L I B RAR.Y 
 
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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2011 with funding from 
 
 University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/ohioauthorstheirOOcoyl 
 
Ohio Authors and Their Books 
 1796-1950 
 
Ohio Authors 
 and Their Books 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA AND SELECTIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES 
 FOR OHIO AUTHORS, NATIVE AND RESIDENT, 
 
 i79 6 -»95° 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 WILLIAM COYLE 
 
 WITTENBERG UNIVERSITY 
 
 «•» 
 
 PRELIMINARY RESEARCH BY 
 
 MR. AND MRS. ERNEST WESSEN 
 
 SPONSORED BY 
 
 THE MARTHA KINNEY COOPER 
 
 OHIOANA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 
 
 THE WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 CLEVELAND AND NEW YORK 
 
published by The World Publishing Company 
 
 2231 WEST IIOTH STREET, CLEVELAND 2, OHIO 
 
 FOR 
 
 The Martha Kinney Cooper 
 Ohioana Library Association 
 
 PUBLISHED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN CANADA BY 
 NELSON, FOSTER & SCOTT LTD. 
 
 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-7594 
 
 FIRST EDITION 
 
 WP162 
 
 Copyright © 1962 by The Martha Kinney Cooper Ohioana Library Association. 
 
 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced 
 
 in any form without written permission from the publisher, except for brief passages 
 
 included in a review appearing in a newspaper or magazine. 
 
 Printed in the United States of America. 
 

 Contents 
 
 PURPOSE AND SCOPE vii 
 
 OHIO IN AMERICAN LITERATURE xi 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix 
 
 BIOGRAPHIES 1-716 
 
 Appendix A: THE OHIOANA LIBRARY 717 
 
 Appendix B: INDEX OF CONTRIBUTORS 721 
 
 Appendix C: NATIVE OHIO AUTHORS 725 
 
 
Purpose and Scope 
 
 A volume devoted to the authors of a single state requires a brief statement 
 of explanation, if not of defense. Its purpose is not to gratify state pride by 
 "claiming" every writer who ever crossed the borders of Ohio or by amassing 
 effusive praise of every Ohioan who ever set pen to paper. It is, rather, to 
 record biographical data and bibliographical check lists that should prove useful 
 to librarians, historians, students of literature, and others interested in Ohio's 
 past and present. Furthermore, the biographies viewed collectively represent one 
 panel in the full expanse of American literature. Detailed examination of a 
 regional segment of a national literature may reveal fresh insights and new 
 emphases. The danger in such a study is exalting the part above the whole. We 
 have tried to avoid making excessive claims for Ohio literature, but it may be 
 said without flourishing the state flag unduly that the quantity and quality of 
 writing by Ohioans should invalidate the impression created by some historians 
 of a cultural desert extending from Massachusetts to Indiana. 
 
 At a rough guess, perhaps eighty million people have lived within the borders 
 of Ohio since the state was settled. To include the name of every person who 
 has written something that saw print would make this work too cumbersome to 
 be useful. Although it may seem that we have cast our nets too wide, from a 
 file of more than 15,000 names of authors associated with Ohio we have included 
 only about one-third. We have attempted to devise a sensible formula for in- 
 clusion of books and authors, but have made occasional exceptions when they 
 seemed justified by the logic of a particular situation or when they seemed likely 
 to enhance the usefulness of this volume. 
 
 The essential problem is contained in two deceptively simple questions sug- 
 gested by our title: Who is an Ohio author? and What is a book? Our inter- 
 pretations of these questions, which are much simpler in practice than in state- 
 ment, are outlined below as briefly as possible. 
 
 The apparently simple word author is susceptible to various ambiguities. It 
 has been interpreted here as a person who has published at least one original 
 work of general interest. This definition excludes editors, compilers, translators, 
 illustrators, or sponsors of books written by others. 
 
 So few Americans spend their lives within a single state that determining who 
 should be considered an Ohioan is more difficult than it might seem. To begin 
 with, an author born in Ohio clearly belongs in a volume of this kind, even 
 though his entire term of residence was spent in a maternity ward. An author 
 who spent a major portion of his life in Ohio also belongs. In addition, we have 
 included, for brief treatment, some authors who spent only a few years in Ohio, 
 
 vii 
 
Purpose and Scope viii 
 
 especially if they wrote any of their books while living here. We have, however, 
 omitted authors who were in Ohio only while attending college or whose resi- 
 dence was extremely brief. Therefore, we have not included Vachel Lindsay, 
 who spent three years at Hiram College; Mark Twain, who passed a crucial 
 winter in Cincinnati before becoming a river pilot; or Thomas Beer and Clarence 
 Day, who spent boyhood summers in Bucyrus and Painesville. 
 
 Our basic definition of an eligible book was that it must be a published work 
 of general interest. This definition does not rule out pamphlets, but it does 
 exclude mimeographed works, unpublished manuscripts, and works written for 
 special groups. The major categories of books that have been excluded are the 
 following: 
 
 1. Textbooks and manuals. 
 
 2. Single speeches or lectures printed as pamphlets. 
 
 3. Single magazine articles reprinted as pamphlets. 
 
 4. Graduate theses and dissertations. 
 
 5. Technical scientific, legal, and medical works. 
 
 6. Publications of fraternal orders. 
 
 7. Sermons. 
 
 8. State and Federal Government publications. 
 
 9. Family histories and genealogical works. 
 
 10. Cookbooks, almanacs, atlases, gazetteers, etiquette books, joke books, 
 and similar compilations. 
 
 The vast amount of material published in the twentieth century has made a 
 further limitation necessary. We have, therefore, included only those authors 
 who have published at least one eligible work listed in the Library of Congress 
 catalogues of printed cards before December 31, 1950. Since the 232 volumes 
 of printed cards that were searched represent more than six million books, this 
 seemed the most reliable and uniform criterion for twentieth-century books. 
 
 The entries for writers who are included are of three general types: 
 
 I. A writer who published at least one eligible work before December 31, 
 1900: a biographical summary and a check list of his writings. 
 
 II. A writer who published at least one eligible work between January 1, 
 1901, and December 31, 1950: a biographical summary, one or more repre- 
 sentative titles, and if possible a citation of a biographical reference book. 
 
 HI. A writer who lived in Ohio for only a brief period: treatment similar to 
 Group II with special emphasis on the subject's Ohio years. 
 
 Sketches of some especially notable authors in Groups I and II have been 
 written by contributors. Except that the opening sentences of these sketches have 
 been standardized, they are of great variety. Because most of the subjects are 
 treated in standard biographical encyclopedias, we have encouraged contributors 
 to avoid stereotyped patterns and discuss their subjects from whatever view- 
 point seemed appropriate. A list of contributors will be found in Appendix B. 
 
 Three groups of authors have been given somewhat out-of-the-ordinary treat- 
 ment. First, public figures like Ulysses S. Grant and George Armstrong Custer, 
 whose writings were an incidental aspect of their careers and whose lives are 
 
ix Purpose and Scope 
 
 fully covered in standard biographical compilations, are treated more briefly 
 than their total accomplishment would seem to merit. Second, we have included 
 biographical sketches, but not bibliographies, of a few major pioneers in the 
 field of textbook writing like William McGuffey, Piatt Rogers Spencer, and 
 Joseph Ray. Similarly, writers of dime novels have been included as biographical 
 entries, but their enormous bibliographies and cross-references to their numerous 
 pen names have often been omitted. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 In the entries themselves, three abbreviations are used frequently : 
 
 e.g., for example 
 
 O.V.I. , Ohio Volunteer Infantry 
 
 q.v., which see 
 
 After many entries for twentieth-century authors, a biographical reference 
 book is cited. For these citations, the following abbreviations are used: 
 
 AATB, American Authors and Their Books 
 
 AMS, American Men of Science 
 
 ANT, American Novelists of Today 
 
 BDCP, Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Poets 
 
 CB, Current Biography 
 
 CWW, American Catholic Who's Who 
 
 DAB, Dictionary of American Biography 
 
 DAS, Directory of American Scholars 
 
 IATB, Indiana A uthors and Their Books 
 
 JB A, Junior Book of A uthors 
 
 LE, Leaders in Education 
 
 NC, National Cyclopedia of American Biography 
 
 OBB, Ohio Blue Book 
 
 OCM, Ohio Composers and Musical Authors 
 
 RC, Representative Clevelanders 
 
 RLA, Religious Leaders of America 
 
 TCA, Twentieth Century Authors 
 
 WO, Women of Ohio 
 
 WW, Who's Who in America 
 
 WWAA, Who's Who in American Art 
 
 WWAE, Who's Who in American Education 
 
 WW AW, Who's Who of American Women 
 
 WWC, Who's Who in the Clergy 
 
 WWCI, Who's Who in Commerce and Industry 
 
 WWE, Who's Who in the East 
 
 WWL, Who's Who in Labor 
 
 WWLS, Who's Who in Library Service 
 
 WWMW, Who's Who in the Midwest 
 
 WWNAA, Who's Who among North American Authors 
 
 WWO, Who's Who in Ohio {1930) 
 
Purpose and Scope 
 
 WWT, Who's Who in the Theatre 
 WWW, Who Was Who in America 
 WWWJ, Who's Who in World Jewry 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES 
 
 1. The form of the bibliographies follows library practices as closely as possi- 
 ble. Long titles have been shortened, and the omission of words has been 
 indicated by an ellipsis. Publication facts not found on the title page of a book 
 are enclosed in square brackets. Unlike library cataloguing procedure, however, 
 the arrangement of titles is chronological rather than alphabetical. 
 
 2. In the biographical entries, names beginning with Mc or M' are alpha- 
 betized as though spelled Mac. 
 
 3. Information given in the text of an entry, such as the name of a collaborator 
 or the use of a pen name, is not repeated in the bibliography. 
 
 4. Except for major American cities that have no counterpart in Ohio, all 
 non-Ohio place names are followed by the name of the state or country in which 
 they are located. Ohio counties, townships, towns, and cities are not followed by 
 the name of the state. 
 
 5. The terminal date for the bibliographies is 1950. When necessary and 
 possible, biographical information has been extended to 1960. The word "now" 
 in a sketch signifies 1960. 
 
 6. Although we have made every effort to collect accurate and complete 
 information on all Ohio authors, some entries are incomplete and some undoubt- 
 edly contain errors. Inevitably, many long-sought facts will come to light after 
 this work is in print. At a later time, therefore, we intend to print a sheet of 
 corrections and additions that can be inserted in this volume. Readers who dis- 
 cover mistakes or omissions are invited to send information to the Ohioana 
 Library, Columbus 15, Ohio. 
 
Ohio in American Literature 
 
 "American literature," according to Frederick Jackson Turner, "is not 
 a single thing. It is a choral song of many sections." In the Midwestern portion of 
 this song, however, it is difficult to identify a distinctive Ohio voice. Some 
 observers, in fact, have implied that Ohio has not even hummed along with the 
 literary music; according to a history of Allen County (1921), a local educator, 
 when asked to discuss the literature of the area, replied succinctly, "Why write 
 about what ain't?" Actually, as the present volume attests, Ohio has produced a 
 large number of writers, both major and minor; but many seem American 
 authors first and Ohio authors only incidentally. There has never been a homo- 
 geneous Buckeye school of literature; one finds little unity of spirit, slight 
 similarity in techniques or materials, and surprisingly little personal acquaintance 
 among Ohio's numerous authors. Major literary figures who have come out of 
 Ohio include William Dean Howells, Sherwood Anderson, James Thurber, and 
 Hart Crane. A more disparate group can scarcely be imagined. Instead of a 
 distinctive regional spirit, the writing of Ohioans shows a surprisingly complete 
 representation of popular taste in the nation as a whole. 
 
 Because authors by nature of their calling are solitary and individualistic, the 
 notion of a thoroughly unified regional literature is to some extent an illusion. 
 Perhaps community of purpose and similarity of themes and techniques can be 
 found at only two periods in American literary history: in New England during 
 the second quarter of the nineteenth century, and in the South during the second 
 quarter of the twentieth. In both of these regions, drastic social change, which 
 saw established ways of life being displaced, was accompanied by a literary 
 awakening. Apparently, confrontation of the old and the new in a culture 
 energizes the literary artist. In Ohio, however, and probably in the other states 
 created from the Northwest Territory, social change, though rapid, has been com- 
 paratively uncomplicated. 
 
 Except in Cincinnati during the 1830s and 1840s, there is no period in Ohio's 
 history when writers engaged in significant collective endeavor. The short-lived 
 literary periodicals described by W. H. Venable in his Beginnings of Literary 
 Culture in the Ohio Valley, the literary and discussion societies, and numerous 
 active publishing houses bespeak a concern with literary matters not found 
 elsewhere in Ohio. Enthusiasm and bustle, however, are no substitute for genius; 
 and Cincinnati before the Civil War had no truly great writers. 
 
 Although many Cincinnati writers were New Englanders who established a 
 transcendentalist magazine before the famous Dial was founded in Massachusetts, 
 most of them agreed that a distinctive regional literature should be developed. 
 
 xi 
 
Ohio in American Literature xii 
 
 Writers like James Hall, Timothy Flint, and William D. Gallagher expressed an 
 aggressive provincialism typical of the local-color movement a generation later. 
 In 1858 William T. Coggeshall complained that the West was not adequately 
 represented in literature and that writers and lecturers needed a "seaboard 
 indorsement" to be taken seriously in the West. Proponents of a regional litera- 
 ture insisted that the literary scene was dominated by an Eastern clique, that 
 Western vigor was preferable to an effete Eastern culture, and that writers should 
 use Western materials. Unfortunately, a provincial inferiority complex caused 
 writers to look to Eastern authors and to the British romantics for models and to 
 ignore the crude, everyday world around them in favor of an artificial literary 
 make-believe. The combination of valid theory and faulty practice is illustrated 
 by Thomas Peirce's advice to Western writers : 
 
 Be yours the office to describe 
 
 The blooming belles of Flora's tribe. 
 
 Although some realistic accounts of frontier Ohio were written by Benjamin 
 Drake and others, much of the early literature was a mixture of melodrama and 
 sentimentality. 
 
 The local-color movement after the Civil War, which stressed accurate treat- 
 ment of regional materials, was essentially retrospective, as writers drew on their 
 own memories of a region. By the 1880s, when local color was popular, how- 
 ever, the frontier was a matter of historical record rather than personal recollec- 
 tion in Ohio, where conquest of the wilderness had been violent but relatively 
 swift. 
 
 More impressive than fiction and poetry during Ohio's early years were the 
 numerous almanacs, gazetteers, textbooks, manuals, and handbooks of every 
 description. They reflect a concern with the practical and the matter-of-fact. In 
 medicine, law, and science, there was much less tendency to imitate Eastern 
 models. 
 
 A major reason, then, for the lack of a unified regional spirit in Ohio's litera- 
 ture was the rapid growth of the state. Rich soil and other natural bounties 
 attracted a flood tide of settlers and resulted in phenomenally rapid development. 
 Ohio passed quickly from frontier wilderness to an agricultural economy and soon 
 thereafter to an industrial, urban society. Another reason for the absence of 
 regional solidarity was the diversity of the population. Easy access from east 
 and south attracted settlers from New England, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and 
 Virginia. Industrialization and the rapid growth of cities attracted a variety of 
 ethnic groups. A melting-pot culture may evoke a healthy democratic spirit, but 
 it does not produce a homogeneous literature. 
 
 Despite the diversity of Ohio's literary history and the lack of any sustained 
 "Buckeye spirit," some significant generalizations can be abstracted from the 
 biographical and bibliographical data in this volume. The chief danger in such 
 an endeavor is the fallacy of environmental determinism — of assuming that each 
 author wrote as he did because of his birth or residence in Ohio. There is, of 
 course, no way of proving that any individual author would have written 
 differently if he had lived in Maine, Kansas, or Oregon. By concentrating on 
 broad tendencies, however, and by using individual authors as illustration rather 
 
xiii Ohio in American Literature 
 
 than as proof, one can discover interesting reflections of Ohio's social and 
 cultural history. 
 
 One obvious characteristic is what Venable called the "exodic" tendency of 
 Ohio authors. There have always been more authors from Ohio than in Ohio. 
 Since its earliest settlement, the state has attracted a great variety of settlers and 
 has sent them or their children to every corner of the Union. A surprising 
 number of the memoirs by mountain men, gold-seekers, and other pioneers of 
 the Far West were written by men of Ohio origin. The biographical entries in 
 this volume show Ohio-born authors living in almost every state. Howells set 
 the pattern for this "Buckeye exodus" in 1860, when he headed for New England 
 after publishing some poems in the Atlantic Monthly. As a Mecca for profes- 
 sional authors, Boston has been supplanted by Broadway and Hollywood, but 
 the tendency to emigrate persists. 
 
 For many of these displaced Ohioans, the state has remained a nostalgic image 
 recalled with wistful affection. Pleasant recollections of Ohio can be found in 
 numerous autobiographical books by writers living outside their native state. As 
 he grew older, Howells returned often to memories of his Ohio boyhood, and 
 James Thurber once wrote "The clocks that strike in my dreams are often the 
 clocks of Columbus." Generally speaking, Ohio authors who have left the state 
 have not rejected it. The writer's alienation from his native roots has been a 
 major theme in twentieth-century American literature, but it is not very notice- 
 able in the writing of Ohioans. 
 
 The literary output of Ohioans, both in and out of the state, has been large 
 and varied. Religious books undoubtedly outnumber all others. Although sermons 
 are not listed in this volume, the bibliographies contain more books on religion — 
 polemical, devotional, homiletic, and historical — than on any other subject. 
 
 A major reason for this productivity in religious books was the close identifica- 
 tion of church groups with the educational history of the state. Every major 
 denomination founded at least one college or seminary, and Miami University 
 and Ohio University, both state institutions were unofficially identified with the 
 Presbyterians and the Methodists respectively. Clergymen who doubled as faculty 
 members were prolific writers on religion as well as other topics. Another reason 
 was that a writer on religious subjects found many receptive publication outlets. 
 At least six denominations published periodicals in Cincinnati during the nine- 
 teenth century, and the Methodists conducted a thriving book-publishing firm 
 there, as the United Brethren did in Dayton. 
 
 Though seldom stated in so many words, the major causes of religious ferment 
 in early Ohio were the ordinary citizens' desire for an egalitarian religion and the 
 clergy's struggle to adapt Calvinism to frontier conditions. Numerous popular 
 religious movements, more or less devoted to these ends, flourished in Ohio, and 
 the doctrinal disputes and other controversies that some of them engendered 
 resulted in many books and pamphlets. The Baptist, Presbyterian, and Methodist 
 clergy — the largest groups — were highly productive writers, but activities of 
 other sects also resulted in the making of many books. The Shakers, who estab- 
 lished communities in Warren, Montgomery, and Cuyahoga Counties, operated 
 their own printing press. The Church of the New Jerusalem prospered, especially 
 in southern Ohio. Kirtland was a way-station for the Mormons in the 1830s. 
 
Ohio in American Literature xiv 
 
 Akron was a center of Universalism. The Unitarians were ready writers, especially 
 the transplanted New Englanders in Cincinnati. The Disciples of Christ and the 
 United Brethren founded many churches in Ohio, and clergymen of both per- 
 suasions were prolific writers. German Methodism was founded in Cincinnati, 
 as was Reform Judaism. Josiah Strong, Washington Gladden, and other leaders 
 of the Social Gospel movement at the turn of the century served Ohio churches. 
 Even the contemporary "peace of mind" tendency in religion is epitomized by 
 Ohio-born Norman Vincent Peale, and the phrase was originated by another 
 Ohioan — Rabbi Joshua Loth Liebman. 
 
 The fourth estate has produced nearly as many books as the first. The rapid 
 growth of towns and cities, a literate citizenry, and the importance of politics 
 in Ohio life help account for the numerous newspapers that have flourished in 
 the state. Many writers, like Howells and Thurber, served journalistic apprentice- 
 ships before turning to literary careers. Ohio has also known a great many 
 professional journalists: for example, Charles Hammond, Whitelaw Reid, Murat 
 Halstead, David R. Locke, Don Carlos Seitz, George Kennan, William Henry 
 Smith, Charles Merz, Anne O'Hare McCormick, O. O. Mclntyre, Percy Ham- 
 mond, James B. Reston, Fred C. Kelly, Earl Wilson, Herman Fetzer (Jake 
 Falstaff), Hugh S. Fullerton, and Lowell Thomas. These and other Ohio 
 journalists have written a great variety of books. 
 
 Even before Ohio was admitted to statehood, a sharp contest ensued between 
 Federalists and anti-Federalists. Politics has been a major activity ever since, 
 partly because of the diversity of the population and partly, perhaps, because of 
 the public's enjoyment of political excitement. The state has seen many rousing 
 political contests and has produced more than its share of major political figures. 
 These leaders and their supporters have turned out many books and pamphlets. 
 Also, Ohioans appear unexpectedly in the political annals of other states: for 
 example, Edmund G. Ross, senator from Kansas who cast a decisive vote against 
 the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, was born in Ashland; James B. Weaver, 
 leader of the Farmers' Alliance, was born in Dayton; John P. Altgeld, governor 
 of Illinois, was reared in Richland County; and George W. Norris, senator from 
 Nebraska, was born in Sandusky County. 
 
 Many persons today probably envision Ohio as a bastion of conservatism, but 
 this image is not consistent with the multitude of reformers among the state's 
 authors. Many communal experiments were attempted: Owenite communities in 
 the 1830s, Fourieristic phalanxes in the 1840s, and a variety of others devoted 
 to spiritualism, hydrotherapy, or food fads. Also, the Quakers in the east and 
 south, the abolitionists in the Western Reserve, and the radicals among the Ger- 
 mans in Cincinnati were all cordial to the reforming spirit. Innumerable books 
 and pamphlets were written on abolition, temperance, and women's rights — 
 reforms that now seem rather innocuous because they were successful. Ohio has 
 also seen a host of more radical or more eccentric reformers, such as Josiah 
 Warner, Nathan C. Meeker, and Orson Murray, who founded Utopian com- 
 munities; Victoria and Tennessee Woodhull, fervent advocates of women's rights, 
 free love, and — in their old age — eugenics; John B. Newbrough, who founded 
 the Shalam Community in New Mexico and wrote a bible for its guidance; Elias 
 Longley, proponent of phonetic spelling and other reforms; and Jacob S. Coxey, 
 
xv Ohio in American Literature 
 
 leader of the Commonweal of Christ, popularly known as Coxey's Army. These 
 reformers and many others promoted their pet projects by means of pamphlets 
 and books. 
 
 The mysterious mounds in southern Ohio are probably the chief reason that 
 the state has attracted or produced such distinguished archaeologists as Ephraim 
 G. Squier, Edwin H. Davis, William C. Mills, William Henry Adams, Charles 
 Whittlesey, Warren K. Moorehead, and Henry G. Shetrone. Besides these 
 scholars, many enthusiastic local amateurs have written books and pamphlets, 
 some soberly describing the mounds and others fancifully re-creating the culture 
 of the Mound Builders. 
 
 The enormous amount of historical writing is more difficult to explain. Such 
 organizations as the Historical and Philosophical Society, Firelands Historical 
 Society, Western Reserve Historical Society, Ohio Historical Society, and others 
 have encouraged writing and research. An awakening of state pride after the 
 Civil War partially accounts for the abundance of regimental histories and war 
 memoirs. Local semicentennials and centennials, encouragement from commercial 
 publishers, and the gratification early settlers and their descendants found in 
 commemorative chronicles resulted in a spate of community and county his- 
 tories, especially in the 1880s and 1890s. Besides this essentially amateur 
 historical writing, however, Ohio has also produced such notable professional 
 historians as Hubert H. Bancroft, James Ford Rhodes, Archer B. Hulbert, 
 Albert J. Beveridge, Arthur M. Schlesinger (father and son), Carl F. Wittke, 
 and a number of others. Most of them, though, have pursued their active careers 
 outside the state. Rhodes, for example, left Cleveland for Massachusetts after 
 resolving to devote himself to history, and Bancroft conducted his vast research 
 projects at the opposite side of the continent in California. 
 
 Impressive in sheer bulk is the verse turned out by Ohioans. Since the early 
 nineteenth century, the state has abounded in amateur poets. Among the Ohioans 
 in Coggeshall's Poetry and Poets of the West (1860), there are few professional 
 writers but many unlikely versifiers, such as Charles Hammond and Salmon P. 
 Chase. If any goddess has presided over Ohio poetry, it has been Vesta, patron 
 of home and hearth. Housewives, students, physicians, lawyers, farmers, and 
 teachers have written verse as an avocation. Outlets for their poems have been 
 religious and educational magazines and, formerly, the "Poet's Corner" featured 
 in many newspapers. Many have gathered their work in self-financed collections, 
 published by a local printer or, more recently, by a "vanity press." 
 
 Ohio poets have produced a number of elocutionary favorites: "Rain on the 
 Roof" (Coates Kinney), "The Flag Goes By" (Henry H. Bennett), "Your Flag 
 and My Flag" (Wilbur D. Nesbit), and "Bob White" (Marion F. Ham). Henry 
 Lyden Flash, perhaps the most popular poet of the Confederacy, was born in 
 Cincinnati; and John H. Titus, putative author of "The Face on the Bar Room 
 Floor," was a native of Ashtabula County. The affinity of Ohio poets with 
 popular taste is also shown by single lines that have passed into the folk culture 
 of the familiar: for example, "Sheridan twenty miles away" (Thomas B. Read), 
 "It isn't raining rain to me, it's raining violets" (Robert Loveman), and "Off 
 agin, on agin, gone agin. Finnigin" (Strickland Gillilan). 
 
 Nineteenth-century poetry in Ohio, as in America generally, inclined toward 
 
Ohio in American Literature xvi 
 
 the sentimental, the moralistic, the decorous, and the derivative. Poets looked 
 for models to Longfellow, to the British romantics, and, less fortunately, to Mrs. 
 Hemans and other writers of religious or domestic verse. Later, James Whitcomb 
 Riley was widely admired, and amateur poets turned out reams of dialect verse 
 on rustic subjects. Still later, Edgar A. Guest inspired a host of imitators. The 
 turn of the century evoked many commemorative poems, odes to Ohio, and the 
 like, more distinguished for fervent state pride than for poetic quality. 
 
 The most notable names among mid-nineteenth-century poets include William 
 D. Gallagher, Alice and Phoebe Cary, Otway Curry, and Coates Kinney. 
 Gallagher was probably the most authentic poet of the time, but his Words- 
 worthian feeling for nature was often vitiated by moralizing and sentimentality. 
 Poets of the later nineteenth century include John James Piatt, Edith M. Thomas, 
 Edward Rowland Sill, and Paul Laurence Dunbar. No truly first-rank poets 
 appear in the century, but a number of minor poets reflect general taste of their 
 day. Twentieth-century poets include Jean Starr Untermeyer, Ridgely Torrence, 
 and Hart Crane. Crane probably has received the most respectful attention from 
 critics, but he is an admittedly exotic figure in the Ohio landscape. 
 
 The achievement of Ohio authors is more distinguished in fiction than in 
 poetry. William Dean Howells, the major author the state has produced, and 
 Sherwood Anderson are probably the most important novelists. Howells' 
 definition and defense of realism and his practice of his theories for more than 
 fifty years represent a major contribution to American literature. The sense of 
 loneliness and frustration in Anderson's masterpiece, Winesburg, Ohio, is unique 
 in American fiction. Besides these two, Ohio has known such minor but sig- 
 nificant writers of fiction as Albion W. Tourgee, Constance F. Woolson, Mary H. 
 Catherwood, Albert G. Riddle, Ambrose Bierce, John B. Naylor, Charles 
 Chesnutt, and Brand Whitlock. 
 
 In fiction written simply as popular entertainment, Ohio writers have also 
 been productive. Although Sandusky-born Orville J. Victor did not invent the 
 dime novel, as is sometimes claimed, he did more than anyone else to popularize 
 the form. While he served as editor of Beadle publications, his wife, Metta F. 
 Victor, was one of the most popular in his corps of writers. Emerson Bennett, 
 who wrote many adventure stories a cut above the Beadle productions, lived in 
 Cincinnati during the 1840s. Other Ohioans who turned out popular novels and 
 stories were Oliver Coomes, Thomas C. Harbaugh, Nathan D. Urner, and 
 Edward S. Ellis. 
 
 The all-time American best-seller, Uncle Tom's Cabin, evolved from mate- 
 rials collected during Mrs. Stowe's eighteen years in Cincinnati. Best-selling 
 Ohio novelists of the twentieth century include Zane Grey, Fannie Hurst, Ben 
 Ames Williams, Lloyd C. Douglas, Louis Bromfield, Jim Tully, Earl Derr Big- 
 gers, and William R. Burnett. 
 
 Ohio has also produced a number of outstanding writers of juvenile books, 
 including Martha Finley, creator of the saccharine Elsie Dinsmore series; Sarah 
 C. Woolsey (Susan Coolidge), author of What Katy Did and many other books; 
 and Elizabeth W. Champney, author of the Vassar Girls series. Children's 
 favorites created by Ohioans include Seckatary Hawkins, Buster Brown, Little 
 Mary Mixup, Raggedy Ann, and the Teenie Weenies. Twentieth-century writers 
 
xvii Ohio in American Literature 
 
 of books for children include Adele and Cateau DeLeeuw, Marion Renick, 
 Robert McCloskey, Father Francis J. Finn, and Lois Lenski. 
 
 Ohio authors have also shown a decided proclivity for humor. Analyzing 
 sources of humor is not only futile but self-defeating, as the analysis usually 
 destroys its subject; but some possible reasons for the profusion of humorous 
 writing suggest themselves. First, a fairly obvious reason is the large number of 
 newpapers that were receptive to this type of material. Second, a tentative 
 reason is the blending of Southern and New England cultures in Ohio. A mixture 
 of Southern exuberance and dry Yankee understatement was characteristic of 
 the post-Civil War "funny men." Third, still more tentatively, the mark of much 
 humor is incongruity; and even in 1960 the Ohio scene is filled with incongruous 
 contrasts, as, for example, one can drive in ten minutes from a roaring industrial 
 city to a secluded, sleepy village. 
 
 Whatever the reasons may be, Ohio literature abounds in humor. Charles 
 Farrar Browne became Artemus Ward while a Cleveland newspaperman, and 
 David Ross Locke (Petroleum V. Nasby) spent almost all of his journalistic 
 career in Ohio. William Tappan Thompson, humorist of middle Georgia, spent 
 his boyhood in the Western Reserve. Wilbur F. Hinman, an Ohio journalist, 
 created Si Klegg, comic Civil War soldier. Although he spent his adult life in 
 Indiana, Frank M. Hubbard (Abe Martin) was born in Belief ontaine. Frederick 
 B. Opper and Richard F. Outcault, each of whom is sometimes credited with 
 inventing the comic strip, were both Ohio natives. James Thurber, whose work 
 cuts much deeper than journalistic humor, drew frequently on his memories 
 of Columbus and Ohio State University. 
 
 Ohio, it seems, has produced an extensive literature but a miscellaneous one. 
 It might be represented as a pyramid with a half-dozen major authors at the top, 
 numerous minor authors below, and a broad base of amateur or casual writers. 
 Authors on all levels have shown considerable responsiveness to public taste. 
 
 One of the proudest boasts of Ohioans is that they live in the typical American 
 state, the epitome of average America. Manufacturers, it is said, regard Ohio 
 as a median area for testing new products. Although this view of Ohio is de- 
 batable, it is consistent with the general impression made by the state's literary 
 history. Ohio writers have reflected popular tastes and interests; few of them 
 have been trail-breakers or iconoclasts; they have turned a mirror rather than a 
 lens on American society. Although Ohio has never fostered a cohesive regional 
 school of writers, it has been a seedbed of popular culture. Best-selling fiction, 
 poetry with popular appeal, religious and reform writing, children's stories, 
 journalistic humor — these are the fields in which Ohio authors have been most 
 productive. 
 
 The complexity of modern American society and the concentration of publish- 
 ing and entertainment in New York City make it unlikely that a unified regional 
 school will develop in Ohio or anywhere else. However, the emergence in the 
 1950s of talented young novelists like Vance Bourjaily, Bentz Plagemann, 
 Herbert Gold, and James Purdy suggests that Ohio's diversified contribution to 
 American literature is continuing. 
 
Acknowledgments 
 
 Assembling biographical and bibliographical data on more than 4,600 authors, 
 many of them relatively obscure, has of necessity been a massive collaboration. 
 So many persons have generously volunteered information or responded to in- 
 quiries that listing them all by name is a literal impossibility. I can, therefore, 
 specify only those whose assistance has been extensive, continuing in some in- 
 stances throughout the ten years that this project has been under way. My 
 gratitude to the many persons and institutions given only generalized acknowl- 
 edgment is no less sincere. 
 
 Major credit for this volume belongs to the Ohioana Library Association, which 
 has sponsored the research and the publication. Mrs. Depew Head, now Director 
 Emeritus, first conceived of the project more than ten years ago and worked 
 closely with Ernest Wessen, the original editor. My own debt is greatest to 
 Walter R. Marvin, the present Director, who has participated vigorously in the 
 search for data and has patiently borne almost daily requests for assistance of 
 all kinds. I have also received much help from the Ohioana staff, especially 
 Florence J. Kelley and Josephine J. Swinehart, Librarians. I am also indebted 
 to the Ohioana membership and staff over the past thirty years, who collected 
 biographical information on Ohio authors and filed it in the Ohioana Library. 
 While I have worked on the book, I have received help and counsel from the 
 Editorial Committee, composed of officers of the Ohioana Association: Carl 
 Vitz, Mrs. Howard Bevis, Mrs. Depew Head, G. Harrison Orians, and Joseph 
 K. Vodrey. Carl Vitz, chairman of the committee, has been a valued adviser 
 throughout all stages of the research, has read portions of the manuscript, and 
 has worked diligently to discover data on Hamilton County authors. Finally, 
 I am deeply obligated to the current Ohioana county chairmen listed in Ap- 
 pendix A and to their predecessors. Lists of questions were sent them; they con- 
 sulted court records, visited cemeteries, interviewed relatives of authors, adver- 
 tised in newspapers, and wrote letters to find the answers. 
 
 Much of the research for this project has, of course, been done in libraries. 
 Query-lists were sent to libraries in almost every Ohio county and in cities 
 throughout the United States; hundreds of libraries supplied information, for 
 which I am most grateful. In the libraries where I have worked, I have received 
 much assistance and advice. Among the librarians to whom I am obligated are 
 Yeatman Anderson, III, and Ethel M. Hutchins of Cincinnati Public Library; 
 Donna Root of Cleveland Public Library; Elizabeth Faries, William Hamilton, 
 and Helen H. Santmyer of Dayton Public Library; Alice Hook of Historical and 
 Philosophical Society Library; Elizabeth Martin of Ohio Historical Society 
 
 xix 
 
Acknowledgments xx 
 
 Library; Irene McCreery of Toledo Public Library; Luella Eutsler of Wittenberg 
 University Library; and Margaret Leanhard of the State of Ohio Library, Union 
 Catalogue Division. After checking unidentified titles in the last-named library, 
 I spent a week searching for the remainder in the main catalogue and the union 
 catalogue of the Library of Congress, where I was tendered every facility for 
 research. 
 
 A large number of the authors in this volume are not included in any reference 
 books, and many others are found only in county histories or biographical dic- 
 tionaries published during their lifetimes. This has necessitated a great deal of 
 grass-roots research to discover dates of birth and death, to say nothing of 
 significant events between the two. Paradoxically, it has been most difficult to 
 learn the birth date for a living writer and the death date for a dead one. I have 
 not included the date of birth for any living author who prefers that it remain 
 unspecified, but I have tried to find death dates for all authors known to be 
 deceased. Many such facts have been furnished by the Ohio Department of Vital 
 Statistics, thanks to the co-operation of William H. Viegel, Chief of that depart- 
 ment. Also, Colonel William B. Haines, in charge of soldiers' claims for Ohio, 
 permitted me to search the burial records in his office. Some Ohio veterans not 
 listed there have been located in the National Archives, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Biographical facts have been collected from numerous other sources to which 
 I can make only blanket acknowledgments. Lists of questions were sent to probate 
 courts, county historical associations, medical societies, and bar associations 
 throughout Ohio. Separate queries were also sent to many cemeteries, news- 
 papers, schools, and churches. The response to these queries was exceptionally 
 good. Also, lists of questions were sent to alumni associations of more than a 
 hundred colleges, and almost all of them responded with the information needed. 
 
 The contributors listed in Appendix B have prepared sketches of more than 
 a hundred authors. To these busy persons, who have graciously given the time 
 and work necessary to investigate their subjects, I am deeply obligated. 
 
 Annual grants, arranged by Dean John N. Stauffer of Wittenberg University, 
 have supplemented funds from Ohioana to provide student assistance in typing 
 and filing. The students who have worked on the project are Donald E. Bauer, 
 Walter Brumm, Dennis E. Lauman, and Claire M. Crowley. My wife, Charlotte 
 Coyle, has not only assisted with the typing and clerical work during school 
 vacations but has also endured patiently a clutter of file cards, manuscript pages, 
 manila folders, reference books, photostats, clippings, and other accouterments 
 of the research. My children, Mary Joan and Daniel Coyle, have proved to be 
 filial file clerks. 
 
 At the risk of omitting names that should be included, I wish to acknowledge 
 special help received from Betty E. Baldwin, Cincinnati; Alice F. Bliss, Ashtabula; 
 Graham Bryson, Xenia; Elizabeth Claflin, Cleveland; Virginia T. Curry, Cincin- 
 nati; Kathryn M. Keller, Toledo; Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Kuhn, Hartville; Andrew 
 P. Martin, Cleveland; Melrose Pitman, Cincinnati; Alice C. Redhead, Cleveland; 
 Mary L. Spining, Springfield; Erman D. Southwick, Marietta; Gordon W. Thayer, 
 Cleveland; David K. Webb, Chillicothe; Tessa S. Webb, Columbus; and Kathryn 
 E. Williams, Wilmington. 
 
 Last, but most importantly, I want to emphasize my gratitude and admiration 
 
xxi Acknowledgments 
 
 for the research and organization done by Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Wessen of Mans- 
 field. Years of bibliographical experience and extensive knowledge of Americana 
 made Mr. Wessen uniquely qualified to edit this work. Before he was compelled 
 by ill health to abandon the project, he planned the basic format, collected masses 
 of data and citations of sources, and wrote many entries. His name is appended 
 to certain longer sketches, but many of the unsigned shorter entries are also the 
 result of his research. Mrs. Wessen searched biographical dictionaries for eligible 
 names and prepared an efficient card-file that has been indispensable. That this 
 book would never have been completed without their tireless labors is a simple 
 statement of fact. Much of the credit for whatever usefulness this work may have 
 belongs to the Wessens; errors of omission and commission are, of course, my 
 own responsibility. 
 
 William Coyle 
 Wittenberg University 
 
Ohio Authors and Their Books 
 1796-1950 
 
The entries for writers who are included are of three 
 general types: 
 
 I. A writer who published at least one eligible work 
 before December 31, 1900: a biographical summary 
 and a check list of his writings. 
 II. A writer who published at least one eligible work 
 between January 1, 1901, and December 31, 1950: 
 a biographical summary, one or more representative 
 titles, and if possible a citation of a biographical 
 reference book. 
 III. A writer who lived in Ohio for only a brief period: 
 treatment similar to Group II with special emphasis 
 on the subject's Ohio years. 
 
Ohio Authors and Their Books 
 1796-1950 
 
 AARONSOHN, MICHAEL (July 5, 1896- 
 ), rabbi, born in Baltimore, Md., has 
 lived in Cincinnati for more than forty years. 
 Serving as a sergeant major in the 147th In- 
 fantry during World War I, he was wounded 
 and left totally blind. He returned to Cin- 
 cinnati and graduated from the University of 
 Cincinnati and Hebrew Union College in 
 1923. He has been field representative of the 
 Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 
 has served as chaplain of several veterans' 
 organizations, and has lectured widely on his 
 victory over blindness and in support of 
 Henry George's theories. He has published 
 two novels, the first of which is largely auto- 
 biographical: Broken Lights, Cincinnati, 
 1946. 
 
 ABBE, CLEVELAND (Dec. 3, 1838-Oct. 28, 
 1916), was born in New York City and edu- 
 cated in the schools there and at Michigan 
 Agricultural College. His significant Ohio 
 connection is limited to two years, 1868-70, 
 when he served as director of the Cincinnati 
 Observatory. There he issued storm warn- 
 ings based on telegraphic reports and drew 
 the first weather maps. Abbe wrote almost 
 three hundred papers on various aspects of 
 weather and climate, many of them issued in 
 pamphlet form. 
 
 ABBEY, EVERETT LUCIUS (Oct. 10, 1855- 
 Jan. 1, 1945), educator, was born in May- 
 field, Cuyahoga County. After graduating 
 from the University of Wooster in 1880, he 
 was superintendent of schools in Cambridge 
 and later in Euclid. He then served seven- 
 teen years as attendance officer in East Cleve- 
 land, retiring in 1938. 
 The Religious Drama of the Tyrol . . . , 
 
 Cleveland, 1900. 
 "A Twist of the Lion's Tail," East Cleveland, 
 [1926]. 
 
 ABDULLAH. Pseud. See Otway Curry. 
 
 ABERNETHY, ALONZO (April 14, 1836- 
 Feb., 1915), educator, was born in Sandusky 
 County. He served in the 9th Iowa Volun- 
 teers, 1861-65. After graduating from the 
 University of Chicago in 1866, he held vari- 
 ous educational posts in Illinois and Iowa. 
 His death occurred in Des Moines. His writ- 
 ings include A History of Iowa Baptist 
 Schools, [Osage, Iowa, 1907]. WWW 1 
 
 ABERNETHY, WEALTHA VIETH (April 
 12, 1870-June 19, 1956), was born in Circle- 
 ville, Pickaway County. She worked there as 
 a court reporter before her marriage to Judge 
 Isaac N. Abernethy, and after his death she 
 worked in the Motor Vehicle Department, 
 Columbus. She published an autobiographi- 
 cal volume: Odds and Ends, [Columbus, 
 1943], which she revised and republished in 
 1948 as Yesterdays. 
 
 ABRAMS, LISLE JOSEPH (Nov. 6, 1903- 
 ), was born in Cameron, W. Va., but 
 when he was seven his family moved to Lis- 
 bon, Columbiana County, where he has since 
 lived. His poems have appeared in magazines 
 and anthologies, and he has published one 
 collection: Through the Years, New York, 
 1944. 
 
 ADAMS, ALMEDA C. (Feb. 26, 1865-Sept. 
 8, 1949), musician, was born in Meadville, 
 Pa., but she lived near Toledo as a child. She 
 lost her eyesight when only six months old, 
 and at the age of seven entered the State 
 School for the Blind at Columbus, and 
 graduated in music. After attending the New 
 England Conservatory of Music for two 
 years, she taught piano and voice at the Uni- 
 versity of Nebraska. Settling in Cleveland 
 in 1901, she taught music to various local 
 
Adams, C. J. 
 
 groups, including every social settlement. In 
 1926 this amazing woman left on a year's 
 travel in Europe as a chaperone for a group 
 of music students. On her return she wrote 
 a book which received wide acclaim: Seeing 
 Europe through Sightless Eyes, New York, 
 [1929]. Twice more she toured Europe un- 
 accompanied, after which she enjoyed en- 
 thusiastic demand as a lecturer on European 
 travel. She died in Cleveland. 
 
 ADAMS, CHARLES JOSIAH (Oct. 31, 1850- 
 July 4, 1924), clergyman, was born in New 
 Lisbon, Columbiana County. After graduat- 
 ing from Mount Union College in 1871, he 
 attended Yale University and Boston Univer- 
 sity, and was ordained an Episcopal priest in 
 1875. He served as rector of several churches, 
 including St. Luke's, Rossville, N. Y. 
 Where Is My Dog? Or, Is Man Alone Im- 
 mortal? New York, 1892. 
 How Baldy Won the County Seat, New 
 
 York, 1902. 
 Hope Undeferred, and Two Other Poems, 
 
 New York, 1916. 
 Reprieve! and Other Poems, New York, 
 
 1916. 
 Awakenings, with In Athens, New York, 
 
 1917. 
 This and That, and That and This, New 
 York, 1919. 
 
 ADAMS, EMMA HILDRETH DRAKE (Feb. 
 
 18, 1827-C.1900), was born in Perry, N. Y., 
 
 but lived in Cleveland for a number of years. 
 
 She graduated from Baldwin University, and 
 
 in 1852 she married Herman S. Adams of 
 
 Columbus. Approximately the last twenty 
 
 years of her life were spent in Los Angeles. 
 
 Digging the Top Off and Other Stories, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1887. 
 
 To and Fro in Southern California . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1887. 
 
 John of Wy cliff e .... Oakland, Calif., 
 [1890]. 
 
 Jottings from the Pacific . . . , Oakland, Calif., 
 [1890]. 
 
 The Tonga Islands . . . , Oakland, Calif., 
 [1890]. 
 
 Two Cannibal Archipelagoes . . . , Oakland, 
 Calif., [1890]. 
 
 Jottings from the Pacific, No. 2 . . . , Oak- 
 land, Calif., [1891]. 
 
 ADAMS, HARRIET L. (Sept. 6, 1838-Dec. 
 20, 1913), was a journalist in Cleveland for 
 a number of years. Her death occurred in 
 that city. Besides writing the book below, she 
 assisted Sarah Victor (q.v.) in writing her 
 autobiography. 
 
 A Woman's Journeyings in the New North- 
 west, Cleveland, 1892. 
 
 ADAMS, JACOB (March 30, 1842-May 29, 
 1930), was born in Hancock County. In the 
 Civil War he served as a private in the 21st 
 O.V.I, and was wounded at the Battle of 
 Chickamauga. After the war he attended high 
 school in Findlay, taught school at Van Lue, 
 and bought a farm near Ayersville. At the 
 age of 83 he began copying his Civil War 
 diary and excerpts from his letters. The 
 manuscript was edited by H. M. Povenmire 
 and published by the Ohio Archaeological 
 and Historical Society: Diary of Jacob 
 Adams . . . , Columbus, 1930. 
 
 ADAMS, JAMES ALONZO (May 21, 1842- 
 June 4, 1925), educator and clergyman, was 
 born in Ashland, Ashland County. He gradu- 
 ated from Knox College in 1867. He taught 
 at Straight University, New Orleans, 1875— 
 77, edited the Dallas, Texas, Daily Commer- 
 cial, 1877-80, and was ordained a Congre- 
 gational minister in 1880. He occupied pul- 
 pits in St. Louis and Chicago. In addition to 
 being the editor-in-chief of The Advance 
 from 1903 until his death, he wrote a large 
 number of religious tracts. His death oc- 
 curred in Chicago. All three of the titles be- 
 low were published under the pen name 
 Grapho. 
 Colonel Hungerford's Daughter. Story of an 
 
 American Girl, Chicago, 1896. 
 Victoria; Maid-Matron-Monarch, Chicago, 
 
 1901. 
 A Progressive Teacher, Chicago, 1917. 
 
 ADAMS, JAMES BARTON (April 17, 1843- 
 Oct. 22, 1918), was born in Somerset, Jeffer- 
 son County. He was educated at Richmond, 
 Jefferson County, and at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 
 where his parents moved in 1854. He served 
 throughout the Civil War with Iowa troops 
 and after the war was a member of the 
 scouts that protected the construction crews 
 of the Union Pacific. He was at various times 
 a cowboy, a peace officer, a reporter on the 
 Denver Post, and a miner. He died at Van- 
 couver, Wash. 
 Breezy Western Verse, [Denver?], 1898. 
 
 ADAMS, RUFUS W. (?-?), probably an 
 itinerant schoolteacher from Vermont, is be- 
 lieved to have arrived at Marietta about 
 1810. In 1815 his Young Gentleman and 
 Lady's Monitor was published in Zanesville. 
 It is described on the title page as the "Sec- 
 ond edition revised and corrected," and was 
 copyrighted in 1814. It filled a great need 
 and won the praise of leading Ohio Valley 
 educators; by 1818 three more editions had 
 been published. It seems quite possible that 
 an edition prior to that printed in Zanesville 
 in 1815 was published in Ohio but no copy is 
 
Adney 
 
 known to exist, and Adams had previously 
 published the same work in Vermont. On 
 the title page of this and other known works 
 Adams refers to himself as the author of 
 Juvenile Rambler. No trace of this work has 
 been found. 
 The Young Gentleman and Lady's Explana- 
 
 tpry Monitor .... Danville, Vt., 1808. 
 A Dissertation. Designed for the Yeomanry 
 of the Western Country. Containing a 
 Correct Description of the Best Method 
 of Making Butter and Cheese . . . , Mari- 
 etta, [1813]. 
 The Farmer's Assistant, Containing a Com- 
 plete Description of the Best Methods of 
 Raising and Keeping Cows, & Making 
 Butter and Cheese . . . , Marietta, 1814. 
 
 ADAMS, SEYMOUR WEBSTER (1815- 
 Sept. 24, 1864), clergyman, was born in 
 Vernon, N. Y. He was pastor of the First 
 Baptist Church, Cleveland, and his death oc- 
 curred in that city. 
 
 Memoirs of Rev. Nathaniel Kendrick, D.D., 
 and Silas N. Kendrick, Philadelphia, 1860. 
 
 ADAMS, WILLIAM EDWARD (Oct. 15, 
 1866-March 14, 1946), educator, was born 
 in Medina, Medina County. He attended 
 Hiram College and the Cleveland School of 
 Expression. He served as head of the de- 
 partment of speech, Hiram College 1893— 
 97. Ordained to the ministry of the Disciples 
 of Christ Church, he served in various states 
 for twenty years and afterward was head of 
 the department of speech at Spokane Uni- 
 versity, 1921-30, and at Whitworth College, 
 Spokane, 1930-34. He published a volume 
 of verse: Pegasus and Company, Limited 
 . . . , Spokane, Wash., 1939. WW 21 
 
 ADAMS, WILLIAM LYSANDER (Feb. 5, 
 1821-April 26, 1906), was born in Paines- 
 ville, Lake County. In their search for 
 greener pastures his Vermont parents settled 
 in Galesburg, 111., where he received his early 
 education. For a time he studied for the 
 ministry under Alexander Campbell at Beth- 
 any, Va., but abandoning the idea of be- 
 coming a preacher, he went to Oregon in 
 1848, where he farmed, taught school, and 
 wrote for the newspapers. His first book, A 
 Melodrame, published under the pen name 
 Breakspear, was a merciless political satire, 
 wherein he flayed the leading Democrats of 
 the time, imputing to them the treasonable 
 design of detaching Oregon from the United 
 States. Buying the newspaper plant of the 
 defunct Oregon Spectator in 1855, he estab- 
 lished the Oregon Argus at Oregon City, 
 which he continued until President Lincoln 
 appointed him collector of the port of As- 
 
 toria in 1861. After studying medicine in 
 Philadelphia, he began practicing in Port- 
 land in 1873. He then established a sani- 
 tarium at Hood River, Ore. He was one of 
 the founders of the Republican Party in Ore- 
 gon. It has been said that "as a Republican 
 editor he was more feared and more hated 
 than any man of his day in Oregon . . . 
 'dreaded by his foes and not greatly loved 
 by his friends.' " He died in Portland. 
 A Melodrame Entitled "Treason, Stratagems, 
 
 and Spoils," in Five Acts, [Portland, 
 
 Oreg., 1852]. 
 Oregon As It Is; Its Present and Future 
 
 Portland, Oreg., 1873. 
 History of Medicine and Surgery from the 
 
 Earliest Times, Portland, Oreg., 1888. 
 
 ADDINGTON, SARAH (April 6, 1891- 
 Nov. 7, 1940), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She graduated from Earl- 
 ham College in 1912. After marrying How- 
 ard C. Reid in 1917, she lived in New York 
 City. She published a number of juvenile 
 books, e.g., Pudding Lane People, Boston, 
 1926. WWW 1 
 
 ADDIS, HAROLD AHMED NOUREDDIN 
 
 (Oct. 6, 1884-Dec, 1958), was born in 
 Washington County. He attended Ohio State 
 University. A resident of California, he was 
 interested in prehistoric man, published short 
 stories in various periodicals, and also pub- 
 lished a collection of verse: Arrow of 
 Flame, Pasadena, Calif., 1946. WWNAA 7 
 
 ADDIS, HUGH (July 6, 1909- ), was 
 born in Chesterhill, Morgan County. He was 
 educated in California and now lives in Si- 
 erra Madre. His writings include a mystery 
 story: Dark Voyage, New York, 1944. 
 
 ADDIS, THOMAS. Pseud. See Michael Mc- 
 Alister. 
 
 ADLER, FREDERICK HENRY HERBERT 
 
 (Oct. 3, 1885-Dec. 26, 1959), educator, was 
 born in Chicago. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University in 1909 and the University 
 of Illinois (Ph.D.) in 1913. After teaching 
 English for brief periods at several univer- 
 sities, including Ohio State University and 
 Case Institute of Technology, he joined the 
 Western Reserve University faculty in 1911 
 and served until 1956. Active in poetry or- 
 ganizations, he published numerous poems 
 in periodicals and also published several 
 collections, e.g., Leaven for Loaves, New 
 York, 1927. WW 30 
 
 ADNEY, EDWIN TAPPAN (July 13, 1868- 
 Oct. 10, 1950), woodcarver, painter, writer, 
 and adventurer, was born in Athens, Athens 
 
Affleck 
 
 County. He attended the University of North 
 Carolina for a few months in 1881 and stud- 
 ied at the Art Students' League in New York 
 for three years. He wrote a large number of 
 magazine articles on a wide range of sub- 
 jects — outdoor life, archaeology, the North 
 American Indian, heraldry, and ethnology — 
 and also supplied illustrations for the works 
 of others. His firsthand study of Indians be- 
 gan during a trip to New Brunswick in 1887, 
 and within a few years he became known 
 throughout Canada and the United States 
 as an outstanding authority on the Indians of 
 Canada. Because of his intimate knowledge 
 of the Indians, and their canoes in particular, 
 he was chosen by the Hudson Bay Com- 
 pany to collaborate with Adam Scott in 
 painting the large murals which adorn Hud- 
 son Bay House in Winnipeg. He covered 
 the Klondike gold rush in 1897-98 for the 
 London Chronicle and Harper's Weekly. He 
 designed and carved the superlative over- 
 mantels in the Chateau Frontenac at Que- 
 bec. Despite these and many other note- 
 worthy activities he found time to indulge in 
 intensive genealogical research. He died near 
 Upper Woodstock, Canada. 
 The Klondike Stampede, New York, 1900. 
 Harper's Outdoor Book for Boys, New York, 
 1908. 
 
 AFFLECK, THOMAS (July 13, 1812-Dec. 
 30, 1868), agriculturist, born in Dumfries, 
 Scotland, came to America in 1832. From 
 1840 to 1842 he was junior editor of Western 
 Farmer and Gardener, published in Cin- 
 cinnati. He then moved to Mississippi and 
 subsequently to Texas. As an advocate of 
 diversified farming in the South, he published 
 articles and almanacs. He also wrote Bee 
 Breeding in the West, Cincinnati, 1841. 
 
 AGATE. Pseud. See Whitelaw Reid. 
 
 AGEE, ALVA (Oct. 1, 1858-Dec. 10, 1943), 
 agriculturist and educator, was born in 
 Cheshire, Gallia County. He attended Mari- 
 etta College and University of Wooster and 
 afterward served in the agriculture depart- 
 ments of Pennsylvania State College and 
 Rutgers University. He lectured widely on 
 farming, contributed numerous articles to 
 agricultural periodicals, and published sev- 
 eral books, e.g., Crops and Methods for Soil 
 Improvement, New York, 1912. WWW 1 
 
 AGGER, EUGENE EWALD (Dec. 4, 1879- 
 ), educator, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. After graduating from the 
 University of Cincinnati in 1901 and Colum- 
 bia University (Ph.D.) in 1907, he taught 
 economics at Columbia, 1907-26, and at 
 
 Rutgers University, 1926-50. He has written 
 articles and books on economic questions, 
 e.g., Money and Banking Today, New York, 
 [1941]. WWNAA 7 
 
 AHRENDTS, MARINDA BAINES (Aug. 28, 
 1877-Jan. 29, 1935), was born near Barnes- 
 ville, Belmont County, the town in which she 
 spent her life. After her death her husband 
 published a memorial volume of her verse: 
 Thru the Door and Other Poems, East Au- 
 rora, N. Y, 1935. 
 
 AIKEN, SAMUEL CLARK (Sept. 21, 1790- 
 Jan. 1, 1879), clergyman, was born in Wind- 
 ham, Vt. In 1835 he came to Cleveland's 
 famous Old Stone Church as its first perma- 
 nent pastor. Although occasionally under 
 attack for his conservative attitude on slav- 
 ery, he became one of the city's outstanding 
 civic leaders. His discourse, "Moral View of 
 Railroads . . . ," delivered upon the comple- 
 tion of the Cleveland and Columbus Rail- 
 road in 1851, is a masterpiece of naivete; 
 for therein he expressed the belief that rail- 
 roads would prevent war by bringing nations 
 together, that they would not be operated on 
 the Sabbath Day since only Christian gentle- 
 men would be on the directorates, and that 
 no liquor would be sold on them. He re- 
 signed his pulpit in 1861. His death occurred 
 in Cleveland. 
 
 The Laws of Ohio in Respect to the Colored 
 People, Shown to Be Unequal, Unjust 
 and Unconstitutional, Cleveland, 1845. 
 
 AKELEY, MARY JOBE (Jan. 29, 1886- 
 ), was born near Tappan, Harrison 
 County. A graduate of Scio College, she has 
 made exploring expeditions to Africa and 
 Canada. Her husband, Carl E. Akeley, died 
 in 1926 while leading an expedition to the 
 Belgian Congo for the American Museum of 
 Natural History; Mrs. Akeley took charge 
 of the expedition after his death. She has lec- 
 tured widely, has taught at Hunter College, 
 and has operated a summer camp at Mystic, 
 Conn. Her writings include Restless Jungle, 
 New York, [1936]. WW 29 
 
 AKERS, LEWIS ROBESON (Aug. 25, 1881- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Asheville, 
 N. C. He graduated from Asbury College, 
 Wilmore, Ky., in 1903 and was ordained to 
 the Methodist ministry in 1904. He served 
 several Ohio pastorates: Conesville, Nevada, 
 Willard, Sebring, Ashland, and Steubenville. 
 He now lives in Norfolk, Va. He has pub- 
 lished, among other books, a collection of 
 lectures: The Red Road to Royalty . . . , 
 New York, [1927]. WW 24 
 
Alden, C. S. 
 
 AKERS, WILLIAM JOSEPH (Aug. 2, 1845- 
 March 23, 1917), hotel proprietor, was born 
 in Manchester, England. His family migrated 
 to America in 1847, and his father soon es- 
 tablished himself as a leading contractor in 
 Cleveland. His father's fortune dwindled, 
 however, in the panic of 1857, and William 
 was forced to go to work in a blacksmith 
 shop at the age of thirteen. In 1865 he began 
 working in the Union Depot restaurant, and 
 from that time his main interest was the 
 hotel and restaurant business. He is best re- 
 membered in Cleveland as proprietor of the 
 Forest City House. He was active in civic 
 affairs and charitable projects. His only pub- 
 lished book was a history of Cleveland 
 schools: Cleveland Schools in the 19th Cen- 
 tury, Cleveland, 1901. 
 
 ALBACH, JAMES R. (July 30, 1797-April 
 20, 1865), was born in Hunterdon, N. J. 
 During the early years of his life, while en- 
 gaged in the profession of teaching, he trav- 
 eled through the West. In 1857 he published 
 Annals of the West, a substantial enlarge- 
 ment of the work originally written by James 
 H. Perkins (q.v.). In 1850 it had been some- 
 what enlarged and revised by J. M. Peck, 
 but Albach's travels and observations en- 
 abled him to so expand the work that it 
 became a veritable encyclopedia of events 
 connected with the history of the Ohio Val- 
 ley. He spent the last twelve years of his 
 life in Oxford, Butler County. 
 Annals of the West: Embracing a Concise 
 Account of the Principal Events Which 
 Have Occurred in the Western States and 
 Territories, from the Discovery of the 
 Mississippi Valley to the Year 1856, Pitts- 
 burgh, 1856. 
 
 ALBAUGH, BENJAMIN F. (1836-1917), 
 was born in West Milton, Miami County. 
 He was a farmer and horticulturist and for 
 over thirty years lectured on these and allied 
 subjects. He wrote The Gardenette, [Piqua], 
 1912. 
 
 ALBAUGH, DOROTHY PRISCILLA (Mrs. 
 Charles B. Stickell) (July 8, 1903- ), 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County. She 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1925 and has also done graduate work at 
 Ohio State University. She now lives in 
 Richwood, Union County. Under her maiden 
 name she has published poems, articles, and 
 short stories in various anthologies, maga- 
 zines, and newspapers. She has also pub- 
 lished three collections of verse, e.g., By 
 Quill and Candlelight, [Worthington?, 1947]. 
 
 ALBAUGH, NOAH H. (May 22, 1834- 
 Aug. 31, 1907), was born in Miami County. 
 He began teaching school in 1851. In 1858 
 he started a small nursery in Miami County, 
 and within fifteen years he had branch nur- 
 series in Illinois, Kansas, and Wisconsin. The 
 book of poems below is his only publica- 
 tion. He died in Phoneton. 
 Wayside Blossoms, Dayton, 1885. 
 
 ALBEE, HELEN RICKEY (Mrs. John) 
 (March 15, 1864-Oct. 14, 1939), was born 
 in Dayton, Montgomery County, the daugh- 
 ter of James Rickey, the city's leading book- 
 seller. She attended Dayton public schools 
 and studied designing in New York. In 1897 
 she established the Abnakee Rug Industry, 
 said to have been the first rural industry in 
 America to develop rug-making as a handi- 
 craft. She lived in New Hampshire. She 
 contributed many articles to periodicals on 
 subjects relating to handicrafts and horticul- 
 ture. 
 
 Mountain Playmates, New York, 1900. 
 Abnakee Rugs, Cambridge, Mass., 1901. 
 Hardy Plants for Cottage Gardens, New 
 
 York, 1910. 
 The Gleam, New York, 1911. 
 A Kingdom of Two, New York, 1913. 
 
 ALBERRY, FAXON FRANKLIN DUANE 
 
 (Dec. 3, 1848-Jan. 18, 1930), lawyer, was 
 born in Franklin County. He attended high 
 school in Columbus and studied law and 
 philosophy in Berlin and Leipzig. He was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar in 1873 and prac- 
 ticed in Columbus. He was professor of law 
 at Ohio State University, 1896-1900. His 
 writings include Michael Ryan, Capitalist 
 .... Columbus, 1913. 
 
 ALBRIGHT, EVELYN MAY (May 1, 1880- 
 April 19, 1942), educator, was born in Sid- 
 ney, Shelby County. She graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1898 and the 
 University of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1915. She 
 served on the faculty of Ohio Wesleyan, 
 1900-11, and after 1915 taught at the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago. She published several 
 texts on creative writing, professional ar- 
 ticles on Spenser and Shakespeare, and 
 Dramatic Publication in England, 1580- 
 1640 ... , New York, 1927. WW 6 
 
 ALDEN, CARROLL STORRS (March 15, 
 1876- ), educator, was born in Medina, 
 Medina County. He earned a Ph.D. at Yale 
 in 1903 and in 1904 joined the faculty of 
 the U. S. Naval Academy, where he taught 
 until his retirement in 1941. He still lives in 
 Annapolis. He has written textbooks for use 
 at the Academy, historical studies of the 
 
Alden, I. M. 
 
 navy, and a biography: Lawrence Kearny, 
 Sailor Diplomat, Princeton, 1936. WW 26 
 
 ALDEN, ISABELLA MacDONALD (Nov. 3, 
 1841-Aug. 5, 1930), was born in Rochester, 
 N. Y. Following her marriage in 1866 to 
 Gustavus Rosenberg Alden, a young Presby- 
 terian minister, she lived for several years in 
 Cincinnati. Under the pen name Pansy she 
 wrote a multitude of Sunday School books, 
 e.g., Three People, Cincinnati, 1871. 
 
 ALDRICH, FRED HAMPTON (Sept. 11, 
 1861-April 27, 1944), lawyer, son of Julia 
 Carter Aldrich (q.v.), was born near Wau- 
 seon, Fulton County. After spending three 
 years at Adrian College, he read law and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1883. He prac- 
 ticed in Cadillac, Mich., and served two 
 terms as circuit court judge. In 1900 he 
 moved to Detroit, where he practiced and 
 taught at the Detroit College of Law until 
 his death. He wrote a number of legal 
 treatises and World Peace or Principles of 
 International Law in Their Application to 
 Efforts for the Preservation of the Peace 
 of the World, Detroit, 1921. 
 
 ALDRICH, JULIA CARTER (Jan. 28, 1834- 
 Aug. 26, 1924), was born in Liverpool, 
 Medina County. She taught in district 
 schools, and in 1854 she married Joseph 
 Aldrich of New York. Much of her life was 
 spent in Wauseon, Fulton County. 
 Hazel Bloom, Buffalo, 1899. 
 A Memory of Eighteen Hundred Sixty-five; 
 A Tribute to Abraham Lincoln . . . , Wau- 
 seon, 1914. 
 
 ALEXANDER, DE ALVA STANWOOD (July 
 17, 1845-Jan. 30, 1925), was born in Maine 
 but was brought to Ohio when he was seven 
 years old. He enlisted in the 128th O.V.I, 
 when he was sixteen and served throughout 
 the Civil War. At the close of the war he 
 returned to Maine to complete his education 
 and then settled in Indiana. He published a 
 family history, political speeches, and bio- 
 graphical and historical studies, e.g., A 
 Political History of the State of New York, 
 New York, 1906. 
 
 ALEXANDER, JOHN EDMISTON (June 2, 
 1815-1901), clergyman and educator, was 
 born near Lewiston, Pa. He graduated from 
 Jefferson College in 1839 and was ordained 
 to the Presbyterian ministry in 1843. He 
 served as a school principal and as a pastor 
 in Ohio during the 1850s and 1860s. He was 
 president of Washington College, Tenn., 
 1877-83. He wrote a family history and A 
 Historical Sketch of Washington College, 
 Tennessee, [Bristol, Tenn.], 1902. 
 
 ALEXANDER, JOHN ROMICH (May 23, 
 1849-April 16, 1940), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Wooster, Wayne County. 
 After graduating from Ohio Central College 
 in 1871 and Xenia Theological Seminary in 
 1874, he was ordained to the ministry of the 
 United Presbyterian Church. From 1875 un- 
 til his retirement in 1917, he was a mission- 
 ary and teacher in Egypt. His writings in- 
 clude The Truth about Egypt, New York, 
 1911. WWW 3 
 
 ALEXANDER, ROBERT (June 15, 1837- 
 Feb. 27, 1901), clergyman, was born in Bel- 
 mont County. He graduated from Washing- 
 ton College, Pa., in 1855 and studied at 
 Princeton Theological Seminary. After being 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 
 1860, he occupied a pulpit in Lancaster 
 County, Pa., until 1866, when he became 
 pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in 
 St. Clairsville, in which capacity he served 
 from 1867 to 1899. He died in Philadelphia. 
 Historical Sketch of the First Presbyterian 
 Church in St. Clairsville . . . , Wheeling, 
 W. Va., 1869. 
 
 ALEXIS. Pseud. See John M. Leavitt. 
 
 ALEY, HOWARD C. (Jan. 12, 1911- ), 
 educator, was born in Youngstown, Mahon- 
 ing County. He graduated from Youngstown 
 College in 1935 and has done graduate work 
 at the University of Pittsburgh. He is a 
 teacher in Wilson High School and has edited 
 a number of educational publications for the 
 Youngstown schools. His books include a 
 centennial history of the Mahoning County 
 Agricultural Society: The First Hundred 
 Years . . . , [Youngstown], 1946. 
 
 ALGER, RUSSELL ALEXANDER (Feb. 27, 
 1836-Jan. 24, 1907), was born in Medina 
 County. He attended Richfield Academy, 
 studied law in Akron, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1859. In the same year he removed 
 to Grand Rapids, Mich., and engaged in the 
 lumber business. In Aug., 1861, he enlisted 
 in the army as a private. He was discharged 
 with the rank of colonel Sept. 20, 1864, sub- 
 sequently being given the brevet rank of 
 brigadier general and then of major general 
 of volunteers. Resuming his business in De- 
 troit, he acquired a large fortune and served 
 one term as governor of Michigan. In 1889 
 he became national commander of the Grand 
 Army of the Republic. President McKinley 
 appointed him to his cabinet as Secretary of 
 War on March 5, 1897. His wholly inept ad- 
 ministration of this office left a long trail 
 through the newspapers and critical litera- 
 ture dealing with the war with Spain. He 
 resigned under fire in July, 1899, and wrote 
 
Allen, Hans V. N. 
 
 his Spanish-American War by way of an 
 apologia. He became senator from Michigan 
 in 1902, but died before the expiration of his 
 term of office. 
 
 Eulogy on the Late General Philip H. Sheri- 
 dan Detroit, 1888. 
 
 The Spanish-American War, New York, 
 1901. 
 
 ALLARDICE, JAMES BURNS (March 21, 
 1919- ), was born in Canton, Stark 
 County. He graduated from the College of 
 Wooster in 1941. A free-lance writer for 
 motion pictures and television, he now lives 
 in Van Nuys. Calif. He wrote a play which 
 was produced in 1949 and published the fol- 
 lowing year: At War with the Army, New 
 York. [1950]. 
 
 ALLBECK, WILLARD DOW (Oct. 5. 1898- 
 ), theologian, was born in Millville, Pa. 
 He was ordained to the Lutheran ministry in 
 1922 and since 1937 has been professor 
 of historical theology at Hamma Divinity 
 School, Springfield. He has published numer- 
 ous articles and reviews and Theology at 
 Wittenberg . . . , Springfield, 1946. WW 30 
 
 ALLEN, ABEL LEIGHTON (Jan. 25, 1850- 
 Dec. 8, 1927), lawyer, was born in Kenton. 
 Hardin County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1875 and Cincinnati 
 Law School in 1877 and afterward practiced 
 in Chicago. He wrote The Message of New 
 Thought, New York. [1914]. WWW 1 
 
 ALLEN, ADAM. Pseud. See Beryl Williams. 
 
 ALLEN, DON. Pseud. See Hiram L. True. 
 
 ALLEN, EMORY ADAMS (1853-1933?), 
 publisher, was born in Cincinnati. Hamilton 
 County. Little is known concerning this 
 rather prolific author and Cincinnati book 
 publisher. He was the junior partner in the 
 Central Publishing House from 1879 through 
 1915, associated with Smith C. Ferguson. He 
 is reported to have died in Prague, Czecho- 
 slovakia. 
 
 Golden Gems of Life, (with Smith C. Fer- 
 guson), Cincinnati, 1880. 
 The Prehistoric World: Or, Vanished Races, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1885. 
 History of Civilization, 4 vols., Cincinnati, 
 
 1887-89. 
 Scenes Abroad . . . , Cincinnati. 1890. 
 Labor and Capital . . . , Cincinnati, [1891]. 
 The Life and Public Services of James Bair 
 
 Weaver . . . , [n.p., 1892]. 
 The Readv Cotton Reckoner, Cincinnati, 
 
 1896. 
 The Planter's Guide . . . , Cincinnati, 1902. 
 
 Gems of Immortality . . . , Cincinnati, [1909]. 
 Our Canal in Panama . . . , Cincinnati, 1913. 
 
 ALLEN, ETHAN (Jan. 1. 1904- ). base- 
 ball player and coach, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. In 1927 he gradu- 
 ated from the University of Cincinnati, 
 where he excelled in sports. He was signed 
 by the Cincinnati Reds and also played with 
 several other major league teams before his 
 retirement in 1938. He joined the National 
 League public relations department in 1938, 
 was a sports commentator, and served in 
 Special Services during World War II. In 
 1946 he became head baseball coach at Yale 
 University. He has published several books 
 on baseball, e.g., Winning Baseball, New 
 York, [1942]. 
 
 ALLEN. FLORENCE ELLINWOOD (March 
 23, 1884- ), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in Salt Lake City, Utah. She attended New 
 Lyme Institute, Ashtabula County, and 
 graduated from Western Reserve University 
 in 1904 and from the law school of New 
 York University in 1913. She was music 
 editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, 1906- 
 09. In 1914 she began the practice of law in 
 Cleveland. She has served as judge of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, 1920-22, as a jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. 1922-34, 
 and as a judge of the U. S. Circuit Court of 
 Appeals, 1934-59. She has published numer- 
 ous articles and two books: Patris, Cleve- 
 land. 1908, and This Constitution of Ours, 
 New York, [1940]. WW 30 
 
 ALLEN, FREDERICK DE FOREST (May 
 25, 1844-Aug. 4, 1897), educator, was born 
 in Oberlin, Lorain County. He graduated 
 from Oberlin College in 1863 and taught 
 school until 1866, when he was appointed 
 professor of Greek and Latin at the Univer- 
 sity of East Tennessee. In 1874 he was called 
 to the University of Cincinnati, and while 
 there he found time to prepare his excellent 
 edition of the Medea of Euripides and his 
 important Remnants of Early Latin. He ac- 
 cepted a call to Harvard in 1880 to be pro- 
 fessor of classical philology. 
 Remnants of Early Latin . . . , Boston, 1880. 
 
 ALLEN, HANS VAN NES (1914- ), was 
 born in Glendale. Hamilton County. At the 
 age of eighteen he went to Africa with a 
 medical missionary. On his return he at- 
 tended college and worked on the Cincin- 
 nati Times-Star. He served in World War II 
 and is now an investment broker in Tulsa, 
 Okla. He wrote an account of his African 
 experiences: / Found Africa, Indianapolis, 
 [1939]. 
 
Allen, Horace N. 
 
 8 
 
 ALLEN, HORACE NEWTON (April 23, 
 1858-Dec. 11, 1932), missionary and diplo- 
 mat, was born in Delaware, Delaware 
 County. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1881 and Miami Medical Col- 
 lege in 1883. He went to Korea in 1884 as 
 a medical missionary of the Presbyterian 
 Church. After saving the life of a prince and 
 others in a revolution, he became medical 
 officer to the Korean Court. He served as 
 secretary to the U. S. legation, 1890-97, as 
 minister and consul general, 1897-1901, and 
 as envoy extraordinary and minister pleni- 
 potentiary, 1901-05. He died in Toledo. 
 Korean Tales . . . , London, 1889. 
 A Chronological Index of Korean Foreign 
 Intercourse from the Beginning of the 
 Christian Era to 20th Century, Seoul, 
 1901. 
 Things Korean . . . , New York, 1908. 
 
 ALLEN, HUGH (July 4, 1882- ), jour- 
 nalist, was born in Washington Court House, 
 Fayette County. He was educated at the 
 University of Michigan. He became a jour- 
 nalist and from 1920 to 1926 edited the 
 Akron Beacon-Journal. In 1926 he joined 
 the public relations department of Goodrich 
 Tire and Rubber Co. He now lives in St. 
 Louis, Mo. He has written several books, 
 e.g., Rubber's Home Town. The Real-Life 
 Story of Akron, New York, 1949. 
 
 ALLEN, IRA WILDER (1827-Dec, 1896), 
 educator, was professor of mathematics, as- 
 tronomy, and civil engineering at Antioch 
 College. He was a member of the original 
 faculty and was a thorn in the side of Horace 
 Mann (q.v. ). In 1860 he was living in Sid- 
 ney, but later moved to Lafayette, Ind. He 
 died in Chicago. 
 
 A Collection of Facts. History of the Rise, 
 Difficulties & Suspension of Antioch Col- 
 lege . . . , Columbus, 1858. 
 
 Sporting News. He is now historian of the 
 National Baseball Hall of Fame and Mu- 
 seum, Cooperstown, N. Y. He has published 
 a history of baseball and a history of the 
 Cincinnati Reds: The Cincinnati Reds, New 
 York, [1948]. 
 
 ALLEN, MARY WOOD. See Mary Wood- 
 Allen. 
 
 ALLEN, MAURICE E. (June 22, 1886- ), 
 lawyer, was born in Seoul, Korea. He gradu- 
 ated from Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
 nology in 1908 and the University of Michi- 
 gan law school in 1911. After completing 
 his legal studies, he came to Toledo and 
 practiced there until his retirement. He now 
 lives in Santa Monica, Calif. He has pub- 
 lished a volume of poems: Mixed Cargo, 
 San Diego, 1931. OBB 
 
 ALLEN, PHILIP. Pseud. See Edmond M. 
 Hamilton. 
 
 ALLEN, WILLIAM ALONZO ("Montana 
 
 Allen") (Sept. 2. 1848-Jan. 27, 1944), was 
 born in Summerfield, Noble County. A crack 
 shot and an outstanding Indian fighter, he 
 was one of the founders of Billings, Mont., 
 and besides being a stock-raiser he served on 
 occasion as dentist, blacksmith, and express 
 messenger. His autobiography is an account 
 of his colorful career: Adventures with 
 Indians and Game, or Twenty Years in the 
 Rocky Mountains, Chicago, 1903. 
 
 ALLENSWORTH, CARL (July 19, 1908- 
 ), was born in Canton, Stark County. 
 He graduated from Canton McKinley High 
 School and Oberlin College and studied 
 drama at Yale University. He now lives in 
 Mamaroneck, N. Y. He has written one-act 
 plays, including Village Green produced in 
 1941 with Frank Craven as star: Village 
 Green, [New York, 1941]. 
 
 ALLEN, JAMES TURNEY (Sept. 14, 1873- 
 Sept. 29, 1949), philologist, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He graduated 
 from Pomona College in 1895 and Yale Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1898. He served on the 
 faculty of the University of California, 
 1898-1943. His writings include a Greek 
 textbook, archaeological and philological ar- 
 ticles, and Stage Antiquities of the Greeks 
 and Romans . . . , New York, 1927. WWW 2 
 
 ALLEN, LEE (Jan. 12, 1915- ), journal- 
 
 ist, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from Kenyon College 
 in 1937, held several publicity and broad- 
 casting positions, and wrote on baseball for 
 
 ALLING, ETHAN (Aug. 13, 1800-April 22, 
 1868), was born in North Milford, Conn. 
 He came to the Western Reserve with his 
 father in 1817; they made the first settlement 
 on the site of what is now Twinsburg. He 
 built a hotel, operated a stage line, and later 
 opened a store in Twinsburg. In collabora- 
 tion with Luman Lane (q.v.), he wrote a 
 splendid account of his pioneer experiences. 
 Locust Grove Cemetery. Twinsburgh, from 
 
 1817, by Ethan Ailing, and from 1820, by 
 
 Luman Lane, Akron, 1861. 
 
 ALLISON, DAVID P. (April 8, 1886-?), 
 journalist, was born in Greenfield, Highland 
 County. He left Ohio while a boy and after- 
 
Altgeld, J. P. 
 
 ward was a newspaperman in North Caro- 
 lina for many years. He is deceased, but the 
 date of his death has not been found. He 
 published at least five novels, e.g., The Fifth 
 of the Medlocks, Grand Rapids, Mich., 
 1940. 
 
 ALLISON, EDWIN HENRY (March 16, 
 1847-1919), was born in Macomb County, 
 Mich. He served throughout the Civil War 
 and in 1867 went to Dakota Territory, where 
 he married into the Brule tribe and is said 
 to have had several Sioux wives. He was 
 largely responsible for the surrender of the 
 hostile Indians in 1881 which saved the na- 
 tion years of bloody border warfare. He 
 was a frequent visitor to Dayton, where his 
 story was published in 1891, and lived in 
 that city for a time. He was appointed a sub- 
 stitute on the Dayton police force, Nov. 20, 
 
 1891, was given a regular appointment the 
 following May, and served until Nov. 23, 
 
 1892. Subsequently he is recorded in the 
 city directories as an "author" and as a "lec- 
 turer." He apparently left Dayton about 
 1898. His last days were spent in Pierre, 
 S. D. 
 
 The Surrender of Sitting Bull, Being a Full 
 and Complete History of the Negotiations 
 Conducted by Scout Allison Which Re- 
 sulted in the Surrender of Sitting Bull and 
 Entire Band of Hostile Sioux in 1881. A 
 Vivid Description of Indian Life, and 
 Thrilling Adventure . . . , Dayton, 1891. 
 
 ALLYN, EUNICE ELOISAE GIBBS (?-?), 
 journalist, was born near Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. She was Washington corre- 
 spondent of the Chicago Inter-Ocean, a 
 writer for the St. Louis Globe and the New 
 York World, and also won distinction as an 
 artist and a lecturer. 
 
 One Thousand Smiles, [Dubuque, 1898]. 
 The Cats' Convention, New York, 1909. 
 
 ALPHA. Pseud. See Sara T. Drukker. 
 
 ALTGELD, EMMA FORD (1849-March 29, 
 1915), was born in Richland County. The 
 daughter of John Ford, a wealthy farmer, 
 she was educated at Oberlin College, where 
 she developed considerable ability as a mu- 
 sician. She married John Peter Altgeld (q.v.) 
 Nov. 21, 1877. The bitterness of the attacks 
 upon her husband following his pardon of 
 the participants in the Chicago Haymarket 
 riot brought on a nervous breakdown. When 
 Altgeld took the stump for re-election, she 
 worried greatly over the bitterness of the 
 campaign. When the returns showed that her 
 husband had been defeated, Mrs. Altgeld 
 became afflicted with a nervous malady from 
 
 which she never recovered. Following the 
 death of her husband it was learned that his 
 fortune had been dissipated in real-estate 
 speculations. Friends in Illinois took up 
 subscriptions totaling $10,000 to provide for 
 her relief. She died in Chicago. 
 
 Sarah's Choice; Or, the Norton Family, 
 Chicago, 1887. 
 
 ALTGELD, JOHN PETER (Dec. 30, 1847- 
 March 12, 1902), was born in Nassau, Ger- 
 many. He was the son of an illiterate and in- 
 digent peasant, who brought his family to 
 Richland County in 1848. The Altgelds were 
 one of a number of German families who 
 settled in the vicinity at the time, all of whom 
 prospered. The elder Altgeld became a ten- 
 ant farmer who in little more than a decade 
 became the owner of one of the better farms 
 in an area noted for its rich farmlands. If 
 the boyhood of John Peter Altgeld was one 
 of drudgery, it was no worse and certainly 
 in some respects better than the lot of the 
 average farmer's son of those days; he not 
 only attended the local country school, but 
 was permitted to attend high school in neigh- 
 boring Mansfield. He served briefly in an 
 Ohio regiment in 1864, and after returning 
 home studied law and taught school. In 1869 
 he went to Darke County, then drifted West, 
 finally locating in northwestern Missouri, 
 where he practiced law. In 1874 he was 
 elected state's attorney of Andrew County, 
 Mo., but within a year resigned and moved 
 to Chicago. On Nov. 21, 1877, he married 
 his childhood sweetheart, Emma Ford (see 
 Emma Ford Altgeld), the daughter of a 
 wealthy farmer of Richland County who had 
 recently died. With the settlement of her fa- 
 ther's estate Altgeld plunged into real-estate 
 speculation and accumulated a large fortune 
 which he later lost, leaving his wife penniless 
 at the time of his death. In 1886 he was 
 elected to the superior court of Cook County 
 and resigned as chief justice of that court in 
 1891. He was elected governor of Illinois in 
 1892; on taking office he lost no time in put- 
 ting into effect many of the reforms which 
 he had advocated. However, although it out- 
 raged public opinion at the time, his reputa- 
 tion as governor is based upon his pardon 
 of the alleged anarchistic agitators who had 
 been convicted of participating in the events 
 which led to the killings in the Chicago Hay- 
 market riot of May 4, 1886. These pardons 
 were granted on June 26, 1893, and his brief 
 of reasons which accompanied them gains 
 weight over the years. It was the consensus 
 of informed observers at the time that, but 
 for his alien birth, Altgeld would have been 
 the Democratic candidate for the Presidency 
 instead of William Jennings Bryan. He was 
 
Alter 
 
 10 
 
 renominated for the office of governor in 
 1896, and though he ran far ahead of the 
 Democratic Presidential ticket he was de- 
 feated. A consummate politician, his career 
 was a complete refutation of his expressed 
 views that the poor and unfortunate had less 
 than a fair chance in American life. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Live Questions: Including Our Penal Ma- 
 chinery and Its Victims, Chicago, 1890. 
 Reasons for Pardoning Felden, Neebe and 
 
 Schwab, [Chicago. 1893]. 
 Live Questions . . . Comprising His Papers, 
 Speeches and Interviews . . . , Chicago, 
 1899. 
 Oratory; Its Requirements and Its Rewards, 
 
 Chicago, 1901. 
 The Cost of Something for Nothing, Chicago, 
 1904. 
 
 ALTER, KARL JOSEPH (Aug. 18, 1885- 
 ), archbishop of Cincinnati, was born 
 in Toledo, Lucas County. He graduated from 
 St. John's College, Toledo, and from St. 
 Mary's Seminary, Cleveland. After being 
 ordained a Catholic priest, he served 
 churches in Leipsic and Lima, 1910-14, and 
 was director of Catholic Charities, Toledo, 
 1914-19. He was consecrated bishop of To- 
 ledo in 1931 and archbishop of Cincinnati 
 in 1950. He has published a collection of 
 lectures and essays: A Bishop's Rostrum, 
 Milwaukee, [1946]. CWW 11 
 
 ALTICK, RICHARD DANIEL (Sept. 19, 
 1915- ), educator, was born in Lancas- 
 
 ter, Pa. He graduated from Franklin and 
 Marshall College in 1936 and the University 
 of Pennsylvania (Ph.D.) in 1941. He has 
 been a member of the English department, 
 Ohio State University, since 1945. He has 
 written magazine articles, textbooks, and 
 The Scholar Adventurers, New York, 1950. 
 DAS 3 
 
 ALWOOD, WILLIAM BRADFORD (Aug. 
 11, 1859-April 13, 1946), horticulturist and 
 educator, was born in Delta, Fulton County. 
 After spending two years (1879-81) teach- 
 ing in a country school, he attended Ohio 
 State University and Columbian (now 
 George Washington) University. From 1891 
 to 1904 he was professor of horticulture at 
 Virginia Polytechnic Institute. He also served 
 in the U. S. Department of Agriculture. He 
 wrote many pamphlets and bulletins on 
 horticultural subjects. 
 
 AMBLER, CHARLES HENRY (Aug. 12, 
 1876-Aug. 31, 1957), educator, was born in 
 New Matamoras, Washington County. He 
 graduated from West Virginia University in 
 
 1901 and the University of Wisconsin 
 (Ph.D.) in 1905. He taught history at Ran- 
 dolph Macon College, 1908-17, and at West 
 Virginia University, 1917—47. He wrote 
 many articles, several biographies, and text- 
 books on West Virginia history, and A His- 
 tory of Transportation in the Ohio Valley 
 . . . , Glendale, Calif., 1932. WWW 3 
 
 AMBLER, HENRY LOVEJOY (Sept. 10, 
 1843-June 14, 1924), dentist and educator, 
 was born in Medina, Medina County. He 
 was for many years dean of the Dental 
 School, Western Reserve University. 
 The Foil and Its Combinations for Filling 
 
 Teeth, Philadelphia, 1897. 
 Facts, Fads and Fancies about Teeth, Cleve- 
 land. 1900. 
 Around the World Dentistry, Cleveland, 
 
 1910. 
 History of Dentistry in Cleveland, Ohio, 
 Cleveland, 1911. 
 
 AMES, DELANO (May 29, 1906- ), was 
 born at Lake Holm near Mount Vernon, 
 Knox County. He attended Kent School, 
 Conn., and Yale University. He now lives 
 in London, England, where he publishes 
 mystery stories and other fiction. He has 
 also published a novel: Not in Utter Naked- 
 ness, New York, 1932. 
 
 AMES, VAN METER (July 9, 1898- ), 
 educator, was born in Desoto, Iowa. He 
 graduated from the University of Chicago 
 (Ph.B., 1919; Ph.D., 1924) and has been a 
 member of the philosophy department, Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati, since 1925. He has 
 published several books, e.g., a volume of 
 poetry: Out of Iowa, New York, [1936], 
 and a study of fiction: Aesthetics of the 
 Novel, Chicago, [1928]. DAS 3 
 
 AMMEN, DANIEL (May 15, 1820-July 11, 
 1898), naval officer, was born in Brown 
 County. He was appointed midshipman July 
 7, 1836, and served in the Wilkes exploring 
 expedition, the Biddle cruise to Japan and 
 China, and other long cruises. At the out- 
 break of the Civil War he was executive of- 
 ficer of the North Atlantic blockading squad- 
 ron. He commanded the monitor Patapsco 
 in the attack on Fort McAllister, March 3, 
 1863; suppressed an attempted mutiny on 
 the commercial steamer Ocean Queen in 
 1864; and participated in the two attacks on 
 Fort Fisher in the winter of 1864-65. A 
 boyhood intimacy with U. S. Grant ripened 
 into a close friendship, and through Grant's 
 influence he was placed in charge of the 
 Bureau of Yards and Docks in 1868. He 
 became chief of the Bureau of Navigation 
 
11 
 
 Anderson, G. W. 
 
 in 1871, where he served until his retire- 
 ment as rear admiral, June 4, 1878. He was 
 secretary of the Isthmian Canal Commission, 
 1872-76, and became widely known as an 
 advocate of the Nicaragua canal route. He 
 died in Washington, D. C. 
 The Proposed Inter-oceanic Ship Canal 
 across the American Isthmus between 
 Greytown and Brito, via Nicaragua, [New 
 York], 1878. 
 The American Inter-oceanic Ship Canal 
 
 Question, Philadelphia, 1880. 
 The Atlantic Coast, New York, 1883. 
 Country Houses and Their Improvement, 
 
 Washington, D. C, [1885]. 
 The Certainty of the Nicaragua Canal Con- 
 trasted with the Uncertainties of the Eads 
 Ship-Railway, Washington, D. C, [1886]. 
 The Errors and Fallacies of the Interoceanic 
 Transit Question . . . , New York, [1886]. 
 The Old Navy and the New . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1891. 
 
 AMSBARY, MARY ANNE (April 20, 1921- 
 ) was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. After attending Allegheny College 
 and the University of Michigan, she worked 
 for the World Publishing Company. She 
 married George S. Amsbary, an official of 
 the University of Illinois Press, and moved 
 to Urbana, 111. In 1952, under her own name, 
 she published a novel on political corrup- 
 tion; she has also published under the pen 
 name Kay Lyttleton a series of books for 
 girls, e.g., Jean Craig, Graduate Nurse, 
 Cleveland, [1950]. WWAW 1 
 
 AMSTUTZ, PETER B. (June 6, 1846-Jan. 
 16, 1938), manufacturer of wooden forks 
 and hay rakes, was born in Wayne County. 
 He lived most of his life in Allen County. 
 His writings, published by himself, include 
 Das Zweite Kommen Christi. Auf Grundlage 
 der Heiligen Schrift, [Bluffton, 1926]. 
 
 ANDERSON, BESSIE WAYNE (Mrs. George 
 Y.) (Sept. 2, 1867-Feb. 17, 1955), was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She at- 
 tended Cincinnati public schools and Ohio 
 State University. A resident of Cleveland for 
 many years, she published many poems in 
 church publications and in Cleveland news- 
 papers. Her death occurred in Clearwater, 
 Fla. She published Without Fear, and Other 
 Poems, Philadelphia, [1939]. 
 
 ANDERSON, DWIGHT (April 13, 1882- 
 Dec. 13, 1953), publicist, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. After attending 
 Western Reserve Academy and Ohio State 
 University, he graduated in law from West- 
 ern Reserve University in 1906. He was a 
 public relations director for a number of 
 
 public health groups. His writings include 
 What It Means to Be a Doctor, New York, 
 [1939]. WWW 3 
 
 ANDERSON, EDWARD LOWELL (Oct. 4, 
 1842-March 2, 1916), lawyer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. With his twin 
 brother, Frederick Longworth Anderson, he 
 attended Phillips Exeter Academy; but both 
 boys left school to enter the army when the 
 Civil War began. Edward was a captain in 
 the 52nd O.V.I. , was wounded at Jonesboro, 
 and served on General Sherman's staff. He 
 studied law at the University of Cincinnati 
 after the war and was admitted to the Ohio 
 bar in 1866. His books on horsemanship 
 were highly esteemed. He also wrote a his- 
 tory of the Anderson family. He died in 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 Northern Ballads, New York, 1874. 
 The Skipper's Last Voyage, Cincinnati, 
 
 1875. 
 Six Weeks in Norway, Cincinnati, 1877. 
 Soldier and Pioneer . . . , Cincinnati, 1878. 
 How to Ride and School a Horse, London, 
 
 1881. 
 On Horseback, in the School and on the 
 
 Road, New York, 1882. 
 The Gallop, Edinburgh, 1883. 
 Modern Horsemanship . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1884. 
 Vice in the Horse and Other Papers on 
 
 Horses and Riding, Edinburgh, 1886. 
 The Universality of Man's Appearance and 
 
 Primitive Man, Edinburgh, 1891. 
 Curb, Snaffle and Spur . . . , Boston, 1894. 
 Riding & Driving, (with Price Collier), New 
 
 York, 1905. 
 Horses and Riding, Fort Leavenworth, Kan., 
 
 1909. 
 Colonel Archibald Grade's The Truth about 
 
 Chickamauga . . . , [Cincinnati?, 1912]. 
 
 ANDERSON, ETHEL TODD, was born in 
 Mineral Ridge, Trumbull County. She grad- 
 uated from Oberlin College in 1912. Her 
 husband, Clarence S. Anderson, served on 
 the faculty of Pennsylvania State Univer- 
 sity, and since his retirement she has lived 
 in Los Altos, Calif. She has published sev- 
 eral widely read books for children, e.g., 
 The Scarlet Bird, New York, [1948]. 
 
 ANDERSON, GEORGE WOOD (Dec. 8, 
 1873- ), clergyman, was born in Belle 
 Center, Logan County. After graduating 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1899, he 
 was ordained to the Methodist ministry and 
 served his first pastorate in Lima, 1899- 
 1903. He served churches in Pennsylvania 
 and other states and was an evangelist, 
 1920-40. In 1940 he began editing the 
 
Anderson, L. 
 
 12 
 
 weekly Minister's Research Letter. He now 
 lives in New York City. His writings include 
 Unfinished Rainbows and Other Essays, 
 New York, [1922]. WW 23 
 
 ANDERSON, LARZ (Aug. 15, 1866-April 13, 
 1937), diplomat, was born in Paris, France. 
 He spent his boyhood in Cincinnati, where 
 his family was one of the most prominent 
 in the society of the city. He was in the 
 U. S. diplomatic service, 1891-1913, and 
 afterward lived in Brookline, Mass., and 
 Washington, D. C. His wife, Isabel Weld 
 Perkins Anderson (1876-1948), whom he 
 married in 1897, wrote a great many travel 
 books, plays, and poems. She also edited 
 the posthumous collection of his papers: 
 Letters and Journals of a Diplomat, New 
 York, [1940]. WWW 1 
 
 ANDERSON, LEWIS FLINT (July 18, 1866- 
 Nov. 17, 1932), educator, was born in 
 Waterford, Ontario. He graduated from the 
 University of Toronto in 1893 and Clark 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1907. In 1909 he be- 
 came professor of the history and philoso- 
 phy of education at Ohio State University. 
 His writings include History of Common 
 School Education . . . , New York, 1909. 
 WWW 1 
 
 ANDERSON, MARJORIE (March 8, 1892- 
 Nov. 29, 1954), educator, was born in San- 
 dusky, Erie County. She graduated from 
 Smith College in 1913 and the University 
 of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1926. She served in 
 the Sandusky library, 1917-20, taught in 
 Bryn Mawr School, 1922-23, and after 1927 
 taught at Hunter College, where she was 
 head of the English department at the time 
 of her death. She published a book of 
 poems: A Web of Thoughts, Boston, 1921. 
 DAS 1 
 
 ANDERSON, OLIVE SAN LOUIE (1842- 
 June 5, 1886), educator, was born in Lex- 
 ington, Richland County. After graduating 
 from the University of Michigan in 1875, 
 she joined the faculty at Santa Barbara Col- 
 lege, Calif. She was drowned in the Sacra- 
 mento River. Her book was published under 
 the pen name Sola. 
 
 An American Girl and Her Four Years in a 
 Boys' College, New York, 1878. 
 
 ANDERSON, RICHARD CLOUGH (Feb. 22, 
 1872-Oct. 20, 1916), younger brother of 
 Larz Anderson (q.v.), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. After graduating 
 from Yale University in 1894, he was asso- 
 ciated with a number of companies, includ- 
 ing the American Book Company, the 
 
 Hallwood Cash Register Company in Colum- 
 bus, Standard Plastic Relief Company, and 
 Franklin Motor Car Company. He wrote 
 Animals in Social Captivity, Cincinnati, 
 [1914]. 
 
 ANDERSON, SAMUEL G. (1854-Oct. 9, 
 1900), clergyman, was born in Minnesota. 
 After graduating from the University of 
 Minnesota and Union Theological Semi- 
 nary, he was a pastor in St. Paul, Minn., 
 for five years before coming to Toledo, 
 where he served at Westminster Presbyterian 
 Church from 1888 until his death from ty- 
 phoid fever. Several of his sermons were 
 published in addition to the title below. 
 
 Woman's Sphere and Influence, [Toledo, 
 1898]. 
 
 ANDERSON, SHERWOOD (Sept. 13, 1876- 
 March 8, 1941), was born in Camden, 
 Preble County. Few writers have evoked 
 such varied critical judgments. When he 
 died, a "special homage number" of Story 
 (Sept.-Oct., 1941) commemorated "his per- 
 sonality and work as one of the rare and 
 representative American expressions." Ad- 
 mirers celebrated "the greatest contempo- 
 rary short-story writer," "the achieved art- 
 ist," "our Dostoievsky of the corn belts." 
 Yet twelve years earlier the Sewanee Review 
 (April-June, 1929) had rung the death knell 
 of a writer who had nothing to say. In 1927 
 N. B. Fagin wrote a book praising Ander- 
 son's greatness as the first American "chron- 
 icler of the adventures of the spirit of the 
 inner man." In the same year the New Re- 
 public announced that Anderson "is dying 
 before our eyes" (Aug. 3, 1927). Introduc- 
 ing The Sherwood Anderson Reader (1947), 
 Paul Rosenfeld compared Anderson's prose 
 with the "freshness of clover, buttercups, 
 black-eyed Susans." Of the same prose Lionel 
 Trilling said "it approaches in effect the in- 
 adequate use of a foreign language" (Ken- 
 yon Review, III, 1941). Rosenfeld affirmed 
 that Anderson's "freshness, innocence, fine- 
 ness steadily maintained themselves" for a 
 quarter-century. It was Trilling's essential 
 criticism that Anderson never progressed 
 from the "simple idea" with which he scored 
 his first success; that he never learned the 
 craft of writing; and that such "stubborn 
 continuance" in immaturity cannot satisfy 
 mature readers. Even so, Horace Gregory 
 claims an "undisputed" place for Anderson's 
 stories and "immortality" for their author 
 (Portable Sherwood Anderson, 1949). These 
 extremes of judgment are epitomized, per- 
 haps explained, by Rosenfeld's assertion 
 that Anderson "is no less valuable to our cul- 
 ture than Walt Whitman" and by Trilling's 
 
13 
 
 Anderson. S. 
 
 deprecating reference to Anderson's "popu- 
 list-Whitmanesque tradition." It is a com- 
 monplace with adverse critics that Anderson 
 appeals only to adolescents: the substance 
 of his work is vague feeling, deliquescing 
 into sentimentality; his form is a crude 
 shapelessness that reveals his unwillingness 
 and inability to concentrate and clarify. Ad- 
 miration, looking at the same works, sees a 
 comprehensive sympathy for common folk, 
 especially for the emotionally maimed; it 
 sees a healthy distrust of speculation and an 
 insistence on primary emotions; it sees a 
 brave revolt against sterile literary conven- 
 tions. Anderson, in short, excites almost the 
 same controversy as Whitman, to whose 
 tradition he belongs rather than to that of 
 Hawthorne and Henry James. Irving Howe 
 (Sherwood Anderson, New York, 1951) de- 
 plores the influence on Anderson of James 
 Joyce; James Schevill denies the influence 
 (Sherwood Anderson, Denver, 1951). D. H. 
 Lawrence, whose "kingship" Anderson an- 
 nounced in a review, is thought to have 
 been an unfortunate influence on his middle 
 years. The influences of George Borrow, 
 Gertrude Stein, and the French impression- 
 ist painters have been variously invoked. 
 Howe and Gregory insist on the influence of 
 Mark Twain. Anderson himself, it has been 
 said, influenced Hemingway (whose parody 
 Torrents of Spring made him anathema to 
 Anderson's admirers), Faulkner, Thomas 
 Wolfe, and — in a general way — all writers 
 of the short story who have combated com- 
 mercial slickness. Critical disputants agree 
 upon certain points: his proper medium was 
 the short story, his seven "novels" being ex- 
 pansions thereof. When the high points of 
 his achievement are named, the same titles 
 recur: foremost, Winesburg, Ohio; then sin- 
 gle stories — "Death in the Woods," "The 
 Triumph of the Egg," "I Want to Know 
 Why," "The Man Who Became a Woman." 
 There is agreement on his essential subject: 
 a lament for the death of the emotional life 
 under the impact of the machine age. He en- 
 visioned American life as a vast loneliness 
 over which men and women crawled in vain 
 search for love. He persistently images the 
 house of life, whose doors are closed. "Un- 
 used" women, craftsmen broken by the ma- 
 chine, businessmen who see the hollowness 
 of their "success," adolescents bewildered by 
 their new emotions — these are the recurrent 
 characters in a long-continued "fable of 
 American estrangement, whose theme is the 
 loss of love" (Howe). That fable was ex- 
 pressed in 25 volumes in as many years. His 
 early writings were commended by Floyd 
 Dell before they were published, but general 
 acclaim waited upon the publication of 
 
 his fourth book, Winesburg. Unadventurous 
 readers condemned the sexual element of 
 the book, but critics almost unanimously 
 welcomed it as a masterpiece in a new man- 
 ner. Of all his books only Dark Laughter 
 achieved commercial success; not even warm- 
 est admirers think that book one of his best. 
 Biographers assert that Anderson had by that 
 time run out of subject matter, was aware 
 of the flagging of his imagination, and knew 
 himself to be in a real crisis. By the time his 
 Memoirs appeared, he was generally re- 
 garded as a "has-been," and the book got 
 little attention. That book was prepared for 
 posthumous publication by Paul Rosenfeld, 
 whose methods have been severely criticized, 
 and Schevill calls for a new edition. It is 
 not from those Memoirs or from the other 
 autobiographical volumes (Tar: A Story 
 Teller's Story) that the objective facts of 
 Anderson's life may be learned. He con- 
 fessed himself bored by literal recounting of 
 detail, felt free only when he could exer- 
 cise his imagination. He exaggerates the pov- 
 erty of his youth; is alternately hostile and 
 sympathetic toward his father; overdraws his 
 mother, perhaps from a sense of not having 
 appreciated her in life. On the other hand, 
 his avowed fictions draw freely upon his 
 diurnal experience, and it has been claimed 
 for them as for the autobiographies that 
 they truly represent the spirit if not the facts 
 of his life. Those facts, with markedly differ- 
 ent interpretations, may be learned from the 
 biographies by Schevill and Howe. Anderson 
 was the third child of a "shiftless, drifting" 
 family that lived briefly in various small 
 towns. His education was irregular, and 
 when the family broke up after the death of 
 his mother, he drifted from job to job. He 
 served briefly in the army during the Span- 
 ish-American War, seeing no combat. He 
 spent a term at Wittenberg Academy, wrote 
 advertising in Chicago, married in 1904, and 
 had three children. He engaged in various 
 businesses, ultimately achieving comfortable 
 success as a manufacturer of paint in Elyria. 
 He was already writing and felt increasingly 
 dissatisfied with his business and with his 
 marriage. He appears to have suffered a 
 nervous breakdown. By his own account he 
 one day said to his secretary, "I have been 
 walking in a long river and my feet are wet." 
 He thereupon walked out of the factory, re- 
 sumed advertising work in Chicago, but 
 spent most of his time writing. He was 
 shortly separated from his wife. Chicago was 
 at that time the scene of vigorous liter- 
 ary activity — what Anderson later called a 
 "Robin's-egg Renaissance" — and he became 
 the intimate of some of the leading figures, 
 who encouraged him to publish. In 1916 he 
 
Anderson. T. M. 
 
 14 
 
 was married to Tennessee Mitchell; on their 
 honeymoon they visited his first wife. The 
 second marriage was dissolved in 1924, and 
 he immediately married again. The success 
 of Dark Laughter enabled him to build a 
 home at Marion, Va., and also to buy two 
 newspapers, one Republican and one Demo- 
 cratic, which he published and edited. Finan- 
 cial pressures forced him to undertake lec- 
 ture tours, for which he was ill-fitted, and to 
 write potboiler articles for magazines. He 
 traveled widely in America, partly from eco- 
 nomic necessity, partly from a restless urg- 
 ency that prevented him from ever feeling 
 secure in any one place or company. His 
 third marriage was dissolved in 1932; he 
 married again the following year. During the 
 1930s he was attracted to left-wing political 
 doctrines — more, probably, out of sympathy 
 for the poor than from ideological convic- 
 tion. Schevill rightly calls that interest "a 
 negative approach." He did, however, sign 
 a manifesto; play an inconspicuous part at 
 a European conference; join a committee of 
 protest over President Hoover's treatment of 
 the Bonus Army. He continued to publish a 
 book a year and to write widely for the 
 magazines, but his fame was eclipsed by the 
 rising stars of Hemingway, Faulkner, and 
 others. He died at Colon, Canal Zone, and 
 was buried at Marion, Va. 
 
 Denham Sutcliffe 
 
 ANDERSON, THOMAS MACARTHUR (Jan. 
 21, 1836-May 8, 1917), army officer, was 
 born in Chillicothe, Ross County. He was 
 educated at Mount St. Mary's College. Md., 
 and the Cincinnati Law School. During the 
 Civil War he was a member of the 6th O.V.I., 
 and he subsequently entered the regular 
 army with the rank of major. In 1898 he ac- 
 companied General Merritt to Manila. He 
 died in Portland, Ore. 
 
 The Political Conspiracies Preceding the Re- 
 bellion; Or, the True Stories of Sumter 
 and Pickens, New York, 1882. 
 On Methods of Meeting Our Military Ne- 
 cessities, [Vancouver, 1888]. 
 Should Republics Have Colonies?, Boston, 
 [1906]. 
 
 in New York City. A graduate of Yale Uni- 
 versity (A.B., 1906; Ph.D., 1912), he taught 
 English at Ohio State University from 1915 
 until his death. Besides anthologies and 
 textbooks, he published The Innocents of 
 Paris, New York, 1928. WWW 1 
 
 ANDREWS, CLARENCE LEROY (Oct. 19, 
 1862-Aug. 22, 1952), was born in Ashtabula 
 County, but was reared in Oregon. He was 
 an accountant and worked for various state 
 and Federal agencies. He led the campaign 
 for protection of Eskimo-owned reindeer 
 herds. Much of his life was spent in Alaska, 
 the subject of most of his writings, e.g., The 
 Story of Alaska, [Seattle, 1931]. WW 24 
 
 ANDREWS, EBENEZER BALDWIN (April 
 29, 1821-Aug. 14, 1880), was born in Dan- 
 bury, Conn. He graduated from Marietta 
 College in 1842 and Princeton Theological 
 Seminary in 1844. He served in the Congre- 
 gational ministry until 1851, when he be- 
 came professor of geology at Marietta Col- 
 lege. He became assistant geologist to the 
 Ohio State geological survey in 1861. The 
 last years of his life were spent in Lancaster. 
 Report to the Purchasers of Coal and Salt 
 Lands on Federal Creek and Marietta 
 Run, Athens County . . . , Marietta, 
 [1854]. 
 An Account of the Fall of Meteoric Stones 
 
 at New Concord .... [n.p.], 1860. 
 Rock Oil, Its Geological Distribution, [Mari- 
 etta, 1861]. 
 Report on the Economical Geology of 
 Southern Ohio, Traversed by the Mari- 
 etta and Cincinnati Railroads . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1865. 
 Letter . . . on the Coal and Iron Deposits of 
 the Upper Sunday Creek and Moxahala 
 Valleys, in Perry County . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1873. 
 Report on the Exploration of a Cave, and of 
 the Mounds in Ohio, [Cambridge, Mass.], 
 1877. 
 Report of Geological Investigations along 
 the Line of the Cleveland, Canton, Cosh- 
 octon & Straitsville Railw'y . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1878. 
 
 ANDORN, SIDNEY (Sept. 25, 1904- ), 
 journalist and radio commentator, was born 
 in Newark, Licking County. He has worked 
 on the Cleveland Press and the Cleveland 
 News and has been a commentator on Sta- 
 tion WGAR. He has written a number of 
 radio scripts and a pamphlet: The Cleveland 
 Scene; 1936-1946, Cleveland, 1946. 
 
 ANDREWS, CLARENCE EDWARD (Nov. 
 25, 1883-Dec. 12, 1932), educator, was born 
 
 ANDREWS, GERTRUDE NELSON (d.Oct. 
 10, 1938), was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County. She graduated from Central High 
 School, Toledo, and began speaking for 
 women's suffrage in that city. She was also 
 gifted as an elocutionist and was associated 
 with an amateur acting company. She mar- 
 ried Fred G. Andrews, a reporter on the 
 Toledo Blade, and later lived in New York 
 City and California. She died in Carmel, 
 Calif. She wrote scenarios for Frank Keenan, 
 
15 
 
 Anshutz 
 
 a book on scenario writing, and a biogra- 
 phy of Corse Payton: The Romance of a 
 Western Boy . . . , Brooklyn, 1901. 
 
 ANDREWS, ISRAEL WARD (Jan. 3. 1815- 
 April 18, 1888), educator, was born in Dan- 
 bury, Conn. After a year at Amherst Col- 
 lege he entered Williams College, where he 
 graduated in 1837. The following year he 
 was called to Marietta College, where he 
 spent the rest of his life, serving as presi- 
 dent, 1855-88. He became very active in 
 general educational work in Ohio. In an 
 article in the Marietta Intelligencer, April 
 1-8, 1856, he pointed out, "In an institute 
 held in one of the counties of Ohio, the 
 word 'nuisance' was spelled in more than 
 twenty different modes," and made a strong 
 plea for the adoption of a standard diction- 
 ary for classroom use, specifically Webster's 
 dictionary as revised by Goodrich. By way 
 of sales promotion the article was re- 
 printed by the publishers of the dictionary 
 and widely circulated. It served to bring the 
 young college president and his little-known 
 college to the attention of educators through- 
 out the country. He became one of the 
 founding members of the National Teachers' 
 Association and a member of the National 
 Council of Education. His Manual of the 
 Constitution was widely used as a textbook 
 in colleges and universities for well over half 
 a century. 
 
 Webster's Dictionaries, Springfield, Mass., 
 1856. 
 
 Why Is Allegiance Due? and Where Is It 
 Due? . . . , Cincinnati, 1863. 
 
 Manual of the Constitution of the United 
 States . . . , Cincinnati, [1874]. 
 
 Historical Sketch of Marietta College . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1876. 
 
 The Educational Work and Place of Ohio, 
 fn.p., 1877]. 
 
 Washington County and the Early Settle- 
 ment of Ohio . . . , Cincinnati, 1877. 
 
 ANDREWS, J. CUTLER (Sept. 9, 1908- ), 
 educator, was born in Delaware, Delaware 
 County. After graduating from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University, he did graduate work at 
 Harvard. He joined the history faculty of 
 Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1931, 
 and since 1952 has been teaching at Penn- 
 sylvania College for Women. He has pub- 
 lished Pittsburgh's Post-Gazette . . . , Bos- 
 ton, [1936]. 
 
 ANDREWS, MARTIN REGISTER (April 6, 
 1842-April 20, 1913), professor of history 
 at Marietta College, was born in Meigs 
 County. After serving in the Civil War, he 
 
 attended Marietta College and graduated in 
 1869. He was superintendent of the Steu- 
 benville schools, 1870-79, principal of Mari- 
 etta Academy, 1879-94, and a member of 
 the college faculty, 1894-1910. He wrote 
 History of Marietta and Washington County 
 . . . , Chicago, 1902. WWW 1 
 
 ANGELL, ERNEST (June 1, 1889- ), 
 lawyer, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He was admitted to the Ohio bar 
 in 1914 and practiced in Cleveland for four 
 years. After service in World War I he be- 
 gan practice in New York City, where he 
 has since lived. He has written professional 
 and popular articles and Supreme Court 
 Primer, New York, [1937]. WW 30 
 
 ANGELL, HILDEGARDE (d. July 23, 1933), 
 sister of Ernest Angell (q.v.), was born in 
 Cleveland. Cuyahoga County. She was edu- 
 cated at Hathaway-Brown School, Cleve- 
 land, and in France and Germany. Around 
 1922 she moved to New York City, where 
 she worked for a time on McClure's Maga- 
 zine. She married Granville M. Smith in 
 1930; they lived in Tampico, Mexico, for 
 two years and moved to Kansas City, Mo., 
 about six months before her death. Her best- 
 known book was a biography: Simon 
 Bolivar, New York, 1930. 
 
 ANGLE, PAUL McCLELLAND (Dec. 25, 
 1900- ), historian, was born in Mans- 
 field, Richland County. He graduated from 
 Miami University in 1922. He has been 
 associated with the Illinois State Historical 
 Society, 1925^45, and the Chicago Historical 
 Society, 1945- . One of the nation's best- 
 known Lincoln scholars, he has published 
 numerous articles and books in the field of 
 his specialty, e.g., Lincoln, 1854-1861 . . . , 
 Springfield, 111., [1933]. WW 30 
 
 ANSHUTZ, EDWARD POLLOCK (March 
 23, 1846-Jan. 1, 1918), was born in Clar- 
 ington, Monroe County. He was educated in 
 district schools of Virginia and at Heron's 
 Seminary, Cincinnati. He moved to Phila- 
 delphia in 1872. He was editor of New 
 Church Life, 1880-85, and also served as 
 editor of Homeopathic Recorder and of 
 Homeopathic Envoy. In addition to writing 
 several technical treatises on homeopathic 
 medicine, he wrote popular books on the 
 subject and compiled a book of remedies. 
 He died in Philadelphia. 
 Safety in Cholera Time . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 [1892]. 
 Sexual Ills and Diseases . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1896. 
 
Anspacher 
 
 16 
 
 Dogs. How to Care for Them in Health and 
 Treat Them When III ... , Philadelphia, 
 1903. 
 
 Therapeutic By-ways . . . , Philadelphia, 
 1916. 
 
 ANSPACHER, LOUIS KAUFMAN (March 
 1, 1878-May 10. 1947), lecturer and drama- 
 tist, was born in Cincinnati. Hamilton 
 County. After graduating from College of 
 the City of New York, he lived in New York 
 City and lectured at various institutions in 
 that city. He published numerous plays and 
 other books, e.g.. This Bewildered Age, 
 New York, 1935. WWW 2 
 
 ANTRIM, DORON KEMP (Aug. 25, 1889- 
 ), was born in Germantown, Mont- 
 gomery County. After graduating from De- 
 Pauw University in 1913, he was a salesman 
 for Wurlitzer Co., Dayton, 1914, operated 
 a music store in Stevensville, Mont., 191 5— 
 18, and served in World War I. He was on 
 the editorial staff of The Musical Observer 
 and Metronome magazines, 1921-28, and 
 since 1928 has been a free-lance writer. He 
 has published articles in most national maga- 
 zines and has also written books on music, 
 e.g., Teaching Music and Making It Pay, 
 Philadelphia, 1927. WW 26 
 
 ANTRIM, ERNEST IRVING (Feb. 21, 1869- 
 Jan. 6, 1953), educator and banker, brother 
 of Doron K. Antrim (q.v. ), was born in 
 Germantown, Montgomery County. After 
 graduating from DePauw University in 1889, 
 he taught at Belmont College, Cincinnati, 
 and at other universities. He earned his doc- 
 torate at Gottingen University in 1897. He 
 left the teaching profession in 1904 and was 
 an official of the Van Wert National Bank, 
 1904-28. He wrote Fifty Million Strong; 
 Or, Our Rural Reserve, Van Wert, 1916. 
 WWW 3 
 
 ANTRIM, GEORGE DOYLE (Jan. 27, 1867- 
 June 4, 1958), was born near Indianapolis, 
 Ind., but came to Montgomery County in 
 1903, where he was engaged in the ice cream 
 business. He wrote poems as an avocation 
 and published a collection of humorous 
 verse: A Pig Tale and a Few Others, Day- 
 ton, 1940. 
 
 ANTRIM, JOSHUA (c.1820- ? ), was born in 
 Clinton County. His family moved to Cham- 
 paign County in 1831, and he later lived in 
 Middleburg, Logan County. 
 The History of Champaign and Logan Coun- 
 ties, from Their First Settlement, Belle- 
 fontaine, 1872. 
 
 APPLETON, ELIZABETH HAVEN (Oct. 16, 
 1815-Nov. 15, 1890), educator, was born in 
 a suburb of Liverpool, England. Her father 
 came to Baltimore, Md., while she was a 
 small girl; in 1832, after spending three 
 years at Wheeling, Va., he brought his fam- 
 ily to Cincinnati. She taught school in Balti- 
 more and the South in the 1840s. After re- 
 turning to Cincinnati, she taught in a girls' 
 school kept by Lyman Harding, 1849-55, 
 and operated her own school, 1855-75. 
 After retiring from teaching, she annually 
 gave a course of lectures on literature and 
 art. The posthumous collection of her writ- 
 ings was made up largely of these lectures. 
 She was librarian of the Historical and 
 Philosophical Society of Ohio, 1876-86. 
 In Memory of Elizabeth Haven Appleton 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1891. 
 
 APPLETON, EVERARD JACK (March 24, 
 1872-Feb. 19, 1931), journalist, was born 
 in Charleston, W. Va. He came to Cincin- 
 nati in 1893 and passed the remainder of his 
 life in that city. Using the pen name Ginger 
 Jar, he published poems in various news- 
 papers and magazines; he also published at 
 least one collection: The Quiet Courage, 
 and Other Songs of the Unafraid, Cincin- 
 nati, [1912]. 
 
 ARBUTHNOT, MAY HILL (April 27, 1884- 
 ), educator, was born in Mason City, 
 Iowa. A graduate of the University of Chi- 
 cago, she served on the faculty of Western 
 Reserve University, 1922-50. She still lives 
 in Cleveland. She has contributed many ar- 
 ticles to educational magazines, prepared 
 school readers, and written other books, 
 e.g.. Children and Books, Chicago, [1947]. 
 WWAW 1 
 
 ARCHBOLD, ANN (c.1820-?), is said to 
 have been born near New Matamoras, Wash- 
 ington County. She went to Iowa in 1845, 
 traveling overland in a leisurely manner. 
 After teaching school in Iowa for several 
 years, she returned to Ohio chiefly by river 
 steamers on the Missouri and Ohio Rivers. 
 The first book below is a fine relation of her 
 experiences, containing much of interest on 
 the Indians and the Mormons. 
 A Book for the Married and Single, the Grave 
 
 and the Gay: and Especially Designed for 
 
 Steamboat Passengers, East Plainfield, 
 
 1850. 
 A Pamphlet for Gentlemen and Ladies of 
 
 All Sorts and Sizes, Washington, D. C, 
 
 1851. 
 
 ARCHER, WILLIAM CLIFFORD (March 
 30, 1876-Aug. 19, 1950), lawyer, was born 
 
17 
 
 Arneson 
 
 in Noble County, where he attended coun- 
 try schools. At the age of eighteen he began 
 teaching school while reading law. After 
 editing newspapers in Caldwell, Hillsboro, 
 and Athens, he became the first Secretary of 
 the Ohio State Liability Board of Awards. 
 His efforts in establishing Ohio's workmen's 
 compensation laws led to his being named 
 deputy commissioner of the New York 
 Workmen's Compensation Bureau, where he 
 served for fifteen years. From 1929 until his 
 death he was insurance consultant to numer- 
 ous contractors. His family published pri- 
 vately a collection of his verse: Arrows, 
 New York, 1931. 
 
 AREY, HARRIET ELLEN GRANNIS (April 
 14, 1819-April 26, 1901), journalist, was 
 born in Cavendish, Vt. She entered Oberlin 
 College in 1837 and received the degree of 
 A.B. in 1845, her studies having been inter- 
 rupted by eye trouble. She taught school in 
 Cleveland until 1848, when she married 
 Oliver Cromwell Arey and moved to Buf- 
 falo, N. Y., where for several years she 
 edited The Youth's Casket and later The 
 Home Monthly. After teaching school at 
 Brockport, N. Y., Whitewater, Wis., and 
 Yonkers, N. Y., she returned to Ohio in 
 1879 and settled in Cleveland. There Mrs. 
 Arey edited The Earnest Worker in the 
 1880s and was one of the founders and the 
 first president of the Ohio Women's State 
 Press Association. 
 Household Songs and Other Poems, New 
 
 York, 1855. 
 Home and School Training, Philadelphia, 
 1884. 
 
 ARGOW, WENDELIN WALDEMAR WIE- 
 LAND (Aug. 9, 1891- ), clergyman, was 
 born in Dayton, Montgomery County. He 
 was ordained a Baptist minister in 1914 but 
 became a Unitarian in 1920. He has served 
 churches in Ohio, Iowa, and New York. 
 Since 1941 he has been pastor of the First 
 Unitarian church, Baltimore, Md. He has 
 written many pamphlets and several books, 
 e.g., Beyond, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1931. 
 WW 28 
 
 ARMSTRONG, MOSES KIMBALL (Sept. 19, 
 1832-Jan. 11, 1906), was born in Milan, 
 Erie County. After completing his education 
 at Western Reserve College, he moved to 
 Minnesota Territory in 1856, where he was 
 employed as a surveyor. In 1858 he moved 
 to the Indian village of Yankton, Dakota 
 Territory. He served in various capacities in 
 the territorial government and was chosen 
 president of the council in 1867. He was 
 elected as territorial delegate to the Forty- 
 
 second and Forty-third Congresses. In 1874 
 he went to St. James, Minn., where he en- 
 gaged in banking and the real-estate busi- 
 ness. He died in Albert Lea, Minn. 
 History and Resources of Dakota, Mon- 
 tana, and Idaho . . . , Yankton, 1866. 
 Information for Persons Who Propose to 
 
 Come West, Yankton, 1869. 
 The Early Empire Builders of the Great 
 West, St. Paul, Minn., 1901. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, ROBERT GRENVILLE (Feb. 
 4, 1888-July 25. 1956), clergyman, was born 
 in Reed City, Mich. After graduating from 
 Oberlin College in 1912, he was pastor of 
 the Congregational church, Amherst, Lo- 
 rain County, 1913-17. He later served 
 churches in New York State and New Eng- 
 land. He died in Hartford, Conn. He wrote 
 Historic Lebanon . . . , Lebanon, Conn., 
 [1950]. RLA 2 
 
 ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM JACKSON (1841- 
 1913), was born in Warren County. He 
 graduated from Antioch College in 1862. He 
 was inspector general of U. S. Consulates 
 for twenty years; he then became a lecturer 
 advocating social reforms. He lived in Co- 
 lumbus for many years. His death occurred 
 in Los Angeles. Some of his lectures were 
 published in pamphlet form. 
 An Artist Historian, Columbus, 1899. 
 The Greatest Living Man, Columbus, [1902]. 
 The Heroes of Defeat, Cincinnati, 1905. 
 
 ARNE, SIGRID (May 9, 1900- ). jour- 
 nalist, was born Agnes Holmquist in New 
 York City, but grew up in Cleveland and 
 attended the schools of that city. She 
 changed her name to Sigrid Arne in 1922 
 when she went to work on the Cleveland 
 Plain Dealer after her graduation from the 
 University of Michigan. She worked on 
 various newspapers in Oklahoma and Michi- 
 gan in the 1920s, was on the Cleveland 
 News, 1930-31, and after more than twenty 
 years as an Associated Press correspondent 
 rejoined the News in 1957. While covering 
 the United Nations for the Associated Press, 
 she wrote The United Nations Primer, New 
 York, [1945]. 
 
 ARNESON, BEN ALBERT (May 22, 1883- 
 Feb. 13, 1958), educator, was born in Barn- 
 veld, Wis. He graduated from Whitewater 
 Normal School in 1908 and the University 
 of Wisconsin in 1913; he completed his doc- 
 torate at the University of Wisconsin in 
 1916. He was professor of political science 
 at Ohio Wesleyan University, 1917-53, and 
 after his retirement continued to live in 
 Delaware. He wrote social studies textbooks 
 
Arnold, B. 
 
 18 
 
 and The Democratic Monarchies of Scandi- 
 navia, New York, 1939. WW 29 
 
 ARNOLD, BIRCH. Pseud. See Alice E. Bart- 
 lett. 
 
 ARNOLD, JAMES OLIVER (Jan 29, 1838- 
 March 16, 1905), was born in Dayton, 
 Montgomery County, and spent his life in 
 that city. He developed a suburban section 
 of Dayton, organized the Dayton and South- 
 eastern Railroad, and was a director of sev- 
 eral street railway companies. 
 Social Science, [Dayton?, 1898?]. 
 Advanced Thought on Electrical and Spir- 
 itual Voltage . . . , Dayton, 1902. 
 
 ARNOLD, NELSON ESTA (July 23, 1863- 
 May 27, 1932), journalist, was born in 
 Pomeroy. Meigs County. He edited various 
 country newspapers and owned the Marion 
 Mirror, 1900-07. He died in Marion. He 
 wrote Thoughts — In Prose and Poetry, Lan- 
 caster, 1928. 
 
 ARPEE, LEON (1877-Nov. 24, 1947). cler- 
 gyman, was born near Constantinople, Tur- 
 key. A Presbyterian minister, he lived in 
 Ohio from 1904 until his death; he spent his 
 last fifteen years in Athens. His writings in- 
 clude The Atonement in Experience, a Criti- 
 cal Study, [London, 1932]. OBB 
 
 ARTZ, FREDERICK BINKERD (Oct. 19, 
 1894- ), educator, was born in Dayton, 
 Montgomery County. He graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1916, served in France 
 during World War I, and earned his Ph.D. 
 at Harvard University in 1924. In 1924 he 
 joined the Oberlin history department. A 
 specialist in French history, he has written 
 several books on the subject, e.g., France 
 under the Bourbon Restoration, 1841-1830, 
 Cambridge, [Mass.], 1931. WW 30 
 
 ASCHAM, JOHN BAYNE (Feb. 12, 1873- 
 Nov. 14, 1950), clergyman, was born in 
 Vanlue, Hancock County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1900 and 
 Boston University (Ph.D.) in 1907. Ordained 
 to the Methodist ministry in 1897, he 
 preached on Ohio circuits, 1897-1902, was 
 pastor of several Ohio churches, 1902-25, 
 and was director of the Children's Home, 
 Cincinnati, 1928-42. His death occurred in 
 Tucson, Ariz., where he had lived since 
 1946. He wrote several books on religious 
 themes, e.g., Help from the Hills, Cincinnati, 
 [1911]. WWW 3 
 
 ASHBROOK, WILLIAM ALBERT (July 1, 
 1867-Jan. 1, 1940), editor and congressman, 
 
 was born in Johnstown, Licking County. In 
 1885 he began editing the Johnstown Inde- 
 pendent. He served the 17th Ohio District 
 as congressman in Washington for nine 
 terms. His intimate diary, which he started 
 in 1886 and kept for over forty years before 
 publishing it privately, is a valuable docu- 
 ment: A Line a Day for Forty Odd Years 
 . . . , 2 vols., [Johnstown, 1930-32]. WWW 1 
 
 ASHBURN, JOSEPH NELSON (Feb. 6, 
 1838-Jan. 20. 1919), was born in Ohio, 
 probably in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 He served in the 86th O.V.I, from June, 
 1863, to Feb., 1864. After the war he lived 
 in Cleveland, where he was employed as a 
 purchasing agent; he died in that city. He 
 wrote History of the Eighty-sixth Regiment 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1909. 
 
 ASHBURN, PERCY MOREAU (July 28, 
 1872-Aug. 20, 1940), army officer, was born 
 in Batavia, Clermont County, the older 
 brother of Thomas Q. Ashburn (q.v.). He 
 served in the army medical corps, 1898— 
 1932. Besides a textbook on military hy- 
 giene, he wrote A History of the Medical 
 Department of the United States Army, 
 Boston, 1929. WWW 1 
 
 ASHBURN, THOMAS QUINN (Nov. 17, 
 1874-May 2, 1941), army officer, was born 
 in Batavia, Clermont County. He graduated 
 from the U. S. Military Academy, after 
 which he served in the regular army. His 
 writings include History of the 324th Field 
 Artillery . . . , [New York, 1920]. WWW 1 
 
 ASHLEY, BARNAS FREEMAN (Nov. 27, 
 1833-April 14, 1915), clergyman, was born 
 in Liverpool, Nova Scotia. He was educated 
 by private tutors in Boston and attended 
 Ohio Medical College, Cleveland. For many 
 years he was a pastor of Baptist churches 
 and later of a Dutch Reformed Church, New 
 York City. He retired to Ravenna, Portage 
 County, about 1890, where he wrote a num- 
 ber of books for boys. 
 A Tan Pile Jim . . . , Chicago, [1894]. 
 Dick and Jack's Adventures on Sable Island, 
 
 Chicago, [1895]. 
 Air Castle Don . . . , Chicago, [1896]. 
 
 ASHLEY, CHARLES SUMNER (Jan. 1, 
 1864-Nov. 25, 1925), son of James M. 
 Ashley (q.v.), was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County. He was a prominent attorney and 
 real-estate operator in Toledo for many 
 years and was a founder of the Toledo Mu- 
 seum of Art. 
 The Financial Question . . . , Toledo, 1895. 
 
19 
 
 Atkinson, R. J. 
 
 ASHLEY, FREDERICK WILLIAM (Jan. 12, 
 1863-June 14, 1942), educator and li- 
 brarian, was born in Mansfield, Richland 
 County. He graduated from Western Reserve 
 University in 1885. After a year in Missouri 
 he served on the faculty of Western Re- 
 serve Academy, 1887-97, and was librarian 
 in Painesville, 1897-98. From 1900 until his 
 retirement in 1936, he was on the staff of 
 the Library of Congress. Besides technical 
 articles and books relating to library work, 
 he published a volume of reminiscences: 
 "// You're Off for Old Ohio in the Morn- 
 ing," [Washington, D. C, 1932]. WWW 3 
 
 ASHLEY, JAMES M. (Nov. 14, 1824-Sept. 
 16, 1896), was born in Allegheny County, 
 Pa.; shortly thereafter the family moved to 
 Portsmouth, Scioto County. Self-educated, 
 he went to work for the Scioto Valley Re- 
 publican at the age of seventeen. He became 
 editor of the Democrat at Portsmouth in 
 1848. Having studied law in his spare time, 
 he was admitted to the bar in 1849. Follow- 
 ing his marriage in 1851 he removed to 
 Toledo, where he engaged in the wholesale 
 drug business. Keenly interested in politics 
 he was one of the founding fathers of the 
 Republican Party in the Toledo district. He 
 was elected to Congress and served from 
 Dec. 5, 1859, to March 3, 1869. In 1861 he 
 prepared the first measure for Reconstruc- 
 tion in the Southern states. He also intro- 
 duced the first proposition to amend the 
 Constitution of the United States to abolish 
 slavery. It was on his initiative that the 
 move for the impeachment of President 
 Johnson was begun, which resulted in his 
 defeat in the ensuing election. President 
 Grant appointed him territorial governor of 
 Montana, but he was removed within a year 
 because of his sharp criticisms of Grant's 
 policies. His speeches represent the radical 
 Republicanism of his day and are now im- 
 portant historical sources; only a few of the 
 major ones are listed below. Following his 
 return to Toledo he built the road which 
 became the Toledo, Ann Arbor and North- 
 ern Michigan Railroad, and served as its 
 president from 1877 to 1893. 
 Success of the Calhoun Revolution . . . , 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1860. 
 The Rebellion — Its Causes and Conse- 
 quences . . . , Toledo, 1861. 
 The Union of the States: The Majority Must 
 Govern: It Is Treason to Secede . . . , 
 [Washington, D. C, 1861]. 
 "Initiate Emancipation," Washington, D. C, 
 
 1862. 
 The Liberation and Restoration of the South, 
 Washington, D. C, 1864. 
 
 Impartial Suffrage the Only Safe Basis of 
 Reconstruction, Washington, D. C, 1866. 
 
 Representative Government Can Only Be 
 Maintained by the Subordination of the 
 Executive and Judicial to the Legislative 
 Power . . . , Washington, D. C, [1869]. 
 
 Reminiscences of the Great Rebellion, [To- 
 ledo, 1890]. 
 
 The Impending Political Epoch, New York, 
 [1891?]. 
 
 Duplicate Copy of the Souvenir from the 
 Afro-American League of Tennessee to 
 Hon. James M. Ashley of Ohio. Orations 
 and Speeches, Philadelphia, 1894. 
 
 ASTER, RAY. Pseud. See John M. Leavitt. 
 
 ASTON, HOWARD (c.l844-Nov. 11, 1919), 
 was born in Montgomery County, Miss. He 
 enlisted in the 97th O.V.I, at Zanesville in 
 July, 1862, and was discharged the follow- 
 ing February because of physical disability. 
 He apparently later enlisted in the cavalry. 
 He was county clerk, Muskingum County, 
 in the 1870s. He died in California. He wrote 
 a book based on his war diary: History and 
 Roster of the Fourth and Fifth Independent 
 Battalions and Thirteenth Regiment Ohio 
 Cavalry Volunteers . . . , Columbus, 1902. 
 
 ATHENS, IDA GERDING (Feb. 23, 1882- 
 ), educator, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She attended Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University and the University of Cin- 
 cinnati and was for many years in the Cin- 
 cinnati public school system as an attendance 
 officer and a teacher. She published a vol- 
 ume of verse: Brethren, Cincinnati, 1940. 
 
 ATKINSON, MATTHEW (Jan. 8, 1827-Jan. 
 17, 1913), was born in Carroll County. His 
 father was Isaac Atkinson, a pioneer known 
 locally as "the father of Carroll County." 
 Isaac built and operated a grist mill, an oil 
 mill, a woolen mill, and a carding machine, 
 all of which were destroyed by fire in 1843. 
 The Family Director was probably published 
 as a service to a public thus bereft of those 
 essential local industries. 
 The Family Director: Designed as a Help 
 to Those, Who Are Supplying Themselves 
 in Whole or in Part, with Woolen Goods 
 of Their Own Manufacture . . . , Carroll- 
 ton, 1844. 
 
 ATKINSON, ROBERT J. (June 20, 1820- 
 Feb. 25, 1871), lawyer, was born in Colum- 
 biana County and later lived in Carrollton, 
 Carroll County. He read law and was ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar, served in the Ohio 
 Senate for two terms, and was Third Audi- 
 tor of the Treasury, 1855-64. In 1866 he 
 
Atwater, C. 
 
 20 
 
 was appointed attorney and counselor to the 
 
 Supreme Court. The pamphlet below is his 
 
 only known publication. 
 
 Public Debt! Taxation! Reconstruction! A 
 View of the Situation, Financial and Po- 
 litical, Washington, D. C, 1867. 
 
 ATWATER, CALEB (Dec. 25, 1778-March 
 13, 1867), was born in North Adams, Mass. 
 He graduated from Williams College in 
 1804 with the degrees of B.A. and M.A. For 
 a v/hile he conducted a school for young 
 ladies in New York and studied for the 
 ministry, later becoming a Presbyterian 
 minister. Giving up the ministry because of 
 ill health, he began to study law and within 
 a few months was admitted to the bar. Im- 
 poverished by the failure of a business ven- 
 ture, he moved with his wife and two small 
 children to Circleville. Pickaway County, in 
 1815. There was no shortage of good lawyers 
 in the district in which he had chosen to 
 settle, and just how he managed to support 
 his family during the next few years does 
 not appear. The astonishing fact is that on 
 March 25, 1819, but a few months less than 
 four years after his arrival in Ohio, he wrote 
 the eminent geologist Parker Cleveland that 
 he had submitted his work on the antiqui- 
 ties of Ohio to the American Antiquarian 
 Society; that he had under preparation a 
 civil and natural history of Ohio; and that 
 he would be glad to aid in preparing a geo- 
 logical map of the Midwest. During the 
 months which followed, he plied Cleveland 
 with a clutter of geological information, 
 some of which, such as the discovery of sil- 
 ver ore in Hocking and of nickel in Colum- 
 bus, must have amazed that learned gentle- 
 man though it did not deceive him; for not 
 a word of it appeared in the second edition 
 of his Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy 
 and Geology, which he was preparing. In 
 1820 the American Antiquarian Society pub- 
 lished Atwater's Descriptions of the Antiqui- 
 ties Discovered in the State of Ohio and 
 Other Western States, over 260 pages, with 
 a folding map and ten plans. It contained 
 many glaring omissions, the most notable 
 of which was his failure to mention the Ser- 
 pent Mound; it is manifest that Atwater did 
 not visit all of the sites he claimed to have 
 examined; and there can be little doubt that 
 he leaned heavily upon the work of others. 
 Withal, considering the short time he had 
 been in Ohio and the handicaps under which 
 he must have labored, it was a remarkable 
 production and stands as the first systematic 
 account of the earthworks of the Ohio Val- 
 ley. In 1821 he was elected to the assembly 
 and was an unsuccessful candidate for Con- 
 gress in 1822. In Chillicothe he attempted to 
 
 establish a weekly in 1824. The first number 
 of The Friend of Freedom appeared on Feb. 
 4, and though but three numbers are known 
 to have been published, it is believed that it 
 it struggled along without support until the 
 following April, when the sheriff appeared 
 and levied upon Atwater's personal property 
 to satisfy a creditor. His first real break 
 came in May, 1829, when he was appointed 
 by President Jackson one of three commis- 
 sioners to treat with the Winnebagos in the 
 vicinity of Prairie du Chien. Wis. Following 
 the conclusion of the treaties Atwater car- 
 ried them to Washington, and in 1831 pub- 
 lished his Remarks Made on a Tour to 
 Prairie Du Chien; Thence to Washington 
 City, in 1829, an account of the episode with 
 a description of the country traversed. The 
 book appears to have escaped the attention 
 of the critics until 1833, when he republished 
 it, along with his paper on Western antiqui- 
 ties, under the title of The Writings of Caleb 
 Atwater. James Hall devoted six and a half 
 pages of his Western Monthly Magazine to 
 a severe criticism of the work, wherein he 
 presented evidence that at least a part of it 
 had been lifted from Timothy Flint's Con- 
 densed Geography and History of the West- 
 ern States, ridiculed Atwater's claim that in 
 Illinois he had seen ten thousand acres thickly 
 set with artichokes, jibed at Atwater's steam- 
 boats "with their dashing oars, leaving a 
 stream of dense smoke behind them, floating 
 horizontally along in the air," and in general 
 tore the book asunder. But the critics really 
 went to work in 1838, when his History of 
 the State of Ohio appeared. The criticism 
 was general and is best summed up, perhaps, 
 by William Davis Gallagher's comment in 
 the Hesperian: "As a literary production, Mr. 
 Atwater's book is deplorably deficient." 
 Drawing his material largely from the Trans- 
 actions of the Western Literary Institute, and 
 College of Professional Teachers, he pub- 
 published his Essay on Education in 1841. 
 The sales of his Remarks Made on a Tour 
 to Prairie du Chien were disappointing. 
 The title page of unsold copies was removed 
 and a new one reading The Indians of the 
 Northwest, Their Maners [sic], Customs, 
 &c . . . was substituted — a somewhat preten- 
 tious title considering that he had spent but 
 little more than a month with those Indians. 
 This and his last book, Mysteries of Wash- 
 ington City, during Several Months of the 
 Session of the 28th Congress, Henry Howe 
 found him trying to sell to his neighbors: "A 
 queer talker ... his life appears to have 
 been a struggle with penury. He did but 
 little, if any law business; he had a large 
 family, six sons and three daughters, and his 
 books were but a meagre source of support, 
 
21 
 
 Avery 
 
 and these he sold by personal solicitation." 
 Already forgotten by most of his contem- 
 poraries, he died in Circleville over two dec- 
 ades later in complete obscurity. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Descriptions of the Antiquities Discovered 
 in the State of Ohio and Other Western 
 States . . . , Worcester, Mass., 1820. 
 Remarks Made on a Tour to Prairie du 
 Chien; Thence to Washington City, in 
 1829. Columbus, 1831. 
 The Writings of Caleb Atwater, Columbus, 
 
 [1833]. 
 A History of the State of Ohio, Natural and 
 
 Civil, Cincinnati, [1838]. 
 An Essay on Education, Cincinnati, 1841. 
 Mysteries of Washington City, during Sev- 
 eral Months of the Session of the 28th 
 Congress, Washington, D. C, 1844. 
 
 ATWATER, GEORGE PARKIN (Sept. 8, 
 1874-Oct. 21, 1932), Episcopal clergyman, 
 was born in Lisbon, Columbiana County. He 
 graduated from Kenyon College in 1895. 
 From 1897 to 1926 he was rector of the 
 Church of Our Saviour in Akron. His writ- 
 ings include The Episcopal Church; Its Mes- 
 sage for Men of Today, [Akron, 1917]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 AUDURON, JOHN JAMES (April 26, 1785- 
 Jan. 27, 1851), artist and ornithologist, lived 
 in Cincinnati in 1820 while working as taxi- 
 dermist and curator of the Western Museum. 
 At this time apparently he first conceived of 
 publishing his drawings of birds. In Oct., 
 1820, he began a trip down the Ohio and 
 Mississippi, thus beginning his lifelong voca- 
 tion. The first volume of his masterpiece. 
 The Birds of America, was published in 
 London in 1827. 
 
 AUGHEY, JOHN HILL (May 8, 1828-July 
 30, 1911), clergyman, was born in New 
 Hartford, N. Y. His family moved to Ohio 
 when he was a small child, and he was 
 reared near Steubenville. After graduating 
 from Franklin College in 1852, he became a 
 Presbyterian minister and served a number 
 of parishes in Mississippi until the Civil 
 War, during much of which he was interned. 
 Later he filled pulpits in Indiana, western 
 Pennsylvania, and Ohio. He served as home 
 missionary in Idaho and Indian Territory, 
 1887-98. He retired at Newton, N. J., in 
 1904. His death occurred in that community. 
 The Iron Furnace; Or, Slavery and Seces- 
 sion, Philadelphia. 1863. 
 Tupelo, Lincoln, Neb., 1888. 
 
 AUCSPURGER, MARIE M. (Aug. 8, 1898- 
 ), was born in Middletown, Butler 
 
 County, and now lives in Warren County. 
 She graduated from Miami University in 
 1920, taught school for a time, and has been 
 employed by the Middletown Gas and Elec- 
 tric Company since 1924. She has done re- 
 search on several subjects pertaining to the 
 Far West and has published a book based on 
 data collected during her annual vacations: 
 Yellowstone National Park, Historical and 
 Descriptive, Middletown, 1948. 
 
 AUMANN, FRANCIS ROBERT (Ian. 21, 
 1901- ), educator, was born in Delaware. 
 Delaware County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1921, studied law 
 for two years, and graduated from the State 
 University of Iowa (Ph.D.) in 1928. He his 
 been on the political science faculty of Ohio 
 State University since 1928. Author of a 
 great many professional articles and reviews, 
 he has also written several books, e.g., The 
 Changing American Legal System . . . , 
 Columbus, 1940. 
 
 AUNT FANNY. Pseud. See Frances Dana 
 Barker Gage. 
 
 AUSTERLITZ, EMANUEL H. (Dec. 8, 1838- 
 March 29, 1927), publisher, was born in 
 Prague, Austria. He came to America in 
 1865 and to Cincinnati in 1866. He worked 
 for the Block Publishing Company and also 
 founded the Freie Press, a German news- 
 paper which he sold in 1886. He died in Cin- 
 cinnati at the age of 89. 
 Cincinnati from 1800 to 1875 . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, [1875]. 
 
 AUSTIN, GEORGE MoKENDREE (Aug. 23, 
 1856-Oct. 25, 1930), physician, was born 
 on a farm in Vernon Township, Clinton 
 County. He practiced medicine in Wilming- 
 ton for over forty years. He collected and 
 classified the fossils of the Richmond group 
 and presented a collection said to contain 
 over 25,000 specimens to the Smithsonian 
 Institution. He wrote Surface Geology of 
 Clinton County . . . , [Wilmington], 1930. 
 
 AVERY, ELROY McKENDREE (July 14, 
 1844-Dec. 1, 1935), was born in Erie, Mich. 
 During the Civil War he served in the 11th 
 Michigan Cavalry. For a while he was em- 
 ployed on the editorial staff of the Detroit 
 Tribune. In 1871 he graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan and became superintend- 
 ent of schools in East Cleveland. He turned 
 to the lecture platform in 1879, and for two 
 seasons he toured the country giving popular 
 lectures on the new electric light. In 1881 he 
 became a pioneer organizer of electric light 
 and power companies. In the meantime he 
 had come into prominence as the author of 
 
Avey 
 
 22 
 
 several successful textbooks on language and 
 physical science. He was a member of the 
 Cleveland city council, 1891-92, and of the 
 Ohio senate, 1893-97. After 25 years spent 
 in preparation, the first volume of his pro- 
 jected sixteen-volume History of the United 
 States and Its People was published in 1904. 
 Though intended to be a popular history of 
 the United States, the work is full and criti- 
 cal, even iconoclastic in many respects. With 
 fine discrimination he drew upon the coun- 
 try's leading collections for the thousands of 
 rare prints and documents, reproductions of 
 which were used to illustrate the work — not 
 infrequently in full color and occasionally 
 on folded inserts. The seventh volume was 
 published in 1910, and to this point the cost 
 of the work is said to have run well into six 
 figures. With a ballooning mass of manu- 
 script before him, the publisher suspended 
 the work. Avery spent the last years of his 
 life in Florida. 
 
 Shall Our Antiquities Be Preserved? , [Cleve- 
 land, 1899?]. 
 A History of the United States and Its 
 People . . . , 7 vols., Cleveland, 1904-10. 
 John Humfrey, Massachusetts Magistrate 
 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1912. 
 A History of Cleveland and Its Environs 
 . . . , 3 vols., Chicago, 1918. 
 
 AVEY, ALBERT EDWIN (May 29, 1886- 
 ), educator, was born in Hannibal, Mo. 
 He attended high school in Cincinnati. A 
 graduate of Yale University (A.B., 1908; 
 Ph.D., 1915), he served on the Ohio State 
 University philosophy faculty, 1917-54, and 
 since his retirement he has continued to live 
 in Columbus. He has published a number of 
 textbooks and Re-thinking Religion, New 
 York, [1936]. WW 28 
 
 AYDELOTT, BENJAMIN PARHAM (Jan. 7, 
 1796-Sept. 10, 1880), clergyman, was born 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. He graduated from the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, New 
 York, in 1815, was ordained a deacon of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church by Bishop 
 Hobart in 1820, and was ordained to the 
 priesthood in 1822. He became rector of 
 Christ Church, Cincinnati, in 1828. Hobart 
 was Bishop Philander Chase's (q.v.) bitter, 
 
 unrelenting foe, and it is significant that 
 Aydelott was the leader of the faction that 
 succeeded in ousting Chase from Kenyon 
 College in 1831. He resigned from Christ 
 Church on March 22, 1835, the year in 
 which he was elected president of Wood- 
 ward College, Cincinnati, in which position 
 he served for ten years. In the meantime he 
 had become a Presbyterian, and in 1838 he 
 became pastor of Lane Seminary Church. 
 He died in Cincinnati. 
 
 In Answer to the Rt. Rev. P. Chase, Cincin- 
 nati, [1832]. 
 Duties of American Citizens, Cincinnati, 
 
 1840. 
 Our Country's Evils and Their Remedy, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1843. 
 The Secret of a Sound Judgment . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1844. 
 Incidental Benefits of Denominational Divi- 
 sions, Cincinnati, 1846. 
 Church's Duties in the Temperance Cause, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1865. 
 Ethics for Our Country and the Times, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1866. 
 Thoughts for the Thoughtful, Cincinnati, 
 
 1866. 
 Great Question: Sceptical Philosophy Exam- 
 ined, Cincinnati, 1868. 
 Prejudice against Colored People, Cincin- 
 nati, [n.d.]. 
 
 AYRES, ALFRED. Pseud. See Thomas E. 
 Osmun. 
 
 AYRES, ATLEE BERNARD (July 12, 1874- 
 ), architect, was born in Hillsboro, 
 Highland County. He studied at the Art 
 Students' League and the Metropolitan 
 School of Architecture in New York City, 
 and since 1899 has practiced in San An- 
 tonio, Texas. He has written Mexican Archi- 
 tecture; Domestic, Civil and Ecclesiastical, 
 New York, 1926. WW 26 
 
 AYRES, LEONARD PORTER (Sept. 15, 
 1879-Oct. 29, 1946), was born in Niantic, 
 Conn. He joined the Cleveland Trust Com- 
 pany staff in 1920 and resided in Cleveland 
 until his death. He wrote a number of books 
 and articles on education, psychology, and 
 economics, e.g., The Economics of Recov- 
 ery, New York, 1933. WWW 2 
 
 B 
 
 BABBITT, EDWIN DWIGHT (Feb. 1, 1828- 
 c.1905), father of Irving Babbitt (q.v.), was 
 born in Hamden, N. Y. He attended Knox 
 College, Galesburg, 111., where his father 
 
 was in residence as a missionary. He arrived 
 in Dayton in the late 1850s, and in 1860 he 
 established the Miami Commercial College. 
 In 1863 he published The Babbittonian Sys- 
 
23 
 
 Babcock 
 
 tern of Penmanship, which became quite 
 popular and was republished in England. He 
 became an active spiritualist in 1869 and 
 commenced his practice as a psychophysi- 
 cian. For a time he appears to have been as- 
 sociated with Joseph Rodes Buchanan (q.v.) 
 in Boston, and he later practiced in Brooklyn 
 and New York City. After 1877 he devoted 
 his time to writing and lecturing. 
 The Babbittonian System of Penmanship, 
 
 Dayton, 1863. 
 The Health Guide: Aiming at a Higher Sci- 
 ence of Life and the Life-Forces; Giving 
 Nature's Simple and Beautiful Laws of 
 Cure, New York, 1874. 
 The Principles of Light and Color; Includ- 
 ing among Other Things the Harmonic 
 Laws of the Universe, the Etherio- Atomic 
 Philosophy of Force, Chromo Chemistry, 
 Chromo Therapeutics, and the General 
 Philosophy of the Fine Forces, Together 
 with Numerous Discoveries and Practical 
 Applications . . . , New York, 1878. 
 The Wonders of Light and Color, Including 
 Chromopathy or the New Science of Color 
 Healing, New York, 1879. 
 The Health Manual . . . , New York. 1880. 
 Religion as Revealed by the Material and 
 
 Spiritual Universe, New York, 1881. 
 Health and Power . . . , New York, 1893. 
 Human Culture and Cure, Los Angeles, 
 1898. 
 
 BABBITT, IRVING (Aug. 2. 1865-July 15, 
 1933), a leading critic of modern thought 
 and literature, proponent of humanism, and 
 one of Harvard's great teachers, was born 
 in Dayton. Montgomery County. Son of 
 Edwin Dwight Babbitt (q.v.) and Augusta 
 Darling, he lived for some years on the 
 Darling farm at Madisonville, graduated 
 from Woodward High School in Cincinnati, 
 and. aided by his uncles, proceeded to Har- 
 vard University. At Harvard his study of 
 Horace, Plato, and Aristotle supported the 
 classical bent of his mind. There also and 
 later in Paris he pursued Hindu studies 
 highly influential in the formation of his 
 thought. Through all the rest of his life he 
 found the essential "wisdom of the ages" in 
 the classical authors named above and in 
 the teachings of Buddha and Confucius. The 
 modern writers who contributed most to his 
 thought were Goethe, Joubert, Sainte-Beuve, 
 Arnold, and Emerson, who, whatever new 
 elements they introduced, bore witness to 
 the perennial validity of the old wisdom. 
 Babbitt himself adopted the role of the 
 modern mind — the critical and positive mind 
 — rejecting all external authority. Science 
 he respected like anyone else, but he de- 
 nounced pseudo-science and the naturalistic 
 
 philosophies that seemed to him jerry-built 
 on scientific foundations. He held it a fate- 
 ful violation of practical experience to re- 
 duce what is distinctively human to the nat- 
 ural level. He affirmed that man lives on 
 two levels, the natural and the human. There 
 is a "law for man" as well as a "law for 
 thing." In the data of consciousness itself 
 we recognize this dualism, these clashing 
 forces. A man becomes human in proportion 
 as "higher will," the centripetal force, im- 
 poses a limit to the centrifugal force of ap- 
 petite and temperament and makes possible 
 a superior fulfillment. The golden mean is 
 thus the precondition of the insight and 
 happiness appropriate to man. Babbitt 
 humbly granted that there is a reality, or the 
 illusion of a reality, above man. If he could 
 not espouse any one religion (he was closest 
 to Buddhism), he persistently defended the 
 allied traditions of "humanism and religion." 
 To discard these traditions in the common 
 way of modernity is, he held, to throw out 
 the baby with the bath. For nearly forty 
 years — from 1894 until his death — Babbitt 
 lectured at Harvard on the failure of modern 
 thought and literature to maintain vitally 
 what he liked to call the truths of the inner 
 life. Thousands of students came under the 
 spell of his vigorous masculinity, impressive 
 character, and weighty intellect. This side of 
 his work has been well revealed in Irving 
 Babbitt: Man and Teacher, edited in 1941 
 by Frederick Manchester and Odell Shepard. 
 At the same time, through articles and books. 
 Babbitt played a leading role in the remark- 
 able development of American literary and 
 general criticism during the first three dec- 
 ades of the twentieth century. He dealt with 
 education in Literature and the American 
 College . . . , Boston, 1908; with art in The 
 New Laocoon . . . , Boston, 1910; with 
 literature in The Masters of Modern French 
 Criticism . . . , Boston, 1912, and Rousseau 
 and Romanticistn . . . , Boston, 1919; and 
 with politics in Democracy and Leadership 
 . . . , Boston, 1924. He was the central fig- 
 ure in the controversy over humanism which 
 held widespread public attention from about 
 1927 to 1931, taking part with allies and 
 disciples in the manifesto published in 1930: 
 Humanism and America. A bibliography of 
 his publications was included in a post- 
 humous volume, Spanish Character and 
 Other Essays, Boston, 1940. 
 
 Norman Foerster 
 
 BABCOCK, BERNIE (April 28, 1868- ), 
 journalist, was born in Unionville, Ashtabula 
 County. When she was ten, her family moved 
 to Arkansas. She was educated at Little Rock 
 University. She was on the staff of the Ar- 
 
Bacher 
 
 24 
 
 kansas Democrat, later owned and edited 
 The Arkansas Sketch Book, and was presi- 
 dent of the Arkansas Museum of Natural 
 History and Antiquities. Her home in 1959 
 was Petit Jean Mountain, Ark. 
 The Daughter of a Republican, Chicago, 
 
 1900. 
 The Martyr; A Story of the Great Reforms, 
 
 Chicago, 1900. 
 Justice to the Woman, Chicago, 1901. 
 At the Mercy of the State, Chicago, 1902. 
 An Uncrowned Queen; The Story of the 
 
 Life of Frances E. Willard Told for 
 
 Young People, Chicago, 1902. 
 Mammy; A Drama, New York, 1915. 
 Yesterday and Today in Arkansas; A Folio 
 
 of Rare and Interesting Pictures . . . , 
 
 Little Rock, 1917. 
 The Soul of Ann Rut ledge, Abraham Lin- 
 coln's Romance, Philadelphia, 1919. 
 The Coming of the King, Indianapolis, 1921. 
 The Soul of Abe Lincoln, Philadelphia, 
 
 1923. 
 When Love Was Bold, [n.p.], 1924. 
 Booth and the Spirit of Lincoln; A Story of 
 
 a Living Dead Man, Philadelphia, 1925. 
 Little Abe Lincoln, Philadelphia. 1926. 
 Lincoln's Mary and the Babies, Philadelphia, 
 
 1929. 
 Lighthorse Harry's Boy; The Boyhood of 
 
 Robert E. Lee, Philadelphia, 1931. 
 The Heart of George Washington, a Simple 
 
 Story of Great Loves, Philadelphia, 1932. 
 Little Dixie Devil, New York, 1937. 
 Hallerloogv's Ride with Santa Clans, [n.p.], 
 
 1939. 
 Other Worlds Than This, [n.p.], 1943. 
 
 BACHER, OTTO HENRY (March 31. 1856- 
 Aug. 16, 1909), etcher and illustrator, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. In 
 1878 he went to Munich to study, and in 
 1880 he began working under Duveneck in 
 Venice, where he was friendly with Whistler. 
 In 1883 he returned to America, and except 
 for a trip to London in 1885-86 he spent 
 the remainder of his life in New York City 
 and Bronxville. His only book was With 
 Whistler in Venice, New York, 1908; be- 
 cause of objections by the executrix of 
 Whistler's estate, letters by Whistler were 
 withdrawn, and the book was reissued in 
 1909. DAB 1 
 
 BACKUS, EDWIN BURDETTE (Dec. 27, 
 1888-July 7, 1955), clergyman, was born in 
 Blanchester, Clinton County. He graduated 
 from the University of Michigan in 1909 
 and Meadville Theological Seminary in 
 1912, after which he served as pastor of 
 Unitarian churches in various states. His 
 writings include a devotional book, The 
 
 Pattern on the Mountain, Boston, [1939]. 
 WWW 3 
 
 BACKUS, EMMA HENRIETTE SCHIER- 
 MEYER (Mrs. Henry W.) (Dec. 18, 1877- 
 ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She attended Cincinnati schools and 
 has been active in civic affairs in that city. 
 She has written pageants for several histori- 
 cal celebrations, an operetta, Twilight Alley, 
 and several novels, e.g., The Rose of Roses, 
 Boston, 1914. WWNAA 6 
 
 BACON, DELIA SALTER (Feb. 2, 181 1— 
 Sept. 2, 1859), whose name is associated 
 with the biggest mare's-nest in the history 
 of the English-speaking world, was born in 
 Tallmadge, Summit County. She came from 
 a long line of New England Puritans; her 
 father, a Congregational missionary, had 
 moved to the Western Reserve to found a 
 farming settlement of fellow New Engend- 
 ers which was to be unsurpassed, as Delia's 
 biographer says, "for comfort, prosperity, 
 intelligence, and morality." The project col- 
 lapsed almost immediately and the Bacon 
 family returned to Connecticut, where the 
 father died in 1817. Delia was reared in a 
 foster home until adolescence, and then she 
 began a career as schoolmistress, which was 
 as ill-fated as her father's Utopian project. 
 She conducted a series of schools in Con- 
 necticut, New Jersey, and western New York 
 State, all of which came to grief with dis- 
 maying rapidity. Failing in the schoolroom, 
 she turned to writing as a means of earning 
 a livelihood. In 1831 she entered her tale 
 "Love's Martyr" in a contest conducted by 
 the Philadelphia Saturday Courier, and won 
 the first prize of Si 00. The fact that Edgar 
 Allan Poe had entered five stories in the 
 same contest, none of which won any money, 
 is often recalled, either to illustrate the de- 
 plorable condition of taste at that time or 
 to suggest that Miss Bacon was perhaps a 
 better writer than she is usually given credit 
 for being. However, any candid reader of 
 Poe's five stories, which were later printed 
 in the Saturday Courier, will admit that Poe, 
 whose genius came only by fits and starts, 
 deserved to lose the prize. Miss Bacon pub- 
 lished, in addition to this story, at least two 
 books of fiction: Tales of the Puritans and 
 The Bride of Fort Edward. Neither work 
 has any but historical interest. During her 
 early womanhood Miss Bacon found a new 
 way to put to practical account the ideas 
 and information she had somehow collected 
 despite an irregular education and frequent 
 ill health. She became a lecturer to adult 
 classes — one of the first women to follow 
 the profession in America, or, for that matter, 
 
25 
 
 Bacon, D. S. 
 
 England. Successful at first on a small scale, 
 her lectures eventually became so popular 
 that she delivered them in many Eastern 
 cities, to large audiences of both sexes. Her 
 favorite subject was history, with literature 
 running a close second. It is said that she 
 had a fine platform presence and that her 
 lectures, always delivered without notes, 
 brought fascination to even the most com- 
 monplace topic. When she concluded her 
 1852 season of lectures in Boston and Cam- 
 bridge, the last phase of her life, for all bio- 
 graphical purposes the most important, 
 began. No one seems to know how or when 
 she first conceived the tremendous idea 
 which was to dominate her every thought 
 and action thenceforth. The notion that 
 Shakespeare did not write the plays attrib- 
 uted to him, and that Francis Bacon did 
 or at least helped to, was not original with 
 her; it had been put forth as early as 1769 
 and again in 1848, and possibly Miss Bacon 
 got her first inspiration from one of these 
 sources. On the other hand, she may, in a 
 fashion by no means unheard-of in intellec- 
 tual history, have developed her idea inde- 
 pendently, in entire ignorance that others 
 had had it too. What is certain is that in 
 1852 she was writing to Emerson concerning 
 her theory, and Emerson, while reserving 
 judgment on the theory itself, was giving 
 her every encouragement to proceed with 
 her arcane researches. The next year, with 
 money given her by a New York lawyer 
 named Charles Butler, she went to England, 
 the scene of the strange plot she was con- 
 vinced she had uncovered, and with fanatical 
 devotion and ingenuity proceeded to remold 
 all available historical evidence to fit the 
 pattern her theory required. Her theory was, 
 in a few words, this: In the Elizabethan Age 
 there had existed a secret society, composed 
 of many of the most brilliant men of the 
 age, which had worked out an elaborate 
 political philosophy. Since this philosophy 
 was at variance with everything the age 
 stood for, it could not possibly be an- 
 nounced, or its existence even hinted at. 
 Therefore, the members of the society de- 
 cided to send it down to posterity in a sort 
 of time capsule. The time capsule was the 
 body of plays said to be written by William 
 Shakespeare, who was actually, Miss Bacon 
 asserted, no better than an ignorant lackey. 
 In reality, these plays were composed by the 
 conspirators, who couched their message to 
 future ages in complicated ciphers, double 
 meanings, quibbles, and all the other secre- 
 tive paraphernalia in which the Elizabethans 
 allegedly delighted. When the time was ripe, 
 someone would be inspired to discover, be- 
 neath the seemingly innocent surface of 
 
 "Shakespeare's" text, the whole revolution- 
 ary philosophy which had been too hot to 
 handle in the early seventeenth century. And 
 that foreordained discoverer, Miss Bacon 
 knew, was to be none other than herself. 
 She is commonly credited (if that is the 
 right word) with propagating the so-called 
 Baconian theory, by the terms of which 
 Francis Bacon hid behind the name of 
 Shakespeare, all of whose plays were really 
 his. But the truth is that Miss Bacon did not 
 hold to this idea. She was, of course, un- 
 compromisingly anti-Shakespearean; the his- 
 torical personage William Shakespeare could 
 not have written those plays, therefore did 
 not, and that was that. But she inclined to 
 the view that it was a syndicate, not a lone 
 individual, that composed the plays. Even 
 Francis Bacon himself, whom she adored, 
 was not man enough to do it single-handed. 
 This interesting thesis is what she set forth 
 to prove during her stay in England. Intro- 
 duced by Emerson, she visited the Carlyles 
 in Cheyne Row; on her first visit, when she 
 blandly outlined her theory, Carlyle let out 
 a shriek which, on her own authority, could 
 be heard a mile away. But Carlyle liked her 
 none the less; "we find her, with her modest 
 shy dignity, with her solid character and 
 strange enterprise, a real acquisition," he 
 wrote to Emerson, and he did all he could, 
 by counsel and letters of introduction, to 
 further her project, though, he admitted, 
 "truly there can [be] no madder" one. The 
 letter he gave her to present to London pub- 
 lishers is a masterpiece of ambiguity: "She 
 is a person of definite ideas, of conscious 
 veracity in thought as well as word, and . . . 
 probably no book written among us during 
 these two years has been more seriously 
 elaborated, and in all ways made the best of, 
 than this of hers." For three years Miss 
 Bacon lived, as she said, "as much alone with 
 God and the dead as if I had been a 
 departed spirit," and then it was time to pro- 
 claim her discovery to the world. She there- 
 fore addressed herself to Nathaniel Haw- 
 thorne, American consul at Liverpool, whose 
 sister-in-law, Elizabeth Peabody, was among 
 her closest friends back home. Would he read 
 her manuscript, make inquiries among pub- 
 lishers, in short become her unpaid business 
 agent? Hawthorne, retiring man though he 
 was, burdened with his official duties as 
 well as his own writing, replied cordially, 
 and thus let himself in for what must have 
 been, to put it mildly, one of the most trying 
 episodes of his life. Like Emerson and Car- 
 lyle, he could not subscribe to her theory; 
 he saw her for what she was — in his own 
 excellent phrase, a "bewildered enthusiast." 
 But either Delia Bacon had an attractive per- 
 
Bacon, L. 
 
 26 
 
 sonality — which is seldom the case with 
 monomaniacs of either sex but may well 
 have been true of her — or those three gentle- 
 men were capable of a patient tolerance far 
 beyond the call even of nineteenth-century 
 politeness. Perhaps it was both. Hawthorne, 
 as a consequence, endured a barrage of in- 
 terminable, repetitious, querulous, hysterical, 
 chaotic letters from Miss Bacon, answered 
 them as a gentleman should, and in the end 
 found a publisher for her book, but only 
 after he himself put up a considerable guar- 
 antee. He saw her only once, but the essen- 
 tial story of his contact with her may be 
 read in his essay in Our Old Home called 
 "Recollections of a Gifted Woman." While 
 her negotiations with Hawthorne were pro- 
 ceeding, Miss Bacon moved to Stratford-on- 
 Avon in preparation for her coup de maitre. 
 The ultimate key to the whole mystery, 
 which she had patiently approached from 
 many avenues, lay buried, according to the 
 letters of Francis Bacon correctly inter- 
 preted, in Shakespeare's grave. All that was 
 needed now was to open the tomb. The 
 municipal and church officials in whom she 
 confided humored her and gave her free run 
 of the church. There is no weirder picture 
 in English literary annals than that of Delia 
 Bacon spending a whole night inside the 
 dark church, debating whether or not to take 
 the irrevocable step. The upshot was that she 
 could not bring herself to do what she had 
 so long known she must do; for there was 
 a bare possibility that somehow her calcula- 
 tions were wrong, that Bacon was referring 
 not to Shakespeare's grave but to his own, 
 or Spenser's, or Raleigh's. And if this grave, 
 once opened, proved not to contain the 
 papers upon which the whole Gothic struc- 
 ture of her theory rested, she feared the con- 
 sequences to her sanity. Ironically, she 
 might just as well have gone on to that final 
 act of grave robbery, for within a few 
 months the mayor of Stratford wrote Haw- 
 thorne that Miss Bacon's reason had finally 
 gone over the brink upon which it had been 
 tottering so long. She was returned to Amer- 
 ica in 1858, and on Sept. 2 of the next year 
 she died. Meanwhile, in 1857, her book, The 
 Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Un- 
 folded, had been published in London, with 
 a preface by Hawthorne in which he con- 
 fessed he had not read the book. Nobody 
 will blame him for this, because it is one of 
 the most unintelligible books ever printed. 
 But like many other books that are much 
 oftener spoken of than read, it started a 
 whole new chapter, the end of which is not 
 in sight, in the history of human superstition. 
 Richard D. Altick 
 
 Tales of the Puritans . . . , New York, 1831. 
 The Bride of Fort Edward, Founded on an 
 
 Incident of the Revolution, New York, 
 
 1839. 
 The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare 
 
 Unfolded, Boston, 1857. 
 
 BACON, LEONARD (Feb. 19, 1802-Dec. 24, 
 1881), clergyman, brother of Delia Bacon 
 (q.v.), was born in Detroit, Mich., where 
 his father, David Bacon, was a missionary. 
 In 1804 Rev. Bacon returned to Connecticut. 
 In 1807 he came to Ohio, where he surveyed 
 and platted Tallmadge, Summit County, and 
 erected a church. His dream of founding a 
 Christian community in the wilderness was 
 a failure, however, and he returned once 
 more to Connecticut. Leonard Bacon thus 
 spent about five years of his boyhood on the 
 Ohio frontier. A prolific writer, he published 
 many sermons and addresses. Perhaps his 
 most influential book, however, was Slavery 
 Discussed in Occasional Essays . . . , New 
 York, 1846. 
 
 BADGER, JOSEPH (Feb. 28, 1757-April 5, 
 1846), pioneer preacher, was born in Wil- 
 braham, Mass. He graduated from Yale Col- 
 lege in 1785 and was ordained a Congrega- 
 tional minister at Blandford, Mass., in 1787. 
 He served the Blandford church until Oct. 
 24, 1800. He then "missionated" in the 
 Western Reserve under the Connecticut Mis- 
 sionary Society (Congregational). After 
 traveling 600 miles through unbroken forest, 
 he arrived at Youngstown Dec. 28, 1800. 
 He visited the scattered settlements, con- 
 sisting of one to eleven families, despite the 
 difficulties of distance and travel. He 
 preached, gave counsel and encouragement 
 and medical aid, distributed books, and pro- 
 moted education. At Austinburg on Oct. 24, 
 1801, he organized the first Congregational 
 church in the Reserve. In 1802 he brought 
 his wife and six children to this settlement, 
 and they established their home in a crude 
 cabin. In 1803 his salary of $7 per week was 
 reduced to $6. He continued his visitations, 
 organized churches, and in 1805 preached 
 for eighty days to the Wyandot Indians 
 around Sandusky Bay. He preached, lec- 
 tured on temperance, urged them to build 
 schools and improve their land, and repre- 
 sented them before government authorities. 
 Returning to the Indians in 1806, sponsored 
 by the Western Missionary Society (Presby- 
 terian), he established a mission and a 
 school. In the winter of 1808-09 he raised 
 $1,117 in New England for the Indian 
 work. He made this cross-country journey on 
 horseback seven times between 1800 and 
 1820. In 1810 he took his family to Ashta- 
 
27 
 
 Bainbridge 
 
 bula, where he gave half of his time to 
 preaching; the other half he spent in nearby 
 settlements. He served as chaplain and post- 
 master in the War of 1812. He organized 
 the Ashtabula church Dec. 7, 1821; moved 
 to Kirtland in 1822: organized the church 
 in Gustavus in 1825 and remained there 
 until 1835. The last decade of this fruitful 
 life was spent at Maumee, Milton, and 
 Perrysburg, where he died. He is buried in 
 Fort Meigs Cemetery, Perrysburg. Joseph 
 Badger's life portrays the struggle of early 
 life in the Western Reserve — settlements six 
 to fifteen miles apart; no roads, mud and 
 snow often knee-deep; no transportation, no 
 communication or exchange; no physicians: 
 no church buildings, though services were 
 held in cabins, barns, groves; and no schools. 
 Salt and clothing were costly and difficult to 
 obtain. Breadstuff was scarce until gristmills 
 could be started. Cattle hair was used for 
 weaving. Settlers built their own cabins and 
 boats and made furniture, shoes, plows, and 
 saddlebags. Bees furnished honey for sugar 
 and wax for candles. Animals strayed for 
 the lack of enclosure. And ever with these 
 pioneers was the memory of the old settled 
 country now so remote from them. The book 
 below was edited by Henry Noble Day (Aug. 
 4, 1808-Jan. 12, 1890), member of Western 
 Reserve College faculty, 1840-58, and au- 
 thor of a number of textbooks. 
 
 Clarence Stafford Gee 
 A Memoir of Rev. Joseph Badger; Contain- 
 ing an Autobiography, and Selections 
 from His Private Journal and Corre- 
 spondence, Hudson, 1851. 
 
 BAER, LIBBIE C. RILEY (Nov. 18. 1849- 
 Feb. 27, 1929), was born in Bethel, Clermont 
 County. She graduated from Clermont Acad- 
 emy in 1865. In November, 1867, she mar- 
 ried Captain John M. Baer, and they moved 
 to Appleton. Wis. She wrote verse and 
 sketches for various periodicals and pub- 
 lished a collection: In the Land of Fancy, 
 and Other Poems, New York, [1902]. 
 
 BAGBY, ARTHUR T. (April 4, 1879-Feb. 
 2, 1949), was born in St. Paul, Ky. He 
 served in the Spanish-American War. In 
 1909 he settled in Portsmouth, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life. He worked 
 for more than thirty years as a railroad con- 
 ductor. He wrote a novel: Peter Burling, 
 Pirate, Philadelphia, [1924]. 
 
 BAGGS, MAE LACY (Sept. 12, 1875-Sept. 9, 
 1922), was born in Independence, Mo. She 
 was privately educated in the United States 
 and France and traveled widely. In 1916 she 
 
 married Thomas A. Baggs. Their residence 
 was Toledo. She wrote several books, e.g., 
 Colorado, the Queen Jewel of the Rockies 
 . . . , Boston, 1918. WWW 1 
 
 BAHMER, WILLIAM J. (Aug. 1, 1872-Nov. 
 21, 1953), journalist, was born in Bakers- 
 ville, Coshocton County. He was editor of 
 the Coshocton Bulletin for four years, worked 
 on newspapers in New York and Pittsburgh, 
 was in the advertising department of the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad, and served as asses- 
 sor of Allegheny County. Pa. He prepared 
 for publication Centennial History of Co- 
 shocton County . . . , 2 vols., Chicago, 1909. 
 
 BAILEY, HENRY TURNER (Dec. 9, 1865- 
 Nov. 26, 1931), teacher, was born in Scitu- 
 ate, Mass. He was educated in Boston and 
 also studied abroad. In 1917 he came to 
 Cleveland, where he served in various capac- 
 ities with the Cleveland School of Art, 
 Cleveland Museum of Art, and John Hunt- 
 ington Polytechnic Institute. He edited 
 School Arts and wrote a number of text- 
 books, technical studies of art education, 
 and other books, e.g., Yankee Notions, Cam- 
 bridge, [Mass.], 1929. WWW 1 
 
 BAILEY, RAE (July 24, 1879-1958), was 
 born in Savannah, Ashland County. She 
 worked in Washington, D. C, as secretary to 
 Senator Pomerene, 1914-17; attended Palm- 
 er School of Chiropractic, Davenport, Iowa, 
 1917-19; practiced in Savannah, 1919-34; 
 and was employed by the Council of 
 Churches Board of Education, 1935-47. She 
 died in Washington, D. C. She wrote a his- 
 tory of her native village and Clear Creek 
 Township: Old Keys; An Historical Sketch 
 . . . , Washington, D. C, 1941. 
 
 BAINBRIDGE, LUCY SEAMAN (Jan. 18, 
 1842-Nov. 19, 1928), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. She was educated 
 in Cleveland schools. During the Civil War 
 she worked with the Potomac Division, help- 
 ing the wounded. In 1866 she married Rev. 
 William Folwell Bainbridge, a Baptist min- 
 ister. While living in New York City, she 
 was active in the Brooklyn City Mission So- 
 ciety and in the Woman's Branch, New York 
 City Mission Society. Her death occurred in 
 New York City. 
 
 'Round the World, Cleveland, 1881. 
 Round the World Letters, Boston, 1882. 
 Helping the Helpless in Lower New York, 
 
 New York, [1917]. 
 Jewels from the Orient . . . , New York, 
 
 [1920]. 
 Yesterdays, New York, [1924]. 
 
Baird 
 
 28 
 
 BAIRD, SAMUEL JOHN (Sept. 17, 1817- 
 April 10, 1893), clergyman, was born in 
 Newark, Licking County, the son of a Pres- 
 byterian clergyman. As a youth he assisted 
 his father in editing The Christian Herald at 
 Pittsburgh. He occupied various pulpits, most 
 of them in the South. He is important in the 
 history of Presbyterianism, not as a preacher 
 but as a scholar and ecclesiastical historian. 
 He was a prolific writer, and the following 
 list of his works is selective. The Collection 
 became an unofficial statute book of the Pres- 
 byterian Church in America. He died in 
 West Clifton Forge, Va. 
 A Collection of the Acts, Deliverances, and 
 Testimonies of the Supreme Judicatory of 
 the Presbyterian Church from Its Origin 
 in America to the Present Time . . . , 
 Philadelphia, 1856. 
 The Socinian Apostasy of the English Pres- 
 byterian Churches . . . , Philadelphia, 1857. 
 The First Adam and the Second. The Elohim 
 Revealed in the Creation and Redemption 
 of Man . . . , Philadelphia, 1860. 
 A Rejoinder to the Princeton Review, upon 
 the Elohim Revealed, Touching the Doc- 
 trine of Imputation and Kindred Topics, 
 Philadelphia, 1860. 
 A History of the New School, and of the 
 Questions Involved in the Disruption of 
 the Presbyterian Church in 1838, Phila- 
 delphia, 1868. 
 
 BAKER, ALBERT RUFUS (March 24, 1858- 
 April 5, 1911), ophthalmologist, was born in 
 Salem, Pa. He earned an M.D. degree at 
 Western Reserve University in 1879, and he 
 did postgraduate work in medicine in New 
 York and Europe, 1881-83. In 1888 he joined 
 the faculty of the Cleveland College of Phy- 
 sicians and Surgeons. He edited the Cleve- 
 land Medical Gazette, 1885-96, and pub- 
 lished one book: Coughs, Cold and Catarrh 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1904. WWW 1 
 
 BAKER, ARTHUR MULFORD (Oct. 11, 
 1880-Sept. 22, 1941), clergyman, was born 
 in Wapakoneta, Auglaize County. He gradu- 
 ated from Defiance College in 1906, from 
 McCormick Theological Seminary in 1909, 
 and from Indiana University (Ph.D.) in 
 1928. He served as pastor of various Pres- 
 byterian churches, 1909-24, and after 1924 
 did editorial work on Sunday school pub- 
 lications. He wrote many religious books 
 and articles and Hoofbeats in the Wilder- 
 ness; A Tale of the Indiana Territory be- 
 fore the Coming of Permanent Settlers, New 
 York, 1930. WWW 1 
 
 BAKER, CORNELIA (June 16, 1855-March 
 12, 1930), was born in Jackson County. She 
 
 was on the editorial staff of the Chicago 
 Daily News and contributed stories and verse 
 to various magazines. Her books include 
 Coquo & the King's Children, Chicago, 
 1902. WWW 1 
 
 BAKER, JAMES HEATON (May 6, 1829- 
 May 25, 1913), was born in Monroe, Butler 
 County. He grew up in Lebanon and at his 
 grandfather's home near Middletown. After 
 graduating from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1852, he purchased the Scioto Gazette in 
 Chillicothe. He was active in the formation 
 of the Republican Party in Ohio and was 
 elected Secretary of State in 1855. In 1857 
 he emigrated to Minnesota, where he also 
 was prominent in Republican councils, and 
 in 1859 he was elected Secretary of State 
 there. He served during the Civil War as 
 colonel of the 10th Minnesota Volunteers. 
 His regiment took part in the Indian War 
 in Minnesota and later was on provost duty 
 in St. Louis. After the war he held various 
 public posts. His historical studies were 
 largely an avocation which he pursued dur- 
 ing his later years in Mankato, Minn. Sev- 
 eral of his papers and addresses, published 
 by the Minnesota Historical Society, are not 
 listed below. 
 A Song of Friendship. An Elegy on the Death 
 
 of Charles Scheffer . . . , St. Paul, 1877. 
 Lives of the Governors of Minnesota, St. 
 
 Paul, 1908. 
 
 BAKER, MAGDALENA D. H. (1897- ), 
 was born in Washington Court House, Fay- 
 ette County. She later lived in Ironton and 
 Cincinnati. She published a collection of 
 poems: Gleanings from Life, Cincinnati, 
 [1931]. 
 
 BAKER, MAY ALLREAD (April 17. 1897- 
 ), was born in Darke County. She has 
 published numerous poems in farm maga- 
 zines and religious periodicals and a collec- 
 tion of verse: Willow Brook Farm, Elgin, 
 111., [1946]. 
 
 BAKER, MELYN D. (Jan. 11, 1800-March 
 31, 1852), clergyman, was born in Essex 
 County, N. J. In 1802 his father moved to a 
 farm near Cincinnati and in 1805 to Enon, 
 Clark County. He became a minister of the 
 Christian Church in 1841 and preached in 
 Dayton and the surrounding area. A selection 
 of his writings was edited by John Ellis 
 (q.v.). 
 Memoir of Melyn D. Baker, with Extracts 
 
 from His Correspondence and Manuscripts, 
 
 Springfield, 1853. 
 
29 
 
 Baldwin, W. H. 
 
 BAKER, NAAMAN RIMMON (Feb. 2, 1868- 
 ), educator, was born in Lima, Allen 
 County. He was educated at Mt. Morris Col- 
 lege, 111., and Lineville College, Ala. He was 
 principal of Chesterfield Academy, S. C, 
 1891-95, president of Citronelle College, Ala., 
 1895-99, and afterward a teacher and 
 school superintendent in the Alabama public 
 schools. 
 
 Constancy and Other Poems, Mt. Morris, 111., 
 1894. 
 
 BAKER, NEWTON DIEHL (Dec. 3, 1871- 
 Dec. 25, 1937), lawyer and public official, 
 was born in Martinsburg, W. Va., but spent 
 much of his life in Cleveland. He was as- 
 sociated with Mayor Tom Loftin Johnson 
 (q.v.) and as city solicitor led the fight 
 against the traction companies. In 1911 and 
 again in 1913 Baker was elected mayor of 
 Cleveland and sought to carry out the aims 
 of his predecessor. In 1916 President Wilson 
 named him Secretary of War. The relation- 
 ship between these two reserved, idealistic 
 liberals was intimate. In 1920 Baker returned 
 to Cleveland and resumed his law practice. 
 His views grew increasingly conservative, and 
 his opposition to the New Deal during its 
 early years was pronounced. He died at his 
 home in Shaker Heights and is buried in Lake 
 View Cemetery, Cleveland. He published 
 numerous speeches, magazine articles, and 
 one book, Why We Went to War, New 
 York, [1936]. DAB 22 
 
 B ALDUS, SIMON ALEXANDER (1872-Jan. 
 20, 1957), editor, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County, where he attended St. 
 Xavier School and Xavier University. In 
 1907 he moved to Chicago. He was manag- 
 ing editor of Extension magazine, 1907-51. 
 He wrote many articles on economics and 
 one book: The New Capitalism, Chicago, 
 1923. 
 
 BALDWIN, ALPHA WRIGHT (1866-1929), 
 was born in Rock Creek, Ashtabula County. 
 His death occurred in Alliance. His avoca- 
 tion was writing poems and songs, which 
 were collected in The Songs of a Carpen- 
 ter, [Alliance, 1929]. 
 
 BALDWIN, CHARLES CANDEE (Dec. 2, 
 
 1834-Feb. 2, 1895), lawyer and judge, was 
 born in Middletown, Conn. His family moved 
 to Elyria when he was five months old but 
 returned to Connecticut in 1847 when the 
 father died. After graduating from Harvard 
 Law School in 1857, Baldwin returned to 
 Cleveland to practice. He was elected circuit 
 court judge in 1884 and served on the bench 
 until his death. He was a founder of the 
 
 Western Reserve Historical Society and was 
 also a leader in moving Western Reserve 
 College from Hudson to Cleveland. He 
 was a keen student of regional history and 
 archaeology, and wrote many genealogical 
 works, papers, and addresses that are not 
 listed below. 
 Relics of the Mound Builders, [Cleveland, 
 
 1874]. 
 Early Maps of Ohio and the West, Cleveland, 
 
 1875. 
 Notice of Historical and Pioneer Societies 
 
 in Ohio, Cleveland, 1875. 
 The Iroquois in Ohio . . . , [Cleveland, 
 
 1878?]. 
 Indian Migration in Ohio . . . , [n.p., 1879]. 
 Memorial of Colonel Charles Whittlesey . . . , 
 
 [Cleveland, 1887]. 
 History of Man in Ohio . . . , [n.p., 1890?]. 
 
 BALDWIN, CHARLES JACOB (Aug. 10, 
 1841-April 13, 1921), clergyman, born in 
 Charleston, N. Y., graduated from Madison 
 (Colgate) University in 1864 and Rochester 
 Theological Seminary in 1868. Ordained to 
 the Baptist ministry, he served churches in 
 Chelsea, Mass., and Rochester, N. Y., be- 
 fore coming to Granville in 1886. He pub- 
 lished a volume of sermons in 1895 and The 
 First American and Other Sunday Evening 
 Studies in Biography, Granville, 1911. OBB 
 
 BALDWIN, ELBERT FRANCIS (March 10, 
 1857-Sept. 26, 1927), journalist, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. After grad- 
 uating from Williams College in 1884, he 
 studied at the University of Berlin for two 
 years. He served on the editorial staffs of 
 the Independent, New York Mail and Ex- 
 press, and Outlook. His death occurred in 
 Geneva. Switzerland. He wrote The World 
 War; How It Looks to the Nations In- 
 volved and What It Means to Us, New 
 York, 1914. WWW 1 
 
 BALDWIN, HARMON ALLEN (June 3, 
 1869-March 11, 1936), clergyman, was born 
 in Pierpont, Ashtabula County. After attend- 
 ing Mount Union College, he became a 
 Methodist evangelist in 1890; he also served 
 churches in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, 
 Ohio, and Georgia. He wrote several books 
 on religious themes, e.g., Holiness and the 
 Human Element, Louisville, Ky., [1919]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 BALDWIN, WILLIAM HENRY (July 16, 
 1851-Sept. 26, 1923), was born in Youngs- 
 town, Mahoning County. He was associated 
 with First National Bank, Youngstown, 1877— 
 1900, and was also an executive of several 
 steel companies. He retired in 1901 and de- 
 
Ball, A. E. 
 
 30 
 
 voted the rest of his life to social work. After 
 his retirement he lived in Washington, D. C. 
 He published several articles and pamphlets 
 on tuberculosis and family problems and one 
 book: Family Desertion and Non-support 
 Laws . . . , Washington, D. C, 1904. 
 WWW 1 
 
 BALL, ALICE ELIZA (1867-April 25, 1948), 
 educator, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She taught at Hathaway-Brown 
 School, Cleveland. Her death occurred in 
 New York City. She wrote several books on 
 ornithology, e.g., Bird Biographies, New 
 York, 1923. 
 
 BALL, EUSTACE HALE (Nov. 4, 1881- 
 April 20, 1931), was born in Gallipolis, 
 Gallia County. He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati in 1903 and later stud- 
 ied at Harvard and the Boston Conservatory 
 of Music. A gifted violinist and painter, he 
 also wrote for the New York Sun for several 
 years. He died in Laguna Beach, Calif., where 
 he had moved about three months before. 
 He wrote several syndicated newspaper seri- 
 als, fictional versions of movies, and Bub- 
 bles from Gotham's Pierian Spring, New 
 York, 1912. 
 
 BALL, FRANK CLAYTON (Nov. 24, 1857- 
 March 19, 1943), manufacturer, was born 
 in Greensburg, Summit County. He settled 
 in Muncie, Ind., in 1888, was president of 
 Ball Bros. Co., and was associated with other 
 industrial firms. His autobiography was pri- 
 vately published: Memoirs . . . , Muncie, 
 1937. WWW 2 
 
 BALLANTINE, WILLIAM GAY (Dec. 7, 
 
 1848-Jan. 10, 1937), educator, was born in 
 Washington, D. C. He graduated from 
 Marietta College in 1868 and Union Semi- 
 nary in 1872; he also studied at the Univer- 
 sity of Leipzig. He served on the Oberlin 
 College faculty, 1878-91, and as president 
 of Oberlin, 1891-96. Besides publishing the 
 titles below and several logic textbooks, he 
 edited The Oberlin Jubilee (1883), a collec- 
 tion of speeches and other material relative 
 to the fiftieth anniversary of the college. 
 Jehovah's Champion . . . , Oberlin, 1890. 
 Christ in the Gospel of Mark, New York, 
 
 [1898]. 
 Religious Education for the Coming Social 
 
 Order, Boston, [1917]. 
 The Young Man for Jerusalem, Boston, 
 
 1921. 
 Understanding the Bible, Springfield, Mass., 
 
 [1925]. 
 Discovering Jesus, New York, [1927]. 
 Peggy in the Park, Verses . . . , Spring- 
 field, Mass., [1933]. 
 
 Biographical Notes, Together with Se- 
 lected Addresses, Essays & Miscellaneous 
 Poems, Stamford, Conn., 1939. 
 
 BALLARD, HARLAN HOCE (May 26, 1853- 
 Feb. 18, 1934), was born in Athens, 
 Athens County. After graduating from Wil- 
 liams College he made his home in Mas- 
 sachusetts. He served as principal of Lenox 
 High School and of Lenox Academy, and 
 as librarian of the Berkshire Athaneum 
 and Museum. In addition to the titles listed 
 below, he wrote several language and sci- 
 ence textbooks and translated Virgil's 
 Aeneid into English hexameters. 
 Pieces to Speak and How to Speak Them, 
 
 New York, [1879]. 
 Handbook of the St. Nicholas Agassiz As- 
 sociation, Pittsfield, Mass., 1882. 
 Open Sesame; One Hundred Answers in 
 Rhyme to William Bellamy's Century of 
 Charades, Boston, 1896. 
 Re-open Sesame. Rhymed Acrostics An- 
 swering Bellamy's "Second Century" . . . , 
 Boston, 1897. 
 The Tiler's Jewel .... Boston, 1921. 
 Adventures of a Librarian, New York, 1929. 
 
 BALLARD, WILLIS TODHUNTER (Dec. 
 13, 1903- ), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. He attended Westtown Pre- 
 paratory School in Pennsylvania and Wil- 
 mington College. After working as an elec- 
 trical engineer and editing an electrical 
 trade magazine, he shifted to free-lance 
 writing. He now lives in Sherman Oaks, 
 Calif. He has published fiction in almost all 
 national magazines and has written nu- 
 merous Western stories and mysteries. Some 
 of his mysteries were published under the 
 pen name Harrison Hunt, e.g., Murder Picks 
 the Jury, New York, 1947. 
 
 BALLOU, ELSIE AULTMAN (April 4, 1894- 
 ), was born near Millersburg, Holmes 
 County. After studying at Oberlin College, 
 she taught for five years in Akron and 
 Warren elementary schools. She graduated 
 from the School of Religious Education, 
 Boston University; served as educational di- 
 rector, First Presbyterian Church, Boston; 
 and taught in the Davton schools, while her 
 husband, Luther Ballou, a Congregational 
 minister, was serving a pastorate in that 
 city. She now lives in Whitesboro, N. Y. 
 She has published poems and articles in 
 various periodicals and has published a col- 
 lection of verse: Highways, Boston, 1931. 
 
 BANCROFT, HUBERT HOWE (May 5. 
 1832-March 2, 1918), historian, publisher, 
 and book collector, was born in Granville, 
 
31 
 
 Bancroft 
 
 Licking County. He was born 200 years 
 after his earliest American ancestors landed 
 in Massachusetts. His parents, Azariah Ash- 
 ley Bancroft and Lucy Howe Bancroft, had 
 come to Ohio from Granville, Mass. In his 
 youth Hubert learned thrift and industry 
 and other good Puritan traits. Lucy was a 
 schoolteacher, but her son's formal educa- 
 tion stopped at the local academy. How- 
 ever, he is reported to have read the Bible 
 at the age of three which, as he said, saved 
 him much reading of the book later. He 
 hated household and barnyard chores, but 
 loved the fruit trees, Saturday night nut- 
 cracking, and attempts at riding the un- 
 broken colts. In 1847-48 he devoted him- 
 self to studies in preparation for college, 
 but soon renounced these endeavors in fa- 
 vor of a business career, which began 
 when, at the age of sixteen, he went to 
 Buffalo, N. Y., to work in the bookstore 
 of his brother-in-law, George H. Derby. 
 He worked in the bindery and the counting- 
 house and was a salesman on the road, 
 picking up his books at Mansfield and ped- 
 dling them to country merchants all over 
 Ohio. When the gold fever reached its 
 height in 1852, Bancroft sailed for Cali- 
 fornia to be followed by a shipment of 
 Derby's books worth some $5,000. With 
 his father, who had gone to the gold re- 
 gions in 1850, Bancroft tried his hand at 
 mining until his books arrived. Then he 
 learned of Derby's death and sold out the 
 entire shipment for the benefit of his sis- 
 ter. He obtained on credit a small stock of 
 books and stationery which he took to 
 Crescent City and enjoved a modestly suc- 
 cessful venture. In 1855 he returned to 
 Granville, but the hurly-burly of the West 
 was now too much a part of him and he 
 soon was back in San Francisco launched 
 on an independent career in bookselling 
 that was to bring him fame and fortune. 
 To replenish his stock of books, he made 
 frequent trips to the East, and on one of 
 these he met and married Emily Ketchum. 
 In 1859 he took into equal partnership his 
 brother Albert L. Bancroft, whose name 
 was used thereafter to designnte the firm. 
 During the Civil War a great volume of 
 business developed, and receipts were fur- 
 ther increased by a windfall that enabled 
 the firm to buy its books in the East for 
 depreciated paper and sell them in the West 
 for gold. Frequently moving into larger 
 and better quarters, expanding operations 
 in printing and allied fields, and associating 
 with himself capable and dependable as- 
 sistants, Bancroft achieved great business 
 success. With his wife he journeyed sev- 
 eral times to Europe, and whenever oppor- 
 
 tunity offered he paid visits to Ohio. "Any- 
 one who deals in books runs the risk of 
 becoming a collector," significantly remarks 
 J. W. Caughey, Bancroft's biographer. Few 
 collectors, however, have been privileged to 
 gather books on so grand a scale or to so 
 practical an end. His collection began in 
 1859, when he was publishing a Pacific 
 Coast handbook. As a convenience he 
 brought together all the items in stock on 
 Western history, expressing surprise to find 
 that they numbered more than half a hun- 
 dred titles; he would certainly have been 
 incredulous at the thought that during the 
 next quarter-century he would build up a 
 collection of some 60,000 volumes on this 
 subject. Yet to this task he began to devote 
 his energies, almost to the exclusion of busi- 
 ness affairs. He searched the bookshops of 
 San Francisco, kept an eye on the auction 
 houses, took over private collections; and 
 later he scoured Boston. New York, Phila- 
 delphia, Washington, London, Paris, and 
 other book centers. Books cascaded on cas- 
 cades of books. At auction he secured large 
 portions of the Andrade, Fischer, Squier, 
 and Ramirez collections, purchases at the 
 latter sale alone amounting to some $30,000. 
 Agents all over the world were responsive 
 to his requests, new books were acquired 
 on publication, and catalogues of antiquar- 
 ian booksellers yielded many treasures. One 
 of the great additions to the library was the 
 gift of the family of General Mariano G. 
 Vallejo. Continuing his avid interest in 
 books, Bancroft started acquiring vast 
 quantities of manuscripts and newspapers, 
 the latter collection itself finally exceeding 
 5.000 volumes. In its day and for decades 
 after it was formed, no library existed that 
 could compare with Bancroft's for the his- 
 tory of Western America. He meant to 
 make good use of it. In order to create a 
 history of Western America based on orig- 
 inal sources, Bancroft became a reader. But 
 it was soon apparent that to harness the 
 knowledge in his 60,000 volumes would re- 
 quire a dozen Methuselahs; time would not 
 wait, it must be outdistanced. Applying big- 
 business methods to scholarship, he found 
 the way. He employed a corps of readers, 
 note-takers, copyists, indexers. and writers 
 who, some years and $100,000 later, had 
 cubbyholed at finger-tip touch the sum total 
 of recorded knowledge on any given topic 
 at any given time for any given place on 
 Bancroft's half of the American continent. 
 Originally he planned to do all the writing 
 — at least the final writing — of his histories. 
 But again time obtruded. Of the 39 thick 
 volumes of the Works — comprising some 
 30,000 pages, including voluminous docu- 
 
Bancroft 
 
 32 
 
 mentation in small type — Bancroft outlined 
 and supervised the whole, rewrote consider- 
 able portions, and was sole author of ap- 
 proximately ten of the volumes. His li- 
 brarian, H. L. Oak, wrote an equal num- 
 ber, and William Nemos wrote five vol- 
 umes, as did Frances Fuller Victor (q.v.). 
 Although the mass production was harshly 
 criticized, there was nothing reprehensible 
 about it unless it was the failure to give 
 credit to the collaborators which, primarily 
 for commercial reasons, was not done. 
 Bancroft had a genius for simple, clear, 
 and exact writing, and his guiding hand can 
 be seen throughout large portions of the 
 volumes that were not his personal assign- 
 ment. The historian's devotion to his literary 
 task was demonstrated when he declined in 
 1875 the Republican nomination for Con- 
 gress, saying that 10,000 stood ready to 
 serve their country, but no one would take 
 up his work should he abandon it. In 1876 
 — Emily having died in 1869 — he took a 
 second wife, Matilda Coley Griffing of New 
 Haven, Conn. They had four children — 
 Paul, Griffing, Philip, and Lucy. She was an 
 ideal historian's wife, not tempting him to 
 social frivolity, but providing encourage- 
 ment in his work. The 39 volumes known as 
 the Works comprise the following: Native 
 Races (5 vols.), History of Central America 
 (3 vols.), History of Mexico (6 vols.), His- 
 tory of North Mexican States and Texas (2 
 vols.), History of Arizona and New Mexico 
 (1 vol.), History of California (7 vols.), His- 
 tory of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming 
 (1 vol.), History of Utah (1 vol.), History 
 of the Northwest Coast (2 vols.), History of 
 Oregon (2 vols.), History of Washington, 
 Idaho, and Montana (1 vol.), History of 
 British Columbia (1 vol.), History of 
 Alaska (1 vol.), California Pastoral (1 
 vol.), California Inter Pocula (1 vol.), Pop- 
 ular Tribunals (2 vols.), Essays and Mis- 
 cellany (1 vol.), and Literary Industries 
 (1 vol.). The first volume appeared in 
 1875 and the last in 1890. As perhaps the 
 most gigantic literary undertaking of the 
 nineteenth century, the creation of the his- 
 tories had been remarkable, but no less so 
 was the marketing of them. Taking on a 
 project that would have seemed to most pub- 
 lishers downright forbidding at best, the 
 historian devised a system of subscription 
 canvassing so effective that scarcely a literate 
 home in the West lacked its volume or set 
 of Bancroft. This success is the more amaz- 
 ing when considered in relation to the cost 
 of the sets, which ran from $175 to $390, 
 depending on the binding. Sales exceeded a 
 quarter-million volumes with a gross return 
 
 of more than one million dollars. Reception 
 of the monumental series at the hands of the 
 critics and the public was mixed. Many of 
 those who expressed themselves most forci- 
 bly against it had no qualifications what- 
 ever to judge its value, but unfortunately 
 wielded wide influence. Others, who ordi- 
 narily would have been qualified, were ani- 
 mated by animosity or jealousy. Bancroft 
 had not been a fence-straddler, and in tak- 
 ing a stand on controversial matters he laid 
 himself open to the violent jabs of those 
 whose convictions differed from his own. 
 On many points of disagreement a further 
 sifting of the facts has vindicated Ban- 
 croft's views, and today it is generally rec- 
 ognized that he rendered a more important 
 service than any other American historian 
 and probably accomplished the greatest 
 feat of historiography since Thucydides. 
 Bancroft continued writing until he was 84, 
 producing the Chronicles of the Builders 
 series, Resources of Mexico (1893), The 
 New Pacific (1900), The Book of Wealth 
 (1909-10), Retrospection, Political and Per- 
 sonal (1912), and In These Latter Days 
 (1917). In all, he turned out more than 
 sixty volumes, mostly on weighty matters, 
 but handled with a charm and twinkling 
 of humor that give us history at once re- 
 liable and readable. How much would 
 have been lost to us without him is as in- 
 calculable as it would be appalling. For he 
 has left not only his histories, but also his 
 vast collection of source materials — the 
 Bancroft Library of the University of Cali- 
 fornia — an enduring monument to his fame 
 and a living workshop for the scores of suc- 
 cessors whose duty it will be to explore 
 further particular avenues of Western his- 
 tory to which Bancroft pointed the way. 
 But, as he prophesied: "He who shall come 
 after me will scarcely be able to undermine 
 my work by laying another and deeper 
 foundation." The bibliography below is, of 
 necessity, extremely selective. 
 
 Charles Eberstadt 
 The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft . . . , 
 
 39 vols., San Francisco, 1882-90. 
 The Early American Chroniclers, San Fran- 
 cisco, 1883. 
 The Book of the Fair . . . , Chicago, 1893. 
 The New Pacific, New York, 1900. 
 Some Cities and San Francisco, and Resur- 
 
 gam, New York, 1907. 
 Retrospection, Political and Personal, New 
 
 York, 1912. 
 Modern Fallacies . . . , New York, 1915. 
 Why a World Centre of Industry at San 
 
 Francisco Bay?, New York, 1916. 
 In These Latter Days, Chicago, 1917. 
 
33 
 
 Barker, M. L. 
 
 BANKS, LOUIS ALBERT (Nov. 12, 1855- 
 June 17, 1933), clergyman, born in Cor- 
 vallis, Oreg., was pastor of First Methodist 
 Church, Cleveland, in the late 1890s. He 
 published many sermons and religious 
 books, e.g., Heavenly Trade-Winds, Cincin- 
 nati, 1895. 
 
 BANNON, HENRY TOWNE (June 5, 1867- 
 Sept. 6, 1950), lawyer, was born in Scioto 
 County. He graduated from the University 
 of Michigan in 1889, read law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar in 1891. He served 
 in the 59th and 60th Congresses. He prac- 
 ticed law in Portsmouth. A big-game hunter, 
 he contributed many articles to outdoor pe- 
 riodicals. He also published Scioto Sketches 
 . . . , Chicago, 1920. 
 
 BANTA, MELISSA ELIZABETH RIDDLE 
 
 (March 27, 1834-1907), was born in 
 Cheviot near Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 When she was fourteen, her family moved 
 to Covington, Ky., where she attended the 
 Female Collegiate Institute. At the age of 
 seventeen she married Joseph I. Perrin of 
 Vicksburg; he died of yellow fever the fol- 
 lowing year. When she returned North, her 
 father moved to Bloomington, Ind.. where 
 she married David D. Banta in 1856. They 
 lived in Franklin, Ind. 
 Songs of Home, Menasha, Wis., 1895. 
 
 BARBEE, WILLIAM J. (1816-Oct. 27, 
 1892), physician, was born in Winchester, 
 Ky. He attended Miami University, studied 
 medicine under Daniel Drake, and later 
 practiced in Cincinnati, 1836-46. After 
 leaving Ohio, he was a schoolteacher and 
 minister of the Christian Church in Ken- 
 tucky, Tennessee, and Missouri. Besides a 
 book on geology and several on religious 
 themes, he wrote The Cotton Question, 
 New York, 1866. 
 
 BARDOLY, LOUIS STEPHEN (1893- ), 
 physician, born in Hungary, came to Cleve- 
 land in 1921. He practiced medicine there 
 until 1945, when he left to become director 
 of a hospital at Roslyn, N. Y. He wrote 
 several plays which were produced in Cleve- 
 land, including a play defending mercy- 
 killing: Personal Tragedy . . . , Cleveland, 
 1936. 
 
 BARDON, MINNA FEIBLEMAN (July 18, 
 1900- ), was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County. She attended Cincinnati pub- 
 lic schools and the University of Cincin- 
 nati. Wife of Emanuel Bardon, a printer, 
 she has written advertising for several Cin- 
 cinnati department stores and agencies, 
 
 edited Writer's Digest, and published fiction 
 and articles in periodicals. She has also pub- 
 lished a number of romances and mystery 
 novels, e.g., The Case of the Dead Grand- 
 mother, New York, [1937]. 
 
 BAREIS, GEORGE F. (July 23, 1852-Jan. 
 7, 1932), was born near Bremen, Fairfield 
 County. In 1854 he removed with his par- 
 ents to Empire Mills near Canal Winchester. 
 He was educated in district and public 
 schools. In the fall of 1868 he settled in 
 Canal Winchester, where he conducted a 
 successful lumber business. He was an en- 
 thusiastic student of history and archaeol- 
 ogy; he wrote History of Madison Town- 
 ship, Including Groveport and Canal Win- 
 chester, Franklin County, Ohio, Canal Win- 
 chester, 1902. 
 
 BARKER, JOHN MARSHALL (Oct. 1, 1849- 
 Feb., 1928), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Fredericktown, Knox County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1874 and Boston University (B.D., 1877; 
 Ph.D., 1892) and was ordained a Methodist 
 minister in 1876. He served churches in 
 Massachusetts, 1876-78, Mexico, 1878-85, 
 and New York State, 1885-89. After teach- 
 ing one year at Ohio Wesleyan, he joined 
 the sociology faculty at Boston University 
 in 1899 and taught there until his retire- 
 ment in 1921. He died at Newton Centre, 
 Mass. 
 History of Ohio Methodism; A Study in 
 
 Social Science, Cincinnati, 1898. 
 The Saloon Problem and Social Reform, 
 
 Boston, 1905. 
 The Social Gospel and the New Era, New 
 
 York, 1919. 
 
 BARKER, LAURA EMILY COOKE (June 
 9, 1866-April 28, 1927), was born in San- 
 dusky, Erie County. Her father, Pitt Cooke, 
 was associated with the banking firm or- 
 ganized by his brother, Jay Cooke. When 
 Jay Cooke & Co. failed in 1873, Pitt Cooke 
 returned to Sandusky and recouped much of 
 his lost fortune through real estate. Laura 
 Cooke married Franklyn S. Barker. She 
 died in Erie County. 
 
 Society Silhouettes . . . , Cleveland, 1898. 
 Mezzotints, Wausau, 1900. 
 The Immutable Law, Aurora, N. Y., 1921. 
 
 BARKER, MARY LUCRETIA (Mrs. M. L. 
 B. Franklin) (Aug. 5, 1912- ), was born 
 in Youngstown, Mahoning County. She at- 
 tended Ohio Wesleyan University and 
 Youngstown College. Since her marriage in 
 1946, she has lived in Denver. Colo. Her 
 poems, most of them published under her 
 
Barnard 
 
 34 
 
 maiden name, have appeared in various pe- 
 riodicals; and she has also published several 
 collections, e.g., Voices That Sang, Cedar 
 Rapids, Iowa, [1940]. 
 
 BARNARD, WILLIAM FRANCIS (c.1865- 
 May 21, 1947), advertising executive, 
 moved to Cleveland from Chicago in 1917. 
 He published two books on advertising and 
 two collections of poetry, e.g.. The Tongues 
 of Toil, and Other Poems, Chicago, 1911. 
 
 BARNES, FAYE KING. See Faye King. 
 
 BARNES, GILBERT HOBBS (March 30, 
 1889-Aug. 12, 1945), educator, was born 
 in Lincoln, Neb. He attended Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University for two years and grad- 
 uated from the University of Michigan in 
 1912; he later earned his doctorate at the 
 University of Michigan in 1929. He was 
 professor of economics at Ohio Wesleyan. 
 1920-45. He edited the letters of Theodore 
 Weld (q.v.) and wrote a book designed to 
 show that the antislavery movement orig- 
 inated in Ohio: The Antislavery Impulse, 
 1830-1844, New York, [1933]. WWW 2 
 
 BARNES, JEREMIAH ROOT (1808-1900), 
 clergyman, was born in Stonington, Conn. 
 After graduating from Yale Divinity School 
 in 1836, he served Congregational churches 
 in Indiana and Minnesota until 1886, when 
 he settled in Marietta. The last fourteen 
 years of his life were spent in that com- 
 munity. 
 
 Jephthah and His Daughter and Other 
 Poems, New York, 1887. 
 
 BARNES, LEMUEL CALL (Nov. 6, 1854- 
 July 18, 1938), clergyman, was born in 
 Kirtland, Lake County. He graduated from 
 Kalamazoo College in 1875 and from New- 
 ton Theological Institution in 1878. Or- 
 dained a Baptist minister in 1878, he 
 served as a pastor in Minnesota. Pennsyl- 
 vania, and Massachusetts. He retired from 
 the ministry in 1924. He died in Yonkers, 
 N. Y. A prolific writer, he wrote a num- 
 ber of books and articles on religious and 
 historical subjects, e.g.. Missions to the 
 Heathen, New York, [1910]. WWW 1 
 
 BARNES, WALTER (July 29. 1880- ), 
 educator, was born in Barnesville, Belmont 
 County. He graduated from West Virginia 
 University in 1905 and New York Univer- 
 sity (Ph.D.) in 1930. He taught English in 
 West Virginia and New York colleges, 
 1907-47. He now lives in West Braden- 
 ton, Fla. Besides articles on educational 
 subjects and textbooks on English, he has 
 
 written The Photoplay as Literary Art, 
 Newark, N. J., 1936. WW 27 
 
 BARNES, MRS. WILLIAM C. See Faye 
 
 King. 
 
 BARNEY, ELIAM E. (Oct. 14, 1807-1880), 
 was born in Jefferson County, N. Y. After 
 attending Lowville Academy and Union 
 Academy, Belleville, N. Y., he graduated 
 from Union College in 1831. In 1833 he 
 moved to Ohio, where he taught for six 
 months at Granville College, was principal 
 of Dayton Academy, 1834-38, and of 
 Cooper Female Academy, 1845-51. He 
 then entered business and established the 
 Dayton Car Works. Realizing that the for- 
 ests were rapidly disappearing, he became 
 interested in encouraging the growing of 
 catalpa trees. 
 
 Facts and Information in Relation to the 
 Catalpa Tree . . . , Dayton, 1878. 
 
 Additional Facts and Information in Rela- 
 tion to the Catalpa Tree . . . , Dayton, 
 [1879?]. 
 
 BARNITZ, ALBERT TROVILLO SIDERS 
 
 (March 10, 1833- ? ), was born in Everett, 
 Pa. He was brought to Ohio in his infancy 
 when his parents settled in Crawford 
 County. He attended Kenyon College, 
 1853-54. In the late 1850s he was a clerk 
 in the publishing firm of Mack R. Barnitz, 
 Cincinnati. He must have lived in Cincin- 
 nati for some time before the appearance 
 of his volume of verse in 1857, for that 
 work is dedicated to the Cincinnati pub- 
 lisher H. M. Rulison, who is referred to 
 therein as an early friend. According to 
 Coggeshall, Barnitz was teaching elocution 
 and studying law in Cleveland in 1860. 
 The Mystic Delvings, Cincinnati, 1857. 
 
 BARONE, ALLEN G. (Oct. 28, 1867-Nov. 
 17. 1947). was born in Homer Township, 
 Medina County. He attended district 
 schools and Ohio Business College, Mans- 
 field, after which he taught for a time at 
 Heidelberg College. He wrote Cosmogony, 
 A Study of the Origin of the World, Boston, 
 1937. 
 
 BARR, GRANVILLE WALTER (Oct. 25, 
 1860-March 29, 1939), physician and jour- 
 nalist, was born in Medway, Clark County. 
 He attended Asbury College, 1877-80, 
 Rush Medical College, 1882-83, and Jef- 
 ferson Medical College, 1883-84. As a stu- 
 dent at Asbury he was active in journalism, 
 and in 1880 he and Lucien Stephens com- 
 piled The Songs of Asbury University. He 
 taught at the College of Physicians and 
 
35 
 
 Barrett, S. H. 
 
 Surgeons, Keokuk, Iowa, 1890-98, and at 
 Highland Park College of Pharmacy in Des 
 Moines, 1915-16. As a journalist he was 
 on the staff of the Keokuk Gate City, 1899- 
 1902, and the Keokuk Standard, 1902-10. 
 He wrote many articles and stories for 
 magazines and medical journals. His books 
 include Shacklett, the Evolution of a 
 Statesman, New York, 1901. WW 13 
 
 BARRETT, BENJAMIN FISKE (June 24, 
 1808-Aug. 6, 1892), Swedenborgian 
 preacher and writer, was born in Dresden, 
 Maine. He graduated from Harvard Di- 
 vinity School in 1838 and was ordained as 
 a Unitarian minister. He had already be- 
 come interested in the New Church Society, 
 and in 1840 he became a New Church 
 preacher in New York City. From 1848 to 
 1850 he was with the New Church Society 
 in Cincinnati. The remainder of his life 
 was spent in Philadelphia and German- 
 town. His numerous publications include 
 Life of Emanuel Swedenborg . . . , New 
 York, 1841. 
 
 BARRETT, DON CARLOS (April 22. 1868- 
 Jan. 19, 1943), educator, was born in 
 Spring Valley, Greene County. He grad- 
 uated from Earlham College in 1889 and 
 Harvard University (Ph.D.) in 1901 and 
 also studied in Germany. He served on the 
 faculties of Earlham College. Harvard Uni- 
 versity, and Haverford College. Besides 
 many articles in journals, he published The 
 Greenback and Resumption of Specie Pay- 
 ment, 1862-1879, Cambridge, Mass., 1931. 
 WWW 2 
 
 BARRETT, EDNA DUERINGER (Sept. 15, 
 1896-Nov. 4, 1947), was born in Den- 
 nison, Tuscarawas County. A resident of 
 Cleveland for many years, she died in Al- 
 liance. She published Mrs. Colletti, and 
 Other Poems, Los Angeles, [1936]. 
 
 BARRETT, FRED W. (Nov. 15, 1858-March 
 25, 1951), publisher, was born in Oxford, 
 Butler County. His parents moved to 
 Springfield in 1860, and he spent the rest 
 of his life in that community. He was pres- 
 ident of Barrett Brothers, publishers of le- 
 gal forms. He wrote From a Diarv, Spring- 
 field, 1934. 
 
 BARRETT, GEORGE (Dec. 6. 1796-Aug. 
 18, 1875), manufacturer, was born in 
 Danby, Vt. In 1839 he moved to Dela- 
 ware, where he operated a woolen mill, 
 and in 1843 he moved to Spring Valley, 
 Greene County, where he built a mill. He 
 was a member of the Society of Friends 
 
 and a firm abolitionist. When his house 
 burned, he determined to erect one that 
 could not burn. Following an account in a 
 New York newspaper and improvising 
 when necessary, he erected a house of 
 concrete, probably the first such building 
 in Ohio. His book describing the construc- 
 tion is certainly one of the first do-it-your- 
 self books. 
 
 The Poor Man's Home, and Rich Man's 
 Palace . . . , Cincinnati, 1854. 
 
 BARRETT, JOHN PRESSLEY (Feb. 5, 
 1852-May 1, 1924), clergyman, was born 
 in Isle of Wight County, Va. A minister of 
 the Christian Church, he served churches 
 in Montgomery County, 1903-19, and also 
 edited the Herald of Gospel Liberty, pub- 
 lished in Dayton. He died in Winston-Salem, 
 N. C. He published his autobiography, 
 Forty Years on the Firing Line; Or, Scenes, 
 Incidents, and Experiences along the Way 
 of a Soldier of the Cross . . . , Dayton, 
 [1914]. OBB 
 
 BARRETT, JOSEPH HARTWELL (April 
 15, 1824-April 9, 1910), journalist, was 
 born in Ludlow, Vt. In 1857 he moved to 
 Cincinnati, where he served on the Daily 
 Gazette, 1857-61, and on the Daily Chron- 
 icle and Times, 1868-79. His biography of 
 Lincoln was enlarged and reissued in 1864 
 and again in 1865. He died at Loveland. 
 Life of Abraham Lincoln . . . , Cincinnati. 
 
 1860. 
 Abraham Lincoln and the Presidency, 2 
 vols., Cincinnati, 1904. 
 
 BARRETT, LEONARD ANDREW (Nov. 1, 
 1874-Feb. 27, 1945), clergyman, was born 
 in Covington, Ky. He graduated from Cen- 
 tre College in 1898 and McCormick Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1900. Ordained in the 
 Presbyterian ministry, he served a church 
 in Cleveland, 1903-11, and he spent his last 
 years in Wooster. His writings include Es- 
 sence of Christianity, New York, [1929]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 BARRETT, SELAH HIBBARD (Feb. 24, 
 1822-1883), clergyman, was born in Rut- 
 land, Meigs County. He joined the Free 
 Will Baptist Church in 1838 and soon after- 
 ward, though almost entirely self-educated, 
 he began teaching school. In 1845 he be- 
 gan preaching; although he traveled as an 
 evangelist throughout the Eastern states and 
 Canada, Rutland remained his home. At 
 one time he operated a drugstore there. 
 The Journal of Selah Hibbard Barrett, 
 
 Pomeroy, 1847. 
 Autobiography . . . , Rutland, [1872]. 
 
Barringer 
 
 36 
 
 BARRINGER, EDWIN C. (Sept. 19, 1892- 
 ), journalist, was born in Sandusky, Erie 
 County, but attended public schools in Fre- 
 mont, where his parents moved in 1900. He 
 attended Case Institute of Technology and 
 Western Reserve University, worked on 
 Cleveland and Columbus newspapers, 
 1912-17, was an associate editor of Penton 
 Publishing Co., Cleveland, 1917-38, and in 
 1938 became executive secretary of the 
 Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel. He pub- 
 lished a pamphlet on scrap steel: The Story 
 of Scrap . . . , New York, [1939], which he 
 enlarged and republished in 1947. WWCI 8 
 
 BARROWS, ELIJAH PORTER (Jan. 5, 
 1805-Sept. 14, 1888), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, born in Mansfield, Conn., graduated 
 from Yale University in 1826. He was a 
 school principal in Hartford, Conn., 1826— 
 31, was ordained to the Presbyterian min- 
 istry in 1832, and served as pastor of the 
 First Free Presbyterian Church, New York 
 City, 1832-37. He served on the faculty of 
 Western Reserve College, 1837-52, An- 
 dover Theological Seminary, 1853-66, and 
 Oberlin Theological Seminary, 1871-80. 
 
 A View of the American Slavery Question, 
 
 New York, 1836. 
 Memoir of Everton Judson, Boston, 1852. 
 Sacred Geography, and Antiquities . . . , 
 
 New York, [1872]. 
 
 BARROWS, JOHN HENRY (July 11, 1847- 
 June 3, 1902), clergyman and educator, 
 born in Medina, Mich., served pastorates 
 in various states before becoming presi- 
 dent of Oberlin College in 1898. During his 
 administration he attempted to improve re- 
 lations between the town and the college. 
 He wrote several books, including a life of 
 Henry Ward Beecher and The Christian 
 Conquest of Asia . . . , New York, 1899. 
 
 BARSCHAK, ERNA (Sept. 12, 1898-Oct. 12, 
 1958), educator, born in Berlin, Germany, 
 was a member of the psychology depart- 
 ment, Miami University, from 1942 until 
 her death. Besides professional publications, 
 she published My American Adventure, 
 New York, 1945. WWAW 1 
 
 BARTELLE, JOHN PETER (Oct. 24, 1858- 
 Jan. 8, 1946), was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County. He was secretary of the Kelsey- 
 Freeman Lumber Co. and associate editor 
 of the Wood Construction Publishing Co. 
 After completing forty years in the lumber 
 business, he wrote a volume of reminis- 
 cences: Forty Years on the Road, Cedar 
 Rapids, Iowa, 1925. 
 
 BARTH, HAROLD BRADSHAW (July 25, 
 1884- ), was born in East Liverpool, 
 Columbiana County. He attended East Liv- 
 erpool schools, Mercersburg Academy, Pa., 
 and the Byron King School of Oratory. He 
 was secretary of the East Liverpool Cham- 
 ber of Commerce for twenty years and is 
 now curator of the East Liverpool His- 
 torical Society Museum. He prepared for 
 publication History of Columbiana County 
 . . . , 2 vols., Indianapolis, 1926. 
 
 BARTHOLOMEW, PAUL CHARLES (July 
 15, 1907- ), educator, was born in Salem, 
 Columbiana County. He graduated from the 
 University of Notre Dame in 1929 and the 
 University of Kentucky (Ph.D.) in 1938. 
 He has been on the Notre Dame faculty in 
 the department of political science since 
 1929. He has published American Govern- 
 ment under the Constitution, Dubuque, 
 Iowa, 1947. WW 30 
 
 BARTLETT, ALICE ELINOR (1848-1920), 
 born in Wisconsin, was a reporter for the 
 Toledo Blade, 1872-75. She afterward lived 
 in Chicago, where she wrote a number of 
 novels. She often wrote under the pen name 
 Birch Arnold. 
 Until the Day Break, Philadelphia, [1877]. 
 
 BARTLETT, CECIL RICHMOND. See Cecil 
 Jane Richmond. 
 
 BARTLETT, EDWIN JULIUS (Feb. 16, 
 1851-June 10, 1932), educator, was born 
 in Hudson, Summit County. After graduat- 
 ing from Dartmouth College in 1872, he 
 taught school in Illinois and studied medi- 
 cine. He graduated from Rush Medical Col- 
 lege, Chicago, in 1879 but did not practice. 
 He was in the chemistry department, Dart- 
 mouth, 1879-1920. Besides textbooks and 
 genealogical works, he published A Dart- 
 mouth Book of Remembrance . . . , Hano- 
 ver, N. H., 1922. WWW 1 
 
 BARTLETT, WILLARD W. (1884- ), 
 educator, was born in New York State. He 
 graduated from Colgate University in 1910 
 and Ohio State University (Ph.D.) in 1933. 
 He spent the years 1915-25 in the Orient. 
 He returned to the United States to become 
 assistant to the president of Carleton Col- 
 lege in Minnesota. He was later president of 
 Rio Grande College in Ohio, and he 
 was head of the Department of Education, 
 Otterbein College, 1936-46. Since his retire- 
 ment he has lived in Claremont, Calif. He 
 wrote Education for Humanity, the His- 
 tory of Otterbein College, Westerville, 1934. 
 
37 
 
 Bates, D. H. 
 
 HARTLEY, THOMAS WELLES (Feb. 11, 
 1812-June 20, 1885), lawyer, was born in 
 Jefferson County. After the close of the 
 War of 1812 his family settled on a farm 
 near Mansfield, Richland County. He at- 
 tended Jefferson College, Pa., studied law, 
 and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1833. 
 After long service in the general assembly 
 he was elected speaker of the state senate 
 in 1843, and upon Shannon's resignation he 
 became acting governor from April 15 to 
 Dec. 3, 1844. Elected to the state supreme 
 court, he served from Feb., 1852. to Feb., 
 1859, serving as chief justice for three 
 years. He practiced law in Mansfield, Cin- 
 cinnati, and Washington. D. C. from 1859 
 until his death. Many of his speeches were 
 published separately. 
 
 The Rights of the Owners of Private Prop- 
 erties Taken in War, to Just Compensa- 
 tion . . . , Washington, D. C, 1873. 
 A Review of the Currency Question, with 
 Special Reference to Fiat Money Doc- 
 trine, Washington, D. C, 1879. 
 
 BARTON, BRUCE (Aug. 5, 1886- ), ad- 
 vertising executive, born in Robbins, Tenn., 
 spent his early boyhood in Ohio while his 
 father Rev. William E. Barton (q.v.) was 
 attending Oberlin Seminary and serving as 
 a pastor. After graduating from Amherst 
 College in 1907, he edited the Home Her- 
 ald, Housekeeper, and Every Week and was 
 an assistant sales manager for P. F. Collier 
 & Son. He became one of the country's 
 leading advertising men and is now chair- 
 man of the board of Batten, Barton, Durs- 
 tine, and Osborn. He has written many 
 articles and a number of books, the best 
 known of which was a best seller for two 
 years: The Man Nobody Knows; A Discov- 
 ery of Jesus, Indianapolis, [1925]. WW 30 
 
 BARTON, FRED BUSHNELL (April 30, 
 1891- ), was born in Wellington, Lo- 
 rain County, the son of Rev. William E. 
 Barton and younger brother of Bruce Bar- 
 ton (qq.v. ). He graduated from Amherst 
 College in 1912 and has been in the adver- 
 tising business in Akron since 1918. He was 
 a war correspondent in World War II. He 
 has written several books on hobbies, sales- 
 manship, and similar topics, e.g., Let Your- 
 self Go ... , New York, 1937. 
 
 BARTON, THOMAS H. (Dec. 8. 1828-Dec. 
 28, 1911), was born in Bedford Township, 
 Meigs County. He was educated in local 
 schools and studied medicine under his 
 brother. He began practicing in 1851. Dur- 
 ing the Civil War he was a hospital stew- 
 ard for three years in the 4th West Vir- 
 
 ginia Infantry. After the war he returned 
 to the practice of medicine, served a term 
 as justice of the peace, and became a retail 
 druggist. As a full and interesting narrative 
 of his personal experience in the Civil War, 
 his book is important. On the other hand, 
 he has recorded in great detail his expe- 
 riences as a physician, justice of the peace, 
 and druggist in Meigs County, and his book 
 is also an important contribution to the 
 local history of the county. He died in Syra- 
 cuse, Meigs County. 
 
 Autobiography of Dr. Thomas H. Barton, 
 the Self-made Physician of Syracuse, 
 Ohio . . . , Charleston, W. Va., 1890. 
 
 BARTON, WILLIAM ELEAZER (June 28, 
 1861-Dec. 7, 1930), clergyman, father of 
 Bruce and Fred B. Barton (qq.v.), born in 
 Sublette, 111., graduated from Oberlin Sem- 
 inary in 1890 and afterward served Con- 
 gregational churches in northeastern Ohio 
 until 1899, when he moved to Oak Park, 
 111. He wrote a number of biographies and 
 religious books; while in Ohio, he published 
 Life in the Hills of Kentucky, Oberlin, 
 1890. 
 
 BASCOM, HENRY BIDLEMAN (May 27, 
 1796-Sept. 8, 1850), clergyman, born in 
 Hancock, N. Y., spent the formative years 
 of his ministry in Ohio. His family moved 
 first to western New York, then to Mays- 
 ville, Ky., and in 1813 to Brown County, 
 Ohio. Here at the age of seventeen he was 
 licensed as a Methodist preacher. For three 
 years he preached on circuit in the Ohio 
 Corference. After preaching in Tennessee 
 and Kentucky, he was returned to Ohio for 
 one more year, 1822-23. He later served as 
 chaplain of the U. S. Senate, as president of 
 Transylvania University, and as Bishop of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. He 
 published Methodism and Slavery, [Frank- 
 fort, Ky., 1845], and two volumes of ser- 
 mons, which sold widely. His Works were 
 published in four volumes. He was a pow- 
 erful orator and took an active part in the 
 debates that led to the division of the 
 Methodist churches. 
 
 BATES, DAVID HOMER (c.l837-June 15, 
 1926), telegrapher, was born in Steuben- 
 ville, Jefferson County. He was a railroad 
 telegrapher at Altoona, Pa., when on April 
 22, 1861, he became one of the first four 
 operators to form the nucleus of the U. S. 
 Military Telegraph Corps. He was assigned 
 to duty in the telegraph office of the War 
 Department, where he served throughout 
 the Civil War. His duties threw him into 
 
Bates, E. 
 
 38 
 
 intimate contact with President Lincoln. 
 "The bonds were close between Lincoln 
 and David Homer Bates," wrote Carl Sand- 
 burg, one of several leading writers on Lin- 
 coln who have leaned heavily upon Bates's 
 Recollections. After the Civil War Bates 
 worked for Western Union. He wrote Lin- 
 coln in the Telegraph Office. Recollections 
 of the United States Military Telegraph 
 Corps during the Civil War, New York, 
 1907. 
 
 BATES, ELISHA (c. 1779-1861), was born 
 in Virginia. Around 1817 he came to 
 Mount Pleasant, Belmont County, where 
 he became the leader of orthodox Quakers 
 in Ohio and also published several maga- 
 zines: The Philanthropist, 1818-22, The 
 Moral Advocate, 1821-22, and The Miscel- 
 laneous Repository, 1829-36. He spent 
 some years in England. 
 The Juvenile Expositor . . . , Mount Pleas- 
 ant, 1821. 
 The Doctrines of Friends . . . , Mount 
 
 Pleasant, 1825. 
 The Retrospect: Or, Reflections of the 
 
 Goodness of Providence . . . , Mount 
 
 Pleasant, 1825. 
 Sermons Preached by Mr. Elisha Bates . . . 
 
 With Extracts from His Writings . . . , 
 
 London, England, 1836. 
 An Examination of Certain Proceedings 
 
 and Principles of the Society of Friends 
 
 . . . , St. Clairsville, 1837. 
 
 BATES, ERNEST SUTHERLAND (Oct. 14, 
 1879-Dec. 4, 1939), educator, was born in 
 Gambier, Knox County. He attended Uni- 
 versity School in Cleveland and graduated 
 from the University of Michigan in 1902 
 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1908. 
 He taught at Oberlin College, the Univer- 
 sity of Arizona, and the University of 
 Oregon. Although he wrote on a variety 
 of subjects, he is best known for his books 
 and articles about the Bible, e.g.. Biography 
 of the Bible .... New York, 1937. WWW 1 
 
 BATES, JAMES LAWRENCE (Jan. 4, 1815- 
 May 2, 1890), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in Canandaigua, N. Y. After graduating 
 from Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y., in 
 1833, he read law. He came to Columbus 
 in 1835 and began to practice. He served 
 as a judge in Franklin County, 1851-66, 
 and as director of the Ohio State Peniten- 
 tiary, 1866-74. He wrote a life of his 
 father-in-law, Alfred Kelley. His death oc- 
 curred in Columbus. 
 
 Alfred Kelley; His Life and Work, Colum- 
 bus, 1888. 
 
 BATES, MARGARET HOLMES ERN- 
 SPERGER (Oct. 6, 1844-1927), was born 
 in Fremont, Sandusky County. After teach- 
 ing school in Ohio and Indiana, she mar- 
 ried Charles A. Bates of Indianapolis. She 
 wrote book reviews, articles, and poems and 
 compiled several collections of recitations 
 and monologues for school use. Around 
 1890 she moved to New York City; her 
 death occurred in that city. The Chamber 
 over the Gate and A Woman's Love were 
 published under the pen name Margaret 
 Holmes. 
 
 Manitou, Indianapolis, 1881. 
 The Chamber over the Gate, Indianapolis, 
 
 1886. 
 The Price of the Ring, Chicago, 1892. 
 Shylock's Daughter, Chicago, 1894. 
 Jasper Fairfax, New York, [1897]. 
 In the First Degree, New York, 1907. 
 Silas Kirkendowne's Sons, Boston, 1908. 
 Paying the Piper, New York, 1910. 
 Hildegarde, and Other Lyrics, New York, 
 
 [19H]. 
 Browning Critiques, Chicago, 1921. 
 A Woman's Love, Chicago, [n.d.]. 
 
 BATES, MINER SEARLE (May 28, 1897- 
 ), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Newark, Licking County, the son of 
 Miner Lee Bates, Disciples of Christ clergy- 
 man and president of Hiram College from 
 1908 to 1921. After graduating from Hi- 
 ram in 1916. he was named a Rhodes 
 scholar and studied at Oxford; he later 
 earned a Ph.D. in history from Yale Uni- 
 versity in 1935. He was on the faculty of 
 Nanking University, 1920-50, and since 
 1950 has taught at Union Theological Sem- 
 inary. He has written Half of Humanity; 
 Far Eastern Peoples and Problems, New 
 York, [1942]. DAS 3 
 
 BATES, RALPH ORR (June 29, 1847-Dec. 
 27, 1909), was born in Mansfield, Richland 
 County. He enlisted in the 9th Ohio Cav- 
 alry in 1862; he subsequently was captured 
 and confined in various prisons in the Con- 
 federacy. Upon his release from Anderson- 
 ville in an incredibly weakened condition, 
 he claimed to have been sent to Washing- 
 ton by General Sherman, as a horrible ex- 
 ample of the manner in which Federal 
 prisoners were being treated at Anderson- 
 ville. He finally returned to his home in 
 Mansfield, where his former neighbors 
 were outraged by his appearance. After- 
 ward he went on the lecture platform and 
 traveled about the United States giving his 
 lecture, "From Andersonville Prison, Geor- 
 gia, to the White House." A careful search 
 of Mansfield newspaper files and other rec- 
 
39 
 
 Baxter, W. 
 
 ords, however, reveals nothing to confirm 
 Bates's story; and the directories of Mans- 
 field do not disclose his name or that of 
 his father, Calvin, who is supposed to have 
 been most active in "putting down the re- 
 bellion." He died at Santa Cruz, Calif. A 
 posthumous book was published: Billy and 
 Dick from Andersonville Prison to the 
 White House, Santa Cruz, Calif., 1910. 
 
 BATH, CYRIL JOHN (Dec. 21, 1890- ), 
 manufacturer, was born in London, Eng- 
 land, but has lived in Cuyahoga County 
 since 1909. President of Cyril Bath Co., 
 Solon, manufacturers of heavy machine 
 tools, he has also published numerous 
 pamphlets on economic and international 
 questions, e.g., Europe in the Modern Age, 
 New York, [1948]. 
 
 BAUDER, LEVI F. (Jan. 28, 1840-Oct. 2, 
 1913), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He attended Oberlin College and 
 later taught school. During the Civil War 
 he served in the 7th O.V.I, and was dis- 
 charged with the rank of ordnance ser- 
 geant. He was auditor of Cuyahoga County, 
 1879-81, and for several years was a justice 
 of the peace. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1890. For five years he was a member 
 of the board of the Cleveland Public Li- 
 brary. An inveterate contributor of short 
 poems to Cleveland newspapers, he printed 
 Passing Fancies for private circulation. 
 Passing Fancies: Poems, Cleveland, 1880. 
 
 BAUER, MARY T. (March 25, 1885-Aug. 
 24, 1949), educator, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. After graduating from 
 Cleveland Kindergarten Training School in 
 1905, she taught in Cleveland kindergartens 
 until her retirement in 1944. She died in 
 Cleveland at the age of 64. She published 
 Happy Childhood, Boston, [1934]. 
 
 BAUGHMAN, ABRAHAM J. (Sept. 5, 1838- 
 Oct. 1, 1913), journalist and historian, was 
 born in Richland County. He attended dis- 
 trict schools, taught school, and studied 
 law. He was connected with the New York 
 World and the Chicago Inter-Ocean and 
 also worked on a number of Ohio news- 
 papers. His death occurred in Mansfield. He 
 wrote several histories of Ohio counties, 
 e.g., History of Richland County . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1908. 
 
 BAUSLIN, DAVID HENRY (Jan. 21, 1854- 
 March 3, 1922), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Winchester, Va. He graduated 
 from Wittenberg College in 1876 and from 
 
 the seminary in 1878. Ordained a Lutheran 
 minister in 1878, he served as pastor in 
 several Ohio churches, 1878-96; he then 
 became professor of practical theology in 
 Wittenberg Theological Seminary and was 
 made dean in 1911. He was editor of the 
 Lutheran World, 1901-12. His death oc- 
 curred in Bucyrus. His writings on religious 
 subjects include The Lutheran Movement 
 of the Sixteenth Century; An Interpretation, 
 Philadelphia, [1919]. 
 
 BAUMELER, JOSEPH MICHAEL. See 
 
 Joseph M. Bimeler. 
 
 BAXTER, SAMUEL ALEXANDER (Oct. 26, 
 1839-Jan. 5, 1908), physician and financier, 
 was born in Lima, Allen County. He col- 
 laborated with Charles C. Miller in writing 
 History of Allen County, Chicago, 1906. 
 
 BAXTER, WILLIAM (July 6, 1820-Feb. 11, 
 1880), clergyman, was born in Leeds, York- 
 shire, and was brought to Allegheny City, 
 Pa., by his parents in 1828. When he was 
 eighteen he joined the Disciples of Christ, 
 and after his graduation from Bethany Col- 
 lege in 1845 he devoted the rest of his life 
 to church-related service. He served pasto- 
 rates in Pennsylvania, Mississippi, and Loui- 
 siana, and for three years he was a profes- 
 sor at Newton College, Miss. On March 7, 
 1854, he married Mrs. Fidelia Vail, the 
 widow of a Mississippi planter but a native 
 of Massachusetts. Presumably she shared 
 her new husband's antislavery views. In 
 1859 he became president of Arkansas Col- 
 lege in Fayetteville, Ark. When the war 
 broki out and the student body disinte- 
 grated, Baxter was unable to maintain his 
 pro-Northern views in safety, and the col- 
 lege building, used as a barracks, was 
 burned on March 4, 1862. Baxter and his 
 family fled the state. His Pea Ridge and 
 Prairie Grove describes the experiences of 
 a Northern sympathizer in a border state. 
 Baxter wrote war poems which were pub- 
 lished in Harper's Weekly, other poems, and 
 the popular hymn "Let Me Go." In Cincin- 
 nati from 1863 to 1865, he was active as a 
 journalist and preacher. From 1865 to 1875 
 he was pastor of the Christian church at 
 Lisbon. Some of his temperance speeches 
 were published in pamphlet form. He died 
 in New Castle, Pa. 
 
 Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove; Or, Scenes 
 and Incidents of the War in Arkansas, 
 Cincinnati, 1864. 
 Life of Elder Walter Scott . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1874. 
 Life of Knowles Shaw, the Singing Evan- 
 gelist, Cincinnati, 1879. 
 
Bayer, E. R. 
 
 40 
 
 BAYER, ELEANOR R. (Oct. 13, 1914- ), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 She graduated from Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity in 1935. She has published maga- 
 zine fiction and with her husband, Leo G. 
 Bayer (q.v.), has published several mystery 
 novels under the pen name Oliver Weld 
 Bayer, e.g., Brutal Question, New York, 
 1947. 
 
 BAYER, LEO G. (Sept. 6, 1908- ), lawyer, 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 and graduated from Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity (A.B., LL.B.). He began practicing 
 law in Cleveland in 1933. He has col- 
 laborated with his wife, Eleanor R. Bayer 
 (q.v.), in writing several mystery stories. 
 
 BAYER, OLIVER WELD. Pseud. See Eleanor 
 R. and Leo G. Bayer. 
 
 BEACH, ARTHUR GRANDVILLE (Nov. 29, 
 1870-Jan. 28, 1934), educator, was born 
 in Marietta, Washington County. He grad- 
 uated from Marietta College in 1891 and 
 Yale Divinity School in 1896. After serv- 
 ing about fifteen years as a Congregation- 
 alist minister, he completed his doctorate 
 at the University of Michigan in 1913 and 
 joined the Marietta faculty as professor of 
 English in the same year. He wrote A Pio- 
 neer College; The Story of Marietta . . . , 
 [Chicago], 1935. WWW 1 
 
 BEACH, EDWARD LATIMER (June 30, 
 1867-Dec. 20, 1943), naval officer, was 
 born in Toledo, Lucas County. He grad- 
 uated from the U. S. Naval Academy in 
 1888 and served in the Regular Navy until 
 1921. After his retirement he was a lec- 
 turer at Stanford University. His death oc- 
 curred at Palo Alto, Calif. He wrote a 
 number of novels on navy life. e.g.. An An- 
 napolis Plebe, Philadelphia, 1907. WW 16 
 
 BEACH, JOHN NOBLE (Jan. 29, 1829-July 
 17, 1897), physician, was born in Amity, 
 Madison County. He studied at Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University and at Starling Medical 
 College, where he graduated in 1850. He 
 practiced at Unionville Center and Plain 
 City, and after 1858 at Jefferson. He served 
 in the Civil War with the 40th O.V.I. 
 History of the Fortieth Ohio Volunteer In- 
 fantry, London, 1884. 
 
 BEADLE, JOHN HANSON (March 14, 1840- 
 Jan. 15, 1897), journalist, was born in 
 Parke County, Ind. In 1867 he was em- 
 ployed on the editorial staff of the Cincin- 
 nati Commercial and went to the Far West 
 as correspondent of that newspaper in the 
 
 summer of 1868. He served as correspond- 
 ent of the Commercial for a number of 
 years in the Far West and in Ohio, finally 
 severing the connection when he became 
 owner-editor of the Rockville, Ind., Trib- 
 une in 1879. He wrote a number of books 
 which had a popular appeal, e.g., Life in 
 Utah; Or, the Mysteries and Crimes of 
 Mormonism . . . , Philadelphia, 1870. 
 
 BEALL, EMMA JACOBS REBECCA (July 
 2, 1865-?), was born near New Phila- 
 delphia, Tuscarawas County. She taught 
 school and afterward studied nursing in 
 Illinois. In 1905 she married Dr. Judson 
 T. Beall of Coshocton. In 1940 she was 
 a resident of Los Angeles, Calif. She wrote 
 A New Day, [Los Angeles, 1940]. 
 
 BEAN, ELIJAH HARRY (April 25, 1875- 
 ), osteopathic physician, was born in 
 Guysville, Athens County. After graduating 
 from the American School of Osteopathy, 
 Kirksville, Mo., in 1910. he practiced in 
 Columbus. He now lives in Pensacola, Fla. 
 He has written several medical articles and 
 one book, Food Fundamentals; A View of 
 Ill-Health as Caused by Wrong Habits of 
 Living . . . , [Columbus, 1916]. OBB 
 
 BEAR, JOHN W. (1800-Feb. 12, 1880), 
 born in Frederick County, Md., was made 
 a bound boy working in a tavern, but ran 
 away in 1816 and came to Belmont County. 
 He served for a time at the Wyandot Indian 
 Agency at Upper Sandusky and also lived 
 in other parts of the state. At the Whig 
 Convention of 1840 in Columbus, he ap- 
 peared on the platform wearing his black- 
 smith's apron and carrying his hammer 
 and tongs. Called the "Buckeye Black- 
 smith," he was widely known as a political 
 orator and also lectured on temperance. 
 He later served in the customs house in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. In his autobiography he 
 advises his readers to avoid politics and 
 strong drink. 
 
 Life and Travels of John W. Bear, "The 
 Buckeye Blacksmith" . . . , Baltimore, 
 1873. 
 
 BEARD, ADELIA BELLE (1857-Feb. 16, 
 1920). was born in Painesville, Lake 
 County. She was educated in private schools, 
 studied drawing and painting at Cooper 
 Union and the Art Students' League, taught 
 drawing, and was an illustrator for books 
 and magazines. She also invented the 
 "Beard animals" and the "Beard birds." She 
 and her younger sister, Mary Caroline 
 (q.v.), lived in Flushing, Long Island. All 
 of the titles below are collaborations. 
 
41 
 
 Beard, J. C. 
 
 How to Amuse Yourself and Others . . . , 
 
 New York, 1887. 
 New Ideas for Work and Play . . . , New 
 
 York, 1902. 
 Indoor and Outdoor Handicraft and Rec- 
 reation for Girls, New York, 1904. 
 Things Worth Doing and How to Do 
 
 Them, New York, 1906. 
 Home Mission Handicraft . . . , New York, 
 
 1908. 
 Little Folks' Handy Book, New York, 1910. 
 The National Organization, Girl Pioneers of 
 
 America . . . , New York, 1914. 
 On the Trail; An Outdoor Book for Girls, 
 
 New York, 1915. 
 Mother Nature's Toy-Shop, New York, 
 
 [1918]. 
 
 BEARD, DANIEL CARTER (June 21, 1850- 
 June 11, 1941), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. His father, James Henry 
 Beard (May 20, 1812-April 4, 1893), had 
 come to Cincinnati from Painesville around 
 1835; he was a successful portrait painter, 
 and his four sons and two daughters all be- 
 came artists. Daniel attended school in 
 Covington, Ky. His boyhood spent on the 
 shores of the Ohio River left him with a 
 lifelong love of the outdoors and an interest 
 in pioneer life. While in his late teens, he 
 began work as a surveyor in the office of 
 the Cincinnati city engineer. He became a 
 skillful map-maker. Discovering a gift for 
 drawing animals, he followed the lead of 
 his brothers and sisters in determining to 
 become an artist. He went to New York, 
 studied at the Art Students' League, 1880— 
 84, and worked on various magazines. He 
 taught drawing at the Women's School of 
 Applied Design. He illustrated various 
 books, including Mark Twain's Connecticut 
 Yankee at King Arthur's Court. His books 
 and articles for boys were extremely pop- 
 ular, and he organized the Sons of Daniel 
 Boone and Boy Pioneers; but his nation-wide 
 fame began in 1910 when he joined Ernest 
 Thompson Seton and others in forming the 
 Boy Scouts of America. Until his death 
 he was known as Uncle Dan to millions of 
 Boy Scouts. Throughout this period he 
 wrote regularly for Boys' Life. Wearing a 
 buckskin costume he lectured to boys' 
 groups. He died at Suffern, N. Y. 
 
 What to Do and How to Do It ... , 
 
 New York, 1882. 
 Moonblight and Six Feet of Romance, New 
 
 York, 1892. 
 Outdoor Games for All Seasons . . . , New 
 
 York, 1896. 
 For Playground, Field and Forest . . . , 
 
 New York, 1900. 
 
 New Ideas for American Boys . . . , New 
 York, 1900. 
 
 The Jack of All Trades: Fair Weather 
 Ideas, New York, 1904. 
 
 New Ideas for Out of Doors . . . , New 
 York, [1906]. 
 
 Dan Beard's Animal Book and Camp-fire 
 Stories, New York, 1907. 
 
 The Boy Pioneers, Sons of Daniel Boone, 
 New York, 1909. 
 
 Boat-building and Boating, New York, 1911. 
 
 Shelters, Shacks, and Shanties, New York, 
 1914. 
 
 The American Boys' Book of Bugs, Butter- 
 flies and Beetles, Philadelphia, 1915. 
 
 Camp Hints for Hike and Bike . . . , [New 
 York, 1916]. 
 
 The American Boys' Book of Signs, Signals 
 and Symbols, Philadelphia, 1918. 
 
 The American Boys' Handybook of Camp- 
 Lore and Woodcraft, Philadelphia, 1920. 
 
 The Black Wolf Pack, New York, 1922. 
 
 The American Boys' Book of Birds and 
 Brownies of the Woods, Philadelphia, 
 1923. 
 
 Do It Yourself: A Book of the Big Out- 
 doors, Philadelphia, 1925. 
 
 Wisdom of the Woods, Philadelphia, 1926. 
 
 Buckskin Book for Buckskin Men and Boys, 
 Philadelphia, [1929]. 
 
 Boy Heroes of Today . . . , New York, 
 1932. 
 
 Hardly a Man Is Now Alive . . . , New 
 York, 1939. 
 
 BEARD, FRANK. See Thomas F. Beard. 
 
 BEARD, JAMES CARTER (June 6, 1837- 
 Nov. 15, 1913), artist, older brother of 
 Daniel C. Beard (q.v.), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He read law 
 with Rutherford B. Hayes and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1861, but practiced 
 only briefly. Like his talented brothers and 
 sisters he turned to art and enjoyed great 
 success as an illustrator of books and maga- 
 zine articles. He was probably best known 
 for his articles on nature in St. Nicholas 
 and other national magazines. He served 
 for many years on the staff of D. Appleton 
 and Company. He lived in Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 until around 1910, when he moved to New 
 Orleans, where he spent the last three years 
 of his life. 
 
 Little Workers . . . , New York, 1871. 
 The Artist's Manual . . . , New York, 
 
 [1877]. 
 Painting on China . . . , New York, [1882]. 
 Curious Homes and Their Tenants, New 
 
 York, 1897. 
 Billy Possum, New York, [1909]. 
 
Beard, M. C. 
 
 42 
 
 BEARD, MARY CAROLINE (Lina) (1853- 
 Aug. 13, 1933), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She attended a private 
 school in Covington, Ky., and Wesleyan 
 Academy, Cincinnati; and like her sister, 
 Adelia (q.v.), studied art in New York. 
 She founded the Good Citizenship League 
 of Flushing, Long Island, and the Girl 
 Pioneers of America, an organization in- 
 tended to parallel the Boy Pioneers, founded 
 by her brother, Daniel Carter Beard (q.v.). 
 All of her books were written with her 
 sister, Adelia. 
 
 BEARD, THOMAS FRANCIS (Feb. 6, 1842- 
 Sept. 28, 1905), known professionally as 
 Frank Beard, was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County, the son of James Henry 
 Beard, a portrait painter. At the age of 
 twelve he began submitting sketches to na- 
 tional magazines. While serving with the 
 7th O.V.I., he drew sketches for Leslie's 
 Weekly and Harper's Weekly. After the 
 war he lectured widely and developed the 
 chalk talk as his specialty; he also provided 
 illustrations and cartoons for Judge and 
 other periodicals. He was professor of es- 
 thetics at Syracuse University, 1881-84, 
 and in 1890 he became editor of the Ram's 
 Horn, a religious weekly published in 
 Chicago. 
 The Black-board in the Sunday School, New 
 
 York, 1877. 
 Picture Puzzles . . . , Toronto, Ontario, 
 
 [1899]. 
 Fifty Great Cartoons, Chicago, [189-?]. 
 Bible Symbols . . . , Chicago, [1904]. 
 
 BEARD, WILLIAM HOLBROOK (April 13, 
 1825-Feb. 20, 1900), portrait painter, was 
 born in Painesville, Lake County. In 1857 
 he went abroad to study art, and in 1860 
 he settled in New York. He was widely 
 known for his allegorical pictures and for 
 the humor portrayed in his pictures of ani- 
 mals. He wrote a textbook, Action in Art, 
 in 1893 and also published various maga- 
 zine articles. He died in New York City. 
 Humor in Animals . . . , New York, [1885]. 
 
 BEARDSLEE, JOHN WALTER (1837- 
 March 31, 1921), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Ottawa County. After graduat- 
 ing from Rutgers University, he served 
 several churches and taught at Western 
 Theological Seminary, Holland, Mich., 
 1888-1917, and at New Brunswick Semi- 
 nary, 1917-21. 
 
 The Bible among the Nations, Chicago, 
 1899. 
 
 BEARDSLEY, DANIEL B. (May 12, 1832- 
 Sept. 29, 1894), was born in Licking 
 County. His parents moved to Hancock 
 County in 1834. After attending district 
 schools, he began teaching in 1850, read 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. 
 He served 27 years as justice of the peace 
 for Findlay Township. In 1872 he was 
 elected mayor of Findlay. His death oc- 
 curred in Findlay. 
 
 History of Hancock County . . . , Spring- 
 field, 1881. 
 
 BEATTY, JOHN (Dec. 16, 1828-Dec. 21, 
 1914), soldier and banker, was born near 
 Sandusky, Erie County. In 1854 he married 
 Lucy Tupper of Cleveland and settled in 
 Cardington, where he and his brother Wil- 
 liam organized Beatty Brothers Bank. In 
 1861 he joined the 3rd O.V.I, as a captain; 
 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and 
 in March, 1863, was brevetted brigadier 
 general. In Jan., 1864, he resigned from 
 the army and returned to Cardington. His 
 resignation may have been due to his dis- 
 like of West Point officers and his advocacy 
 of total war against the South, or it may 
 have been motivated by his brother William's 
 desire to serve in the army. Through- 
 out his career he was active in the Republi- 
 can Party; he served in the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, 1868-73, and though he held 
 no more elective offices he spoke widely in 
 support of Republican candidates and poli- 
 cies. In 1873 he opened the Citizen's Sav- 
 ings Bank in Columbus; he retired in 1903. 
 He died in Columbus and is buried in 
 Sandusky. His most important book, his 
 war memoirs, was republished in 1946. His 
 three novels have little merit, but The 
 Acolhuans, a fantastic story of the Mound 
 Builders, attracted some notice. 
 The Citizen Soldier; Or, Memoirs of a 
 
 Volunteer, Cincinnati, 1879. 
 The Belle O'Becket's Lane . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1883. 
 McKinleyism, As It Appears to a Non- 
 partisan, [Columbus, 1894]. 
 Answer to Coin's Financial School, 1896. 
 High or Low Tariff, Which? Columbus, 
 
 1897. 
 The Acolhuans . . . , Columbus, 1902. 
 McLean, a Romance of the War, Columbus, 
 1904. 
 
 BEAUCHAMP, LOU JENKS (Jan. 14, 1851- 
 June 4, 1920), journalist and lecturer, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. Self- 
 educated, he joined the staff of the Cincin- 
 nati Star while still in his teens. He sold 
 sketches and poems to various newspapers 
 
43 
 
 Bedell, G. T. 
 
 and magazines, became managing editor of 
 the Fort Wayne, Ind.. Gazette, and later 
 lived in Hamilton. He also delivered over 
 10,000 lectures on humorous topics and on 
 temperance, some of which were reprinted 
 in pamphlet form. 
 
 Sunshine. Written in the Interest of Temper- 
 ance, Sunshine and Good Humor . . . , 
 Hamilton. 1879. 
 This, That and the Other; A Collection of 
 Stories Sketches and Poems, Wise and 
 Otherwise, Hamilton, 1882. 
 What the Duchess and I Saw in Europe 
 . . . , Hamilton, 1896. 
 
 BEAUDRY, EVIEN G. (April 11, 1894- 
 ), born in Brunswick, Mich., attended 
 Michigan Ferris Institute and Western State 
 Teachers College and taught school for 
 several years in Michigan before coming to 
 Akron in 1925. In 1934 she joined the edi- 
 torial staff of Saalfield Publishing Company; 
 now retired, she still lives in Akron. She has 
 published poems, articles, and stories in 
 various magazines under the name Goldie 
 Beaudry and has also published books for 
 children, e.g.. Puppy Stories, New York, 
 1934. 
 
 BEAUDRY, GOLDIE. See Evien G. Beaudry. 
 
 BEAVER, ROBERT PIERCE (May 26, 
 1906- ), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Hamilton, Butler County. He gradu- 
 ated from Oberlin College in 1928 and 
 Cornell University (Ph.D.) in 1933. He 
 has also studied at Yale Divinity School, 
 the University of Munich, and Union The- 
 ological Seminary. He has served Evangeli- 
 cal and Reformed churches in Cincinnati 
 and other cities and has taught in several 
 seminaries. Since 1955 he has been a mem- 
 ber of the federated theological faculty, 
 University of Chicago. His writings include 
 The Year of Grace, St. Louis, [1935]. WW 
 30 
 
 BEAZELL, WILLIAM PRESTON (June 21, 
 1877-March 12, 1946), journalist, was born 
 in St. Clairsville, Belmont County. He 
 worked on newspapers in Pittsburgh and 
 New York. He published Account of the 
 Ball Given in Honor of Charles Dickens in 
 N. Y. City, 1842, [New York, 1908]. WWW 
 2 
 
 BEBENROTH, CHARLOTTA M. (Mrs. Otto 
 C.) (June 1, 1890- ), educator, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. She at- 
 tended Baldwin-Wallace College and has 
 been for many years a teacher in the Cleve- 
 
 land public schools. She has published sto- 
 ries and poems in juvenile magazines and 
 one book: On the Farm with Bob and 
 Nancy, Akron, 1933. 
 
 BECK, JOHN CRAFTON (Jan. 19, 1822-?), 
 physician, was born in Vienna, Ind. After 
 graduating from the Medical College of 
 Ohio, Cincinnati, he returned to Indiana 
 to practice. In 1858 he joined the faculty 
 of Cincinnati College of Medicine and 
 Surgery. He was a surgeon in the Civil 
 War, afterward practiced in Newport, Ky., 
 but in 1870 returned to Cincinnati to prac- 
 tice. He edited Cincinnati Medical and 
 Surgical News. 
 Opiumania . . . , [Cincinnati, 1874]. 
 
 BECKER, HENRY JACOB (June 19, 1846- 
 Dec. 1, 1934), clergyman, was born in Mas- 
 sillon. Stark County. As a young man he 
 worked in coal mines, attended Heidelberg 
 College, and served in the 188th O.V.I., 
 Feb.-Sept., 1865. He was converted to the 
 United Brethren church after the war and 
 in 1869 was licensed to preach. He served 
 as an itinerant minister in Ohio until 1875, 
 when he went to California as a missionary. 
 In 1905 he became a Presbyterian. He 
 spent his old age in Dayton. 
 Borachio's Bo-Peep; Or, the Drunkard's 
 
 Plav with Children . . . , [Sacramento?, 
 
 Calif., 1882]. 
 Dr. Becker's Brownies Rummaging among 
 
 the Mediums of Modern Spiritualism 
 
 . . . , [Huntington, Ind.], 1900. 
 
 BECKMAN, THEODORE N. (Sept. 3, 1895- 
 ), educator, was born in Russia. He 
 graduated from Ohio State University 
 (A.B., 1920; Ph.D., 1924) and has since 
 taught economics and sociology there, spe- 
 cializing in marketing. He has also been a 
 consultant to various state and national 
 agencies. He has written economics text- 
 books and some studies of economic ques- 
 tions, e.g., The Chain Store Problem . . . , 
 New York, 1938. WW 30 , 
 
 BEDELL, GREGORY THRUSTON (Aug. 
 27, 1817-March 11, 1892), clergyman, 
 born in Hudson, N. Y., served Episcopal 
 churches in New York and Virginia before 
 being elected bishop coadjutor of Ohio in 
 1859. He served as bishop, 1873-89. Living 
 at Gambier, he also taught some courses 
 at Bexley Seminary, Kenyon College. 
 A Votive Pillar, New York, 1853. 
 Personal Presence of God the Holy Ghost 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1874. 
 
Bedell, M. C. 
 
 44 
 
 The Pastor. Pastoral Theology, Philadel- 
 phia, 1880. 
 
 Enlightened Public Opinion in the Church 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1881. 
 
 BEDELL, MARY CREHORE (March, 1870- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She graduated from Smith College 
 and afterward lived in Ithaca, N. Y. She 
 wrote Modern Gypsies, the Story of a 
 Twelve Thousand Mile Motor Camping 
 Trip Encircling the United States, New 
 York, [1924]. 
 
 BEECHER, CATHERINE ESTHER (Sept. 
 6, 1800-May 12, 1878), eldest daughter of 
 Lyman Beecher (q.v.), was born in East 
 Hampton, Long Island, N. Y. She attended 
 Miss Pierce's School but also educated her- 
 self through wide reading. In 1822 Alex- 
 ander M. Fisher, a brilliant professor at 
 Yale, to whom she was engaged, was lost 
 at sea — an event later used by her sister, 
 Harriet Beecher Stowe (q.v.), in The Min- 
 ister's Wooing. The loss of her fiance and 
 the responsibility for younger brothers and 
 sisters imposed on her by the death of her 
 mother confirmed her lifelong character of 
 headstrong, domineering spinsterhood. She 
 conducted Hartford Female Seminary, 
 1824-32. She accompanied her father on 
 his first visit to Cincinnati, and that city 
 was her nominal home from 1832 to 1850, 
 but she traveled widely in the interests of 
 educational projects in which she was inter- 
 ested. She organized the Western Female 
 Institute in Cincinnati, 1832-37, and was 
 a founder of the Board of National Popu- 
 lar Education. She assisted in the prepara- 
 tion of McGuffey's Fourth Reader, and 
 echoed another textbook to such an extent 
 that a charge of plagiarism was made. She 
 established a number of schools and de- 
 voted her life to education of women, espe- 
 cially in domestic arts; but she was a deter- 
 mined opponent of women's suffrage. Her 
 old age was spent in the homes of her 
 brothers and sisters. She died in Elmira, 
 N. Y., at the home of her half-brother, 
 Thomas (q.v.). Besides the titles below, 
 she published numerous textbooks, the most 
 important of which treat domestic science 
 for women. 
 
 An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1837. 
 A Treatise on Domestic Economy . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1841. 
 Letters to Persons Who Are Engaged in 
 
 Domestic Service, New York, 1842. 
 The Duty of American Women to Their 
 
 Country, New York, 1845. 
 
 Truth Stranger Than Fiction . . . , Boston, 
 1850. 
 
 The True Remedy for the Wrongs of 
 Women . . . , Boston, 1851. 
 
 Letters to the People on Health and Happi- 
 ness, New York, 1855. 
 
 Common Sense Applied to Religion . . . , 
 New York, 1857. 
 
 Religious Training of Children . . . , New 
 York, 1864. 
 
 The American Woman's Home . . . , Bos- 
 ton, 1869. 
 
 Woman Suffrage and Woman's Profession, 
 Hartford, 1871. 
 
 Woman's Profession as Mother and Edu- 
 cator . . . , Philadelphia, 1872. 
 
 Educational Reminiscences and Suggestions, 
 New York, 1874. 
 
 BEECHER, CHARLES (Oct. 7, 1815-April 
 21, 1900), clergyman, son of Lyman 
 Beecher (q.v.), was born in Litchfield, 
 Conn. After graduating from Bowdoin Col- 
 lege in 1834, he came to Lane Seminary, 
 where his father was president. Uncertain 
 of his religious faith, he gave up plans for 
 the ministry and taught music for a time in 
 Cincinnati. He then was a shipping clerk in 
 New Orleans, and his descriptions of Louisi- 
 ana and of a brutal overseer furnished a 
 setting and the character of Simon Legree 
 for his sister's novel. Uncle Tom's Cabin. In 
 1844 he regained his faith while living in 
 Indianapolis, Ind. He later served as a 
 minister in New Jersey, Massachusetts, and 
 Pennsylvania. He wrote on spiritualism and 
 music and also wrote several books ex- 
 pounding his own peculiar, somewhat mys- 
 tical theology, e.g., Redeemer and Re- 
 deemed, Boston, 1864. 
 
 BEECHER, EDWARD N. (May 6, 1846- 
 Nov. 2, 1933), druggist, was born in Homer, 
 Licking County, but grew up in Oberlin. He 
 graduated from Oberlin College in 1866 
 and in 1889 settled in Cleveland, where he 
 operated a drugstore for forty years. He 
 died in Cleveland at the age of 87. 
 The Lost Atlantis; Or, "The Great Deluge 
 of All." An Epic Poem, Cleveland, 1897. 
 
 BEECHER, GEORGE (May 6, 1809-July 1, 
 1843), clergyman, was born in East Hamp- 
 ton, Long Island, N. Y. After graduating 
 from Yale University in 1828, he taught at 
 Groton, and in 1832 he accompanied his 
 father, Lyman Beecher (q.v.), to Cincin- 
 nati. After being ordained to the Presby- 
 terian ministry in 1833, he served churches 
 at Batavia, Rochester. N. Y., and Chilli- 
 cothe. He died in Chillicothe when a gun 
 with which he intended to frighten birds 
 
45 
 
 Beer 
 
 from his fruit trees discharged accidentally. 
 A posthumous collection of his writings was 
 edited by Catherine Beecher: The Biographi- 
 cal Remains of Rev. George Beecher . . . , 
 New York, 1844. 
 
 BEECHER, HENRY WARD (June 24, 1813- 
 March 8, 1887), the most popular clergy- 
 man of his day, was born in Litchfield, 
 Conn. Like his brothers, he spent only a 
 short time in Cincinnati, where his father, 
 Lyman Beecher (q.v.), was president of 
 Lane Seminary, 1832-50. He came to Lane 
 Seminary in 1834 after graduating from 
 Amherst College, studied theology inter- 
 mittently, helped found the Cincinnati 
 Young Men's Temperance Society, pub- 
 lished some anonymous anti-Catholic ar- 
 ticles in the Daily Evening Post, and edited 
 the Cincinnati Journal for a few months in 
 1836. In 1837 he accepted a call to Law- 
 renceburg, Ind.; two years later he took a 
 church in Indianapolis; and in 1847. he 
 was called to Plymouth Church, Brooklyn 
 where he remained for the rest of his life 
 A prolific writer like most of the Beechers 
 he published many sermons and essays 
 From a literary point of view his most in 
 teresting work is a novel, Norwood . . . 
 New York, 1868. 
 
 BEECHER, LYMAN (Oct., 1775-Jan. 10, 
 1863), clergyman, was born in New Haven, 
 Conn. After graduating from Yale, he was 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 
 1799 and served pastorates in East Hamp- 
 ton, Long Island, 1779-1810, Litchfield, 
 Conn., 1810-26, and Boston, 1826-32. In 
 this latter charge he was a militant oppo- 
 nent of Unitarianism and Catholicism. In 
 1832 he accepted the presidency of Lane 
 Seminary, Cincinnati, and was also ap- 
 pointed pastor of the Second Presbyterian 
 Church. Almost immediately after he 
 brought his large family to the city, he 
 found himself in difficulties. Conservative 
 Presbyterians, led by Joshua L. Wilson 
 (q.v.), who had secured his appointment to 
 Lane Seminary, attacked him for his the- 
 ological views. He was acquitted by the 
 local presbytery and by the synod meeting 
 in Dayton, but the bitterness engendered 
 by the controversy did much to harm the 
 Presbyterian cause in the West. The chief 
 difficulty, however, arose within the Lane 
 Seminary student body. Led by Theodore 
 Weld (q.v.). the students formed an anti- 
 slavery society which scandalized the city. 
 Thev refused to heed Beecher's pleas for 
 moderation and his advocacy of coloniza- 
 tion. While he was in the East raising funds, 
 the students left the seminary, most of 
 
 them transferring to Oberlin College and a 
 few to Western Reserve College at Hudson. 
 Until his resignation in 1850, Beecher 
 struggled to keep the seminary operating 
 and to induce students to attend. After re- 
 tiring, he bought a house in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., to be near his famous son, Henry 
 Ward Beecher, and there he passed the re- 
 mainder of his days. Besides the titles 
 below, many of his sermons were published. 
 A Plea for the West, Cincinnati, 1835. 
 Views in Theology, Cincinnati, 1836. 
 Autobiography . . . , 2 vols., (Charles 
 Beecher, ed.), New York, 1864. 
 
 BEECHER, THOMAS KINNICLTT (Feb. 
 10, 1824-March 14, 1900), clergyman, was 
 born in Litchfield, Conn. In 1832 he came 
 to Cincinnati with his father, Lyman 
 Beecher (q.v.). After graduating from Illi- 
 nois College in 1843, he was a high school 
 principal in the East, 1846-52. In 1854 he 
 became pastor of the Independent Con- 
 gregational Church, Elmira, N. Y. He spent 
 the remainder of his life in Elmira, where 
 his independent, sometimes eccentric be- 
 havior made him one of the town's best- 
 known citizens, universally known as 
 'Father Tom" in his old age. He contrib- 
 uted many outspoken editorials to local 
 newspapers, and some of his sermons were 
 printed. After his death a collection of 
 stories for children was published: In Tune 
 with the Stars, Elmira, 1901. DAB 2 
 
 BEECHER, WILLIS JUDSON (April 29, 
 1838-May 10, 1912), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Vinton County. After 
 graduating from Hamilton College in 1858, 
 he taught at Whitestown, N. Y., Seminary, 
 1858-61: and after graduating from Au- 
 burn Theological Seminary in 1864, he was 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry. He 
 taught at Knox College, 111., 1865-69, and 
 was pastor of the First Church of Christ, 
 Galesburg. 111., 1869-71. He served on the 
 faculty of Auburn Seminary, 1871-1908. 
 His death occurred in Auburn. He wrote a 
 number of works on religious themes, e.g., 
 The Prophets and the Promise . . . , New 
 York, [1905]. 
 
 BEER, SAMUEL HUTCHISON (July 28, 
 1911- ). educator, was born in Bucyrus, 
 Crawford County. He graduated from the 
 University of Michigan in 1932, was a 
 Rhodes scholar, 1932-35. and completed 
 his doctorate at Harvard in 1943. He was 
 associated with the New York Post and 
 Fortune magazine before joining the de- 
 partment of government at Harvard in 
 1938. He served in the army during World 
 
Beery 
 
 46 
 
 War II. He has published an exposition of 
 liberalism based on the metaphysics of Al- 
 fred North Whitehead: The Citx of Reason, 
 Cambridge, Mass., 1949. WW 30 
 
 BEERY, JESSE (June 13, 1861-Feb. 22, 
 1945), was born near Pleasant Hill, Miami 
 County, and spent his life in that area. Ap- 
 plying the principles developed by John S. 
 Rarey (q.v.), he broke horses on his father's 
 farm and acquired considerable renown. 
 He gave public exhibitions and established 
 a correspondence school of horsemanship. 
 Jesse Beery's Practical System of Colt 
 
 Training . . . , [Lima, 1890]. 
 The Thoroughbreds, [Piqua, 1912]. 
 The Beery System of Horsemanship . . . , 
 
 [Dayton, 1914]. 
 Prof. Beery's Saddle-Horse Instructions 
 
 . . . , [West Carrollton], 1934. 
 
 BEHRENDS, ADOLPHUS JULIUS FRED- 
 ERICK (Dec. 18, 1839-May 22. 1900), 
 clergyman, was born in Nymwegen, Hol- 
 land. When he was five, his family came to 
 Ohio, where he grew up. In 1862 he gradu- 
 ated from Denison University and in 1865 
 from Rochester Theological Seminary. In 
 1873 he became pastor of the First Baptist 
 Church in Cleveland, but in Jan., 1876, he 
 resigned his pulpit because of his opposi- 
 tion to restricted communion. He became a 
 Congregationalist minister, first in Provi- 
 dence, R. I., and after 1883 in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. He was popular and successful as a 
 minister and as a public lecturer. Numer- 
 ous sermons, in addition to the titles below, 
 were published. 
 
 In Memoriam Harriet E. Hatch . . . , Provi- 
 dence, 1882. 
 The World for Christ, New York, 1896. 
 The Old Testament under Fire, New York, 
 
 1897. 
 The Christ of Nineteen Centuries, (William 
 Herries, comp.), Brooklyn, 1904. 
 
 BEHRMAN, ETHEL KNAPP (Nov. 9. 1880- 
 June 20, 1943), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. Known as the Story Lady 
 of the Air, she broadcast popular programs 
 over various Cincinnati radio stations. She 
 published a collection of her verse: Door- 
 ways, Cincinnati, 1936. 
 
 BEILER, IRWIN ROSS (Jan. 14, 1883- 
 ), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Lima, Allen County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1907, Boston 
 University School of Theology in 1911, and 
 Boston University (Ph.D.) in 1918. He 
 was on the faculty of Baker University, 
 Kansas, 1913-18, was pastor of a Methodist 
 
 church in Minneapolis, 1918-20, and was 
 on the faculty of Allegheny College, 1920- 
 48. He is now living in Meadville, Pa. He 
 wrote Studies in the Life of Jesus, [Nash- 
 ville, 1936]. WW 27 
 
 BEISTLE, ALDARILLA SHIPLEY (Feb. 13, 
 1896-Feb. 26, 1949), was born in Pitts- 
 burgh, but she grew up in Cleveland, where 
 her family moved when she was three years 
 old. She wrote and conducted a children's 
 radio program on Cleveland radio station 
 WGAR, wrote numerous plays for children, 
 and published several children's books, e.g., 
 Just Peggy, Philadelphia, [1939]. 
 
 BELDEN, GEORGE P. (c.1845-?), the 
 "White Chief." was born near New Phila- 
 delphia, Tuscarawas County. In his book 
 he relates that he ran away from home at 
 the age of thirteen, landed in Brownsville, 
 Nebraska Territory, and promptly wrote 
 and induced his father to come out and 
 establish the Nemaha Valley Journal. This is 
 untrue and it is probable that the rest of 
 his narrative is a series of brash fabrica- 
 tions strung on a thin thread of historical 
 fact, although the editor, General James S. 
 Brisbin, vouches for the fidelity of the nar- 
 rative to the original manuscript. When last 
 heard from, Belden was trapping in hostile 
 Indian country on Medicine Creek. 
 Belden, the White Chief; Or, Twelve Years 
 
 among the Wild Indians of the Plains 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1870. 
 
 BELDEN, HENRY S. (July 4, 1840-April 20, 
 1920), was born in Canton, Stark County. 
 He attended Kenyon and Wittenberg Col- 
 leges and graduated from Cincinnati Law 
 School in 1861. He developed the coal and 
 clay resources of the Canton region and 
 manufactured paving brick used in Canton 
 and other cities. Besides articles in religious 
 journals, he wrote Heaven . . . , [Akron, 
 1912]. 
 
 BELKNAP, EUGENE McCAMLY (Feb. 1, 
 1898-Sept. 23, 1949), manufacturer, born 
 in Syracuse, N. Y., lived in Toledo about 
 twenty years while president of American 
 Mat Corp. He published a definitive work, 
 Milk Glass, New York, 1949. 
 
 BELL, ALVIN EUGENE (April 10, 1882- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Mansfield, 
 Richland County. He graduated from Wit- 
 tenberg College in 1905 and from Hamma 
 Divinity School in 1908. Ordained a Lu- 
 theran minister in 1908, he served in Bryan, 
 1908-13, and at Glenwood Avenue Church, 
 Toledo, 1913-52. Besides articles and books 
 
47 
 
 Bellaw 
 
 on devotional subjects, he published a book 
 in opposition to the teachings of Mary 
 Baker Eddy: The Word of a Woman, versus 
 the Word of God . . . , Burlington, Iowa, 
 1917. WW 30 
 
 BELL, ARCHIE (March 17, 1877-Jan. 27, 
 1943), drama critic and world traveler, was 
 born in Geneva, Ashtabula County, and 
 later lived in Cleveland. He worked on the 
 Cleveland World and was drama critic for 
 the Cleveland News. Besides numerous 
 travel books, he wrote The Clevelanders . . . 
 An Expose of High Life in the Forest City, 
 New York, [1907]. WW 20 
 
 BELL, BERNARD IDDINGS (Oct. 13. 1886- 
 Sept. 5, 1958), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Dayton, Montgomery County. 
 He graduated from the University of Chi- 
 cago in 1907 and was ordained to the 
 Episcopal priesthood in 1910. He served 
 as pastor of various churches and taught 
 at Stephens College, N. Y., 1919-33, and 
 Columbia University, 1930-33. He was con- 
 sultant to the Bishop of Chicago on educa- 
 tional matters. 1946-55. He published 
 numerous articles, books of sermons, devo- 
 tional books and others on religious themes, 
 e.g., Religion for Living, a Book for Post- 
 modernists, London, 1939. WWW 3 
 
 BELL, CORYDON WRITTEN (July 16, 
 1894- ), artist, was born in Tiffin, Sen- 
 eca County. He attended high school in 
 Sandusky and studied at the University of 
 Michigan and Western Reserve University. 
 He was an advertising and book illustrator 
 in Cleveland. 1922-44. In 1921 he married 
 Thelma Harrington (see Thelma Harring- 
 ton Bell), whose books he has illustrated. 
 Since moving to Sapphire, N. C, he has 
 published magazine articles and books on 
 the hill regions of his adopted state, e.g., 
 Come Snow fer Christmas . . . , Cleveland, 
 1947. 
 
 BELL, FRANK. Pseud. See Mildred W. Ben- 
 son. 
 
 BELL, JAMES MADISON (April 3, 1826- 
 1902), Ohio's first native Negro poet, was 
 born in Gallipolis, Gallia County, where he 
 resided until 1842, when he went to Cin- 
 cinnati to learn the plasterer's trade. Dur- 
 ing his twelve years' stay in that city he ap- 
 pears to have been a plasterer and nothing 
 more; an examination of contemporary 
 local publications discloses no contributions 
 from his pen. In 1854 he moved to 
 Chatham, Canada West, where four years 
 later John Brown was to call his "Provi- 
 sional Constitutional Convention," prepara- 
 
 tory to his raid upon Harper's Ferry. Dur- 
 ing the Congressional investigation that fol- 
 lowed the raid, the original records of the 
 Chatham convention were made public, and 
 it was disclosed that Bell had played an 
 active role. He fled to California early in 
 1860. It was there that his earliest known 
 separately published poem appeared. He re- 
 turned to Ohio and took up permanent resi- 
 dence at Toledo, probably early in 1866. 
 The year 1865 is usually given, but he was 
 present in San Francisco on Jan. 1, 1866, 
 when he delivered a poem in commemora- 
 tion of the anniversary of the Emancipa- 
 tion Proclamation at Zion Church. He was 
 a member of the national convention 
 which nominated Ulysses S. Grant for the 
 Presidency in 1868. 
 A Poem Entitled The Day and the War 
 
 . . . , San Francisco, 1864. 
 An Anniversary Poem Entitled The Progress 
 
 of Liberty . . . , San Francisco, 1866. 
 A Poem Entitled The Triumph of Liberty 
 
 . . . , Detroit, 1870. 
 The Poetical Works of James Madison Bell, 
 
 Lansing, Mich., [1901]. 
 
 BELL, MARGARET VAN HORN DWIGHT 
 
 (Dec. 29, 1790-Oct. 9, 1834), born in Con- 
 necticut, was the niece of Timothy Dwight. 
 In 1810 she left New Haven, Conn., to live 
 with cousins in Warren, Trumbull County. 
 In 1811 she married William Bell, Jr., and 
 around 1815 they moved to Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Her journal kept during her wagon trip to 
 Ohio was edited by Max Farrand: A Jour- 
 ney to Ohio . . . , New Haven, 1912. 
 
 BELL, THELMA HARRINGTON (July 3, 
 1896- ), was born in Detroit, Mich. 
 She attended Cleveland public schools and 
 graduated from Western Reserve Univer- 
 sity. She was an advertising copywriter until 
 her marriage to Corydon W. Bell (q.v.) 
 in 1921. She lived in Cleveland, 1910-44, 
 and now lives in Sapphire, N. C. She has 
 written a number of books for juvenile 
 readers, e.g., Black Face, New York, 1931. 
 
 BELLAW, AMERICUS WELLINGTON 
 
 (March 17, 1842-?), was born in Troy, 
 Miami County. At the age of sixteen he was 
 apprenticed to a monument carver in St. 
 Joseph. Mo. In 1867 he moved to Sidney, 
 where he later published a humorous paper, 
 The Old Man. Under various pseudonyms 
 (Joe Jot, Washington Whitehorn, Noah 
 Nuff), he wrote verse and fiction for vari- 
 ous New York periodicals. He also wrote 
 dime novels in various Beadle series, e.g., 
 Peter, the Dandy Greenhorn . . . , New 
 York, 1891. 
 
Bender, E. J. 
 
 48 
 
 BENDER, ERIC J. (Aug. 8, 1902- ), edi- 
 tor, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He graduated from Ohio State Uni- 
 versity in 1925 and has since been asso- 
 ciated with various educational publishers. 
 In 1939 he joined Row Peterson as editor 
 of educational films. He now lives in Wil- 
 mette, 111. His writings include a book on 
 sweepstakes and lotteries: Tickets to For- 
 tune . . . , New York, [1938]. WW 28 
 
 BENDER, GEORGE H. (Sept. 27, 1896- 
 June 19, 1961), Republican political leader, 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 He served seven terms in Congress and was 
 named to complete the Senatorial term of 
 Robert A. Taft in 1954. He wrote The 
 Challenge of 1940, New York, 1940. WW 30 
 
 BENDER, JOHN S. (1827-Oct. 9, 1912), 
 born near Carlisle, Pa., was brought to 
 Wayne County when he was eleven years 
 old and lived there until early manhood, 
 when he moved to Indiana. He taught 
 school, practiced law, and operated a news- 
 paper in Plymouth, Ind. He wrote a book 
 on currency and A Hoosier's Experience in 
 Western Europe . . . , Plymouth, 1880. 
 
 BENEDICT, AGNES ELIZABETH (1889- 
 Jan. 5, 1950), educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. She graduated 
 from Vassar College and later studied in 
 Europe and at Columbia University. She 
 was editor of The American Child, was a 
 research editor with the National Associa- 
 tion of Day Nurseries, and at the time of 
 her death was director of Center Academy, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. She wrote several books 
 on children and education, including a his- 
 tory of American education: Progress to 
 Freedom .... New York, [1942]. 
 
 BENEDICT, ANNE KENDRICK (April 26, 
 1851-Oct. 24, 1922), wife of Wayland R. 
 Benedict (q.v.), was born in Rochester, 
 N. Y. While her husband was a minister 
 and teacher in Cincinnati, she took an 
 active part in various Cincinnati organi- 
 zations and in the Ohio State Federation 
 of Women's Clubs. In 1879 she was one 
 of the organizers of the Cincinnati Kinder- 
 garten Association. Most of her writings 
 were stories for the American Baptist Pub- 
 lishing Society. 
 
 The Fisherman's Daughter, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1895]. 
 Centa, Child Violinist, Philadelphia, [n.d.]. 
 The Hathaway' s Sister, Philadelphia, [n.d.]. 
 Island Story, Philadelphia, [n.d.]. 
 My Wonder Story, Boston, [n.d.]. 
 
 BENEDICT, HESTER A. (Oct. 2, 1838-?). 
 was born in Streetsboro, Portage County. 
 She was educated at Western Reserve 
 Seminary. In 1856 she married Hamon 
 Benedict of Streetsboro, and after his death 
 she married P. T. Dickinson of Sacramento, 
 Calif. She afterward lived in Sacramento 
 and Alameda, Calif. Besides the volume of 
 verse listed below, she contributed to vari- 
 ous magazines and newspapers. 
 Vesta, Philadelphia, 1872. 
 
 BENEDICT, WAYLAND RICHARDSON 
 
 (Jan. 9, 1848-July 21, 1915), educator, 
 husband of Anne K. Benedict (q.v.), was 
 born in Rochester, N. Y. He graduated from 
 the University of Rochester in 1865 and 
 Rochester Theological Seminary in 1870. 
 Ordained to the Baptist ministry, he was a 
 pastor at Mt. Auburn, 1873-75, before 
 joining the University of Cincinnati faculty, 
 on which he served from 1875 to 1907. 
 After his retirement he lived in Cambridge, 
 Mass. He wrote a number of textbooks be- 
 sides the titles listed below. 
 Theism and Evolution, [n.p.], 1886. 
 New Studies in the Beatitudes . . . , [Cin- 
 cinnati, 1894]. 
 World Views and Their Ethical Implications 
 . . . , [Cincinnati], 1902. 
 
 BENNETT, EMERSON (March 16, 1822- 
 May 11, 1905), was born on a farm near 
 Monson, Mass. At the age of seventeen he 
 ran away from home and wandered about 
 the East. In 1840 he was in New York 
 City, where he published The Brigand, a 
 story in verse which was greeted with deri- 
 sion by the critics. In 1843 he was in Phila- 
 delphia. After an unsuccessful love affair, 
 he came to Cincinnati in the spring of 1844; 
 here he was to launch his literary career. 
 For a time he worked soliciting subscrip- 
 tions to the Western Literary Journal, 
 edited by E. C. Z. Judson (Ned Buntline) 
 (q.v.). He began selling stories to the Cin- 
 cinnati Commercial. In 1846 Bennett and 
 J. H. Green (q.v.) published the Casket at 
 Lawrenceburg, Ind. He also served as an 
 editor of the Columbian and Great West. In 
 the late autumn of 1850 he returned to 
 Philadelphia, where he spent the remainder 
 of his life. He turned out a great many 
 frontier melodramas and some city stories, 
 which were published in twenty-five-cent 
 editions by U. P. James of Cincinnati and 
 T. B. Peterson of Philadelphia. A typical 
 work, written during his Cincinnati years, 
 was Mike Fink: A Legend of the Ohio, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1848. The country around Lan- 
 caster is the setting for The Forest Rose; 
 A Tale of the Frontier. Cincinnati, 1850. 
 
49 
 
 Bennett, J. 
 
 BENNETT, HENRY HOLCOMB (Dec. 5, 
 1863-April 30, 1924), brother of John Ben- 
 nett (q.v.), was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County. He graduated from Kenyon Col- 
 lege in 1886, after which he studied land- 
 scape painting at the Art Students' League, 
 New York City. He then spent several years 
 in the West engaged chiefly in railroading. 
 He served as a reporter and city editor on 
 the Scioto Gazette in Chillicothe, 1893-97, 
 retiring from journalism to spend the rest 
 of his days in writing poetry, short stories, 
 and forthright articles on labor relations 
 and in illustrating books. His verse and 
 short stories appeared in leading magazines 
 — McClure's, Century, Lippincott's, Youth's 
 Companion, and St. Nicholas, among 
 others. Reprinted in many readers and an- 
 thologies, his best-known poem, "The Flag 
 Goes By," which was first published in 
 Youth's Companion, is a part of the un- 
 forgettable poetry to which Ohio poets 
 have contributed so heavily. His death 
 occurred in Chillicothe. Besides a book on 
 army life and an art book, he wrote The 
 County of Ross . . . , Madison, Wis., 1902. 
 WWW 1 
 
 BENNETT, JOHN (May 17, 1865-Dec. 28, 
 1956), was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County; he died in Charleston, S. C, where 
 he had lived for many years. If the many- 
 sided John Bennett had done nothing more 
 than write the graceful verses with which 
 not too many associate his name, his fame 
 would be that of many another poet whose 
 name is embalmed in the more inclusive 
 anthologies of American poetry. Or if he 
 had been content only with his study of the 
 speech and folklore of the Gullah Negro, 
 he would be remembered for that contribu- 
 tion. Or, lacking either of these, he might 
 well be remembered as a composer, as a 
 not unsuccessful playwright, as an illus- 
 trator, or as an editor. Yet, for none of 
 these will John Bennett be best and longest 
 remembered: he will be remembered, and 
 for a long and unpredictable time to come, 
 as the author of two of the best juvenile 
 books ever produced in the United States: 
 Master Skylark and Barnaby Lee. John 
 Bennett was born in 1865, a year that 
 marks (somewhat roughly) the great turn- 
 ing point in American juvenile literature. 
 Virtually everything produced in the United 
 States for children before that year was 
 written with a determined emphasis on 
 "moral improvement" or education (so- 
 called), and with pure entertainment either 
 wholly disregarded or present in minute, 
 perhaps accidental or unconscious, quantity. 
 The middle 1860s saw the advent of such 
 
 radicals as Edward S. Ellis, Harry Castlemon, 
 Horatio Alger, Jr., Oliver Optic, and Louisa 
 May Alcott who, consciously, wrote with 
 the thought of entertainment first and with 
 moralizing either a secondary quality or al- 
 most wholly lacking. These and a few others 
 laid the foundation for what was to come: 
 the golden age of American juvenile litera- 
 ture as exemplified by all that is best in 
 Our Young Folks, Harper's Round Table, 
 Youth's Companion, and, above all, 5/. 
 Nicholas of blessed memory. Some authors 
 of the earlier dreary period continued to 
 grind out preachments thinly disguised as 
 juvenile reading, as, for example, Bennett's 
 fellow townswoman Martha Finley Far- 
 quharson (q.v.), creator of Elsie Dinsmore. 
 But these less gifted authors were to be con- 
 signed to oblivion by succeeding generations 
 of young readers, and our present era sees 
 them as little more than curious period 
 pieces. John Bennett was untouched by the 
 output of these; his work shows none of 
 their influence. John Bennett reached his 
 greatest height with his contributions to 5/. 
 Nicholas: Master Skylark and Barnaby Lee, 
 both of which have a quality of timelessness 
 that gives the positive impression that they 
 will be read, reread, and loved long after 
 many (perhaps most) of Bennett's contem- 
 poraries are forgotten. To both of these 
 novels he brought so thorough a knowledge 
 and understanding of the periods of which he 
 wrote that as the Critic (New York) for 
 Oct. 16, 1897, commented: "Master Sky- 
 lark . . . has a positive educational value, 
 aside from its interest as a story." Or, to 
 quote the austere London Athenaeum of 
 Dec. 11. 1897: "the writer knows the Eliza- 
 bethan age, and his romance is better than 
 many a history lesson." Bennett exhibited a 
 rare talent: the ability to produce a histori- 
 cally accurate atmosphere without sacrifice 
 of action. The dialogue in Master Skylark 
 is not pure Elizabethan but is, rather, a 
 skillful and necessary compromise — not a 
 weak imitation liberally besprinkled with 
 thees and thous in the fatuous hope that 
 these would be sufficient to flavor the whole. 
 As a master storyteller John Bennett never 
 made the mistake of assuming that young 
 readers, being young, are unable to distin- 
 guish genuine from counterfeit. Bennett's 
 prose is the happy product of a writer who 
 feels as a poet and sees as a painter. As a 
 conscious poet he wrote: 
 
 These are the hills the Lord hath 
 
 made 
 That man may fear him unafraid. 
 Up through the gateway of the 
 
 skies 
 
Bennett, R. K. 
 
 50 
 
 Their purple slopes of peace arise 
 Like sunlit paths to Paradise. 
 But his poetry often emerges when he is 
 least aware of it. Indeed, not a few of his (if 
 you please) prose passages can be offered in 
 "poetic form" as, for example, the following 
 from Master Skylark, which I take the lib- 
 erty of rearranging: 
 Beyond was a wood of chestnut-trees 
 As blue and leafless as a grove of spears; 
 And when the painter's influence is upper- 
 most we find such splendid splashes of color 
 as: 
 
 A cloud of dust was rising from the Lon- 
 don road and drifting off across the fields 
 like smoke when the old ricks burn in 
 damp weather — a long, broad-sheeted 
 mist; and in it were bits of moving gold, 
 shreds of bright colors vaguely seen, and 
 silvery gleams like the glitter of polished 
 metal in the sun. And as he looked the 
 shifty wind came down out of the west 
 again and whirled the cloud of dust away, 
 and there he saw a long line of men upon 
 horses coming at an easy canter up the 
 highway. Just as he had made this out the 
 line came rattling to a stop, the distant 
 drumming of hoofs was still, and as the 
 long file knotted itself into a rosette of 
 ruddy color amid the April green, a clear, 
 shrill trumpet blew and blew again. 
 But above all John Bennett is a teller of tales, 
 and so skilled in the art that he can cause 
 Nick Atwood to say "I'd rather be my moth- 
 er's boy" and not have his young readers 
 think Nick a milksop. In the hands of a lesser 
 writer the passage could be mawkish; but 
 John Bennett, being a master of his craft, 
 causes it to be natural and realistic. John 
 Bennett's place in literature is secure. He 
 had the rare privilege of seeing at least one 
 of his books become a classic — and more 
 than that cannot be given to any teller of 
 
 tales - Jacob Blanck 
 
 Master Skylark; A Story of Shakespeare's 
 Time, New York, 1897. 
 
 Barnaby Lee, New York, 1902. 
 
 The Treasure of Peyre Gaillard . . . , New 
 York, 1906. 
 
 Songs Which My Youth Sung, Charleston, 
 S. C, 1914. 
 
 Madame Margot; A Grotesque Legend of 
 Old Charleston, New York, 1921. 
 
 Apothecaries' Hall, a Unique Exhibit at 
 the Charleston Museum; An Ancient 
 Drug-shop Whose Business Survived 
 Plagues, Wars, Great Fires and Earth 
 Quakes for One Hundred and Forty 
 Years . . . , Charleston, S. C, 1923. 
 
 The Pigtail of Ah Lee Ben Loo . . . , New 
 York, 1928. 
 
 Blue Jacket, War Chief of the Shawnees, 
 and His Part in Ohio's History, Chilli- 
 cothe, 1943. 
 
 The Doctor to the Dead; Grotesque Leg- 
 ends & Folk Tales of Old Charleston, 
 New York, [1946]. 
 
 BENNETT, R. KING. Pseud. See Richard N. 
 Taneyhill. 
 
 BENSON, HENRY CLARK (1815- ? ), clergy- 
 man, was born near Xenia, Greene County. 
 He became a Methodist minister in 1842, 
 taught Greek at Asbury University, 1850— 
 52, and in 1852 moved to the West, where 
 he was a missionary to the Choctaw In- 
 dians and also edited religious papers in 
 California and Oregon. 
 Life among the Choctaw Indians . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
 BENSON, MILDRED WIRT (July 10, 1905- 
 ), born in Ladora, Iowa, has lived in 
 Toledo since 1923. She is the widow of 
 George A. Benson, former editor of the 
 Toledo Times, a paper on which she has 
 also worked as courthouse reporter. A pro- 
 lific author of well over a hundred books 
 for children, she has written under various 
 pen names, e.g., John M. Foster, Ruth Dar- 
 row in the Fire Patrol . . . , New York. 
 [1930]; Joan Clark, Penny Nichols Finds 
 a Clue, Chicago, [1936]; Dorothy West, 
 Dot and Dash at Happy Hollow, New York, 
 [1938]; Frank Bell, Flash Evans, Camera 
 News Hawk, New York, [1940]: and Fred 
 C. Rotsvald, Linda, New York, [1940]. 
 
 BENTLEY, WILLIAM PRESTON (April 13, 
 1862-April 16, 1941), clergyman, was born 
 in Wilmington, Clinton County. After gradu- 
 ating from Bethany College in 1890, he 
 studied agriculture at Ohio State University. 
 Under the auspices of the Disciples of 
 Christ Church, he went to China as a mis- 
 sionary. In 1898 he established the College 
 of Science in Central China; he wrote sev- 
 eral textbooks for use there and translated 
 books into Chinese. After returning to the 
 United States he served a church in San 
 Francisco and was on the faculty of Chap- 
 man College. He published a collection of 
 verse: Where Fountains Play, New York, 
 1938. 
 
 BENTON, ARIEL (Feb. 13, 1792-Nov. 7, 
 1883). who came to Chardon from New 
 England in 1815, spent his life in Geauea 
 County. His recollections of pioneer life 
 in the Western Reserve were published for 
 the family by his nephew, Ira E. Benton of 
 Peoria, 111. 
 
51 
 
 Bering 
 
 Life and Times of Ariel Benton . . . , Peoria, 
 111., 1882. 
 
 BENTON, ELBERT JAY (March 23, 1871— 
 March 28, 1946), educator, was born in 
 Dubuque, Iowa. He earned his Ph.D. at 
 Johns Hopkins University in 1903. After 
 teaching in Kansas and Indiana, he joined 
 the faculty of Western Reserve University, 
 where he remained until his retirement in 
 1941. He published several scholarly his- 
 torical studies, collaborated in the writing 
 of several American history textbooks, and 
 wrote concerning Cleveland, e.g., Cultural 
 Story of an American City, Cleveland, 
 Cleveland, 1943. WWW 2 
 
 BENTON, GUY POTTER (May 26, 1865- 
 June 28, 1927), educator, was born in Ken- 
 ton, Hardin County. He served as president 
 of several institutions: Upper Iowa Uni- 
 versity (1899-1902), Miami University 
 (1902-11), and University of Vermont 
 (1911-19). From 1921 to 1924 he was 
 chief educational consultant to the presi- 
 dent of the University of the Philippines. 
 He wrote The Real College, Cincinnati, 
 [1909]. WWW 1 
 
 BENTON, WALTER J. (Oct. 27. 1907- ), 
 was born Walter Potashnik in Austria. His 
 family came to America in 1922 and settled 
 in Warren, Trumbull County, where he 
 attended public schools. After graduating 
 from Ohio University in 1933, he worked 
 for five years as an investigator for the De- 
 partment of Welfare, New York City, served 
 in the Signal Corps during World War II, 
 and now lives in New York City. He has 
 published poems in many national maga- 
 zines; his first collected volume was pub- 
 lished during the war: This Is My Beloved, 
 New York, 1943. 
 
 BERDAN, JOHN MILTON (July 9, 1873- 
 April 3, 1949), educator, was born in 
 Toledo, Lucas County. After graduating 
 from Yale in 1896, he taught in Toledo for 
 a time before joining the Yale faculty. He 
 retired from teaching in 1941. His advice 
 was valued by Sinclair Lewis and numerous 
 other writers who were his students at Yale. 
 He published several textbooks and Early 
 Tudor Poetry, New York, 1920. WWE 1 
 
 BERGEN, FANNY DICKERSON (Feb. 4, 
 1846- ? ), educator and folklorist, was born 
 in Mansfield, Richland County. She gradu- 
 ated from Antioch College in 1875. She 
 taught school in Mansfield, in Cleveland, 
 and at Antioch College. The first two titles 
 below were written in collaboration with 
 
 her husband, Joseph Y. Bergen (q.v.); the 
 last two were prepared under the sponsor- 
 ship of the American Folklore Society. 
 The Development Theory . . . , Boston, 
 
 1884. 
 Glimpses at the Plant World, New York, 
 
 1892. 
 Current Superstitions . . . , New York, 
 
 1896. 
 Animal and Plant Lore . . . , New York, 
 
 1899. 
 
 BERGEN, JOSEPH YOUNG (Feb. 22, 1851- 
 Oct. 10, 1917), was born in Red Bank, 
 Maine. After graduating from Antioch Col- 
 lege in 1872, he worked for a time on the 
 Ohio Geological Survey. He collaborated 
 with his wife, Fanny D. Bergen (q.v.), in 
 writing two books and also wrote a num- 
 ber of science textbooks. 
 
 BERGER, DANIEL (Feb. 14, 1832-Sept. 12, 
 1920), clergyman, was born near Reading, 
 Pa. In 1838 the family moved to Spring- 
 field, where Daniel grew up on a farm. 
 After two years' attendance at the Ohio 
 Methodist Conference high school, he spent 
 three years teaching at an academy in New 
 Carlisle and afterward became principal of 
 a school in Springfield. In 1853 he married 
 Mary Frances Merry (c.l833-Feb. 10. 1915), 
 a cousin of Cardinal Merry del Val. A 
 convert to Protestantism before her marriage, 
 she published in 1913 a widely read pam- 
 phlet: In and Out of Catholicism. Daniel be- 
 came a minister of the United Brethren 
 Church in 1854, served as a pastor until 
 1858, edited the Religious Telescope in Day- 
 ton, 1858-69, and was editor of the Sunday 
 School literature of the United Brethren 
 Church, 1869-95. 
 
 History of the Church of the United 
 Brethren in Christ, New York, 1894. 
 
 BERGER, ELMER (May 27, 1908- ), 
 rabbi, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He attended Cleveland public 
 schools and graduated from the University 
 of Cincinnati in 1930 and Hebrew Union 
 College in 1932. He was a rabbi in Pontiac, 
 Mich., 1932-36, and Flint, Mich., 1936-43. 
 He is executive director of the American 
 Council for Judaism and has written several 
 books, e.g., The Jewish Dilemma, New 
 York, 1945. 
 
 BERING, JOHN A. (1839-1922), was born 
 in Highland County. He served in the 48th 
 O.V.I, from Oct., 1861. to June, 1865. He 
 was taken prisoner in April, 1864, and was 
 imprisoned until the end of the war. He 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOfc 
 LIBRARY 
 
Berkman 
 
 52 
 
 collaborated with Thomas Montgomery in 
 
 writing the regimental history listed below. 
 
 History of the Forty-eiglith Ohio Veteran 
 
 Volunteer Infantry . . . , Hillsboro, 1880. 
 
 BERKMAN, JACK N. (Feb. 12, 1905- ), 
 laywer, born in London, England, was 
 brought when two years old to Canton, 
 where he grew up. After graduating from 
 the University of Michigan in 1926, he at- 
 tended Harvard Law School and on com- 
 pleting his work began practice in Steuben- 
 ville. He has published Playing God, a 
 Heroesque Comedy . . . , Boston, [1931]. 
 
 BERNARD, FLORENCE SCOTT (July 19, 
 1889-May 27, 1948), was born in Clyde, 
 Sandusky County. She attended the public 
 schools of Tiffin and after 1914 lived in 
 Toledo. She published short stories in maga- 
 zines and one book, Diana of Briarcliffe, 
 Boston, [1923]. WW 16 
 
 BERRY, ELWOOD SYLVESTER (Feb. 3, 
 1879-July 1, 1954), Catholic priest, was 
 born near Morganville, Morgan County. A 
 graduate of Mount Saint Mary's College, 
 Emmitsburg, Md., he taught in country 
 schools in Morgan County, 1896-99, studied 
 at Mount Saint Mary's of the West, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1901-06, served various parishes in 
 Ohio, 1906-22, and taught philosophy and 
 theology at Mount Saint Mary's, Md., from 
 1922 until his death. He published several 
 books on religious themes, e.g., The Apoca- 
 lypse of St. John, Columbus, 1921. 
 
 BESSE, HENRY (1823-1901), physician, was 
 born in Licking County. He read medicine 
 for two years, took a term of lectures at 
 Starling Medical College, and began prac- 
 ticing in East Liberty in 1847. In 1857 he 
 graduated from Western Reserve Medical 
 College, and in 1863 he moved to Delaware, 
 where he practiced until 1899. In March, 
 1871, he became agent and physician to 
 Mina and Minnie, Siamese twins born the 
 year before in Morrow County. The "dou- 
 ble babe" was exhibited in several Ohio 
 cities but died in July soon after the ex- 
 hibition reached Boston. About one-third 
 of Dr. Besse's curious book is devoted to 
 a description of the united babies. 
 Diploteratology; Or, a History of Some of 
 the Most Wonderful Human Beings That 
 Have Ever Lived in Double Form . . . , 
 Delaware, 1874. 
 
 BEST, NOLAN RICE (April 9, 1871-July 
 20, 1930), editor, was born in Rich Hill, 
 Knox County. He graduated from Otterbein 
 College in 1892. After a year with the 
 
 United Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, 
 and six years with the Zanesville Daily 
 Courier, he joined the staff of The Interior 
 (later The Continent); he was associated 
 with this periodical from 1901 until 1924, 
 when he became executive secretary of the 
 Baltimore Federation of Churches. His 
 death occurred in Baltimore, Md. His books, 
 written on religious and inspirational themes, 
 include The College Man in Doubt, Phila- 
 delphia, 1902. WWW 1 
 
 BEST, SUSIE MONTGOMERY (Aug. 4, 
 1869-March 13, 1944), educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, and spent 
 her entire life in that city. A teacher in the 
 elementary schools, she published articles 
 and poems in various periodicals and also 
 composed valentine verses for a commercial 
 publisher. She also wrote several titles in 
 a series, World Famous Stories in Historic 
 Settings. 
 
 The Fallen Pillar Saint, and Other Poems, 
 
 New York, 1890. 
 Altar Candles, Boston, [1927]. 
 Leaves from Life's Tree, a Book of Verse, 
 
 Philadelphia, [1947]. 
 
 BETTAN, ISRAEL (Jan. 16, 1889-Aug. 5, 
 1957), rabbi, was born in Lithuania. He 
 graduated from the University of Cincinnati 
 in 1910 and was ordained a rabbi in 1912. 
 He served a synagogue in Charleston, W. 
 Va., 1912-22, and was on the faculty of 
 Hebrew Union College, 1922-55. He pub- 
 lished several books on religious subjects, 
 e.g., The Five Scrolls; A Commentary . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1950. 
 
 BETTEN, FRANCIS SALES (Salesius) (April 
 16, 1863-Dec. 8, 1942), clergyman and 
 educator, born in Wocklum, Germany, came 
 to America in 1898. A member of the 
 Society of Jesus, he taught in several Catho- 
 lic universities, including St. Ignatius (John 
 Carroll) in Cleveland, 1909-28. He wrote 
 several history textbooks and some religious 
 works, e.g., St. Boniface and St. Virgil . . . , 
 [Washington, D. C, 1927]. WWW 2 
 
 BETTY, MRS. WILLIAM H. See Gladys E. 
 Toon. 
 
 BEUM, ROBERT LAWRENCE (Aug. 20, 
 1929- ), was born in Mount Vernon, Knox 
 County, but moved to Columbus at an 
 early age. He attended Ohio State Uni- 
 versity and in 1960 is studying for his doc- 
 torate at the University of Nebraska. While 
 a student at Ohio State, he published a 
 collection of poems under the pen name 
 Robert Lawrence: The Ninth Hour, New 
 York, [1948]. 
 
53 
 
 Bickley 
 
 BEVERIDGE, ALBERT JEREMIAH (1862- 
 April 27, 1927), lawyer, historian, and U. S. 
 Senator, was born in Highland County, but 
 lived only the first three years of his life 
 in Ohio. When he was three, his parents 
 moved to Illinois, and throughout his ma- 
 ture life he was a resident of Indiana. He 
 graduated from Asbury University, Green- 
 castle, Ind., in 1885, read law and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1887, practiced in 
 Indianapolis, and took an active part in 
 Indiana Republican politics. He served in 
 the Senate, 1899-1910, noted chiefly as an 
 exponent of imperialism. His joining the 
 Progressive movement in 1912 probably 
 was the cause of his subsequent failures to 
 win public office. As a historian and biogra- 
 pher, his masterpiece was The Life of John 
 Marshall, 4 vols., New York, 1916-19. His 
 biography of Lincoln, which is probably 
 better known, was left incomplete at the 
 time of his death. DAB 2 
 
 BEVIS, ALMA DARST MURRAY (Feb. 4, 
 1888- ), was born and educated in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati in 1909 
 and later did graduate work in several uni- 
 versities and taught school in Iowa and 
 Ohio. She has lived in Columbus since 
 1940, when her husband, Howard L. Bevis, 
 became president of Ohio State University. 
 Mrs. Bevis has published a historical study 
 of Harvard: Diets and Riots . . . , Boston, 
 1936. WWAW 1 
 
 BEVIS, SOPHIA CORTOLLDE HAZLETT 
 
 (July 17, 1846- ? ), was born in Zanesville, 
 Muskingum County. After working on New 
 York newspapers for some years, she came 
 to Cincinnati around 1883 to work on the 
 Penny Post. She married Henry M. Bevis, a 
 Cincinnati printer and publisher. She was 
 one of the founders of the Woman's Press 
 Club in Cincinnati. 
 Poems, Cincinnati, 1890. 
 
 BICKHAM, WILLIAM DENISON (March 
 30, 1827-March 29, 1894), journalist, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He 
 attended Cincinnati schools and Bethany 
 College. At the age of twenty he became 
 city and commercial editor of the Louisville 
 Daily Courier. In 1850 he joined the rush 
 to the gold fields of California; after work- 
 ing in various capacities on San Francisco 
 newspapers, he returned to Ohio in 1854. 
 He wrote his book on Rosecrans' campaign 
 while in the field as a war correspondent for 
 the Cincinnati Commercial. When the Day- 
 ton Journal was destroyed by a mob on 
 May 5, 1863, he was invited to take charge 
 
 and re-establish the newspaper. He assumed 
 proprietorship, a position he held until his 
 death in Dayton over thirty years later. 
 Rosecrans' Campaign with the Fourteenth 
 Army Corps, or the Army of the Cum- 
 berland: A Narrative of Personal Obser- 
 vations . . . , Cincinnati, 1863. 
 From Ohio to the Rocky Mountains . . . , 
 Dayton, 1879. 
 
 BICKLEY, GEORGE W. L. (1823-1867), 
 born in Russell County, Va., was left an 
 orphan at the age of twelve. He went to 
 Europe, where he spent a number of years 
 trying to trace his family. Wherever he 
 happened to be, he attended medical lec- 
 tures — Paris, London, Edinburgh, New York, 
 Philadelphia. Later, though apparently lack- 
 ing an academic degree, he is believed to 
 have taught in medical schools in the South; 
 meanwhile his mind was occupied with 
 grandiose schemes. At one time he is said 
 to have toyed with the idea of overthrow- 
 ing the Mexican government and establish- 
 ing himself as emperor, while on another 
 occasion he promoted a project for buying 
 the entire coal output of the Dominican 
 Republic. He turned up at Jeffersonville. 
 Tazewell County, Va., about 1850, opened 
 an office in the Union Hotel, and began prac- 
 ticing medicine there. It was during this 
 lull in his otherwise eventful career that 
 he took time out — a scant seven weeks — to 
 gather the materials and write a creditable 
 history of the county. He turned up at 
 Cincinnati in 1851 with the manuscript, 
 found a publisher, and the following year 
 began teaching materia medica at the 
 Eclectic Medical Institute. Declaring that 
 his work as a lecturer was eminently satis- 
 factory, Dr. Otto Juettner said: "He was 
 the equal of any medical writer in the 
 West at that time. His style reminds one 
 of Drake, rhetorical and of classic purity." 
 In 1853 he published a popular novel, Ad- 
 alaska, which was translated into German 
 and French. In April of that year — airily de- 
 nying pecuniary considerations — he founded 
 the West American Review "to elevate and 
 purify the tone of American literature by 
 a critical examination of its defects and 
 merits." A serial feature was included "to 
 meet a morbid appetite which has mani- 
 fested itself in the constant and ever in- 
 creasing demand for popular Magazines in 
 the United States." The following Novem- 
 ber the Review absorbed the Parlor Maga- 
 zine, of which Alice Cary was editor, and 
 continued until Oct., 1854, under the title 
 American Monthly. Shortly after its sus- 
 pension Bickley went underground. Little is 
 actually known of Bickley's movements dur- 
 
Bicknell 
 
 54 
 
 ing the next two years. He is said to have 
 toured the South, where he espoused the 
 cause of the Southern Rights Clubs, and to 
 have organized "castles" of his subversive 
 Knights of the Golden Circle. His only 
 known portrait, believed to have been taken 
 at this time, shows him wearing the insignia 
 of the order. As quietly as he had slipped 
 away, he returned to the practice of medi- 
 cine in Cincinnati and to the faculty of the 
 Eclectic Medical Institute in 1857. The 
 next year he became editor of the Scientific 
 Artisan, and in conjunction with Dr. R. S. 
 Newton he established the Cincinnati Eclec- 
 tic and Edinburgh Review. With secession 
 almost an accomplished fact in 1860, he 
 again went underground and began organiz- 
 ing the Knights in the border states. He 
 emerged long enough in May, 1861, to 
 address a defiant "Open Letter to the Ken- 
 tucky Legislature" wherein he boasted of 
 8,000 Knights scattered through every county 
 of that state. He could hardly have chosen 
 a more inopportune moment, for this was 
 the very month in which that implacable 
 foe of the Knights, the Union Club, was 
 organized in Louisville, and that was the 
 last heard of him in Kentucky. With a glib 
 story of having been caught in the deep 
 South at the outbreak of hostilities and 
 forced to serve in the Confederate army, 
 he turned up at General Rosecrans' head- 
 quarters in July, 1863, seeking a pass to 
 Cincinnati. Long since he had become a 
 marked man in the North, and it was prob- 
 ably with tongue in cheek that the General 
 granted him the pass, accompanied by the 
 injunction that he must travel direct to 
 Cincinnati with no stops between. He made 
 the mistake of stopping at New Albany, 
 Ind., where he found a military reception 
 committee awaiting him. and then and there 
 he went out of circulation for the duration 
 of the war. Afterward he toured Europe lec- 
 turing and sightseeing. He died in Baltimore, 
 Md. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 History of the Settlement and Indian Wars 
 of Tazewell County, Virginia . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1852. 
 Adalaska: Or, the Strange and Mysterious 
 Family of the Cave of Genreva, Cincin- 
 nati, 1853. 
 Physiological and Scientific Botany, [Cin- 
 cinnati, 1853]. 
 Principles of Scientific Botany, Cincinnati, 
 
 1853. 
 Concentrated Preparations, Cincinnati, 1855. 
 
 BICKNELL, EMELINE LARKIN (Feb. 19, 
 1825-May 29, 1916), was born on her 
 father's farm at Great Bend, Meigs County. 
 
 In 1846 she was married to Isaac Cowdery, 
 but in 1854 she obtained a divorce and re- 
 assumed her maiden name. She taught school 
 in Meigs County, was superintendent of a 
 Methodist home for the aged in New York 
 State, and returned to Ohio to become ma- 
 tron of the Meigs County Children's Home. 
 After retiring she lived in Pomeroy, where 
 she died at the age of 91. Throughout her 
 life she published poetry in various periodi- 
 cals, but the volume below is her only col- 
 lection. 
 Violets, and Other Poems, New York, 1897. 
 
 BIDDLE, HORACE PETERS (March 27, 
 1811-May 13, 1900), lawyer and judge, was 
 born in a log cabin in what is now Hocking 
 County. He attended district schools, read 
 law in Lancaster under Hocking H. Hunter, 
 and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1839. 
 In the same year he left Ohio for Indiana, 
 and the remainder of his life was spent 
 in that state. He practiced in Logansport, 
 served as circuit court judge, and also served 
 on the State Supreme Court. 1874-81. In 
 his home on Biddle's Island in the Wabash 
 River, he maintained the largest private 
 library in the state, translated works from 
 several European languages, and entertained 
 a wide circle of friends. An edition of the 
 first title below is said to have appeared in 
 1849, but no copy has been located. 
 A Few Poems, Cincinnati, 1858. 
 The Musical Scale, Cincinnati, 1860. 
 Poems, New York, 1868. 
 Biddle's Poems, New York, 1872. 
 The Definition of Poetry . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1873. 
 Glances at the World, [n.p.], 1873. 
 My Scrap Book, Logansport, 1874. 
 American Boyhood, Philadelphia. 1876. 
 The Analvsis of Rhxme . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1876. 
 An Essay on Russian Literature, Cincinnati, 
 
 1877. ' 
 The Tetrachord .... Cincinnati, 1877. 
 Amatories by an Amateur, Cincinnati, 1878. 
 The Elements of Knowledge, Cincinnati, 
 
 1881. 
 Prose Miscellany, Cincinnati. 1881. 
 Last Poems, Cincinnati. 1882. 
 The Eureka . . . , Logansport, 1886. 
 Life and Services of John B. Dillon, (with 
 
 John Coburn), Indianapolis, 1886. 
 
 BIDDLE, JACOB ALBERT (Dec. 24, 1845- 
 Sept. 24, 1914), was born in Rochester, 
 Lorain County. He was president of Philo- 
 math College, Oreg., and later served as 
 pastor in Milford and South Norwalk, Conn. 
 His death occurred in South Manchester, 
 Conn. 
 
55 
 
 Bierce, A. G. 
 
 Social Regeneration, Hartford, 1896. 
 The Perfect Life, Boston, [1915]. 
 
 BIDWELL, JOHN (Aug. 5, 1819-April 4, 
 1900), was born in Chautauqua County, 
 N. Y. His family moved to Ashtabula 
 County in 1831 and later moved on to 
 Darke County. In 1836 young Bidwell 
 walked the nearly 300 miles back to Ashta- 
 bula in order to enter Kingsville Academy. 
 There he made such progress that he was 
 elected principal of the institution for 1837. 
 He taught school in Darke County in 1838 
 and then decided to seek his fortune in the 
 West. In May, 1841, he joined the Bartleson 
 party at Independence, Mo., and thus be- 
 came a member of the first emigrant train 
 to make the journey to California from 
 Missouri. From his arrival until his death — 
 from the Bear Flag revolt of 1846 to his 
 candidacy for Governor of California in 
 1890 on the Prohibition ticket — he played 
 an active role in shaping the history of 
 California. In 1849 he acquired the exten- 
 sive Rancho Chico of 22,000 acres, which 
 he brought to such a high state of develop- 
 ment that he was recognized as the out- 
 standing agriculturist of the state. He was 
 one of the early regents of the University 
 of California and a benefactor of the State 
 Normal School. 
 John Bidwell's Trip to California, 1841, [St. 
 
 Louis, Mo., 1842]. 
 Echoes of the Past; An Account of the First 
 Emigrant Train to California, Fremont 
 in the Conquest of California, the Dis- 
 covery of Gold and Early Reminiscences, 
 Chico, Calif., [1900]. 
 
 BIERBOWER, ELSIE JAMS. See Elsie Janis. 
 
 BIERCE, AMBROSE GWINNETT (June 
 24, 1842-1914?), remembered principally 
 for the macabre short stories in Tales of 
 Soldiers and Civilians and Can Such Things 
 Be?, and The Devil's Dictionary, was born 
 in Meigs County. His father, Marcus Aure- 
 lius Bierce, and his mother, Laura Sherwood, 
 were both born in Cornwall, Conn. The 
 families migrated to Portage County, where 
 Marcus married Laura in 1822. In 1840 
 the family moved to Horse Cave, Meigs 
 County. The reticence of Bierce about his 
 early childhood and the scarcity of family 
 records prevent our knowing much about his 
 early life. It is said that the father had an 
 unusually large number of books and that 
 he had a taste for poetry. In 1846 they left 
 Ohio for Walnut Creek, Ind. The uncle 
 of Ambrose Bierce was Lucius Verus Bierce 
 (q.v. ), whose flamboyant career was of the 
 sort which would have attracted the nephew. 
 
 Family tradition has it that Ambrose visited 
 Lucius at various times in Akron and that 
 Lucius sent him to the Kentucky Military 
 Institute for a period. Bierce's inclination 
 to say little about his youth prevents our 
 knowing what his associations with his uncle 
 were. Nor is information from Lucius avail- 
 able on this interesting subject. Early after 
 the outbreak of the Civil War, Bierce joined 
 Company C of the Ninth Regiment of In- 
 diana Volunteers. His war years proved 
 him a good soldier, and he was to receive 
 citations for bravery in action and for ex- 
 cellence of service. He fought at Girard 
 Hill, Carrick's Ford, Shiloh, Chickamauga, 
 Missionary Ridge, and Kennesaw Moun- 
 tain, where he was wounded in the head. 
 He received a discharge early in 1865. His 
 war experiences provided him with material 
 for most of his memorable short stories and 
 for some of his finest sketches. In 1866 he 
 became attached to the staff of General 
 William B. Hazen (q.v.), under whom he 
 had served in the army. Bierce's job was 
 mapping and topographical studies. When 
 the expedition reached California, Bierce 
 was disappointed to learn that his conscien- 
 tious service was ill rewarded by a second 
 lieutenancy. He resigned. He was to remain 
 in California for the next five years. In 
 1867 he began contributing to the journals 
 and magazines on the West Coast, the Cali- 
 fornian printing his earliest poems. Soon 
 he was appearing in the News Letter, The 
 Golden Era, and other publications. Decem- 
 ber 25, 1871, he was married to Mollie 
 Day. The bride's father gave the young 
 couple a trip to England as a wedding gift. 
 They were to remain in England until the 
 autumn of 1875. Bierce worked on the 
 staff of Fun, edited the short-lived Lantern 
 for the Empress Eugenie, and contributed 
 to Hood's Comic Annual. He made various 
 acquaintances among London's literary fig- 
 ures, including George Augustus Sala, W. 
 S. Gilbert, and Thomas Hood. His mordantly 
 humorous sketches (observed in his early 
 books. The Fiend's Delight and Nuggets 
 and Dust Panned out in California) earned 
 for him the sobriquet "Bitter Bierce." In 
 1876 the Bierces were back in San Francisco. 
 Bierce worked on the Wasp and the Argonaut 
 until William Randolph Hearst took over 
 The Examiner in 1887. As conductor of the 
 column "Prattle." which appeared on the 
 editorial page, Bierce made himself the lit- 
 erary dictator of the Pacific coast; his 
 satirical and witty mots were widely quoted. 
 His first volume of stories, Tales of Soldiers 
 and Civilians (1891), however grim and 
 vivid, was not a publishing success. In 1892 
 he revised and rewrote G. A. Danziger's 
 
Bierce, C. B. C. 
 
 56 
 
 The Monk and the Hangman's Daughter. 
 Can Such Things Be? (1893) contained 
 some of his memorable stories, dealing with 
 supernatural occurrences and weird episodes. 
 It was in the early years of this decade that 
 Bierce achieved his greatest work. Hearst 
 sent Bierce to Washington in 1896 to write 
 against Huntington's proposed refunding bill; 
 the following year he was again in the 
 East, this time as correspondent of the 
 New York American. In 1906 appeared The 
 Cynic's Word Book, later titled Devil's Dic- 
 tionary, remembered for its sardonic defini- 
 tions and its devastating disillusionment. 
 His best work was now over; there remained 
 principally his garnering of fugitive pieces. 
 He edited his Collected Works (1909-12) 
 in a dozen volumes. This was an ill-advised 
 undertaking, for the material republished 
 was largely inferior; Bierce was unwilling 
 to omit patently immature work or stuff 
 better left hidden. His reputation gained 
 nothing by the pretentious row of volumes. 
 By 1913 he felt lonely and tired. He had 
 been disappointed in the publishing fiasco 
 of his Collected Works; moreover, many of 
 his friends were now dead. He made a 
 nostalgic tour of the battlefields upon which 
 he had fought and remembered the old 
 excitement. The political disturbances in 
 Mexico attracted him, and he decided to 
 cross the border. From time to time word 
 was heard from him; but after December 
 26, 1913, there was only silence. The vari- 
 ous myths concerning his death have re- 
 mained unresolved, but he found what he 
 sought, "the good, kind darkness." He re- 
 mains an important though not a key figure 
 in American literature. While his work may 
 suggest the manner and material of Poe, it 
 is actually not very much like Poe's. No 
 doubt he learned method from Poe and 
 from Bret Harte. In turn he seems to have 
 anticipated such unlike writers as Stephen 
 Crane and O. Henry. 
 
 Charles Duffy 
 Nuggets and Dust Panned Out in California, 
 (by Dod Grile, Collected and loosely ar- 
 ranged by J. Milton Sloluck), London, 
 [1872]. 
 The Fiend's Delight, (by Dod Grile), New 
 
 York, 1873. 
 Cobwebs from an Empty Skull, (by Dod 
 
 Grile), New York, 1874. 
 Tales of Soldiers and Civilians, San Fran- 
 cisco, 1891. 
 Black Beetle in Amber, San Francisco, 1892. 
 The Monk and the Hangman's Daughter, 
 
 Chicago, 1892. 
 Can Such Things Be?, New York, [1893]. 
 Fantastic Fables, New York, 1899. 
 Shapes of Clay, San Francisco, 1903. 
 
 The Cynic's Word Book, New York, 1906. 
 A Son of the Gods and a Horseman in the 
 
 Sky, San Francisco, 1907. 
 The Collected Works . . . , 12 vols., New 
 
 York, 1909-12. 
 The Shadow on the Dial, and Other Essays, 
 
 San Francisco, 1909. 
 Write It Right . . . , New York, 1909. 
 The Letters of Ambrose Bierce . . . , (Bertha 
 
 C. Pope, ed.), San Francisco, 1922. 
 Twenty-one Letters . . . , (Samuel Loveman, 
 
 ed.), Cleveland, 1922. 
 
 BIERCE, CHLOE B. CONANT (Oct. 30, 
 1802-Dec. 31, 1846), was born in Beckett, 
 Mass. Her parents brought her to Portage 
 County in 1811. She taught school in Penn- 
 sylvania during the summers of 1819 and 
 1821 and married H. N. Bierce in 1823. 
 Twenty-three years after her death from 
 tuberculosis, her son, Rev. D. E. Bierce, 
 discovered, edited, and published her jour- 
 nals. 
 
 Journal and Biographical Notice . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1869. 
 
 BIERCE, LUCIUS VERUS (Aug. 4, 1801- 
 Nov. 11, 1876), youngest of the seven chil- 
 dren of William and Abigail (Bell) Bierce, 
 was born in Cornwall Bridge, Conn. His 
 father was a Revolutionary War veteran 
 who, as a farmer and shoemaker, kept his 
 family in "comfortable circumstances." Aside 
 from the modest fame that Lucius enjoyed, 
 none of the family achieved distinction. His 
 eldest brother, Marcus Aurelius, was the 
 father of Ambrose Bierce (q.v.), and, ac- 
 cording to family legend, young Ambrose 
 modeled himself somewhat on his favorite 
 uncle, Lucius. Soon after the death of Abigail 
 in Sept., 1815, the family migrated to Nel- 
 son, Portage County, in the Connecticut 
 Reserve of Ohio. There were no advanced 
 schools in the newly settled Western Re- 
 serve, so young Bierce enrolled in the 
 Academy of Ohio University in Dec, 
 1817. His Roman name suited him well, 
 for the college's classical curriculum left 
 a decided mark upon his mind, and his par- 
 ticipation in the weekly debates of the 
 Athenian Literary Society introduced him 
 to a lifelong interest in forceful oral expres- 
 sion. In Sept., 1822, he graduated from the 
 University with an A.B. degree. One month 
 later Bierce started what might be described 
 as the American frontier's "Grand Tour." 
 In company with a college chum he set 
 forth on foot on a year-long, 1,800-mile 
 "ramble" through the South. He stayed 
 briefly at Lancaster, S. C, where he "played 
 pedagogue" and read law. In May, 1823, 
 having walked on to Athens, Ala., he com- 
 
57 
 
 Bierce, L. V. 
 
 pleted his legal reading and was licensed as 
 an attorney. Upon his return to Ohio, Bierce 
 continued his study of law and was licensed 
 to practice in Ohio. He settled in the West- 
 ern Reserve, where in 1826 he commenced 
 his career of public service as prosecuting 
 attorney for Portage County and justice of 
 the peace of Ravenna Township, offices 
 which he held for eleven years. Commis- 
 sioned a captain in the Ohio Militia in 
 1832, he attained the rank of brigadier 
 general five years later. That same year 
 Bierce moved a few miles west to the 
 young canal town of Akron, where he lived 
 until his death. Here he practiced law, 
 served six terms as mayor, was president 
 of the Akron School Board at a time when 
 the influential Akron School Law was pro- 
 mulgated, and was elected state senator. 
 He was a founder of Akron Lodge, Free 
 and Accepted Masons, and its Master for 
 many years. In 1853 he became Grand Mas- 
 ter of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. Bierce 
 supported the Washingtonian temperance 
 movement, urged local resistance to the Fugi- 
 tive Slave Act of 1850. extolled the virtues 
 of John Brown and aided him in his Kan- 
 sas ventures. On patriotic occasions he came 
 to be the unofficial public orator of the city 
 and its surrounding areas. Most colorful of 
 his many undertakings was the abortive 
 military foray that he led into Windsor, 
 Ontario, during the Canadian Rebellion of 
 1837-38. As a leading spirit in the Hunters 
 or Patriot movement, Bierce was commis- 
 sioned Major General and Commander in 
 Chief of the Patriot forces in Canada, and 
 in Dec, 1838, he personally led the western 
 forces across the Detroit River. His "army." 
 variously estimated at 147 to 400 men. was 
 routed by Canadian militia, and most of 
 his force was captured, but Bierce and a 
 few followers made good their escape to 
 Michigan. Bierce was twice indicted in 
 Federal court for violating American neu- 
 trality laws, but both indictments were 
 dropped. Too old for active campaigning 
 in the Civil War. Bierce raised a company 
 of volunteers for the Union armies and two 
 companies of Marines which he delivered 
 at his own expense to the Washington Navy 
 Yard. He served as assistant adjutant gen- 
 eral of Volunteers in Ohio, as inspector for 
 Ohio, and, near the war's end. as a com- 
 mandant of Camp Washburne and Camp 
 Randall, Wis. Throughout his life Bierce 
 was a keen observer of people and places. 
 On his long Southern walk he kept notes 
 that he expanded into a journal which he 
 later edited, evidently with an eye toward 
 publication. Despite his pretentious style, 
 one feels the force of Bierce's convictions, 
 
 the slash of his caustic wit. This is evident 
 in his description of his first encounter with 
 Negro slavery, his assessment of Indians 
 and half-breeds, and his description of ec- 
 centric characters such as the Kentuckian 
 who claimed to be Jesus Christ. This jour- 
 nal was one of the items Bierce donated to 
 the library of the recently established 
 Buchtel College, now the University of Ak- 
 ron. Though never properly published, 
 poorly edited portions of the journal were 
 serialized in the Akron Alumni Quarterly 
 (1919-22). Local history, specifically the 
 history of the Western Reserve, was the 
 subject of most of Bierce's published writ- 
 ing. Sometime in the ante-bellum period he 
 determined to record the story of this re- 
 gion he had claimed for his own. Soon after 
 he settled in Akron he began collecting his- 
 torical material which he organized into 
 sketches of the various townships of Sum- 
 mit County. In 1854 the Canfield brothers 
 of Akron published eighteen of these 
 sketches in a collection called Historical 
 Reminiscences of Summit County. Between 
 1855 and 1868, seventeen similar sketches 
 of Portage County townships appeared in 
 the Portage County Democrat under the 
 title "Home Reminiscences." They were in- 
 tended to be part of a history of the West- 
 ern Reserve which never materialized. 
 Bierce had published an introductory essay 
 for this proposed history in the Akron Ar- 
 gus (1873-74). This essay and the sketches 
 form a substantial basis for such a history. 
 Numerous other historical articles and ora- 
 tions were printed in newspapers and pam- 
 phlets, and had Bierce been able to gather 
 all his writings in one publication, it would 
 have constituted the most extensive material 
 yet compiled about the history of the West- 
 ern Reserve. Bierce was not a great stylist. 
 His histories are not analytical nor do they 
 deal with the broad sweep of events, but 
 they do represent a detailed account of the 
 lives of the people who first settled the Re- 
 serve. He has properly labeled his writings 
 "reminiscences" — reminiscences of Indians, 
 of big hunts, of pioneer hardships. He was 
 much concerned, as were the pioneers, with 
 "firsts," and the first settler, the first child 
 born in an area, the first church were ac- 
 counted for whenever possible. By preserv- 
 ing and recording the recollections of early 
 settlers he performed an important historical 
 function. Only a small portion of Bierce's 
 writings concern subjects other than the Re- 
 serve. In 1855 he published his revision of 
 Sir Roger L'Estrange's abstract of Seneca's 
 Morals. In 1868 he tried his hand at biog- 
 raphy with a brief assessment of Asaph 
 Whittlesey of Tallmadge. He also left a 
 
Bigelow 
 
 58 
 
 number of unpublished essays on science 
 and religion. Bierce regretted his lack of 
 surviving heirs. In 1836 he married Frances 
 C. Peck, who bore him a son. The infant's 
 death in Feb., 1839, was followed in six 
 months by his mother's. In 1840 Bierce 
 married Sophronia Ladd. She survived him 
 by six years, but their daughter died when 
 nineteen. On Nov. 11, 1876, in the Centen- 
 nial Year, "General" Bierce, as he was re- 
 spectfully called, died quietly at his Akron 
 home. 
 
 George W. Knepper 
 Historical Reminiscences of Summit County 
 . . . , Akron, 1854. 
 
 BIGELOW, MAURICE ALPHEUS (Dec. 8, 
 1872-Jan. 6, 1955), educator, was born in 
 Milford Center, Union County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1894 and from Harvard University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1901. He served on the biology faculty, 
 Columbia University, 1899-1939. He pub- 
 lished a number of textbooks and a series 
 of lectures: Sex Education . . . , New York, 
 1916. WWW 3 
 
 BIGGER, DAVID DWIGHT (May 18, 1849- 
 Feb. 3, 1932), clergyman, born in Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa., was pastor of First Presbyterian 
 Church, Tiffin, 1878-96. His death occurred 
 in St. Petersburg, Fla. He wrote at least 
 two biographies, e.g., a life of General 
 William H. Gibson: Ohio's Silver-Tongued 
 Orator . . . , Dayton, 1901. 
 
 BIGGERS, EARL DERR (Aug. 26, 1884- 
 April 5, 1933), was born in Warren, Trum- 
 bull County. After graduating from Har- 
 vard in 1907, he wrote for the Boston Trav- 
 eler. His first popular success came in 1913 
 with Seven Keys to Baldpate, which was 
 fairly successful as a novel but spectacularly 
 so as a play starring George M. Cohan. Big- 
 gers' best-known character, Charlie Chan, 
 appeared first in The House Without a Key, 
 Indianapolis, [1925]. The suave, sagacious 
 Chinese detective caught the public's fancy 
 and has been reincarnated in a comic strip, 
 motion pictures, and television plays. Alto- 
 gether, Biggers wrote six Charlie Chan nov- 
 els, all of them first serialized in the Satur- 
 day Evening Post and all immensely pop- 
 ular. The amiable, patient Chinese is one 
 of the half-dozen best-known fictional de- 
 tectives. DAB 21 
 
 BIGGS, LOUISE OGAN (July 24, 1882-Oct. 
 28, 1958), educator, was born in Elk Town- 
 ship, Vinton County. After graduating from 
 Ohio University, she taught school in Mc- 
 Arthur and also in Wisconsin and West 
 
 Virginia. She published a book of Bible 
 stories and A Brief History of Vinton 
 County, Columbus, 1950. 
 
 BILES, ROY EDWIN (May 12, 1888-March 
 3, 1941), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. After he became interested in gar- 
 dening, he lectured widely on the subject 
 and published articles in the Cincinnati En- 
 quirer and other newspapers. He published 
 two books, the first of which was The Book 
 of Garden Magic, [Cincinnati, 1935]. 
 
 BILLINGS, JOHN SHAW (April 12, 1838- 
 March 11, 1913), physician and librarian, 
 was born in southeastern Indiana. He at- 
 tended Miami University and Medical Col- 
 lege of Ohio during the 1850s and practiced 
 in Cincinnati during 1860-61. He was a 
 prolific and influential writer of articles, 
 pamphlets, and books on medicine, statistics, 
 hospital construction, libraries, and related 
 subjects. 
 
 BILLINGS, JOSH. Pseud. See Henry W. 
 Shaw. 
 
 BILLINGSLEY, AMOS STEVENS (Nov. 14, 
 1818-Oct. 12, 1897), clergyman, was born 
 near East Palestine, Columbiana County. 
 He graduated from Jefferson College in 
 1847 and Allegheny Theological Seminary 
 in 1850. He served as pastor of several 
 churches, as a missionary in Nebraska and 
 Colorado, and as an army chaplain. The 
 first title below was also published as From 
 the Flag to the Cross. . . . He died in 
 Statesville, N. C. 
 Christianity in the War . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1872. 
 The Life of the Great Preacher, Reverend 
 
 George Whitefield . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1878. 
 
 BIMELER, JOSEPH MICHAEL (c.1778- 
 Aug. 27, 1853), was the leader of the Ger- 
 man Separatists who founded the village of 
 Zoar in Tuscarawas County from the time 
 of their migration from Wiirttemberg in 
 1817 until his death. The colony was or- 
 ganized on 5,500 acres of land purchased 
 with the aid of Quakers in Philadelphia, 
 where the colonists landed on their arrival 
 in America. Little is known of Bimeler's 
 early life, but he is said to have been a 
 schoolteacher in Munich as a young man. 
 His interests were broad; he had a profes- 
 sional knowledge of weaving and had more 
 than a passing interest in music, he had 
 read widely in the fields of medicine, chem- 
 istry, astronomy, and history. The out- 
 standing success of the Zoar experiment in 
 
59 
 
 Bird, A. M. P. 
 
 communal living is sufficient proof of his 
 acumen as a businessman. His guiding hand 
 was sadly missed after his death, although 
 the village continued to prosper and, even 
 as late as the 1890s, was described by city 
 dwellers as a rural paradise. The three vol- 
 umes listed below, containing more than 
 2,500 pages, are adequate testimony both 
 of Bimeler's mastery of Separatist theology 
 and of his recognition by the villagers as 
 their spiritual guide. The volume Etwas 
 Fiirs Herzf, which was the last to be 
 printed, covers the period 1822-29 and 
 therefore antedates the material in the two 
 volumes of Die Wahre Separation. These 
 addresses (they were never referred to as 
 sermons), more than 500 in all, represent 
 approximately one-third of those delivered 
 by Bimeler in the course of thirty years. 
 Herr Bimeler did not write these sermons. 
 He spoke extemporaneously Sunday after 
 Sunday, believing along with his listeners 
 that the Holy Spirit was speaking through 
 him. The addresses were preserved under 
 circumstances that might be described as 
 fortuitous. Johannes Neef, a young member 
 of the Society and for a time the village 
 schoolmaster, began in 1822 to make notes 
 of Bimeler's remarks in order that his 
 father, who was deaf, might know what the 
 leader was saying. His early efforts, pre- 
 served in Etwas Fiirs Herz!, were in the na- 
 ture of summaries, but his skill increased 
 with the years, and Die Wahre Separation 
 apparently contains the lectures almost as 
 they were delivered. Neef continued his 
 labor of love until his untimely death in 
 1832, and all save Part Four of Die Wahre 
 Separation may be attributed to him. An- 
 other amanuensis appeared in 1834, but 
 his name has been lost. The Separatists had 
 a passion for anonymity; Bimeler's name 
 does not appear in these volumes, and it is 
 only by tradition that Jacob Sylvan is iden- 
 tified as the editor of the volumes and the 
 author of the valuable introduction. Bim- 
 eler's death was a tragic blow to the So- 
 ciety, for there was no obvious successor in 
 either secular or religious leadership. For 
 a time the regular Sunday service consisted 
 of reading from religious literature, but this 
 did not appeal to the congregation. It then 
 occurred to some of the villagers that 
 Neef's manuscripts might be printed as a 
 source of spiritual guidance. After an un- 
 successful experiment with a small press, 
 they purchased adequate equipment and 
 hired an experienced printer. The press was 
 sold after the single project was completed. 
 Aside from these volumes and two hymnals, 
 no Zoar imprints of this period have been 
 identified. The communal life at Zoar has 
 
 attracted perennial interest because of its 
 economic program, but to the villagers 
 themselves the religious beliefs that they 
 held in common were of transcendent im- 
 portance. Bimeler's writings are the source 
 for the study of those beliefs and are there- 
 fore of interest to the specialist. The reader 
 will seek in vain for more than passing ref- 
 erence to the daily life of these unique 
 Ohioans. 
 
 William T. Utter 
 Die Wahre Separation, Oder die Wieder- 
 gehurt, Dargestellet in Geistreichen und 
 Erbaulichen Versammlungs-reden und 
 Betrachtungen . . . , 4 parts in 2 vols., 
 Zoar, 1856-60. 
 Etwas Fiirs Herz! Oder Geistliche Brosa- 
 men von des Herrn Tisch Gefallen . . . , 
 2 parts in 1 vol., Zoar, 1860-61. 
 
 BINKLEY, ROBERT CEDRIC (Dec. 10, 
 1897- April 11, 1940), educator, was born 
 in Mannheim, Pa. He was educated at Stan- 
 ford University (A.B., 1922; Ph.D., 1927). 
 From 1929 until his death he was a mem- 
 ber of the history department of Western 
 Reserve University. Besides technical books 
 and articles on historical research, he wrote 
 Responsible Drinking, New York, [1930]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 BINKLEY, WILFRED ELLSWORTH (July 
 29, 1883- ), educator, was born in Al- 
 len County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Northern University in 1907 and Ohio State 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1936. He taught in 
 Ohio public schools, 1900-21, after which 
 he joined the faculty of Ohio Northern. His 
 books include The Powers of the President; 
 Problems of American Democracy, New 
 York, 1937. WW 30 
 
 BIRD, ANNA M. PENNOCK (June 28, 1855- 
 Oct. 10, 1946), was born in Lancaster, Pa., 
 where she was reared a Quaker and where 
 she began teaching school at the age of 
 eighteen. She moved to Toledo in 1894 and 
 spent the remainder of her life in that com- 
 munity. Her lectures on applied psychology 
 led to the formation of mothers' and teach- 
 ers' clubs, which are said to have been the 
 first Parent-Teachers Association in Toledo. 
 In 1903 she married C. L. Bird, a civil en- 
 gineer. She was a Theosophist and was 
 president of Harmony Lodge, Toledo, for 
 36 years. She was also a vegetarian and 
 conducted classes in preparing vegetable 
 meals. She wrote articles for New Thought 
 and other magazines and published many 
 letters and articles in Toledo newspapers. 
 Creative Force in the Vegetable, Animal 
 and Human World . . . , Toledo, [1897]. 
 
Bird, H. L. B. 
 
 60 
 
 Inside of Our Own Doors, Toledo, [1897]. 
 The Thought Circle, Toledo, [1898]. 
 
 BIRD. HELEN LOUISA BOSTWICK (Jan. 
 5, 1826-Dec. 20, 1907), was born in North 
 Charlestown, N. H. In 1838 she removed 
 with her family to Bucyrus and, shortly 
 after, to Ravenna. She began contributing 
 verse to the press in 1844, the year in 
 which she married Edwin Bostwick. Within 
 a few years her verse was appearing in 
 many leading periodicals. "I bestow upon 
 Mrs. Bostwick a sincere praise that need 
 not waste itself in compliment. Her poems 
 betray study of the best authors of our 
 language, without being the less original. If 
 her faculty does not amount to genius, it 
 is at least transcendent talent." Thus wrote 
 William Dean Howells in 1860. Yet, her 
 best work was to follow the death of Mr. 
 Bostwick, on Sept. 9, 1860. Her contribu- 
 tions appeared in the National Era, the New 
 York Independent, the Atlantic Monthly, 
 and other periodicals. Her "Drafted" was 
 one of the best-known poems of Civil War 
 days; it won its place in public school 
 repertories, where it remained until protests 
 against the draft became unfashionable. So 
 too with the rest of the work of this once 
 very popular poet: it has since been ob- 
 scured by the vagaries of fashion. Follow- 
 ing her marriage to Dr. John F. Bird in 
 1875 she moved to Philadelphia, where she 
 spent the remainder of her life. 
 Buds, Blossoms, and Berries, Columbus, 
 
 1861. 
 Four O Clocks. Poems, Philadelphia, 1880. 
 
 BIRINYI, LOUIS KOSSUTH (April 19, 
 1887-Sept. 3, 1941), lawyer, was born in 
 Hungary. He came to the United States in 
 1903 and, after graduating from Franklin 
 and Marshall College in 1913, settled in 
 Cleveland. He graduated from Western Re- 
 serve University law school in 1916 and 
 afterward practiced in Cleveland. He pub- 
 lished both articles and books on his native 
 country, e.g., The Tragedy of Hungary; An 
 Appeal for World Peace, Cleveland, [1924]. 
 
 BIRKHIMER, WILLIAM EDWARD (March 
 1, 1848-June 10. 1914), army officer, was 
 born in Somerset, Perry County. After 
 serving as a private in the 4th Iowa Volun- 
 teer Cavalry, 1864-65, he attended the 
 U. S. Military Academy, where he graduated 
 in 1870. He rose to the rank of brigadier 
 general and retired, at his own request, 
 after forty years' service in 1906. His death 
 occurred in Washington, D. C. 
 The Law of Appointment and Promotion in 
 
 the Regular Army of the United States 
 
 . . . , New York, 1880. 
 
 Historical Sketch of the Organization, Ad- 
 ministration, Materiel and Tactics of the 
 Artillery, United States Army, Washing- 
 ton, D. C, 1884. 
 
 Military Government and Martial Law . . . , 
 Washington, D. C, 1892. 
 
 BISHOP, JESSE P. (June 1, 1815-Oct. 28, 
 1881), lawyer, was born in New Haven, 
 Vt. After coming to Ohio in 1836, he en- 
 tered Western Reserve College, where he 
 graduated the following year. He read law, 
 was admitted to the Ohio bar, and prac- 
 ticed in Cleveland. 
 Presidential Question. A Legal View of the 
 
 Presidential Conflict of 1876, [Cleveland, 
 
 1876?]. 
 . The Southern Question. A View of the 
 
 Policy and Constitutional Powers of the 
 
 President . . . , Cleveland, 1877. 
 
 BISHOP, JOSIAH GOODMAN (Sept. 14, 
 1833-March 23, 1922), clergyman, was 
 born in St. Clair Bottom, Va. Ordained to 
 the ministry of the Christian Church in 
 1856, he preached in several states. From 
 1890 until 1915 he devoted himself to the 
 missionary endeavors of his church. He 
 founded and edited the Christian Missionary, 
 published in Dayton. He died in Watertown, 
 Mass. He wrote a volume on missionary 
 activities of his church: The Christians and 
 the Great Commission . . . , Dayton, 1914. 
 OBB 
 
 BISHOP, ROBERT HAMILTON (July 26, 
 1777-April 29, 1855), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born near Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 He was licensed to preach by the pres- 
 bytery of Perth in 1802 and sailed for 
 America the same year. After serving for 
 two years as a missionary in southern Ohio, 
 he was made professor of philosophy at 
 Transylvania University, where he remained 
 until 1824. He was the first president of 
 Miami University, 1824—41, and taught his- 
 tory and political science there, 1841-44. 
 He taught at Farmers' College, Pleasant 
 Hill, from 1845 until his death. His theories 
 regarding the influence of society on the in- 
 dividual make him a pioneer in the develop- 
 ment of sociology. He opposed slavery, a 
 stand which led to his leaving Miami, but 
 he also opposed the extreme measures of 
 the abolitionists. Besides the titles below, 
 he published sermons, pamphlets, and text- 
 books in logic and government. 
 An Apology for Calvinism, Lexington, 1804. 
 A Legacy to Vacant Congregations, Lex- 
 ington, 1804. 
 An Outline of the History of the Church in 
 the State of Kentucky . . . , Lexington, 
 1824. 
 
61 
 
 Blackwell, E. 
 
 Sketches of the Philosophy of the Bible 
 
 . . . , Oxford, 1833. 
 Addresses Delivered at Miami University 
 
 1829-1834, Hamilton, 1835. 
 
 BISSELL, WALTER LEWIS (Feb. 5, 1879- 
 May 6, 1957), educator, was born in Roots- 
 town, Portage County. A graduate of West- 
 ern Reserve University in 1903, he taught 
 in the Cleveland schools for many years. 
 He wrote a family history, articles on edu- 
 cation and literature, and a number of 
 plays, e.g., When Marble Speaks, a Dream 
 of World Peace, Cleveland, [1934]. 
 
 BITTINGER, LUCY FORNEY (Aug. 29, 
 1859-1907), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. She compiled a book of pray- 
 ers, wrote genealogical works, and published 
 a valuable historical study: The Germans in 
 Colonial Times, Philadelphia, 1901. 
 
 BLACK, EFFIE SQUIER (March 4, 1866- 
 April 18, 1906), was born in Sulphur 
 Springs, Crawford County. After her mar- 
 riage to Thomas B. Black in 1885, she lived 
 in Kenton, Hardin County. She is said to 
 have written articles for magazines and 
 composed hymns which were used by lead- 
 ing evangelists. 
 Heart-Whispers, Cleveland, [1900]. 
 
 BLACK, FORREST REVERE (Nov. 3, 
 1894-Sept. 21, 1943), educator, was born 
 in Tiffin, Seneca County. He was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar in 1920 and practiced for 
 one year in Tiffin, after which he entered 
 college teaching. He served on the faculties 
 of several universities and spent ten years 
 in government service. He published nu- 
 merous magazine articles, both professional 
 and popular; his books include Ill-Starred 
 Prohibition Cases . . . , Boston [1931]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 BLACK, GLENN G. (May 6, 1888- ), 
 was born in Bedford, Cuyahoga County, 
 but spent much of his life in Lucas County. 
 Since his retirement in 1956 as sales man- 
 ager for the Dog Food Division, Kasco 
 Mills, Toledo, he has lived in Tryon, N. C. 
 Deeply interested in hunting and field 
 sports, he has written numerous articles for 
 outdoors magazines and one book, Ameri- 
 can Beagling, New York, [1949]. 
 
 BLACK, JAMES RUSH (March 3, 1827- 
 Nov. 19, 1895), physician, born in Lanark, 
 Scotland, came to America in 1841. He 
 studied at Denison University and the Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 
 City. After practicing a few years in Lin- 
 
 ville and Hebron, he went to California. 
 During the Civil War he served as surgeon 
 of the 113th O.V.I, and afterward prac- 
 ticed medicine in Newark, Licking County, 
 and taught at Columbus Medical College. 
 He wrote a number of scientific and med- 
 ical articles, both professional and popular. 
 Alcohol as Medicine, and How It Affects 
 
 the Temperance Cause, Syracuse, N. Y., 
 
 1870. 
 The Ten Laws of Health . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1872. 
 
 BLACK, MARGARET SHAFER (Nov. 17, 
 1859-Oct. 17, 1913), was born in Dayton, 
 Montgomery County. After teaching school 
 for a time in Indianapolis, Ind., she moved 
 to Mansfield in 1890. Her death occurred 
 in Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 Hadassah; Or, Esther, Queen to Ahasuerus, 
 Chicago, 1895. 
 
 BLACK, ROBERT LOUNSBURY (Sept. 15, 
 1881-Jan. 24, 1954), lawyer and railroad 
 president, was born in Norwood, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from Yale Univer- 
 sity in 1903 and Harvard Law School in 
 1906. He practiced in Cincinnati and also 
 served as president of the Little Miami 
 Railroad. He wrote The Little Miami Rail- 
 road, Cincinnati, [1940]. WWW 3 
 
 BLACK, SAMUEL CHARLES (Sept. 6, 1869- 
 July 25, 1921), Iowa-born clergyman, was 
 pastor of Collingwood Avenue Presbyterian 
 Church in Toledo, 1910-19. While living in 
 Ohio, he wrote Progress in Christian Cul- 
 ture, Philadelphia, 1912. WWW 1 
 
 BLACKLEDGE, CELIZE FOOTE (Oct., 
 1857-1937), was born on a farm near 
 Fredericktown, Knox County. In 1936 she 
 was living in Bellville. She published a 
 novel: Who Knows . . . , [Mt. Vernon, 
 1926], and as Cella Foote Blackledge, a 
 collection of verse: The Minstrel's Inspira- 
 tion . . . , Fredericktown, 1915. 
 
 BLACKMORE, SIMON AUGUSTINE (Feb. 
 24, 1849-Sept. 5, 1926), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Milwaukee, Wis. He 
 was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 
 1885 and taught at St. Xavier's College, 
 Cincinnati, from 1886 to 1888 and at St. 
 Ignatius' College, Cleveland, from 1917 
 until his death. His writings include several 
 studies of Shakespeare and Spiritism, Facts 
 and Frauds, New York, 1924. WWW 1 
 
 BLACKWELL, ELIZABETH (1813-March 
 3, 1897), was born in England. In the 1860s 
 she came to Toledo, where she gave music 
 
Blackwell, E. 
 
 62 
 
 lessons and was active in the cultural life 
 
 of that city. 
 
 Poems, [Toledo, 1884]. 
 
 BLACKWELL, ELIZABETH (Feb. 3, 1821- 
 May 31, 1910), pioneer woman doctor and 
 sister of Henry B. Blackwell (q.v. ), spent 
 about four years in Cincinnati (1838-42). 
 In 1849, despite serious obstacles she be- 
 came a physician; and in 1857 with her 
 sister Emily she founded the New York 
 Infirmary and College for Women and de- 
 voted her life to the cause of women's prac- 
 ticing medicine. She wrote numerous books 
 on medical, educational, and social ques- 
 tions. 
 
 BLACKWELL, HENBY BBOWN (May 4, 
 1825-Sept. 7, 1909), editor and reformer, 
 was born in Bristol, England. In 1832 the 
 family came to New York and in 1838 
 moved to Cincinnati. The father died soon 
 after they arrived in Cincinnati, leaving his 
 widow with nine children to support. Henry 
 worked at various jobs before becoming a 
 hardware dealer. Like the other members 
 of his family he was a vigorous opponent 
 of slavery and just as vigorous a propo- 
 nent of women's rights. In 1855 he married 
 Lucy Stone, Oberlin graduate and reformer. 
 Having pledged himself to the cause of 
 women's suffrage, he devoted his life to 
 this and other humanitarian causes. His 
 proposal that the South institute women's 
 suffrage to offset the effects of Negro suf- 
 frage illustrates his single-minded commit- 
 ment to the cause of women's rights. An ex- 
 cellent businessman, he made enough money 
 from various ventures to support the causes 
 in which he and his wife were interested. 
 He published pamphlets and edited the 
 Women's Journal. His death occurred in 
 Dorchester, Mass. 
 
 What the South Can Do. How the South- 
 ern States Can Make Themselves Masters 
 of the Situation, [New York, 1867]. 
 Reciprocity, a Republican Issue, Boston, 
 [1904?]. 
 
 BLAINE, HABBY G. (Nov. 25, 1858-Jan. 
 31, 1930), physician, was born in Wheeling, 
 Va., but in 1861 he was brought to Attica, 
 Seneca County, and grew up there. At six- 
 teen he began teaching school. After study- 
 ing medicine with an Attica doctor, he at- 
 tended Indiana Eclectic Medical College, 
 Indianapolis, where he graduated in 1882. 
 He practiced in Reedstown for a year and 
 afterward in Attica and Toledo. In 1884 he 
 established a monthly magazine, Medical 
 Compend. He also taught at Toledo Medi- 
 cal College. 
 
 The Physician: His Relation to the Law 
 . . . , Toledo, 1893. 
 
 BLANCHABD, CHABLES ELTON (Aug. 29, 
 1868-Jan. 16, 1945), physician, was born 
 in Orwell, Ashtabula County. After grad- 
 uating from Western Reserve University 
 Medical School in 1902, he practiced in 
 Cleveland and Youngstown. He published 
 the Letters (1931) and the Diary (1934) 
 of a Dr. Amos Betterman (1825-1910), an 
 old-style country doctor. All evidence indi- 
 cates that he was an imaginary character 
 invented by Blanchard to exemplify virtues 
 he admired. Besides numerous pamphlets, 
 verse, and medical works, he published 
 Our Unfinished Revolution, Youngstown, 
 1933. 
 
 BLANCHABD, FEBDINAND QUINCY (July 
 23, 1876- ), clergyman, was born in 
 
 Jersey City, N. J. He graduated from Am- 
 herst College in 1898 and Yale Divinity 
 School in 1901. He was pastor of Euclid 
 Avenue Congregational Church, Cleveland, 
 1915-51. After retiring he continued to live 
 in Cleveland. He has written hymns and 
 religious books, e.g., For the King's Sake, 
 East Orange, N. J., 1909. WW 28 
 
 BLANCHABD, JONATHAN (Jan. 19, 1811- 
 May 14, 1892), clergyman, was born in 
 Rockingham, Vt. He attended Lane Theo- 
 logical Seminary, and was installed as pastor 
 of the Sixth Presbyterian Church, Cincin- 
 nati, in 1838. He was a vigorous opponent 
 of slavery and of the Masons and Odd 
 Fellows. A record of his debate with N. L. 
 Rice (q.v.) was reprinted at least twice: 
 A Debate on Slavery . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1846. 
 
 BLANCHABD, LUCY MANSFIELD (March 
 6, 1869-April 23, 1927), educator, born in 
 Boston, Mass., graduated from Belmont 
 College, Cincinnati, in 1888 and served on 
 its faculty as professor of Greek and Latin, 
 1888-94. She later taught at Bartholomew's 
 School for Girls, Cincinnati. She spent her 
 later life in Salt Lake City, Utah. She wrote 
 several books for juvenile readers, e.g., 
 Chico; The Story of a Homing Pigeon, 
 Boston, [1922]. WWW 1 
 
 BLANEY, CHABLES E. (c.l875-Oct. 21, 
 1944), dramatist and producer, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. He wrote 
 his first play at 21 and rapidly became suc- 
 cessful as a writer and producer of melo- 
 dramas. He was associated with various 
 theatrical chains, and at the time of his 
 retirement from the theatrical business in 
 1919 he owned several theaters. In the last 
 
63 
 
 Blue, H. T. O. 
 
 25 years of his life he was in the real- 
 estate business in New Canaan, Conn. Of 
 the more than 180 plays that he wrote and 
 produced, few were committed to print, 
 although a few novels were printed that 
 were based on his more popular melo- 
 dramas, e.g., The Child Slaves of New 
 York . . . , New York, 1904. 
 
 BLEDSOE, ALBERT TAYLOR (Nov. 9, 
 1809-Dec. 8. 1877), studied at Kenyon 
 College after his graduation from the U. S. 
 Military Academy in 1830. He was on the 
 Kenyon faculty, 1833-34, and that of 
 Miami University. 1835-36. A militant 
 controversialist, he is best known for his 
 defense of secession: Is Davis a Traitor; Or, 
 Was Secession a Constitutional Right Pre- 
 vious to the War of 1861?, Baltimore, 1866. 
 
 BLISS, DANIEL (Aug. 17, 1823-July 27, 
 1916), founder of the American Univer- 
 sity, Beirut, was born in Georgia, Vt. After 
 the death of his mother when he was nine, 
 he lived with relatives near Painesville and 
 Kingsville. He graduated from Kingsville 
 Academy in 1848. after which he entered 
 Amherst College. His Reminiscences . . . , 
 New York, 1920, was edited by his son 
 Frederick. DAB 2 
 
 BLISS, PHILEMON (July 28, 1813-Aug. 
 24, 1889), congressman and judge, was 
 born in North Canton, Conn. He resided in 
 Ohio for twenty years (1841-61). He prac- 
 ticed law in Elyria. served as judge of the 
 14th district from 1849 to 1852, and served 
 in Congress from 1854 to 1856. In 1861 he 
 moved to the Dakota Territory and in 
 1863 to Missouri. He published several of 
 his speeches in the House of Representatives 
 and a treatise on legal pleading. 
 Of Sovereignty, Boston, 1885. 
 
 BLISS, SYLVIA HORTENSE (Dec. 13, 
 1870- ), was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County. She attended the schools of Toledo 
 and Des Moines, Iowa. After studying mu- 
 sic at Syracuse University, she was a church 
 organist and music teacher in Vermont. She 
 now lives in Rochester, Vt. She has written 
 Quests; Poems in Prose, Montpelier, Vt., 
 1920, and a book of verse: Sea Level, North 
 Montpelier, Vt., 1933. WWNAA 7 
 
 BLOOM, SAMUEL STAMBAUGH (March 
 11, 1834-Aug. 1, 1902), lawyer, was born 
 in Perry County, Pa. He taught school, 
 farmed, and read law before coming to 
 Ohio in 1856. He served as mayor of 
 Shelby, 1858-63, and in 1864 began the 
 practice of law. He edited the Shelby News, 
 
 1868-89. He was active in Democratic pol- 
 itics and served in the state legislature, 
 1864-68 and 1878-82. He moved to Colum- 
 bus in 1891 but returned to Shelby before 
 his death. 
 
 Why Are You a Democrat? . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1880. 
 Why We Are Democrats . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 [1884]. 
 One Hundred Years of Platforms, Prin- 
 ciples and Policies of the American De- 
 mocracy, Shelby, 1900. 
 
 BLOOMER, JAMES M. (1842-Sept. 22, 
 1923), journalist, was born in Zanesville, 
 Muskingum County, and attended the 
 schools of that community. He attended 
 business college in Cincinnati and also 
 learned the machinist's trade. He settled in 
 Toledo in 1873 and while serving as prin- 
 cipal of St. Mary's School studied law; he 
 was admitted to the bar in 1878. Around 
 1880 he and J. P. Coates took over the 
 Toledo News, which had been founded by 
 the Knights of Labor, and operated it as a 
 Democratic, pro-labor paper. It was later 
 merged with the Toledo Bee. He lived in 
 Los Angeles, Calif., 1913-19, but returned 
 to Toledo four years before his death. 
 The Co-operative Educator. A Key to the 
 Mines of Wealth Accessible to Honest 
 Producers . . . , [Toledo, 1888]. 
 D Mar's Affinity . . . , New York, [1903]. 
 
 BLOSS, GEORGE MANOR DAVIS (May 2, 
 1827-May 28. 1876), lawyer and journal- 
 ist, was born in Irisburg, Vt., but grew up 
 in Watertown. N. Y., where his father 
 moved in 1830, and in Oswego, N. Y. In 
 1850 he was admitted to the New York 
 bar, and in 1852 he moved to Cincinnati 
 to practice. In 1866 he moved to Branch 
 Hill. Clermont County, and commuted to 
 Cincinnati every day. He began writing for 
 the Enquirer and remained on the editorial 
 staff of that newspaper until his death in 
 a railway accident. 
 
 Life of George H. Pendleton, Cincinnati, 
 
 1868. 
 Historic and Literary Miscellany, Cincinnati, 
 
 1875. 
 
 BLOUGH, ELIZABETH R. D. See Elizabeth 
 D. Rosenberger. 
 
 BLUE, GUY. Pseud. See Rollin J. Britton. 
 
 BLUE, HERBERT TENNEY ORREN (Sept. 
 9, 1887- ), educator, was born in Ada, 
 Hardin County, but was reared in Kenton. 
 He graduated from Ohio Northern Univer- 
 sity in 1913 and Hiram College in 1918. 
 
Blymyer 
 
 64 
 
 He was a teacher and principal in Hardin 
 County schools for nine years and a 
 teacher in Canton, 1919-54. In summer he 
 served on the staff of the Kenton Times 
 and now writes historical feature stories for 
 that newspaper. He still lives in Canton. He 
 has written two county histories: History of 
 Stark County . . . , Chicago, 1928, and 
 Centennial History of Hardin County . . . , 
 [Canton, 1933]. 
 
 BLYMYER, WILLIAM H. (March 4, 1864- 
 April 15, 1939), lawyer, was born in Mans- 
 field, Richland County. He lived in Pelham 
 Manor, N. Y., but returned to Mansfield to 
 spend his summers. Besides legal works he 
 wrote Doctrine and Discipline; Or, the 
 Failure of the American Educational Sys- 
 tem, [Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1927]. 
 
 BOARDMAN, MABEL THORP (c.1861- 
 March 17, 1946), American Red Cross of- 
 ficial, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She was educated in private schools 
 of Cleveland and New York and in Europe. 
 In 1896 her family moved to Washington, 
 D. C. Her service with the Red Cross won 
 her many decorations and honors from for- 
 eign governments. Her death occurred in 
 Washington, D. C. Her writings include 
 Under the Red Cross Flag at Home and 
 Abroad, Philadelphia, 1915. WWW 2 
 
 BODLE, ALAN. Pseud. See Emory Norris. 
 
 BODLEY, RACHEL LITTLER (Dec. 7, 
 1831-June 15, 1888), educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She grad- 
 uated from Wesleyan College, Cincinnati, 
 in 1849 and taught there until 1860. In 
 1865 she was appointed professor of chem- 
 istry and toxicology at Women's Medical 
 College of Pennsylvania. She died in Phila- 
 delphia. Besides the title below, she pre- 
 pared a catalogue of Joseph Clark's herb- 
 arium which was published in Cincinnati 
 in 1865. 
 The College Story, Philadelphia, 1881. 
 
 BOGEN, BORIS D. (1869-June 30, 1929), 
 was born in Moscow, Russia, and came to 
 the United States in his early twenties. He 
 served as librarian at the Jewish Educa- 
 tional Alliance, New York City, and as 
 superintendent of an agricultural school in 
 Woodbine, N. J. He was named superin- 
 tendent of United Jewish Charities, Cincin- 
 nati, was a field agent of National Jewish 
 Social Service during World War I, and in 
 1925 became executive secretary of B'nai 
 B'rith with headquarters in Cincinnati. He 
 wrote Jewish Philanthropy, New York, 
 
 1917, and an autobiography, published 
 posthumously: Born a Jew, New York, 1930. 
 
 BOGGESS, ARTHUR CLINTON (March 2, 
 1874-Sept. 5, 1955), educator, was born in 
 Catlin, 111. From 1910 to 1915 he taught 
 history and economics at Lucknow Chris- 
 tian College, India, and afterward taught 
 at Baldwin-Wallace College, 1916-41. He 
 wrote a book describing his experiences in 
 India: First Days in India, Cincinnati, 
 [1912]. WW 20 
 
 BOHN, FRANK (Sept. 26, 1878- ), au- 
 thor and lecturer, was born in Cuyahoga 
 County. He graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1900 and the University of 
 Michigan (Ph.D.) in 1904. He has lectured 
 and written on the labor movement, eco- 
 nomic questions, and international rela- 
 tions. He collaborated with Richard T. 
 Ely in writing The Great Change; Work 
 and Wealth in the New Age, New York, 
 1935. WW 30 
 
 BOLLES, JAMES AARON (1810-Sept. 19, 
 1894), clergyman, was born in Norwich, 
 Conn. He graduated from Trinity College 
 in 1830 and General Seminary in 1833. 
 After serving as assistant rector or rector 
 of several churches, he was rector of Trin- 
 ity Church, Cleveland, 1853-59. After liv- 
 ing twelve years in Boston, he returned to 
 Cleveland in 1871 to spend the remainder 
 of his life. 
 
 The Episcopal Church Defended: With an 
 Examination into the Claims of Method- 
 ist Episcopacy . . . , Batavia, N. Y., 
 [1843]. 
 Holy Matrimony, New York, 1870. 
 Connecticut and Bishop Seabury . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1890. 
 
 BOLTON, AQUILA MASSEY (1773-May 
 13, 1857), was born in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 On July 22, 1806, he was received into the 
 Concord Meeting of Friends on a certificate 
 from the Philadelphia Meeting dated May 
 30, 1806. He established a school in Bel- 
 mont County and supplemented his income 
 by selling books. On Sept. 26, 1811, he was 
 disowned by the Short Creek Monthly 
 Meeting of Friends, to which he had trans- 
 ferred, for marrying contrary to discipline. 
 What little is known of his career does not 
 indicate that he was amenable to any dis- 
 cipline. All of his known writings were in 
 verse and, for the most part, on highly con- 
 troversial subjects. Sometime before 1827 
 he became affiliated with the Shakers. In 
 1832 in his reply to "sundry defamatory 
 letters written by A. M. Bolton," Richard 
 
65 
 
 Bolton, S. K. 
 
 McNemar (q.v.) referred to him as "late 
 a catechumen in the United Society, at 
 Union Village (Ohio)." By this time Bol- 
 ton had probably moved on to neighboring 
 Dayton, where in 1841 he was elected re- 
 corder of the city council. He was re- 
 elected in 1842. His death occurred in 
 Dayton. 
 
 The Independency of the Mind, Affirmed. 
 A Poem, in Two Parts. With Occasional 
 Notes, Wheeling, 1807. 
 The Art of Domestick Happiness, and 
 
 Other Poems, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1817. 
 The Whore of Babylon Unmasked; Or, a 
 Cure for Orthodoxy . . . , Philadelphia, 
 1827. 
 Present Prospects . . . , Dayton, 1841. 
 Some Lines in Verse about the Shakers. 
 Not Published by Authority of the So- 
 ciety So-called, New York, 1846. 
 
 BOLTON, CHARLES EDWARD (May 16, 
 1841-1901), was born in South Hadley 
 Falls, Mass., and graduated from Amherst 
 College in 1865. After marrying Sarah K. 
 Bolton (q.v.), he lived in Cleveland, where 
 he was active in a number of industries and 
 mercantile firms. He also patented several 
 inventions. He traveled frequently in Eu- 
 rope and lectured about his trips. 
 Notes from Letters of Charles E. Bolton 
 
 . . . , Cambridge, Mass., 1892. 
 A Model Village of Homes, and Other 
 
 Papers, Boston, 1901. 
 Travels in Europe and America, New York, 
 
 [1903]. 
 The Harris-Ingram Experiment, Cleveland, 
 
 1905. 
 
 BOLTON, CHARLES KNOWLES (Nov. 14, 
 1867-Nov. 19, 1950), antiquarian, son of 
 Sarah K. and Charles E. Bolton (qq.v.), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 After graduating from Harvard University 
 in 1890, he served on the staffs of the Har- 
 vard Library, 1890-93, Brookline, Mass., 
 Library, 1894-98, and the Boston Atha- 
 neum, 1898-1933. He died at Ayer, Mass. 
 In addition to the titles below, he wrote 
 numerous articles and compiled a bibliog- 
 raphy of heraldry and a family history. 
 The Gossiping Guide to Harvard and 
 
 Places of Interest in Cambridge . . . , 
 
 Cambridge. Mass., 1892. 
 Saskia, the Wife of Rembrandt, New York, 
 
 1893. 
 On the Wooing of Martha Pitkin; Being a 
 
 Versified Narrative of the Time of the 
 
 Regicides . . . , Boston, 1894. 
 The Love Story of Ursula Wolcott, Being 
 
 a Tale in Verse . . . , Boston, 1895. 
 
 Brookline; The History of a Favored Town, 
 Brookline, Mass., 1897. 
 
 The Private Soldier under Washington, 
 New York, 1902. 
 
 Scotch Irish Pioneers in Ulster and Amer- 
 ica, Boston, 1910. 
 
 The Elizabeth Whitman Mystery at the 
 Old Bell Tavern in Danvers . . . , Pea- 
 body, Mass., 1912. 
 
 The Founders; Portraits of Persons Born 
 Abroad Who Came to the Colonies in 
 North America before the Year 1 701 
 . . . , 3 vols., [Boston], 1919-26. 
 
 The Real Founders of New England . . . , 
 Boston, 1929. 
 
 Terra Nova: The Northeast Coast of North 
 America before 1602 . . . , Boston, 1935. 
 
 BOLTON, SARAH KNOWLES (Sept. 15, 
 1841-Feb. 21, 1916), was born in Farm- 
 ington, Conn. Precocious and gifted, she 
 was a publishing poet at fifteen. After grad- 
 uating from Hartford Female Seminary in 
 1860, she taught in Natchez, Miss., until 
 forced by the outbreak of war to return 
 north. In 1866 she married Charles E. 
 Bolton (q.v.) and afterward, except for 
 rather extensive traveling, lived in Cleve- 
 land. She served on the editorial staff of 
 the Congregationalist, 1878-81, and trav- 
 eled in Europe, studying women's education 
 and labor conditions, 1881-83. She was ac- 
 tive in the temperance movement and in 
 various humanitarian reforms, especially 
 those opposing cruelty to animals. She was 
 also a prolific writer, especially in the area 
 of biography. 
 
 Orlean Lamar, and Other Poems, New 
 
 York, 1864. 
 The Present Problem, New York, 1874. 
 Facts and Songs for the People. Prepared 
 
 Specially for Use in the Blaine and 
 
 Logan Campaign, Cleveland, 1884. 
 How Success Is Won, Boston, [1885]. 
 Lives of Poor Boys Who Became Famous, 
 
 New York, [1885]. 
 Lives of Girls Who Became Famous, New 
 
 York, [1886]. 
 Social Studies in England, Boston, [1886]. 
 Stories from Life, New York, [1886]. 
 Famous American Authors, New York, 
 
 [1887]. 
 From Heart and Nature, (with Charles K. 
 
 Bolton), New York, 1887. 
 Famous American Statesmen, New York, 
 
 [1888]. 
 Successful Women, Boston, [1888]. 
 Famous Men of Science, New York, [1889]. 
 Famous English Authors of the Nineteenth 
 
 Century, New York, [1890]. 
 Famous European Artists, New York, 
 
 [1890]. 
 
Bond, B. W. 
 
 66 
 
 Famous English Statesmen of Queen Vic- 
 toria's Reign, New York, [1891]. 
 
 Famous Types of Womanhood, New York, 
 [1892]. 
 
 Famous Voyagers and Explorers, New 
 York, [1893]. 
 
 Famous Leaders among Men, New York, 
 [1894]. 
 
 Famous Leaders among Women, New York, 
 [1895]. 
 
 The Inevitable, and Other Poems, New 
 York, [1895]. 
 
 Nuggets; Or, Secrets of Great Success, (with 
 F. T. Wallace), Cleveland, 1895. 
 
 Famous Givers and Their Gifts, New York, 
 [1896]. 
 
 The Story of Douglas, Cleveland, 1898. 
 
 Every-day Living, Boston, 1900. 
 
 Our Devoted Friend, the Dog, Boston. 1902. 
 
 Charles E. Bolton; A Memorial Sketch, 
 Cambridge, 1907. 
 
 Sarah K. Bolton; Pages from an Intimate 
 Autobiography, Edited by Her Son, Bos- 
 ton, 1923. 
 
 BOND, BEVERLEY WAUGH, JR. (July 31, 
 1878- ), educator, was born in Blacks- 
 burg, Va. He served in the history depart- 
 ment of the University of Cincinnati, 1920- 
 49, and has lived in Cincinnati since his 
 retirement. He was also associated with the 
 Historical and Philosophical Society (cura- 
 tor, 1939-42; president, 1942-45). He has 
 written several articles and books on his- 
 torical subjects, e.g.. The Quit-rent System 
 in the American Colonies, New Haven, 
 Conn., 1919. WW 26 
 
 BOND, LEWIS HAMILTON (July 28, 1838- 
 Aug. 11, 1912), lawyer, was born in Nel- 
 sonville, Athens County. He was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar in 1859 and, except for his 
 Civil War service, practiced in Cincinnati 
 until 1907. In 1862 he superintended re- 
 cruiting in Ohio, and in 1863 he was placed 
 in command of a battalion of the Third 
 Ohio Infantry and sent in pursuit of Mor- 
 gan. He received Morgan's surrender at 
 Salinesville, July 26, 1863. In 1866 he was 
 appointed U. S. district attorney in Cincin- 
 nati. Besides the titles below, he published 
 two volumes of legal reports. 
 One Year in Briartown, Cincinnati, 1879. 
 The Capture and Trial of a Confederate 
 
 Spy Sent to Ohio by Jefferson Davis . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1887. 
 
 BONE, JOHN HERBERT ALOYSIUS (Oct. 
 31, 1830-Sept. 17, 1906), journalist, was 
 born in Cornwall, England. He was a re- 
 porter in London and Liverpool before 
 coming to Cleveland in 1851. In 1857 he 
 
 joined the staff of the Cleveland Herald, 
 where he had been publishing articles since 
 his arrival in the city. When the Herald was 
 acquired by the Plain Dealer in 1885, 
 Bone became chief editorial writer and lit- 
 erary editor. His comments were often 
 signed "Spectacles." An authority on Eliza- 
 bethan literature and owner of one of the 
 largest libraries in Ohio, he was an intimate 
 friend of James Russell Lowell. He pub- 
 lished articles on literary and historical sub- 
 jects in leading magazines of the day. One 
 of his major exploits was publishing the 
 story of Matthew Brayton (q.v.). Highly 
 respected in journalistic circles, he contin- 
 ued to send his pieces to the Plain Dealer 
 even while on his deathbed. 
 Stories and Legends; With Other Poems, 
 
 Boston, 1852. 
 Petroleum and Petroleum Wells . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1865. 
 
 BONNER, DAVID FINDLEY (April 2, 
 1842-?), clergyman, was born in Green- 
 field, Highland County. He graduated from 
 Muskingum College in 1860 and from 
 Pittsburgh Theological Seminary in 1865. 
 As a Presbyterian minister, he served pas- 
 torates in various states. Besides articles 
 and pamphlets, he wrote Saving the World; 
 What It Involves and How It Is Being Ac- 
 complished, Middletown, N. Y., 1902. 
 WWW 3 
 
 BONSER, THOMAS ATHELSTAN (Sept. 
 21, 1860-Aug. 4, 1935), educator and mu- 
 seum curator, was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. After graduating from Ot- 
 terbein College in 1899, he taught in 
 Spokane, Wash.; in 1918 he became curator 
 of the Spokane Museum. The Ohio State 
 Academy of Science published his Ecolog- 
 ical Study of Big Spring Prairie, Wyandot 
 County, Ohio, Columbus, 1903. WWW 1 
 
 BONTE, GEORGE WILLARD (May 16, 
 
 1873-March 13, 1946), writer and artist, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He worked in various capacities in jour- 
 nalism and in the motion-picture industry; 
 he was art manager of Warner Brothers, 
 1923-31. In a single year he published 
 three books of nursery rhymes, e.g., The 
 Sandman Rhymes, New York, [1904]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 BOOKWALTER, JOHN W. (1837-Sept. 26, 
 1915), was born in Rob Roy, Ind. Studious 
 and possessed of a strong original mind, 
 he early grappled with such problems as 
 the steam or mist which arose from the 
 waters that fell over a dam near his father's 
 
67 
 
 Bosworth, E. I. 
 
 farm. About 1865 he went to Springfield, 
 Clark County, where he was employed by 
 James Leffel, the manufacturer of a fa- 
 mous water wheel. He became Leffel's 
 partner, married his daughter, and upon 
 Leffel's death succeeded to his business, 
 which had attained world-wide proportions. 
 Seeking to increase the sale of his prod- 
 uct in foreign lands, in 1870 he became a 
 globe-trotter. In 1881 he permitted himself 
 to become the Democratic nominee for 
 Governor of Ohio. Shocked by the demand 
 made on him by the State Executive Com- 
 mittee for $25,000, Bookwalter sent his 
 check for $5,000 and conducted his cam- 
 paign without the Committee. He was de- 
 feated by the incumbent, Charles Foster. 
 In 1898 he made a trip through Siberia and 
 Central Asia, often living with the peas- 
 ants. His superb, detailed account of this 
 journey, published the following year for 
 private circulation among his friends, has 
 been accepted as an outstanding source. His 
 death occurred in San Remo, Italy. 
 
 Canyon and Crater; Or, Scenes in Califor- 
 nia and the Sandwich Islands, Springfield, 
 1874. 
 
 Mill Dams, Springfield, 1874. 
 
 Home and International Trade . . . , New 
 York, 1886. 
 
 If Not Silver, What?, Springfield, 1896. 
 
 Siberia and Central Asia, Springfield, 1899. 
 
 Rural versus Urban; Their Conflict and 
 Its Causes . . . , New York, 1910. 
 
 BOOKWALTER, LEWIS (Sept. 18, 1846- 
 Nov. 30, 1935), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Hallsville, Ross County. After 
 graduating from Western College, Toledo, 
 Iowa, in 1872, he was licensed to preach by 
 the United Brethren Church. He taught at 
 several colleges and was a pastor in Day- 
 ton, 1886-94. He was president of Western 
 College, 1894-1904, and Otterbein College, 
 1904-09. After his retirement he lived in 
 Oberlin. 
 
 The Family; Or, the Home and the Train- 
 ing of Children, Dayton, 1894. 
 Repentance, Dayton, 1902. 
 
 BOOLE, ELLA ALEXANDER (July 26, 
 1858-March 13, 1952), temperance advo- 
 cate, was born in Van Wert, Van Wert 
 County. She graduated from the University 
 of Wooster in 1878. Active throughout her 
 life in Presbyterian missions work and tem- 
 perance causes, she was president of the 
 World W.C.T.U., 1931-47. She died in 
 New York City at the age of 93. Her writ- 
 ings include Give Prohibition Its Chance, 
 Evanston, 111., [1929]. WWW 3 
 
 BOONE, RICHARD GAUSE (Sept. 9, 1849- 
 April 8, 1923), educator, born in Spiceland, 
 Ind., earned a Ph.D. at Ohio University in 
 1889 and was superintendent of Cincinnati 
 schools, 1899-1903. He published several 
 books on education, e.g., A History of Edu- 
 cation in Indiana, New York, 1892. 
 
 BOOTH, EMMA SCARR (April 25, 1835- 
 July 9, 1927), was born in Hull, England. 
 When she was nine years old, her parents 
 brought her to a farm outside Cleveland. 
 She married a mill-owner of Twinsburg, and 
 after his mill burned in 1865 she moved to 
 Painesville and did needlework to support 
 herself. Her husband deserted her to go to 
 the Titusville oil fields, and she moved to 
 Cleveland, where she lived with her mother 
 and made her living by giving music les- 
 sons. She wrote songs and composed in- 
 strumental music. The first book below, a 
 humorous account of an eccentric spinster, 
 was published under the pseudonym Miss 
 Karan Kringle of Klodsville, Ohio. 
 Karan Kringle's Journal . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1885. 
 A Wilful Heiress, Buffalo, 1892. 
 The Family of Three, Iesuina, and Other 
 Poems, Buffalo, 1893. 
 
 BOOTH, EMMONS RUTLEDGE (March 4, 
 1851-Jan. 5, 1934), osteopath, born in 
 Franklin County, Ind., attended National 
 Normal University, Lebanon, 1871-74, and 
 afterward taught school in Missouri and 
 Cincinnati. He graduated from the Univer- 
 sity of Wooster in 1896 and the American 
 School of Osteopathy, Kirksville, Mo., in 
 1900. He afterward practiced osteopathy in 
 Cincinnati. He published History of Os- 
 teopathy . . . , Cincinnati, [1905]. WWO 
 
 BOSTWICK, HELEN LOUISA. See Helen 
 L. B. Bird. 
 
 BOSWORTH, EDWARD INCREASE (Jan. 
 10, 1861-July 1, 1927), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Dundee, 111. He at- 
 tended Oberlin College, 1879-81, and grad- 
 uated from Yale University in 1883. After 
 graduating from Oberlin Theological Sem- 
 inary in 1886, he was ordained a Congrega- 
 tional minister, served for one year in Mt. 
 Vernon, and in 1887 joined the Oberlin 
 Seminary faculty. He was associated with 
 the college and seminary as professor, 
 dean, and acting president until his death. 
 His scholarship, teaching, and administra- 
 tive ability did much to strengthen the pro- 
 gram of the college and the seminary. 
 Studies in the Acts and Epistles . . . , New 
 York, 1898. 
 
Bosworth, F. H. 
 
 68 
 
 Studies in the Teaching of Jesus & His 
 
 Apostles, New York, 1901. 
 Studies in the Life of Jesus Christ, New 
 
 York, 1904. 
 The Present Crisis in the Kingdom of God 
 
 . . . , New York, [1907]. 
 New Studies in Acts ... , New York, 1908. 
 Working Together . . . , (with Reno Hutch- 
 inson), New York, 1908. 
 The Modern Interpretation of the Call to 
 
 the Ministry, New York, 1909. 
 The Story of Paul's Life . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1909. 
 The Weak Church and the Strong Man 
 
 . . . , New York, 1909. 
 Christ in Everyday Life . . . , New York, 
 
 1910. 
 Can Prayer Accomplish Anything apart 
 
 from the Man Who Prays?, New York, 
 
 [1916]. 
 Thirty Studies about Jesus, New York, 
 
 1917. 
 The Master's Way . . . , (with John L. 
 
 Lobingier), New York, 1918. 
 What It Means to Be a Christian . . . , 
 
 Boston, [1922]. 
 The Life and Teaching of Jesus . . . , New 
 
 York, 1924. 
 The Christian Religion and Human Prog- 
 ress . . . , (Ernest Pye, ed.), New York, 
 
 [1948]. 
 
 BOSWORTH, FRANCKE HUNTINGTON 
 
 (Jan. 25, 1843-Oct. 17, 1925), physician, 
 was born in Marietta, Washington County. 
 He attended local schools and Marietta 
 College and graduated from Yale Univer- 
 sity in 1862. During the Civil War he 
 served with West Virginia troops, and after- 
 ward he settled in New York City, where 
 he became one of the world's outstanding 
 laryngologists. He published three text- 
 books on the diseases of the nose and 
 throat. Art was his hobby, and he was 
 widely known in literary circles. 
 Taking Cold, Detroit, 1891. 
 The Doctor in Old New York, New York, 
 1898. 
 
 BOTELER, MATTIE M. (Aug. 28, 1859- 
 Aug. 28, 1929), was born in Jamestown, 
 Greene County. After completing her edu- 
 cation in Greene County schools, she spent 
 the remainder of her life in Cincinnati. She 
 was on the editorial staff of the Standard 
 Publishing Company for 37 years and for 
 sixteen years edited the magazine Lookout. 
 Active in the Christian Church, she com- 
 piled a book of religious songs and pub- 
 lished sermon outlines and Sunday school 
 lessons in addition to the titles below. 
 
 Shut-in; A Story of the Cross . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, [1895]. 
 
 The Conversion of Brian O'Dillon, Cincin- 
 nati, [1896]. 
 
 Side Windows; Or, Lights on Scripture 
 Truths, Cincinnati, 1901. 
 
 The Evolution of Juliet, Cincinnati, [1903]. 
 
 Joe Binder's Wild Westing, Cincinnati, 
 [1903]. 
 
 Like As We Are, Cincinnati, [1903]. 
 
 BOTKIN, CHARLES WILLOUGHBY (Jan. 
 26, 1859-Nov. 15, 1927), journalist, was 
 born in Circleville, Pickaway County. 
 Much of his life was spent in Gothenburg, 
 Neb., where he published a newspaper, the 
 Independent. He published a book of poems 
 and prose paragraphs from the newspaper: 
 The Sense and Nonsense of One Man, and 
 a book of verse: My Ohio, Gothenburg, 
 Neb., 1925. 
 
 BOUGHTON, WILLIS (April 17, 1854-June 
 16, 1942), educator, born in Victor, N. Y., 
 came to Cincinnati in 1889 as an instructor 
 in the technical school. He next taught 
 at Ohio University, 1889-91; 1892-99. 
 From 1900 until his retirement in 1924, he 
 taught English at Erasmus Hall High 
 School, Brooklyn, N. Y. He wrote words 
 for several songs, edited literature text- 
 books, and published Mythology in Art, 
 Chicago, 1891. 
 
 BOURJAILY, BARBARA WEBB. See Bar- 
 bara Webb. 
 
 BOURJAILY, VANCE NYE (Sept. 17, 1922- 
 ), born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 spent his early boyhood years in Ohio and 
 later lived in Pennsylvania and Virginia. 
 He graduated from Bowdoin College and 
 served in World War II. He was writer- 
 in-residence at the University of Iowa, 1956- 
 59. Since the publication of his novel The 
 Violated in 1958, he has been widely re- 
 garded as one of the most promising of 
 America's younger writers. His first novel 
 was The End of My Life, New York, 1947. 
 
 BOURNE, ALEXANDER (1786-Aug. 5, 
 1849), born in Wareham, Mass., was 
 trained as a civil engineer, and came to Ohio 
 in 1810. In 1813 he was drafted into the 
 Ohio militia, was soon appointed adjutant 
 to Colonel Mills Stephenson, and appears 
 to have served with some distinction in the 
 War of 1812. Upon receiving his discharge 
 he returned to the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Chillicothe. He will be remembered 
 longest for the superb map of Ohio which 
 he prepared in collaboration with B. Hough 
 
69 
 
 Boyd, T. A. 
 
 and which was published in Philadelphia in 
 1814. Between 1825 and 1840 he rendered 
 valuable services to the Canal Commission. 
 An observant scientist he contributed a 
 number of valuable articles to Silliman"s 
 American Journal of Science. He retired 
 sometime after 1845 and returned to Massa- 
 chusetts. He died at Wareham. 
 The Surveyor's Pocket-book . . . , Chilli- 
 cothe, 1834. 
 
 BOUTON, EMILY ST. JOHN (Feb. 13, 
 1837-Feb. 8, 1927), educator and journal- 
 ist, was born in New Canaan, Conn. Her 
 parents came to Sandusky when she was a 
 child, and she attended the schools of that 
 community. She later taught in high schools 
 at Milan, Tiffin, Toledo, and Chicago. From 
 1879 to 1907 she was literary and house- 
 hold editor of the Toledo Blade. After 
 1907 she devoted herself to writing and 
 lecturing. She published etiquette and hy- 
 giene books in addition to the titles below. 
 Pretty Is As Pretty Does . . . , Toledo, 1888. 
 Life's Gateways: Or, How to Win Real 
 
 Success, Boston, 1896. 
 The Life Joyful, 1910. 
 
 BOUTON, JOHN BELL (March 15, 1830- 
 Nov. 18, 1902), born in Concord, N. H., 
 was editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, 
 1851-57. He left Cleveland for New York 
 City, where he was a journalist until 1889, 
 when he moved to Cambridge, Mass. He 
 wrote several books, including a novel pub- 
 lished anonymously: Round the Block . . . , 
 New York, 1864. 
 
 BOW, FRANK TOWNSEND (Feb. 20, 
 1901- ), lawyer and congressman, was 
 born in Canton, Stark County. He was ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar in 1923 and has 
 since practiced in Canton. He was elected 
 to the House of Representatives in the 
 82nd-85th Congresses. He has written In- 
 dependent Labor Organizations and the Na- 
 tional Labor Relations Act, New York, 
 1940. WW 30 
 
 BOWEN, DANA THOMAS (March 6, 1896- 
 ), born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 attended Cleveland schools. He was at one 
 time a sailor on the Great Lakes, and 
 has collected historical material relative to 
 Lakes shipping and has published three 
 books on this subject, e.g., Lore of the 
 Lakes . . . , Daytona Beach, Fla., 1940. 
 
 BOWERSOX, CHARLES A. (Oct. 16, 1846- 
 Jan. 4, 1921), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in St. Joseph's Township, Williams County. 
 After teaching several terms in district 
 
 schools, he entered Otterbein College, 
 where he graduated in 1874. He was super- 
 intendent of Edgerton schools, read law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1879. He 
 practiced until 1917, when he was elected 
 judge of common pleas court. He wrote A 
 Standard History of Williams County . . . , 
 2 vols., Chicago, 1920. 
 
 BOWMAN, JAMES CLOYD (Jan. 18, 1880- 
 Sept. 28, 1961), educator, was born in 
 Leipsic, Putnam County. After graduating 
 from Ohio Northern University in 1905, he 
 taught English in several Midwestern col- 
 leges and later lived in Chapel Hill, N. C, 
 where he wrote a number of books for boys, 
 e.g., Mystery Mountain, Chicago, 1940. 
 WW 28 
 
 BOYD, ELLEN B. (July 8, 1855-Oct. 16, 
 1922), was born in Marietta, Washington 
 County. She wrote under the name Nellie 
 Boyd. She died in Marietta. 
 Vagabond Rhxmes by an Idler, Boston, 
 
 1892. 
 A Passing Voice, Boston, 1907. 
 
 BOYD, LOUISE ESTHER VICKROY (Jan. 
 22, 1827-July 25, 1909), was born in Ur- 
 bana, Champaign County. When she was 
 four years old, her family moved to Johns- 
 town, Pa. In 1865 she married Dr. Samuel 
 S. Boyd: they lived in Dublin, Ind., but she 
 returned to Ohio some years before her 
 death, which occurred in Ada. From the 
 middle of the nineteenth century until her 
 death, she contributed to the New York 
 Tribune, the Cincinnati Gazette, Century 
 magazine, and other popular periodicals. 
 Twilight Stories for Little People, Philadel- 
 phia, 1869. 
 Poems, (Esther Griffin White, ed.), Rich- 
 mond, Ind., 1911. 
 
 BOYD, ROBERT (April 5, 1792-July 1, 
 1880), clergyman, was born in Westmore- 
 land County, Pa. A Methodist minister, he 
 came to Steubenville in 1832 and about 
 1868 went to Barnesville, where he spent 
 the remainder of his life. 
 Personal Memoirs: Together with a Discus- 
 sion upon the Hardships and Sufferings of 
 Itinerant Life . . . , Cincinnati, 1867. 
 
 BOYD, THOMAS ALEXANDER (July 3, 
 1898-Jan. 27, 1935), was born in Defiance, 
 Defiance County. His father having died 
 shortly before his birth, his mother became 
 a nurse to support the family. He was sent 
 to Woodward High School, Cincinnati, and 
 Elgin Academy in Illinois. In May, 1917, 
 he enlisted in the U. S. Marine Corps; he 
 
Boyesen 
 
 70 
 
 served in France, received the croix de 
 guerre, and was discharged in 1919. After 
 working on the St. Paul, Minn., News for 
 a time, he opened a bookstore in St. Paul, 
 which became a meeting place for writers 
 of the area, including F. Scott Fitzgerald 
 and Sinclair Lewis. At their urging he set 
 down his war experiences in Through the 
 Wheat, New York, 1923. It was widely 
 praised as one of the first realistic novels of 
 World War I. Interested from boyhood in 
 frontier history, he also wrote a number of 
 historical and biographical books, e.g., Simon 
 Girty the White Savage, New York, 1928. 
 He settled in Vermont in 1929. Attracted 
 to the political left during the Depression 
 of the early 1930s, he ran for governor of 
 Vermont on the Communist Party slate in 
 1934. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at 
 the age of 37. DAB 21 
 
 BOYESEN, HJALMAR HJORTH (Sept. 23, 
 1848-Oct. 4, 1895), born in Frederiksvarn, 
 Norway, came to America in 1869. After 
 a brief period in Chicago he came to Urbana, 
 where from 1870 to 1873 he headed the 
 department of Latin and Greek. Homesick 
 for his native Norway, he wrote Gunnar; 
 A Tale of Norse Life, Boston, 1874. The 
 success of the book, first serialized by 
 Howells in the Atlantic, encouraged Boye- 
 sen to remain in America. 
 
 BOYLAN, MARGUERITE THERESA (July 
 9, 1887- ), social worker, was born in 
 Columbus, Franklin County. She graduated 
 from Ohio State University in 1909 and 
 Fordham University (Ph.D.) in 1939. She 
 has been active in Catholic charities and 
 social work organizations. Her writings in- 
 clude magazine articles and an account of 
 the National Catholic War Council after 
 World War I: They Shall Live Again . . . , 
 New York, 1945. CWW 11 
 
 BOYLAND, GEORGE HALSTEAD (Jan. 19, 
 1845-Jan. 16, 1919), physician, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from Andover Academy in 1862, 
 he attended Yale University but did not 
 graduate. He served with the surgical 
 corps of the French army during the 
 Franco-Prussian War. He graduated in 
 medicine from University of Leipzig in 
 1874. His experiences with the French army 
 are the subject of his only book. 
 Six Months under the Red Cross with the 
 French Army, Cincinnati, 1875. 
 
 BOYLE, JAMES (Nov. 28, 1853-June 11, 
 1939), journalist, was born in Essex, Eng- 
 land. He came to America in 1870 and was 
 
 on the staff of the Cincinnati Commercial 
 Gazette, 1871-91. He was private secretary 
 to Governor William McKinley, 1892-96, 
 and American consul at Liverpool, England, 
 1897-1905. Some of his writings were pub- 
 lished first in the Cincinnati Enquirer. His 
 last years were spent in Columbus. 
 Life of William McKinley . . . , (with Robert 
 
 P. Porter), Cleveland, 1897. 
 The Initiative and Referendum: Its Folly, 
 
 Fallacies, and Failures, Columbus, 
 
 [1912]. 
 What Is Socialism? An Exposition and a 
 
 Criticism . . . , New York, 1912. 
 
 BOYNTON, CHARLES BRANDON (June 
 12, 1806-April 27, 1883), clergyman, was 
 born in West Stockbridge, Mass. After a 
 career in business and law, he was ordained 
 a Presbyterian minister in 1840. He served 
 as pastor of the Sixth Presbyterian Church, 
 Cincinnati, 1846-56. He became a vigorous 
 opponent of slavery and was a member of 
 a party sent to Kansas in 1854 to discover 
 its possibilities for settlement by Northern- 
 ers. Several of his sermons and public ora- 
 tions were published. He served twice again 
 (1857-65 and 1873-77) in the pulpit of the 
 Sixth Presbyterian (later Vine Street) 
 Church and died in Cincinnati at the home 
 of a daughter. 
 A Journey through Kansas . . . , (with T. B. 
 
 Mason), Cincinnati, 1855. 
 The Russian Empire . . . , Cincinnati, 1856. 
 English and French Neutrality and the 
 Anglo-French Alliance in Their Relations 
 to the United States & Russia . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1864. 
 The History of the Navy during the Rebel- 
 lion, 2 vols., New York, 1867-68. 
 
 BOYNTON, HENRY VAN NESS (July 22, 
 1835-1905), journalist, was born in West 
 Stockbridge, Mass., the son of Charles B. 
 Boynton (q.v.). He came to Ohio in 1846, 
 when his father became minister of the 
 Sixth Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati. He 
 graduated from Woodward High School in 
 1855 and afterward attended military school 
 in Kentucky. In 1861 he was commissioned 
 major in the 35th O.V.I. ; he commanded 
 the regiment during the Chickamauga and 
 Missionary Ridge battles, after which he 
 was breveted brigadier general. After the 
 war he became Washington correspondent 
 of the Cincinnati Gazette. He engaged in 
 some of the postwar controversies that de- 
 veloped as generals began to publish their 
 memoirs. He aroused considerable excite- 
 ment by his criticism of Sherman's Mem- 
 oirs. Some of his orations and addresses 
 were published separately as pamphlets. 
 
71 
 
 Bradley, G. D. 
 
 Sherman's Historical Raid. The Memoirs 
 in the Light of the Record . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1875. 
 
 The National Military Park, Chickamauga- 
 Chattanooga . . . , Cincinnati, 1 895. 
 
 Was General Thomas Slow at Nashville? 
 . . . , New York, 1896. 
 
 Errors in School Histories Compared with 
 the Official Record, Washington, D. C, 
 1903. 
 
 BRACKETT, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (Oct. 
 1, 1818-March 15, 1908), sculptor, was 
 born in Vassalboro, Maine. From 1835 to 
 1841 he lived in Cincinnati, where he 
 worked for a printer and began the study 
 of sculpture. He was best known for his 
 portrait busts of notable men. He also 
 wrote considerable verse and several books 
 on spiritualism, e.g., Materialized Appari- 
 tions . . . , Boston, 1886. 
 
 BRACKETT, LEIGH. See Edmond M. Ham- 
 ilton. 
 
 BRADBURY, HARRIET BOWKER (Dec. 
 23, 1863-April 7, 1945), reformer, born in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., lectured widely on women's 
 rights and other subjects. She settled in 
 Ohio around 1912. 
 The New Philosophy of Health, Boston, 
 
 1897. 
 The Light That Is in Thee . . . , New York, 
 
 1899. 
 Voices of Earth and Heaven, New York, 
 
 1899. 
 The Gospel of Beauty, London, 1900. 
 Civilization and Womanhood, Boston, 
 
 [1916]. 
 
 BRADEN, ALTA TAYLOR. See Alta Taylor. 
 
 BRADEN, CLARK (Aug. 8, 1831-1915), 
 clergyman, was born in Gustavus, Trumbull 
 County. He taught in district schools, at- 
 tended Farmers' College, and served in the 
 Civil War with the 127th Illinois Volunteer 
 Infantry. As a minister of the Disciples of 
 Christ Church, he served 35 different 
 churches, most of them in Ohio and Illinois. 
 He frequently debated against members of 
 other denominations, and some of these de- 
 bates were also published. 
 The Problem of Problems . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1877. 
 
 BRADEN, JAMES ANDREW (July 10, 1872- 
 June 28, 1955), a prolific writer of juvenile 
 books, was born in Greensburg, Summit 
 County. He attended Warren public 
 schools. When he was seventeen, he started 
 as a reporter on the Canton Repository; he 
 
 spent three years there and eight years on 
 Akron newspapers before entering industry 
 and public relations work. He published a 
 number of books, including the Auto Boys 
 series, between 1902 and 1913. He resumed 
 his writing in the late 1920s. In 1936 he 
 moved to Michigan, but he returned to 
 Ohio in 1940 to marry Alta Taylor (q.v.). 
 They lived near West Richfield. He died in 
 Grosse Pointe, Mich., while visiting a 
 daughter. Under the pen name Hugh Mc- 
 Allister, he published Steve Holworth of 
 the Oldham Works, New York, 1930. WWW 
 3 
 
 BRADFORD, GEORGE WINTHROP (July 
 4, 1895-Feb. 16, 1960), educator, was born 
 in Clyde, Sandusky County. After graduat- 
 ing from the College of Wooster in 1921, he 
 studied at Western Reserve University, 
 taught at Case Institute of Technology, 
 1923-26, and did graduate work at the 
 University of Wisconsin, 1926-28. He was 
 a member of the Wooster Engli h faculty 
 from 1928 until his death. He published a 
 collection of poems, Wayside Lyrics, Bos- 
 ton, 1921. DAS 1 
 
 BRADFORD, GERTRUDE YERGIN (Oct. 
 1, 1881-Feb. 19, 1930), was born in Fre- 
 mont, Mich., but spent the greater part of 
 her life in Youngstown. She moved to Los 
 Angeles in 1924 but returned to Youngs- 
 town two months before her death. She 
 lectured on psychology and New Thought, 
 wrote numerous magazine articles, and pub- 
 lished two books, e.g., The Subconscious 
 Mind, How to Reach and Arouse, Holyoke, 
 Mass., 1924. 
 
 BRADFORD, WARD (1809-?), was born 
 in Portage County. He later lived in In- 
 diana, Illinois, and Iowa. In 1849, after 
 operating a Mormon hotel in Iowa, he went 
 to California. In 1852 he moved to Oregon, 
 and ten years later he settled in Nevada. 
 He seems to have visited or lived in a dozen 
 or more mining towns in the West. 
 Biographical Sketches of the Life of Major 
 
 Ward Bradford . . . , [Fresno?, Calif., 
 
 1891?]. 
 
 BRADLEY, GLENN DANFORD (April 12, 
 1884-Jan. 4, 1930), educator, was born in 
 Kinderhook, Mich. He graduated from the 
 University of Michigan (A.B., 1907; Ph.D., 
 1915). From 1916 until his death he was a 
 member of the University of Toledo history 
 faculty. His writings, which deal chiefly 
 with the Southwest, include The Story of 
 the Pony Express . . . , Chicago, 1913. 
 WWW 1 
 
Bradley, R. K. 
 
 72 
 
 BRADLEY, RAMONA KAISER. See Ramona 
 Kaiser. 
 
 BRADSHAW, MARION JOHN (Dec. 14, 
 1886- ), clergyman, was born in Salem, 
 Columbiana County. He graduated from 
 Hiram College in 1911 and was ordained 
 to the ministry in the Disciples of Christ 
 Church the following year. He served sev- 
 eral churches and was for brief periods on 
 the faculties of Union Theological Semi- 
 nary, Hiram College, and Grinnell College. 
 He joined the faculty of Bangor Theological 
 Seminary in 1925, became a Universalist, 
 and preached at several churches in Maine. 
 He has published books on Maine and on 
 religious themes, e.g., Philosophical Founda- 
 tions of Faith . . . , New York, 1941. WW 30 
 
 BRADY, CYRUS TOWNSEND (Dec. 20, 
 1861-Jan. 24, 1920), clergyman, was born 
 in Allegheny, Pa. He was an Episcopal rector 
 in Toledo, 1905-09. He was a prolific writer 
 of adventure novels, historical works, biogra- 
 phies, sermons, and juvenile books. Books 
 published during his Toledo years include 
 The Patriots; The Storv of Lee and the Last 
 Hope, New York, 1906. DAB 2 
 
 BRAGDON, CLAUDE FAYETTE (Aug. 1, 
 1866-Sept. 17, 1946), artist and author, 
 was born in Oberlin, Lorain County. As an 
 architect in Rochester, N. Y., he designed 
 several important buildings. He also was 
 art director for a number of Walter Hamp- 
 den's plays. He lectured often on theosophy 
 and architecture. At the time of his death, 
 he was living in New York City. 
 The Golden Person in the Heart, Gouver- 
 
 neur, N. Y., 1898. 
 A Brief Life of Annie Besant . . . , Roches- 
 ter, N. Y., 1909. 
 The Beautiful Necessity . . . , Rochester, 
 
 N. Y., 1910. 
 Episodes from an Unwritten History, Ro- 
 chester, N. Y., 1910. 
 The Small Old Path, Rochester, N. Y., 
 
 1911. 
 A Primer of Higher Space (The Fourth 
 
 Dimension), Rochester, N. Y., 1913. 
 Projective Ornament, Rochester, N. Y., 
 
 1915. 
 Four-Dimensional Vistas, New York, 1916. 
 Old Lamps for New; The Ancient Wisdom 
 in the Modern World, New York, 1925. 
 The New Image, New York, 1928. 
 Merely Players, New York, 1929. 
 The Eternal Poles, New York, 1931. 
 The Frozen Fountain, New York, 1932. 
 An Introduction to Yoga, New York, 1933. 
 More Lives Than One, New York, 1938. 
 
 The Secret Springs; An Autobiography, 
 
 London, [1938]. 
 The Arch Lectures, New York, [1942]. 
 Yoga for You, New York, 1943. 
 
 BRAIN, BELLE MARVEL (Aug. 4, 1859- 
 May 25, 1933), educator, was born in 
 Springfield, Clark County. After graduat- 
 ing from Springfield High School, she 
 served as supervisor of drawing in the 
 Springfield public schools, 1878-95. She 
 was prominent in various educational and 
 religious societies. She later lived in 
 Schenectady, N. Y. 
 
 Fuel for Missionary Fires, Boston, 1894. 
 
 The Morning Watch, [n.p.], 1897. 
 
 Weapons for Temperance Warfare . . . , 
 Boston, [1897]. 
 
 Quaint Thoughts of an Old-time Army 
 Chaplain, [n.p.], 1898. 
 
 The Transformation of Hawaii; How 
 American Missionaries Gave a Christian 
 Nation to the World; Told for Young 
 Folks, New York, [1898]. 
 
 Holding the Ropes; Missionary Methods 
 for Workers at Home, New York, 1904. 
 
 The Redemption of the Red Man; An Ac- 
 count of Presbyterian Missions to the 
 North American Indians of the Present 
 Day, New York, 1904. 
 
 All about Japan; Stories of Sunrise Land 
 Told for Little Folks, New York, [1905]. 
 
 Adventures with Four Footed Folk . . . , 
 New York, 1908. 
 
 Love Stories of Great Missionaries, New 
 York, 1913. 
 
 From Every Tribe and Nation . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1927. 
 
 BRAINE, ROBERT D. (May 20, 1861-July 
 
 24, 1943), musician, was born in Spring- 
 field, Clark County. He operated a music 
 conservatory in Springfield, contributed ar- 
 ticles on music to various magazines, and 
 for 25 years was violin editor of Etude. His 
 death occurred in Springfield. 
 Messages from Mars by the Aid of the 
 Telescope Plant, New York, 1892. 
 
 BRAINERD, THOMAS (June 17, 1804-Aug. 
 21, 1866), Presbyterian minister, was born 
 in Leyden, N. Y. He was in Cincinnati 
 from 1831 to 1837, first as minister of the 
 Fourth Church and then as Lyman Beecher's 
 associate in Second Church. He remained 
 loyal to Beecher during the latter's heresy 
 trial. Many of his sermons were published, 
 but he is remembered chiefly for his biog- 
 raphy of John Brainerd, missionary to the 
 Indians: The Life of John Brainerd . . . , 
 Philadelphia. [1865]. 
 
73 
 
 Bray 
 
 BRANCH, EDWARD PAYSON (May 26, 
 1844-Dec, 1937), was born in Ohio, prob- 
 ably in Lake County. He attended Madison 
 Seminary and engaged in the lumber busi- 
 ness until 1906, when he retired. He after- 
 ward lived in Portland, Oreg., and Mel- 
 bourne, Fla. He died in Florida. 
 Plain People; A Story of the Western Re- 
 serve, New York, 1892. 
 
 BRAND, JAMES (Feb. 26, 1834-April 11, 
 
 1899), clergyman, was born in Three 
 
 Rivers, Quebec, Canada. After entering Yale 
 
 University in 1861, he withdrew to serve 
 
 throughout the Civil War with Connecticut 
 
 troops. He graduated from Yale in 1866 
 
 and Andover Theological Seminary in 1869. 
 
 After four years at Danvers, Mass., he was 
 
 called to First Congregational Church, 
 
 Oberlin. Here he preached until his death. 
 
 He was an active advocate of temperance. 
 
 An address outlining the history of First 
 
 Church was published in 1877. 
 
 James Brand, Twenty-Six Years of the First 
 
 Congregational Church, Oberlin; Some 
 
 Chapters from His Life . . . Written by 
 
 Himself for His Family, Shortly before 
 
 His Death, Oberlin, 1899. 
 
 BRANDT, HERBERT W. (1882-March 8, 
 1955), born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 was a 1907 graduate of Case Institute 
 of Technology, where he starred in foot- 
 ball; he operated a hotel and restaurant 
 supply company in Cleveland. His hobby 
 of ornithology took him on 42 expeditions 
 and led to his writing three books on bird 
 life, e.g., Texas Bird Adventures . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1940. 
 
 BRANDT, JOHN LINCOLN (Oct. 26, 1860- 
 March 27, 1946), clergyman, was born in 
 Somerset, Perry County. A minister in the 
 Christian Church, he served as pastor in 
 Ohio, Colorado, Indiana, Missouri, Okla- 
 homa, Australia, and California. He trav- 
 eled widely and wrote numerous articles for 
 religious journals. He died in Los Angeles. 
 The Lord's Supper, Cincinnati, 1888. 
 Turning Points; Or, Great Questions for 
 
 Young Men and Women, Cincinnati, 
 
 1890. 
 Christian Science Examined and Exposed 
 
 . . . , Denver, 1891. 
 Marriage and the Home, Chicago, 1892. 
 The False and the True, [n.p.], 1893. 
 America or Rome, Christ or the Pope, 
 
 Toledo, 1895. 
 Anglo-Saxon Supremacy . . . , Boston, 
 
 [1915]. 
 Finding Christ, New York, 1930. 
 
 The Origin of Churches, Melbourne, Aus- 
 tralia, [n.d.]. 
 
 What about the Modern Dance?, Cincin- 
 nati, [n.d.]. 
 
 Why Am I a Christian? [n.p., n.d.]. 
 
 BRANHAM, CHARLES ALLEN (Jan. 18, 
 1904- ), poet, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He has written greeting 
 card verses and advertising copy, was an 
 advertising manager for several Cincinnati 
 firms, and is now an advertising executive 
 in Rochester, N. Y. He has published poems 
 in various newspapers; his first collection 
 was Life's Journey, Indianapolis, 1929. 
 
 BRANNAN, WILLIAM PENN (March 22, 
 1825-Aug. 9, 1866), self-educated poet and 
 painter, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County, and was reared on a farm near the 
 city. He operated a portrait studio in Cin- 
 cinnati and for a time in Chicago and 
 Louisville, Ky. His poems and humorous 
 prose sketches, most of them published 
 under the pen name VanDyke Brown, ap- 
 peared in leading periodicals. His burlesque 
 sermon "The Harp of a Thousand Strings" 
 was widely popular with amateur and pro- 
 fessional elocutionists. He died in Cincin- 
 nati. 
 The Hardshell Baptist Strikes He, New 
 
 York, 1865. 
 Vagaries of VanDyke Brown; An Auto- 
 biography in Verse, Cincinnati, 1865. 
 
 BRAUN, OSCAR C. (April 22, 1859-April 
 26, 1945), educator, was born in Germany, 
 but came to the United States when he was 
 seventeen and lived in Cincinnati until his 
 death at the age of 86. Until his retirement 
 in 1941, he taught German and served as 
 registrar at Ohio Mechanics Institute. He 
 was active in the German Literary Society 
 of Cincinnati and dedicated to its members 
 a book of poems: Wir Deutsch-Amerikaner, 
 Cincinnati, 1911. 
 
 BRAVERMAN, LIBBIE LEVIN (Mrs. Sig- 
 mund) (Dec. 20, 1900- ), was born in 
 Boston, Mass., and has lived in Cleveland 
 since about 1924. She has taught in the 
 Cleveland public schools and has served as 
 educational director of Euclid Avenue 
 Temple. She has written articles on Jewish 
 education and with Nathan Brilliant has 
 produced several pageants for use in Jewish 
 schools. She has also written a book about 
 Palestine: Children of the Emek, New York, 
 [1937]. 
 
 BRAY, FRANK CHAPIN (May 7, 1866- 
 March 24, 1949), journalist, was born in 
 Salineville, Columbiana County. After 
 
Brayton 
 
 74 
 
 graduating from Wesleyan University, 
 Conn., in 1890, he served on the editorial 
 staff of Literary Digest and other periodi- 
 cals. His books include Headlines in Ameri- 
 can History, [New York, 1937]. WWW 2 
 
 BRAYTON, MATTHEW (April 7, 1818- 
 1862), was born in Sandusky County. In 
 1821 he was taken by his family to Tymoch- 
 tee Township, Wyandot County, where on 
 Sept. 20, 1825, the little boy was snatched 
 up by a party of Canadian Indians and 
 carried off into captivity. Either the fear 
 of being discovered with a white captive in 
 their possession or their love for whisky 
 caused one tribe after another to trade 
 their captive. With his origin completely 
 forgotten, he finally wound up with the 
 Copperheads and married into that tribe 
 in 1851. He was positively identified as a 
 white man in 1859 and, informed that he 
 had been captured in Ohio, he set out for 
 that state in an effort to find a trace of his 
 family. In Cleveland he was introduced to 
 J. H. A. Bone (q.v.), who wrote and pub- 
 lished Brayton's story in the Cleveland 
 Herald. The narrative aroused wide interest, 
 with the result that on Nov. 18, 1859, he 
 was identified by the presence of two scars 
 incident to childhood mishaps as the miss- 
 ing Matthew Brayton. The following year 
 the narrative of the captivity was published 
 in book form. This important "captivity" 
 has been the subject of no little controversy. 
 It has been charged that it would not have 
 been possible for Brayton to have made 
 some of the movements described among 
 the tribes named. These critics have over- 
 looked the fact that Brayton was taken 
 captive at the age of seven, had lived with 
 the Indians for 34 years, could not read or 
 write, and spoke English with great diffi- 
 culty. Though Bone sought to preserve the 
 simplicity of Brayton's account, in padding 
 out the story he introduced the inaccura- 
 cies which have aroused doubt as to the 
 authenticity of the entire narrative. There 
 exists ample evidence to prove that the 
 "captive" was indeed Matthew Brayton. The 
 best sources are the files of Upper Sandusky 
 Union and the Seneca Advertiser (Tiffin) 
 for the year 1859. At the outbreak of the 
 Civil War, Brayton enlisted in an Indiana 
 regiment. While in the service he was taken 
 dangerously ill, and after a short sickness 
 he died at Pittsburgh Landing. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 The Indian Captive. A Narrative of the 
 Adventures and Sufferings of Matthew 
 Brayton, in his Thirty-Four Years of 
 Captivity among the Indians of North- 
 western America, Cleveland, 1860. 
 
 BREAKSPEAR. Pseud. See William L. 
 Adams. 
 
 BRECKLING, GRACE JAMISON (Feb. 5, 
 1900- ), was born in Stillman Valley, 111., 
 and has lived in Cleveland since 1925. She 
 graduated from Rockford College and has 
 taught English in Cleveland high schools. 
 She has published several novels since her 
 first: Dream without End, Philadelphia, 
 [1950]. 
 
 BRENNAN, JOHN PATRICK (Dec. 24, 
 1866-Oct. 30, 1932), clergyman, was born 
 in Napoleon, Henry County. Becoming a 
 telegrapher when he was fifteen, he worked 
 for three years before determining to be- 
 come a Roman Catholic priest. He studied 
 at Canisius College, Buffalo, N. Y., and 
 Xavier College, Cincinnati. He completed 
 his studies for the priesthood at St. Mary's 
 Seminary, Cleveland, and after being or- 
 dained in 1894 served churches in Youngs- 
 town and Cleveland. He published stories 
 in Catholic periodicals, a book of prayers, 
 and the play listed below. 
 
 Esther, the Persian Queen, Youngstown, 
 [1897]. 
 
 BRENNEMAN, HENRY B. (Aug. 12, 1831- 
 Sept. 28, 1887), who was born in Fairfield 
 County, was a deacon in the Mennonite 
 Church for 23 years and conducted a 
 column in the Herald of Truth for several 
 years. He died in Elkhart, Ind., where he 
 spent the greater part of his adult life. 
 Gems of Truth for Children . . . , Elkhart, 
 Ind., 1873. 
 
 BRENNER, ROBERT WILLIAM (June 22, 
 1904-July 17, 1959), engineer, was born 
 in Maineville, Warren County. He was em- 
 ployed as a draftsman at the American 
 Laundry Machine Company, was active in 
 the Methodist Church, and was a member 
 of the Lebanon Symphony Orchestra. He 
 wrote numerous historical articles for vari- 
 ous area newspapers and also published a 
 local history: Maineville, Ohio, History 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1950. 
 
 BRENT, LORING. Pseud. See George F. 
 Worts. 
 
 BRENTFORD, BURKE. Pseud. See Nathan 
 D. Urner. 
 
 BREUER, ELIZABETH (Bessie) (Oct. 18, 
 1892- ), was born in Cleveland. Cuya- 
 hoga County. She was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of St. Louis and attended the 
 
75 
 
 Bricker 
 
 school of journalism, Missouri State Uni- 
 versity. After serving as a reporter on the 
 St. Louis Times and the New York Tribune, 
 she began publishing magazine articles. Her 
 serious writing began during the 1920s 
 while she was living in France. Her fiction 
 is notable for its intense awareness of fem- 
 inine psychology and for its experimental 
 technique. Her short stories, which have 
 appeared in Story, The New Yorker, 
 Harper's Bazaar, and other magazines, have 
 been awarded several prizes. Her most suc- 
 cessful novel was Memory of Love, New 
 York, 1934. TCA 
 
 BREWBAKER, CHARLES WARREN (Oct. 
 18, 1869- ), clergyman, was born in 
 State Line, Pa. Ordained to the ministry of 
 the United Brethren Church in 1893, he 
 served churches in various states and in 
 Canton, 1898-1904. He was general secre- 
 tary of Sunday School and Brotherhood 
 Work, 1913-29; director of the Bureau of 
 Evangelism, 1929-33; and pastor of Fair- 
 view Church, Dayton, 1933-39. He now 
 lives in Dayton. He has written Evangelism 
 and the Present World-Order, New York, 
 1932. WW 26 
 
 BREWER, ABRAHAM TITUS (Sept. 20, 
 1841-April 17, 1933), lawyer, was born in 
 Monroe County. After serving in the Civil 
 War with the 61st Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
 he studied law and was admitted to the 
 Ohio bar in 1869. He lived and practiced 
 in Cleveland. With G. A. Laubscher, he 
 wrote a legal treatise on Ohio corporations 
 which attained five editions. 
 How to Make the Sunday School Go, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1897]. 
 True War Stories, 1907. 
 History of Sixty-First Regiment, Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteers, [Pittsburgh, Pa., 1911]. 
 
 BREWER, ANNETTE FITCH (Jan. 31, 
 1870-Oct. 29, 1960), was born in Ashta- 
 bula, Ashtabula County, a descendant of 
 one of the pioneer county families. After 
 graduating from Lake Erie Seminary in 
 1890, she was active in the movement for 
 women's suffrage. She married Isaac C. 
 Brewer in 1893 and lived in the state of 
 Washington for some time. After returning 
 to Ohio, she married a Mr. Nelson and 
 lived in Jefferson, where she published 
 numerous historical feature stories in the 
 Jefferson Gazette. She also broadcast his- 
 torical programs over the Ashtabula radio 
 station in the late 1930s. Her only book was 
 published under the name Annette Fitch- 
 Brewer: The Storv of a Mother Love, 
 [Akron, 1913]. OBB 
 
 BREWSTER, GEORGE (1800-1865), edu- 
 cator, arrived in Cleveland in 1831. He was 
 a school principal there in 1837 and later 
 taught in Columbus. He published the 
 Western Literary Magazine at Detroit, 
 Columbus, and Lawrence, Kan. 
 Lectures on Education, Columbus, 1833. 
 A New Philosophy of Matter . . . , Boston, 
 
 1843. 
 Lectures on the Origin of the Globe . . . , 
 Columbus, 1850. 
 
 BREWSTER, H. POMEROY (March 7, 
 1831-1906), was born in Ravenna, Portage 
 County, but soon after his birth his parents 
 moved to Rochester, N. Y., where he spent 
 most of his life. After a period of study and 
 travel abroad, he was an importer in Eng- 
 land, 1851-58. Returning to Rochester, he 
 was in the banking business until 1870, when 
 he retired to devote himself to writing. 
 The Coffee Houses and Tea Gardens of 
 
 Old London, Rochester, 1888. 
 The Story of a Welsh Girl, [Rochester?]. 1888. 
 England and Its Rulers . . . , Chicago, 1892. 
 The Cross in Iconography, Archaeology, 
 
 Architecture . . . , Rochester, [1894]. 
 Saints and Festivals of the Christian 
 
 Church, New York, [1904]. 
 
 BREWSTER, STANLEY FARRAR (Aug. 22, 
 1889- ), lawyer, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 University of Cincinnati in 1910 and Harv- 
 ard Law School in 1913. He practiced in 
 New York City, 1922-29, and was on the 
 faculty of Washington College of Law. His 
 books include legal texts and Twelve Men 
 in a Box, Chicago, 1934. WW 30 
 
 BREWSTER, WILLIAM NESBITT (Dec. 5, 
 1862-Nov. 22, 1916), missionary, was born 
 in Highland County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1883 and Bos- 
 ton University School of Theology in 1886. 
 He served for many years as a Methodist 
 missionary in India and China. His books 
 include The Methodist Man's Burden, New 
 York, 1913. WWW 1 
 
 BRICKER, GARLAND ARMOR (March 20, 
 1881- ), educator, was born in Etna, 
 Licking County. He attended Lima College 
 and graduated from Ohio University in 
 1918. He taught in Ohio public schools, the 
 agriculture department of Ohio State Uni- 
 versity, and other universities. In 1937 he 
 became manager of the Youngstown Book 
 Store, and he is now president of Pennsyl- 
 vania-Ohio University, Youngstown. Be- 
 sides a number of agriculture textbooks, he 
 has written The Church in Rural America, 
 Cincinnati, [1919]. WW 21 
 
Brinkerhoff, H. R. 
 
 76 
 
 BRINKERHOFF, HENRY R. (Oct. 9, 1836- 
 ? ), soldier, was born in Medina County. He 
 enlisted in the U. S. Army Aug. 19, 1861, 
 and served until his retirement as a lieu- 
 tenant colonel in 1900. During his service 
 he had many experiences among the In- 
 dian tribes, which he used in the novel 
 listed below. 
 
 Nah-Nee-Ta, a Tale of the Navctjos, Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1886. 
 
 BRINKERHOFF, ROBERT MOORE (May 
 4, 1880-Feb. 17, 1958), cartoonist and il- 
 lustrator, was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County. He worked as a cartoonist on the 
 Toledo Bee, the Toledo Blade, the Cleve- 
 land Leader, and later for United Features 
 Syndicate. His death occurred in Minne- 
 apolis, Minn. He illustrated stories for many 
 magazines. His cartoon character, Little 
 Mary Mixup, is the subject of his book, 
 Little Mary Mixup in Fairyland, New York, 
 1926. WWW 3 
 
 BRINKERHOFF, ROELIFF (June 28, 1828- 
 June 4, 1911), lawyer and journalist, was 
 born in Owasco, N. Y. He was educated in 
 local schools and neighboring academies. 
 After teaching two years in district schools, 
 he drifted to Tennessee, where he served as 
 tutor in the family of Andrew Jackson, Jr., 
 at the Hermitage. Inheriting a substantial 
 fortune on the death of his father, he came 
 to Mansfield, studied law under his kinsman 
 Jacob Brinkerhoff, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1851. He soon switched from the 
 practice of law to journalism, and in 1855 
 he bought from J. R. Locke (q.v.) and as- 
 sociates the Mansfield Herald, which he 
 edited until 1861, when he entered the 
 army as quartermaster. After the war he 
 returned to Mansfield and became a con- 
 spicuous figure in state politics. His wealth 
 left him leisure to devote to philanthropy, 
 genealogical research, and penology. In 
 1893 he became president of the National 
 Prison Association, and he was vice-presi- 
 dent of the International Prison Congress 
 which met in Paris in 1895. He was a 
 founder and the first president of the Ohio 
 Archaeological Society and for fifteen years 
 was president of its successor, the Ohio 
 State Archaeological and Historical So- 
 ciety. Though highly personal his Recollec- 
 tions is an entertaining and valuable com- 
 mentary on men and events of the last 
 three quarters of the nineteenth century. He 
 also wrote two family histories. His death 
 occurred in Mansfield. 
 
 The Volunteer Quartermaster, New York, 
 1864. 
 
 Recollections of a Lifetime, Cincinnati, 
 1900. 
 
 BRITTON, ROLLIN JOHN (Dec. 9, 1864- 
 March 28, 1931), lawyer, was born in 
 Akron, Summit County. In 1877 his parents 
 moved to Constantine, Mich., and a few 
 years later to Gallatin, Mo. He attended 
 Normal School at Stanberry, Mo., and 
 taught school and read law in Gallatin. He 
 participated in the land rush to the Chero- 
 kee Strip in 1889, but returned to Missouri 
 because of ill health. He practiced law in 
 Gallatin until 1910 and afterward in Kan- 
 sas City, Mo. Especially interested in the 
 history of the Mormons in Missouri, he 
 wrote many historical and biographical 
 articles. He also published fiction, and 
 under the pen name Guy Blue he wrote 
 considerable poetry for newspapers. At 
 least two collections of his poetry were pub- 
 lished, e.g., Stuff, Effused by Guy Blue, Gal- 
 latin, Mo., 1912. 
 
 BROADBECK, CAPTAIN. Pseud. See James 
 W. Gazlay. 
 
 BROBECK, FLORENCE (July 19, 1895- 
 ), journalist, born in Ashville, Picka- 
 way County, graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1917 and has lived in New 
 York City since 1921. She was women's 
 editor of the New York Herald Tribune for 
 seven years and for a number of years was 
 associate editor of McCall's. As a free-lance 
 writer she has published articles in various 
 magazines and newspapers. She has also 
 written several popular cookbooks and a 
 book about cats: The Cat on the Mat, New 
 York, 1935. WWNAA 7 
 
 BROCKIE, JOHN MEIKLE (April 27, 
 1879-Jan. 3, 1949), clergyman and jour- 
 nalist, was born in Glasgow, Scotland. After 
 graduating from the University of Maine 
 and Bangor Theological Seminary, he 
 served pastorates in New England and New 
 York, 1905-28. He was editor of the Mt. 
 Sterling Tribune, 1929-49. He published 
 several books of prose and verse, e.g., 
 What's It All About?, [Mt. Sterling, 1933]. 
 BDCP 
 
 BROMFIELD, ANNETTE MARIA COUL- 
 
 TON (April 29, 1863-Jan. 7, 1947), mother 
 of Louis Bromfield (q.v.), was born in 
 Monroe Township, Richland County. She 
 died in Springfield Township in the same 
 county. She wrote a book about a dog be- 
 longing to her son: Laddie Boy; The Auto- 
 biography of a Dog, New York, 1936. 
 
77 
 
 Bromfield, L. 
 
 BROMFIELD, LOUIS (Dec. 27, 1896-March 
 19, 1956), was born in Mansfield, Richland 
 County. In the nineteenth century Mans- 
 field was one of those sleepy little Middle 
 Western towns described by Sherwood An- 
 derson as "devoted to the practice of the 
 old trades, to agriculture and merchandis- 
 ing." It was the seat of Richland County, 
 where early settlers had found the land 
 productive and stayed on it to produce 
 large and established families like the Brom- 
 field clan. The town's personality began to 
 change in the 1870s and 1880s when the 
 smoke of factories and foundries claimed 
 the rural skies. With it came wealth and 
 poverty, company owners and common 
 laborers, dreadful architecture and ugly 
 slums, and a sense of urgency and hurry. 
 In the midst of these lived the heirs of the 
 old families who had been reared in the 
 quiet and simplicity of the rural community. 
 To two of them, Charles and Annette Brom- 
 field, a son Louis was born two days after 
 Christmas in 1896. Throughout his sixty 
 years he retained a nostalgia for the pleas- 
 ant life of his ancestors, a trait that marked 
 his philosophy and his writings. The large 
 and lovable Bromfield family also provided 
 him with many of the best characters of his 
 novels and short stories. Near-poverty 
 dogged the Bromfields while Louis was 
 growing up. In the place of money, how- 
 ever, his parents and his grandfather Coul- 
 ter gave him a romantic spirit, a love of 
 life, an appreciation of beauty and of just 
 plain fun, and an affection for the land and 
 for nature. His mother, a persevering 
 woman, guided his education and provided 
 him with a library of the great English au- 
 thors. He remained a voracious reader 
 throughout his life, though he reacted to 
 her domination with a desire for personal 
 freedom. Hard times drove the Bromfields 
 to the Coulter farm when Louis was about 
 sixteen, and he decided to go to Cornell 
 University to study agriculture. After a 
 semester he returned when his grandfather 
 became ill; he worked on the farm for a 
 year and a half before he decided upon a 
 different life. In Sept., 1916, he left for 
 Columbia University to enter journalism. 
 This time the war intervened, and in 1917 
 he joined the ambulance service and served 
 two years in France. New York City be- 
 came his home after the war. There he 
 married Mary Appleton Wood, an aspir- 
 ing young writer, in 1921. Between 1919 
 and 1925 he worked as a reporter, became 
 foreign editor of Musical America, served 
 as dramatic and book critic of the Book- 
 man, wrote a monthly column called "The 
 New Yorker" for Bookman, was music 
 
 critic on the original staff of Time, and was 
 advertising manager of G. P. Putnam's 
 Sons. Meanwhile he spent his spare time 
 writing four novels which were never to see 
 print and in 1924 The Green Bay Tree, 
 which launched him as a successful novelist. 
 The following year Possession also hit the 
 best-seller lists. After it appeared in the 
 fall, the Bromfields sailed for a visit to 
 Paris. They found France attractive and 
 less expensive than the United States, and 
 made their home near Paris for fourteen 
 years. With his first two novels Bromfield 
 began a panel of four books on the "un- 
 gainly, swarming, glittering spectacle of 
 American life," the next two being Early 
 Autumn (1926), which won him the Pulit- 
 zer Prize, and A Good Woman (1927). 
 The setting for Early Autumn was a New 
 England town, and for each of the other 
 three, in which the characters were mem- 
 bers of his own family, it was "the town," 
 presumably Mansfield, and New York and 
 Paris. In each the story unfolds in the 
 changing American scene of the last dec- 
 ade of the nineteenth century and the 
 first two decades of the twentieth century. 
 In these novels Bromfield displayed a genu- 
 ine talent for telling stories and creating 
 memorable characters. He suggested that 
 they might be brought together under the 
 title "Escape." The first two deal with the 
 rebellion of the "new woman," the third 
 with a struggle for release from an old and 
 decaying New England family, and the 
 fourth with a son's reaction to his mother's 
 domination. Novels continued to come from 
 his pen at a rapid rate: The Strange Case 
 of Annie Spragg (1928), Twenty-Four 
 Hours (1930), and A Modern Hero (1932), 
 weaker stories in which he experimented 
 with new forms and new ideas. In 1929 he 
 published Awake and Rehearse, his first 
 volume of short stories. In A Modern Hero 
 he moved from his concern for escape from 
 social restrictions and personal inhibitions 
 to a recognition that the individual must 
 control his drives if he is to have happiness. 
 In The Farm (1933) he celebrated the con- 
 science and integrity of the individual in 
 rural America. For this book he returned 
 to the Richland County scene and his fam- 
 ily to produce a significant study of the 
 "good way of life" which industrialism had 
 displaced. It remained one of his favorites 
 among his own writings. It also restored 
 him to the literary position he had won 
 with his first four novels. In Here Today 
 and Gone Tomorrow (1934), four short 
 novels reprinted from Cosmopolitan, Brom- 
 field slipped into mediocrity. The Man Who 
 Had Everything (1935) was significant only 
 
Bromfield, L. 
 
 78 
 
 for his analysis of his own restlessness in 
 the 1930s, when success began to pall on 
 him and he began talking of returning to 
 a farm in Ohio. Several trips to India, be- 
 ginning in 1932, resulted in The Rains 
 Came (1937), a very popular story in 
 which he compared the faith of a rising 
 people with that of the West, where he saw 
 life "drooping and dying." In 1938 the 
 threat of war drove the Bromfields home, 
 where they bought three adjoining farms 
 near Mansfield and settled down to farm. 
 In 1939 he issued a sharp attack on Neville 
 Chamberlain and the men in power in Eng- 
 land in a pamphlet entitled England, a Dy- 
 ing Oligarchy. In the same year // Takes 
 All Kinds appeared, containing four short 
 novels and five short stories from Cosmo- 
 politan. J. P. Marquand called the volume 
 "a case book of literary craftsmanship 
 which anyone in the profession will be the 
 better for studying." For several years he 
 wrote stories without much substance, in- 
 cluding Night in Bombay (1940); Wild Is 
 the River (1941), a romantic historical 
 novel of New Orleans under Yankee occu- 
 pation; and Until the Day Break (1942), 
 a tale about Paris during the German occu- 
 pation in World War II. Mrs. Parkington 
 (1943) was a model in construction, but it 
 lacked strong characters. What Became of 
 Anna Bolton (1944) proved exciting but 
 lacked depth and integrity and represented 
 a considerable drop in quality from Mrs. 
 Parkington. The World We Live In (1944), 
 a collection of fascinating short stories from 
 Cosmopolitan, dealt with Americans and 
 Europeans in the prewar and war years. 
 After his return from France, the farm 
 called "Malabar" and agriculture dominated 
 Bromfield's interest. He turned Malabar 
 into a pilot farm of experimentation which 
 soon attracted thousands of visitors a year 
 from all over the world. His success in re- 
 viving worn-out land and his other experi- 
 ments led a group of citizens of Wichita 
 Falls, Texas, to invite him to start a second 
 Malabar near that town, and some years 
 later, at the request of Brazilian officials, 
 he set up a third Malabar in Brazil. His 
 most effective writings now concerned the 
 farm and farming. Pleasant Valley (1945), 
 the story of an amateur farmer trying to 
 operate a large farm, opened a series of 
 four books on the subject. It also restored 
 Bromfield to a high rank in American 
 letters. It was followed by Malabar Farm 
 (1948), aimed particularly at people who 
 desired practical information on reclama- 
 tion and general farming; Out of the Earth 
 (1950), concerned primarily with new tech- 
 niques in agriculture; and From My Experi- 
 
 ence (1955), which dealt with later opera- 
 tions at Malabar and at Malabar-do-Brazil. 
 Bromfield interspersed his farm books with 
 A Few Brass Tacks (1946), a disapproving 
 analysis of American materialism and a 
 criticism of the New Deal; Kenny (1947), 
 a weak collection of short stories; Colorado 
 (1947), a satirical novel on Westerns and 
 Westerners; and The Wild Country' (1948), 
 a piece of psychological fiction about a 
 growing boy. With Mr. Smith (1951), a 
 story in which a small American business- 
 man analyzes the purposelessness and hypoc- 
 risy of his own life in terms of the empti- 
 ness of our society, Bromfield once more 
 won the plaudits of the critics. His concern 
 with the problems of this nation and of 
 civilization in general led to A New Pat- 
 tern for a Tired World ( 1 954 ) , a nonfiction 
 criticism of American policy and a plan for 
 more effective leadership in the world. His 
 writing career concluded with Animals and 
 Other People (1955), a volume of stories 
 about people who were "teched" that they 
 were loved by animals. Bromfield's books 
 had tremendous sales. His first novel, The 
 Green Bay Tree, is said to have earned him 
 about $1,500,000. Several books, including 
 The Rains Came, were translated into six- 
 teen languages. Before his death over 
 400,000 copies of The Rains Came had 
 been printed in the German translation 
 alone. A dozen of his books were translated 
 into ten or more languages each, and all 
 but the last three were translated into 
 at least one language. Virtually all of 
 his books have been frequently reprinted in 
 English. Before his death his five farm 
 books had sold over 300,000 copies, and 
 they have continued to sell. His popularity 
 was achieved without the help of book 
 clubs, with which he refused to have any- 
 thing to do. To Bromfield the primary pur- 
 pose of literature was to entertain. Writing 
 on a sweeping canvas, he built his stories 
 around exciting adventure and plenty of 
 sex. His exceptional ability to tell a story 
 was his forte: his second strength probably 
 lay in his talent for character portrayal, 
 but in this area he served his female figures 
 better than his male ones. Finally, he was 
 a literary craftsman whose technique was 
 sometimes better than his stories. He did 
 his most effective writing on the problems 
 of personal escape from inhibitions and 
 family and social restrictions in his first 
 four books, and on the hollowness of mod- 
 ern life and the virtues of rural America 
 in later works. It is apparent that he was a 
 prodigious writer. Besides fiction, the vol- 
 umes on the farm, and the books on the 
 state of the prewar and postwar world, he 
 
79 
 
 Brooks, J. 
 
 produced numerous articles, many parts of 
 books, several plays and movie scripts, and 
 a syndicated newspaper column. He was 
 constantly in demand as a speaker on liter- 
 ary subjects, farming and conservation, and 
 international affairs, and for a time con- 
 ducted a Saturday afternoon broadcast on 
 a national radio hook-up. At the same time, 
 he brought up three daughters and main- 
 tained a large home that was always filled 
 with visitors. He had great personal charm, a 
 deep understanding of people, and a warm 
 sympathy for the unfortunate. He has been 
 characterized as one of the most independ- 
 ent of Americans, and he gave his bless- 
 ing to those characters in his books who 
 fought for their personal rights. Until his 
 return to the farm, Bromfield actually was 
 not sure of himself or of his purpose in 
 life. At Malabar he finally achieved a 
 "sense of belonging, of being a small and 
 relatively unimportant part of something 
 vast but infinitely friendly." 
 
 James H. Rodabaugh 
 
 BRONSON, SHERLOCK ANSON (April 21, 
 1807-May 7, 1890), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Waterbury, Conn. In the 
 same year his family moved to Lorain 
 County. He graduated from Kenyon Col- 
 lege in 1833 and was ordained an Episco- 
 pal priest in 1835. He served churches in 
 Granville, 1837-45, Sandusky, 1850-66, 
 and Mansfield, 1872-89. He was president 
 of Kenyon College, 1845-50, and served 
 on the seminary faculty there, 1866-72. The 
 first title below is an important financial 
 history of Kenyon College. His death oc- 
 curred in Mansfield. 
 
 A Memento of the Donors and Founders 
 of the Theological Seminary of the Prot- 
 estant Episcopal Church in the Diocese 
 of Ohio, and Kenyon College, Cincinnati, 
 1860. 
 
 John Sherman; What He Has Said and 
 Done . . . , Columbus, 1880. 
 
 BROOKE, JOHN THOMPSON (Feb. 4, 
 1800-Aug. 19, 1861), clergyman, was born 
 in Frederick, Md. After reading law with 
 Roger B. Taney, he was admitted to the bar 
 and practiced for two or three years. He 
 then studied at a theological seminary in 
 Alexandria, Va., and was ordained an Epis- 
 copal priest in 1826. He served three years 
 in Martinsburg, Va., and nine years in 
 Georgetown, Washington. D. C, before 
 coming to Christ Church, Cincinnati, where 
 he was rector, 1835-47. He was later a 
 professor at Kenyon College and rector of 
 Christ Church, Springfield, 1854-60. Be- 
 
 sides the titles below, several of his sermons 
 
 and addresses were published. 
 
 Union: How Far Consistent or Justifiable 
 in View of the Present Differences be- 
 tween Churchmen, Cincinnati, 1859. 
 
 Short Notes on the Died Scott Case, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1861. 
 
 BROOKE, MARY GOULD (May 22, 1858- 
 Jan. 22, 1946), was born in Eaton, Preble 
 County. She married an Eaton banker and 
 spent her life in that community. She was 
 actively interested in local history. She 
 wrote Historic Eaton and Fort St. Clair, 
 Eaton, 1930. 
 
 BROOKER, LOUISA JONES (1869-Dec. 
 20, 1955), educator, taught in Cleveland 
 elementary schools, 1902-38. She published 
 a collection of verse for children, Half-past 
 Five . . . , New York, [1938]. 
 
 BROOKS, ALDEN (Feb. 8, 1883- ), was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. After 
 attending schools in France and England, 
 he graduated from Harvard University in 
 1905. He was a teacher in the United States 
 and a newspaperman in France; during 
 World War I he served in the French For- 
 eign Legion. In 1935 he settled in Mary- 
 land as a tobacco farmer and writer; he 
 now lives in Topango, Calif. He has pub- 
 lished several books, e.g., a novel, Escape, 
 New York, 1924. 
 
 BROOKS, CHARLES STEPHEN (June 25, 
 1878-June 29, 1934), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. After graduating 
 from Yale University in 1900, he conducted 
 a printing and stationery business in Cleve- 
 land until 1915, when he moved to New 
 York. He returned to Cleveland to live a 
 few years before his death. He published 
 plays, fiction, several collections of essays, 
 e.g., Chimney-Pot Papers, New Haven, 
 [Conn.], 1919, and a book of boyhood 
 memories: Prologue, New York, [1931]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 BROOKS, CHATTY. Pseud. See Rosella Rice. 
 
 BROOKS, ELIPHALET (?-?), was born in 
 Ohio, probably in Wakeman, Huron County. 
 He was probably the son of John Brooks, 
 a pioneer settler of that community. His 
 book "advocating the personal coming of 
 Christ" was privately printed. 
 The Harmony of Prophecy, Wakeman, 1863. 
 
 BROOKS, JENNIE (April 23, 1853-Feb. 15, 
 1934), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She graduated from Oxford Col- 
 lege for Women in 1871. She published 
 
Brooks, L. 
 
 80 
 
 many articles and stories on nature in na- 
 tional magazines. She also published two 
 books on nature study, e.g., Quests of a 
 Bird Lover, Boston, [1922]. OBB 
 
 BROOKS, LAKE. Pseud. See Arthur R. 
 Harding. 
 
 BROOKS, NELLIE SUMNER (1867- ), 
 poet, born in Dayton. Montgomery County, 
 of New England parents who returned to 
 Connecticut to reside after her birth, grad- 
 uated from Oberlin College and returned to 
 take up permanent residence in Dayton in 
 1894 after her marriage to Virgil L. Brooks, 
 a Dayton plumbing contractor. She wrote 
 Maple Mansion Melodies, Dayton, 1930. 
 
 BROOKS, ROBERT CLARKSEN (Feb. 7, 
 1874-Feb. 2, 1941), educator, was born 
 in Piqua, Miami County. He graduated from 
 Indiana University in 1896 and Cornell 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1903. He served on 
 the faculties of several universities, includ- 
 ing the University of Cincinnati (1908-12); 
 at the time of his death he was teaching 
 at Swarthmore College. His writings include 
 Corruption in American Politics and Life, 
 New York, 1910. WWW 1 
 
 BROOKS, WILLIAM KEITH (March 25, 
 1848-Nov. 12, 1908), zoologist, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, the son of 
 a prosperous merchant. His interest in sci- 
 ence developed early. In 1866 he entered 
 Hobart College, where he spent two years, 
 and in 1870 he graduated from Williams 
 College. His graduate work was done at 
 Harvard University. From 1876 until his 
 death he was a member of the biological de- 
 partment of Johns Hopkins University. In 
 addition to the books listed below, he wrote 
 numerous scientific papers and technical 
 works. 
 
 The Law of Heredity . . . , Baltimore, 1883. 
 The Oyster, a Popular Summery of a Sci- 
 entific Study, Baltimore, 1891. 
 
 BROSANUS, MATTHEW. Pseud. See Harry 
 M. Brown. 
 
 BROTHERTON, ALICE WILLIAMS (April 
 4, 1848-Feb. 9, 1930), was born in Cam- 
 bridge City, Ind. In her girlhood she ac- 
 companied her parents to Cincinnati, where. 
 except for short periods of residence in her 
 native state and in St. Louis, Mo., she spent 
 the rest of her life. Her education was re- 
 ceived mainly in Cincinnati, where she grad- 
 uated from Woodward High School in 1870. 
 As early as 1872 she began to write for the 
 press, and she contributed to various lead- 
 
 ing periodicals, including Century, Scribner's, 
 Atlantic Monthly, St. Nicholas, and the 
 New York Independent. She died in Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 Beyond the Veil, Chicago, 1886. 
 The Sailing of King Olaf and Other Poems, 
 
 Chicago, 1887. 
 What the Wind Told the Treetops, New 
 
 York, 1888. 
 The Orchard Path and Other Poems, 1917. 
 
 BROTHERTON, JOHN WILLIAMS, son of 
 
 Alice W. Brotherton (q.v.), was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, and still lives 
 in that city. He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati in 1939. He has pub- 
 lished poems in Cincinnati newspapers and 
 in a collection: Airs and Graces, Cincinnati, 
 1931. 
 
 BROWDER, URIAH MARION (1846- 
 1907), clergyman, was born in Jamestown, 
 Greene County. A minister of the Disciples 
 of Christ Church, he served as an evangelist 
 and pastor in Illinois and Ohio. He died in 
 Dayton. 
 The Ministry of Reconciliation . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, Mo., 1879. 
 The Process of Regeneration, Litchfield, 111., 
 
 1884. 
 Browder's Pulpit . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 1887. 
 
 BROWN, ALBERT M. (Aug. 28, 1901- 
 ), social worker, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He attended the 
 University of Pittsburgh and Western Re- 
 serve University. Since 1924 he has been 
 in social work in New York, Cleveland, 
 and Toledo. He has published several vol- 
 umes of plays for boys, e.g., A Collection 
 of Boys' Plays, Boston, [1933]. 
 
 BROWN, DAVID LESLIE (Sept. 9, 1885- 
 ), was born in Buffalo, N. Y. After 
 graduating from Ohio Wesleyan University, 
 he was a Methodist minister, a lecturer at 
 the St. Louis World's Fair, and a teacher. 
 He was an executive of Goodyear Tire and 
 Rubber Company, Akron. 1916-29. After 
 retiring he lived in Florida and in Europe; 
 he now lives in New York City. He has 
 written poems and articles for various maga- 
 zines and two books on business, e.g., On 
 Setbacks . . . , New York, 1919. 
 
 BROWN, EDWARD (Nov. 1. 1814-?). 
 clergyman, was born in Colebrook, Ashta- 
 bula County. No details concerning his life 
 have been found except that he became 
 pastor of the Wadsworth Congregational 
 Church in 1874. His pamphlet is valuable 
 for its history of Medina County. 
 
81 
 
 Brown, K. I. 
 
 W adsworth Memorial 
 1875. 
 
 . , Wadsworth, 
 
 BROWN, FREDERIC (Oct. 29, 1906- ), 
 writer of mystery stories, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County, and lived there 
 until he was 23 years old. His home at 
 present is Tucson, Ariz. His numerous mys- 
 tery novels include The Dead Ringer, New 
 York, 1948. WW 30 
 
 BROWN, GEORGE (Jan. 29, 1792-Oct. 25, 
 1871), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Washington County, Pa. He was brought 
 to Steubenville in 1800 and grew up in that 
 town. In 1814 he became an itinerant 
 Methodist preacher and traveled throughout 
 Ohio, Virginia, and western Pennsylvania. He 
 served for a time as president of Madison 
 College, Uniontown, Pa., and also lived 
 in Xenia and Cincinnati. On becoming edi- 
 tor of the Western Methodist Protestant in 
 1860, he moved to Springfield, where he 
 wrote his recollections. His book provides 
 an important account of pioneer life in 
 Steubenville and of his service during the 
 War of 1812. He describes an otherwise 
 unrecorded march across Ohio and a de- 
 scription of the harrowing experience of 
 "short-term" men, discharged at Lower San- 
 dusky and turned loose to find their way 
 to their homes through trackless swamps 
 and forests. His death occurred in Spring- 
 field. 
 Recollections of Itinerant Life; Including 
 
 Early Reminiscences, Cincinnati, 1866. 
 The Lady Preacher: Or, the Life and Labors 
 
 of Mrs. Hanna Reeves . . . , Springfield, 
 
 1870. 
 
 BROWN, HALLIE QUINN (March 10, 
 1860-Sept. 16, 1949), educator, was born 
 in Pittsburgh, Pa. Her parents moved to 
 Ohio in the year of her birth. After gradu- 
 ating from Wilberforce University in 1873, 
 she was a school principal in Dayton for 
 two years; dean of Allen University, Co- 
 lumbia, S. C, 1885-87; and dean of Tuske- 
 gee Institute, 1892-93. In 1902 she joined 
 the English faculty of Wilberforce Univer- 
 sity. She lectured and gave readings and 
 published several books, e.g., Pen Pictures 
 of Pioneers of Wilberforce . . . , [Xenia, 
 1937]. 
 
 BROWN, HARRY MATTHEW (Jan. 24, 
 1921- ), educator, was born in Newark, 
 Licking County. He graduated from Bald- 
 win-Wallace College in 1946 and Western 
 Reserve University (Ph.D.) in 1955. He 
 taught English at Baldwin-Wallace, 1946- 
 50, and since 1950 has been on the faculty 
 
 of West Virginia University. Under the 
 pen name Matthew Brosanus, he has pub- 
 lished a volume of poetry: Sea-Rock and 
 Coral, Prairie City, 111., [1950]. DAS 3 
 
 BROWN, JESSIE HUNTER. See Jessie H. 
 B. Pounds. 
 
 BROWN, JOE EVAN (July 28, 1892- ), 
 comedian, was born in Holgate, Henry 
 County. Beginning as a circus acrobat in 
 1902, he became one of America's best- 
 loved comedians in musical comedies and 
 motion pictures. His tours of the war zone 
 during World War II resulted in his writ- 
 ing Your Kids and Mine, New York, 1944. 
 WW 30 
 
 BROWN, JOHN FRANKLIN (May 1, 1865- 
 Feb. 15, 1940), educator and editor, was 
 born in Springboro, Warren County. He 
 graduated from Earlham College in 1889 
 and Cornell University (Ph.D.) in 1896. 
 After about twenty years in educational 
 work, he joined Macmillan Company as 
 an editor in the secondary school depart- 
 ment. He wrote several books on education, 
 e.g., The American High School, New York, 
 1909. 
 
 BROWN, JOHN PORTER (Aug. 17, 1814- 
 April 28, 1872), diplomat and Oriental 
 scholar, was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County, the son of a tanner. In 1832 he 
 joined his uncle, David D. Porter, Ameri- 
 can minister in Constantinople. Brown held 
 various posts in the American legation. Dur- 
 ing his forty years of diplomatic service, 
 the actions that brought him to public no- 
 tice were his trip to America in 1850 with 
 Amin Bey, the first Turkish mission to visit 
 this country, and his implusive demand in 
 1853 that an Austrian ship surrender Martin 
 Koszta, a Hungarian patriot who had an- 
 nounced his intention of becoming an Ameri- 
 can citizen. Brown translated several Turkish 
 works into English, including a collection 
 of fairy tales, Turkish Evening Entertain- 
 ments (1850). He died in Constantinople. 
 History of the Dervishes; Or, Oriental Spirit- 
 ualism, Philadelphia, 1868. 
 
 BROWN, KENNETH IRVING (April 27, 
 1896- ), educator, was born in Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y. After serving as president of 
 Hiram College (1930^10) and Denison Uni- 
 versity (1940-50). he became director of 
 the Danforth Foundation. His writings in- 
 clude A Campus Decade; The Hiram Study 
 Plan of Intensive Courses, Chicago, [1940]. 
 WW 30 
 
Brown. M. M. 
 
 82 
 
 BROWN, MARCUS MONROE (c.l855-Oct. 
 16, 1915), was born in Batavia, 111. He 
 practiced law in Chicago before coming to 
 Cleveland in 1896, where he successfully 
 engaged in home-building and real estate. 
 Under the sponsorship of Euclid Avenue 
 Baptist Church, he published a eulogistic 
 biography of John D. Rockefeller and an 
 attack on Ida M. Tarbell's account of Stand- 
 ard Oil and its founder: A Study of John 
 D. Rockefeller . . . , Cleveland, 1905. 
 
 BROWN, MARY ELIZABETH ADAMS 
 
 (March 13, 1844-Aug. 17, 1917), was 
 
 born in Champaign County. She lived in 
 
 Cincinnati for much of her life. She was a 
 
 genealogist and also wrote a study of book 
 
 dedications. 
 
 Ellice Larrabee, a Tale of the Olden Time, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1889 
 The Story of John Adams, a New England 
 
 Schoolmaster, New York, 1900. 
 
 BROWN, MOSES TRUE (March 4, 1827- 
 Sept. 11, 1900), educator, was born in 
 Deerfield, N. H. He graduated from Tufts 
 College in 1866. He was superintendent of 
 schools in Toledo for six years and an edi- 
 tor with Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co., Cin- 
 cinnati, for two years. He joined the Tufts 
 faculty and taught there until his retire- 
 ment in 1890. In 1894 he moved to San- 
 dusky, where he spent the remainder of his 
 life. He was widely known as a lecturer and 
 as an interpreter of Dickens. 
 The Synthetic Philosophy of Expression, as 
 Applied to the Arts of Reading, Oratory, 
 and Personation, Boston, 1886. 
 
 BROWN, ORIL (Sept. 16, 1908- ), psy- 
 chologist, was born in Maumee, Lucas 
 County. He graduated from Northwestern 
 University in 1930 and is at present a re- 
 search psychologist at George Washington 
 University. He has written magazine articles 
 and one book: Youth under Dictators, 
 Evanston, 111., 1940. 
 
 BROWN, PERCY WHITING (Jan. 21. 
 1887- ), investment broker, was born 
 in Concord, Mass. He graduated from Har- 
 vard University in 1908 and has been a 
 resident of Cleveland since 1923. He has 
 published privately a collection of papers: 
 Middlesex Monographs, Cleveland, 1941. 
 WW 30 
 
 BROWN, ROLLO WALTER (March 15, 
 1880-Oct. 13, 1956). writer and lecturer, 
 was born near Crooksville, Perry County. 
 He read law for a time in Zanesville, but 
 gave it up to attend Ohio Northern Uni- 
 versity (1899-1903) and Harvard Univer- 
 
 sity (1903-05). In 1924, after a career in 
 college teaching, he devoted himself to 
 lecturing and writing. He stayed often at 
 the MacDowell Colony in Peterborough, 
 N. H., where he knew Edward Arlington 
 Robinson, subject of his book Next Door 
 to a Poet, New York, 1937. He wrote sev- 
 eral novels and books about writing, but he 
 was most successful with short interpreta- 
 tive biographical sketches, as in Lonely 
 Americans, New York, 1929. His auto- 
 biography, The Hills Are Strong, appeared 
 in 1953. TCA 
 
 BROWN, SARA LOWE (Nov. 10, 1870- 
 Jan. 28, 1957), was born in Groveport, 
 Franklin County. She was reared in the 
 locally famous Rarey Mansion, which had 
 been the home of her great-uncle, John 
 Solomon Rarey (q.v.), the world-famous 
 horse-tamer, who was immortalized by Rob- 
 ert Browning in "A Likeness." Mrs. Brown's 
 earliest recollections were of her uncle's 
 horse Cruiser. The horse, whose comfort 
 had been amply provided for in his master's 
 will, survived Rarey by nine years, dying 
 July 6, 1875, at the age of 23. Keeping 
 green the memory of her illustrious uncle 
 and the horse who shared his fame was a 
 lifetime labor of love with Mrs. Brown. 
 Those interested in the vast literature on 
 the horse have long since accepted Mrs. 
 Brown's book as the basic source on the 
 subject: The Horse Cruiser and the Rarey 
 Method of Training Horses, Columbus, 
 1925. 
 
 BROWN, VANDYKE. Pseud. See William P. 
 Brannan. 
 
 BROWN, WILLIAM KENNEDY (Aug. 3, 
 1834-Oct., 1915), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Fayette County, Pa. After en- 
 tering the Methodist ministry in 1856, he 
 served in the Pittsburgh Conference and 
 later in the Cincinnati Conference. He 
 published the Monitor in Alliance, 1 869— 
 76. He was president of Cincinnati Wesleyan 
 Woman's College, 1882-92. His death oc- 
 curred in Cincinnati. 
 
 Guenethics; Or, the Ethical Status of 
 Woman, New York, 1887. 
 
 BROWN, WILLIAM MONTGOMERY (Sept. 
 4, 1855-Oct. 31, 1937), clergyman, was 
 born near Orrville, Wayne County. Left an 
 orphan after the Civil War, he was bound 
 out to a farmer near Cleveland. A wealthy 
 woman, Mrs. Mary S. Bradford, became 
 interested in him and financed his educa- 
 tion at Kenyon. In 1885 he married her 
 daughter, Ellen Bradford. He became a 
 
83 
 
 Browne, C. F. 
 
 deacon in the Episcopal Church in 1883 
 and was ordained to the priesthood the 
 following year. He was rector of the Galion 
 Church, 1883-91, and later a missionary 
 and archdeacon for the Diocese of Ohio. 
 He was consecrated bishop of Arkansas in 
 1898, but resigned because of ill health in 
 1912. In 1925 he was tried for heresy, 
 largely on the basis of his book, Com- 
 munism and Christianity, and he was de- 
 posed from the office of bishop. He spent 
 his last years in Galion. He left a half mil- 
 lion dollars to foster communism in Amer- 
 ica. 
 The Church for Americans, New York, 
 
 1895. 
 The Crucial Race Question . . . , Little 
 
 Rock, Ark., 1907. 
 The Level Plan for Church Union . . . , 
 
 New York, 1910. 
 Communism and Christianity . . . , Galion, 
 
 [1920]. 
 My Heresy: The Autobiography of an Idea, 
 
 New York, 1926. 
 The Human Meaning of Christian Doc- 
 trines, New York, [1928]. 
 Heresy; "Bad Bishop Brown's" Quarterly 
 
 Lectures . . . , [Galion, 1930]. 
 Teachings of Marx for Girls and Boys, 
 
 Galion, 1935. 
 
 BROWNE, CHARLES FARRAR (April 26, 
 1834-March 6, 1867), humorist, was born 
 in Waterford, Maine, of pioneer stock and 
 of parents well placed in the community. 
 He was born Charles F. Brown, but added 
 the final "e" in later life. Leaving home at 
 thirteen with a minimum of schooling, he 
 became a roving printer, drifted from one 
 town to another, setting type and occasionally 
 trying his hand at writing short pieces for 
 his own amusement. Although only six 
 years of his short life were spent in Ohio, 
 it was here that he developed his distinctive 
 style of humor. At twenty, tiring of his 
 employment in Boston, he accepted Greeley's 
 suggestion and turned his restless steps 
 toward the West. He seems to have had no 
 particular destination in mind, but in the 
 course of a few weeks turned up in Cin- 
 cinnati, where he worked for a time. He 
 soon moved on to Dayton and then to 
 Springfield for brief stays; then to Tiffin, 
 where he remained nearly a year; and fi- 
 nally to Toledo. In Oct., 1857, he took a 
 job on the news desk of the Cleveland 
 Plain Dealer. The Plain Dealer was a four- 
 page evening daily in its sixteenth year of 
 publication, a pugnacious Democratic organ 
 in a stoutly Republican community. It 
 habitually carried a chip on its shoulder, 
 and the defender of the chip was peppery 
 
 little J. W. Gray, founder and proprietor 
 of the paper. Always alert for fresh talent 
 to brighten his columns, Gray observed 
 Browne's work on the Toledo Commercial 
 and invited him down the lake to the 
 Cuyahoga metropolis. Browne went to the 
 Plain Dealer as commercial and local news 
 editor. The duties of the job were dully 
 routine to a mind as effervescent as his, 
 and, as he had sometimes done at Toledo, 
 he found relief by presenting his news of 
 the city in whimsical terms to the delight 
 of his readers. A bon vivant and a born 
 raconteur, he became popular in the night 
 life of the city, and his pranks were part 
 of contemporary history. Artemus Ward 
 emerged from the chrysalis of Browne in 
 Jan., 1858, when under this curious pseu- 
 donym he began writing of his wholly 
 imaginary "show bizniss." The stunt was 
 popular from the first. The name Browne 
 dropped into disuse; that of Artemus Ward 
 was on many tongues. His friends and ad- 
 mirers were myriad. Ward left Cleveland 
 in mid-November, 1860, in response to a 
 '"louder call." as Gray wrote in farewell 
 to his distinguished employee. He joined 
 the staff of Vanity Fair in New York City 
 and soon afterward became editor of this 
 periodical, in whose columns originally ap- 
 peared much of his work, later gathered 
 in book form. During the six years that 
 remained to him, he wrote industriously, 
 lectured widely, and achieved recognition 
 as one of the foremost of American hu- 
 morists. The Lincoln cabinet found the 
 President chuckling over Ward's "High 
 Handed Outrage in Utica" when it as- 
 sembled on special call in Sept., 1862, to 
 hear for the first time the Emancipation 
 Proclamation. Artemus Ward went to Lon- 
 don in June, 1866, for an extended lecture 
 tour. He was invited to write for Punch and 
 was well received among men of letters. 
 His popularity was marked from the first, 
 but his days were to be few and he never 
 saw America again. A frail physique, long 
 overtaxed, finally gave way. He died of 
 tuberculosis at Southampton, less than 33 
 years of age. It has been said that he 
 founded a new school of American humor. 
 His friend Bret Harte called it "the humor 
 of audacious exaggeration — of perfect law- 
 lessness — a humor that belongs to the 
 country of boundless prairies and stupendous 
 cataracts." Thus defined, Harte declared, 
 Artemus Ward was "the American humor- 
 ist par excellence." His works appeared in 
 various editions after his death, and sev- 
 eral spurious pieces were published under 
 his name. 
 
 Archer H. Shaw 
 
Browne, J. H. 
 
 84 
 
 Art emus Ward, His Book . . . , New York, 
 1862. 
 
 Artemus Ward; His Travels . . . , New York, 
 1865. 
 
 Artemus Ward in London, and Other Pa- 
 pers, New York, 1867. 
 
 Artemus Ward's Panorama . . . , New York, 
 1869. 
 
 BROWNE, JUNIUS HENRI (Oct. 14, 1833- 
 April 2, 1902), journalist, was born in 
 Seneca Falls, N. Y., but was reared in Cin- 
 cinnati, where his father was a banker. 
 When he was eighteen, he became a re- 
 porter and worked on several Cincinnati 
 newspapers. During the Civil War he served 
 as correspondent for the New York Tribune. 
 In May, 1863, he was captured by Con- 
 federate troops and imprisoned. For a year 
 and a half he was held in various Southern 
 prisons, until he escaped in 1864. This ex- 
 perience is the subject matter of his Four 
 Years in Secessia. After the war he was 
 associated with the New York Tribune and 
 the Times; he also wrote numerous maga- 
 zine articles. His death occurred in New 
 York City. 
 Four Years in Secessia . . . , Hartford, 
 
 Conn., 1865. 
 The Great Metropolis; A Mirror of New 
 
 York . . . , Hartford, Conn., 1869. 
 Sights and Sensations in Europe . . . , Hart- 
 ford, Conn., 1871. 
 
 BROWNING, CHARLES HENRY (Aug. 5, 
 1846-June, 1926), genealogist, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After op- 
 erating a coal mining and shipping company 
 in Covington, Ky., he moved to Philadel- 
 phia in 1873. He was Philadelphia corre- 
 spondent for the New York Herald for 45 
 years. He published elaborate genealogical 
 works, notably Americans of Royal Descent 
 . . . , which was first published in 1883 and 
 subsequently appeared in numerous new edi- 
 tions. He also published Welsh Settlement 
 in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1912. WWW 
 1 
 
 BROWNLEE, JANE A. (1851-Dec. 27, 
 1941), educator, was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County. She served as principal of Lagrange 
 School in Toledo for many years before 
 retiring in 1906. While she served in this 
 capacity, some of her ideas on character 
 building in public schools won wide rec- 
 ognition. Her death occurred in San Diego, 
 Calif. Her books on educational topics in- 
 clude Character Building in School, New 
 York, [1912]. 
 
 BROWNLOW, WILLIAM GANNAWAY 
 
 (Aug. 29, 1805-April 29, 1877), journalist, 
 
 politician, and clergyman of Tennessee, 
 spent a short time in Ohio. Arrested and 
 expelled from the Confederacy in the spring 
 of 1862 for his Unionist activities, he came 
 to Ohio to recover his health. While re- 
 cuperating, he wrote Sketches of the Rise, 
 Progress, and Decline of Secession; With a 
 Narrative of Personal Adventures among 
 the Rebels, Philadelphia, 1862. 
 
 BRUCE, MARY LELIA HOGE, was born 
 
 in Dungannon, Va., and has lived in Cin- 
 cinnati since 1925. A graduate of George 
 Washington University, she has published 
 articles and poems in various periodicals 
 and has been active in the Cincinnati Wom- 
 an's Press Club and other literary organiza- 
 tions. She has also published a collection 
 of verse: This High Hour, Cincinnati, 1950. 
 
 BRUCKER, MARGARETTA (Dec. 27, 
 1883-Nov. 11, 1958), was born in Saginaw, 
 Mich., and was brought to Shelby when she 
 was six months old. She later spent her 
 summers in Harbor Springs, Mich., and 
 her winters in Shelby and Akron. She died 
 at the age of 74. She wrote a number of 
 popular novels, both juveniles and mys- 
 teries, e.g., Sue Ellen, New York, [1941]; 
 Poison Party, New York, [1938]. 
 
 BRUDNO, EZRA SELIG (June 5, 1878- 
 Dec. 12, 1954), lawyer, was born in Lithu- 
 ania. He attended Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, 1896-97, and Yale University, 
 1898-1900. He practiced law in Cleveland, 
 1900-49. He wrote a number of books, e.g., 
 The Tether, Philadelphia, 1908. WW 21 
 
 BRUHL, GUSTAVUS (May 31, 1829-Feb. 
 16, 1903), physician and archaeologist, was 
 born in Herdorf, Prussia. He studied medi- 
 cine, philosophy, and history in European 
 universities and in 1848 came to America, 
 intending to join an uncle in Missouri. Low 
 water in the Ohio River compelled him to 
 stop over in Cincinnati, where he decided 
 to remain permanently and practice medi- 
 cine. A successful doctor, he was also ac- 
 tive in the cultural and civic life of the 
 community. He published numerous sci- 
 entific articles in medical journals. His 
 study of American archaeology led him 
 to travel in the western United States, Cen- 
 tral America, South America, and Mexico 
 and resulted in lectures, articles, and books. 
 Under the pen name Kara Giorg (Serbian 
 for Black George), he contributed consider- 
 able poetry to the monthly magazine pub- 
 lished in Cincinnati, Der Deutsche Pionier. 
 The subjects were usually nature, Indians, 
 or German pioneers in the American col- 
 onies. 
 
85 
 
 Buchanan, J. J. 
 
 Poesien des Urwalds, New York, 1871. 
 
 Die Culturvolker Alt-Amerika's, 4 vols., 
 New York, 1875-87. 
 
 Aztlan-Chicomoztoc . . . , New York, 1879. 
 
 Charlotte: Eine Episode aus dc Colo- 
 nialgeschichte Louisianas, Cincinnati, 1883. 
 
 Zwischen Alaska and Feuerland . . . , Ber- 
 lin, 1896. 
 
 Abendblocken, Chicago, [1897]. 
 
 Standerbeg, Cincinnati, 1903. 
 
 BRUNSON, ALFRED (Feb. 9, 1793-Aug. 3, 
 1882), clergyman, was born in Danbury, 
 Conn. Converted to Methodism at an early 
 age, he moved to a farm in Trumbull 
 County in 1812. He preached in the West- 
 ern Reserve and in northwestern Pennsyl- 
 vania before moving farther west. He died 
 in Prairie du Chien, Wis. 
 Prairie du Chien . . . , Milwaukee, 1857. 
 A Western Pioneer . . . , Cincinnati, 1872. 
 
 BRUSH, ALBERT MOOREHEAD (Jan. 2, 
 1897-Dec. 16, 1954), was born in Zanes- 
 ville, Muskingum County, the son of Ed- 
 mund Cone Brush (q.v.). He attended 
 Zanesville schools, Cincinnati Dramatic 
 School, and Muskingum College. An antique 
 dealer specializing in Japanese and French 
 prints, he lived in New York, Paris, and 
 Los Angeles. He published a volume of 
 poems: The Waxen Leaf, Mill Valley, Calif., 
 1938. 
 
 BRUSH, DOROTHY HAMILTON (March 
 14, 1894- ), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. After attending Hatha- 
 way-Brown School, Cleveland, she gradu- 
 ated from Smith College in 1917. A founder 
 of the Cleveland Maternal Health Associa- 
 tion, she has been active in working for 
 eugenics and birth control and is at pres- 
 ent field advisor for the International 
 Planned Parenthood Federation. She is also 
 president of the Brush Foundation, Cleve- 
 land. She has written numerous articles and 
 book reviews and several plays, e.g., a play 
 about Pueblo Indians: The Poor Little 
 Turkey Girl . . . , New York, [1928]. 
 
 BRUSH, EDMUND CONE (Oct. 22, 1852- 
 ? ), physician, was born in Zanesville, Mus- 
 kingum County. He graduated from Star- 
 ling Medical College, in 1875. He practiced 
 in Perry County and after 1884 in Zanes- 
 ville. He contributed many articles to pro- 
 fessional publications and wrote a useful 
 pamphlet on first aid. 
 
 How to Care for the Injured, Zanesville, 
 [1888]. 
 
 BRUSH, KATHERINE INGHAM (Aug. 15, 
 1902-June 10, 1952), was born in Middle- 
 
 town, Conn. From 1920 to 1927, while mar- 
 ried to Thomas Stewart Brush, she lived in 
 East Liverpool. During her Ohio years, she 
 began selling short stories, most of them to 
 College Humor, and published her first 
 book: Glitter, New York, 1926. TCA 
 
 BRYAN, JENNIE MOORE (July 10, 1854- 
 June 7, 1931), educator, was born in Bata- 
 via, Clermont County. After attending the 
 Batavia schools, she studied at Columbia 
 University and the Sorbonne. She taught in 
 the schools of Batavia, Madisonville, and 
 Mount Washington until her retirement in 
 1914. She died in Cincinnati at the age of 
 77. She published a volume of poems: High 
 Tower, Cincinnati, [1929]. 
 
 BRYAN, JOHN (Aug. 18, 1853-Dec. 9, 
 1918), was born in Auglaize County. Ac- 
 cording to legend, while traveling in Europe 
 as a young man he fell in love with a 
 young Swiss girl, and when his suit proved 
 unsuccessful, he declared himself an un- 
 believer. He entered business in Cincinnati, 
 owned a physician's supply house which 
 produced a highly popular brand of soap, 
 and patented a number of inventions. In 
 1893 he purchased a 500-acre estate in 
 Greene County, where he erected a huge 
 barn that he proclaimed to be larger than 
 Solomon's temple. Calling himself "the sage 
 of Riverside," he expressed his opinions, 
 most of them iconoclastic, very freely. He 
 opposed American participation in World 
 War I and was a determined opponent of 
 organized religion. After his death it was 
 found that his will left Riverside Farm to 
 Greene County or to the State of Ohio, pro- 
 vided no religious worship be permitted 
 there. The county promptly refused the be- 
 quest; the legislature followed suit but later 
 reversed its decision and accepted the tract, 
 now John Bryan Park, as a game preserve 
 and park. 
 Fables and Essays, New York, 1895. 
 
 BRYANT, LORINDA MUNSON (March 21, 
 1855-Dec. 13, 1931), was born in Gran- 
 ville, Licking County. She studied at Gran- 
 ville Female College, Chicago College of 
 Pharmacy, Denison University, and Cornell 
 University. In 1877 she became the first 
 woman registered pharmacist in Ohio. In 
 1905, after fifteen years of teaching school 
 in New Jersey, she devoted her time to 
 writing and turned out a great many books 
 for children, e.g., American Painters and 
 Their Pictures, New York, 1917. WWW 1 
 
 BUCHANAN, JOHN JENKINS (1855-Aug. 
 24, 1937), physician, was born in Wells- 
 ville, Columbiana County. He graduated 
 
Buchanan, J. R. 
 
 86 
 
 from Western University of Pennsylvania 
 in 1877 and the University of Pennsylvania 
 Medical School in 1881. He afterward 
 practiced in Pittsburgh and taught at the 
 University of Pittsburgh Medical School. He 
 wrote a travel book, Take Your Own Car 
 Abroad and Find Your Own Europe . . . , 
 Pittsburgh, [1930]. WWW 1 
 
 BUCHANAN, JOSEPH RODES (Dec. 11, 
 1814-Dec. 26, 1899), was born in Frank- 
 fort, Ky. He was the son of that versatile 
 genius Joseph Buchanan, who has been re- 
 ferred to as the earliest native physiological 
 psychologist and who founded Cincinnati's 
 first purely literary periodical, The Literary 
 Cadet, in 1819. He was the earliest expo- 
 nent of the Pestalozzian system of educa- 
 tion in the Ohio Valley. With such a father 
 it is hardly surprising that the boy was an 
 infant prodigy. Before he was twelve years 
 old, he had "mastered the outlines of gram- 
 mar, geography, history, mathematics, as- 
 tronomy, chemistry, natural philosophy, 
 mental philosophy, political economy," and 
 was dipping into Blackstone's Commen- 
 taries. After his father died in 1829, he 
 earned his living as a printer and later as a 
 teacher. Believing that "every individual 
 aspiring to a liberal education should at- 
 tend a course of lectures in a medical col- 
 lege," he entered Transylvania University 
 in 1834. Here he acquired a deep-seated in- 
 terest in phrenology and cerebral physiol- 
 ogy. His studies were interrupted by lecture 
 tours in the South, where he conducted ex- 
 periments in phrenology. He received his 
 M.D. degree at Louisville Medical Institute 
 in 1841. A year later he issued his basic 
 work, Sketches of Buchanan's Discoveries 
 in Neurology. He claimed to have devel- 
 oped two sciences — psychometry and sar- 
 cognomy — to a point where the trained 
 psychometer could diagnose any disease at 
 sight, while the sarcognomist could heal all 
 diseases by making passes over the body. 
 A brilliant speaker, he made several lecture 
 tours which attracted large crowds. Trucu- 
 lent and opinionated, he joined the faculty 
 of the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincin- 
 nati in 1846 and became a dominant figure 
 in the turbulent history of that institution. 
 He was forced out in 1856 and opened a 
 rival institution, the Eclectic College of 
 Medicine. From 1849 to 1856 he published 
 and edited The Journal of Man. a well 
 printed and ably edited monthly in which 
 he promulgated his extraordinary views. At 
 loggerheads with his colleagues at the Ec- 
 lectic College of Medicine, he resigned and 
 moved to Louisville, Ky., where in 1863 he 
 was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress 
 
 on the Copperhead ticket. There followed 
 an interlude during which he was engaged 
 in the manufacture of salt at Syracuse, 
 N. Y., and then in 1867 he became profes- 
 sor of physiology at the Eclectic Medical 
 College in New York City. He resigned in 
 1881 and went to Boston, where he es- 
 tablished his own school of therapeutics and 
 published a new series of The Journal of 
 Man, 1887-90. In failing health he moved 
 to San Jose, Calif., to spend the remainder 
 of his life. Besides the titles below, some of 
 his separate lectures were published in 
 pamphlet form. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Sketches of Buchanan's Discoveries in Neu- 
 rology, Louisville, Ky., 1842. 
 Report of Three Lectures in Defense of 
 
 Neurology .... Cincinnati, 1848. 
 Eclecticism and Exclusivism, Cincinnati, 
 
 1851. 
 Outlines of Lectures on the Neurological 
 System of Anthropology . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1854. 
 Manual of Psychometry: The Dawn of a 
 
 New Civilization, Cincinnati, 1855. 
 Moral Education: Its Laws and Methods 
 
 . . . , New York, [1882]. 
 Periodicity: The Absolute Law of the En- 
 tire Universe, San Jose, Calif., 1897. 
 Primitive Christianity . . . , 2 vols., San 
 Jose, Calif., 1898. 
 
 BUCHANAN, ROBERT (Jan. 15, 1797- 
 April 23, 1879), born in western Pennsyl- 
 vania, was educated at Meadville Academy, 
 and taught there for a time. In 1820 he 
 came to Cincinnati, where he established 
 himself as a grocer and pork packer. He 
 also opened a cotton factory and invested 
 in river steamboats. He was a director of 
 several insurance companies and was an 
 official in Cincinnati banks. As a hobby he 
 experimented with grape culture and wrote 
 newspaper articles on horticulture. The sec- 
 ond edition of the book below contains an 
 appendix by Nicholas Longworth (q.v.) on 
 the cultivation of the strawberry. 
 A Treatise on the Cultivation of the Grape 
 in Vineyards, Cincinnati, 1850. 
 
 BUCK, JIRAH DEWEY (Nov. 4, 1838-Dec. 
 13, 1916), physician, was born in Fredonia, 
 N. Y. In 1864 he graduated from Cleveland 
 Homeopathic College, and from 1866 to 
 1871 he served on the faculty. He then 
 moved to Cincinnati, where he called a 
 meeting of doctors that led to the organiza- 
 tion of Pulte Medical College. He taught 
 there, 1872-80, and in 1880 he became 
 dean. He lectured widely on Masonry, psy- 
 chology, hypnotism, Christian Science, and 
 
87 
 
 Bunker 
 
 New Thought. His death occurred in Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 The Perfect Man Is the Anthropomorphic 
 God . . . , [Chicago, 1888]. 
 
 The Nature and Aim of Theosophy, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1889. 
 
 A Study of Man and the Way to Health, 
 Cincinnati, 1889. 
 
 Mystic Masonry . . . , Cincinnati, 1896. 
 
 Browning's Paracelsus and Other Essays, 
 Cincinnati, 1897. 
 
 The Crusade of Freemasonry . . . , Chicago, 
 1907. 
 
 Constructive Psychology; Or, the Building 
 of Character by Personal Effort, Chicago, 
 1908. 
 
 The Lost Word Found in the Great Work 
 (Magnum Opus), Chicago, 1908. 
 
 The New Avatar and the Destiny of the 
 Soul . . . , Cincinnati, 1911. 
 
 The Soul and Sex in Education, Morals, 
 Religion, and Adolescence . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1912. 
 
 Modern World Movements; Theosophy and 
 the School of Natural Science . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1913. 
 
 BUCK, PAUL HERMAN (Aug. 25, 1899- 
 ), educator, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University in 1921 and Harvard Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1935. He joined the his- 
 tory faculty at Harvard in 1926, became 
 dean in 1942, provost in 1945, and since 
 1955 has been director of libraries. He re- 
 ceived the Pulitzer Prize in history in 1938 
 for The Road to Reunion, 1865-1900, Bos- 
 ton, 1937. WW 30 
 
 faculty, 1919-46. He died in Columbus. 
 He wrote The Spirit of the American Lu- 
 theran Church, Columbus, 1940. WWW 3 
 
 BUGBEE, LUCIUS HATFIELD (April 29, 
 1874-Feb. 22, 1948), clergyman, was born 
 in Glendale, Hamilton County. He grad- 
 uated from Boston University (A.B., 1897; 
 S.T.B., 1899). After his ordination he 
 served pastorates in several states and 
 served on editorial boards of the Methodist 
 Church. His writings include Living Lead- 
 ers, Judged by Christian Standards, New 
 York, [1923]. WWW 2 
 
 BULKLEY, LORENZO HILL (Nov. 24, 
 1856-Feb. 20, 1949), was born in West 
 Groton, N. Y. He became a book agent in 
 Cincinnati in 1880, and in 1888 he moved 
 to Columbus. He was a salesman for Amer- 
 ican Art Works, Coshocton, for 35 years. 
 Known as the "salesman poet," he lectured 
 widely and published several books, e.g., In 
 Tune with Time, New York, [1945]. 
 
 BULLARD, FREDERIC LAURISTON (May 
 13, 1866-Aug. 3, 1952), journalist, was 
 born in Wauseon, Fulton County. He grad- 
 uated from the University of Wooster in 
 1891 and Yale Divinity School in 1903. 
 After ten years in the Presbyterian and Con- 
 gregational ministry, he entered journalism. 
 From 1907 to 1943 he was with the Bos- 
 ton Herald. He won the Pulitzer Prize for 
 editorials in 1926. In addition to numerous 
 articles and pamphlets on Abraham Lin- 
 coln, he wrote Famous War Correspond- 
 ents, Boston, 1914. WWW 3 
 
 BUCKMASTER, HENRIETTA. Pseud. See 
 Henrietta Henkle. 
 
 BUDGETT, FRANCES ELIZABETH JANES 
 
 (c.l873-Feb. 5, 1928), was born in New 
 Philadelphia, Tuscarawas County. She was 
 educated in private schools and at the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan. She lived in Japan, Eu- 
 rope, and various parts of the United States. 
 She published short stories and novelettes 
 in various magazines and also published 
 several books under the pen name of Eliza- 
 beth DeJeans, e.g., The Winning Chance, 
 Philadelphia, 1909. 
 
 BUEHRING, PAUL HENRY (July 5, 1880- 
 Aug. 16, 1958), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Elkhorn, Wis. He graduated 
 from Wartburg College, Iowa, in 1898 and 
 Lutheran Seminary, Columbus, in 1905. 
 He served as a pastor in St. Mary's, 1905- 
 11, was a teacher in Nebraska, 1911-19, 
 and was a member of the Capital Seminary 
 
 BUNDY, ROY DALTON (May 12, 1887- 
 ), educator, born in Carthage, 111., has 
 lived in Cleveland since 1924. He was as- 
 sociated with the Cleveland public schools 
 until his retirement in 1957. After 1946 he 
 was supervisor of vocational education. He 
 has written a number of books and pam- 
 phlets, most of them related to industrial 
 and educational questions, e.g., Collective 
 Bargaining, New York, 1937. RC 27 
 
 BUNKER, JOHN JOSEPH LEO (April 11, 
 1884- ), was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County. After graduating from Xavier 
 University in 1905, he was engaged in the 
 real-estate business and advertising in Cin- 
 cinnati. He conducted his own advertising 
 agency, 1925-48. He has published verse 
 and prose in many national periodicals and 
 has compiled several anthologies of Cath- 
 olic literature. He has also published a col- 
 lection of poems: Shining Fields and Dark 
 Towers, New York, 1919. CWW 9 
 
Buntline 
 
 88 
 
 BUNTLINE, NED. Pseud. See Edward Z. C. 
 Judson. 
 
 BUNTS, FRANK EMORY (June 3, 1861- 
 Nov. 28, 1928), surgeon, was born in 
 Youngstown, Mahoning County. He grad- 
 uated from U. S. Naval Academy in 1881, 
 after which he served two years in the 
 navy. He then undertook the study of med- 
 icine and graduated from Western Reserve 
 Medical College in 1886; seven years later 
 he became professor of surgery in the same 
 institution. He published a collection, The 
 Soul of Henry Harrington, and Other 
 Stories, Cleveland, 1916. WWW 1 
 
 BURBA, GEORGE FRANCIS (May 4, 1865- 
 Aug. 6, 1920), editor, was born in Hodgen- 
 ville, Ky. Though educated as a lawyer, he 
 never practiced. From 1901 until his death, 
 which occurred in Columbus, he edited 
 newspapers in Springfield, Dayton, and Co- 
 lumbus. He wrote Our Bird Friends . . . , 
 New York, 1908. WWW 1 
 
 BURDETTE, ROBERT JONES (July 30, 
 1844-Nov. 19, 1914), journalist, humorous 
 lecturer, and clergyman, was born in 
 Greensboro, Pa., but spent a part of his 
 boyhood in Ohio. His parents later took 
 him to Peoria, 111., where he grew up. 
 Known as the "Hawkeye Man," he was pop- 
 ular as a lecturer and journalist. In 1888 
 he became a Baptist preacher. He pub- 
 lished several books, e.g., Hawk-eyes, New 
 York, 1879. 
 
 BURGESS, PERRY (Oct. 12, 1886- ), 
 born in Joplin, Mo., has lived for a num- 
 ber of years at Geneva-on-the-Lake. His 
 work in the medical campaign against lep- 
 rosy furnished material for a novel, Who 
 Walk Alone, New York, [1940]. WW 30 
 
 BURGHEIM, MAX (Aug. 23, 1848-April 8, 
 1918), was born at Minden on the Weser, 
 Germany. In 1863 he came to Cincinnati, 
 where he opened a bookstore. He served in 
 the army during the Civil War. In 1890 he 
 acquired the Cincinnati Freie Press and the 
 Abend Presse. He became police commis- 
 sioner of Cincinnati in 1899 and later served 
 as president of the Board of Public Service. 
 Der Fiihrer von Cincinnati. Fin Vollstan- 
 diger und Zuverlassiger Wegweiser durch 
 die Stadt und Ihre Umgebung . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, [1875]. 
 Reiseskizzen aus Europa, Cincinnati, [1883]. 
 Cincinnati in Wort und Bild . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, [1888]. 
 Die Katholischen Kirchen, Kloster, Insti- 
 tute und Wohlthdtigkeits . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [1890]. 
 
 BURKETT, CHARLES WILLIAM (Jan. 3, 
 1873- ), agriculturist, was born in 
 Thornville, Perry County. After graduating 
 from Ohio University in 1895, he taught 
 agriculture in several universities, edited 
 The American Agriculturist, 1908-22, and 
 was on the editorial staff of the McFadden 
 Book Company, 1923-32. He lectured often 
 to farmers' institutes and published a num- 
 ber of agriculture textbooks. He now lives 
 in Miami Beach, Fla. 
 History of Ohio Agriculture . . . , Concord, 
 
 N. H., 1900. 
 Between Two Lives; A Drama of the Pass- 
 ing of the Old and the Coming of the 
 New in Rural Life, New York, 1914. 
 
 BURKHARDT, FRANKLIN ALPHUS (Dec. 
 29, 1872-Dec. 5, 1945), was born near 
 Lima, Allen County. His writings, which 
 consist mainly of genealogical works, in- 
 clude a biography: Pioneer Days of George 
 H. A. Burkhardt, [Los Angeles], 1935. 
 
 BURKHART, ROY ABRAM (Aug. 28, 
 1895- ), clergyman, was born in New- 
 ville, Pa. He graduated from Otterbein Col- 
 lege and the University of Chicago (MA., 
 Ph.D.). He was director of youth work for 
 the United Brethren and Evangelical 
 churches of Dayton, 1923-27, was ordained 
 to the ministry of the Congregational Chris- 
 tian Church in 1929, and was minister of 
 the First Community Church, Columbus, 
 1935-58. As a minister he devoted much 
 of his attention to pastoral counseling, and 
 he has written articles and books related 
 to various phases of this subject, e.g., 
 Thinking about Marriage, New York, 1934. 
 WW 30 
 
 BURNELL, WILLIAM PERCIVAL (Jan. 19, 
 1857- ? ), clergyman, was born in Bridgton, 
 Maine. After attending St. Lawrence Col- 
 lege, he was ordained a Universalist min- 
 ister in Cleveland in 1874. He preached in 
 Cleveland, Clyde, and Margaretta in Ohio 
 and also served churches in other states. He 
 spent two years as a canvasser for Buchtel 
 College, an experience that was the sub- 
 ject of his book, which was published 
 anonymously. 
 
 Recollections of a College Beggar, Cleve- 
 land, 1882. 
 
 BURNET, FRANK DANA (July 3, 1888- 
 ), great-grandson of Judge Jacob Bur- 
 net (q.v.), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. He attended public schools in 
 Cincinnati and graduated from Cornell 
 University in 1911. He afterward was on 
 the staff of the New York Evening Sun and 
 
89 
 
 Burnett, A. 
 
 Life. He wrote for various magazines and 
 also wrote some movie scenarios. He now 
 lives in Stonington, Conn. His numerous 
 books include a volume of verse, Poems, 
 New York, [1915], and several plays, e.g., 
 // Is a Strange House, Boston, 1925. WW 19 
 
 BURNET, JACOB (Feb. 22, 1770-May 10, 
 1853), born in Newark, N. J., was the son 
 of William Burnet, member of the Continen- 
 tal Congress. After graduating from Prince- 
 ton College in 1791, he studied law and was 
 admitted to the bar. He arrived at the 
 frontier settlement of Cincinnati in 1796. 
 He was one of the three judges appointed 
 to hold court in Cincinnati, Vincennes, and 
 Detroit, and was a member of the terri- 
 torial councils, 1799-1802. After the or- 
 ganization of the state government in 1803 
 he was called upon to play a leading role 
 in shaping the basic laws in the Ohio code. 
 He was a member of the state legislature, 
 1812-16, and he was a judge of the Su- 
 preme Court of Ohio from 1821 to 1828, 
 when he resigned in order to fill the vacancy 
 in the U. S. Senate caused by the resigna- 
 tion of William Henry Harrison. He was 
 not a candidate for renomination upon the 
 expiration of his term in 1831. In this year 
 the legislature of Kentucky elected him one 
 of the commissioners to settle its territorial 
 disputes with Virginia. The last notable act 
 of his political career was his speech at the 
 Harrisburg Convention in 1839 which nom- 
 inated William Henry Harrison for the 
 Presidency. The speech was published in 
 pamphlet form. He was one of the found- 
 ers of the Cincinnati College, served as its 
 first president, and in many other ways took 
 a leading part in the intellectual and social 
 movements of Cincinnati. In 1837 at the 
 insistence of his niece's husband, John Dela- 
 field (q.v.), he wrote a series of letters 
 relating to the early settlement of the 
 Northwestern Territory, which appeared in 
 the Transactions of the Historical and Phil- 
 osophical Society of Ohio in 1839. These 
 he enlarged and published as Notes on the 
 Early Settlement of the North-western Ter- 
 ritory in 1847 — an autobiographical sketch 
 upon which the aged judge draped his in- 
 formative reminiscences of incidents relat- 
 ing to the early settlement of the Territory. 
 It remains one of the most important 
 sources for the period covered. His death 
 occurred in Cincinnati. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Notes on the Early Settlement of the North- 
 western Territory, Cincinnati, 1847. 
 
 BURNET, WHITTIER (Jan. 27, 1876-Jan. 
 30, 1945), educator, was born on a farm 
 
 near Lytle, Warren County. After gradu- 
 ating from Waynesville High School, he at- 
 tended Ohio State University and the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati. He taught in county 
 schools, at Ohio State, and at Oklahoma 
 A. and M. College. He died in Seymour, 
 Mo., where he spent his last years. His short 
 stories appeared in various periodicals, and 
 he also published a collection of verse: 
 Trail of Song, [n.p.], 1937. 
 
 BURNETT, ALFRED (Nov. 2, 1824-April 
 4, 1884), confectioner, poet, monologist, 
 tragedian, journalist, was born in Bungay, 
 Suffolk, England. The versatile "Alf" Bur- 
 nett was one of the most colorful and pop- 
 ular characters of ante-bellum Cincinnati. 
 When he was but four years old, he was 
 sent to New York to live with an aunt, the 
 mother of General Ward B. Burnett. In 
 1832 he was put in an academy at Utica, 
 N. Y., where he remained until 1836, when 
 he was taken from school and sent to Cin- 
 cinnati. Within a very few years he was 
 proprietor of a confectionery business so 
 successful that it allowed him leisure to 
 dabble in amateur theatricals and to take 
 a somewhat militant part in the antislavery 
 movement. He seems to have been the only 
 victim of the "Scanlon Mob" of 1843. It 
 was Burnett who supplied the arms to 
 householders who stood off the mob trying 
 to catch a ten-year-old slave girl, with the 
 result that his own house was stoned. He 
 collected the stones in barrels and passed 
 them out in later years as "proslavery" ar- 
 guments. He was already contributing comic 
 verse to local newspapers under the pen 
 name "Squibs" and touring in nearby states 
 giving his popular monologues. He made 
 his debut as Hamlet in the American 
 Theatre in Cincinnati in 1849. In 1850 he 
 became editor of the Warning Bell, a liter- 
 ary magazine which he founded in partner- 
 ship with Enos B. Reed, but which was 
 soon suspended because of a European tour. 
 According to Reed, who later served as his 
 manager, this tour was undertaken at the 
 suggestion of Edwin Forrest. The two men 
 later started the Cincinnati Home Journal. 
 Burnett was the author of several songs 
 which became popular. Although he seems 
 to have given more and more of his time to 
 the stage, his Cincinnati business was not 
 neglected, and by 1860 he was operating 
 three confectionery establishments in that 
 city. At the commencement of the Civil 
 War he joined the 6th O.V.I, and served as 
 a sergeant throughout the campaign in West 
 Virginia. He was subsequently engaged as 
 a war correspondent by several Cincinnati 
 papers. His letters from the front enjoyed 
 
Burnett, C. C. 
 
 90 
 
 considerable popularity, and a number of 
 them were published in Incidents of the 
 War. Coggeshall credits Burnett with hav- 
 ing published "a little volume of poems and 
 recitations" in 1859, but no record of it can 
 be found. He made a number of profes- 
 sional tours in the Middle West after the 
 war, and for a time he was employed by a 
 press association. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Magnetism Made Easy; Or, Instructions in 
 Magnetism for the Many, Cincinnati, 
 1847. 
 Incidents of the War; Humorous, Pathetic 
 
 and Descriptive, Cincinnati, 1863. 
 Alf. Burnett's Comic Faces, Facially Il- 
 lustrated, Intermingled with Poetic Gems, 
 Cincinnati, [1867]. 
 
 BURNETT, CHARLES C. (April 21, 1843- 
 Sept. 1, 1898), was born on a farm near 
 Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga County. While he 
 was a boy, his parents moved to Vincennes, 
 Ind. He enlisted in an Indiana regiment in 
 1861 and was discharged for disability two 
 years later after recovering from typhoid 
 fever. He returned to Ohio in 1869, manu- 
 factured cane chairs in Toledo for a short 
 time, and in 1870 became a lumber dealer 
 in Cleveland. The book below was pub- 
 lished under the pen name Ash Slivers. He 
 is said to have written a book about the 
 Hawaiian Islands, but no copy has been 
 located. 
 
 The Land of the O O. Facts, Figures, 
 
 Fables and Fancies, Cleveland, 1892. 
 
 BURNETT, DAVID STAATS (July 6, 1808- 
 July 8, 1867), clergyman, was born in Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. He became the 
 first pastor of the Baptist Church in Dayton 
 in 1827. He was converted to the teachings 
 of Alexander Campbell in 1829; his church 
 became a Campbellite organization, only a 
 few of the old members refusing to stay. 
 He wrote a number of articles for various 
 church publications. His death occurred in 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 
 The Pastorate, Cincinnati, [n.d.]. 
 The Poverty of Jesus, the Wealth of the 
 Saints, Cincinnati, [n.d.]. 
 
 BURNETT, HENRY LAWRENCE (Dec. 26, 
 1838-Jan. 4, 1916), lawyer, was born in 
 Youngstown, Mahoning County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio State National Law School 
 in 1859. At the outbreak of the Civil War 
 he joined the 2nd Ohio Cavalry, saw active 
 service, and in 1863 was appointed major 
 in the judge advocate department and as- 
 signed to the Department of Ohio. At the 
 
 request of Governor Morton of Indiana he 
 was sent to that state in 1864 to prosecute 
 the members of the subversive Knights of 
 the Golden Circle. He took part in other 
 treason trials and was associated with John 
 A. Bingham in the prosecution of the as- 
 sassins of Lincoln. Some of his legal argu- 
 ments were published. After the war he 
 practiced law in Cincinnati until 1872, when 
 he moved to New York, where he acquired 
 an outstanding reputation as an advocate. 
 McKinley appointed him federal district at- 
 torney for the southern district of New 
 York in 1898, and on the completion of his 
 four-year term he was reappointed by 
 Roosevelt. 
 Some Incidents in the Trial of President 
 
 Lincoln's Assassins . . . , New York, 
 
 1891. 
 
 BURNETT, WILLIAM RILEY (Nov. 25, 
 1899- ), was born in Springfield, Clark 
 County, the son of a veterinary. He also 
 lived in Dayton and Columbus. He attended 
 public schools in Springfield, Dayton, and 
 Columbus and Miami Military Institute, 
 Germantown. He attended Ohio State Uni- 
 versity in 1919, was an insurance salesman, 
 and worked for six years in the Depart- 
 ment of Industrial Relations. During this 
 period he wrote constantly, but sold none 
 of his writings for the first eight years. He 
 has never surpassed the success of his first 
 novel: Little Caesar, New York, 1929, the 
 first realistic gangster novel and the basis 
 of a notable motion picture. Several of his 
 subsequent novels have been made into mo- 
 tion pictures, and he has written numerous 
 movie scripts. His home is in southern Cali- 
 fornia. Of his many books, some with an 
 Ohio setting are Goodbye to the Past . . . , 
 New York, 1934, The Goodhues of Sinking 
 Creek, New York, 1934, King Cole, New 
 York, 1936. ANT 
 
 BURNS, JAMES JESSE (Oct. 26, 1838- 
 1911). educator, was born in Brownsville, 
 Licking County. He began teaching in 
 Titusville on the Ohio River in 1857. The 
 next year he was principal of an academy 
 in Natchez, Miss., and also read law. After 
 returning to Ohio he served as a principal 
 and superintendent in a number of cities 
 and also was state commissioner of com- 
 mon schools, 1877-80. He wrote several 
 textbooks. His death occurred in Defiance. 
 Our Schools and School Systems, [n.p.], 
 
 1878. 
 The Story of English Kings, According to 
 
 Shakespeare, New York, 1899. 
 Educational History of Ohio . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1905. 
 
91 
 
 Burt, P. H. 
 
 BURNS, WILLIAM JOHN (Oct. 19, 1861- 
 April 14, 1932), detective, was born in 
 Baltimore, Md. When he was a child, his 
 parents moved to Zanesville and soon after- 
 ward to Columbus. His father, a tailor, was 
 named Columbus police commissioner; Wil- 
 liam assisted him in his investigations. He 
 won considerable attention by clearing up 
 an election fraud case in 1885 and four 
 years later joined the U. S. Secret Service. 
 In 1909 he founded the William J. Burns 
 Detective Agency in New York City. He 
 resigned as president of the agency in 1921 
 to become head of the F.B.I. , a position he 
 held until 1924. He died in Sarasota, Fla. 
 The best-known detective of his generation, 
 he wrote a novel in collaboration with 
 Isabel Ostrander: The Crevice, New York, 
 [1915], and several books on his detective 
 work, e.g., Stories of Check Raisers . . . , 
 Chicago, [1923]. DAB 21 
 
 BURR, ARIL BOND (Oct. 23, 1880-Dec. 
 29, 1955), was born in Shelby City, Ky., 
 but lived most of his life in Cincinnati. He 
 was for many years postmaster in East End 
 station, Cincinnati. He wrote a novel based 
 on his memories of early life in Kentucky: 
 Panther Rock, Cincinnati, [1931]. 
 
 BURRELL, GEORGE ARTHUR (Jan. 23, 
 1882-Aug. 16, 1957), engineer, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. A gradu- 
 ate of Ohio State University, he was a 
 chemist with the U. S. Geological Survey, 
 1904-08, and did research for the U. S. 
 Bureau of Mines, 1908-16. After World 
 War I, in which he served as a colonel, he 
 was an executive of several refining com- 
 panies. He wrote a number of technical 
 articles and books. He spent a year in 
 Russia, when he was engaged by the Rus- 
 sian government to modernize the natural 
 gas industry, and wrote An American En- 
 gineer Looks at Russia, Boston, [1932]. 
 WWW 3 
 
 BURRIS, MARCUS LINDSAY (March 9, 
 1872-May 26, 1934), educator, was born 
 on a farm near Catlettsburg, Ky. He grad- 
 uated from Hiram College in 1896 and 
 afterward lived in Ohio from 1911 until 
 his death. He was for many years a teacher 
 at South High School, Youngstown. His 
 poems were published in various periodi- 
 cals, and he also published a collection: 
 The Run of the Mine, New York, [1931]. 
 
 BURROWS, MILLAR (Oct. 26, 1889- ), 
 educator and clergyman, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Cornell University in 1912, Union 
 
 Theological Seminary in 1915, and Yale 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1925. He served on 
 the faculties of Tusculum College, 1920- 
 23, and Brown University, 1925-29, and 
 began teaching at Yale in 1934. He has 
 published numerous magazine articles and 
 books on religious subjects, e.g., Palestine 
 Is Our Business, Philadelphia, [1949]. WW 
 30 
 
 BURSON, WILLIAM (Nov. 24, 1833-Jan. 
 16, 1880), was born in Salineville, Colum- 
 biana County. A farmer and a carpenter, 
 he was residing in Wellsburgh at the be- 
 ginning of the Civil War. He was a mem- 
 ber of Company A, 32nd O.V.I., at the 
 time of his capture in the movements near 
 Atlanta. Among narratives of personal ad- 
 venture in the Civil War his little book as- 
 sumes highest rank. Ryan refers to it as an 
 account of adventures which would make 
 fiction pale, while Coulter rates it as a val- 
 uable account of travel in the Confederacy. 
 A Race for Liberty; Or, My Capture, Im- 
 prisonment, and Escape, Wellsville, 1867. 
 
 BURSTEIN, ABRAHAM (Oct. 25, 1893- 
 ), rabbi, was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. He graduated from Columbia 
 University in 1913 and became a rabbi in 
 1923. Since 1923 he has served in New 
 York City, where he has also edited a 
 number of Jewish magazines. He has pub- 
 lished many plays, stories, and biographies, 
 e.g., The Boy Called Rashi, New York, 
 1940. BDCP 
 
 BURT, JOHN STRUTHERS June 25, 1880- 
 ), educator, was born in Struthers, 
 Mahoning County. He attended Westmin- 
 ster College and Princeton University, 
 served in World War I, and taught at 
 Rayen High School, Youngstown, 1924^44. 
 In 1944 he moved to Phoenix, Ariz., where 
 he now lives. He wrote History of North- 
 eastern Ohio, 3 vols., Indianapolis, 1935. 
 
 BURT, NATHANIEL CLARK (April 23, 
 1825-March 4, 1874), clergyman, was born 
 in Fairton, N. J. He served as a Presby- 
 terian clergyman in Cincinnati and else- 
 where in Ohio. 
 
 Hours among the Gospels . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1865. 
 The Far East . . . , Cincinnati, 1869. 
 The Land and Its Story . . . , New York, 
 1869. 
 
 BURT, PITTS HARRISON (May 6, 1837- 
 Aug. 16, 1906), broker, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. After graduating 
 
Burt, R. W. 
 
 92 
 
 from Yale University in 1859, he became a 
 broker in Cincinnati. He was one of the 
 organizers of the Cincinnati Stock Ex- 
 change. Active in the cultural life of the 
 city, he was one of the first subscribers to 
 the May Music Festivals and was a direc- 
 tor of the Rookwood Pottery. His only 
 book was the novel listed below. He died 
 in Cincinnati. 
 
 Regret of Spring; A Love Episode, New 
 York, 1898. 
 
 BURT, RICHARD WELLING (April 23, 
 1823-July 7, 1911), was born in Warwick, 
 N. Y. When he was a child, his family 
 moved to a farm in Coshocton County. He 
 served in the Mexican War; taught school; 
 published a newspaper, the Progressive Age, 
 in Coshocton, 1853—56; and operated a coal 
 business in Newark. He enlisted as a pri- 
 vate in the 76th O.V.I, in Nov., 1861, and 
 was discharged as a captain in July, 1865. 
 He was wounded at the battle of Resaca. 
 After the war he settled in Peoria, 111. He 
 operated a grocery business, was internal 
 revenue storekeeper, 1875-85, and manu- 
 factured soap. From his youth he composed 
 poems and songs for political or patriotic 
 occasions. 
 Historical Centennial Poem, Peoria, 111., 
 
 1876. 
 War Songs, Poems and Odes . . . , Peoria, 
 111., 1906. 
 
 BURTOFT, LAVINA ADALINE HOL- 
 LINGSWORTH JUDKINS (March 2, 1849- 
 March 27, 1929), was born in Harrison 
 County. Frank Judkins, whom she married 
 in 1869, died in 1893, and in 1912 she 
 married Thomas Burtoft. Her death oc- 
 curred in St. Clairsville. She published 
 travel sketches in newspapers and at least 
 two books of poems, and with her son, 
 Clyde H. Judkins, she wrote a memoir of 
 her brother, a Civil War general and po- 
 litical figure: Biographical Sketch of Hon. 
 David A. Hollingsworth . . . , [Cleveland, 
 1920]. 
 
 BURTON, CHARLES EMERSON (March 
 19, 1869-Aug. 27, 1940), clergyman, was 
 born in Poweshiek County, Iowa. Ordained 
 a Congregational minister in 1898, he be- 
 came associate pastor with Washington 
 Gladden (q.v.) in 1909; from 1911 to 
 1914 he was pastor of Euclid Avenue 
 Church in Cleveland. His writings include 
 Finding a Religion to Live By, Boston, 
 [1936]. WWW 1 
 
 BURTON, ERNEST DE WITT (Feb. 4, 
 1856-May 26, 1925), theologian, was born 
 
 in Granville, Licking County. He graduated 
 from Denison University in 1876 and 
 Rochester Theological Seminary in 1882 
 and also studied in Germany. In 1892 he 
 was appointed professor of New Testament 
 literature at the University of Chicago. He 
 published a number of textbooks. A bibliog- 
 raphy of his writings can be found in Chris- 
 tianity in the Modern World . . . , Chicago, 
 [1927]. WWW 1 
 
 BURTON, GIDEON (Aug. 11, 1811-May 1, 
 1903), merchant, was born in Sussex 
 County, Del. As an agent for a Philadelphia 
 merchant, he made his first trip to Ohio at 
 the age of twenty, and in 1848 he settled 
 in Cincinnati, where he established a silk 
 store. During the next half-century he had 
 broad experience in business affairs and was 
 active in the cultural life of Cincinnati. His 
 privately printed book is a valuable collec- 
 tion of anecdotes and reminiscences. He 
 died in Cupalo, Pa., at the age of 92. 
 
 Reminiscences of Gideon Burton. Written 
 by Himself in His Eighty-fifth Year, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1895. 
 
 BURTON, HAROLD HITZ (June 22, 1888- 
 ), Supreme Court justice, was born in 
 Jamaica Plain, Mass. He graduated from 
 Bowdoin College in 1909. In 1912 he be- 
 gan to practice law in Cleveland. He was 
 mayor of Cleveland, 1935-40; U. S. Sena- 
 tor, 1940—45; and an associate justice of 
 the U. S. Supreme Court, 1945-58. He 
 compiled the history of the 361st Infantry 
 Regiment in World War I: 600 Davs Serv- 
 ice . . . , [Portland, Oreg., 1921]. WW 30 
 
 BURTON, KATHERINE (March 12, 1887- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. A graduate of Western Reserve 
 University, she has served on the editorial 
 staff of McCall's, Redbook, and other 
 magazines, and now lives in Bronxville, 
 N. Y. She was converted to Roman Ca- 
 tholicism in 1930 and has written articles 
 for the Sign and other religious magazines. 
 She has published several books, most of 
 them biographies, e.g., a life of Mrs. Rose 
 Hawthorne Lathrop: Sorrow Built a Bridge 
 . . . , New York, 1937. CWW 11 
 
 BURTON, THEODORE ELIJAH (Dec. 20, 
 1851-Oct. 28, 1929), lawyer and legislator, 
 was born in Jefferson, Ashtabula County. 
 After graduating from Oberlin in 1872, 
 he taught there for two years while read- 
 ing law. He was admitted to the Ohio bar 
 in 1875 and practiced in Cleveland. He 
 served both in the House of Representatives 
 (1886-88, 1894-1909, and 1920-28) and 
 
93 
 
 Butler, J. M. 
 
 in the Senate (1909-14 and 1928-29). His 
 writings on historical and economic sub- 
 jects include a biography: John Sherman, 
 Boston, 1906. DAB 21 
 
 BURTON, THOMAS WILLIAM (May 4, 
 1860-March 23, 1939), physician, was born 
 of slave parents in Madison County, Ky. A 
 graduate of Indiana Medical College, he 
 practiced in Zanesville, Xenia, and Spring- 
 field. He wrote an autobiographical book, 
 What Experience Has Taught Me, Cincin- 
 nati, 1910. 
 
 BUSBEY, HAMILTON (April 1, 1840-Aug. 
 1, 1924), journalist, was born in Clark 
 County and lived for many years in South 
 Vienna. He was editor of Turf, Field and 
 Farm for nearly forty years. He published 
 several books on horses and horse racing, 
 e.g., The Trotting and Pacing Horse in 
 America, [New York, 1904]. WWW 1 
 
 BUSBEY, L. WHITE (Nov. 22, 1852-Oct. 
 31, 1925), journalist, younger brother of 
 Hamilton Busbey (q.v.), was born in 
 Vienna, Trumbull County. He was Wash- 
 ington correspondent of the Chicago Inter- 
 ocean, 1879-1905, and secretary to Joseph 
 G. Cannon, Speaker of the House of Rep- 
 resentatives, 1904-11. His death occurred 
 in Washington, D. C. He wrote a biography, 
 Uncle Joe Cannon; The Story of a Pioneer 
 American . . . , New York, [1927]. WWW 1 
 
 BUSH, MRS. EDWARD G. W. See Rose- 
 mary Sprague. 
 
 BUSH, HAROLD MONTFORT (Nov. 14, 
 1871-Aug. 7, 1945), mechanical engineer, 
 was born in Dansville, N. Y. He moved to 
 Columbus in 1893 and thereafter was as- 
 sociated with various Columbus industries 
 and railroads. He published articles on mil- 
 itary subjects in addition to recollections of 
 his service in the Spanish-American War: 
 The Diary of an Enlisted Man, Columbus, 
 1908. WWO 
 
 BUSHNELL, EDWARD (May 18, 1865- 
 Nov. 17, 1944), lawyer, was born in Fre- 
 mont, Sandusky County. He graduated from 
 Western Reserve University in 1887 and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1891. He prac- 
 ticed in Cleveland. He wrote an account of 
 a trip to England: The Truthful Traveller 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1936. WWW 2 
 
 BUSHNELL, HENRY (Jan. 31, 1824-Nov. 
 19, 1905), clergyman, was born in Gran- 
 ville, Licking County. Educated at Marietta 
 College, Lane Seminary, and Andover Sem- 
 inary, he entered the ministry. He served 
 
 churches in Ohio, and for a time was prin- 
 cipal of Central College Academy. His 
 death occurred in Westerville. 
 The History of Granville, Licking County 
 
 . . . , Columbus, 1889. 
 Following the Star . . . , Philadelphia, 1894. 
 
 BUSSENIUS, LUELLEN TETERS (Feb., 
 1872- ), was born in Caldwell, Noble 
 County, but spent only the first seven years 
 of her life in that community. She is a sister 
 of Wilbertine T. Worden (q.v.). A gradu- 
 ate of the University of Colorado, she has 
 served on the editorial staff of the De- 
 lineator and other fashion magazines. She 
 now lives in Chicago. Besides stories in 
 numerous periodicals, she has written a 
 novel, The Honorable Miss Cherry Blossom 
 . . . , New York, 1924. 
 
 BUTLER, HENRY A. (Oct. 8, 1872-April 
 26, 1934), industrialist, was born in 
 Youngstown, Mahoning County. He grad- 
 uated from Harvard University in 1897. 
 He wrote a book which is based on a 
 journal of his experiences in service with 
 the American Red Cross in France during 
 World War I: Overseas Sketches . . . , 
 [Cleveland, 1921]. 
 
 BUTLER, JAY CALDWELL (Sept. 3, 1844- 
 July 13, 1885), was born in Venice, Erie 
 County. He served in the Civil War from 
 June, 1862, to June, 1865, as a captain in 
 the 101st O.V.I. After the war he was a 
 manufacturer of doors and window blinds 
 in Sandusky. His son, Watson H. Butler, 
 published Letters Home by Jay Caldwell 
 Butler . . . , [Binghamton, N. Y.], 1930. 
 
 BUTLER, JOSEPH GREEN, JR. (Dec. 21, 
 1840-Dec. 19, 1927), was born in Tem- 
 perance Furnace, Pa. He became a success- 
 ful ironmaster while in his early twenties 
 and moved to Youngstown in 1863, where 
 he played a prominent role in almost every 
 enterprise of note in the Mahoning Valley. 
 He erected and presented to the city of 
 Youngstown the Butler Art Institute. He 
 wrote a number of books, e.g., First Trip 
 across the Continent, Cleveland, 1904, and 
 Recollections of Men and Events . . . , 
 [Youngstown, 1925]. 
 
 BUTLER, JOSEPH MARION (Aug. 18, 
 1858-March 23, 1913), was born in New 
 Rochester, Wood County. He was later en- 
 gaged in business in Youngstown, where 
 he was an active worker in the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church. 
 
 History of St. John's Parish, [Youngstown, 
 n.d.]. 
 
Butler, M. M. 
 
 94 
 
 BUTLER, MARGARET MANOR (Mrs. 
 Clyde H.) (March 1, 1898- ), was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, but lived 
 most of her life in Lakewood. She is a 
 graduate of Smith College. She was an or- 
 ganizer of the Lakewood Historical So- 
 ciety and now is curator of the museum. 
 She has written numerous articles on local 
 history and one book, The Lakewood Story, 
 New York, 1949. 
 
 BUTTENWEISER, ELLEN CLUNE (Aug. 
 12, 1870-July 22, 1933), was born in 
 Warkworth, Ontario, Canada. She attended 
 Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Uni- 
 versity of Leipzig, and University of Heidel- 
 berg, earning a doctorate from the latter 
 institution. Wife of Moses Buttenweiser 
 (q.v.), she lived in Cincinnati from 1897 
 until her death, was active in club work, 
 and contributed to various literary maga- 
 zines. She also wrote The Obstinate Child, 
 Philadelphia, [1912?]. OBB 
 
 BUTTENWEISER, MOSES (April 5, 1862- 
 March 11, 1939), theologian, was born in 
 Beerfelden, Germany. He was educated in 
 Germany and after coming to America was 
 appointed to the faculty of Hebrew Union 
 College, Cincinnati, in 1897. He served 
 there for more than forty years. His death 
 occurred in Palo Alto, Calif. Besides trans- 
 lations and texts, his books include The 
 Prophets of Israel . . . , New York, 1914. 
 WWW 1 
 
 BUTTERFIELD, CONSUL WILLSHIRE 
 
 (July 28, 1824-Sept. 25, 1899), historian, 
 was born in Oswego County, N. Y. His 
 family moved to Melmore, Seneca County, 
 in 1834. Educated at Normal School, Al- 
 bany, N. Y., he became a teacher. He was 
 superintendent of Seneca County schools, 
 1848-49. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1855 and practiced law at Bucyrus until 
 1875. His Historical Account of the Ex- 
 pedition against Sandusky (1873) served to 
 distinguish him as a historian of importance. 
 An outstanding contribution to Revolution- 
 ary history, the work was a readable, at- 
 tractive story and enjoyed a good sale. 
 Spurred on by the success of this book 
 Butterfield abandoned the practice of law 
 in 1875 and moved to Madison, Wis., 
 where he would enjoy ready access to the 
 great Lyman C. Draper collection of source 
 materials. An attempt to collaborate with 
 Draper met with failure, and their book was 
 never printed. In 1877 he became a staff 
 historian with a Chicago concern engaged 
 in publishing county histories. From 1886 
 to 1889 he served in an editorial capacity 
 
 on the Magazine of Western History, a pe- 
 riodical in which some of his best work 
 
 appears. He moved to South Omaha, Neb., 
 
 in 1888, where he was again engaged in 
 
 editing local histories. 
 
 History of Seneca County . . . , Sandusky, 
 1848. 
 
 A Comprehensive System of Grammatical 
 and Rhetorical Punctuation, 1854. 
 
 An Historical Account of the Expedition 
 against Sandusky under Col. William 
 Crawford in 1872 . . . , Cincinnati, 1873. 
 
 The Washington-Crawford Letters, Cincin- 
 nati, 1877. 
 
 History of the University of Wisconsin 
 . . . , Madison, 1879. 
 
 Washington-Irvine Correspondence, Madi- 
 son, 1882. 
 
 A Short Biography of John Leith . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1883. 
 
 Journal of Capt. Jonathan Heart on the 
 March of His Company from Connec- 
 ticut to Fort Pitt . . . , Albany, N. Y., 
 1885. 
 
 The History of the Girtvs . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1890. 
 
 History of Brule's Discoveries and Explo- 
 rations . . . , Cleveland, 1898. 
 
 History of Lieutenant-Colonel George Rog- 
 ers Clark's Conquest of the Illinois and 
 of the Wabash Towns . . . , Columbus, 
 1903. 
 
 BUTTLES, JOEL (Feb., 1787-Aug., 1850), 
 was born in Grandby, Conn. His father 
 was one of the original proprietors of 
 Worthington, where he settled with his 
 family in 1804. Joel Buttles taught school 
 at Worthington until Aug. 21. 1811, when, 
 in partnership with one George Smith, he 
 bought the weekly newspaper Western In- 
 telligencer. Because of a disagreement be- 
 tween the two men, the partnership was 
 dissolved in Dec, 1812, and Buttles moved 
 to Franklinton. In 1814 he was appointed 
 postmaster in Columbus, a position which 
 he held until 1829. In 1814 the Western 
 Intelligencer was moved to Columbus and 
 Buttles again acquired an interest in it, 
 which he retained until June 27, 1817. He 
 became a successful businessman in Co- 
 lumbus, held many offices of trust, and was 
 president of the City Bank for several years. 
 The extracts from his diary, which were 
 privately published by his descendants, pro- 
 vide a superb account of pioneer life in 
 central Ohio. His death occurred in Urbana. 
 Extracts from the Diary of Joel Buttles, 
 [Newport. R. I., 1889]. 
 
 BYER, HERBERT (Oct. 31. 1899- ), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He 
 
95 
 
 Cackler 
 
 graduated from Ohio State University. He 
 was associated with the Columbus Citizen, 
 1921-24. He is chairman of the board of 
 Byer and Bowman advertising agency in 
 Columbus. He has published articles in 
 trade papers and business journals and a 
 novel about an imaginary American uni- 
 versity: To the Victor, New York, 1936. 
 
 BYERS, JOSEPH PERKINS (Sept. 23. 1868- 
 Aug. 11, 1950), social worker, was born in 
 Columbus, Franklin County. His father 
 was secretary of the Ohio Board of State 
 Charities; and Joseph served as his assistant, 
 1888-90, and as his successor, 1890-92. He 
 afterward was superintendent of various in- 
 stitutions and social agencies in Indiana, 
 New York, New Jersey, and Kentucky. 
 After his retirement in 1938 he returned to 
 live in Delaware County. He wrote The Vil- 
 lage of Happiness, the Story of the Train- 
 ing School, [Vineland, N. J.,' 1934]. WW 21 
 
 BYERS, WILLIAM NEWTON (Feb. 22, 
 1831-March 25, 1903), was born in Madi- 
 son County. Self-educated, he became a 
 surveyor, and in 1852 he crossed the con- 
 tinent in the employ of the Federal govern- 
 ment. He married and lived for a time in 
 Omaha, Neb. In 1859 he moved to Denver, 
 Colo., where he spent the remainder of his 
 life. He published Colorado's first news- 
 paper, Rocky Mountain News, at Cherry 
 Creek, April 23, 1859. Printing his paper 
 for a time in the attic of Uncle Dick 
 Wootton's cabin and later in a printing of- 
 fice located on stilts in Cherry Creek itself, 
 he guided his newspaper through great 
 obstacles and finally retired from publishing 
 in 1878. On his arrival in the Territory he 
 plunged into public affairs. He was a lead- 
 ing advocate of statehood for Colorado, 
 served as postmaster of Denver, and was 
 president of the Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 A Handbook to the Gold Fields of Ne- 
 braska and Kansas, (with John H. Kel- 
 lom), Chicago, 1859. 
 
 Encyclopedia of Biography of Colorado; 
 History of Colorado, Chicago, 1901. 
 
 BYFORD, WILLIAM HEATH (March 20, 
 1817-May 21, 1890), physician and edu- 
 cator, was born in Eaton, Preble County. 
 His family left Ohio when he was four 
 years old, and he grew up in Indiana and 
 Illinois. He returned to Ohio to study at 
 Ohio Medical College, where he graduated 
 in 1845. He later taught at Evansville Med- 
 ical College, Rush Medical College, and 
 Woman's Medical College, Chicago. Besides 
 the title below, he published a number of 
 medical works on gynecology and obstetrics. 
 The Philosophy of Domestic Life, Boston, 
 1869. 
 
 BYINGTON, CYRUS (March 11, 1793-Dec. 
 31, 1868), missionary, was born in Massa- 
 chusetts. Trained as a lawyer, he became a 
 missionary and spent his life among the 
 Choctaws, except for the two years follow- 
 ing his retirement to Belpre, Ohio, in 1866. 
 Byington's lifework was the preparation of 
 a dictionary and grammar of the Choctaw 
 language. He also translated parts of the 
 Bible into Choctaw. 
 
 BYRNE, THOMAS SEBASTIAN (July 29, 
 1841-Sept. 4, 1924), clergyman, was born 
 in Hamilton, Butler County. He graduated 
 from St. Mary's of the West in 1868 and 
 afterward spent three years at the Ameri- 
 can College in Rome. He was ordained a 
 Roman Catholic priest in 1869. From 1887 
 to 1S94 he was president of St. Mary's of 
 the West. He was appointed bishop of 
 Nashville, Tenn., in 1894. Besides the title 
 below, he wrote religious pamphlets. 
 Man from a Christian Point of View, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1893. 
 
 CABLE, JOHN LEVI (April 15, 1884- ), 
 lawyer and former congressman, was born 
 in Lima, Allen County. He graduated from 
 Kenyon College in 1906 and the law school 
 of George Washington University in 1909. 
 Since being admitted to the bar, he has 
 practiced in Lima. He served in the U. S. 
 House of Representatives, 1921-25 and 
 1929-33. His writings, chiefly of a legal 
 
 nature, include Loss of Citizenship, Denat- 
 uralization, the Alien in Wartime, Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1943. WW 30 
 
 CACKLER, CHRISTIAN (June 27, 1791- 
 July 5, 1878), was born in Washington 
 County, Pa. He came to Portage County 
 with his parents May 10, 1804. Throughout 
 his long life in this area he bore a splendid 
 
Cadmus 
 
 96 
 
 reputation for probity. His rambling Recol- 
 lections, which contains a first-hand account 
 of John Brown, is one of the most valuable 
 accounts extant of pioneer life in northern 
 Ohio. 
 
 Recollections of an Old Settler . . . , [Kent, 
 1874]. 
 
 CADMUS. Pseud. See John C. Zachos. 
 
 CADWELL, CLARA GERTRUDE (?-?), 
 was born in Jefferson, Ashtabula County, 
 where her family were close friends of the 
 Howells family. Except that she later lived 
 in Cleveland, nothing else is known of her 
 life. 
 
 De Barr's Friends; Or, Number Seventeen 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1881. 
 
 CADY, JOHN HENRY (1846-1927), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He 
 saw some intermittent service during the 
 early days of the Civil War and in 1864 
 joined the 11th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. 
 He was in a detachment which went up the 
 Platte River to the Pike's Peak gold fields 
 in 1865. After being discharged he went to 
 Arizona. At Tucson he built the largest 
 dance hall and saloon in the Territory, pre- 
 sided over his own gambling layouts, oper- 
 ated what he was pleased to call a "hotel" 
 at Patagonia, "figured in many lynchings," 
 and lived to tell his story in an auto- 
 biographical volume: Arizona's Yesterdays 
 . . . , [Patagonia, Ariz.], 1915. 
 
 CALDWELL, DAVID S. (Dec. 22, 1820-Sept. 
 6, 1889), was born in Hagerstown, Md., but 
 grew up in western Crawford County, 
 where his parents moved when he was a 
 child. At the time of the organization of the 
 123rd O.V.I., he was made first lieutenant 
 of Company H, which was organized by 
 Captain John Newman of Crestline. He was 
 promoted to captain Feb. 3, 1863. He was 
 captured at Winchester, Va., on June 15, 
 1863, when his regiment was surrendered by 
 Colonel Ely of the 18th Connecticut, who 
 was temporarily in command. He wrote one 
 of the most thrilling accounts of escape 
 from a Confederate prison. 
 Incidents of War, and Southern Prison 
 Life, Dayton, 1864. 
 
 CALDWELL, HOWARD WALTER (Aug. 
 26, 1853-March 2, 1927), educator, was 
 born in Bryan, Williams County. In 1883 
 he was appointed to the history department 
 of the University of Nebraska, his alma 
 mater. He wrote a number of articles and 
 textbooks. His home was Lincoln, Neb., 
 and his death occurred in that city. 
 
 Henry Clay, the Great Compromiser . . . , 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis., [1899]. 
 
 CALISCH, EDWARD NATHANIEL (June 
 23, 1865-Jan. 7, 1946), rabbi, was born in 
 Toledo, Lucas County. He attended Hughes 
 High School in Cincinnati, the University 
 of Cincinnati, and Hebrew Union College. 
 He was a rabbi in Peoria, 111., 1887-91, 
 and in Richmond, Va., 1891-1945. He 
 published religious textbooks for children 
 and teachers, a collection of his addresses, 
 and The Jew in English Literature . . . , 
 Richmond, Va., [1909]. WWW 2 
 
 CALLAGHAN, J. DORSEY (Jan. 3, 1895- 
 ), was born in Dennison, Tuscarawas 
 County, and attended the schools of that 
 community. After serving in World War I, 
 he was a merchant in Columbus and Cin- 
 cinnati, and in Mt. Clemens, Mich. While 
 recovering from an illness, he wrote poems 
 for the Detroit Free Press and later joined 
 the staff as music critic. He is still with that 
 paper and lives in Highland Park, Mich. 
 He has published a volume of poems: 
 Music Off Stage, [Detroit, 1945]. 
 
 CALLAGHAN, JAMES F. (March 28, 1839- 
 Dec. 12, 1899), priest, born in Trenton, 
 N. J., was brought to Cincinnati by his 
 parents in 1845. He graduated from Mount 
 St. Mary's of the West in 1859, was or- 
 dained to the Roman Catholic priesthood 
 in 1863, and afterward served at All Saints 
 University and St. Peter's Cathedral. A se- 
 lection of his writings was published post- 
 humously by his sister, Emily A. Callaghan: 
 Memoirs and Writings . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1903. 
 
 CAMPBELL, DAISY RHODES (May 23, 
 
 1854-May 11, 1927), was born in Dela- 
 ware, Delaware County, and spent her life 
 in that community. She attended Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University. She wrote articles, stories, 
 and books for children, e.g., The Violin 
 Lady, Boston, 1916. WW 12 
 
 CAMPBELL, EDWIN R. (1787-1857), was 
 born in Butler County. He worked on the 
 Cincinnati Daily Times and Daily Dispatch 
 before emigrating to California. 
 The Heroine of Scutari, and Other Poems, 
 New York, 1857. 
 
 CAMPBELL, ELSIE JANE COSLER (Oct. 
 22, 1887- ), was born in Miami Town- 
 ship, Greene County. She attended a busi- 
 ness college and Columbia University, was 
 employed as a public stenographer, and is 
 now a resident of Dayton. Her poems have 
 
97 
 
 Campbell, M. E. 
 
 appeared in various periodicals and anthol- 
 ogies, and she has published a collection: 
 The Book of Thrills, Dayton, 1934. BDCP 
 
 CAMPBELL, JAMES EDWIN (Jan. 26, 
 1867-Jan. 30, 1896), was born in Pomeroy, 
 Meigs County. He attended public schools 
 and Miami University. He worked on sev- 
 eral Chicago newspapers and also taught 
 school in Rutland. Ohio, Charleston, W. 
 Va., and Oberlin, Ohio. He was one of the 
 first Negroes to write dialect poetry. His 
 death occurred in Pomeroy. 
 Echoes from the Cabin and Elsewhere, 
 Chicago, [1895]. 
 
 CAMPBELL, JOHN BUNYAN (1820-1904), 
 "vitapathic" physician, was born at Little 
 Pine Creek, Pa. He opened a school in 
 Fairmount, the American Health College, 
 to teach vitapathy, which Otto Juettner 
 (q.v. ) described as "a mongrel mixture of 
 half-digested science, brazen assurance and 
 medical and religious quackery." Juettner 
 acknowledged that many of Campbell's stu- 
 dents went on to study medicine elsewhere 
 and became effective physicians. His books 
 were not sold, and his students were sworn 
 not to reveal their contents. 
 Encyclopedia of Nature, Containing the 
 Full and Complete Vitapathic System of 
 Medical Practice . . . , Cincinnati, 1878. 
 Spirit Vitapathy; A Religious Scientific Sys- 
 tem of Health and Life for Body and 
 Soul . . . , [Cincinnati. 1891]. 
 Life! Physical and Spiritual . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [18-?]. 
 
 CAMPBELL, JOHN POAGE (1767-Nov. 4, 
 1814), clergyman, was born in Augusta 
 County, Va. He preached in various towns 
 in southern Ohio. His death occurred in 
 Chillicothe. 
 
 The Doctrine of Justification by Imputed 
 Righteousness Considered . . . , Danville, 
 [Ky.], 1805. 
 Strictures on the Letters Published by Bar- 
 ton W. Stone . . . , Lexington, Ky., 1805. 
 Vindex . . . , Lexington, Ky., 1806. 
 The Pelagian Detected . . . , Lexington, 
 Ky., 1811. 
 
 CAMPBELL, JOHN WILSON (Feb. 23, 
 1782-Sept. 24, 1833), lawyer and judge, 
 was born in Augusta County, Va., of Irish 
 parents. His family moved to Kentucky in 
 1791 and shortly afterward to Ohio, where 
 he earned money for his education by clear- 
 ing timberlands and by teaching school. In 
 1808 he was admitted to the bar and began 
 to practice in West Union, Adams County. 
 
 He served in Congress, 1817-27. After the 
 election of Andrew Jackson, whom he had 
 supported, he was appointed U. S. district 
 judge. In 1826 he settled on a Brown 
 County farm, and in 1831 he moved to 
 Columbus. He died at Delaware Sept. 24, 
 1833, in the cholera epidemic that struck 
 Ohio that year. His writings and a sketch 
 of his life were compiled by his widow, 
 Eleanor W. Campbell. 
 Biographical Sketches; With Other Literary 
 
 Remains of the Late John W. Campbell 
 
 . . . , Columbus, 1838. 
 
 CAMPBELL, LILY BESS (June 20, 1883- 
 ), educator, was born in Ada, Hardin 
 County. She graduated from the University 
 of Texas in 1905 and the University of 
 Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1921. She served on 
 the faculty of the University of Wisconsin, 
 1911-18, and the University of California 
 at Los Angeles, 1922-50. Besides scholarly 
 articles and monographs, her writings in- 
 clude several books on Shakespeare and 
 the English theater, e.g., Shakespeare's Tragic 
 Heroes, Slaves of Passion, Cambridge, Eng- 
 land, 1930. WW 30 
 
 CAMPBELL, LOUIS WALTER (May 17, 
 1899- ), ornithologist, was born in 
 Toledo, Lucas County. He has been a 
 columnist for the Toledo Times and is ac- 
 tive in various nature study and conserva- 
 tion organizations. Besides articles and 
 pamphlets on nature, he has published a 
 book. Birds of Lucas County, Toledo, 
 [1940]. 
 
 CAMPBELL, MARION (d.1944), was born 
 in Bellefontaine, Logan County. In 1927 
 she married Alexander Winton, Cleveland 
 automobile manufacturer, from whom she 
 was divorced a few years later. She lived in 
 Los Angeles for a number of years. Her 
 death occurred in Florida. Interested in 
 American Indians, she wrote an opera, The 
 Seminole, which was produced in Cleve- 
 land, and also organized the Women's Na- 
 tional League for Justice to the Indians. 
 She wrote another opera, poems, and a 
 book: The Box hood of Tecumseh . . . , 
 Philadelphia, [1940]. 
 
 CAMPBELL, MARY ELIZABETH (Feb. 11, 
 1903- ), educator, was born in Cambridge, 
 Guernsey County. She graduated from Rad- 
 cliffe College in 1925 and Yale University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1937. She has been a member 
 of the English Department, Indiana Univer- 
 sity, since 1927 except for service with the 
 American Red Cross during World War II. 
 
Campbell, M. R. 
 
 98 
 
 A specialist in eighteenth century British 
 literature, she has written a number of ar- 
 ticles on Daniel Defoe and has also pub- 
 lished popular novels, e.g., The White 
 Hand Murder Mystery, New York, 1936. 
 DAS 3 
 
 CAMPBELL, MARY REBECCA (July 26, 
 1881-Oct. 11, 1939), was born in Youngs- 
 town, Mahoning County. She died in New 
 York City. She wrote a biography of her 
 father, Walter L. Campbell (q.v. ): The Life 
 of Walter Campbell, New York, 1917. 
 
 CAMPBELL, OSCAR JAMES, JR. (Aug. 16, 
 1879- ), educator, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Harvard University (A.B., 1903; Ph.D., 
 1910) and afterward taught English at the 
 University of Wisconsin, 1911-21, the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, 1921-35, and Colum- 
 bia University, 1936-50. In addition to a 
 number of widely used textbooks, his writ- 
 ings include Shakespeare's Satire, New 
 York, 1943. WW 30 
 
 CAMPBELL, WALTER L. (Nov. 13, 1842- 
 Jan. 25, 1905), lawyer and journalist, was 
 born in Salem, Columbiana County. When 
 he was five years old, an accident left him 
 blind for life. From nine to sixteen, he at- 
 tended the School for the Blind at Colum- 
 bus. He became a skilled organist. After 
 attending Salem High School, he entered 
 Western Reserve College in 1863 and gradu- 
 ated with honors in 1867. He read law in 
 Salem and spent a year at Harvard Law 
 School. In 1869 he went to the Wyoming 
 Territory, of which his brother had just been 
 appointed governor. On returning to Ohio, 
 he was admitted to the bar in 1873. He 
 owned and edited the Mahoning Register 
 in Youngstown. From 1884 to 1886 he 
 served as mayor of the city. Though totally 
 blind, he moved freely about the city with 
 no assistance, and he followed successfully 
 his professions of law and journalism. 
 Our Sovereign's Characteristics, Washing- 
 ton, D. C, 1876. 
 Civitas: The Romance of Our Nation's 
 Life, New York, 1886. 
 
 CANFIELD, DWIGHT R. (March 29, 1872- 
 April 20, 1956), physician, was born in 
 Scotch Ridge. Wood County. He attended 
 district schools and later taught school to 
 finance his medical education. After gradu- 
 ation from Toledo Medical College in 1907, 
 he practiced at Perrysburg, and his death 
 occurred in that community. Local history 
 was his hobby, and he published a number 
 
 of articles on that subject, and Poems of 
 the Maumee Valley, [Fostoria, 1943]. 
 
 CANFIELD, FLAVIA CAMP (1844-Aug. 12, 
 1930), mother of Dorothy Canfield Fisher 
 (q.v.), was born in Michigan. In 1873 she 
 married James H. Canfield (q.v.) and lived 
 in Ohio while he was president of Ohio 
 State University. She died in Arlington, Vt. 
 She wrote several books, e.g., Around the 
 World at Eighty, Rutland, Vt., 1925. 
 
 CANFIELD, JAMES HULME (March 18, 
 1847-March 29, 1909), librarian and uni- 
 versity president, was born in Delaware, 
 Delaware County, the son of an Episcopal 
 clergyman, but much of his boyhood was 
 spent in Brooklyn, N. Y., where his father 
 was rector of Christ Church. After graduat- 
 ing from Williams College in 1868, he spent 
 two years in railroad-building in Iowa and 
 Minnesota. He then read law and was ad- 
 mitted to the Michigan bar in 1872. While 
 practicing in St. Joseph, Mich., he married 
 Flavia A. Camp (see above). Canfield en- 
 tered educational work in 1877, when he 
 accepted a professorship at the University 
 of Kansas. From 1891 to 1895 he was 
 chancellor of the University of Nebraska 
 and from 1895 to 1899 was president of 
 Ohio State University. He resigned to be- 
 come librarian of Columbia University, a 
 a post he held until his death. He was ex- 
 tremely popular as a speaker and was a 
 prolific writer of articles for magazines. 
 Taxation; A Plain Talk for Plain People, 
 
 New York, 1883. 
 Local Government in Kansas, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1885]. 
 History and Government of Kansas, Phila- 
 delphia, [1894]. 
 The Ohio State University as a School of 
 Post-Graduate Instruction Only . . . , 
 Columbus, 1898. 
 The College Student and his Problems, New 
 
 York, 1902. 
 The Spirit of '76 ... , [New York?, 1907]. 
 Report on Certain Educational Character- 
 istics in England and France, [New York, 
 1908]. 
 
 CANFIELD, MARY GRACE WEBB (July 
 12, 1864-July 26, 1946), was born in 
 Springfield, Clark County. A graduate of 
 Buchtel College, Akron, she was active in 
 the women's suffrage movement and the 
 Universalist Church. In 1891 she married 
 Rev. Harry L. Canfield, a Universalist min- 
 ister. Her last years were spent in Brattle- 
 boro and Woodstock, Vt. She published 
 articles in various periodicals, edited a three- 
 
99 
 
 Carpenter, Flora L. 
 
 volume collection of hymns, and wrote 
 The Valley of the Kedron . . . , South 
 Woodstock, Vt., 1940. 
 
 CANFIELD, SILAS SPRAGUE (March 13, 
 1824-June 30, 1902), was born in Ham- 
 burg, N. Y. He taught school and operated 
 a sawmill in New York State before coming 
 to Milan in 1852. In 1857 he settled in 
 Wood County. He was mustered into the 
 service, Sept. 19, 1861, as captain of Com- 
 pany K, 21st O.V.I. He was captured Sept. 
 20, 1863, at Chickamauga, and was ex- 
 changed March 20, 1865. Though lacking 
 in personal narrative, his history of his regi- 
 ment is a valuable and well-documented ac- 
 count of its otherwise unrecorded partici- 
 pation in the Chickamauga battle. After his 
 discharge from the army he operated a 
 sawmill and a farm, and taught school near 
 Scotch Ridge. 
 
 History of the 21st Regiment Ohio Volun- 
 teer Infantry, in the War of the Rebellion, 
 Toledo, 1893. 
 
 CANIFF, MILTON ARTHUR (Feb. 28, 
 1907- ), cartoonist, was born in Hills- 
 boro, Highland County. He graduated from 
 Ohio State University in 1930 and worked 
 as a cartoonist on the Dayton Journal- 
 Herald and the Columbus Dispatch before 
 achieving syndication with his comic strip 
 "Terry and the Pirates." A story based on 
 the comic strip has been published: April 
 Kane and the Dragon Lady . . . , Racine, 
 Wis., [1942]. WW 30 
 
 CANTWELL, JOHN SIMON (1837-1907), 
 clergyman, was pastor of Universal ist 
 churches in Columbus, Camden, Fairfield, 
 and Cincinnati. He moved to Massachusetts 
 in 1881. 
 
 Thirty Days over the Sea . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1873. 
 
 CAREY, CHARLES. Pseud. See Charles C. 
 Waddell. 
 
 CAREY, CHARLES HENRY (Oct. 27, 1857- 
 Aug. 26, 1941), lawyer, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. After graduating 
 from Denison University in 1881, he stu- 
 died law in Cincinnati and afterward prac- 
 ticed in Portland, Oreg., 1883-1932. He 
 published a volume of legal digests in 1888, 
 edited The Journals of Theodore Talbot 
 . . . (1931) and Lansford W. Hastings' 
 Emigrants' Guide to Oregon and California 
 (1932), and wrote a state history: History 
 of Oregon, Chicago, 1922. WWW 1 
 
 CARLISLE, WALTER EWING (Jan. 6, 1877- 
 Oct. 5, 1956), journalist, was born in Hills- 
 
 boro, Highland County. He was on the 
 staff of the Ohio State Journal, 1909-55, 
 working as a proofreader and also conduct- 
 ing a column, "Poetry and Rhyme." He 
 died in Columbus. Besides poems and ar- 
 ticles in various periodicals, he published a 
 collection of verse: Lights and Shadows, 
 Columbus, [1941]. 
 
 CARLTON, FRANK TRACY (Dec. 22, 
 1873- ), educator, was born in Mantua, 
 Portage County. He graduated from Case 
 Institute of Technology in 1895 and the 
 University of Wisconsin (Ph.D.) in 1906. 
 After teaching at Albion College, 1906-19, 
 and at DePauw University, 1919-27, he 
 joined the Case faculty as professor of eco- 
 nomics. He retired in 1944 and since that 
 time has continued to live in Cleveland. Be- 
 sides articles in professional journals and 
 textbooks, his writings include several books 
 on organized labor, e.g., Organized Labor 
 in American History, New York, 1920. 
 WW 26 
 
 CARNES, SIDNEY CECIL (Sept. 11, 1909- 
 Feb. 14, 1953), journalist, was born in Fair- 
 view, Guernsey County, but his parents 
 moved to Barnesville in 1910. After at- 
 tending Muskingum College for a time, he 
 transferred to Ohio State University and 
 graduated in journalism in 1932. He worked 
 on the Columbus Star and the New York 
 World-Telegram, wrote many radio shows, 
 and was a correspondent for the Saturday 
 Evening Post. After World War II he lived 
 in Laredo, Texas. One of the original Citi- 
 zens for Eisenhower, he was en route to 
 Washington to take a post in the State 
 Department when he died near Lawrence- 
 ville, Ind. He wrote a life of John L. Lewis, 
 several books on World War II, some travel 
 books, and a biography: Jimmy Hare: News 
 Photographer, New York, 1940. WWW 3 
 
 CARNEY, AURREY TOULMIN (J i. 12, 
 
 1921- ), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County, and was educated in Day- 
 ton schools. After graduating from Smith 
 College, she worked for a year on the Day- 
 ton Daily News. Since her marriage to 
 Fletcher B. Carney she has lived in Birm- 
 ingham, Ala. She has written considerable 
 fiction. Her first novel was No Certain An- 
 swer, New York, 1947. 
 
 CARPENTER, FLORA LEONA (Feb. 15, 
 1877- ), educator, was born in Marys- 
 ville, Union County. She attended high 
 school in Wichita, Kan., graduated from 
 City Normal School, Toledo, in 1901, stud- 
 ied art in New York and Chicago, and 
 
Carpenter, Frank G. 
 
 100 
 
 taught in the Toledo schools, 1901-07 and 
 1911-42. She is now living in Toledo. She 
 has published a work in eight volumes for 
 children: Stories Pictures Tell . . . , Chicago, 
 [1918]. 
 
 CARPENTER, FRANK GEORGE (May 8, 
 1855-June 18, 1924), traveler and journal- 
 ist, was born in Mansfield, Richland 
 County. He graduated from University of 
 Wooster in 1877. In 1879 he became Col- 
 umbus correspondent of the Cleveland 
 Leader. Representing newspaper syndicates, 
 he traveled to all parts of the world. A by- 
 product of his travels was a series of geo- 
 graphical readers, the first of which (Asia) 
 appeared in 1897. His textbooks were widely 
 popular and appeared in many editions. Be- 
 sides his geographical readers, the chief 
 series are Carpenter's world travels and 
 readers on commerce and industry. His 
 death occurred in Nanking, China. 
 South America, Social, Industrial, and Poli- 
 tical . . . , Akron, 1900. 
 
 CARPENTER, MATILDA GILRUTH (Aug. 
 12, 1831-March 23, 1923), was born in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. She lived in Fayette 
 County, 1867-84. She was the acknowledged 
 leader of a group of Washington Court 
 House women who, on Christmas Eve, 
 1873, fired by a lecture by Dio Lewis On 
 "Our Girls," vowed to close every saloon 
 in the community within a week's time. On 
 Christmas morning, the movement was or- 
 ganized, and it is claimed locally that this 
 was the beginning of the "Woman's Cru- 
 sade" from which emerged the Woman's 
 Christian Temperance Union. The fact is 
 that the basic idea was Dr. Lewis', and 
 that he had presented it on December 23 
 to the good ladies of Hillsboro, who had 
 lost not a moment in organizing. According 
 to Francis E. C. Willard (q.v.), "The whirl- 
 wind of the Lord began in the little town of 
 Hillsboro on the 23rd of December. 1873." 
 Mrs. Carpenter's death occurred in Colum- 
 bus. 
 
 The Crusade; Its Origin and Development 
 at Washington Court House and its Re- 
 sults . . . , Columbus, 1893. 
 
 CARR, MICHAEL W. (1851-April 30, 1922), 
 journalist, born in Ireland, was brought to 
 Toledo in 1861. He attended Toledo schools 
 and University of Notre Dame. He edited 
 the Toledo Review, 1873-79, and from 1881 
 until his death he lived in Indianapolis, Ind., 
 where he wrote for various newspapers and 
 magazines. He published several volumes on 
 the Catholic Church in Indiana, e.g., A 
 
 History of the Catholicity in Richmond and 
 Wayne Co. Ind. . . . , Indianapolis, 1889. 
 
 CARR, ROBERT SPENCER (March 26, 
 1909- ), was born in Washington, D. C, 
 but was brought to Columbus when he was 
 one year old and lived there until 1925. 
 When he was fifteen, he received national 
 publicity when a reporter discovered that 
 he wrote horror and adventure stories for 
 pulp magazines. He attended East High 
 School in Columbus except for his senior 
 year, which was completed at Ashley. While 
 living in Ashley, he wrote The Rampant 
 Age, New York, 1928. This frank portrayal 
 of high school youth created a sensation, 
 especially among his former Columbus 
 classmates. At the age of eighteen he was 
 writing for a Hollywood studio. He aban- 
 doned motion pictures and wandered about 
 the United States for three years. In 1932 
 he arrived in Russia, where he lived for 
 five years. He married a Russian girl, gradu- 
 ated from a Moscow university, and worked 
 for Russian movie studios. In 1938 he re- 
 turned to the United States, where he has 
 occasionally worked in Hollywood and has 
 written several mystery novels and fanta- 
 sies. 
 
 CARREL, CORA GAINES (May 7, 1860- 
 Oct. 23, 1927), was born in Lake County. 
 She was active in the Eastern Star and in 
 civic activities. A few years before her 
 death she moved to Los Angeles. 
 Buckeye Ballads, Cincinnati, 1900. 
 
 CARREL, MINNIE E. BUTLER (April 14, 
 1862-Sept. 14, 1938), was born in Lake 
 County. She married Fred Carrel around 
 1882 and lived in Willoughby. Besides 
 poems in periodicals and anthologies, she 
 published a collection: Fireside Poems, 
 [Madison, Wis.], 1923. 
 
 CARRIER, WARREN PENDLETON (1918- 
 ), was born in Cheviot, Hamilton County. 
 Educated at Wabash College, Miami Uni- 
 versity, and Harvard University, he has 
 taught English at the University of Iowa 
 and Bard College. He now lives in Sweet 
 Briar, Va. His publications include a book 
 of poems: Desire for Death, [Chapel Hill, 
 N. C, 1942]. 
 
 CARRIGAN, M. J. See James Emmitt. 
 
 CARRIGHAR, SALLY, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. She has written for 
 various motion-picture companies, 1923-28, 
 and for radio, 1928-38. Since 1938 she has 
 
101 
 
 Carter, A. G. W. 
 
 been a free-lance writer, specializing in na- 
 tural history. Her home now is in Lyme, 
 N. H. She has written several books, e.g., 
 One Day at Teton Marsh, New York, 1947. 
 
 CARRINGTON, HENRY BEEBEE (March 
 2, 1824-Oct. 26, 1912), soldier, was born 
 in Wallingford, Conn. He graduated from 
 Yale in 1845, and for a year and a half he 
 taught in Irving Institute, Tarrytown, N. Y., 
 where he was encouraged by Washington 
 Irving to write his Battles of the American 
 Revolution. After a course of study in the 
 Yale Law School, he moved to Columbus 
 in 1848. There he practiced law for twelve 
 years, nine of which were spent in partner- 
 ship with William Dennison, subsequently 
 governor of Ohio. He was one of the found- 
 ers of the Republican Party in Ohio and 
 a warm friend of Salmon P. Chase, who, as 
 governor, appointed him to a position on 
 his staff in 1857. Carrington's specific task 
 was the reorganization of the Ohio militia, 
 the successful accomplishment of which led 
 to his appointment as adjutant general. He 
 was reappointed by Chase's successor, 
 Governor Dennison. Following President 
 Lincoln's first call for troops, Carrington 
 demonstrated his ability by organizing and 
 mustering in nine regiments of Ohio mili- 
 tia. He was appointed colonel in the 18th 
 U. S. Infantry, and, at the request of Gov- 
 ernor Oliver P. Morton, he was detached 
 from his command and sent to Indiana, 
 where he superintended the recruiting of 
 more than 100,000 volunteers. He was pro- 
 moted to brigadier general, and under his 
 direction the disloyal Knights of the Golden 
 Circle and other subversive organizations 
 were uncovered. When mustered out of the 
 volunteers he rejoined the 18th Regiment, 
 then serving in the Army of the Cumber- 
 land. Late in 1865 he was ordered to the 
 Indian service in Nebraska, where he built 
 Fort Kearny, and participated in the Red 
 Cloud War and several independent engage- 
 ments. Suffering from a severe wound, he 
 was granted a year's leave of absence in 
 1869, and retired from the army in 1870. 
 He was professor of military science and 
 tactics at Wabash College, Ind., 1870-73. 
 He contributed many articles to leading 
 periodicals, and many of his addresses were 
 published separately. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 
 Ocean to Ocean. Pacific Railroad and Ad- 
 joining Territories . . . , Philadelphia, 
 1869. 
 
 Military Education in American Colleges, 
 [Indianapolis, 1870]. 
 
 Battles of the American Revolution, 1775- 
 1781 ... , New York, 1876. 
 
 Crisis Thoughts, Philadelphia, 1878. 
 
 Ohio Militia and the West Virginia Cam- 
 paign, 1861, [Marietta?], 1879. 
 
 Battle Maps and Charts of the American 
 Revolution . . . , New York, [1881]. 
 
 The Strategic Relations of New Jersey to 
 the War for American Independence, 
 Newark, N. L, 1885. 
 
 The Obelisk and Its Voices. The Inner Fac- 
 ings of Washington Monument with Their 
 Lessons, Boston, 1887. 
 
 Patriotic Reader . . . , Philadelphia, [1888]. 
 
 Kristopherus, the Christbearer, Boston, 
 [1892]. 
 
 Beacon Lights of Patriotism . . . , New 
 York, 1894. 
 
 Military Movements in Indiana, [Boston?, 
 18- ? ]. 
 
 Theodore D. Weld and a Famous Quartette 
 . . . , [Hyde Park?, Mass., 1904]. 
 
 The New Center of Gravity, the World- 
 Reapers of the Grand Army Harvest . . . , 
 [Boston?, 1905]. 
 
 Dream and Story, Boston, [1908]. 
 
 Washington the Soldier, Boston, 1908. 
 
 Winfteld Scott . . . , [Boston?, 1910]. 
 
 CARRINGTON, MARGARET IRVIN SUL- 
 LIVANT (1831-1870), was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County, the granddaughter of 
 the founder of that city. She married Gen- 
 eral Henry Beebee Carrington (q.v.), whom 
 she accompanied to the West when he was 
 assigned to the command of Fort Kearny, 
 Neb., in 1866. Ab-sa-ra-ka, Home of the 
 Crows, is an account of her experiences. 
 Thomas W. Field was of the opinion that 
 Mrs. Carrington had had little personal ex- 
 perience among the Indians; however, there 
 is in existence a letter from General Car- 
 rington in which he states that over half of 
 the Indian demonstrations described by her 
 "were under her own eye." 
 Ab-sa-ra-ka Home of the Crows: Being the 
 Experience of an Officer's Wife on the 
 Plains . . . , Philadelphia, 1868. 
 
 CARSON, JULIA MARGARET HICKS (Mrs. 
 William J.), born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County, was graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1921 and from the School of 
 Law, Yale University, in 1926. She has 
 directed research for the League of Women 
 Voters in several cities and now lives in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. She has written a history 
 of the U.S.O. and several biographies, e.g., 
 Son of Thunder, Patrick Henry, New York, 
 1942. WW AW 1 
 
 CARTER, ALFRED GEORGE WASHING- 
 TON (March 4, 1819-Feb. 21, 1885), lawyer 
 and judge, was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 
Carter, J. H. 
 
 102 
 
 ton County. After attending Alexander Kin- 
 mont's school and Miami University, he 
 read law with Judge Timothy Walker and 
 was admitted to the bar. He was elected 
 prosecuting attorney of Hamilton County 
 and later served two terms as judge of the 
 common pleas court. Besides the volume of 
 reminiscences listed below, he wrote articles 
 on drama for the press and also wrote sev- 
 eral plays, including a dramatization of Les 
 Miserables which was presented at Pike's 
 Opera House. 
 
 The Old Court House . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1880. 
 
 CARTER, JOHN HENTON (May 3, 1832- 
 March 2, 1910), journalist, was born in 
 Marietta, Washington County. After his fa- 
 ther died, his mother took the family to her 
 former home in Liverpool, England, but 
 after two years they returned to Marietta. 
 From 1846 to 1870 he worked on steam- 
 boats in various capacities, usually super- 
 vising the galleys. One of the many legends 
 concerning him is that on the first day of 
 a voyage he would serve such rich, tempt- 
 ing food that many passengers became ill 
 and ate little for the rest of the trip. During 
 the Civil War he lived in Columbus, Ky., 
 and other river towns. In 1866 he moved to 
 Cairo, 111., and in 1870 to St. Louis, where 
 he was river editor of the Globe-Democrat. 
 Around 1871 he began publishing annual 
 almanacs, Commodore Rollingpin's Al- 
 manac. In Chapter XVI of Life on the Mis- 
 sissippi, his friend Mark Twain quoted 
 speed records from one of the almanacs. In 
 1883 he went to New York with Joseph 
 Pulitzer to write for the World. He returned 
 to St. Louis about six years later as a free- 
 lance writer and lecturer. He spent the last 
 five years of his life at the home of a 
 daughter in Marietta, and he died in that 
 community. He is still remembered there 
 for his colorful personality and flamboyant 
 costumes. Thomas Rutherton, which is 
 based on his early life, Ozark Postoffice, 
 and Mississippi Argonauts were published 
 under his own name; the others appeared 
 under the pen name Commodore Rolling- 
 pin. 
 The Log of Commodore Rollingpin . . . , 
 
 New York, 1874. 
 Thomas Rutherton. A Novel, New York, 
 
 [1890]. 
 Duck Creek Ballads, New York, [1894]. 
 Log Cabin Poems, St. Louis, 1897. 
 The Impression Club; A Novel, New York, 
 
 1899. 
 The Man at the Wheel . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 1899. 
 Ozark Postoffice . . . , St. Louis, 1899. 
 
 Out Here in 01' Missoury, St. Louis, 1900. 
 Mississippi Argonauts; A Tale of the South, 
 New York, 1903. 
 
 CARTWRIGHT, PETER (Sept. 1, 1785- 
 Sept. 25, 1872), frontier Methodist preacher, 
 preached in Ohio in 1805-06 on the Scioto 
 and Hohocking circuits and the following 
 year on the Marietta circuit. A vivid ac- 
 count of the frontier is found in his auto- 
 biography (1857). 
 
 CARVER, GEORGE (Dec. 19, 1888-Oct. 29. 
 1949), educator, was born in Cincinnati. 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Miami University in 1916. From 1923 until 
 his death, he was on the English faculty of 
 the University of Pittsburgh. Besides a 
 number of textbooks and articles, he wrote 
 a book of biographical sketches: Alms for 
 Oblivion . . . , Milwaukee, [1946]. WWW 3 
 
 CARY, ALICE (April 26, 1820-Feb. 12, 
 1871), poet, was born near Mount 
 Healthy, Hamilton County. Her introduc- 
 tion to poetry came largely from her school 
 readers and the "Poet's Corner" in a Uni- 
 versalist paper to which her parents sub- 
 scribed. Her mother died in 1835, and two 
 years later Robert Cary married again. The 
 stepmother considered the reading and writ- 
 ing of poetry a waste of time, and Alice 
 and her younger sister, Phoebe (q.v. ). 
 found the home atmosphere uncongenial 
 until their father built a separate house for 
 himself and his wife. Alice's first poem ap- 
 peared in the Cincinnati Sentinel in 1838, 
 and soon her verse was appearing in Cin- 
 cinnati periodicals, the National Era, 
 Graham's Magazine, and others. Her poem 
 "Pictures of Memory" was praised highly 
 by Poe. The two sisters came to the atten- 
 tion of Rufus P. Griswold, who supervised 
 the publication of Poems of Alice and 
 Phoebe Cary, New York, 1849. In 1850 the 
 sisters visited New York and New England. 
 The highlight of the trip was a visit to 
 Whittier. In November, Alice moved to 
 New York, and in April of the following 
 year, Phoebe joined her. They established 
 themselves in a small cottage, where they 
 held open house each Sunday evening. 
 Horace Greeley was perhaps their most 
 regular visitor, but others included George 
 Ripley, P. T. Barnum. Thomas Bailey Al- 
 drich, and Whitelaw Reid. Although both 
 sisters sympathized with the women's rights 
 movement, they were not militant reform- 
 ers. Alice was named first president of the 
 Woman's Club (later the Sorosis), the first 
 women's club in the United States. An in- 
 valid in her last years, Alice continued to 
 
103 
 
 Case, L. 
 
 receive friends and admirers until her death. 
 Her novels are melodramatic and reflect 
 her somewhat restricted experience. Clover- 
 nook, based on memories of her childhood 
 on a farm, contains some elements of real- 
 ism, but the general tone is sentimental. Her 
 poetry, highly esteemed during her life- 
 time, suffers also from an excess of senti- 
 mentality. 
 Poems of Alice and Phoebe Cary, New 
 
 York, 1849. 
 Clovernook; Or, Recollections of Our Neigh- 
 borhood in the West, 2 vols., New York, 
 
 1852-53. 
 Hagar; A Story of Today, New York, 1852. 
 Lyra, and Other Poems, New York, 1852. 
 Clovernook Children, Boston, 1855. 
 Poems, Boston, 1855. 
 
 Married, Not Mated . . . , New York, 1856. 
 Ballads, Lyrics, and Hymns, New York, 
 
 1866. 
 The Bishop's Son, New York, 1867. 
 Snow-Berries. A Book for Young Folks, 
 
 Boston, 1867. 
 A Lover's Diary, Boston, 1868. 
 The Last Poems of Alice and Phoebe Cary, 
 
 (Mary Clemmer Ames, ed.), New York, 
 
 1873. 
 Ballads for Little Folks, New York, 1874. 
 The Poetical Works of Alice and Phoebe 
 
 Cary . . . , New York, 1877. 
 Early and Late Poems of Alice and Phoebe 
 
 Cary, Boston, 1887. 
 
 CARY, PHOEBE (Sept. 4, 1824-July 31, 
 1871), younger sister of Alice Cary (q.v.), 
 was born on the family farm at Mount 
 Healthy, Hamilton County. She shared 
 Alice's interest in reading and writing poetry 
 and published her first poem in a Boston 
 newspaper at the age of fourteen. In April, 
 1851, she and her younger sister, Elmina, 
 who died in 1862, joined Alice in New 
 York City. More robust than Alice, she 
 assumed most of the domestic duties in the 
 New York home. Visitors who left written 
 records of the social evenings with the 
 Cary sisters invariably commended her 
 flashing wit. She was a firm believer in spiri- 
 tualism during her last years. Overshadowed 
 by her older sister during her lifetime, she 
 was chiefly admired for the hymn "'Nearer 
 Home." She was also, however, a skillful 
 parodist and a clever writer of light verse. 
 She died at Newport, R. I., five months after 
 the death of her older sister. For collections 
 of the verse of both sisters, see the sketch of 
 Alice Cary. 
 
 Poems and Parodies, Boston, 1854. 
 Poems of Faith, Hope and Love, New York, 
 1868. 
 
 CARY, SAMUEL FENTON (Feb. 18, 1814- 
 Sept. 29, 1900), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He was a first cousin of 
 Alice and Phoebe Cary (qq.v.). After gradu- 
 ating from Miami University in 1835 and 
 Cincinnati Law School in 1837, he prac- 
 ticed law until 1845, when he abandoned 
 his practice to devote himself to the cause 
 of temperance. He edited various temper- 
 ance papers. He served in the 40th Con- 
 gress and in 1876 was the candidate for 
 vice-president on the Greenback ticket. 
 
 Cary Memorials . . . , Cincinnati, 1874. 
 General Samuel F. Cary on the Aims of 
 
 the Independent Greenback Party . . . , 
 
 [New York, 1876]. 
 
 CASE, ALDEN BUELL (July 25, 1851-Oct. 
 27, 1932), clergyman, was born in Gusta- 
 vus, Trumbull County. He graduated from 
 Tabor College in 1878 and Yale Divinity 
 School in 1881. Ordained a Congregational 
 minister in 1881, he filled various mission- 
 ary posts in South Dakota, California, and 
 Mexico until his retirement in 1925. He 
 died in Pomona, Calif. He wrote Thirty 
 Years with the Mexicans . . . , New York, 
 [1917]. 
 
 CASE, LEONARD (June 27, 1820-Jan. 6, 
 1880), philanthropist and occasional writer, 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 the second son of Leonard Case, a promin- 
 ent lawyer and land agent. After graduat- 
 ing from Yale University in 1842 and study- 
 ing law for two years at Cincinnati Law 
 School, he opened a law office in Cleveland. 
 His practice was highly selective, being 
 largely limited to his father's land business. 
 He and his brother William organized a 
 group of young men who called themselves 
 "Arkites," an organization that later became 
 the Rowfant Club. Following an illness con- 
 tracted while touring Europe, Case was a 
 partial invalid. He never married. After his 
 father's death in 1864, he devoted himself 
 to travel, writing, and philanthropy. He en- 
 dowed the Cleveland Library Association 
 and assisted in the founding of the Western 
 Reserve Historical Society. His major bene- 
 faction, however, was the establishment of 
 the Case School of Applied Science (Case 
 Institute of Technology), which opened its 
 doors in 1881. Case wrote long descriptive 
 letters to his friends while traveling and 
 published numerous poems. In 1860 the 
 Atlantic Monthly printed his "Treasure 
 Trove," a mock-heroic narrative poem, 
 which was published in book form late in 
 1872, dated 1873. 
 Treasure Trove, Boston, 1873. 
 
Cass 
 
 104 
 
 CASS, LEWIS (Oct. 9, 1772-June 17, 1866), 
 soldier and statesman, was an Ohio resi- 
 dent from 1800, when he came to Marietta 
 to study law, until 1813, when he was ap- 
 pointed governor of Michigan. He pub- 
 lished numerous political and historical 
 speeches. While minister to France ( 1836— 
 42), he wrote a series of essays: France; Its 
 King, Court, and Government, New York, 
 1840. 
 
 CASSELMAN, ARTHUR VALE (July 20, 
 1874-May 1, 1957), clergyman, was born 
 in Minerva, Stark County. He graduated 
 from Heidelberg College in 1895 and from 
 Heidelberg Seminary in 1898. Ordained in 
 the Reformed Church, he served a pastorate 
 in Columbiana, 1898-1902, another in 
 Reading, Pa., 1906-21, and held various 
 executive positions associated with the mis- 
 sionary work of his church. His writings in- 
 clude The End of the Beginning; A Nar- 
 rative of the Missionary Enterprise of the 
 Reformed Church, Philadelphia, 1936. 
 WWW 3 
 
 CATHCART, WALLACE HUGH (April 2, 
 1865-Sept. 6, 1942), was born in Elyria, 
 Lorain County. He graduated from Denison 
 University in 1890 and served as librarian 
 during his attendance there. He was secre- 
 tary of the Taylor Austin Co., 1890-97, and 
 general manager of Burrows Brothers, 
 1897-1914. His writings include a bibliog- 
 raphy of Hawthorne and The Association in 
 Baptist History, [Cleveland?, 1911?]. WW 
 21 
 
 CATHERWOOD, MARY HARTWELL (Dec. 
 16, 1847-Dec. 26, 1902), was born in 
 Luray, Licking County. Out of her many 
 writings and activities comes the necessity 
 to mention her in several small ways when- 
 ever the story of American fiction between 
 1875 and 1900 is recounted. Fred Lewis 
 Pattee has pointed out, for example, that 
 she was the first American woman novelist 
 of any significance born west of the Ap- 
 palachians; furthermore, she was the first 
 woman writer of any prominence to acquire 
 a college education and to be graduated 
 not from a school in the East but from a 
 new college sprung up in Ohio. Such 
 "firsts," of course, are scarcely more than 
 the curiosities of time and geography and 
 would not alone warrant much special men- 
 tion of Mrs. Catherwood. Another peri- 
 pheral reason for recalling her is that dur- 
 ing the hot debate raging in the 1880s and 
 1890s over the "new realism," Mrs. Cather- 
 wood was chief spokesman for Middle 
 Western conservatism when the controversy 
 
 reached the clashing point at the Chicago 
 World's Fair in the summer of 1893. Young 
 Hamlin Garland, who appeared at the liter- 
 ary conference there as the chief apostle 
 for the new faith, has recorded his flurry 
 with Mrs. Catherwood as one of the minor 
 episodes in the history of American criti- 
 cism. Somewhat more directly important 
 in the literary story is the negative fact that 
 Mrs. Catherwood's greatest fame in her own 
 lifetime came from her numerous historical 
 romances, beginning with The Romance 
 of Dollard (1889), which led in the revival 
 of this reactionary and decadent phenom- 
 enon in the 1890s. Though these artifi- 
 cially romantic novels gave her national ac- 
 claim, they are very nearly dead now and 
 hold little respect in later critical evalua- 
 tions of her work. More positive is the fact 
 that, a decade earlier, Mrs. Catherwood 
 had been experimenting with little excur- 
 sions into the critically realistic reporting of 
 life as she knew it in the Corn Belt farm 
 and village communities where she had 
 lived in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Her 
 chronicling of the sordidness and bitterness 
 she recognized there had appeared first in 
 local sketches and stories in local Indiana 
 papers, such as the novelette, "A Little 
 God," printed in the Kokomo Weekly Dis- 
 patch (1878-79). These culminated in 
 the novel Craque-O'-Doom, based upon the 
 provincial barrenness of the Ohio town of 
 Hebron, where she had spent her girlhood, 
 at the intersection of the Ohio Canal and 
 the Old National Road. This critical vein 
 in American fiction, which fifty years later 
 was to be commonly rated as important, is 
 usually dated from E. W. Howe's The Story 
 of a Country Town (1883) and Joseph 
 Kirkland's Zury: The Meanest Man in 
 Spring County (1887). Mrs. Catherwood's 
 Craque-O'-Doom, though not so well writ- 
 ten as either of these, antedated both and 
 was the forerunner of all the later Wines- 
 burgs. Although Mrs. Catherwood did not 
 elect to develop this line of frank reportage, 
 out of it grew her two groups of best writ- 
 ings. Had she stuck to it, Professor Pattee 
 has said, she might have become the Mary 
 E. Wilkins of the West. As it was, she was 
 the pioneer and only exploiter during the 
 1880s of old Corn Belt regional material 
 in the established local-color tradition. The 
 June, 1882, issue of William Dean Howells' 
 Atlantic Monthly, for example, included 
 her short story "Serena," a thinly plotted 
 but well-integrated little tale packed full of 
 the manners, customs, folk beliefs, and 
 people that Mrs. Catherwood remembered 
 from the Buckeye Lake farm communities 
 of central Ohio in the 1850s and 1860s. 
 
105 
 
 Catherwood 
 
 Other stories descriptive of the same sort 
 of life in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois were 
 appearing in Lippincott's, Ladies' Reposi- 
 tory, Harper's Bazaar, and elsewhere. They 
 continued to appear throughout Mrs. 
 Catherwood's life. Through sheer vitality 
 of realistic color combined with a pleasant 
 romanticism, such stories as "The Stirring- 
 Off" and "The Queen of the Swamp" (both 
 from the Hebron-Buckeye I.ake-Kirkers- 
 ville swamp country of the 1850s) continue 
 to appear in anthologies and are the best 
 reporting that the "local-color" era saw 
 from this oldest part of the Cornlands cul- 
 ture belt. During the 1890s, Mrs. Cather- 
 wood produced a second notable group of 
 regional tales, which are now her best- 
 known works. These dealt with French life, 
 particularly that which was to be found 
 along the Canadian border. Although nearly 
 all of these French tales contain some 
 period material reflecting the historical in- 
 terpretations of Francis Parkman and the 
 long romances that were now Mrs. Cather- 
 wood's major literary effort, they are es- 
 sentially regional in quality, taking their 
 central interest from the vivid minutiae of 
 speech, manners, personalities, and action 
 that the author delighted in. These stories, 
 which follow the St. Lawrence and the 
 Great Lakes all the way from Acadia (as 
 in "The Chase of Saint-Castin") to primi- 
 tive Sault Sainte Marie (as in "The Wind- 
 igo"), or to nineteenth century Mackinac 
 Island (as in "The Mothers of Honore"), 
 represent the best integration of Mrs. 
 Catherwood's particular narrative powers. 
 They are the portions of her writing most 
 frequently reprinted today. Their greatest 
 strength lies in an ability to combine more 
 or less idealistic, but simple and often 
 hauntingly charming, plots with a wealth of 
 memorable local-color detail. Throughout 
 her long writing career Mrs. Catherwood 
 also wrote many juvenile works, one of 
 which, Rocky Fork, is still in print and is 
 probably the best firsthand fictional reflec- 
 tion of a central Ohio rural school district 
 in the 1860s. With this resume of her liter- 
 ary importance as a background, her life 
 story takes on considerable interest. The 
 daughter of Dr. Marcus and Phoebe Thomp- 
 son Hartwell, Mrs. Catherwood was born 
 Dec. 16, 1847. in Luray, on the Old 
 National Road, in Licking County. When 
 she was about nine, the Hartwells, in a 
 group of Ohio families, migrated to Mil- 
 ford, Iroquois County. 111. In 1857. a 
 year after moving to Milford, the father 
 died, and the mother one year later, leaving 
 eleven-year-old Mary with a younger sister 
 and brother. The three orphans were re- 
 
 turned to Ohio and reared by maternal 
 grandparents in Hebron. The Hebron years 
 that ensued Mrs. Catherwood reported in 
 later years as very unhappv. She often re- 
 turned to this neighborhood in her stories, 
 usually reporting Hebron unpleasantly, as 
 in Craque-O'-Doom. On the other hand, 
 she often used the neighboring farm region 
 of Luray. George's Chapel, the pigeon 
 swamps, and Buckeye Lake, where many of 
 her relatives lived, as a land of idyllic es- 
 cape, as in "The Stirring-Off" and "The 
 Queen of the Swamp." At the age of 
 fourteen, she began teaching in various 
 country schools of Licking County. Then 
 two years later she was publishing her first 
 poems and sketches in the Newark, Ohio. 
 North American, and in 1865 at the age of 
 eighteen, with the aid of M. L. Wilson 
 (q.v. ), editor of the North American, was 
 admitted to Granville Female College, 
 where in 1868 she finished a four-year 
 course at the end of three years. She later 
 used the Granville setting for various short 
 stories, the novel A Woman in Armor, and 
 the juveniles Rocky Fork and Bony and 
 Ban. While teaching in Granville and in 
 Danville, 111., 1868-74, she developed her 
 free-lance writing skills and in April, 
 1871, won a $100 prize for a short story 
 published in Wood's Household Magazine. 
 She immediately became a regular contrib- 
 utor to Wood's and to other periodicals and 
 was encouraged by these successes to leave 
 teaching in the autumn of 1874 and go to 
 Newburgh, N. Y., the home of Wood's, to 
 support herself by free-lance writing. It 
 was a rather daring venture for a young 
 Middle Western woman in the 1870s, but 
 Mary Hartwell seems to have succeeded 
 fairly well for a time. In May, 1875, she 
 moved to Cincinnati along with Helen Os- 
 borne (later Mrs. Henry Edward Krehbiel) 
 to write for Golden Hours, Ladies' Reposi- 
 tory, and other publications. Her first novel, 
 A Woman in Armor, appeared in 1875. 
 In 1876, she was forced by the economic 
 depression to return to the help of friends 
 and relatives in Illinois. The Cincinnati 
 years are reflected in a juvenile, The Dog- 
 berry Bunch, which is said to have inspired 
 the writing of Five Li, tie Peppers. In 1877, 
 she married lames Steele Catherwood of 
 Hoopeston, III., and resided for a time in 
 Oakford (Fairfield), Ind. Here she became 
 a regular contributor to local papers, estab- 
 lished an important friendship with lames 
 Whitcomb Riley, and was soon seeking the 
 national field again through a voluminous 
 output of stories, articles, and juveniles. 
 From 1879 to 1882, the Catherwoods re- 
 sided in Indianapolis, where she was dra- 
 
Caulkins 
 
 106 
 
 matic reviewer for the Saturday Review, 
 published her second novel, Craque-O'- 
 Doom, and was at the center of the liter- 
 ary group that included Riley, Benjamin 
 Parker, and other young Hoosiers. Oakford 
 and other Indiana rural scenes appear in 
 numerous sketches, stories, and serials dur- 
 ing these years in Lippincott's, Harper's 
 Bazaar, and elsewhere. In 1882, the Cather- 
 woods moved to Hoopeston, 111., which 
 was to be their home the rest of her life 
 except for summers on Mackinac Island, 
 and a Chicago residence from 1897 to 1902. 
 A son was born and died in 1883. Her 
 daughter Hazel (Mrs. Donald P. Cameron) 
 was born in 1884. In 1886. Mrs. Cather- 
 wood with Riley, Maurice Thompson, and 
 other authors from the Middle West or- 
 ganized, at Indianapolis, the Western As- 
 sociation of Writers, which continued for 
 two decades to be an important though con- 
 servative literary force in the middle states. 
 Mrs. Catherwood, now under the influence 
 of Parkman, became absorbed in the ancien 
 regime of French-America. Many stories 
 and novels resulted in rapid succession, 
 most of which appeared first in the Century, 
 Harper's or the Atlantic. Books dealing 
 with the Western Corn Belt during the 
 same period were The Spirit of an Illinois 
 Town, and The Queen of the Swamp, and 
 Other Plain Americans. There was a flood 
 also of juveniles and miscellaneous material. 
 Lazarre, her last novel, was based upon the 
 popular tradition of the "Lost Dauphin." 
 In addition to enjoying a best-seller run, it 
 was given a successful dramatization by 
 Otis Skinner. It has some small continuing 
 value today in the fact that a fictional epi- 
 sode between the Dauphin and Johnny 
 Appleseed soon broke away from the novel 
 and has become firmly established in the 
 Appleseed folk canon of the Middle West. 
 Out of the tremendous bulk of her rapid 
 output, a few Corn Belt and French border 
 local-color short stories have shown the 
 vitality of true art and deserve now to be 
 collected into a standard volume. Some of 
 the best of the Ohio-Indiana-Illinois tales 
 are to be found scattered through various 
 periodicals of the 1880's and in the little 
 collection The Queen of the Swamp. 
 
 Robert Price 
 
 A Woman in Armor . . . , New York, 
 
 1875. 
 Craque-0 '-Doom. A Story, Philadelphia, 
 
 1881. 
 Rocky Fork, Boston, [1882]. 
 Old Caravan Days, Boston, [1884]. 
 The Romance of Dollard, New York, 
 
 [1889]. 
 The Story of Tonty, Chicago, 1890. 
 
 The Lady of Fort St. John, Boston, 1891. 
 Old Kaskaskia, Boston, 1893. 
 The White Islander, New York, 1893. 
 The Chase of Saint-Castin and Other Stories 
 
 of the French in the New World, Boston, 
 
 1894. 
 The Days of Jeanne d'Arc, New York, 1897. 
 The Spirit of an Illinois Town, and the 
 
 Little Renault . . . , Boston, 1897. 
 Bony and Ban, The Story of a Printing Ven- 
 ture, Boston, [1898]. 
 Heroes of the Middle West; The French, 
 
 Boston, 1898. 
 Mackinac and Lake Stories, New York, 
 
 1899. 
 The Queen of the Swamp, and Other Plain 
 
 Americans, Boston, 1899. 
 Spanish Peggv: A Story of Young Illinois, 
 
 Chicago, 1899. 
 Lazarre, Indianapolis, [1901]. 
 
 CAULKINS, DANIEL (July 24, 1824-1902), 
 physician, was born in Sullivan County, 
 Vt. After attending Bancroft Academy and 
 the Troy Conference Seminary, he served 
 in the Mexican War. He studied medicine 
 and afterward practiced and taught school 
 in Farmer and Williams Center. In 1896 he 
 moved to Toledo, where he spent his last 
 years. His book describes a flying machine 
 to be driven by "electric-magnetic power." 
 The principle, he said, he discovered through 
 study of the nervous system. Although he 
 threatened to turn his invention over to a 
 foreign power unless it was promptly ac- 
 cepted by the United States, it seems to 
 have made no greater impact than his earlier 
 discovery of the "circulation of the nerves." 
 Aerial Navigation; The Best Method, Toledo, 
 1895. 
 
 CAVANAUGH, JOHN WILLIAM (May 21, 
 1870-March 22, 1935), Roman Catholic 
 priest and president of the University of 
 Notre Dame, 1905-19, was born in Lee- 
 tonia, Columbiana County. He graduated 
 from Notre Dame in 1890 and was ordained 
 to the priesthood in 1894. 
 St. Paul, the Apostle of the World, New 
 
 York, 1895. 
 The Priests of Holy Cross, Notre Dame, 
 
 [1904]. 
 Conquest of Life, Notre Dame, [n.d.]. 
 The Modesty of Culture, Notre Dame. 
 
 [n.d.]. 
 
 CHAFER, LEWIS SPERRY (Feb. 27, 1871- 
 Aug. 22, 1952), clergyman, was born in 
 Rock Creek, Ashtabula County. He gradu- 
 ated from Oberlin College in 1892 and was 
 ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1900. 
 
107 
 
 Chamberlin, W. H. 
 
 After a career as a traveling evangelist, 
 1900-24, he founded Dallas Theological 
 Seminary. His death occurred in Seattle, 
 Wash. His writings were religious in nature, 
 e.g., Grace, [Philadelphia, 1922]. WWW 3 
 
 CHALLEN, JAMES (Jan. 29, 1802-Dec. 9, 
 1878), clergyman, was born in Hackensack, 
 N. J. After attending Transylvania College, 
 he came to Cincinnati in 1825, and that 
 city remained his home for the rest of his 
 life. As pastor of Enon Baptist Church, he 
 led his congregation in forming the First 
 Church of Disciples of Christ. He was ac- 
 tive in forming new churches and traveled 
 widely throughout the United States as a 
 Disciples missionary. A prolific writer, he 
 published many essays and poems in peri- 
 odicals, prepared question books on the 
 Bible, edited several magazines and an- 
 nuals, and also edited the Juvenile Library 
 in 41 volumes (1859). 
 The Cave of Machpelah and Other Poems, 
 
 Philadelphia, 1854. 
 The Gospel and Its Elements, Philadelphia, 
 
 1856. 
 Christian Evidences, Philadelphia, 1857. 
 Frank Eliott; Or, Wells in the Desert, Phila- 
 delphia, 1859. 
 Igdrasil; Or, the Tree of Existence, Phila- 
 delphia, 1859. 
 Island of the Giant Fairies, Philadelphia, 
 1868. 
 
 CHALMERS, ALLEN KNIGHT (June 30, 
 1897- ), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He 
 graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 
 1917 and Yale Divinity School in 1922. 
 Ordained a Congregational minister in 1922, 
 he served a church in New York City until 
 1948, when he joined the faculty of Boston 
 University School of Theology. His books 
 include Candles in the Wind, New York, 
 1941. WW 30 
 
 CHALMERS, JEAN (d. Sept. 28, 1939), was 
 born in Michigan, but lived in Toledo after 
 her marriage to W. W. Chalmers, who served 
 in the U. S. House of Representatives, 
 1920-30. During her stay in Washington 
 she published a volume of poems: Wash- 
 ington People, Places and Other Poems, 
 [Toledo, 1928]. 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN, ERNEST BARRETT (Jan. 
 22, 1883- ), editor and school consult- 
 ant, was born in Oberlin, Lorain County. 
 He graduated from Oberlin College in 1904 
 and from the seminary in 1910. He taught 
 English and music in several institutions be- 
 fore devoting himself to public relations in 
 
 the field of education. Since his retirement, 
 he has lived in Oberlin. His writings include 
 Our Independent Schools . . . , [New York, 
 1944]. LE 3 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN, JACOB (April 13, 1835- 
 March 2, 1908), missionary, born in Sharon, 
 Conn., was reared in Hudson, where his 
 family moved in 1838. He graduated from 
 Western Reserve College in 1856 and con- 
 tinued his education in the fields of theology 
 (Union Seminary and Rutgers) and medi- 
 cine (New York University and Western 
 Reserve College). In 1859 he was ordained 
 a missionary of the Dutch Reformed Church 
 and sailed for India, where he devoted his 
 life to evangelistic and medical endeavors. 
 He mastered the Telugu and Tamil lan- 
 guages, preached widely, and established 
 several hospitals. 
 
 The Bible Tested in India, New York, 1878. 
 In the Tiger Jungle and Other Stories of 
 Missionary Work among the Telugus of 
 India, New York, [1896]. 
 The Religions of the Orient, 1896. 
 The Cobra's Den, and Other Stories of Mis- 
 sionary Work among the Telugus of In- 
 dia, New York, [1900]. 
 The Kingdom in India, Its Progress and Its 
 Promise, New York, [1908]. 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN, WILLIAM ISAAC (Feb. 
 11, 1837-June 30, 1920), brother of Jacob 
 Chamberlain (q.v.), was born in Sharon, 
 Conn., and was brought to Hudson when 
 he was a year old. He received an M.A. 
 degree from Western Reserve College in 
 1861. He taught Latin and Greek at West- 
 ern Reserve, 1859-66, was Ohio State Sec- 
 retary of Agriculture, 1880-86, and was 
 president of Iowa Agricultural College, 
 1886-90. He also served in editorial capaci- 
 ties on the Ohio Farmer and The National 
 Stockman and Farmer. 
 Tile Drainage, [n.p.], 1891. 
 
 CHAMBERLIN, WILLIAM FOSDICK (Feb. 
 20, 1870-July 28, 1943), businessman, was 
 born in Randolph, N. Y., but his family 
 moved to Dayton when he was three years 
 old, and he grew up in that city. After 
 graduating from Denison University in 1890, 
 he entered the insurance business. He was 
 active in musical activities in Dayton. Be- 
 sides a history of his college fraternity, Phi 
 Gamma Delta, he wrote an autobiographical 
 book: / Remember, Newark, 1942. 
 
 CHAMBERLIN, WILLIAM HENRY (Oct. 
 19, 1833-March 11, 1912), was born in 
 Ross County. He was commissioned first 
 
Chambers, J. J. 
 
 108 
 
 lieutenant in the 81st O.V.I., Oct. 1, 1861, 
 and resigned with the rank of major, Sept. 
 15, 1864. His faithful chronicle of the serv- 
 ices of the 81st O.V.I, was one of the first 
 Ohio regimental histories written after the 
 war. From 1895 to 1898 he was recorder 
 of the Ohio commandery of the Military 
 Order of the Loyal Legion of the U. S., in 
 which capacity he edited volumes IV and 
 V of the splendid Sketches of War History 
 published by that organization. For a time 
 he was head of the Associated Press bureau 
 in Cincinnati. 
 
 History of the Eighty-first Regiment . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1865. 
 
 CHAMBERS, JAMES JULIUS (Nov. 21, 
 
 1850-Feb. 12, 1920), journalist, was born 
 in Bellefontaine, Logan County. After grad- 
 uating from Cornell University in 1870, he 
 became a reporter on the New York Tribune. 
 Two years later, at the height of the con- 
 troversy over the source of the Mississippi 
 River, he explored its headwaters and dis- 
 covered Elk Lake and the connecting stream 
 which bears his name. Returning to New 
 York he contrived to have himself com- 
 mitted to the Bloomingdale Asylum; gaining 
 his release after ten days, he published dis- 
 closures which resulted in the liberation of 
 twelve sane persons and a revision of New 
 York's lunacy laws. In 1873 he joined the 
 staff of the New York Herald, serving as 
 correspondent in various parts of the world; 
 he became managing editor in 1886, and 
 the following year he launched the Paris 
 Herald. He was managing editor of the 
 New York World, 1889-91. His remaining 
 years were spent in travel and writing. 
 A Mad World and Its Inhabitants, London, 
 
 1876. 
 On a Margin . . . , New York, 1884. 
 Lovers Four and Maidens Five . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1886. 
 "In Sargasso" . . . , New York, 1896. 
 A Woman's Mistake, London, 1896. 
 The Rascal Club, London, [1897]. 
 The Destiny of Doris . . . , New York, 
 
 1901. 
 The Mississippi River and Its Wonderful 
 
 Valley . . . , New York, 1910. 
 The Book of New York; Forty Years' Recol- 
 lections . . . , New York, [1912]. 
 News Hunting on Three Continents, New 
 York, 1921. 
 
 CHAMBERS, MERRITT MADISON (Jan. 
 26, 1899- ), educator, was born in Knox 
 County. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1922 and Ohio State Univer- 
 sity (Ph.D.) in 1931. He has operated La- 
 fayette Farms, Mt. Vernon, since 1951. 
 
 He has edited or written a variety of books 
 and bibliographies pertaining to education, 
 e.g., "Every Man a Brick!" The Status of 
 Military Training in American Universities, 
 Bloomington, 111., [1927]. WW 30 
 
 CHAMPNEY, ELIZABETH WILLIAMS 
 
 (Feb. 6, 1850-Oct. 13, 1922), was born 
 in Springfield, Clark County. She graduated 
 from Vassar College in 1869. In her later 
 years she chose to forget that she had 
 written the once very popular "Vassar Girls" 
 series, yet today the name of "Lizzie" 
 Champney is remembered only as the author 
 of that landmark in American juvenile lit- 
 erature. In 1873 she married the distin- 
 guished painter James Wells Champney, 
 who illustrated many of her books. Her 
 death occurred in Seattle, Wash. 
 In the Sky Garden, Boston, 1877. 
 All around a Palette, Boston, 1878. 
 Bourbon Lilies, Boston, 1878. 
 Entertainments, Boston, [1879]. 
 Rosemary and Rue, Boston, 1881. 
 Three Vassar Girls Abroad, Boston, 1883. 
 Three Vassar Girls in England, Boston, 
 
 1884. 
 Three Vassar Girls in Italy, Boston, 1885. 
 Three Vassar Girls in South America, Bos- 
 ton, 1885. 
 Great Grandmother's Girls in New France, 
 
 Boston, [1887]. 
 Three Vassar Girls in Tyrol, Boston, 1887. 
 Three Vassar Girls on the Rhine, Boston, 
 
 1887. 
 Great Grandmother's Girls in New Mexico, 
 
 Boston, [1888]. 
 Three Vassar Girls at Home, Boston, 1888. 
 Three Vassar Girls in France, Boston, 
 
 [1888]. 
 Three Vassar Girls in Russia and Turkey, 
 
 Boston, [1889]. 
 Witch Winnie; The Story of a "King's 
 
 Daughter," New York, [1889]. 
 Three Vassar Girls in Switzerland, Boston, 
 
 [1890]. 
 Witch Winnie's Mystery, New York, [1891]. 
 Three Vassar Girls in the Holy Land, Bos- 
 ton, [1892]. 
 Witch Winnie's Studio, New York, [1892]. 
 Six Boys, Boston, [1893]. 
 Witch Winnie in Paris, New York, [1893]. 
 Witch Winnie in Shinnecock, New York, 
 
 [1894]. 
 Paddv O'Lenrey and His Learned Pig, New 
 
 York, 1895.' 
 Witch Winnie at Versailles, New York, 
 
 [1895]. 
 Witch Winnie in Holland, New York, 1896. 
 Pierre and His Poodle. New York, 1897. 
 Witch Winnie in Venice, New York, 1897. 
 Witch Winnie in Spain, New York, 1898. 
 
109 
 
 Chapin 
 
 Patience, a Daughter of the Mayflower, New 
 York, 1899. 
 
 Anneke; A Little Dame of New Nether- 
 lands, New York, 1900. 
 
 The Romance of the Feudal Chateaux, New 
 York, 1900. 
 
 A Daughter of the Huguenots, New York, 
 1901. 
 
 Romance of the Renaissance Chateaux, New 
 York, 1901. 
 
 Margarita; A Legend of the Fight for the 
 Great River, New York, 1902. 
 
 Romance of the Bourbon Chateaux, New 
 York, 1903. 
 
 Romance of the French Abbeys, New York, 
 1905. 
 
 Romance of the Italian Villas, New York, 
 1906. 
 
 Romance of the Roman Villas, New York, 
 1908. 
 
 Romance of Imperial Rome, New York, 
 1910. 
 
 Romance of Old Belgium, (with Frere 
 Champney), New York, 1915. 
 
 Romance of Old Japan, (with Frere Champ- 
 ney), New York, 1917. 
 
 Romance of Russia, (with Frere Champ- 
 ney), New York, 1921. 
 
 CHANCELLOR, WILLIAM ESTABROOK 
 
 (Sept. 25, 1867- ), educator, was born 
 in Dayton, Montgomery County. He grad- 
 uated from Amherst College in 1889. After 
 teaching in high schools in the East, he 
 joined the faculty of the College of Wooster 
 in 1914. In 1927 he became professor of 
 economics at Xavier University, Cincinnati. 
 His residence in 1960 was a rest home in 
 Wooster. The author of many textbooks, he 
 also wrote a notorious attack on President 
 Harding's ancestry: Warren Gamaliel Hard- 
 ing, President of the United States. A Re- 
 view of Facts Collected from Anthropo- 
 logical, Historical and Political Researches, 
 [Wooster, 1922]. A less dubious claim to 
 remembrance is the book Our Presidents 
 and Their Office . . . , New York, 1912. 
 WW 26 
 
 CHANDLER, ALBERT RICHARD (May 
 25, 1884-March 22, 1957), educator, born 
 in Norwich, Conn., was a member of the 
 Ohio State University philosophy depart- 
 ment, 1914-51. He graduated from Dart- 
 mouth in 1908 and from Harvard (Ph.D.) 
 in 1913. He died in Worthington. He edited 
 an anthology, published a bibliography on 
 esthetics, and a book entitled Rosenberg's 
 Nazi Myth, Ithaca, N. Y., 1945. WW 27 
 
 CHANDLER, CHARLES DeFOREST (Dec. 
 24, 1878-May 18, 1939), army officer, was 
 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He 
 served in the U. S. Army, 1898-1920, and 
 was chief of the balloon section of the Air 
 Service in France during World War I. 
 In addition to several technical books and 
 manuals, a book written with Frank P. 
 Lahm was published posthumously: How 
 Our Army Grew Wings; Airmen and Air- 
 craft before 1914, New York, [1943]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 CHANDLER, FRANK WADLEIGH (June 
 16, 1873-June 13, 1947), educator, was 
 born in Brooklyn, N. Y. He graduated from 
 Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1891 
 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1899. 
 In 1910 he became professor of English 
 and comparative literature at the University 
 of Cincinnati. He retired in 1943. Besides 
 a number of textbooks he wrote several 
 critical studies, e.g., Modern Continental 
 Playwrights, New York, 1931. WWW 2 
 
 CHANDLER-TUCKER, GERTRUDE LEE 
 
 (Dec. 23, 1872-March 23, 1953), was born 
 in Chandlerville, 111. She spent part of her 
 girlhood in Cleveland, and after her mar- 
 riage to Stanley Tucker she lived in Wil- 
 loughby. Under the name Gertrude Lee 
 she published at least three collections of 
 verse, e.g., Scattered Gems, Boston, [1930]. 
 
 CHANNING, WILLIAM ELLERY (Nov. 29, 
 1818-Dec. 23, 1901), nephew of the founder 
 of American Unitarianism, lived for a brief 
 period in Cincinnati, where his uncle, James 
 H. Perkins (q.v.), was a Unitarian minister. 
 After deciding to discontinue his Harvard 
 course of study, Channing went to Illinois 
 in 1839, where he lived in a log hut for a 
 time. He then went to Cincinnati, where he 
 read law and wrote for the Gazette. He 
 left in 1842 to settle in Concord, Mass., so 
 that he could be near Emerson. Channing 
 was a prolific and undisciplined poet. His 
 best-known work is probably Thoreau, the 
 Poet-Naturalist, Boston, 1873. 
 
 CHANNING, WILLIAM HENRY (May 25, 
 1810-Dec. 23, 1884), Unitarian minister, 
 served as pastor of a Unitarian church in 
 Cincinnati from 1839 to 1841. During the 
 same period he edited the Western Messen- 
 ger. A fairly prolific writer, he is best known 
 for a three-volume biography of his uncle, 
 William Ellery Channing: The Life of Wil- 
 liam Ellery Channing, Boston, 1848. 
 
 CHAPIN, HENRY DWIGHT (Feb. 4, 1857- 
 June 27, 1942), physician and educator, 
 was born in Steubenville, Jefferson County. 
 He graduated from Princeton University in 
 
Chapman, E. S. 
 
 110 
 
 1877 and the New York College of Phy- 
 sicians and Surgeons in 1881. He practiced 
 in New York City and taught at the New 
 York Post-Graduate Medical School and 
 hospital. Besides his well-known Diseases 
 of Infants and Children and other profes- 
 sional works, he wrote several books for 
 popular consumption. His death occurred 
 in Bronxville, N. Y. 
 Diphtheria, [New York, 1890]. 
 Vital Questions, New York, [1905]. 
 Health First, the Fine Art of Living, New 
 
 York, 1917. 
 Heredity and Child Culture, New York, 
 
 [1922]. 
 
 CHAPMAN, ERVIN S. (June 23, 1838-Aug. 
 30, 1921). clergyman, was born in Defiance 
 County. He entered the United Brethren 
 ministry in 1870 and transferred to the 
 Presbyterian Church in 1883; he served as 
 a pastor in Ohio, Wyoming, and California. 
 An active temperance advocate, he wrote 
 many articles against liquor and Latest 
 Light on Abraham Lincoln, and War-Time 
 Memories . . . , New York, [1917]. WWW 1 
 
 CHAPMAN, LEE JACKSON (Dec. 22, 1867- 
 Feb. 14, 1953), physician, was born in cen- 
 tral Texas and was named for Confederate 
 generals. He studied at Lebanon University 
 and Starling Medical College, Ohio State 
 University. He lived and practiced in Co- 
 lumbus and in Lancaster. After losing his 
 sight in a blasting accident in 1925, he be- 
 gan writing poems, a collection of which 
 was published privately: Human Sunshine, 
 Lancaster, 1930. 
 
 CHAPMAN, ROSE WOODALLEN (June 25, 
 1875-Oct. 27, 1923), writer and lecturer, 
 daughter of Mary Wood-Allen (q.v.), was 
 born in Lakeside, Ottawa County. She was 
 active in the W.C.T.U. and in the American 
 Social Hygiene Association. She lectured 
 widely and wrote several books on child 
 training, e.g., The Moral Problem of the 
 Children, New York, [1911]. WWW 1 
 
 CHARLES, JOAN. Pseud. See Charlotte W. 
 Underwood. 
 
 CHARLESWORTH, RUBY HUGHES (May 
 27, 1905- ), was born in Greenville, Darke 
 County. She attended public schools in 
 Greenville and graduated from Asbury Col- 
 lege, Wilmore, Ky. She has published a 
 novel, Rain on the Roof, Philadelphia, 
 [1947]. 
 
 CHASE, JESSIE MacMILLAN ANDERSON 
 
 (May 6, 1865-June 28, 1949), was born in 
 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After grad- 
 uating from Smith College in 1886, she was 
 a tutor in Latin and Greek at Milton Acad- 
 emy. After marrying Robert S. Anderson, 
 an artist, she made her home in Boston. Be- 
 sides the titles below, she wrote several 
 textbooks. 
 
 Three Freshmen; Ruth, Fran, and Nathalie, 
 Boston, 1898. 
 
 Mayken; A Child's Story of the Nether- 
 lands in the Sixteenth Century, Chicago, 
 1902. 
 
 A Daughter of the Revolution, Boston, 
 1910. 
 
 Chan's Wife; A Story, Boston, 1919. 
 
 The Story of Paul Revere, Junior; Revolu- 
 tionary Days in Old Boston, Boston, 
 [1932]. 
 
 CHASE, JOHN A. (c.l828-May 13, 1907), 
 lawyer, was born in Trenton, Mich. Dur- 
 ing the Civil War he raised ten companies 
 for service and was colonel of the 14th 
 O.V.I. He afterward practiced law in To- 
 ledo, and his death occurred in that city. 
 History of the Fourteenth Ohio Regiment 
 . . . , Toledo, 1881. 
 
 CHASE, PHILANDER (Dec. 14, 1775- 
 Sept. 20, 1852), the first bishop of 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church in Ohio 
 and, later on, in Illinois, founder of Ken- 
 yon College at Gambier, was born at Corn- 
 ish, N. H., as the fifteenth child of a Con- 
 gregational family. While studying at 
 Dartmouth College (1791-96), he joined 
 the Episcopal Church. After graduation, 
 a year and a half of theological study under 
 an Anglican clergyman equipped him with 
 what was considered sufficient for ordina- 
 tion in those days; already married since 
 1796, he was ordained deacon in 1798 
 and priest in 1799. An enthusiastic mis- 
 sionary all through his life, he started his 
 career with missions work in upper New 
 York State. After having been rector in 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (1799-1805), New 
 Orleans (1805-11), and Hartford, Conn. 
 (1811-17), he came to Ohio in 1817 as 
 one of the first missionaries of his church to 
 minister to a sparse population of Episco- 
 palians. His feverish and adventurous activity 
 in preaching and organizing parishes in widely 
 scattered places all over the new state made 
 him conspicuous at once among the few 
 clergymen in Ohio, and in 1818 he was 
 elected bishop of the newly established 
 diocese. The task of organizing the diocese 
 in a half-wilderness which had just been 
 opened up to settlement, with new settlers 
 coming in great numbers, appealed to his 
 pioneer instincts. Strong in will and body; 
 
Ill 
 
 Chase, P. 
 
 unafraid of any kind of work, whether 
 clerical, manual, or agricultural; enjoying 
 hardships rather than avoiding them; en- 
 tirely free of fear and unshakable in his 
 belief in God's providence, he defied the 
 difficulties of his missionary work. Since no 
 salary was connected with his position as 
 a bishop, he made a living by running a 
 farm at Worthington, sometimes without 
 help, and for one year (1821-22) by di- 
 recting Cincinnati College as its president. 
 At the same time he provided, off and on, 
 the parishes at Delaware, Berkshire, Worth- 
 ington, and Columbus with his ministrations, 
 and traveled widely on horseback over the 
 state in his episcopal visitations. The de- 
 velopment of the diocese depended on ad- 
 ditions to its clerical personnel. Disappointed 
 in his expectations of receiving missionary 
 help from the East, Chase conceived the 
 plan of educating his own clergy in a 
 school to be established within the diocese. 
 Ohio was too poor to finance his plan and 
 solicitations in the East did not help; Chase, 
 an enterprising and untiring traveler, went 
 to England in 1823 to collect money for his 
 plan. The idea met with strong disap- 
 proval and active opposition, even from the 
 American episcopate. Chase nevertheless 
 succeeded in finding sponsors among the 
 English nobility and moneyed church peo- 
 ple. The idealistic sincerity of his appeal 
 and the unceasing flow of his eloquence, 
 combined with a shrewd utilization of per- 
 sonal contacts as soon as they were es- 
 tablished, brought him the considerable re- 
 sult of about $30,000, enough to make at 
 least a start. Meanwhile, his plan for a 
 theological seminary, for which there were 
 no satisfactorily prepared candidates in 
 the Middle West, had broadened into the 
 idea of an institution able to give prepara- 
 tory education, as well as theological train- 
 ing. Originally incorporated in 1824 as the 
 Theological Seminary of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church in Ohio and beginning 
 its activities at Chase's farm at Worthing- 
 ton, the school developed quickly into a 
 grammar school and college in which theo- 
 logical training played only a minor part. 
 In 1826, Chase found a location which 
 he considered ideal: a hill in the wilderness, 
 five miles from Mt. Vernon; a "retreat of 
 virtue in seclusion from the vices of the 
 World." There he built his school, named 
 Kenyon College for his foremost English 
 benefactor, and founded a village which he 
 gave the name of another English sponsor, 
 Lord Gambier. Old Kenyon, the oldest hall 
 of the college and the first attempt at Col- 
 legiate Gothic in America, was built in 
 1827-29. It was destroyed by fire in 1949 
 
 and has since been rebuilt. For a few years, 
 Chase ruled his college on the strict prin- 
 ciples of what he called "patriarchal" gov- 
 ernment, largely with the assistance of his 
 efficient second wife, Sophia Ingraham 
 Chase. She and a few other members of 
 the family were the only collaborators who 
 ever possessed his full confidence. A born 
 autocrat, compared by one of his biogra- 
 phers to Wellington and Czar Nicholas of 
 Russia, Chase alienated both his college 
 faculty and the diocesan clergy and laity 
 by his domineering ways and his lack of 
 regard for other people's feelings. He de- 
 manded unqualified submission to his will 
 from everybody. In 1831, in consequence 
 of a "conspiracy," he rashly resigned his 
 episcopacy and retired to a farm in Michi- 
 gan. Four years later, he accepted the elec- 
 tion as bishop of the new diocese of Illinois, 
 where he spent the rest of his life doing 
 once more what he had done in his Ohio 
 years: preaching, organizing, traveling, but 
 on an even larger scale; he even begged 
 another diocesan school (Jubilee College, 
 near Peoria: founded 1838, now extinct). 
 In 1843, he succeeded, by seniority, to the 
 position of Presiding Bishop of the Protes- 
 tant Episcopal Church. Generally respected 
 rather than beloved, he died by an accident 
 at Jubilee College on Sept. 20, 1852. The 
 Church, both in Ohio and in Illinois, owes 
 much to his vision and energy. He was en- 
 tirely unselfish and capable of great sacrifice; 
 his whole life was devoutly dedicated to 
 what he considered God's will, which, how- 
 ever, as forceful characters of his type will 
 do, he occasionally identified with his own 
 intentions. It remains true for the whole of 
 his career that, as his parishioners at 
 Hartford stated in 1818: "His zeal may 
 sometimes have transcended the limits of 
 prudence." As a monument to Chase, the 
 Chase Tower, in which a series of stained- 
 glass windows by J. C. Connick presents 
 his life story in a most original style, was 
 erected at Kenyon College in 1927. Chase's 
 literary activity was subordinated to his 
 missionary and educational aims. Besides 
 his utterances in official capacity — episcopal 
 addresses and pastoral letters — he published 
 some sermons, and numerous appeals, 
 broadsides, and pamphlets for his cause. 
 This material is partly polemical in char- 
 acter and not always pleasant. Often the 
 good intentions of the fund-raiser and the 
 controversialist get the better of a due sense 
 of proportion. In 1841-44 Chase published 
 his only large work, the Reminiscences 
 (Seven issues: 1-4, Peoria, 1841-42; 5-7, 
 New York, 1843-44). A second, enlarged, 
 edition in two volumes appeared in Boston 
 
Chase, S. P. 
 
 112 
 
 in 1848. Describing life in New England 
 before 1800, in New Orleans at the begin- 
 ning of the nineteenth century, in Ohio and 
 Illinois between 1817 and 1848, the book 
 will retain a certain value as a source; some 
 chapters give vivid pictures of genuine ad- 
 venture. For the most part, however, the 
 unctuous and flowery style, the frequent 
 stress on the author's "sufferings" and un- 
 measured breadth, make the work hard 
 reading even as a period piece. For long 
 stretches, the narrative is interrupted by a 
 printed file of Chase's enormous corre- 
 spondence, with little discrimination be- 
 tween wheat and chaff. The Motto, a journal 
 which Chase published and, for the greater 
 part, wrote himself in his last years at 
 Jubilee College (1847-52), is a miscellany 
 of tracts, correspondence, diocesan notes, 
 and polemics. 
 
 R. G. Salomon 
 The Star in the West, or Kenyon College 
 
 . . . , [Columbus?, 1828]. 
 Bishop Chase's Defence of Himself against 
 the Late Conspiracy at Gambler . . . , 
 [Steubenville, 1831]. 
 Defence of Kenyon College, Columbus, 
 
 1831. 
 The Reminiscences of Bishop Chase . . . , 
 
 New York, 1844. 
 Bishop Chase's Defence against the Slan- 
 ders of the Rev. G. M. West, [n.p., n.d.]. 
 
 CHASE, SALMON PORTLAND (Jan. 13, 
 1808-May 7, 1873), lawyer and statesman, 
 was born in Cornish, N. H. In 1820, with 
 his brother and H. H. Schoolcraft, he came 
 to Ohio. He spent three years in Worthing- 
 ton and Cincinnati, living with his uncle, 
 Philander Chase (q.v.). In 1823, he en- 
 tered Dartmouth and later read law in 
 Washington, D. C, with William Wirt. In 
 1830, he returned to Cincinnati to practice 
 and soon acquired a reputation as an anti- 
 slavery man. His Statutes of Ohio was a 
 milestone in the development of Ohio law. 
 The Sketch listed below was originally pub- 
 lished as an introduction to the first volume 
 of the larger work. Chase was elected to 
 the Senate in 1849; he also served for a 
 time as Lincoln's Secretary of the Treasury 
 and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 
 during the Reconstruction period. Many of 
 his political speeches and letters were pub- 
 lished separately. 
 
 A Sketch of the History of Ohio, Cincin- 
 nati, 1833. 
 Statutes of Ohio, 3 vols., Cincinnati, 1833— 
 35. 
 
 CHEFFEY, JESSIE ANN (July 24, 1895- 
 ), nurse, born in Waterford, Washing- 
 
 ton County, still lives in that community. 
 A graduate of Washington County Normal 
 School and the Chautauqua School of Nurs- 
 ing, she has taught in elementary schools 
 and done private nursing. Her poems have 
 appeared in many periodicals and anthol- 
 ogies, and she has published a collection: 
 Jewels by the Wayside, New York, [1942]. 
 
 CHENEY, FRANK J. (March 16, 1851-Oct. 
 30, 1919), who was born in Conneaut, 
 Ashtabula County, was president of the 
 Cheney Medicine Co., Toledo, and lived in 
 that city for many years before his death. 
 He published two collections of stories, 
 e.g., A Life of Unity and Other Stories, To- 
 ledo, 1901. 
 
 CHERRINGTON, ERNEST HURST (Nov. 
 24, 1877-March 13, 1950), editor and 
 temperance advocate, was born in Hamden, 
 Vinton County. A graduate of Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1897, he was active in 
 the Anti-Saloon League and worked on 
 newspapers in various cities. At the time of 
 his death he lived in Westerville. His writ- 
 ings, all relating to the temperance move- 
 ment, include The Evolution of Prohibition 
 . . . , Westerville, [1920]. WWW 2 
 
 CHERRY, PETER PATTERSON (Sept. 17, 
 1848-April 11, 1937), was born in Neshanic, 
 N. J.; his parents moved to Sharon, Medina 
 County, in 1856. A lifelong cripple, he was 
 driving a stage between Akron and Cleve- 
 land at the age of twelve. He taught school 
 in Wadsworth Township and edited the 
 Sharon Tidal Wave, the Young Folks' Gem, 
 and other papers. In 1880 he moved to 
 Akron, where he worked in the offices of 
 B. F. Goodrich Co. for many years. He was 
 deeply interested in local history and ar- 
 chaeology and published articles on those 
 subjects, in addition to the titles below. 
 The Grave-Creek Mound . . . , Wadsworth, 
 
 1877. 
 Curious Stones from the Stone Age, Wads- 
 worth, 1878. 
 The Portage Path, Akron, 1911. 
 The Western Reserve and Early Ohio, Ak- 
 ron, 1921. 
 
 CHESELDINE, RAYMOND MINSHALL 
 
 (April 4, 1892-Dec. 24, 1954), army of- 
 ficer, was born in London, Madison 
 County. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University and from the Washington Col- 
 lege of Law. He served in the army in both 
 World Wars and retired as a colonel in 
 1951. During World War II he was an 
 aide to Gen. Lucius D. Clay. He also served 
 on the Federal Reserve Board. His death 
 occurred in Corona, Calif. He contributed 
 
113 
 
 Chesnutt 
 
 a number of military papers to professional 
 publications and published Ohio in the Rain- 
 bow: Official Story of the 166th Infantry, 
 42nd Division, in the World War, Colum- 
 bus, 1924. 
 
 CHESLEY, MARTIN. Pseud. See Chesley M. 
 Hutchings. 
 
 CHESNUTT, CHARLES WADDELL (June 
 20, 1858-Nov. 15, 1932), novelist, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, the year 
 after the Dred Scott decision and the year be- 
 fore the South made its last aggressive at- 
 tempt to reopen the slave trade. It was a 
 period of mounting national tension and 
 the tension was to strike deeply into the 
 imagination of the growing boy. While 
 Charles was still an infant, the family 
 moved for a short time to Oberlin, then 
 an important station in the Underground 
 Railroad. His father participated in the fa- 
 mous Oberlin-Wellington Rescue and, when 
 the Civil War broke out, enlisted in the 
 Union Army and served throughout the 
 war. Long after, Chesnutt was to recall 
 these formative years and to realize how 
 they had impressed him and molded his 
 character and career. He was to relate to 
 his family how he had listened with awe to 
 the singing of the new "Battle Hymn of 
 the Republic." The vision of the Lord 
 trampling out the vintage from the "grapes 
 of wrath" was a vision of reality and eter- 
 nal justice. He was to recall, too, holding 
 his mother's hand and, with thousands of 
 other Cleveland citizens, filing in deep si- 
 lence past the bier of the martyred Presi- 
 dent lying in state in Cleveland's Public 
 Square. Child though he was, he somehow 
 caught the emanation of greatness and was 
 moved and influenced by it. The year after 
 the close of the Civil War, the Chesnutt 
 family returned to their home in Fayette- 
 ville, N. C, which they had left a decade 
 earlier in their search for a fuller life in 
 the North. Here Charles attended the How- 
 ard School, at fourteen became a pupil- 
 teacher, and at sixteen went to Charlotte as 
 a regular teacher. In the summer, teaching 
 in small ungraded country schools, he was 
 moved with compassion as daily he faced 
 his little group of ignorant but poignantly 
 eager children. Young Chesnutt started a 
 journal in which he recorded the intimate 
 details of his life. Intent on his own educa- 
 tion, he devoured history and biography, 
 read the English classics, memorized vast 
 amounts of poetry, gave himself a course 
 in higher mathematics, and, entirely by 
 himself, learned Latin. French, and Ger- 
 man. Fortunately for him, a noted language 
 
 teacher, Professor Neufeld, had come to 
 Fayetteville to hold classes in French and 
 German for those wealthy enough to take 
 advantage of such opportunity. Neufeld, a 
 German Jew by birth and a former student 
 of T. H. Huxley, consented to give Ches- 
 nutt private lessons although friends had 
 warned him that, in doing so, he would 
 lose some of his white pupils. Chesnutt 
 wrote in his journal: "A fellow-feeling 
 makes us wondrous kind," for Neufeld had 
 declared that he was "quite able to lose 
 twenty pupils without experiencing any in- 
 convenience." Neufeld, impressed by young 
 Chesnutt's obvious zeal and accomplish- 
 ments, "broke the color line"; Chesnutt, in 
 turn, with such expert help made French 
 and German an integral part of his equip- 
 ment as a writer and student of society. At 
 nineteen Chesnutt was appointed assistant 
 principal of the New Fayetteville State 
 Normal School, established to train teach- 
 ers for the colored schools. Three years 
 later he became its principal. Alone with 
 his journal in the evenings, Chesnutt poured 
 out his inmost thoughts and aspirations: 
 "I think I must write a book. If I do write 
 I shall write for a purpose, a high, holy 
 purpose, and this will inspire me to greater 
 effort. The object of my writing would not 
 be so much the elevation of the colored 
 people, as the elevation of the whites — for 
 I consider the unjust spirit of caste which 
 is so insidious as to pervade a whole na- 
 tion, and so powerful as to subject a whole 
 race to scorn and social ostracism — I con- 
 sider this a barrier to the moral progress 
 of the American people." In 1878, Chesnutt 
 married. Two daughters were born of the 
 union. Considering their future as well as 
 his own, Chesnutt wrote in the spring of 
 1882: "I shudder to think of exposing my 
 children to the social and intellectual pro- 
 scription to which I have been a victim." 
 To escape these circumstances, he needed 
 a means of support. He set himself to mas- 
 ter stenography, the art which held the 
 promise of independence for him and his 
 family. He studied and practiced assidu- 
 ously, calling upon his wife for dictation 
 until, as he relates in his journal, he al- 
 most worried Susan into a "positive dislike" 
 for him. By the following spring Chesnutt 
 had succeeded. He could write two hundred 
 words a minute. To the regret of all his 
 friends and associates, he left Fayetteville 
 for New York City. He found work as a 
 reporter for a Wall Street news agency and 
 later wrote a daily column called "Wall 
 Street Gossip" for the New York Mail and 
 Express. His real opportunity, however, 
 came some months later in Cleveland, the 
 
Chesnutt 
 
 114 
 
 city of his birth, where in the law office of 
 Judge Samuel E. Williamson, he worked as 
 a stenographer and studied law. Established 
 now, Chesnutt sent for his family, settled 
 them in a comfortable home, and began 
 to write in earnest. The Atlantic Monthly 
 published the first of his "conjure" stories 
 in 1887. In the same year he was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar, standing at the head of his 
 class. In 1890 he set up in business as a 
 court reporter, a business which he fol- 
 lowed for the rest of his life. During the 
 decade of the 1890s he spent all his spare 
 time in writing. In 1900 and 1901, he even 
 closed his business office in order that noth- 
 ing might stand between him and his am- 
 bition to bridge the race problem, to make 
 some contribution to what Myrdal was to 
 describe later as The American Dilemma. 
 Chesnutt's contribution was at once simple 
 and profound. He wrote about Negroes as 
 human beings, as persons, not as types or 
 subtypes. This was indeed a new departure 
 in literature, for no white writer had done 
 this and the colored race in this country 
 had, as yet, no recognized literary spokes- 
 man. Chesnutt was fortunate in having 
 Houghton, Mifflin and Company as his 
 publishers. The members of the firm were 
 deeply interested in the "Negro problem." 
 Walter Hines Page, literary adviser for the 
 firm and editor of the Atlantic Monthly, 
 approved Chesnutt's approach to the prob- 
 lem and greatly admired his literary skill 
 and art in presenting it. They became warm 
 friends. The year 1899 was outstanding for 
 Chesnutt. Two volumes of his short stories 
 were published by Houghton, Mifflin and 
 Company. The Conjure Woman, published 
 in March, is a collection of stories in Negro 
 dialect told by "Uncle Julius." They are 
 simple, moving tales about the days of 
 slavery and the activities of old Aunt Peggy, 
 the plantation conjure woman. This book, 
 widely acclaimed, headed the list of best- 
 sellers in Cleveland during the month of 
 April. The Rowfant Club, of which Ches- 
 nutt later became a member, persuaded 
 Houghton, Mifflin to issue a special num- 
 bered edition of 150 copies for which mem- 
 bers of the club and of the Cleveland bar 
 subscribed. The Wife of his Youth and 
 Other Stories of the Color Line, published 
 in Dec, 1899, contains stories about 
 people of mixed blood living mainly in the 
 North. Chesnutt's aim in these stories was 
 to put understanding and tenderness for the 
 Negro into the hearts of his readers. Two 
 of the greatest literary critics of the period 
 wrote essays about these books: Hamilton 
 Wright Mabie, in the Outlook of Feb. 24, 
 1900, and William Dean Howells, in the 
 
 Atlantic Monthly of May, 1900. Both of 
 these critics placed Chesnutt in the top 
 rank of American short story writers. In 
 this same year, Chesnutt wrote a biography 
 of the great abolitionist Frederick Douglass 
 for the series called The Beacon Biographies 
 of Eminent Americans, published by Small, 
 Maynard and Company of Boston. The En- 
 cyclopaedia Britannica lists this as one of 
 the standard works on the life of Douglass. 
 The House behind the Cedars, Chesnutt's 
 most popular novel, was published in Oct., 
 1900. This is a love story, romantic 
 and tragic, touching upon the theme of in- 
 termarriage, which up to that time had been 
 considered untouchable in American litera- 
 ture. It was called by the critics "the most 
 notable novel of the month," and had gone 
 into its fourth printing by April, 1901. The 
 Marrow of Tradition was published in 
 Oct., 1901, just after Theodore Roosevelt 
 had invited Booker T. Washington to din- 
 ner at the White House to discuss the 
 Negro problem and its bearing on the po- 
 litical situation. This act by the President 
 aroused great indignation in the South and 
 produced an avalanche of bitter condemna- 
 tion of Roosevelt and his policy of "social 
 equality." This novel, written at white heat 
 after a visit to the South, presents for the 
 first time in American literature the con- 
 flict between the white leaders of the South 
 and the educated, cultured colored people 
 there. The story is told with extraordinary 
 skill and with great dramatic power. The 
 Northern papers expressed unqualified praise 
 for it; the critics acclaimed it as the most 
 important book on the Negro since Uncle 
 Tom's Cabin; but the Southern press de- 
 nounced it as a bitter and libelous attack 
 upon the white people in their relations 
 with the Negro. It was an acknowledged 
 literary success and was rated by the Out- 
 look among the twenty-five books of the 
 year. But the South had gained a hearing 
 in the North and, to the astonishment and 
 bitter disappointment of Chesnutt and his 
 publishers, The Marrow of Tradition was 
 not the financial success that they had ex- 
 pected. Chesnutt's last book, The Colonel's 
 Dream, was published by Doubleday, Page 
 and Company in Sept., 1905, and was 
 issued in England by Archibald Constable 
 and Company. This was written with the 
 avowed purpose of exposing peonage and 
 the convict lease system which were mak- 
 ing the lives of the Negro masses far more 
 wretched than in the days of slavery. Many 
 people thought it his best book and gave it 
 great praise, but America was tired of read- 
 ing about the wrongs done to the Negro, 
 and it was not as popular as his other 
 
 
115 
 
 Chidlaw 
 
 books. The Southern press, as usual, de- 
 nounced it bitterly and claimed that his 
 stories of cruelty and injustice to the Negro 
 were not only "false but impossible!" In 
 Dec. 1905, Colonel George Harvey, pres- 
 ident of Harper and Brothers, invited 
 Chesnutt along with one hundred and fifty 
 of America's most distinguished writers of 
 imaginative literature to attend Mark 
 Twain's seventieth birthday party at Del- 
 monico's in New York City. This party, 
 proclaimed as one of the most important 
 events in the history of American litera- 
 ture, was considered by Chesnutt as the 
 peak of his literary career. His days as a 
 novelist and writer of short stories were 
 practically over by then. He had thoroughly 
 alienated the greater part of the white read- 
 ing public by his outspoken stand for rec- 
 ognition of the Negro as a human being 
 and an American citizen, and by his de- 
 mand for civil rights and equality of op- 
 portunity. Once again, business and civic 
 matters claimed his full time. In Cleveland 
 and throughout the country, Chesnutt was 
 recognized as the champion of the Negro. 
 As president of the Council of Sociology 
 (from which organization the Cleveland 
 Welfare Federation was developed) and as 
 a member of the Cleveland Chamber of 
 Commerce, his opportunities to work for 
 the advancement of the Negro were, of 
 course, greatly increased. He wrote many 
 articles and lectured frequently in various 
 cities on the problems of the colored citi- 
 zens of our country. In 1928 he was 
 awarded the Spingarn Medal for his "pio- 
 neer work as a literary artist depicting the 
 life and struggles of Americans of Negro 
 descent, and for his long and useful career 
 as scholar, worker, and freeman of one of 
 America's greatest cities." 
 
 Helen M. Chesnutt 
 The Conjure Woman, Boston, 1899. 
 Frederick Douglass, Boston, 1899. 
 The Wife of His Youth, and Other Stories 
 
 of the Color Line, Boston. 1899. 
 The House behind the Cedars, Boston, 1900. 
 The Marrow of Tradition, Boston, 1901. 
 The Colonel's Dream, New York, 1905. 
 
 CHESTER, GEORGE RANDOLPH (1869- 
 Feb. 26, 1924), was born in Ohio (ac- 
 cording to one account, his birthplace was 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County). Although 
 he achieved considerable celebrity, few 
 specific details regarding his early life are 
 available. He left home at an early age and 
 worked at various jobs throughout the coun- 
 try. He was a reporter on the Detroit News 
 for several years before returning to Cin- 
 
 cinnati, where he worked on the Enquirer, 
 1901-08. "The Strike Breaker," a story in 
 McClure's, was his first work to attract na- 
 tional attention. He wrote stories for Cos- 
 mopolitan and other national magazines 
 and also worked for various motion-pic- 
 ture companies as a writer and director. 
 His best-known work was Get-Rich-Quick 
 Walling ford, New York, [1908], which was 
 also the basis of a play by George M. 
 Cohan. Chester died in New York City and 
 is buried in Cincinnati. DAB 4 
 
 CHEYFITZ, EDWARD THEODORE (Sept. 
 
 13, 1913- ), labor union official, was 
 born in Montreal, Canada. After graduat- 
 ing from the University of Michigan in 
 1934, he was an official of the Mine, Mill 
 and Smelter Workers, C.I.O., in Toledo 
 until 1946. He resigned to take a position 
 with the Moving Picture Association of 
 America, which he resigned in 1951 to 
 study law. He has written pamphlets and 
 magazine articles on labor questions and a 
 book: Constructive Collective Bargaining, 
 New York, 1947. WWL 
 
 CHIDLAW, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (July 
 
 14, 1 8 1 1-July 14, 1892), clergyman, was 
 born in Bala, Wales. In 1821 his parents 
 emigrated to Delaware County, where the 
 boy received his primary education in a 
 log schoolhouse; he later attended Philan- 
 der Chase's academy at Worthington. He 
 graduated from Miami University in 1833. 
 Ordained by the Presbytery of Oxford in 
 1835, he settled over a Welsh Congrega- 
 tional Church at Paddy's Run, Butler 
 County, where he preached and taught in 
 Welsh and English, 1836-43. He was em- 
 ployed by the American Sunday School 
 Union in Cincinnati; during this associa- 
 tion, which was continued for many years, 
 he established many Sunday schools. While 
 on a visit to Wales in 1840, he published 
 an account in Welsh of his trip from Ohio, 
 a history of the Welsh settlements in Amer- 
 ica, and advice to those about to emigrate 
 to the United States. During the Civil War 
 he served for a time as chaplain of the 
 39th O.V.I. His autobiography contains a 
 splendid account of his early days in Ohio. 
 He died in Wales while visiting his birth- 
 place. 
 
 Yr American, Yr Hwn Sydd yn Cynnwys 
 Nodau ar Daith o Ddyffryn Ohio 1 
 Gymru, Golwg ar Dalaeth Ohio; Hanes 
 Sefydliadau Cymreig yn America; Cyfar- 
 wyddiadau I Ymofynwyr Cyn y Daith, 
 ac yn y Wlad, Llanrwst, Wales, 1840. 
 
 The Story of My Life, Philadelphia, [1890]. 
 
Chipman, H. G. 
 
 116 
 
 CHIPMAN, H. G. (1827-1852), journalist, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He began his literary career by writing for 
 the Great West. He served as a volunteer 
 in the Mexican War, and after his return 
 he published a series of sketches that were 
 extensively copied and highly commended. 
 Other series, published in the Enquirer and 
 the Commercial, also attracted considerable 
 attention. He worked as a printer, and in 
 1850 was one of the proprietors and edi- 
 tors of the Nonpareil. 
 Lilly of Senora, Cincinnati, 1849. 
 
 CHIPMAN, NORTON PARKER (March 7, 
 1838-Feb. 1, 1924), lawyer and judge, was 
 born in Milford, Clermont County. After 
 graduating from Cincinnati Law School in 
 1859, he practiced in Iowa. He served 
 throughout the Civil War, rising to the 
 rank of brigadier general. From 1871 to 
 1875 he was delegate to Congress from the 
 District of Columbia; many of his speeches 
 in the House were printed as pamphlets. In 
 1875 he went to California, where he be- 
 came presiding justice of the District Court 
 of Appeals, San Francisco. As president of 
 the California Board of Trade, he wrote 
 articles and pamphlets on the industries and 
 resources of the state. 
 The Horrors of Andersonville Rebel Prison 
 
 . . . , San Francisco, 1891. 
 The Tragedy of Andersonville; Trial of 
 
 Captain Henry Win, the Prison Keeper, 
 
 [Sacramento?, Calif.], 1911. 
 
 CHISHOLM, RELLE V. (Aug. 30, 1843-?), 
 was born in Beaver County, Pa. In 1863 
 she moved with her parents to New Con- 
 cord, Muskingum County. She attended 
 Muskingum College, and after teaching 
 school for a time she married Dr. Isaac W. 
 Chisholm of Zanesville. Besides the titles 
 below, she published fiction in various pe- 
 riodicals. 
 
 Who Wins? . . . , Philadelphia, 1888. 
 In Search of a Home, Philadelphia, 1890. 
 Stephen Lylc, Gentleman and Philanthro- 
 pist, Cincinnati, 1891. 
 Consecrated Anew . . . , Philadelphia, 
 [1893]. 
 
 outfit was thrown into the Ohio River be- 
 cause of his antislavery tendencies. In 1848 
 he was appointed agent of the American 
 Colonization Society and undertook to raise 
 money to purchase a tract of land in Af- 
 rica to be known as "Ohio in Africa" and 
 to be used as a site for a free settlement 
 for Negroes. He appeared before the Ohio 
 Legislature in 1849, when that body was 
 engaged in a hot debate over the repeal of 
 the "Black Laws," which were designed to 
 prevent the immigration of Negroes into 
 Ohio. Christy delivered lectures on coloni- 
 zation before the legislature which were 
 later published as a pamphlet. His Lectures 
 on African Colonization was republished in 
 1857 as Ethiopia: Her Gloom and Glory. 
 His most important work, Cotton Is King, 
 which was published anonymously, was in- 
 tended to convince abolitionists of the fail- 
 ure of their efforts. It is said to have been 
 consulted by Lincoln. Christy had a natural 
 aptitude for science; he reported on geolog- 
 ical observations in periodicals and for a 
 time held a position with a mineral com- 
 pany. 
 
 H. B. McConnell 
 Letters on Geology . . . , Rossville, 1848. 
 The Spirit Rappings, Mesmerism, Clair- 
 voyance, and Psychometry . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1851. 
 Republic of Liberia. Facts for Thinking 
 
 Men . . . , [Cleveland], 1852. 
 Lectures on African Colonization and Kin- 
 dred Subjects, Columbus, 1853. 
 Cotton Is King . . . , Cincinnati, 1855. 
 The Southern Highlands, As Adapted to 
 Pasturage and Grape Culture, Cincin- 
 nati, 1858. 
 Pulpit Politics; Or, Ecclesiastical Legisla- 
 tion on Slavery, in Its Disturbing In- 
 fluence on the American Union, Cincin- 
 nati, 1862. 
 
 CHRISTY, WILBUR A. (1845-1928), cler- 
 gyman, was born in Kinsman, Trumbull 
 County. He wrote at least two books on re- 
 ligious themes, e.g., The Theory of Im- 
 mersion Considered . . . , Louisville, Ky., 
 [1926]. 
 
 CHRONIQUEUSE. Pseud. See Olive Logan. 
 
 CHRISTY, DAVID (1802-?), journalist, was 
 editor of the Harrison Telegraph, published 
 in Cadiz, from 1824 until 1836. While in 
 Cadiz, he edited the Historical Family Li- 
 brary (1835-36) and began editing the five- 
 volume Calvinistic Family Library (1835- 
 44). After leaving Cadiz, he lived in Oxford 
 for a time and then moved to Cincinnati, 
 where, according to tradition, his printing 
 
 CHUBB, EDWIN WATTS (Aug. 25, 1865- 
 July 23, 1959), educator, was born in Leb- 
 anon, Pa. He graduated from Lafayette 
 College in 1887 and later studied at the 
 University of Berlin. After teaching at 
 Schuylkill Seminary, California State Nor- 
 mal School, and Platteville State Normal 
 School, he joined the faculty of Ohio Uni- 
 versity in 1900. He taught English there, 
 
117 
 
 Clark, A. 
 
 served as dean, and twice was acting presi- 
 dent. Besides a number of textbooks, he 
 wrote Stories of Authors, British and 
 American, New York, 1910. WW 21 
 
 CHURTON, HENRY. Pseud. See Albion W. 
 Tourgee. 
 
 CIRACI, NORMA (June 11, 1922- ), nov- 
 elist, born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 attended public schools in that city. She at- 
 tended Northwestern University, 1940-42, 
 dropped out of school to work as a wait- 
 ress, factory hand, and taxi driver, then re- 
 turned to Northwestern and graduated in 
 1945. The result of her experiences in Flor- 
 ida and elsewhere was a vivid first novel: 
 Detour, New York, 1947. 
 
 CIST, CHARLES (April 24, 1793-Sept. 8, 
 1868), born in Philadelphia, Pa., was the 
 son of Charles Cist (1738-1805), a noted 
 Philadelphia printer and publisher who, dur- 
 ing the administration of John Adams, was 
 the first public printer. The boy was edu- 
 cated in Philadelphia. After the War of 
 1812, he moved first to Pittsburgh and then 
 to Harmony, Pa., where he operated a 
 store and served as postmaster. He moved 
 to Cincinnati in 1827. He compiled the Cin- 
 cinnati directories of 1842 and 1843 and, 
 in the latter year, established a family jour- 
 nal, The Weekly Advertiser. Intensely in- 
 terested in the early history of Ohio, he 
 encouraged competent writers to submit au- 
 thentic articles on the early history and sta- 
 tistics of the state. With slight changes in 
 its masthead, the Advertiser was continued 
 until 1853. In Oct., 1845, he began pub- 
 lishing the monthly Cincinnati Miscellany, 
 in which appeared not only much of the 
 best historical material which had been 
 printed in the Advertiser but a number of 
 new contributions, the most important of 
 which was Colonel J. Johnston's superb se- 
 rial, Recollections of the Last Sixty Years. 
 The Miscellany was suspended with the is- 
 sue of March, 1846. Cist's best-known 
 works are his annals of Cincinnati: Cincin- 
 nati in 1841; Sketches and Statistics of Cin- 
 cinnati in 1851; and Sketches and Statistics 
 of Cincinnati in 1859. In the first of these 
 is a review of the early annals of the city 
 drawn from contemporary newspapers and 
 a full, graphic letter written by John Cleves 
 Symmes to his partner, Jonathan Dayton, 
 in 1789. Fortified with the priceless ma- 
 terial which he had collected for the Ad- 
 vertiser, he devoted over 150 pages of the 
 issue of 1859 to the city's early annals, a 
 most important supplement to his earlier 
 
 account. Cist's works are invaluable sources. 
 His death occurred in Cincinnati. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Cincinnati in 1841: Its Early Annals and 
 
 Future Prospects, Cincinnati, 1841. 
 Sketches and Statistics of Cincinnati in 
 
 1851, Cincinnati, 1851. 
 Sketches and Statistics of Cincinnati in 
 
 1859, [Cincinnati, 1859]. 
 
 CIST, HENRY MARTYN (Feb. 20, 1838- 
 Dec. 17, 1902), born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County, was the son of Charles Cist 
 (q.v.). He graduated from Farmers' Col- 
 lege, Cincinnati, in 1858 and then studied 
 law. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the 
 O.V.I. ; he saw much service and advanced 
 through the ranks to the brevet of brigadier 
 general. After the war he returned to the 
 practice of law in Cincinnati and assumed 
 the office of corresponding secretary of the 
 Society of the Army of the Cumberland. He 
 contributed many articles on the Civil War 
 to periodicals and edited the reports of the 
 Society of the Army of the Cumberland, 
 which extended to seventeen volumes. His 
 death occurred in Rome, Italy. 
 The Army of the Cumberland. New York, 
 
 1882. 
 The Romance of Shiloh, [Cincinnati, 1895?]. 
 
 CIST, LEWIS JACOR (Nov. 30, 1818-March 
 30, 1885), born in Harmony, Pa., was the 
 eldest son of Charles Cist (q.v.). When he 
 was nine years old, his parents moved to 
 Cincinnati, where the boy attended school. 
 After studying at Hanover College he was 
 employed by the Commercial Bank of Cin- 
 cinnati and later became teller of the Ohio 
 Life and Trust Company. He was engaged 
 in the banking business in St. Louis, 1850- 
 70. In 1870 he returned to Cincinnati, 
 where he spent the rest of his days. He was 
 for many years secretary of the Cincinnati 
 Zoological Gardens. Before going to St. 
 Louis he wrote considerable verse, which 
 appeared in the Western Monthly Review, 
 the Hesperian, and his father's Weekly Ad- 
 vertiser. He became widely known as a 
 leading collector of autographs. In Amer- 
 ica, his collection was excelled only by the 
 great William E. Sprague collection. It was 
 sold in New York in 1886 and 1887. 
 Trifles in Verse; A Collection of Fugitive 
 Poems, Cincinnati, 1845. 
 
 CLAFLIN, TENNIE. Pseud. See Tennessee C. 
 C. Cook. 
 
 CLARK, ALEXANDER (March 10, 1834- 
 July 6, 1879), clergyman, was born near 
 Wellsville, Jefferson County. After teaching 
 
Clark, C. T. 
 
 118 
 
 school for five years, he was ordained to 
 the Methodist ministry in 1861, and served 
 churches in Pennsylvania and Ohio. He be- 
 came editor of the Methodist Recorder in 
 1870. His death occurred in Atlanta, Ga., 
 while he was making a Southern trip. 
 The Old Log Schoolhouse . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1859. 
 The Red Sea Freedman, Philadelphia, 1864. 
 The Gospel in the Trees . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1868. 
 Memory's Tribute to the Life Character and 
 
 Work of the Rev. T. H. Stockton, New 
 
 York, 1869. 
 Workaday Christianity . . . , New York, 
 
 1870. 
 Starting Out: A Story of the Ohio Hills, 
 
 Philadelphia, 1875. 
 Summer Rambles in Europe, New York, 
 
 1877. 
 
 CLARK, CHARLES THEODORE (Jan. 17, 
 1845-April 19, 1911), who was born in 
 Dalton, Wayne County, served as a captain 
 in the 125th O.V.I, from Sept., 1862, to 
 Sept., 1865. Ryan described his book as 
 "one of the best" regimental histories. Clark 
 also lived in Trumbull County; his death 
 occurred in Franklin County. 
 Opdycke Tigers, 125th O.V.I. . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1895. 
 
 CLARK, CYNTHIA CHARLOTTE MOON 
 
 (Aug. 10, 1829-Nov. 20, 1895), Confed- 
 erate spy, lecturer, author, and newspaper- 
 woman, was born in Danville, Va. Her 
 father, Robert S. Moon, was one of "the 
 Albemarle Moons" of Virginia. In the 
 early 1830s, Robert Moon and his wife 
 (Cynthia A. Sullivan) came to Oxford, 
 Butler County, to live. At the age of five, 
 their third child and eldest daughter, Cyn- 
 thia Charlotte, was memorizing selections 
 from the best English poets and studying 
 the Latin language. Under the tutelage of 
 her scholarly father, she became well 
 grounded in languages, history, and litera- 
 ture. As a young woman, "Lottie" Moon 
 was not beautiful, but she was a dainty 
 little sprite, with rosy cheeks, sparkling 
 deep-set gray eyes, a wealth of soft brown 
 hair, and beautiful hands. She was a bril- 
 liant conversationalist, a wit, a superb 
 mimic, an unconscionable flirt and prank- 
 ster. One of her maddest pranks was the 
 jilting of young Ambrose E. Burnside at 
 the altar, in Brownsville, Ind. The patient 
 Burnside, however, courted her until she 
 married James Clark, a graduate of Miami 
 University and the Cincinnati Law School. 
 Charlotte Moon met her match in James 
 Clark. On the evening of Jan. 30, 1849, he 
 
 arrived at the Moon home determined not 
 to suffer the fate of Burnside. When he met 
 "Lottie" at the head of the stairs to go 
 down to the parlor to be married, he pulled 
 a small revolver from his pocket and whis- 
 pered, "There will be a wedding here to- 
 night or a funeral tomorrow." There was a 
 wedding. The Clarks established their home 
 at Jones Station, near Hamilton, the county 
 seat of Butler County. James was a rising 
 young attorney in Hamilton. On an inde- 
 pendent ticket, he was elected judge of the 
 common pleas court in 1855. In the ex- 
 citing campaign of 1856, "Mrs. Judge 
 Clark" organized the women of Butler 
 County to take an active part in the cam- 
 paign. With enthusiasm they made a silken 
 banner to be offered as a prize to the town- 
 ship having the largest attendance at a 
 Democratic rally. Mrs. Clark made the first 
 presentation with a short but stirring patri- 
 otic speech. Throughout the Civil War, the 
 Clarks ardently supported Clement L. Val- 
 landigham (q.v.). Judge Clark was a strict 
 Constitutionalist and boldly declared his 
 views. He was considered "the brains of the 
 Butler County Copperheads." The Clarks and 
 Virginia Moon, youngest sister of Mrs. 
 Clark, played important roles in the Great 
 Northwest Conspiracy in which the Knights 
 of the Golden Circle plotted with the Con- 
 federate government to join forces and 
 bring the war to a close on Northern soil. 
 The Clark home at Jones Station was a 
 supply base for the Confederacy and hiding 
 place for Confederate spies and soldiers in 
 need of help. Mrs. Clark performed many 
 perilous missions for the Knights of the 
 Golden Circle and the Confederacy. She 
 and her sister Virginia were intimate 
 friends of Jefferson Davis. Posing as an 
 English invalid traveling for her health, she 
 once tricked Secretary of War Stanton, 
 President Lincoln, and George B. McClellan 
 into passing her through Union lines. She 
 was carrying important dispatches to Jef- 
 ferson Davis. In Richmond, she was known 
 as "the embassadress of the North." In 
 April, 1863, upon her return to Cincinnati 
 from one of these missions, she found her 
 mother and sister in the custody of General 
 Ambrose E. Burnside at his headquarters 
 at the Burnet House. They had been ar- 
 rested on board the Alice Dean as they 
 were about to sail for Memphis, Tenn., 
 with medical supplies and mail for the 
 South. With a stout heart, Charlotte faced 
 the General, pretending not to know him, 
 and asked for a pass to the South. She 
 was quietly placed under guard and con- 
 fined to the fashionable Spencer House for 
 a time. After her release, she disappeared 
 
119 
 
 Clark, D. W. 
 
 from Ohio. In 1864, the Knights of the 
 Golden Circle became the Sons of Liberty, 
 and Vallandigham was their Supreme Com- 
 mander. The crushing defeat of Vallandig- 
 ham by John Brough in the race for the 
 governorship of Ohio in that year shattered 
 the grandiose plans of those involved in the 
 Great Northwest Conspiracy. Early in De- 
 cember, Judge Clark left Butler County for- 
 ever. The Clarks went to New York City, 
 a Copperhead stronghold, to live. Judge 
 Clark practiced law and wrote regularly for 
 the New York Ledger, a literary magazine 
 having a weekly circulation of more than 
 400,000. Mrs. Clark wrote for the New 
 York World, an important Copperhead 
 paper. In poetry, Charlotte Clark could ex- 
 press deep emotions with great power. 
 After the war was over, her poem "Peace" 
 appeared in Southern newspapers and mag- 
 azines under her own name. It was a mov- 
 ing lamentation for the Lost Cause. In 
 1870, Charlotte was sent to Paris as a cor- 
 respondent of the New York World during 
 the Franco-Prussian War. She was pre- 
 sented at court by the American Minister. 
 From Paris, she went to London, where 
 she became identified with an artistic and 
 literary set. One night, at a card party in 
 the stately home of Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 
 she was challenged to write a book in 
 which a woman would be the wielder of 
 power. Lord Lytton said to her, "It is a 
 gallant battle cry, 'Place aux Dames.' You 
 will succeed." Charlotte replied, "In such 
 a combat and with such a cause, Lord Lyt- 
 ton, there is no such word as fail." Upon 
 her return to the United States, Mrs. Clark 
 lectured in the principal cities of the North 
 with much success under the nom de plume 
 of "Chalk Level." Her lectures dealt with 
 social and economic conditions in France, 
 England, and the United States. A lecture 
 on literature was entitled "Literary Bo- 
 hemia." The work promised Lord Lytton 
 and his friends appeared in 1878 under the 
 name of Charles M. Clay. The initials of 
 Mrs. Clark's pseudonym matched her own, 
 and Clay was the name of her maternal 
 grandmother. The book was published un- 
 der the title of How She Came into Her 
 Kingdom. One critic wrote that this was 
 the "maddest book of the season," but fas- 
 cinating because of the author's "unrivalled 
 powers of expression." Others compared her 
 to Jules Verne, George Eliot, and Charlotte 
 Bronte in imagination and dramatic power. 
 A second edition of this sensational novel 
 was published in 1880. White and Stokes 
 brought out a third edition entitled A 
 Daughter of the Gods in 1883. A fourth 
 edition was published under the same title 
 
 in Dodd's Dollar Novels series in 1885. A 
 second novel, Baby Rue, appeared in the 
 No Name series. Mrs. Clark's two-volume 
 work, The Modern Hagar, was published in 
 the Kaaterskill series in 1882. The New 
 York Times found it "easy to praise and 
 easy to find fault with . . . but impossible 
 to ignore." The next year, a one-volume 
 edition was issued. The author's wide ac- 
 quaintance with politics and economics sup- 
 ported the assumption that "Charles M. 
 Clay" was a man. Even Jefferson Davis was 
 deceived. A popular book which went 
 through several editions — More True Than 
 Truthful (1887) — has been incorrectly 
 ascribed to her. It was written by Mrs. 
 Charles Montague Clay. After the death of 
 her husband in 1881, Charlotte Clark, aided 
 by her son, earned her living by translating 
 French novels. At one time she undertook 
 to write a guide to all the waterways of 
 America. So far as is known, only a small 
 pamphlet on the Mississippi River was pub- 
 lished. She did not live to complete a novel 
 based on her experiences in Paris. Charlotte 
 Moon Clark died in Philadelphia at St. 
 George's Rectory, the home of her only 
 child, the Rev. Franklin Pinckney Clark 
 (1852-1910). 
 
 Ophia D. Smith 
 How She Came into Her Kingdom; A Ro- 
 mance . . . , Chicago, 1878. 
 Baby Rue . . . , Boston, 1881. 
 The Modern Hagar. A Drama, 2 vols., New 
 York, 1882. 
 
 CLARK, DAVIS WASGATT (Feb. 1812-May 
 23, 1871), clergyman, was born in Mount 
 Desert, Maine. He graduated from Wes- 
 leyan University, Conn., in 1836. He be- 
 came a Methodist clergyman in 1843 after 
 teaching in New York State for several 
 years. In 1852 he became editor of the 
 Ladies' Repository in Cincinnati and con- 
 tinued in that position until he was chosen 
 bishop in 1864. As bishop he worked 
 chiefly in Kentucky and Tennessee. He died 
 in Cincinnati. Besides the titles below, he 
 published a mathematics textbook, ser- 
 mons, and numerous pamphlets. 
 Death-bed Scenes . . . , New York, 1851. 
 Life and Times of Rev. Elijah Hedding 
 
 . . . , New York, 1855. 
 Historical Sketches . . . , Cincinnati, 1856. 
 Traits and Anecdotes of Birds and Fishes 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1856. 
 
 CLARK, DAVIS WASGATT (July 28, 1849- 
 July 25, 1935), clergyman, son of Bishop 
 D. W. Clark (q.v.), was born in New York 
 City. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1871 and Boston University 
 
Clark, E. M. 
 
 120 
 
 School of Theology in 1875. Among the 
 cities where he served as a Methodist min- 
 ister were Columbus, Dayton, and Cincin- 
 nati. He was district superintendent, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1900-05. He published articles and 
 books on social questions, e.g., Child Labor 
 and the Social Conscience . . . , [New York, 
 1924]. WWW 1 
 
 CLARK, EDNA MARIA (Mrs. James E.) 
 (June 1, 1874-June 18, 1961), art historian 
 and authority on early American crafts, was 
 born in Woodstock, Champaign County. A 
 graduate of Ohio State University, she also 
 studied at Harvard University and toured 
 European art galleries during several sum- 
 mers. She wrote many articles on American 
 crafts for periodicals, lectured on art in 
 various cities, superintended the restoration 
 of historic houses, and compiled a valuable 
 book: Ohio Art and Artists, Richmond, 
 [Va.], 1932. 
 
 CLARK, FRED GEORGE (Nov. 2, 1890- 
 ), industrialist, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He attended Kenyon 
 College, 1909-13. He held various positions 
 in the petroleum industry before becoming 
 chairman of the American Economic Foun- 
 dation in 1939. He has directed numerous 
 radio forums and written newspaper articles 
 on economic issues. His books, several of 
 which were written in collaboration with 
 Richard S. Rimanoczy, include Magnificent 
 Delusion, New York, [1940]. WW 30 
 
 CLARK, GEORGE GERLAW (March 3, 
 1857-Dec. 19, 1931), clergyman, was born 
 in Casstown, Miami County. After graduat- 
 ing from Wittenberg College in 1887 and 
 the Seminary in 1890, he was ordained to 
 the Lutheran ministry. He served churches 
 in Kentucky, Ohio, Kansas, and Colorado. 
 At the time of his death he was pastor of a 
 Lutheran church in Canon City, Colo. He 
 is buried in Dayton. 
 
 History of Wittenberg College . . . , Spring- 
 field, 1887. 
 
 CLARK, GEORGE RAMSEY (March 20, 
 1857-Dec. 14, 1945), naval officer, was 
 born in Monroe, Butler County. With sev- 
 eral other naval officers he wrote The Navy 
 1775 to 1910, 2 vols., Baltimore, 1910, 
 which was reissued several times in re- 
 vised and enlarged editions. WWW 2 
 
 CLARK, GERTRUDE THERESA (1868- 
 Aug. 9, 1905), born in Pekin, 111., was 
 brought to Toledo while a young girl and 
 spent her life in that city. Her poems ap- 
 
 peared in newspapers and magazines, and 
 she published one collection: Heart Songs, 
 Toledo, 1901. 
 
 CLARK, HAROLD TERRY (Sept. 4, 1882- 
 ), lawyer, was born in Derby, Conn. 
 He graduated from Yale University in 1903 
 and Harvard Law School in 1906, in which 
 year he was admitted to the Ohio bar. He 
 practiced in Cleveland, has been active in 
 civic and humanitarian enterprises, and has 
 written several pamphlets and books relat- 
 ing to these interests, e.g., Talking Gloves 
 for the Deaf and Blind, [Cleveland, 1917]. 
 WW 30 
 
 CLARK, JOAN. Pseud. See Mildred W. Ben- 
 son. 
 
 CLARK, MAZIE EARHART (Feb. 16, 1874- 
 Jan. 10, 1958), poet, born in Glendale, 
 Hamilton County, was married to George 
 Clark. A beauty operator and a chiropodist, 
 she wrote poetry as a pastime. Her poems 
 appeared in various periodicals, and she 
 published a collection: Garden of Memo- 
 ries, Cincinnati, 1932. 
 
 CLARK, NATALIE LORD RICE (Dec. 20, 
 1867-Dec. 16, 1932), was born in Danvers, 
 Mass. She was assistant editor of Living 
 Age, 1897-1900. In 1900 she married 
 Frank L. Clark and in 1908 came with him 
 to Miami University, where he served as 
 professor of Greek. Some of her writings 
 were published under the pen name Hobart 
 Clear. 
 
 The Green Garnet, Boston, 1895. 
 Blake Redding: A Boy of To-day, Boston, 
 
 1903. 
 Bacon's Dial in Shakespeare; A Compass- 
 Clock Cipher, Cincinnati, 1922. 
 Bacon's Drama Dial in Shakespeare; A Pup- 
 pet Stage in the Plays . . . , Mansfield, 
 1924. 
 Hamlet on the Dial Stage, Paris, 1931. 
 
 CLARK, NEIL McCULLOUGH (Dec. 13, 
 1890- ), was born in Croton, Licking 
 County. He attended Croton public schools 
 and East High School, Cleveland, and grad- 
 uated from Harvard University in 1912. 
 He did editorial work for A. W. Shaw Com- 
 pany, Chicago, 1912-20, and has since been 
 a free-lance writer. His home is in South 
 Strafford, Vt. He has published poems, ar- 
 ticles, and short stories in many national 
 magazines, and he has written several biog- 
 raphies and other books, e.g., An Inside 
 Story of Success . . . , New York, 1929. 
 WWNAA 7 
 
121 
 
 Clarke, R. 
 
 CLARK, WALTER ERNEST (June 9, 1873- 
 May 1, 1955), educator, was born in De- 
 fiance, Defiance County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1896 and Co- 
 lumbia University (Ph.D.) in 1903. He 
 taught political science at the University of 
 Nevada, 1907-17, and served as president, 
 1917-38. He published a number of pam- 
 phlets and books on economic questions, 
 e.g., The Cost of Living, Chicago, 1915. 
 WWW 3 
 
 CLARKE, EDWIN LEAVITT (May 21, 
 1888-Sept. 15, 1948), educator, was born 
 in Westboro, Mass. He graduated from 
 Clark University in 1909 and Columbia 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1916. He taught so- 
 ciology at Ohio State University, 1919-23, 
 and Oberlin College, 1927-30. His works 
 include a textbook, a doctoral study of 
 American authors, and Petting, Wise or 
 Otherwise?, New York, 1938. WWW 2 
 
 CLARKE, JOHN HESSIN (Sept. 18, 1857- 
 March 22, 1945), lawyer and judge, was 
 born in Lisbon, Columbiana County. After 
 graduating from Western Reserve Univer- 
 sity in 1877, he read law and was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar. He served as associate 
 justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, 1916- 
 22. His death occurred in San Diego, Calif. 
 He wrote America and World Peace, New 
 York, 1925. WWW 2 
 
 CLARKE, PETER H. (?-?), educator, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. A 
 teacher in the Cincinnati schools, he was 
 instrumental in securing the establishment 
 of Gaines High School and served as its 
 principal, 1866-87. He conducted classes 
 after school hours to train teachers for 
 Negro schools. He taught in St. Louis, Mo., 
 1895-1908. 
 
 The Black Brigade of Cincinnati . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1864. 
 
 CLARKE, ROBERT (May 1, 1829-Aug. 27, 
 1899), book dealer, publisher, and bib- 
 liophile, was born in Annan, Dumfreeshire, 
 Scotland. Coming with his parents to Cin- 
 cinnati in 1840, he was educated locally 
 and had a short try at bookkeeping. Then, 
 following his inclinations, he became inter- 
 ested in a small secondhand bookshop in 
 the city. This he developed into Robert 
 Clarke and Company, which in addition 
 succeeded H. W. Derby & Co. in 1858 as a 
 new book outlet. Thence into publishing 
 where finally the firm became incorporated 
 in 1894 as the Robert Clarke Company. 
 The bookstore's stock was accurately de- 
 scribed in a series of seven catalogues, 
 
 Bibliotheca Americana, issued from 1875 
 to 1893, recommended by such authorities 
 as Justin Windsor and John Fiske. Clarke 
 was responsible for a most interesting and 
 discriminating series of publications. Al- 
 though his law publications were then the 
 most important in the West, his historical 
 reprints are of the greatest interest today. 
 Drawing from an extensive personal library, 
 he began in 1868 by issuing reprints of 
 four rare pamphlets such as "The Court 
 Sermon, 1674." His best-known publications 
 are the seven volumes of the Ohio Valley 
 Historical Series issued between 1868 and 
 1871. These books, published against the 
 advice of his partners, were purchased by 
 the more important libraries and historical 
 societies. Bouquet's Expedition (Cincinnati, 
 1868) was the first of this series which was 
 hailed by critics and students as an im- 
 portant contribution to American history. 
 However, local support was wanting and 
 this valuable project was brought to a close 
 with the seventh volume. These books and 
 others related to the history and culture of 
 the Ohio Valley were all bound in the same 
 green pebbled cloth which soon became rec- 
 ognized as distinctive of the Clarke publica- 
 tions. W. H. Venable's Beginnings of Lit- 
 erary Culture in the Ohio Valley (1891) is 
 now one of the most useful and valuable 
 of the firm's publications. Clarke himself 
 edited for the Historical Series George Rog- 
 ers Clark's Campaign in Illinois, 1778-79 
 (1869), James McBride's Pioneer Biog- 
 raphies (1869), and Captain James Smith's 
 Captivity with the Indians (1870). His own 
 published productions are very slight: a 
 record of the distribution and sale of lots 
 in the town of Losantiville 1789 to 1790, 
 Information Wanted with Reference to the 
 Early Settlers of Losantiville (Now Cincin- 
 nati), (1870), The Ancient of Days (1873), 
 and an explanation of the authenticity of an 
 aboriginal artifact, The Prehistoric Remains 
 Which Were Found on the Site of the City 
 of Cincinnati, Ohio, with a Vindication of 
 the "Cincinnati Tablet" (1876). His home 
 in Glendale, a suburb of Cincinnati, was 
 famous for its library, which W. H. Ven- 
 able said could not be duplicated in the 
 West. A carefully chosen collection of 7,000 
 volumes of Americana was purchased from 
 it by William A. Procter a few years before 
 Clarke's death to be presented to the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati, where it now forms 
 an important part of the University Library. 
 An earlier collection of about 4,000 vol- 
 umes of Americana had been purchased in 
 1874 by Rutherford B. Hayes to form the 
 nucleus of his personal library now in the 
 Hayes Memorial Library at Fremont. A 
 
Clay 
 
 122 
 
 collection of Clarke's books on fishing is in 
 the Field Museum of Chicago while his 
 personal copies, uniformly bound in dull 
 green three-quarter leather, of the books 
 printed by the Clarke firm are in the li- 
 brary of the Historical and Philosophical 
 Society of Ohio. Clarke was never mar- 
 ried, contentedly spending his life in con- 
 stant reading and study. He was a bibli- 
 ophile as well as a connoisseur of printing. 
 His own books are attractive productions, 
 most legible, being reminiscent of the more 
 subtle typography of William Pickering 
 from the early part of the century. Clarke 
 was one of the first life members of the 
 Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, 
 being elected a trustee in Feb., 1899. He was 
 beloved in Glendale and was specially 
 known as the founder of the Lyceum. He 
 raised the money to build this unique social 
 center and presented it with a library of 
 nearly 5,000 volumes. He died suddenly in 
 the library of his home, having devoted a 
 good life to publishing books of quality in 
 the West. 
 
 Wyman W. Parker 
 Information Wanted with Reference to the 
 Early Settlers of Losantiville (Now Cin- 
 cinnati), Cincinnati, 1870. 
 The Ancient of Days, Cincinnati, 1873. 
 The Prehistoric Remains Which Were 
 Found on the Site of the City of Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio, with a Vindication of the 
 "Cincinnati Tablet," Cincinnati, 1876. 
 The Founders of Ohio, Cincinnati, 1888. 
 
 CLAY, CHARLES M. Pseud. See Cynthia C. 
 M. Clark. 
 
 CLEAR, HOBART. Pseud. See Natalie L. R. 
 Clark. 
 
 CLEAVELAND, CHARLES H. (1820-1863), 
 physician, was born in Lebanon, N. H. He 
 graduated from Dartmouth Medical School 
 in 1843. In 1854 he came to Cincinnati to 
 teach in the Eclectic Medical Institute. A 
 dispute with other faculty members led 
 Cleaveland to attempt to gain control of 
 the school. Unable to buy sufficient stock, 
 he barricaded himself and some friends in 
 the building but was driven out. Despite re- 
 peated attempts until stopped by the police, 
 he was unable to retake the beleaguered 
 building. He and some friends, including 
 Joseph Rodes Buchanan (q.v. ), thereupon 
 organized the College of Eclectic Medicine 
 to compete with the Institute. Besides the 
 book below, Cleaveland published a medi- 
 cal lexicon, a book on diseases of the feet, 
 and several medical articles. 
 Galvanism; Its Application as a Remedial 
 Agent, New York, 1853. 
 
 CLEAVELAND, MOSES (Jan. 29, 1754-Nov. 
 16, 1806), founder of Cleveland, led the 
 survey party in 1796 that laid out the city. 
 After returning to Connecticut in the fall 
 of 1796, Cleaveland never returned to the 
 Western Reserve. Though not an author in 
 the usual sense of the word, he published 
 An Oration Commemorative of the Life and 
 Death of General George Washington, 
 Windham, Conn., 1800. 
 
 CLEMANS, SARAH ISABELLA CHAFFIN 
 
 (July 27, 1840-Nov. 5, 1885), was born 
 near Jamestown, Greene County. She taught 
 in the Jamestown schools before her mar- 
 riage to William Clemans, then superin- 
 tendent of schools and after 1866 a Meth- 
 odist minister. After her death her husband 
 compiled a volume of her poems, letters, 
 and excerpts from her journal. 
 Flowers from the Pathways of a Conse- 
 crated Life . . . , Columbus, 1886. 
 
 CLEMENS, WILLIAM MONTGOMERY 
 
 (Jan. 16, 1860-Nov. 25, 1931), journalist, 
 was born in Paris, Stark County. He was 
 educated in Akron schools and at Buchtel 
 College. From 1879 until 1908 he served 
 on the editorial staffs of a number of 
 metropolitan newspapers, including the Pitts- 
 burgh Dispatch, Cleveland Plain Dealer, 
 San Francisco Chronicle, and New York 
 World. A prolific writer and a tireless re- 
 searcher in the field of genealogy, he not 
 only founded several short-lived periodicals, 
 but also edited genealogical records for a 
 number of families and compiled lists of 
 early wills and marriage records. His death 
 occurred in Somerset, Bermuda. 
 Famous Funny Fellows; Brief Biographical 
 Sketches of American Humorists, Cleve- 
 land, 1882. 
 Mark Twain; His Life and Work . . . , San 
 
 Francisco, 1892. 
 Life of Admiral George Dewey . . . , New 
 
 York, [1898]. 
 A Ken of Kipling; Being a Biographical 
 Sketch of Rudyard Kipling . . . , New 
 York, 1899. 
 Theodore Roosevelt, the American, New 
 
 York, [1899]. 
 The Gilded Lady; Being the True Story of 
 a Crime against the United States Gov- 
 ernment as Recorded by Henry Chardon, 
 Late of the Secret Service, New York, 
 [1903]. 
 Benjamin Franklin; A Biographical Sketch, 
 
 Akron, 1904. 
 American Unclaimed Money Index . . . , 
 
 New York, 1914. 
 The Ancestry of Theodore Roosevelt . . . , 
 New York, 1914. 
 
123 
 
 Coates, A. A. 
 
 Button Gwinnett, Man of Mystery . . . , 
 
 Pompton Lakes, N. J., 1921. 
 Famous Virginians . . . , Pompton Lakes, 
 
 N. J., 1921. 
 The Ancestry of Mary Baker Eddy . . . , 
 
 Pompton Lakes, N. J., 1924. 
 Life and Times of John Brown, [n.p., n.d.]. 
 
 CLERINIC. Pseud. See Milton G. Nicola. 
 
 CLESS, GEORGE HENRY (Dec. 6, 1892- 
 ), was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. He graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1914 and New York State 
 School of Forestry, Syracuse, in 1916. He 
 served in World War I, published the 
 Barnesville Enterprise, 1922-24, held var- 
 ious positions in Virginia and New York 
 State, and is now managing editor of Chris- 
 tian Economic Publications, New York. He 
 has published a book on world peace: The 
 Eleventh Commandment, New York, 1938. 
 WW 24 
 
 CLEVELAND, GRACE ELIZABETH MAT- 
 THEWS (June 30, 1864-June 30, 1933), 
 was born in Glendale, Hamilton County. 
 A daughter of Stanley Matthews, Supreme 
 Court justice and the wife of Harlan Cleve- 
 land, a Cincinnati attorney, she wrote 
 Mother Eva Mary C. T. . . . , Milwaukee, 
 Wis., [1929]. 
 
 CLEVELAND, KATE. Pseud. See Mrs. Re- 
 becca S. R. Nichols. 
 
 CLIFTON, JOHN LEROY (June 13, 1881- 
 April 24, 1943), educator, was born in 
 Etna, Licking County. He taught in Ohio 
 public schools, 1898-1911, graduated from 
 Ohio University in 1913, was an official in 
 the Ohio Department of Education, 1911- 
 15, and joined the faculty of Ohio State 
 University in 1915. His writings include 
 Ten Famous American Educators, Colum- 
 bus, [1933]. WWW 3 
 
 CLINTON, ALTHEA L. Pseud. See Alta 
 Taylor. 
 
 CLOPPER, EDWARD NICHOLAS (Jan. 1. 
 1879-Dec. 1, 1953), social worker, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He 
 graduated from Bethany College, W. Va., 
 in 1897 and the University of Cincinnati 
 (Ph.D.) in 1912. He served with a number 
 of state and Federal social agencies and 
 taught social work at the University of 
 Cincinnati and Ohio State University. Child 
 welfare, his major interest, was the subject 
 of a wide variety of articles, reports, and 
 books, e.g., Society and the Child, Boston, 
 [1929]. WWW 3 
 
 CLYMAN, JAMES (1792-Dec. 27, 1881), 
 frontiersman, was born in Virginia. His 
 flaming career of adventure started in Stark 
 County in 1811, the year in which his fam- 
 ily settled there. Commencing with the 
 Indian outbreaks which followed the Battle 
 of Tippecanoe, he served as ranger until 
 the close of the War of 1812. The next few 
 years he spent with surveying parties. He 
 joined Ashley's second expedition to ascend 
 the Missouri in 1823. He was a member of 
 the party of four who were the first to cir- 
 cumnavigate the Great Salt Lake. He was 
 a soldier in the Black Hawk War, 1832-34. 
 While serving with General Henry Dodge 
 in Wisconsin, he was severely wounded in 
 an encounter with an Indian. He crossed 
 the plains to Willamette, Oreg., in 1844 and 
 the following year went to California. He 
 guided a group of disappointed emigrants 
 back to Independence, Mo., in 1846 and 
 guided another party westward in 1848. 
 settling down that year in Napa. Bernard 
 DeVoto has referred to Clyman's journals, 
 which were edited by Charles L. Camp, as 
 one of the half-dozen classics in the field. 
 His death occurred at Napa, Calif. His 
 journals were published as James Clyman; 
 American Frontiersman . . . , San Fran- 
 cisco, 1928. 
 
 CLYMER, ALBERT (Dec. 10, 1827-1897), 
 was born in Fairfield County, where he 
 operated a farm throughout his life. He 
 wrote poetry as an avocation. 
 Echoes from the Woods . . . , Cedar Rapids, 
 Iowa, 1888. 
 
 COAN, CHARLES FLORUS (April 30, 1886- 
 Sept. 19, 1928), educator, was born in Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. He graduated 
 from the University of Washington in 1908 
 and the University of California (Ph.D.) 
 in 1920. He taught at the University of New 
 Mexico and other schools. Besides profes- 
 sional articles he published A History of 
 New Mexico, 3 vols., [Chicago, 1925]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 COATES, ARCHIE AUSTIN (Oct. 21, 1891- 
 ), was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 County, where his father was on the staff 
 of the Dayton Journal. He was educated 
 in Dayton and New York City schools and 
 graduated from Columbia University in 
 1913. He was associated with various peri- 
 odicals including the New York Tribune, 
 Literary Digest, and the original Life. He 
 was a staff writer at C.B.S. radio for four 
 years. He is now employed in the Depart- 
 ment of Motor Vehicles, California. His 
 
Coates, W. R. 
 
 124 
 
 poems have appeared in various magazines, 
 and he has published a collection: City 
 Tides, New York, [1918]. 
 
 COATES, WILLIAM R. (Nov. 17, 1851- 
 Feb. 20, 1935), was born in North Royal- 
 ton, Cuyahoga County. Soon after his birth 
 the family moved to Brecksville, where he 
 attended public schools. After studying at 
 Oberlin College, he taught school in Brecks- 
 ville and Independence for twelve years. A 
 leader in the Republican Party in Cleveland, 
 he served as county clerk and was mayor 
 of Brooklyn village before it was annexed 
 to the city in 1894. He published A History 
 of Cuyahoga County and the City of Cleve- 
 land, 3 vols., Chicago, 1924. WWO 
 
 COCHRAN, JOHN SALISBURY (Sept. 9, 
 1841-March 26, 1926), judge, was born in 
 Colerain Township, Belmont County. From 
 his memories of his native county, he wrote 
 a series of sketches, many dealing with 
 Civil War days: Bonnie Belmont . . . , 
 [Wheeling, W. Va., 1907]. 
 
 COCHRAN, NEGLEY DAKIN (Dec. 20, 
 1863-April 13, 1941). journalist, was born 
 in Martins Ferry, Belmont County. He at- 
 tended Lindsley Institute, Wheeling, W. Va., 
 and the University of Michigan. In 1883 
 he entered journalism in Toledo, where he 
 worked for all of the major newspapers at 
 various times; in 1897 he became editor of 
 the News-Bee. He published a biography, 
 E. W. Scripps, New York, [1933]. OBB 
 
 COCHRAN, WILLIAM C. (March 29, 1848- 
 Sept. 19, 1936), lawyer, was born in Ober- 
 lin, Lorain County. In 1869 he graduated 
 from Oberlin College, where his father was 
 a member of the faculty. After studying law 
 he was admitted to the bar; he practiced in 
 Cincinnati, 1872-1915. He continued to 
 live in Cincinnati after his retirement and 
 died in that city. He compiled a law lexi- 
 con, published a valuable account of the 
 early life of Gen. Jacob D. Cox, first de- 
 livered as an address, and wrote The West- 
 ern Reserve and the Fugitive Slave Law 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1920. OBB 
 
 COE, DOUGLAS. Pseud. See Beryl Williams. 
 
 COE, KATHERINE HUNTER (Jan. 17, 
 1886-May 12, 1950), poet, born in Indiana, 
 married Dr. Oliver P. Coe of Cincin- 
 nati and thereafter lived in that city until 
 her death. She was active in Cincinnati 
 poetry groups and published a collection of 
 verse: Sundial Shadows, Dawlish, England, 
 [1938]. WWNAA 7 
 
 COFFEEN, HENRY ASA (Feb. 14, 1841- 
 Dec. 9, 1912), was born near Gallipolis, 
 Gallia County. He moved with his parents 
 to Indiana and thence to Illinois in 1853. 
 Following his graduation from Abingdon 
 College he became a teacher, and for a 
 time he was a member of the faculty of 
 Hiram College. He moved to Sheridan, 
 Wyo., in 1884; there he became prominent 
 in politics and was elected to the 53rd 
 Congress. 
 
 Vermillion County (Illinois), Historical, Sta- 
 tistical, and Descriptive . . . , Danville, 
 111., [1871?]. 
 
 COFFIN, ELIJAH (Nov. 27, 1830-April 19, 
 1910), who was born on a farm in Har- 
 mony Township, Clark County, learned the 
 shoemaking trade as a boy and was a shoe- 
 maker in South Charleston for fifteen years. 
 Elected sheriff of the county in 1868, he 
 settled in Springfield, where he also engaged 
 in farming and the real estate business. He 
 served four terms as sheriff and later was 
 warden of the Ohio Penitentiary, 1886-90 
 and 1896-1900. 
 
 Speeches and Essays on Prison Reform 
 . . . , Columbus, 1899. 
 
 COFFIN, LEVI (Oct. 28, 1798-Sept. 16, 
 1877), was born in New Garden, N. C, of 
 Quaker parentage. Although his education 
 was slight, he taught school at intervals. 
 His efforts to conduct a Sunday school for 
 Negroes were unappreciated by neighboring 
 slave-owners, and in 1826 he moved to 
 Newport (Fountain City), Ind. Here for 
 twenty years he was very active in assisting 
 Negroes escaping from the South. In 1847 
 he went to Cincinnati, where he opened a 
 wholesale free-labor store, supported by 
 Indiana Quakers. During and after the 
 Civil War he worked zealously for the wel- 
 fare of freedmen. 
 Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the Reputed 
 
 President of the Underground Railroad 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, [1876]. 
 
 COFFINBERRY, ANDREW (Aug. 20, 1788- 
 May 12, 1856), lawyer, was born in Mar- 
 tinsburg, Va. He came with his parents to 
 Chillicothe in 1806 and moved to Lancaster 
 the following year. After serving two years 
 in the navy, he read law in Mansfield, 
 where he later practiced. In 1836 he was at 
 Perrysburg and served as one of Governor 
 Lucas's advisors during the boundary dis- 
 pute with Michigan. He went to California 
 in 1849 but returned to Ohio before his 
 death, which occurred at Findlay. He 
 dressed in Colonial costume as late as 1855 
 and because of his polished manners and 
 
125 
 
 Colby, H. F. 
 
 meticulous appearance was known among 
 his legal colleagues as Count Comnberry. 
 His long poem describing the wilderness 
 frontier and Indian warfare apparently was 
 written by 1825. It was published in 1842 
 by the Ohio Bar Association "as a compli- 
 ment to the author." 
 
 The Forest Rangers; A Poetic Tale of the 
 Western Wilderness in 1794 . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1842. 
 
 COGGESHALL, WILLIAM TURNER (Sept. 
 6, 1824-Aug. 2, 1867), editor and librarian, 
 was born in Lewistown, Pa. In 1842 he 
 came to Akron, where he edited a temper- 
 ance paper; in 1847 he moved to Cincin- 
 nati to work on the Gazette. He edited or 
 wrote for a variety of magazines, the most 
 important of which was The Genius of 
 the West, a monthly, 1854-56. He served as 
 state librarian, 1856-62. During the Civil 
 War he was on Governor Dennison's staff 
 and is said to have done secret service work 
 in Virginia, during which service he con- 
 tracted the tuberculosis which caused his 
 death. He owned the Springfield Republic, 
 1862-65, wrote for the Ohio State Journal, 
 1865-66, and served as private secretary to 
 Governor Jacob D. Cox early in 1866. He 
 was named American minister to Ecuador 
 in the hope that a warm climate would re- 
 store his health, but he died in Quito. His 
 fiction, which was quite popular during his 
 lifetime, is too moralistic and sentimental 
 for modern taste. His major contribution 
 to literary history was his continuation of 
 the thesis of W. D. Gallagher (q.v.) that 
 Western writers were ignored because of 
 the domination of publishing and critical 
 circles by an Eastern clique. Coggeshall ex- 
 pressed his belief in an address, "The Pro- 
 tective Policy in Literature," delivered in 
 1859. He planned a series of anthologies 
 to illustrate the merit of Western writers, 
 but only the first was completed, the in- 
 valuable collection, The Poets and Poetry 
 of the West. 
 
 The Signs of the Times: Comprising a His- 
 tory of the Spirit-Rappings, in Cincinnati 
 and Other Places . . . , Cincinnati, 1851. 
 Easy Warren and His Contemporaries: 
 Sketched for Home Circles, New York, 
 1854. 
 Oakshaw; Or, the Victims of Avarice: A 
 
 Tale of Intrigue, Cincinnati, 1855. 
 The Newspaper Record . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1856. 
 Home Hits and Hints, New York, 1859. 
 The Poets and Poetry of the West . . . , 
 
 Columbus, 1860. 
 Stories of Frontier Adventure in the South 
 and West, Columbus, 1860. 
 
 Ohio's Prosperity, Social and Material . . . , 
 
 [n.p., 1863?]. 
 Lincoln Memorial . . . , Columbus, 1865. 
 
 COHEN, ARMOND E. (June 5, 1909- ), 
 rabbi, was born in Canton, Stark County. 
 He graduated from New York University in 
 1930 and Jewish Theological Seminary in 
 1934. Since 1934 a rabbi of Park Synagogue, 
 Cleveland, he has written All God's Chil- 
 dren; A Jew Speaks, New York, 1945. 
 WWWJ 
 
 COHON, SAMUEL SOLOMON (March 22, 
 1888- ), rabbi, born in Lohi, Russia, 
 came to America in 1904 and graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati in 1911. 
 He served as rabbi of several congrega- 
 tions in Ohio and Illinois before joining the 
 Hebrew Union faculty, where he taught 
 Jewish theology, 1923-56. His writings in- 
 clude What We Jews Believe, Cincinnati, 
 1931. WW 30 
 
 COIT, STANTON (Aug. 11, 1857-Feb. 15, 
 1944), religious lecturer, was born in Co- 
 lumbus, Franklin County. He attended Am- 
 herst College, Columbia University, and 
 the University of Berlin. A leader in the 
 Ethical Religion movement, he lectured at 
 the West London Ethical Society, was a 
 settlement worker in New York City, and 
 preached at the Ethical Church, London, 
 England. Besides the titles below, he com- 
 piled a hymnbook and books of "ethical 
 scriptures." He died in England. 
 Neighborhood Guilds; An Instrument of 
 
 Social Reform, London, 1891. 
 National Idealism and a State Church . . . , 
 
 London, 1907. 
 National Idealism and the Book of Com- 
 mon Prayer . . . , London, 1908. 
 Woman in Church and State, London, 1910. 
 The Soul of America . . . , New York, 1914. 
 Is Civilization a Disease?, Boston, 1917. 
 
 COLBY, HENRY FRANCIS (Nov. 25, 1842- 
 May 8, 1915), clergyman, was born in 
 Roxbury, Mass., and was ordained to the 
 ministry in the Baptist Church in 1868. He 
 served as pastor of First Baptist Church, 
 Dayton, until his retirement in 1903, and 
 after retiring continued to live in Dayton 
 until his death. 
 A Tribute to the Memory of Eliam E. 
 
 Barney, Cincinnati, 1881. 
 A Tribute to the Memory of Ebenezer 
 
 Thresher, Dayton, 1886. 
 A Tribute to the Memory of Charles H. 
 
 Crawford, Dayton, 1888. 
 History of the First Baptist Church . . . , 
 
 Dayton, 1914. 
 Under Caesar's Shadow, New York, 1918. 
 
Colby, J. R. 
 
 126 
 
 COLBY, JUNE ROSE (June, 1856-May 11, 
 1940), educator, was born in Cherry Valley, 
 Ashtabula County. She graduated from the 
 University of Michigan in 1878 and earned 
 her Ph.D. there in 1886. After teaching in 
 high schools, 1879-92, she taught at Illinois 
 State Normal University, 1892-1931, pub- 
 lished numerous professional works, and 
 wrote Literature and Life in School, [Bos- 
 ton, 1906]. WWW 1 
 
 COLE, ARTHUR CHARLES (April 22, 1886- 
 ), educator, was born in Ann Arbor, 
 Mich. He served in the history departments 
 of Ohio State University, 1920-30, and 
 Western Reserve University, 1930-44. He 
 retired at Brooklyn College in 1958 and 
 has since lived in Florida. He has written 
 numerous articles and several books related 
 to American history, e.g., The Irrepressible 
 Conflict, 1850-1865, New York, 1934. WW 
 29 
 
 COLE, MERL BURKE (Mrs. Homer Lee 
 Kimsey) (d. June 4, 1959), was born in 
 Nevada, Wyandot County. She was edu- 
 cated in private schools, later lived in 
 Placerville, Calif., and wrote Six Days on 
 a Mule in Mexico, Boston, 1928. WWAW 1 
 
 COLE, RALPH DAYTON (Nov. 30, 1873- 
 Oct. 15, 1932), lawyer and congressman, 
 was born in Vanlue, Hancock County. He 
 practiced law in Findlay and served in the 
 House of Representatives, 1905-11. He was 
 a founder of the American Legion. He 
 served as lieutenant colonel in the division 
 whose history he wrote with William C. 
 Howells: The Thirty-seventh Division in the 
 World War . . . , Columbus, 1926. WWW 1 
 
 COLEMAN, MRS. AUGUSTUS T. See 
 
 George Elliston. 
 
 COLEMAN, MARY LOUISE RANDOLPH 
 
 Nov. 28, 1890- ), was born in Spring- 
 field, Clark County. She attended Massa- 
 chusetts schools and studied art in New 
 York, Chicago, and Europe. A practicing 
 landscape and interior architect in West- 
 port, Conn., she has published numerous 
 magazine articles and a book on beekeeping: 
 Bees in the Garden and Honey in the 
 Larder, New York, 1939. 
 
 COLER, CYPHRON SEYMOUR (Feb. 18, 
 1858-Jan. 6, 1944), educator, was born in 
 Malta-McConnelsville, Morgan County. He 
 graduated from Ohio University in 1883 
 and did graduate work at Johns Hopkins 
 University. He was a Federal land agent 
 in the Dakota Territory, taught in the pub- 
 
 lic schools of Ohio, North Carolina, and 
 New Jersey, and lectured at various insti- 
 tutes. He died in West Lafayette, where he 
 spent the last 25 years of his life. 
 Character Building . . . , New York, 1897. 
 
 COLERICK, EDWARD FENWICK (1822- 
 1905), lawyer, was born in Mount Vernon, 
 Knox County. His family moved to Fort 
 Wayne, Ind., in 1828, and he spent his life 
 in that state. He practiced law in Fort 
 Wayne and Indianapolis. Besides the title 
 below, he published many articles in peri- 
 odicals. 
 
 Adventures of Pioneer Children; Or, Life 
 in the Wilderness . . . , Cincinnati, 1888. 
 
 COLLETT, MARY STOKES TIBBALS 
 
 (Nov. 5, 1876-Sept. 19, 1933), poet, born 
 in Clear Creek Township, Warren County, 
 married Howard Collett and lived in Wil- 
 mington. She published a pamphlet collec- 
 tion of her verse: Home Poems, [Roswell, 
 N. M., 1917]. 
 
 COLLINS, CHARLES H. (April 15, 1832- 
 Dec. 28, 1904), lawyer, was born in Mays- 
 ville, Ky., the brother of William Arm- 
 strong Collins (q.v.). In 1850 he moved to 
 a farm at Horse Shoe Bend on the east 
 fork of the Little Miami River in Clermont 
 County, which had been his father's home. 
 He was admitted to the Ohio bar at Ba- 
 tavia in 1854. He lived in Waverly, Mo., 
 1858-64, but then settled in Hillsboro, 
 where he spent the rest of his life. His 
 play, Wibbleton to Wobbleton, was written 
 at sea to divert the passengers of a ship 
 that broke its shaft and drifted for 21 days 
 until repairs were made; the play was later 
 printed for his family. 
 Echoes from the Highland Hills, Cincinnati, 
 
 1884. 
 Wibbleton to Wobbleton . . . , Hillsboro, 
 
 1885. 
 From Highland Hills to an Emperor's Tomb 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1886. 
 The New Year Comes, My Lady, Buffalo, 
 
 N. Y., 1895. 
 Here and There in Verse and Prose, Nor- 
 
 walk, 1897. 
 Past and Present, Hillsboro, 1899. 
 
 COLLINS, CLINTON (Nov. 15, 1863-Jan. 
 25, 1940), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. After graduating from Wood- 
 ward High School and Harvard University, 
 he published a Democratic newspaper in 
 Cincinnati and was active in local politics. 
 He was assistant editor of reports and stat- 
 utes of the State Supreme Court, Colum- 
 bus, 1912-37. 
 
127 
 
 Colver 
 
 Poems, Sketches of Moses Traddles, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1890. 
 
 COLLINS, ELIJAH THOMAS (Jan. 12, 
 1818-Oct. 21, 1901), physician, was born 
 in Clark County. After studying medicine, 
 he practiced for nearly sixty years in South 
 Charleston. He wrote The Soul . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, [1901]. 
 
 COLLINS, JAMES H. (April 25, 1904-March 
 22, 1935), aviator, was born in Warren, 
 Trumbull County. Left an orphan at the 
 age of eleven, he was reared in Cuyahoga 
 Falls by an uncle and aunt. He graduated 
 from high school in Akron and attended 
 the University of Akron for a time while 
 working nights at Goodyear Rubber Com- 
 pany. In 1925 he graduated from the Army 
 Advanced Flying School, Kelly Field, 
 Texas. After four years of intermittent serv- 
 ice as an Air Corps lieutenant, he became 
 a free-lance pilot. An article in the Satur- 
 day Evening Post on his experiences gained 
 him a post as aviation columnist for the 
 New York Daily News. He planned to give 
 up flying after filling a contract with Grum- 
 man Aircraft Corporation. He died when 
 a biplane he was testing crashed near Farm- 
 ingdale, Long Island. He had just com- 
 pleted a book which was published post- 
 humously: Test Pilot, New York, [1935]. 
 
 COLLINS, MARY CATHERINE LOVE 
 
 (June 3, 1882- ), was born in Love- 
 ville, Pa., but has lived in Cincinnati since 
 1924. After graduating from Dickinson Col- 
 lege and the University of Kentucky Law 
 School, she was admitted to the bar in 
 1911. She was national president of Chi 
 Omega Sorority, 1910-52. She has written 
 numerous magazine articles and a play. The 
 Thrill to Power, New York, [1929]. WO 2 
 
 the Progressive Republican nominee for 
 governor of Minnesota in 1912. He then 
 became manager of the Paul V. Collins In- 
 ternational Newspaper Syndicate, Washing- 
 ton and London. He also wrote for maga- 
 zines and interviewed Benito Mussolini for 
 Outlook in 1927. His death occurred in 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 A Baton for a Heart, Chicago, 1888. 
 A Country Romance, Milwaukee, 1896. 
 Canadian Reciprocity vs. American Manu- 
 facturers as Well as Farmers . . . , Min- 
 neapolis, [1910?]. 
 
 COLLINS, MRS. VIVIAN. See Marjorie M. 
 Wing. 
 
 COLLINS, WILLIAM ARMSTRONG (Feb. 
 21. 1834-Nov. 4, 1898), lawyer and jour- 
 nalist, was born in Maysville, Ky., the 
 brother of Charles H. Collins, (q.v.). In 
 1850 he moved to Cincinnati, where he 
 studied law and was admitted to the bar. 
 He practiced in Cincinnati, New Orleans, 
 and Memphis, and later was associated 
 in an editorial capacity with various news- 
 papers, including the Cleveland Plain 
 Dealer, Pittsburgh Chronicle, and the Cin- 
 cinnati Saturday Night. In 1874 he moved 
 to Florida; his last years were spent in 
 Hagerstown, Md. 
 
 At Long and Short Range, Philadelphia, 
 1893. 
 
 COLLISON, WILSON (Nov. 5, 1893-May 
 4. 1941), who was born in Gloucester, 
 Adams County, wrote a number of success- 
 ful plays, including Getting Gertie's Garter 
 (1921), in collaboration with Avery Hop- 
 wood (q.v.), and numerous mystery novels, 
 e.g., A Woman in Purple Pajamas, New 
 York, 1931, published under the pen name 
 Willis Kent. WWW 1 
 
 COLLINS, PEARL (PAUL) VALOROUS 
 
 (July 22, 1860-March 8, 1931), journalist, 
 was born in Camden, Preble County. He 
 studied at the University of Minnesota, 
 University of Toulouse, and the Art Stu- 
 dents' League. After working as a reporter 
 on the Dayton Herald and the Cincinnati 
 Commercial Gazette, he went to Paris to 
 study art, but became cable correspondent 
 for the New York Tribune and other 
 American newspapers. He interviewed de 
 Lesseps when he returned from his Panama 
 inspection and Pasteur when he first an- 
 nounced the successful treatment of hydro- 
 phobia. He was editor and proprietor of 
 the St. Peter, Minn., Tribune, 1887-90, and 
 principal owner of the Northwestern Agri- 
 culturist, Minneapolis, 1893-95. He was 
 
 COLT, CLEM. Pseud. See Nelson C. Nye. 
 
 COLTON, OLIVE A. (Sept. 2. 1873- ), 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. She 
 wrote and lectured on women's suffrage, 
 the American Red Cross, and other topics. 
 She has published a number of pamphlets 
 and booklets and a travel account: Rambles 
 Abroad, Toledo, [1904]. 
 
 COLVER, ANNE (Mrs. S. Stewart Graff) 
 (June 20, 1908- ), born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County, now lives in Westchester 
 County, N. Y. She has written mysteries 
 under the pen name Colver Harris, e.g.. 
 Murder in Amber, New York. 1938, and 
 several biographies and historical novels, 
 e.g., Mr. Lincoln's Wife, New York, [1943]. 
 
Colvin, D. L. 
 
 128 
 
 COLVIN, DAVID LEIGH (Jan. 28, 1880- 
 Sept. 7, 1959), was born in South Charles- 
 ton, Clark County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1900 and 
 Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1913. He 
 lectured widely on the subject of prohibi- 
 tion and served as an officer of various 
 temperance and reform organizations. His 
 writings include Prohibition in the United 
 States . . . , New York, 1926. WWW 3 
 
 COLVIN, MARY MILES (Aug. 16, 1871- 
 Sept. 5, 1956), educator, was born in Min- 
 eral Ridge, Trumbull County. After attend- 
 ing National Normal University, she taught 
 in the schools of Youngstown. She married 
 Curtis P. Colvin of Scranton, Pa. After his 
 death she returned to Youngstown, where 
 she conducted a private school and lec- 
 tured. She published a collection of verse: 
 My Tapestry and Other Poems, [Youngs- 
 town, 1931]. 
 
 COLWELL, STEPHEN (March 25, 1800- 
 Jan. 15, 1871), industrialist and economist, 
 studied law in Steubenville and practiced 
 for a time in St. Clairsville before he left 
 the state to become an iron manufacturer. 
 He wrote widely on both economic and 
 religious themes, including New Themes 
 for the Protestant Clergy . . . , Philadelphia, 
 1851. 
 
 COLYTON, HENRY JOHN. Pseud. See Sarah 
 A. Zimmerman. 
 
 COMAN, KATHARINE (Nov. 23, 1857-Jan. 
 11, 1915), educator, was born in Newark. 
 Licking County. She graduated from the 
 University of Michigan in 1880 and was 
 on the faculty of Wellesley College, 1883- 
 1913. Besides history textbooks she wrote 
 Economic Beginnings of the Far West . . . , 
 2 vols., New York, 1912. WWW 1 
 
 COMEGYS, CHARLES GEORGE (July 30, 
 1865-July 28, 1943), lawyer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, the youngest 
 child of Cornelius George Comegys (q.v.). 
 He graduated from the University of Cin- 
 cinnati in 1878, studied at Cincinnati Law 
 School, and was admitted to the bar in 
 1880. He practiced in Cincinnati, and his 
 death occurred in that city. 
 Cornelius G. Comegys, M.D.; His Life and 
 Career in the Development of Cincinnati 
 for Nearly Half a Century . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1896. 
 
 COMEGYS, CORNELIUS GEORGE (July 
 23, 1816-Feb. 10, 1896), physician, was 
 born in Cherbourg, Del. He was educated at 
 
 Dover Academy. Failing in an attempt to 
 establish a business in Indiana, he began 
 the study of medicine and graduated from 
 the University of Pennsylvania in 1848. 
 He came to Cincinnati in 1849, where his 
 zest for writing was first disclosed; Etiology 
 and Treatment of Phthisis Pulmonalis ap- 
 peared in the transactions of the Cincinnati 
 Medico-Chirurgical Society for 1849, and 
 Matthew Simpson (q.v.), editor of the 
 Western Christian Advocate, employed him 
 as assistant editor. While abroad in 1851 
 for a year of study in London and Paris, 
 he served as European correspondent of the 
 Advocate. He became professor of anatomy 
 in the Cincinnati College of Medicine in 
 1852, resigning to accept the chair of the 
 institutes of medicine in the new Miami 
 Medical College. This was united with the 
 Medical College of Ohio in 1857, and 
 Comegys retained his chair until 1869. He 
 became lecturer on clinical medicine in the 
 Cincinnati hospital in 1857. For many years 
 he was director of the board of education, 
 and he played an active role in developing 
 the Cincinnati Public Library. He assisted 
 in the organization of the University of 
 Cincinnati in 1869. Up to the time of his 
 death, he fought persistently for the crea- 
 tion of a department of public health. On 
 Oct. 3, 1839, he married Rebecca Turner 
 Tiffin, daughter of Edward Tiffin, the first 
 governor of Ohio. His Reminiscences of 
 the Life and Public Services of Edward 
 Tiffin was published in 1869. Written as a 
 reply to a derogatory article by William N. 
 Anderson in the Circleville Democrat, it 
 has become a recognized source on the life 
 of the governor. His most ambitious literary 
 work was the translation from the French 
 of Renouard's History of Medicine. He was 
 the author of a great many papers pub- 
 lished in the medical press — two of them 
 especially attracted much attention: On the 
 Pathology and Treatment of Phthisis 
 (1854), which was referred to in the Ameri- 
 can editions of Watson's Practice and Cope- 
 land's Dictionary, and On Cool Bathing 
 Treatment of (Infantile) Enterocolitis (1875). 
 His death occurred in Cincinnati. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 The Discouragements and Encouragements 
 of the Medical Student, Cincinnati, 1856. 
 Reminiscences of the Life and Public Serv- 
 ices of Edward Tiffin, Ohio's First 
 Governor, Chillicothe, 1869. 
 Cincinnati; A Plea for an Institute, Cincin- 
 nati, 1889. 
 
 COMMONS, JOHN ROGERS (Oct. 13, 
 1862-May 11, 1944), economist, was born 
 in Hollandsburg, Darke County. He gradu- 
 
129 
 
 Conard 
 
 ated from Oberlin College (A.B., 1888; 
 A.M., 1890). After teaching for brief 
 periods in several universities, he joined the 
 faculty of the University of Wisconsin in 
 1904 and remained on the staff until his re- 
 tirement in 1932. He also served on many 
 state and Federal agencies. He was an in- 
 fluential teacher and a prolific writer. He 
 produced many articles, pamphlets, and 
 textbooks in addition to the titles listed 
 below. 
 The Distribution of Wealth, New York, 
 
 1893. 
 Social Reform and the Church, New York, 
 
 [1894]. 
 Proportional Representation, New York, 
 
 [1896]. 
 Social Problems, New York, 1898. 
 Representative Democracy, New York, 
 
 [1900]. 
 Races and Immigrants in America, New 
 
 York, 1907. 
 Documentary History of the American In- 
 dustrial Society, Cincinnati, 1910. 
 Labor and Administration, New York. 1913. 
 History of Labour in the United St ites, 
 (with others), 4 vols., New York, 1918— 
 35. 
 Industrial Goodwill, New York. 1919. 
 A Reconstruction Health Program, [Madi- 
 son, Wis., 1920]. 
 Legal Foundations of Capitalism, New 
 
 York, 1924. 
 Institutional Economics: Its Place in Polit- 
 ical Economy, New York, 1934. 
 Myself, New York, 1934. 
 
 COMPTON, ARTHUR HOLLY (Sept. 10, 
 1892- ), physicist, was born in Wooster, 
 Wayne County. His father, Elias Compton. 
 was a Presbyterian minister and a professor 
 in the college. Arthur graduated from the 
 College of Wooster in 1913 and went to 
 Princeton for graduate study (A.M.. 1914; 
 Ph.D., 1916). After a year of teaching at 
 the University of Minnesota and two years 
 with Westinghouse, he went to Cambridge 
 University, England, where he worked 
 under the great British scientist. Ernest 
 Rutherford. Compton became professor of 
 physics at Washington University. St. Louis, 
 1920-23, and then the University of Chi- 
 cago, 1923-45. He returned to Washington 
 University as chancellor, 1945-53. and is 
 now distinguished service professor. He was 
 awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 
 1927 for his work with X-rays and has re- 
 ceived many other honors. During World 
 War II he directed the Metallurgical Lab- 
 oratory of the Manhattan Project. He has 
 published technical scientific articles, lec- 
 tures on science and education, and his 
 
 story of the Manhattan Project, Atomic 
 Quest: A Personal Narrative, New York, 
 1956. A volume of his lectures is entitled 
 The Freedom of Man, New Haven, 1935. 
 CB 58 
 
 COMPTON, KARL TAYLOR (Sept. 14, 
 1887-June 22, 1954), physicist, was born 
 in Wooster. Wayne County, eldest son in a 
 distinguished family of scientists. He gradu- 
 ated from the College of Wooster in 1908 
 and Princeton (Ph.D.) in 1912. After teach- 
 ing two years at Reed College and serving 
 in France during World War I. he was pro- 
 fessor of physics at Princeton, 1919-30. 
 From 1930 to 1948 he was president of 
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He 
 also served as an adviser or an official of 
 many governmental research projects. The 
 essence of many of his lectures and 
 speeches published separately can be found 
 in A Scientist Speaks . . . , Cambridge. 
 [Mass.], 1955. WWW 3 
 
 COMPTON, WILSON MARTINDALE (Oct. 
 15, 1900- ), educator, was born in 
 Wooster, Wayne County, the brother of 
 Arthur H. and Karl T. (qq.v.). Like his 
 brothers he graduated from the College of 
 Wooster (1911) and earned a Ph.D. at 
 Princeton (1915). After a year as an in- 
 structor at Dartmouth College and two 
 years with the Federal Trade Commission, 
 he became secretary of the National Lum- 
 ber Manufacturers Association, 191 8—44. 
 He was also professor of economics at 
 George Washington University, 1934-41, 
 and president of Washington State College, 
 1944-51. Since 1953 he has been president 
 of the Council for Financial Aid to Educa- 
 tion. He has published articles and speeches 
 on economics, forestry, and science, e.g., 
 Conservation: The Form or the Substance: 
 Which? [Chicago, 1919]. WW 30 
 
 COMSTOCK, DANIEL WEBSTER (Dec. 16, 
 1840-May 19, 1917), lawyer and judge, 
 was born in Germantown, Montgomery 
 County. After graduating from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1860. he began the 
 study of law in New Castle, Ind. In 1866 
 he settled in Richmond, Ind., and in 1867 
 he married Josephine A. Rohrer of his na- 
 tive town. He practiced law in Richmond, 
 served in the Indiana State Senate, and 
 was judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit. 
 Ninth Cavalry: One Hundred and Twenty- 
 first Regiment Indiana Volunteers, Rich- 
 mond. Ind., 1890. 
 
 CONARD, HOWARD LOUIS (1853 -Dec. 7, 
 1925), who was born in Hartford, Lick- 
 
Condon 
 
 130 
 
 ing County, attended Kenyon College and 
 Ohio Wesleyan University. After two years 
 as State Librarian (1883-85) and a few 
 years as a hack writer, Conard learned dur- 
 ing a trip in the West that one of the last 
 and most colorful of the "mountain men," 
 the famous "Uncle Dick" Wootton, was 
 still living in his adobe house high in the 
 Raton Mountains. Seeking him out, Conard 
 took down the old fellow's narrative of his 
 eventful past. Therein lies Conard's claim 
 to fame. He had the good sense to let the 
 old trapper tell his story in his own ram- 
 bling style — his story that touched virtually 
 every outstanding incident in the opening 
 of the Rocky Mountain region. The book 
 achieved immediate recognition as a classic 
 in the literature of the Rocky Mountain 
 West. Conard's death occurred in Colum- 
 bus. 
 
 "Uncle Dick" Wootton, the Pioneer Fron- 
 tiersman of the Rocky Mountain Region 
 , . . , Chicago, 1890. 
 Reconstructing Eden, Columbus, 1909. 
 
 CONDON, FRANK (1882-Dec. 19, 1940), 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. He 
 began his career as a reporter in his native 
 city, moved to New York City to work as 
 an advertising man. and in 1925 moved to 
 Hollywood. He died in Beverley Hills, 
 Calif. A highly successful writer for motion 
 pictures and for national magazines, he 
 also published Once in a Blue Moon, New 
 York, [1929]. 
 
 CONE, MARY (?-?), was born in Marietta. 
 Washington County. She never married and 
 spent most of her life in the vicinity of 
 Marietta. 
 
 Two Years in California, Chicago, 1876. 
 Life of Rufus Putnam . . . , Cleveland, 
 1886. 
 
 CONE, ORELLO (Nov. 16. 1835-June 23, 
 1905), educator, was born in Lincklaen, 
 N. Y. In 1864 he became a Universalist 
 minister. A liberal, painstaking scholar, he 
 aroused controversy within and outside his 
 church. From 1880 to 1897 he was presi- 
 dent of Buchtel College, now the University 
 of Akron. During his stay in Akron he 
 published some of his most important stud- 
 ies of the New Testament. 
 Salvation, Boston, 1889. 
 Gospel-Criticism and Historical Christianity 
 
 . . . , New York, 1891. 
 The Gospel and Its Earliest Interpretations 
 
 . . . , New York, 1893. 
 Paul; The Man, the Missionary, and the 
 
 Teacher, New York, 1898. 
 
 The Epistles . . . , New York, 1901. 
 Rich and Poor in the New Testament . . . , 
 New York, 1902. 
 
 CONE, STEPHEN DECATUR (Feb. 12, 
 1840-Aug. 11, 1908), journalist, was born 
 near Crosby, Hamilton County. He learned 
 the printing trade on the Intelligencer in 
 Hamilton. During the Civil War he served 
 in the 167th O.V.I., after which he became 
 a foreman-printer in various establishments 
 in Cincinnati, Columbus, Fort Wayne, Ind., 
 and Hamilton. He edited the Oxford Citi- 
 zen, 1885-91, and the Paulding Democrat, 
 1892-97. His last years were spent in 
 Hamilton. 
 Biographical and Historical Sketches; A 
 
 Narrative of Hamilton . . . , Hamilton, 
 
 [1896]. 
 A Concise History of Hamilton . . . , 
 
 Middletown, 1901. 
 
 CONGER, ARTHUR LATHAM (Jan. 30, 
 1872-Feb. 22, 1951), army officer, was 
 born in Peninsula. Summit County, and 
 was reared in Akron. He graduated from 
 Harvard University in 1894, enlisted in the 
 army in 1898. and retired as a colonel in 
 1928. After his retirement he joined an 
 automobile brokerage business in Akron. 
 His death occurred in Pasadena, Calif. He 
 wrote The Rise of U. S. Grant, New York, 
 [1931]. 
 
 CONGER, EMILY BRONSON (May 7, 
 1843-May 31, 1917), wife of Arthur L. 
 Conger, Akron industrialist, was born in 
 Peninsula. Summit County. Active in Akron 
 cultural and social activities, she also stud- 
 ied osteopathy and was one of the first 
 women to earn a degree in that field. She 
 published an account of her travels in the 
 Orient and of two years spent with her son, 
 Colonel A. L. Conger (q.v. ). in the Philip- 
 pines: An Ohio Woman in the Philippines 
 . . . , [Akron, 1904]. 
 
 CONGER, SARAH PIKE (July 24. 1842-?), 
 was born in Painesville, Lake County. She 
 graduated from Lombard College in 1863. 
 In 1866 she married Edwin Hurd Conger, a 
 lawyer, congressman, and diplomat. When 
 her husband was appointed minister to 
 Brazil in 1891, she accompanied him to his 
 post, as she did when he was transferred to 
 China in 1898. The latter experience pro- 
 vided her with material for books on China, 
 e.g.. Old China and Young America, Chi- 
 cago, 1913. WW 6 
 
 CONKLIN, EDWIN GRANT (Nov. 24, 1863- 
 Nov. 27, 1952), educator, was born in 
 
131 
 
 Conover, F. 
 
 Waldo, Marion County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1885 and 
 Johns Hopkins University (Ph.D.) in 1891. 
 He served on the faculties of Ohio Wes- 
 leyan, 1891-94, Northwestern University, 
 1894-96, the University of Pennsylvania, 
 1896-1908, and Princeton University, 
 1908-33. He wrote a great many scientific 
 articles and monographs and numerous 
 books on evolution, heredity, and educa- 
 tion, e.g., The Direction of Human Evolu- 
 tion, New York, 1921. WWW 3 
 
 CONNELLEY, CELIA LOGAN (Dec. 17, 
 1837-June 18, 1904), daughter of Cornelius 
 Ambrosius Logan (q.v.), was born in Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. She came to Cincinnati when 
 her family settled there in 1840; there she 
 attended school and at an early age began 
 appearing on the stage. Her first husband 
 was the Cincinnati artist Miner Kilbourne 
 Kellogg (q.v.), with whom she lived in 
 Europe while serving as a correspondent for 
 American newspapers. During the Civil 
 War she translated the war news for the 
 newspapers of Milan, Italy, where she was 
 then a resident. Afterward she was associate 
 editor of The Capital in Washington, D. C. 
 Divorced from Kellogg, she married James 
 F. Connelley in 1872. Most of her novels 
 and plays were published under the pen 
 name L. Fairfax. 
 The Elopement; A Tale of the Confederate 
 
 States of America, London, 1863. 
 An American Marriage, [n.p., 1883]. 
 "Maryland," An Original Drama . . . , [n.p., 
 
 1884]. 
 Her Strange Fate. A Novel, New York, 
 
 [1888]. 
 
 CONNELLY, THOMAS W. (Sept. 21, 1839- 
 Jan. 29, 1908), was born near Brady ville, 
 Adams County. He was educated in the 
 public schools of Manchester. On Oct. 14, 
 1861, he enlisted in the 70th O.V.I. and 
 served with this regiment, a part of Sher- 
 man's forces, throughout the war. He was 
 discharged in Aug., 1865. After the war he 
 made his home in Manchester, holding the 
 offices of marshal, notary public, and con- 
 stable. He was an active member of the 
 G.A.R. and the Republican Party. He wrote 
 a regimental history: History of the Seven- 
 tieth Ohio Regiment . . . , Cincinnati, 1902. 
 
 CONNER, ELIZA ARCHARD (Jan. 4, 1838- 
 1912), journalist, was born in Clermont 
 County. She graduated from Antioch Col- 
 lege in 1861, taught in the schools of In- 
 dianapolis, Ind., and in 1869 married Dr. 
 George Conner of Cincinnati. In 1865 she 
 became a regular contributor to the Satur- 
 
 day Evening Post under the nom de plume 
 "Zig," and later to the Cincinnati Commer- 
 cial under the initials "E. A." She became 
 literary editor of the New York World in 
 1884, and the following year, joined the 
 American Press Association in an editorial 
 capacity. 
 
 "E. A." Abroad. A Summer in Europe, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1883. 
 
 CONNER, JACOB ELON (Oct. 21, 1861- ?), 
 was born in Wilmington, Clinton County. 
 He graduated from the University of Iowa 
 (A.B., 1891; Ph.D., 1903). After teaching 
 in several universities, he entered govern- 
 ment service. He was American consul at 
 Saigon, 1907-09, and St. Petersburg, Rus- 
 sia, 1909-14. 
 
 Uncle Sam Abroad, Chicago, [1900]. 
 Christ Was Not a Jew . . . , New York, 
 1936. 
 
 CONNER, JAMES RYAN (Sept. 21, 1839- 
 June 30, 1930), clergyman, was born in 
 Crossenville, Perry County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1867. 
 He served as a Methodist and later as a 
 Congregational clergyman. He wrote Mis- 
 taken Views of Scripture, Cincinnati, 1923. 
 
 CONOVER, CHARLOTTE REEVE (June 
 
 14, 1855-Sept. 23, 1940), historian, was 
 born in Dayton, Montgomery County. She 
 attended Dayton schools and the University 
 of Geneva, Switzerland. She married Frank 
 Conover (q.v.) of Dayton in 1874. She 
 taught private classes, lectured on historical 
 subjects, wrote feature stories for the Day- 
 ton Journal, and served as historical secre- 
 tary to J. H. Patterson, president of National 
 Cash Register Company. She published a 
 number of useful historical and biographi- 
 cal works, e.g., Some Dayton Saints and 
 Prophets, [Dayton], 1907, and Dayton and 
 Montgomery County . . . , 4 vols., New 
 York, 1932, and an autobiographical work: 
 On Being Eighty . . . , Yellow Springs, 1938. 
 OBB 
 
 CONOVER, FRANK (May 29, 1853-Oct. 
 24, 1912), was born in Dayton, Montgom- 
 ery County. In 1875 he graduated from 
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but 
 he practiced engineering for only a short 
 time. He turned to law and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1878. In 1879 he married 
 Charlotte Elizabeth Reeve (see above), 
 daughter of a Dayton physician. He wrote 
 editorials and poems for Dayton newspapers 
 and delivered many public addresses, chiefly 
 on libraries and education. He died in 
 Dayton. 
 
Conrard 
 
 132 
 
 Centennial Portrait and Biographical Rec- 
 ord of the City of Dayton and of Mont- 
 gomery County . . . , [Logansport, Ind.], 
 1897. 
 
 CONRARD, GEORGE HARRISON ALO- 
 YSIUS (Sept. 21, 1869-June 15, 1930), who 
 was born in Hardin County, went to Arizona 
 in the early 1890s, and there he became a 
 successful businessman. During the latter 
 years of his life he followed writing as a 
 profession. He was a classical scholar whose 
 poems ranked high in poetic technique. In 
 addition to poetry he wrote stories, novels, 
 and plays. 
 
 A Junior's Poems, Cincinnati, 1891. 
 Idle Songs and Idle Sonnets, Cincinnati, 
 
 1897. 
 Quivira, Boston, 1907. 
 The Golden Bowl, New York, 1925. 
 The Ogre of Bandit Roost, New York, 1927. 
 Peggy of Lone Peak, New York. 1927. 
 Desert Madness, New York, [1928]. 
 
 CONROY, JACK (Dec. 5, 1899- ), born 
 in Moberly, Mo., spent several years as a 
 migratory worker and lived four years in 
 Toledo ( 1 927-3 1 ) before publishing his 
 autobiographical first novel: The Disin- 
 herited, [New York, 1933]. 
 
 CONTEUR. Pseud. See Edwin Henderson. 
 
 CONVERSE, JULIUS ORRIN (May 1, 1834- 
 Sept. 2, 1902), editor, was born in Chardon, 
 Geauga County. He began working in the 
 local printing shop when he was sixteen, 
 and in 1859 he became editor of the Jef- 
 fersonian Democrat, renamed in 1872 the 
 Geauga Republican. He edited this news- 
 paper until 1902. He was active in politics 
 and was a popular speaker. His address on 
 James A. Garfield, reprinted as a pamphlet, 
 was widely circulated. 
 
 Garfield, the Ideal Man . . . , Cleveland, 
 1882. 
 
 CONWAY, MONCURE DANIEL (March 17, 
 1832-Nov. 15, 1907), clergyman, was born 
 in Virginia and was minister of First Con- 
 gregational Church, Cincinnati, 1856-62. 
 Slaves from his father's plantation made 
 their way north, and he settled them near 
 Yellow Springs. He took an active part in 
 Cincinnati cultural life; he founded and 
 edited The Dial, where he published con- 
 tributions from Emerson, Howells, and 
 others. A prolific writer, he contributed to 
 the Atlantic Monthly and other periodicals 
 while living in Ohio and also published an 
 appeal for abolition: The Golden Hour, 
 
 Boston, 1862. Acquainted with most of the 
 American and British writers of his day, 
 he wrote a valuable record of the literary 
 world in his autobiography, Autobiography 
 . . . , Boston, 1904. 
 
 COOK, TENNESSEE CELESTE CLAFLIN 
 
 (Oct. 26, 1845-Jan. 18, 1923), was born in 
 Homer, Licking County. She and her sister, 
 Victoria C. Woodhull Martin (q.v. ), are 
 two of the most flamboyant characters Ohio 
 has produced. Tennessee married a John 
 Bartels but never used his name. Although 
 both sisters lived in England after 1877, 
 they visited the United States frequently, 
 always managing to stir some controversy 
 that kept them in the public eye. In 1885 
 Tennessee married a wealthy Englishman, 
 Francis Cook, who later was made a baronet. 
 As Lady Cook she settled down in semire- 
 spectability. She collaborated with her sister 
 in writing The Human Body the Temple of 
 God. Like her sister she lectured frequently, 
 and some of her talks were issued separately 
 as pamphlets. Before going to England she 
 usually signed herself Tennie C. Claflin. 
 Constitutional Equality a Right of Women 
 
 . . . , New York, 1871. 
 What Was Her Crime? . . . , [New York, 
 
 1876]. 
 Talks and Essays, 4 vols, in 2, London, 
 
 [1897]. 
 Essays on Social Topics, London, [1898]. 
 Illegitimacy, [London, 1909?]. 
 Who Rules? [n.p., 191-?]. 
 
 COOKE, EDMUND VANCE (June 5, 1864- 
 Dec. 18, 1932), poet, born in Port Dover, 
 Ontario, Canada, was educated in the 
 public schools of Cleveland and spent his 
 life in that city. A popular lecturer and a 
 nonconformist, he advocated the single tax, 
 practiced vegetarianism, and opposed vac- 
 cination. 
 
 A Patch of Pansies, New York, 1894. 
 Rimes to Be Read, Chicago, [1897]. 
 Impertinent Poems, New York, 1903. 
 Chronicles of the Little Tot, New York, 
 
 [1905]. 
 The Biography of Our Baby, New York, 
 
 [1906]. 
 Told to the Little Tot, New York, [1906]. 
 A Morning's Mail, Philadelphia, 1907. 
 Just Then Something Happened, New York, 
 
 1909. 
 Little Songs for Two, New York, [1909]. 
 / Rule the House, New York, [1910]. 
 Baseballology, Chicago, 1912. 
 The Story Club, New York, [1912], 
 The Uncommon Commoner . . . , New 
 
 York, [1913]. 
 Cheerful Children, Chicago, [1923]. 
 
133 
 
 Cooper, W. C. 
 
 Companionable Poems, Chicago, 1924. 
 From the Book of Extenuations . . . , New 
 York, [1926]. 
 
 COOKE, FLORA JULIETTE (d.Feb., 1953), 
 educator, was born in Bainbridge, Ross 
 County. She attended public school in 
 Youngstown and then studied at Chicago 
 Normal School. She taught in Francis W. 
 Parker School, Chicago. 1891-1900, and 
 served as principal, 1900-34. The book 
 below was revised several times. She also 
 published articles on education. 
 Nature Myths and Stories for Little Chil- 
 dren, Chicago, [1895]. 
 
 COOKE, GRACE MacGOWAN (Sept. 11, 
 1863-1944), who was born in Grand 
 Rapids, Wood County, spent her girlhood in 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., where her father was 
 editor of the Chattanooga Times. She mar- 
 ried William Cooke of Chattanooga, from 
 whom she was later divorced. She began 
 contributing to magazines in 1888 and was 
 the first president of the Tennessee Women's 
 Press Club. With her sister, Alice Mac- 
 Gowan (q.v.), she joined Upton Sinclair at 
 Helicon Hall, his experimental community 
 in New Jersey, and followed him to Cali- 
 fornia when the hall burned. She lived for 
 many years at Carmel, Calif., where her 
 home was a gathering place for artists and 
 writers. She wrote a number of novels, e.g., 
 The Power and the Glory, New York, 1910. 
 Several of her books were collaborations 
 with her sister Alice. WW 19 
 
 COOKSON, CHARLES W. (July 6, 1861- 
 Nov. 14, 1947), educator, was born in Red- 
 field, Perry County. He attended Fulton- 
 ham Academy, College of Wooster, and 
 Ohio University. After serving as superin- 
 tendent of schools in various Ohio com- 
 munities, he settled in Troy, where he wrote 
 his autobiography, After Fifty Years, a 
 Pleasant Memory, [Troy, 1942]. OBB 
 
 COOLIDGE, SUSAN. Pseud. See Sarah C. 
 Woolsey. 
 
 COOMES, OLIVER (Aug. 26, 1845-June 
 27, 1921), was born near Newark, Licking 
 County. In 1856 his parents moved to Iowa, 
 and he spent most of his life in that state. 
 He operated a farm in Cass County from 
 1870 until a few years before his death, 
 when he retired to Atlantic. He served in 
 the Iowa legislature, 1877-80. In 1870 he 
 began to write dime novels; some were de- 
 tective stories but most were stories of the 
 Midwest frontier and the Indian. A few ap- 
 peared under the pen name Will Dexter, 
 
 but most he published as Oil Coomes. Al- 
 together he wrote more than 75 stories in 
 various Beadle series. A few representative 
 titles are Antelope Abe, the Boy Guide 
 . . . , New York, 1872; Foghorn Phil, the 
 King of the Border . . . , New York, 1874; 
 Jabez Dart, Detective . . . , New York, 
 1887; Dandy Bill's Doom . . . , New York, 
 1891. 
 
 COOMES, OLL. See Oliver Coomes. 
 
 COOPER, DOROTHY (1902-1939), edu- 
 cator, was born in Lockland, Hamilton 
 County. A graduate of the University of 
 Cincinnati, she taught English in Hughes 
 High School, Cincinnati, for fifteen years. 
 Her poems appeared in various periodicals, 
 and after her death her father published a 
 collection: Bedrock, Prairie City, 111., [1943]. 
 
 COOPER, JACOB (Dec. 7, 1830-Jan. 21, 
 1904), educator, was born near Somerville, 
 Butler County. He graduated from Yale 
 University in 1852 and from the Univer- 
 sity of Berlin (Ph.D.) in 1854. He also 
 studied theology at Halle and Edinburgh. 
 In 1855 he became professor of Greek at 
 Centre College, Danville, Ky. Here he soon 
 found himself the leader of a group of 
 educators who were intent on supporting 
 the Federal cause and who established the 
 Danville Review, of which Cooper was the 
 editor, 1861-65. He joined the faculty of 
 Rutgers College in 1866, where for 27 years 
 he was professor of Greek and from 1893 
 until his death was professor of philosophy 
 and logic. He served as an editor of Biblio- 
 theca Sacra, 1897-1903. His published writ- 
 ings were chiefly articles contributed to 
 scholarly periodicals and later issued as 
 pamphlets. His death occurred in New 
 Brunswick, N. J. 
 
 The Loyalty Demanded by the Present 
 Crisis, Philadelphia, 1864. 
 
 COOPER, WILLIAM COLBY (1835-Dec. 7, 
 1914), physician, was born in North Bend, 
 Hamilton County. According to Otto Juett- 
 ner (q.v.), he was without formal educa- 
 tion when he became a schoolteacher at the 
 age of twenty, and in twelve years he rose 
 to be principal of a high school. After 
 studying medicine for a short while under 
 a local practitioner, he entered the Eclec- 
 tic Medical Institute, from which he gradu- 
 ated in 1867. He practiced for twelve years 
 in Indianapolis, where he edited a small 
 professional journal, the Medical Review. 
 In 1880 he took up his permanent residence 
 in Cleves. His death occurred in that com- 
 munity. For twelve years he was associated 
 
Cooperrider 
 
 134 
 
 with W. E. Bloyer in the editorial manage- 
 ment of the Medical Gleaner. He was a 
 gifted writer with a delightful sense of 
 humor and was a forcible critic and ob- 
 server. 
 The Primitive Fundamental, Cleveland, 
 
 1897. 
 Tethered Truants; Being Essays, Sketches 
 
 and Poems, Cincinnati, 1897. 
 Immortality . . . , Cleves, 1904. 
 Preventive Medicine . . . , Cleves, 1905. 
 Mind and Matter, Cleveland, [n.d.]. 
 
 COOPERRIDER, GEORGE T. (March 20, 
 1852-Aug. 8, 1916), clergyman, was born 
 in Licking County. After graduating from 
 Capital University in 1875 and Columbus 
 Theological Seminary in 1877, he served 
 various pastorates, 1877-1901. He also edited 
 the Lutheran Standard, 1898-1909. He died 
 in Columbus. 
 
 Be True, Columbus, 1890. 
 The Lamb of God, Columbus, 1902. 
 The Last Things, Columbus, 1911. 
 In His Service, Columbus, 1913. 
 
 COPELAND, THOMAS WELLSTED (July 
 10, 1907- ), educator, was born in East 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. A graduate 
 of Yale University (A.B., 1928; Ph.D., 
 1933), he taught English at his alma mater, 
 1934-49, and since 1949 has been a mem- 
 ber of the University of Chicago faculty. 
 His writings include Our Eminent Friend 
 Edmund Burke . . . , New Haven, 1949. 
 DAS 3 
 
 COPPENS, CHARLES (May 24, 1835-Dec. 
 14, 1920), Jesuit educator, was on the 
 faculty of St. Xavier's College, Cincinnati, 
 1860-62. He published numerous articles, 
 textbooks, and devotional works. 
 
 COQUINA. Pseud. See George O. Shields, 
 
 CORBIN, CHARLES RUSSELL (Dec. 21, 
 1893-Feb. 19, 1950), journalist, was born 
 in Zanesville, Muskingum County. He 
 worked on newspapers in Zanesville, Toledo, 
 and Minneapolis; the last city was his resi- 
 dence at the time of his death. His books 
 include Why News Is News, New York, 
 [1928]. WWW 2 
 
 COREY, HERBERT (June 28, 1872-Dec. 
 28, 1954), journalist, was born in Toledo, 
 Lucas County. He spent a number of years 
 in Colorado and Wyoming before joining 
 the Cincinnati Enquirer in 1900. He was 
 later traveling correspondent for the Cin- 
 cinnati Times-Star. He died in Washington, 
 D. C. He wrote numerous magazine articles 
 
 and several books on topics of current pub- 
 lic interest, e.g., The Truth about Hoover, 
 New York, 1932. WWW 3 
 
 COREY, LEWIS (1894-Sept. 16, 1953), edu- 
 cator, was born Louis C. Traina in Italy, 
 but was brought to the United States when 
 a child of three. He grew up in San Fran- 
 cisco, was director of the Bolshevist Bureau 
 in New York, and was one of the organizers 
 of the Communist Party in the United States 
 in 1919. In 1922 he broke with the party, 
 the first of its major leaders to do so; for 
 the rest of his career he was one of the 
 most vigorous leaders of the anti-Com- 
 munist liberal movement. He was associate 
 professor of political economy, Antioch 
 College, 1942-51. He wrote a number of 
 books on social and economic issues, e.g., 
 The House of Morgan, New York, 1930. 
 
 CORINNE. Pseud. See Sarah M. N. G. Dahl- 
 gren. 
 
 CORLETT, WILLIAM THOMAS (April 15, 
 1854-June 11, 1948), physician, was born 
 in Orange, Coshocton County. He gradu- 
 ated from the medical department of Uni- 
 versity of Wooster in 1877, studied in 
 Europe, and served on the faculties of 
 Wooster, 1883-85, and Western Reserve 
 University, 1885-1924. Besides a number 
 of medical articles on diseases of the skin, 
 he wrote The Medicine-Man of the Ameri- 
 can Indian and His Cultural Background, 
 Springfield, 111., [1935]. WWW 2 
 
 CORNE, MOLLY E. Pseud. See Mrs. Clifford 
 B. Sturgeon. 
 
 CORNELL, ANNETTE PATTON, poet, born 
 in Knoxville, Tenn., lived in Cincinnati for 
 fifteen years. She is now a resident of Fort 
 Mitchell, Ky., and she is still active in Cin- 
 cinnati literary activities. She attended the 
 University of Cincinnati, University of Ten- 
 nessee, and Schuster Martin School of 
 Drama. In 1920 she married Dr. Josiah H. 
 Cornell. Since 1928 she has published poems 
 in more than a hundred periodicals and in 
 many anthologies. In 1936 she was co- 
 founder with B. Y. Williams (q.v.) of 
 Talaria, a poetry quarterly, and she is now 
 editor of Talaria publications. She has 
 published several collections of verse, among 
 them, a collaboration with Frank Hartman 
 (q.v.): Golden Feather, Ludlow, Ky., 1938, 
 and The Forbidden Woman, Cincinnati, 
 1939. 
 
 CORNETET, NOAH E. (June 2, 1867-Nov. 
 13, 1931), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Mowrystown, Highland County. He 
 
135 
 
 Cotton, W. D. 
 
 
 
 was educated at Otterbein College. After 
 being ordained a United Brethren minister 
 in 1890, he served parishes in Hallsville, 
 C\nthiana, Newark, and Logan. From 1901 
 until his death he was on the faculty of 
 Otterbein College. He wrote Prayer, a 
 Means of Spiritual Growth, Davton, [1904]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 CORNWELL, DOROTHEA GRAFF (Mrs. 
 Donovan C.) (Nov. 17. 1925- ), who was 
 born in Pittsburgh. Pa., lived in Youngstown 
 and Painesville for eighteen years, moved 
 to Louisville. Ky.. after her marriage, and 
 now lives in Philadelphia. She has written 
 book reviews and feature stories for vari- 
 ous newspapers and has published short 
 stories. Her novel They Dare Not Go 
 A-hunting, New York, 1944. was awarded 
 the Dodd Mead prize for fiction in 1944. 
 
 CORSON, ELLA MAY JACOBY (Aug. 2, 
 1861-Jan. 25. 1953). wife of Oscar T. Cor- 
 son (q.v.), was born in Camden, Preble 
 County. She was active in the cultural life of 
 Columbus, where her husband served as 
 commissioner of common schools. Her writ- 
 ings include Glimpses of Longfellow, Colum- 
 bus, 1903. 
 
 CORSON, OSCAR TAYLOR (May 3, 1857- 
 April 14, 1928), educator, was born near 
 Camden, Preble County. He served as prin- 
 cipal of several Ohio schools and was state 
 commissioner of common schools, 1892- 
 98. He lectured widely and wrote articles 
 and books on educational and other sub- 
 jects, e.e.. Abraham Lincoln; His Words 
 and Dee"ds, Dansville, N. Y., [1937]. WWW 
 1 
 
 CORWIN, JANE HUDSON (Oct. 6, 1809- 
 March 6, 1881), born in County Down, 
 Ireland, was the daughter of a Presbyterian 
 clergyman who came to the United States 
 in 1818. In 1829 she married Jesse Corwin, 
 brother of Thomas Corwin (q.v.), and re- 
 sided near Hamilton. She contributed many 
 sketches and poems to various periodicals 
 and newspapers. These were collected, and 
 500 copies were published at the solicitation 
 of her friends. 
 
 The Harp of Home; Or, the Medley, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1858. 
 
 CORWIN, THOMAS (July 29, 1794-Dec. 
 18, 1865), lawyer and public official, was 
 born in Bourbon County, Ky., but grew up 
 in Lebanon, where his father moved in 
 1798. Largely self-educated, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1818. He served in 
 the Ohio legislature, 1822-29, in the U. S. 
 House of Representatives, 1830-40 and 
 
 1858-61, as governor of Ohio, 1840-42, 
 in the U. S. Senate, 1844-50, as Secretary 
 of the Treasury, 1850-53, and as minister 
 to Mexico. 1861-64. At the time of his 
 death in Washington, D. C, he was prac- 
 ticing law in that city. His vigorous op- 
 position to the Mexican War probably handi- 
 capped his political advancement. He was 
 a witty, eloquent orator, and many of his 
 speeches were published separately. 
 Speeches of Thomas Corwin, with a Sketch 
 
 of His Life, (Isaac Strohm, ed.), Dayton, 
 
 1859. 
 
 COSGROVE, MAYNARD GILES (June 5, 
 1895- ). engineer, was born in Sylvania, 
 Lucas County. After graduating from the 
 University of Michigan in 1917, he was a 
 valuation engineer for Chicago Common- 
 wealth Edison Company and was on field 
 duty with the Federal Power Commission, 
 1939-59. He has written a number of his- 
 torical pamphlets, e.g., A History of Syl- 
 vania for the First Hundred Years . . . , 
 [Sylvania, 1933]. 
 
 COTTER, JAMES HENRY (Aug. 19, 1858- 
 Dec. 9. 1947), clergyman, was born in 
 Tipperary. Ireland. Educated at Mt. St. 
 Mary's, Md., he edited the Catholic Colum- 
 bian, published in Columbus, and from 1889 
 until his death was pastor of St. Lawrence 
 Church, Ironton. In 1904 he began lecturing 
 on Ireland and Shakespeare. He published a 
 book about his native town: Tipperary, New 
 York, [1929]. CWW 7 
 
 COTTINGHAM, WALTER HORACE (Jan. 
 8, 1866-March 12, 1930), was born in 
 Ounenice. Ontario, Canada. In 1898 he was 
 made general manager of the Sherwin Wil- 
 liams Company in Ohio, and in 1908 he 
 became president of the company. He re- 
 signed as president in 1922 and retired to 
 England, where he spent the remainder of 
 his life. He published a widely distributed 
 book, Business Success, [Cleveland?, 1907]. 
 OBB 
 
 COTTON, JAMES HARRY (June 9, 1896- 
 ), clergyman, born in Stephens, Minn., 
 graduated from the College of Wooster in 
 1921 and served on the Wooster faculty, 
 1926-28. He was pastor of Broad Street 
 Presbyterian Church, Columbus, 1928-40. 
 Since leaving Ohio he has been president of 
 McCormick Theological Seminary, 1940- 
 47, and professor of philosophy, Wabash 
 College. He has written The Christian Ex- 
 perience of Life, New York, [1933]. WW 30 
 
 COTTON, WILLI A DAWSON (Sept. 2, 1868- 
 June 7, 1942), librarian, was born in Mari- 
 
Coulter 
 
 136 
 
 etta, Washington County. She became li- 
 brarian of Marietta Public Library in 1901, 
 and spent her entire life in that community. 
 She wrote Sketch of Mound Cemetery . . . , 
 Marietta, 1904. 
 
 COULTER, ERNEST KENT (Nov. 14, 1871- 
 May 1, 1952), lawyer, was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County. After graduating 
 from Ohio State University in 1893, he 
 worked on New York newspapers and stud- 
 ied law. He was one of the organizers of 
 the Children's Court, New York City, 
 founded the Big Brother Movement in 1904, 
 and was active in other children's protective 
 movements. He practiced law, 1912-37, 
 and after his retirement lived in California. 
 His writings include The Children in the 
 Shadow, New York, 1913. WW 26 
 
 COVERT, JOHN CUTLER (Feb. 11, 1837- 
 Jan. 14, 1919), founder and first president 
 of the Rowfant Club of Cleveland, was 
 born in Norwich, N. Y. His parents brought 
 him to Cleveland while he was a boy, and, 
 after serving a three-year apprenticeship, 
 he worked as a printer in Cleveland and 
 other cities. He became a reporter on the 
 Cleveland Leader in 1868 and in 1890 was 
 made editor. He lived in France, 1897— 
 1909, serving as American consul in Lyons 
 and Marseilles and teaching English. His 
 death occurred in Cleveland. 
 The A. B.C. of Finances . . . , Akron, 1896. 
 
 COVEY, MRS. ARTHUR S. See Lois Lenski. 
 
 COWDEN, ROBERT (May 24, 1833-Sept. 
 27, 1922), was born in Leesville, Crawford 
 County. Educated in local schools, he be- 
 came a carpenter and worked at this trade 
 until Sept. 9, 1861, when he enlisted as a 
 private in Company B, 56th Illinois Volun- 
 teer Infantry. His service career was a most 
 active one. He was promoted to lieutenant 
 by reason of meritorious service at the 
 battle of Shiloh, and on July 29, 1863, he 
 was promoted to major of the 59th U. S. 
 Colored Infantry. He was discharged Jan. 
 31, 1866, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. 
 He served as postmaster at Gabon, 1878— 
 82. For a great many years he was a mem- 
 ber of the general board of the Ohio Sun- 
 day School Association and became known 
 throughout Ohio and the United Brethren 
 Church as "The Sunday School Man." He 
 wrote a family history in addition to the 
 regimental history cited below. 
 A Brief Sketch of the Organization and 
 Services of the Fifty-ninth Regiment of 
 United States Colored Infantry, and 
 Biographical Sketches, Dayton, 1883. 
 
 COWEN, BENJAMIN RUSH (Aug. 15, 1831- 
 1908), who was born in Moorefield, Har- 
 rison County, was a journalist and also held 
 various political appointments. During the 
 Civil War he rose from private to brigadier 
 general of volunteers. He died in Cincinnati. 
 Our Beacon Light . . . , Columbus, 1884. 
 The Miracle of the Nineteenth Century. Do 
 
 Missions Pay?, Cincinnati, 1891. 
 Abraham Lincoln; An Appreciation by One 
 
 Who Knew Him, Cincinnati, 1909. 
 
 COWLES, HENRY (April 24, 1803-Sept. 6, 
 1881), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Norfolk, Conn. He graduated from Yale 
 University in 1826, and after attending the 
 theological seminary for two years, he was 
 ordained a home missionary in 1828. He 
 came to Ohio, where he labored in mission- 
 ary work for two years, chiefly in Ashta- 
 bula and Sandusky. He was on the faculty 
 of Oberlin College, 1835-48, edited the 
 Oberlin Evangelist, 1848-62, was general 
 agent of the College, 1860-63, and was a 
 lecturer there, 1869-78. He was an active 
 antislavery man. 
 The Revelation of John . . . , New York, 
 
 1871. 
 The Pentateuch . . . , New York, 1874. 
 Hebrew History . . . , New York, 1875. 
 The Gospel and Epistles of John . . . , New 
 
 York, 1876. 
 The Epistle to the Hebrews . . . , New York, 
 
 1878. 
 The Shorter Epistles . . . , New York, 1879. 
 The Longer Epistles of Paul . . . , New 
 
 York, 1880. 
 Luke . . . , New York, 1881. 
 Matthew and Mark . . . , New York, 1881. 
 A Defence of Ohio Congregationalism and 
 
 Oberlin College, [n.p., n.d.]. 
 
 COWLES, JULIA DARROW (Jan. 6, 1862- 
 Sept. 6, 1919), was born in Norwalk, Huron 
 County. She graduated from Central High 
 School, Buffalo, N. Y., in 1880 and studied 
 at the University of Minnesota and North- 
 western Conservatory, Minneapolis. She was 
 department editor of the Housekeeper, 1903- 
 06, and specialized in literature for children 
 and storytelling to children. Her death oc- 
 curred in Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Artistic Home Furnishing for People of 
 
 Moderate Means, New York, [1898]. 
 Jim Crow's Language Lessons, and Other 
 
 Stories of Birds and Animals, New York, 
 
 [1903]. 
 Our Little Athenian Cousin of Long Ago; 
 
 Being the Story of Hiero, a Boy of 
 
 Athens, Boston, 1913. 
 Our Little Roman Cousin of Long Ago; 
 
 Being the Story of Marcus, a Boy of 
 
 Rome, Boston, 1913. 
 
137 
 
 Cox, James M. 
 
 The Art of Story Telling, with Nearly Half 
 a Hundred Stories, Chicago, 1914. 
 
 Our Little Spartan Cousin of Long Ago; 
 Being the Story of Chartas, a Boy of 
 Sparta, Boston, 1914. 
 
 Favorite Fairy Tales Retold; The First of 
 a Series of Children's Classics Adapted 
 for Story-telling, Chicago, 1915. 
 
 Our Little Macedonian Cousin of Long Ago; 
 Being the Story of Nearchus, a Boy of 
 Macedonia and Companion of Alexander, 
 Boston, 1915. 
 
 Favorite Folk Tales Retold; The Second of 
 a Series of Children's Classics Especially 
 Adapted for Story-telling, Chicago, 1916. 
 
 Our Little Saxon Cousin of Long Ago; 
 Being the Story of Turgar, a Boy of An- 
 glo-Saxons, in the Time of Alfred the 
 Great, Boston, 1916. 
 
 Going to School in Animal Land, Chicago, 
 [1917]. 
 
 Indian Nature Myths, Chicago, [1918]. 
 
 The Children's Story Hour, (with Ethelyn 
 Abbott), Chicago, 1924. 
 
 The Child's Own Fairy Book, Chicago, 
 1924. 
 
 Favorite Tales for Story-telling, Chicago, 
 1924. 
 
 Myths from Many Lands, Chicago, 1924. 
 
 Twilight Folk Tales, Chicago, 1924. 
 
 COX, GEORGE CLARKE (May 17, 1865- 
 Dec. 17, 1943), clergyman, educator, and 
 investment counselor, was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County. He graduated from 
 Kenyon College in 1886 and Harvard Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1910. He served as an 
 Episcopal priest, 1888-1908. After resign- 
 ing from the ministry in 1908, he was on 
 the Harvard faculty until 1911, and he 
 then taught at Dartmouth until 1915. After 
 1915 he was an insurance analyst and an 
 economic advisor. Besides many magazine 
 and newspaper articles, he wrote The Public 
 Conscience . . . , New York, [1922]. WWW 
 2 
 
 COX, JACOB DOLSON (Oct. 27. 1828-Aug. 
 4, 1900), was born in Montreal, Canada, 
 of American parents, who moved to New 
 York City the year after his birth. He at- 
 tended private schools. He moved to Lorain 
 in 1846 and three years later married Helen 
 C. Finney, the daughter of Charles G. 
 Finney (q.v. ), president of Oberlin Col- 
 lege. He graduated from Oberlin in 1851, 
 studied law in Warren while serving as 
 superintendent of schools, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1853. He was a member of 
 the state senate in 1860 and 1861. During 
 the Civil War he entered the Union Army 
 as a brigadier general of Ohio Volunteers, 
 
 April 23, 1861, and was promoted to major 
 general, Oct. 6, 1862. Having been elected 
 governor of Ohio in 1865, he resigned 
 from the army Jan. 1, 1866. He served as 
 governor, 1866-68, then moved to Cincin- 
 nati, where he resumed the practice of law. 
 He was Secretary of Interior in the first 
 Cabinet of President Grant, resigning Nov. 
 1, 1870, and again resuming the practice 
 of law in Cincinnati. While president of 
 the Wabash Railroad, 1873-78, he lived 
 in Toledo. He was elected to the 45th 
 Congress, but declined to be a candidate 
 for renomination. He served as dean of the 
 Cincinnati Law School, 1881-97, and as 
 president of the University of Cincinnati, 
 1885-89. He died at Magnolia, Mass., and 
 was interred at Spring Grove Cemetery, 
 Cincinnati. From 1874 until his death he 
 reviewed military books for the Nation, 
 and he also wrote several important military 
 histories. Many of his addresses were pub- 
 lished separately as pamphlets. 
 Reconstruction and the Relation of the 
 Races in the United States, Columbus, 
 1865. 
 Atlanta, New York, 1882. 
 The March to the Sea. Franklin and Nash- 
 ville, New York, 1882. 
 The Second Battle of Bull Rim . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1882. 
 The Battle of Franklin, Tennessee . . . , 
 
 New York, 1897. 
 Military Reminiscences of the Civil War, 
 2 vols., New York, 1900. 
 
 COX, JACOB DOLSON (Nov. 1, 1881-Feb. 
 16, 1953), industrialist, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County, the grandson of 
 Jacob D. Cox (q.v.). He graduated from 
 Williams College in 1903. After spending 
 eight years in the lumber business in Ore- 
 gon and Washington, he began as a mechanic 
 in the Cleveland Twist Drill Co., founded 
 by his father, and rose to the presidency 
 in 1919. He wrote The Economic Basis of 
 Fair Wages, New York, [1926]. WWW 3 
 
 COX, JAMES MIDDLETON (March 31, 
 1870-July 15, 1957), newspaper publisher, 
 was born in Jacksonburg, Butler County. 
 He grew up on a farm, learned the print- 
 ing business, taught school, and worked on 
 the Cincinnati Enquirer. In 1898 he bought 
 the Dayton Daily News, to which he later 
 added papers in Canton, Springfield, At- 
 lanta, Ga., and Miami, Fla. He was a mem- 
 ber of Congress, 1909-13, served three 
 terms as governor of Ohio, 1913-15, 1917— 
 21, and was the Democratic candidate for 
 President in 1920. He published an auto- 
 biography, Journev through My Years, 
 New York, 1946. WWW 3 
 
Cox, Joseph 
 
 138 
 
 COX, JOSEPH (Aug. 4, 1822-Oct. 13, 1900), 
 lawyer and judge, was born in Chambers- 
 burg, Pa., but his parents brought him to 
 Cincinnati in 1830. He read law, was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, and practiced in Cincin- 
 nati. He also served fifteen years as judge 
 of common pleas court and fourteen years 
 as judge of the circuit court. Besides the 
 booklet below, several of his addresses were 
 published as pamphlets. 
 
 United States Supreme Court: Its Organiza- 
 tion and Judges to 1835, [Cincinnati, 
 1890]. 
 
 COX, KENYON (Oct. 27, 1856-March 17, 
 1919), artist, was born in Warren, Trum- 
 bull County, the son of General Jacob Dol- 
 son Cox (q.v.). His paintings, mostly por- 
 traits, hang in many galleries. Though toler- 
 ant of other styles, he was a traditionalist 
 in his own paintings. Several of his lectures 
 and articles on painting were reprinted. He 
 also wrote Mixed Beasts, Rhymes and Pic- 
 tures, New York, 1904. DAB 4 
 
 COX, SAMUEL SULLIVAN (Sept. 30, 1824- 
 Sept. 10, 1889), journalist and congress- 
 man, was born in Zanesville, Muskingum 
 County, where his father, Ezekiel T. Cox, 
 was editor of the Muskingum Messenger. 
 After spending two years at Ohio University, 
 he transferred to Brown University, where 
 he graduated in 1846. He read law and 
 practiced for two years in Cincinnati. A 
 trip to Europe resulted in his writing A 
 Buckeye Abroad. He became editor of the 
 Ohio Statesman in Columbus in 1853 and 
 from that time took an increasingly active 
 part in politics. In 1856 he was first elected 
 to the House of Representatives, where he 
 served a total of twenty years, though not 
 continuously. A vivid description of a sun- 
 set written for his newspaper gave him the 
 nickname "Sunset" Cox, which remained 
 with him throughout his life. During the 
 Civil War he supported the government war 
 effort, but he favored a swift peace, and he 
 maintained his friendship with Clement L. 
 Vallandigham (q.v.). In 1866 he moved 
 to New York City, where he practiced law 
 and continued his participation in Demo- 
 cratic politics. Many of his speeches were 
 published separately, and he was a prolific 
 contributor to newspapers and magazines. 
 
 A Buckeye Abroad; Or, Wanderings in Eu- 
 rope, and in the Orient, New York, 1852. 
 
 Ohio Politics. Cox after Giddings . . . , 
 [Washington, 1859]. 
 
 Eight Years in Congress, from 1857 to 
 1865. Memoir and Speeches, New York, 
 1865. 
 
 Search for Sunbeams in the Riviera, Corsica, 
 Algiers and Spain, New York, 1870. 
 
 Why We Laugh, New York, 1876. 
 
 Free Land and Free Trade. The Lessons 
 of the English Corn Laws Applied to the 
 United States, New York, 1880. 
 
 Arctic Sunbeams: Or, from Broadway to 
 the Bosphorus, by Way of the North 
 Cape, 2 vols., New York, 1882. 
 
 Memorial Eulogies . . . , Washington, 1883. 
 
 Union — Disunion — Reunion. Three Decades 
 of Federal Legislation . . . , Providence, 
 R. I., 1885. 
 
 Diversions of a Diplomat in Turkey, New 
 York, 1887. 
 
 The Isles of the Princes . . . , New York, 
 1887. 
 
 COX, WILLIAM VAN ZANDT (June 12, 
 1852-July 24, 1923), was born near Zanes- 
 ville, Muskingum County. A graduate of 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1874, he was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar in 1877. He served 
 in the U. S. Museum and was an official 
 of many expositions. He became president 
 of Second National Bank, Washington, 
 D. C, in 1901. He wrote and lectured on 
 historical and biographical subjects and with 
 Milton H. Northrup wrote a life of his 
 uncle, Samuel S. Cox (q.v.). 
 Life of Samuel Sullivan Cox, Syracuse, 
 
 N. Y., 1899. 
 Biography of Matthew Gault Emery . . . , 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1904. 
 
 COXE, MARGARET (1800-?), was born in 
 Burlington, N. J. Her personal life is quite 
 obscured by her activity in behalf of the 
 feminist movement. She apparently became 
 effective in Ohio in the 1840s, reaching 
 Cincinnati by 1845. There she taught in and 
 probably helped to found the Cincinnati 
 Female Seminary, being its director from 
 1849 to 1851. Her pious pen was very busy 
 exhorting action and admonishing conduct 
 of the righteous ladies of the day. Her moral 
 strictures, The Young Lady's Companion, 
 now as dull and old hat as the cause itself, 
 received from clergymen what would be 
 termed "rave" notices today. Isaac E. Whit- 
 ing of Columbus was her enterprising pub- 
 lisher and sent out the manuscript for 
 separate printings both in Gambier and in 
 Boston, Mass. A third edition in gift format 
 (1846) included "Token of Affection" on 
 the gaudy title page and appended a recom- 
 mended "List of books for female readers." 
 The enormous success of this conduct book 
 led to a similar book whose title is but a 
 variant to intrigue a wider audience: Claims 
 of the Country on American Females. Her 
 Floral Emblems; Or, Moral Sketches from 
 
 
139 
 
 Cramer 
 
 Flowers is as juvenile and as saccharine as 
 the decade itself when sentimentality Was 
 the convention. She was earlier responsible 
 for several religious juveniles all published 
 anonymously in New York: Botany of the 
 Scriptures, Wonders of the Deep, The In- 
 fant Brother, and Visit to Nahant. These 
 have sunk into an obscurity from which it 
 is only kindness and good taste not to 
 rescue them. 
 
 Wyman W. Parker 
 
 The Young Lady's Companion; In a Series 
 of Letters, Columbus, 1839. 
 
 The Life of John Wycliffe, D.D., Columbus, 
 1840. 
 
 Claims of the Country on American Fe- 
 males, 2 vols., Columbus, 1842. 
 
 Floral Emblems; Or, Moral Sketches from 
 Flowers, Cincinnati, 1845. 
 
 The Young Lady's Companion, and Token 
 of Affection . . . , Columbus, 1846. 
 
 Woman: Her Station Providentially Ap- 
 pointed . . . , Columbus, 1848. 
 
 COXEY, JACOB SECHLER (April 16, 1854- 
 May 18, 1951), reformer, was born in 
 Selingsgrove, Pa., but lived most of his ma- 
 ture life in Massillon. Though wealthy from 
 sandstone quarries, scrap iron, patent medi- 
 cines, and a variety of other enterprises, he 
 led bands of unemployed to Washington in 
 1894 and again in 1914 to urge loans of 
 fiat money to local governments to finance 
 public works. Though designated the Com- 
 monweal of Christ, his followers were 
 familiarly known as Coxey's Army. He was 
 a perennial candidate for political office. 
 He wrote an analysis of his panacea: The 
 Coxey Plan . . . , Massillon, 1914. WWW 3 
 
 COY, MARTIN (April 8, 1863-Oct. 17, 1949), 
 was born in Louisville, Stark County. He 
 moved to Alliance in 1916 and was em- 
 ployed at the Alliance Machine Company 
 and the First National Bank. In 1905 he 
 became treasurer of the East Ohio Classis 
 of the Reformed Church. He published a 
 volume of religious savings: Gems of Wis- 
 dom, New York, [1941]. 
 
 COYLE, ROBERT McCURDY (July 17, 
 1860-Feb. 24, 1936), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County, but made his home 
 in Philadelphia, Pa., where he was an in- 
 surance broker. He published privately 
 Fenceless France; The Story of an Auto- 
 mobile Ride, Philadelphia, [i908]. WWW 1 
 
 CRABTREE, JAMES WILLIAM (April 18, 
 1864-June 9, 1945), educator, was born in 
 Scioto County. After graduating from State 
 Normal School, Peru, Neb., he taught in 
 
 Nebraska and Wisconsin. He was secretary 
 of the National Education Association, 
 1917-35. Besides numerous articles on edu- 
 cational subjects, he wrote his autobiogra- 
 phy: What Counted Most, Lincoln, Neb., 
 1935. WWW 2 
 
 CRAFTS, SARA JANE (d. 1930), religious 
 educator, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She was active in the temperance 
 movement, was a Chautauqua lecturer, and 
 founded the International Primary Union 
 of Sunday School Teachers. With her hus- 
 band, Wilbur F. Crafts, she wrote a num- 
 ber of lesson books for use in Sunday 
 Schools and pleas for temperance. 
 The Infant Class . . . , (Edward Eggleston, 
 
 ed.), Chicago, 1870. 
 A Tour around the World among the 
 
 Temperance Brownies . . . , New York, 
 
 [1896]. 
 
 CRAIG, CLARENCE TUCKER (June 7, 
 1895-Aug. 20, 1953), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Benton Harbor, Maine. 
 He graduated from Morningside College, 
 Iowa, in 1915 and Boston University (S.T.B., 
 1919; Ph.D., 1924). He was professor of 
 New Testament at Oberlin Graduate School 
 of Theology, 1928-46. During his Ohio 
 years he published One God, One World 
 . . . , New York, 1943. WWW 3 
 
 CRAIG, JOHN DAVID (April 28, 1903- ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 From 1924 to 1941 he served as cameraman 
 and director on various expeditions. He has 
 specialized in the production of adventure 
 motion pictures and television films that re- 
 quire underwater or jungle scenes. His ex- 
 periences are described in Danger Is My 
 Business, New York, 1938. WW 30 
 
 CRAMER, MICHAEL JOHN (Feb. 6, 1835- 
 Jan. 23, 1898), clergyman and diplomat, 
 was born near Schaffhausen, Switzerland. 
 In 1845 his family came to America and 
 settled in Cincinnati, where Michael learned 
 the printing trade. After graduating from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1859, he be- 
 came a Methodist minister. In 1863 he 
 married Mary Frances Grant, sister of 
 U. S. Grant. He served in diplomatic posts 
 in Leipzig, 1867-70. Denmark, 1871-81, 
 and Switzerland, 1881-85. He died in Car- 
 lisle, Pa., while serving as professor of 
 philosophy at Dickinson College. He pub- 
 lished many theological articles, but only 
 one book. 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant: Conversations and Un- 
 published Letters, New York, [1897]. 
 
Crane, G. 
 
 140 
 
 CRANE, GABRIEL (1783-?), was born in 
 New Jersey. After coming to Ohio, he lived 
 in Warren County, and died in Waynesville 
 sometime after 1850. Except for his author- 
 ship of the pamphlet below, nothing is 
 known of his life. 
 
 A Review of the Writings of Philo Pacificus 
 against War . . . , Lebanon, 1818. 
 
 CRANE, HART (July 21, 1899-April 27, 
 1932), poet, was born in Garrettsville, Port- 
 age County. His father, Clarence A. Crane, 
 was an energetic businessman, owner of a 
 chain of confectionery stores and a candy 
 manufacturer. His mother was an ardent 
 Christian Scientist. Their incompatibility cul- 
 minated in divorce in 1916, and Crane later 
 attributed the unhappiness of his personal 
 life to "the curse of sundered parentage." 
 Throughout his parents' domestic difficulties, 
 he sided with his mother and was con- 
 stantly at odds with his father, whose chief 
 concern was that he should enter the family 
 business. He attended public schools of 
 Warren and Cleveland. He was writing 
 verse at the age of thirteen, but found little 
 encouragement except from a few little 
 magazines, which were to remain his chief 
 publishing outlet. In 1916, after a bitter 
 quarrel with his father, he went to New 
 York City to stay with Carl Schmitt, an 
 Ohio-born painter. He wrote for the Pagan 
 and other avant-garde periodicals and drifted 
 into the irregular habits which culminated 
 in homosexuality and alcoholism. From 
 1916 to 1925 he alternated between Ohio 
 and Greenwich Village, working inter- 
 mittently as a reporter, a warehouse helper, 
 a salesman, and a shipyard worker. His 
 only congenial companionship in Ohio he 
 found at Herbert Fletcher's bookshop next 
 to his father's store in Akron. In the early 
 1920s he produced his first major poems, 
 "For the Marriage of Faustus and Helen" 
 and "At Melville's Tomb." Publication of 
 White Buildings in 1926 led to two grants 
 from Otto Kahn, wealthy patron of the 
 arts, and enabled him to work on his am- 
 bitious long poem, The Bridge. This poem, 
 a conscious effort to refute the spirit of 
 Eliot's Wasteland, attempted to express the 
 myth of America, its vitality and strength. 
 The central symbol of the poem is Brooklyn 
 Bridge. His wish to identify himself with 
 American life resembles the poetic aims 
 of Whitman. A subjective mysticism renders 
 the poem highly obscure and robs it of 
 organic unity, but it is filled with vivid 
 images. The critical success of The Bridge 
 in 1930 resulted in Crane's receiving a 
 Guggenheim fellowship to go to Mexico to 
 write a long poem on Cortes and Monte- 
 
 zuma. Feeling that he had failed and had 
 wasted his fellowship time in Mexico, he 
 leaped to his death from the ship on which 
 he was traveling back to New York. Col- 
 lected Poems, edited by Waldo Frank, was 
 published in 1933. His genuine poetic tal- 
 ents, which were never fully realized, and 
 the pathos of his personal life won him a 
 circle of admirers; but the obscurity and 
 inconclusiveness of his verse have kept that 
 circle small. DAB 21 
 
 CRANMER, GIBSON LAMB (1826-1903), 
 lawyer, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. After graduating from Woodward 
 College in 1847, he read law; he practiced 
 in Wheeling, W. Va., and also served for 
 eight years as judge of Wheeling municipal 
 court. He wrote History of Wheeling City 
 and Ohio County, West Virginia, Chicago, 
 1902. WWW 1 
 
 CRANSTON, EARL (June 27, 1840-Aug. 2, 
 1932), clergyman, was born in Athens, 
 Athens County, and was reared in Jackson 
 County. After attending Ohio University, 
 he served with Ohio and West Virginia 
 troops in the Civil War. Converted to 
 Methodism after the war, he joined the 
 Ohio Conference in 1867, and after preach- 
 ing in several states was made bishop in 
 1896. He was a founder of the Methodist 
 Book Concern, Cincinnati. He died in New 
 Richmond. He published numerous books 
 and addresses, including a plea for the 
 reuniting of Northern and Southern branches 
 of the Methodist Church: Breaking Down 
 the Walls, New York, [1915]. DAB 21 
 
 CRANSTON, LUCIE MASON (July 6, 1857- 
 Oct. 23, 1937), wife of Bishop Earl Crans- 
 ton (q.v.), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She attended Ohio Wesleyan Fe- 
 male Seminary. After her husband's retire- 
 ment in 1912, they lived near New Rich- 
 mond, Clermont County, and her death 
 occurred in that community. She published 
 an anonymous collection of poetry: Some 
 Little Verses (Mostly Reverses) by an Un- 
 versed Author, Cincinnati, [1928]. 
 
 CRAPSEY, ALGERNON SIDNEY (June 28, 
 1847-Dec. 31, 1927), clergyman, father of 
 the poet Adelaide Crapsey, was born in 
 Hamilton County. After spending two years 
 in the army during the Civil War, he en- 
 tered business. From 1869 to 1872 he stud- 
 ied at St. Stephen's College and Seminary, 
 after which he was ordained an Episcopal 
 priest. After serving as rector of St. An- 
 drew's Church, Rochester, N. Y., 1879- 
 
141 
 
 Crawford, T. R. 
 
 1906, he was deposed for heresy for ques- 
 tioning the divinity of Jesus Christ. His 
 death occurred in Rochester. 
 Five Joyful Mysteries, New York, 1888. 
 The Story of a Simple Life . . . , New York, 
 
 1900. 
 The Greater Love, New York, [1902]. 
 Religion and Politics, New York, [1905]. 
 The Re-birth of Religion . . . , New York, 
 
 1907. 
 Did Jesus Really Live? A Debate . . . , 
 
 Chicago, [1908]. 
 The Rise of the Working Class, New York, 
 
 1914. 
 International Republicanism, the Way to 
 
 Permanent Peace, Philadelphia. 1918. 
 The Ways of the Gods, New York, 1920. 
 The Last of the Heretics . . . , New York, 
 
 1924. 
 
 CRARY, CHRISTOPHER GORE (Jan. 22, 
 1806-March 13, 1895), born in Becket, 
 Mass., was brought to Kirtland by his par- 
 ents in 1811. They were among the first 
 settlers of that community. When past 
 eighty, he wrote his reminiscences for the 
 Willoughby Independent. They were later 
 published in an edition of 100 copies. He 
 died in Lamoile, Iowa, at the home of a 
 son. 
 
 Pioneer and Personal Reminiscences, Mar- 
 shalltown, Iowa, 1893. 
 
 CRAVATH, PAUL DRENNAN (July 14, 
 1861— July 1, 1940), lawyer, was born in 
 Berlin Heights, Erie County, where his fa- 
 ther was Congregational minister. His 
 father was chaplain of the 101st O.V.I, dur- 
 ing the Civil War, and afterward the fam- 
 ily lived in Cincinnati (1866-70). He grad- 
 uated from Oberlin in 1882 and Columbia 
 Law School in 1886. Practicing in New 
 York City, he became one of the nation's 
 first modern corporation lawyers. Besides 
 legal works, he published several accounts 
 of his travels, including Letters Home from 
 the Far East and Russia, [New York, 1931]. 
 DAB 22 
 
 CRAVENS, MARY J. (1825-Feb. 5, 1912), 
 born in Pavilion, N. Y., lived in Toledo for 
 nearly thirty years. She came there in 1873, 
 when her husband, Charles Cravens, be- 
 came pastor of the Unitarian church. She 
 was active in the cultural life of the city, 
 worked for the cause of women's suffrage, 
 and published poems in various periodicals. 
 The volume listed below was written in 
 memory of a daughter who died in child- 
 hood. 
 
 Story of Daisy . . . , Toledo, 1898. 
 
 CRAWFORD, BENJAMIN F. (May 12, 
 1881- ), clergyman, was born near 
 London, Madison County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1906 
 and also studied at Boston University and 
 the University of Pittsburgh. He retired 
 from the Methodist ministry in 1945 and 
 now lives in Delaware. He has published 
 several books on religious themes, e.g.. 
 Religious Trends in a Century of Hymns, 
 Carnegie, Pa., [1937]. RLA 2 
 
 CRAWFORD, CHARLES (1866-Dec. 28, 
 1945), army officer, was born in Coshocton, 
 Coshocton County. He graduated from the 
 U. S. Military Academy in 1889 and served 
 in the army until his retirement as a brig- 
 adier general in 1919. After retiring from 
 the army, he lived in Paola, Kan. His death 
 occurred in that community. He wrote a 
 book on economics and at least two books 
 on military subjects, e.g., Six Months with 
 
 the 6th Brigade, Kansas City, Mo., [1928]. 
 WWW 3 
 
 CRAWFORD, LYDIA BENEDICT, poet, was 
 born in New Orleans. In 1900 she married 
 Wilmer Crawford, and in 1908 they moved 
 to Cincinnati, where she lived until 1955, 
 when she returned to New Orleans. She has 
 published a collection of poems: The After- 
 glow, Columbus, 1937. 
 
 CRAWFORD, MARY (Oct. 23, 1861-May 
 17, 1946), missionary, was born in Madison 
 Township, Columbiana County. She at- 
 tended Mount Hope Academy, Mount 
 Union College, and Moody Bible Institute, 
 Chicago. In 1895 she joined her aunts Sue 
 and Kate McBeth, Presbyterian missionaries 
 to the Nez Perce Indians. After her formal 
 retirement, she continued to teach music 
 and recreation among the Indians. She died 
 in the West and is buried at Spalding, 
 Idaho. She wrote The Nez Perces Since 
 Spalding . . . , [Berkeley, Calif.], 1936. 
 
 CRAWFORD, THOMAS ROBB (March 8, 
 1821-June 24, 1898), clergyman, was born 
 near New Athens, Harrison County, but 
 grew up near Steubenville, where his par- 
 ents moved when he was a few months 
 old. He graduated from Franklin College in 
 1844, taught there for two years, and was 
 ordained by the Steubenville Presbytery in 
 1846. He was pastor of Nottingham Pres- 
 byterian Church, Moorefield, 1847-86. 
 Historical Narrative of the Presbyterian 
 
 Church of Nottingham . . . , Wheeling, 
 
 W. Va., 1871. 
 Forty Years Pastorate and Reminiscences, 
 
 Wheeling, W. Va., 1887. 
 
Creager 
 
 142 
 
 CREAGER, CHARLES E. (April 28, 1873- 
 ), was born in Farmersville, near Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. While attending 
 Northern Indiana University, he taught 
 school; he later worked on various news- 
 papers in Dayton, Columbus, Cincinnati, 
 and Marietta. He served with the 4th O.V.I, 
 during the Spanish-American War. In 1904 
 he moved to Muskogee, Okla., and still 
 lives in that community. He served in the 
 61st Congress, was in the U. S. Indian 
 Service, and was in the oil business until 
 his retirement in 1934. 
 The 14th Ohio National Guard . . . , Co- 
 lumbus, 1899. 
 
 CRECRAFT, EARL WILLIS (Jan. 27, 1886- 
 March 30, 1950), educator, was born in 
 Brookville, Ind. He graduated from Frank- 
 lin College in 1907 and Columbia Univer- 
 sity (Ph.D.) in 1911. He was professor of 
 political science at the University of Akron, 
 1919-38, and professor and dean at Kent 
 State University, 1938-47. His writings in- 
 clude Freedom of the Seas, New York, 
 1935. WWW 3 
 
 CREHORE, WILLIAM WILLIAMS (Feb. 3, 
 1864-Sept. 13, 1918), civil engineer, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He 
 graduated from Yale University in 1886 and 
 Sheffield Scientific School in 1888. He lived 
 in New Jersey. Besides technical articles, 
 he wrote Protection's Brood; A Presentation 
 of the Direct and Indirect Consequences of 
 the Continuance of a Protective Tariff Sys- 
 tem ... , New York, 1912. WWW 1 
 
 CRESSEY, GEORGE BABCOCK (Dec. 15, 
 1896- ), educator, was born in Tiffin, 
 Seneca County. He graduated from Deni- 
 son University in 1919 and the University 
 of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1921. He joined the 
 faculty of the University of Syracuse in 
 1931. Widely known as a geographer and 
 geologist, he has written numerous text- 
 books and books on current problems, e.g., 
 The Basis of Soviet Strength, London, 
 [1944]. WW 29 
 
 CRESSLER, ALFRED MILLER (Sept. 19, 
 1877-Nov. 19, 1939), banker, born in Fort 
 Wayne, Ind., lived in Cincinnati from 1914 
 until his death. An executive of Central 
 Trust Company, he published Vignettes of 
 Writers and Artists, [San Francisco], 1946. 
 
 CRETCHER, MACK (Dec. 9, 1868-June 20, 
 1946), journalist, was born in Springhills, 
 Champaign County. In 1871 his parents 
 moved to Kansas. After attending the 
 schools of Sedgwick, Kan., he operated a 
 
 farm and then published the Sedgwick 
 Pantograph, 1892-1913. After eight years 
 in the Philippines as assistant director of 
 agriculture, he edited the Newton Journal, 
 1925-40. He wrote The Kansan; A Novel, 
 Philadelphia, [1923]. WWNAA 7 
 
 CREW, FLEMING H. (May 21, 1882- ), 
 lawyer, was born in McConnelsville, Mor- 
 gan County. After graduating from Ohio 
 State University (A.B.; LL.B), he began 
 the practice of law in Cleveland in 1907. 
 He was assistant attorney general in Puerto 
 Rico, 1910-11. He retired from active prac- 
 tice in 1930 and now lives in Beverly. 
 With his sister, Alice Crew Gall (q.v.), he 
 wrote several hundred stories for children 
 and a number of books, e.g., The Royal 
 Mimkin, New York, 1934. 
 
 CREWSON, EVANDER A. (Dec. 8, 1849- ? ), 
 was born in Washington County. No de- 
 tails concerning his life have been found, 
 but he apparently moved to Missouri, 
 where his only book was published. 
 Old Times, a Collection of Poems, Kansas 
 City, Mo., 1893. 
 
 CRILE, GEORGE WASHINGTON (Nov. 11, 
 1864-Jan. 7, 1943), physician, was born in 
 Chilli, Coshocton County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Northern University in 1886 
 and University of Wooster (M.D.) in 1887. 
 He was a member of the Wooster faculty, 
 1899-1900, and of the Western Reserve 
 University faculty. 1900-24. One of the 
 world's great surgeons, he was a founder 
 of the Cleveland Clinic. He wrote a great 
 many professional articles and books, as 
 well as books for the general reader, e.g., 
 A Mechanistic View of War and Peace, 
 New York, 1915. WWW 2 
 
 CRILE, GRACE McBRIDE (Jan. 23, 1876- 
 Aug. 23, 1948), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. She married the distin- 
 guished surgeon George W. Crile (q.v.), 
 Feb. 7, 1900. She accompanied her hus- 
 band on a scientific expedition to Africa 
 and kept a day-by-day journal of her ad- 
 ventures, which she published as Skyways to 
 a Jungle Laboratory, New York, [1936]. 
 She also edited a two-volume autobiography 
 of her husband, drawing on his diaries and 
 other records and adding sidelights written 
 by herself. 
 
 CRIPPEN, WILLIAM G. (July 4, 1820-April, 
 1863), journalist, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. At the age of sixteen, he 
 became a printer working for J. A. James. 
 In 1840 he was one of the founders of the 
 
143 
 
 Cross, D. W. 
 
 Cincinnati Times and served for many years 
 on its editorial staff. In the early years of 
 the Civil War he served as a correspondent. 
 Many of his newspaper pieces were written 
 under the pen name Invisible Green. Al- 
 though his humorous sketches appear to 
 have attracted wide attention, little is 
 known about him. 
 
 Green Peas, Picked from the Patch of In- 
 visible Green, Esq., Cincinnati, [1856]. 
 
 CRISPIN, WILLIAM FROST (Nov. 14, 
 1833-Jan. 20, 1916), clergyman, was born 
 near New Martinsburg, Fayette County, 
 and spent his boyhood on a farm in High- 
 land County. After graduating from Na- 
 tional Normal University in 1860, he taught 
 school for several terms and then entered 
 the drug and grocery business. In the early 
 1880s he was employed by Buchtel College 
 as a fund-raiser. He was an ardent prohi- 
 bitionist. He preached for a number of 
 years before his ordination as a Universalist 
 minister in 1890, after which he organized 
 a church in Mansfield and also preached in 
 Springfield. His death occurred in Akron. 
 Besides the title below, he published a fam- 
 ily history and a lecture on Abraham Lin- 
 coln. 
 
 Universalism and Problems of the Univer- 
 salist Church, Akron, 1888. 
 
 CRONBACH, ABRAHAM (Feb. 16, 1882- 
 ), educator and rabbi, was born in In- 
 dianapolis, Ind. He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati in 1902 and Hebrew 
 Union College in 1906. After serving as 
 rabbi in various cities, including Akron 
 (1917-19), he joined the faculty of Hebrew 
 Union College, where he served as profes- 
 sor of social studies, 1922-50. His writings 
 include The Quest for Peace, Cincinnati, 
 1937. WW 28 
 
 CROOK, ALJA ROBINSON (June 17, 1864- 
 May 30, 1930), educator, was born in 
 Circleville, Pickaway County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1887. 
 After 1892 he lived in Illinois, where he 
 taught at Wheaton College and Northwest- 
 ern University and served as curator of the 
 State Museum of Natural History, 1906-17. 
 His writings include technical articles and 
 monographs and A History of the Illinois 
 State Museum of Natural History, Spring- 
 field, 111., 1907. WWW 1 
 
 CROOK, GEORGE (Sept. 23, 1829-March 
 21, 1890), army officer, was born near Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. After graduating 
 from the U. S. Military Academy in 1848, 
 he served in the Northwest until the out- 
 
 break of the Civil War. His service during 
 the war was commendable though unspec- 
 tacular, and he rose to the brevet grade of 
 major general. After the war until his death, 
 Crook served in the West, fighting against 
 the Sioux in 1876 and against the Apaches 
 in the early 1880s. His general attitude to- 
 ward the Indians, however, was humane 
 and enlightened. Except for letters on the 
 Indian question and official reports, he pub- 
 lished nothing during his lifetime. His au- 
 tobiography was edited by Martin F. 
 Schmitt in 1946: General George Crook. 
 His Autobiography, Norman, Okla., 1946. 
 DAB 4 
 
 CROOK, ISAAC (Dec. 10, 1833-Feb. 20, 
 1916), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Crossenville, Perry County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1859. Ordained to the ministry of the Metho- 
 dist Church in 1864, he served pastorates 
 in Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and 
 Kentucky. He also served as president of the 
 University of the Pacific, 1891-92, chancel- 
 lor of Nebraska Wesleyan University, 
 1892-96. and president of Ohio University, 
 1896-98. His death occurred in Spokane, 
 Wash. 
 Hon. C. C. White. A Character Sketch, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1896. 
 Jonathan Edwards, Cincinnati, [1903]. 
 The Earnest Expectation, Cincinnati, [1905], 
 John Knox: The Reformer, Cincinnati, 
 
 [1906]. 
 The Great Five; The First Faculty of the 
 
 Ohio Wesleyan University, Cincinnati, 
 
 [1908]. 
 
 CROOKS, JAMES (Oct. 6, 1825-Feb. 1, 
 1908), physician, was born in Butler 
 County, a native Ohioan by the length of 
 a hallway. His parents' home was on the 
 state line, and he was born on the Ohio 
 side. The following year the family moved 
 to Indiana, where he spent his life except 
 during his attendance at Eclectic Medical 
 College, Cincinnati, where he graduated in 
 1859. 
 
 The Autobiography of James Crooks . . . , 
 Terre Haute, Ind., 1900. 
 
 CROSS, DAVID WALLACE (Nov. 17, 1814- 
 April 9, 1891), was born in Richland, N. Y. 
 After attending Hamilton Seminary, he 
 moved to Cleveland in 1836. He practiced 
 law for a while, but in 1835 with Oliver 
 Hazard Perry (q.v.) he engaged in coal 
 mining in the Mahoning Valley — a business 
 in which he acquired a substantial fortune 
 so that he could retire in 1867. He was one 
 of the founders of the renowned Winous 
 
Cross, N. 
 
 144 
 
 Point Shooting Club on Sandusky Bay and 
 became well known for his articles on gun- 
 nery and angling. 
 
 Fifty Years with the Gun and Rod . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1880. 
 
 CROSS, NELSON (1820-March 13, 1897), 
 lawyer and judge, was born in Lancaster, 
 N. H. Before the Civil War he practiced 
 law in Cincinnati, where he was a founder 
 of the Literary Club and also served as 
 judge of common pleas court in 1854. Dur- 
 ing the Civil War, he served in the 1st 
 Long Island Volunteers and the 67th New 
 York Infantry. He was cited for gallantry 
 at Gettysburg, and in 1867 he was pro- 
 moted to the brevet rank of major general. 
 After the war he practiced law in New 
 York City until 1894. He died in Dor- 
 chester, Mass. 
 
 Life of General Grant . . . , New York, 
 [1872?]. 
 
 CROSS, ROSELLE THEODORE (Aug. 21, 
 1844-Nov. 18, 1924), clergyman, was born 
 in Richville, N. Y. He entered Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1861, and while in college he taught 
 in several Ohio schools. He attended Union 
 Theological Seminary and was ordained to 
 the ministry of the Congregational Church 
 in 1869. After serving as principal of the 
 preparatory department, Oberlin College, 
 1869-74, he served numerous pastorates in 
 the West. He was a pastor in Cleveland, 
 1910-12, and in Twinsburg, 1912-17. After 
 retiring from the ministry, he continued to 
 live in Twinsburg until his death. Besides 
 the titles below, he published a rhetoric 
 manual and a family history. 
 Home Duties . . . , Chicago, [1886]. 
 Clear as Crystal . . . , Chicago, [1887]. 
 Crystals and Gold, York, Neb., 1903. 
 My Mountains, Boston, 1921. 
 
 CROSS, STEWART. Pseud. See Harry S. 
 Drago. 
 
 CROTHERS, SAMUEL (Oct. 22, 1783-Iuly 
 22, 1856), clergyman, was born near 
 Chambersburg, Pa. He accompanied his 
 father to Lexington, Ky., in 1787. In 1809 
 he was licensed to preach by the Kentucky 
 Presbytery, and in 1810 he began preach- 
 ing in Greenfield and Chillicothe. As a re- 
 sult of his opposition to closed communion, 
 he resigned in 1818 and moved to Win- 
 chester, Ky., but he returned to Greenfield 
 in 1820 and organized a church that he 
 served until his death. He was a vigorous 
 opponent of slavery and wrote a series of 
 letters on abolition in the Cincinnati Jour- 
 
 nal, 1827-31. He died in Oswego, 111., while 
 visiting his son. Besides the title below, a 
 number of his sermons were published. 
 The Life and Writings of Samuel Crothers, 
 
 D.D., (Andrew Ritchie, ed.), Cincinnati, 
 
 1857. 
 
 CROTHERS, SAMUEL DICKEY (April 20, 
 1883-July 19, 1916), clergyman, was born 
 in Greenfield, Highland County, the son of 
 Samuel Crothers (q.v.). He studied at 
 Centre College, Princeton University, and 
 Danville Seminary. In 1863 he became pas- 
 tor of the Greenfield church, where his 
 father had served for more than 35 years. 
 He resigned his pastorate in 1900 because 
 of ill health. 
 Centennial Historical Sketches of Greenfield, 
 
 Ohio, and Vicinity, (with W. H. Irwin), 
 
 Greenfield, 1876. 
 
 CROUSE, DAVID ELDRIDGE (Oct. 7, 
 1882- ), electrical engineer, was born 
 in Kingston, Ross County, and attended the 
 schools of that community. He was chief 
 engineer of several electric railway com- 
 panies in Maryland and New York. After 
 retiring in 1932, he returned to Kingston, 
 where he now lives. In 1934 he prepared 
 a centennial history of the town. He has 
 also published The Ohio Gateway, New 
 York, 1938. 
 
 CROUSE, RUSSEL (Feb. 20, 1893- ), 
 the son of Hiram Powers and Sarah 
 (Schumacher) Crouse, is said to have been 
 born in Findlay, Hancock County. No other 
 city in or out of Ohio has claimed to be his 
 birthplace, but Findlay has never taken the 
 trouble to deny it. Thus the Ohioana Li- 
 brary has been placed in the delicate posi- 
 tion of listing Mr. Crouse among its Ohio 
 Authors and Their Books. His father was 
 a newspaperman and for many years was 
 the publisher of the Toledo News-Bee. This 
 forms the basis of the assertion that Russel 
 Crouse was educated in the public schools 
 of Toledo. He did attend the public schools 
 of Toledo. This must be said in all fair- 
 ness to Crouse, even if it is not fair to 
 Toledo. He was a loving son, however, and 
 did learn enough to read newspapers — his 
 father's and others. It is not strange, there- 
 fore, that when he reached the age of earn- 
 ing a living (this was expected of boys 
 around the turn of the century) he turned 
 to newspaper work. In 1910 he started as a 
 reporter on the Cincinnati Commercial- 
 Tribune. The next we hear of the subject 
 of this dossier is that he had become a re- 
 porter on the Kansas City Star. The year 
 was 1911. He was later promoted (?) to 
 
145 
 
 Crouse, R. 
 
 sports writer and managed to hold his job 
 on this paper for five years. During his 
 tenure as sports writer there was a prize 
 fighter in the Middle West who fought un- 
 der the name of Buck Crouse. This quickly 
 settled the question of how his intimates 
 would address our hero. You can hardly 
 call a sports writer Russel, so he was called 
 Buck, an appellation that has stuck to him 
 ever since. In 1916 Buck approached the 
 management of the Kansas City Star for a 
 small raise. He was turned down and re- 
 moved himself from that paper. He has 
 said since that had he received this paltry 
 raise he might have spent the rest of his 
 life on the Kansas City Star. Thus are dram- 
 atists made. He next went to the Cincin- 
 nati Post as a political reporter. And in 
 1918 he enlisted in the Navy. When his 
 children say to him: "Daddy, what did you 
 do in the great war?", being a truthful 
 man, he has to answer: '"I was on recruit- 
 ing duty." He was also managing editor of 
 the Great Lakes Bulletin. After the war the 
 evidence in the files shows that he came to 
 New York and was a reporter on the New 
 York Globe, the New York Evening Mail, 
 and the New York Evening Post. Of these 
 three papers, only the latter survived Mr. 
 Crouse's services. He became a columnist, 
 publishing paragraphs of his own devising, 
 besides light verse and pieces of wit which 
 were contributed. Through this column he 
 gained a reputation in New York of being 
 a most amusing fellow. On June 17. 1923. 
 he married Alison Smith (now deceased), 
 a newspaperwoman with whom he had 
 worked on the Evening Globe. During his 
 stints on New York newspapers he eked 
 out his salary by serving as press agent for 
 various people in the entertainment field, 
 such as Ruth Draper, Edward Johnson of 
 the Met, and a string of prize fighters. In 
 1932 he obtained a leave of absence from 
 the New York Post and became the press 
 agent for the Theatre Guild. This organiza- 
 tion was at that time the most active and 
 distinguished management producing plays 
 in the city of New York. Press agentry 
 brought Mr. Crouse into the theater, an 
 institution of which he had been a devotee 
 since he first went to burlesque shows. In 
 1931 Mr. Crouse took a fling at writing the 
 libretto of a musical comedy. It was called 
 The Gang's All Here. Several collaborators 
 were called in to contribute ideas, among 
 them being Oscar Hammerstein. II. This is 
 worth mentioning because in 1959 Mr. 
 Crouse again found himself working with 
 Oscar Hammerstein, II. The Gang's All 
 Here did not attract any great public at- 
 tendance and collapsed after a few weeks. 
 
 In 1933, in collaboration with Corey Ford, 
 Mr. Crouse wrote the libretto of Hold 
 Your Horses for Joe Cook. This was his 
 first success in the theater. It ran an entire 
 season. In 1934 Mr. Crouse was looking 
 out of the window of his office in the Guild 
 Theatre on 52nd Street. Looking out of an 
 office window of the Alvin Theatre, exactly 
 across the street, was the producer, Vinton 
 Freedley, who called across to Crouse to 
 come over and see him. It turned out 
 Freedley had been trying to reach Mr. 
 Crouse all day, it not occurring to him 
 that his quarry was just across the street. 
 When they met, Mr. Freedley said, "How 
 would you like to write a musical comedy 
 with Howard Lindsay?" Mr. Crouse an- 
 swered, "When do we start?" They started 
 that night, and this collaboration has lasted 
 ever since — a matter of 25 years as of now. 
 To list their joint efforts: Anything Goes, 
 1934; Red, Hot and Blue, 1936; Hooray 
 for What?, 1937; Life with Father, 1939; 
 Strip for Action, 1942; State of the Union, 
 1945 (Pulitzer Prize Play, 1946); Life with 
 Mother, 1948; Call Me Madam, 1950; Re- 
 mains to Be Seen, 1951: The Prescott Pro- 
 posals, 1953 (starring Katharine Cornell); 
 The Great Sebastians, 1955 (starring Alfred 
 Lunt and Lynn Fontanne); Happy Hunt- 
 ing, 1956; Tall Story, 1959; The Sound of 
 Music, 1959 (with Rodgers and Hammer- 
 stein and starring Mary Martin). Life with 
 Father holds the record of the longest con- 
 secutive run of any play in New York City. 
 Not content with writing plays this team 
 also produced plays written by other dram- 
 atists: Arsenic and Old Lace, by Joseph 
 Kesselring (1911). The Hasty Heart, by 
 John Patrick (1945), and Detective Story, 
 by Sidney Kingsley (1949). The only play 
 they both wrote and produced was The 
 Great Sebastians. Mr. Crouse's success as 
 an author is not limited to plays. He wrote 
 the following books: Mr. Currier and Mr. 
 Ives (1930), It Seems like Yesterday 
 (1931), Murder Won't Out (1932), The 
 American Keepsake (1932). Besides these, 
 he has been a contributor of articles to 
 magazines: and both alone and in collabora- 
 tion with Howard Lindsay has written many 
 screenplays, and together Mr. Crouse and 
 Mr. Lindsay adapted for television Arsenic 
 and Old Lace and State of the Union. On 
 June 28, 1945, Mr. Crouse married Anna 
 Erskine, the daughter of the distinguished 
 author and educator, John Erskine. They 
 have two children — Timothy, born 1947, 
 and Lindsay Ann, born 1948. Mr. Crouse 
 and his wife have collaborated on two 
 Landmark books for children: Peter Stuyve- 
 sant and Alexander Hamilton and Aaron 
 
Crowell, B. 
 
 146 
 
 Burr. The Crouses have a house at 151 
 East 61st Street in New York City and 
 another at Annisquam, Mass., where they 
 spend the summer months. Mr. Crouse is 
 active in the Dramatists' Guild and its par- 
 ent body, The Authors' League of America, 
 which he served at one time as president. 
 He is a member of The Players. In 1951 
 Mr. Crouse was given an honorary degree 
 of Doctor of Fine Arts by Ohio Wesleyan. 
 The humorist who is the subject of this 
 biography thereupon stated that this an- 
 swered the question "Is there a doctor in 
 the Crouse?" This anecdote is included as 
 an encouragement to all young Ohioans 
 who someday hope to be writers. 
 
 Howard Lindsay 
 
 CROWELL, BENEDICT (Oct. 21, 1869- 
 Sept. 8, 1952), mining engineer, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He grad- 
 uated from Yale University in 1891. During 
 World War I he was assistant secretary of 
 war and director of munitions, and in World 
 War II he was defense consultant to Sec- 
 retary of War Henry L. Stimson. With 
 Robert F. Wilson (q.v.), he wrote a six- 
 volume World War I history: How Amer- 
 ica Went to War, New Haven, 1921. WW 
 26 
 
 CROWELL, CHESTER THEODORE (Oct. 
 
 14, 1888-Dec. 26, 1941), was born, in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He worked 
 on various newspapers in the Southwest 
 and on the New York Evening Post. He 
 was a special assistant to the Secretary of 
 the Treasury in the early years of the New 
 Deal, an experience that led to his writing 
 Recovery Unlimited; The Administration's 
 Monetary Policy and the Current Boom, 
 New York, [1936]. WWW 1 
 
 CROWNFIELD, GERTRUDE (Oct. 26, 1867- 
 June 3, 1945), was born in Baltimore, Md., 
 and became a schoolteacher in Urbana at 
 the age of seventeen. She also attended Ur- 
 bana University for a time. She later taught 
 school in Wisconsin and was a nurse in 
 New York City. She wrote many historical 
 novels for young readers, e.g.. Freedom's 
 Daughter, New York, 1930. AATB 
 
 CROZIER, ALFRED OWEN (Aug. 10, 1863- 
 Sept. 26, 1939), lawyer and banker, was 
 born in Grand Rapids, Mich., and lived 
 there until 1909, when he moved to Cincin- 
 nati. He was an active supporter of Theo- 
 dore Roosevelt in the Bull Moose cam- 
 paign of 1912. His death occurred at 
 Harbor Springs, Mich. He wrote a number 
 of technical works dealing with finance and 
 
 international law and also published a 
 novel, The Magnet; A Romance of the Bat- 
 ties of Modern Giants, New York, 1908. 
 OBB 
 
 CRUMLEY, JOHN JACKSON (Feb. 10, 
 1863-Jan. 1, 1952), state forester and edu- 
 cator, was born in Carter County, Tenn. He 
 earned his Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins Univer- 
 sity in 1904. After serving as professor of 
 Latin at Antioch College, he became a state 
 forester at the Ohio Experiment Station, 
 Wooster, in 1909. In 1912 he moved to 
 Athens. He established a number of parks 
 in southern Ohio. His writings on forestry 
 include Constructive Forestry for the Pri- 
 vate Owner, New York, 1926. 
 
 CULBERTSON, ANNE VIRGINIA (Nov. 16, 
 1864-Dec. 7, 1918), was born in Zanes- 
 ville, Muskingum County. She attended 
 public and private schools in Wisconsin, 
 Missouri, and Kentucky, and graduated 
 from Putnam Seminary, Zanesville. She 
 contributed verse and stories to magazines 
 and also gave readings from her own works. 
 She lived in Zanesville. Most of her writing 
 is in Negro dialect. 
 Lays of a Wandering Minstrel, Philadelphia, 
 
 1896. 
 At the Big House Where Aunt Nancy and 
 
 Aunt 'Phrony Held Forth on the Animal 
 
 Folks, Indianapolis, [1904]. 
 Banjo Talks, Indianapolis, [1905]. 
 
 CULBERTSON, HENRY COE (July 11, 
 1874-March 2, 1933), clergyman, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, the son of 
 James Coe Culbertson (q.v.). After grad- 
 uating from the University of Cincinnati in 
 1895 and Columbus Law School in 1898, 
 he earned a bachelor of divinity degree at 
 the University of Chicago and in 1902 was 
 ordained a Presbyterian minister. He served 
 widely scattered pastorates throughout the 
 United States. Among his writings is Evo- 
 lution Helps Christianity . . . , [Chicago, 
 1925]. WWW 1 
 
 CULBERTSON, HUGH EMMETT (April 15, 
 1882- ), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 Havana. Huron County. He attended Milan 
 schools, read law in Sandusky, and gradu- 
 ated from the law school of Ohio State 
 University in 1905. In the same year he 
 began practicing in Sandusky and also be- 
 came an editor on the staff of the Laning 
 Law Book Company, Norwalk. He was a 
 writer on the staff of the Lawyers' Co-oper- 
 ating Publishing Company, Rochester, N. Y., 
 1908-12. He resumed the practice of law 
 at Loudonville in 1912. He has served as 
 
147 
 
 Cunningham, W. M. 
 
 judge of the court of common pleas and 
 now lives in Ashland. His writings include 
 Medical Men and the Law . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1913. WW 8 
 
 CULBERTSON, JAMES COE (Dec. 19, 
 1840-1908), physician, was born at Cul- 
 bertson's Mills, Miami County. He entered 
 the Civil War as a private, became a hos- 
 pital steward, and was promoted to as- 
 sistant surgeon. He served with the 5th 
 O.V.I, and the 137th O.V.I. After the war 
 he began practicing medicine in Cincin- 
 nati, where he edited the Lancet and Clinic. 
 In 1893 he was named to the faculty of 
 Cincinnati College of Medicine and Sur- 
 gery. 
 
 Luke: The Beloved Physician . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1899. 
 
 CULLER, ARTHUR JEROME (March 14, 
 1883-Nov. 27, 1946), clergyman, was born 
 at Hartville, Stark County. He graduated 
 from Juniata College in 1908, Union Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1911. and Columbia 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1912. A minister of 
 the Disciples of Christ, he was dean of 
 Hiram College, 1921-29, and pastor of 
 Heights Christian Church in Cleveland, 
 1930-45. His writings include Creative Re- 
 ligious Literature; A New Literary Study 
 of the Bible, New York, 1930. WWW 2 
 
 CULLER, LUCY YEEND (Feb. 25, 1849- 
 Oct. 10, 1924), was born in Cheltenham, 
 England. When she was three, her family 
 came to Claridon Township, Geauga 
 County. She attended district schools until 
 she was fifteen and then became a country 
 schoolteacher. She entered Oberlin College 
 and graduated in 1873. She afterward 
 taught in the Cleveland public schools for 
 four years. In 1877 she married Rev. Jacob 
 H. Culler, a Lutheran minister. They lived 
 in Williams County, Iowa, and Bucyrus, 
 Wapakoneta, and Springfield. 
 Europe, through a Woman's Eye, Phila- 
 delphia, 1883. 
 Violet, Burlington, Iowa, 1889. 
 Lectures. Addresses, Dayton, 1905. 
 A Retrospect and Other Poems, Dayton, 
 1914. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM, ALBERT BENJAMIN 
 
 (June 22, 1888- ), educator, was born 
 in Linden, W. Va., but grew up in Ohio. 
 He graduated from Muskingum College in 
 1913, Drew Theological Seminary in 1915, 
 and New York University (Ph.D.) in 1926. 
 He was dean of Lebanon University, 1916- 
 17, and taught English at several other in- 
 
 stitutions before joining the staff of Texas 
 Technical College in 1929. He has written 
 educational articles and numerous mystery 
 novels, some of them under the pen name 
 Garth Hale, e.g., Murder at Deer Lick, New 
 York, 1939. WW 30 
 
 CUNNINGHAM, AUBURN S. (May 15, 
 1884- ), industrial engineer, was born 
 in Lafayette, Ind., and attended the public 
 schools of Frankfort, Ind., and Bucyrus. He 
 later lived in Cleveland and Canton. He has 
 written a Presidential history which has 
 been issued in several revised editions: 
 Everything You Want to Know about the 
 Presidents, [Cleveland, 1928]. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM, VIRGINIA (June 20, 1909- 
 ), was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 County. After graduating from Ohio State 
 University in 1931, she taught at Wilbur 
 Wright High School, Dayton, until 1938, 
 when she resigned to do free-lance writing. 
 She has also done editorial work for Scott, 
 Foresman Company, 1940-46, and Saalfield 
 Publishing Company, 1946-47. In 1949 she 
 married Lloyd E. Holmgren, a mining en- 
 gineer, and until 1954 she lived in South 
 America. She is now a resident of Portland, 
 Oreg. She has published many articles and 
 stories in children's magazines and more 
 than twenty books, e.g., Paul Laurence 
 Dunbar and His Song, New York, 1947. 
 
 CUNNINGHAM, WALLACE McCOOK 
 
 (March 23, 1881-Nov. 10, 1945), educator, 
 was born in Lisbon, Columbiana County. 
 He graduated from Roanoke College in 
 1902 and the University of Pennsylvania 
 (Ph.D.) in 1922. He taught at Wharton 
 School of Finance, 1908-09 and 1917-21. 
 He was engaged in ranching and real es- 
 tate in British Columbia, 1909-17, and 
 taught at a number of universities including 
 New York University, 1921-24, University 
 of Southern California, 1924-27, and the 
 University of Georgia, 1931-33. He also 
 was president of the California Stock Ex- 
 change. He wrote a book to prove that a 
 group of Freemasons headed by Francis 
 Bacon wrote Shakespeare's plays: The 
 Tragedy of Francis Bacon, Prince of Eng- 
 land . . . , Los Angeles, 1940. WW 21 
 
 CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM M. (March 9, 
 
 1829-Aug. 16, 1909), was born in Newark, 
 Licking County. A merchant and insurance 
 agent in Newark, he published several man- 
 uals and handbooks on Freemasonry and 
 a historical work: History of Freemasonry 
 in Ohio from 1791 . . . , 3 vols., Cincin- 
 nati, 1909-14. 
 
Curran, G. E. 
 
 148 
 
 CURRAN, GEORGE EDWIN (May 10, 
 1892- ), was born in Zanesville, Mus- 
 kingum County, where he attended St. 
 Thomas school until he was fourteen. After 
 learning telegraphy, he was employed by 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad. His last known 
 address was Los Angeles. His poems ap- 
 peared in various periodicals, and he also 
 published a collection: The Last Judgment, 
 Zanesville, [1924]. 
 
 CURRAN, GRACE WICKMAN (1865-Sept. 
 26, 1946), was born in Norwalk, Huron 
 County. Her husband, Charles C. Curran, 
 was an artist, and she was for a number of 
 years librarian at the National Academy of 
 Design, New York City. She edited monthly 
 books for art-lovers, 1908-10, and wrote a 
 novel, A Seventh Daughter, Boston, 1904. 
 
 CURRIER, ALBERT HENRY (Nov. 15, 
 1837-Nov. 11, 1927), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Skowhegan, Maine. He 
 graduated from Bowdoin College in 1857 
 and Andover Theological Seminary in 1862. 
 Ordained a Congregational minister in 1862, 
 he served churches in Massachusetts, 1862- 
 81, and served on the faculty of Oberlin 
 Theological Seminary, 1881-1907. 
 The Life of Constans L. Goddell, D.D., 
 
 New York, [1887]. 
 Where Is Charley? 1905. 
 Nine Great Preachers, Boston, 1912. 
 The Present Day Problem of Crime, Boston, 
 
 1912. 
 Biographical and Literary Studies, Boston, 
 
 [1915]. 
 Robert Leighton, the Apostolic Anglican 
 
 Prelate of Scotland; A Biographical 
 
 Sketch, Oberlin, [1923]. 
 
 CURRY, OTWAY (March 26, 1804-Feb. 17, 
 1855), poet, was born in Greenfield, High- 
 land County. In 1823 he went to Lebanon, 
 where he learned the carpenter's trade, at 
 which he worked until 1829. He was a 
 farmer in Union County until 1839 and 
 served in the legislature, 1836-37. He was 
 associated with William Davis Gallagher 
 (q.v.) in publishing the Hesperian in 1838. 
 He began to study law in 1839, and with 
 the exception of the years 1843-45, when 
 he edited the Torch-Light at Xenia, and 
 1853-54, when he edited the Scioto Gazette 
 at Chillicothe, he practiced law until his 
 death, which occurred at Marysville. In the 
 summer of 1827 a number of poetical con- 
 tributions signed "Abdullah" appeared in 
 the newspapers of Cincinnati in quick suc- 
 cession, which, according to William D. 
 Gallagher, were so much superior to the 
 ordinary run of such things as to excite 
 
 general attention. Gallagher, enamored of 
 one of the productions entitled "The Min- 
 strel's Home," determined to find out the 
 author if it were possible to do so. After 
 a time he found "Abdullah" among a group 
 of young carpenters engaged in building a 
 business structure in Cincinnati; thus began 
 a lifelong friendship between these distin- 
 guished poets. 
 The Lore of the Past, Cincinnati, 1838. 
 
 CURRY, WILLIAM LEONTES (June 25, 
 1839-April 27, 1927), was born in Union 
 County. He was the nephew of Otway 
 Curry (q.v.). He entered Otterbein College 
 in 1860, but withdrew in Jan., 1861, to 
 study law. He served in the 1st Ohio Cav- 
 alry until Dec. 30, 1864, when he was dis- 
 charged for disability. He was a merchant 
 in Union County until 1875, served three 
 terms as county auditor, and held various 
 state and county posts. He died in Colum- 
 bus, where he lived in his old age. Besides 
 the titles below, he published articles on 
 historical and military subjects. His regi- 
 mental history is highly praised by Ryan. 
 War History of Union County . . . , Marys- 
 ville, 1883. 
 Four Years in the Saddle, History of the 
 First Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry 
 . . . , Columbus, 1898. 
 History of Jerome Township, Union County 
 
 . . . , Columbus, 1913. 
 Ohio, the Buckeye State, Columbus, 1915. 
 History of Union County . . . , Indianap- 
 olis, 1915. 
 
 CURTIS, ALVA (June 3, 1797-Oct, 1881), 
 physician, was born in Columbia, N. H. He 
 practiced medicine in Cincinnati and served 
 as dean of the Physio-medical College 
 there. 
 Lectures on Midwifery . . . , Columbus, 
 
 1837. 
 A Fair Examination and Criticism of All 
 the Medical Systems in Vogue, Cincin- 
 nati, 1855. 
 The Provocation and the Reply . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1870. 
 Lectures on the Philosophy of Language, 
 of Grammar and Composition, Cincin- 
 nati, 1874. 
 The Phvsio-medical Family Book . . . , New 
 York, 1875. 
 
 CURTIS, ANNA LOUISA (Aug. 15, 1882- 
 ), was born in Waite Hill, Lake 
 County. Although her family moved to 
 New York City while she was a child, she 
 spent her summer vacations with her 
 grandparents in Ohio. She graduated from 
 Swarthmore College in 1904. An original 
 
149 
 
 Curtiss, P. A. 
 
 member of the Friends Service Committee, 
 organized in 1917, she was active in its 
 work. She was secretary of the Island Press, 
 1940-56. She now lives in New York City. 
 She has published many stories, poems, and 
 articles in periodicals for young people, in- 
 cluding a collection: Stories of the Under- 
 ground Railroad, New York, 1941. 
 
 CURTIS, MATTOON MONROE (Oct. 19, 
 1858-Sept. 19, 1934), educator, was born 
 in Rome, N. Y. He graduated from Ham- 
 ilton College in 1880 and Union Theological 
 Seminary in 1883; he also studied for two 
 years at University of Leipzig. Ordained a 
 Presbyterian minister in 1883, he preached 
 at Beckwith Memorial Church in Cleveland 
 until 1888, when he joined the Western 
 Reserve University faculty. Besides a num- 
 ber of works in his professional field of 
 philosophy, he wrote The Story of Snuff 
 and Snuff Boxes, New York, 1935. 
 
 CURTIS, WILLIAM ELEROY (Nov. 5, 
 1850-Oct. 5, 1911), journalist and world 
 traveler, was born in Akron, Summit 
 County. He graduated from Western Re- 
 serve College in 1871. He was on the staff 
 of the Chicago Inter-Ocean, 1873-87; he 
 then became Washington correspondent of 
 the Chicago Record, a connection which 
 continued until the end of his days. He trav- 
 eled through South America as special com- 
 missioner of the United States and in 1889 
 remained as the first director of the Bureau 
 of American Republics. As director of the 
 bureau he began publication of handbooks, 
 several of which he wrote himself. Well 
 launched on his career as a globe-trotter, 
 for which he became best known, he re- 
 signed from the bureau in 1893. His bril- 
 liant letters describing important incidents 
 and picturing foreign lands brought him 
 wide recognition. He was a prime favorite 
 in Chicago newspaper circles and a soft 
 touch for the impecunious members of the 
 fraternity. Eugene Field, who owed him 
 money, once wrote in his column in the 
 Chicago Daily News: "W. E. Curtis is in 
 town to look after his permanent invest- 
 ments." He died of apoplexy in Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Tibbelses' Folks, Chicago, 1875. 
 
 Zachariah Chandler, an Outline Sketch of 
 His Life and Public Services, 1880. 
 
 Children of the Sun, Chicago, 1883. 
 
 A Summer Scamper along the Old Santa Fe 
 Trail . . . , Chicago, 1883. 
 
 The Capitals of Spanish America, New 
 York, 1888. 
 
 The Land of the Nihilist. Russia . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1888. 
 
 Trade and Transportation between the 
 
 United States and Spanish America, 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1889. 
 Handbook of the American Republics, 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1890. 
 Costa Rica, Washington, D. C, 1891. 
 Ecuador, Washington, D. C, 1891. 
 Guatemala, Washington, D. C, 1891. 
 Venezuela — a Land Where It Is Always 
 
 Summer, Washington, D. C, 1891. 
 The United States and Foreign Powers, 
 
 Meadville, Pa., 1892. 
 The Relics of Columbus . . . , Washington, 
 
 D. C, 1893. 
 Venezuela . . . , New York, 1896. 
 The Yankees of the East . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1896. 
 Today in France and Germany, Chicago, 
 
 1897. 
 Between the Andes and the Ocean . . . , 
 
 Chicago, 1900. 
 The True Thomas Jefferson, Philadelphia, 
 
 1901. 
 Abraham Lincoln, Philadelphia, 1902. 
 Denmark, Norway and Sweden, Akron, 
 
 1903. 
 The True Abraham Lincoln, Philadelphia, 
 
 1903. 
 The Turk and His Lost Provinces . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1903. 
 To-day in Syria and Palestine, Chicago, 
 
 1904. 
 Egypt, Burma and British Malaysia, Chi- 
 cago, 1905. 
 Modern India, Chicago, 1905. 
 One Irish Summer, New York, 1909. 
 Around the Black Sea . . . , New York, 
 
 1911. 
 Letters on Canada, [n.p.], 1911. 
 Turkestan; "The Heart of Asia," New York, 
 
 1911. 
 
 CURTISS, GEORGE LEWIS (Nov. 21, 1835- 
 March 30, 1898), clergyman, was born in 
 Columbia. Lorain County. After graduating 
 from Baldwin University in 1854, he taught 
 mathematics at Moore's Hill College, Ind. 
 He afterward served as pastor of various 
 Methodist churches in Indiana. Besides the 
 titles below, he published several textbooks 
 in theology and church history. 
 History of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 
 in Shelbyville . . . , Shelbyville, Ind., 
 
 1878. 
 Tragic Trio, Indianapolis, 1882. 
 Sketches from the Romance of American 
 
 History, [Jeffersonville, Ind., 1886]. 
 Arminianism in History . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1894. 
 
 CURTISS, PHEBE A. (Aug. 2, 1856-Aug. 
 23, 1936), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 
Curwen 
 
 150 
 
 hoga County. She graduated from Cleve- 
 land Normal School and taught in the 
 Cleveland public schools. After her mar- 
 riage to Frank Curtiss in 1881, she lived in 
 Painesville. She was superintendent of the 
 Children's Division of the Ohio Sunday 
 School Association. She died in Chicago. 
 She published a number of programs and 
 texts for use in Sunday schools and a pam- 
 phlet on childhood: The Child You Used 
 to Be, Cincinnati, [1916]. 
 
 CURWEN, MASKELL E. (Feb. 9, 1825-July 
 11, 1868), lawyer, was born near Villa- 
 nova, Pa. After coming to Dayton in 1844, 
 he was admitted to the Ohio bar and prac- 
 ticed law in that city. He was also a part- 
 time editor of the Dayton Transcript. In 
 1850 he became professor of law at the 
 University of Cincinnati and in 1858 was 
 made dean of the law school. He published 
 several legal works besides the title below. 
 His history of Dayton is the first full-length 
 history of the city; it was first written as an 
 introduction to Odell's business directory. 
 He died in London, England, while on a 
 European trip intended to renew his health. 
 A Sketch of the History of the City of 
 Dayton, Dayton, 1850. 
 
 CUSHING, GEORGE HOLMES (May 3, 
 1873-Dec. 3, 1953), was born near Goshen, 
 Clermont County. He was educated in 
 Springfield and worked on the editorial 
 staffs of various Ohio newspapers until 
 1907, when he moved to Chicago and be- 
 came editor of the Black Diamond. He 
 edited this magazine until 1918, operated a 
 laboratory in Washington, D. C, and be- 
 came a public speaker in behalf of the coal 
 industry. In 1937 he became editor of the 
 Retail Coalman. He wrote The Human 
 Story of Coal, Washington, D. C, 1923. 
 WW 16 
 
 CUSHING, HARVEY WILLIAMS (April 8, 
 1869-Oct. 8, 1939), surgeon, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He graduated 
 from Yale University in 1891 and com- 
 pleted his medical training at Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1895. He was a practicing sur- 
 geon from 1895 to 1933 and also served 
 on the faculties of Johns Hopkins, Harvard, 
 and Yale. He died at New Haven Hospital 
 and is buried in Lakeside Cemetery, Cleve- 
 land. Besides writing a number of tech- 
 nical medical works, he won the Pulitzer 
 Prize for his biography, The Life of Sir Wil- 
 liam Osier, 2 vols., Oxford, 1925. DAB 22 
 
 CUSHMAN, CLARISSA WHITE FAIR- 
 CHILD (Jan. 13, 1889- ), was born in 
 
 Oberlin, Lorain County. She graduated 
 from Oberlin College in 1911. She now 
 lives in Arlington, Va. She has published 
 a number of novels, both as magazine se- 
 rials and as books, e.g., The Other Brother, 
 Boston, 1939. WW AW 1 
 
 CUSHMAN, CORINNE. Pseud. See Metta V. 
 F. Victor. 
 
 CUSTER, GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Dec. 5, 
 1839-June 25, 1876), soldier, was born in 
 New Rumley, Harrison County. He at- 
 tended local schools until he was ten years 
 old, after which he spent part of his time 
 with his half-sister, Lydia Reed, in Monroe, 
 Mich. At the age of seventeen he was ap- 
 pointed to U. S. Military Academy, where 
 he was graduated without distinction in 
 1861. Despite his mediocre record at West 
 Point, he attracted the attention of several 
 generals, most notably George B. McClellan, 
 rose rapidly in rank, and served with dis- 
 tinction in numerous engagements. He was 
 named major general of volunteers at the 
 close of the Civil War. In 1866, after toy- 
 ing with the idea of joining the army of 
 Juarez in Mexico, he joined the 7th Cavalry 
 as lieutenant colonel. His victory over 
 Cheyennes at the Battle of Washita in 
 1868 kept him in the public eye. He was 
 stationed in Kentucky, 1871-73, and then 
 was sent to the Dakota Territory. In 1874 
 he led an exploring expedition through the 
 Black Hills which resulted in miners flock- 
 ing into the area and in the unrest among 
 the Sioux which culminated at Little Big 
 Horn two years later. Custer's testimony 
 against Indian agents caused Grant to re- 
 move him from his command, and he was 
 restored just in time to join the expedition 
 against the Sioux in May-June, 1876. The 
 events of June 25 continue to be debated by 
 military historians, but the annihilation of 
 Custer and his entire force is one of the 
 most familiar legends of American history. 
 His only book, which first appeared in the 
 Galaxy, sold widely and helped create the 
 image of a flamboyant hero that still per- 
 sists in the public mind. 
 My Life on the Plains . . . , New York, 
 1874. 
 
 CUTLER, CARROLL (Jan. 31, 1829-Jan. 24, 
 1894), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Windham, N. H. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1854 and was licensed to 
 preach in 1858. In 1860, after a year of 
 study in Germany, he joined the faculty of 
 Western Reserve College at Hudson. In 
 1871 he became president of the college; 
 in 1886, four years after the college had 
 
151 
 
 Dabney, C. W. 
 
 been moved to Cleveland, he resigned, but 
 continued to serve until 1888 and then 
 taught for an additional year. After leaving 
 Western Reserve, he taught at Negro col- 
 leges in the South until his death. 
 A History of Western Reserve College 
 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1876. 
 The Beginnings of Ethics, New York, 1889. 
 
 CUTLER, JAMES ALBERT (Jan. 24, 1876- 
 ), educator, was born in Princeville, 
 111. He graduated from the University of 
 Colorado in 1900 and Yale University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1903. He served on the sociology 
 faculty of Western Reserve University, 1916— 
 46. He wrote numerous articles and reviews 
 and, with Maurice R. Davie, A Study in 
 Professional Education at Western Reserve 
 University . . . , Cleveland, [1930]. WW 30 
 
 CUTLER, JERVIS (Sept. 19, 1768-June 25, 
 1846), son of Rev. Manasseh Cutler (q.v.), 
 secretary of the Ohio Company, was born 
 in Martha's Vineyard, Mass. In his teens he 
 was placed in Boston to acquire a mercan- 
 tile education, but dissatisfied with a mer- 
 chant's life, he soon gave it up and went to 
 Europe, where he visited France and Den- 
 mark. When the Ohio Company was or- 
 ganized, Jervis' adventuring spirit was 
 aroused and he joined the original party 
 that left his father's parsonage at Ipswich to 
 found a settlement at Marietta. As the boats 
 carrying the settlers neared the confluence 
 of the Muskingum and Ohio Rivers, young 
 Jervis was the first to leap ashore. He spent 
 most of the rest of his life in the Western 
 country, so that he wrote from firsthand 
 knowledge of the section and its inhabitants. 
 In 1807 he was elected major in Colonel 
 McArthur's Ohio regiment. When troops 
 were wanted to take possession of Loui- 
 siana, he was appointed captain and raised 
 a full company of men with which in 1809 
 he was ordered to New Orleans. In 1812 at 
 New Orleans, probably while recuperating 
 from a severe attack of yellow fever, he 
 wrote his Topographical Description. In 
 1823 he moved his family from Ohio to 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., where he was an en- 
 graver. Later he settled in Evansville, Ind., 
 where his death occurred. He was the last 
 survivor of the Ohio Company. 
 
 Mary Hoge Bruce 
 A Topographical Description of the State of 
 
 Ohio, Indiana Territory, and Louisiana 
 
 . . . , Boston, 1812. 
 
 CUTLER, JULIA PERKINS (Jan. 24, 1814- 
 Dec. 18, 1904), was born in Constitution, 
 Washington County. In 1854 she moved to 
 Marietta to live with her brother, William 
 P. Cutler (July 12, 1812-April 11, 1889). 
 In addition to the titles below, she pub- 
 lished poems in various periodicals; and 
 with her brother she edited the papers of 
 her grandfather, Manasseh Cutler. 
 The Founders of Ohio . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1888. 
 Life, Journals and Correspondence of Ma- 
 nasseh Cutler, 2 vols., Cincinnati, 1888. 
 Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1890. 
 
 CUTLER, MANASSEH (May 13, 1742-July 
 28, 1823), versatile Congregational clergy- 
 man, who was instrumental in persuading 
 Congress to make favorable terms for the 
 land purchase of the Ohio Company, was 
 in Ohio for only a year (1788-89). His 
 most important publication from an Ohio 
 viewpoint is An Explanation of the Map 
 Which Delineates That Part of the Federal 
 Lands, Comprehended between Pennsyl- 
 vania West Line, the Rivers Ohio and 
 Scioto, and Lake Erie . . . , Salem, [Mass.], 
 1787. This important document, published 
 anonymously, contains a description of the 
 Ohio country. 
 
 CUTTER, ORLANDO PHELPS (1824-July 
 1, 1884), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County, and spent his life in that city. His 
 only publication was an account of his 
 Civil War service. 
 
 Our Battery; Or, the Journal of Company 
 B, 1st O.V.A., Cleveland, 1864. 
 
 D 
 
 DABNEY, CHARLES WILLIAM (June 19, 
 1855-June 15, 1945), president of the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati, 1904-20, was bora in 
 Hampden-Sydney, Va. He graduated from 
 Hampden-Sydney College in 1873 and the 
 University of Gottingen (Ph.D.) in 1880. 
 
 The Department of Agriculture published 
 some of his addresses and reports before 
 1901, and he wrote many articles, but his 
 major work was Universal Education in the 
 South, 2 vols., Chapel Hill, N. C, [1936]. 
 WWW 2 
 
Dabney, W. P. 
 
 152 
 
 DABNEY, WENDELL PHILLIPS (Nov. 4, 
 1865-June 3, 1952), editor, was born in 
 Richmond, Va., where his father, a former 
 slave, was a successful caterer. He taught 
 school for several years, attended Oberlin 
 College, and arrived in Cincinnati in 1894. 
 He operated a hotel for a time, was as- 
 sistant city paymaster, 1897-1923, and 
 edited the Union for nearly fifty years. 
 He published Cincinnati's Colored Citizens; 
 Historical, Sociological and Biographical, 
 Cincinnati, [1926]. 
 
 DAGGETT, MARY STEWART (May 30, 
 
 1856-March 9, 1922), was born in Morris- 
 town, Belmont County. She graduated from 
 Steubenville Seminary in 1873. In addition 
 to the titles below, she wrote several plays 
 that were produced but not published. She 
 died in Pasadena, Calif. 
 Mariposilla; A Novel, Chicago, 1895. 
 The Broad Aisle; A Realistic Tale of Ohio, 
 
 New York, [1899]. 
 The Higher Court, Boston, [1911]. 
 The Yellow Angel, Chicago, 1914. 
 
 DAHLGREN, SARAH MADELINE VINTON 
 GODDARD (July 13, 1825-May 28, 1898), 
 born in Gallipolis, Gallia County, was the 
 daughter of Samuel F. Vinton, who rep- 
 resented his district in Congress for more 
 than twenty years. She attended the Convent 
 of the Visitation, Georgetown, D. C, and 
 when she reached maturity, became her 
 father's hostess in Washington. In 1846 
 she married Daniel C. Goddard of Zanes- 
 ville. He died in 1862, and three years 
 later she married the distinguished author- 
 ity on naval ordnance, Admiral John A. 
 Dahlgren. A scholarly and versatile writer, 
 she edited her husband's Memoir of Ulric 
 Dahlgren, wrote the preface to his Notes on 
 Maritime and International Law, and pro- 
 duced noteworthy translations of French 
 and Spanish religious works. Her first book, 
 a volume of poems and sketches published 
 under the pen name Corinne, appeared in 
 1859. Although she devoted her life in 
 Washington to literature and religion, she 
 managed to become an acknowledged social 
 leader. Her Etiquette of Social Life in 
 Washington, though not her most distin- 
 guished literary production, was her most 
 influential one, for it became the vade 
 mecum of Washington society and ran 
 through many editions. She founded the 
 Washington Literary Society in 1873, and 
 her home became a salon for a large circle 
 of literary acquaintance. 
 Idealities, Philadelphia, 1859. 
 Thoughts on Female Suffrage . . . , Wash- 
 ington, 1871. 
 
 Etiquette of Social Life in Washington, 
 
 Washington, 1873. 
 South Sea Sketches . . . , Boston, 1881. 
 Memoir of John A. Dahlgren . . . , Boston, 
 
 1882. 
 South Mountain Magic . . . , Boston, 1882. 
 A Washington Winter, Boston, 1883. 
 The Lost Name; A Novelette, Boston, 1886. 
 Divorced. A Novel, Chicago, 1887. 
 Lights and Shadows of a Life; A Novel, 
 
 Boston, 1887. 
 Chim: His Washington Winter, New York, 
 
 1892. 
 The Secret Directory . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 [1896]. 
 The Woodley Lane Ghost, and Other 
 
 Stories, Philadelphia, 1899. 
 
 DAILEY, WILLIAM MITCHELL (1812- 
 Feb. 5, 1877), educator, was born in Co- 
 shocton, Coshocton County, but spent most 
 of his life in Indiana. He graduated from 
 Indiana University in 1836. He was presi- 
 dent of Indiana University, 1853-59. Be- 
 sides the titles below, many of his speeches 
 and sermons were published. 
 The Powerful Pen and the Eloquent Tongue 
 
 . . . , Bloomington, Ind., 1859. 
 The Great Rebellion, Madison, Ind., 1862. 
 
 DALE, CHRISTOPHER (Feb. 9, 1917- ), 
 was born in Dayton, Montgomery County. 
 After serving four years in the Marine 
 Corps, he published a short book: Hypnosis 
 Is Yours. Use It!, Dayton, 1944. 
 
 DALE, EDGAR (April 27, 1900- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Benson, Minn., and has 
 been a member of the department of educa- 
 tion at Ohio State University since 1929. 
 He has written a number of books on news- 
 papers and motion pictures, e.g., The Con- 
 tent of Motion Pictures, New York, 1935. 
 WW 30 
 
 DALE, HARRISON CLIFFORD (March 7, 
 1885- ), educator, born in Lynn, Mass., 
 was on the faculty of Miami University, 
 1928-37. He was afterward president of 
 the University of Idaho, 1937-46, and 
 comptroller of Reed College, 1946-50. He 
 now lives in Santa Barbara, Calif. He has 
 published a study of the fur trade: The Ash- 
 ley-Smith Exploration, Cleveland, 1918. 
 WW 29 
 
 DALE, REBECCA VAN HAMM (c.1894- 
 May 28, 1948), was born in New York 
 City, the daughter of Caleb Van Hamm, 
 a journalist of New York and Cincinnati. 
 After her marriage she lived in Cincinnati, 
 where she was active in cultural activities. 
 
153 
 
 Danner 
 
 She was killed in an automobile accident 
 at the age of 54. She wrote several plays, 
 e.g., The Girls' Finesse . . . , Franklin, 
 1928. 
 
 DALE, SOPHIA DANA (Jan. 28, 1853-May 
 1, 1932), was born in Marietta, Washington 
 County, and spent her life in that commu- 
 nity. She was active in the cultural life of 
 Marietta, and her interest in local history is 
 indicated by the pamphlet listed below. 
 Historical, Picturesque and Appropriate 
 
 Names for Streets and Public Properties, 
 
 Marietta, 1897. 
 
 DALES, GEORGE S. (June 29. 1879- ), 
 jeweler, was born in Akron. Summit 
 County. He attended Akron public schools 
 and Buchtel College. He was a jeweler in 
 Akron for many years; now retired, he 
 spends his summers in Akron and his win- 
 ters at Vero Beach, Fla. He has traveled 
 widely and is an enthusiastic amateur 
 photographer. His wife, Lotta E. Dales, 
 edited notes from his travel diaries: Inti- 
 mate Glimpses of Many Lands . . . , Akron, 
 [1928]. 
 
 DALEY, EDITH (Jan. 1, 1876-Jan. 13, 
 1948), librarian and journalist, was born 
 in Fostoria, Seneca County. She worked on 
 several newspapers and was city librarian, 
 San Jose, Calif., 1922^3. Her short stories 
 and poems appeared in various periodicals, 
 and she published a volume of poetry: The 
 Angel in the Sun . . . , San Jose, [1917]. 
 WWNAA 7 
 
 DALLAS, RICHARD. Pseud. See Nathan W. 
 Williams. 
 
 DALTON, VAN RROADUS (July 25, 1885- 
 ), oral surgeon, was born in Burkesville, 
 Ky. He graduated from the Ohio College 
 of Dental Surgery, Cincinnati, in 1907 and 
 the following year joined the faculty. He 
 taught until 1917 and afterward practiced 
 privately in Cincinnati. Besides numerous 
 professional articles, he has published The 
 Genesis of Dental Education in the United 
 States, Cincinnati, 1946. WW 30 
 
 DALZELL, JAMES McCORMICK (Sept. 3, 
 1838-Jan. 29, 1924), was born in Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa. His parents moved to Noble 
 County in 1845. He served as a private in 
 the 116th O.V.I, throughout the Civil War, 
 and following his discharge he became a 
 clerk in the Treasury Department in Wash- 
 ington, D.C. He graduated from Colum- 
 bian Law College in 1868 and afterward 
 
 practiced law for over thirty years at Cald- 
 well and served a number of terms in the 
 Ohio General Assembly. He contributed 
 many articles to leading newspapers over 
 the signature "Private Dalzell." His death 
 occurred in Washington, D.C. 
 John Gray, of Mount Vernon . . . , Wash- 
 ington, 1868. 
 Private Dalzell, His Autobiography, Poems, 
 and Comic War Papers . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1888. 
 
 DANDRIDGE, RAYMOND GARFIELD 
 
 (1882-Feb. 24. 1930), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. Stricken with paraly- 
 sis in 1912, he was an invalid for the re- 
 mainder of his life. He published his poetry 
 in several collections, e.g., Penciled Poems, 
 Cincinnati, 1917. 
 
 DANFORD, HARRY EDMUND (Aug. 31, 
 1879- ), journalist and educator, was 
 
 born in Sharon, Noble County. He pub- 
 lished a weekly newspaper there, edited 
 newspapers in other communities, taught 
 school, and for fifteen years was a junior 
 high school principal in Huntington, W. 
 Va. Now retired, he lives in Huntington. 
 He has written a number of biographical 
 and historical studies, and two historical 
 novels, e.g., The West Virginian, New York, 
 1926. 
 
 DANIELS, WINTHROP MORE (Sept. 30, 
 1867-Jan. 2, 1944), educator, was born in 
 Dayton, Montgomery County. After gradu- 
 ating from Princeton University in 1888, 
 he taught at Princeton, served on the New 
 Jersey Public Utility Commission, 1911-14, 
 was a member of the Interstate Commerce 
 Commission, 1914-23, and was on the 
 Yale University faculty, 1923-40. Besides 
 magazine articles, a finance textbook, and 
 a memoir of Woodrow Wilson, he wrote 
 American Railroads; Four Phases of Their 
 History, Princeton, N. J., 1932. WWW 2 
 
 DANNER, JOHN (March 10, 1823-April 12, 
 1918), manufacturer, was born in Canton, 
 Stark County. After several years as a mer- 
 chant, he invented a revolving bookcase in 
 1874. He organized a factory to produce 
 these bookcases, which were used through- 
 out the world. He was active in Canton 
 civic affairs, and for several years before 
 his death at 95 was the oldest citizen of the 
 city. He published a large, useful volume 
 of local history: Old Landmarks of Canton 
 and Stark County . . . , Logansport, Ind., 
 1904, some portions of which were written 
 by Lewis Slusser (Jan. 21, 1820-Dec. 23, 
 1892), a Canton physician. 
 
Danton 
 
 154 
 
 DANTON, GEORGE HENRY (May 31, 
 1880- ), educator, was born in New 
 York City, taught German at Western Re- 
 serve University, 1905-07, and headed the 
 German department at Oberlin College, 
 1927-35. He now lives in Berkeley, Calif. 
 Besides numerous textbooks and profes- 
 sional articles, he has published Germany 
 Ten Years After, Boston, 1928. WW 26 
 
 DARBY, WILLIAM (Aug. 14, 1775-Oct. 9, 
 1854), geographer, born in eastern Pennsyl- 
 vania, lived in Ohio for eighteen years, 
 1781-99. His distinguished career as a sur- 
 veyor, map-maker, and geographer, how- 
 ever, has little relation to the Ohio country. 
 He lived in Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Mary- 
 land, and Washington, D. C. He published 
 textbooks, gazetteers, and maps in addition 
 to the titles listed below. 
 A Geographical Description of the State of 
 
 Louisiana . . . , Philadelphia, 1816. 
 The Emigrant's Guide to the Western and 
 Southwestern States and Territories . . . , 
 New York, 1818. 
 A Tour from the City of New-York, to 
 
 Detroit . . . , New York, 1819. 
 Memoir on the Geography, and Natural 
 and Civil History of Florida . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1821. 
 Lectures on the Discovery of America . . . , 
 
 Baltimore. 1828. 
 View of the United States, Historical, Geo- 
 graphical, and Statistical . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1828. 
 Mnemonika: Or, the Tablet of Memory 
 
 . . . , Baltimore, 1829. 
 The Northern Nations of Europe . . . , 
 
 Chillicothe, 1841. 
 Remarks on the Tendency of the Constitu- 
 tion of the United States to Give Legis- 
 lative Control to the President, [n.p., 
 1842]. 
 
 DARRAH, DAVID HARLEY (May 27, 1894- 
 ), foreign correspondent, was born in 
 Loydsville, Belmont County, and was edu- 
 cated at the University of Akron. After 
 army service in France during World War 
 I, he joined the Paris staff of the Chicago 
 Tribune. In 1935 he was expelled from Italy 
 by Mussolini; the following year he pub- 
 lished a study of Italy under dictatorship: 
 Hail Caesar, Boston, 1936. During World 
 War II he was interned by the Germans, 
 1942-44. WW 30 
 
 DARROW, BENJAMIN HARRISON (July 
 13, 1889-Jan. 28, 1950), educator, was born 
 near Mechanicsburg, Champaign County. A 
 pioneer in educational radio, he founded the 
 Ohio School of the Air in 1925 and con- 
 
 ducted it until 1937. The history of the 
 school is covered in Radio Trailblazing . . . , 
 Columbus, [1940]. 
 
 DARROW, CLARENCE (April 18, 1857- 
 March 13, 1938), lawyer, was born in 
 Kinsman, Trumbull County. In 1898 Brand 
 Whitlock, then a young journalist undecided 
 about following a career in politics or let- 
 ters, wrote this revealing comment in a 
 personal letter: 
 
 Last January, when I was in Chicago for 
 a day or two, I called upon my old friend 
 Clarence Darrow, the lawyer of more than 
 local fame. He is deeply interested in 
 letters, and should have devoted himself 
 to literature. . . . 
 
 Nearly 25 years later Edgar Lee Masters, 
 one-time law partner of the "Man from 
 Kinsman," made allusion to the literary 
 propensities of Darrow: 
 
 He was always a poet too, 
 And a poet is the barometer of the 
 
 world, 
 And a vicarious sufferer for all 
 
 sufferers. 
 He was poet who found clay for 
 
 his modeling 
 In those who were martyred for 
 
 striving 
 For the weak, the despoiled. . . . 
 
 Thus two established men of letters during 
 two distinct epochs in American literature 
 bore testimony to the creative talent of 
 Clarence Darrow, the transplanted Ohioan 
 who, while a successful attorney in the 
 hectic Chicago of the 1880s — the seething 
 town of Railroad Combine, Beef Trust, 
 and Haymarket — revealed to a close friend 
 a surprising dilemma: "The one thing I 
 want most of all to be is a writer." True 
 to his desire, the former Ashtabula lawyer 
 late in the 1890s took some faltering steps 
 in the ascent of Parnassus, and by 1905 
 Darrow had published most of the literary 
 work emanating from this initial creative 
 impulse. His writings categorize themselves 
 as criticism, A Persian Pearl: And Other 
 Essays (1899); short stories, "Easy Lessons 
 in Law," in the Chicago American (July- 
 August, 1902): and novels. Farmington 
 (1904) and An Eye for an Eye (1905). As 
 a literary critic. Darrow reinforced the 
 vigorous stances of his idol, Col. Robert 
 Ingersoll. by singing the praises of Fitz- 
 gerald. Burns, and Whitman — poets who 
 throbbed as a "great universal heart" in 
 sharp contrast to a sordid "commercial, 
 money-getting age." The attorney also lined 
 up behind William Dean Howells, his friend 
 and fellow Ohioan, in the crusade for real- 
 
155 
 
 Darrow, C. 
 
 ism in fiction and integrity in art; he be- 
 lieved, too, with his beloved counselor John 
 P. Altgeld (q.v.) that: 
 
 The greatest artists of the world today are 
 telling facts and painting scenes that 
 cause humanity to stop and think and 
 ask why one should be a master and an- 
 other be a serf; why a portion of the 
 world should toil and spin, should wear 
 away its strength and life that the rest 
 should live in idleness and ease. 
 
 Thus Clarence Darrow embraced an aes- 
 thetic that was solidly founded on ethical 
 principles; the social content of literature, 
 artistry based on the cult of love, and reality 
 painted with the orientation of a congenital 
 pessimist became the critical pivots in his 
 creative system. And when William Ran- 
 dolph Hearst invited this curious lawyer to 
 contribute some fiction to the newly founded 
 Chicago American, Darrow happily re- 
 sponded with a series of bizarre tales ex- 
 coriating contemporary jurisprudence and 
 its inequities. The "Easy Lessons" to which 
 Darrow's perhaps unsuspecting readers were 
 introduced generally involved tales of help- 
 less immigrants victimized by the "Doc- 
 trine of Assumed Risk." Minorities, com- 
 peting for jobs on the lowest levels in facto- 
 ries and railroad yards, exposed themselves 
 to unbelievable physical danger, encouraged 
 by the penny-pinching negligence of ruth- 
 less employers. Thus, when John Swanson 
 loses his arm in a buzz saw that had no 
 guard, and when Tony Salvador has his leg 
 amputated by a train rolling through faulty 
 signals, no compensation is owed the suf- 
 fering families of these unfortunate laborers, 
 who realized the dangers under which they 
 worked but who, nevertheless, to avoid star- 
 vation, continued "at their own risk" to 
 hold such hazardous jobs. Indeed, Darrow, 
 who was later to earn considerable fame as 
 a labor lawyer, revealed clearly his pro- 
 found sympathy for the workingman and 
 his union even in these early sketches. Cor- 
 poration lawyers, thoughtless magistrates, 
 and general legal incompetence are pilloried 
 in "Easy Lessons"; one aspect of Darrow's 
 fiction, then, would link him with the Muck- 
 rakers. Farmington might well have been 
 given the subtitle "A Grotesque Idyl of 
 Trumbull County," for in this nearly for- 
 gotten novel Darrow dissects the Kinsman 
 area of the "brown decades" during the 
 post-Civil War period and in so doing con- 
 tributes to American letters as poignant a 
 "revolt from the village" document as An- 
 derson's Winesburg, Ohio, or Whitlock's 
 J. Hardin & Son. The 23 chapters of the 
 novel recount the observations of one John 
 Smith, a gentleman who wandered and 
 
 blundered, so he tells, "in a zigzag path 
 through childhood" within the "narrow 
 shade of the stubborn little town" of Farm- 
 ington. Quickly introduced into the real 
 world of "selfishness and greed," Smith was 
 at length initiated into the life of passive 
 despair endured by his fellow townsfolk: 
 All my life [the narrator records] I have 
 been planning and hoping and thinking 
 and dreaming and loitering and waiting. 
 All my life I have been getting ready to 
 begin to do something, something worth 
 the while. I have been waiting for the 
 summer and waiting for the fall; I have 
 been waiting for the winter and waiting 
 for the spring; waiting for the night and 
 waiting for the morning; waiting and 
 dawdling and dreaming, until the day 
 is almost spent and the twilight close at 
 hand. 
 
 Episodic in structure, Farmington also deals 
 with "life and action, and boys and girls, 
 and men and women," people Smith calls 
 "the weird fantastic troop." Darrow gives 
 detailed character analyses of various local 
 isolatoes who, standing aside from the pass- 
 ing parade of life, deliberately choose to 
 inhabit a sphere not ruled by the ethical 
 strictures imposed by the unyielding social 
 dogma that epitomized life in Farmington. 
 In short, Clarence Darrow — while he does 
 intersperse pleasant accounts of baseball, 
 holidays, and fishing — paints a grim picture 
 of this nineteenth-century Buckeye "Gopher 
 Prairie," a wasteland dominated by the 
 specter of village puritanism. Darrow's next 
 novel shifts in geography from the rural 
 environs of northeastern Ohio to a jail in 
 Chicago, where Jim Jackson, protagonist of 
 An Eye for an Eye, awaits execution for 
 the murder of his wife. The book is mainly 
 polemical in nature and allows the lawyer 
 to air his views on capital punishment and 
 on social complicity: a society that toler- 
 ates squalor and poverty will continue to 
 spawn criminals which it must coldly exe- 
 cute. Jackson, in telling his story, confesses 
 to having struck and killed his wife during 
 a frenzied moment when "If there'd been 
 forty scaffolds right before my eyes I'd 
 have brought down that poker just the 
 same." This murderer, incapable of positive 
 reflective action, was driven to his deed by 
 the unseen forces in this "rudderless uni- 
 verse"; irrational man, lacking personal 
 agency, is marked as if by Election for his 
 bitter destiny. Darrow points out that the 
 doomed man possesses a tragic awareness 
 both of his hopeless plight and of the stark 
 altruism that humanity is bound together 
 in a universal brotherhood of sin. With no 
 subplots to hinder the action of the narra- 
 
Darrow, J. 
 
 156 
 
 tive, An Eye for an Eye is a cogent em- 
 bodiment of literary Darwinism. At this 
 point in his glamorous career, Clarence 
 Darrow was sidetracked almost permanently 
 from pursuits literary, but he always re- 
 mained an interested and able dabbler in 
 letters. His writings belaboring prohibition, 
 his essay explaining agnosticism, and his 
 tracts legal and evolutionary appeared dur- 
 ing the 1920s and early 1930s in the most 
 popular periodicals of the day (Liberty, The 
 Saturday Evening Post), as well as in the 
 more esoteric and iconoclastic (The De- 
 bunker, The American Mercury). In 
 1932 he published his well-known auto- 
 biography, The Story of My Life, a work as 
 spellbinding as a panorama of newspaper 
 headlines. Unfortunately, in this self-por- 
 trait Darrow avoids mention of his literary 
 ambitions and achievements. He does, how- 
 ever, paint the picture of Kinsman with 
 somewhat more roseate colors than he had 
 utilized for Farmington, its fictional coun- 
 terpart, some 25 years earlier. Rather than 
 that contemporary criticism should dismiss 
 Darrow as a literary indiscretion, an artless 
 amateur, or a curious dilettante, historians 
 of our letters should regard him as a minor 
 American author whose nonacademic, un- 
 disciplined critical and fictional broadsides, 
 coupled with his national prestige, gave aid 
 and sustenance to the literature of realism 
 during the crucial years when it struggled 
 for intellectual recognition. Although he has 
 attained almost mythical stature as an 
 American hero for his legal achievements, 
 Clarence Darrow's contributions to the area 
 of arts and letters are far from insignificant. 
 
 Abe C. Ravitz 
 A Persian Pearl: And Other Essays, East 
 
 Aurora, N. Y., 1899. 
 Realism in Literature and Art, Chicago, 
 
 [1899]. 
 Resist Not Evil, Chicago, 1903. 
 Farmington, Chicago, 1904. 
 "The Open Shop," Chicago, 1904. 
 An Eye for an Eye, New York, 1905. 
 Crime; Its Cause and Treatment, New York, 
 
 [1922]. 
 The Prohibition Mania . . . , New York, 
 
 1927. 
 The Story of My Life, New York, 1932. 
 
 DARROW, JASON (1787-March 31, 1868), 
 was born in Connecticut. He is believed to 
 have been an early member of the Shaker 
 colony in Warren County, but to have left 
 it in 1824, after which he lived east of 
 Lebanon. 
 
 The New Light on the Christian Church, 
 Covington, Ky., 1846. 
 
 DARSIE, CHARLES (Feb. 9, 1872-Sept. 23, 
 1948), clergyman, was born in Warren, 
 Trumbull County. A graduate of Bethany 
 College, W. Va., he was ordained to the 
 ministry of the Disciples of Christ Church. 
 His Ohio pastorates included North Eaton, 
 Collingwood, Paulding, Uhrichsville, and 
 Cleveland. He died at Burton, Geauga 
 County. He wrote several books on religion 
 and family life and The Art of Winning 
 Folks, St. Louis, 1922. 
 
 DARST, LILLIE C. (1846-1883), was born 
 in Circleville, Pickaway County, and at- 
 tended the public schools of that commu- 
 nity. In 1875 she was editor and owner of 
 the Circleville Herald, and in 1881 she be- 
 came engrossing clerk of the Ohio Senate. 
 She published poems in magazines and 
 newspapers which were collected in the 
 posthumous volume The Chained Angel of 
 the Afterthought and Other Poems, [Circle- 
 ville], 1932. 
 
 D'ARUSMONT, FRANCES WRIGHT 
 PHIQUEPAL (Sept. 6, 1795-Dec. 13, 1852), 
 reformer, was born in Dundee, Scotland. 
 In Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery, a 
 simple granite shaft marks the grave of 
 Frances Wright Phiquepal DArusmont. Few 
 people who visit the cemetery are aware 
 that the monument marks the grave of one 
 of the nineteenth-century's most brilliant 
 women, Frances Wright. Lecturer, writer, 
 and champion of the oppressed, she counted 
 among her friends Jeremy Bentham, Thomas 
 Jefferson, Robert Owen, and General Lafay- 
 ette. Her parents were moderately wealthy 
 but left her an orphan at an early age. 
 Until she and her sister Camilla came into 
 possession of the estate left by their parents, 
 they made their home with their maternal 
 grandfather, General Duncan Campbell of 
 the British Army. In spite of the conserva- 
 tive family surroundings, Frances early be- 
 came a champion of liberal doctrine. This 
 interest turned her attention to America, 
 which she felt, as did other European lib- 
 erals, to be the land of hope. Accordingly, 
 Fanny and Camilla Wright set out in 1818 
 for a visit to the New World, arriving in 
 New York in September of that year. There 
 they were received in the best social circles. 
 An event of note during their New York 
 stay was the production at the Park Theatre 
 of Altdorf, a tragedy written by Fanny. In 
 May, 1820, the Wright sisters returned to 
 England, and Fanny began work on a book 
 describing her American trip. In 1821 she 
 published Views of Society and Manners in 
 America. The book was widely read in Eu- 
 rope and brought an invitation to the young 
 
157 
 
 Davidson, H. M. 
 
 author to visit General Lafayette. A close 
 friendship developed and when the elderly 
 statesman revisited the United States in 1823, 
 the Wright sisters followed and joined him. 
 During his triumphal trip through the coun- 
 try, the Wrights were often with him and 
 never far behind. As a result of this trip, 
 Frances Wright met several leading liberals 
 including Robert Owen, who shortly after- 
 ward founded New Harmony. Appalled by 
 Negro slavery, Miss Wright conceived the 
 idea of setting up a colony where slaves 
 might earn their freedom. A site was pur- 
 chased near the present city of Memphis, 
 Tenn., and in 1827 the colony Nashoba was 
 established. After two difficult years, like 
 so many other Utopian ventures the project 
 failed. After the failure of her colony, Miss 
 Wright came to Cincinnati and in July, 
 1828, delivered a series of lectures in the 
 Hamilton County Court House. A number 
 of years later, Miss Wright took up resi- 
 dence in Cincinnati. In 1831 she had mar- 
 ried a French physician, Guillaume Jervis 
 Casimir Phiquepal DArusmont, whose 
 adopted son had established himself as a 
 brewer in Cincinnati. Here the husband 
 settled down to write and manage his wife's 
 business affairs. Frances found little time to 
 spend at home but continued her lecture 
 tours throughout the Eastern seaboard. 
 Domestic life, often interrupted, finally 
 came to a complete break in 1847. Resi- 
 dence in Cincinnati had been broken by a 
 period in Scotland and France, but in 1848 
 Fanny returned to Cincinnati to spend the 
 remainder of her days. In January of 1852, 
 she broke her hip in a fall on the ice. From 
 this accident she did not recover, but died 
 Dec. 13, 1852. She was, as previously 
 stated, buried in the Spring Grove Cemetery. 
 A monument was raised on the grave by 
 her daughter. On it is carved a bibliography 
 of Mrs. DArusmont's published writings. 
 
 Ernest I. Miller 
 Altdorf, a Tragedy . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1819. 
 Views of Society and Manners in America 
 
 . . . , New York, 1821. 
 A Few Days in Athens . . . , London, 1822. 
 Course of Popular Lectures, New York, 
 
 1829. 
 Fables, New York, 1830. 
 Biography , Notes, and Political Letters . . . , 
 
 2 vols, New York, 1844. 
 England, the Civilizer . . . , London, 1848. 
 
 DAUGHERTY, HARRY MICAJAH (Jan. 26, 
 
 1860-Oct. 12, 1941), attorney general of 
 the United States, was born in Washington 
 Court House, Fayette County, where he 
 began the practice of law in 1881. He 
 
 moved to Columbus in 1893 and in 1921 
 was named attorney general by President 
 Harding. A central figure in the Harding 
 administration, he continued to serve after 
 Harding's death but resigned under fire 
 March 28, 1924. With the assistance of 
 Thomas Dixon, he wrote his account of the 
 Harding regime: The Inside Story of the 
 Harding Tragedy, New York, 1932. WWW 
 1 
 
 DAUGHTERS, CHARLES G. (Feb. 24, 1897- 
 ), born in Moore's Hill, Ind., moved 
 to Milford, Clermont County, in 1906. He 
 attended Milford public schools and Ohio 
 State University, and taught school in Van 
 Wert. He was employed by the Van Wert 
 Manufacturers' Association, 1919-27, was 
 associated with various manufacturing con- 
 cerns, and headed the Small Business Re- 
 search Bureau in Washington, D. C. He 
 now lives in Washington, but Milford re- 
 mains his legal residence. He has written 
 many articles on business and economics 
 and a book on chain stores: Wells of Dis- 
 content . . . , New York, [1937]. 
 
 DAULTON, AGNES WARNER McCLEL- 
 LAND (April 29, 1867-June 5, 1944), was 
 born in New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas 
 County. She attended Oberlin College. She 
 contributed serials and stories to St. Nich- 
 olas and other magazines and lectured on 
 literature and children. Among her books 
 is The Gentle Interference of Bab, New 
 York, 1912. WWW 2 
 
 DAVEY, JOHN (June 6, 1846-Nov. 8, 1923), 
 tree surgeon, was born in Somersetshire, 
 England. He came to Warren in 1873 and 
 moved to Kent in 1881. He lectured 
 throughout the country on the preservation 
 of trees. Besides technical books and articles 
 on tree surgery, he published Gloryville or 
 He II burg, Which?, [Akron], 1908. DAB 5 
 
 DAVIDSON, HENRY M. (c.1839-1900), was 
 born in Freedom, Portage County. In Au- 
 gust, 1862, he enlisted in the 1st Ohio Light 
 Artillery, and was discharged in July, 1865. 
 His History of Battery A is a terse and ac- 
 curate account of an organization that saw 
 hard service throughout the war. His Four- 
 teen Months in Southern Prisons is a su- 
 perior account of his experiences as a 
 prisoner in Danville, Va., and Anderson- 
 ville, Ga. It was republished in 1890 as 
 Experience in Rebel Prisons. After the Civil 
 War he operated a drugstore in Ogdens- 
 burg, N. Y., and he died in that commu- 
 nity. 
 
 Fourteen Months in Southern Prisons . . . , 
 Milwaukee, 1865. 
 
Davidson, W. L. 
 
 158 
 
 History of Battery A, First Regiment of 
 Ohio Vol. Light Artillery, Milwaukee, 
 1865. 
 
 DAVIDSON, WILBUR LEROY (April 3, 
 1853-Sept. 17, 1912), clergyman and lec- 
 turer, was born in Woodsfield, Monroe 
 County. He graduated from Scio College 
 in 1870 and Drew Theological Seminary 
 in 1876. He was ordained to the Methodist 
 ministry in 1876, served various pastorates, 
 1876-86, and was field agent of the Sun- 
 day School Union, 1886-89. He was superin- 
 tendent of several Chautauquas, 1887-1911; 
 field agent of the Chautauqua Literary and 
 Scientific Circle, 1895-1902; and manager 
 of the National Chautauqua Bureau after 
 1908. 
 
 Over the Sea; And What I Saw, Cincinnati, 
 1885. 
 
 DAVIE, OLIVER (July 15, 1857-May 11, 
 1911), naturalist and poet, was born in 
 Xenia, Greene County. In 1860 his father 
 moved to Columbus and opened a variety 
 store. As a boy Oliver opened a shop above 
 his father's store, dealing in Indian relics, 
 mineral specimens, and curios. He studied 
 taxidermy and published a useful manual 
 on the art. He also wrote poetry and essays 
 on nature. He was the subject of a poem 
 by James Whitcomb Riley, "The Natural- 
 ist." 
 The Naturalist's Manual . . . , Columbus, 
 
 1882. 
 Methods in the Art of Taxidermy, Colum- 
 bus, 1894. 
 Reveries and Recollections of a Naturalist, 
 
 Columbus, 1898. 
 Odds and Ends of Prose and Verse, Colum- 
 bus, 1902. 
 
 DAVIES, ARTHUR ERNEST (March 18, 
 1867-Dec, 1954), educator, was born in 
 England. After graduating from Yale Uni- 
 versity, he was a Congregational minister, 
 1892-1900. He taught philosophy at Ohio 
 State University, 1900-19, and at Colorado 
 College, 1919-25, and wrote a textbook on 
 logic and The Moral Life . . . , Baltimore, 
 1909. WW 14 
 
 DAVIES, JOHN T. (Aug. 14, 1869-June 22, 
 1953), was born in Jackson County. He 
 taught in Jackson schools before moving to 
 Columbus, where he served for 35 years 
 as an executive of a drug company. His 
 home was in Worthington. He wrote verse 
 as a hobby and published a collection of his 
 poems: Golden Milestones, [Jackson, 1945]. 
 
 DAVIS, ARTHUR NEWTON (Jan. 1, 1879- 
 ), dental surgeon, was born in Piqua, 
 Miami County. He lived in Berlin, Ger- 
 many, and practiced dentistry there, 1903- 
 18. The Kaiser and his family were among 
 his patients, and he wrote The Kaiser As 
 I Know Him, New York, [1918]. He now 
 lives in Los Angeles. WW 22 
 
 DAVIS, EDWIN HAMILTON (Jan. 22, 
 1811-May 15, 1888), archaeologist, was 
 born in Hillsboro, Highland County. As 
 early as 1831, while attending Kenyon Col- 
 lege, he became interested in the many In- 
 dian mounds in the vicinity and commenced 
 research upon them. The results were in- 
 corporated in an oration, "The Antiquities 
 of Ohio," given at the Kenyon graduation 
 exercises, Sept. 4, 1833. He was "more in- 
 fluenced and encouraged" to continue such 
 studies by the interest expressed by Daniel 
 Webster, who was visiting in the West in 
 1833. Young Davis was presented to Web- 
 ster in company with the Kenyon College 
 president and, hearing Webster urge with 
 great earnestness the importance of pre- 
 serving these fast-disappearing monuments, 
 "resolved to carry it out in the only prac- 
 tical way which suggested itself to me, viz: 
 By procuring accurate surveys of the vari- 
 ous works and recording them with full 
 descriptions of the same." Although gradua- 
 tion from the Cincinnati Medical College 
 (c.1838) and practice in Chillicothe inter- 
 vened, he persisted in his resolve and to- 
 gether with E. G. Squier (q.v. ) and at his 
 own expense surveyed nearly one hundred 
 groups of earthworks and opened two hun- 
 dred mounds. The great resultant work by 
 Squier and Davis, Ancient Monuments of 
 the Mississippi Valley, was published by the 
 Smithsonian Institution as Volume I of 
 Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 
 A classic of American archaeology, it is 
 today of decided value for its accurate sur- 
 veys and descriptions of mounds long 
 plowed under just as Webster had predicted. 
 The book, according to A. Morlot, the Swiss 
 archaeologist, is "as glorious a monument 
 of American science, as Bunker's Hill is of 
 American bravery." Squier, who monopo- 
 lized most of the glory of this publication, 
 went on to wider archaeological fields, leav- 
 ing Davis with a collection of thousands of 
 specimens to show for the $5000 he had 
 expended in the explorations. His largest 
 collection of mound relics was described by 
 J. J. Ampere, whose trip to Ohio in 1851 
 included visits to the mounds. Ampere 
 saw Davis in New York for the express pur- 
 pose of examining his collection and de- 
 voted to it an enthusiastic chapter of his 
 
159 
 
 Dawes, C. G. 
 
 book. Failing to interest the Smithsonian in 
 the purchase of these artifacts, Davis sold 
 a large collection of these items to the 
 Blackmore Museum of Salisbury, England, 
 and deposited a smaller collection in the 
 American Museum of Natural History in 
 New York City. He remained a doctor in 
 Chillicothe until 1850, when he was called 
 to teach at the New York Medical College, 
 where he occupied the chair of materia 
 medica and therapeutics till 1860. In 1854, 
 he gave a course of lectures on archaeology 
 at the Lowell Institute of Boston, later re- 
 peating it in Brooklyn and New York. Like 
 many people of devoted purpose, he was 
 imposed upon easily, and he was virtually 
 unrecognized for his archaeological en- 
 deavors. Author of "Report of the Com- 
 mittee on the Statistics of Calculous Disease 
 in Ohio" (in the Transactions of the Ohio 
 Medical Society, Columbus. 1850), he was 
 also an editor of the American Medical 
 Monthly. 
 
 Wyman W. Parker 
 Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Val- 
 ley, (with Ephraim G. Squier), [Wash- 
 ington, 1848]. 
 On Ethnological Research . . . , [Washing- 
 ton, 1867]. 
 
 DAVIS, HAROLD EUGENE (Dec. 3. 1902- 
 ), educator, was born in Girard, Trum- 
 bull County. He graduated from Hiram 
 College in 1924 and Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1933. From 1927 to 
 1947 he was professor of history and polit- 
 ical science at Hiram College; since 1947 
 he has been on the faculty of American 
 University, Washington, D. C. Besides text- 
 books and professional articles, he has pub- 
 lished Latin American Leaders, New York, 
 1949. WW 30 
 
 DAVIS, HARRIET RIDDLE (Nov. 15, 
 1849-Dec. 13, 1938), daughter of A. G. 
 Riddle (q.v.), was born in Janesville, Wis. 
 She lived in Cleveland and Toledo; her 
 death occurred in the latter city. Besides 
 the novel below, she published //; Sight of 
 the Goddess in Lippincott's (1895). but it 
 apparently was not issued as a book. 
 Gilbert Elgar's Son, New York, 1890. 
 
 DAMS, HARRY E. (Dec. 26. 1882-Feb. 4, 
 1955), lawyer, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. A graduate of Hiram 
 College and Western Reserve University, he 
 practiced law in Cleveland and served in 
 both houses of the state legislature. He 
 wrote A History of Freemasonry among 
 Negroes in America, [Cleveland?, 1946]. 
 
 DAVIS, LEMUEL CLARKE (Sept. 25, 1835- 
 Dec. 14, 1904), journalist, was born near 
 Sandusky, Erie County. After a common 
 school education, he became a reporter. He 
 was editor of the Philadelphia Inquirer, 
 1869-87, and of the Public Ledger after 
 1887. Besides the novel below, he published 
 a number of magazine articles. On March 
 4, 1863, he married Rebecca Blaine Hard- 
 ing, widely known as a writer of fiction; 
 their son. Richard Harding Davis, was far 
 better known than either of his parents as 
 a novelist and journalist. 
 A Stranded Ship: A Story of Sea and 
 Shore, New York, 1869. 
 
 DAVIS, LYMAN EDWYN (Dec. 28. 1854- 
 Aug. 13, 1930), clergyman, was born in 
 Perrysburg, Lucas County. After graduating 
 from Adrian College in 1877, he was or- 
 dained to the ministry of the Methodist 
 Protestant Church. He served several pas- 
 torates in New York and Pennsylvania, and 
 was for many years editor of the Methodist 
 Recorder. He wrote Democratic Methodism 
 in America . . . , New York, [1921]. WWW 
 1 
 
 DAVIS, THOMAS KIRBY (Feb. 11, 1826- 
 Dec. 24, 1918), clergyman, was born in 
 Chambersburg, Pa. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1845 and Princeton 
 Theological Seminary in 1849. Ordained to 
 the Presbyterian ministry, he served churches 
 in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and California. 
 While serving as librarian of University of 
 Wooster, 1876-1904, he also served as pas- 
 tor of eight Presbyterian churches in north 
 central Ohio. He wrote for newspapers and 
 religious periodicals throughout his min- 
 isterial career. He published sermons, a 
 family history and Mind and Spirit; A Study- 
 in Psychology, Boston, 1914. OBB 
 
 DAVIS, WILLIAM BRAMWELL (July 22, 
 1832-Feb. 17, 1893), physician, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He gradu- 
 ated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1852 and from Miami Medical College in 
 1855. He served in the Civil War as sur- 
 geon of the 137th O.V.I., and from 1873 
 until his death he was on the faculty of 
 Miami Medical College. Besides the title 
 below, he published a number of medical 
 papers and reports. 
 
 Observations on Revaccination during the 
 Epidemic of Smallpox in Cincinnati in 
 November and December, 1875, Cincin- 
 nati, 1876. 
 
 DAWES, CHARLES GATES (Aug. 27, 1865- 
 April 23, 1951), banker, diplomat, vice- 
 
Dawes, R. C. 
 
 160 
 
 president of the United States, 1925-29, 
 was born in Marietta, Washington County, 
 the son of Gen. Rufus R. Dawes (q.v.). He 
 graduated from Marietta College in 1884. 
 He practiced law in Nebraska, 1887-94, and 
 was comptroller of the currency during the 
 McKinley administration. From 1902 to 
 1921 he was president of the Central Trust 
 Company of Illinois, which he had organ- 
 ized. In World War I he was general pur- 
 chasing agent for the A.E.F., and his color- 
 ful testimony before a postwar Congression- 
 al committee first brought him national 
 prominence. He served as director of the 
 budget, as chairman of the Reparations 
 Commission, as vice-president, and as am- 
 bassador to Great Britain, 1929-32. 
 The Banking System of the United States 
 
 . . . , Chicago, 1894. 
 Essays and Speeches . . . , Boston, 1915. 
 A Journal of the Great War, Boston, 1921. 
 The First Year of the Budget of the United 
 
 States, New York, 1923. 
 Notes as Vice President, 1928-29, Boston, 
 
 1935. 
 How Long Prosperity?, Chicago, 1937. 
 Journal as Ambassador to Great Britain, 
 
 New York, 1939. 
 A Journal of Reparations, London, 1939. 
 A Journal of the McKinley Years, (Bascom 
 
 N. Timmons, ed.), Chicago, 1950. 
 
 DAWES, RUFUS CUTLER (July 30, 1867- 
 Jan. 8, 1940), was born in Marietta, Wash- 
 ington County, the son of Gen. Rufus R. 
 Dawes (q.v.) and the younger brother of 
 Charles G. Dawes (q.v.). A graduate of 
 Marietta College (1886), he went to Chi- 
 cago in 1897, where he organized and man- 
 aged various public utility companies. He 
 was president of the Chicago World's Fair 
 of 1933-34. He died in Evanston, 111., and 
 was buried in Marietta. After World War 
 I. he served as advisor to the committee 
 which prepared a plan of reparations settle- 
 ments and wrote The Dawes Plan in the 
 Making, Indianapolis, [1925]. DAB 22 
 
 DAWES, RUFUS R. (July 4, 1838-Aug. 1, 
 1899), father of Charles G. and Rufus C. 
 Dawes (qq.v.), was born in Malta, Morgan 
 County. He spent his boyhood in Malta and 
 Constitution. He studied at the University 
 of Wisconsin, but spent his last two years 
 at Marietta College, from which he gradu- 
 ated in 1860. He was in Juneau County, 
 Wis., when the Civil War began and organ- 
 ized a company which was incorporated 
 into the 6th Wisconsin, the regiment he 
 commanded at Gettysburg. He was pro- 
 moted to colonel and was breveted briga- 
 dier general. After the war he was engaged 
 
 in the lumber business in Marietta and 
 served in Congress, 1880-82. 
 Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers, 
 Marietta, 1890. 
 
 DAWSON, MOSES (1768-1844), professional 
 Irishman and polemical writer, arrived in 
 Philadelphia at the age of 49 from Belfast. 
 He had left behind him two jail sentences 
 and a reward for his arrest offered by the 
 provost marshal of Glasgow, where he had 
 sojourned for a time. In the United States 
 his bellicose career, spent principally in 
 Cincinnati, was to continue as he became a 
 "Jackson Man" and the determined enemy 
 of Charles Hammond (q.v.) and all Whigs. 
 The son of a linen draper, he was born in 
 the small port of Carrickfergus, in Northern 
 Ireland, received a basic classical education 
 in Belfast, and then followed his father's 
 trade. But his real vocation was Irish inde- 
 pendence, for which he barely escaped the 
 gallows alongside other members of the 
 United Irishmen. About 1817 Dawson came 
 to Cincinnati and soon opened a Lancastrian 
 school on Water Street, devoted to educa- 
 tion divorced from religion. Within two 
 years the school closed its doors, and Daw- 
 son's rough-and-tumble newspaper career in 
 Cincinnati opened up with his column in 
 the Inquisitor and Cincinnati Advertiser. 
 Shortly thereafter he became proprietor, 
 and he remained with the paper, published 
 under various titles, until old age brought 
 his retirement in 1841. The Advertiser in 
 those years became the sounding board for 
 Dawson's prolific opinions on economic, 
 political, social, and religious questions. In 
 the first number of the paper under the new 
 proprietor (Jan. 27, 1823) there appears an 
 attack on John Quincy Adams. Why not? 
 Dawson's creed and prophet were Democ- 
 racy and Jackson, though with some later 
 modification in regard to the voice of the 
 people. The Monroe Doctrine, America 
 free from European influence, secularized 
 education, private enterprise (including 
 privately owned city waterworks), abolition 
 of public debt, encouragement of museums 
 and theaters, the advancement of science, 
 revolutionary patriots in Europe, the cele- 
 bration of St. Patrick's Day in Cincinnati, 
 a canal around the falls of the Ohio, and 
 many another project and cause found 
 eager champions in Dawson and his Adver- 
 tiser. Dawson's admiration for William 
 Henry Harrison dated from the Congres- 
 sional election of 1822. By 1824 he had 
 published his biography of Harrison. But 
 admiration turned to opposition as Dawson 
 saw, or thought he saw, less and less "Demo- 
 cratic edge" on the old warrior. Clay, Web- 
 
161 
 
 Deasy 
 
 ster ("the Yankee Crow"), John Q. Adams, 
 and Harrison in politics were not Dawson's 
 style. "When this old hat was new the 
 people used to say, the best of all the demo- 
 crats were Harrison and Clay." That they 
 never were such was Dawson's eventual 
 opinion. In the election of 1828 Jackson's 
 candidacy was cried up by Dawson as edi- 
 tor of The Friend of Reform and Corrup- 
 tion's Adversary in bitter debate with Charles 
 Hammond's Truth's Advocate and Anti-Jack- 
 son Expositor. The fight was not in the 
 genteel tradition on either side. Thereafter 
 Hammond of the Gazette and Dawson of 
 the Advertiser were in almost continual 
 verbal warfare, until darkness intervened. 
 In dress and manners Dawson's habits were 
 simple republican (old style) like Benjamin 
 Franklin's. He was solid, square-built, and 
 florid; he wore an olive-green coat, nankeen 
 pants, and broad-brimmed hat. A service- 
 able cane completes the picture of what he 
 wanted to be — an honest citizen with no 
 airs. Thus he must have looked when, three 
 years before his death, he sold his share of 
 the paper and dismounted forever from 
 the editorial tripod. 
 
 Virginius C. Hall 
 A Historical Narrative of the Civil and 
 Military Services of Major-General Wil- 
 liam H. Harrison . . . , Cincinnati, 1824. 
 Sketches of the Life of Martin Van Buren 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1840. 
 
 DAWSON, WILLIAM LEON (Feb. 20. 1873- 
 April 30, 1928), clergyman and ornitholo- 
 gist, was born in Leon, Iowa. He graduated 
 from Oberlin College in 1897 and from the 
 seminary in 1899. He was ordained to the 
 Congregationalist ministry in 1899, and he 
 served as pastor of North Church. Colum- 
 bus, 1900-02. His death occurred in Cali- 
 fornia. He wrote studies of bird life in 
 several states, e.g., The Birds of Ohio, Co- 
 lumbus, 1903. WWW 1 
 
 DAY, ALBERT EDWARD (Nov. 18, 1884- 
 ), clergyman and lecturer, was born in 
 Euphemia, Preble County. After graduating 
 from Taylor University in 1904, he was or- 
 dained as a Methodist minister and served 
 churches in Bellefontaine, Cincinnati. Del- 
 aware, and Canton. He also served churches 
 in other states and lectured widely. He pub- 
 lished several books on religious themes, 
 e.g., Present Perils in Religion, New York, 
 [1928]. WW 30 
 
 DAY, HENRY NOBLE. See Joseph Badger. 
 
 DAY, LEWIS W. (Dec. 1, 1839-March 16, 
 1899), was born in Richland County. He 
 
 enlisted in the 101st O.V.I, on Aug. 6, 1862, 
 and was discharged in Dec, 1863, for dis- 
 ability. He lived in Hillsdale, Mich., for a 
 time after his discharge. He taught in the 
 schools of Marion, Galion, and Cleveland. 
 He was superintendent of schools in Can- 
 ton at the time of his death. 
 Story of the One Hundred and First Ohio 
 Infantry . . . , Cleveland, 1894. 
 
 DAY, SARAH J. (Nov. 5, 1860-May 11, 
 1940), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. In 1872 her family moved to 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., and after 1907 she lived 
 in Englewood, N. J. She graduated from 
 Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn, in 
 1879. She won a prize at the Brooklyn In- 
 stitute of Arts and Sciences for a poem, 
 "Battle of Long Island," in 1913. The last 
 title below is a biography of her father, 
 Timothy C. Day. 
 From Mayflowers to Mistletoe; A Year 
 
 with the Flower Folk, New York, 1900. 
 Fresh Fields and Legends Old and New, 
 
 New York, 1909. 
 Wayfarers and Wings, New York, 1924. 
 The Man on a Hill Top, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1931]. 
 
 DAY, STEPHEN A. (July 13, 1882-Jan. 5, 
 1950), lawyer, was born in Canton, Stark 
 County. He graduated from the University 
 of Michigan in 1905, read law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1907. He practiced in 
 Cleveland and Chicago and was a member 
 of Congress, 1941-45. He wrote The Con- 
 stitutionalist, Boston, [1936]. WWW 2 
 
 DEAN, CORINNE, educator, was born in 
 Toledo, Lucas County. After graduating 
 from the University of Chicago, she stud- 
 ied at the Sorbonne and at Columbia Uni- 
 versity. She has taught in the schools of 
 Puerto Rico, worked as a government trans- 
 lator, and now lives in Brazil. She has pub- 
 lished Cocoanut Suite; Stories of the West 
 Indies, Boston, [1944]. 
 
 DEASY, MARY MARGARET (May 20, 
 1914- ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. She graduated from Cincinnati 
 Conservatory in 1935 and appeared for a 
 time as a concert pianist. She abandoned 
 music for literature and published several 
 short stories in the late 1940s that were in- 
 cluded in the annual collections of "best" 
 stories. A careful craftsman with an experi- 
 mental viewpoint toward her art, she turned 
 to the novel after achieving success in the 
 short story. Between 1948 and 1957 she 
 published seven novels, receiving highest 
 critical acclaim perhaps for Cannon Hill, 
 her second, Boston, 1949. WW AW 1 
 
DeBeck 
 
 162 
 
 DeBECK, WILLIAM LOOMIS (Aug. 25, 
 1835- ? ), was born in New Jersey but spent 
 much of his life in Cincinnati, where he at- 
 tended Woodward High School. He worked 
 as a teacher and as a clerk, and also was 
 a reporter for the Enquirer. Around 1883 
 he moved to Chicago. The book listed be- 
 low, an account of spectacular crimes in 
 Cincinnati, was published under the pen 
 name "An Old Citizen." 
 Murder Will Out. The First Step in Crime 
 Leads to the Gallows. The Horrors of the 
 Queen City . . . , Cincinnati, 1867. 
 
 DeCAMP, ELLIS O. (April 4, 1874-May 16. 
 1938), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. When he was three years old, his 
 family moved to Hartwell, where he spent 
 his boyhood. He graduated from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1896, taught school for 
 six years, and then joined the Williamson 
 Heater Company, of which he was vice- 
 president at the time of his death. A small 
 volume of his verse, A Bouquet of Verse, 
 Cincinnati, 1938, was published by his wife. 
 
 De CAPITE, MICHAEL (April 13, 1915- 
 Jan. 17, 1950), was born and reared in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He attended 
 Cleveland schools and in 1938 graduated 
 from Ohio University. He worked as a 
 laborer and as a reporter, studied archi- 
 tecture, served in the army during World 
 War II, and was a press officer with the 
 United Nations. His second novel, No 
 Bright Banner, New York, [1944], deals 
 with the son of an Italian immigrant grow- 
 ing up on Cleveland's South Side and at- 
 tending Claremont College, a school that 
 somewhat resembles Ohio University. ANT 
 
 De CHAMBRUN, CLARA LONGWORTH 
 
 (1873-June 1, 1954), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. If there were one 
 word to describe her, it is "ardent." She 
 loved her birthplace passionately and wrote 
 about it often. She glowed with affection 
 for her family, back to early ancestors, and 
 for the friends of her childhood at "Rook- 
 wood" on Grandin Road. Even against the 
 pressure of public opinion, she championed 
 her French intimates. For the land of her 
 birth her patriotism never faltered. She 
 adopted with equally warm embrace the 
 country of her soldier-diplomat-banker hus- 
 band, Count Aldebert de Chambrun. re- 
 joicing that, as a direct descendant of Lafay- 
 ette, he held American as well as French 
 citizenship. They maintained close relation- 
 ships with both countries. Most of the 
 Countess's mature years were spent in 
 France, but they returned to Cincinnati for 
 
 their golden wedding. They chose to re- 
 main in France through both World Wars. 
 The Countess died there in 1954 and lies 
 buried in French soil. If nothing great was 
 ever achieved without enthusiasm, Clara de 
 Chambrun's lifetime researches and writ- 
 ings on Shakespeare can lay claim to great- 
 ness. In the days of the Bacon-Shakespeare 
 controversy she took up the cudgels for the 
 Bard, and deep was her scorn for his 
 doubters. She had learned to read from a 
 Shakespeare picture book, and her love for 
 the poet deepened with time. It led to years 
 of research which produced some dozen 
 works on him in both English and French, 
 including a play and a fictionalized biog- 
 raphy. Shakespeare, Actor-Poet (1927), pub- 
 lished in both languages, brought her 
 the Bordin Prize of the French Academy. 
 Reviewing it in the New York Times, Rich- 
 ard Le Gallienne pronounced the work "on 
 the whole the most convincing and complete 
 life of Shakespeare yet written." Because 
 life seemed zestful to her, the Countess re- 
 corded her experiences in detail. Two of 
 her books. Sliadows like Myself (1936) and 
 Shadows Lengthen . . . (1949), are auto- 
 biographical. Two more, The Making of 
 Nicholas Longworth (1933), a memoir of 
 her brother, who served as Congressman 
 and Speaker of the House, and Cincinnati: 
 The Story of the Queen City (1939), are 
 family books. In her eyes, Cincinnati was 
 a Longworth city. Her personality shines 
 out against a panorama of distinguished in- 
 tellectuals, diplomats, and political, military, 
 and social leaders in whose society she cir- 
 culated. She was an aristocrat, with the 
 strength and weakness which the label im- 
 plies. During two World Wars in France 
 she accepted hardship lightly, took daring 
 chances, bowed down to no man, and re- 
 garded physical fear, even the danger of 
 death, as lese majesty. Toward humanity 
 in the mass she was an onlooker. The sight 
 of fleeing refugees crowding the roads with 
 their meager belongings, children, old peo- 
 ple, and animals evoked words of pity, but 
 obviously no empathy: "Once agiin we had 
 to face the heart-rending spectacle of flee- 
 ing population. Except for this blot on the 
 peaceful landscape, nothing more lovely 
 could be imagined than the valley of 
 Coulommiers wrapped in the fairy veils of 
 a dewy September dawn." The education 
 of Clara brings a groan of envy in this tele- 
 vision era. Her grandfather, Joseph Long- 
 worth, whose home the family shared, be- 
 lieved that young people who live in the 
 country learn more from nature than from 
 academic instruction. He also held a theory 
 that adults should never talk down to chil- 
 
163 
 
 De Ford 
 
 dren. Walking through the beech woods on 
 their estate, he recited Shakespeare to the 
 four-year-old. From her mother she learned 
 composition, arithmetic, and American his- 
 tory. The wife of the French consul came 
 to give language lessons. In the evening, 
 around the library lamp, the children listened 
 to readings from Dickens, Thackeray, Scott, 
 and Pope's translations of the Iliad and the 
 Odyssey. They were taken to the best plays 
 and operas. In the little playhouse on the 
 grounds they presented their own renditions 
 of classical drama. Later, young Miss Long- 
 worth attended a small private school. It 
 was not until years after her marriage that 
 the Countess was made to feel aware of 
 the need for a formal degree. When the 
 Count de Chambrun was serving as military 
 attache at the French Embassy in Washing- 
 ton, his intellectually eager wife spent much 
 time at the Library of Congress. There she 
 unearthed the translations of John Florio, 
 which explained Shakespeare's knowledge 
 of French and Italian source materials. "I 
 worked hard over my discovery," she says, 
 "thrilled that a girl from Cincinnati with 
 little scholastic training and no university 
 studies whatever had made it." For just this 
 lack she was unable to attract the attention 
 of either Shakespeare scholars or publishers. 
 Eventually, her book was privately printed. 
 As her studies into the sources of Shake- 
 speare's work deepened, she determined to 
 acquire a degree. At forty, she achieved the 
 difficult Doctor of Letters at the Sorbonne. 
 Friendship, according to the standards of 
 Clara de Chambrun, demanded consistent 
 loyalty against all odds. Since little-girl 
 days she had been devoted to the family 
 friend, William Howard Taft. She dedicated 
 one of her early novels to him. Letters 
 passed between them frequently. When 
 Theodore Roosevelt took his Bull Moose 
 followers out of President Taft's Republican 
 Party organization, the Longworths were 
 confronted with a dilemma: Nicholas Long- 
 worth was married to Alice Roosevelt. 
 Their decision, though difficult, was typical. 
 Clara, and brother Nick as well, stood by 
 their old friend, Taft, against Nick's father- 
 in-law. It would have been unthinkable for 
 the de Chambruns to leave France during 
 wartime. By World War II the Count's 
 military days were over and he headed the 
 American Hospital. The Countess kept the 
 American Library going. Under its sign 
 hung the name "C. Longworth Chambrun, 
 Doctor of the University of Paris." "This 
 formula proved completely boche-proof," 
 she said, until June, 1944, when the Gestapo 
 took over and created trouble. They could 
 not down the cocky little Cincinnatian. Be- 
 
 cause of their broad affiliations, the de 
 Chambruns were in a unique position to 
 know what was going on on both sides. 
 Their pro-Americanism and devotion to 
 democratic France were not doubted. The 
 marriage of their only son, Rene, to Josee 
 Laval, daughter of Pierre Laval, premier 
 during the occupation, placed them close to 
 the workings of the Vichy Government. 
 The Countess expressed bitterness at the 
 distorted view which the U. S. Government 
 representatives and press implanted concern- 
 ing the officials who preferred to stay in 
 France and try to keep the nation alive. At 
 considerable length in Shadows Lengthen 
 she explains the difficulties of the Vichy 
 Government in its struggle to protect the 
 French people and preserve an organization. 
 "He [Marshal Petain] was there as Chief 
 of State to maintain the dignity of France, 
 leaving the interior government in the hands 
 of one [Pierre Laval] who had given full 
 proof of competence in many spheres, and 
 who at the same time was the most con- 
 vinced upholder of democratic institutions." 
 She regarded Laval as a murdered martyr. 
 "A complete revision of popular opinion 
 will have to be made in order to approach 
 historical truth," she concludes. Charac- 
 teristically, the Countess took what action 
 she could. Shortly before her death she 
 made arrangements to have Laval's body 
 exhumed from its potter's field grave and 
 buried in the plot of Lafayette and de 
 Chambrun. John Hollister, who knew the 
 Countess, described her as "dynamic, with 
 great dignity and poise and a good sense 
 of humor!" "She rode her hobbies hard," 
 he said. Though born a Protestant, she be- 
 came a devout Catholic and tried to prove 
 her beloved Shakespeare a Catholic, too. 
 Iphigene Bettman 
 
 DEERING, IVAH EVERETT (April 28, 
 1889- ), was born in Stewartsville, Mo. 
 She attended the University of Washington 
 and later taught in Washington elementary 
 schools. She lived in Cincinnati from 1932 
 to 1946, while her husband, Tarn Deering, 
 was city recreation director. She now lives 
 in Marysville, Wash., and teaches part time 
 at Everett lunior College. Her writings in- 
 clude a collection of poems: Stormy Petrel, 
 Philadelphia, [1949]. 
 
 De FORD, SARA WHITCRAFT (Nov. 9, 
 1916- ), educator, was born in Youngs- 
 town, Mahoning County. After graduating 
 from Mount Holyoke College in 1936, she 
 had intended to study law, the profession of 
 her father, but she transferred her interest 
 to literature and earned a doctorate from 
 
Deindorfer 
 
 164 
 
 Yale University in 1942. She has taught at 
 Barnard College, 1942-46, and since 1946 
 at Goucher College. Her poems have ap- 
 peared in various periodicals, and she has 
 published three collections, e.g., The Return 
 to Eden, [New York, 1940]. DAS 3 
 
 DEINDORFER, JOHANNES (July 28, 1828- 
 May 14, 1907), clergyman, was born in 
 Bavaria. He came to Michigan as a Lu- 
 theran missionary in 1851, moved to Iowa in 
 1853 after a doctrinal dispute, and with 
 others organized the Evangelical Lutheran 
 Synod of Iowa. He served as pastor of 
 Lutheran churches in Toledo, 1865-70, and 
 Defiance, 1870-89, though retaining his 
 connection with the Iowa Synod. 
 Geschichte der Evangel.-Luth. Synode von 
 
 Iowa und Anderen Staaten . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1897. 
 
 DeJEANS, ELIZABETH. Pseud. See Frances 
 E. J. Budgett. 
 
 DELAFIELD, JOHN, JR. (Oct. 12, 1812- 
 1865), was born in Uxbridge, England. He 
 was the son of an American father who, 
 though held a prisoner throughout the War 
 of 1812, had been permitted to carry on 
 a lucrative banking business in London. 
 The fortune so acquired was swept away in 
 a financial crisis in 1819. It was then that 
 the father's intimate friend, Washington 
 Irving, wrote of the Delafields' experiences 
 in that graceful story "The Wife," which 
 appears in the Sketch Book. The family re- 
 turned to New York in 1820, where Dela- 
 field senior became cashier and president 
 of the Phoenix Bank and was soon on his 
 way to acquiring a second and much larger 
 fortune. The Phoenix Bank was closely 
 affiliated with a number of Midwestern 
 banking institutions, one of which was the 
 bank of Marietta, of which Arius Nye was 
 cashier. Upon young Delafield's graduation 
 from Columbia University in 1830, he served 
 as librarian of the New York Historical 
 Society for a time. In 1831 he was sent to 
 Marietta, where he commenced the study 
 of law under Nye. Shortly after his arrival 
 in Marietta, an impressionable young 
 woman — herself newly arrived from the 
 East — described him as "the only dandy 
 here ... an elegant young man from New 
 York and an Episcopalian. He is studying 
 law here and is a teacher of music at the 
 Institute." He was admitted to the bar in 
 1833, and on April 20, 1833, in partner- 
 ship with Edward W. Nye, he bought the 
 newspaper American Friend and Marietta 
 Gazette. Two months later he married Edith 
 Wallace, the niece of Judge Jacob Burnet 
 
 (q.v. ). At this time the great Ohio land 
 boom was at its peak. Eastern speculators 
 were being showered with elegantly colored 
 maps, pamphlets, and books descriptive of 
 the various localities in which lands were 
 being offered for sale. Out of this clutter of 
 promotional literature a few items have 
 survived to acquire some degree of respect 
 as historical sources. Such a one is young 
 Delafield's Brief Topographical Description 
 of the County of Washington, State of Ohio, 
 published in New York early in 1834. It 
 was the first history of an Ohio county to 
 be published. On Oct. 18, 1834, Dela- 
 field announced his withdrawal from the 
 editorial office of the Gazette and his elec- 
 tion as cashier of the newly organized Clin- 
 ton Bank in Columbus. In its early years 
 the Clinton Bank was the only United States 
 depository west of the Ohio River. It made 
 the payments on such government works as 
 the National Road, the mails, military posts, 
 Indian annuities, and other governmental 
 services. In guarded wagons, its deposits 
 came from as far away as the land office 
 in the village of Chicago. For a youngster 
 of 22, it was a position of tremendous re- 
 sponsibility, yet he seems to have been 
 equal to it; letters from contemporary Mid- 
 western bankers indicate that he had their 
 respect and esteem. He resigned from the 
 bank in 1838 to devote his time to the com- 
 pletion of a work on archaeology. In 1837 
 Delafield induced Jacob Burnet to begin 
 writing a series of letters, in which the 
 aged judge recounted his recollections of 
 incidents relating to the early settlement 
 of the Northwestern Territory. The series 
 of seven leters, an important historical work, 
 was published in Part Second, Volume I, 
 of the Transactions of the Historical and 
 Philosophical Society of Ohio in 1839. The 
 result of Delafield's own archaeological re- 
 search was published in 1839: The Ori°in of 
 the Antiquities of America. The book was 
 enthusiastically received by European as 
 well as American reviewers. In the North 
 American Review, John Gorham Palfrey 
 said: "A quarto volume, from what when 
 we studied geography, used to be known by 
 the instructive name of the 'territory north- 
 west of the Ohio,' is something to attract 
 attention, and when we open it and find 
 it printed in a style which emulates the 
 London press, and is seldom even attempted 
 in America, we turn to the title page again 
 to see if we did not mistake its birthplace. 
 That one of the community in that great 
 pork-mart should write a book upon a 
 subject requiring long study and deep 
 thought, is to us a pleasing fact." Not the 
 least impressive feature of the work was 
 
165 
 
 Denton, S. F. 
 
 a folded color engraving of Mexican paint- 
 ings eighteen feet in length, engraved from 
 drawings by the versatile author. It was, so 
 far as is known, Delafield's final literary 
 effort. Early in the 1840s he removed to 
 Memphis, Tenn., and became a partner in 
 the law firm of Delafield and Massey. He 
 gained considerable recognition throughout 
 the Mississippi Valley as a specialist in land 
 cases. He removed to St. Louis, Mo., in 
 1849, but continued to maintain an office 
 in Memphis. He died in Liverpool, Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 A Brief Topograhpical [sic] Description of 
 the County of Washington, in the State 
 of Ohio, New York, 1834. 
 An Inquiry into the Origin of the Antiqui- 
 ties of America, Cincinnati, 1839. 
 
 DeLEEUW, ADELE LOUISE (Aug. 12, 
 1899- ), was born in Hamilton, Butler 
 County, attended schools there and in Cin- 
 cinnati, and now lives in Plainfield, N. J. 
 She traveled throughout the world with her 
 parents, lived for a time in New York City, 
 and then became a librarian in Plainfield. 
 She has written many books for adults and 
 for children and a volume of poems: Berries 
 of the Bittersweet, Boston, 1924. WWAW 1 
 
 DeLEEUW, CATEAU (Sept. 22, 1903- ), 
 was born in Hamilton, Butler County. She 
 studied painting in New York and Paris 
 and has exhibited her work in various cities. 
 She has illustrated a number of books 
 written by her sister, Adele (q.v.), and they 
 have collaborated on children's books. 
 Sometimes using the pen names Jessica 
 Lyon and Kay Hamilton, she has published 
 a number of books in her own right, e.g., 
 Love Is Where You Find It, Philadelphia, 
 1947. WWAW 1 
 
 DELLENBAUGH, FREDERICK SAMUEL 
 
 (Sept. 13, 1853-Jan. 30, 1935), artist and 
 author, was born in McConnelsville, Mor- 
 gan County. He was artist and topographer 
 with Major Powell's second expedition to 
 explore the Colorado and Green Rivers and 
 was a member of several other exploring 
 expeditions to Alaska and Siberia, Iceland, 
 the American Southwest, and South Amer- 
 ica. He wrote a number of books, including 
 studies of Fremont and Custer; but he is 
 best known for two books about the Powell 
 expedition: The Romance of the Colorado 
 River . . . , New York, 1902, and A Canyon 
 Voyage . . . , New York, 1908. DAB 21 
 
 DeLONG, ARTHUR HAMILTON (March 
 23, 1862-Dec. 17, 1919), clergyman, was 
 
 born in Napoleon, Henry County. A gradu- 
 ate of Northwestern University and Garrett 
 Biblical Institute, he served as a Methodist 
 minister in northwestern Indiana. He wrote 
 It Is Not Lawful; A Romance, New York, 
 [1913]. 
 
 DELP, IRWIN W. (Sept. 21, 1889- ), 
 educator, was born in Dayton, Montgomery- 
 County. After graduating from Miami Uni- 
 versity, he entered the Canton school sys- 
 tem, where he served in various administra- 
 tive capacities until his retirement in 1949. 
 He now lives in Canton. His writings in- 
 clude The Santa Fe Trail to California . . . , 
 Boston, 1933. 
 
 DEMING, KIRK. Pseud. See Harry S. Drago. 
 
 DEMING, WILLIAM CHAPIN (Dec. 6, 
 1869-April 9, 1949), Kentucky-born journal- 
 ist, lived in Ohio for seven years, 1894- 
 1901, while he edited the Warren Tribune. 
 From 1910 until his death he lived in 
 Cheyenne, Wyo. He published a number of 
 books and pamphlets. Agnes W. Spring 
 edited his Collected Writings and Addresses 
 . . . , 4 vols., Glendale, Calif., 1946-47. 
 
 DEMORET, ALFRED (Feb. 7, 1843-May 
 21, 1931), was born in Butler County. He 
 served as a private in the 93rd O.V.I, from 
 Aug., 1862, to June, 1865. His regimental 
 history was first published in the Venice 
 Gazette and was then revised and pub- 
 lished as a book. 
 
 A Brief History of the Ninety-Third Regi- 
 ment . . . , [Ross, 1898]. 
 
 DENTON, FRANKLIN EVERT (Nov. 22, 
 1859-May 28, 1947), journalist, was born 
 in Chardon, Geauga County. At the age 
 of seven he learned to set type in the of- 
 fice of the Jeffersonian Democrat, published 
 by his uncle, Julius O. Converse (q.v.). He 
 edited the Geauga Leader at Burton, 1884— 
 87, and from 1887 to 1902 worked on sev- 
 eral Cleveland newspapers. He later edited 
 the Ravenna Republican. His last years 
 were spent in Chardon and Cleveland. His 
 death occurred in Cleveland. 
 The Early Poetical Works of Franklin E. 
 Denton, Cleveland, 1883. 
 
 DENTON, SHERMAN FOOTE (Sept. 24, 
 1856-June 17, 1937), naturalist, son of 
 William Denton (q.v.), was born in Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. He attended 
 school in Massachusetts, and in 1880 he 
 visited Nevada and California on his first 
 collecting trip. In 1883 he went to Australia 
 
Denton, W. 
 
 166 
 
 and New Guinea in search of specimens. He 
 also worked in the Smithsonian Institution 
 for several years. He perfected methods of 
 mounting fish and butterflies and supplied 
 specimens to museums throughout the coun- 
 try. He died at Weston, Mass. 
 Incidents of a Collector's Rambles in Aus- 
 tralia, New Zealand, and New Guinea, 
 Boston, 1889. 
 As Nature Shows Them: Moths and Butter- 
 flies of the United States East of the 
 Rocky Mountains . . . , 2 vols., Boston, 
 1900. 
 
 DENTON, WILLIAM (Jan., 1823-1883), re- 
 former, was born in Darlington. England. 
 Soon after his conversion to Methodism at 
 the age of sixteen, he was a popular lecturer 
 on temperance. In 1848 he came to the 
 United States. After spending a short time 
 in Cincinnati, he went to Dayton, where he 
 taught school and served as a principal. He 
 married Elizabeth Foote of Cincinnati, who 
 collaborated on the second book listed be- 
 low. His interest in geology led him to 
 adopt unpopular ideas regarding creation, 
 and on a few of his lecture trips he was 
 threatened with mob violence. His debate 
 with James A. Garfield (q.v.) drew a large 
 crowd. In the 1850s he moved to Massa- 
 chusetts. He died in New Guinea while on 
 a world speaking and exploring tour. 
 Poems for Reformers, Dayton, 1856. 
 The Soul of Things; Or, Psychometric Re- 
 searches and Discoveries, Boston, 1863. 
 Our Planet, Its Past and Future . . . , Bos- 
 ton, [1868]. 
 The Irreconcilable Records; Or, Genesis and 
 
 Geology, Boston, 1870. 
 Radical Discourses on Religious Subjects 
 
 . . . , Boston. 1872. 
 What Was He? Or, Jesus in the Light of 
 the Nineteenth Century, Wellesley, Mass., 
 1877. 
 Is Darwin Right? . . . , Wellesley, 1881. 
 
 DENVER, DRAKE C. Pseud. See Nelson C. 
 
 Nye. 
 
 DENVER, JANE CAMPBELL (Feb. 8, 1821- 
 Dec. 7, 1847) and MARY CAROLINE DEN- 
 VER (Feb. 8, 1821-Oct. 16, 1860), twin 
 sisters, were born near Winchester, Va. 
 When they were about ten years old, the 
 family moved to a farm near Wilmington, 
 Clinton County. Mary commenced writing 
 poetry at the age of eleven, and Jane be- 
 gan writing some years later. Identical twins 
 of great beauty, their personal resemblance 
 was extraordinary. Mary wrote rapidly, 
 without effort, while Jane wrote with less 
 ease but perhaps with more vigor of ex- 
 
 pression. To both, their gift was a source 
 of great happiness. Both died at Wilming- 
 ton, and they are buried there. In 1875 
 their distinguished brother, James W. Den- 
 ver (q.v.), published their poems. 
 Poems, New York, 1875. 
 
 DENVER, JAMES WILLIAM (Oct. 23, 1817- 
 Aug. 9, 1892), lawyer, was born in Win- 
 chester, Va. His parents moved with their 
 family to Wilmington, Clinton County, in 
 1830. He graduated from Cincinnati Law 
 School and was admitted to the bar in 
 1844. He commenced practice at Xenia, 
 where he also edited a newspaper, the 
 Thomas Jefferson. He soon moved to Platte 
 City, Mo., where he bought and edited the 
 Platte Argus and practiced law, with a bit 
 of schoolteaching on the side. He served in 
 the Mexican War, and in 1850 he went to 
 California and engaged in trading. An un- 
 fortunate controversy with Edward Gilbert, 
 editor of the Daily Aha California, resulted 
 in a duel in which Gilbert was killed. Den- 
 ver was elected without difficulty to the 
 34th Congress, but in later years political 
 adversaries made effective use of distorted 
 versions of the duel. In Congress he pro- 
 posed that three transcontinental railroads 
 be built; though none was authorized, a 
 continuing study of the subject made him 
 one of the leading railroad attorneys in 
 Washington in later years. In 1857 he was 
 appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs 
 by President Buchanan and went to the 
 West to negotiate treaties with the Indians. 
 Needing a strong arm in the turbulent Kan- 
 sas Territory, Buchanan appointed him sec- 
 retary of the Territory in Dec, 1857, and 
 governor the following May. Having re- 
 stored law and order, he returned to Wash- 
 ington in 1859, where, in association with 
 Albert Pike, he became active in prosecut- 
 ing the claims of the Cherokee and Choctaw 
 Indians. On the outbreak of the Civil War, 
 he entered the Federal army and served 
 two years with the rank of brigadier general. 
 Resigning in the spring of 1863 he returned 
 to Washington and reopened his offices. The 
 fact that he was employed in the defense 
 of the infamous Captain Henry Wirz, prison 
 keeper at Andersonville, seems to have es- 
 caped the attention of those Union veterans 
 who endorsed him for the Presidency at the 
 Soldiers' Convention in Cleveland in 18%. 
 From 1860 until his death he maintained 
 his legal residence at Wilmington, though 
 he spent most of his time in Washington, 
 where he served as attorney for a number 
 of western railroads, specialized in the 
 prosecution of Indian claims, and more 
 particularly negotiated the famous and com- 
 
167 
 
 Devol 
 
 plex California land cases, on which he 
 became an outstanding authority. His briefs, 
 hundreds of which were printed, demon- 
 strate tireless research and are of no little 
 value to the historian. He was an unsuccess- 
 ful candidate for Congress from Ohio in 
 1870. At the Democratic conventions of 
 1876 and 1884, he was mentioned in con- 
 nection with the Democratic nomination 
 for the Presidency, but rumors of his as- 
 sociation with the Wirz case and the twisted 
 versions of the duel with Gilbert presented 
 hurdles which he could not hope to clear. 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 
 DeQUILLE, DAN. Pseud. See William Wright. 
 
 DeRAN, EDNA SMITH (Nov. 7, 1870-?), 
 was born in Pyrmont, Montgomery County. 
 She attended National Normal University, 
 Lebanon, and Cincinnati Conservatory of 
 Music. She lived in New Orleans, La., and 
 Detroit, Mich. She is deceased, but the date 
 of her death has not been learned. She 
 published several collections of verse, e.g., 
 Muted Melodies, Kalamazoo, Mich., 1926. 
 BDCP 
 
 DERBY, ROSWELL, JR. (Feb. 4, 1854-Oct. 
 28, 1927), lawyer, was born in Fulton 
 County. After reading law, he was admitted 
 to the bar and practiced in Milan. He pub- 
 lished Poems of Friendship, Love, and 
 Hope, Boston, 1917. 
 
 DeSCHWEINITZ, EDMUND ALEXANDER 
 
 (1825-1887), clergyman, served a brief 
 pastorate at Dover about 1847-48. He 
 wrote The Life and Times of David Zeis- 
 berger . . . , Philadelphia, 1871. 
 
 DESSAR, LEO CHARLES (1847-1924), 
 lawyer, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He was admitted to the Ohio bar 
 and later practiced in New York City. 
 A Royal Enchantress; The Romance of the 
 Last Queen of the Berbers, New York, 
 1900. 
 
 DETWEILER, FREDERICK GERMAN 
 
 (March 4, 1881- ), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Louisville, Ky. He was 
 ordained a Baptist minister in 1908 and 
 served churches in Oberlin, 1908-11, Day- 
 ton, 1912-15, and Galion, 1915-17. He 
 earned an A.B. at Denison University in 
 1917 and a Ph.D. from University of Chi- 
 cago in 1922. From 1917 until his retire- 
 ment in 1949, he was on the faculty of 
 Denison University. He now lives in Dallas, 
 Texas. His writings include The Negro 
 Press in the United States, Chicago, [1922]. 
 WW 26 
 
 DEUTSCH, ALEX TOM, engineer, born in 
 Vienna, Austria, lived in Cincinnati for 
 fifteen years. He now lives in Washington, 
 D. C. He has published technical books and 
 papers and a collection of prose and poetry: 
 Beach of Life . . . , Cincinnati, [1949]. 
 
 DEUTSCH, GOTTHARD (Jan. 31, 1859- 
 
 Oct. 14, 1921), educator, was born in 
 
 Kanitz, Austria, and came to the United 
 
 States in 1891 to join the faculty of Hebrew 
 
 Union College. He spent the remainder of 
 
 his life in Cincinnati. 
 
 Die Symbolik in Cultus . . . , Briinn, 1886. 
 
 Theory of Oral Tradition, 1895. 
 
 Andere Zeiten . . . , Berlin, 1897. 
 
 Philosophy of Jewish History, Cincinnati, 
 1897. 
 
 Unlosbare Fesseln . . . , Frankfort, 1902. 
 
 Four Epochs of Jewish History, 1905. 
 
 Israel Bruna; An Historical Tragedy in 
 Five Acts, Boston, 1908. 
 
 The History of the Jews, New York, 1910. 
 
 Der Glaube on Hobelspaene, 1915. 
 
 Scrolls; Essays on Jewish History and Litera- 
 ture . . . , 3 vols., Cincinnati, 1917-20. 
 
 DeVELLING, CHARLES THEODORE (June 
 25, 1842-Jan. 14, 1923), was born in Athens, 
 Athens County, and attended school in Lan- 
 caster. He studied dentistry with his brother- 
 in-law and, after the Civil War, settled in 
 Zanesville to practice. He later dealt in 
 real estate and lived in Washington, D. C, 
 for several years but returned to Zanesville 
 before his death. 
 
 History of the Seventeenth Regiment, First 
 Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth 
 Corps, Army of the Cumberland . . . , 
 Zanesville, 1889. 
 
 DEVINE, GEORGE BURNETT (Oct. 22, 
 1892- ), was born in Miamisburg, Mont- 
 gomery County. Though deaf since 1904 
 and blind since 1932, he mastered the art 
 of reading and writing Braille and has also 
 made carpentry his hobby. Since 1941 he 
 has lived in Dayton. He has published a 
 volume of homespun verse: Everyday Poems 
 in Everyday English, Miamisburg, 1937. 
 
 DEVOL, GEORGE H. (Aug. 1, 1829-?), 
 was born in Marietta, Washington County. 
 In the preface to his book it is stated that 
 "He [the author] belongs to the celebrated 
 Devol family of Marietta." This is con- 
 firmed by an inscription on the flyleaf of a 
 copy of the book in the Stimson Collection, 
 Marietta College Library, where Rodney M. 
 Stimson (q.v.) wrote "Geoige H. Devol, 
 the author of this 'work,' was born in Mari- 
 etta, and was always, and is yet a 'bad egg.' 
 
De Weese 
 
 168 
 
 His father, Barker Devol, was known to 
 [me] many years as a quiet citizen of not 
 bad reputation . . . this book is worthless, 
 even as a record of Devol's worthless life 
 and adventures." Devol's book is now a 
 sought-after classic in its field. He was still 
 living in 1889, but the exact date of his 
 death has not been found. It is interesting to 
 note that Devol may not be the only fa- 
 mous double-dealer from Marietta to write 
 of his skullduggery; it is probable that 
 Jonathan Harrington Green (q.v.), "The 
 Reformed Gambler," was also born in that 
 community. 
 
 Forty Years a Gambler on the Mississippi, 
 Cincinnati, 1887. 
 
 DE WEESE, TRUMAN ARMSTRONG (June 
 19, 1860-March 19, 1936), was born near 
 Troy, Miami County. After graduating from 
 high school in Dayton, he studied medicine 
 for two years before turning to journalism. 
 He was an editorial writer for the Chicago 
 Times-Herald, 1894-1904, director of spe- 
 cial publicity for the St. Louis Exposition, 
 1904, and after 1906 director of publicity 
 for the Shredded Wheat Company. 
 The Young Man with Nothing but Brains, 
 
 [n.p.], 1896. 
 The Principles of Practical Publicity . . . , 
 
 Buffalo, 1906. 
 The Bend in the Road and How a Man 
 
 of the City Found It, New York, 1913. 
 Keeping a Dollar at Work . . . , [New 
 
 York], 1915. 
 
 DEXTER, CHARLES (Jan. 17, 1830-Sept. 
 12, 1893), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County, the son of an Englishman who 
 operated a wholesale grocery and liquor 
 business in the city. After graduating from 
 Harvard University in 1851, he entered his 
 father's business. The volume below consists 
 partly of original verses and partly of trans- 
 lations from German poetry. 
 Versions and Idle Measures, Cincinnati, 
 1865. 
 
 DEXTER, WILL. Pseud. See Oliver Coomes. 
 
 DICE, CHARLES AMOS (Nov. 5, 1878- 
 ), educator, was born in Strasburg, 
 Tuscarawas County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Northern University in 1905, Drew 
 Theological Seminary in 1908, and the Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin (Ph.D.) in 1924. He 
 served on the faculty of Ohio State Uni- 
 versity, 1919-49, and since his retirement 
 has continued to live in Columbus. He has 
 published The Stock Market, London, Eng- 
 land, 1926. WW 20 
 
 DICK, GERTRUDE McCONNELL (Mrs. 
 Karl W.) (March 22, 1899- ), was born 
 in Massillon, Stark County. She now lives 
 in Cleveland, where she gives readings with 
 musical background. She has written a story 
 of an Alsatian boy living during World War 
 II in an Ohio mining town: Kaleidoscope, 
 Philadelphia, [1944]. 
 
 DICK, SAMUEL MEDARY (April 4, 1857- 
 March 5, 1938), clergyman, was born in 
 Pickaway County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1887 and the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan (Ph.D.) in 1891. After 
 being ordained to the Methodist ministry 
 in 1895, he served churches in New Eng- 
 land and Minnesota and later lived in Pasa- 
 dena, Calif. He patented various devices, 
 including an instantaneous carbonator. Be- 
 sides the titles below, he edited a collection 
 of patriotic talks in 1895. 
 The Principle of Synthetic Unity in Berke- 
 ley and Kant, Lowell, Mass., 1898. 
 Psychotherapy . . . , [Minneapolis, 1909]. 
 Analysis and Interpretation of Old Age Re- 
 volving Pensions as Outlined by F. E. 
 Townsend, Chicago, 1934. 
 
 DICKERSON, ROY ERNEST (April 3, 
 1886- ), social worker and lawyer, was 
 born in Versailles, Ind. He practiced law in 
 Colorado, 1910-16, entered Y.M.C.A. and 
 De Molay work, and came to Cincinnati 
 in 1941 as associate director of the Ameri- 
 can Institute of Family Relations and as 
 a teacher at the University of Cincinnati. 
 He has written numerous books on social 
 problems, e.g., Growing into Manhood, 
 New York, 1933. WW 30 
 
 DICKEY, JAMES H. (1780-1856), clergy- 
 man, was born in Virginia. He was licensed 
 to preach by the Presbyterian Church in 
 1808; served as a domestic missionary in 
 Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio; and was 
 pastor of South Salem Church, Ross County, 
 1810-36. In 1837 he moved to Union Grove, 
 111., where he spent the remainder of his 
 life. Like his brother-in-law, Samuel Croth- 
 ers (q.v.), he was an outspoken opponent 
 of slavery. His book is a refutation of the 
 Scriptural defense of slavery. 
 A Review of a Summary of Biblical Anti- 
 quities . . . , Ripley, 1834. 
 
 DICKINSON, CORNELIUS EVARTS (April 
 23, 1835-March 7. 1925), clergyman, was 
 born in Heath, Mass. He graduated from 
 Amherst College in 1860 and Chicago Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1863. After serving 
 several Congregational churches in Illinois, 
 he came to Marietta in 1883 and remained 
 
169 
 
 Diffendorfer 
 
 an Ohio resident for the rest of his life. 
 His History of Belpre was largely a repub- 
 lication of material drawn from the works 
 of Samuel Prescott Hildreth (q.v.). 
 The First Church Organization in Marietta 
 
 . . . , Columbus, 1888. 
 A Century of Church Life, Marietta, 1896. 
 A History of Belpre, Washington County, 
 
 Ohio, Parkersburg, W. Va., [1920]. 
 
 DICKINSON, EDWARD (Oct. 10, 1853-Jan. 
 25, 1946), musician and educator, was born 
 in West Springfield, Mass. He graduated 
 from Amherst College in 1876 and studied 
 music in Boston and Berlin. From 1893 to 
 1922 he was a member of the Cberlin Col- 
 lege faculty, and after his retirement he 
 continued to live in Oberlin. He published 
 several books on music, e.g., Music in the 
 History of the Western Church . . . , New 
 York, 1902. WWW 3 
 
 DICKMAN, JOSEPH THEODORE (Oct. 6, 
 1857-Oct. 23, 1927), army officer, was born 
 in Dayton, Montgomery County. During 
 World War I he commanded a division, a 
 corps, and finally the Third Army. He re- 
 tired as a major general in 1921. He wrote 
 an account of military operations in France: 
 The Great Crusade, [New York, 1927]. 
 DAB 5 
 
 DICKORE, MARIE (Aug. 15, 1883- ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 She graduated from the University of Cin- 
 cinnati in 1907 and has done graduate work 
 in history at the University of Wisconsin 
 and Ohio State University. She has written 
 historical feature articles for the Times-Star 
 and the Enquirer and books and pamphlets 
 on historical subjects, e.g., The Order of 
 the Purple Heart . . . , Cincinnati, 1943. 
 WWMW 6 
 
 DICKSON, ARTHUR PARKINSON (1888- 
 c.1940), was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 County. He studied art in New York City 
 and for more than twenty years was art 
 director of Fox Films. His writings include 
 a novel published posthumously: Death for 
 the Corners, Boston, [1941]. 
 
 DICUS, M. E. Pseud. See Charles Gatchell. 
 
 DIEBOLD, JANET HART (July 8, 1917- 
 ), lawyer, was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County. She graduated from Swarth- 
 more College in 1937 and Duke University 
 School of Law in 1954. Admitted to the 
 bar in the District of Columbia in 1955, she 
 is now an assistant counsel, Board of Gov- 
 ernors, Federal Reserve System, and lives 
 in Washington, D. C. She has been married 
 
 twice, and as Janet Diebold published a 
 novel about a young American girl study- 
 ing in Denmark: Mandrake Root, New 
 York, [1946]. Under her present name, 
 Janet Hart Sylvester, she has published le- 
 gal articles and some poems. 
 
 DIEHL, HENRY ARCHER (Aug. 26, 1876- 
 Nov. 1, 1952). educator, was born in West 
 Farmington, Trumbull County. After at- 
 tending Hiram College, he taught school in 
 Trumbull and Mahoning Counties and for 
 25 years was superintendent of West End 
 schools in Ashtabula. He spent 36 years in 
 educational work before retiring to become 
 a public lecturer in Ohio and other states. 
 He wrote epigrams, short stories, and 
 poems which appeared in various magazines. 
 One collection of his verse was published: 
 Three Dozen Poems by the Way, Three 
 Dozen Poems Sad and Gay, Cleveland, 
 1906. 
 
 DIEHL, MICHAEL (1819-April 20, 1869), 
 clergyman and educator, was born in 
 Franklin County, Pa. In 1846 after his grad- 
 uation from Gettysburg College and Semi- 
 nary and his ordination as a Lutheran min- 
 ister, he was called to Wittenberg College 
 as professor of ancient languages. While 
 teaching in Springfield, he served as pastor 
 of several churches in the vicinity of the 
 city. He retired from teaching in 1868 and 
 died in Springfield the following year. 
 Biography of Rev. Ezra Keller, D.D., 
 Founder and First President of Witten- 
 berg College, Springfield, 1859. 
 
 DIETZ, DAVID HENRY (Oct. 6, 1897- 
 ), writer and lecturer on scientific sub- 
 jects, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He graduated from Western Re- 
 serve University in 1919. He has been on 
 the editorial staff of the Cleveland Press 
 since 1915, science editor for Scripps-How- 
 ard newspapers since 1921, and lecturer at 
 Western Reserve since 1927. He has written 
 numerous articles and books since his first: 
 The Story of Science, New York, [1931]. 
 WW 30 
 
 DIFFENDORFER, RALPH EUGENE (Aug. 
 15, 1879-Jan. 31, 1951), clergyman, was 
 born in Haysville, Ashland County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1902 and Drew Theological Seminary in 
 1907. He served in various executive posi- 
 tions in educational and missionary organi- 
 zations of the Methodist Church. He died 
 in Madison, N. J. He edited and wrote a 
 number of books on the missionary move- 
 ment, e.g., China and Japan?, New York, 
 [1938]. WWW 3 
 
Dillon 
 
 170 
 
 DILLON, JOHN BROWN (c.l807-Feb. 27, 
 1879), journalist and historian, was born 
 in Wellsburg, Va. Soon after his birth his 
 parents moved to Belmont County, where 
 he spent his boyhood. His father died in 
 1816, and a year later the boy was ap- 
 prenticed to the Wellsburg printer John 
 Berry. In 1824 he went to Cincinnati, where 
 he was employed as a printer, working for 
 some time on the Cincinnati Gazette 
 under his former Belmont County neigh- 
 bor, the brilliant Charles Hammond 
 (q.v.). Like so many other young Cincin- 
 nati literateurs of that day, he read law in 
 his spare time. His first published poem of 
 which we have record, "The Burial of the 
 Beautiful," appeared in the Gazette in 1826. 
 He contributed to Timothy Flint's Western 
 Review in 1827, and published "The Or- 
 phan's Lament" in James Hall's Western 
 Souvenir in 1829. During the rest of his 
 stay, and for some years after leaving the 
 city, he was a regular contributor to Cin- 
 cinnati publications. In 1834 he went to 
 Logansport, Ind., where with Stanislaus 
 Lassell he founded the Canal Telegraph. He 
 was admitted to the bar in Logansport. He 
 had long been interested in local history, 
 and within a year after his arrival in In- 
 diana he had become a member of the 
 newly organized Indiana Historical Society, 
 an organization in which he served with 
 distinction in various offices until the end of 
 his days. While he was in Logansport, he 
 began his projected History of Indiana, the 
 first volume of which appeared in 1843. 
 This scholarly and readable book was a 
 commercial failure. Claiming without ap- 
 parent justification that the text had been 
 substantially revised, he permitted it to be 
 reissued in 1859 with scanty material, sup- 
 posedly bringing the history of the state 
 down to 1859. He appears to have engaged 
 but little in legal practice. After holding 
 several minor state offices, he was appointed 
 in 1863 as ex-officio Superintendent of Doc- 
 uments and Librarian to the Department of 
 the Interior in Washington, D. C. Under 
 political pressure he resigned in 1871 to be- 
 come Clerk to the Committee on Military 
 Affairs in the House of Representatives. In 
 1875 he moved to Indianapolis, where he 
 remained until his death. His Oddities of 
 Colonial Legislation was completed by Ben 
 Douglass (q.v.) of Ohio. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 The History of Indiana, from Its Earliest 
 
 Exploration by Europeans, to the Close 
 
 of the Territorial Government in 1816 
 
 . . . , Indianapolis, 1843. 
 Notes on Historical Evidence in Reference 
 
 to Adverse Theories of the Origin and 
 
 Nature of the Government of the United 
 States of America, New York, 1871. 
 
 Oddities of Colonial Legislation in America 
 . . . , Indianapolis, 1879. 
 
 The National Decline of the Miumi In- 
 dians, Indianapolis, 1897. 
 
 DILWORTH, HIRAM POWERS (May 19, 
 
 1878- ), was born in Hicksville, De- 
 fiance County. After graduating from the 
 Cincinnati College of Music and studying 
 abroad, he became a concert pianist and 
 toured the United States. In 1904 he be- 
 came a guard at the Art Institute of Chi- 
 cago; now retired, he still lives in Chicago. 
 He has written poetry since he was eleven 
 years old and has donated manuscript vol- 
 umes of verse to many libraries. He has 
 also published several volumes, e.g., Seven 
 Sonnets and Ode to the Merry Moment, 
 [Chicago, 1916]. 
 
 DIMMETTE, CELIA PUHR (Mrs. Charles 
 L.) (Sept. 26, 1896- ), was born in 
 Brookings County, S. D., but has lived in 
 Summit County for more than forty years. 
 She has published poems in various maga- 
 zines and newspapers, and one collection of 
 her verse: Toward the Metal Sun, Boston, 
 1950. 
 
 DINWIDDIE, ELIZABETH McMURTIE 
 
 (Jan. 26, 1886- ), was born in Char- 
 lottesville, Va. She was a social worker in 
 the South for several years before mov- 
 ing to Cleveland in 1923. She is married to 
 Lewis L. Holladay. Under her maiden 
 name, she published a volume of verse: 
 Creeds and Byways, Boston, [1923]. 
 
 DITTRICK, HOWARD (Feb. 14, 1877-July 
 11, 1954), physician, born in St. Cath- 
 erine's, Ontario, Canada, came to the 
 United States in 1900. He studied medicine 
 at the University of Toronto and Lakeside 
 Hospital, Cleveland. He practiced in Cleve- 
 land until 1943, and after his retirement 
 he directed the editorial department of 
 Cleveland Clinic. He was widely known as 
 a writer of historical and medical articles 
 and also published one book, Pioneer Med- 
 icine in the Western Reserve, Cleveland, 
 1932. WWW 3 
 
 DIX, FRED KELLER (1891-Feb. 5, 1944), 
 journalist, was born in Prospect, Marion 
 County. He attended Prospect public 
 schools, and in 1924 he bought the Pros- 
 pect Monitor. He also broadcast programs 
 over a Marion radio station. He published 
 poems in various periodicals and a col- 
 lection, Poems, Prospect, [1921]. 
 
171 
 
 Dodds 
 
 DIXON, J. M. (c.1820-?), journalist, son of 
 Jacob Dixon (q.v.), was born in southeast- 
 ern Ohio. Between 1850 and 1867 he ap- 
 parently served on the editorial staffs of 
 several Iowa newspapers. He was associate 
 editor of the Iowa State Register in Oct., 
 1867, when he was stricken with blindness. 
 Shortly afterward he returned to Harrison, 
 Hamilton County, where he spent the rest 
 of his life. 
 The Valley of the Shadow: Comprising the 
 
 Experiences of a Blind Ex-Editor, New 
 
 York, 1868. 
 Centennial History of Polk County, Iowa, 
 
 Des Moines, 1876. 
 
 DIXON, JACOB (May 20, 1793-Sept.. 1849), 
 clergyman and physician, was born in Vir- 
 ginia. In 1805 he moved with his family 
 to Washington County. He became a Meth- 
 odist minister in 1825 and served in various 
 Ohio conferences until 1834, when he be- 
 gan to practice medicine at Frankfort, Ross 
 County. He practiced in that area until his 
 death at Marshall. He published poems in 
 the Western Christian Monitor, Chillicothe, 
 and other periodicals. The volume below 
 contains a four-part epic, "Divination Over- 
 ruled." 
 
 The Poetical Works of Jacob Dixon . . . , 
 Columbus, 1833. 
 
 DOAN, EDWARD NEWELL (Oct. 8, 1904- 
 ), educator, was born in West Carrollton, 
 Montgomery County. A graduate of Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1926, he has taught 
 political science and journalism at several 
 universities and now lives in Miamisburg. 
 His interest in the Progressive movement 
 led to his writing The La Follettes and the 
 Wisconsin Idea, New York, 1947. 
 
 DOAN, FRANK CARLETON (Feb. 13, 1877- 
 May 14, 1927), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Nelsonville, Athens County. 
 He graduated from Ohio State University 
 in 1898 and Harvard University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1904. He taught at Ohio University, 
 1900-04, and Meadville Theological Semi- 
 nary, Pa., 1904-14. After 1914 he served 
 as pastor of Unitarian churches in New 
 Jersey, Iowa, and New York. His writings 
 include Religion and the Modern Mind 
 . . . , Boston, 1909. WWW 1 
 
 DOANE, ROBERT RUTHERFORD (March 
 10, 1889-Oct. 20, 1960), economist, was born 
 in Wilmington, Clinton County. He attended 
 Wilmington College and Ohio Wesleyan 
 University and did graduate work at sev- 
 eral universities. He served as an econo- 
 
 mist with several industrial firms and was 
 also a member of many conferences on eco- 
 nomic questions. He lived in New York City 
 and wrote magazine articles and books on 
 economic questions, e.g., The Anatomy of 
 American V'ealth . . . , New York, 1940. 
 
 DOBBS, CATHERINE ROSE BIGGS (Jan. 
 30, 1908- ), was born in Barberton, Sum- 
 mit County. She has lectured widely and is 
 active in civic and cultural activities in 
 Summit County. She has served in the state 
 senate and has been mayor of Barberton 
 since 1956. She has written an account of 
 the Zoar community: Freedom's Will: The 
 Society of Separatists of Zoar . . . , New 
 York, 1947. 
 
 DOBYNS, FLETCHER (1872-Dec. 13, 1942), 
 lawyer, was born near Columbus, Franklin 
 County. After graduating from Harvard 
 University in 1898 and Northwestern Uni- 
 versity Law School in 1901, he was ad- 
 mitted to the Illinois bar and afterward 
 practiced in Chicago. His writings include 
 The Underworld of American Politics, New 
 York, [1932]. WWW 2 
 
 DODD, HENRY MARTYN (Aug. 6, 1839- 
 June 28, 1925), clergyman, was born in 
 Ridgeville, Lorain County. After graduating 
 from Hamilton College in 1863, he taught 
 school for four years. He graduated from 
 the Theological Seminary, Auburn, N. Y., 
 in 1870 and was ordained to the Presby- 
 terian ministry in 1873. He served several 
 churches in New York State, and after his 
 retirement he lived at Clinton, N. Y. He 
 wrote a family history, several books on 
 religious themes, and a church history: Cen- 
 tennial History of the Old Congregational 
 Church, Windham, N. Y., 1903. WWW 1 
 
 DODD, THOMAS J. (Aug. 4, 1837-?), born 
 in Harper's Ferry, Va., came to Cincinnati 
 in 1887 to establish Dodd Classical High 
 School. A Methodist clergyman, he served 
 several churches in Kentucky. He published 
 Miracles: Were They, or Were They Not 
 Performed by Jesus? . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1899. 
 
 DODDS, SAMUEL (Feb. 28, 1858-Dec. 26, 
 1947), educator, was born in Prospect, Pa. 
 He graduated from Grove City College in 
 1881 and Pittsburgh Theological Seminary 
 in 1889. He joined the faculty of the Col- 
 lege of Wooster in 1918 and lived in Ohio 
 for the remainder of his life. He wrote 
 Friendship's Meaning . . . , [Butler, Pa., 
 1919]. WWW 2 
 
Dodge, H. J. 
 
 DODGE, HOMER JOSEPH (June 1, 1891- 
 May 3, 1960), journalist, was born in Au- 
 burn Geauga County. In 1909 his family 
 moved to Maryland, and soon afterward he 
 became a reporter on the Washington Post. 
 He also worked on the Washington Herald 
 and was a correspondent for International 
 News Service. In 1913 he founded Bank- 
 ers' Information Service, and he also was 
 a founder of Editorial Research Reports. 
 One of the best-known figures in Washing- 
 ton journalistic circles, he was a member 
 of the National Press Club for fifty years. 
 He wrote numerous magazine articles and 
 one book: The Pursuit of a Whisper, [New 
 York, 1925]. 
 
 DODGE, JACOB RICHARDS (Sept. 28, 
 1823-Oct. 1, 1902), statistician, was born 
 in New Boston, N. H. He lived in Spring- 
 field between 1857 and 1861, while editing 
 the American Ruralist, and wrote numerous 
 articles and bulletins on agricultural sub- 
 jects, and the book Red Men of the Ohio 
 Valley . . . , Springfield, 1860. 
 
 DODGE, MARTIN HERBERT (Aug. 27, 
 1892-Nov. 25, 1957), public relations ex- 
 ecutive, was born in Auburn, Geauga 
 County. He graduated from Oberlin College 
 in 1915 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1918. After serving as manager of the 
 Industrial Bureau of the Merchants' As- 
 sociation of New York, 1918-27, he was an 
 executive of a number of companies and 
 was a labor consultant with the Depart- 
 ment of Commerce, 1946-53. He wrote a 
 number of articles, pamphlets, and books 
 on economics, labor, and public relations, 
 e.g., Know Your Isms, New York, 1950. 
 WWW 3 
 
 DOERNENBURG, EMIL (April 28, 1880- 
 March 20, 1935), educator, was born in 
 Langenberg, Germany. He taught at Ohio 
 University, 1911-17, the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, 1917-30, and LaSalle College, 
 1931-33. Besides textbooks and magazine 
 articles, he wrote Sturm und Stille, [New 
 York, 1916]. OBB 
 
 DOERNER, CELIA (March 6, 1853-April 
 18, 1918), educator, was born in Pomeroy, 
 Meigs County. She taught at Hughes High 
 School, Cincinnati, in the 1880s and 1890s. 
 In 1904, because of ill health, she retired 
 from teaching and moved to Daytona, Fla., 
 and thence to Denver, Colo. From 1909 
 until her death, she lived in Grant's Pass, 
 Oreg. She compiled a textbook for the Ec- 
 lectic Series in 1881, and wrote Little Rip- 
 ples of Song, Boston, 1914. 
 
 172 
 
 DOGGETT, HENRY S. (Oct. 15, 1837- 
 c.1885), lawyer and educator, was born in 
 Hillsboro, Highland County. After studying 
 in Hillsboro Academy under Professor 
 Isaac Sams, whose biography he later 
 wrote, he read law and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1858. He published the Hillsboro 
 Gazette, 1861-62, was a war correspond- 
 ent for a time, and in 1866 was made su- 
 perintendent of Hillsboro schools. He died 
 while traveling in the South. 
 A Sketch of the Life and Professional Serv- 
 ices of Isaac Sams . . . , Cincinnati, 1880. 
 
 DOGGETT, LAWRENCE LOCKE (Dec. 22, 
 1864-Nov. 13, 1957), educator, was born 
 in Manchester, Iowa. He graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1886 and was active in 
 Y.M.C.A. work in Ohio until 1896, when 
 he became president of International 
 Y.M.C.A. College, Springfield, Mass., a 
 position he held until 1936. He published, 
 among other books, History of the Young 
 Men's Christian Association, 2 vols., New 
 York, 1896-1919. WW 25 
 
 DOHERTY, HENRY LATHAM (May 15, 
 1870-Dec. 26, 1939), engineer and finan- 
 cier, was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. Beginning as an office boy in the 
 Columbus Gas Company, he rose to chief 
 engineer, and after he came to the atten- 
 tion of New York bankers controlling the 
 firm his rise was rapid. In 1905 he formed 
 his own company to serve utility com- 
 panies, and in 1910 he organized Cities 
 Service. He wrote several technical papers, 
 but his most characteristic writings are in a 
 collection of his addresses and letters com- 
 piled by Glenn Marston: Principles and 
 Ideas for Doherty Men . . . , 6 vols., [New 
 York], 1923. DAB 22 
 
 DONAHEY, JAMES HARRISON (April 8, 
 1875-June 1, 1949), cartoonist on the 
 Cleveland Plain Dealer, brother of Vic and 
 William Donahey (qq.v.), was born in West 
 Chester, Tuscarawas County. He attended 
 the Cleveland School of Art. His books, 
 which consist largely of drawings, include 
 Romance of the Great Lakes, [Cleveland?, 
 1936?]. WWW 2 
 
 DONAHEY, MARY AUGUSTA DICKERSON 
 
 (Sept. 22, 1876- ), was born in New 
 York City. She lived in Ohio, 1876-92 and 
 1898-1914. From 1898 to 1905 she wrote 
 for the Cleveland Plain Dealer. In 1905 she 
 married William Donahey (q.v.). She now 
 lives in Chicago. She has compiled a cook- 
 book and written a number of stories for 
 young people, e.g., Marty Lu, New York, 
 1925. WWAW 1 
 
 
173 
 
 Donovan, J. W. 
 
 DONAHEY, VIC (July 7, 1873-April 8, 
 1946), political leader, brother of James 
 and William Donahey (qq.v.), was born in 
 West Chester, Tuscarawas County. After 
 serving in various local and county offices, 
 he was state auditor, 1912-20, served three 
 terms as governor, 1922-28, and served in 
 the U. S. Senate, 1935-41. His political 
 views are expressed in The Beak and Claws 
 of America, Waynesfield, [1931]. WWW 2 
 
 DONAHEY, WILLIAM (Oct. 19, 1883- ), 
 younger brother of Vic and James Donahey 
 (qq.v.), was born in West Chester, Tus- 
 carawas County. He studied at the Cleve- 
 land School of Art and in 1903 began 
 working on the Cleveland Plain Dealer. 
 His characters the Teeny Weenies were 
 enormously popular as a newspaper feature 
 and as the subject of a series of books, e.g., 
 Adventures of the Teeny Weenies, Chicago, 
 [1920]. WW 20 
 
 DONALDSON, THOMAS CORWIN (Dec. 
 
 27, 1843-Nov. 18, 1898), lawyer, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. He attended 
 Columbus public schools and Capital Uni- 
 versity. In the Civil War he served with 
 the 19th O.V.I, and the 199th Pa. V.I. He 
 was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1867 and 
 moved to Boise City, Idaho Territory, in 
 1869. He held a number of official posts 
 in Idaho before moving to Philadelphia in 
 1875. He wrote several reports, most of 
 them relating to land laws or Indian af- 
 fairs. In 1879 he discovered many of 
 George Catlin's Indian relics stored in Phil- 
 adelphia; he catalogued them and published 
 The George Catlin Indian Gallery in 1887. 
 The book was sponsored by the Smith- 
 sonian Institution and was printed by the 
 Government Printing Office. A mass of 
 manuscript relative to his six years in Idaho 
 was edited by his son, Thomas B. Donald- 
 son, and published in 1941. While living in 
 Philadelphia he was a friend of Walt Whit- 
 man and frequently called on Whitman at 
 his home in Camden, N. J. He kept notes 
 on their meetings, and his book contains 
 many personal touches describing Whitman 
 in his last years. In 1885 Donaldson raised 
 money to buy Whitman a phaeton, which 
 was manufactured especially for the poet 
 in Columbus. 
 
 Walt Whitman the Man, New York. 1896. 
 The House in Which Thomas Jefferson 
 Wrote the Declaration of Independence, 
 Philadelphia, 1898. 
 Idaho of Yesterday, (Thomas B. Donald- 
 son, ed.), Caldwell, Idaho, 1941. 
 
 DONAVIN, SIMPSON K. (1831-1902), jour- 
 nalist, was born in Shippensburg, Pa. In 
 
 1859 he was a reporter in Baltimore, Md., 
 and was one of the first reporters to reach 
 Harper's Ferry after John Brown's raid; 
 he also was present at Brown's execution. 
 In 1868 he came to Delaware, and he also 
 lived in Columbus. In 1883 he was made 
 editor of the Columbus Times. A friend of 
 Samuel J. Tilden, he was active in Demo- 
 cratic politics. Besides the title below, he 
 wrote at least two magazine articles on 
 John Brown that were also issued as pam- 
 phlets. He died in Columbus. 
 Where Will This Path Lead? . . . , Norwalk, 
 1898. 
 
 DONEY, CARL GREGG (July 24, 1867-Nov. 
 5, 1955), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. A graduate 
 of Ohio State University (B.Sc, 1891; 
 Ph.D., 1902), he was ordained to the 
 Methodist ministry in 1893 and served 
 churches in several Ohio communities and 
 in Washington, D. C. He was president of 
 West Virginia Wesleyan College, 1907-15, 
 and of Willamette University, 1915-34. He 
 wrote several books on religious themes, 
 e.g., God Answers Prayer, New York, 
 [1924]. WWW 3 
 
 DONNAVAN (DONOVAN), CORYDON 
 
 (c.1816-?), was born in Ohio. Left an 
 orphan at an early age, he learned the 
 printing trade in Cincinnati and in 1837 
 became an itinerant printer and newspaper- 
 man in the South. Returning to Cincinnati, 
 he bought and edited the Daily Morning 
 Message for a time and then moved to 
 Lafayette, Ind., where he established a 
 printing office and founded the Wabash 
 Standard in 1845. The next year he was 
 serving as clerk on the Ohio River steam- 
 boat Ontario when that vessel was sent to 
 the Gulf of Mexico to transfer troops from 
 the Brazos to Matamoros. While a member 
 of a small hunting party, he was captured 
 by Mexican irregulars in Oct., 1846. He es- 
 caped from the Mexicans and returned to 
 Cincinnati in the spring of 1847. His ad- 
 ventures in Mexico proved so successful 
 that he employed several artists to paint a 
 panorama of Mexico with which he toured 
 the country lecturing to large audiences and 
 selling many thousands of copies of his 
 graphic narrative. 
 
 Adventures in Mexico: Experiences during 
 a Captivity of Seven Months in the In- 
 terior . . . , Cincinnati, 1487 [1847]. 
 
 DONOVAN, CORYDON. See Corydon Don- 
 navan. 
 
 DONOVAN, JOSEPH WESLEY (March 2, 
 1839-June 17, 1933), lawyer and judge, 
 
Dornblaser, I. L. 
 
 174 
 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. After 
 attending Jonesville Academy, Hillsdale 
 College, and Ohio School of Law, he was 
 admitted to the bar in 1870. He practiced 
 in Detroit and also served as circuit court 
 judge, 1894-1912. He died in Detroit at 
 the age of 94. Besides the title below, he 
 published legal works and books on public 
 speaking. 
 Secrets of Success . . . , New York, [1887]. 
 
 DORNBLASER, IRENE LaWALL (May 30, 
 1882- ), missionary and teacher, was 
 born in Wheeling. W. Va. She graduated 
 from Wittenberg College and was a mis- 
 sionary-teacher in China for sixteen years. 
 Since retiring she has lived in Springfield. 
 Under the pen name Irene LaWall, she 
 published a study of youth under Hitler: 
 Land That I Love, Columbus, 1945. 
 
 DORNBLASER, THOMAS FRANKLIN (June 
 27, 1841-Dec. 22, 1941), clergyman, born 
 in Mackeyville, Pa., graduated from Wit- 
 tenberg College in 1871 and from the Sem- 
 inary in 1872. Ordained to the Lutheran 
 ministry, he served churches in Lucas, 
 1872-74, and Bucyrus, 1891-95, as well as 
 in Illinois and Kansas. He served with the 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry in the Civil War and 
 later published his memoirs: Sabre Strokes 
 of the Pennsylvania Dragoons . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1884. 
 
 DORR, NELL BECKER (Mrs. John Van 
 Nostrand) (Aug. 27, 1893- ), photogra- 
 pher, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County, and later lived in Massillon. She 
 learned the art of photography from her 
 father, John Jacob Becker. A resident of 
 New York City since 1933, she has ex- 
 hibited photographs in many cities and has 
 directed several documentary moving pic- 
 tures. Her books include In a Blue Moon, 
 New York, 1939. WW AW 1 
 
 DORSEY, GEORGE AMOS (Feb. 6, 1868- 
 March 29, 1931), anthropologist, was born 
 in Hebron, Licking County. He graduated 
 from Denison University in 1888 and Har- 
 vard University (Ph.D.) in 1894. He was 
 curator of the Field Museum of Natural 
 History, Chicago, and was on the staff of 
 Northwestern University and the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago. Besides technical books 
 and articles, he wrote several popular books 
 on science, e.g., Why We Behave like Hu- 
 man Beings, New York, 1925, and a novel, 
 Young Low, New York, [1917]. DAB 21 
 
 DOUD, HARRIET EBERLY (1841-Nov. 7, 
 1944), was born near Bowling Green, 
 Wood County. After attending a normal 
 
 school in Michigan, she taught school in 
 Warsaw, Ind., for a time before settling in 
 Norwalk in 1875. A book about pioneers 
 along the Portage River, which she had 
 written in 1893, was published in 1938, 
 when she was 97: Hoof-Beaten Trails, 
 [Binghamton, N. Y., 1938]. 
 
 DOUGLAS, LLOYD CASSEL (Aug. 27, 
 1877-Feb. 13, 1951), clergyman, was born 
 in Columbia City, Ind. After graduating 
 from Wittenberg College in 1900 and 
 Hamma Divinity School in 1903, he was 
 ordained to the Lutheran ministry. He later 
 became a Congregationalist, and in the last 
 years of his ministry served nondenomina- 
 tional churches. After completing his sem- 
 inary training, he lived in Ohio for two pe- 
 riods — as a Lutheran minister in Lancaster, 
 1905-08, and as a Congregational minister 
 in Akron, 1921-26. Perhaps the most pop- 
 ular religious writer America has known, he 
 consciously or unconsciously sensed the 
 temper of the public mind and produced 
 books that found millions of readers. His 
 first writing was nonfiction that reflects dis- 
 satisfaction with dogma and perhaps his 
 own struggle on changing his affiliation, 
 e.g.. Those Disturbing Miracles, New York, 
 1927. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, he 
 wrote several best-selling novels, e.g., Mag- 
 nificent Obsession, New York, 1929. These 
 he followed with historical novels dealing 
 with Biblical times, e.g., The Robe, Bos- 
 ton, 1942. WWW 3 
 
 DOUGLAS, MARY BUTLER (d. Jan. 9, 
 1858), was born in Onondaga County, 
 N. Y. Her father moved to Lancaster, Fair- 
 field County, where she met and married 
 Richard Douglas, a lawyer of Chillicothe. 
 The volume below was published under the 
 pseudonym "A Lady." 
 
 On the Conservative Elements of the Amer- 
 ican Republic, Chillicothe, 1842. 
 
 DOUGLASS, BEN (Aug. 13, 1836-July 24, 
 1909), lawyer, was born in Plain Township, 
 Wayne County. After attending Vermillion 
 Institute, Hayesville, he went to Cleveland 
 Law School, where he graduated in 1861. 
 He practiced law in Wooster, served in the 
 postmaster general's office, Washington, 
 D. C, and edited the Jacksonian in Woos- 
 ter. During the Presidential campaign of 
 1868, he was sent to California and Nevada 
 to speak in support of the Republican ticket. 
 (On the second book listed below, his last 
 name is spelled with one s.) 
 History of Wayne County . . . , Indianap- 
 olis, 1878. 
 History of the Lawyers of Wayne County 
 Ohio, from 1812 to 1900, Wooster, 1900. 
 
175 
 
 Doyle, E. A. 
 
 DOWD, QUINCY LAMARTINE (July 8, 
 1848-April 15, 1936), clergyman, was born 
 in Seville, Medina County. After graduating 
 from Oberlin College in 1870, he attended 
 Yale Divinity School. He was ordained to 
 the ministry, served churches in various 
 states, and died at Lombard, 111. His writ- 
 ings include Increasing Values in Jesus, Bos- 
 ton, 1925. WWNAA 7 
 
 DOWLER, BENNET (April 16, 1797-1879), 
 physician, was born in Ohio. In 1854 he 
 founded the Medical and Surgical Journal 
 in New Orleans. He was noted for his 
 experiments upon the human body soon 
 after death. He wrote a number of medical 
 articles and reports which are not listed be- 
 low. 
 Contributions to the Natural History of the 
 
 Alligator . . . , New Orleans, 1846. 
 Researches upon the Necropolis of New 
 
 Orleans . . . , New Orleans, 1850. 
 Experimental Researches, Illustrative of the 
 
 Functional Oneness, Unity, and Diffusion 
 
 of Nervous Action . . . , New Orleans, 
 
 [1851]. 
 Contributions to Experimental Physiology 
 
 . . . , New Orleans, 1852. 
 Tableaux of New Orleans, [New Orleans, 
 
 1853?]. 
 Tableaux of the Yellow Fever of 1853 . . . , 
 
 New Orleans, 1854. 
 Critical Researches in Medical Terminology 
 
 . . . , [New Orleans, 1858?]. 
 
 DOWLING, GEORGE THOMAS (June 2, 
 1849-1928), clergyman, was born in New 
 York City, the son of a Baptist clergyman. 
 After studying at the College of the City 
 of New York, he abandoned plans for the 
 ministry and entered business; a phrenolog- 
 ical reading, however, convinced him that 
 he should fulfill his parents' dreams. He 
 completed his education at Colgate Univer- 
 sity and Crozier Theological Seminary. 
 After successful pastorates in New Jersey, 
 Rhode Island, and Syracuse, N. Y., he was 
 called to Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, 
 Cleveland, where he served for twelve 
 years. In 1895 he became an Episcopal 
 priest and served churches in California 
 and in Brooklyn, N. Y. Other than sermons 
 his chief literary production was The 
 Wreckers, which was written to refute the 
 antilabor novel by John Hay (q.v.), The 
 Breadwinners. Dowling's book is prolabor 
 but idealistic and condescending. 
 The Wreckers. A Social Study, Philadelphia, 
 1886. 
 
 DOWLING, LEVI H. (May 18, 1844-Aug. 
 13, 1911), clergyman, was born in Bell- 
 
 ville, Richland County. A minister of the 
 Disciples of Christ Church at the age of 
 sixteen, he was a chaplain in the Civil War. 
 After the war he practiced medicine and 
 devoted himself to the cause of prohibition. 
 He compiled song books and wrote at least 
 one book: The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus 
 the Christ . . . , Los Angeles, 1908. 
 
 DOWNES, RANDOLPH CHANDLER (July 
 26, 1901- ), educator, born in South 
 Norwalk, Conn., has been in the history de- 
 partment, University of Toledo, since 1946. 
 He graduated from Dartmouth College in 
 1923 and Ohio State University (Ph.D.) in 
 1929. He has written a number of books 
 on Indians in Ohio and other historical sub- 
 jects, e.g., Council Fires on the Upper Ohio 
 . . . , [Pittsburgh], 1940. DAS 3 
 
 DOWNING, EDWARD COLLINS (Feb. 24, 
 1862-Sept. 18, 1948), educator, was born 
 in Wooster, Wayne County, and graduated 
 from University of Wooster in 1885. He 
 taught at Macalester College, 1891-1912, 
 and was also on the staff of Webb Pub- 
 lishing Co., St. Paul, Minn. Besides a Latin 
 textbook, he published a collection of 
 poems: Stairways of the Years, Minneap- 
 olis, 1946. 
 
 DOWNING, LAURA CASE (July 26, 1843- 
 Sept. 27, 1914), was born in Ohio, but 
 spent much of her life in Phoenix, Ariz., 
 where she served as a school principal and 
 as a librarian and became a very popular 
 clubwoman. She wrote Poem Pictures, Bos- 
 ton, 1904. 
 
 DOWNS, EDWARD (c.l829-March 15, 
 1884), was born in Ohio, probably in Mus- 
 kingum County. He enlisted as a captain in 
 the 20th O.V.I, in Oct., 1861, was pro- 
 moted to major, and was discharged be- 
 cause of illness on April 1, 1864. After the 
 war he was a minister in Iowa and Dakota 
 Territory. His book, which is an account 
 of C. L. Ruggles, a Northern agent, was 
 republished as The Great American Scout 
 and Spy in 1868 and as Perils of Scout 
 Life in 1873. 
 
 Four Years a Scout and Spy . . . , Zanes- 
 ville, 1866. 
 
 DOYLE, EDWIN ADAMS (Jan. 13, 1867- 
 Nov. 26, 1941), was born in Winchester, 
 Adams County, of a pioneer family. He at- 
 tended school in Winchester and for a time 
 edited the Winchester Visitor. His entire 
 life was spent in his native community. 
 Poems and Lyrics Relating to the Spanish 
 and Cuban War, Winchester, 1898. 
 
Doyle, J. H. 
 
 Phocion. A Dramatic Poem, and Other 
 Poems, Winchester, 1910. 
 
 Poems Descriptive, Narrative and Reflec- 
 tive . . . , Winchester, 1915. 
 
 Troezene: A Masque of the Gods . . . , Win- 
 chester, 1916. 
 
 War Pieces, Winchester, 1920. 
 
 Mariana: A Monologue, Boston, 1935. 
 
 Poems on Various Occasions, Boston, 1935. 
 
 DOYLE, JOHN HARDY (April 23, 1844- 
 March 24, 1919), lawyer and judge, was 
 born in Perry County. He attended Denison 
 University and was admitted to the bar in 
 1865. He practiced law in Toledo and 
 served as judge of common pleas court and 
 of the state supreme court. He wrote A 
 Story of Early Toledo . . . , Bowling Green, 
 [1919]. WWW 1 
 
 DOYLE, JOSEPH BEATTY (Sept. 10, 1849- 
 Dec. 12, 1927), lawyer and journalist, was 
 born in Steubenville, Jefferson County. He 
 attended Iron City Commercial College, 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., studied law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1870. He became city 
 editor of the Steubenville Daily News, 
 Sept. 11, 1871, and remained with that pa- 
 per and the Steubenville Herald as man- 
 aging editor until 1905. He was also li- 
 brarian of the Jefferson County Library. 
 His writings on historical subjects include 
 20th Century History of Steubenville and 
 Jefferson County, Ohio, and Representative 
 Citizens, Chicago, 1910. 
 
 DRAGO, HARRY SINCLAIR (March 20, 
 1888- ), was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County, where he attended public schools 
 and the University of Toledo and for a time 
 worked on a newspaper. He has lived for 
 a number of years in White Plains, N. Y. 
 He is a prolific author of adventure novels, 
 most of them Western stories. Some indi- 
 cation of his productivity can be found in 
 the fact that in one year (1950) he pub- 
 lished five novels: under the pen name of 
 Will Ermine, Apache Crossing, My Gun Is 
 My Law, and Watchdog of Thunder River, 
 and under the pen name of Bliss Lomax, 
 The Fight for the Sweetwater and The Law 
 Busters. He has also used as pen names 
 J. Wesley Putnam, Kirk Deming, Sinclair 
 Drago, and Stewart Cross. 
 
 DRAGO, SINCLAIR. Pseud. See Harry S. 
 Drago. 
 
 DRAKE, BENJAMIN (1795-April 1, 1841), 
 was born in Mayslick, Ky. In 1814 he 
 came to Cincinnati to work in a drugstore 
 owned by his elder brother, Daniel (q.v.). 
 
 176 
 
 He later was a partner in a dry goods store 
 operated by his father, Isaac Drake, but 
 financed by Daniel. He read law and after 
 the store failed he began practicing in Cin- 
 cinnati. He had already become known as a 
 writer for his contributions to the Cincin- 
 nati Literary Gazette. His "Bass-Island Cot- 
 tage" in the first issue (Jan. 1, 1824) is the 
 first Western short story. He helped estab- 
 lish the Cincinnati Chronicle and Literary 
 Gazette and edited it, 1826-34, with the as- 
 sistance of E. D. Mansfield (q.v.). He also 
 founded and edited The Western Agricul- 
 turist in 1830. Cincinnati in 1826 was re- 
 published in England and Germany and en- 
 couraged emigration to Cincinnati. The 
 pieces in Tales and Sketches of the Queen 
 City describe frontier life in realistic, vivid 
 detail and represent his major achievement 
 as a pioneer regional writer. 
 Cincinnati in 1826, (with E. D. Mansfield), 
 
 Cincinnati, 1827. 
 The Life and Adventures of Black Hawk 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1838. 
 Tales and Sketches of the Queen City, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1839. 
 Sketches of the Civil and Military Services 
 of William Henry Harrison, (with C. S. 
 Todd), Cincinnati, 1840. 
 Life of Tecumseh, and of His Brother the 
 Prophet . . . , Cincinnati, 1841. 
 
 DRAKE, CHARLES DANIEL (April 11, 
 181 1-April 1, 1892), son of Daniel Drake 
 (q.v.), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. From 1827 to 1830 he was a mid- 
 shipman in the navy. He was admitted to 
 the Ohio bar in 1833 and moved the fol- 
 lowing year to St. Louis, Mo., where he 
 practiced. He lived in Cincinnati again 
 from 1847 to 1850. He was active in Mis- 
 souri politics and was elected to the U. S. 
 Senate in 1867, where he allied himself 
 with extremists among the Radical Repub- 
 licans. He resigned from the Senate in 1870 
 to become chief justice of the U. S. Court 
 of Claims, where he served until 1885. He 
 published a number of separate speeches 
 and a legal treatise and edited autobio- 
 graphical letters written by his father: Pio- 
 neer Life in Kentucky. 
 
 Union and Anti-Slavery Speeches Delivered 
 during the Rebellion, Cincinnati, 1864. 
 
 DRAKE, DANIEL (Oct. 20, 1785-Nov. 5, 
 1852), physician, author, educator, philan- 
 thropist, and civic leader, was a native of 
 New Jersey but, by adoption, an Ohioan. 
 The second child of Isaac and Elizabeth 
 (Shotwell) Drake, he was born on a farm 
 now a part of Plainfield, N. J. When Daniel 
 was less than three years of age, his father 
 
 
177 
 
 Drake, D. 
 
 and his father's two brothers with their 
 families moved to Kentucky. Here the 
 Drakes founded the settlement of Mayslick. 
 Their homes were one-room log cabins with 
 single doors but without windows. Daniel's 
 early schooling was desultory. He was 
 taught in small, single-room log school- 
 houses by itinerant and poorly trained 
 teachers. At the age of fifteen with barely 
 more than a smattering of reading, writing, 
 and arithmetic, he was apprenticed as a stu- 
 dent of medicine to Dr. William Goforth 
 (1766-1817) of Cincinnati. Young Drake 
 was indefatigable and possessed an eager 
 mind with a retentive memory as is shown 
 by progress so rapid that his preceptor, 
 Dr. Goforth, took him into full partnership 
 at the end of four years. It was then that 
 Dr. Goforth gave his pupil a "diploma," the 
 first issued west of the Allegheny Moun- 
 tains, which attested to Drake's knowledge 
 of "physics, surgery and midwifery." A year 
 later (1805) Drake rode horseback over the 
 mountains and on to Philadelphia, where 
 he attended his first course of medical lec- 
 tures at the University of Pennsylvania. Re- 
 turning to Kentucky he practiced for a year 
 at Mayslick near his father's home. Here he 
 observed an epidemic, possibly typhoid 
 fever, the report of which represented his 
 first venture into the field of medical litera- 
 ture: Some Account of the Epidemic Dis- 
 eases Which Prevail at Mays-lick in Ken- 
 tucky. In 1807, Drake moved to Cincinnati, 
 which became his home for the remainder 
 of his life. Although occupied with a large 
 practice, he was constantly writing. The rar- 
 est of his publications, Notices Concerning 
 Cincinnati, published in 1810, dealt with 
 the topography, meteorology, botany, and 
 medical conditions found in the city and 
 described for the first time a hitherto 
 unknown local malady, "milk-sickness." 
 This book contained the first comprehensive 
 account of a Midwestern town and was 
 also the first with a medical section to be 
 published west of the Alleghenies. In 1812, 
 Drake led in the establishment of a public 
 library and of a Lancastrian seminary. He 
 was also instrumental in forming the 
 "School of Literature and Arts," before 
 which he delivered the presidential address 
 in 1814. This discourse, widely acclaimed, 
 was reprinted in The National Intelligencer 
 (Washington, D. C). Shortly before re- 
 turning to Philadelphia in 1815, to attend 
 a second course of lectures and to obtain 
 his medical degree, he completed a book 
 which gave him an international reputation: 
 Natural and Statistical View, or Picture of 
 Cincinnati and the Miami Country. When 
 the medical department of Transylvania 
 
 University at Lexington, Ky. — the first west 
 of the Allegheny Mountains — opened in 
 1817, Drake became professor of materia 
 medica and medical botany. He remained in 
 Lexington only one term. Returning to Cin- 
 cinnati, he inaugurated courses of medical 
 instruction which culminated in the incor- 
 poration (1819) of the Medical College of 
 Ohio, of which he was president. His im- 
 portant Inaugural Discourse on Medical 
 Education in 1820 received much laudatory 
 comment and has been reprinted (1951). 
 Dissension arose in the faculty, and Drake 
 was expelled by vote of those who owed 
 their positions to him. His description of 
 these events, A Narrative of the Rise and 
 Fall of the Medical College of Ohio (1822), 
 is a much sought-after item of medical 
 Americana. He taught at Transylvania Uni- 
 versity from 1823 to 1827 and then re- 
 turned to Cincinnati. Here, with Dr. Guy 
 W. Wright (d. 1831) he established The 
 Western Medical and Physical Journal, 
 Original and Eclectic. In this journal were 
 published his essays on medical education, 
 which have been termed "far and away, 
 the most important contributions ever made 
 to the subject in this country." These es- 
 says were first published in book form in 
 1832 and were reprinted in 1952. Ever in- 
 terested in the cause of temperance, Drake 
 delivered the first of his published addresses 
 on this subject in 1828: A Discourse on 
 Intemperance . . . Before the Agricultural 
 Society of Hamilton County. With the ap- 
 pearance of cholera in many parts of the 
 world in 1832, Drake began an exhaustive 
 investigation of the disease. This study cul- 
 minated in the publication of a book on the 
 sub.'ect: A Practical Treatise on the History, 
 Prevention, and Treatment of Epidemic 
 Cholera (1832). At the 45th anniversary 
 celebration of the founding of Cincinnati, 
 held Dec. 26, 1833. Dr. Drake in response 
 to a toast extolled the virtues of the buck- 
 eye and wove the history of the Ohio Valley 
 into his speech. He suggested that this was 
 a suitable emblematic tree for the state, 
 with the result that since that time Ohio 
 has been termed "the Buckeye State." Space 
 does not permit discussion of Dr. Drake's 
 various professorships, but it is important 
 to mention that he was the leader in the es- 
 tablishment of the medical department of 
 Cincinnati College (1835), which had the 
 most distinguished faculty ever assembled 
 in the West. At this time Drake's writings 
 were almost entirely confined to pamphlets 
 issued in reply to attacks made on him by 
 his enemies in the Medical College of Ohio. 
 He has been accused of quarrelsomeness, 
 but no record can be found of any con- 
 
Drake, D. 
 
 178 
 
 troversies in which he was the aggressor. 
 Once attacked, however, he showed no 
 quarter and argued so logically and often 
 so persistently that he was almost invariably 
 victorious. When the medical department of 
 Cincinnati College closed in 1839 because 
 of lack of endowment and hospital facili- 
 ties, Drake accepted the Chair of Clinical 
 Medicine and Pathological Anatomy in the 
 Louisville Medical Institute, now the School 
 of Medicine of the University of Louis- 
 ville. This chair had been especially created 
 in order to induce him to come to Louis- 
 ville. Here he was happy lecturing to the 
 largest classes of medical students that the 
 West had known until then. His profes- 
 sorial duties occupied about four months 
 of the year, and the remainder was spent 
 at his home in Cincinnati, where he was 
 engaged in writing, or in travel throughout 
 the Mississippi Valley for the purpose of 
 collecting facts to be included in a monu- 
 mental work on diseases of that region. 
 Drake's three earliest contributions to med- 
 ical literature constitute the germ plasm of 
 his later impressive volumes. It is evident 
 from the first announcement made in 1822 
 of his projected work that it was based 
 upon the broadest possible foundation, in- 
 cluding sociological studies in relation to 
 diseases as well as topographical, geolog- 
 ical, meteorological, and botanical relation- 
 ships. Despite wretched accommodations 
 and modes of travel, "in skiffs, on rail 
 roads, in stages, buggies, common wagons, 
 on horse back, mule back and on foot, by 
 day and by night . . . ," he covered fully 
 30,000 miles in quest of information. We 
 are fortunate in having accounts of many 
 of the places visited, since Drake embodied 
 some of his observations in editorials — 
 "Traveling Memoranda," "Traveling Edito- 
 rials" — which appeared in his medical jour- 
 nal. His alertness to every phase of human 
 activity is clearly revealed by these 25 let- 
 ters. Although hurriedly written, their flow- 
 ing style and clearness of presentation make 
 them models. While busily engaged in pre- 
 paring his book throughout the 1840s, 
 Drake wrote many scientific papers and ad- 
 dresses. During the winter of 1847 he wrote 
 a series of ten letters for his children in 
 which he graphically described his boyhood. 
 With some deletions by his son, Charles 
 D. Drake (q.v. ), these letters were pub- 
 lished in Cincinnati in 1870 with the title 
 Pioneer Life in Kentucky. These letters 
 were reprinted in 1907. Re-edited from the 
 original manuscript, they were again pub- 
 lished under the previous title in 1948. 
 Termed "the greatest of all Kentucky books," 
 it is a vivid portrayal of family, farm, and 
 
 social life in the frontier settlement of Mays- 
 lick. Against the background of a "forest- 
 born" democracy, we see, forged on the 
 anvil of necessity, the earliest form of in- 
 stitutions and traditions that we today take 
 for granted. Had Daniel Drake written 
 nothing else, his fame as a writer would be 
 secure. On April 24, 1850, in Cincinnati, 
 was published the first volume of a work 
 which was to make the name of Daniel 
 Drake immortal: A Systematic Treatise, His- 
 torical, Etiological and Practical, on the 
 Diseases of the Interior Valley of North 
 America as They Appear in the Caucasian, 
 African, Indian, and Esquimaux Varieties of 
 Its Population. This book was immediately 
 recognized as a classic, receiving enthusiastic 
 reviews not only in the United States but 
 also in England and on the Continent. Some 
 of the contemporary opinions are as fol- 
 lows; the book "belongs to the very high- 
 est rank of our medical literature, and may 
 probably come to be regarded as the most 
 original work published in America"; "the 
 contents of the book are so varied and ex- 
 tensive as to defy analysis"; "the profes- 
 sion are much indebted to Dr. Drake for 
 his indefatigable exertions in producing a 
 work of such magnitude and importance." 
 Recently a distinguished medical historian 
 (Garrison) stated that "there was nothing 
 like this book in literature" and another 
 equally famous medical historian (Sigerist) 
 called it "one of the greatest masterpieces 
 of medico-geographic research." The sec- 
 ond volume was published posthumously in 
 1854. Drake deplored slavery but at the 
 same time strongly disapproved of the ac- 
 tions of rabid abolitionists which he real- 
 ized would lead to sectional strife if they 
 continued. In an effort to alleviate the situa- 
 tion, he wrote three letters on slavery which 
 were published (April. 1851) in The Na- 
 tional Intelligencer (Washington, D. C). 
 In 1940 these remarkable letters were pub- 
 lished in book form. The last book pub- 
 lished during Drake's lifetime was Dis- 
 courses Delivered by Appointment, before 
 the Cincinnati Medical Library Association 
 (Cincinnati, 1852). These essays furnish an 
 interesting description of the physicians, 
 medical conditions, and medical journalism 
 found in early Cincinnati. Drake's total 
 extant writings — books, essays, editorials, 
 book reviews, etc. — amount to over 3,000 
 items. Only major works are listed below. 
 He continued to teach and to write until a 
 few days before his death. During the fu- 
 neral services in Cincinnati, Nov. 10, 1852. 
 all stores were closed, the streets silent, and 
 the mourners crowded into Christ Church, 
 where the Rev. Dudley A. Tyng (1825-58) 
 
179 
 
 DuBois, C. G. 
 
 closed his sermon with these words: "May 
 
 God in mercy grant that this death we so 
 
 much mourn may be the seed of Life to 
 
 many souls; and that all who feel his loss 
 
 may follow his example." 
 
 Emmet Field Horine 
 
 Notices Concerning Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 
 1810. 
 
 Natural and Statistical View, or Picture of 
 Cincinnati and the Miami Country . . . , 
 Cincinnati. 1815. 
 
 The People's Doctors; A Review by 'The 
 People's Friend' . . . , Cincinnati. 1829. 
 
 Practical Essays on Medical Education and 
 the Medical Profession in the United 
 States, Cincinnati. 1832. 
 
 A Practical Treatise on the History, Pre- 
 vention, and Treatment of Epidemic 
 Cholera .... Cincinnati. 1832. 
 
 Report on the Subject of the Education of 
 the Blind . . . , Columbus. 1835. 
 
 A Systematic Treatise, Historical, Etiologi- 
 cal and Practical, on the Principal Dis- 
 eases of the Interior Valley of North 
 America .... New York. 1850. 
 
 Discourses Delivered by Appointment be- 
 fore the Cincinnati Medical Library As- 
 sociation . . . , Cincinnati, 1852. 
 
 A Systematic Treatise .... 2nd series, Phila- 
 delphia, 1854. 
 
 Pioneer Life in Kentucky, (Charles D. 
 Drake, ed.), Cincinnati, 1870. 
 
 DRAKE, EMILY HOPKINS (May. 1877- 
 ). educator, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. After graduating from 
 Normal School. Fredonia. N. Y.. she taught 
 in the schools of Brooklyn, N. Y. Her writ- 
 ings include Natalie and the Breusters, Bos- 
 ton. [1931]. WWNAA 6 
 
 DRAKE, WILLIAM A. (Dec. 9. 1899- ), 
 was born in Dayton. Montgomery County. 
 He has worked on various newspapers and 
 was managing editor of Vanity Fair, 1922— 
 24. He has also been a writer for various 
 motion-picture companies in Hollywood and 
 still lives there. He has translated numerous 
 works by European authors and has written 
 Contemporary European Writers, New 
 York, 1928. WW 26 
 
 DRAPER, ANDREW SLOAN (June 21, 
 1848-April 27. 1913). educator and prolific 
 writer and lecturer on education, born in 
 Westford, N. Y.. was superintendent of 
 schools in Cleveland from 1892 to 1894. 
 Several of his addresses delivered during 
 this period were published. 
 
 DREES, CHARLES WILLIAM (Sept. 13, 
 1851-Aug. 31, 1926), missionary, was born 
 
 in Xenia, Greene County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1871 
 and the School of Theology, Boston Uni- 
 versity, in 1874. Immediately after his 
 graduation he was sent to Mexico as a 
 missionary. While on leave in 1877, he mar- 
 ried Ada M. Combs of Clermont County. 
 In 1887 he was sent to South America, 
 where he lived until his retirement in 1924. 
 His wife edited his letters from Mexico, 
 adding some biographical notes: Thirteen 
 Years in Mexico . . . , New York, [1915]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 DRENNAN, MARIE (Aug. 30, 1890-Nov. 4, 
 1950). educator, was born in Swanton, Ful- 
 ton County. After graduating from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1915, she began 
 teaching school: she taught English at Ohio 
 Wesleyan from 1917 until her death. She 
 published poetry and a pageant, The Age of 
 the Sun . . . , New York, 1928. BDCP 
 
 DRUKKER. SARA TORIAS (July 31. 1852- 
 March 4. 1914), born in New York City, 
 lived in St. Louis. Mo., and Cincinnati for 
 more than 25 years. She was active in civic 
 affairs. Using the pen names Edwina Rowe 
 and Alpha, she wrote for various periodi- 
 cals. A selection of her writings was pub- 
 lished by her four daughters: A Literary 
 Find, Philadelphia, 1914. 
 
 DRURY, AUGUSTUS WALDO (March 21, 
 1851-Feb. 18. 1935). clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Madison County, Ind. 
 In 1877 he graduated from Bonebrake 
 Theological Seminary. Dayton, and in 1880 
 he became a member of the faculty. He 
 was also a trustee of the United Brethren 
 Publishing House in Dayton. 
 Life of Rev. Philip William Otterbein . . . , 
 
 Dayton. 1884. 
 Life of Bishop J. J. Glossbrenner . . . , Day- 
 ton. 1889. 
 Disciplines of the United Brethren in Christ, 
 
 Dayton. 1895. 
 Baptism, Its Place in the Church Visible 
 
 .... Dayton. 1902. 
 History of the City of Dayton and Mont- 
 gomery County, 2 vols.. Chicago, 1909. 
 Outlines of Doctrinal Theology . . . , Day- 
 ton. 1914. 
 History of the Church of the United 
 
 Brethren in Christ, Dayton. 1924. 
 Otterbein Birthday Book, Dayton, [?]. 
 
 DuROIS, CONSTANCE GODDARD 
 
 (c. 1855-191 1 ? ), anthropologist, was born 
 in Zanesville. Muskingum County. She at- 
 tended Putnam Female Seminary. Although 
 she maintained a residence in Waterbury, 
 
DuBois, F. H. 
 
 180 
 
 Conn., she spent most of her mature years 
 in firsthand study of the Indians of Cali- 
 fornia, from whom her manifest sympathy 
 permitted her to learn things regarded as 
 sacred and almost never communicated by 
 them. She was one of the founders of the 
 American Anthropological Association. A 
 scholarly associate described her as an en- 
 lightened amateur untainted by academic 
 training, with instincts for strict scholarly 
 accuracy. She was on the staff of Out West 
 (Los Angeles) and was editor of the Asa 
 Gray Bulletin, 1893-1900. 
 Martha Corey; A Tale of the Salem Witch- 
 craft, Chicago, 1890. 
 Columbus and Beatriz: A Novel, Chicago, 
 
 1892. 
 A Modern Pagan; A Novel, New York, 
 
 [1895]. 
 A Soul in Bronze; A Novel of Southern 
 
 California, Chicago, 1900. 
 The Condition of the Mission Indians of 
 
 Southern California, Philadelphia, 1901. 
 The Religion of the Luiseho Indians of 
 
 Southern California, Berkeley, Calif., 
 
 [1908]. 
 
 Dubois, Frances hulme (Oct. 4, 1889- 
 
 ), was born in Madisonville, Hamilton 
 County. After graduating from Madison- 
 ville High School in 1906, she studied horti- 
 culture and landscape design at the Univer- 
 sity of Cincinnati. She was an active partner 
 in a landscape nursery business operated by 
 her family and also wrote a weekly garden 
 column for the Cincinnati Post for eighteen 
 years. With Gertrude DuBois she wrote 
 Peter and Penny Plant a Garden, New 
 York, 1936. 
 
 DUCDAME. Pseud. See Henry Hooper. 
 
 DUCKWORTH, SOPHIE HAGEMANN (Dec. 
 21, 1870-Dec. 13, 1951), was born in 
 Waverly, Pike County, the daughter of a 
 Lutheran minister. She attended Waverly 
 schools and after finishing high school 
 taught in Pike County rural schools. In 
 1900 she married James A. Duckworth, an 
 Englishman. She lived in England for a 
 time and later in Fort Thomas, Ky. While 
 living in Fort Thomas, she was a member 
 of the Cincinnati Woman's Press Club and 
 other literary groups. She published a ro- 
 mance in verse: The Love of Quintell . . . , 
 Boston, 1922. 
 
 DUDLEY, LUCY MAY BRONSON (May 1, 
 1848-May, 1920), was born in Peninsula, 
 Summit County, and attended the Episcopal 
 Female Seminary in Granville. She served 
 
 as organist of churches in Warren and 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Contributions to the Knowledge of the Sem- 
 ites, [n.p.], 1893. 
 Letters to Ruth, New York, [1896]. 
 A Royal Journey, New York, 1901. 
 "A Writer's Inkhorn," New York, 1910. 
 
 DUFF, MRS. DAVID. See Ethel H. Miller. 
 
 DUFF, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (Oct. 16, 
 1872-Oct. 7, 1950), journalist, was born in 
 Ashland, Ashland County. After attending 
 Wittenberg College and Ohio Wesleyan 
 University, he worked on newspapers in 
 Galion, Mansfield, Cleveland, and Sandusky. 
 He then bought a farm near Ashland and 
 edited the Ashland Times-Gazette. Besides 
 a play about Johnny Appleseed (1929), he 
 wrote History of North Central Ohio . . . , 
 Topeka, Kan., 1931. OBB 
 
 DUFFEE, MAY MARGARETTA, was born 
 in Washington Court House, Fayette 
 County, and has spent her entire life in 
 that community. For many years she as- 
 sisted her father, James W. Duffee, in the 
 operation of his store. She began writing 
 poems and songs in 1917 and has since 
 written more than 1,200 poems, which 
 have appeared in various periodicals and 
 anthologies. She has published several col- 
 lections of verse, e.g., Poems That Are Real, 
 That Appeal, That You Feel, [Washington 
 Court House], 1917. BDCP 
 
 DUFFY, HERBERT SMITH (Feb. 25, 1900- 
 Dec. 29, 1956), lawyer, was born in New 
 Lexington, Perry County, but grew up in 
 Columbus. After serving in the Naval Air 
 Service in World War I, he attended Ohio 
 State University and Dartmouth College. 
 He graduated from Harvard Law School 
 in 1924 and began practice in Cleveland 
 the same year. He served as attorney gen- 
 eral of Ohio, 1937-39 and 1949-51. From 
 1951 until his death he practiced in Colum- 
 bus. He wrote a biography: William Howard 
 Taft, New York, 1930. WWO 
 
 DUKE, JOHN KLINE (Aug. 20, 1844-Nov. 
 27, 1903), was born in Piketon, Pike 
 County. During the Civil War he served in 
 Company F, 53rd O.V.I. After the war he 
 taught school in Illinois for a year, and in 
 1866 he moved to Portsmouth, where he 
 worked in the First National Bank and 
 later was engaged in the insurance and real- 
 estate business. 
 History of the Fifty-Third Regiment Ohio 
 
 Volunteer Infantry . . . , Portsmouth, 
 
 1900. 
 
181 
 
 Dunbar, P. L. 
 
 DUKES, HARRIET ELIZARETH GROSS 
 
 (Aug. 11, 1855-June 21, 1939), was born 
 in Findlay, Hancock County. She was mar- 
 ried to P. C. Dukes and lived in Findlay. 
 Her poems appeared in Christian Witness, 
 the Findlay Morning Republican, and vari- 
 ous other periodicals. She published a col- 
 lection of verse: Sunlit Heights, Boston, 
 [1928]. 
 
 DULAC, GEORGE. Pseud. See George Perk- 
 ins. 
 
 DULL, PAUL PHELLIS (May 30, 1907- ), 
 lawyer and judge, was born in Celina, 
 Mercer County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1929, was in edu- 
 cational work, 1931-33, and graduated 
 from Ohio State University Law School in 
 1937. He began practice in Celina in 1937, 
 served in the U.S. Air Force, 1944-45, and 
 has been judge of common pleas court, 
 Mercer County, since 1947. He has pub- 
 lished at least three collections of verse, 
 e.g., Sprouts from a Small Potato, New 
 York, [1940]. WWMW 6 
 
 DULLES, FOSTER RHEA (Jan. 24, 1900- 
 ), educator, born in Englewood, N. J., 
 has been a member of the Ohio State Uni- 
 versity history faculty since 1941. He has 
 written numerous professional articles, sev- 
 eral books on American relations with the 
 Orient, and Lowered Boats; A Chronicle 
 of American Whaling, New York, [1923]. 
 WW 30 
 
 DUMOND, DWIGHT LOWELL (Aug. 27, 
 1895- ), educator, was born in King- 
 ston, Ross County. He graduated from 
 Baldwin-Wallace College in 1920 and the 
 University of Michigan (Ph.D.) in 1929. 
 He has been a member of the Michigan 
 history faculty since 1930. He has pub- 
 lished a history of the United States, profes- 
 sional articles, and a collection of lectures 
 first delivered at University College, Lon- 
 don: Antislavery Origins of the Civil War 
 in the United States, Ann Arbor, Mich., 
 1939. WW 30 
 
 DUMONT, JULIA LOUISE CORRY (Oct., 
 1794-Jan. 2, 1857), the earliest native 
 Ohioan whose writings have been preserved, 
 was born in Waterford, Washington County. 
 Her father was one of the first settlers at 
 Marietta in 1788. The family returned to 
 Rhode Island while she was a child. After 
 the death of her father her mother remar- 
 ried, and they moved to Saratoga County, 
 N. Y., where she attended Milton Academy, 
 taught school for several years, and mar- 
 
 ried John Dumont in Aug., 1812. The fol- 
 lowing October the young couple moved to 
 Cincinnati, where they lived until March, 
 1814, when they settled in Vevay, Ind. Mrs. 
 Dumont resumed teaching in 1820; among 
 her students were Edward and George C. 
 Eggleston, both of whom paid her high 
 tribute in their writings. Her literary repu- 
 tation is based upon her short stories and 
 poems, most of which were contributed to 
 Cincinnati, periodicals — the Cincinnati Liter- 
 ary Gazette, Cincinnati Mirror, Western 
 Literary Journal, and Ladies' Repository. 
 Her "Theodore Harland" was the prize- 
 winning story in a contest conducted by the 
 Cincinnati Chronicle in 1827. "Ashton 
 Grey" and other short stories, contributed 
 to the Western Literary Journal and the 
 Ladies' Repository, were collected and pub- 
 lished in 1856. No collection of her verse 
 was ever published, though some of her 
 poems achieved great popularity. 
 Life Sketches from Common Paths: A Series 
 of American Tales, New York, 1856. 
 
 DUN, JOHN DAVIS (Oct. 10, 1891- ), 
 journalist, was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. In his early teens he joined the 
 staff of the Columbus Citizen and worked 
 on that newspaper while attending high 
 school and Ohio State University. After 
 graduating in 1914 he joined the Toledo 
 Times and edited that newspaper, 1918-39. 
 During World War II he was an ambulance 
 driver in the American Field Service at- 
 tached to the French Foreign Legion in 
 North Africa. After his retirement he moved 
 to Tucson, Ariz., and since 1950 he has 
 lived in La Jolla, Calif. He published 
 Eleven Stories . . . , East Aurora, N. Y., 
 [1938]. WW 16 
 
 DUNBAR, PAUL LAURENCE (June 27, 
 1872-Feb. 10, 1906), poet, was born in 
 Dayton, Montgomery County, and spent 
 most of his short lifetime in that community. 
 The first twenty years sped by for him much 
 as for any boy, white or black, in a typical 
 Midwestern small town. His first four adult 
 years stretched out discouragingly as he 
 struggled to make a living, find himself, 
 realize his well-defined ideals and hopes 
 and aims. The last ten saw recognition in 
 good measure, but an uphill fight on a rocky 
 road as he strove to keep mind and body 
 fit for the steady and welcome market de- 
 mand on his pen. From boyhood days he 
 had the divine afflatus of the poet, the con- 
 stant urge to find listeners to his message — 
 all this alongside the mental reactions of 
 his race. Early in his twenties he wrote to a 
 friend, "I did once want to be a lawyer, 
 
Dunbar, P. L. 
 
 182 
 
 but that ambition has long since died out 
 before the all-absorbing desire to be a 
 worthy singer of the songs of God and na- 
 ture. To be able to interpret my own people 
 through song and story, and to prove to 
 them that after all we are more human than 
 African." A singer first, he was an inter- 
 preter of his people next — always a message- 
 bearer, a poet, a creator in the Greek sense. 
 I remember speaking to him once about the 
 rhythm and cadence in one of his poems. 
 Sharp and prompt came his comment: "Yes, 
 all right, but I surely hope and trust you 
 find it something more than just that!" A 
 poet, no mere rhymester. Both of Paul L. 
 Dunbar's parents had been slaves in Ken- 
 tucky, owned by different masters. His fa- 
 ther, Joshua, born in 1816, had escaped to 
 Canada. He came back to enlist in 1863 in 
 Company F, 55th Massachusetts; was dis- 
 charged Oct. 28, 1863, because of injuries; 
 re-enlisted Jan. 9, 1864, in the 5th Massa- 
 chusetts Cavalry as a sergeant; and was 
 discharged Oct. 31, 1865. He settled in 
 Dayton, worked as a plasterer, and in 1871 
 married Matilda J. Murphy (born Borton 
 in 1845). Matilda had then two sons by an 
 earlier marriage. She had come to Dayton 
 to work as a laundress. Joshua entered the 
 Soldiers' Home near Dayton in 1882 and 
 died there Aug. 16, 1885. Matilda survived 
 Paul, dying Feb. 24, 1934, in the home he 
 had provided for her. Paul went through 
 school in due course, graduating in 1891 
 from Central High School. He wrote the 
 class poem; was president of the boys' de- 
 bating society, the Philomathean; and was 
 editor of the High School Times, the stu- 
 dents' monthly magazine. With high school 
 days finished and no prospect of college, 
 he spent his next four years in search of 
 work. He worked as an elevator man in the 
 Callahan office bulding and as a judge's 
 messenger in the county court house. Day's 
 work came first, of course, but with it then, 
 as ever, was the constant drive for self- 
 expression. Newspapers printed a poem now 
 and then, but pay was scant. At his own 
 expense he printed in Dayton a book of 
 poems, Oak and Ivy, dated 1893 but off the 
 press late in 1892. Thanks to the interest of 
 Dayton friends he gave readings before such 
 groups as the Western Association of 
 Writers in Dayton and elsewhere in Ohio, 
 Michigan, and Indiana. A Toledo friend 
 not only arranged for readings in that city, 
 but also helped print Majors and Minors, 
 another collection of poems, in 1895. This 
 friend gave a copy of the book to James 
 A. Heme when he was playing in his Shore 
 Acres in Toledo. Heme sent the copy to 
 William Dean Howells. This kindly soul 
 
 and acute critic, possibly mindful of his 
 own days in Hamilton and Columbus, re- 
 viewed the book in Harper's Weekly, 
 June 27, 1896, warm in praise of "this un- 
 known but not ungifted poet." Introduction 
 like that brought prompt results, setting 
 Dunbar for the rest of his life in the public 
 eye with the natural satisfactions and 
 troubles. Lyrics from Lowly Life came out 
 in 1896 with an introduction by Howells. 
 Chapman and Hall brought out an English 
 edition in 1897. Demand for copy, prose 
 or poetry, came quickly, with of course the 
 drain on nerves and physique. Eighteen vol- 
 umes of poetry and fiction came from his 
 pen before death laid its hand on him. Six 
 volumes were published after his death. 
 Hundreds of separate poems, short stories, 
 and articles stand to his credit. His songs 
 were set to music; his contributions to dra- 
 matic sketches and similar pieces number 
 several score. After 1896 he lived mainly 
 in New York and Washington, D. C, the 
 latter residence beginning with his appoint- 
 ment Sept. 20, 1897, to the staff of the 
 Library of Congress, where he served as 
 reading room assistant and stack deck at- 
 tendant until 1898. On March 6, 1898, he 
 married in New York City Alice Ruth 
 Moore of New Orleans and Boston. They 
 separated in 1902. Early in the 1900s tuber- 
 culosis set in. He vainly hunted for relief 
 in the Catskills, in the Rockies, and else- 
 where — all to no avail. He spent his last 
 three years with his mother in Dayton in 
 the house he had bought at 219 North Sum- 
 mit Street. Three years after his death, on 
 the anniversary of his birth, his grave in 
 Woodland Cemetery was marked by a gran- 
 ite memorial set there by public subscrip- 
 tion led by the Dunbar Memorial Associa- 
 tion. His home was bought by the State of 
 Ohio in 1936 as a historical memorial, and 
 since then it has been maintained and ad- 
 ministered by the Ohio State Historical So- 
 ciety and has been kept in much the same 
 condition as when the poet died. Paul L. 
 Dunbar stood about five feet, nine inches 
 tall. Rather slight, he weighed perhaps 140 
 pounds. He had a nervous and responsive 
 temperament, was kindly in nature, quick 
 to anger or to pleasure, but held no resent- 
 ments. Heights of joy alternated with depths 
 of despondency. Hungry for friends, he de- 
 lighted in companionship. He might have 
 agreed that in the abstract a peaceful soli- 
 tude invited poetic joy, but he would never 
 have thought of seeking that solitude as a 
 pioneer in unexplored territory. Thoroughly 
 happy in urban life and sights and sounds, 
 he was an equally keen observer and de- 
 lighter in all forms of outdoor life and 
 
183 
 
 Dundass 
 
 scenery at a comfortable distance. Once he 
 said he would like to be a farmer, but his 
 was certainly not the temperament for the 
 routine and exacting demands on the pa- 
 tience and persistence of the farmer. His 
 poetry is essentially of his own day and 
 generation. It is sentimental, rhymed, emo- 
 tional but never mawkish. It would find no 
 place in our present annual "Poetry 
 Awards." He was none the less a poet first 
 and foremost, a Negro poet, eager to set 
 forth the varied emotions of his race. In 
 that respect he is unquestionably the first 
 of our Negro writers as to the time he 
 played his role, also the first with any ap- 
 preciable output of lasting literary quality. 
 Aside from race or color it is Time that 
 will settle his place in our American litera- 
 ture. 
 
 Harry M. Lydenberg 
 Lyrics of Lowly Life, New York. 1896. 
 Folks from Dixie, New York, 1898. 
 The Uncalled, a Novel, New York, 1898. 
 Lyrics of the Hearthside, New York, 1899. 
 Poems of Cabin and Field . . . , New York, 
 
 1899. 
 The Love of Landry, New York, [1900]. 
 The Strength of Gideon, and Other Stories, 
 
 New York, 1900. 
 Uncle Eph's Christmas; A One Act Negro 
 
 Musical Sketch, [n.p.], 1900. 
 Candle-Lightin' Time, New York, 1901. 
 The Fanatics, New York, 1901. 
 The Sport of the Gods, New York, 1902. 
 In Old Plantation Days, New York, 1903. 
 Lyrics of Love and Laughter, New York, 
 
 1903. 
 When Malindy Sings, New York, 1903. 
 The Heart of Happy Hollow, New York, 
 
 1904. 
 Li 1 1 Gal, New York, 1904. 
 Howdy, Honey, Howdy, New York, 1905. 
 Lyrics of Sunshine and Shadow, New York, 
 
 1905. 
 Joggin' Erlong, New York, 1906. 
 The Life and Works of Paul Laurence Dun- 
 bar . . . , (Lida Keck Wiggins, ed.), 
 
 Naperville, 111., [1907]. 
 The Complete Poems . . . , New York, 
 
 1913. 
 Speakin' o' Christmas, and Other Christmas 
 
 and Special Poems, New York, 1914. 
 
 DUNBAR, SEYMOUR (1866-April 18. 1947), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 After attending high school in Terre Haute. 
 Ind., he worked on the Cincinnati Post and 
 newspapers in St. Louis and New York 
 City. He soon retired from journalism, 
 however, to devote himself to historical re- 
 search. In 1921 he identified the Fort Sutter 
 papers covering the Bear Flag revolt in 
 
 1846; he edited them in 39 volumes. He 
 spent more than twenty years on his monu- 
 mental work, A History of Travel in Amer- 
 ica ..., A vols., Indianapolis, [1915]. 
 
 DUNCAN, JOHN ALLISON (Dec. 20, 1903- 
 ), lawyer, was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. He graduated from Princeton 
 University in 1925 and Western Reserve 
 Law School in 1929. He has since practiced 
 in Cleveland. He wrote, illustrated, and 
 published privately a collection of legal 
 oddities: In the Name of the Law!, [Cleve- 
 land, 1937]. 
 
 DUNCAN, JOHN BROWN (Jan. 16, 1883- 
 Dec. 26, 1945), born in Brigdon, Ontario, 
 Canada, was reared in Detroit. He lived in 
 Toledo, 1942—45, while working with the 
 procurement division of the Air Force; dur- 
 ing his Ohio residence he published a novel: 
 Heather Heritage, New York, [1943]. 
 
 DUNCAN, MARION HERBERT (Jan. 17, 
 1896- ), was born in Celina, Mercer 
 County. He graduated from Hiram College 
 in 1918. He served in Tibet as a missionary, 
 1921-34, and was a member of the second 
 Brooke Dolan expedition to eastern Tibet, 
 1934-36. Now a resident of Alexandria, 
 Va., he has served various governmental 
 agencies as a consultant on the Far East 
 and was stationed in Japan, 1947-51 and 
 1955. He has written articles and books on 
 Tibet, e.g., The Mountain of Silver Snow, 
 Cincinnati, [1929]. 
 
 DUNCAN, NORMAN (July 2, 1871-Oct. 18, 
 
 1916), author of children's stories and 
 travel books, was born in Brantford, On- 
 tario, Canada, and spent his last years in 
 Willoughby, Lake County. He is best known 
 for Doctor Luke of the Labrador, [New 
 York, 1904]. WWW 1 
 
 DUNCAN, WALTER WOFFORD TUCKER 
 
 (Oct. 29, 1869-Aug. 2. 1945), clergyman, 
 was born in New Brunswick, Canada. He 
 came to the United States in 1887, was or- 
 dained to the Methodist ministry in 1900, 
 and. after serving churches in various states, 
 became pastor of Lakewood Methodist 
 Church, Cleveland, in 1931. He was an 
 Ohio resident for the remainder of his life. 
 He published sermons and The Preacher 
 and Politics . . . , New York, [1930]. WWW 
 2 
 
 DUNDASS, SAMUEL RUTHERFORD (June 
 30, 1820-Oct. 6, 1850), was born in Jeffer- 
 son County. On March 24, 1849, the Steu- 
 benville Company, a hopeful band of sixty 
 
Dunham 
 
 184 
 
 persons, set out for the Promised Land in 
 California. At the Kansas River the large 
 company broke up into groups of ten, and 
 Dundass with a few companions went on 
 independently from this point. There were 
 no particularly dramatic adventures, and 
 perhaps their desperate stages of a few 
 miles a day — from one waterhole to the 
 next — were commonplace experiences, but 
 nowhere are such experiences recorded with 
 greater fidelity than in Dundass' very full 
 journal, which he kept from day to day. 
 Arriving in California and finding little 
 gold, he moved on to San Francisco, Nov. 
 15, 1849, where he became Inspector of the 
 Port, at which point his journal ends. He 
 died in Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Journal of Samuel Rutherford Dundass . . . , 
 Steubenville, 1857. 
 
 DUNHAM, CHESTER FORRESTER (May 
 19, 1891-Feb. 22, 1959), clergyman, lec- 
 turer, and art collector, was born in Chi- 
 cago, 111. He attended Yale University, 
 Oberlin College, and the University of Chi- 
 cago. Except for an interval devoted to 
 graduate study, he was pastor of Park Con- 
 gregational Church, Toledo, 1928-52, and 
 after his retirement he continued to live in 
 that city. He published Christianity in a 
 World of Science, New York, 1930. 
 
 DUNLAP, E. K. (1853-1885), was born in 
 Cedarville, Greene County, and attended 
 school there. As a young man he went to 
 California, where he lived until 1884, when 
 he returned to Cedarville. He died the fol- 
 lowing year and is buried in Cincinnati. 
 His only known publication is an account of 
 the vicissitudes of a legless veteran. It was 
 published in pamphlet form by a G.A.R. 
 post. 
 Corporal John, [San Jose, Calif.?, 1879?]. 
 
 DUNLAP, MAURICE PRATT (Dec. 9, 1882- 
 ), journalist and diplomat, was born in 
 Toledo, Lucas County. His family moved to 
 St. Paul, Minn., around 1890. He graduated 
 from Princeton University in 1912. After 
 several years in editorial work, he entered 
 the diplomatic service and between 1915 
 and 1942 served in American consulates in 
 various cities. He now lives in Dell Rapids, 
 S. Dak. He has published numerous articles, 
 has also lectured on Norse civilization, the 
 subject of his book Stories of the Vikings, 
 Indianapolis, [1923]. WW 26 
 
 DUNLEVY, ANTHONY HOWARD (Dec. 21, 
 1793-Dec. 1, 1881), lawyer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, but lived in 
 
 Lebanon, Warren County, from 1797 until 
 his death. Interested in local history, he 
 wrote articles for the Western Star and 
 other newspapers. 
 
 History of the Miami Baptist Association 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1869. 
 
 DUNLEVY, JOHN (1769-Sept. 16, 1826), 
 clergyman, was born near Winchester, Va. 
 His parents moved to Washington, Pa., in 
 the same year. He went to Kentucky, where 
 he taught school and was ordained to the 
 Presbyterian ministry in 1797. In 1800 he 
 became minister of the Presbyterian Church 
 at Eagle Creek, Adams County. After he 
 was converted to Shakerism by Richard 
 McNemar (q.v.) in 1806, most of his con- 
 gregation followed him into the Shaker 
 faith. He died at West Union, Ind., while 
 visiting the Shaker community there. 
 A Manifesto, or a Declaration of the Doc- 
 trines and Practice of the Church of 
 Christ, Pleasant Hill, Ky., 1818. 
 
 DUNN, WALDO HILARY (Oct. 4, 1882- 
 ), educator, was born in Rutland, 
 Meigs County. He graduated from Yale 
 University in 1906. From 1907 to 1934 he 
 was a member of the English department, 
 College of Wooster, and from 1934 to 
 1952 he was on the faculty of Scripps Col- 
 lege, Claremont, Calif. His residence now 
 is Wooster. He has written a number of 
 biographies and scholarly studies, and The 
 Vanished Empire, a Tale of the Mound 
 Builders, Cincinnati, 1904. WW 30 
 
 DUNNE, GERALD W. E. (Nov. 9, 1886- 
 Jan. 29, 1953), clergyman, was born in 
 Lima, Allen County. After graduating from 
 the University of Dayton in 1916 and 
 
 Mount St. Mary's of the West Seminary, 
 Cincinnati, in 1922, he was ordained to the 
 Roman Catholic priesthood. He was a 
 teacher at Central Catholic High School, 
 Toledo, 1923-52. He published four books 
 of verse, e.g., Songsmith, Toledo, 1935. 
 CWW 9 
 
 DUNTON, JAMES GERALD (Nov. 10. 1899- 
 ), was born in Circleville, Pickaway 
 County. He was an ambulance driver in 
 World War I and graduated from Harvard 
 University in 1923. He taught school for 
 a time, then did editorial work and free- 
 lance writing. He served in the army, 1942- 
 55, and since 1957 has been Director of 
 Office of Public Services, Department of 
 Defense. He has published numerous ar- 
 ticles and books, including a novel, Wild 
 Asses, Boston, [1925]. WW 28 
 
185 
 
 Dykstra, C. A. 
 
 DURHAM, E. SAMUEL (Aug. 3, 1853-July 
 30, 1944), was born near Newtown, Hamil- 
 ton County. He was employed in Cincin- 
 nati as a streetcar conductor and was active 
 in the I.O.O.F. lodge. The volume below 
 was prepared at the request of his family. 
 He died in Cincinnati. 
 
 The Pioneer Settlers of the Lower Little 
 Miami Valley, [n.p., 1897?]. 
 
 DUSTIN, CHARLES. Pseud. See John U. 
 Giesy. 
 
 DUTCHER, ADDISON PORTER (Oct. 11, 
 1818-Jan. 30, 1884), physician and lec- 
 turer, was born in Durham, N. Y. He was 
 educated in the school of Benjamin Romaine, 
 where Washington Irving had also been a 
 pupil. In 1839 he was granted an M.D. de- 
 gree by the New York College of Physiol- 
 ogy and Surgery. After practicing in New 
 York and Pennsylvania, he accepted the 
 chair of Principles and Practices of Medi- 
 cine at Charity Hospital Medical School, 
 Cleveland. He taught and practiced medi- 
 cine in Cleveland for the remainder of his 
 life. He was a prolific writer on medical 
 subjects. He also wrote and lectured on 
 abolition of slavery and on temperance. 
 Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Its Pathology, Na- 
 ture, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Prognosis, 
 Causes, Hygiene, and Medical Treatment, 
 Philadelphia, 1875. 
 Sparks from the Forge of a Rough Thinker, 
 
 Cleveland, 1880. 
 Two Voyages to Europe, Cleveland, 1884. 
 
 DUVALL, TRUMBULL GILLETTE (March 
 20, 1861-May 9, 1951), educator, was 
 born in Indianapolis, Ind. He graduated 
 from DePauw University in 1888 and the 
 School of Theology, Boston University, in 
 1889. He studied in Germany, 1890-92, and 
 after three years at DePauw he joined the 
 faculty of Ohio Wesleyan University. After 
 his retirement he continued to live in Del- 
 aware until his death. He wrote Great 
 Thinkers; The Quest of Life for its Mean- 
 ing, New York, 1937. WW 21 
 
 DWIGGINS, WILLIAM ADDISON (June 19, 
 1880-Dec. 25, 1956), book designer, was 
 born in Martinsville, Clinton County. After 
 studying art in Chicago, he settled in Hing- 
 ham, Mass., which remained his home for 
 the rest of his life. Until the end of the 
 1920s he worked mostly in advertising. He 
 began designing books for Alfred A. Knopf, 
 Inc., and was also associated with Mergen- 
 thaler Linotype Company. A prolific pam- 
 phleteer, he wrote many discussions of ad- 
 vertising and typography, some under the 
 
 pen name Hermann Piiterschein, e.g., Par- 
 aphs, New York, 1928. WWW 3 
 
 DYAR, MURIEL CAMPBELL (Dec. 31, 
 1876- ), was born in Marietta, Wash- 
 ington County. She graduated from Mari- 
 etta College in 1899. In 1915 she moved to 
 California, where her residence now is El 
 Cajon. She wrote stories for Harper's and 
 published Davie and Elizabeth, Wonderful 
 Adventures, New York, 1908. 
 
 DYER, ADA MAY (Mrs. Amos) (April 18, 
 1876- ), educator, was born in Winter- 
 port, Maine. In 1915 she came to Colum- 
 bus, where she taught in public schools and 
 conducted a piano school. She is still living 
 in Columbus. Besides composing music, she 
 has published a volume of poems: Echoes 
 from Forestside, Columbus, [1949]. 
 
 DYER, JOHN LEWIS (March 16, 1812- 
 June 16, 1901), clergyman, was born in 
 Franklin County. After being converted to 
 Methodism in 1830, he became a zealous 
 religious worker. He began preaching in 
 Wisconsin in 1849. One of the last of the 
 great circuit riders of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, he became an integral part 
 of the westward-moving frontier. The year 
 1861 found him at Denver, determined to 
 go to the mining camps in the mountains. 
 Oro, Buckskin Joe, Fairplay, Cache Creek, 
 California Gulch — no camp was too rough 
 or too remote for Dyer. He earned his living 
 carrying the mails across the mountains, 
 often traveling on a pair of homemade skis 
 which he called snowshoes. He labored for 
 many years, extending his circuit into New 
 Mexico. His Snow-shoe Itinerant is an un- 
 pretentious, factual account of his experi- 
 ences. After retiring in 1889, he lived with 
 his daughter, Mrs. Abbie Streeter, in Den- 
 ver until his death. He was affectionately 
 known as "Father Dyer" in the rough min- 
 ing camps of Colorado. 
 The Snow-shoe Itinerant. An Autobiography 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1891. 
 
 DYKSTRA, CLARENCE ADDISON (Feb. 
 25, 1883-May 6, 1950), educator, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. After 
 graduating from the University of Iowa in 
 1903, he did graduate work at the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago. He taught at Ohio State 
 University, 1907-09, and the University of 
 Kansas, 1909-18. He was executive secre- 
 tary of the Cleveland Civic League, 1918— 
 20, held similar posts in other cities, and 
 was city manager of Cincinnati, 1930-37. 
 He was president of the University of Wis- 
 consin, 1937-45, and provost of the Uni- 
 
Dykstra, G. O. 
 
 186 
 
 versity of California, 1945-50. Several of 
 his addresses were published separately, and 
 he also wrote a pamphlet, Lip Service or 
 Civil Service?, [Chicago], 1936. WWW 3 
 
 DYKSTRA, GERALD OSCAR (May 13, 
 1906- ), educator, was born in Allegan, 
 Mich., and was educated at the University 
 
 of Michigan. He practiced law in Cleveland, 
 1930-35, and was a member of the faculty 
 at Ohio University, 1936-50. Since 1950 
 he has been professor of business law at 
 the University of Michigan. He has pub- 
 lished textbooks and articles, e.g., A Be- 
 lated Rebuttal on Russia, Allegan, Mich., 
 [1928]. WW 28 
 
 E 
 
 EAGLESON, HODGE MacILVAIN (June 11, 
 1895- ), clergyman, was born in Cam- 
 bridge. Guernsey County, the son of a 
 Presbyterian minister. After graduating 
 from Ohio State University in 1916, he 
 was ordained to the Methodist ministry; he 
 has preached in British Columbia and 
 California and is now a pastor in Pittsburgh. 
 Pa. He has published an autobiographical 
 volume: Laughing into Glory, New York, 
 [1947]. 
 
 EAKES, MILDRED (Jan. 13, 1894- ), 
 educator, was born in Oxford, Ga. She 
 graduated from LaGrange College in 1913 
 and Cincinnati Conservatory of Music in 
 1926. She was a music supervisor, choir 
 director, and organist in the South until 
 1925, when she moved to Cincinnati, where 
 she served on the Conservatory faculty. In 
 1951 she retired, and she now lives in De- 
 catur, Ga. She has published a collection 
 of poems: Women Are That Way, New 
 York, [1950]. 
 
 EALY, LAWRENCE ORR (Sept. 17, 1915- 
 ), lawyer and educator, was born in 
 Ocean City, N. J., but his family moved to 
 Steubenville in 1920. He graduated from 
 Temple University in 1934 and the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania (LL.B.. 1937; 
 Ph.D., 1947). He practiced law in Steuben- 
 ville, 1937-40, served in the navy during 
 World War II, has taught at Temple and 
 Rutgers Universities, and is now provost of 
 Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Gen- 
 eva, N. Y. He has written several articles 
 on Latin America and a historical novel: 
 Under the Puppet's Crown, Boston, 1939. 
 DAS 3 
 
 EARHART, WILL (April 1, 1871-April 23, 
 1960), educator, was born in Franklin, 
 Warren County. He taught music in Rich- 
 mond, Ind., 1900-12. and was director of 
 music in the schools of Pittsburgh. Pa., 
 1912-40. He also lectured at the Univer- 
 
 sity of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Institute of 
 Technology. His death occurred in Port- 
 land. Oreg. He wrote many articles on 
 music education, textbooks, and several 
 books on music, e.g.. Music to the Listening 
 Ear, New York, [1932]. DAS 2 
 
 EASTMAN, EPHRAIM RICHARD (May 6, 
 
 1854-Feb. 14, 1931), lawyer, was born in 
 Woodstock, Champaign County. He attend- 
 ed school in Union County, studied lan- 
 guages, and read law. After teaching school 
 from 1872 to 1883, he began the practice 
 of law, and lived in Ottawa. He published 
 Eastman's Poems, Original and Translated, 
 Toledo, 1902. OBB 
 
 EASTMAN, FRED (July 11, 1886- ), 
 clergyman, was born in Lima, Allen County. 
 After graduating from University of 
 Wooster in 1908 and Union Theological 
 Seminary in 1911, he was ordained to the 
 Presbyterian ministry. He served a church 
 in Locust Valley, N. Y., 1912-17, and was 
 in educational and editorial work for the 
 American Red Cross and the Presbyterian 
 Church, 1917-26. His writings include nu- 
 merous magazine articles, plays, pageants 
 (some published under the pen name Richard 
 Morse), and Unfinished Business of the 
 Presbyterian Church in America, [Phila- 
 delphia, 1921]. WW 30 
 
 EASTMAN, LINDA ANNE (July 17. 1867- 
 ), librarian, was born in Oberlin, Lor- 
 ain County, and attended Oberlin College. 
 She taught in the Cleveland schools, 1885- 
 92, and joined the staff of the Cleveland 
 Public Library in 1892. Except for a year 
 at the Dayton Public Library (1895-96), 
 she remained on the Cleveland library staff 
 until her retirement in 1938. She was head 
 librarian, 1918-38. Besides professional ar- 
 ticles, she published Portrait of a Librarian. 
 William Howard Brett, Chicago, 1940. WW 
 26 
 
187 
 
 Edgerton, James A. 
 
 EATON, JEANNETTE (Nov. 30, 1886- ), 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County. 
 She graduated from Vassar College and 
 did graduate work at Ohio State University, 
 earning an M.A. degree in 1911. She has 
 worked on nation-wide educational sur- 
 veys and has written for several major 
 magazines. She has published a number of 
 books, largely biographies for young 
 readers, e.g., Young Lafayette, New York, 
 1932. WW AW 1 
 
 EATON, JOHN (Dec. 5, 1829-Feb. 9, 1906), 
 clergyman and educator, born in Sutton, 
 N. H., lived in Ohio about ten years. After 
 graduating from Dartmouth in 1854, he 
 was principal of Ward School, Cleveland, 
 1854-56, and superintendent of schools in 
 Toledo, 1856-59. In 1861 he became chap- 
 lain of the 27th O.V.I., and the following 
 year General Grant directed him to organ- 
 ize freed Negroes. After the war he found- 
 ed the Memphis Post in 1865, worked with 
 the Freedmen's Bureau, and in 1870 be- 
 came Commissioner of the Bureau of Edu- 
 cation in Washington, D. C. He returned to 
 Ohio to serve as president of Marietta Col- 
 lege, 1886-91. His death occurred in Wash- 
 ington, D. C. Several of his addresses were 
 published as pamphlets, and he also wrote 
 Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen . . . , 
 New York, 1907. WWW 1 
 
 EBERLE, EDITH (Oct. 29, 1889- ), was 
 born in West Unity, Williams County; she 
 has also lived in Toledo and Cleveland. 
 After graduating from Transylvania Col- 
 lege in 1914, she taught school for three 
 years, was a missionary in the Philippines, 
 1917-23, and was an executive of the 
 United Christian Missionary Society, 1923- 
 57. In 1953 she married Rev. Cyrus M. 
 Yocum, who died in 1958. She now lives in 
 Indianapolis, Ind. She has published many 
 pamphlets and magazine articles and at 
 least three books, e.g., Palm Tree and 
 Pine; Stories of the Philippine Islands, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1927]. 
 
 ECKERT, JOSEPHINE PAULINE. See Jose- 
 phine P. E. Gill. 
 
 ECKSTEIN, GUSTAV (Oct. 26, 1890- ), 
 physiologist, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He earned a D.D.S. de- 
 gree at the University of Cincinnati in 1911, 
 practiced dentistry for several years, and 
 earned an M.D. in 1924. In 1922 he was 
 made a member of the University of Cin- 
 cinnati faculty. A close friend of Alexander 
 Woollcott, he was the basis for one of the 
 minor characters in The Man Who Came 
 
 to Dinner. Eckstein has published studies 
 of animals, a novel, and several plays. He 
 has traveled often in Europe and Japan 
 and wrote a biography of the Japanese bac- 
 teriologist, Hideyo Noguchi: Noguchi, New 
 York, 1931. WW 28 
 
 ECLAIR, LYDEN. Pseud. See Henry L. Flash. 
 
 EDDY, THOMAS MEARS (Sept. 7, 1823- 
 Oct. 7, 1874), clergyman, was born in New- 
 ton, Hamilton County. He was educated in 
 the seminary, Greensborough, Ind., and 
 from 1842 to 1853 was a Methodist circuit 
 rider in Indiana. He held pastorates in Illi- 
 nois, Maryland, and Washington, D. C, 
 and edited the Northeastern Christian Ad- 
 vocate in Chicago. He published a number 
 of speeches and sermons. His death oc- 
 curred in New York City. 
 The Patriotism of Illinois . . . , 2 vols., 
 Chicago, 1865-66. 
 
 EDGAR, JOHN FARIS (Oct. 29, 1814- 
 Aug. 15, 1905), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. A building contractor by 
 profession, he was also superintendent of 
 Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad. His 
 only book is a study of early Dayton. He 
 died in Philadelphia. 
 
 Pioneer Life in Dayton and Vicinity, 1796- 
 1840, Dayton, 1896. 
 
 EDGERTON, JAMES ARTHUR (Jan. 30, 
 1869-Dec. 3, 1938), journalist, was born in 
 Plattsville, Shelby County. He graduated 
 from National Normal University, Lebanon, 
 in 1887 and also studied at Marietta Col- 
 lege. He edited county and state papers for 
 several years, was on the editorial staff of 
 the Denver News, 1899-1903, and was af- 
 filiated with the American Press Associa- 
 tion for a number of years. He was the 
 Prohibition Party nominee for vice-presi- 
 dent of the United States in 1928. His death 
 occurred in Alexandria, Va. 
 Poems, Marietta, [1889]. 
 A Better Day, Lincoln, Neb., [1891]. 
 Populist Handbook for Nebraska, Denver, 
 
 1895. 
 Songs of the People, Denver, 1895. 
 Voices of the Morning, Chicago, 1898. 
 Glimpses of the Real, Denver, 1903. 
 In the Gardens of God, New York, 1904. 
 History of New Thought, New York, 1917. 
 My Personal Adventures in Truth, Holyoke, 
 
 Mass., 1919. 
 The Philosophy of Jesus, the Basis of a 
 
 New Reformation, Boston, [1928]. 
 Invading the Invisible, Washington, D. C, 
 
 [1931]. 
 
Edgerton, Jesse 
 
 188 
 
 EDGERTON, JESSE (July 12, 1845-1929), 
 Quaker poet, was born near Barnesville, 
 Belmont County, the youngest of fifteen 
 children. Like his brothers and sisters, he 
 was active in the Society of Friends through- 
 out his life. For a number of years he was 
 a harness maker and manager of a handle 
 factory in Columbiana. From 1901 to 1905 
 he was superintendent of Friends Boarding 
 School at Barnesville and from 1905 until 
 his death he lived at Damascus. 
 Why Am I a Friend?, Salem, 1893. 
 A Brook by the Way, Damascus, 1913. 
 Militarism, the Curse of the Nations, Da- 
 mascus, 1915. 
 
 EDGERTON, WALTER (Oct., 1806-1879), 
 was born in Ohio, but in 1829 moved to 
 Henry County, Ind., where he farmed and 
 taught school. He was an active abolitionist 
 and opposed changes in the Quaker faith 
 and practice. He died in Minneapolis, Minn. 
 A Brief Review of Certain Phrenological 
 Works of O. S. Fowler, Newport, Ind., 
 1848. 
 A History of the Separation in Indiana 
 Yearly Meeting of Friends; Which Took 
 Place in the Winter of 1842 and 1843 on 
 the Anti-Slavery Question . . . , Cincin- 
 nati 1856. 
 Modern Quakerism Examined . . . , Indian- 
 apolis, 1876. 
 
 EDWARDS, DONALD EARL (Feb. 7, 1916- 
 ), was born in East Liberty, Logan 
 County. He served in the army in World 
 War II and afterward lived in Marion and 
 Gambier. His last address in Ohioana files 
 (1951) was Columbus. His poems have ap- 
 peared in various periodicals and he has 
 published a collection: Who Walks with 
 Dreams, Dallas, Texas, [1947]. 
 
 EDWARDS, ELEANOR LEE. Pseud. See 
 Metta V. F. Victor. 
 
 EDWARDS, SAMUEL E. (March 22, 1810- 
 1895), was born in Armstrong County, Pa. 
 In 1812 his parents came to Washington 
 County, and soon afterward they moved to 
 Cincinnati. From boyhood he hunted bear 
 and deer and was widely known for his 
 hunting exploits, especially in the Maumee 
 Valley. He lived in Napoleon, Henry 
 County, where he reared eighteen children. 
 Despite the protests of his first wife, who 
 was a Lutheran, he became a Campbellite, 
 and in 1855 he became a medium despite 
 the objections of his minister; but he later 
 gave up spiritualism. His autobiography is 
 somewhat rare and is a valuable account of 
 the Ohio frontier. 
 
 The Ohio Hunter; Or, a Brief Sketch of 
 Samuel E. Edwards, the Great Bear and 
 Deer Hunter of the State of Ohio, Battle 
 Creek, Mich., 1866. 
 
 EELLS, HASTINGS (June 9, 1895- ), 
 educator, was born in Absecon, N. J., and 
 has been a member of the history depart- 
 ment at Ohio Wesleyan University since 
 1925. He has published textbooks, articles, 
 and Martin Bucer, New Haven, 1931. WW 
 30 
 
 EFFLER, LOUIS ROBERT (Dec. 9, 1888- 
 ), physician, was born in Toledo, 
 Lucas County. He practiced medicine in 
 Toledo and still lives in that city. A prolific 
 writer, he has published many articles and 
 books on medical and historical topics. He 
 has also published a number of travel book- 
 lets, e.g., My Flight to Hopi-Land . . . , 
 [Toledo, 1941]. 
 
 EGGLESTON, BENJAMIN (Jan. 2, 1747- 
 1832), was born in Middlefield, Mass. He 
 came to Aurora, Portage County, in 1807 
 and spent the rest of his life in that com- 
 munity. A former Revolutionary War sol- 
 dier, he is the probable author of the book 
 below, although it may have been written 
 by his son and namesake. The book was 
 announced for three volumes, but only the 
 first was published. 
 
 An American Field of Mars . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1839. 
 
 ELAM, CHARLES MILTON (July 10, 1882- 
 Nov. 7, 1944), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He was employed by the 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1919-32, 
 and also operated the Open Sesame Press, 
 which published his own poems and those 
 of other writers. His published works in- 
 clude a pamphlet, The Case for an A Priori 
 Language, Cincinnati, [1932]. 
 
 ELBERT, JOHN ALOYSIUS (March 15, 
 1895- ), Catholic priest and educator, 
 was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., and has lived 
 in Ohio at several times since graduating 
 from the University of Dayton in 1915. He 
 taught at the University of Dayton Prepara- 
 tory School, 1918-21, was professor of 
 philosophy, University of Dayton, 1926-28 
 and 1947-48, was principal of Purcell High 
 School, Cincinnati, 1928-31, and served as 
 president of University of Dayton, 1938- 
 44. Since 1948 he has been Provincial Su- 
 perior, Society of Mary, Province of Cin- 
 cinnati. He has written a number of reli- 
 gious articles and books, e.g., Prayer in a 
 Modern Age, Ozone Park, N. Y., 1941. 
 WW 30 
 
189 
 
 Elliott, C. B. 
 
 ELDRIDGE, CHARLOTTE BLAKLEY (June 
 14, 1910- ), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. After graduating from 
 Steele High School, Dayton, she attended 
 Ohio State University and the Dayton Art 
 Institute and worked as a fashion designer 
 in Dayton and Cincinnati. She was married 
 to Harry C. Eldridge, Jr., of Franklin, now 
 deceased; now Mrs. Burr Sutter, she lives 
 in Phoenix, Ariz. She has been a columnist 
 for the Franklin Chronicle, the Dayton 
 Journal-Herald, and the Arizonian, pub- 
 lished in Scottsdale, Ariz. She was on the 
 staff of Arizona Highways Magazine, 195 1— 
 56, and also produced a television show in 
 Phoenix. She has written several plays, e.g., 
 Holiday House! . . . , Franklin, [1938]. 
 
 ELDRIDGE, ETHEL JONES (June 20, 1880- 
 ), was born in Tampa, Fla. After her 
 marriage to Harry C. Eldridge (q.v.), pub- 
 lisher of Franklin, she made her home in 
 that community. Now an invalid she still 
 lives in Franklin. She adapted Chinese sto- 
 ries for American children and also wrote 
 Children's Pantomimes for Special Days, 
 Franklin, 1936. 
 
 ELDRIDGE, HARRY CARLETON (June 10, 
 1872-Sept. 12, 1946), publisher, was born 
 in Franklin, Warren County. He established 
 the Eldridge Entertainment House, which 
 published songs, plays, and operettas, most 
 of them intended for performance by 
 schools and churches. He died in Franklin. 
 Some of the entertainments he published 
 were written by himself, e.g., Billy Brown's 
 Christmas Stunt . . . , Franklin, 1934. 
 
 ELLARD, HARRY G. (Dec. 12, 1864-Jan. 
 2, 1913), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. As a boy he suffered from in- 
 cipient tuberculosis, and his parents sent 
 him to live in the West for several years. 
 He recovered his health and later played on 
 one of the early Cincinnati R.ed Stockings 
 baseball teams. His father, who operated a 
 sporting goods store, was one of the organ- 
 izers of the team. He wrote a valuable his- 
 tory of the Cincinnati baseball club and 
 also traveled widely in Europe, South Amer- 
 ica, and Asia. Besides the titles below, he 
 published considerable poetry in periodicals 
 under the pen names the Poet Lariat and 
 the Cowboy Poet. 
 Ranch Tales of the Rockies, Canon City, 
 
 Colo., 1899. 
 Baseball in Cincinnati; A Histoiy, Cincin- 
 nati, 1908. 
 
 ELLARD, VIRGINIA G. (Jan. 22, 1839-Oct. 
 14, 1912), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. Her husband operated a sport- 
 
 ing goods store; and her son, Harry G. El- 
 lard (q.v.), was a baseball star and author 
 of a history of the Cincinnati Reds. Mrs. 
 Ellard was active in Cincinnati organiza- 
 tions and wrote a number of poems, espe- 
 cially sonnets, many of which were pub- 
 lished in the Cincinnati Commercial Tri- 
 bune and some of which were collected in 
 the second book below. 
 Grandma's Christmas Day, Cincinnati, 
 
 1880. 
 The Unity of Life and Spirit, New York, 
 
 [1906]. 
 
 ELLIOTT, BLANCHE (1890-Oct. 1, 1959), 
 educator, was born in Mill Creek Town- 
 ship, Coshocton County. A graduate of 
 Kent State University, she taught in the 
 Coshocton schools for thirty years before 
 retiring in 1942. She published poems in 
 various periodicals and also wrote a book 
 for young readers: Timothy Titus, New 
 York, 1937. 
 
 ELLIOTT, CHARLES (May 16, 1792-Jan. 
 8, 1869), Methodist clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Ireland. Soon after com- 
 ing to America in 1814 he was preaching in 
 Ohio. In 1822 he was missionary to the 
 Wyandots. After a number of years in 
 Pennsylvania, he returned to Ohio and was 
 presiding elder of the Dayton District, 
 1850-51. In his last years he was president 
 of Iowa Wesleyan University. He wrote a 
 vigorous anti-Catholic polemic: Delineation 
 of Roman Catholicism . . . , 2 vols., New 
 York, 1841, and several books opposing 
 slavery, e.g., The Bible and Slavery . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1859. 
 
 ELLIOTT, CHARLES BURKE (Jan. 6, 
 1861-Sept. 18, 1935), lawyer, was born in 
 Morgan County. He attended district schools 
 and spent a year in the preparatory depart- 
 ment of Marietta College. When his family 
 moved to Iowa, he attended the law school 
 of the University of Iowa and graduated in 
 1881. While practicing law in Minneapolis, 
 he did graduate work at the University of 
 Minnesota, wrote a dissertation on Ameri- 
 can policy regarding fisheries that attracted 
 wide attention, and in 1888 was awarded 
 the first Ph.D. granted by the university. 
 He filled various judicial posts and from 
 1910 to 1912 was a member of the Philip- 
 pine Commission. From 1913 until his 
 death, he practiced law in Minneapolis. He 
 published a number of legal works and two 
 books on the Philippines: The Philippines 
 to the End of the Military Regime . . . , 
 Indianapolis, [1917] and The Philippines to 
 the End of the Commission Government 
 . . . , Indianapolis, [1917]. DAB 21 
 
Elliott, F. R. 
 
 190 
 
 ELLIOTT, FRANKLIN REUBEN (April 27, 
 1817-Jan. 10, 1878), horticulturist, was 
 born in Guilford, Conn., and in 1844 
 moved to Cleveland, where he spent the re- 
 mainder of his life. He wrote numerous 
 articles for horticultural periodicals. 
 Elliott's Fruit Book . . . , New York, 1854. 
 Popular Deciduous Evergreen Trees and 
 
 Shrubs . . . , New York, 1868. 
 Hand-book for Fruit Growers . . . , Roches- 
 ter, N. Y., 1876. 
 Hand Book for Practical Landscape Gar- 
 dening . . . , Rochester, N. Y., 1877. 
 
 ELLIOTT, GEORGE (Dec. 14, 1851-Nov. 
 2, 1930), clergyman, was born in Licking 
 County. After attending Otterbein Univer- 
 sity, he graduated from Cornell College, 
 Iowa, in 1872. He served as pastor of 
 Methodist churches in Maryland, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and Michigan, and was for some 
 time editor of the Methodist Review. He 
 spent his last years in New York City. 
 The Abiding Sabbath, [New York], 1884. 
 The Beauty of Jesus, Cincinnati, 1904. 
 Biblical Criticism and Preaching, New York, 
 
 1912. 
 The Christmas Canticles, New York, 1922. 
 
 ELLIOTT, HARRISON SACKET (Dec. 13, 
 1882-June 27, 1951), educator, was born 
 in St. Clairsville, Belmont County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1905, Drew Theological Seminary in 1911, 
 and Yale University (Ph.D.) in 1940. He 
 held various administrative positions in the 
 Methodist Church, 1905-10, was in 
 Y.M.C.A. work, 1910-25, and taught at 
 Drew Seminary, 1921-23, and Union Theo- 
 logical Seminary, 1922-50. He died in 
 Rhinebeck, N. Y. He published numerous 
 articles and books on religion and psychol- 
 ogy, e.g., How Jesus Met Life Questions, 
 New York, 1920. WWW 3 
 
 ELLIOTT, HENRY WOOD (Nov. 13, 1846- 
 May 25, 1930), artist and naturalist, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, the 
 son of Franklin R. Elliott (q.v. ). He was 
 educated in Cleveland schools. In 1862 he 
 became private secretary to Joseph Henry, 
 Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution; 
 he was associated with the Smithsonian as 
 an artist and explorer for the rest of his 
 life. He was a member of the Western 
 Union Telegraph Expedition to Alaska, 
 1865-67. He was sent to the Seal Islands 
 of Alaska by the Treasury Department in 
 1872-74 and in 1880; and he drew up the 
 1905 treaty regarding fur seals. He wrote 
 several monographs and magazine articles. 
 Our Arctic Province, Alaska and the Seal 
 Islands, New York, 1886. 
 
 ELLIOTT, JOSEPH TAYLOR (Jan. 24, 
 1837-Aug. 4, 1916), was born in Butler 
 County. His family moved to Indianapolis, 
 Ind., when he was thirteen, and he spent 
 the remainder of his life in Indiana. He 
 served in the Civil War and was one of 
 the survivors of the sinking of the Sultana 
 near Memphis, Tenn., in April of 1865, an 
 experience he described in his only pub- 
 lication: The Sultana Disaster, Indianapolis. 
 1913. IATB 
 
 ELLIOTT, WALTER HACKETT ROBERT 
 
 (Jan. 6, 1842-April 18, 1928), missionary, 
 born in Detroit, Mich., came to Cincinnati 
 in the late 1850s to study law and was ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar in 1861. He served 
 throughout the Civil War with the 5th 
 O.V.I. In 1867 he was converted to Catho- 
 licism, and in 1872 he was ordained a priest. 
 He wrote numerous devotional books and 
 biographies, e.g., Life of Father Hecker, 
 New York, 1891. 
 
 ELLIS, ALSTON (Jan. 26, 1847-Nov. 14, 
 1920), educator, was born in Kenton County, 
 Ky., and was educated at Miami University. 
 He taught in the public schools of Ken- 
 tucky and was superintendent of schools in 
 Hamilton, 1871-79, and Sandusky, 1880- 
 87. After some years in Colorado, he was 
 named president of Ohio University in 1901 
 and served in that capacity until his death. 
 Some Phases of Popular Education, [n.p., 
 18-?]. 
 
 ELLIS, EDGAR WILLIAM (Jan. 29, 1864- 
 ? ), was born in West Sonora, Preble County. 
 He held various offices in the Knights of 
 Pythias and was a clerk in the Department 
 of State, Columbus. He wrote Just a Bit 
 of Verse, [Columbus, 1931]. 
 
 ELLIS, EDWARD SYLVESTER (April 11, 
 1840-June 20, 1916), was born in Geneva, 
 Ashtabula County, and spent part of his 
 boyhood in the town of Ashtabula. He at- 
 tended the State Normal School of New 
 Jersey, began teaching when in his teens, 
 and in his early thirties was superintendent 
 of schools in Trenton, N. J. After 1876 he 
 devoted himself to writing. He lived in 
 Upper Montclair, N. J. He wrote for so 
 many publishers under such a variety of 
 pen names that a complete bibliography of 
 his work is probably impossible, but he 
 undoubtedly deserves to be designated as 
 Ohio's most prolific writer. He turned out 
 well over 200 adventure novels, biographies, 
 and textbooks. Some idea of his productivity 
 may be gained from a list of his publica- 
 tions in a single year (1893): Across Texas, 
 The Campers Out, The Great Berwyck Bank 
 
191 
 
 Ells 
 
 Robbery, Lena-Wingo, The Mohawk, The 
 River Fugitives, The Third Man. Through 
 Apache Land, and The Wilderness Fugi- 
 tives. Among his many pen names were the 
 following: Capt. J. F. C. Adams, Boynton 
 Belknap, M.D.. J. G. Bethune, Capt. Latham 
 C. Carleton, Frank Faulkner, Col. H. R. 
 Gordon, Capt. R. M. Hawthorne, Lieut. 
 Ned Hunter, Lieut. R. H. Jayne, Charles E. 
 LaSalle. Seward D. Lisle. E. S. St. Max. 
 Capt. H. R. Millbank. Billex Muller, Lieut. 
 J. H. Randolph, Seelin Robins, and Emerson 
 Rodman. 
 
 ELLIS, JOHN (Aug. 26. 1812-1894), clergy- 
 man, was born in Albany County, N. Y. 
 He became affiliated with the New York 
 Christian Conference and began to preach 
 around 1832. In 1852 he brought his family 
 to Enon, Clark County. With Ohio as his 
 headquarters he became a traveling minister 
 and preached extensively in Texas and else- 
 where in the West. His last years were 
 spent in Yellow Springs. His autobiography 
 was prepared for publication by his wife. 
 Autobiography and Poems of Eld. John 
 Ellis .... Springfield, 1895. 
 
 ELLISTON, GEORGE (Mrs. Augustus T. 
 Coleman) (1883-Oct. 6, 1946). poet, was 
 born in Mt. Sterling. Ky.. but attended high 
 school in Cincinnati and spent the remainder 
 of her life in that city. While still in her 
 teens she began working as a reporter; in 
 1909 she became society editor of the Times- 
 Star, and she remained on the staff until her 
 death. She published poems in numerous 
 periodicals: many of them were set to music 
 and translated into several languages. She 
 published a number of collections under 
 her maiden name. e.g.. Everxdax Poems, 
 Cincinnati, [1921]. WWW 2 
 
 ELLS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1805-Jan. 
 12, 1874), publisher, was born in Concord, 
 Conn. In 1818 his father brought his family 
 to Wheeling. Va.. and in 1827 came to 
 Newark, where he lived until his death in 
 1865. The first book to bear the imprint 
 of B. F. Ells was The Dialogue Grammar; 
 Or, Book Instructor to Teach the Science 
 of English Grammar without a Teacher 
 . . . , South Hanover. Ind. Printed at the 
 Hanover College Press. 1834. The preface 
 is dated New Lexington, Dec. 1, 1834. 
 New Lexington lies about 25 miles south 
 of Newark in an adjoining county. No resi- 
 dential connection of any sort can be veri- 
 fied with either New Lexington or Hanover. 
 Ells was neither a student nor a teacher at 
 Hanover; that he was a Presbyterian is his 
 only possible connection with the college. 
 
 One other book, History of the Romish 
 Inquisition, Compiled from Various Authors, 
 was issued with a Hanover imprint in 1835. 
 Besides his individual imprints and a brief 
 connection with his brother, G. W. Ells, 
 the following firm names appear on the 
 record: Ells & Strong, Ells & McGregor, 
 Ells & Claflin, Ells. Claflin & Co., L. F. 
 Clafiin & Co., More, Clarke & Co., Osborn 
 & Ells, Ells, Marquis & Co., Burrows & 
 Ells — in all, eleven combinations in 33 
 years. At the end of such a record, it is 
 difficult to decide whether to list him as 
 an author, an editor, a compiler, an artist 
 with scissors and paste, a publisher, or a 
 promoter. He was all of these, yet died 
 without reaping renown or financial security. 
 Only the rarity of the little books that bear 
 his name on their title pages arouses our 
 interest. Though his early school readers 
 were of the time of McGuffey, it is for 
 publishing interest rather than for subject 
 matter, style, or originality that these im- 
 prints are collected. Appropriating and 
 adapting the brain children of other men — 
 snatches here and snatches there — was at 
 most a venial sin in a day when copyright 
 meant little; but we note that Ells was 
 usually careful to avail himself of what 
 small protection he could obtain by copy- 
 righting materials in his own name. In 
 1835 appeared a somewhat abbreviated 
 edition of the Dialogue Grammar, published 
 in Dayton by B. F. Ells and E. M. Strong. 
 Thereafter until his death, Ells was a resi- 
 dent of Dayton. From cemetery records, 
 old bill heads, newspaper advertisements, 
 reminiscences of a lady who lived in the 
 former Ells home around 1870, and county 
 court records, a fragmentary story can be 
 pieced together showing the alternate prog- 
 ress and mortgage-ridden difficulties of a 
 man whose memory lacks even a gravestone 
 reminder. A reported gift to Dayton still 
 exists on Euclid Avenue between Third and 
 Fifth Streets, a tiny green strip of park, 
 but it does not bear his name and there 
 is no absolute proof that it was his dona- 
 tion. Of his publications, eighteen were 
 schoolbooks — grammars, readers, spellers, 
 arithmetic and algebra texts. Ninety were 
 gav. tiny toy books of different sizes, 
 priced from one to ten cents: only 34 of 
 these toy books have been located. Ells' re- 
 maining publications were of great variety 
 — historical, biographical, practical, and de- 
 votional: compilations of tales and songs 
 and recipes. His final imprint was a Dayton 
 city directory for 1856. The last years of 
 Ells' life were darkened by financial worries. 
 During the 1850s there was a wild flurry of 
 dealing in real estate on the west side of 
 
Elser 
 
 192 
 
 Dayton, in which Ells and his various 
 partners engaged in buying and subdividing 
 land. Apparently, many titles were trans- 
 ferred without clearing previous mortgages. 
 A crazy, wildcat situation developed which 
 was bound to collapse. Ells gave numerous 
 mortgages between 1847 and 1858; in 1858 
 the record stops, apparently because there 
 was nothing more to mortgage. The final 
 showdowns came in 1863 and 1864, when 
 there were numerous court sales of his 
 land and printing equipment. Ells died sud- 
 denly while attending church with one of 
 his adopted daughters. The neighbors said 
 he was "very strict, a very religious man, 
 somewhat irascible." The newspaper obituary 
 stated, "He was a very peculiar man in 
 many respects. At one time he had accumu- 
 lated considerable property, but he was 
 unfortunate, and during the last years of 
 his life was in reduced circumstances. He 
 was regarded as a man of exemplary moral 
 character." The record of the final sale of 
 his personal property in April, 1874, in 
 Montgomery County probate court is a sad 
 one. The total amount received from the 
 sale of pamphlets, unbound books, and 
 other effects was $130.14; the expenses of 
 probate were $125.42, leaving proceeds of 
 $4.72 to turn over to the heirs. 
 
 William Hamilton 
 
 ELSER, DONALD (Jan. 15, 1915- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in North Lima, Mahoning 
 County. A graduate of Youngstown Uni- 
 versity, he has done graduate work at sev- 
 eral universities. Before joining the Air 
 Corps in World War II, he taught in the 
 schools of Mahoning and Trumbull Coun- 
 ties. He has been a member of the English 
 Department, Youngstown University, since 
 1948. He has written a number of plays, 
 e.g., Special Guest, Evanston, 111., 1948. 
 
 ELSON, HENRY WILLIAM (March, 1857- 
 Jan. 29, 1954), educator, was born in 
 Muskingum County. After attending Ohio 
 State University, he graduated from Thiel 
 College in 1886 and Lutheran Theological 
 Seminary, Philadelphia, in 1889. He served 
 several Lutheran churches in Pennsylvania, 
 taught at Ohio University and New York 
 University, and was president of Thiel Col- 
 lege, 1916-21. He died in Plainfield, N. J. 
 Besides the books below, he wrote several 
 widely used history textbooks, notably Mod- 
 ern Times and the Living Past (1921), 
 which sold over a million copies. 
 The Story of a Great General, Ulysses S. 
 
 Grant, Philadelphia, [1899]. 
 The Story of a Noble Woman, Frances E. 
 
 Willard, Philadelphia, [1899]. 
 
 The Story of a Wonderful Hunter, Daniel 
 Boone, Philadelphia, [1899]. 
 
 The Story of "Old Hickory," Andrew Jack- 
 son, Philadelphia, [1899]. 
 
 Through the Years with Our Constitution, 
 Boston, [1937]. 
 
 ELWELL, JOHN JOHNSON (June 22, 1820- 
 March 13, 1900), physician and lawyer, 
 was born near Warren, Trumbull County. 
 He attended Western Reserve University 
 and graduated from Cleveland Medical Col- 
 lege in 1846. He also studied law and was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar in 1854. His 
 pioneer work on malpractice established 
 him as an authority on medical jurisprudence. 
 He served in the Civil War as a quarter- 
 master, rising to the brevet rank of briga- 
 dier general. After the war he practiced 
 law in Cleveland. He wrote numerous 
 articles. 
 
 A Medico-Legal Treatise on Malpractice 
 and Medical Evidence . . . , New York, 
 1860. 
 
 ELY, CHARLES ARTHUR (May 2, 1829- 
 Sept. 30, 1864), was born in Elyria, Lorain 
 County. He was educated by private tutors. 
 A chronic disease of his eyes prevented him 
 from attending college. Upon the death of 
 his father, Heman Ely, the founder of 
 Elyria, he traveled extensively in Europe 
 and became interested in breeding Devon 
 cattle. He imported the first herd of this 
 breed into Lorain County in 1855. On the 
 advice of his physician he set out on a 
 world tour in 1858. Arranging to send a 
 herd of his prize Devons overland to San 
 Francisco, he set out for the same point 
 via the Cape of Good Hope and China. He 
 had so timed the departure of his herd that 
 he and his cattle arrived in San Francisco 
 within a few weeks of each other. In Cali- 
 fornia, where he arrived in Aug., 1858, he 
 wrote a series of articles for the Alta Cali- 
 fornia and delivered a series of scientific 
 lectures to the students of California Col- 
 lege at Oakland. He returned to Elyria in 
 Oct. 3, 1860. A chronic illness rendered him 
 an invalid for the rest of his days. His 
 death occurred in Columbus. 
 Science the True Basis of Education . . . , 
 San Francisco, 1860. 
 
 EMENY, BROOKS (July 29, 1901- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Salem, Columbiana 
 County. He graduated from Princeton Uni- 
 versity in 1924, studied international law 
 in European universities as a Carnegie fel- 
 low, 1924-27, was on the Yale faculty, 
 1927-31, and taught at Western Reserve 
 University, 1935-47. He has published nu- 
 
193 
 
 Engle 
 
 merous magazine articles and several books 
 on international politics, e.g., Mainsprings 
 of World Politics . . . , New York, 1943. 
 WW 30 
 
 EMERSON, JOHN (May 29, 1874-March 
 8, 1956), actor and playwright, was born 
 in Sandusky, Erie County. He studied at 
 Oberlin College, Western Reserve Univer- 
 sity, and University of Chicago. He was 
 general stage director for Charles Frohman, 
 1910-14, and afterward wrote and produced 
 motion pictures for Paramount, Metro- 
 Goldwyn-Mayer, and other companies. On 
 June 15, 1919, he married Anita Loos, 
 author of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. They 
 collaborated on two books about motion 
 pictures and a number of movies and plays, 
 e.g., The Whole Town's Talking . . . , New 
 York, 1925. WWW 3 
 
 EMERSON, MRS. M. FARLEY (?-?), truc- 
 ulent advocate of women's rights, was born 
 in Ohio, judging from the very little that is 
 known about her career. She lectured at 
 Eaton on "the rights of man and the duties 
 of woman" on April 3, 1855. In the broad- 
 side advertising that lecture, a number of 
 testimonials from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
 and Iowa newspapers appear, indicating that 
 she had been lecturing in the area for a 
 number of years. In her book, which con- 
 tains not a little libelous matter directed 
 largely against Kentucky, Ohio, western 
 Virginia, and western Pennsylvania hotel 
 and tavern owners, she mentions her Ohio 
 relatives. Because of a long list of Ohio 
 correspondents found in her possession by 
 Southern authorities, she was suspected of 
 being an antislavery agitator. Her book ap- 
 peared under the pen name "An American 
 Woman." 
 
 Woman in America: Her Character and 
 Position as Indicated by Newspaper Edi- 
 torials, and Sustained by American Social 
 Life, Cincinnati, 1857. 
 
 EMERSON, OLIVER FARRAR (May 24, 
 1860-March 13, 1927), educator, was born 
 in Iowa. He graduated from Grinnell Col- 
 lege in 1882, taught school for several years, 
 and began graduate study at Cornell Uni- 
 versity, where he received his Ph.D. in 1891. 
 He was professor of English at Western 
 Reserve University, 1896-1927. He died in 
 Ocala, Fla., where he was recuperating 
 from a physical breakdown. Highly respected 
 in the world of philological and literary 
 scholarship, he published textbooks, editions 
 of Gibbon and Chaucer, and many valuable 
 articles and monographs. 
 The History of the English Language, New 
 York, 1894. 
 
 A Brief History of the English Language, 
 New York, 1896. 
 
 An Outline History of the English Language, 
 New York, 1906. 
 
 Chaucer: Essays and Studies; A Selection 
 from the Writings of Oliver Farrar Emer- 
 son, Cleveland, 1929. 
 
 EMERSON, RICHARD WIRTZ (May 13, 
 1925- ), born in Watertown, N. Y., came 
 to Columbus in 1942. He graduated from 
 Ohio State University in 1948, was a direc- 
 tor of Golden Goose Press, and presented 
 a poetry program over WOSU, the Ohio 
 State University radio station. He now lives 
 in Sausalito, Calif. He has published fiction 
 and poetry in national magazines and sev- 
 eral collections of poems, e.g., The Central 
 Thread, Philadelphia, [1947]. 
 
 EMERSON, WILLIAM DANA (July 9, 1813- 
 Jan., 1891), was born in Marietta, Wash- 
 ington County. He graduated from Ohio 
 University in 1833 and taught at Marietta 
 College and in Kentucky and Illinois for a 
 time. Returning to Ohio in 1839, he studied 
 law, was admitted to the bar in 1841, and 
 opened an office in Cincinnati. He began 
 contributing verse to the Herald of Truth 
 in 1847. 
 Occasional Thoughts in Verse, Springfield, 
 
 1851. 
 Rhymes of Culture, Movement and Repose, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1874. 
 History and Incidents of Indian Corn and 
 
 Its Culture . . . , Cincinnati, 1878. 
 
 EMMITT, JAMES (Nov. 6, 1806-1895), was 
 born in Armstrong County, Pa. After com- 
 ing to southern Ohio as a boy, he worked 
 as a farmhand, blacksmith, and teamster. 
 In 1828 he began operating a grocery store 
 in Waverly, and three years later he was 
 made postmaster. He prospered and ex- 
 tended his interests gradually so that in 
 his later years he owned a bank, a store, 
 a sawmill and grist mill, a distillery, and 
 a furniture factory in Waverly, and also 
 owned considerable property in Chillicothe 
 and in Iowa and Missouri. He served in the 
 state senate, 1867-70. During a tour of 
 Europe, 1865-66, he purchased many statues 
 and paintings for his mansion in Waverly. 
 His memoirs were prepared with the as- 
 sistance of M. J. Carrigan of Chillicothe. 
 Life and Reminiscences of Hon. James 
 Emmitt as Revised by Himself, Chillicothe, 
 1888. 
 
 ENGLE, TRALL (Aug. 15, 1881- ), 
 farmer, was born near Ohio City, Van Wert 
 County. He attended Van Wert schools, and 
 
Englehardt 
 
 194 
 
 after teaching for nine years he operated 
 a farm near Van Wert. He now lives in 
 Lima. He has published poems, which are 
 described as "interpretations of revelations," 
 e.g., Self Beautiful, Van Wert, 1930. 
 
 ENGLEHARDT, ZEPHYRIN (Nov. 13, 1851- 
 April 27, 1934), German-born Franciscan 
 missionary to the Indians and author of 
 several historical studies of the Catholic 
 Church in the Southwest, attended school 
 and seminary in Cincinnati, while his parents 
 lived in Covington, Ky. After his ordina- 
 tion he was in Cleveland for two brief peri- 
 ods (1879; 1890-92). His books include 
 The Franciscans in California, Harbor 
 Springs, Mich., 1897. 
 
 ENGLEMAN, JAMES OZRO (Sept. 13, 1873- 
 Sept. 15, 1943), educator, was born in 
 Jeffersonville, Ind. After teaching in sev- 
 eral Indiana schools, he attended Indiana 
 University. He was a school superintendent 
 in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana, did 
 graduate work at Ohio State University, 
 1927-28, and was president of Kent State 
 University, 1928-38. He died while on a 
 fishing trip at Middle Bass Island, Lake 
 Erie. He wrote several textbooks and 
 Moral Education in School and Home, Chi- 
 cago, 1918. WWW 2 
 
 ENGLISH, JOSIAH GIBERTON (Dec. 13, 
 1833-Aug. 1, 1916), was born in New 
 Jersey. He served as a Union soldier during 
 the Civil War and subsequently filled a 
 pastorate in Xenia. He also worked as a 
 carpenter and contractor. He moved to 
 Clermont County, where he lived near 
 Felicity. His volume about Fort Ancient is 
 in verse. His Origin and End of Civil Gov- 
 ernment was inspired by an encounter be- 
 tween Henry Eckerle, a white man, and 
 Lewis Clay, a Negro policeman. 
 Poems, Xenia, 1888. 
 
 Fort Ancient in Warren County, Ohio, Day- 
 ton, 1889. 
 The Origin and End of Civil Government, 
 [Xenia, 1892]. 
 
 ENN, C. C. Pseud. See C. C. Neibling. 
 
 ENSIGN, SAMUEL JAMES RUSSELL (April 
 1, 1898- ), clergyman, born in Marcus, 
 Iowa, was a Presbyterian missionary in 
 China and Siam, 1924-29. In 1930 he be- 
 came minister of First Presbyterian Church, 
 Huron. He now lives in Whittier, Calif. He 
 presents dramatic impersonations of Biblical 
 characters in costume and has published / 
 Am: A Series of Bible Autobiographies, 
 Huron, 1939. 
 
 EPP, PETER (1894-Jan. 10, 1959), edu- 
 cator, was born in Petershagen, Russia, the 
 son of Dutch colonists. Educated in Rus- 
 sia, Germany, and Switzerland, he taught 
 in Russia for twelve years before coming 
 to the United States in 1924. He taught 
 German and Russian at Bluffton College, 
 1924-34, and Ohio State University, 1934- 
 51. His writings include Eine Mutter, Bluff- 
 ton, 1932. 
 
 EPPSE, MERL R. (Jan. 17, 1893- ), edu- 
 cator, was born near Greenville, Darke 
 County, and lived in Ohio until he was 
 twenty years old. He returned to Ohio to 
 teach in 1919 and was a clerk in the Co- 
 lumbus Post Office, 1920-24. He graduated 
 from Drake University in 1927 and in 1928 
 joined the faculty of Tennessee State Uni- 
 versity, where he is now chairman of the 
 department of history and geography. He 
 has written several books on race relations 
 and Negro history, e.g., The Negro, Too, 
 in American History, Chicago, 1938. DAS 3 
 
 EPSTEIN, BERYL WILLIAMS. See Beryl 
 Williams. 
 
 ERDMANN, MYRTLE HILL (July 27, 1872- 
 July 14, 1949), was born in Chillicothe, 
 Ross County. She was married to Frank R. 
 Erdmann of that community. Active in Chil- 
 licothe musical activities, she published 
 verse in various periodicals. She died in 
 Boston, but is buried in Chillicothe. She 
 published a collection: Mother's Book of 
 Verse, Columbus, [1941]. 
 
 ERMINE, WILL. Pseud. See Harry S. Drago. 
 
 ERRETT, ISAAC (Jan. 2, 1820-Dec. 19, 
 1888), clergyman, was born in New York 
 City, the son of an Irish immigrant, Henry 
 Errett, a convert to the Disciples of Christ, 
 who died in 1825. In 1832 Isaac's mother, 
 who had remarried, took her family to Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa. Young Isaac worked on a farm, 
 in a bookshop, and in a printing office; he 
 studied at night to gain an education. In 
 1840 he began preaching in Pittsburgh. 
 After three years there, he served Ohio 
 churches at New Lisbon, North Bloomfield, 
 and Warren. In 1849 he was one of the 
 founders of Western Reserve Eclectic In- 
 stitute, which became Hiram College eight- 
 een years later. He opposed slavery at a 
 time when many members of his faith were 
 opposed to war, and when the Civil War 
 began he sought a colonel's commission. 
 Meanwhile, in 1856 he had moved to Michi- 
 gan with a group of Disciples who were in 
 the lumber business. He spent eight years 
 there, organizing new churches and preach- 
 
 
 
195 
 
 Evans, D. L. 
 
 ing widely. After two years in Chicago he 
 came to Cleveland, where he edited the 
 newly established Christian Standard. In 
 1868 he was named the first president of 
 Alliance College, but he resigned the fol- 
 lowing year because college administration 
 interfered with his editorial duties. In 1869 
 the Standard offices were moved to Cincin- 
 nati. As an editor Errett was a spokesman 
 for the liberal wing of the Disciples church. 
 He favored interdenominational co-opera- 
 tion and active missionary efforts. He de- 
 voted considerable time to missionary or- 
 ganizations. On controversial questions within 
 the church, he was usually aligned with 
 James A. Garfield (q.v.). He was chosen 
 to preach Garfield's funeral sermon in Cleve- 
 land in Sept., 1881. Besides the titles below, 
 he published sermons and addresses and 
 also edited the writings of George Edward 
 Flower. 
 
 Modern Spiritualism Compared with Chris- 
 tianity, a Debate between Joel Tiffany, 
 Esq., of Painesville and Rev. Isaac Er- 
 rett of Warren, Warren, 1855. 
 A Brief View of Missions: Ancient and 
 
 Modern, 1857. 
 First Principles . . . , Cincinnati, [1868?]. 
 Walks about Jerusalem: A Search after the 
 Landmarks of Primitive Christianity, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1871. 
 Talks to Bereans, Cincinnati, 1872. 
 Letters to a Young Christian, Cincinnati, 
 
 1877. 
 Evenings with the Bible, Old Testament 
 
 Studies, 3 vols., Cincinnati, 1884-89. 
 Why Am I a Christian?, Cincinnati, 1889. 
 Our Position: A Brief Statement of the Dis- 
 tinctive Features of the Plea for Reforma- 
 tion Urged by the People Known as Dis- 
 ciples of Christ, Cincinnati, [188?]. 
 Linsey-Woolsey and Other Addresses, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1893. 
 The Querists' Drawer, a Discussion of Dif- 
 ficult Subjects and Passages of the Scrip- 
 tures . . . , (Z. T. Sweeney, ed.), Cincin- 
 nati, [1910]. 
 
 ERSKINE, DOROTHY BLISS (Sept. 11, 
 1906- ), was born in Steubenville, Jeffer- 
 son County. She attended Ohio State Uni- 
 versity and has held a variety of positions 
 — as an advertising writer, a hotel manager, 
 and a medical clerk in Baltimore. In 1957 
 she collaborated with Patrick Dennis in 
 writing The Pink Hotel; she has also written 
 at least two other books, e.g., Miss Pettin- 
 ger's Niece, New York, 1949. 
 
 ESPY, JAMES POLLARD (May 9, 1785- 
 Jan. 24, 1860), meteorologist, born in Penn- 
 sylvania, studied law and taught school in 
 
 Xenia from 1808 to 1812. He published 
 numerous reports and articles and a book: 
 Philosophy of Storms, Boston, 1841. As a 
 government meteorologist, he lived in 
 Washington, D. C, but his death occurred 
 in Cincinnati. 
 
 ESTEVEN, JOHN. Pseud. See Samuel Shella- 
 barger. 
 
 ETAN, RAYMOND. Pseud. See Nathan R. 
 Melhorn. 
 
 EUBANK, EARLE EDWARD (March 20, 
 1887-Dec. 17, 1945), educator, born in 
 Columbia, Mo., served on the sociology fac- 
 ulty of the University of Cincinnati, 1921— 
 45. He died in Florida while on sick leave 
 from the university. He published profes- 
 sional articles and textbooks, but his best- 
 known publication contained the life story 
 of a convict, Charles L. Clark, and an anal- 
 ysis by Professor Eubank: Lockstep and 
 Corridor . . . , Cincinnati, [1927]. 
 
 EULALIE. Pseud. See Mary Eulalie F. Shan- 
 non. 
 
 EUSTIS, HELEN (Dec. 31, 1916- ), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She 
 attended Hillsdale School and Smith Col- 
 lege, where she graduated in 1938. She now 
 lives in New York City. She has published 
 numerous articles and short stories in na- 
 tional magazines. Her first novel was a 
 psychological thriller with its setting on the 
 campus of a women's college: The Hori- 
 zontal Man, New York, [1946]. 
 
 EVANGELINE. See Evangeline Ink. 
 
 EVANS, BERGEN (Sept. 19, 1904- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Franklin, Warren 
 County. He graduated from Miami Univer- 
 sity in 1924, was a Rhodes scholar from 
 1928 to 1931, and earned his doctorate 
 from Harvard University in 1932. He has 
 been on the English faculty of Northwest- 
 ern University since 1932. He has pub- 
 lished many articles in national magazines 
 and is widely known as a moderator of 
 various television programs. Among his 
 books is The Natural History of Nonsense, 
 New York, 1946. WW 30 
 
 EVANS, DANIEL LUTHER (April 2, 1895- 
 ), educator, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University (A.B., 1917; Ph.D., 1923), 
 served in the Medical Department in 
 World War I, and has been a member of 
 the Ohio State philosophy faculty since 
 
Evans, F. N. 
 
 196 
 
 1922. His writings include numerous pro- 
 fessional articles and New Realism and Old 
 Reality . . . , Princeton, N. J., 1928. WW 28 
 
 EVANS, FREDERICK NOBLE (July 26, 
 1881-Nov. 30, 1946), landscape architect, 
 was born in Youngstown, Mahoning 
 County. He studied at Harvard University 
 and in Germany. He practiced in Cleveland, 
 1910-14, was on the faculty of University 
 of Illinois, 1914—20, and was city land- 
 scape architect of Sacramento, Calif., from 
 1920 until his death. He lectured on garden 
 design and wrote Town Improvement . . . , 
 New York, 1919. WWW 2 
 
 EVANS, JOHN (March 9, 1814-July 3, 
 1897), was born in Waynesville, Warren 
 County. After graduating from Lynn Med- 
 ical College, Cincinnati, he began the prac- 
 tice of medicine. A year later he moved to 
 Indiana, where he led the movement to es- 
 tablish a state hospital for the insane and 
 in 1845 became its first superintendent. 
 Three years later he resigned to accept a 
 professorship of obstetrics at Rush Medical 
 College, Chicago. Although he gained prom- 
 inence at Rush and served as one of the 
 editors of the Northwestern Medical and 
 Surgical Journal, his rapidly expanding busi- 
 ness interests led him to give up his pro- 
 fession in 1859. He was one of the found- 
 ers of Northwestern University and resided 
 in the suburb later named for him, Evans- 
 ton. On March 26, 1862, President Lincoln 
 appointed him territorial governor of Colo- 
 rado. His summary treatment of the Chey- 
 enne Indians achieved its purpose but 
 brought him under considerable criticism, 
 which resulted in his writing the Reply, one 
 of the rarest of all Western books, and his 
 only known publication aside from medi- 
 cal articles and official documents. He re- 
 signed the governorship in 1865. As a 
 philanthropist, real-estate operator, and rail- 
 road builder, he became the outstanding fig- 
 ure in the young state. When he died, Colo- 
 rado honored him with a state funeral. 
 Reply of Governor Evans, of the Territory 
 of Colorado, to That Part Referring to 
 Him, of the Report of "The Committee 
 on the Conduct of the War," Headed 
 "Massacre of Cheyenne Indians," Den- 
 ver, 1865. 
 
 EVANS, LAWRENCE ROYD (Feb. 3, 1870- 
 Oct. 30, 1928), lawyer, was born in Rad- 
 nor, Delaware County, but spent little of 
 his life in Ohio. When he was a year old, 
 his parents moved to Noblesville, Ind., 
 where he grew up. After serving on the 
 faculty of Tufts College, 1900-12, he stud- 
 
 ied law at Harvard University. He pub- 
 lished handbooks on American government 
 and important legal case books. He was 
 state librarian of Massachusetts, 1917-19, 
 and counselor of the Brazilian Embassy in 
 Washington, D. C, 1919-28. Besides his 
 scholarly and legal works, he published a 
 biography: Samuel W. McCall, Governor of 
 Massachusetts, Boston, 1916. DAB 6 
 
 EVANS, LLWELLYN IOAN (June 27, 1833- 
 July 25, 1892), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Wales. He came to America in 
 1850 and for a short time lived in Newark, 
 where his father was a minister. He went 
 to Wisconsin, where he graduated from 
 Racine College in 1856. The next year he 
 came to Cincinnati to attend Lane Semi- 
 nary. He graduated in 1860, was pastor of 
 Lane Seminary Church, 1860-63, and 
 served on the seminary faculty, 1863-92. 
 A few months before his death he resigned 
 to join the faculty of Bala Theological 
 Seminary, Wales. Besides the title below, 
 he published sermons and Biblical commen- 
 taries. 
 
 Poems, Addresses and Essays, New York, 
 1893. 
 
 EVANS, NELSON WILEY (June 4, 1842- 
 May 27, 1913), lawyer, was born in Sar- 
 dinia, Brown County. He attended Miami 
 University from Jan., 1861, to June, 1863, 
 and after a brief tour of duty with the 
 129th O.V.I., he returned to Miami and 
 graduated in 1864, after which he became 
 assistant adjutant of the 173rd O.V.I. After 
 being discharged as a captain in 1865, he 
 entered the Cincinnati Law School. Ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar in April, 1866, he 
 practiced in Portsmouth. 
 A History of Adams County . . . , (with 
 Emmons B. Stivers), West Union, 1900. 
 A History of Scioto County . . . , Ports- 
 mouth," 1903. 
 A History of Taxation in Ohio . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1906. 
 A Model Constitution for the State of Ohio, 
 
 [Portsmouth?], 1912. 
 The Federal Constitution of 1797 Rewritten 
 According to the Ideas of Alexander 
 Hamilton . . . , Columbus, [1913]. 
 
 EVANS, VIRGINIA MORAN (Mrs. Albert 
 R.) (March 2, 1909- ), was born in Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County, and still lives in 
 that city. She graduated from Miami Jacobs 
 Business College and has attended the Uni- 
 versity of Dayton and Miami University. 
 Her poems have appeared in many national 
 magazines and in anthologies, and she has 
 published a collection of verse which won 
 
197 
 
 Eversull 
 
 the American Weave Award for 1946: When 
 March Sets Free the River . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1946. 
 
 EVANS, WILL (June 27, 1910- ), was born 
 in Parkersburg, W. Va., and has lived most 
 of his life in Jackson County. He attended 
 Rio Grande College and now operates a 
 farm near Oak Hill. His poems have ap- 
 peared in many magazines and newspapers, 
 and he has published one collection: The 
 Bitter Bread, New York, [1947]. 
 
 EVANS, WILLIAM R. (Jan. 24, 1845-Sept. 
 23, 1913), clergyman, was born in Gallia 
 County. He was admitted to the Presby- 
 terian ministry in 1876. For the rest of his 
 life he operated a farm near Peniel and 
 preached on the circuit of Welsh churches 
 in Gallia and Jackson Counties. He wrote 
 many articles and letters, both in English 
 and in Welsh, for magazines and news- 
 papers. 
 
 Welshmen as Civil, Political and Moral 
 Factors in the Formation and Develop- 
 ment of the United States Republic, Utica, 
 N. Y., 1894. 
 Autobiography of Rev. W. R. Evans . . . , 
 Columbus, 1913. 
 
 EVATT, HARRIET TORRE Y (June 24, 
 1895- ), was born in Knoxville, Tenn. 
 She came to Ohio with her parents at the 
 age of sixteen. She studied at Columbus 
 Academy of Fine Arts. Her husband, Wil- 
 liam S. Evatt, is a lawyer in Columbus; 
 their residence is Worthington. She has 
 written a number of mysteries for children, 
 most of them laid in the French-Canadian 
 Indian country of Canada. She has illus- 
 trated all of her books. She published many 
 poems and stories for children before pub- 
 lishing her first book: The Red Canoe, In- 
 dianapolis, [1940]. WW AW 1 
 
 EVENS, JOSEPH (March 8, 1765-Feb. 7, 
 1849), was born in New Jersey. He was a 
 pioneer settler in Clearcreek Township, 
 Warren County. He spent much of his life 
 fighting for constitutional reform. His first 
 pamphlet was printed by Looker, Palmer & 
 Reynolds, in Cincinnati in 1816; no copy 
 is known to exist. His last effort was pub- 
 lished when he was 83 and appears to have 
 received considerable editorial notice. 
 Propositions Respecting Government, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1816. 
 New Mode of Petitioning, Instructing Our 
 Representatives, or Voting for Proposi- 
 tions to Become Law, Warren County, 
 1831. 
 A New Mode of Government, Wherein the 
 
 People Would Govern Themselves by 
 Laws, Originating with Individuals in the 
 Form of Bills . . . , [Warren County], 
 1847. 
 
 EVERETT, HOMER (Jan. 30, 1813-June 
 22, 1888), was born near Milan, Erie 
 County. After attending school at Lower 
 Sandusky, he read law and was admitted to 
 the Ohio bar in 1841. He practiced for sev- 
 eral years and operated a farm near Fre- 
 mont, Sandusky County. He was postmaster 
 at Lower Sandusky, was mayor of Fre- 
 mont, was county sheriff and county au- 
 ditor, and served as state senator, 1867-71. 
 He died at Osborne, Kan., while visiting a 
 daughter. 
 
 The History of Sandusky County . . . , 
 Fremont, 1878. 
 
 EVERS, CHARLES W. (July 22, 1837-July 
 29, 1909), journalist, was born in Milton- 
 ville, Wood County. After working as a 
 carpenter and teaching school, he entered 
 Oberlin College, but gave up his studies to 
 enlist in the 2nd Kentucky Infantry. He was 
 captured, imprisoned, and after his exchange 
 was discharged in 1864. On his return to 
 Wood County he was elected sheriff. In 
 1870 he founded the News at Bowling 
 Green, a paper later merged with the Sen- 
 tinel. He published Adventures of Alf Wil- 
 son by John A. Wilson (q.v.) in his news- 
 paper and wrote the introduction to the 
 printed volume. He died in Toledo. A vol- 
 ume of local history was completed after 
 his death by F. J. Oblinger: Many Inci- 
 dents and Reminiscences of the Early His- 
 tory of Wood County . . . , Bowling Green, 
 1910. 
 
 EVERSON, FLORENCE McCLURG (May 
 22, 1887- ), was born in Vermilion, 
 Erie County. She attended Oberlin College, 
 Cleveland School of Art, and Western Re- 
 serve University. Her husband, Howard 
 Farrar Everson, was born Feb. 10, 1888, in 
 Brighton, Lorain County. They now live 
 near Wellington. They have collaborated on 
 several books for young readers, e.g., The 
 Secret Cave, New York, [1930]. 
 
 EVERSON, HOWARD FARRAR. See Flor- 
 ence M. Everson. 
 
 EVERSULL, HARRY KELSO (Sept. 20, 
 1895-Sept. 13, 1953), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from Wabash Col- 
 lege in 1919 and Yale Divinity School in 
 1922. He was pastor of Walnut Hills 
 Church, Cincinnati, 1924-37 and 1946-53, 
 
Everts 
 
 198 
 
 president of Marietta College, 1937-42, and 
 executive secretary of Cincinnati Council of 
 Churches, 1942-46. His writings include 
 The Evolution of an Old New England 
 Church . . . , East Haven, Conn., 1924. 
 WWW 3 
 
 EVERTS, ORPHEUS (Dec. 18, 1826-June 
 19, 1903), physician, was born in Salem, 
 Ind. He studied medicine under his father 
 and received his degree from the Medical 
 College of Indiana in 1846. He began to 
 practice in St. Charles, 111., devoting his 
 spare time to editing a country newspaper. 
 For a time he served as registrar of the 
 U. S. Land Office at Hudson, Wis. During 
 the Civil War he was surgeon of the 20th 
 Regiment of Indiana Volunteers. Afterward 
 he returned to his practice, giving special 
 attention to psychiatry and neuropathology. 
 He was appointed superintendent of the In- 
 diana Hospital for the Insane in 1868. In 
 1880 he assumed the management of the 
 Cincinnati Sanitarium and remained its head 
 until his death. He was an alienist of great 
 ability and had a vast reputation as an ex- 
 pert in medico-legal cases. He was called 
 in the trial of Charles J. Guiteau, the mur- 
 derer of President Garfield. His death oc- 
 curred in Cincinnati. 
 O-Na-We-Quah, and Other Poems, LaPorte, 
 
 Ind., 1856. 
 The Spectral Bride and Other Poems, La- 
 Porte, Ind., 1857. 
 Giles & Co.; Or, Views and Interviews Con- 
 cerning Civilization, Indianapolis, 1878. 
 Constancy, a Midsummer Night's Idyl, In- 
 dianapolis, 1881. 
 What Shall We Do for the Drunkard? 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1883. 
 Facts and Fancies (Light and Heavy). A 
 
 Metrical Melange, Cincinnati, 1896. 
 The Cliffords; Or, "Almost Persuaded," 
 
 Cincinnati, 1898. 
 Lost Poet, Cincinnati, 1901. 
 Insanity and the Insane, [Cincinnati?, 1902]. 
 
 EWART, FRANK CARMAN (Sept. 4, 1871- 
 Sept. 28, 1942), educator, was born in 
 Marietta, Washington County. He gradu- 
 ated from Denison University in 1892 and 
 did graduate work at the University of Chi- 
 cago and in Europe and Cuba. He taught 
 at Granville Academy, 1893-95, Denison 
 University, 1896-97, Kalamazoo College, 
 1897-99, and Colgate University, 1899- 
 1939. He annotated Rostand's L'Aiglon. 
 His death occurred in Hamilton, N. Y. He 
 wrote Cuba y las Costumbres Cubanas, Bos- 
 ton, [1919]. WWNAA 7 
 
 EWING, ELMORE ELLIS (Feb. 16, 1840- 
 Oct. 20, 1900), was born in Ewington, Gal- 
 
 lia County. He entered Ohio University in 
 
 1860, but two years later he enlisted as a 
 private in the 91st O.V.I. He was discharged 
 Dec. 4, 1864, on account of wounds and 
 settled in Portsmouth, where he became a 
 merchant and lived until 1895, when he 
 moved to the Pacific coast. His death oc- 
 curred in San Francisco. 
 
 The Story of the Ninety-first . . . , Ports- 
 mouth, 1868. 
 
 Bugles and Bells, or Stories Told Again 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1899. 
 
 EWING, HUGH BOYLE (Oct. 31, 1826- 
 June 30, 1905), was born in Lancaster, 
 Fairfield County. He attended the U. S. Mil- 
 itary Academy, but did not graduate. In 
 the gold rush of 1849 he made his way to 
 California via New Orleans, Texas, and 
 Mexico. He was ordered by his father, 
 Thomas Ewing, then Secretary of the In- 
 terior, to join an expedition to rescue emi- 
 grants trapped in the high Sierras. He be- 
 gan the practice of law in St. Louis in 
 1856 and then moved to Leavenworth, 
 Kan., to practice with his younger brother 
 Thomas, his foster-brother William Tecum- 
 seh Sherman (q.v.), and Dan McCook. In 
 1858 he returned to Ohio to take charge of 
 his father's saltworks. He was commis- 
 sioned in the Ohio Volunteers on May 6, 
 
 1861, and served brilliantly throughout the 
 war. He was breveted major general March 
 13, 1865, for "meritorious services" and 
 was discharged a year later. He served as 
 U. S. Minister to Holland, 1866-70, and 
 practiced law in Washington, D. C, until 
 1874, when he retired and returned to Ohio. 
 His death occurred in Lancaster. Besides the 
 titles below he published numerous maga- 
 zine articles and stories. 
 
 A Castle in the Air, New York, 1888. 
 The Black List; A Tale of Early California, 
 New York, 1893. 
 
 EWING, MAX ANDERSON (April 7, 1903- 
 June 16, 1934), was born in Pioneer, Wil- 
 liams County. While attending the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan, 1920-23, he was music 
 critic for the Ann Arbor Times-News. He 
 studied piano in New York, 1924-27, and 
 afterward lived in Europe. His residence 
 abroad furnished the background for a 
 novel, Going Somewhere, New York, 1933. 
 
 EWING, THOMAS (May 21, 1862-Dec. 7, 
 1942), lawyer, was born in Leavenworth, 
 Kan., of a family distinguished in Ohio his- 
 tory. His grandfather had been a Senator 
 from Ohio and a cabinet officer under three 
 Presidents; his father distinguished himself 
 in the Civil War and served in Congress as 
 
 
199 
 
 Fairchild, L. 
 
 a Representative from Ohio, 1877-81. The 
 third Thomas lived in Lancaster, 1870-81; 
 during this period he studied for two years 
 at University of Wooster. When his father 
 moved to New York City to practice law, 
 he accompanied him and completed his edu- 
 cation at Columbia University. He became 
 a successful patent lawyer. He published 
 some poems and translations of Horace, 
 a family history, and Jonathan; A Tragedy, 
 New York, 1902. WWW 2 
 
 EYSSEN, MARGUERITE FOLSOM (July 
 25, 1893- ), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County, but grew up in Wooster. 
 After graduating from the College of Woos- 
 ter in 1914, she taught in high schools in 
 Salem, Akron, and Wooster. A resident of 
 Bradford, Pa., she has published fiction in 
 many national magazines and a novel about 
 the development of the petroleum industry 
 in western Pennsylvania: Go-Devil, New 
 York, 1947. 
 
 FAGLEY, FREDERICK LOUIS (May 8, 
 1879-Aug. 25, 1958), clergyman, was born 
 in Bethel, Clermont County. He graduated 
 from Evansville College. Ind., in 1905, and 
 Oberlin Seminary in 1910. He was pastor 
 of Plymouth Congregational Church. Cin- 
 cinnati. 1911-14, and executive secretary of 
 the Cincinnati Federation of Churches, 
 1914-18. He afterward held various ex- 
 ecutive positions in the Congregational 
 Church. He published several books on re- 
 ligious education and church history, e.g., 
 Story of the Congregational Christian 
 Churches, Boston, 1941. WWW 3 
 
 FAIRCHILD, EDWARD HENRY (1816- 
 1889). clergyman and educator, brother of 
 James H. and George T. Fairchild (qq.v.), 
 was born in Massachusetts, but was brought 
 to Lorain County in his childhood. Before 
 his graduation from Oberlin College in 
 1838, he worked in Cincinnati for the edu- 
 cation of Negroes — a cause he championed 
 all his life. He was a pastor until 1853, 
 was principal of the Oberlin Preparatory 
 Department. 1853-69, and was president of 
 Berea College, Ky., 1869-89. Some of his 
 addresses were reprinted as pamphlets. 
 Historical Sketch of Oberlin College, Spring- 
 field, 1868. 
 Berea College, an Interesting History, Be- 
 rea, Ky., 1875. 
 
 FAIRCHILD, GEORGE THOMPSON (Oct. 
 6, 1838-March 16, 1901), educator and 
 clergyman, brother of James H. and Ed- 
 ward H. Fairchild (qq.v.), was born in 
 Brownhelm. Lorain County. He graduated 
 from Oberlin College in 1862 and the 
 Theological School in 1865. He taught at 
 Michigan Agricultural College. 1865-79, 
 where he was ordained to the Congrega- 
 tional ministry in 1871, was president of 
 
 Kansas State Agricultural College, 1879- 
 97, and was vice-president of Berea College, 
 1898-1901. He died in Columbus. 
 Rural Wealth and Welfare . . . , New York, 
 1900. 
 
 FAIRCHILD, JAMES HARRIS (Nov. 25, 
 1817-March 19, 1902), educator, brother 
 of Edward H. and George T. Fairchild 
 (qq.v.), was born in Stockbridge, Mass. 
 When James was a year old, his father 
 migrated to the Western Reserve. In 1834, 
 the year after Oberlin College was founded, 
 he entered the freshman class. The re- 
 mainder of his life was associated with that 
 institution: as a tutor, 1838—42, as profes- 
 sor of languages, of mathematics, and later 
 of moral philosophy and theology, 1842- 
 66 and 1889-98, and as president, 1866- 
 89. He published numerous sermons and 
 artic'es in addition to the titles below. 
 The Joint Education of the Sexes. A Re- 
 port . . . , Oberlin, 1852. 
 Early Settlement and History of Brownhelm 
 
 . . . , Oberlin, 1867. 
 Moral Philosophy; Or, the Science of Ob- 
 ligation, New York, 1869. 
 Woman's Right to the Ballot, Oberlin, 
 
 1870. 
 Oberlin: The Colony and the College, 1833- 
 
 1883, Oberlin, 1883. 
 Elements of Theology, Natural and Re- 
 vealed, Oberlin, 1892. 
 
 FAIRCHILD, LUCIUS (Dec. 27, 1831-May 
 23, 1896), soldier and diplomat, was born 
 in Kent, Portage County, where his par- 
 ents had migrated from New England. In 
 1846 the family moved to Wisconsin, and 
 Lucius' later career is associated chiefly 
 with that state. In 1849 he joined the gold 
 rush to California and remained until 1855. 
 His letters, published in 1931. are his only 
 
Fairfax 
 
 200 
 
 claim to literary distinction. He served with 
 Wisconsin troops during the Civil War, was 
 governor of Wisconsin for six years, filled 
 various diplomatic posts abroad, and was 
 active in the affairs of the G.A.R. 
 California Letters of Lucius Fairchild, (Jo- 
 seph Schafer, ed.), Madison, Wis., 1931. 
 
 FAIRFAX, L. Pseud. See Celia L. Connelley. 
 
 FAIRFIELD, EDMUND RURKE (Aug. 7, 
 1821-Nov. 17, 1904), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Parkersburg, Va., but 
 had several terms of residence in Ohio. He 
 graduated from Oberlin College in 1842 
 and the seminary in 1845. He was pastor 
 of the Congregational church in Mansfield 
 from 1859 to 1875 and again, after a rather 
 stormy educational career in various states, 
 from 1896 to 1900. He died in Oberlin. He 
 published numerous sermons, addresses, and 
 articles. His review of the Beecher-Tilton 
 case was first published in the Mansfield 
 Herald: Wickedness in High Places . . . , 
 [Mansfield], 1874. 
 
 FAISON, MABEL HURRARD (May 10, 
 1884-July 3. 1946), educator, was born in 
 Cincinnati. Hamilton County. She gradu- 
 ated from the University of Cincinnati. She 
 married Sherwood B. Faison, a Cincinnati 
 contractor. She was a teacher in the Cin- 
 cinnati schools for twenty years. She col- 
 laborated on several books with Mamie L. 
 Hammel (q.v.), using the pen name Ham- 
 mel Johnson, and also wrote a book for 
 children: Scalawag the Scottie, New York, 
 [1940]. 
 
 FALCONRRIDGE. Pseud. See Jonathan F. 
 
 Kelley. 
 
 FALKNER, LEONARD (July 7, 1900- ), 
 journalist, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He attended public schools there 
 and also studied briefly at Ohio State Uni- 
 versity. He has worked on the New York 
 Post and is now feature editor for the New 
 York World-Telegram & Sun. He has also 
 been a staff writer for American Magazine 
 and has published stories and articles in 
 numerous other magazines. His first novel 
 was a mystery story: Murder Off Broadway, 
 New York, [1930]. WWNAA 6 
 
 FALSTAFF, JAKE. Pseud. See Herman 
 Fetzer. 
 
 FARRER, MILTON L. (July 14, 1902- ), 
 lawyer, was born in Philadelphia, but has 
 lived in Ohio since 1910. He graduated 
 from Ohio Stote University in 1923 and the 
 
 Law School in 1926. He practices in Colum- 
 bus. He has written a humorous account of 
 the legal profession: Blackstone and White 
 Rock, New York, 1948. 
 
 FARGO, LUCILE FOSTER (Oct. 18, 1880- 
 ), librarian, born in Lake Mills, Wis., 
 was associated with the school libraries in 
 Akron, 1929-30, and was a member of the 
 Library School faculty, Western Reserve 
 University, 1937^45. She now lives in Ber- 
 keley, Calif. In addition to articles and 
 books on library work, she has written 
 Prairie Girl, New York, 1937. WW 28 
 
 FARIS, LILLIE ANNE (Nov. 13, 1868- 
 March 6, 1945), educator, was born in 
 Lynchburg, Highland County. She gradu- 
 ated from Lynchburg High School at the 
 age of fourteen and afterward taught in the 
 county schools. She taught also in Marietta 
 and in the training school, Ohio University. 
 She was on the editorial board of Standard 
 Publishing Company, Cincinnati, and pre- 
 pared many texts and manuals for use in 
 Sunday schools. She also published a book 
 about Longfellow: A Study of the Children's 
 Poet, Dansville, N. Y., [1904]. 
 
 FARMER, ELIHU JEROME (1836-Dec. 27. 
 1900), businessman, was born in Cleveland. 
 Cuyahoga County. In 1864 he married 
 Lydia Hoyt (see Lydia H. F. Painter). An 
 advocate of free silver, he published a book 
 of statistics in addition to the titles below. 
 The Resources of the Rocky Mountains 
 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1883. 
 The Conspiracy against Silver . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1886. 
 
 FARMER, JAMES EUGENE (July 5, 1867- 
 May 31, 1915), educator, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, the son of 
 Lydia H. and Elihu J. Farmer (qq.v.). He 
 graduated from Yale University in 1891 
 and afterward was a teacher in St. Paul's 
 School, Concord, N. H, 1894-1908. He 
 died in New York City. 
 Essays on French History . . . , New York, 
 
 1897. 
 The Grenadier; A Story of the Empire, New 
 
 York, 1898. 
 The Grand Mademoiselle . . . , New York, 
 
 1899. 
 Br in ton Eliot from Yale to Yorktown, New 
 
 York, 1902. 
 Versailles and the Court under Louis XIV, 
 
 New York, 1905. 
 
 FARMER, LYDIA HOYT. See Lydia H. F. 
 Painter. 
 
201 
 
 Fawley 
 
 FARNY, HENRY F. (July 15, 1847-Dec. 23, 
 1916), artist, was born in Alsace-Lorraine. 
 Best known for his paintings of the Indian 
 and the Far West, he seems out of place 
 in this galaxy of writers, great and near 
 great. Yet his claim to inclusion, though 
 tenuous, is none the less authentic, not so 
 much for his one book as for his association 
 with two other Ohio authors. With Lafcadio 
 Hearn (q.v.) he was co-editor of the short- 
 lived and strangely named Ye Giglampz, 
 which aspired to be the American Punch. 
 For nine weeks during the summer of 1874 
 these two young men, Farny 27 and Hearn 
 24, struggled to produce this magazine. 
 Hearn's annotations in his own file, now in 
 the Cincinnati Public Library, show that 
 Farny contributed articles, illustrations, and 
 cartoons. William H. McGuffey (q.v.) and 
 his readers are inseparable from the literary 
 history of the Midwest. For many years 
 they enjoyed a tremendous vogue. Sales, 
 however, were lagging in the 1860s and 
 1870s, as Eastern competition was captur- 
 ing the Western market. Farny comes into 
 the picture as illustrator for the edition of 
 1879. The complete series was revised with 
 Farny as de facto art editor. He drew many 
 of the illustrations in the Primer, the six 
 Readers, and the Speller, including title 
 pages, tailpieces, and text illustrations. Of a 
 total of over 300, more than a fourth are 
 by him, and he is the only artist to appear 
 in each of the series. They are authentic 
 McGuffey, in keeping with the elevated 
 moral tone, as they picture the everyday 
 life and familiar activities of the rural Mid- 
 west. Leadership was recaptured and all 
 previous sales records were exceeded. That 
 Farny took pride in his share of the work 
 we learn from his statement that he had 
 "introduced a new and decent kind of school 
 book illustration." His one recorded book 
 (probably only twelve copies were issued) 
 would be classed by bookmen as "Curiosa" 
 or "Facetiae." 
 
 Carl Vitz 
 The Lady and the Flea, [Cincinnati, c.1896]. 
 
 FARNY. MARGARET WITHROW (July 
 12, 1898- ), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She graduated from Wel- 
 lesley College. She married Eugene Farney 
 and now is living in San Rafael, Calif. She 
 has written a biography of her father, John 
 Murphy Withrow, Cincinnati surgeon and 
 educator: Sevenmile Harvest . . . , [Cald- 
 well, N. J., 1942]. 
 
 FARQUHAR, RORERT. See Ross Farquhar. 
 
 FARQUHAR, ROSS (Oct. 30, 1883-July 1, 
 1938), publisher, was born in Gratis. Preble 
 
 County. In 1901 he settled in Franklin, 
 where he was associate editor of the Frank- 
 lin Chronicle and in 1928 established the 
 Farquhar Play Bureau, which specialized in 
 plays for amateur groups. He wrote a num- 
 ber of skits, monologues, and plays, some in 
 collaboration with his son, Robert Farquhar 
 (Sept. 20, 1908- ), e.g., Hurricane Hal 
 . . . , Franklin, 1928. 
 
 FARQUHARSON, MARTHA. Pseud. See 
 Martha Finley. 
 
 FAULEY, WILDER FINLEY (Oct. 15, 1872- 
 Dec. 21, 1942), journalist, was born in Ful- 
 tonham, Muskingum County. He graduated 
 from Fultonham Academy in 1890 and 
 afterward studied music in Philadelphia. He 
 contributed historical articles to the Book- 
 man and other national magazines, and 
 served on the staff of several New York 
 newspapers, 1900-09. In 1909 he joined the 
 staff of the New York Times. He wrote 
 several melodramas and novels, some of 
 which he published under the name Wilber 
 Fawley, e.g., Jenny Be Good, New York, 
 [1919], and Virginity, a Novel, New York, 
 [1931]. 
 
 FAULKNER, EDWARD H. (July 31, 1886- 
 ), was born in Lot, Ky. He became a 
 county agent in Ohio in 1918, was in the 
 insurance business, 1926-40, and was farm 
 editor of radio station WTAM, Cleveland, 
 1943-44. He now lives in Elyria. He has 
 published at least four books on agricul- 
 ture, including a study of its economic as- 
 pects: Uneasy Money, Norman, Okla., 1946. 
 
 FAUST, SAMUEL D. (Nov. 24, 1852-July 
 12, 1929), clergyman, was born near Rox- 
 bury, Pa. He graduated from Bonebrake 
 Theological Seminary in 1884 and Lebanon 
 Valley College in 1889. Ordained to the 
 ministry of the United Brethren in Christ 
 Church in 1888, he served churches in 
 Pennsylvania and Colorado, 1884-93, and 
 afterward taught at Bonebrake Seminary 
 and was also on the staff of the United 
 Brethren Printing Establishment, Dayton. 
 His writings include Regeneration, Dayton, 
 1902. WWW 1 
 
 FAWCETT, MARY HUESTIS (May, 1843- 
 ? ), was born in Ohio. She attended Mount 
 Pleasant Seminary. For many years she 
 contributed both prose and verse to pe- 
 riodicals. 
 
 Poems, Cincinnati, 1880. 
 Marguerite; Or, the Quaker Minister's 
 Daughter, Chicago, 1906. 
 
 FAWLEY, WILBER. See Wilber F. Fauley. 
 
Feather 
 
 202 
 
 FEATHER, WILLIAM (Aug. 25, 1889- ), 
 publisher, was born in Jamestown, N. Y. 
 He graduated from Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity in 1910, was a reporter on the 
 Cleveland Press, 1910-15, and organized his 
 own printing and publishing company in 
 1916. He published William Feather's Mag- 
 azine and a number of books and pam- 
 phlets, e.g., The Ideals and Follies of Busi- 
 ness, Cleveland, [1927]. WW 30 
 
 FEE, WILLIAM INGRAM (Feb. 15, 1817- 
 1900), clergyman, was born in Felicity. 
 Clermont County, a town founded by his 
 father and grandfather. After graduating 
 from Augusta College, Ky., in 1842, he was 
 licensed to preach by the Methodist church. 
 He served on circuits in southern Ohio, 
 West Virginia, and Kentucky, 1842-52, and 
 afterward served churches in Hillsboro. 
 Cincinnati, Dayton, Springfield, Piqua, and 
 other communities. Both of the books listed 
 below are autobiographical. 
 Bringing the Sheaves . . . , Cincinnati, 1896. 
 Garnered Sheaves . . . , Cincinnati, 1900. 
 
 FELCH, WILLIAM FARRAND (Aug. 30, 
 1855-June 8, 1930), journalist, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Columbus 
 and Salem. He wrote Memorial History of 
 the Fetch Family in America, which is said 
 to have been published in five parts, but 
 only two are known to exist. In 1884 he 
 founded the Western Critic in Columbus, 
 which expired after the appearance of a 
 few numbers; equally short-lived was the 
 Inland Monthly, which appeared the fol- 
 lowing year. 
 Legends and Lyrics, Columbus, 1882. 
 
 FELL, FREDERICK. Pseud. See Edmond M. 
 Hamilton. 
 
 FELTER, HARVEY WICKES (June 15, 
 1865-Oct. 27, 1927), physician, was born 
 in Rensselaerville, N. Y. He received his 
 M.D. degree from Eclectic Medical Insti- 
 tute, Cincinnati, in 1888, began practice in 
 Cincinnati in 1889, and joined the Institute 
 faculty in 1891. He wrote a number of 
 medical books, including History of the 
 Eclectic Medical Institute . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1902. WWW 1 
 
 FENN, PERCY THOMAS (Oct. 23, 1892- 
 ), educator, was born in Yonkers, N. Y. 
 He graduated from Hobart College in 1915 
 and from Harvard University (Ph.D.) in 
 1922. He has been on the political science 
 faculty of Oberlin College since 1927. Be- 
 sides professional articles, he has published 
 
 The Development of the Constitution, New 
 York, [1948]. WW 30 
 
 FENNELL, MARK (May 6, 1844-April 30, 
 1931), was born in England. He worked in 
 a Cleveland rolling mill and died in that 
 city. His book, copies of which are now 
 extremely scarce, maintains that the steam 
 engine was seen by Biblical prophets in 
 their visions. 
 
 The Steam Engine Fulfilling Prophecy . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1891. 
 
 FENNEMAN, NEVIN M. (Dec. 26, 1865- 
 July 4, 1945), geologist, was born in Lima, 
 Allen County. He graduated from Heidel- 
 berg College in 1883 and the University of 
 Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1901. He was a mem- 
 ber of the University of Cincinnati faculty 
 from 1907 to 1937. He wrote numerous 
 government bulletins, professional articles, 
 and textbooks, and Geology of Cincinnati 
 and Vicinity, Columbus, 1916. WWW 2 
 
 FENNER, CORNELIUS GEORGE (Dec. 20, 
 1822-Jan. 4, 1847), clergyman, was born in 
 Providence, R. I. He was a Unitarian min- 
 ister, and for a time before his death in 
 Cincinnati he occupied the pulpit of James 
 Handasyd Perkins (q.v. ). He published 
 Poems of Many Moods, Boston, 1846. 
 
 FENNER, MRS. JESSE A. See Marian W. 
 Wildman. 
 
 FENTON, FRANK E. (Feb. 13, 1904- ), 
 was born in Liverpool, England, and lived 
 in Columbus for 22 years. He attended 
 Columbus schools, graduated in journalism 
 from Ohio State University in 1927, and 
 afterward became a scenario writer in Hol- 
 lywood. He now lives in Los Angeles. He 
 has published stories and articles in various 
 magazines and a novel: A Place in the Sun, 
 New York, [1942]. 
 
 FERGUSON, CHARLES D. (1832-?), was 
 born in Aurora, Portage County. In 1849 
 he crossed the plains to California, where 
 he worked in the gold fields until 1852, 
 when he went to Australia. There he drifted 
 from one mining camp to another. With the 
 exploits of the horse-tamer John T. Rarey 
 (q.v.) in England filling the newspapers, 
 Ferguson set himself up as an "Australian 
 Rarey" in 1857 and appears to have had 
 considerable success. After drifting from 
 one job to another, he finally returned to 
 Ohio in 1883 and was living in Farmington 
 in 1888. His narrative of his experiences, 
 though a bit disjointed, is entertaining and 
 valuable. 
 
203 
 
 Fetterman 
 
 The Experiences of a Forty-niner during 
 Thirty-four Years Residence in Califor- 
 nia and Australia, (Frederick T. Wallace, 
 ed.), Cleveland, 1888. 
 
 FERGUSON, JOHN BOHN (June 10, 1879- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Camden, 
 Preble County. After graduating from 
 Miami University in 1903 and from Prince- 
 ton Theological School in 1907. he was or- 
 dained to the Presbyterian ministry and 
 served churches in Ohio. Indiana, and the 
 Philippine Islands. Now retired, he lives in 
 Indianapolis, Ind. He has written an ac- 
 count of his service with the Y.M.C.A. dur- 
 ing World War I and articles and books 
 on religious topics, e.g., Worship in the 
 Church . . . , [Philadelphia, 1938]. 
 
 FERGUSON, JOHN DELANCEY (Nov. 13, 
 1888- ), educator, born in Scottsville, 
 N. Y., was a member of the English de- 
 partments of three Ohio colleges: Heidel- 
 berg, 1914-18, Ohio Wesleyan, 1918-30, 
 and Western Reserve, 1930-44. He has pub- 
 lished a number of articles, textbooks, and 
 biographies, e.g., Mark Twain: Man and 
 Legend, Indianapolis, [1943]. WW 29 
 
 FERM, VERGILIUS TURE ANSELM (Jan. 
 6, 1896- ), educator, was born in Sioux 
 City, Iowa. He has been on the philosophy 
 faculty of the College of Wooster since 
 1927. A prolific writer, he has published 
 many articles and books, e.g., What Can We 
 Believe?, New York, [1948]. WW 30 
 
 FERNALD, JAMES CHAMPLIN (Aug. 18, 
 1838-Nov. 10, 1918), clergyman and edi- 
 tor, was born in Portland, Maine. After 
 graduating from Harvard University in 
 1860 and Newton Theological Institution in 
 1863, he was ordained to the Baptist min- 
 istry. He served Ohio churches in Clyde. 
 McConnelsville. Galion. Springfield, and 
 Garretsville, 1876-89. He was an ardent 
 prohibitionist, and his writings in this field 
 caught the attention of Isaac K. Funk (q.v.), 
 who took him to New York as an assistant 
 editor of the Homiletic Review. He later 
 served on the staff of the Standard Dic- 
 tionary; he also compiled a number of Eng- 
 lish textbooks. 
 The Economics of Prohibition, New York, 
 
 1890. 
 The New Womanhood, New York, 1891. 
 English Synonyms and Antonyms . . . , New 
 
 York, 1896." 
 The Imperial Republic, New York, 1898. 
 The Spaniard in History, New York. 1898. 
 True Motherhood, New York, 1900. 
 Scientific Sidelights . . . , New York, 1903. 
 
 FERRIL, HELEN RAY (Oct. 31, 1897- 
 ), journalist, was born in Columbus. 
 Franklin County, the daughter of Franklin 
 A. Ray, an engineering professor at Ohio 
 State University for over fifty years. She 
 graduated in music from Denison Univer- 
 sity in 1918 and completed nurse's train- 
 ing at St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago, in 
 1921. She and her husband, Thomas H. 
 Ferril. own and publish the Rocky Moun- 
 tain Herald in Denver, Colo. A column that 
 she wrote for that newspaper led to the 
 publication of a humorous volume: The 
 Indoor Birdwatcher's Manual, New York, 
 [1950]. 
 
 FERRIS, THEODORE N., JR. (Feb. 28, 
 1920- ), editor, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from West- 
 ern Reserve University in 1946 and served 
 for a time as associate editor of American 
 Fruit Grower. He is now editor of publi- 
 cations, Fenn College. He has published a 
 volume of poems: Man's World, Chicago, 
 1948. 
 
 FESS, SIMEON DAVIDSON (Dec. 11, 
 
 1861-Dec. 23, 1936), educator and legis- 
 lator, was born near Harrod, Allen County. 
 Supporting himself by teaching country 
 schools, he attended Ohio Northern Univer- 
 sity. Immediately after his graduation in 
 1889, he was appointed professor of Amer- 
 ican history. He graduated from the Ohio 
 Northern law school in 1894 and from 1896 
 to 1900 was dean of the school. From 1907 
 to 1917 he was president of Antioch Col- 
 lege. He was a member of the House of 
 Representatives, 1912-22. and the Senate, 
 1922-34. He was nationally prominent as a 
 spokesman for the conservative wing of the 
 Republican Party and for the most uncom- 
 promising prohibitionists. He published sev- 
 eral textbooks, many of his Congressional 
 speeches, and The History of Political 
 Theory and Party Organization in the 
 United States . . . , Dansville, N. Y., [1907]. 
 DAB 22 
 
 FETTERMAN, JOSEPH L. (March 20, 
 1897-April 12. 1953). physician and edu- 
 cator, born in Russia, was brought to 
 Cleveland by his parents in 1904. He at- 
 tended Cleveland schools and graduated 
 from Western Reserve University in 1918 
 and the School of Medicine in 1921. He 
 served on the Western Reserve faculty and 
 during World War II was a major in the 
 Medical Corps. He published two books on 
 neuropsychiatry and The Spinal Column, a 
 Series of Medical Sayings, Cleveland, 1940. 
 
Fetzer 
 
 204 
 
 FETZER, HERMAN (Jake Falstaff) (June 
 24, 1899-Jan. 17, 1936), was born in Sum- 
 mit County. The rich black muck of the 
 celery swamps around Copley produced 
 Jake Falstaff, whose enduring love for that 
 good earth distilled itself into poetry and 
 prose that have the authentic mark of Tight- 
 ness and permanence. To Swiss and Alsa- 
 tian parents he was born Herman Fetzer 
 on a farm in Maple Valley, now part of 
 Akron. In elementary school at Maple Val- 
 ley there was fortunately a wise teacher 
 who advised the boy who wrote poems 
 about death at the age of six to write in- 
 stead about the steamy summer sun on the 
 celery beds, the frosty creak of a barn door 
 in winter, and the local tales of Dick John- 
 son and Tecumseh in the neighborhood min- 
 gling with echoes of central European folk- 
 lore around the farm firesides. "I elected in 
 the wisdom of my boyhood to be a peas- 
 ant," he wrote. And his later writing career 
 as Jake Falstaff he considered a peasant ac- 
 complishment, "for it consists in the telling 
 of tales." The boy went to school at Ak- 
 ron's South and West High Schools, but 
 spent less than a month at the University 
 of Akron, deliberately deciding to go di- 
 rectly to books for his education, as he 
 went directly to newspaper work to earn 
 a living. After normal reportorial appren- 
 ticeship, he began in 1920 to write a col- 
 umn on the Akron Times, "Pippins and 
 Cheese." Except for a brief interlude in 
 Florida, he wrote this column for the Times 
 for ten years and continued it for four 
 more in the Beacon-Journal. He also wrote 
 a portion of the Centennial History of Ak- 
 ron (1925). His literary stature and repu- 
 tation steadily increased, and Franklin P. 
 Adams invited him to New York to write 
 a column in the World replacing his famous 
 "Conning Tower" during F.P.A.'s vacation. 
 This was the period of the publication of 
 Falstaff's first full-length books: The Book 
 of Rabelais (1928) and Reini Kugel, Lover 
 of This Earth (1929). Together with the 
 immediate success of his column in the 
 World, these brought many offers of a 
 New York career. Jake refused to consider 
 them. "Forgive me, hearty and amiable 
 city," his poem "Valedictory" began, "if, 
 having beheld your beauty, I go back to my 
 own places." Back he went, this time to the 
 Cleveland Press to resume his column "Pip- 
 pins and Cheese" and to do rewrites and 
 special features. There his associates knew 
 him as a superlative newspaper craftsman 
 who enjoyed the rough and tumble of the 
 city room. While he was writing his books, 
 his column, and a series of poems and ar- 
 ticles for The New Yorker, Collier's, the 
 
 Nation, the Ladies' Home Journal, and 
 other magazines, he always did his share of 
 the routine production of the newsroom as 
 well. While still in Akron on the Times, he 
 married Hazel Stevenson, a fellow staff- 
 member. He died suddenly on Jan. 17, 1936, 
 of pneumonia, just over 35 years old. Carl 
 Sandburg was only one of many who felt 
 that Falstaff's writing career, fruitful and 
 authentically productive though it was, had 
 really only begun — that his poems were 
 "the real thing," with "a curious finality 
 about them." His last books were post- 
 humous, largely made up from his news- 
 paper and magazine writing collected and 
 edited by his widow. They stand as proof of 
 the abiding excellence of the whole body of 
 that work, and of even greater promise cut 
 off by death. Posthumous publications were 
 Alice in Justice-land (1937), The Bulls of 
 Spring: The Selected Poems of Jake Fal- 
 staff (1937), How Reini Kugel Went to 
 Meet the Spring (1938), Jacoby's Corners 
 (1940), The Big Snow, Christmas at Ja- 
 coby's Corners (1941), and Come Back to 
 Wayne County (1942). 
 
 Willis Thornton 
 
 FEUER, LEONI (May 23, 1903- ), rabbi, 
 born in Hazelton, Pa., attended Cleveland 
 public schools, the University of Cincinnati, 
 and Hebrew Union College. Ordained a 
 rabbi in 1927, he served in Cleveland until 
 1935 and since then at Collingwood Avenue 
 Temple, Toledo. He has written several 
 books on the Jewish religion, e.g., On Be- 
 ing a Jew, New York, 1947. 
 
 FICK, HENRY H. (Aug. 16, 1849-March 23, 
 1935), educator, was born in Leubeck, Ger- 
 many. He came to America in 1864. He re- 
 ceived his Ph.D. at Ohio University in 1891. 
 He served as a teacher in the Cincinnati 
 public schools, 1870-92, as principal of the 
 Sixth District School, 1892-1901, as as- 
 sistant superintendent of public schools, 
 1901-03, and as supervisor of German from 
 1903 until his retirement in 1915. He wrote 
 a number of textbooks relating to the teach- 
 ing of history and literature and drawing. 
 He edited Erziehungsblaetter, 1889-1900, 
 and Jung Amerika, 1901-06. 
 Aesthetic Culture. An Essay, [Cincinnati?], 
 
 1881. 
 The Dance of Death. A Dissertation, New 
 
 York, 1887. 
 In Freud und Leid, Cincinnati, 1914. 
 
 FIERERGER, GUSTAVE JOSEPH (May 9, 
 1858-Oct. 18, 1939), army officer, was 
 born in Akron, Summit County. As an in- 
 structor at the U. S. Military Academy 
 
205 
 
 Filson, J. 
 
 from 1896 to 1922, he wrote a number of 
 textbooks and manuals for use by cadets, 
 e.g., Campaigns of the American Civil War, 
 [West Point, N. Y., 1914]. WWW 1 
 
 FIELD, ALFRED GRIFFITH (Nov. 7, 1850- 
 
 April 3, 1921), actor, was born Alfred G. 
 Hatfield in Leesburg, Va. He was reared in 
 Brownsville, Pa., and at an early age he 
 became a minstrel show performer and 
 actor and changed his last name to Field. 
 In the 1880s he settled in Columbus, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. He was 
 manager of Al G. Field's Greater Minstrels 
 and also operated a farm. He wrote an ac- 
 count of his life: Watch Yourself Go By 
 . . . , Columbus, 1912. OBB 
 
 FIELD, HOPE (Mrs. Richard P.) (Aug. 5, 
 1905- ), was born in Baltimore, Md., and 
 lived in Cincinnati from 1923 until 1942. 
 Under the pen name Field Williamson, she 
 published / Cried All Night, New York, 
 [1942]. Under her own name she published 
 other novels, including one that has part of 
 its action in Cincinnati: Stormy Present, 
 New York, 1942. 
 
 FIELD, JASPER NEWTON (March 25, 
 1855-March 21, 1929), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Union County. After 
 graduating from Denison University, he 
 served as pastor of Baptist churches in Can- 
 ton and in other states. A founder of Red- 
 lands University in California, he served as 
 its first president, 1909-14. Besides maga- 
 zine articles and separate addresses, he pub- 
 lished a collection of talks: Isms, Fads & 
 Fakes . . . , Indianapolis, [1904]. 
 
 FIELD, LOUISE A. See Adah L. Saalfield. 
 
 FIELD, SARA BARD (Sept. 1, 1882- ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, 
 but her family moved to Detroit, Mich., 
 when she was three years old. After grad- 
 uating from Western Reserve University, 
 she married Rev. Ehrgott. a Baptist min- 
 ister, and with him went to Burma. After 
 returning to the United States, her husband 
 was a pastor in Cleveland. When she and 
 her husband became Socialists, the congre- 
 gation's dismayed protests led to their mov- 
 ing to Portland, Oreg. Here she met and 
 later married the poet Charles Erskine Scott 
 Wood, whose poems she has edited. She also 
 lectured on women's suffrage and other sub- 
 jects. She is living in Los Gatos, Calif. She 
 has published several books of poems, e.g., 
 Darkling Plain, New York, 1936. TCA 
 
 FILLER, LOUIS (May 2, 1912- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Odessa, Russia. After 
 
 graduating from Temple University in 1934 
 and from Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 
 1943, he worked for the War Department 
 for two years. He has been a member of 
 the history department, Antioch College, 
 since 1946. He has published several books, 
 e.g., Crusaders for American Liberalism, 
 New York, [1939]. DAS 3 
 
 FILLMORE, JOHN COMFORT (Feb. 4, 
 1843-Aug. 14, 1898), pioneer musical edu- 
 cator, was born in Connecticut. He grad- 
 uated from Oberlin College in 1865 and 
 after a year's study in Leipzig was an in- 
 structor in the Oberlin music department, 
 1867-68. He wrote several books about mu- 
 sic history and education, including Piano- 
 forte Music: Its History, with Biographical 
 Sketches and Critical Estimates of Its Great- 
 est Masters, Chicago, 1883. 
 
 FILLMORE, PARKER HOYSTED (Sept. 
 21, 1878-June 5, 1944), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati in 1901. 
 He was a teacher in southern Luzon, Phil- 
 ippine Islands, 1901-04, and a member of 
 the bankinghouse of W. H. Fillmore and 
 Co., Cincinnati. 1904-18. Moving to New 
 York City, he lived in a Czech settlement 
 and began collecting Czechoslovakian leg- 
 ends and fairy tales. He died in Amherst, 
 Va. He wrote a number of books for chil- 
 dren, including several volumes of fairy 
 tales from various nations, e.g., Czech- 
 oslovak Fairy Tales, New York, 1919. WW 
 21 
 
 FILSON, DAVIDSON (June 5, 1829-March 
 8, 1899), was born in Franklin County, 
 Pa., and came to Steubenville in 1843. 
 There he conducted a book and periodical 
 store until 1863, when he became interested 
 in photography and established himself in 
 that business. He wrote his history of the 
 local schools while serving as a member of 
 the Steubenville Board of Education. His 
 death occurred in Steubenville. 
 Steubenville Public Schools . . . , Steuben- 
 ville, 1892. 
 
 FILSON, JOHN (c.1741-?), was born in 
 Pennsylvania. Around 1782 he journeyed 
 down the Ohio River to Kentucky. While 
 teaching school in Lexington, he wrote a 
 life of Daniel Boone, which was published 
 as an appendix to the book listed below 
 and later republished in many editions. He 
 traveled throughout Kentucky gathering 
 material for his book and also working as 
 a surveyor. Around 1788 he became a 
 partner of Matthias Denham of New Jersey, 
 
Findley, S. 
 
 206 
 
 who had purchased from John Cleves 
 Symmes 800 acres north of the Ohio River. 
 Filson laid out the streets of a town and 
 also supplied its name — Losantiville. The 
 town he mapped and helped to found be- 
 came Cincinnati. While exploring the 
 Symmes Purchase, he disappeared; the be- 
 lief on the frontier was that he had been 
 killed by Indians. 
 The Discovery, Settlement and Present State 
 
 of Kentucke . . . , Wilmington, [Del.], 
 
 1784. 
 
 FINDLEY, SAMUEL (Oct. 26, 1818-Nov. 2, 
 1889), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in West Middletown, Pa. His father made 
 a missionary trip into Ohio in 1818 to es- 
 tablish churches in Guernsey County, and 
 in 1824 he moved his family to Washing- 
 ton, Guernsey County. After graduating 
 from Franklin College in 1839, Samuel 
 studied in the seminary at Meadville, Pa. 
 In 1841 he was licensed by the Second 
 Presbytery of Ohio. He was president of 
 Madison College, Antrim, and served as a 
 school principal and as pastor in Troy, Day- 
 ton, Chillicothe, and several other Ohio 
 communities. At the time of his death he 
 was pastor of Roxabell Presbyterian Church. 
 Besides the title below, several of his ser- 
 mons were published. 
 
 Rambles among the Insects, Philadelphia, 
 1878. 
 
 FINDLEY, SAMUEL (Dec. 1, 1831-May 7, 
 1908), educator, was born on a farm near 
 New Concord, Muskingum County. He at- 
 tended Muskingum College and taught in 
 the schools of Xenia, Columbus, and Cleve- 
 land. In 1868 he was named superintendent 
 of Akron public schools, a position he held 
 for fifteen years. He also edited the Ohio 
 Educational Monthly, 1882-96. 
 The Teacher and His Work, Akron, 1899. 
 
 FINGER, CHARLES JOSEPH (Dec. 25, 
 1869-Jan. 8, 1941), was born in Willesden, 
 England, and came to America in 1887. He 
 traveled in South America, Africa, the 
 Klondike, and Mexico. From 1913 to 1920 
 he was general manager of a group of Ohio 
 railways. A prolific writer, he published ad- 
 venture stories, juvenile books, and several 
 Haldeman-Julius Little Blue Books. An ex- 
 ample of his 35 publications is David Liv- 
 ingstone; Explorer and Publisher, New 
 York, 1927. WWW 2 
 
 FINK, BRUCE (Dec. 22, 1861-July 10, 
 1927), botanist, was born in Blackberry, 
 111. He became professor of botany at 
 Miami University in 1906. His writings in- 
 
 clude numerous technical articles and books 
 on lichens, textbooks, and a widely read 
 discussion of the tobacco problem: To- 
 bacco, New York, [1915]. WWW 1 
 
 FINK, OLLIE E. (July 30, 1898- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Irville (Nashport), Mus- 
 kingum County. After graduating from 
 Muskingum College in 1922, he was a 
 teacher and principal in Zanesville and was 
 curriculum supervisor in charge of conser- 
 vation, State Department of Education. 
 Now retired, he lives at Hidden Acres Farm, 
 Zanesville. He has written articles and re- 
 ports on conservation and collaborated with 
 Homer L. Royer (q.v.) in writing Buckeye 
 Tales, Chicago, [1945]. 
 
 FINKELSTEIN, LOUIS (June 14, 1895- 
 ), rabbi and educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from the College of the City of New York 
 in 1915 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1918. He was rabbi of a New York City 
 synagogue, 1919-31, and since 1920 has 
 been associated with Talmud Jewish Semi- 
 nary — its president from 1940 to 1951 and 
 its chancellor since 1951. He has published 
 numerous articles, reviews, and books, e.g., 
 Jewish Self-government in the Middle Ages, 
 New York, 1924. WW 30 
 
 FINLAYSON, GRACE McCONAHY REIN- 
 INGER (June 17, 1885- ), was born in 
 Van Wert, Van Wert County, and now lives 
 in Los Angeles. She graduated from Van 
 Wert High School and later attended the 
 University of Arizona and the University 
 of California. Under the pen name Grace 
 Reini, she has published plays, poems, ar- 
 ticles, and stories, e.g., a one-act comedy, 
 Vines Keep Out the Sun . . . , Boston, 
 [1938]. WW AW 1 
 
 FINLEY, JAMES BRADLEY (July 1, 1781- 
 Sept. 6, 1856), clergyman, was born in 
 North Carolina, the son of a Methodist mis- 
 sionary and teacher. The family later settled 
 near Chillicothe. Though he studied medi- 
 cine to please his father and was admitted 
 to practice in 1800, James was determined 
 to be a hunter. His conversion to Method- 
 ism in 1801, however, led him into the 
 ministry. He entered the Ohio Conference 
 in 1809 and rode long, difficult circuits. He 
 was a missionary to the Wyandots, 1821-29, 
 and chaplain of the Ohio penitentiary, 1845— 
 49. The intervening and subsequent periods 
 were devoted to the active ministry. His 
 books were drawn chiefly from his journals. 
 He died in Cincinnati. 
 
 History of the Wyandot Mission, at Upper 
 Sandusky . . . , Cincinnati, 1840. 
 
207 
 
 Finley, M. 
 
 Memorials of Prison Life, (B. F. Tefft, ed.), 
 Cincinnati, 1851. 
 
 Autobiography of Rev. James B. Finley 
 . . . , (W. P. Strickland, ed.), Cincinnati, 
 1853. 
 
 Sketches of Western Methodism . . , (W. 
 P. Strickland, ed.), Cincinnati, [1854]. 
 
 Life among the Indians; Or, Personal Remi- 
 niscences and Historical Incidents Illus- 
 trative of Indian Life and Character, (D. 
 W. Clark, ed.), Cincinnati, 1857. 
 
 FINLEY, JEAN. Pseud. See Ella D. Lee. 
 
 FINLEY, JOHN (Jan. 11, 1797-Dec. 23, 
 1866), "the father of western humorous 
 poetry," was born in Brownsburg, Va. He 
 came to Cincinnati around 1816 and ap- 
 parently moved to Indiana in 1820, although 
 he was married in Yellow Springs in 1826. 
 He held several public offices in Indiana, 
 wrote many poems for newspapers, and 
 published one book: The Hoosier's Nest, 
 and Other Poems, Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
 FINLEY, MARTHA (April 26, 1828-Jan. 30, 
 1909), was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County. Around 1834 her parents moved to 
 South Bend, Ind., where she was educated. 
 In 1854 the family moved to the East, 
 where she taught school and wrote Sunday 
 school books, some under the name Far- 
 quharson, the Gaelic version of Finley. In 
 1876 she moved to Elkton, Md., where she 
 passed the remainder of her life. It would 
 be extraordinarily simple to dismiss all of 
 her books by baldly stating that as litera- 
 ture they were and are utterly and com- 
 pletely worthless; that they are mawkish, 
 bigoted, maudlin, and untrue; unreadable, 
 boring, and (this above all) incredibly un- 
 fair to the children who, by parental in- 
 junction or other necessity, were obliged to 
 read them. And by "other necessity" I mean 
 specifically the lack of other, superior, read- 
 ing matter designed for the juvenile mind. 
 It would be simple, and not unfashionable, if 
 you please, so to dismiss one of the most 
 read of our native American nineteenth- 
 century authors; it would also be unjust. 
 For, to be as angelically reasonable as Miss 
 Finley's own immortal Elsie Dinsmore, one 
 must not condemn Miss Finley but rather 
 her era; if her output wasn't what those 
 times demanded (and the demand for her 
 books was huge and still continues but in 
 a far lesser degree) the Elsie Dinsmore 
 series couldn't have survived. If Martha 
 Finley had been born not in 1828 as she 
 was, but in 1898 instead, she would have 
 risen to an eminence no less than the one 
 she achieved. For the later generation she 
 
 might have turned her talent to the crea- 
 tion of soap operas or inspirational novels, 
 or both, which, whether the present era 
 chooses to believe it or not, are no less 
 shoddy than Miss Finley's Clouds and Sun- 
 shine; Or, the Faith Brightened Pathway and 
 Willie Elton, the Little Boy Who Loved 
 Jesus, both of which, with other titles, 
 flowed from the Finley pen before Martha 
 Finley hit the mother lode in 1867 and 
 came up with Elsie Dinsmore. Unless one 
 is prepared to condemn virtually every 
 American juvenile author of (more or less) 
 the pre- 1865 period, one may not in justice 
 sneer at Martha Finley, who was, after all, 
 nothing more than the reflection of her 
 generation's avowed, not actual, attitude 
 toward life. This is not to say that Martha 
 Finley's books are therefore and of them- 
 selves worth reading; they are not, at least 
 not now. But they are, and should be pre- 
 served as, manifestations of a common 
 adult attitude toward children in the mid- 
 nineteenth century; and, further, as con- 
 crete examples of what a not unimportant 
 section of the adult American mind con- 
 sidered the ideal approach to the spiritual 
 life both now and hereafter. The Finley 
 books, in a real sense, were intended as 
 moral guides for the young. As to whether 
 or not the adults of that period felt them- 
 selves obliged to point up the preachment 
 by personal example need not concern us 
 here and now; that is a question for the 
 social historians and, more to the point, 
 too close an examination may embarrass the 
 shades of our elders. The fact of the matter 
 is that there was painfully little nondidactic 
 or nonmoralizing reading matter for the 
 juvenile when Martha Finley first broke 
 into print; and by comparison with much 
 that was then current and accepted, her out- 
 put wasn't too bad — which is the faintest 
 sort of praise where no praise is intended. It 
 wasn't until the 1860s that there was even 
 the suggestion of the richness that was to 
 come. Until that time the material pro- 
 duced specifically for the young was gener- 
 ally of such an impossible nature that chil- 
 dren were swift to turn to books written not 
 as juveniles but, rather, as adult books. It 
 is no accident that such adult works as The 
 Last of the Mohicans, Two Years before 
 the Mast, and The California and Oregon 
 Trail found ready acceptance among the 
 young — for whom they were not written, 
 and that a child of that period read these 
 and their like by choice and not by compul- 
 sion. The child also read, and these fall 
 into the same category, Robinson Crusoe, 
 The Adventures of Gil Bias, and The Auto- 
 biography of Baron Trenck. We have this 
 
Finley, M. 
 
 208 
 
 on the authority of one who was there: no 
 less an observer than Thomas Bailey Al- 
 drich, who, in his autobiographical The 
 Story of a Bad Boy (1870) declared that 
 as a boy the latter three were on his pre- 
 ferred reading list. Nor was it an accident 
 that such publications as the Beadle Dime 
 Novels, which, too, were intended for adults 
 and not children, found so wide a market 
 among eager young readers. So far as the 
 youngsters were concerned, there was noth- 
 ing else to read save a rare juvenile book 
 such as Goulding's The Young Marooners 
 (1852) and pitifully few others written with 
 the accent on entertainment and with moral 
 education either wholly lacking or well con- 
 cealed. It was an age in which masses of 
 juvenile books were issued by the Ameri- 
 can Sunday-School Union, the Presbyterian 
 Board of Publication, and other worthy 
 organizations. No great imagination is 
 needed to sense the type of material these 
 organizations were prepared to sponsor; but 
 if imagination fails, herewith are the guid- 
 ing principles as adopted by the American 
 Sunday-School Union. (Incidentally, ap- 
 pearance of this notice on the copyright 
 page of the Union's publications must have 
 been taken as fair enough warning by many 
 a nineteenth-century youngster.) The notice: 
 
 No books are published by the American 
 Sunday-School Union without the sanc- 
 tion of the Committee of Publication, 
 consisting of fourteen members, from the 
 following denominations of Christians, 
 viz. Baptist, Methodist, Congregational, 
 Episcopal, Presbyterian, Lutheran, and 
 Reformed Dutch. Not more than three 
 of the members can be of the same de- 
 nomination, and no book can be pub- 
 lished to which any [sic!] member of the 
 Committee shall object. 
 
 With shackles such as these the wonder is not 
 that Martha Finley wrote as she did, but 
 that she wrote at all. However, it was under 
 such sterile auspices that her first book was 
 produced: Ella Clinton; Or, by Their Fruits 
 Ye Shall Know Them, issued in Philadel- 
 phia by the Presbyterian Board of Publica- 
 tion in 1856. The Board, we may be cer- 
 tain, operated in the same antiseptic va- 
 cuum set up by the Union with (perhaps) 
 a few embellishments of its own. One may 
 argue that with the passage of time and the 
 emerging example of the St. Nicholas group 
 of juvenile authors, Martha Finley might 
 have been inspired to do something better 
 than her Elsie Dinsmore series; but this is 
 to suggest that she had an ability which her 
 books indicate she did not have. Or it might 
 be that having established a market (and 
 a large market it was) for her particular 
 
 brand of pap, she saw no reason to change 
 her formula. Martha Finley, like the bustle, 
 was the product of her time. She is to be 
 ridiculed no more, or less, than the authors 
 of the slush currently found acceptable by 
 no small portion of our adult population 
 which develops callouses listening to soap 
 operas or grows purblind absorbing the im- 
 measurable spate of trash spewed forth by 
 certain presses. Martha Finley is the spiri- 
 tual ancestor of some our most popular 
 writers. It seems fitting to append a few 
 extracts from Martha Finley's work — a few 
 will be ample, more than that would work a 
 cruel and unusual punishment. The first, most 
 naturally, is from one of the Elsie books, 
 Mildred's Married Life and a Winter with 
 Elsie Dinsmore (1882): 
 
 One stormy afternoon as the little girls 
 sat together in Elsie's dressing-room, 
 pleasantly busied in millinery and man- 
 tua-making for the family of dolls, Annie 
 said, "I read Oliver Twist while we were 
 at Holly Hall." 
 
 Elsie looked up in surprise. "Did you? 
 Would your father and mother let you 
 read such books?" 
 
 "Well," returned Annie, blushing, "I 
 never heard them mention Oliver Twist, 
 at all, and I peeped into it one day and 
 found it so interesting I just couldn't help 
 going on and reading the whole story. I 
 thought why shouldn't I read what Milly 
 and Brother Charlie and Cousin Horace 
 and Cousin Rose do?" 
 
 "Papa says," returned Elsie slowly, 
 "that I might as well ask why baby may 
 not eat everything that we older ones do." 
 
 "I suppose he means that our minds 
 haven't cut their teeth yet," said Annie, 
 laughing. "But don't you wish you were 
 grown up enough to read novels?" 
 
 "I don't know; I'd like to read them 
 dearly well, but I love to be papa's little 
 girl and sit on his knee." 
 
 "You'll do that when you're grown up," 
 remarked Annie with a wise nod of her 
 pretty head. "I'll tell you the story of 
 Oliver Twist if you want me to." 
 
 The offer was a tempting one, Elsie did 
 want so very much to know what became 
 of Oliver finally, and all about several of 
 the other characters in whom she had 
 become interested; for one minute she 
 hesitated; then said firmly, "It wouldn't 
 be right for me to hear it, Annie dear, 
 without papa's leave, and that I shouldn't 
 even dare to ask. But I thank you all the 
 the same." 
 
 "Elsie, you are so good and obedient 
 that you often make me feel ashamed of 
 myself," Annie said, with a look of hearty, 
 
209 
 
 Finley, M. 
 
 affectionate admiration into her cousin's 
 face. 
 
 The fair face crimsoned . . . 
 
 The observant reader might be permitted 
 to inquire how, without reading Oliver 
 Twist, Elsie came to know so much about 
 Oliver and the "other characters in whom 
 she had become interested"; but let us not 
 inquire and take a brief passage from Elsie 
 Dinsmore (1867), the first of the whole 
 noble series: 
 
 " 'Man looketh upon the outward ap- 
 pearance, but the Lord pondereth the 
 heart,' " said [seventeen-year-old] Rose, 
 gently. "No, dear Adelaide, you are mis- 
 taken; for I can truly say 'mine iniquities 
 have gone over my head as a cloud, and 
 my transgressions as a thick cloud.' Every 
 duty has been stained with sin, every mo- 
 tive impure, every thought unholy. From 
 my earliest existence, God has required 
 the undivided love of my whole heart, 
 soul, strength, and mind; and so far from 
 yielding it, I lived at enmity with Him, 
 and rebellion against His government, 
 until within the last two years. For seven- 
 teen years He has showered blessing upon 
 me, giving me life, health, strength, 
 friends, and all that was necessary for 
 my happiness; and for fifteen of those 
 years I returned Him nothing but ingrati- 
 tude and rebellion. For fifteen years I 
 rejected His offers of pardon and recon- 
 ciliation, turned my back upon the Sa- 
 viour of sinners, and resisted all the striv- 
 ings of God's Holy Spirit, and will you 
 say that I am not a great sinner?" Her 
 voice quivered . . . 
 
 In 1870 Louisa May Alcott issued her suc- 
 cessful An Old-Fashioned Girl. Soon there- 
 after Martha Finley published An Old- 
 Fashioned Boy and thereby, in spite of her 
 moral preachments, gave a curious demon- 
 stration of an ability to cut an occasional 
 corner. In format the Finley book was a 
 frank imitation of the Alcott production, 
 even to the tooling of the binding. Miss Al- 
 cott was properly incensed and promptly 
 and publicly protested. But imitation or not, 
 herewith an extract from An Old-Fashioned 
 Boy. The speakers are Fred Landon, age 
 seventeen, and his sister Elena, age four- 
 teen, who thus discuss the second marriage 
 of their widowed mother: 
 
 He dashed away a tear with the back 
 of his hand as he spoke. "But," he went 
 on, "I think you mistake in fancying that 
 this sudden second marriage proves her 
 love to our father to be less than we be- 
 lieved. Our father was like a strong, 
 sturdy oak, our mother a beautiful vine 
 
 clinging lovingly to him for support; and 
 when death tore them rudely asunder, the 
 lovely tendrils, reaching out in their blind 
 helpless agony, laid hold of a tree of a less 
 noble kind, vainly hoping to find in it an- 
 other oak. No, it was only because she 
 could not live without what she had lost in 
 being separated from my [sic!] father, that 
 she did this which has brought such grief 
 to us." 
 
 "And yet we ought not to grieve if it 
 has added to her happiness," murmured 
 Elena. 
 
 "If!" sighed Fred, turning away his 
 face; "ah, that doubt is the thorn whose 
 sting is the sharpest with me now, sister. 
 The more I see of Mr. Rush, the more 
 thoroughly convinced I am that he is 
 not the sort of man to make a gentle, 
 sensitive, refined woman like my [sic!] 
 mother, happy; and — I fear she is be- 
 ginning to find it out. I have been with 
 her half the afternoon, and I am sure she 
 is not happy; and we, sister, must do all 
 we can to supply to her all that she finds 
 lacking in her husband — the tender pro- 
 tecting love and care our father ever 
 lavished upon her." 
 
 "Oh, Fred, it breaks my heart to think 
 of the possibility of what you suspect!" 
 cried Elena, with a fresh burst of tears. 
 "Flowers could as well live without sun- 
 shine as our precious mother without 
 love. But she shall never be without it 
 while her son and daughter live. Ah, if 
 she had only been satisfied with what 
 they could give! We were so happy here 
 together; and now the dear home must 
 be forsaken, and all for what?" 
 Curtain! 
 
 Jacob Blanck 
 
 Ella Clinton . . . , Philadelphia, 1856. 
 Marion Harvey . . . , Philadelphia, [1857]. 
 Clouds and Sunshine . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1859. 
 Mysie's Work and How She Did It ... , 
 
 Philadelphia, [1864]. 
 Willie Elton, the Little Boy Who Loved 
 
 Jesus . . . , Philadelphia, [1864]. 
 Black Steve, or the Strange Warning . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, [1865]. 
 Elsie Dinsmore . . . , Philadelphia, [1867]. 
 Elsie's Holidays at Roselands . . . , New 
 
 York, [1868]. 
 Casella . . . , Philadelphia, [1869]. 
 Lilian; Or, Did She Do Right? . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, [1871]. 
 An Old-Fashioned Boy . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 [1871]. 
 Wanted — A Pedigree . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 [1871]. 
 Elsie's Girlhood . . . , New York, [1872]. 
 
Finley, R. 
 
 210 
 
 Our Fred . . . , New York, [1874]. 
 Elsie's Womanhood . . . , New York, [1875]. 
 Elsie's Motherhood . . . , New York, [1876]. 
 Signing the Contract, and What It Cost 
 
 . . . , New York, [1879]. 
 Elsie's Widowhood . . . , New York, [1880]. 
 Mildred and Elsie . . . , New York, [1881]. 
 Grandmother Elsie . . . , New York, [1882]. 
 Mildred's Married Life . . . , New York, 
 
 [1882]. 
 Elsie's New Relations . . . , New York, 
 
 [1883]. 
 Elsie at Nantucket . . . , New York, [1884]. 
 Mildred at Home . . . , New York, [1884]. 
 The Two Elsies . . . , New York, [1885]. 
 Elsie's Kith and Kin . . . , New York, 
 
 [1886]. 
 Mildred's Boys and Girls . . . , New York, 
 
 [1886]. 
 The Thorn in the Nest . . . , New York, 
 
 [1886]. 
 Elsie's Friends at Woodburn . . . , New 
 
 York, [1887]. 
 Christmas with Grandma Elsie . . . , New 
 
 York, [1888]. 
 Elsie and the Raymonds . . . , New York 
 
 [1889]. 
 Elsie Yachting with the Raymonds . . . 
 
 New York. [1890]. 
 Elsie's Vacation and After Events . . . 
 
 New York, [1891]. 
 Elsie at Viamede . . . , New York, [1892] 
 Elsie at Ion ... , New York, [1893]. 
 The Tragedy of Wild River Valley . . . 
 
 New York, [1893]. 
 Elsie at the World's Fair . , . , New York 
 
 [1894]. 
 Mildred's New Daughter . . . , New York 
 
 [1894]. 
 Elsie's Journey on Inland Waters . . . 
 
 New York, [1895]. 
 Elsie at Home . . . , New York, [1897]. 
 Elsie on the Hudson and Elsewhere . . . , 
 
 New York, [1898]. 
 Twiddledetwit; A Fairy Tale . . . , New 
 
 York, [1898]. 
 Elsie in the South . . . , New York, [1899]. 
 Elsie's Young Folks in Peace and War . . . , 
 
 New York, [1900]. 
 Elsie's Winter Trip . . . , New York, [1902]. 
 Elsie and Her Loved Ones . . . , New York, 
 
 [1903]. 
 Elsie and Her Namesakes . . . , New York, 
 
 [1905]. 
 
 FINLEY, RUTH EBRIGHT (Mrs. Emmet) 
 (Sept. 25, 1884-Sept. 24, 1955), was born 
 near Akron, Summit County. She attended 
 Oberlin College and Buchtel College. She 
 worked in an editorial capacity on numer- 
 ous periodicals, including the Cleveland 
 Press, 1911, Scripps-Howard newspapers, 
 1912-18, Washington, D. C, Herald, 1919, 
 
 and others. She died in Glen Cove, N. Y. 
 Her publications include numerous articles 
 and a biography: The Lady of Godey's, 
 Sarah Josepha Hale, Philadelphia, 1931. 
 WWW 3 
 
 FINN, FRANCIS JAMES (Oct. 4, 1859-Nov. 
 2, 1928), educator, was born in St. Louis. 
 Mo. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1879 
 and was ordained a priest in 1891. In 1897 
 he was appointed professor of literature at 
 St. Xavier's College, Cincinnati, where he 
 had taught earlier for a brief period. After 
 two years because of poor health he was 
 reassigned to St. Xavier's Church. He di- 
 rected the parish school for the remainder 
 of his life. He produced a series of books 
 for boys, most of them laid in Jesuit board- 
 ing schools and colleges. His first novel, 
 Percy Wynn, was published under the pen 
 name Neenah. 
 Percy Wynn; Or, Making a Boy of Him, 
 
 Chicago, [1889]. 
 Tom Playfair; Or, Making a Start, New 
 
 York, 1892. 
 Claude Lightfoot; Or, How the Problem 
 
 Was Solved, New York, 1893. 
 Harry Dee: Or, Making It Out, New York, 
 
 1893. 
 Mostly Boys. Short Stories, New York, 
 
 1895. 
 Ada Merton, St. Louis, Mo., 1896. 
 Ethelred Preston; Or, the Adventures of a 
 
 Newcomer, New York, 1896. 
 New Faces and Old; Short Stories, St. Louis, 
 
 Mo., 1896. 
 Echoes from Bethlehem. A Christmas 
 
 "Miracle," St. Louis, Mo., 1897. 
 My Strange Friend, New York, 1897. 
 That Football Game: And What Came of 
 
 It, New York, 1897. 
 The Best Foot Forward, and Other Stories, 
 
 New York, 1900. 
 His First and Last Appearance, New York, 
 
 1900. 
 "But Thy Love and Thy Grace," New York, 
 
 1901 
 The Fairy of the Snows, New York, 1913. 
 That Office Boy, New York, 1915. 
 Cupid of Campion, New York, 1916. 
 Lucky Bob, New York, 1917. 
 His Luckiest Years . . . , New York, 1918. 
 Facing Danger, New York, 1919. 
 Bobbie in Movieland, New York, 1921. 
 On the Run, New York, 1922. 
 Lord Bountiful, New York, 1923. 
 The Story of Jesus, [Chicago, 1924]. 
 Sunshine and Freckles, New York, 1925. 
 Candles' Beams, New York, 1926. 
 Father Finn, S. J., the Story of His Life 
 
 Told by Himself . . . , (Daniel A. Lord, 
 
 ed.), New York, 1929. 
 
211 
 
 Firey 
 
 FINNEY, BURNHAM (Dec. 22, 1899- ), 
 editor, was born in Portsmouth, Scioto 
 County. He graduated from the University 
 of Cincinnati in 1921, was associated with 
 the City Club and the Planning Commis- 
 sion, 1925-29, and was Cincinnati editor of 
 Iron Age. He lived in Detroit, 1930-38, 
 and has since lived in New York City. He 
 has written many articles for magazines and 
 a book: Arsenal of Democracy . . . , New 
 York, [1941]. WW 30 
 
 FINNEY, CHARLES GRANDISON (Aug. 
 29, 1792-Aug. 16, 1875), evangelist and 
 educator, was born in Warren, Conn., and 
 grew up in Oneida County, N. Y. He taught 
 school and studied law, but after his con- 
 version in 1821 he studied theology and was 
 ordained in 1824. For the next ten years 
 he conducted highly successful revivals in 
 Eastern cities. In 1832 his admirers bought 
 the Chatham Street Theater, New York City, 
 and remodeled it into the Broadway Taber- 
 nacle for his use. In 1836 he left the pres- 
 bytery and became a Congregationalist. 
 When a group of students from Lane Semi- 
 nary rebelled in 1835 and left the institution 
 for Oberlin, Finney was invited to form a 
 theological department at the college. With 
 the financial support of Arthur Tappan, he 
 undertook the task. For the rest of his life he 
 was intimately associated with Oberlin, serv- 
 ing as president of the college from 1851 
 to 1866 and as pastor of the First Congre- 
 gational Church from 1835 to 1872. Al- 
 though he occasionally conducted revivals 
 in the East and in England, the college was 
 the center of his interest. He advocated 
 abolition and strict abstinence and opposed 
 Masonry. His theology, however, was con- 
 sidered dangerously liberal by many right- 
 wing Calvinists. He died in Oberlin at the 
 age of 83. He published sermons and lec- 
 tures in addition to the titles listed below. 
 Lectures on Revivals of Religion, New 
 
 York, 1835. 
 Lectures to Professing Christians, Oberlin, 
 
 1836. 
 Lectures on Systematic Theology, 2 vols., 
 
 Oberlin, 1846-47. 
 The Reviewer Reviewed: Or, Finney's The- 
 ology and the Princeton Review, Oberlin, 
 1847. 
 The Character, Claims, and Practical Work- 
 ings of Freemasonry, Cincinnati, [1869]. 
 Memoirs of Rev. Charles G. Finney . . . , 
 New York, 1876. 
 
 1900 and did graduate work at Cornell Uni- 
 versity. He served as an assistant in the 
 soil survey conducted by the United States 
 Bureau of Soils, 1900-04, was on the Cor- 
 nell faculty, 1905-19, was director of agri- 
 cultural experiment stations in Haiti, and 
 an advisor to the Tennessee Valley Au- 
 thority. He wrote several books on agricul- 
 ture, e.g., Rural New York, New York, 
 1921. WWW 3 
 
 FIRESTONE, CLARK BARNABY (Sept. 10, 
 1869-June 3, 1957), journalist, was born 
 in Lisbon, Columbiana County. After grad- 
 uating from Oberlin College in 1911, he 
 worked on the New York Mail and Express, 
 1892-99, and the New York World, 1899- 
 1912. He returned to Lisbon in 1913 to 
 work in a bank, and in 1921 he joined the 
 staff of the Cincinnati Times-Star. He re- 
 tired in 1954. He wrote several travel books 
 and books about the Ohio River, e.g., Flow- 
 ing South, New York, [1941], also three 
 volumes of poems, e.g., The Winding Road, 
 Cincinnati, 1937. WWW 3 
 
 FIRESTONE, HARVEY SAMUEL (Dec. 20, 
 
 1868-Feb. 7, 1938), manufacturer, was 
 born in Columbiana, Columbiana County. 
 He was educated in a rural school and in 
 the local high school. While working as a 
 salesman for his uncle's buggy company, 
 he decided to enter the rubber business. A 
 company he established in Chicago in 1896 
 was sold for a profit after three years, and 
 Firestone moved to Akron, where he or- 
 ganized the Firestone Tire and Rubber 
 Company in 1900. The firm prospered, espe- 
 cially after orders from Henry Ford began 
 in 1906. A civic leader in Akron and a 
 major figure in the world rubber industry, 
 Firestone found time to write or assist in 
 the writing of three books, e.g., Rubber, Its 
 History and Devolopment, [Akron, 1922]. 
 He died in Miami Beach, Fla., and was 
 buried in Columbiana Cemetery. DAB 22 
 
 FIRESTONE, HARVEY SAMUEL, JR. 
 
 (April 20, 1898- ), executive, was born 
 in Chicago, 111., the son of Harvey S. Fire- 
 stone (q.v.). Since graduating from Prince- 
 ton in 1920, he has been associated with 
 the Firestone Rubber Company, Akron. A 
 series of his radio talks was published in 
 book form: The Romance and Drama of 
 the Rubber Industry, [Akron, 1932]. WW 
 30 
 
 FIPPIN, ELMER OTTERBEIN (Sept. 18, 
 1879-Dec. 26, 1949), agriculturist, was 
 born in Columbus, Franklin County. He 
 graduated from Ohio State University in 
 
 FIREY, MILTON JACOB (Aug. 16, 1839- 
 Dec. 27, 1908), clergyman, was born in 
 Clearspring, Md. He graduated from Witten- 
 berg College in 1862 and was ordained to 
 
Fischer 
 
 212 
 
 the Lutheran ministry in 1864. He later 
 served churches in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and 
 Kansas. He died in Philadelphia. He wrote 
 several theological works, e.g., Infant Salva- 
 tion . . . , New York, 1902. 
 
 FISCHER, MARTIN HENRY (Nov. 10, 
 1879- ), physician and educator, was 
 born in Kiel, Germany, and was brought 
 to America in 1885. He taught at Rush 
 Medical College, Chicago, and the Univer- 
 sity of California before joining the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati faculty, where he 
 served from 1910 to 1950. He has written 
 and translated a number of professional 
 books and articles in medicine and chem- 
 istry. He has also written In Praise of Man, 
 Springfield, 111., 1943. Howard Fabing has 
 compiled three volumes of his "divers ut- 
 terances": Fischerisms . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1930-44. 
 
 FISH, WILLISTON (Jan. 15, 1858-Dec. 19, 
 1939), lawyer, was born in Berlin Heights, 
 Erie County. He spent his youth in that 
 town except for three years near Burr Oak, 
 Mich. In 1876 he entered Oberlin. but the 
 following year he was appointed to the 
 U. S. Military Academy. After graduating 
 in 1881, he spent six years in the army 
 and then read law. He was admitted to the 
 Illinois bar in 1893 and practiced law and 
 engaged in the traction business in Chicago 
 until his retirement in 1923. Besides his two 
 novels, the first of which was published 
 under the pseudonym Fush, he wrote a 
 great many technical and popular magazine 
 articles. His most famous publication was 
 "A Last Will," first printed in Harper's 
 Weekly in 1898 and reprinted in newspapers 
 all over the country. 
 
 Won at West Point . . . , Chicago, 1883. 
 Short Rations, New York, 1899. 
 
 FISHBACK, WILLIAM PINCKNEY (Nov. 
 11, 1831-Jan. 15, 1901), lawyer and jour- 
 nalist, was born in Batavia, Clermont 
 County. After studying at Miami University 
 and Farmers' College, Cincinnati, he read 
 law with his father and was admitted to the 
 bar. In 1857, however, he moved to In- 
 dianapolis, Ind., where he practiced law 
 until his death. He was a journalist for 
 four years: on the staff of the Indianapolis 
 Journal, 1870-72, and St. Louis Democrat, 
 1872-74. Besides the titles below, he com- 
 piled a legal manual. 
 A Plea for Honest Elections, Indianapolis, 
 
 1886. 
 The Lawyer in Literature, Indianapolis, 
 
 1892. 
 Recollections of Lord Coleridge, Indiana- 
 polis, 1895. 
 
 FISHER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (Dec. 22, 
 1873-Oct. 26, 1916), manufacturer, was 
 born in Steubenville, Jefferson County. He 
 studied at DePauw University and Oberlin 
 College. He spent most of his life in Can- 
 ton and died in that city. Besides a volume 
 of essays on Francis Thompson, he pub- 
 lished at least two volumes of verse, e.g., 
 Life Harmonies, Canton, [1914]. 
 
 FISHER, DOROTHY CANFIELD (Feb. 17, 
 1879-Nov. 9, 1958), daughter of James H. 
 and Flavia C. Canfield (qq.v.), was born 
 in Lawrence, Kan. She lived in Columbus, 
 1895-99, while her father was president of 
 Ohio State University. After graduating 
 from Ohio State in 1899, she earned a doc- 
 torate in romance languages from Colum- 
 bia University. After her marriage to John 
 R. Fisher in 1907, she lived on a farm near 
 Arlington, Vt. She wrote a number of dis- 
 tinguished short stories and novels, the best 
 of them portraying rural Vermont, e.g., 
 Seasoned Timber, New York, [1939]. WW 
 30 
 
 FISHER, E. BURKE (17997-1859?), lawyer, 
 practiced law in Cleveland during the 
 1840s. He apparently came to the city from 
 Pittsburgh, where he was editing The Liter- 
 ary Examiner and Western Monthly Review 
 in 1839. Under the pen name Timothy 
 Jenkins he wrote two satires: The Bench 
 and Bar of Cuyahoga County. A Modern 
 Epic, Cleveland, 1843, and Wars of the 
 Barn-Burners of Cuyahoga County. An Epic 
 Extraordinary, Cleveland, 1844. He was 
 later a journalist in Columbus and re- 
 portedly died in South Bend, Ind. 
 
 FISHER, GEORGE ADAMS (July 10, 1835- 
 Jan. 20, 1904), was born near Calcutta, 
 Columbiana County. In 1853 he began 
 teaching school, but in 1857 with an older 
 brother he went to Texas to enter the cattle 
 business. In 1862, according to his book, 
 he was conscripted into the Confederate 
 army. He ran away within a few weeks and 
 reached Arkansas, where he was captured 
 and compelled to join the army again. His 
 next attempt to escape was successful, and 
 he reached St. Louis safely, returned to 
 Ohio, and resumed the profession of school 
 teaching in St. Clair Township. His death 
 occurred in Cleveland. 
 
 The Yankee Conscript: Or, Eighteen Months 
 in Dixie, Philadelphia, 1864. 
 
 FISHER, GEORGE CLYDE (May 22, 1878- 
 Jan. 7, 1949), naturalist, was born near 
 Sidney, Shelby County. He graduated from 
 Miami University in 1905 and Johns Hop- 
 kins University (Ph.D.) in 1913. He taught 
 
213 
 
 Fitch 
 
 in Ohio public schools and in various col- 
 leges before joining the staff of the Museum 
 of Natural History, New York City, in 1913. 
 He led numerous scientific expeditions. He 
 wrote articles and textbooks on astronomy 
 and nature study and The Life of Audubon, 
 New York, [1949]. WWW 2 
 
 FISHER, GEORGE JOHN (April 2. 1871- 
 ), Boy Scout executive, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Cincinnati College of Medicine in 
 1898. He was associated with the Y.M.C.A., 
 1892-1919, and with the Boy Scouts of 
 America from 1919 to the present. Besides 
 a volume of talks on scouting, he wrote, in 
 collaboration with Elmer Berry, The Phy- 
 sical Effects of Smoking . . . , New York, 
 1917. WW 30 
 
 FISHER, LENA LEONARD (Nov. 27, 1870- 
 March 1, 1930), was born in Pittsburgh. 
 Pa., daughter of Adna B. Leonard (q.v.). 
 She lived in Springfield, Dayton, and Cin- 
 cinnati, where her father served Methodist 
 churches; after her marriage to Rev. John 
 F. Fisher in 1896, she lived for a time in 
 Cleveland. She lectured throughout the 
 country on religious subjects, and was pro- 
 fessor of comparative religions at the Uni- 
 versity of Southern California, 1921-30. 
 She wrote numerous articles for religious 
 and general magazines and also published 
 three books on Methodist missions, e.g., 
 Lantern Stories . . . , New York, [1913]. 
 
 FISHER, SAMUEL WARE (April 5, 1814- 
 Jan. 18, 1874), clergyman, was born in 
 Morristown, N. J. He was called in 1847 to 
 succeed Lyman Beecher (q.v.) in the pul- 
 pit of Second Presbyterian Church, Cincin- 
 nati. He left Ohio in 1858 when he became 
 president of Hamilton College. Many of his 
 sermons and addresses were published sep- 
 arately as pamphlets, and a collection ap- 
 peared in 1860: Occasional Sermons and 
 Addresses, New York, 1860. 
 
 FISHER, STOKELY S. (Aug. 8, 1865-May 
 30, 1924), clergyman and educator, was 
 born near Graysville, Monroe County. He 
 served as pastor of a number of Methodist 
 churches between 1883 and 1913. He was 
 also president of West Lafayette College, 
 1904-06. and from 1913 until his death 
 was a member of the faculty of Kansas 
 City University. 
 Lelia Lee, and Other Poems, Cambridge, 
 
 1885. 
 Fanny Fay, and Other Poems, Wellsville, 
 
 1886. 
 Poems of Life, Kansas City, Kan., 1925. 
 
 FISHER, WILLIAM HUBBELL (Jan. 2, 
 1837-Oct. 6, 1909), lawyer, was born in 
 Albany. N. Y., but after he was three years 
 old lived in Cincinnati, where his father was 
 a Presbyterian minister. He graduated from 
 Hamilton College in 1864, studied law at 
 Columbia University, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1867. He practiced in Utica, 
 N. Y., 1867-70, and thereafter in Cincin- 
 nati. His death occurred in Cincinnati. 
 Poems on Mont Blanc and Switzerland, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1898]. 
 
 FISK, GEORGE MYGATT (July 16, 1864- 
 April 29, 1910), educator, was born in Can- 
 field, Mahoning County. He graduated from 
 the University of Michigan in 1890 and 
 afterward studied at several European uni- 
 versities, earning a Ph.D. at the University 
 of Munich in 1896. He was on the faculty 
 of the University of Illinois, 1902-08. He 
 wrote technical books and articles in the 
 fields of economics and politics, a textbook, 
 and Continental Opinion Regarding a Pro- 
 posed Middle European Tariff-Union, Balti- 
 more, 1902. WW 6 
 
 FISKE, ASA SEVERANCE (March 2, 1833- 
 July 30, 1925), clergyman, was born in 
 Strongsville, Cuyahoga County. He gradu- 
 ated from Amherst College in 1855, studied 
 at Andover and Yale Seminaries, and was 
 ordained to the Congregational ministry in 
 1860. He served as pastor of churches in 
 Minnesota. Connecticut, New York, Cali- 
 fornia, Washington, Pennsylvania, and 
 Louisiana. Besides the titles below, he con- 
 tributed articles to secular and religious 
 papers. 
 
 Reason and Faith, Washington, D. C, 1900. 
 Ruth; An Idyll of the Olden Time, Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1900. 
 
 FISKE, GEORGE WALTER (June 3, 1872- 
 Oct. 10, 1945), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Holliston, Mass. He graduated 
 from Amherst College in 1895 and Hart- 
 ford Theological Seminary in 1898. He 
 served as minister of several Congregational 
 churches, 1898-1907, and was a member 
 of the Oberlin College faculty, 1907-37. He 
 wrote a large number of books on religion 
 and religious education, including The 
 Christian Family, New York, [1929]. WW 
 24 
 
 FITCH, FLORENCE MARY (Feb. 17, 1875- 
 June 2, 1959), educator, born in Stratford, 
 Conn., grew up in Cincinnati and Buffalo, 
 N. Y. After graduating from Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1897, she taught in Buffalo for 
 three years, studied in Germany, and re- 
 
Fitch-Brewer 
 
 214 
 
 ceived her Ph.D. from the University of 
 Berlin in 1903. She was on the Oberlin 
 faculty, 1903-40, and after her retirement 
 continued to live in Oberlin. She published 
 several books on religious subjects, e.g., 
 One God; The Ways We Worship Him, 
 New York, [1944]. WW AW 1 
 
 FITCH-BREWER, ANNETTE. See Annette 
 F. Brewer. 
 
 FITE, EMERSON DAVID (March 3, 1874- 
 May 10, 1953), educator, was born in 
 Marion, Marion County. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1897 and Harvard Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1905. He was a member 
 of the Yale faculty, 1906-13, and Vassar 
 College faculty, 1913-44. He wrote a num- 
 ber of books on American politics and his- 
 tory, e.g., Government by Cooperation, 
 New York, 1932. WWW 3 
 
 FITZGERALD, PITT LOOFBOURROW 
 
 (Oct. 3, 1893- ), was born in Waterloo, 
 Fayette County. He attended the schools of 
 Washington Court House, and afterward 
 he studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of 
 Fine Arts and had private study under the 
 late N. C. Wyeth. He served in the 308th 
 Engineers in World War I. He is now pub- 
 lisher and art director of American Crea- 
 tive, Prescott, Ariz. He has written a num- 
 ber of historical novels for teen-age boys, 
 e.g., The Black Spearman, Philadelphia, 
 1934, concerning the Mound Builders, and 
 Drovers East, Philadelphia, [1940]. 
 
 FLAGG, WILLIAM JOSEPH (April 15, 
 1818-April 15, 1898), was born in New 
 Haven, Conn. After studying law and being 
 admitted to the bar in New York City, he 
 came to Cincinnati, where he married a 
 daughter of the elder Nicholas Longworth 
 (q.v.). In 1852 he bought a tract of land on 
 the Ohio River on which to raise grapes; 
 he also toured France to study grape-raising 
 and wine-making. In 1855 he built a cottage 
 of peeled white poplar logs, known as Buck- 
 horn Cottage, near Buena Vista. He and his 
 wife lived there for several years, and his 
 book Wall Street and the Woods describes 
 the wild hilly country around the cottage. 
 He died in New York City. 
 Abuses in the Navy. Case of Lieutenant 
 
 Flagg, [Cincinnati, 1851]. 
 Three Seasons in European Vineyards . . . , 
 
 New York, 1869. 
 A Good Investment . . . , New York, 1872. 
 Wall Street and the Woods, New York, 
 
 1885. 
 Yoga; Or, Transformation . . . , New York, 
 
 1898. 
 
 FLANNERY, M. JAY (Aug. 25, 1857-Jan. 
 20, 1920), educator, was born in Dayton, 
 Montgomery County. After teaching school 
 for a number of years, he graduated from 
 Heidelberg College in 1901. He afterward 
 taught Latin in Hamilton High School. He 
 published a volume of verse: Songs under 
 Open Skies, Cincinnati, [1912]. 
 
 FLASH, HENRY LYDEN (Jan. 20, 1835- 
 1914), once popular Southern poet, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. His 
 parents were native Jamaicans, both of 
 whom had been educated in England. In 
 1839 the family moved from Ohio to New 
 Orleans. Henry graduated from the West- 
 ern Military Institute in Kentucky in 1852. 
 He was on the staff of the Mobile, Ala., 
 Register for a while, but in 1857 he 
 went to Italy, where he spent a year and 
 served as correspondent to the New Orleans 
 Delta and the Montgomery, Ala., Mail. 
 His first volume of poems was published in 
 the summer of 1860 and is said to have 
 sold out in two months. Another edition of 
 his poetry was published in 1906. During 
 his service in the Confederate army, he 
 served as aide to Gen. W. J. Hardee, and 
 also served on the staff of Gen. Joe Wheeler. 
 Toward the close of the war, he became 
 editor of the Macon, Ga., Telegraph, and 
 it was during this period that he wrote 
 three war poems which achieved great 
 popularity throughout the Confederacy — 
 "Zollikoffer," "Jackson," and "Polk." Many 
 of his poems were published under the 
 pen name Lyden Eclair and under the nick- 
 name "Harry" Flash. After spending three 
 years in Galveston, Texas, following the 
 war, he returned to New Orleans and be- 
 came a successful businessman. He retired 
 in 1886 and moved to Los Angeles, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. 
 Poems, New York, 1860. 
 Poems, New York, 1906. 
 
 FLEISCHMANN, JULIUS (April 29, 1900- 
 ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He was educated at Franklin 
 School, Cincinnati, and Hotchkiss School, 
 Conn., and graduated from Yale University 
 in 1920. During World War II he served in 
 Canada and England as a naval attache. He 
 has published an account of a world cruise: 
 Footsteps in the Sea, New York, [1935]. 
 
 FLEISCHMANN, MAXIMILIAN CHARLES 
 
 (Feb. 26, 1877-Oct. 16, 1951), was born in 
 Riverside, Montgomery County, and was 
 educated in Cincinnati public schools and 
 Ohio Military Institute. At the age of eigh- 
 teen he entered the manufacturing depart- 
 
215 
 
 Flint, T. 
 
 ment of the Fleischmann Company and rose 
 to the chairmanship of the board. After his 
 retirement he lived in Nevada. He wrote for 
 private circulation After Big Game in Arc- 
 tic and Tropic; A Sportsman's Notebook 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1909. WWW 3 
 
 FLEMING, DANIEL JOHNSON (Jan. 30, 
 1877- ), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Xenia, Greene County. He gradu- 
 ated from University of Wooster in 1898 
 and Union Theological Seminary in 1903. 
 Ordained to the Presbyterian ministry, he 
 served on the faculty of Forman Christian 
 College, Lahore, India, 1904-13. In 1914 
 he earned a Ph.D. at the University of Chi- 
 cago. From 1918 to 1944 he was on the 
 faculty of Union Theological Seminary. His 
 residence in 1960 was in Claremont, Calif. 
 He has written many books on missions 
 and on the art of Asia and Africa, e.g., 
 Building with India, New York, [1922]. 
 WW 26 
 
 FLEMING, WALLACE BRUCE (Nov. 22, 
 1872-June 30, 1952), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Cambridge, Guernsey 
 County. He graduated from Muskingum 
 College in 1894, from Drew Theological 
 Seminary in 1897, and from Columbia Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1914. He was ordained 
 to the Methodist ministry in 1897 and 
 served as a pastor in New Jersey, 1897- 
 1911. He was on the faculty of Drew 
 Seminary, 1911-15, was president of West 
 Virginia Wesleyan College, 1915-22, presi- 
 dent of Baker University. 1922-36, and vice- 
 president of West Virginia Wesleyan Col- 
 lege, 1937-44. His writings include Guide 
 Posts to Life Work . . . , New York, [1924]. 
 WWW 3 
 
 FLETCHER, ROBERT HOWE (July 21, 
 1850-1936), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. After graduating from the U. S. 
 Naval Academy, he transferred to the army 
 and served on the Indian frontier and in 
 California until 1886, when he was retired 
 for disabilities. He was director of the 
 Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, 1899-1915, 
 and of the San Francisco Institute of Art, 
 1907-15. 
 
 A Blind Bargain, a Novel, Chicago, [1889]. 
 The Johnstown Stage, and Other Stories, 
 
 New York, 1891. 
 Marjorie and Her Papa, How They Wrote 
 a Story and Made Pictures for It, New 
 York, 1891. 
 Ten Drawings in Chinatown . . . , San 
 
 Francisco, [1898]. 
 Annals of the Bohemian Club, San Fran- 
 cisco, 1900. 
 
 FLETCHER, ROBERT SAMUEL (Nov. 20, 
 1900-Dec. 14, 1959), educator, was born 
 in Forestville, N. Y., He graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1920 and Harvard Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1939. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Oberlin history department, 
 1927-59. His writings include A History of 
 Oberlin College from Its Foundation 
 through the Civil War, 2 vols., Oberlin, 
 1943. DAS 3 
 
 FLICK, ALEXANDER CLARENCE (Aug. 
 16, 1869-July 30, 1942), educator, was 
 born in Galion, Crawford County. He 
 graduated from Otterbein College in 1894 
 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1901. 
 He was on the history faculty of Syracuse 
 University, 1899-1923, and was New York 
 state historian and director of archives, 
 1923-39. Besides the title below, he pub- 
 lished several textbooks and numerous 
 articles and wrote The Decline of the Me- 
 dieval Church . . . , [London, 1930]. WWW 
 2 
 
 FLICKINGER, DANIEL KUMLER (May 25, 
 1824-Aug. 29, 1911), clergyman, was born 
 at Seven Mile, Butler County. He grew up 
 on his father's farm and in 1850 joined the 
 Miami Conference of the United Brethren 
 Church. He preached on the circuit and in 
 Cincinnati. In 1855 he made the first of 
 twelve missionary trips to Africa. He was 
 secretary of the missionary society, 1857— 
 85, and missionary bishop, 1885-89. He 
 died in Columbus and is buried at Oxford. 
 He wrote many articles for church publica- 
 tions and also published some sermons and 
 a family history. 
 
 Offhand Sketches of Men and Things in 
 Western Africa, Dayton, 1857. 
 
 Ethiopia, or Twenty Years of Missionary 
 Life in Western Africa, Dayton, 1877. 
 
 The Church's Marching Orders . . . , Day- 
 ton, 1879. 
 
 Our Missionary Work from 1853-1889, 
 Dayton, 1889. 
 
 Fifty-five Years of Active Ministerial Life, 
 Dayton, 1907. 
 
 FLINT, MICAH P. (c.1807-1830), son of 
 Timothy Flint (q.v.), was born in Luren- 
 berg, Mass. He was admitted to the Mis- 
 sissippi bar but did not practice law. He 
 accompanied his father on his travels and 
 contributed to his magazine, the Western 
 Review. 
 
 The Hunter, and Other Poems, Boston, 
 1826. 
 
 FLINT, TIMOTHY (July 11, 1780-Aug. 16, 
 1840), was born in Reading, Mass. He is 
 
Flint, T. 
 
 216 
 
 probably less frequently mentioned as a 
 writer than as the one man in Cincinnati 
 Mrs. Trollope thought worthy of favorable 
 notice. Yet for several years (1827-33), 
 he was without a doubt the leading literary 
 figure in Cincinnati if not in the whole 
 Western country. When Flint came to Ohio 
 in the fall of 1815 as a missionary, he was 
 not without literary ambitions. In his letter 
 to the Missionary Society of Connecticut 
 requesting the western appointment, he sug- 
 gested the possibility of establishing, at 
 some central point, a religious publication 
 that would give attention to literature, 
 charities, and institutions. The project did 
 not materialize immediately, however. The 
 family rented a house in Cincinnati, and 
 for four months Flint made a circuit of 
 Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. His monthly 
 salary of $25.00, paid by the Mission 
 Board, was insufficient to support his fam- 
 ily and in the spring of 1816 he moved 
 westward again, to St. Louis. For six years 
 Flint tried to make a living by preaching 
 and farming in Missouri. His health failed 
 and, in 1822, he went South for his health 
 and spent the next four years in Louisiana. 
 In 1826 he went back to New England by 
 sea. Early in the following year he returned 
 to Cincinnati to begin the literary work to 
 which he had looked forward twelve years 
 before. The first issue of the Western 
 Monthly Review, containing, in the main, 
 articles by Flint, appeared in May, 1827. 
 It was published by his son, E. H. Flint, 
 who had established a bookstore and pub- 
 lishing house at 160 Main Street. Cincinnati 
 city directories give two residences occu- 
 pied by the Flint family: in 1829, George 
 Street north of Elm; and in 1839, Fifth 
 between Race and Elm. In 1826, prior to 
 his return to Cincinnati, Flint's Recollec- 
 tions of the Last Ten Years was published 
 in Boston. The book was cordially received, 
 as was the novel Francis Berrian, also pub- 
 lished in Boston in 1826. A year after he 
 had re-established himself in Cincinnati, 
 Flint's chief contribution to literature, The 
 History and Geography of the Western 
 States, was published by his son. A second 
 novel, The Life and Adventures of Arthur 
 denning, appeared the same year, pub- 
 lished in Philadelphia. A third novel, The 
 Shoshone Valley, was published in 1831 by 
 E. H. Flint. In 1833 appeared A Biographi- 
 cal Memoir of Daniel Boone. Fourteen edi- 
 tions of this work appeared. All bore Cin- 
 cinnati imprints. All of Flint's work until 
 this time had been well received, but his 
 Lectures upon Natural History, Geology, 
 Chemistry, the Application of Steam, and 
 Interesting Discoveries in the Arts, pub- 
 
 lished in Boston in 1833, was criticized in 
 Eastern journals. Very sensitive to criticism, 
 Flint confined his writing thereafter to 
 magazine contributions. During his Cincin- 
 nati period, in addition to the Western 
 Monthly Review, Flint edited The Personal 
 Narrative of James O. Pattie of Kentucky. 
 This appeared in 1831 with a Cincinnati 
 imprint. As translator, Flint issued The Art 
 of Being Happy by Joseph Droz. This work 
 was published in Boston in 1832. In 1833, 
 an offer to become editor-in-chief of the 
 Knickerbocker was made to Flint. He there- 
 fore went to New York in the late summer, 
 leaving his family in Cincinnati. However, 
 his health was such that he remained only 
 long enough to edit one issue, that of Octo- 
 ber, 1833, and returned to Cincinnati in 
 1834. His residence in Cincinnati was short 
 and he removed to Alexandria, La., to re- 
 side with his family, where he spent his re- 
 maining days. He wrote nothing except an 
 unpublished Second Part of Recollections 
 of the Mississippi Valley after his Cincin- 
 nati period. He died while on a visit to 
 Salem, Mass. 
 
 Ernest I. Miller 
 The Columbian Harmonist, Cincinnati, 
 
 1816. 
 Francis Berrian, or the Mexican Patriot, 
 
 Boston, 1826. 
 Recollections of the Last Ten Years, Passed 
 in Occasional Residences and Journeyings 
 in the Valley of the Mississippi . . . , 
 Boston, 1826. 
 A Condensed Geography and History of the 
 Western States, or the Mississippi Valley, 
 Cincinnati, 1828. 
 The Life and Adventures of Arthur Clen- 
 
 ning . . . , Philadelphia, 1828. 
 George Mason, the Young Backwoodsman; 
 Or, "Don't Give Up the Ship." A Story 
 of the Mississippi, Boston, 1829. 
 The Lost Child, Boston, 1830. 
 The Shoshone Valley; A Romance, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1830. 
 The History and Geography of the Missis- 
 sippi Valley. To Which Is Appended a 
 Condensed Physical Geography of the 
 Atlantic United States, and the Whole 
 American Continent, 2 vols., Cincinnati, 
 1832. 
 Biographical Memoir of Daniel Boone, the 
 First Settler of Kentucky. Interspersed 
 with Incidents in the Early Annals of the 
 Country, Cincinnati, 1833. 
 Indian Wars of the West; Containing 
 Sketches of Those Pioneers Who Headed 
 the Western Settlers in Repelling the At- 
 tacks of the Savages, Cincinnati, 1833. 
 Lectures upon Natural History, Geology, 
 Chemistry, the Application of Steam, 
 
217 
 
 Follett, O. 
 
 and Interesting Discoveries in the Arts, 
 Boston, 1833. 
 Journal of the Rev. Timothy Flint, from 
 the Red River to the Ouachitta or Wash- 
 ita, in Louisiana, in 1835. [Alexandria, 
 La., 1835]. 
 
 FLOWER, GEORGE (1788-Jan. 15, 1862), 
 co-founder of Albion, 111., while living in 
 Mt. Vernon with one of his children wrote 
 History of the English Settlement in Ed- 
 wards County, III. . . . , Chicago, 1882. 
 
 FLOWERS, MONTAVILLE (Jan. 7, 1868- 
 Nov. 10, 1934), lecturer, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Northern University in 1890, was 
 superintendent of schools, Norwood, 1890- 
 96, and operated the Flowers Academy of 
 Music and Dramatic Arts, 1903-07. A pop- 
 ular lyceum lecturer on drama, world prob- 
 lems, and the Orient, he published The 
 Japanese Conquest of American Opinion, 
 New York, [1917]. WWW 1 
 
 FOGG, FAGIN. Pseud. See Ralf C. Kircher. 
 
 FOISEL, JOHN (Sept. 12, 1894- ), 
 clergyman, was born in Petersdorf, Transyl- 
 vania (Romania). He graduated from the 
 theological seminary in Hermanstadt, Tran- 
 sylvania, served in the Austrian army during 
 World War I; and came to the United States 
 in 1921. After a year at Philadelphia Lu- 
 theran Seminary, he became pastor of St. 
 John's Lutheran Church, Cleveland, and 
 now lives in that city. He has written his- 
 torical plays in German and has published 
 a book, Saxons through Seventeen Cen- 
 turies . . . , [Cleveland, 1936]. 
 
 FOLEY, LOUIS (Aug. 23, 1892- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Zanesville, Muskingum 
 County. He graduated from Ohio State Uni- 
 versity in 1915 and has also studied at sev- 
 eral French universities. He taught at Ohio 
 State, was an official of Near East Relief in 
 Turkey and Syria, 1919-22, and was on 
 the faculty of Western Michigan College, 
 1923-46. Since 1946, he has been chairman 
 of the English department, Babson Institute, 
 Mass. He has written numerous professional 
 articles and several books, e.g., The Greatest 
 Saint of France, Milwaukee, Wis., [1931]. 
 
 FOGG, WILLIAM PERRY (July 27, 1826- 
 1909), was born in Exeter, N. H. In 1851 
 he established himself in the pottery and 
 chinaware business in Cleveland, and in 
 1868 he retired from active business to 
 gratify his desire to travel. He was the first 
 American granted permission to travel in 
 the interior of Japan. His letters from for- 
 eign lands were published in the Cleveland 
 Leader and other newspapers. He was pro- 
 prietor and editor of the Cleveland Herald 
 for a few months in 1877. He lived in Ros- 
 elle, N. J., 1901-08, and spent the last year 
 of his life in Morris Plains, N. J. His travel 
 books were well written and enjoyed con- 
 siderable popularity. Arabistan, with an in- 
 troduction by Bayard Taylor, went into sev- 
 eral editions. 
 "Round the World." Letters from Japan, 
 
 China, India, and Egypt, Cleveland, 1872. 
 Recent Donations . . . , [Cleveland, 1874]. 
 Arabistan; Or, the Land of "The Arabian 
 
 Nights" . . . , Hartford, Conn., 1875. 
 
 FOGLE, RICHARD HARTER (March 8, 
 1911- ), educator, was born in Canton, 
 Stark County. He graduated from Hamilton 
 College in 1933 and the University of Michi- 
 gan (Ph.D.) in 1944 and has been a mem- 
 ber of the English department, Tulane Uni- 
 versity, since 1946. He has published articles 
 and a book of criticism: The Imagery of 
 Keats and Shelley . . . , Chapel Hill, N. C, 
 [1949]. DAS 3 
 
 FOLLET, MARGARET WHIPPLE (1907- 
 ), was born in Toledo, Lucas County. 
 After graduating from Scott High School, 
 she spent a year at the University of Wis- 
 consin. At the age of 24, she published a 
 novel with a Toledo setting: The Kirbys, 
 New York, 1931. She afterward went to 
 New York City, where she was employed by 
 the publisher Alfred A. Knopf. She now 
 lives in Norwich, Vt. 
 
 FOLLETT, ELIZA G. WARD (Sept. 17, 
 1801-April 29, 1876), was born in Albany, 
 N. Y. She married Oran Follett (q.v.) in 
 Fairport, N. Y., in 1832, and two years 
 later they settled in Sandusky. She was long 
 remembered for her beauty and gracious- 
 ness, her help to the poor and needy of the 
 town, and her fearless ministrations to the 
 victims of cholera in the epidemic of 1848. 
 The Young Housekeeper's Assistant, San- 
 dusky, 1874. 
 
 FOLLETT, ORAN (Sept. 4, 1798-Oct. 14, 
 1894), journalist, banker, and railroad presi- 
 dent, was born in Gorham, N. Y. His father 
 died when he was small, and after his 
 mother remarried he rebelled against his 
 stepfather's control and ran away from home. 
 At the age of eleven he was a printer's devil 
 in Canandaigua, N. Y. At fourteen he ap- 
 parently was a powder monkey on the sloop 
 Jones on Lake Ontario. After the War of 
 1812 he returned to the Canandaigua print- 
 
Folmer 
 
 218 
 
 ing office. In 1817 he was an editor in 
 Rochester, N. Y., and in 1819 he owned a 
 paper of his own at Batavia, The Spirit of 
 the Times. When he was only 25, he was 
 elected to the New York State Legislature. 
 He moved to Buffalo, where he edited the 
 Journal and operated a bookstore until he 
 came to Ohio. In 1834 he came to Sandusky, 
 where he had bought a large tract of land, 
 firmly believing that Sandusky Bay would 
 be the most important harbor on the Great 
 Lakes. He became an influential citizen of 
 the town and took an active part in its 
 commercial and civic life. He was promi- 
 nent in the Whig Party, edited the San- 
 dusky Whig for a time, and served on the 
 State Board of Public Works, 1845- 
 49. He edited the Ohio State Journal at Co- 
 lumbus for a few months in 1840, again in 
 1844, and on a third occasion, 1853-56. He 
 played an important part in the growth of 
 the new Republican Party in Ohio. After 
 leaving the Journal in 1856, he founded a 
 publishing firm, Follett, Foster & Co., which 
 issued the Lincoln-Douglas debates. He was 
 also president of a Sandusky bank and of 
 the Sandusky, Dayton & Cincinnati Railroad. 
 His contribution to the Shakespeare-Bacon 
 controversy was privately published. 
 The Shakespeare Plays. The Theatre, &c. 
 
 "Who Wrote Shakespeare?" Sandusky, 
 
 1879. 
 
 FOLMER, HENRY DANIEL (June 18, 1852- 
 Jan 15, 1930), was born in Janesville, Wis., 
 but when he was three years old his family 
 came to Madison County. He taught school 
 in Madison and Franklin Counties before 
 turning to farming. He made a special study 
 of alfalfa and published Alfalfa on Wild- 
 wood Farm . . . , Columbus, 1911. 
 
 FOLWELL, WILLIAM WATTS (Feb. 14, 
 1833-Sept. 18, 1929), educator, born in 
 Romulus, N. Y., came to Venice near San- 
 dusky in 1865 to enter the milling business 
 owned by his father-in-law. In 1868 he 
 joined the faculty of Kenyon College, and 
 the next year he left Ohio to become the 
 first president of the University of Min- 
 nesota. He wrote A History of Minnesota, 
 4 vols., St. Paul, 1921-30. DAB 6 
 
 FOOTE, ALLEN RIPLEY (Jan. 26, 1842- 
 1921), was born in Olcott, N. Y. He served 
 in the Civil War with the 3rd Michigan In- 
 fantry. A resident of Columbus, he was edi- 
 tor of Public Policy, 1899-1905, commis- 
 sioner (1901-09) and president (1909-13) 
 of the Ohio State Board of Commerce, and 
 president of the National Tax Association, 
 
 1907-13. He edited a three-volume digest 
 
 of economic legislation, 1892-93, delivered 
 
 many addresses that were reprinted in pam- 
 phlet form, and wrote many articles on 
 
 economic reform. 
 
 Economic Value of Electric Light and 
 Power, Cincinnati, 1889. 
 
 Prosperity and Politics, Washington, D. C, 
 1893. 
 
 A Sound Currency and Banking System . . . , 
 New York, 1895. 
 
 The Money of the Constitution, New York, 
 1896. 
 
 Powers of Municipalities . . . , [Indianap- 
 olis], 1898. 
 
 Municipal Public Service Industries, Chi- 
 cago, 1899. 
 
 Ownership and Regulation of Public Service 
 Utilities . . . , Chicago, 1903. 
 
 A Practical Solution of the Public Utility 
 Problem . . . , Chicago, [1903]. 
 
 Compensation for Industrial Injuries, Co- 
 lumbus, [1913]. 
 
 The Injustice of the Federal Farm Loan 
 Law, Columbus, [1916]. 
 
 A Model Farm Management and Credit 
 System, Washington, D. C, [1917]. 
 
 The United Democratic Nations of the 
 World . . . , Washington, D. C, 1917. 
 
 The Right to Strike, [Columbus, 1921]. 
 
 FOOTE, EDWARD BLISS (Feb. 20, 1829- 
 Oct. 5, 1906), physician, was born in Col- 
 lamer near Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 His father, Herschel Foote, opened the first 
 bookstore in Cleveland in 1819 and later op- 
 erated a general store at Euclid Avenue and 
 Noble Road. In the 1850s his wife's social 
 ambitions and her strictness with household 
 maids led to a boycott of the store and its 
 failure. The family moved to Saratoga 
 Springs, N. Y. Edward learned the printing 
 trade in the office of the Cleveland Herald, 
 was an itinerant printer, and edited news- 
 papers in Connecticut and Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 He graduated from Pennsylvania Medical 
 University in 1860 and afterward practiced 
 in New York. He published popular medical 
 books and was widely known as a reformer 
 and freethinker. 
 Medical Common Sense . . . , New York, 
 
 1859. 
 Cold Feet: The Cause, Prevention, and 
 
 Cure . . . , New York, 1867. 
 Plain Home Talk about the Human System 
 
 . . . , New York, 1870. 
 Science in Story. Sammy Tubbs, the Boy 
 
 Doctor, and "Sponsie," the Troublesome 
 
 Monkey, New York, 1874. 
 A Step Backward . . . , New York, 1875. 
 The Physical Improvement of Humanity 
 
 . . . , New York, 1876. 
 
219 
 
 Foraker, J. B. 
 
 Physiological Marriage . . . , New York, 
 
 1876. 
 Dr. Foote's Hand-Book of Health-Hints and 
 
 Ready Recipes . . . , New York, 1881. 
 Dr. Foote's Home Cyclopedia of Popular 
 
 Medical, Social, and Sexual Science . . . , 
 
 New York, 1901. 
 
 FOOTE, EDWARD BOND (Aug. 15, 1854- 
 Oct. 12, 1912), physician, son of Edward 
 Bliss Foote (q.v.), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. After graduating from 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 New York City, he practiced in that city. The 
 second title below, a manual of vegetarian- 
 ism, included a reprint of the Health Primer. 
 Everybody's Health Primer . . . , New York, 
 
 1891. 
 Food. "What's Best To Eat" . . . , New 
 York, 1891. 
 
 FOOTE, GASTON (Sept. 6, 1902- ), clergy- 
 man, born in Comanche County, Texas, was 
 pastor of Grace Methodist Church, Dayton, 
 1945-52. His other pastorates have been in 
 the South; he now lives in Fort Worth, 
 Texas. He has published books on religious 
 themes, e.g., Just Plain Bread . . . , [Nash- 
 ville, Tenn.], 1938. WWC 1 
 
 FOOTE, JOHN PARSONS (1783-1865), was 
 born in Connecticut. Brother-in-law of Ly- 
 man Beecher (q.v.), he came to Cincinnati 
 around 1820. He operated a bookstore at 
 14 Lower Market Street, 1820-28. In 1824 
 he published the Literary Gazette, whose 
 motto was "Not to display learning but to 
 create a taste for it." Though short-lived, 
 this periodical published important articles 
 by Benjamin Drake and others. Foote also 
 organized the Cincinnati Type Foundry, 
 from which he retired in 1823, and he and 
 his brother operated the city waterworks, 
 1824-40. His brother, Samuel Edmond Foote 
 (1787-1858), a retired sea captain, fol- 
 lowed him to Cincinnati and built a large 
 home at Third and Vine Streets, where the 
 Semi-Colon Club met weekly; he returned 
 to Connecticut in the early 1840s to operate 
 a farm. John remained in Cincinnati, where 
 he became president of the General Board 
 of Underwriters. He was extremely active 
 in civic life. He was an organizer of the 
 Ohio Mechanics Institute in 1828, was ac- 
 tive in the Horticultural Society, and was 
 president of the board of trustees of the 
 Medical College of Ohio. 
 The Schools of Cincinnati and Its Vicinity, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1855. 
 Memoirs of the Life of Samuel E. Foote 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
 FOOTE, JOHN TAINTOR (March 29, 1881— 
 Jan. 29, 1950), was born in Leadville, Colo.; 
 but in 1887 his parents moved to Gambier, 
 Knox County, where he attended Kenyon 
 Academy. He married Ada Curtis of Mount 
 Vernon and lived in that community for 
 about twelve years. He later lived in New 
 York and Los Angeles. He wrote plays, mo- 
 tion pictures, and many novels and short 
 stories, e.g., Pocono Shot; A Dog Story, 
 New York, 1924, and Fatal Gesture, New 
 York, 1933. WWW 2 
 
 FOOTE, JULIA A. J. (1823-?), was born in 
 Schenectady, N. Y., the child of slaves. 
 When she was young, her parents moved to 
 Albany, the home of her future husband, 
 George Foote, who purchased her freedom. 
 After traveling as an evangelist, she moved 
 to Cleveland in 1851 and continued her 
 activities as an evangelist and antislavery 
 lecturer. Her life story describes her experi- 
 ences in moralistic terms and urges sinners 
 to repent and be saved. 
 A Brand Plucked from the Fire, Cleveland, 
 1879. 
 
 FOOTE, LUCIUS HARWOOD (April 10, 
 1826-June 4, 1913), lawyer and diplomat, 
 born in Winfield, N. Y., spent part of his 
 boyhood in northeastern Ohio, where his 
 father served as a Congregational minister. 
 He also attended Western Reserve Univer- 
 sity, but did not graduate. In 1853 he went 
 to California, read law, practiced in Sacra- 
 mento, and then entered the diplomatic 
 service. He was the first American minister 
 to Korea. After his retirement in 1885 he 
 lived in San Francisco. He published sev- 
 eral books, e.g., A Red-Letter Day, and 
 Other Poems, Boston, 1882. 
 
 FORAKER, JOSEPH BENSON (July 5, 
 1846-May 10, 1917), soldier, lawyer, judge, 
 governor of Ohio, and U. S. Senator, was 
 born on a farm near Rainsboro, Highland 
 County. He was the son of Thomas Stacey 
 and Margaret (Reece) Foraker. On both 
 sides, his family was English and Scotch- 
 Irish; his paternal grandfather, John Four- 
 acre, had emigrated from Devonshire, Eng- 
 land, to Delaware County in the early 
 eighteenth century. During his first fifteen 
 years Joseph lived the life typical of an Ohio 
 farm lad: many chores about the farm, a 
 few months' schooling annually, Sunday 
 school, and church services at the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, and the boyish pleasures 
 of fishing and swimming. At the age of six- 
 teen he enlisted in Company "A," 89th 
 O.V.I. With this unit he saw action in West 
 Virginia and Tennessee, and in 1864, as a 
 
Foraker, J. B. 
 
 220 
 
 lieutenant under General W. T. Sherman, 
 marched through the Carolinas to Virginia. 
 In mid-June, 1865, he was mustered out a 
 captain. Determined to become a lawyer 
 upon his return to civilian life, he set out 
 to complete his education. After a year at 
 Salem Academy, he attended Ohio Wesleyan 
 University for two years and then transferred 
 to the newly opened Cornell University, 
 from which institution he was graduated in 
 1869. He was admitted to the Cincinnati 
 bar in 1869, and after several lean years, 
 became a successful attorney. Long inter- 
 ested in politics, he ran for judge of the 
 superior court of Cincinnati in 1879 and 
 was in office two years. In 1883 he was 
 a candidate for governor of Ohio on the 
 Republican ticket but lost because of dis- 
 sension in party ranks. Two years later, 
 after a second contest with Governor George 
 Hoadly, he was elected governor. Foraker 
 served capably as governor during his two 
 administrations, 1886-90, but his efforts to 
 bring about needed reforms were only par- 
 tially successfully. Among his accomplish- 
 ments were the passage of laws requiring 
 registration of voters and the formation of 
 nonpartisan election boards in Ohio's larger 
 cities; the creation of a state board of health; 
 and the establishment of a board of man- 
 agers for all state penal institutions. Investi- 
 gation of Cincinnati's corrupt politics and 
 the need for additional state revenues were 
 his constant concerns. His second ad- 
 ministration was marked by centennials at 
 Marietta, Cincinnati, and Columbus in 
 1888. His attempt for a third term was 
 unsuccessful. Although a strong Repub- 
 lican, he did not always go with the party 
 leaders in Ohio; he frequently played 
 the lone wolf. He came to have his own 
 faction, which in the late 1880s and 1890s 
 consistently opposed the John Sherman- 
 Hanna-McKinley group. Because of this op- 
 position, he was accused in 1884 and 1888 
 of attempting to snatch the Republican 
 Presidential nomination from John Sher- 
 man. His opposition reached its height in 
 1892, when he openly contested the sena- 
 torship with the venerable Sherman. After 
 this unsuccessful campaign, he quietly built 
 up his organization for the next one, when 
 the state's other senator came up for re- 
 election in 1896. Foraker's election was as- 
 sured at the Zanesville convention of 1895 
 by the masterful organization of his forces. 
 A strong partisan, he was leader in the 
 Bloody Shirt movement of the 1880s. He 
 learned early in his political career that his 
 audiences thrived on Civil War antipathies 
 and, as he later asserted, "I gave them 
 what they wanted." His loud booming voice, 
 
 his dramatic gestures, and his stinging ver- 
 bal barbs earned him the name "Fire Alarm 
 Foraker." Later he quieted down, becoming 
 one of the leading orators of his day. He 
 spoke in virtually every Eastern and Mid- 
 western state. While governor, his uncom- 
 promising Republicanism led him to taunt 
 President Cleveland publicly, and in reply 
 to the latter's order to return captured Con- 
 federate battle flags then hanging in the 
 state capitol, he dramatically announced to 
 the nation that "No battle flags will be 
 surrendered while I am governor." As sena- 
 tor (1897-1909), his oratorical and de- 
 bating skills earned him a ranking position 
 in the Senate. During the McKinley ad- 
 ministration he was a leader of those in- 
 terested in the Spanish-American War and 
 in imperialism. As chairman of the Senate 
 committee on Pacific Islands and Puerto 
 Rico, he sponsored and pushed through to 
 adoption the Foraker Act, the organic law 
 for Puerto Rico. He was also a member 
 of the powerful Foreign Relations Com- 
 mittee. When Theodore Roosevelt became 
 President, Foraker failed to retain his posi- 
 tion as an "administration senator." He 
 could not go along with Roosevelt's pro- 
 gram, with its measures of social justice. 
 His opposition reached its climax over the 
 Hepburn Act of 1906. During the Senate 
 debate over this bill to regulate railroads, 
 he took the lead against such proposals. 
 He was the only Republican senator to vote 
 against it. His opposition to Roosevelt 
 ripened into open battle over the complex 
 Brownsville case, in which Foraker took the 
 side of a Negro regiment summarily dis- 
 charged by a hasty and ill-considered Presi- 
 dential order. Foraker was retired from 
 politics in 1908 as the result of the Hearst- 
 published Archbold-Foraker letters. These 
 letters disclosed that during his first term 
 as senator he had been employed as a spe- 
 cial counsel for the Standard Oil Company. 
 This relationship, not uncommon in the 
 preceding era, was accounted unethical by 
 the nation in 1908. After his political re- 
 tirement he continued his law practice in 
 Cincinnati, representing many large cor- 
 porations. His practice had been lucrative 
 since the 1890s. In 1914 he was, he later 
 stated, "wheedled" into running for sena- 
 tor in the primaries; his younger political 
 follower, Warren G. Harding, won the 
 nomination and the seat. During his last 
 years he reviewed his active life as he wrote 
 his apologia pro vita sua: Notes of a Busy 
 Life (1916). Many of his speeches were 
 published separately. Foraker's constant 
 companion and adviser was his wife, Julia 
 Bundy Foraker (June 17, 1847-July 21, 
 
221 
 
 Forrest 
 
 1933), whom he had married on October 
 4, 1870. The daughter of Hezekiah S. Bundy 
 of Jackson County, she reared a "steplad- 
 der" of children (three daughters and two 
 sons), managed the governor's mansion and 
 the senator's home, and accompanied her 
 husband on most of his extensive tours. An 
 account of her experiences in Columbus, 
 Cincinnati, and Washington is delightfully 
 presented in her book, / Would Live It 
 Again, New York, 1932. 
 
 Everett Walters 
 Speeches of J. B. Foraker, 1869-1917, 7 
 
 vols., [n.p., 1869-1917]. 
 Notes of a Busy Life, 2 vols., Cincinnati, 
 
 1916. 
 
 FORAKER, JULIA RUNDY. See Joseph B. 
 Foraker. 
 
 FORAN, MARTIN AMRROSE (Nov. 11, 
 1844-June 28, 1921), lawyer and judge, 
 was born in Susquehanna County, Pa. After 
 attending St. Joseph's College, he taught 
 school for two years and served in the 
 4th Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry, 1864- 
 65. He worked in Cleveland as a cooper, 
 1866-69, and edited the Coopers' Journal, 
 1870-74. He was active in organizing inter- 
 national and state unions. In 1874 he was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar. He served in 
 Congress, 1883-89, practiced law in Cleve- 
 land, 1889-1910, and served as judge of 
 common pleas court from 1910 until his 
 death. His only novel, a defense of the 
 laboring man, was intended as a reply to 
 The Breadwinners by John Hay (q.v. ). 
 The Other Side. A Social Study Based on 
 Fact, Cleveland, 1886. 
 
 FORCE, MANNING FERGUSON (Dec. 17, 
 1824-May 8, 1899), lawyer and judge, was 
 born in Washington. D. C, son of the his- 
 torian, Peter Force. He graduated from Har- 
 vard University in 1845 and from the law 
 school in 1848. The next year he moved to 
 Cincinnati. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1850 and practiced in Cincinnati. In the 
 Civil War he joined the 20th O.V.I, as a 
 major, commanded a division in Sherman's 
 army during its march to the sea, and rose 
 to the brevet rank of major general. He 
 served as judge of common pleas court 
 in Cincinnati, 1866-76, and as judge of the 
 superior court, 1877-87. From 1888 until 
 his death he was commandant of the Ohio 
 Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Sandusky. 
 Several of the works below are pamphlets. 
 Pre-Historic Man. Darwinism or Deity. The 
 
 Mound Builders, Cincinnati, 1873. 
 Some Early Notices of the Indians of Ohio. 
 
 To What Race Did the Mound Builders 
 
 Belong? Cincinnati, 1879. 
 From Fort Henry to Corinth, New York, 
 
 1881. 
 Personal Recollections of the Vicksburg 
 
 Campaign, Cincinnati, 1885. 
 Some Observations on the Letters of 
 
 Amerigo Vespucci, Cincinnati, 1885. 
 General Sherman, New York, 1899. 
 
 FORD, CLARA ANNE (Dec. 17, 1893- ), 
 born in Alvarado, Texas, has lived in Cleve- 
 land since 1922. She has published several 
 stories for children, e.g., The Little Girl 
 Who Waved . . . , New York, 1937. 
 
 FORD, COLLIN (Aug. 14, 1889-April 5, 
 1924), was born in Toledo, Lucas County. 
 After graduating from Yale University in 
 1910, he lived in Cincinnati, where he en- 
 gaged in the insurance business. His death 
 occurred in that city. Under the pen name 
 Washington Jefferson Van Buren Pipp, he 
 wrote a pamphlet published posthumously: 
 The Atrocities of Book-Collecting and Kin- 
 dred Afflictions, Cincinnati, 1943. 
 
 FORD, MARY A. McMULLEN (1841-April, 
 1876), spent her girlhood in Brown County. 
 Snatches of Song is dedicated to her friends 
 at St. Martin's. Her poems were published 
 under the pen name Una. 
 Poems, Cincinnati, 1863. 
 Snatches of Song, St. Louis, 1874. 
 
 FOREMAN, DENNIS WALDEN (Sept. 11, 
 1900- ), clergyman, born in West Colum- 
 bia, W. Va., has lived in Ohio since 1929. 
 Ordained a minister of the United Brethren 
 Church in 1927, he served a church in 
 New Rumley, Harrison County, 1929-31, 
 and St. Paul's Church, Canton, since 1931. 
 He has published numerous articles in re- 
 ligious periodicals and They That Take the 
 Sword, New York, 1945. RLA 2 
 
 FORNSHELL, MARVIN E. (Aug. 13, 1872- 
 Jan. 23, 1924), was born in Camden, Preble 
 County. After attending the Camden schools, 
 he worked on the Camden Gazette, which 
 he edited, 1898-99. He was superintendent 
 of printing at the Ohio State Prison, 1900- 
 16, and also conducted his own business, the 
 Fornshell Printing Co., which he founded 
 in Columbus in 1903. He wrote The His- 
 torical and Illustrated Ohio Penitentiary 
 . . . , [Columbus?, 1903]. 
 
 FORREST, ALBERTINA MAY ALLEN 
 
 (May 14, 1872-April 27, 1904), was born 
 near Akron, Summit County. She was an 
 active worker in the Disciples of Christ 
 
Fortune 
 
 222 
 
 Church. Her death occurred in Sea Breeze, 
 Fla. A selection of her writings, Essays on 
 Philosophy and Life, Indianapolis, 1904, 
 was edited by her husband, Jacob D. Forrest. 
 
 FORTUNE, ALONZA WILLARD (June 29, 
 1873-Dec. 26, 1950), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Holmes County. He grad- 
 uated from Hiram College in 1898, gradu- 
 ated in theology from the University of 
 Chicago in 1905, and earned a Ph.D. at 
 Chicago in 1915. A minister in the Disciples 
 Church, he served pastorates in Ohio, New 
 York, and Kentucky. He was on the faculty 
 of the Church of the Bible, Lexington, Ky., 
 1912-22, and served as a pastor in Lexing- 
 ton, 1922-44. He wrote several books on 
 religion and on the history of the Disciples, 
 e.g., Origin and Development of the Dis- 
 ciples, St. Louis, Mo., 1924. WWW 3 
 
 FOSDICK, WILLIAM WHITEMAN (Jan. 
 28, 1825-March 8, 1862), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Transylvania University in 1845, stud- 
 ied law, and practiced for a time in Coving- 
 ton, Ky., Cincinnati, and New York City. 
 In 1858 he returned to Cincinnati and edited 
 the Sketch Club. Moncure Daniel Conway 
 (q.v. ) described him as a lovable man with- 
 out enterprise, one who could have ac- 
 complished something in literature had he 
 been less fond of the time-consuming game 
 of chess. His rather rococo novel Malmiztic 
 met with extravagant praise at the hands of 
 some critics and was openly ridiculed by 
 others, yet all conceded its historical ac- 
 curacy. His death occurred in Cincinnati. 
 Malmiztic, the Toltec; And the Cavaliers 
 
 of the Cross, Cincinnati, 1851. 
 Ariel, and Other Poems, New York. [1855]. 
 Progress of Liberty . . . , Cincinnati, 1861. 
 
 FOSTER, CAROLINE HOLCOMB WRIGHT 
 
 (Dec. 19, 1864-May 28, 1929), was born 
 in Greenfield, Highland County. She lived 
 in Los Angeles, where she was a social 
 worker and a journalist for many years. 
 Some of her short stories were pub- 
 lished in magazines under the pen name 
 Amy Elizabeth Leigh. A posthumous col- 
 lection of her poetry was edited by Caroline 
 H. S. Wright: Winds of the World, Boston, 
 [1934]. WWNAA 3 
 
 FOSTER, CHARLES JAMES (Nov. 24, 
 1820-Sept. 12, 1883), journalist, born in 
 Bicester, England, lived in Cincinnati and 
 Columbus during most of the 1850s. He 
 was editor of the Ohio Statesman, 1857-60, 
 and after 1860 worked on New York maga- 
 zines. He is buried in Columbus. Widely 
 recognized as an authority on racing and 
 
 other sports, he also wrote a novel: The 
 White Horse of Wooton . . . , Philadelphia, 
 [1878]. 
 
 FOSTER, EDWIN J. (1847-?), lawyer, 
 brother of Hanna A., Henry E., and Leo- 
 nard G. Foster (qq.v. ), was born in Strongs- 
 ville, Cuyahoga County. After graduating 
 from the law school of Boston University, 
 he practiced in Cleveland until his retire- 
 ment in 1885. He published a collection of 
 verse: A Pasture Stroll, [Cleveland, 1914]. 
 
 FOSTER, ETHEL FIELD (Dec. 11, 1883- 
 ), was born in Granville, Licking 
 County. She attended the preparatory de- 
 partment of Denison University, 1899— 
 1902, and H. Thane Miller School for Girls, 
 Cincinnati. 1902-04. She published a num- 
 ber of stories and articles in various maga- 
 zines and one novel: A Lamp in the Win- 
 dow, Los Angeles, [1937]. 
 
 FOSTER, FINLEY MILLIGAN (c.l854-Jan. 
 10, 1948), clergyman, was born in Cedar- 
 ville, Greene County. He held degrees from 
 Indiana University, Reformed Presbyterian 
 Seminary, Pittsburgh, Pa., and New York 
 University (Ph.D.). He was pastor of a 
 church in Bellefontaine, 1880-87, and of 
 Third Reformed Presbyterian Church, the 
 Bronx, N. Y., 1887-1942. He died in Hack- 
 ensack, N. J. He wrote Church and State, 
 Their Relations Considered, [New York. 
 1940]. 
 
 FOSTER, FRANK HUGH (June 18, 1851- 
 Oct. 20, 1935), theologian, born in Spring- 
 field, Mass., was a resident of Oberlin for 
 two periods totaling eighteen years. A grad- 
 uate of Harvard University (1873), Andover 
 Theological Seminary (1877), and Univer- 
 sity of Leipzig (Ph.D., 1882), he taught 
 church history at Oberlin from 1884 to 
 1892. He was on the faculties of Pacific 
 Seminary, Berkeley, Calif., 1892-1902, and 
 Olivet College, Mich., 1904-16. In 1925 he 
 returned to Oberlin, where he taught Greek 
 and Hebrew until 1933. He translated a 
 number of German works and published 
 many reviews and articles in religious peri- 
 odicals. 
 The Seminary Method of Original Study in 
 
 the Historical Sciences . . . , New York, 
 
 1888. 
 The Fundamental Ideas of the Roman 
 
 Catholic Church . . . , Philadelphia, 1899. 
 Christian Life and Theology . . . , New 
 
 York, [1900]. 
 The Teaching of Jesus Concerning His Own 
 
 Mission, New York, [1903]. 
 A Genetic History of the New England 
 
 Theology, Chicago, 1907. 
 
223 
 
 Foure 
 
 A Brief Doctrinal Commentary on the 
 Arabic Koran . . . , London, [1932]. 
 
 The Life of Edward Amasa Parks . . . , 
 New York, [1936]. 
 
 The Modern Movement in American The- 
 ology . . . , New York, [1939]. 
 
 FOSTER, HANNA ALICE (Jan. 27, 1837- 
 March 27, 1926), was born in Strongsville, 
 Cuyahoga County, the sister of Henry E., 
 Edwin J., and Leonard G. Foster (qq.v.). 
 She graduated from Baldwin College in 
 1866 and afterward lived in Cleveland and 
 Berea. She was active in the temperance 
 movement. Besides the two long narrative 
 poems listed below, she published poetry in 
 various magazines and newspapers. She died 
 in Berea at the age of 89. 
 Hilda. A Poem, Philadelphia, 1879. 
 Zululu, the Maid of Anahuac, New York, 
 1892. 
 
 FOSTER, HENRY E. (April 28, 1845-Sept. 
 15, 1915), lawyer, was born in Strongsville, 
 Cuyahoga County, the brother of Edwin J., 
 Hanna A., and Leonard G. Foster (qq.v.). 
 He attended Baldwin College and studied 
 law at Boston University. After working 
 on newspapers in Toledo and Roches- 
 ter, N. Y., he practiced law and dealt 
 in real estate in Cleveland. The pamphlet 
 below was published anonymously. 
 William McKinley and the G.O.P. under 
 the X-ray . . . , Cleveland, [1900]. 
 
 FOSTER, JAMES (Jan. 27, 1798-Dec. 28, 
 1876), served in the War of 1812 as a 
 soldier in the First Regiment. He was cap- 
 tured and imprisoned at Detroit. His pam- 
 phlet, signed "By an Ohio Volunteer," con- 
 demns General Hull for his surrender. 
 Foster died in Troy, Miami County. 
 The Capitulation, or a History of the Ex- 
 pedition Conducted by William Hull . . . , 
 Chillicothe, 1812. 
 
 FOSTER, JOHN M. Pseud. See Mildred W. 
 Benson. 
 
 FOSTER, JOHN WELLS (March 4, 1815- 
 June 29, 1873), geologist, was in Ohio 
 from 1835 to 1844. He came to Zanesville 
 to study law, was admitted to the bar, but 
 devoted much of his time to geology. He 
 worked on the geological survey in 1837. 
 He later published a number of important 
 reports on mineral resources, numerous 
 articles, and a book on the Mound-Builders: 
 Pre-Historic Races of the United States of 
 America, Chicago, 1873. 
 
 FOSTER, LEONARD GURLEY (Sept. 10, 
 1840-Dec. 13, 1937), was born in Brook- 
 
 lyn, now a part of Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He graduated from Berea College, 
 taught school, and served in the 8th Ohio 
 Battery during the Civil War. He was for 
 many years a Chautauqua speaker. Like his 
 sister and brothers — Hanna A., Edwin J., 
 and Henry E. (qq.v.) — he wrote poetry as 
 an avocation. At the time of his death, he 
 was said to have written nearly 80,000 
 poems. He presented the Western Reserve 
 Historical Society with fifty volumes of his 
 verse, 47 of them in manuscript. 
 Whisperings of Nature, Cleveland, 1893. 
 Blossoms of Nature, Cleveland, 1908. 
 The Early Days; A Pioneer Idyl, [Cleve- 
 land], 1911. 
 
 FOSTER, RANDOLPH SINKS (Feb. 22, 
 1820-May 1, 1903), clergyman, was born 
 in Williamsburg, Clermont County, where 
 his father was jailer. He grew up in Ken- 
 tucky, where the family moved, and at- 
 tended Augusta College. In 1837 he was 
 admitted to the Ohio Conference of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, and he 
 preached in Ohio until 1850. serving churches 
 in Hillsboro. Portsmouth, Lancaster, Spring- 
 field, and Cincinnati. He served churches 
 in New York City, 1850-57; was president 
 of Northwestern University, 1857-60; re- 
 turned to the New York area, 1860-68; 
 was on the faculty of Drew Seminary, 1868- 
 72; and was elected bishop in 1872. He 
 retired in 1902. His theological writings 
 were widely discussed and made him a 
 leader in the Methodist Church of his day. 
 Objections to Calvinism As It Is ... , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1849. 
 Nature and Blessedness of Christian Purity, 
 
 New York, 1851. 
 Beyond the Grave . . . , New York, 1879. 
 Centenary Thoughts for Pew and Pulpit, 
 
 New York, 1884. 
 Evidences of Christianity . . . , New York, 
 
 1889. 
 Prolegomena . . . , New York, 1889. 
 Studies in Theology, 6 vols., New York, 
 
 1889-99. 
 Theism . . . , New York, 1889. 
 Union of Episcopal Methodisms, New York, 
 
 1892. 
 Creation, God in Time and Space, New 
 
 York, 1895. 
 God, Nature and Attributes, New York, 
 
 1897. 
 Sin, New York, 1899. 
 
 FOURE, HELENE SELTER (April 11, 1889- 
 
 ), educator, was born in Paris, France. 
 
 Educated in France, she served on the Ohio 
 
 State University faculty, 1920-37. She and 
 
 her husband also taught in the summers at 
 
Fout 
 
 224 
 
 Western Reserve University, 1923-35. She 
 has returned to Paris to live. She has written 
 numerous articles and books on French 
 civilization, e.g., The French Cathedrals 
 .... Boston, [1931]. 
 
 FOUT, HENRY HARNESS (Oct. 18, 1861- 
 1947), clergyman, was born in Grant 
 County, W. Va. He was licensed to preach 
 by the United Brethren Virginia Con- 
 ference in 1885. The following year he 
 graduated from Shenandoah Collegiate In- 
 stitute. In 1890 he graduated from Union 
 (Bonebrake) Seminary in Dayton, after 
 which he spent nine years as pastor of Oak 
 Street Church, Dayton, and was presiding 
 elder of the Miami Conference, 1899-1901. 
 During this period he toured the Holy Land 
 and wrote the account listed below. He 
 supervised Sunday school literature for the 
 United Brethren Church, 1901-13 and was 
 elected bishop in 1913. He died in In- 
 dianapolis, Ind. 
 
 The 1900 Pilgrimage to Egypt and the Holy 
 Land, Dayton, 1900. 
 
 FOWKE, GERARD (June 25, 1855-March 
 5, 1933), archaeologist, was born Charles 
 Mitchell Smith in Maysville, Ky. In 1887 he 
 adopted the name of a maternal ancestor. 
 After a period of schoolteaching, he en- 
 tered Ohio State University as a special 
 student in 1881. He later participated in 
 archaeological and geological expeditions in 
 the United States and in other parts of 
 the world. He published many articles and 
 reports. His major work is Archaeological 
 History of Ohio; The Mound Builders and 
 Later Indians, Columbus, 1902. DAB 21 
 
 FOWLER, JOSIAH (Feb., 1800-July 11, 
 1891), was born in Westfield, Mass. In 1830 
 he settled in Margaretta, Erie County, 
 where he operated a farm and was a 
 founder of Castalia Congregational Church 
 in 1835. He was an active abolitionist. 
 An Analysis of Texts of Scripture, Castalia, 
 1881. 
 
 FOWLER, MARY BLACKFORD (Feb. 20, 
 1892- ), was born in Findlay, Hancock 
 County. After graduating from Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1913, she studied sculpture at De- 
 metrios School of Sculpture in Massachu- 
 setts. With her husband, the late Harold 
 North Fowler, a professor at Western Re- 
 serve University, she wrote a book for chil- 
 dren: Picture Book of Sculpture, New York, 
 1929. 
 
 FOX, HENRY CLAY (Jan. 20, 1836-Nov. 
 22, 1920), lawyer, was born near West Elk- 
 
 ton, Preble County. His parents moved to 
 Indiana, in which state he grew up and 
 spent his life. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1861, served in the Civil War with the 
 57th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was 
 appointed county judge in 1896. 
 Adventures of a Philosopher, a Dun Mule 
 and a Brindle Dog. By an Indiana Man, 
 Richmond, Ind., 1888. 
 Uncle Zeek and Aunt Liza; A Tale of Epi- 
 sodes, Boston, [1905]. 
 Memoirs of Wayne County and Richmond 
 , . . , 2 vols., Madison, Wis., 1912. 
 
 FRAME, NATHAN T. (July 15, 1840-March 
 27, 1915), clergyman, was born in Morgan 
 County, Pa., but spent his boyhood in Iowa. 
 He and his wife, a native of Indiana, were 
 members of the Society of Friends and trav- 
 eled throughout the country holding re- 
 vivals. They usually conducted their meet- 
 ings in Methodist churches. In 1871 they 
 settled in Clinton County; they later lived 
 in Harveysburg, Warren County, and other 
 Ohio communities. From 1881 until 1914, 
 Rev. Frame was pastor of a church in 
 Jamestown, Greene County. 
 Under the Lindens. Poems, [Cleveland], 
 
 1885. 
 Reminiscences of Nathan T. Frame and 
 
 Esther G. Frame, [Cleveland], 1907. 
 
 FRANCE, LEWIS BROWN (Aug. 8, 1833- 
 1907), lawyer, was born in Washington. 
 D. C, and spent his youth in Cincinnati, 
 where he learned the printing trade. The 
 city directory for 1856 lists him as a printer; 
 in that year he moved on to Illinois, where 
 he studied law. He later practiced in Colo- 
 rado, the locale of most of his writings, 
 e.g., Over the Old Trail: A Novel, Boston, 
 1895. 
 
 FRANKENBERG, THEODORE THOMAS 
 
 (Sept. 24, 1877-July 26, 1958), publicist, 
 was born in Franklin County. He was edu- 
 cated in the Columbus public schools. He 
 worked on the Columbus Dispatch, 1 898— 
 99, on the Columbus Citizen, 1899-1903. 
 on the Ohio State Journal, 1903-07 and 
 1908-16, and on the Toledo Times, 1908. 
 He lectured widely on journalism and was 
 a publicity counselor for various organiza- 
 tions. He also prepared booklets and bro- 
 chures for colleges raising funds. His writ- 
 ings include Spectacular Career of Rev. 
 Billy Sunday . . . , Columbus, [1913]. OBB 
 
 FRANKENSTEIN, GUSTAVUS (c.l829-Dec. 
 11, 1893), younger brother of John P. 
 Frankenstein (q.v. ), was born in Germany, 
 but grew up in Cincinnati, where his par- 
 
225 
 
 Freeman, J. S. 
 
 ents settled in 1831. He also lived for many 
 years in Springfield. He died in Cincinnati, 
 where he had returned to live with his sis- 
 ters a few weeks earlier. His only publica- 
 tions that have been discovered were dis- 
 cussions of mathematics. 
 Magic Reciprocals . . . , Cincinnati, 1875. 
 Gustavus Frankenstein's Great Principle of 
 Reciprocal Identity, New York, 1878. 
 
 FRANKENSTEIN, JOHN PETER (c.1816- 
 April 16, 1881), painter and sculptor, was 
 born in Germany in 1816 or 1817. He was 
 the oldest member of a remarkable family 
 of artists that came to Cincinnati in 1831. 
 Of his three brothers and two sisters, who 
 were all painters and teachers of art, the 
 best known was Godfrey, first president of 
 the Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts, and 
 — with several of his brothers and sisters — 
 creator of a panorama of Niagara Falls. 
 John began painting at fifteen; he studied 
 in Philadelphia, 1839-44, returned to Cin- 
 cinnati, and then moved with the rest of 
 the family to Springfield in 1849. From 
 1856 until about 1865 he maintained a stu- 
 dio in Cincinnati. He spent his last years in 
 New York City, living in apparent poverty, 
 although considerable money was found in 
 his cluttered East Side room after his death. 
 His only literary production was a pam- 
 phlet of doggerel verse, satirizing Cincinnati 
 residents who bought foreign art and dis- 
 regarded local talent. His satire is directed 
 particularly at Nicholas Longworth (q.v. ). 
 He also devotes two pages to an attack on 
 Edgar Allan Poe, whom he may have known 
 in Philadelphia. The tone of the pamphlet is 
 suggested by the motto on its title page: 
 
 American artists, ah! 
 
 American patrons, pshaw!! 
 
 American critics, BAH!!! 
 American Art: Its Awful Altitude, Cincin- 
 nati, 1864. 
 
 FRANKLIN, MARY LUCRETIA BARKER. 
 
 See Mary L. Barker. 
 
 FRASER, HERBERT (March 3, 1890-Feb. 
 9, 1953), educator, was born in Mansfield, 
 Richland County. He taught at Phillips An- 
 dover Academy and at King's College, Aber- 
 deen, Scotland, and was on the economics 
 faculty of Swarthmore College for 27 years. 
 Internationally recognized as a specialist on 
 monetary systems, he was an adviser to the 
 West German government after World War 
 II. He published numerous technical articles 
 and several books, e.g., Great Britain and 
 the Gold Standard, London, 1933. DAS 2 
 
 FRAYER, IHNA THAYER (April 13, 1873- 
 ), artist and designer, was born in 
 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He attended 
 Cleveland School of Art and in 1894 be- 
 came a designer for various furniture and 
 decorating companies. In 1914 he opened 
 his own studio; he also taught for a number 
 of years at Cleveland Museum of Art. He 
 lived in Hudson for many years and now 
 lives in Florida. He lectured on Ohio his- 
 tory and architecture and published several 
 books on the same subjects, e.g., Early 
 Homes of Ohio, Richmond, Va., [1936], and 
 Ohio in Homespun and Calico, Richmond, 
 Va., [1942]. WWO 
 
 FRAZIER, IDA MAY HEDRICK (Mrs. Rob- 
 ert) (May 14, 1860-March 2, 1943), edu- 
 cator, was born in Fort Recovery, Mercer 
 County, and was a lifelong resident of that 
 community. She taught in the schools of 
 Fort Recovery and vicinity for 42 years. 
 She published Fort Recovery . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1948. 
 
 FREASE, HARRY (1865-May 14, 1953), 
 lawyer, was born in Canton, Stark County. 
 As a young man he was an engineer on 
 several Ohio railroad construction projects. 
 Admitted to the bar in 1886, he practiced 
 in Canton, was active in a variety of busi- 
 ness enterprises, and was an officer of the 
 Ohio National Guard for many years. He 
 published a book on the New Deal: A Po- 
 litical Paradox . . . , Philadelphia, [1934]. 
 
 FRECHETTE, ANNIE THOMAS HOWELLS 
 
 (March 29, 1844-June 17, 1938), daughter 
 of William C. Howells and sister of Wil- 
 liam D. Howells (qq.v.), was born in Ham- 
 ilton, Butler County. In 1877 she married 
 Achille Frechette, a translator in the Cana- 
 dian House of Commons. For a time she 
 was literary editor of the Chicago Inter- 
 Ocean. She died in San Diego, Calif. 
 The Farm's Little People, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1897]. 
 On Grandfather's Farm, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1897]. 
 
 FREEMAN, ALBERT DU BOIS (Nov. 2, 
 1850-June 28, 1943), was born in Rich- 
 monddale, Ross County. He lived in Cali- 
 fornia after 1903 and died in Alhambra, 
 Calif. He wrote several booklets, e.g., Au- 
 relia and the Professor, [Monterey Park?, 
 Calif., 1923]. 
 
 FREEMAN, JULIA SUSAN WHEELOCK 
 
 (Oct. 7, 1833-1900), was born in Avon, 
 Lorain County, but grew up in Erie County, 
 Pa. In 1855 she moved to Michigan. She 
 attended Kalamazoo College and was teach- 
 ing in Ionia, Mich., when her brother was 
 wounded at Second Bull Run. She went to 
 
Freeman, M. J. 
 
 226 
 
 his bedside, and after his death she served 
 as a nurse throughout the war. She then 
 worked as a clerk in the Treasury Depart- 
 ment from 1865 until her marriage to Por- 
 ter C. Freeman in 1873, after which she 
 lived in Michigan and Springfield, Mo. 
 The Boys in White: The Experience of a 
 Hospital Agent in and around Washing- 
 ton, New York, 1870. 
 
 FREEMAN, MARTIN J. (May 17, 1899- 
 ), educator, was born in Ada, Hardin 
 County. He graduated from Ohio Northern 
 University in 1925 and the University of 
 Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1934. He has taught at 
 Iowa State College, University of Chicago, 
 and Hunter College and is now living in 
 Chappaqua, N. Y. He has written several 
 mystery novels, e.g., The Murder of a Mid- 
 get, New York, [1931]. 
 
 FREEMAN, WILLIAM A. (Aug. 28, 1880- 
 ), clergyman, born near Louisville, 111., 
 was licensed to the ministry of the Christian 
 Church in 1900. He served churches in sev- 
 eral states and after 1920 settled in Coving- 
 ton, Miami County. He now lives in Frank- 
 fort, Ross County. Besides articles on 
 religious topics, he has published a volume of 
 poems: Gray Skies and Chuckles, Coving- 
 ton, [1944]. 
 
 FREEMAN, WINFIELD (Jan. 3, 1848-July 
 5, 1926), lawyer, was born in London, Mad- 
 ison County, attended public schools in 
 Winchester, read law, and was admitted to 
 the Ohio bar in 1869. After practicing in 
 Preble County, he moved to Kansas around 
 1880. He was active in politics and in the 
 Methodist church. He was librarian of the 
 Kansas State Library from 1919 until his 
 death. His writings include The Prodigal 
 Son, Topeka, Kan., 1921. WWW 1 
 
 FREESE, ANDREW (Nov. 1, 1816-Sept. 5, 
 1904), educator, was born near Bangor, 
 Maine. He came to Cleveland in 1839 and 
 taught school until 1846, when he was 
 named the first principal of Central High 
 School. In 1854 he was elected the first 
 superintendent of schools in the city and 
 served for ten years. He returned to teach- 
 ing, 1864-68. and served another year as 
 principal of Central High School, 1868-69, 
 before retiring. He died in Cleveland at the 
 age of 88. 
 
 Early History of the Cleveland Public 
 Schools, Cleveland, 1876. 
 
 FREITAG. GEORGE (Sept. 26, 1909- ), 
 was born in Canton, Stark County, and 
 spent part of his boyhood on a farm near 
 
 Robertsville. He worked in Canton as a sign 
 painter for a number of years and now 
 lives in San Bernardino, Calif. He has pub- 
 lished a number of short stories in national 
 magazines and a novel: The Lost Land, 
 New York, [1947]. 
 
 FRENCH, ASEL BELDEN (Sept. 13, 1838- 
 ? ), spiritualist, was born in Farmington, 
 Trumbull County. He attended Western Re- 
 serve Seminary. In 1859 he moved to Clyde, 
 where he operated a nursery business. He 
 spent one year at the law school of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1872. He practiced in Tiffin until his 
 health failed, and he then returned to the 
 nursery business. He experienced his first 
 trance at the age of sixteen, and throughout 
 his life he was nationally known as a 
 speaker on spiritualism. 
 Gleanings from the Rostrum, 1892. 
 
 FRENCH, ELSIE JANET (Nov. 16, 1861- 
 Jan. 3, 1952), was born in Wakeman, Hu- 
 ron County, and she lived for many years 
 in Berlin Heights, Erie County. Her poems 
 appeared in various periodicals, and she 
 also published a collection: May Festival 
 and Other Poems, Berlin Heights, 1925. 
 
 FRENCH, HERBERT GREER (Jan. 17, 
 1872-June 25, 1942), was born in Coving- 
 ton, Ky. He spent much of his life in Cin- 
 cinnati, where he was a vice-president of 
 Procter & Gamble Company. A collection 
 of his poems was privately published: Songs 
 of the Shore & Others, [Cincinnati], 1925. 
 
 FREY, JOHN PHILIP (Feb. 24, 1871-Nov. 
 29, 1957), labor leader, born in Mankato, 
 Minn., came to Cincinnati as editor of the 
 Molders' Journal. He was secretary-treas- 
 urer of the Metal Trades Union, A.F. of L., 
 1927-34, and president, 1934-50. His last 
 years were spent in Washington, D. C, 
 where he died at the age of 86. Sometimes 
 referred to as "the scholar of the labor 
 movement," he wrote many articles and 
 several books, e.g., The Labor Injunction 
 . . . , Cincinnati, [1923?]. WWW 3 
 
 FRIEDEL, FRANCIS JOSEPH (Aug. 9, 
 1897-Feb. 12, 1959), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He graduated from the University 
 of Dayton in 1917, the University of Fri- 
 bourg, Switzerland, in 1925, and the Uni- 
 versity of Pittsburgh (Ph.D.) in 1950. 
 Ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood 
 in 1927, he served on the University of 
 Dayton faculty, 1927-43 and 1950-53. He 
 was president of Trinity College, Sioux 
 City, Iowa, 1943-49. He wrote religious ar- 
 
227 
 
 Frohman 
 
 tides and pamphlets and The Mariology of 
 Cardinal Newman, New York, 1928. WWW 
 
 3 
 
 FRIEDLAND, ABRAHAM HYMAN (July 1, 
 1892-Aug. 3, 1939), educator, was born in 
 Gorodok, Vilna, Russia, and came to the 
 United States in 1907. He was superintend- 
 ent of Hebrew schools in Cleveland from 
 1921 until his death. He published poems, 
 articles, and bilingual stories, many of them 
 for use in schools. His books include 
 Dovid'l, [New York, 1944]. 
 
 FRIEDRICH, RALPH (April 17, 1913- ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He graduated from the University of Cin- 
 cinnati in 1933 and served on the faculty, 
 1933-43. After teaching English in the Cin- 
 cinnati public schools, 1943-47, he was 
 commissioned a second lieutenant in the 
 U. S. Army. Since 1949 he has served in 
 various capacities with the military govern- 
 ment in Japan; he has been a military in- 
 telligence analyst in Tokyo and Camp Zama 
 since 1958. He has published poems, short 
 stories, and book reviews in various pe- 
 riodicals. He has also published a collection 
 of poems: Boy at Dusk . . . , New York, 
 [1941]. 
 
 FRINGS, KETTI, was born Katherine Hart- 
 ley in Columbus, Franklin County. She also 
 lived in Dayton, Akron, and Cleveland. 
 After attending Principia College, St. Louis, 
 she worked for several New York adver- 
 tising agencies and wrote radio scripts and 
 magazine articles. While living in southern 
 France, she married Kurt Frings, now an 
 actor's representative in Hollywood. She has 
 written numerous screenplays and two nov- 
 els: Hold Back the Dawn, New York, 
 [1940], and God's Front Porch, New York, 
 1944. Her greatest success came, however, 
 with her dramatization of Thomas Wolfe's 
 Look Homeward, Angel, for which she re- 
 ceived the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 
 1958. 
 
 FRISBIE, ROBERT DEAN (April 16, 1896- 
 Nov. 19, 1948), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. After attending schools 
 in Connecticut and California, he served in 
 the army and also was a reporter in Cali- 
 fornia. After 1920 he was a trader and 
 navigator in the South Pacific. He died in 
 Rarotonga, Cook Islands. He wrote short 
 stories, novels, and nonfiction about the 
 South Seas, e.g., My Tahiti, Boston, 1937. 
 WWW 2 
 
 FRITCHMAN, STEPHEN HOLE (May 12, 
 1902- ), clergyman, was born in Cleve- 
 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1924 and 
 Union Theological Seminary in 1927. He 
 has served on the faculties of several uni- 
 versities, and since 1948 has been pastor 
 of First Unitarian Church, Los Angeles. 
 He has written for various magazines and 
 newspapers, and his books include Men of 
 Liberty; Ten Unitarian Pioneers, Boston, 
 1944. WW 30 
 
 FRITZ, JOHN HENRY CHARLES (July 30, 
 1874-April 12, 1953), clergyman, was born 
 in Martins Ferry, Belmont County. He grad- 
 uated from Concordia Seminary, Fort 
 Wayne, Ind., in 1897. After serving several 
 Lutheran pastorates, he served as dean of 
 Concordia Seminary, 1920-40. His writings 
 include Pastoral Theology, St. Louis, Mo., 
 1932. WWW 3 
 
 FRIZELL, MARTHA G. SINKS (1893-July 
 15, 1956), wife of William G. Frizell 
 (q.v. ), was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 County. A graduate of Ohio Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity, she taught in Dayton schools. She 
 published poems in various periodicals and 
 in a collected volume, A Stranger and Afraid 
 . . . , New York [1941]. BDCP 
 
 FRIZELL, WILLIAM GIVENS (Aug. 31, 
 1866-Dec. 14, 1943), lawyer, was born in 
 Dayton, Montgomery County. After grad- 
 uating from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1887, he read law and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1889. He practiced in Dayton and 
 served in the state legislature, 1903-08. He 
 traveled widely, frequently lectured about 
 his trips, and wrote at least three travel 
 books, e.g., Out of the Way Places, Day- 
 ton, 1909. 
 
 FROHMAN, DANIEL (Aug. 22, 1851-Dec. 
 26, 1940), was born in Sandusky, Erie 
 County. As a sort of ghost-author, he may 
 have contributed far more to literature than 
 as author of four books and many news- 
 paper and magazine articles. The theater, 
 rather than written literature, has known 
 the Frohman name, and the stage indelibly 
 records its influence. It is difficult to men- 
 tion any one of the three Frohman broth- 
 ers — Daniel, Gustave or Charles — without 
 including the other two. Their lives reflect 
 the wisdom of one of Daniel's observations: 
 "The nearer the bottom one begins, the 
 more firmly grounded, deeply rooted he will 
 be. Nature doesn't allow seeds to flower 
 away up in the air; why then should actors 
 be expected to do so?" Daniel Frohman's 
 father, Henry Frohman, came from Darm- 
 stadt, Germany, in 1845, and after several 
 stops, settled in Sandusky, where he manu- 
 
Frohman 
 
 228 
 
 factured cigars and conducted a bar and 
 restaurant. Here the family lived for al- 
 most twenty years, and here Daniel was 
 born. The father's histrionic activities were 
 displayed at home, at work, and on the lo- 
 cal amateur stage. Play-reading as a boy 
 started Daniel on the literary side of the 
 stage, for he accompanied his father in wa- 
 gon trips to nearby towns to sell cigars and 
 on the way acted as prompter to his father 
 for his then-current role. Daniel went to 
 school in Sandusky until he was about 
 twelve years old and was then sent to New 
 York City in 1863, where he continued his 
 grammar school education for about another 
 year. His family followed him to New York 
 City in 1864. Daniel has recalled the prison 
 for Confederate officers which was built on 
 Johnson's Island in Sandusky Bay during 
 1862. It was in Sandusky that he received 
 practically all of his formal education. In 
 this slender warp of education must be 
 woven a woof of experience and observa- 
 tions, beginning with work in the New 
 York Tribune offices, where he soon met, 
 and translated the hieroglyphics of, Horace 
 Greeley, and continuing along the never- 
 ending theatrical history of New York's 
 Broadway. The earliest record of a Daniel 
 Frohman article is his contribution on the 
 "Personal Habits of Horace Greeley," pub- 
 lished in the Sandusky Register of Oct. 26, 
 1869, a fact which shows, in itself, that 
 Daniel Frohman's thoughts returned to his 
 birthplace even against New York's attrac- 
 tions. Daniel received the usual "Annie 
 Oakleys" through newspaper associates and 
 came in contact with the theater through the 
 Tribune's famous critic-author, William 
 Winter, but he undoubtedly had greater 
 impressions and opportunities from con- 
 tacts in and about his father's cigar store at 
 708 Broadway, then in the heart of the 
 theatrical district. The original Brentano's 
 bookstore was next door; the Academy of 
 Music, Niblo's Garden, and the Rialto, 
 Union Square, Wallack's and Olympia 
 Theaters were all close by. All three Froh- 
 man boys began their theatrical careers as 
 advance agents for theatrical troupes in the 
 days of one-night stands, makeshift theaters, 
 poor transportation, and survival-of-the-fittest 
 business methods. Daniel began in 1874 
 with the Georgia Minstrels, and with his 
 experience over the next five years, he 
 knew every opera house, theater, and lodge 
 hall in the country. His first management 
 job was with Steele MacKaye at the Madi- 
 son Square Theatre in 1879. He was joined 
 by his two brothers, and the New York 
 story of the Frohman management began 
 in earnest. The name "Lyceum" is synony- 
 
 mous with Daniel Frohman in the theatri- 
 cal world. In 1886, he undertook the man- 
 agement of the Old Lyceum and brought 
 forth E. H. Sothern, who starred in The 
 Highest Bidder and who continued to 
 make stage history for many years to come. 
 At about that time, David Belasco joined 
 the Frohmans in their after-theater round 
 tables, where menus and tabletops became 
 the stage; table silver and pencils, the play- 
 ers. The friendships and influences that 
 these dream-sessions founded lasted through- 
 out their lives, and each of the participants 
 reported most lively discussions, full of idea 
 interchange, mutual criticism, and stage- 
 technique development. In later life, these 
 early foundations developed into a knowl- 
 edge of "good theater" and "bad theater" 
 that was well-nigh automatic. The intense 
 interest of the group in those early days 
 made possible the presentation of plays by 
 many famous authors in later years. In 
 1887, Daniel Frohman began to assemble 
 his famous "Lyceum Stock Company." The 
 key to Daniel Frohman's real contribution 
 to literature as a ghost writer may have 
 been unwittingly given in connection with 
 his comments on the stock company's first 
 play, which he asked Belasco to write. Be- 
 lasco cooperated with Henry C. DeMille, 
 play reader for Daniel Frohman, and to- 
 gether they wrote The Wife. Of this team, 
 "D. F." said: "DeMille had been success- 
 ful in writing plays alone, but he was pri- 
 marily a literary person, while Belasco, with 
 his strong natural sense of drama, worked 
 less with lines and situations than with ac- 
 tion and stage effect. He saw human nature 
 only from the footlights." The Old Lyceum 
 gave way, after the turn of the century, to 
 the new Lyceum Theatre on 45th Street, 
 and it was opened with E. H. Sothern star- 
 ring in The Proud Prince on Nov. 2, 1903. 
 And the plays went on; but Daniel turned 
 over many interests to his brother Charles, 
 who later met his death with the sinking 
 of the Lusitania, May 7, 1915, with those 
 oft-repeated words: "Why fear death? It is 
 the most beautiful adventure in life." It is 
 in this connection that Daniel's philosophy 
 is unscreened: "My own impression about 
 Charles' death is that it occurred at just 
 about the right time. He had reached the 
 climax of his management career. Had he 
 continued he would have been affected by 
 the tremendous reverses that have since af- 
 fected all industries. He would have had 
 trouble financially and otherwise. As it was, 
 he died while he was at the top and left 
 behind him a splendid record of theatrical 
 achievements." In 1912 Daniel Frohman be- 
 came a director of Famous Players Film 
 
229 
 
 Fuller, H. B. 
 
 Company, and, during a period of about five 
 years, the caption "Daniel Frohman Pre- 
 sents" was flashed on screen releases 
 throughout the country. Undoubtedly the 
 most intense activity in which Daniel Froh- 
 man engaged was the Actors' Fund, of 
 which he was a charter member from its 
 foundation in 1882 and its first secretary. 
 The Fund provided relief for needy play- 
 ers and operated a home for their retire- 
 ment. "D. F.,*' as he was known to the 
 theatrical world, became the sixth president 
 in 1904 and served in that capacity, with- 
 out compensation and with great activity, 
 until his death. Still the producer, he pre- 
 dicted "The last curtain is falling," and un- 
 doubtedly believed that his own life play, 
 like those plays that he staged, should "re- 
 flect life, not as it is, but as it should be." 
 He wrote four books: Memories of a Man- 
 ager . . . , New York, 1911, Charles Froh- 
 man, Manager and Man, (with I. F. Mar- 
 cosson), New York, 1916. Daniel Frohman 
 Presents: An Autobiography, New York, 
 1935, and Encore . . . , New York, 1937. 
 Charles E. Frohman 
 
 FROST, STANLEY (Oct. 26, 1881-June 14, 
 1942), journalist, was born in Oberlin, Lo- 
 rain County. He graduated from Berea Col- 
 lege in 1902. He worked as a reporter on 
 the New York Tribune, 1902 and 1915-20, 
 on the Berea Citizen, 1907-10, and on the 
 Detroit News, 1910-14. He was also a con- 
 tributor to several national magazines. His 
 residence at the time of his death was Rich- 
 mond, Va. His books include The Challenge 
 of the Klan, Indianapolis, [1924]. WWW 3 
 
 FROST, WESLEY (June 17, 1884- ), 
 diplomat, was born in Oberlin, Lorain 
 County. He graduated from Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1907. From 1909 until his retire- 
 ment in 1944, he served the Department of 
 State in various capacities: as U. S. consul 
 in several cities, as a foreign trade advisor, 
 and as ambassador to Paraguay, 1942-44. 
 His residence in 1960 was Oberlin. During 
 World War I he lectured on submarine war- 
 fare and published German Submarine 
 Warfare . . . , New York, 1918. WW 24 
 
 FRY, BENJAMIN ST. JAMES (June 16, 
 1824-Feb. 5, 1892), clergyman, was born 
 in Rutledge, Tenn. He attended Woodward 
 College, Cincinnati, and began contributing 
 to the Cincinnati Times in 1840. He edited 
 the Western Rambler. In 1847 he became 
 a Methodist clergyman, and for a few 
 years he was president of Worthington Col- 
 lege for Women. He also served as chap- 
 lain of the 63rd O.V.I., 1861-64. In 1865 
 
 he moved to St. Louis to take charge of the 
 Methodist Book Concern. He became edi- 
 tor of the St. Louis Central Christian Advo- 
 cate in 1872. His death occurred in St. 
 Louis. 
 Lives of Bishops Whatcoat, McKendree & 
 
 George, New York, 1852. 
 The Life of Robert R. Roberts . . . , New 
 
 York, 1856. 
 Property Consecrated; Or, Honoring God 
 
 with Our Substance . . . , New York, 
 
 1856. 
 An Appeal to Facts . . . , New York, 1890. 
 
 FRY, JOSEPH REESE (1811-June, 1865), 
 born in Philadelphia, Pa., lived a few years 
 in Cincinnati, where he edited the Western 
 Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal in 
 1836 and published the Daily Express, 
 1837-39. He was later a banker in Phila- 
 delphia and wrote at least two books, e.g., 
 Our Battles in Mexico . . . , Philadelphia, 
 1850. 
 
 FRY, SUSANNA MARGARET DAVIDSON 
 
 (Feb. 4, 1841-Oct. 10, 1920), educator, 
 was born in Burlington, Lawrence County. 
 She was educated at Western College for 
 Women. Oxford, studied at Ohio Wesleyan 
 University, and earned a Ph.D. at Syracuse 
 University. She married the Rev. James D. 
 Fry in 1868, taught in Burlington and Iron- 
 ton schools, and served on the faculty of 
 Illinois Wesleyan University, 1876-90. She 
 was corresponding secretary of the national 
 W.C.T.U., 1898-1908. She died in Bloom- 
 ington, 111., and is buried in Ironton. 
 A Paradise Valley Girl, Chicago, 1899. 
 
 FRYF, BURTON JAMES CONRAD (Aug. 
 28, 1920- ), was born in Huron, Erie 
 County. He graduated from Miami Univer- 
 sity in 1943 and later studied in Naples. 
 He lived in Lorain while employed by the 
 National Tube Co. and is now living in 
 Lake Geneva, Wis. He has published poems 
 in various magazines and in several collec- 
 tions, e.g., Castalia, Prairie City, 111., [1948]. 
 
 FULLER, EMILY GUILLON (1860-1927), 
 was born in Bellefontaine, Logan County. 
 She married E. J. Howenstein, an attorney 
 in Bellefontaine. She wrote The Prize 
 Watch . . . , Akron, 1901. 
 
 FULLER, HUBERT BRUCE (June 15, 1880- 
 Feb. 9, 1957), lawyer, was born in Derby, 
 Conn. He graduated from Yale University 
 in 1901 and from Yale Law School in 1903. 
 In 1903 he began the practice of law in 
 Cleveland. He was secretary to Senator 
 Theodore Burton, 1909-15. He published 
 
Fullerton, H. S. 
 
 230 
 
 numerous articles and several books on le- 
 gal, historical, and political subjects, e.g., 
 The Speakers of the House, Boston, 1909. 
 WW 26 
 
 FULLERTON, HUGH STUART (Sept. 10, 
 1873-Dec. 27, 1945), journalist, was born 
 in Hillsboro, Highland County. He began 
 newspaper writing in Hillsboro in 1888, at- 
 tended Ohio State University, 1891-93, and 
 worked on various newspapers in Cincin- 
 nati, Chicago, New York, and Columbus. In 
 1906 he was the first sports writer to publish 
 predictions on a World Series. He was on the 
 staff of Liberty magazine, 1923-28, and also 
 wrote many articles for the Saturday Eve- 
 ning Post. He wrote a series of novels for 
 boys describing the baseball exploits of the 
 hero, Jimmy Kirkland. His other books, 
 mostly on racing and other sports, include 
 Racing Yarns, New York, [1924]. WW 21 
 
 FULLERTON, KEMPER (Nov. 29, 1865- 
 March 24, 1940), educator, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Princeton University in 1888 and from 
 Union Theological Seminary in 1891. He 
 taught at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, 1 893— 
 1904, and was on the faculty of Oberlin 
 Graduate School of Theology, 1904-34. 
 After his retirement, he continued to live 
 in Oberlin until his death. He wrote Proph- 
 ecy and Authority . . . , New York, 1917. 
 WWW 1 
 
 FULMER, CHESTA HOLT (March 18, 1900- 
 Sept. 11, 1957), journalist, was born in 
 Nashville, Tenn., and attended the schools 
 of that city. She married E. Porter Fulmer 
 of Dayton in 1920; during her residence in 
 Dayton she was a reporter and columnist 
 for the Dayton Herald. She published a 
 volume of verse and prose: Far Pastures, 
 Yellow Springs, [1940]. 
 
 FULTON, JUSTIN DEWEY (March 1, 1828- 
 April 16, 1901), clergyman, born in Earl- 
 ville, N. Y., was a Baptist minister in San- 
 dusky, 1855-59. He was a vigorous oppo- 
 nent of slavery, alcohol, the theater, women's 
 suffrage, and Catholicism. While in San- 
 dusky he published the first of his anti- 
 Catholic polemics: Outlook of Freedom: Or, 
 the Roman Catholic Element in American 
 History, Cincinnati, 1856. 
 
 FUNK, CHARLES EARLE (April 4, 1881- 
 April 16, 1957), editor and lexicographer, 
 was born in Springfield, Clark County. He 
 served as an editor of the New Standard 
 Dictionary and numerous other compila- 
 tions. His death occurred in Mount Dora, 
 
 Fla. He wrote studies of word-origins, e.g., 
 A Hog on Ice, and Other Curious Expres- 
 sions, New York, [1948]. WWW 3 
 
 FUNK, ISAAC KAUFFMAN (Sept. 10, 1839- 
 April 4, 1912), editor and publisher, was 
 born in Clifton, Greene County. He grad- 
 uated from Wittenberg College in 1860 and 
 was ordained a Lutheran pastor the follow- 
 ing year. He served churches in Indiana, in 
 Carey, Ohio, and in Brooklyn, N. Y. As an 
 aid to preachers in search of sermon themes, 
 he founded the Metropolitan Pulpit in 1876. 
 which after several changes in its name 
 emerged in 1885 as the Homiletic Review 
 and continued under this name until its 
 suspension in 1934. In the same year he 
 began supplying books, pictures, and other 
 materials to ministers. In 1877 he took as a 
 partner Adam W. Wagnalls. The firm of 
 Funk & Wagnalls specialized in reference 
 books for ministers. A temperance paper, 
 the Voice, begun in 1885, was highly suc- 
 cessful, but the company's most prosperous 
 venture was the Literary Digest, begun in 
 1890. Funk was editor-in-chief of the Stand- 
 ard Dictionary, published by his firm. In 
 his declining years he wrote several books 
 on religion and spiritualism, e.g., The 
 Psychic Riddle, New York, 1907. DAB 7 
 
 FUNKHOUSER, GEORGE A. (June 7, 1841- 
 July 30, 1927), clergyman, was born in 
 Shenandoah County, Va. After serving in 
 the Civil War, 1862-65, he graduated from 
 Otterbein College in 1868 and from West- 
 ern Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh, in 
 1871, and was ordained to the ministry of 
 the United Brethren Church. He served on 
 the faculty of Union (Bonebrake) Semi- 
 nary, 1871-1912. After his retirement, 
 he directed seminary extension work until 
 his death. He died in Dayton. He wrote 
 many articles on religious subjects and The 
 Divinity of Our Lord, Dayton, 1902. 
 
 FUNSTON, FREDERICK (Nov. 9, 1865- 
 Feb. 19, 1917), army officer, was born in 
 New Carlisle, Clark County, but grew up 
 on a farm in Kansas, where his family 
 moved when he was ten years old. After 
 fighting as a member of the Cuban insur- 
 rectionists, he joined the U. S. Army and 
 fought in the Philippines. In 1901 he was 
 promoted to the rank of brigadier general. 
 He wrote Memories of Two Wars; Cuban 
 and Philippine Experiences, [New York, 
 1911]. DAB 7 
 
 FURBAY, JOHN HARVEY (Sept. 23, 1903- 
 ), educator, was born in Mount Gilead, 
 
231 
 
 Galbraith 
 
 Morrow County. He attended Otterbein 
 College, 1921-23, graduated from Asbury 
 College, Wilmore, Ky., in 1924, and earned 
 a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1931. He 
 taught biology in several colleges and uni- 
 versities before joining the U. S. Depart- 
 ment of Education in 1943. He has traveled 
 widely in the interests of education and in- 
 ternational understanding. He has written 
 for magazines and newspapers and has pub- 
 lished several books, e.g., Nature Chats 
 . . . , Lancaster, Pa., 1933. WW 30 
 
 FURNAS, BOYD EDWIN (June 21, 1848- 
 June 2, 1897), was born in Pleasant Hill, 
 Miami County. At an early age he began 
 contributing poetry to periodicals. He was 
 auditor of Miami County, 1889-96. He 
 compiled an atlas-directory of the county in 
 1883. Some of his poems were published 
 posthumously. 
 
 Poems of Heart and Home, Columbus, 
 1898. 
 
 FUSH. Pseud. See Williston Fish. 
 
 G 
 
 GABRIEL, JOEL C. (Aug. 21, 1830-April 2, 
 1891), was born in Muskingum County. He 
 enlisted in the 175th O.V.I, in Sept., 1864, 
 and on Nov. 29 he was captured at Spring 
 Hill, Tenn. He escaped Dec. 22, 1864. The 
 pamphlet recounting his experiences was 
 published by his sister, Mrs. W. W. Ram- 
 say. Its cover title is Joel C. Gabriel's Es- 
 cape from the Rebels. He died at Carlisle, 
 Brown County. 
 Joel C. Gabriel . . . , Boston, 1894. 
 
 GADDIS, MAXWELL PIERSON (Sept. 9, 
 1811-Sept. 8, 1888), clergyman, born in 
 Lancaster County, Pa., was brought to 
 Ohio in 1817. He was converted at a Meth- 
 odist camp meeting in 1824. While teaching 
 school in 1830, he was given a license to 
 exhort, and five years later he was licensed 
 as a local preacher. He preached on the 
 circuit in southwestern Ohio, conducted 
 many revivals, and served churches at Ful- 
 ton, Piqua, Yellow Springs, and other 
 towns. He died in Dayton. 
 
 Foot-prints of an Itinerant, Cincinnati, 1855. 
 
 The Sacred Hour . . . , Cincinnati, 1856. 
 
 Brief Recollections of the Late Rev. George 
 W. Walker, Cincinnati, 1857. 
 
 The Conversion of a Skeptic . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1858. 
 
 Last Words and Old-time Memories . . . , 
 New York, 1880. 
 
 GAGE, FRANCES DANA BARKER (Oct. 12, 
 1808-Nov. 10, 1884), reformer and writer, 
 was born in Marietta, Washington County, 
 of New England ancestry. In 1829 she mar- 
 ried James L. Gage, a lawyer of McCon- 
 nelsville. She was an active advocate of abo- 
 lition, temperance, and women's rights, and 
 in 1851 she presided over a large women's 
 rights convention in Akron. In 1853 the 
 
 family moved to St. Louis, Mo., where her 
 antislavery views subjected them to threats 
 of violence. Her husband failed in business, 
 and they returned to Ohio, where she edited 
 an agricultural paper in Columbus. When 
 the Civil War broke out, she went South to 
 work with the freedmen and later became 
 an unsalaried agent of the Sanitary Com- 
 mission. In Sept., 1864, she was injured in a 
 carriage accident in Galesburg, 111., but she 
 continued to lecture on temperance and the 
 needs of the freedmen until Aug., 1867, 
 when she suffered a paralytic stroke. Though 
 an invalid for the rest of her life, she 
 wrote stories and verses for children, using 
 the pen name Aunt Fanny. She died in 
 Greenwich, Conn. 
 
 Elsie Magoon . . . , Philadelphia, 1867. 
 Poems, Philadelphia, 1867. 
 Gertie's Sacrifice . . . , New York, 1868. 
 Steps Upward: A Temperance Tale, Phila- 
 delphia, 1870. 
 Six Mitten Books, 6 vols., New York. 
 Take Heed and Other Stories, New York. 
 
 GAINES, GARRY. Pseud. See Ann V. S. Pat- 
 terson. 
 
 GALAIDA, EDWARD (July 27, 1906- ), 
 was born in Youngstown, Mahoning County, 
 and still lives in that city. He attended Har- 
 vard University, 1925-29, was a reporter on 
 the Youngstown Vindicator for a time, 
 edited a tourist magazine, Visit, in Cali- 
 fornia, was a district supervisor, Federal 
 Writers' Project, 1935-41, served in the 
 Air Force during World War II, and is now 
 an interviewer with the Ohio State Employ- 
 ment Service. He has written Mill Creek 
 Park, Cleveland, 1941. 
 
 GALBRAITH, ROBERT CHRISTY (Nov. 
 30, 1832-Nov. 18, 1916), clergyman, was 
 
Galbreath 
 
 232 
 
 born in Frankfort, Ross County. He gradu- 
 ated from Miami University in 1853, was 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 
 1857, and served as chaplain at the State 
 Reform Farm for four years. He served 
 Presbyterian churches in Frankfort, Lancas- 
 ter, Concord, and Chillicothe. 
 The History of the Chillicothe Presbytery 
 . . . , Chillicothe, 1889. 
 
 GALBREATH, CHARLES BURLEIGH (Feb. 
 25, 1858-Feb. 23, 1934), librarian, was 
 born near Leetonia, Columbiana County. 
 He graduated from New Lisbon High 
 School and in 1882 from Mount Union 
 College. He was superintendent of schools 
 at Wilmot, 1884-86, and East Palestine, 
 1886-93, and was on the faculty of Mount 
 Hope College, 1893-96, serving the last 
 few months as its president. He resigned, 
 however, to become state librarian, a post 
 he held until 1911 and which he filled again, 
 1915-18. He did much to expand the re- 
 sources and services of the library. From 
 1920 until his death he edited the Quarterly 
 of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical 
 Society. He published many biographical 
 and historical studies in the Quarterly which 
 were later issued in pamphlet form. Besides 
 numerous articles and monographs, he pub- 
 lished a volume of verse: The Crimson 
 Flower . . . , Columbus, 1919, and The His- 
 tory of Ohio, 5 vols., Chicago, 1925. DAB 
 22 
 
 GALL, ALICE CREW (July 11, 1878-Aug. 
 20, 1949), was born in McConnelsville, 
 Morgan County. In 1902 she married Henry 
 Ross Gall, a newspaperman; they lived in 
 Cleveland, where her husband worked on 
 the Leader, and in 1915 they moved to 
 New York City. After working as a literary 
 agent and publisher's reader in New York, 
 she returned to McConnelsville in 1946. 
 With her brother, Fleming H. Crew (q.v.), 
 she wrote a number of children's stories 
 and books; their collaboration was con- 
 ducted by correspondence. She also wrote 
 In Peace and War . . . , New York, 1941. 
 JBA 
 
 GALLAGHER, WILLIAM DAVIS (Aug. 21, 
 1808-June 27, 1894), was born in Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. His lifelong characteristics were 
 energy and impetuousness, qualities inherited 
 in full measure from his father, who was 
 excommunicated on his deathbed for re- 
 fusing to reveal the secrets of Freemasonry. 
 In 1816 his mother brought her family of 
 four sons to Ohio and settled near what 
 is now Mount Pleasant in Hamilton 
 County. Young William's early education 
 
 was obtained between the beautiful, truant- 
 inviting countryside and a log schoolhouse. 
 Later he attended the Lancastrian Seminary 
 in Clermont County. He published his first 
 verse at the age of sixteen. A few years 
 later, in 1826, he became the general as- 
 sistant to the founder of The Western Til- 
 ler, an agricultural magazine published in 
 Cincinnati; and thereafter, for much of the 
 remainder of his active life, he was as- 
 sociated with various Western newspapers 
 and magazines, chiefly in Cincinnati, Xenia, 
 and Columbus. By any standard, Gallagher's 
 devotion and energy were enormous. He 
 was determined to become the literary 
 apostle of the West and he worked un- 
 tiringly to that end. He founded or sup- 
 ported at least fourteen periodicals and 
 slaved on them as editor, publisher, and 
 contributor. It must be admitted that most 
 of his ventures were financial failures, the 
 profit from some not even paying for the 
 magazine covers; Ohio in the 1830s and 
 1840s was not a favorable soil for litera- 
 ture, polite or crude. But the seed Gal- 
 lagher sowed so lavishly, if it did not sprout 
 well, turned into humus. He introduced 
 many outstanding Eastern writers to Ohio 
 readers, and at least one of his poems, "The 
 Revelers," may have influenced Edgar Allan 
 Poe. In 1831 Gallagher married Miss Emma 
 Adamson, a steady and inspiring helpmate 
 until her death in 1867. Nine children 
 were born to the couple. While writing on 
 a variety of topics — social, political, geo- 
 graphical — Gallagher nevertheless found 
 time to compose a great deal of verse, 
 which was popular in his day. Many of his 
 lyrics were set to music and sung on the 
 stage. In 1835-1837 he published three vol- 
 umes of his verse under the title Erato. Per- 
 haps his most significant journalistic effort 
 was undertaken about this time, when he 
 edited with Otway Curry (q.v.) The Hes- 
 perian, or Western Monthly Magazine, 
 which ran from May, 1838, to Nov., 1839. 
 In 1841 he brought out a small volume 
 entitled Selections from the Poetical Litera- 
 ture of the West, representing the work of 
 38 poets. The opening selection was a long 
 poem of his own, "Miami Woods," which 
 with some alterations and enlargements later 
 became Part One of his most important 
 poem, bearing the same title. Gallagher was 
 twice elected president of the Historical and 
 Philosophical Society of Ohio, and in 1850 
 published his President's Address, read be- 
 fore the Society, "Progress in the North- 
 west." In it he praised the greatness of the 
 Ohio country, the strength of united labor, 
 and "Anglo-Saxonism" — which was Gal- 
 lagher's term for white domination. His 
 
233 
 
 Gaily 
 
 racial principles, however, were not narrow; 
 and in the trying days preceding the Civil 
 War he was an outspoken antislavery man 
 in a region where popular opinion was 
 violently opposed. A new era of public life 
 opened for him in 1850, when he was called 
 to Washington as the private secretary of 
 Thomas Corwin, the Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury. During the Civil War he held a sim- 
 ilar post under Salmon P. Chase. As an ap- 
 pointee of President Lincoln, he performed 
 many valuable services for the Union cause. 
 Gallagher published Miami Woods and 
 Other Poems in 1881. His last years were 
 spent in the care of his children, in his 
 picturesque house in Peewee Valley, near 
 Louisville, Ky., where he died. His reputa- 
 tion as a poet rests mainly on "Miami 
 Woods," which finally appeared as a serial 
 in seven parts written from 1839 to 1856. 
 The heart of the poem is the lament of the 
 poet-father over the death of a beloved 
 daughter. The form (blank verse) and the 
 didactic tone of the poem are strongly rem- 
 iniscent of the eighteenth- and nineteenth- 
 century British nature poets, particularly 
 Wordsworth; and the themes of the poem 
 — the beauty of nature, the sustaining power 
 of religion, and the dignity of the common 
 man — are often tritely managed. But the 
 feeling of bereavement breaks the restraints 
 of artificiality and finds language worthy of 
 it in the latter two parts of the poem and 
 lifts it to the level of the minor elegiac 
 poems of the language. 
 
 Tom Burns Haber 
 Erato, Number I, Cincinnati, 1835. 
 Erato, Number II, Cincinnati. 1835. 
 Erato, Number III, Cincinnati, 1837. 
 Selections from the Poetical Literature of 
 
 the West . . . , Cincinnati, 1841. 
 Facts and Conditions of Progress in the 
 
 North-west . . . , Cincinnati. 1850. 
 Miami Woods, a Golden Wedding, and 
 
 Other Poems, Cincinnati, 1881. 
 
 GALLAHER, JAMES (Oct. 8, 1792-1853), 
 clergyman, born in Washington County, 
 Tenn., was ordained to the Presbyterian 
 ministry in 1815. After serving churches in 
 Tennessee, he was pastor of Third Presby- 
 terian Church, Cincinnati, 1830-35. After 
 leaving Cincinnati he taught at Marion Col- 
 lege, Mo., 1835-39, and served churches in 
 Missouri. He was chaplain of the House of 
 Representatives, 1852-53. He wrote The 
 Pilgrimage of Adam and David . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1846. 
 
 GALLAHER, WALLACE W. (Nov. 20, 1861- 
 June 27, 1959), educator, was born in Mead 
 Township, Belmont County. He was a 
 
 teacher and principal in Ohio and Missouri. 
 He settled in Dilles Bottom, Belmont 
 County, in 1930. His writings about fishing 
 include Black Bass Lore, New York, 1937. 
 
 GALLAND, ISAAC (1790-1858), physician 
 and adventurer, was born near Chillicothe, 
 Ross County. He went on a filibustering ex- 
 pedition into Mexico, spent a year in a 
 Spanish prison, and later lived with several 
 Indian tribes. In the 1820s he was practicing 
 medicine in Illinois and, allegedly, supple- 
 menting his earnings by counterfeiting. In 
 1829 he was practicing in Iowa. He was 
 later associated with Joseph Smith in Nau- 
 voo, 111., and was one of the regents of the 
 Mormon university there. He died in Iowa. 
 His Iowa Emigrant is highly prized by col- 
 lectors of Western Americana. Galland also 
 issued five numbers of Chronicles of the 
 North American Savages. 
 Galland's Iowa Emigrant . . . , Chillicothe, 
 1840. 
 
 GALLIZIER, NATHAN (Feb. 8, 1866-Jan. 
 14, 1927), was born in Ludwigsburg, Ger- 
 many, studied for the priesthood, and spent 
 several years with the Benedictine Monks 
 in the upper valley of the Danube. He made 
 a special study of medieval European his- 
 tory. In 1882 he came to the United States. 
 A resident of Cincinnati, he wrote a num- 
 ber of novels dealing with Italian history, 
 e.g., The Hill of Venus, Boston, 1913. 
 
 GALLOWAY, JULIA REBECCA (Sept. 8, 
 1874-Jan. 29, 1955), was born in Tippe- 
 canoe City, Miami County. She lived in 
 Xenia for a time and moved to Cincinnati 
 while in her teens. She was on the editorial 
 staff of the Western Christian Advocate for 
 a number of years. She published numerous 
 poems in magazines and newspapers, and in 
 1905 she published a collection: When the 
 Lilacs Bloom, and Other Poems, Boston, 
 1905. 
 
 GALLOWAY, WILLIAM ALBERT (April 8, 
 1860-Nov. 7, 1931), physician, was born in 
 Xenia, Greene County, of a pioneer family. 
 He attended Antioch College and graduated 
 from Medical College of Ohio in 1890. He 
 practiced in Xenia. His interest in local 
 history and archaeology led to his writing 
 The History of Glen Helen, [Columbus, 
 1932]. 
 
 GALLY, JAMES WELLESLEY (Dec. 8, 
 1828-Oct. 5, 1891), born in Wheeling, 
 Va., lived in Zanesville, 1853-64. He prac- 
 ticed dentistry there and edited the Aurora, 
 1857-60. He later lived in Nevada and 
 
Gambier 
 
 234 
 
 California and wrote for Western maga- 
 zines. His death occurred in Watsonville, 
 Calif. He wrote Sand, and Big Jack Small, 
 Chicago, 1880. 
 
 GAMBIER, KENYON. Pseud. See Lorin A. 
 Lathrop. 
 
 GAMBLE, SIDNEY DAVID (July 12, 1890- 
 ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from Princeton Uni- 
 versity in 1912. He has served as a 
 Y.M.C.A. official in China, 1918-19 and 
 1924-27, and has written several books 
 about that country, e.g., Peking, a Social 
 Survey . . . , New York, [1921]. WW 30 
 
 GAMERTSFELDER, SOLOMON JACOB 
 
 (Oct. 10, 1851-Aug. 6, 1925), clergyman 
 and educator, was born in Coshocton 
 County. He graduated from Northwestern 
 College in 1878 and Evangelical Theolog- 
 ical Seminary, Naperville, 111., in 1881. Or- 
 dained to the ministry of the Evangelical 
 Association in 1881, he served as pastor of 
 several Ohio churches, 1879-87, was asso- 
 ciate editor of the Evangelical Messenger, 
 Cleveland, 1887-95, and was professor of 
 systematic theology (1895-1911) and presi- 
 dent (1911-19) of Evangelical Theological 
 Seminary, Naperville. His writings include 
 A Bible Study on Prayer, Cleveland, [1907]. 
 
 GANO, LOUISE HEINKE (Dec. 31, 1885-Jan. 
 1, 1949), was born in Philadelphia, Pa., 
 and lived in Cincinnati from 1925 until her 
 death. She published poetry in the Times- 
 Star and other newspapers and also brought 
 out a collection of verse: From My Muse 
 to You, Portland, Maine, 1948. 
 
 GANTVOORT, ARNOLD JOHANN (Dec. 6, 
 
 1857-May 18, 1937), musician, was born 
 in Amsterdam, Holland. He came to Amer- 
 ica in 1876 and operated a College of Mu- 
 sic in Cincinnati until 1921, when he moved 
 to Los Angeles. He wrote a number of mu- 
 sic textbooks and Familiar Talks on the 
 History of Music, New York, 1913. WWW 
 1 
 
 GARBER, CLARK McKINLEY (June 22, 
 1891- ), educator and lecturer, was 
 born in Butler, Richland County, and at 
 present is living in that community. He 
 graduated from Wittenberg College in 
 1916 and did graduate work at Ohio 
 State University. He taught at Capital Uni- 
 versity, 1916-22, was a school principal 
 and superintendent of Eskimo education in 
 Alaska, 1925-34, lectured widely on the 
 Eskimos, 1934-43, and taught in Ohio high 
 
 schools. He has published a number of ar- 
 ticles on Eskimo customs and several books, 
 e.g., Stories and Legends of the Bering 
 Strait Eskimos, Boston, [1940]. 
 
 GARDENER, HELEN HAMILTON (Jan. 21, 
 1853-July 26, 1925), novelist and reformer, 
 born in Winchester, Va., received much of 
 her education in Ohio. She attended high 
 school in Cincinnati, graduated from Ohio 
 State Normal School in 1872, and was prin- 
 cipal of the Ohio Branch State Normal 
 School, 1873-74. After moving to New 
 York City, she lectured and wrote on so- 
 ciological and humanitarian subjects and 
 wrote several novels, e.g., An Unofficial 
 Patriot, [Boston, 1894]. 
 
 GARDINER, FREDERIC (1822-1889), edu- 
 cator, born in Gardiner, Maine, served on 
 the Kenyon College faculty, 1865-69. He 
 wrote The Island of Life: An Allegory, 
 Boston, 1851. 
 
 GARDNER, MATTHEW (Dec. 5, 1790-Oct. 
 10, 1873), clergyman, was born in Stephen- 
 town, N. Y. In 1800 his family came to 
 Ohio and purchased a farm near Ripley. 
 As a hand on a flatboat to New Orleans, he 
 was converted temporarily to Universalism. 
 Back in Ohio on his father's farm in 1810, 
 he was baptized in the Christian Church, 
 which he served as a minister throughout 
 the remainder of his life. He organized 
 churches and preached in southern Ohio. 
 Besides the titles below, he published a 
 hymnbook that went into four editions. 
 Both conservative and combative by na- 
 ture, he sturdily opposed Universalism, 
 Unitarianism, and Freemasonry. Despite 
 threats of violence he attacked Freemasonry 
 at every opportunity. 
 
 A Concise History of the United Persecu- 
 tions against the Church of Christ . . . , 
 Georgetown, 1828. 
 Twelve Years' Observation and Examina- 
 tion of Mr. Alexander Campbell's Theory 
 and Practice of the Reformation, Cincin- 
 nati, 1835. 
 An Exposure of Masonry . . . , 1849. 
 The Autobiography of Elder Matthew Gard- 
 ner . . . , (N. Summerbell, ed.), Dayton, 
 1874. 
 
 GARDNER, ROBERT EDWARD (May 13, 
 1891- ), was born in Columbus, Frank- 
 
 lin County. He attended Columbus public 
 schools and Columbus Art School. After 
 serving 28 years in the U. S. Army, he is 
 now retired and lives in Columbus. An ex- 
 pert on weapons, both ancient and modern, 
 he has published numerous magazine ar- 
 
235 
 
 Garrard 
 
 tides on the subject and several books, e.g., 
 American Arms and Arms Makers, Colum- 
 bus, 1938. WWMW 54 
 
 GAREY, THOMAS ANDREW (July 7. 1830- 
 Aug. 20, 1909), horticulturist, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, but little of 
 his life was spent in Ohio. He lived in 
 Hagerstown, Md.. as a boy, moved to Iowa 
 in 1847, and settled in California in 1852. 
 Here he was a pioneer in the citrus fruit 
 industry, and his book on orange culture 
 was the first on the subject in California. 
 Orange Culture in California . . . , San 
 Francisco, 1882. 
 
 GARFIELD, JAMES ABRAM (Nov. 19, 
 1831-Sept. 19, 1881), soldier, congressman, 
 and twentieth President of the United States, 
 was born in Orange, Cuyahoga County. His 
 father died in 1833, leaving four small 
 children. James worked on the farm, at- 
 tended school in the winter, and worked as 
 a driver and steersman on the Ohio Canal. 
 He studied at Geauga Seminary, 1849, 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (Hiram 
 College), 1851-54, and Williams College, 
 1854-56. While teaching at Hiram, 1856- 
 57, and serving as its president, 1857-59, 
 he read law and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1859. During the Civil War he served as 
 lieutenant colonel of the 42nd O.V.I, and 
 rose to the rank of major general. He re- 
 signed his commission in Dec, 1863, to 
 take his seat in the House of Representa- 
 tives, to which his home district had elected 
 him in 1862. He was re-elected to the 
 House eight times. He served with distinc- 
 tion and took part in every major debate 
 during his tenure. In Jan., 1880, the Ohio 
 legislature elected him to the Senate. In 
 June, however, the Republican National 
 Convention ended a long struggle for the 
 nomination by nominating him for the Pres- 
 idency on the 36th ballot. He was elected 
 in November, and his Senate seat went to 
 John Sherman, whom he had originally 
 supported for the Presidency. On July 2, 
 1881, while in the Baltimore and Potomac 
 station in Washington, D. C, on his way to 
 Williams College, he was shot by Charles 
 J. Guiteau, a disappointed office-seeker. For 
 eleven weeks he lingered between death 
 and life. He died at Elberon, N. J. Not 
 primarily a literary man, Garfield was an 
 effective orator, especially adept at extem- 
 poraneous speaking. His speeches in the 
 House are said to constitute a political his- 
 tory of the period. A taste for florid rhetoric 
 in his early speeches gradually gave way to 
 
 I simplicity and clear-cut statement. Many of 
 his speeches were published as separate 
 
 pamphlets, and many memorial volumes 
 after his tragic death contained selections 
 from his addresses. Only major collections 
 are listed below. The two-volume Life and 
 Letters (1925), edited by Theodore C. 
 Smith, contains selections from his diaries 
 and letters. 
 General Garfield as a Statesman and Orator 
 
 . . . , New York, 1880. 
 James A. Garfield. His Speeches at Home. 
 
 1880, Oneonta, N. Y., 1880. 
 The Works of James Abram Garfield, 
 
 (Burke A. Hinsdale, ed.). 2 vols., Boston, 
 
 1882-83. 
 Garfield-Hinsdale Letters . . . , (Mary L. 
 
 Hinsdale, ed.), Ann Arbor, Mich., 1949. 
 
 GARIS, LILLIAN C. (1873-April 19, 1954), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 She studied in private schools and at Co- 
 lumbia University. She began writing verse 
 for newspapers in 1890 and worked on the 
 Newark, N. J., Evening News, 1895-1900. 
 She was active in the women's suffrage 
 movement and in Girl Scout work; she did 
 relief work during World War I. Her hus- 
 band, Howard R. Garis, was the originator 
 of the Uncle Wiggily stories for children. 
 She wrote many stories for children, e.g., 
 Sally for Short, New York, 1930, and The 
 Hermit of Proud Hill, New York, [1940]. 
 WWW 3 
 
 GARLICK, THEODATUS (March 30, 1805- 
 Dec. 9. 1884), sculptor, surgeon, and scien- 
 tist, was born in Middlebury, Vt. At the 
 age of eleven he walked with an older 
 brother to Erie County, Pa., where he 
 learned blacksmithing. In 1818 he moved 
 to Cleveland and worked as a stonecutter. 
 In 1823 he brought his father and family 
 to Brookfield, Trumbull County, where he 
 worked as a stonecutter and blacksmith in 
 the morning and studied medicine in the 
 afternoon. After graduating from the Uni- 
 versity of Maryland in 1834, he practiced 
 in Youngstown for eighteen years and after- 
 ward in Cleveland. He was renowned as a 
 plastic surgeon. He made medallions and 
 busts of many public figures, was a pioneer 
 photographer, and experimented with fish 
 culture. He wrote technical papers on pisci- 
 culture that were published in pamphlet 
 form. 
 
 A Treatise on the Artificial Propagation of 
 Certain Kinds of Fish . . . , Cleveland, 
 1857. 
 Biography of Ephraim Kirby . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1883. 
 
 GARRARD, LEWIS HECTOR (June 15, 
 1829-July 7, 1887), was born in Cincinnati, 
 
Garretson 
 
 236 
 
 Hamilton County. His baptismal name was 
 Hector Lewis Garrard, but he signed his 
 books Lewis H. In 1846 he made a trip 
 into the West, traveled the Santa Fe Trail, 
 and lived at Bent's Fort for three months. 
 He visited Cheyenne villages with William 
 Bent and also observed the trappers and 
 traders in the area. His account of this 
 experience, Wah-To-Yah, A. B. Guthrie has 
 compared favorably with Parkman's Oregon 
 Trail. In 1858 he moved to a farm in 
 Minnesota, and in 1870 he settled in Lake 
 City, Minn., where he was president of a 
 bank for three years. In 1880 he returned 
 to Cincinnati. Besides the titles below, he 
 edited a memoir of his grandmother. 
 Wah-To-Yah, and the Taos Trail . . . , 
 
 New York, 1850. 
 Chambersburg in the Colony and the Revo- 
 lution . . . , Philadelphia, 1856. 
 
 GARRETSON. ARTHUR SAMUEL (Nov. 7, 
 1851-Feb. 20, 1917), was born in Morgan 
 County. In 1874 he settled in Sioux City, 
 Iowa, where he played a leading role in 
 the industrial development of the commu- 
 nity. He was cashier of the Sioux National 
 Bank, was one of the builders of the Sioux 
 City and Northern Railroad, helped estab- 
 lish the Union Stockyards in Sioux City, 
 and constructed several important buildings. 
 He died at his ranch at Vilas, S. Dak. A 
 prominent Baptist layman, he wrote Primi- 
 tive Christianity and Early Criticisms . . . , 
 Boston, 1912. 
 
 GARRISON, CURTIS W. (June 29. 1901- 
 ), born in Chemung, N. Y., and edu- 
 cated in Richmond, Va., was director of 
 research at Hayes Memorial Library, Fre- 
 mont, 1937—46. He wrote The History of 
 Birchard Library, Fremont, 1941. 
 
 GARRISON, ELISHA ELY (Aug. 16, 1871- 
 March 26, 1935), financier, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, the son of a 
 Presbyterian minister. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1897, studied law at 
 Yale and New York School of Law, and 
 served in the army in 1898 and during 
 World War I. He was an official of several 
 public utility companies in New York 
 City, 1922-27. His death occurred in St. 
 Petersburg, Fla. He published books on ac- 
 counting and economics and Roosevelt, 
 Wilson and the Federal Reserve Law . . . , 
 Boston, [1931]. 
 
 GARST, LAURA DELANY (Mrs. Charles E.) 
 (1861-April 8, 1925), was born in Hope- 
 dale, Harrison County. She was the wife of 
 a Disciples of Christ missionary. After his 
 
 death in Japan in 1898, she settled in Des 
 Moines, Iowa, where she lived until her 
 death. She wrote at least two books based 
 on her experiences in the Far East, e.g., In 
 the Shadow of the Drum Tower, Cincinnati, 
 [1911]. 
 
 GARVEY, MOTHER MARY (Aug. 6, 1845- 
 Nov. 11, 1932), was born in County Cavan, 
 Ireland, but was brought to America in 
 1852. She was educated at the Convent of 
 the Sacred Heart in New York City and 
 Kenwood in Albany, N. Y. She took her 
 first vows as a Roman Catholic nun in 
 1864, after which she taught in Philadel- 
 phia and New York City. In 1889 she came 
 to Cincinnati as Mother Superior of Clifton 
 and Reverend Mother Vicar of the Central 
 Vicariate. In 1898 she was sent to Boston, 
 Mass., and in 1916 she returned to Eden 
 Hall, Philadelphia, where she spent the re- 
 mainder of her life. She published anony- 
 mously a biography of the Mother Superior 
 who supervised her education and inspired 
 her early life: Mary Aloysia Hardey . . . , 
 New York, 1910. 
 
 GARVIN, HUGH CARSON (1842-July 12, 
 1918), educator, was born in Chillicothe. 
 Ross County. He attended Bethany College 
 and Ohio University and also studied in 
 Germany. With two of his brothers he 
 started a college at Wilmington in 1865; 
 when pledges of support were not fulfilled, 
 the school was taken over by the Society 
 of Friends. A clergyman in the Disciples of 
 Christ Church, he served on the faculty of 
 Butler University, 1880-97. He died at 
 Eldon. Mo. He wrote What the Bible 
 Teaches, [St. Louis, Mo., 1908]. 
 
 GARWOOD, IRVING (Nov. 28, 1883-June 
 8, 1957), educator, was born in Ada, 
 Hardin County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Northern University in 1912 and the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1922. He 
 taught in public schools until 1916 and in 
 several colleges. 1916-24. He was a mem- 
 ber of the English faculty. Western Illinois 
 State Teachers College, 1924-46. He pub- 
 lished several textbooks and literary studies, 
 e.g.. American Periodicals from 1850-1860, 
 Macomb, 111., 1931. WWW 3 
 
 GASKILL, JOSEPH W. (March 22. 1843- 
 Aug. 31, 1932), was born in Marlboro, 
 Stark County. He enlisted in the 104th 
 O.V.I, in July, 1862, and was discharged as 
 a corporal in June, 1865. After the war he 
 was a merchant in Iowa until 1874, when 
 he returned to Marlboro to live. He died in 
 Alliance. Besides a booklet on Abraham 
 
237 
 
 Gaul, H. L. A. 
 
 Lincoln (1924), he wrote an account of 
 his Civil War experiences: Footprints 
 through Dixie . . . , Alliance, 1919. 
 
 GASS, SHERLOCK BRONSON (Oct. 17, 
 1878-Aug. 31, 1945), was born in Mans- 
 field, Richland County. After graduating 
 from the University of Chicago he taught 
 for a year at University High School and 
 in 1906 joined the English department at 
 the University of Nebraska. He wrote sev- 
 eral books, e.g., a collection of essays: The 
 Criers of the Shops, Boston, 1925, and a 
 volume describing his family's financial dif- 
 ficulties in Chicago in the early 1890s: Fam- 
 ily Crisis, New York, 1940. WWW 2 
 
 GASTON, JOSEPH (1833-July 20. 1913), 
 lawyer and journalist, was born in Ohio. In 
 1862 he emigrated to Oregon, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life. He practiced 
 law in Jacksonville, edited the Oregon 
 Statesman and other papers, promoted rail- 
 roads, and operated a farm near Gaston. 
 He wrote a history of Oregon and Portland, 
 Oregon, Its History and Builders . . . , 3 
 vols., Chicago, 1911. 
 
 GATCHELL, CHARLES (1851-Jan. 26, 
 1910), physician, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. After graduating from 
 Pulte Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1874, 
 he practiced in Michigan as a homeopathic 
 physician. In 1881 he moved to Chicago, 
 where he practiced and also taught at 
 Hahnemann Medical College. He died in 
 Los Angeles. The second title below was 
 published under the pen name M. E. Dicus, 
 and Haschisch under that of Thorold King. 
 He wrote other fiction and also edited 
 Medical Era, 1883-1903. 
 "Doctor, What Shall I Eat?" . . . , Milwaukee, 
 
 1880. 
 "Bless Thee, Bully Doctor!", New York, 
 
 1883. 
 The Key Notes of Medical Practice, Chi- 
 cago, 1884. 
 The Treatment of Cholera . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1884. 
 Haschisch; A Novel, Chicago, 1886. 
 What a Woman Did, Chicago, 1900. 
 
 GATES, ARNOLD FRANCIS (Sept. 12, 
 1914- ), born in Johnstown, Pa., lived in 
 Ashtabula and Cuyahoga Counties for more 
 than 25 years. He now lives in New York 
 City. He has been a student of Abraham 
 Lincoln's life; his pamphlets on the subject 
 include Amberglow of Abraham Lincoln 
 and Ann Rutledge, West Leisenring, Pa., 
 [1939]. 
 
 GATES, ELMER (1859-Dec. 3, 1923), psy- 
 chologist, was born near Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. He taught at the Pennsyl- 
 vania School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia. 
 An experimental psychologist, he evolved 
 a system of mind-building by systematic 
 means and published a number of works 
 advocating his system, e.g., The Relation 
 and Development of the Mind and Brain, 
 [New York, 1912]. WWW 1 
 
 GATES, ERRETT (March 2, 1870-May, 
 1951), clergyman, was born in Cortland, 
 Trumbull County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Normal University in 1887, Union Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1894, and the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1902. He was 
 a Disciples of Christ minister in Grand 
 Rapids, Mich., and Chicago. He also served 
 as secretary of the Disciples Divinity House, 
 instructor in church history at the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago, and a member of the edi- 
 torial staff of the Christian Century. His 
 writings include The Disciples of Christ, 
 New York, [1905]. 
 
 GATES, JOSEPHINE SCRIBNER (Sept. 12, 
 1859-Aug. 21, 1930), was born in Mt. 
 Vernon, Knox County. She attended the 
 public schools of Toledo. In 1881 she mar- 
 ried Charles H. Gates and spent the re- 
 mainder of her life in Toledo. She wrote 
 at least 25 books for children, e.g., Nan- 
 nette and the Baby Monkey, Boston, 1914. 
 
 GATES, LAWRENCE GIBSON (Aug. 9, 
 1858-Dec. 3, 1939), was born in Tipp 
 City, Miami County, and spent his entire 
 life in that community. He was a rural mail 
 carrier for a number of years. 
 Musings, Troy, 1886. 
 
 GATES, WILLEY FRANCIS (March 18, 
 1865-Dec. 25. 1941), musician, was born 
 in Zanesville, Muskingum County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1888 and later studied music under several 
 instructors. He lived in Los Angeles, 1900- 
 41. He contributed to Etude magazine and 
 wrote musical criticism for the Los Angeles 
 Times. A teacher of voice and piano, he 
 compiled Musical Mosaics and other musi- 
 cal anthologies and wrote a piano textbook. 
 Anecdotes of Great Musicians, Philadelphia, 
 
 1895. 
 Pipe and Strings, Cincinnati, 1895. 
 
 GALL, AVERY. See Harriette L. A. Gaul. 
 
 GAUL, HARRIETTE LESTER AVERY 
 
 (June 25, 1886- ), was born in Youngs- 
 town, Mahoning County. She studied at 
 
Gault 
 
 238 
 
 Hathaway-Brown School, Cleveland, and 
 Smith College. She lived in Painesville, Can- 
 ton, and Cleveland until 1908, when she 
 married Harvey B. Gaul, a composer and 
 organist. She lived in Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
 35 years and now lives in Forest Hills, Long 
 Island, N. Y. She has written song lyrics 
 and stories and articles for various maga- 
 zines. She has also published under the 
 pen name Avery Gaul a suspense novel: 
 Five Nights at the Five Pines, New York, 
 1922. WWNAA 6 
 
 GAULT, FRANKLIN BENJAMIN (May 2, 
 
 1851 -March 16, 1918), educator, was born 
 in Wooster, Wayne County. He graduated 
 from Cornell College, Iowa, in 1877. He 
 served as a school superintendent in Iowa 
 and Colorado, 1877-88, and organized the 
 Tacoma, Wash., school system. He was presi- 
 dent of the University of Idaho, 1892-98, 
 Whitworth College, Tacoma, 1899-1906, 
 and the University of South Dakota, 1906- 
 13. He wrote Should Bible Courses Be 
 Given in State Universities?, [Vermillion, 
 S. Dak., 1907]. WWW 1 
 
 GAUSE, ISAAC (Dec. 9, 1843-April 23, 
 1920), was born in Green Township, Trum- 
 bull County. He served in the 2nd Ohio 
 Volunteer Cavalry from Aug., 1861, until 
 Sept., 1865. After the war he lived in New 
 Mexico and Texas. He died in National 
 Soldiers' Home, Va. In 1916 he was awarded 
 the Medal of Honor for gallantry in cap- 
 turing the colors of the 8th South Carolina 
 Infantry on Sept. 13, 1864. He wrote Four 
 Years with Five Armies . . . , New York, 
 1908. 
 
 GAVIN, FRANK STANTON BURNS (Oct. 
 31, 1890-March 20, 1938), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from the University 
 of Cincinnati in 1912, General Theological 
 Seminary in 1915, and Columbia University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1922. He was ordained an Epis- 
 copal priest in 1915 and served churches 
 in Cincinnati and Boston. He joined the 
 faculty of General Theological Seminary 
 in 1923. He published several books on 
 religious topics, e.g., The Jewish Antecedents 
 of the Christian Sacraments, New York, 
 1928. WWW 1 
 
 GAY, ELINOR. Pseud. See Mary G. Humph- 
 reys. 
 
 GAYLER, CHARLES (April 1, 1820-May 28, 
 1892), author of at least 200 popular plays, 
 spent about thirteen years in Ohio. In 
 1836 he was teaching school and reading 
 law in Dayton. After being admitted to the 
 
 bar, he practiced for a time and campaigned 
 for Henry Clay. After a brief stint as editor 
 of the Cincinnati Evening Dispatch, he 
 turned to acting on the James W. Bates 
 circuit. His first play, The Buckeye Gold 
 Hunters, was produced in Cincinnati in 
 1849, and the next year he moved to New 
 York City, where he lived for the rest of 
 his life. 
 
 GAZE, HARRY (June 13, 1878-Nov. 4, 
 1959), was born near London, England. 
 After coming to the United States in 1898, 
 he lectured on reincarnation and rejuvena- 
 tion. He was leader of the New Thought 
 Temple, Cincinnati, 1909-12, and later lived 
 in Connecticut and California. His writings 
 include How to Live Forever . . . , Chi- 
 cago, [1904]. 
 
 GAZLAY, ALLEN W. See James W. Gazlay. 
 
 GAZLAY, JAMES WILLIAM (July 23, 1784- 
 June 8, 1874), lawyer, was born in New 
 York City. Admitted to the bar in 1809, he 
 moved to Cincinnati in 1813. He practiced 
 law in Cincinnati and served two years as 
 editor of the weekly Western Tiller. The 
 first title below, portions of which may have 
 been written by his son, Allen W. Gazlay, 
 was published under the pen name Captain 
 Broadbeck. His death occurred in Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 Races of Mankind: With Travels in Grub- 
 land, Cincinnati, [1856]. 
 Sketches of Life and Social Relations, with 
 
 Other Poems, Cincinnati, 1860. 
 Political Questions, Cincinnati, 1861. 
 Reconstruction of the Southern States, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1865. 
 Scraps from Laws of New Creation . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1867. 
 
 GEER, JOHN JAMES (June 1, 1833-Aug. 
 23, 1867), clergyman, was born in Rock- 
 bridge County, Va., but grew up in Shelby 
 County. A Methodist minister in Cincinnati, 
 he enlisted in the 48th O.V.I, and was 
 wounded and captured at Shiloh. He was 
 imprisoned in Montgomery, Ala., and Ma- 
 con, Ga. He escaped, was recaptured, and 
 later was exchanged. After the war he 
 served as a pastor in Springfield, where 
 he died as the result of his war injuries. 
 Beyond the Lines: Or, a Yankee Prisoner 
 Loose in Dixie, Philadelphia, 1863. 
 
 GEER, NEY N. (July 26, 1895- ), was 
 born in Ashtabula, Jefferson County. He 
 lived for a number of years at Grant's Pass, 
 Oreg. He wrote several Western novels, e.g., 
 Smoke beyond the Rim, [New York, 1939]. 
 
239 
 
 Genin, T. H. 
 
 GEER, WILLIAM CHAUNCEY (June 17, 
 1876- ), chemist, was born in Ogdens- 
 burg, N. Y. He graduated from Cornell 
 University (A.B., 1902; Ph.D., 1905). He 
 lived in Akron from 1907 to 1925 while 
 associated with B. F. Goodrich. Upon re- 
 tiring, he moved to Ithaca, N. Y. He has 
 published several scientific works and The 
 Reign of Rubber, New York, 1922. WW 26 
 
 GEHRING, ALRERT (March 21, 1870-Feb. 
 25, 1926), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He graduated from Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1894. He was a lecturer at the 
 College for Women, Cleveland, and a mem- 
 ber of the Cleveland School Council. 
 Gedichte, Cleveland, 1899. 
 Racial Contrasts; Distinguishing Traits of 
 
 the Graeco-Latins and Teutons, New York, 
 
 1908. 
 The Basis of Musical Pleasure . . . , New 
 
 York, 1910. 
 Mozart, New York, 1911. 
 The Appreciation of Music, Cleveland, 
 
 [1913]. 
 The Religion of Thirty Great Thinkers . . . , 
 
 Boston, [1925]. 
 
 GEHRING, JOHN GEORGE (July 4, 1857- 
 Sept. 1, 1932), physician, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. After grad- 
 uating from Western Reserve University 
 School of Medicine in 1885, he began to 
 practice in Cleveland. In 1895 he moved to 
 Bethel, Maine, and specialized in functional 
 nervous diseases. He was also president of 
 Gould's Academy, Bethel. His writings in- 
 clude The Hope of the Variant, New York, 
 1923. WWW 1 
 
 GEHRING, MABEL GREY (Mrs. Carl W.) 
 (March 14, 1882- ), was born in Glas- 
 gow, Scotland, but has lived in Ohio since 
 1908. She was educated at a private school 
 in Paisley, Scotland, and at Scottish 
 Athaneum College. She has lived in Cleve- 
 land and Lakewood and is now living in 
 Sandusky. An honorary member of Com- 
 posers, Authors, and Artists of America, she 
 has written many articles on antiques and 
 other subjects for the Christian Science 
 Monitor. A series of articles on Scottish Is- 
 lands became the basis of her book On a 
 Scottish Island, Cleveland, [1949]. 
 
 GEIGER, GEORGE RAYMOND (May 8, 
 1903- ), educator, born in New York City, 
 has been in the philosophy department, 
 Antioch College, since 1937. He has pub- 
 lished several books on social and philo- 
 sophical questions, e.g., The Theory of the 
 Land Question, New York, 1936. WW 30 
 
 GEISER, KARL FREDERICK (June 18, 
 1869-April 1, 1951), educator, was born 
 in Fairbank, Iowa. He graduated from Up- 
 per Iowa University in 1893 and Yale Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1900. In 1908 he joined 
 the Oberlin College faculty. His books in- 
 clude Democracy versus Autocracy . . . , 
 Boston, [1918]. WWW 3 
 
 GEISSINGER, JAMES ALLEN (Oct. 14, 
 
 1873-Oct. 21, 1935), clergyman, was born 
 in Burbank, Wayne County. He attended Ohio 
 Wesleyan University and Capital University 
 and graduated from Ohio State University 
 in 1895. He was ordained to the Methodist 
 ministry in 1895 and served as pastor of 
 churches in Ohio, Texas, Arizona, and 
 California. His writings include The De- 
 mocracy of Methodism, New York, [1920]. 
 WWW1 
 
 GEIST, EDNA EVELYN (Feb. 8, 1878-July 
 13, 1953), educator, was born in South 
 Webster, Scioto County. She attended Ohio 
 University and Ohio Northern University 
 and graduated from Oskaloosa State Col- 
 lege, Iowa. She taught in the New Boston 
 schools for 25 years. She published a col- 
 lection of verse: Hearthstone, New York, 
 [1947]. 
 
 GENIN, SYLVESTER (Jan. 22, 1822-April 
 4, 1850), artist and poet, was born in St. 
 Clairsville, Belmont County. He received 
 his education from his father, Thomas H. 
 Genin (q.v.), who wished to relieve him 
 of the boredom of school attendance. The 
 boy began early to copy pictures and was 
 ambitious to become an artist. In 1840-41 
 he toured the East to learn "what were the 
 prospects of artists." On his return to St. 
 Clairsville he began the study of law. His 
 paintings were chiefly of Biblical and his- 
 torical subjects. He died in Jamaica, where 
 he had gone in the hope of recovering from 
 tuberculosis. His father published a post- 
 humous collection of his prose pieces, poems, 
 and engravings. 
 
 Selections from the Works of the Late Syl- 
 vester Genin, Esq., in Poetry, Prose, and 
 Historical Design, New York, 1855. 
 
 GENIN, THOMAS HEDGES (March 23, 
 1796-Oct. 18, 1868), abolitionist, lawyer, 
 and poet, was born in Suffolk County, 
 Long Island, N. Y. Orphaned at the age 
 of fourteen, he lived for a time with Wil- 
 liam Woodhull, an uncle, who was a grad- 
 uate of Princeton University. He studied 
 with his uncle and then read law in a 
 New York office. Here he became acquainted 
 with DeWitt Clinton. In 1815 Genin wrote 
 
George 
 
 240 
 
 The Napolead, an epic in blank verse, cover- 
 ing Napoleon's career from the Russian 
 campaign until his departure for Elba. Ex- 
 tracts were published in New York news- 
 papers, but the entire work remained un- 
 published until 1833. In 1816 he was ad- 
 mitted to the New York bar. In 1817 he 
 married Ann Hillard of Randolph, N. J., 
 and migrated to St. Clairsville, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life. He lived on 
 a farm near the town, practiced law, and 
 served for 26 years as master commissioner 
 in chancery. From his arrival in Ohio he 
 was associated with Benjamin Lundy (q.v.) 
 in the Union Humane Society, a pioneer 
 abolition group. He spoke and wrote against 
 slavery. His incidental writings also ad- 
 vocated a protective tariff and opposed 
 Jackson's bank policy. 
 
 The Napolead, in Twelve Books, St. Clairs- 
 ville, 1833. 
 Selections from the Writings of the Late 
 Thomas Hedges Genin . . . , New York, 
 1869. 
 
 GEORGE, ANDREW McINTYRE (1857- 
 Sept. 22, 1927), was born in Cedarville, 
 Greene County. He graduated from Geneva 
 College in 1888. His death occurred in 
 Cedarville. He published a collection of 
 verse: A Leaf of Song, [Urbana], 1902. 
 
 GERARD, CLINTON W. (c.l842-Sept. 25, 
 1894), lawyer, was born in Newtown, 
 Hamilton County. He served as a sergeant 
 in the 83rd O.V.I, from Aug., 1862, to 
 July, 1865. After the war, he was admitted 
 to the bar and practiced law. He died in 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 A Diary. The Eighty-third Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry in the War, 1862-1865, [Cin- 
 cinnati, 1889]. 
 
 GERHART, EMANUEL VOGEL (June 13, 
 1817-May 6. 1904), theologian, was in 
 Ohio from 1849 to 1854. He was first sent 
 as pastor of the First Reformed Church in 
 Cincinnati; in 1851 he was named president 
 of the newly opened seminary at Heidelberg 
 College. He left in 1854 to become presi- 
 dent of Franklin and Marshall College. He 
 was a frequent contributor to religious 
 periodicals and wrote several theological 
 works, e.g., Prolegomena to Christian Dog- 
 matics, Lancaster, Pa., 1891. 
 
 GERIG, ORIE BENJAMIN (Jan. 18, 1894- 
 ), State Department official, was born 
 in Smithville, Wayne County. He gradu- 
 ated from Goshen College in 1917 and the 
 University of Geneva, Switzerland, (D.Sc.) 
 in 1929. He has taught in several universi- 
 
 ties, was on the staff of the League of 
 Nations, 1930-40, and since 1942 has been 
 a member of the Department of State. He 
 has written The Open Door and the Man- 
 dates System . . . , London, [1930]. WW 30 
 
 GERMAIN, WILLIAM McKEE (Jan. 16, 
 1892- ), physician and educator, was 
 born in Pittsburgh, Pa., and lived in Cin- 
 cinnati, 1941-57. He was on the faculty of 
 the University of Cincinnati Medical School 
 and was pathologist of Good Samaritan 
 Hospital. He now lives in Florida and is 
 on the faculty of the University of Miami 
 Medical School. His writings include Doc- 
 tors Anonymous . . . , New York, [1941]. 
 
 GERWIG, GEORGE WILLIAM (Jan. 18, 
 1867-Nov. 11, 1950), writer on educational, 
 literary, and religious topics, was born in 
 Paris, Stark County. He graduated from the 
 University of Nebraska in 1889 and the 
 University of Pittsburgh (Ph.D.) in 1904. 
 From 1892 to 1929 he was secretary of the 
 board of education in Allegheny, Pa., and 
 later in Pittsburgh. He wrote most of his 
 numerous books for children, e.g., Wash- 
 ington. The Young Leader, New York, 
 [1923]. WWW 3 
 
 G.E.X. Pseud. See Lydia E. H. F. Painter. 
 
 GIBSON, KATHERINE. See Katherine Gib- 
 son Wicks. 
 
 GIDDINGS, JOSHUA REED (Oct. 6, 1795- 
 May 27, 1864), militant abolitionist and 
 congressman, was born in Bradford County, 
 Pa. The family moved to Canandaigua, 
 N. Y., when he was a baby and to Ashta- 
 bula County when he was ten years old. 
 He grew up on his father's farm with only 
 intermittent opportunities for schooling. 
 After reading law at Canfield with Elisha 
 Whittlesey, he was admitted to the Ohio 
 bar in 1821 and practiced in Jefferson 
 until 1838, when he was elected to the 
 House of Representatives. Here he served 
 for twenty years, vigorously opposing every 
 measure that seemed to favor slavery and 
 urging free debate on the question. He is 
 thought to have written much of the first 
 Republican platform in 1856. He cam- 
 paigned for Lincoln in 1860 and was ap- 
 pointed consul general in Canada after the 
 election. He died at Montreal and is buried 
 in Jefferson. Many of his speeches and letters 
 were printed separately as ammunition in 
 his never-ending battle against slaveholding. 
 The first title below consists of articles 
 first published in the Western Reserve 
 Chronicle under the pen name Pacificus. 
 
241 
 
 Gilchrist, R. L. 
 
 The Rights and Privileges of the Several 
 States in Regard to Slavery . . . , [War- 
 ren?, 1843?]. 
 
 Speeches in Congress, 1841-1852, Boston, 
 1853. 
 
 The Exiles of Florida . . . , Columbus, 
 1858. 
 
 History of the Rebellion: Its Authors and 
 Causes, New York, 1864. 
 
 GIDDINGS, LUTHER (c.1823-?), was a 
 lawyer in Dayton in the 1840s. He joined 
 the 1st Ohio Volunteers as a captain in 
 May, 1846, and was discharged as a major 
 in New Orleans in June of the following 
 year. He was still living in Dayton in 1850, 
 when he applied for a land warrant, but he 
 left the city and no further details have 
 been found. His book appeared anonymously. 
 Sketches of the Campaign in Northern 
 Mexico . . . , New York, 1853. 
 
 GIESY, JOHN ULRICH (Aug. 6, 1877-Sept. 
 8, 1947), physician, was bom in Chillicothe, 
 Ross County. After graduating from Star- 
 ling Medical College, Columbus, 1898, he 
 practiced at Salt Lake City, Utah. He served 
 in the Medical Corps of the U. S. Army 
 in 1918. He contributed fiction and detec- 
 tive stories to magazines and science articles 
 to medical journals. He also wrote several 
 novels, e.g., The Valley of Suspicion, New 
 York, 1927, and under the pen name 
 Charles Dustin, several Western novels, 
 e.g., Bronco Men, New York, [1940]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 GIESY, SAMUEL HENSEL (Aug. 26, 1826- 
 May 27, 1888), clergyman, was born in 
 Lancaster, Fairfield County. After attend- 
 ing Marshall College and Seminary, he was 
 ordained in 1849 as a minister of the 
 Evangelical and Reformed Church. He 
 served pastorates in Hagerstown, Md., and 
 Philadelphia. He became an Episcopalian 
 in 1870 and was ordained to the priesthood 
 in 1873, after which he was rector of a 
 church in Norwich, Conn. He died in 
 Washington, D. C. Besides the title below, 
 he published a number of sermons. 
 The I AMs of Christ . . . , New York, 
 [1884]. 
 
 GIFFEN, JOHN KELLY (June 3, 1853-April 
 6, 1932), clergyman, was born in St. Clairs- 
 ville, Belmont County. He graduated from 
 Franklin College in 1879 and Presbyterian 
 Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa., in 
 1881. In 1881 he was ordained to the 
 Presbyterian ministry and was sent as a 
 missionary to Africa. He wrote The Egyp- 
 tian Sudan, New York, [1905]. WWW 1 
 
 GIFFORD, FANNIE STEARNS DAVIS 
 
 (March 6, 1884- ), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. She graduated from 
 Smith College in 1904 and taught English 
 for a time in Kenosha, Wis. Following her 
 marriage to Augustus M. GifFord in 1914, 
 she lived in Pittsfield, Mass. Her poems ap- 
 peared in national magazines, and she pub- 
 lished several collections, e.g., Myself and 
 I, New York, 1913. WW 16 
 
 GILBERT, AMOS (?-?), was a prominent 
 schoolteacher in Lancaster, Pa., where in 
 June, 1833, he began publishing an educa- 
 tional monthly called the Inciter. The maga- 
 zine was discontinued in May, 1834, be- 
 cause of want of patronage, and Gilbert 
 moved with his printing press to Salem, 
 Columbiana County. There he is said to 
 have continued publishing the Inciter for 
 a while, but no copies have survived. He 
 taught school in Salem, 1834-36, special- 
 izing in natural philosophy. Unsuccessful 
 in an attempt to introduce the Pestalozzian 
 system, he dropped from sight before 1840. 
 However, W. T. Coggeshall (q.v.), who re- 
 viewed Gilbert's Memoir of Frances Wright 
 in the Genius of the West, Nov., 1855, 
 stated that Gilbert was still a resident of 
 Columbiana County. 
 
 Memoir of Frances Wright, the Pioneer 
 Woman in the Cause of Human Rights, 
 Cincinnati, 1855. 
 
 GILBERT, LEVI (Aug. 23, 1852-Dec. 24, 
 1917), clergyman, was born in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. He graduated from Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity in 1874, studied at Drew Theological 
 Seminary, and was ordained to the Method- 
 ist ministry in 1878. He graduated from 
 Drew Theological Seminary in 1902. He 
 served as a Methodist minister in Minnesota, 
 Washington, Ohio, and Connecticut. He 
 also edited the Western Christian Advocate. 
 He published poetry and prose in various 
 periodicals and also wrote several books, 
 e.g.. Visions of the Christ, Cincinnati, 
 [1903]. WWW 1 
 
 GILCHRIST, MARIE EMILIE (Jan. 4, 
 1893- ), was born in Vermilion, Erie 
 County. She graduated from Smith College 
 in 1916, worked in the Cleveland Public 
 Library, and was an associate editor of the 
 Reader's Digest, 1934-52. She has pub- 
 lished several books for children and a 
 collection of poems: Wide Pastures, New 
 York, 1926. BDCP 
 
 GILCHRIST, ROSETTA LUCE (April 11, 
 1851-Feb. 19, 1921), physician, was born 
 in Kingsville, Ashtabula County. She at- 
 
Giles 
 
 242 
 
 tended Kingsville Academy, Oberlin Col- 
 lege, and Homeopathic Hospital College 
 in Cleveland. In 1890 she began the prac- 
 tice of medicine in Ashtabula. She was ac- 
 tive in the women's suffrage movement. Be- 
 sides her published books, she wrote articles 
 and stories. 
 Apples of Sodom; A Story of Mormon Life, 
 
 Cleveland, 1883. 
 Tibby, a Novel Dealing with Psychic Forces 
 
 and Telepathy, New York, 1904. 
 
 GILES, CHAUNCEY (May 11, 1813-Nov. 6, 
 1893), Swedenborgian clergyman, was 
 reared in New England. He was teaching in 
 Pomeroy in 1853 when he determined to 
 become a minister. From 1853 to 1864 he 
 was pastor of the Church of the New 
 Jerusalem in Cincinnati. He published nu- 
 merous lectures and religious books, stories 
 for children, e.g.. The Magic Spectacles, 
 New York, 1868, and many magazine 
 articles. After leaving Ohio, he lived in 
 New York City and Philadelphia. 
 
 GILL, JOSEPHINE PAULINE ECKERT 
 
 (Dec. 22, 1921- ), was born in Nurem- 
 berg, Germany, but was brought to America 
 when she was two months old. She attended 
 the schools of Ottawa, Putnam County, and 
 graduated from the University of Michigan 
 in 1943. She taught in Michigan schools 
 until her marriage to William J. Gill in 
 1948. She has published two novels, the 
 first of them under her maiden name, 
 Josephine P. Eckert: The Practicing of 
 Christopher, New York, 1947. 
 
 GILL, WILSON LINDSLEY (Sept. 12, 1851- 
 Sept. 12, 1941). educator, was born in 
 Columbus, Franklin County. A lawyer and 
 an industrialist, he turned his interest to 
 education in the 1890s and developed the 
 idea of a school as a miniature republic to 
 train children in democracy. At various 
 times he applied his theories to the schools 
 of New York City, Cuba, Indian reserva- 
 tions, Washington, D. C, and Madison, 
 Wis. He wrote many books, pamphlets, and 
 articles on his theories, e.g.. The School 
 City, Philadelphia, 1903. WWW 1 
 
 GILLESPIE, SAMUEL LOVEJOY (Jan. 12, 
 1838-March 10, 1909), clergyman, was 
 born near Washington Court House, Fayette 
 County. He enlisted in Company A, 1st 
 Ohio Cavalry, Aug. 6, 1861, and served 
 three years, during which time he was for 
 a short while an inmate of Libby Prison. 
 He later graduated from Princeton Theo- 
 logical Seminary, served as a missionary in 
 West Africa, and was a Presbyterian min- 
 
 ister in several states until his death in Los 
 Angeles. His regimental history was pub- 
 lished under the pen name Lovejoy. 
 A History of Co. A, First Ohio Cavalry, 
 
 1861-1865. A Memorial Volume . . . , 
 
 Washington C. H., 1898. 
 
 GILLIAM, CHARLES FREDERICK (1853- 
 1915), physician, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. He was superintendent 
 of the State Hospital, Columbus, at the 
 time of his death in an automobile accident. 
 Love and Medicine. A Novel, Washington, 
 
 D. C, 1886. 
 A Victorious Defeat; The Story of a Fran- 
 chise, Boston, [1906]. 
 
 GILLIAM, DAVIS TOD (April 3, 1844-Oct. 
 2, 1923), surgeon and educator, was born 
 in Hebron, Licking County. He served with 
 West Virginia cavalry during the Civil War, 
 was wounded and captured, but escaped to 
 Ohio. In 1863 he was discharged for medical 
 reasons. He later enrolled in the Medical 
 College of Ohio and graduated in 1871. 
 He practiced in Nelsonville, 1871-77; he 
 then became pathologist at Columbus Medi- 
 cal College. In 1879 he was made professor 
 of physiology at Starling Medical College. 
 In his practice and his teaching, he came 
 to concentrate on gynecology and obstetrics. 
 He wrote a number of articles on medical 
 subjects. His Civil War novel, The Rose 
 Croix, is signed David T. Gilliam. 
 The Essentials of Pathology, Philadelphia, 
 
 1883. 
 A Text-book of Practical Gynecology . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, 1903. 
 The Rose Croix, New York, [1906]. 
 Dick Devereux; A Story of the Civil War, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1915. 
 
 GILLILAN, JAMES DAVID (May 19, 1858- 
 Feb. 27, 1935), clergyman, brother of Strick- 
 land Gillilan (q.v. ), was born in Jackson 
 County. He was a Methodist minister in the 
 West for 45 years, fifteen of them as a mis- 
 sionary in Utah. He published articles in var- 
 ious newspapers and magazines, sometimes 
 using the pen name Dr. Scholae. He also pub- 
 lished a life of Thomas C. Iliff and Trail 
 Tales, New York, [1915]. 
 
 GILLILAN, STRICKLAND (1869-April 25, 
 1954), was born in Jackson County. After at- 
 tending Ohio University, he worked on the 
 Jackson Herald, 1887, the Athens Herald, 
 1888-92, and other newspapers in Richmond, 
 Ind., Marion, Ind., Los Angeles, and Balti- 
 more. In 1905 he gave up journalism for 
 free-lance writing and lecturing. Although 
 
243 
 
 Gilmore, W. E. 
 
 he published much, he is best remembered 
 for his poem about an Irish railroad man's 
 report of an accident: "Flannigan: Off agin, 
 on agin, gone agin. Finnigin." The poem, 
 written in Richmond on a day when news 
 was scarce, was reprinted and quoted for 
 many years. 
 McKinlex and Hobart Campaign Glees, 
 
 [Richmond, Ind., 1896]. 
 Including Finnigan; A Book of Gillilan Verse, 
 
 Philadelphia, [1908]. 
 Including You and Me, Chicago, 1916. 
 Sunshine and Awkwardness, Chicago, 1918. 
 A Sample Case of Humor, Chicago, 1919. 
 Laugh It Off, Including Songs of Sanity, 
 
 Chicago, 1924. 
 Danny and Fanny, the Laurel Cliff Twins, 
 
 New York, [1928]. 
 Danny and Fanny and Spot, the Fox Terrior 
 
 Hero, Chicago, 1939. 
 Gillilan, Finnigan & Co.; Waif Gems Selected 
 
 from the Writings . . . , (Homer Rode- 
 
 heaver, comp.), Chicago, [1941]. 
 
 GILLILAND, THADDEUS STEPHENS (Oct. 
 27, 1834-Dec. 30, 1909), was born in Adams 
 County, Pa., but his parents moved to a farm 
 in Van Wert County shortly after his birth. 
 He served as a captain in the 15th O.V.I. 
 from Sept., 1861, to April, 1862. He con- 
 tracted typhoid fever while in the army and 
 was discharged as a result of the aftereffects. 
 He later conducted a grain and produce busi- 
 ness in Van Wert. He prepared a historical 
 work: History of Van Wert County . . . , 
 Chicago 1906. 
 
 GILLMORE, QUINCY ADAMS (Feb. 28, 
 1825-April 7, 1888), soldier, was born at 
 Black River, Lorain County. He grew up on 
 his father's farm and attended Norwalk Aca- 
 demy and Elyria High School. Appointed to 
 the U. S. Military Academy, he graduated at 
 the head of the class of 1849. He served with 
 the engineers in various capacities. He was 
 chief engineer of the Port Royal expedition 
 and directed the artillery fire that destroyed 
 Fort Pulaski, which had been considered im- 
 pregnable. He rose to major general of volun- 
 teers and to colonel in the regular army. He 
 served on various commissions and engineer- 
 ing boards and wrote numerous technical 
 books and reports, many of them published 
 by the Government Printing Office. 
 Practical Treatise on Limes, Hydraulic Ce- 
 ments and Mortars .... New York, 1863. 
 Engineer and Artillery Operation against 
 the Defences of Charleston Harbor in 
 1863 . . . , New York, 1865. 
 A Practical Treatise on Roads, Streets, and 
 
 Pavements, New York, 1876. 
 Galveston, New York, 1879. 
 
 GILMAN, CHANDLER ROBBINS (Sept. 6, 
 1802-Sept. 26, 1865), physician, was born in 
 Marietta, Washington County. His father 
 moved to Philadelphia, where Chandler at- 
 tended the University of Pennsylvania and 
 graduated in medicine in 1824. He spent his 
 entire professional life in New York City, 
 practicing and teaching medicine. From 1835 
 to 1837 he assisted his relative Charles Fenno 
 Hoffman in editing the American Monthly 
 Magazine. Gilman published many medical 
 articles and lectures. The two books on the 
 West were published anonymously and have 
 been at various times attributed to Margaret 
 Fuller, Charles Lanman, and Thomas Bangs 
 Thorpe; but the Library of Congress and 
 most other authorities recognize Gilman's 
 authorship. He also wrote a biographical 
 sketch of Dr. J. B. Beck. He died in Middle- 
 town, Conn. 
 Legends of a Log Cabin, by a Western Man, 
 
 New York, 1835. 
 Life on the Lakes . . . , 2 vols., New York, 
 1836. 
 
 GILMAN, NICHOLAS PAINE (Dec. 21, 
 1849-Jan. 23, 1912), was born in Quincy, 111. 
 A Unitarian minister and educator, he was 
 on the faculty of Antioch College, 1875-78. 
 He published a number of books, e.g., Social- 
 ism and the American Spirit, Boston, 1893. 
 
 GILMORE, ELSIE L. (Dec. 28, 1869-May 
 24, 1956), was born in Toledo, Lucas County, 
 and spent her life in that city. She published 
 stories for children in various magazines and 
 a volume of verse: Our Flag, and Other 
 Verse, [Toledo], 1918. 
 
 GILMORE, FLORENCE (Feb., 1880-Sept. 
 13, 1945), was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. She was educated at Sacred Heart 
 convents in Omaha, Neb., and St. Louis, Mo. 
 For many years she was on the staff of the 
 Catholic Columbian, published in Columbus; 
 and her death occurred in that city. She pub- 
 lished numerous stories and articles in the 
 Columbian and other Catholic magazines and 
 also wrote three novels, e.g., The Parting of 
 the Ways, St. Louis, Mo., 1914. 
 
 GILMORE, WILLIAM EDWARD (Nov. 3, 
 1824-Jan. 7, 1908), lawyer, was born in 
 Chillicothe, Ross County. After attending 
 Ohio University, 1838-43, he began to study 
 law. He graduated from Lane Theological 
 Seminary in 1846, but again turned to law 
 and graduated from Cincinnati Law School 
 in 1848. He was a student of literature and 
 had a large fund of general information. He 
 contributed many poems and historical and 
 political sketches to various magazines and 
 newspapers. After a torrid legal and political 
 
Gilson 
 
 244 
 
 career in Missouri, 1866-73, he returned to 
 Chillicothe, where he lived until his death. 
 Life of Edward Tiffin, First Governor of 
 Ohio, Chillicothe, 1898. 
 
 GILSON, JOHN H. (1841-March 27, 1916), 
 was born in Washington Township, Colum- 
 biana County. He served as a private in the 
 126th O.V.I., Aug., 1862-June, 1865. He 
 afterward operated a farm in Columbiana 
 County. 
 
 Concise History of the One Hundred and 
 Twenty-Sixth Regiment . . . , Salem, 1883. 
 
 GINGER JAR. Pseud. See Everard J. Apple- 
 ton. 
 
 GIORG, KARA. Pseud. See Gustavus Briihl. 
 
 GITTINGS, ELLA PAMELA BEECHER 
 
 (Feb. 18, 1852-Dec. 11, 1935), was born in 
 Oberlin, Lorain County. She attended the 
 preparatory department of Oberlin College 
 and also attended school in Iowa. She was a 
 poet and a writer of stories. 
 Margery's Vacation, Boston, [1891]. 
 
 GIVEN, WELKER (May 17, 1853-March 6, 
 1938), journalist, was born in Millersburg, 
 Holmes County. In 1868 he moved to Des 
 Moines, Iowa, and most of his life was spent 
 in that state. After attending Columbian Uni- 
 versity, Washington, D. C, he worked on the 
 Iowa City Republican, the Des Moines Reg- 
 ister, and other newspapers. He was also 
 editor and publisher of the Marshalltown, 
 Iowa, Times-Republican. He held various 
 political appointments: he was secretary to 
 Governor Sherman of Iowa, a translator in 
 the U. S. Treasury, commissioner of settle- 
 ments in the Philadelphia Mint, and secretary 
 of the Iowa Employers Liability Commission. 
 He spent the last 21 years of his life in 
 Clinton, Iowa. 
 
 The Tariff Riddle . . . , Philadelphia, 1892. 
 A Further Study of the Othello . . . , New 
 
 York, [1899]. 
 A Pagan's Christian Hymn, [Clinton, Iowa], 
 
 1916. 
 A Luxemburg Idyll in Early Iowa, [Clinton, 
 
 Iowa, 1922]. 
 The Light of the Sierra, Boston, [1928]. 
 
 GLADDEN, WASHINGTON (Feb. 11, 1836- 
 July 2, 1918), prophet of Applied Christianity 
 and the Social Gospel, was born in Potts- 
 grove, Pa., the son of a New England school- 
 master and a New York farmer's daughter. 
 Following the death of his father when Wash- 
 ington Gladden was six, he was reared by an 
 uncle on a farm in Tioga County, N. Y. He 
 attended the district school and helped with 
 the work of the farm. At the age of sixteen 
 
 he was apprenticed to a village newspaper 
 editor and for four years worked at all the 
 jobs found in the printshop. While working 
 for the newspaper, Washington Gladden fell 
 under the influence of a young Congrega- 
 tional minister who pointed out to him the 
 road toward a life of service in the church. 
 A year's intensive work in the local academy 
 prepared Gladden to enter the sophomore 
 class at Williams College, from which he 
 graduated in 1859. In the spring of 1860, 
 following a few months of schoolteaching, 
 Gladden spent six weeks preaching at a re- 
 vival meeting at Le Raysville, Pa. This ex- 
 perience convinced him that the ministry was 
 to be his life's work. His first charge was 
 in Brooklyn, N. Y., but he soon moved to 
 Morrisania, now part of the Bronx, New 
 York City. In 1866 Gladden went to North 
 Adams, Mass., only to leave in 1871 to be- 
 come religious editor of the Independent, an 
 interdenominational religious journal pub- 
 lished in New York City. He resigned this 
 position because of a disagreement over busi- 
 ness ethics and became pastor of the North 
 Church, Springfield, Mass., in 1875. At 
 Christmastime, 1882, Gladden became pas- 
 tor of the First Congregational Church, 
 Columbus. After 32 years he retired, con- 
 tinuing to live in Columbus till his death. 
 Washington Gladden made his reputation in 
 large measure by contributing to the pop- 
 ular journals of the day. In college he was 
 Williamstown correspondent for the Spring- 
 field Republican and thus came to know the 
 assistant editor, Josiah Holland. When Hol- 
 land began to edit Scribner's Monthly (later 
 Century), Gladden became a trusted writer, 
 and between 1870 and 1895 almost every 
 issue contained something from his pen. 
 Around the turn of the century the Outlook 
 frequently called upon Gladden for con- 
 tributions. Naturally Gladden contributed to 
 the religious press of the day. For many 
 years in the 1860s and 1870s the Inde- 
 pendent published his writings, to be suc- 
 ceeded by Bibliotheca Sacra and the An- 
 dover Review. The Congregationalism the 
 Alliance, and the Christian Union all re- 
 ceived frequent articles from the busy pen 
 of Washington Gladden. Between 1878 and 
 1881 Gladden edited Sunday Afternoon, a 
 magazine published in Springfield, Mass., 
 designed to provide inspirational family 
 reading for the long Sabbath afternoons. 
 Washington Gladden's publications in the 
 periodical press coupled with his sermons 
 and lectures, often published in book and 
 pamphlet form, placed before the public the 
 ideas of a mediating teacher who was con- 
 stantly trying to make religion compre- 
 hensible to a people shaken by the advances 
 
245 
 
 Gladwin 
 
 of the Industrial Revolution and the result- 
 ing rising influence of science and secular- 
 ism. Gladden taught a religion which was of 
 a loving, helpful nature, aware of the social 
 injustices abroad in the land and willing to 
 reach out a helpful hand so that the King- 
 dom of God might come to earth. 
 
 David W. Lattimer 
 Songs of William, New York, 1859. 
 Amusements: Their Uses and Their Abuses, 
 
 North Adams, Mass., 1866. 
 Plain Thoughts on the Art of Living . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1868. 
 From the Hub to the Hudson . . . , Boston, 
 
 1869. 
 Being a Christian: What It Means and How 
 
 to Begin, Boston, 1876. 
 Working People and Their Employers, 
 
 Boston, 1876. 
 The Christian Way: Whither It Leads and 
 
 How to Go On, New York, 1877. 
 Was Bronson Alcott's School a Type of 
 
 God's Moral Government? . . . , Boston, 
 
 1877. 
 Things Old and New in Discourses of Chris- 
 tian Truth and Life, Columbus, 1883. 
 Young Men and the Churches . . . , Boston, 
 
 1885. 
 Applied Christianity . . . , New York, 1886. 
 Parish Problems . . . , New York, 1887. 
 Burning Questions of the Life That Now Is 
 
 and of That Which Is to Come, New 
 
 York, 1890. 
 Santa Claus on a Lark and Other Christmas 
 
 Stories, New York, 1890. 
 Who Wrote the Bible? . . . , New York, 1891. 
 Tools and the Man . . . , New York, 1893. 
 The Church and the Kingdom, New York, 
 
 1894. 
 Francis Charles Sessions, Columbus, 1895. 
 Ruling Ideas of the Present Age, New York, 
 
 1895. 
 The Relations of Capital and Labor, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1896. 
 The Relations of Art and Morality, New 
 
 York, 1897. 
 Seven Puzzling Bible Books . . . , New 
 
 York, 1897. 
 Social Facts and Forces . . . , New York, 
 
 1897. 
 The Christian Pastor and the Working 
 
 Church, New York, 1898. 
 England and America . . . , Columbus, 
 
 1898. 
 Our Nation and Her Neighbors, Columbus, 
 
 1898. 
 How Much Is Left of the Old Doctrines? 
 
 . . . , New York, 1899. 
 Straight Shots at Young People . . . , New 
 
 York, 1900. 
 Practice of Immorality, Columbus, 1901. 
 Victoria, Columbus, 1901. 
 
 Social Salvation, New York, 1902. 
 Witnesses of the Light . . . , New York, 
 
 1903. 
 Where Does the Sky Begin?, New York, 
 
 1904. 
 Christianity and Socialism, Cincinnati, 
 
 1905. 
 The New Idolatry and Other Discussions, 
 
 New York, 1905. 
 The Church and Modern Life, New York, 
 
 1908. 
 Recollections, New York, 1909. 
 Fifty Years in the Ministry, Columbus, 
 
 1910. 
 The Labor Question, New York, [1911]. 
 The School of Life, New York, [1911]. 
 Ultima Veritas and Other Verses, Boston, 
 
 [1912]. 
 Present-day Theology, Columbus, [1913]. 
 Federation for Service, Philadelphia, [1914]. 
 Live and Learn, New York, 1914. 
 A Plea for Pacifism, Columbus, 1915. 
 The Forks of the Road, New York, 1916. 
 The Life Unfailing, Columbus, 1916. 
 // / Were a Boy; If I Were a Girl, Colum- 
 bus, 1917. 
 Religion after the War, [Columbus?, 1917?]. 
 Calendar Verses, Columbus, 1918. 
 The Interpreter, Chicago, 1918. 
 The Followers of the Star, [n.p., n.d.]. 
 The Negro's Southern Neighbors and His 
 
 Northern Friends, New York, [n.d.]. 
 Our First Love. Have We Lost It?, Boston, 
 
 [n.d.]. 
 The Perfect Law of Charity, [n.p., n.d.]. 
 The Shepherd's Story, Columbus, [n.d.]. 
 
 GLADDING, EFFIE PRICE (1865-1947), 
 was born in Bellefontaine, Logan County. 
 In 1S89 she graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University, where she later served as dean 
 of women. She was associated for many 
 years with the Y.W.C.A. and lectured widely 
 on its work. She died in Easton, Md. She 
 wrote Across the Continent by the Lincoln 
 Highway, New York, 1915. 
 
 GLADWIN, MARY ELIZABETH (Dec. 24, 
 1861-Nov. 22, 1939), nurse, was born in 
 Stoke-upon-Trent, England. She was brought 
 to the United States as a child. After grad- 
 uating from Buchtel College, Akron, in 
 1887, she taught in Norwalk for six years 
 before beginning her nursing career. Al- 
 though she served with the American Red 
 Cross in several countries and worked 
 briefly in various states, Akron remained 
 her home, and she died in that city. She 
 wrote several nursing textbooks and The 
 Red Cross and Jane Arminda Delano, Phil- 
 adelphia, 1931. WWW 1 
 
Glasier 
 
 246 
 
 GLASIER, JESSIE (July 9, 1865-Dec. 18, 
 1955), was born in Bellaire, Belmont 
 County. She graduated from Hiram College 
 and Oberlin Conservatory of Music. In the 
 1890s she wrote society news for the Cleve- 
 land Plain Dealer; she was women's club 
 editor, 1905-27, and in 1909 she also be- 
 came the paper's art critic. The historical 
 novel below was serialized in several news- 
 papers and was widely read. After her re- 
 tirement she married Myron Fowler Near. 
 She died in De Leon Springs Heights, Fla. 
 Gaining the Heights, Cincinnati, 1890. 
 
 GLASS, FRANCIS (1790-Aug. 23, 1824), ed- 
 ucator, was born in Londonderry, Ireland. 
 His parents brought him to America in 
 1798. He graduated from the University of 
 Pennsylvania when he was nineteen. Hav- 
 ing married young, he emigrated with a 
 brood of small children to Ohio in 1817. 
 Here adversity seemed to dog his every 
 footstep. He went from place to place, con- 
 ducting schools at various times in Warren, 
 Miami, and Montgomery Counties. Al- 
 though the fame of the young classical 
 scholar, who was to be known as "the Eras- 
 mus of the West," spread over the frontier, 
 it brought him few pupils and none of the 
 comforts of life. Seeking a tutor, Jeremiah 
 N. Reynolds (q.v.) found him at the head 
 of a country school in Warren County in 
 1823. Reynolds had been with Glass but 
 three months when he discovered his teach- 
 er's overwhelming desire to write a life of 
 George Washington in Latin prose. In fee- 
 ble health and living in extreme poverty, he 
 seemed unlikely to accomplish his project. 
 But arrangements were made by Reynolds 
 for his relief, and in 1823 Glass moved to 
 Dayton, where he finished his book. He did 
 not live to learn that his work had been 
 approved by some of the ripest scholars in 
 the country. Proposals to publish the book 
 were inserted in Cincinnati and Dayton 
 papers without response. Glass died in Day- 
 ton, and when Reynolds came to Ohio 
 again after ten years he could not locate 
 any of his family. Through the instrumen- 
 tality of Reynolds, Washingtonii Vita was 
 published by Harper Brothers in 1835. 
 Washingtonii Vita, New York, 1835. 
 
 GLASSER, OTTO (Sept. 2, 1895- ), bio- 
 physicist, was born in Saarbriicken, Ger- 
 many. He came to the United States in 
 1922 and has been head of the department 
 of biophysics, Cleveland Clinic, since 1927. 
 He has written professional articles and 
 books as well as Dr. W. C. Roentgen, 
 Springfield, 111., 1945. WW 30 
 
 GLAZIER, WILLIAM BELCHER (June 29, 
 1827-Oct. 25, 1870), lawyer, was born in 
 Hallowell, Maine. After graduating from 
 Harvard University in 1847, he read law 
 and practiced for a short time. He lived in 
 Cincinnati, 1854-70. He was for many 
 years a deputy surveyor of customs. 
 Poems, Hallowell, Maine, 1853. 
 
 GLEASON, SELINA GASCOIGNE (Jan. 23, 
 1884-May 14, 1957), born in Byfield, Eng- 
 land, was brought to Worcester, Mass., in 
 1894 and was educated in that city. She 
 and her husband, Elmer F. Gleason, a 
 typographical designer, moved to Cincin- 
 nati in 1915. She published a collection of 
 essays: Going Home and Other Selections, 
 Cincinnati, 1936. 
 
 GLEASON, WILLIAM J. (June, 1846-Jan. 
 20, 1905), was born in County Clare, Ire- 
 land, but when he was six months old, his 
 parents emigrated to America, settling first 
 in Vermont. Later in the same year, they 
 came to Cleveland, where he grew up. He 
 learned the printer's trade and in 1860 was 
 employed by the Cleveland Plain Dealer. 
 Except for service with the 150th O.V.I. 
 during the Civil War, he was with that 
 newspaper until 1882. He suggested the 
 erection of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monu- 
 ment, was a member of the monument com- 
 mission named in 1879, and took an active 
 interest in the monument, which was finally 
 dedicated in 1894. As first secretary of the 
 Cleveland board of elections, organized in 
 1886, he prepared maps and data which 
 are still in use. He also served as city comp- 
 troller and was active in the affairs of the 
 GAR. 
 History of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' 
 
 and Sailors' Monument . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 1894. 
 Historical Sketch of the 150th Regiment 
 
 Ohio Volunteer Infantry . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 1899. 
 
 GLENN, EMMA LEE PATTERSON (March 
 25, 1869-May 18, 1942), was born near 
 Cambridge, Guernsey County. Her poems 
 appeared in numerous magazines and an- 
 thologies, and she also published two col- 
 lections, the first of which was dedicated to 
 her husband. Judge James Glenn of Cos- 
 hocton: Like a Meteor, Dallas, Texas, 
 [1938]. 
 
 GLENN, JAMES SPAHR (June 5, 1 875- ) , 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County, 
 where he has resided throughout his life. 
 He has published a number of pamphlets, 
 most of them on historical subjects, e.g., 
 
 
247 
 
 Golden 
 
 The Dispossession of British Sovereigns, Co- 
 lumbus, 1945. 
 
 GLOCAR, EMILIAN (July 11 1906- ), 
 clergyman, born in Moravia, has lived in 
 Ohio since 1939. He was educated at Sara- 
 jevo, Yugoslavia, and studied at the Univer- 
 sities of Belgrade and Prague. He was pas- 
 tor of St. Savo Serbian Orthodox Church, 
 Cleveland, 1939-43, and since 1943 has 
 been pastor of St. Demetrius Church, Ak- 
 ron. He published novels and poems in 
 Prague before coming to America, and he 
 has published several novels since. One of 
 his novels has a Cleveland setting: A Man 
 from the Balkans, (Fern Long, trans.), 
 Philadelphia, [1942]. 
 
 GLUECK, NELSON (June 4, 1900- ), presi- 
 dent of Hebrew Union College since 1947, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He graduated from Hebrew Union College 
 in 1918 and the University of Jena (Ph.D.) 
 in 1926. He joined the Hebrew Union fac- 
 ulty in 1929 and has also been a member of 
 several major archaeological expeditions. 
 He has written articles on archaeology and 
 the Bible and also several books, e.g.. The 
 Other Side of the Jordan, New Haven, 
 Conn., 1940. WW 30 
 
 GODDARD, HENRY HERBERT (Aug. 14, 
 1866-June 18, 1957), educator, was born 
 in Vassalboro, Maine, and lived in Ohio 
 about twenty years. He was director of the 
 State Bureau of Juvenile Research, 191 8— 
 22, and a member of the Ohio State Uni- 
 versity psychology department, 1922-38. 
 After his retirement he lived in Santa 
 Barbara, Calif. He coined the modern usage 
 of the word moron and published several 
 important psychological studies, e.g., The 
 Kallikak Family . . . , New York, 1912. 
 WW 28 
 
 GODLEY, ROBERT F. (March 14, 1908- 
 Aug. 2, 1957), journalist, was born in Mc- 
 Kinney, Texas, but lived in Cleveland for 
 most of his life. He graduated from the 
 University of Wisconsin in 1930, wrote a 
 sports column for the Cleveland Press for 
 fifteen years, broadcast various types of ra- 
 dio programs over a Cleveland station, and 
 worked as a free-lance writer and public re- 
 lations adviser. Around 1947 he moved to 
 New York City. Under the pen name 
 Franklin James, he published a mystery 
 novel: Killer in the Kitchen, New York, 
 [1947]. 
 
 GODMAN, JOHN DAVIDSON (Dec. 20, 
 1794-April 17, 1830), anatomist, was in 
 
 Cincinnati, 1821-22. On the invitation of 
 Dr. Daniel Drake (q.v.), he joined the 
 staff of the Medical College of Ohio, but 
 the dissension on the faculty led him to 
 resign after one term. While in Cincinnati, 
 he edited the first medical journal published 
 west of the Alleghenies: Western Quarterly 
 Reporter of Medical, Surgical and Natural 
 Science. Godman published numerous na- 
 ture essays, medical works, and an anony- 
 mous poem praising a work by his father- 
 in-law, Rembrandt Peale: Ode Suggested by 
 Rembrandt Peale's National Portrait of 
 Washington, Philadelphia, 1824. 
 
 GODWIN, BLAKE-MORE (Jan. 13, 1894- 
 ), museum director, was born in Clin- 
 ton, Mo. He joined the Toledo Museum of 
 Art staff in 1916 as curator and has been 
 director since 1927. His description of the 
 museum was translated into French and 
 published by an adjunct of the League of 
 Nations, the International Institute of In- 
 tellectual Co-operation: Le Toledo Museum 
 of Art, [Paris, 1935]. WW 30 
 
 GOFF, ALICE CHARLOTTE (Feb. 28, 1894- 
 ), engineer, born in Oakfield, N. Y., 
 graduated from the University of Michigan 
 with a degree in civil engineering in 1915. 
 She was a structural engineer at Republic 
 Steel in Youngstown, 1915-59. Highly suc- 
 cessful in her profession, she also special- 
 ized in designing reinforced concrete build- 
 ings and wrote a book based on her own 
 experiences: Women Can Be Engineers, 
 Youngstown, 1946. 
 
 GOHDES, CONRAD BRUNO (March 19, 
 1866-Dec. 6, 1952), clergyman, and edu- 
 cator, was born in Pomerania, Germany. 
 He came to Columbus around 1881 and en- 
 tered Capital University. After graduating 
 in 1885, he entered the seminary and was 
 ordained to the Lutheran ministry in 1888. 
 For 24 years he served churches in various 
 states; in 1912 he joined the Capital history 
 faculty. He published several books on re- 
 ligious themes, e.g., Does the Modern 
 Papacy Require a New Evaluation? Bur- 
 lington, Iowa, 1940. WWW 3 
 
 GOLDEN, JOHN (June 27, 1874-June 17, 
 1955), playwright and producer, born in 
 New York City, was brought up in Wau- 
 seon, Fulton County, where his parents 
 moved in 1875. He went to New York City 
 at the age of fourteen to become an actor. 
 He wrote songs and studied law at New 
 York University. He produced over 150 suc- 
 cessful Broadway plays and musical come- 
 dies, e.g., Lightnin', Seventh Heaven, 
 
Golder 
 
 248 
 
 Claudia, and The Male Animal. He also 
 wrote or collaborated in writing many 
 plays, e.g., Salt Water, a Fresh Play, New 
 York, 1930. WWW 3 
 
 GOLDER, CHRISTIAN (Oct. 18, 1849-Aug. 
 5, 1922), clergyman, was born in Wiirt- 
 temberg, Germany. In 1867 he came to Co- 
 lumbus, Ind., where he was converted to 
 Methodism. Licensed to preach in 1870, he 
 served pastorates in Michigan, Pennsylva- 
 nia, and Ohio, was associate editor of the 
 Apologist, 1890-1908, and was general su- 
 perintendent of deaconess work, 1908-22. 
 With his sister, Louise, he was a pioneer in 
 the establishment of hospitals and deaconess 
 houses, and he wrote many articles and at 
 least three books on the subject, e.g., His- 
 tory of the Deaconess Movement . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, [1903]. 
 
 GOLDSROROUGH, RORERT. Pseud. See 
 John R. Palmer. 
 
 GOLUR, JACOR SOLOMON (Nov. 11. 1895- 
 ), born in Poland, lived in Cincinnati, 
 1928-35, while serving as executive director 
 of the Bureau of Jewish Education. He is 
 now librarian for the Jewish Education 
 Committee, New York City. He has pub- 
 lished several books on Jewish history, e.g., 
 The Golden Dawn, Cincinnati, 1942. 
 
 GOOD, JAMES ISAAC (Dec. 31, 1850-Jan. 
 22, 1924), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in York, Pa. He held various pas- 
 torates in Pennsylvania and served on the 
 faculty of Ursinus School of Theol- 
 ogy until 1907, when he joined the faculty 
 of Central Theological Seminary, opened in 
 that year at Dayton. Until his death he 
 spent a portion of each year in Dayton and 
 the remainder at Ursinus. Widely recognized 
 as a conservative theologian and church his- 
 torian, he published many articles and 
 books on religious and historical subjects, 
 e.g., The Origin of the Reformed Church in 
 Germany, Reading, Pa., 1887. 
 
 GOODENOW, JOHN MILTON (1782-July 
 20, 1878), was born in Westmoreland, 
 N. H, where he was educated in the public 
 schools, studied law, and was admitted to 
 the bar. He moved to Bloomfield, Jefferson 
 County, in 1812. Sometime before coming 
 West he married Mrs. Sallie Campbell, a 
 sister of John C. Wright, another of whose 
 sisters had married Benjamin Tappan. At 
 this time Wright and Tappan were located 
 in Steubenville, and it would have been dif- 
 ficult to find two more influential men in 
 eastern Ohio. Perhaps it would be incorrect 
 
 to say that Goodenow joined them there in 
 1813. for within a very short time after his 
 arrival in Steubenville he found himself em- 
 broiled in a bitterly contested slander suit 
 with Tappan. Though he won the suit, the 
 encounter must have been a serious handi- 
 cap, yet Goodenow appears to have made 
 friends rapidly. In 1828 he ran against 
 his other brother-in-law, Wright, and was 
 elected to the 21st Congress. He resigned 
 his seat on April 9, 1830, having been 
 elected a judge of the supreme court of 
 Ohio. Within a few months he was forced 
 to resign from the supreme court because of 
 ill health. He moved to Cincinnati in 1832 
 and a year later was appointed presiding 
 judge of the court of common pleas. He was 
 a brilliant scholar. His Historical Sketches 
 of the Principles and Maxims of American 
 Jurisprudence was a masterly attack on the 
 viewpoint of Benjamin Tappan and a work 
 on the common law by Philadelphia's Wil- 
 liam Duane. Printed in Steubenville in 1819 
 and containing 426 pages, it was the most 
 imposing work to be published in eastern 
 Ohio up to that time; yet he issued but sixty 
 copies, all of which he gave away to law- 
 yers and legislators. He died in New Or- 
 leans and is buried in Cincinnati. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Historical Sketches of the Principles and 
 Maxims of American Jurisprudence, in 
 Contrast with the Doctrines^of the Eng- 
 lish Common Law on the Subject of 
 Crimes and Punishments . . . , Steuben- 
 ville, 1819. 
 Historical Record of the Proceedings of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, and "the Bur" 
 of Hamilton County, Ohio, in Reference 
 to the Appointment of Clerk of Said 
 Court, 1833, 1834, Cincinnati, 1834. 
 
 GOODHUE, WILLIS MAXWELL (1873- 
 Nov. 22, 1938), was born in Akron, Sum- 
 mit County. He lived in New York City, 
 where he wrote a number of plays, most of 
 them intended for amateur groups, e.g., 
 a comedy: "Hello Bill" . . . , New York, 
 1926. AATB 
 
 GOODMAN, ALFRED THOMAS (Dec. 15, 
 1845-Dec. 20, 1871), was born in Wash- 
 ington, Pa. He graduated from Cleveland 
 High School in 1863 and served in the 
 150th O.V.I, in 1864. He became secretary 
 of the Western Reserve and Northern His- 
 torical Society in 1868. An indefatigable re- 
 search worker, he edited Captain William 
 Trent's journal from the original manu- 
 script, a work rendered doubly valuable by 
 his elaborate notes. His death occurred in 
 Cleveland. 
 
249 
 
 Gordon, Wilmer I. 
 
 Judges of the Supreme Court of Ohio, 
 
 under the First Constitution, 1803-1852, 
 
 Cleveland, 1870. 
 First White Children in Ohio, [Cleveland], 
 
 1871. 
 Journal of Captain William Trent from 
 
 Logstown, to Pickawillany, A.D. 1752, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1871. 
 Papers Relating to the First White Settlers 
 
 in Ohio . . . , [Cleveland, 1871]. 
 Memoranda and Notes by the Late Alfred 
 
 T. Goodman, [Cleveland, 1877]. 
 
 GOODMAN, JOHN (?-?), was born in Eng- 
 land. Beyond the information drawn from 
 the rather full date lines of his various 
 poems, nothing is known concerning this 
 Cleveland poet. He operated a store at 256 
 Superior Street, 1860-72. From 1873 to 
 1875, his poems are dated "Northern Ohio 
 Lunatic Asylum." 
 Poems and Selections with an Address, 
 
 Cleveland, 1877. 
 Long-lost Chronicles of Solomon, and 
 
 Poems . . . , Cleveland, 1884. 
 
 GOODMAN, MAE WINKLER (May 25. 
 1911- ), born in New Orleans, has 
 lived in Cleveland since 1916. She gradu- 
 ated from Western Reserve University and 
 is married to Eli Goodman. Her poems have 
 appeared in numerous periodicals, and she 
 has published at least three collections, e.g., 
 a sonnet sequence: The Single Flame, Cleve- 
 land, [1948]. 
 
 GOODRICH, CALVIN (Feb. 22, 1874-Nov. 
 7, 1954), journalist and scientist, born in 
 Englewood, 111., lived in Ohio about twenty 
 years. He worked on the Cleveland Leader 
 for a time and was with the Toledo Blade, 
 1908-16. In 1924, after working on various 
 newspapers, he joined the University of 
 Michigan zoology faculty. He published 
 various technical works on zoology and The 
 First Michigan Frontier, Ann Arbor, Mich., 
 1940. 
 
 GOODWIN, ELIJAH (Jan. 16, 1807-Sept. 
 4, 1879), clergyman, was born in Cham- 
 paign County and died near Cleveland, but 
 spent few of the intervening years of his 
 life in Ohio. While he was a child, his 
 family moved westward, finally settling in 
 Daviess County, Ind., where he grew up. 
 Converted to the Christian Church, he 
 preached on the circuit in southern Indiana. 
 He was one of the founders of North West- 
 ern Christian University (Butler) in Indian- 
 apolis, edited church papers, and served 
 churches in Indiana, Kentucky, and Iowa. 
 He published a volume of sermons in 1856. 
 
 The book below, compiled by James M. 
 Mathes from his diaries and papers, is in 
 effect an autobiography. 
 Life of Elijah Goodwin . . . , St. Louis, 
 Mo., 1880. 
 
 GORDON, JOSEPH (Sept. 28, 1819-Feb. 28, 
 1858). clergyman, was born near Washing- 
 ton, Pa. After graduating from Washington 
 College in 1840, he attended Allegheny 
 Seminary and became a Presbyterian min- 
 ister. He served Ohio churches at Ashland, 
 New Philadelphia, and New Athens, was a 
 member of the Franklin College faculty, 
 1845-50, and published the Free Presby- 
 terian, 1854-57. He died in Washington, 
 Pa., where he had returned in the fall of 
 1857. The posthumous collection of his 
 writings contains numerous articles on var- 
 ious subjects, the greater part of them anti- 
 slavery. 
 Life and Writings . . . , Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
 GORDON, MAY E. (Dec. 21, 1840-Aug. 23, 
 1921). educator, was born in Allegheny 
 County, Pa., but lived in Wayne County 
 after 1855. She was a public school teacher 
 for many years. Her death occurred in 
 Wooster. 
 
 Easter, the Dawn. A Story of the Resur- 
 rection in Verse, [Wooster, 1892]. 
 
 GORDON, SAMUEL DICKEY (Aug. 12, 
 1859-June 26, 1936), born in Philadelphia, 
 Pa., was state secretary of the Y.M.C.A. in 
 
 Ohio. 1886-95. He published a series of 
 inspirational books, e.g., Quiet Talks on 
 Prayer, New York, [1904]. WWW 1 
 
 GORDON, WILLIAM STEWARD (April 21, 
 1868-May 8. 1948), clergyman, was born 
 in Danville, 111., but spent his boyhood in 
 Brown County near Georgetown. In 1880 
 his parents moved to Oregon, where he at- 
 tended Willamette University, taught school, 
 and served as a Methodist minister. He re- 
 tired from the ministry in 1933. He wrote 
 many poems and hymns, which were pub- 
 lished in several collections, e.g., The West- 
 ern Spirit; A Bunch of Breezy Poems, New 
 York, [1914]. 
 
 GORDON, WILMER INGALLS (1860-March 
 7, 1943), physician, came to Cleveland in 
 1900, after practicing in New York City 
 and the West. For more than thirty years 
 he practiced in Cleveland and also operated 
 a sanitarium and nurses' training center. 
 An advocate of health without medication, 
 he stressed proper living habits and absti- 
 nence from tobacco and alcohol. He pub- 
 lished several books on vegetarianism, men- 
 
 i 
 
Gordy 
 
 250 
 
 tal suggestion, New Thought, and similar 
 subjects, e.g.. How to Live 100 Years; Or, 
 the New Science of Living, Cleveland, 
 [1905]. 
 
 GORDY, JOHN PANCOAST (Dec. 21, 1851- 
 Dec. 31, 1908), educator, was born near 
 Salisbury, Md. He graduated from Wes- 
 leyan University in 1878 and the University 
 of Leipzig (Ph.D.) in 1884. From 1886 to 
 1896 he was professor of philosophy and 
 pedagogy at Ohio University, and from 
 1896 to 1900 he was on the faculty of the 
 Ohio State University. In 1901 he accepted 
 a professorship at New York University, 
 where he was teaching at the time of his 
 death by suicide in 1908. Besides the titles 
 below, he published textbooks in psychology 
 and numerous professional articles. His his- 
 tory of political parties was several times 
 revised. 
 A History of Political Parties in the United 
 
 States . . . , 3 vols., Athens, 1895. 
 A Broader Elementary Education, New 
 York, 1903. 
 
 GOSS, CHARLES FREDERIC (June 14, 
 1852-May 7, 1930), clergyman, was born 
 in Meridian, N. Y. He graduated from 
 Hamilton College in 1873 and Auburn 
 Theological Seminary in 1876. Ordained to 
 the Presbyterian ministry, he served sev- 
 eral churches before coming to Avondale 
 Church, Cincinnati, where he was pastor, 
 1894-1912. After his retirement he con- 
 tinued to live in Cincinnati and was an edi- 
 torial writer for the Enquirer. He published 
 sermons in addition to the listed titles. He 
 died in Cincinnati. 
 The Optimist, Cincinnati, 1897. 
 The Philopolist; Or, City Lover, Cincinnati, 
 
 1898. 
 The Redemption of David Corson, Indian- 
 apolis, [1900]. 
 Little Saint Sunshine, Indianapolis. [1902]. 
 The Loom of Life, Indianapolis, [1902]. 
 Dr. Goss' New Book, Philadelphia, [1905]. 
 Husband, Wife and Home, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1905]. 
 Just a Minute! Moment-Readings on Scrip- 
 ture Passages . . . , Philadelphia, 1905. 
 That Other Hand upon the Helm, Cincin- 
 nati, [1910]. 
 Cincinnati the Queen City, 1788-1912, 4 
 
 vols., Chicago, 1912. 
 Just a Minute! Moment Readings on Scrip- 
 ture Passages, and a Few on the Great 
 War, Cincinnati, 1918. 
 
 GOULD, CHARLES NEWTON (July 22, 
 1868-Aug. 13, 1949), geologist, was born 
 in Lower Salem, Columbiana County. He 
 
 graduated from Southwestern College, Win- 
 field, Kan., in 1899 and the University of 
 Nebraska (Ph.D.) in 1906. He was in the 
 geology department of the University of 
 Oklahoma. 1900-11, and directed several 
 geologic surveys for both the Federal and 
 the Oklahoma governments. He published 
 several articles and books on geology and 
 geography, e.g., Oklahoma Place Names, 
 Norman, Okla., 1933. WWW 2 
 
 GOLLD, CLARENCE PEMBROKE (Nov. 1, 
 1884- ). educator, was born in Church 
 
 Hill, Md. He graduated from Johns Hop- 
 kins University (A.B., 1907; Ph.D., 1911) 
 and served on the faculties of several Ohio 
 colleges and universities: Wooster, 191 1— 
 18, Western Reserve, 1924-33, Kenyon, 
 1933-39, and Youngstown, 193 9-. He has 
 written numerous professional articles and 
 reviews, and books dealing with the history 
 of Maryland, e.g., Money and Transporta- 
 tion in Marx land, 1720-1765, Baltimore, 
 1915. WW 30 
 
 GOLLD, DAYTON THOMAS (Feb. 3, 1847- 
 March 9, 1943), was born in Twinsburg, 
 Summit County. His family moved to 
 Geauga County while he was small, and in 
 1858 they moved to Berea. He attended 
 Baldwin College and graduated from Cleve- 
 land College of Physicians and Surgeons in 
 1870. For more than fifty years he operated 
 a pharmacy in Berea. At the age of eighty, 
 he published a volume of poems: The Eight- 
 Barred Gate, Boston, 1927. 
 
 GOLLD, GEORGE MILBRY (Nov. 8, 1848- 
 Aug. 8, 1922), physician, was born in Au- 
 burn. Maine. In 1856 his father moved to 
 Salina. Athens County, where he attended 
 school. He was a drummer boy with the 
 63rd O.V.I, and after being discharged for 
 ill health enlisted in the 141st O.V.I. He 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1873, spent a year at Harvard Divinity 
 School, and became pastor of a Unitarian 
 church in Chillicothe. where he subsequently 
 opened a bookstore. In 1885 he entered 
 Jefferson Medical College, and after grad- 
 uating in 1888 he began to practice in Phil- 
 adelphia, specializing in ophthalmology. His 
 truculent insistence on the relation of eye- 
 strain to physical and mental ill-health in- 
 volved him in many controversies. He pub- 
 lished numerous articles, addresses, and 
 medical dictionaries. In 1887 he opened a 
 correspondence with Lafcadio Hearn (q.v. ), 
 who was then in the West Indies; two years 
 later Hearn was a guest in his home. 
 Gould's attempts to reform his exotic house 
 guest were fruitless, and Hearn's Karma was 
 
251 
 
 Graham, L. 
 
 the unsatisfactory product of this relation- 
 ship. Gould died in Atlantic City, N. J. 
 
 The Meaning and the Method of Life; a 
 Search for Religion in Biology, New 
 York, 1893. 
 
 Borderline Studies; Miscellaneous Addresses 
 and Essays . . . , 2 vols., Philadelphia, 
 1896-1908. 
 
 An Autumn Singer, Philadelphia, 1897. 
 
 Suggestions to Medical Writers, Philadel- 
 phia, 1900. 
 
 Biographic Clinics, 6 vols., Philadelphia, 
 1903-09. 
 
 Concerning Lafcadio He am . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, [1908]. 
 
 Fifty-seven Varieties of Medical and 
 Ophthalmic Blunders, Ithaca, N. Y., 1909. 
 
 The Infinite Presence, New York, 1910. 
 
 GOULD, JEAN R. (May 25, 1909- ), was 
 born in Greenville, Darke County, but since 
 1916 has lived in Toledo. She studied for 
 two years at the University of Michigan, 
 1927-29, and completed her college work 
 at the University of Toledo in 1937. She 
 has published numerous stories for children 
 and several fictional biographies of writers, 
 e.g., one based on the life of Emily Dickin- 
 son: Miss Emily, New York, 1946. 
 
 GOUSHA, MRS. JOSEPH R. See Dawn 
 
 Powell. 
 
 GOUVY, GERTRUDE (Nov. 21, 1899-Oct. 
 17, 1960), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. She was a statistical secretary 
 at Cleveland Trust Company, 1922-37, and 
 afterward was a secretary in Chicago. She 
 was active in the Ohio Poetry Society be- 
 fore moving to Chicago. In 1955 she moved 
 to St. Augustine, Fla. She published articles 
 on business, poems, and a children's book 
 about astronomy: Speaking of Earth, Bos- 
 ton, [1941]. 
 
 GRABIEL, ZEPHANIAH ORLAND (April 
 20, 1860-1902), was born on a farm near 
 Rushsylvania, Logan County. After attend- 
 ing district schools, he operated a farm and 
 was local correspondent for the Bellefon- 
 taine Examiner and the Ohio State Journal. 
 He also wrote for the press a number of 
 humorous poems on rural life, many of 
 which are included in the volume below. 
 About 1900 he moved to Seattle, Wash., 
 where he spent the last two years of his 
 life. 
 Nature, [Ada], 1896. 
 
 GRAEBNER, WALTER A. (Dec. 16, 1909- 
 
 ), was born in Prairie Township near 
 
 Columbus, Franklin County, the son of a 
 
 Lutheran minister. He attended high school 
 in Wauseau, Wis., and the University of 
 Wisconsin, but left a few months before 
 graduation to join the staff of Time. In 
 1937 he was assigned to the London office, 
 where he worked until 1945. He is now 
 managing director of an advertising agency 
 in London. He has written several books, 
 some in collaboration with other reporters. 
 Six months in Russia provided the material 
 for Round Trip to Russia, Philadelphia, 
 [1943]. WW 30 
 
 GRAFF, MRS. S. S. See Anne Colver. 
 
 GRAHAM, ABBIE (May 28, 1889- ), born 
 in Lagarto, Texas, has lived in Cleveland 
 since 1934. She graduated from Southwest- 
 ern University in 1910 and also studied at 
 Columbia University. She was director of 
 adult education at the Cleveland Y.W.C.A. 
 Her writings include a book on the struggle 
 for women's rights: Ladies in Revolt, New 
 York, 1934. 
 
 GRAHAM, ALBERT ADAMS (Sept. 19, 
 1848-Feb., 1896), historian and publisher, 
 was born in Franklin County. Left an or- 
 phan at an early age, he lived with a 
 brother in Illinois until 1861, when the 
 family settled near Iberia, Morrow County, 
 where he attended Ohio Central College. 
 He wrote the histories of three Ohio coun- 
 ties and later organized a firm for the pub- 
 lication of similar works. He lived in Co- 
 lumbus, 1881-93, and afterward moved to 
 the Southwest. 
 
 History of Richland County . . . , Mans- 
 field, 1880. 
 History of Fairfield and Perry Counties 
 
 . . . , Chicago, 1883. 
 Know Your State. The Land and Township 
 System of Ohio Explained . . . , Tiffin, 
 1906. 
 
 GRAHAM, EDWARD P. (July 1, 1862-March 
 15, 1944), Catholic monsignor, was born 
 in Enniskillen, Ireland. After being ordained 
 to the priesthood at Cleveland in 1890, he 
 served churches in Shelby, Akron, San- 
 dusky, and Canton. He published numerous 
 religious articles, a prayer book for chil- 
 dren, and The Mystery of Naples, St. Louis, 
 Mo., 1909. 
 
 GRAHAM, JOHN. Pseud. See David G. 
 Phillips. 
 
 GRAHAM, LUCILE (Jan. 19, 1887- ), 
 educator, was born in Portsmouth, Scioto 
 County, and has spent most of her life in 
 that community. A graduate of Goucher 
 College in 1908, she taught English in 
 
Grandin 
 
 252 
 
 Portsmouth High School, 1918-38. and 
 conducted women's programs on local ra- 
 dio stations. She has published three books 
 of verse, e.g., Hills and Valleys, New York, 
 [1936]. 
 
 GRANDIN, RUTH T. Pseud. See Ruth L. 
 Thompson. 
 
 GRANGER, ALFRED HOYT (May 31, 1867- 
 Dec. 3, 1939), architect, was born in Zanes- 
 ville, Muskingum County. He graduated 
 from Kenyon College in 1887 and after- 
 ward studied architecture at Boston Tech- 
 nical Institute (M.I.T.) and in Paris. He 
 practiced in Cleveland, 1893-98. during 
 which time he laid out the Euclid Heights 
 development. He afterward practiced in 
 Chicago and Philadelphia. He published 
 several books, including a biography of 
 Charles R. McKim and The Spirit of 
 Vienna, New York, [1935]. He created con- 
 siderable stir with his pamphlet defending 
 the Kaiser in 1915: By Their Works Ye 
 Shall Know Them, [Chicago?, 1915], and 
 his book opposing any support of the Allies 
 in 1916: England's World Empire . . . , 
 Chicago, 1916. DAB 22 
 
 GRANGER, MOSES MOORHEAD (Oct. 22, 
 1831-April 29, 1913), lawyer and judge, 
 was born in Zanesville, Muskingum County. 
 After graduating from Kenyon College in 
 1850, he read law and practiced in Zanes- 
 ville, 1853-61. During the Civil War he 
 served with the 18th and the 122nd O.V.I., 
 and he left the army as a brevet brigadier 
 general. He returned to his law practice in 
 Zanesville, and in 1866 he became judge of 
 the court of common pleas. He died in 
 Zanesville. 
 Washington vs. Jefferson; The Case Tried 
 
 by Battle . . . , Boston, 1898. 
 A Fair Answer to the Confederate Appeal 
 
 at Richmond, [n.p., 1907]. 
 The Official Record of the 122nd Regiment 
 
 . . . , Zanesville, 1912. 
 
 GRANT, MAJOR A. F. Pseud. See T. C. 
 Harbaugh. 
 
 GRANT, CHARLES ROLLIN (Oct. 23, 1846- 
 Dec. 22, 1933), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in Orange, Conn., the son of a shoemaker. 
 He learned his father's trade and worked 
 on the family farm. He enlisted in the 12th 
 Connecticut Volunteers at the age of fifteen 
 and was discharged in 1863. He came to 
 Cuyahoga Falls, where he worked on a 
 farm for three years and then entered West- 
 ern Reserve College, graduating in 1872. 
 
 He studied law in Akron and was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar in 1874. He served as pro- 
 bate judge of Summit County, 1882-91, and 
 judge of the court of appeals, 1912-19. In 
 1897 he became part-owner of the Akron 
 Times and until 1916 wrote numerous edi- 
 torials for that paper. 
 
 Illustrated History of Summit County . . . , 
 Akron, 1891. 
 
 GRANT, JAMES J. (April 27, 1908- ), was 
 born in Van Wert, Van Wert County, and 
 still lives in that community, where he 
 operates a sign-painting business. He served 
 in the Air Force during World War II. His 
 hobby of gun collecting has supplied sub- 
 ject matter for a number of articles and 
 two books, e.g., Single-shot Rifles, New 
 York, 1947. 
 
 GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (April 27, 
 1822-July 23, 1885), Civil War general and 
 eighteenth President of the United States, 
 was born in Point Pleasant, Clermont 
 County. When he was a year old, his father 
 moved to Georgetown, Brown County, 
 where the boy grew up on a farm. He dis- 
 liked the tanning trade followed by his 
 father, but showed little preference for any 
 other profession. He did develop a love of 
 animals and skill in horsemanship which 
 remained with him throughout his life. He 
 spent two terms at Maysville Seminary, 
 Ky., and one term at the academy in Rip- 
 ley. In 1839 his father secured his appoint- 
 ment to the U. S. Military Academy. His 
 career after his graduation in 1843 is too 
 familiar to require detailed treatment here: 
 service in the Mexican War, garrison duty 
 until 1854, when he resigned from the 
 army to escape court martial, the years of 
 obscurity in Missouri and Galena, 111., the 
 victories in the West that brought him na- 
 tional recognition, his appointment as lieu- 
 tenant general and supreme commander in 
 March, 1864, and the smashing blows 
 against Lee in the Wilderness, and the be- 
 wildered stubbornness and blindness to cor- 
 ruption that marked his two terms as Pres- 
 ident. In a sense, his tenacity and courage 
 were shown more admirably in his last 
 years than at any other time of his life. 
 Encouraged by the ebullient Mark Twain, 
 he persisted in writing his memoirs, though 
 he knew himself to be dying of throat can- 
 cer. The two-volume memoirs, which some 
 critics recklessly compared to Caesar's Gal- 
 lic Wars, were sold by subscription. So suc- 
 cessful was the sales campaign that Mark 
 Twain paid the Grant family nearly 
 $450,000 in royalties. 
 Speeches . . . , Washington, D. C, 1868. 
 
253 
 
 Graydon 
 
 Personal Memoirs . . . , 2 vols., New York, 
 
 1885-86. 
 General Grant's Letters to a Friend, 1861- 
 
 80, New York, 1897. 
 Letters . . . to His Father and His Youngest 
 
 Sister . . . , New York, 1912. 
 
 GRAPHO. Pseud. See James A. Adams. 
 
 GRAVENGAARD, HANS PETER (June 5, 
 1896- ), insurance executive, was born 
 in Brayton, Iowa. He served in World War 
 I and graduated from the University of Ne- 
 braska in 1920. In 1926 he came to Ohio, 
 where he has been engaged in the insurance 
 business: in Columbus, 1926-31, Toledo, 
 1931-43, and Cincinnati, 1943-. He is now 
 vice-president of National Underwriter 
 Company and is editor of Diamond Life 
 Bulletins. Besides numerous textbooks and 
 brochures on insurance and selling, he has 
 written a novel about a Danish family in 
 America: Christmas Again! Boston, [1936]. 
 
 GRAVES, ADELIA CLEOPATRA SPENCER 
 
 (March 17, 1821-1894), was born in Kings- 
 ville, Ashtabula County. After graduating 
 from Kingsville Academy, she taught in 
 Kingsville. In 1849 she and her husband, 
 Zwinglas C. Graves, founded Mary Sharp 
 College in Winchester, Tenn., where she 
 taught literature for 31 years. She compiled 
 a number of Sunday school books and con- 
 tributed stories and poems to various pe- 
 riodicals. 
 
 Old Testament Catechism in Rhyme, Nash- 
 ville, 1859. 
 
 Jephthah's Daughter. A Drama in Five Acts, 
 Founded on the Eleventh Chapter of 
 Judges . . . , Memphis, 1867. 
 
 Seclusaval, or the Arts of Romanism, Mem- 
 phis, 1870. 
 
 GRAY, ELISHA (Aug. 2, 1835-Jan. 21, 1901 ), 
 scientist, was born in Barnesville, Belmont 
 County. By working as a carpenter, he was 
 able to attend Oberlin College for two 
 years. His chief interest was in science, es- 
 pecially electricity. He patented several im- 
 provements on the telegraph and in 1872 
 moved to Chicago, where he spent the re- 
 mainder of his life, devoting most of his 
 time to electrical research. He made pre- 
 liminary plans for a telephone, which later 
 involved him in protracted legal battles with 
 the Bell Telephone Company. He invented 
 numerous electrical devices, including the 
 telautograph for sending writing or draw- 
 ing to distant points. Besides the title be- 
 low, he published a number of technical 
 articles. 
 
 Nature's Miracles; Familiar Talks on Sci- 
 ence, 3 vols., New York, 1899-1900. 
 
 GRAY, JOSEPH M. M. (Aug. 31, 1877-Jan. 
 9, 1957), clergyman, born in Montgomery, 
 Pa., was pastor of Bexley Methodist 
 Church, 1941-50. He wrote a number of 
 books on religious themes, e.g., The Con- 
 temporary Christ, New York, [1921]. WW 
 27 
 
 GRAY, OLIVER CROMWELL (Jan. 1, 1821- 
 July 31, 1871), was born in Steubenville, 
 Jefferson County. He attended Grove Acad- 
 emy and taught school at Knoxville. He 
 later studied law in Cincinnati. He served 
 in the Jefferson Greys in the Mexican War. 
 His poems enjoyed local popularity and 
 were collected and edited by his nephew, 
 David Gray Fickes. His death occurred in 
 Steubenville. 
 Oliver Cromwell Gray. A Sketch of His 
 
 Life; With His Fragmentary Writings 
 
 .... Philadelphia, 1872. 
 
 GRAY, ROBERTSON. Pseud. See Rossiter W. 
 Raymond. 
 
 GRAY, WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM (Oct. 17, 
 1830-Sept. 29, 1901), journalist, was born 
 in Butler County. He grew up on a farm, 
 taught school, and graduated from Belmont 
 College in 1849. He was admitted to the 
 bar in 1852 but did not practice. He estab- 
 lished the Tiffin Tribune in 1853, was an 
 editorial writer for the Cleveland Herald in 
 1862, and was editor of the Newark Amer- 
 ican, 1863-71. He edited the Interior in 
 Chicago from 1871 until his death. 
 Life of Abraham Lincoln. For the Young 
 Man and the Sabbath School, Cincinnati, 
 1867. 
 Campfire Musings, Life and Good Times in 
 
 the Woods, New York, 1894. 
 Musings by Camp-fire and Wayside, Chi- 
 cago, 1902. 
 Keweenaw . . . , [Berkeley, Calif., 1905]. 
 
 GRAYDON, THOMAS HETHERINGTON 
 
 (March 30, 1881-Oct. 14, 1949), was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He was ed- 
 ucated at Franklin School, Cincinnati, and 
 graduated from Harvard University in 1903. 
 While at Harvard he starred in football 
 and was chosen an All-American fullback. 
 He later was an executive of a shoe manu- 
 facturing company, served in a machine gun 
 battalion during World War I, and after a 
 year in Cincinnati lived in Texas, New 
 York, and California. He was killed in an 
 automobile accident near Indianapolis, 
 Ind., while driving East from his home in 
 
Green, A. T. 
 
 254 
 
 Santa Monica, Calif. He published a book 
 arguing that gravitation can be explained 
 by repulsion as well as by attraction: New 
 Laws for Natural Phenomena, [Belmore, 
 N. Y., 1937]. 
 
 GREEN, ASA T. (Sept. 11, 1846-Oct. 6, 1917), 
 was born in Troy, Miami County. He was 
 self-educated. In his book he describes him- 
 self as a "school visitor." He also lectured. 
 "Eureka"; Or. the Golden Door Ajar, the 
 Mysteries of the World Mysteriously Re- 
 vealed, Cincinnati, 1883. 
 
 GREEN, BERIAH (March 24, 1795-May 4, 
 1874), clergyman, advocate of abolition and 
 temperance, was on the faculty of Western 
 Reserve College, 1830-33. His sermons 
 against slavery delivered in the college 
 chapel attracted wide attention and led to 
 his being chosen president of the Anti- 
 slavery convention in 1833. He published 
 a number of sermons and antislavery pam- 
 phlets, including a discourse on Elijah P. 
 Lovejoy: The Martyr . . . , [New York], 
 1838. 
 
 GREEN, CHARLES RANSLEY (Nov. 8, 
 1845-1915), was born in Milan, Erie 
 County. He served in the Civil War, Aug., 
 1862-June, 1865. Returning to Milan he at- 
 tended normal school for two years and 
 then saw several years of service with sur- 
 veying parties on the Union Pacific and 
 Santa Fe railroads. From 1873 to 1880 he 
 lived on a farm near Clarkfield. He went to 
 Kansas in 1880, finally settling in Olathe. 
 He died there in 1915, leaving a clutter of 
 crudely printed pamphlets which cannot be 
 wholly ignored by the historian and which 
 will be the despair of bibliographers for 
 years to come. He also published several 
 family histories. 
 
 Patriotic Lyndon . . . , Lyndon, Kan., 1897. 
 History of the Christian Church, Lyndon, 
 
 Kansas . . . , Lyndon, Kan., 1901. 
 History of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 Lyndon, Kansas . . . , Lyndon, Kan., 
 1901. 
 History of the Presbyterian Church, Lyn- 
 don, Kansas . . . , [Lyndon, Kan.], 1901. 
 "Us" and "Our Neighbors," a Historical 
 Genealogical Directory of . . . Lyndon 
 . . . , [Lyndon?, Kan., 1901]. 
 1861-1911, Fifty Years after We Volun- 
 teered to Put Down the Great Rebellion 
 . . . , Olathe, Kan., 1911. 
 Pioneer Narratives of the First Twenty-five 
 Years of Kansas History . . . , Olathe, 
 Kan., 1912. 
 Early Days in Kansas . . . , Olathe, Kan., 
 1913. 
 
 Annals of Lyndon, Olathe, Kan., [1914]. 
 
 A Historical Pamphlet. Wakeman, Ohio. 
 Lives of the Volunteers in the Civil War 
 . . . , [Olathe, Kan.], 1914. 
 
 Sac and Fox Indians in Kansas . . . , Olathe, 
 Kan., 1914. 
 
 Tales and Traditions of the Marias des 
 Cygnes Valley . . . , [Olathe, Kan.], 
 1914. 
 
 Volunteer Service in the Army of the Cum- 
 berland, [Olathe?, Kan., 1914]. 
 
 GREEN, FRANCIS MARION (Sept. 28, 
 1836-Feb. 17, 1911), clergyman, was born 
 in Norton, Summit County. After attending 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, Hiram, 
 he taught in Ohio schools, 1855-63. He was 
 ordained to the ministry of the Disciples of 
 Christ Church in 1863. He served in an edi- 
 torial capacity on various church periodi- 
 cals. His death occurred in Akron. 
 A Royal Life; Or, the Eventful History of 
 James A. Garfield . . . , Chicago, 1882. 
 Christian Missions, and Historical Sketches 
 of Missionary Societies among the Dis- 
 ciples of Christ, St. Louis, Mo., 1884. 
 Church Minister's Manual, St. Louis, Mo., 
 
 1884. 
 The Life and Times of John Franklin 
 
 Rowe, Cincinnati, 1899. 
 Hiram College and Western Reserve Eclec- 
 tic Institute. Fifty Years of History, 
 1850-1900, Cleveland, 1901. 
 
 GREEN, INVISIBLE. Pseud. See William G. 
 Crippen. 
 
 GREEN, JAMES ALBERT (Dec. 1, 1862- 
 Feb. 18, 1955), born in Richmond, Quebec, 
 Canada, was brought to Cincinnati in 1871 
 and spent the remainder of his life in that 
 city. After attending Farmers' College, Cin- 
 cinnati, he became a reporter on the Ga- 
 zette. He was city editor of the Times-Star, 
 1884-90. From 1892 until 1924 he was ac- 
 tive in iron and steel manufacturing and 
 banking. A civic leader in Cincinnati, he 
 was for many years a trustee of the Public 
 Library. He published several pamphlets on 
 historical subjects and three volumes of 
 verse, e.g., Cedar and Spruce . . . , [Cin- 
 cinnati, 1918]; but his major work, for 
 which he collected material for over forty 
 years, was William Henry Harrison, His 
 Life and Times, Richmond, Va., [1941]. 
 
 GREEN, JONATHAN HARRINGTON (c. 
 
 1812- ? ), was born in southern Ohio, pos- 
 sibly in Marietta, Washington County. He 
 was one of the most verbose of that quick- 
 fingered gentry who, having worn out their 
 welcome on Mississippi steamboats, re- 
 
255 
 
 Greenwood 
 
 formed and turned to the lecture platform 
 for their livelihood. He was a gambler on 
 the river steamboats from 1833 to 1842, 
 after which he reformed and entered Au- 
 gustana College in Kentucky. While there 
 he wrote his first book. At Cincinnati in 
 1846, he started the magazine the Casket, 
 with Emerson Bennett (q.v.) as editor. 
 Typographically and editorially it was a 
 surprisingly creditable production, but ac- 
 cording to W. T. Coggeshall: "when the 
 publisher had officiated as cashier of its 
 finances for one year, he declared emphati- 
 cally that literary enterprise was not justly 
 seconded in the west," and the Casket was 
 interred. It was then that he turned to the 
 lecture platform. He proved to be a good 
 showman and attracted large audiences. In 
 1847 he engaged in an argument with an 
 avowed gambler named Freeman in Phila- 
 delphia, which was protracted over a pe- 
 riod of three days, the entire argument 
 being reported in most of the newspapers 
 and some of the periodicals of that date. 
 He was living in Philadelphia in 1887. 
 An Exposure of the Arts and Miseries of 
 
 Gambling .... Philadelphia, 1843. 
 The Gambler's Mirror . . . , Baltimore, 
 
 1844. 
 Gambling Unmasked! . . . , New York, 1844. 
 The Secret Band of Brothers . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1847. 
 A Report on Gambling in New York . . . , 
 
 New York, 1851. 
 Twelve Days in the Tombs . . . , New 
 
 York, 1851. 
 The Reformed Gambler; Or, the History of 
 
 the Later Years of Jonathan H. Green 
 
 . . . , Philadelphia, [1858]. 
 
 GREEN, WILLIAM (March 3. 1870-Nov. 21, 
 1952), labor leader, was born in Coshocton, 
 Coshocton County, the town which he con- 
 sidered home throughout his life. After fin- 
 ishing the eighth grade, he worked for two 
 years on railroad construction, and at six- 
 teen he began working in the mines. Two 
 years later, he was secretary of the local 
 union. In 1906 he was elected president of 
 the Ohio district of the United Mine Work- 
 ers, and in 1912 he became secretary-treas- 
 urer of the national union. In 1924 he was 
 elected president of the American Federa- 
 tion of Labor, succeeding Samuel Gompers. 
 He died in Coshocton. He published nu- 
 merous articles on the labor movement and 
 several books, e.g., Labor and Democracy, 
 Princeton, N. L, 1939. WWW 3 
 
 GREENE, JAMES HERVEY (1834-May 30, 
 1890), was born in Middletown, Butler 
 County. He served in the 8th Wisconsin 
 
 Regiment from July, 1861, to March, 1865. 
 His death occurred in Medina. 
 Reminiscences of the War . . . , Medina, 
 [1886]. 
 
 GREENE, JOHN W. (April 11, 1836-Aug. 12. 
 1908), merchant, was born in Greensburg, 
 Sandusky County. In 1857 he went to Wis- 
 consin, where he taught school for one 
 term before joining two other men for the 
 trip to Pike's Peak. He returned the fol- 
 lowing year and worked in a gristmill in 
 Indiana. When the Civil War broke out, he 
 enlisted in the 26th Indiana Volunteers. He 
 was promoted to captain in 1864. He was 
 captured near Morganza, La., and impris- 
 oned near Tyler, Texas. With John A. 
 Whitsit he escaped and made his way to 
 Natchez, Miss. The account of his escape 
 is his only published book. He settled in 
 Toledo in 1871 and sold sewing machines 
 and pianos. He later added other musical 
 instruments and established a prosperous 
 music store in Toledo. 
 
 Camp Ford Prison and How I Escaped . . . , 
 Toledo, 1893. 
 
 GREENWALD, EMANUEL (Jan. 13, 1811- 
 Dec. 21, 1885), Lutheran pastor, born in 
 Frederick, Md., came to Ohio in 1831. Liv- 
 ing in New Philadelphia, he preached 
 throughout the surrounding country. In 
 1851 he moved to Columbus and estab- 
 lished an English Lutheran congregation. 
 Controversy over the question of services 
 held in English and over the administration 
 of Capital University induced him to move 
 to Pennsylvania, where he lived for the re- 
 mainder of his life. Though an Ohio resi- 
 dent for over twenty years, he published no 
 booKS while living in the state. In the latter 
 part of his life he published a number of 
 devotional books and pamphlets, e.g., The 
 Baptism of Children, Philadelphia, 1872. 
 
 GREENWALD, LEOPOLD (Sept. 26, 1889- 
 April 11, 1955), rabbi, was born in Mar- 
 maros, Hungary. He was educated in Ger- 
 many and became a rabbi at eighteen. He 
 came to the United States in 1924, and from 
 March, 1925, until his death he was rabbi 
 of Beth Jacob congregation in Columbus. 
 He wrote more than 500 articles and 44 
 books dealing with Jewish law and history, 
 e.g., Oh Le-t Sarah, St. Louis, Mo., [1939]. 
 
 GREENWOOD, GERTRLDE SHISLER 
 
 (Dec. 6, 1899- ), born in Akron, Sum- 
 mit County, and now a resident of Canton, 
 has contributed poems to a number of mag- 
 azines and has published several volumes of 
 verse, e.g., Each Spring Returning, Mill Val- 
 ley, Calif., 1949. 
 
 , 
 
Greer 
 
 256 
 
 GREER, CARL RICHARD (Feb. 29, 1876- 
 June 28, 1946), journalist and advertising 
 man, was born in Oxford, Butler County. 
 He graduated from Miami University in 
 1894 and afterward worked as city editor 
 of the Hamilton Republican News and as 
 publicity director of Beckett Paper Co., 
 Hamilton. He published books on advertis- 
 ing and a travel account: The Glories of 
 Greece, Philadelphia, 1936. OBB 
 
 GREGG, FRANK MOODY (Dec. 25, 1864- 
 Jan. 5, 1937), was born in Ripley, Brown 
 County. He attended Ripley public schools. 
 He was a reporter for the Cleveland Press, 
 1891-95, and afterward was an official of 
 the Cleveland Worm & Gear Co. and other 
 manufacturing companies in Cleveland. His 
 later years were spent in New York City. 
 Andrews Raiders, or the Last Scenes and 
 the Final Chapter of the Daring Incur- 
 sion into the Heart of the Confederacy, 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., [1891]. 
 The Founding of a Nation; The Story of 
 the Pilgrim Fathers . . . , Cleveland, 
 1915. 
 The Voice of the Nation, and Other Verse, 
 New York, [1918]. 
 
 GREGG, THOMAS, (Dec. 14, 1808-Feb. 11, 
 1892), journalist, was born in Union Town- 
 ship, Belmont County. As a young man he 
 went to Illinois, where he published news- 
 papers in Carthage, Hamilton, and other 
 towns. 
 Ruth; A Poem for the Times, Warsaw, 111., 
 
 1864. 
 History of Hancock County, Illinois . . . , 
 
 Chicago, 1880. 
 The Prophet of Palmyra; Mormonism Re- 
 viewed and Examined . . . , New York, 
 1890. 
 
 GREGOR, EMMY S. (Mrs. Franklin R.) 
 (Oct. 15, 1892- ), born in Scranton, 
 Pa., has lived in Cleveland since 1943. 
 She has published a book for children: The 
 Elephant Who Came to Tea, [Cleveland, 
 1947]. 
 
 GREGORY, CHESTER ARTHUR (Jan. 24, 
 1880-Dec. 4, 1956), educator, was born in 
 Shelbyville, Ind., but lived in Cincinnati 
 from 1924 until his death. He was profes- 
 sor of school administration at the Univer- 
 sity of Cincinnati, 1924-37. He published 
 a number of textbooks and discussions of 
 education, e.g., "Muddling Along"; Com- 
 mentaries on the Teaching Profession, Mass 
 Education, Politicians, and Preachers, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1940]. WWW 3 
 
 GREGORY, DANIEL SEELYE (Aug. 21, 
 1832-April 14, 1915), Presbyterian clergy- 
 man, born in Carmel, N. Y., was on the 
 faculty of University of Wooster, 1871-78. 
 Author of a number of textbooks and re- 
 ligious books, he wrote while in Ohio Why 
 Four Gospels? . . . , New York, 1877. He 
 was later associated with Isaac K. Funk 
 (q.v. ) in editing the Standard Dictionary 
 and the Homiletic Review. 
 
 GREINER, CLARK NEWTON (June 10, 
 1878-June 20, 1957), lumber salesman, was 
 born in Ashville, Pickaway County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Northern University 
 and taught for a time in Circleville. He was 
 associated with the W. M. Ritter Lumber 
 Co. in Columbus for more than fifty years. 
 He published verse in local newspapers and 
 in a collection: Gin and Took; Letters in 
 Verse from a Travelling Philosopher to His 
 Family and Friends, Columbus, [1939]. 
 
 GREINER, HENRY CLAY (1827-June 12, 
 1908), was born in Ohio, probably in Perry 
 County, because he spent his boyhood in 
 Somerset and practiced dentistry there be- 
 fore and after the Civil War. In 1899 he 
 was living in Chicago, and he died in that 
 city. He served in the 31st O.V.I, from 
 Sept.. 1861, to May, 1863, and also was a 
 captain in the 160th Ohio National Guard 
 for 100 days' service in 1864. He wrote 
 General Phil Sheridan As I Knew Him, Play- 
 mate — Comrade — Friend, Chicago, 1908. 
 
 GREVE, CHARLES THEODORE (Jan. 3, 
 1863-Sept. 4, 1930), lawyer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, and practiced 
 law in that city from 1885 until his death. 
 He graduated from Harvard University in 
 1884 and Cincinnati Law School in 1885. 
 He was professor of law at the University 
 of Cincinnati law school, 1904-17. He 
 wrote the historical portions of Centennial 
 History of Cincinnati and Representative 
 Citizens, 2 vols., Chicago, 1904. WWW 1 
 
 GREVE, JEANETTE S. (July 21, 1860-April 
 4, 1932), was born in Circleville. Pickaway 
 County. She wrote for various newspapers 
 and magazines and was on the editorial 
 staff of McCall's magazine for a number of 
 years. She wrote The Story of Gatlin- 
 hurg . . . , Strasburg, Va., [1931]. 
 
 GREY, ZANE (Jan. 31, 1875-Oct. 23, 1939), 
 was born at 705 Convers Avenue, Zanes- 
 ville, Muskingum County. His father. Dr. 
 Lewis M. Gray, was the grandson of Irish 
 immigrants who settled in Muskingum 
 County. Dr. Gray married Alice Josephine 
 
257 
 
 Grimm 
 
 Zane, daughter of Colonel Ebenezer Zane, 
 who founded Wheeling. Va., and opened 
 Zane's Trace across Ohio in 1797. Named 
 Pearl Zane Gray by his parents, the novelist 
 adopted the English spelling of his family 
 name and dropped his given name when he 
 was mistaken for a woman by readers of his 
 early books. In Zanesville High School Grey 
 gave less attention to academic subjects 
 than to hunting, fishing, and baseball. After 
 the family moved to Columbus, a scout 
 lured him to the University of Pennsylvania 
 to study his father's profession of dentistry 
 and to play baseball. He was graduated in 
 1896, and he spent four years in unsuccess- 
 ful dental practice on Thirty-first Street in 
 New York. Feeling an urge to write, Grey 
 produced Betty Zane, a novel about his 
 brave great-great-aunt, who saved Fort 
 Henry during the Revolution by carrying an 
 apron full of powder through a hail of 
 enemy bullets. After publishers rejected the 
 manuscript, he borrowed money and had 
 it printed at his own expense in 1903. A 
 year later he married Miss Lina Elsie Roth 
 and moved to Lackawaxen, Pa. He wrote 
 two more books about the Middle West — 
 The Last Trail (1909) and The Spirit of 
 the Border (1906). His universal popularity, 
 however, grew out of such successful novels 
 about the Far West as Riders of the Purple 
 Sage (1912), Desert Gold (1913), The Call 
 of the Canyon (1924), and The Thundering 
 Herd (1925). When fame and fortune came 
 to Grey, he bought a permanent home at 
 Altadena, Calif. In search of adventure he 
 acquired a schooner and sailed on deep-sea 
 fishing expeditions. Among his books on 
 these experiences were Tales of Fishing 
 Virgin Seas (1925) and Tales of Swordfish 
 and Tuna (1927). As headquarters for 
 hunting trips, Grey owned two ranches in 
 Arizona. He lived close to nature so that 
 he could portray faithfully the background 
 of his stories. He said: "My inspiration to 
 write has always come from nature. Charac- 
 ter and action are subordinate to setting." 
 Perhaps that characteristic of his writing 
 helps to explain the cleavage between the 
 opinions of the public and those of the crit- 
 ics. By purchasing 28.000,000 copies of his 
 sixty-nine titles, the public made him the 
 most popular author in the world. Movie 
 versions of his stories further increased his 
 popularity. The extreme view of the critics 
 was expressed by Burton Rascoe in his 
 judgment that Grey had no merit whatso- 
 ever "in either style or substance." More 
 temperate critics recognized his lack of 
 humor, improbable plots, unrealistic view 
 of life, and "tedious" style, but they ad- 
 mitted that he had some merits. John Far- 
 
 rar said, ". . . first, he had a genius for story- 
 telling, and second, his philosophies and 
 ideals are identically those of the great 
 mass of the American people." T. K. 
 Whipple wrote this estimate of Zane Grey: 
 "We turn to him not for insight into human 
 nature and human problems nor for refine- 
 ments of art, but simply for crude epic sto- 
 ries, as we might to an old Norse skald, 
 maker of the sagas of the folk." Zane Grey 
 died at Altadena, Calif. 
 
 Norris F. Schneider 
 
 GRILE, DOD. Pseud. See Ambrose Bierce. 
 
 GRIMES, EDWARD BREENE (May 12, 
 1859-June 3, 1942), was born in Wayne 
 Township, Montgomery County. He gradu- 
 ated from Otterbein University in 1883. One 
 of the incorporators of the Herald Publish- 
 ing Company, he was editor of the Dayton 
 Herald from 1886 to 1906, and subse- 
 quently was assistant to the president of the 
 Ohmer Fare Register Company until 1915. 
 His death occurred in Dayton. 
 Poems, Dayton, 1883. 
 Kettle of Coin, Dayton, 1901. 
 Poems for All the Family, [Greenfield, 
 1929]. 
 
 GRIMKE, FREDERICK (Sept. 1, 1791- 
 March 8, 1863), lawyer and judge, was 
 born in Charleston, S. C, the brother of 
 the reformers Thomas Smith and Sarah 
 Moore Grimke, who lectured in Ohio but 
 did not reside in the state. He graduated 
 from Yale University in 1810 and moved 
 to Chillicothe in 1818, where he began prac- 
 ticing law. He was judge of the common 
 pleas court in 1829, and in 1836 became a 
 member of the supreme court of Ohio, 
 serving until 1841. A bachelor, he lived in 
 seclusion in Chillicothe hotels and acquired 
 a local reputation of being on the one hand 
 a woman-hater and on the other the foun- 
 tainhead from which flowed much of the 
 local gossip. His ponderous and monotonous 
 The Nature and Tendency of Free Institu- 
 tions, which was published in 1848, is said 
 by those who profess to have read it to be 
 "full of learning and good sound sense." 
 His death occurred in Chillicothe. 
 Considerations upon the Nature and Tend- 
 encies of Free Institutions, Cincinnati, 
 1848. 
 The Works of Frederick Grimke, Columbus, 
 1871. 
 
 GRIMM, HAROLD JOHN (Aug. 16, 1901- 
 
 ), educator, was born in Saginaw, Mich. 
 
 He graduated from Capital University in 
 
 1924, Lutheran Seminary in 1927, and Ohio 
 
Grimshaw 
 
 258 
 
 State University (Ph.D.) in 1932. He served 
 on the Capital history faculty, 1925-37, at 
 Ohio State University, 1937-54, and at In- 
 diana University, 1954-58. In 1958 he re- 
 turned to Ohio State University as chair- 
 man of the history department. He has 
 written a number of history textbooks and 
 Martin Luther as a Preacher, Columbus, 
 [1929]. WW 30 
 
 GRIMSHAW, IVAN GEROULD (April 17, 
 1900- ), librarian, was born in Yorkshire, 
 England. He lived in Akron from 1907 to 
 1920. He graduated from Hiram College in 
 1924, Yale University (B.D.) in 1925, and 
 the University of Edinburgh (Ph.D.) in 
 1932. He was for a number of years di- 
 rector of education, Fairmont Presbyterian 
 Church, Cleveland Heights. He was di- 
 rector of the library, Youngstown College, 
 1947-50, head librarian at Beloit College, 
 1950-53, and has been on the staff of Fort 
 Wayne, Ind., Public Library since 1954. His 
 writings include When I Was a Boy in Eng- 
 land, Boston, [1931]. WWAE 19 
 
 GRISMER, FRANK A. (July 28, 1899- ), 
 was born in Indianapolis, Ind. A graduate 
 of DePauw University and Ohio State Uni- 
 versity, he has lived for more than thirty 
 years in Akron, where he operates the 
 Catholic Book Shop. His writings include 
 a play, A Rumor in Paradise . . . , New 
 York, 1934. 
 
 GRISMER, KARL H. (July 20, 1895-March 
 13, 1952), journalist, was born in Akron, 
 Summit County. He graduated from the 
 University of Akron in 1916. He worked 
 on the Akron Evening Times, on the Leader 
 and the Plain Dealer in Cleveland, and on 
 the New Orleans Times-Picayune. He re- 
 turned to Akron to work in the public re- 
 lations department of B. F. Goodrich Co.; 
 lived in Florida, where he produced several 
 local histories; came back to Ohio in 1928 
 to work for Davey Tree Expert Co., Kent; 
 and was on the Akron Beacon-Journal, 
 1941-45. In 1945 he returned to Florida, 
 where he had nearly completed a valuable 
 history of Akron and Summit County at 
 the time of his death. Another example of 
 his historical writings is History of St. 
 Petersburg . . . , St. Petersburg, Fla., [1924]. 
 
 GRISSO, FORREST WILBIE (Aug. 5, 1872- 
 ), was born in Clark County. After 
 graduating from Ohio Northern University 
 in 1893, he worked as a pharmacist for a 
 number of years and later was employed in 
 Dayton Public Library and Dayton Mu- 
 seum. In 1915 he was ordained a minister 
 
 in the Church of God. His residence is 
 now in Dayton. He has published a volume 
 of poems: Sailing the Silver Sea, [Yellow 
 Springs, 1938]. 
 
 GRISWOLD, LATTA (Feb. 4, 1876-Aug. 16, 
 1931), clergyman, was born in Lancaster, 
 Fairfield County. After graduating from 
 Princeton University in 1901 and General 
 Theological Seminary in 1905, he was or- 
 dained to the Episcopal priesthood; he 
 served churches in Newport, R. I., New 
 York City, and Lenox, Mass. Besides ser- 
 mons and doctrinal works, he published 
 several novels, e.g., Deering at Princeton: 
 A Story of Princeton Life, New York, 1913. 
 WWW 1 
 
 GROESBECK, TELFORD (Aug. 5, 1854- 
 Jan. 14, 1936), lawyer, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Princeton University in 1874 and 
 Harvard Law School in 1877. After being 
 admitted to the Ohio bar in 1878, he prac- 
 ticed in Cincinnati. His death occurred in 
 Cincinnati. His only publication appears to 
 have been the long poem listed below. 
 The Incas, the Children of the Sun, New 
 York, 1896. 
 
 GROFF, WILLIAM N. (May 4, 1857-Dec 
 4, 1901), Egyptologist, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton, County. He left America 
 in the 1880s and is said to have attended the 
 Sorbonne. Although little known in his 
 native land, he is said to have been hailed 
 in Europe as the successor of George Ebers, 
 the famous German Egyptologist. He con- 
 tributed numerous articles to the Revue 
 Egyptologique. He died in Athens, Greece. 
 Les Deux Versions Demotiques du Decret 
 
 de Canope. Paris, 1888. 
 Etude Sur Le Papyrus D'Orbiney, Paris, 
 
 1888. 
 Origins of Art; On the Religious Signifi- 
 cance of Sculpture and Painting among 
 the Ancient Egyptians, Cincinnati, 1899. 
 Oeuvres Egyptologiques, Paris, 1908. 
 
 GROOM, CHARLOTTE LOUISE (July 20, 
 1908- ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She graduated from the Univer- 
 sity of Cincinnati in 1929. She has written 
 on art for several newspapers and has pub- 
 lished considerable poetry. Four collections 
 of her poems have been published, e.g., The 
 Street of Women, a Ballad, and Other 
 Poems, Philadelphia, [1936]. 
 
 GROSE, PARLEE C. (July 27, 1889- ), 
 farmer, was born near Findlay, Hancock 
 County. He graduated from Findlay College 
 
259 
 
 Grover, D. C. 
 
 in 1907, served in World War I, and oper- 
 ated the General Publishing Company, in 
 McComb. He also operated a farm in Han- 
 cock County for many years and now lives 
 in McComb. Technical experiments have 
 been his avocation, and his writings include 
 The Problem of Vertical Flight, McComb, 
 [1931]. 
 
 GROSE, WILLIAM (Dec. 16, 1812-July 30, 
 1900), soldier and public official, was born 
 near Dayton, Montgomery County. While 
 he was still young, his family moved to 
 Indiana, where he grew up and spent his 
 life. He served with distinction throughout 
 the Civil War, being commissioned briga- 
 dier general in July, 1864. His only book is 
 a record of the 36th Indiana Volunteer In- 
 fantry, which he commanded at the outset 
 of the war. He was active in Republican 
 circles and served Indiana in various pub- 
 lic capacities. 
 
 The Story of the Marches, Battles and In- 
 cidents of the 36th Regiment Indiana 
 Volunteer Infantry . . . , New Castle, 
 Ind., 1891. 
 
 GROSS, SAMUEL DAVID (July 8, 1805-May 
 6, 1884), surgeon, born on a farm near 
 Easton, Pa., came to Ohio in 1833 as 
 demonstrator of anatomy in the Medical 
 College of Ohio. In 1835 he was named 
 professor of pathological anatomy in the 
 Cincinnati Medical College, where he re- 
 mained until 1840. He wrote a number of 
 significant medical manuals and treatises 
 while in Cincinnati, e.g., Elements of Path- 
 ological Anatomy, Boston, 1839. 
 
 GROSSCUP, PETER STRENGER (Feb. 15, 
 1852-Oct. 1, 1921), judge, was born in 
 Ashland, Ashland County. After graduating 
 from Wittenberg College in 1872 and Bos- 
 ton Law School in 1873, he practiced law 
 in Ashland for ten years. In 1883 he moved 
 to Chicago, where he took part in a number 
 of major civil and criminal cases. He served 
 as district judge in Illinois, 1892-99, and 
 as judge of the circuit court of appeals, 
 1899-1911. His opinions on and off the 
 bench involved him in many controversies; 
 he reversed the heavy penalty levied against 
 Standard Oil of Indiana by Judge Kenesaw 
 M. Landis, for example, and he spoke in 
 favor of Germany in the early years of 
 World War I. He wrote a number of maga- 
 zine articles on social and economic issues, 
 and many of his speeches were printed. His 
 interest in traction problems and his sym- 
 pathy with consolidation of industries and 
 utilities can be seen in a pamphlet, A 
 Simple and Sure Solution of the Transpor- 
 tation Problem, New York, 1905. DAB 8 
 
 GROSSMANN, LOUIS (Feb. 24, 1863-Sept. 
 21, 1926), rabbi, was born in Vienna, Aus- 
 tria. In 1873 he was brought to America. 
 He graduated from the University of Cin- 
 cinnati and Hebrew Union College in 1884. 
 After serving as a rabbi in Detroit, 1884— 
 98, he returned to Cincinnati as rabbi of 
 Congregation B'nai Yeshurun and as pro- 
 fessor of ethics and pedagogy at Hebrew 
 Union College, 1898-1922. He published a 
 number of textbooks and handbooks on 
 Jewish religion and history, some of them 
 in the nineteenth century. His other works 
 include The Real Life, New York, 1914. 
 DAB 8 
 
 GROSVENOR, CHARLES HENRY (Sept. 
 20, 1833-Oct. 30, 1917), lawyer and con- 
 gressman, was born in Pomfret, Conn. When 
 he was five, his family brought him to 
 Athens County. Educated by his own efforts, 
 he was admitted to the bar in 1857. In the 
 Civil War he enlisted as a private in the 
 18th O.V.I, and rose to brevet brigadier 
 general. Entering politics in 1873 as a Re- 
 publican, he was elected to the Ohio House 
 of Representatives. From 1885 to 1907 with 
 the exception of one term, he served in the 
 U. S. House of Representatives. His views 
 were conservative. Highly effective as a 
 campaign orator, he was known as "Old 
 Figgers" for his ability to quote statistics 
 to prove his points. During the last years 
 of his life he practiced law in Athens. 
 Many of his speeches in Congress were 
 separately published. He also wrote Wil- 
 liam McKinley, His Life and Work, Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1901, and The Book of the 
 Presidents, with Biographical Sketches . . . , 
 Washington, D. C, 1902. DAB 8 
 
 GROVE, HARRIET PYNE (Mar. 6, 1866- 
 April 23, 1939), educator, was born in 
 Marysville, Union County. She graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1886 
 and taught Latin there for ten years. She 
 married Professor John H. Grove of the 
 Ohio Wesleyan faculty. She later taught 
 in the Cincinnati schools; her death oc- 
 curred in that city. She wrote many books for 
 girls, including the Betty Lee series, the 
 Greycliff Girls series, the Adventurous Al- 
 iens series, and the Ann Sterling series, e.g., 
 Ann Sterling, New York, [1926]. 
 
 GROVER, DELO CORYDON (May 29, 1869- 
 Jan. 25, 1955), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Hartsgrove, Ashtabula County. 
 He graduated from Oberlin College in 1891, 
 earned a degree in law at the University of 
 Michigan in 1893, and graduated in theol- 
 ogy from Boston University in 1898. He 
 
Grover, E. O. 
 
 260 
 
 served on the faculties of Mount Union and 
 Baldwin-Wallace Colleges. His major book 
 is The Volitional Element in Knowledge 
 and Belief . . . , Boston, 1911. WWW 3 
 
 GROVER, EULALIE OSGOOD (June 22, 
 1873-Dec. 18, 1958), was born in Mantor- 
 ville, Minn., and grew up in New England. 
 She lived in Oberlin, 1906-26, with her 
 brother, Frederick O. Grover, professor of 
 botany at Oberlin College. In 1926 she 
 moved to Winter Park, Fla. She was the 
 author of numerous popular books for chil- 
 dren, including the Sunbonnet Babies series 
 and the Overall Boys series. She also wrote 
 Robert Louis Stevenson, Teller of Tales, 
 New York, 1940. WW 21 
 
 GROVES, MRS. JAMES A. See Cecil J. Rich- 
 mond. 
 
 GRUELLE, JOHN BARTON (1880-Jan. 9, 
 1938), cartoonist, born in Areola, 111., and 
 reared in Indianapolis, Ind., was working on 
 the Cleveland Press when he occupied some 
 idle time in the office by writing a children's 
 story in verse. Rewritten in prose, it became 
 Raggedy Ann Stories, New York, [1918], 
 one of the most popular children's books 
 ever written. He was later on the staff of 
 the New York Herald and published a great 
 many Raggedy Ann books and other stories. 
 He died in Miami Springs, Fla. IATB 
 
 GRUMBINE, HARVEY CARSON (May 1, 
 1869-Dec. 24, 1941), educator, was born 
 in Fredericksburg, Pa. He graduated from 
 Albright College in 1888 and the Univer- 
 sity of Munich (Ph.D.) in 1900. He was 
 professor of English at the College of 
 Wooster, 1902-16. His books include Love, 
 Faith and Endeavor, Boston, 1909. WWW 2 
 
 GUEST, MOSES (Nov. 7, 1755-March 22, 
 1828), was born in Brunswick, N. J. After 
 serving during the Revolution as an ensign 
 and as a captain in Middlesex regiments, 
 he became a shipowner and captain. His 
 journal, published with his poems, contains 
 descriptions of coastal trips in the 1790s. 
 He came to Cincinnati in 1817 and spent 
 the remainder of his life in that community. 
 A second edition of his poems was pub- 
 lished in 1824. 
 Poems on Several Occasions. To Which Are 
 
 Annexed Extracts from a Journal . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1823. 
 
 GUILD, ELLA JUNE PURCELL (1887- 
 
 ), social worker, was born in Toledo, 
 
 Lucas County. Her husband, Arthur A. 
 
 Guild, served on the University of Toledo 
 
 faculty, and she was a social worker in 
 
 Toledo for a number of years. Her latest 
 (1957) address in Ohioana files was San 
 Clemente, Calif. She has written articles 
 and books on social issues, e.g., Think on 
 These Things; Some Black-White Problems 
 as Seen by a Group of Negro Southerners, 
 Santa Barbara, Calif., [1947]. 
 
 GUILFORD, LUCINDA (Linda) T. (Nov. 
 23, 1823-March 1, 1911), educator, was 
 born in Massachusetts. She came to Cleve- 
 land in Oct., 1848, the year after her 
 graduation from Mt. Holyoke Female Semi- 
 nary. Two days after her arrival she found- 
 ed a Young Ladies Seminary, which was 
 merged in 1854 with the Cleveland Female 
 Seminary under Dr. Samuel St. John of 
 Western Reserve College. After a trip to 
 Europe she opened Cleveland Academy in 
 1861. Her school was intended for young 
 ladies, but men students were permitted. 
 She stressed discipline and accuracy. Among 
 her pupils were Charles C. Bolton (q.v.), 
 Mrs. Samuel Mather, and Mrs. John Hay. 
 Best known from a literary viewpoint was 
 Constance Fenimore Woolson (q.v.), who 
 remained her lifelong friend and who once 
 wrote her in a letter, "It was from you that 
 I first learned how to write." Miss Guilford 
 was active in the cause of temperance and 
 in Cleveland charities. 
 The Use of a Life: Memorials of Mrs. Z. 
 
 P. Grant Banister . . . , New York, 1885. 
 The Story of a Cleveland School from 1848 
 
 to 1881, Cambridge, 1890. 
 Margaret's Plighted Troth, Cleveland, 1899. 
 
 GUILFORD, NATHAN (July 19, 1786-Dec. 
 18, 1854), educator, was born in Spencer, 
 Mass. He graduated from Yale University 
 in 1812, and in 1814, after studying law, he 
 moved to Kentucky, where he taught school 
 and practiced law. In 1816 he settled in 
 Cincinnati. In 1828 he and his brother 
 George bought Foote's Book Store. An 
 earnest advocate of free public education, 
 he campaigned for tax-supported schools. 
 He established a publishing house that is- 
 sued annual educational almanacs, edited 
 by Guilford under the pen name Solomon 
 Thrifty. Each page contained a statement 
 regarding the need for public schools. He 
 later brought out a popular speller in 1831 
 and an arithmetic in 1836. From 1843 to 
 1847 he edited the Cincinnati Daily Atlas. 
 Elected superintendent of Cincinnati schools 
 in 1850, he was forced to resign two years 
 later because of his opposition to the use 
 of the Bible in the schools. 
 
 GUISE, CEDRIC HAY (July 25, 1890- ), 
 educator, was born in Findlay, Hancock 
 
261 
 
 Gunsaulus 
 
 County. After studying at the University 
 of Michigan and Cornell University, he 
 served on the Cornell faculty, 1915-54. He 
 has written many articles and several books 
 on conservation and forestry, e.g., The 
 Management of Farm Woodlands, New 
 York, 1939. AMS 9 
 
 GUITTEAU, WILLIAM BACKUS (Nov. 27, 
 1877- ), educator and businessman, 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. He 
 graduated from Ohio State University in 
 1897 and the University of Pennsylvania 
 (Ph.D.) in 1904. He began teaching in the 
 Toledo schools in 1898 and served as super- 
 intendent, 1909-21. He was executive secre- 
 tary of Ohio Crushed Stone Producers, 
 1933-47. He has written a number of books 
 and pamphlets on history and government, 
 e.g., Democracy on Trial in the World War, 
 [Toledo], 1918. WW 30 
 
 GUNCKEL, JOHN ELSTNER (Aug. 14, 
 1846-Aug. 16, 1915), was born in German- 
 town, Montgomery County. He attended 
 Oberlin College. He was in business with 
 his father in Dayton for a few years and 
 in 1870 moved to Toledo, where he was 
 employed on the Lake Shore and Michigan 
 Southern Railroad. He retired in 1906 and 
 devoted the rest of his life to work among 
 the boys on Toledo's streets, a work for 
 which he became widely known. His death 
 occurred in Toledo. He wrote a history of 
 the Maumee Valley and Boyville, History of 
 Fifteen Years' Work among Newsboys, 
 Toledo, 1905. WWW 1 
 
 GUNDRY, FRANCES RUTH GILCHRIST 
 
 (Sept. 18, 1875-Oct. 16, 1933), was born 
 in Alpena, Mich. She graduated from Ober- 
 lin College and also studied at the Cleve- 
 land School of Art and the Sorbonne. She 
 married John M. Gundry of Cleveland, and 
 afterward lived in that city. Under the pen 
 name of Martha Kean, she published A 
 Transplanted Nursery: Being the Simple 
 Chronicle of a Summer Sojourn in Brittany 
 . . . , New York, 1904. 
 
 GUNN, ALEXANDER (Dec. 7, 1837-July 6, 
 1901), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. Wealthy by inheritance, he was a 
 familiar figure in European watering places. 
 In 1879 he left his home in Cleveland and 
 went to the community of Zoar to find 
 "sanctuary from the clamors and empty am- 
 bitions of the world." For a time he lived 
 at the hotel, but he finally persuaded the 
 trustees to sell him a small log house which 
 became "home" to him for the rest of his 
 days — his beloved "Hermitage." After his 
 
 death his friends discovered that he had 
 kept a sketchy record of his days at Zoar — 
 random entries in three small notebooks 
 covering the years 1889 to 1901. His ran- 
 dom notes possessed great charm. He had 
 captured in simple beautiful prose the 
 cadence and nuances of the tranquil scene. 
 Under the editorial supervision of Don 
 Carlos Seitz (q.v.) The Hermitage-Zoar 
 Note-Book and a volume of Letters were 
 privately printed in 1902. The first edition, 
 limited to twelve copies, closely followed 
 Gunn's original text. In the second edition, 
 limited to 500 copies, the reference to mem- 
 bers as "comrades" was dropped, and other 
 minor textual changes were made. Gunn 
 died at Bad Nauheim, Germany, and is 
 buried at Zoar. 
 
 GUNNING, WILLIAM D. (1830-March 8, 
 1888), educator and clergyman, was born 
 in Bloomingburg, Fayette County. A gradu- 
 ate of Oberlin College, he taught at Hills- 
 dale College, Mich. He died in Greeley, 
 Colo., where he was serving as Unitarian 
 pastor. 
 Life History of Our Planet, Chicago, 1876. 
 
 GUNSAULUS, FRANK WAKELEY (Jan. 1, 
 1856-March 17, 1921), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Chesterville, Morrow 
 County. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1875 and was ordained to the 
 Methodist ministry in the same year. After 
 preaching for four years he entered the 
 Congregational ministry. He was pastor of 
 the Eastwood Church, Columbus, 1879-81, 
 and of other churches in Massachusetts and 
 Maryland. From 1887 until 1889 he was 
 pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church 
 in Chicago, after which he went to the in- 
 dependent Central Church, where for 
 twenty years he drew great crowds. With 
 the financial support of Philip Danforth 
 Armour he established Armour Institute of 
 Technology in 1893 and served as president 
 until his death. The proceeds from his 
 highly lucrative summer lectures were de- 
 voted to forming outstanding art and book 
 collections. The Gunsaulus Collection of In- 
 cunabula was later presented to the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago. His collection of Wedg- 
 wood in the Gunsaulus Wing of the Chi- 
 cago Art Institute is perhaps the finest in 
 existence. 
 
 November at Eastwood, Columbus, 1880. 
 The Transfiguration of Christ, Boston, 1886. 
 Loose Leaves of Song, Chicago, 1888. 
 Monk and Knight: An Historical Study in 
 
 Fiction, Chicago, 1891. 
 Phidias, and Other Poems, Chicago, 1891. 
 Songs of Night and Day, Chicago, 1896. 
 
Gurley 
 
 262 
 
 William Ewart Gladstone. A Biographical 
 
 Study, Chicago, [1898]. 
 Young Men in History, Chicago, 1898. 
 The Man of Galilee . . . , Chicago, [1899]. 
 Paths to the City of God, New York, 
 
 [1906]. 
 The Higher Ministries of Recent English 
 
 Poetry, New York, [1907]. 
 The Minister and the Spiritual Life, New 
 
 York, [1911]. 
 Martin Luther and the Morning Hour in 
 
 Europe . . . , Chicago, [1917]. 
 Prayers, New York, [1922]. 
 
 GURLEY, LEONARD B. (March 10, 1804- 
 March 26, 1880), clergyman, was born in 
 Norwich, Conn. In the fall of 1811 he was 
 brought to the Firelands of Ohio by his 
 parents. He served as pastor of various 
 Methodist churches in Ohio. His poems ap- 
 peared in the Ladies' Repository, Western 
 Christian Advocate, Delaware Gazette, and 
 other periodicals. He published a poem in 
 
 the fourth number of the Sandusky Clarion 
 which probably was the first poem published 
 in northwestern Ohio. The last three chap- 
 ters of his memoir of his father, a silver- 
 smith and Methodist minister, contain a 
 valuable account of pioneer life in the Fire- 
 lands. He died in Delaware. 
 Memoir of Rev. William Gurley, Late of 
 Milan . . . , Cincinnati, 1850. 
 
 GUTHRIE, WILLIAM NORMAN (March 4, 
 1868-Dec. 9, 1944), clergyman, born in 
 Dundee, Scotland, lived in Ohio for about 
 ten years. After graduating from the Uni- 
 versity of the South in 1889, he studied for 
 the Episcopal priesthood and was ordained 
 in 1893. He taught modern languages at 
 Kenyon, 1892-93, and served a Cincinnati 
 church, 1893-1900. He was rector of St. 
 Mark's-in-the-Bouwerie, New York, 1911- 
 37. His books include Songs of American 
 Destiny . . . , Cincinnati, 1900. 
 
 H 
 
 HAAS, WILLIAM HERMAN (June 20, 
 1872- ), educator, was born in Belle- 
 vue, Huron County. After studying at Ohio 
 Northern University, he graduated from the 
 University of Chicago (A.B., 1903; Ph.D., 
 1922). He taught in the geography depart- 
 ment, Northwestern University, 1914-37, 
 and still lives in Evanston. His writings in- 
 clude Outposts of Defense, Chicago, [1942]. 
 WW 20 
 
 HACK, GWENDOLYN DUNLEVY KELLEY 
 
 (Nov. 10, 1877- ), was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County. She studied art in 
 New York City, Paris, and Chicago. In 1905 
 she married Dr. Charles W. Hack. Ohioana 
 files contain no recent data concerning her. 
 She wrote Modern Psychic Mysteries . . . , 
 London, [1929]. WW 7 
 
 HACK, ROY KENNETH (July 3, 1884- 
 Aug. 25, 1944), educator, was born at 
 Ballston Spa, N. Y. He graduated from 
 Williams College in 1905 and was a Rhodes 
 Scholar, 1905-08. After teaching at Wil- 
 liams College, 1908-12, and at Harvard 
 University, 1912-18, he joined the classics 
 faculty of the University of Cincinnati, 
 where he taught until his death. His writ- 
 ings include God in Greek Philosophy to 
 the Time of Socrates, Princeton, N. J., 1931. 
 WWW 2 
 
 HADLEY, CHALMERS (Sept. 3, 1872-May 
 11, 1958), librarian, was born in Indian- 
 apolis, Ind. He graduated from Earlham 
 College in 1896. He was librarian of the 
 Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton 
 County, 1924-45, and after his retirement 
 continued to live in Cincinnati. He published 
 a number of articles and pamphlets on li- 
 brary work and fund raising and John 
 Cotton Dana, a Sketch, Chicago, 1943. 
 WWW 3 
 
 HAFFORD, FERRIS S. (March 23, 1857- 
 1916), educator, was born in Fremont, 
 Sandusky County. He taught at Battle Creek 
 College, Mich., at Milton Academy, Oreg., 
 and at the College of Healdsburg, Calif. 
 The Revellers; A Poem, Healdsburg, Calif., 
 1893. 
 
 HAGERTY, JAMES EDWARD (Aug. 1, 
 1869-Nov. 10, 1946), educator, was born 
 in La Porte, Ind. He graduated from Indi- 
 ana University in 1892 and the University 
 of Pennsylvania (Ph.D.) in 1900. He also 
 studied in European universities. He lived 
 for many years in Columbus, where he was 
 on the Ohio State University faculty, 1901— 
 40. Besides technical works and articles, he 
 wrote Twentieth Century Crime; Eighteenth 
 Century Methods of Control, Boston, 
 [1934]. WWW 2 
 
263 
 
 Hall, Charles F. 
 
 HAHN, BENJAMIN DAVIESE (Aug. 21, 
 1856-May 5, 1938), clergyman, was born 
 in Todd Township, Marion County. After 
 graduating from University of Wooster in 
 1877 and Rochester Theological Seminary 
 in 1882, he was ordained to the Baptist 
 ministry. He served churches in New Eng- 
 land and in Greenville, S. C. He wrote 
 Organ and Function; A Study of Evolution, 
 Boston, 1911. WWNAA 7 
 
 HAIG, ROBERT MURRAY (Oct. 3, 1887- 
 June 9, 1953), educator, was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1908 and 
 Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1914. He 
 taught political economy and economics at 
 Columbia University, 1912-43, and also 
 served on many state and federal commis- 
 sions and bureaus. He published numerous 
 articles and books, especially on the subject 
 of taxation, and Financing Total War, New 
 York, 1942. WWW 3 
 
 HAIL, WILLIAM JAMES (Nov. 16, 1877- 
 ), educator, was born in Osaka, Japan. 
 He graduated from Missouri Valley College 
 in 1899, from Yale Divinity School in 1904, 
 and from Yale University (Ph.D.) in 1921. 
 He was a member of the history depart- 
 ment, College of Wooster, 1928-46, and 
 still lives in Wooster. He published Tseng 
 Kuo-Fan and the Taiping Rebellion . . . , 
 New Haven, Conn., 1927. WW 26 
 
 HAILMANN, WILLIAM NICHOLAS (Oct. 
 20, 1836-May 13, 1920), educator, was 
 superintendent of schools in Dayton, 1898- 
 1904. A pioneer advocate of kindergarten 
 training for children and of the doctrines of 
 Friedrich Froebel, he wrote many textbooks 
 and books on elementary education, e.g., 
 Kindergarten Culture in the Family and 
 Kindergarten . . . , Cincinnati, [1873]. 
 
 HAINES, ELWOOD LINDSAY (March 12, 
 1893-Oct. 29, 1949), clergyman, was born 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. After graduating from 
 the University of Pennsylvania in 1916 and 
 Philadelphia Divinity School in 1920, he 
 was ordained to the priesthood of the Epis- 
 copal Church. He was rector of Christ 
 Church, Glendale, 1931-37, and dean of 
 Christ Church, Louisville, Ky., 1937-44; 
 in 1944, he became Bishop of Iowa. He 
 published Poems of the African Trail, Mil- 
 waukee, Wis., [1928]. WWW 2 
 
 HAIR, ADELBERT (Dell) (Nov. 4, 
 1871-March 21, 1932), policeman-poet, 
 was born in Morrice, Mich. While still a 
 boy, he served as a drummer with the army 
 
 at Fort Sill, Okla. He later operated a hotel 
 in Perry, Mich., and a saloon in Jackson, 
 Mich. He came to Toledo around 1900 and 
 served on the Toledo police force, 1906-09. 
 For about twenty years after his resignation 
 from the police force, he was a private de- 
 tective employed by downtown Toledo mer- 
 chants. Styling himself Dell Hair, the police- 
 man-poet, he wrote many poems on various 
 subjects, including the lot of a policeman. 
 
 Songs of Darkness, Light, and Death, 
 
 [Lansing, Mich.], 1895. 
 Echoes from the Beat . . . , Toledo, 1908. 
 Violets and Thorns from a Dell . . . , 
 
 Toledo, [1912]. 
 Nature Beautiful, a Collection of Poems, 
 
 Toledo, [1928]. 
 
 HALE, GARTH. Pseud. See Albert B. Cun- 
 ningham. 
 
 HALE, WILLIAM JAY (Jan. 5, 1876-Aug. 
 8, 1955), chemist, was born in Ada, Hardin 
 County. He graduated from Miami Uni- 
 versity in 1897 and Harvard University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1902. He studied in Germany, 
 1902-03. After teaching at several uni- 
 versities, he joined the staff of Dow Chem- 
 ical Co. in 1919 as director of organic 
 chemical research; he became a research 
 consultant in 1934. He published textbooks 
 and technical works in the field of chem- 
 istry, and several books relating to farming 
 and chemistry, e.g., The Farm Chemurgic; 
 Farmward the Star of Destiny Lights Our 
 Way, Boston, [1934]. WWW 3 
 
 HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-Nov. 8, 
 1871), explorer, was born in Rochester, 
 N. H., where he became a blacksmith and 
 a most restless one. Drifting westward, he 
 finally settled in Cincinnati about 1850 and 
 established himself as a steel engraver and 
 stationer. Despite an interest in Arctic ex- 
 ploration which amounted to an obsession, 
 he seems to have prospered. He followed 
 with intense interest the efforts of Sir John 
 Franklin to discover the Northwest Passage 
 and studied with avidity the reports of those 
 who sought to determine Franklin's fate. 
 Though a wife and children were housed in 
 the modest home he had built on Mount 
 Adams, he made an unsuccessful attempt to 
 organize an American expedition, which he 
 proposed to lead. Perhaps with a view 
 toward enlisting public support, he started 
 a small daily newspaper, the Occasional, 
 Aug. 5, 1858, which he suspended late in 
 the following December. His second news- 
 paper, the daily Penny Press (the forerun- 
 ner of the Cincinnati Press), was established 
 in Feb., 1858. Then came McClintock's 
 
Hall, Charles, G. 
 
 264 
 
 report of the fate of Franklin. Hall sold 
 his newspaper and went to New York, 
 where, at a meeting of the Geographical 
 Society, he proposed to go in search of the 
 retreating party under Crozier, some of 
 whom he believed might be living as cast- 
 aways among the Eskimos. A subscription 
 was raised, and he was landed alone at 
 Frobisher Bay. July 30, 1860, with a whale- 
 boat and a few supplies. With the aid of the 
 Eskimos he explored the coasts, discovered 
 relics of the sixteenth-century Frobisher 
 expedition, and in 1862 returned to Cincin- 
 nati with his loyal Eskimo aides, Joe and 
 Hannah. He spent the next two years 
 writing an account of his expedition, which 
 was published in London in 1864 as Life 
 with the Esquimaux and in New York, the 
 following year, as Arctic Researches and 
 Life among the Esquimaux. He shipped on 
 a second expedition July 30, 1864, from 
 which he returned in 1869, intent upon 
 reaching the Pole itself if possible. He suc- 
 ceeded in getting the aid of Congress, and 
 an act was passed appropriating $50,000 
 and authorizing the use of a naval vessel, 
 the steamer Polaris. On Aug. 10, 1871, he 
 reached 82° 11' north, the most northerly 
 point then reached by any vessel. Turning 
 south, the Polaris anchored and Hall made 
 a sledge trip to Cape Brevoort. Soon after 
 his return to the vessel he died of apoplexy. 
 Concerning his Arctic explorations, Gen- 
 eral Adolphus W. Greely said, "With 
 similar limited resources no man has sur- 
 passed Charles Francis Hall in Arctic 
 explorations." 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Life with the Esquimaux, London, 1864. 
 Narrative of the Second Arctic Expedition 
 
 Made by Charles F. Hall . . . , Washing- 
 
 ington, D.C., 1879. 
 
 HALL, CHARLES GILBERT (1866-Nov. 4, 
 1947), was born in Amelia, Clermont 
 County. He attended the public schools of 
 Cincinnati and the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was engaged in railroad work 
 until 1903 and afterward was an assistant 
 advertising manager for Curtis Publishing 
 Company. He became a free-lance writer, 
 wrote numerous radio scripts, and also pub- 
 lished several books for children, e.g., 
 Skyways, New York, 1938. 
 
 HALL, EDWARD HENRY (April 16, 1831- 
 Feb. 22, 1912), clergyman, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He gradu- 
 ated from Harvard University in 1851 and 
 Harvard Divinity School in 1855. Ordained 
 a Unitarian minister, he served in the Civil 
 War as a chaplain with Massachusetts 
 
 troops. After the war, he was minister of 
 various Massachusetts churches. He pre- 
 pared several Sunday school lesson books 
 that are not included below. 
 Ten Lectures on Orthodoxy and Heresy in 
 the Christian Church, Worcester, [Mass.], 
 1874. 
 Papias and His Contemporaries . . . , Bos- 
 ton, 1899. 
 Paul, the Apostle, as Viewed by a Layman, 
 Boston, 1906. 
 
 HALL, FRANCIS JOSEPH (Dec. 24, 1857- 
 March 12, 1932), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Ashtabula, Ashtabula County. 
 He graduated from Racine College in 1882, 
 and after studying at General and Western 
 Theological Seminaries, he was ordained 
 to the Episcopal priesthood in 1886. He was 
 on the faculty of Western Theological 
 Seminary, 1886-1913, and of General Theo- 
 logical Seminary, 1913-28. His death oc- 
 curred in Onekama, Mich. 
 Theological Outlines, 3 vols., Milwaukee, 
 
 Wis., 1892-95. 
 Historical Position of the Episcopal Church, 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis., 1896. 
 The Kenotic Theory . . . , New York, 1898. 
 Introduction to Dogmatic Theology, New 
 
 York, 1907. 
 Authority, Ecclesiastical and Biblical, New 
 
 York, 1908. 
 The Being and Attributes of God, New 
 
 York, 1909. 
 Evolution and the Fall, New York, 1910. 
 The Trinity, New York, 1910. 
 Creation and Man, New York, 1912. 
 The Bible and Modern Criticism, Milwau- 
 kee, Wis., 1915. 
 The Incarnation, New York, 1915. 
 The Passion and Exaltation of Christ, New 
 
 York, 1918. 
 The Church and the Sacramental System, 
 
 New York, 1920. 
 The Sacraments, New York, 1921. 
 Eschatology . . . , New York, 1922. 
 Christianity and Modernism, New York, 
 
 1924. 
 Moral Theology, (with Rev. Frank H. Hal- 
 lock), New York, 1924. 
 Christian Reunion in Ecumenical Light, 
 New York, 1930. 
 
 HALL, GRANVILLE STANLEY (Feb. 1, 
 1844-April 24, 1924), educator, was born 
 in Ashfield, Mass. He graduated from Wil- 
 liams College in 1867 and Harvard Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1878. He was on the 
 faculty of Antioch College, 1872-76, and 
 during his stay in Ohio preached in Uni- 
 tarian churches around Yellow Springs. In 
 the course of his distinguished career, he 
 
265 
 
 Hall, James 
 
 taught at Harvard, Williams, and Johns 
 Hopkins. He was president and professor of 
 psychology at Clark University, 1888-1920. 
 A bibliography of his writing will be found 
 in his autobiography, Life and Confessions 
 of a Psychologist, New York, 1923. 
 WWW 1 
 
 HALL, HARLAN PAGE (Aug. 27, 1838- 
 
 April 9, 1907), journalist, was born in 
 Ravenna, Portage County. After graduat- 
 ing from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1861, 
 he settled in St. Paul, Minn. He worked on 
 various newspapers there and founded at 
 least two, the Dispatch and the Globe. He 
 published the St. Paul Trade Journal, 1897— 
 1903. He collected some of his writings in 
 H. P. Hall's Observations . . . , St. Paul, 
 1904. 
 
 HALL, HERSCHEL SALMON (Oct. 22, 
 1874-Feb. 6. 1921), was born in Danville, 
 Ind. He came to Cleveland in 1905 and 
 worked for the American Steel and Wire 
 Company. From 1912 until his death, he 
 lived on a farm near Ashland. He wrote 
 numerous stories on the steel industry for 
 national magazines, poems, and a novel: 
 Steel Preferred, New York, [1920]. 
 
 HALL, JAMES (Aug. 19, 1793-July 5, 
 1868), born in Philadelphia, Pa., illustrates 
 admirably the versatility which life in the 
 early Middle West seemed to demand. Sol- 
 dier, lawyer, judge, editor, politician, writer, 
 and banker, he experienced several careers 
 before he was thirty and only in the closing 
 years of his life, in Cincinnati, combined 
 permanence of residence with singleness of 
 occupation. Throughout an active and di- 
 versified life, he held one conviction to be 
 basic: his faith in the future of the Ohio 
 Valley and the West. And this he mani- 
 fested in many ways, through his perennial 
 interest in the religion, education, journal- 
 ism, history, and literary culture of the 
 region. He was descended from English and 
 Scotch-Irish stock long established in 
 America. His father, John Hall, was asso- 
 ciated with the Pennsylvania land office and 
 served as U. S. marshal for the district of 
 Pennsylvania. His mother, Sarah Ewing 
 Hall, was the daughter of a prominent 
 Presbyterian clergyman in Philadephia and 
 inherited from her father a strong interest 
 in literature and philosophy. Indeed, James 
 Hall was by no means the only member of 
 his family to evince literary skill: his 
 mother wrote on religious and philosophical 
 subjects; a brother, John Elihu, became the 
 editor of the distinguished early American 
 magazine the Portfolio; and another 
 
 brother, Harrison, was well known as a 
 Philadelphia publisher. James Hall attended 
 a Philadelphia academy, but his studies 
 were interrupted by the War of 1812, and he 
 served through various campaigns as a 
 lieutenant of artillery, seeing action at 
 Chippewa and Fort Erie. At the end of the 
 war he did not leave the service but re- 
 tained his commission. He resigned from 
 the army in June, 1818, and immediately 
 commenced the study of law at Pittsburgh. 
 After a short period of somewhat desultory 
 legal reading, he was admitted to the Pitts- 
 burgh bar, but in 1820 he set out for the 
 western country and journeyed in a keel- 
 boat down the Ohio River as far as 
 Shawneetown, 111. Many of his vivid travel 
 impressions of this voyage are recorded in 
 one of his earliest books, Letters from the 
 West. Illinois was his residence from 1820 
 to 1833. At first he tried to support himself 
 as a practicing lawyer in Shawneetown. But 
 he shortly was appointed prosecuting attor- 
 ney for a number of southern Illinois 
 counties, and from 1825 to 1827 he was a 
 judge in the state's Fourth Judicial Circuit. 
 He also found time to devote to journalism 
 and was associated with Henry Eddy in the 
 publication of the Illinois Gazette from 
 May 27, 1820, to late 1822. In the winter 
 of 1827 the Illinois legislature elected Hall 
 as state treasurer, a post which he held for 
 four years and which necessitated the re- 
 moval of his residence from Shawneetown 
 to Vandalia, then the capital of the state. 
 In addition to his political activities at Van- 
 dalia, Hall bought a half interest in the 
 Illinois Intelligencer, a weekly newspaper 
 which he helped to edit; he was instrumen- 
 tal in organizing the first Illinois state his- 
 torical society; he edited the first literary 
 annual to appear west of the Alleghenies, 
 the Western Souvenir, 1829; and he 
 founded the Illinois Monthly Magazine, the 
 first literary periodical west of Ohio. Hall 
 was not re-elected after the expiration of his 
 term in 1831, and he found that lack of 
 both capital and supplies hindered his pub- 
 lishing activities. Early in 1833 he resolved 
 to leave Illinois for Cincinnati, which he 
 described flamboyantly as the Athens of 
 western America. Cincinnati remained his 
 home until his death. The Illinois Monthly 
 Magazine did not succumb because of its 
 editor's change of residence; it was re- 
 christened, and as the Western Monthly 
 Magazine it survived until 1836. During 
 his early years in Ohio, Hall's activities 
 were as numerous as they had been in 
 Illinois. He continued to practice law and 
 to be active as a writer; he participated in 
 the social life of the city and was one of 
 
Hall, James 
 
 266 
 
 the main sponsors of the Semi-Colon Club 
 (to which Dr. Daniel Drake, Edward Mans- 
 field, Harriet and Catharine Beecher, and 
 Calvin Stowe also belonged); and he was 
 cashier and subsequently president (until 
 1865) of the Commercial Bank. Hall mar- 
 ried twice. His first wife, who died in 1832, 
 was Mary Harrison Posey, granddaughter 
 of the Revolutionary soldier and territorial 
 governor, whose biography Hall later 
 wrote. His second wife was Mary Louise 
 Anderson Alexander, a young widow when 
 he married her in 1839. James Hall died in 
 Cincinnati and was buried in Spring 
 Grove Cemetery. Hall's writings are 
 numerous, although the bibliographer 
 quickly discovers that much of his work 
 was republished under different titles. His 
 interest in both the economic and political 
 history of the western country induced him 
 to publish a number of works which are 
 essentially descriptive and statistical. 
 Among these should be noted his Sketches 
 of History, Life, and Manners in the West; 
 Statistics of the West; Notes on the Western 
 States; and The West, Its Commerce and 
 Navigation. More readable because it com- 
 bines factual background with narrative 
 interpretation is the Romance of Western 
 History. Hall was also the author of biogra- 
 phies of William Henry Harrison and 
 Thomas Posey, and he furnished the letter- 
 press for the sumptuous volumes which he 
 and Thomas L. McKenney brought out 
 between 1836 and 1844 in Philadelphia: 
 History of the Indian Tribes of North 
 America. For European readers a small 
 edition of portraits of Indians was pub- 
 lished: Photographien nach Color. Portraits 
 aus dem Werk: "History of the Indian 
 Tribes . . ." (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1838). 
 Hall's more purely literary work took the 
 form of poetry, numerous short stories, and 
 one novel. Hall's verse is scattered through 
 the periodicals he edited and has never 
 been collected, though his poem "Wedded 
 Love's First Home" has been frequently 
 anthologized. He contributed at least one 
 story to the volume entitled Winter Eve- 
 nings and published four volumes of 
 shorter narratives: Legends of the West; 
 The Soldier's Bride and Other Tales; Tales 
 of the Border; and The Wilderness and the 
 Warpath. His one novel, The Harpe's 
 Head; A Legend of Kentucky, was pub- 
 lished in Philadelphia in 1833; in England 
 it appeared as Kentucky: A Tale. Hall's 
 fiction, his most distinctive literary achieve- 
 ment, was handicapped somewhat by the 
 conventional standards of the age in which 
 he lived. He had fresh and vital material on 
 which to draw, extensive personal experi- 
 
 ence in unsettled country, and a warm 
 interest in the people and scenes which he 
 knew so well. His awareness of these facts 
 is apparent in his preface to Legends of the 
 West, in which he sets down his attitude to 
 his material in some detail. But often the 
 stilted plots and implausible portraiture of 
 the current romantic novels find imitations 
 in his work. He was generally much better 
 when he tried to report the speech that he 
 heard and described landscapes familiar 
 from long experience. Among his short 
 stories, several stand out especially. The 
 three tales that reflect life in the French 
 settlements along the Kaskaskia and Mis- 
 sissippi Rivers are charming narratives: 
 "Michel de Coucy," "A Legend of Caron- 
 delet," and "The French Village." No other 
 romancer has captured quite so memorably 
 the quality of this life and the attitude of 
 the indolent villagers, indifferent to manual 
 toil but always eager for a fandango or a 
 shivaree. Hall's Indian tales, such as "The 
 Black Steed of the Prairie" and "The Dark 
 Maid of Illinois," are based on legendary 
 material and do not seem very authentic. 
 Several of his frontier stories are mem- 
 orable, notably "Pete Featherton," "The 
 Seventh Son," "The Pioneer," and "The 
 Indian Hater" — the last especially because 
 of Herman Melville's later use of the title 
 and theme in his novel The Confidence Man. 
 Some of these tales have been widely re- 
 printed and still appear in collections of 
 American short stories. Hall's literary faults 
 were often the faults of his age — prolixity, 
 excessive moralizing, authorial intrusions 
 into the story, and sentimentality. He sel- 
 dom told a story objectively and he rarely 
 plunged immediately into his narrative. Yet 
 Hall was close to the realistic trend which 
 was developing by the middle of the cen- 
 tury and which may be observed in his own 
 treatment of dialogue, in his frontier char- 
 acters, and particularly in his backgrounds. 
 Moreover, like Edward Eggleston's later 
 novels, Hall's work is rich in social history. 
 Several orations and letters were published 
 separately. As a spokesman for the western 
 country Hall had no superior. Profoundly 
 convinced of its great destiny, he worked 
 indefatigably to advance it in many ways. 
 He urged the older citizens to preserve and 
 record western history. He attempted to 
 improve education and to advance religion. 
 He was interested in science and gave 
 many pages of his periodicals to accounts 
 of the mineral and agricultural wealth of 
 the region. Above all, he urged his readers 
 to write about the West and to support 
 western projects. No chauvinist and cer- 
 tainly no partisan of Great Britain, James 
 
267 
 
 Halstead 
 
 Hall promoted an intelligent regionalism. 
 
 The cultural development of the Ohio Val- 
 ley is permanently indebted to him. 
 
 John T. Flanagan 
 
 Trial and Defense of First Lieutenant 
 James Hall, of the Ordnance Depart- 
 ment, United States' Army, Pittsburgh, 
 1820. 
 
 Letters from the West; Containing Sketches 
 of Scenery, Manners, and Customs and 
 Anecdotes Connected with the First 
 Settlements of the Western Sections of 
 the United States, London, 1828. 
 
 The Western Souvenir, Cincinnati, 1828. 
 
 Winter Evenings. A Series of American 
 Tales, Philadelphia, 1830. 
 
 Legends of the West, Philadelphia, 1832. 
 
 The Harpe's Head. A Legend of Kentucky, 
 Philadelphia, 1833. 
 
 Selections from the Writings of Mrs. Sarah 
 Hall. (With a Memoir by James Hall), 
 Philadelphia, 1833. 
 
 The Soldier's Bride; And Other Tales, Phil- 
 adelphia, 1833. 
 
 The Western Reader, Cincinnati, 1833. 
 
 Sketches of History, Life, and Manners in 
 the West, Cincinnati. 1834. 
 
 Tales of the Border, Philadelphia, 1835. 
 
 History of the Indian Tribes of North 
 America, with Biographical Sketches and 
 Anecdotes of Their Principal Chiefs, 
 (with Thomas L. McKenney), Philadel- 
 phia, 1836-44. 
 
 A Memoir of the Public Services of Wil- 
 liam Henry Harrison, Philadelphia, 1836. 
 
 Statistics of the West at the Close of the 
 Year 1836, Cincinnati. 1836. 
 
 The Catholic Question, Cincinnati, 1838. 
 
 Notes on the Western States; Containing 
 Descriptive Sketches of Their Soil, Cli- 
 mate, Resources, and Scenery, Philadel- 
 phia, 1838. 
 
 Plea for the Sabbath; Addresses to the 
 Legal Profession, Baltimore, 1845. 
 
 Life of Thomas Posey, Major-General and 
 Governor of Indiana, Boston, 1846. 
 
 The West: Its Commerce and Navigation, 
 Cincinnati, 1848. 
 
 The West: Its Soil, Surface, and Produc- 
 tions, Cincinnati, 1848. 
 
 The Wilderness and the War Path, New 
 York, 1849. 
 
 The Romance of Western Histon,-. Or 
 Sketches of History, Life, and Manners 
 in the West, Cincinnati, 1857. 
 
 HALL, JOHN ANDREW (Aug. 17, 1852- 
 March 28. 1925), clergyman, was born in 
 Morrow County. He graduated from Wit- 
 tenberg College in 1875 and from the 
 Seminary in 1877. After being ordained to 
 the Lutheran ministry, he served churches 
 
 in Mifflin, Cincinnati. Canton, and Mans- 
 field. He died in Mansfield. He wrote 
 several books on religious themes, e.g., The 
 Nature of God . . . , Philadelphia, [1910]. 
 
 HALL, MARSHALL RENWOOD (Sept. 13, 
 1889-April 9, 1947), journalist, was born 
 in Sherman, W. Va., and grew up in Idaho. 
 He began his journalistic career with the 
 Pittsburgh Dispatch, edited the Cleveland 
 Times, and from 1926 until his death was 
 on the staff of the Ohio State Journal. He 
 published considerable adventure fiction, 
 some of it under the pen name of Barry 
 Renwood. Most of his novels deal with the 
 West, e.g., The Valley of Strife, Boston, 
 [1925]. 
 
 HALLE, RITA SULZRACHER. See Rita S. 
 H. Kleeman. 
 
 HALSEY, LEWIS (1843-Dec. 25, 1914), 
 clergyman, was born in Trumansburg, N. Y. 
 A graduate of Colgate-Rochester Divinity 
 School, he was a Baptist minister in Inter- 
 laken, N. Y.. and in Cincinnati. His death 
 occurred in Cincinnati. 
 
 The Falls of Taughannock . . . , New York, 
 
 1866. 
 History of the Seneca Baptist Association 
 
 . . . , Ithaca, N. Y., 1879. 
 
 HALSTEAD, MURAT (Sept. 2, 1829-July 2, 
 1908), journalist, was born on a farm near 
 Paddy's Run, Butler County. On May 18, 
 1860, Norman B. Judd of Illinois stood on 
 the speaker's platform in the Wigwam, a 
 rambling frame building in Chicago where 
 the Republican Party was in convention to 
 nominate a candidate for President. He 
 offered the name of Abraham Lincoln. 
 Tumultuous cheering shook the building. In 
 the press gallery, swiftly moving pencils 
 noted the demonstration. One reporter 
 wrote: "Imagine all the hogs ever slaugh- 
 tered in Cincinnati giving their death 
 squeals together." That reporter was 
 Murat Halstead, dark-haired, handsome, 
 thirty years old, of the Cincinnati Com- 
 mercial. His reference to squealing pigs 
 struck fire in Cincinnati, known then as 
 "Porkopolis," center of the pork-packing 
 industry. Halstead rode a train through the 
 night back to Ohio. In every village, guns 
 were booming, tar barrels burning, drums 
 beating. He noted that the people were "de- 
 lighted with the idea of a candidate for the 
 presidency who thirty years ago split rails 
 on the Sangamon River — classic stream now 
 and forevermore — and whose neighbors 
 called him 'honest'." Halstead's story of 
 the convention has long been source mate- 
 rial for Civil War historians and Lincoln 
 
Ham 
 
 268 
 
 scholars. It has been said he wrote a million 
 words a year for forty years. But never 
 again did he rise to such heights. His five 
 words about the Sangamon alone have 
 made him a journalistic immortal. His 
 father was Griffin Halstead, whose parents 
 had brought him to Ohio from North Caro- 
 lina. His mother was Clarissa Willits Hal- 
 stead, daughter of Pennsylvanians who settled 
 in the lower Scioto Valley. Murat attended 
 country school, then entered Farmers' Col- 
 lege at College Hill. While in college, he 
 wrote for the Hamilton Intelligencer and 
 the Rossville Democrat. Upon graduation 
 in 1848, he worked on Cincinnati news- 
 papers: the Daily Atlas, the Columbian and 
 Great West, and the Enquirer, before join- 
 ing the Commercial in 1853 under M. D. 
 Potter. During the Civil War, he wrote 
 political news, was a war correspondent, 
 and virtually ran the newspaper. The Com- 
 mercial stood squarely behind the Lincoln 
 administration. Upon Potter's death in 
 1866, Halstead became chief stockholder 
 and publisher. Halstead left the Republican 
 Party in 1872 to support Horace Greeley 
 for President, but soon returned to the fold. 
 An outspoken foe of corruption in public 
 office, he charged that seats in the U. S. 
 Senate were sold. The Senate got its revenge 
 when it rejected his nomination as minister 
 to Germany by President Harrison in 1889. 
 Halstead, meanwhile, had covered the 
 Franco-Prussian War and conducted a cam- 
 paign newspaper in New York. Gradually, 
 due to poor financial management, the 
 Commercial slipped from his hands, and in 
 1890, he became editor of the Brooklyn 
 (N. Y.) Standard Union, where he wound 
 up his career in journalism. Turning to 
 authorship, he produced a succession of 
 quickly forgotten books. Compiled mainly 
 with scissors and paste pot, they were sold 
 by subscription. Twelve children were born 
 to him and his wife, the former Mary 
 Banks, whom he had married in 1857. 
 When he fell dead at his home, 643 West 
 Fourth Street, Cincinnati, July 2, 1908, the 
 headline in his old newspaper, then the 
 Commercial-Tribune, said: "Grand old man 
 of journalism passes away." Among those 
 who sent regrets was his former reporter on 
 the Cincinnati courthouse beat, William 
 Howard Taft. 
 
 Robert S. Harper 
 
 Caucuses of I860. A History of the Na- 
 tional Political Conventions of the 
 Current Presidential Campaign . . . , 
 Columbus, 1860. 
 
 The War Claims of the South. The New 
 Southern Confederacy, with the Demo- 
 cratic Party as Its Claim Agency, De- 
 
 manding Indemnity for Conquest . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1876. 
 Life of Jay Gould, How He Made His 
 
 Millions, (with J. Frank Beale, Jr.), 
 
 [Philadelphia], 1892. 
 One Hundred Bear Stories . . . , New York, 
 
 [1895]. 
 The White Dollar . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 [1895]. 
 The Story of Cuba . . . , Chicago, 1896. 
 The History of American Expansion and 
 
 the Story of Our New Possessions . . . , 
 
 [n.p., 1898]. 
 Our Country in War Relations with All 
 
 Nations . . . , [n.p., 1898]. 
 Our New Possessions . . . , Chicago, 1898. 
 Full Official History of the War with Spain 
 
 . . . , Chicago, 1899. 
 Life and Achievements of Admiral Dewey 
 
 . . . , Chicago, 1899. 
 Briton and Boer in South Africa . . . , 
 
 [Philadelphia?, 1900]. 
 Galveston: The Horrors of a Stricken City 
 
 . . . , [Chicago, 1900]. 
 Victorious Republicanism and Lives of the 
 
 Standard-bearers, McKinley and Roose- 
 velt . . . , [Chicago?, 1900]. 
 Aguinaldo and His Captor . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1901. 
 The Illustrious Life of William McKinley, 
 
 Our Martyred President . . . , [Chicago, 
 
 1901]. 
 The Life of Theodore Roosevelt, Twenty- 
 fifth President of the United States, 
 
 Akron, 1902. 
 The World on Fire . . . , [n.p., 1902]. 
 Pictorial History of the Louisiana Purchase 
 
 and the World's Fair at St. Louis . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, [1904]. 
 The War between Russia and Japan . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, [1904]. 
 
 HAM, MARION FRANKLIN (Feb. 18, 1867- 
 July 23, 1956), clergyman, was born in 
 Harveysburg, Warren County. In 1885 he 
 left Ohio for Chattanooga, Tenn., where he 
 worked for a newspaper and in a bank. He 
 entered the Unitarian ministry in 1897 and 
 afterward served churches in Tennessee, 
 Texas, and Massachusetts. One of his 
 poems, "Bob White," was reprinted in news- 
 papers throughout the country; William 
 Dean Howells (q.v.) wrote that "it 
 brought back my boyhood in southern 
 Ohio." In addition to his poetry he com- 
 posed numerous hymns, compiled song 
 books, and wrote a number of stories in 
 Negro dialect. A collected edition of his 
 poems was published in 1954. His death 
 occurred in Arlington, Mass. 
 The Golden Shuttle, New York, 1896. 
 Songs of the Spirit, Boston, 1932. 
 
269 
 
 Hamlin 
 
 HAMILTON, EDMOND MOORE (Oct. 21, 
 1904- ), was born in Youngstown, 
 Mahoning County, and now lives in Kins- 
 man, Trumbull County. He attended West- 
 minster College. New Wilmington, Pa. A 
 free-lance writer since 1926, he has pub- 
 lished many short stories and novels, most 
 of them in the field of science fiction, e.g., 
 The Star Kings, New York, [1949]. He has 
 used various pseudonyms, e.g., Philip Allen 
 and Frederick Fell. His novels have been 
 published in England and in Europe. His 
 wife, who writes mystery stories as Leigh 
 Brackett, has lived in Ohio since 1951. 
 
 HAMILTON, EDWARD JOHN (Nov. 29, 
 1834-Nov. 21, 1918). clergyman and edu- 
 cator, spent two periods in Ohio. While his 
 father was a pastor in Cincinnati, he at- 
 tended preparatory school in that city, 
 1847-50; he was later pastor of the Presby- 
 terian church in Hamilton, 1866-68. Among 
 his most important works is The Human 
 Mind . . . , New York, 1883. 
 
 HAMILTON, EDWIN TIMOTHY (June 5, 
 1898- ), was born in Cleveland. 
 Cuyahoga County. He is the brother of 
 Dorothy Hamilton Brush (q.v.). He at- 
 tended Cleveland public schools and Ros- 
 well Military Academy in New Mexico. 
 During World War I, he left Dartmouth 
 College to serve in the Canadian Royal Air 
 Force, where he attained the rank of cap- 
 tain. He also served in World War II and 
 became a brigadier general. After World 
 War I he worked for the Cleveland Hard- 
 ware Company. He now lives in Ontario, 
 Canada. He has published several books on 
 handicraft for children, e.g.. Popular Crafts 
 for Boys, New York, 1935. 
 
 HAMILTON, FLORA DESHLER RRENT 
 
 (Dec. 23, 1872-July 7, 1933), was born in 
 Cheyenne, Wyo.. the granddaughter of 
 David Deshler of Columbus. When her fa- 
 ther died in 1880, her mother took her 
 abroad for her education. Later, they re- 
 turned to Columbus. In 1897 she married 
 Thomas B. Hamilton of Columbus, where 
 they lived for some time. She died at her 
 summer home in Culver, Ind. She published 
 essays, translations, and original poems. An 
 essay on the sonnet and sonnets in French 
 and English are included in the posthumous 
 volume Sonnets, Boston, 1934. 
 
 HAMILTON, FRANKLIN ELMER ELLS- 
 WORTH (Aug. 9, 1866-May 5, 1918), 
 clergyman, was born in Pleasant Valley, 
 Muskingum County. He graduated from 
 Harvard University in 1887 and Boston 
 
 University School of Theology in 1892, 
 was ordained to the Methodist ministry in 
 1892, and served churches in Massachu- 
 setts. He was chancellor of American Uni- 
 versity, Washington, D. C, 1908-16, and 
 in 1916 was elected bishop of the Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. His writings include The 
 Cup of Fire, Cincinnati, [1914]. 
 
 HAMILTON, GILBERT VAN TASSEL (Jan. 
 15, 1877-Dec, 1943), physician and psy- 
 chiatrist, was born in Frazeysburg, Mus- 
 kingum County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1898 and Jefferson 
 Medical College in 1901. He practiced as 
 a physician and psychiatrist in Pennsylvania, 
 Massachusetts, Ohio, New York, and Cali- 
 fornia. His residence at the time of his 
 death was Santa Barbara, Calif. His writ- 
 ings include A Research in Marriage, New 
 York, 1929. WWW 2 
 
 HAMILTON, JAY BENSON (Dec. 19, 1847- 
 Jan. 19, 1920), clergyman, was born in 
 West Chester, Butler County. After gradu- 
 ating from Mount Union College, he was 
 ordained to the Methodist ministry in 1872, 
 served various churches in New England, 
 and was president of Walden University, 
 Nashville, Tenn., 1901-04. During his later 
 life he served several churches in New 
 York City. 
 Empty Churches, and How to Fill Them, 
 
 New York, 1879. 
 From the Pulpit to the Poor-House, and 
 Other Romances of the Methodist Itin- 
 erancy, Cincinnati, 1892. 
 
 HAMILTON, KAY. Pseud. See Cateau 
 deLeeuw. 
 
 HAMILTON, WILLIAM DOUGLAS (May 
 24, 1832-Jan. 22, 1916), lawyer, was born 
 in Scotland, but was brought to the United 
 States at an early age. He graduated from 
 Cincinnati Law School in 1858 and began 
 practice in Zanesville in 1859. He served 
 throughout the Civil War in the 32nd 
 O.V.I, and in the 9th Ohio Cavalry. After 
 the war he practiced in Columbus. He 
 published Recollections of a Cavalryman 
 . . . , Columbus, 1915. 
 
 HAMLIN, HOWARD ELROY (July 9, 1888- 
 ), educator, was born in North Balti- 
 more, Wood County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1913 and did 
 graduate work at Harvard University. He 
 taught physical education in several col- 
 leges and universities, and from 1938 until 
 his retirement was an official of the Ohio 
 Department of Education. He now lives 
 
Hamline 
 
 270 
 
 in Columbus. He has published several 
 pamphlets similar to his first publication, 
 Alcohol Talks to Youth . . . , [Columbus, 
 1935]. 
 
 HAMLINE, LEONIDAS LENT (May 10, 
 1797-March 23, 1865), clergyman, was 
 born in Burlington, Conn. Noted for his 
 mental precocity, he was teaching school 
 before he was eighteen. He is believed to 
 have arrived in Ohio about 1820; however, 
 the earliest record of him in the state is 
 as a member of the bar in Zanesville in 
 1825. Though raised as a Congregational- 
 ism he fell under Methodist influences and 
 was licensed to preach in 1829. He joined 
 the Ohio Conference, on probation, in 1832 
 and was ordained an elder in 1836 — the 
 year in which he became assistant editor 
 of the Western Christian Advocate. Upon 
 his recommendation, the Ladies' Repository 
 was founded in 1841, and he served as 
 editor of this, the Midwest's first successful 
 periodical, until 1844. He was elected 
 bishop in 1844, but was forced by a heart 
 condition to relinquish active service in 
 1852. Before his death he gave $25,000 to 
 establish what is now Hamline University, 
 St. Paul, Minn. His death occurred in 
 Mount Pleasant, Iowa. 
 Sermons and Miscellaneous Works, (F. G. 
 
 Hubbard, ed.), 2 vols., New York, 1869- 
 
 71. 
 
 HAMMEL, MAMIE L. (March 29, 1867- 
 July, 1943), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. Wife of a Cincinnati attorney, 
 Samuel B. Hammel, she wrote many short 
 stories and poems for children which were 
 published in the Cincinnati Enquirer and 
 other periodicals. Also, she and Mabel H. 
 Faison (q.v.) collaborated on three novels, 
 published under the pen name Hammel 
 Johnson, e.g., Prydehurst, New York, 1926. 
 
 HAMMOND, CHARLES (Sept. 19, 1779- 
 April 3, 1840), lawyer and journalist, was 
 born near Baltimore, Md., but grew up in 
 Wellsburg, Va., where his father moved 
 in 1785. Admitted to the Virginia bar in 
 1801, he practiced in Wellsburg and Wheel- 
 ing and contributed articles and satirical 
 poems to the press. A series of articles de- 
 fending Arthur St. Clair, published in the 
 Scioto Gazette, won him recognition as a 
 Federalist spokesman. He settled in Bel- 
 mont County to practice law in 1801, re- 
 turned to Wheeling in 1804, and five years 
 later came back to Belmont County. He 
 lived on a farm near St. Clairsville until 
 1822, when he moved to Cincinnati. He 
 edited the Cincinnati Gazette from 1825 
 
 until his death. He served in the Ohio 
 Legislature, 1813-21, and was reporter of 
 the Ohio Supreme Court, 1823-40. He pub- 
 lished the first nine volumes of supreme 
 court reports. In general, he favored the 
 principles of Henry Clay and opposed those 
 of Andrew Jackson. Some of his legal argu- 
 ments were printed, and some of his news- 
 paper polemics were issued in pamphlet 
 form. 
 
 An American System for the Protection of 
 American Industry, [Cincinnati, 1824]. 
 
 HAMMOND, PERCY HUNTER (March 7, 
 1873-April 25, 1936), drama critic, was 
 born in Cadiz, Harrison County, the son 
 of Alexander J. and Charlotte Hunter Ham- 
 mond. He was proud that the Hunters as 
 well as the Hammonds were of Scotch- 
 Irish stock and that he had ancestors who 
 fought in both the Revolutionary and Civil 
 Wars. His ancestors were also engaged in 
 the printing business, and his cousin, Dard 
 Hunter (q.v.), is the world's leading au- 
 thority on paper-making. He chose to enter 
 the office of the Cadiz Republican rather 
 than graduate from high school, and within 
 a year after entering the office as a printer's 
 devil, he was able to set by hand 10,000 
 ems a day. He saw his first show at the 
 Cadiz Fair. It was held in a tent. He was 
 fascinated and thereafter passed show bills 
 for the local theater and acted as an usher 
 to gain a free seat. He secured a typesetting 
 job in the Government Printing Office, 
 Washington, D. C, where he remained for 
 four years. After returning to Harrison 
 County, he attended Franklin College, 
 1892-96, served two years on the Chilli- 
 cothe News-Advertiser, owned by his uncle, 
 and then moved to Chicago, where he 
 worked as a police reporter and later be- 
 came a drama critic. His caustic criticism 
 made him many enemies; he was refused 
 admission to the Shubert theaters for two 
 years. He joined the Chicago Tribune in 
 1908. During World War I he was sent to 
 France as a roving correspondent, and he 
 later reported sports events. Following his 
 habit while on the Cadiz Republican, he 
 carried Hart's Rhetoric around with him 
 and usually had Roget's Thesaurus, Web- 
 ster's, and Crabb's English Synonyms in his 
 suitcase. In 1921 he transferred to the New 
 York Tribune and his column was syndi- 
 cated, so that for several years he was the 
 most influential drama critic in the country. 
 Some of his criticism has been collected 
 in But— Is It Art?, New York, 1927, and 
 This Atom in the Audience . . . , New York, 
 1940. 
 
 H. B. McConnell 
 
271 
 
 Hanna, C. A. 
 
 HANCOCK, JOHN (Feb. 18, 1825-June 1, 
 1891), educator, was born near Point 
 Pleasant, Clermont County. He attended dis- 
 trict schools and began teaching at the age 
 of nineteen. Upon the recommendation of 
 Dr. Joseph Ray (q.v.), he was appointed 
 first assistant at the Upper Race Street 
 School, Cincinnati, in 1850 and became 
 principal in 1853. In 1866, he was employed 
 by the publishers of the famous McGuffey 
 Readers — Wilson, Hinkle & Co. — to collect 
 material for a new series of readers. He be- 
 gan his long career as a superintendent of 
 public schools upon his election to that office 
 in Cincinnati in 1867. He served in Cincin- 
 nati, 1867-74, in Dayton, 1874-85, and in 
 Chillicothe, 1885-89. In 1889 he was ap- 
 pointed state school commissioner. Through- 
 out his professional career, he was a prolific 
 contributor to educational journals. In 1860 
 he became chief editor of Elias Longley's 
 short-lived Journal of Progress in Education 
 and Social Improvement. His death occurred 
 in Columbus. 
 
 Selections from Wordsworth, with a Brief 
 Sketch of His Life, Cincinnati, 1886. 
 
 HANDERSON, HENRY EBENEZER (March 
 21, 1837-April 23, 1918), physician and 
 historian, was born in Orange, Cuyahoga 
 County, and was reared in Cleveland by 
 Lewis Handerson. his uncle. He graduated 
 from Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y., in 1858 
 and afterward lived in Tennessee and 
 Louisiana. He fought with the Confederacy 
 throughout the Civil War, rising to the 
 rank of major. He studied medicine after 
 the war and practiced in New York City 
 until 1885, when he returned to Cleveland. 
 He was on the medical faculty at Univer- 
 sity of Wooster, 1894-96, and taught at 
 Ohio Wesleyan University, 1896-1906. 
 About two years before his death he be- 
 came totally blind. He was a leader in 
 Cleveland medical circles and had a wide 
 reputation as a historian of medicine, pub- 
 lishing many articles and translations. He 
 wrote Gilbert us Angelicus, Medicine of the 
 Thirteenth Century, Cleveland, 1918. DAB 
 8 
 
 HANDY, WILLIAM HENRY (Feb. 14, 1843- 
 July 23, 1929), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Gaines High School. Blind throughout 
 much of his life, he dictated the poems and 
 essays in his book Truths in Rhyme, and 
 Miscellaneous Prose Compositions, [New 
 York, 1928]. 
 
 HANFORD, BEN (1861-1910), printer, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He 
 
 learned the printing trade in Marshalltown, 
 Iowa, and later lived in Chicago, Philadel- 
 phia, and New York. He devoted three 
 months of each year to lectures favoring 
 socialism and was a perennial candidate for 
 public office on the socialist ticket. He pub- 
 lished Fight for Your Life! Recording 
 Some Activities of a Labor Agitator, New 
 York, 1909. WWW 1 
 
 HANFORD, HELEN ELLWANGER (Jan. 
 26, 1882-Jan. 9, 1944), was born in Grand- 
 view, Washington County, but was reared 
 in Rochester, N. Y., where she married J. 
 Holly Hanford (q.v.). She lived in Cleve- 
 land, 1928-44. She wrote stories and articles 
 for various magazines and also published 
 a book on child-rearing: Parents Can Learn, 
 New York, [1940]. 
 
 HANFORD, JAMES HOLLY (March 19, 
 1882- ), educator, was born in Ro- 
 chester, N. Y. He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Rochester in 1904 and Harvard 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1909. He was profes- 
 sor of English at Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, 1928-52, and, during the last five 
 years of this period, also taught at Anti- 
 och College. An internationally known 
 scholar in the field of seventeenth-century 
 literature, he first published his widely used 
 Milton Handbook in 1926. He has also 
 written John Milton, Englishman, New York, 
 [1949]. WW 30 
 
 HANKINS, FRANK HAMILTON (Sept. 27, 
 1877- ), educator, was born in Will- 
 shire, Van Wert County. He graduated from 
 Baker University in 1901 and Columbia 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1908. He served on 
 the faculties of Clark University, 1906-22, 
 and Smith College, 1922-46. His resi- 
 dence in 1960 was in Northampton, Mass. 
 He has produced a number of sociology 
 textbooks, professional articles, and The 
 Racial Basis of Civilization . . . , New York, 
 1926. WW 26 
 
 HANLEY, HUGH. Pseud. See Emerson Price. 
 
 HANNA, CHARLES AUGUSTUS (Dec. 28, 
 1863-May 19, 1950), banker, was born in 
 Cadiz, Harrison County. He attended the 
 Cadiz public schools, and after graduating 
 from high school he spent several years in 
 his father's bookstore, where he installed 
 a small printing press and in 1882 began 
 printing an amateur paper. He was soon 
 printing ornamental post cards with the re- 
 verse side adapted for stamping and address- 
 ing. He married Elizabeth Fleming Harrison 
 of Wheeling, W. Va. Possessing unusual abil- 
 
Hanna, M. A. 
 
 272 
 
 ity, he sought his fortune in the West, and 
 after 1885 he made his home in Lincoln, 
 Neb., where he became a close friend of 
 Charles G. Dawes (q.v. ). He served as 
 vice-president of Lincoln First National 
 Bank and as treasurer of the Nebraska 
 Stock Yards. He was appointed a national 
 bank examiner and served in New York, 
 1899-1911. From 1911 to 1940 he was chief 
 examiner of the New York Clearing House. 
 On his death, the New York Herald-Tribune 
 pronounced him the leading banker of New 
 York City and described him as a "man of 
 invincible silence." In addition to his duties 
 in connection with billions of dollars, he 
 was an avid student of history. He compiled 
 and published the Historical Collections of 
 Harrison County, which has come to be re- 
 garded throughout the country as an out- 
 standing county history. In compiling this 
 work, he had records examined in the court- 
 houses of eastern Ohio, southern Pennsyl- 
 vania, Maryland, and Virginia. He collected 
 names of settlers to whom land grants were 
 made, marriages up to 1850, inscriptions on 
 tombstones up to 1890, histories of churches 
 and early settlements, attestations of wills, 
 and many genealogies of families that 
 settled in Harrison County. The book is in 
 constant demand and has long been out of 
 print. His other main contributions to the 
 book world were The Scotch-Irish and The 
 Wilderness Trail. His thoroughness as an 
 author was equal to the knowledge and high 
 standards he maintained in his chosen pro- 
 fession as a banker. As an instance of 
 loyalty to one's home community and of 
 interest in its history, there is no better 
 example than Charles A. Hanna. 
 
 H. B. McConnell 
 Historical Collections of Harrison County 
 
 . . . , New York, 1900. 
 The Scotch-Irish; Or, the Scot in North 
 Britain, North Ireland, and North Amer- 
 ica, 2 vols., New York, 1902. 
 The Wilderness Trail; Or, the Ventures and 
 Adventures of the Pennsylvania Traders 
 on the Allegheny Path . . . , 2 vols., New 
 York, 1911. 
 
 HANNA, MARCUS ALONZO (Sept. 24, 
 1837-Feb. 15, 1904), capitalist and polit- 
 ical leader, was born in New Lisbon, 
 Columbiana County. After the family 
 moved to Cleveland in 1852. he advanced 
 rapidly in the business and social life of the 
 city. From his father's grocery and com- 
 mission business, young Mark Hanna turned 
 to lake transportation, coal and iron, bank- 
 ing, and journalism. He devoted himself to 
 the political fortunes of John Sherman and 
 William McKinley (qq.v.), and his success 
 
 in procuring McKinley's Presidential nomi- 
 nation in 1896 won him the chairmanship 
 of the Republican National Committee. In 
 1897 he was named Senator from Ohio. An 
 ardent protectionist and supporter of indus- 
 trial combinations, Mark Hanna was able 
 to persuade businessmen to contribute 
 heavily to Republican Party campaign 
 funds. His policy of "Stand-pattism" led 
 many to classify him as a reactionary. A 
 man of action rather than a scholar, Hanna 
 wrote little. His only book was published 
 posthumously by an admirer, Joseph 
 Mitchell Chappie: Mark Hanna: His Book, 
 Boston, 1904. DAB 8 
 
 HANNA, WILLARD A. (Aug. 3, 1911- ), 
 educator, was born in Cross Creek, Pa., but 
 spent his boyhood in Loudonville, where 
 his father was a Presbyterian minister. 
 After graduating from the College of 
 Wooster in 1932, he taught English in 
 Shanghai and Hangchow. 1932-36, and 
 afterward taught in American universities. 
 He earned his Ph.D. at the University of 
 Michigan in 1940. He now lives in New 
 York City. He has written a novel about 
 China: Destiny Has Eight Eyes, New York, 
 [1941]. 
 
 HANNAFORD, EBENEZER (March 24, 
 1840-Jan. 10, 1905), publisher, was born 
 in Devonshire, England, but was brought 
 to the United States when he was four 
 years old. He grew up in Hamilton and 
 Cincinnati. He served throughout the Civil 
 War with the 6th O.V.I, and later wrote 
 the regimental history. He was associated 
 with publishing firms in Cincinnati, Phila- 
 delphia. St. Louis, and Springfield, and 
 wrote a book of instructions for book 
 agents. He lived in Springfield from 1896 
 until his death. 
 The Story of a Regiment: A History of the 
 
 Campaigns, and Associations in the Field, 
 
 of the Sixth Regiment . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1868. 
 The Handy War Book . . . , Springfield, 
 
 [1898]. 
 Eight Poems, Springfield, 1900. 
 History and Description of the Picturesque 
 
 Philippines . . . , Springfield, 1900. 
 
 HANNAH, IAN CAMPBELL (Dec. 16, 1874- 
 July 7, 1944), educator, was born in 
 Brighton, England. He graduated from 
 Cambridge University in 1895 and after- 
 ward studied law. He taught in China, 
 South Africa, and London. He was pro- 
 fessor of church history at the Graduate 
 School of Theology, Oberlin College, 1917— 
 25. 
 
273 
 
 Hardin 
 
 A Brief History of Eastern Asia, London, 
 1900. 
 
 The Sussex Coast, London, 1912. 
 
 The Berwick and Lothian Coasts, London, 
 [1913]. 
 
 Capitals of the Northlands, Tales of Ten 
 Cities, London, [1914]. 
 
 Arms and the Map; A Study of Nationali- 
 ties and Frontiers, London, [1915]. 
 
 Quaker-Born; A Romance of the Great 
 War, New York, 1916. 
 
 Christian Monasticism; A Great Force in 
 History, New York, 1925. 
 
 Voadica; A Romance of the Roman Wall, 
 New York, 1928. 
 
 Story of Scotland in Stone, Edinburgh, 1934. 
 
 A History of British Foreign Policy, Lon- 
 don, 1938. 
 
 HANNUM, ALBERTA PIERSON (Aug. 3, 
 1905- ), was born in Condit, Delaware 
 County. When she was seven, her parents 
 moved to Columbus, where she attended 
 the public schools. She graduated from 
 Ohio State University in 1927, and in 1929 
 she married Robert Fulton Hannum. They 
 live near Moundsville, W. Va. Since her 
 first novel, Thursday April (1931), she has 
 published noteworthy short stories and 
 novels about the hill people of West Vir- 
 ginia, Kentucky, and North Carolina, and 
 a novel, based on the Hatfield-McCoy feud: 
 Roseanna McCoy, [New York, 1947]. ANT 
 
 HANSCOM, ALICE E. (June 3, 1848-Oct. 
 24, 1932), educator, was born in Gates 
 Mills, Cuyahoga County. After graduating 
 from Willoughby College in 1866, she 
 taught in several Ohio and Kentucky com- 
 munities. She taught in a private school in 
 New York City, 1880-84, and in the Hath- 
 away-Brown School, Cleveland, 1884-95. 
 She lived in Willoughby during her last 
 years and, despite her failing eyesight, took 
 an active part in the cultural life of the 
 community. Her volume of prose and na- 
 ture poems was privately published. 
 Perennia, Cleveland, 1898. 
 
 HANTHORN, ALICE (1885- ), educator, 
 born in Superior, Neb., has lived in Ohio 
 since 1923. She was a school principal in 
 Cleveland for a number of years and after- 
 ward was supervisor of student teaching in 
 Cleveland for Ohio State University. She 
 has published educational articles, readers, 
 primers, and Billy Boy on the Farm, Chi- 
 cago, 1929. 
 
 HARBAUGH, HENRY (Oct. 28, 1817-Dec. 
 28, 1867), clergyman of the German Re- 
 
 formed Church, came to Ohio in 1836 and 
 remained until about 1840, living in Stark, 
 Tuscarawas, and Carroll Counties. He 
 worked as a carpenter, taught school, and 
 wrote poetry. Later a prolific writer of 
 books on religious themes, he also pub- 
 lished considerable poetry, much of it in 
 dialect, e.g., Poems, Philadelphia, 1860. 
 
 HARBAUGH, THOMAS CHALMERS (Jan. 
 13, 1849-Oct. 28, 1924), was born in 
 Middletown, Md. In 1851 his parents moved 
 to Piqua, and five years later they moved 
 to Casstown, where he spent the remainder 
 of his life. As a boy he worked with his 
 father, a house painter. In 1867 he began 
 writing for local newspapers, and soon he 
 was publishing poems and stories in na- 
 tional magazines and newspapers. Highly 
 prolific, he wrote at least 125 novels for 
 various Beadle series. Some of his dime 
 novels were published under the pen names 
 Capt. Howard Holmes, Capt. Charles 
 Howard, and Major A. F. Grant. His out- 
 put can be suggested by the titles published 
 in a single year, 1882: Bel Bravo and his 
 Bear Pards . . . ; The Boy Detectives . . . ; 
 The Boy Exiles of Siberia . . . ; The Buck- 
 skin Detective . . . ; Captain Apollo, the 
 King-Pin of Bowie . . . ; The Condor 
 Killers . . . ; The Girl Detective . . . ; The 
 Lost Boy Whalers . . . ; The Mystery of 
 One Night; Old Winch, the Rifle King 
 The Pampas Hunters . . . ; Snow-Shoe 
 Tom . . . ; and The Snow-Trail. Harbaugh 
 never married but lived with a brother in 
 Casstown. In his last years he was paralyzed 
 and was confined to a wheel chair. He was 
 unable to adapt his style to new tastes in 
 popular fiction, and a year before his death 
 his belongings were sold at sheriff's auction. 
 He died in the Miami County Infirmary. 
 Maple Leaves. Poems, Cincinnati, 1883. 
 Bugle Notes of the Blue . . . , [n.p., 1892]. 
 Centennial History. Troy, Piqua and Miami 
 
 County . . . , Chicago, [1909]. 
 Middletown Valley in Song and Story, [n.p., 
 
 1910]. 
 Lyrics of the Gray, [n.p., n.d.]. 
 
 HARDIN, WILLETT LEPLEY (Dec. 8, 
 1868- ), was born in Coshocton 
 County. He graduated from Buchtel Col- 
 lege in 1893 and the University of Pennsyl- 
 vania (Ph.D.) in 1896. After teaching at 
 Buchtel College and the University of 
 Pennsylvania, he was an executive of coal 
 and gas companies and a consultant chem- 
 ist. He also edited the Quarterly Journal of 
 Science, Religion and Philosophy. His last 
 residence in Ohioana files is Los Angeles. 
 His writings include Democracy; Its Prob- 
 
Harding, A. R. 
 
 274 
 
 lems and Its Strength, Los Angeles, [1938]. 
 WW 20 
 
 HARDING, ARTHUR ROBERT (July 17, 
 1871-March 3, 1930), journalist, was born 
 in Gallia County. He was editor of the 
 Gallia Times and also founded and edited 
 several outdoors magazines. He wrote many 
 articles and books on hunting, fishing, and 
 trapping, some under the pen name Lake 
 Brooks, e.g.. Science of Fishing . . . , Co- 
 lumbus, [1912]. 
 
 HARDING, JOHN MILBLRN (1873-March 
 24, 1934), lawyer, was born in Harrison 
 County and also lived in Noble County for 
 a time. After reading law and being ad- 
 mitted to the bar, he practiced in Lorain. 
 He published a narrative in verse: Lourell, 
 the Indian Maid, Lorain, [1916]. 
 
 HARDING, WARREN GAMALIEL (Nov. 
 2, 1865-Aug. 2, 1923), 29th President of 
 the United States, was born on a farm in 
 Morrow County. After attending district 
 schools, he studied at Ohio Central College. 
 Iberia, 1879-82. In 1882 his family moved 
 to Marion, where he read law for a short 
 time, sold insurance, and worked on the 
 Democratic Mirror. In 1884 with a friend, 
 Jack Warwick (q.v.), as partner, he pur- 
 chased the bankrupt Marion Star. He soon 
 bought out Warwick, and as the Star pros- 
 pered he took an increasingly active part in 
 Marion business life. In 1891 he married 
 Florence Kling DeWolfe. widow of a 
 Marion banker. Elected to the Ohio Senate 
 in 1898 and to the lieutenant governor's 
 chair in 1902, he gradually drew the atten- 
 tion of Ohio Republican leaders for his de- 
 pendability, affability, and conservatism — 
 qualities that were to carry him to the 
 Presidency. He was elected to the U. S. 
 Senate in 1914, and in 1916 delivered the 
 keynote address at the Republican Party 
 convention. Harry M. Daugherty (q.v.) 
 and others began working for his nomina- 
 tion early in 1919, and he was named on 
 the tenth ballot. His administration, though 
 some of its more sensational aspects are 
 still subjects of disagreement, is generally 
 familiar. The extent to which he was the 
 dupe of his subordinates is a matter for 
 debate. His numerous editorials in the 
 Marion Star have never been reprinted, and 
 perhaps a later generation will have an op- 
 portunity to judge him as a journalist. As a 
 public figure he developed a florid. Sena- 
 torial style, marked by a fondness for 
 coined words and alliteration. Collections 
 of many of his speeches were published, 
 e.g., Rededicating America . . . , Indianap- 
 
 olis, [1920], and Our Common Country 
 . . . , Indianapolis, [1921]. 
 
 HARDING, WARREN GAMALIEL II (Nov. 
 2, 1905- ), surgeon, nephew of President 
 Harding (q.v.), was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University. From 1933 to 1941 he 
 practiced medicine in Sydney, Australia. He 
 now lives in Worthington. He has published 
 An American Looks at Australia, Washing- 
 ton, D. C, [1943]. 
 
 HARGRAVE, CATHERINE PERRY (Aug. 
 13, 1884-Feb. 25, 1953), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati. Hamilton County. She graduated 
 from Walnut Hills High School in 1901 and 
 also attended the University of Cincinnati. 
 She was for some years librarian of the 
 Cincinnati Art Museum. She published a 
 number of articles in periodicals, and under 
 the sponsorship of John Omwake (q.v.), 
 president of the U. S. Playing Card Co., 
 she wrote A History of Playing Cards . . . , 
 Boston, 1930. 
 
 HARKNESS, DONNA J., was born in Ful- 
 tonham, Muskingum County. Her family 
 moved to Indianapolis, Ind., when she was 
 ten years old, and she attended schools in 
 that city. Around 1920 she moved to Cin- 
 cinnati, where she worked in the public 
 relations department of the New York Cen- 
 tral Railroad. In 1958 she moved to Zanes- 
 ville. Her poems have appeared in numerous 
 magazines, newspapers, and anthologies, 
 and she has published a collection: The 
 Weather Vane, [Cincinnati], 1940. 
 
 HARPER, FOWLER VINCENT (July 21, 
 1897- ). lawyer and educator, was born 
 
 in Germantown, Montgomery County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Northern University 
 in 1922, took his law degree in 1923, and 
 completed his doctorate at the University 
 of Michigan in 1926. He has taught at 
 several universities and is now on the fac- 
 ulty of Yale University School of Law. He 
 has published legal books and articles and 
 Give Me Liberty, Chicago, [1942]. WW 26 
 
 HARPER, MRS. LATHROP COLGATE. See 
 
 Mabel H. Urner. 
 
 HARPER, ROBERT STORY (Oct. 30, 1899- 
 ), journalist and novelist, was born in 
 Greenfield, Highland County. He served 
 on the staffs of the Washington Court House 
 Herald, 1919-24, the Columbus Dispatch, 
 1924-27, the New York World, 1927, and 
 the Ohio State Journal, 1928-46. He was 
 managing editor of the Journal in 1946 
 when he retired to devote his full time to 
 
 
275 
 
 Harpster 
 
 writing. He has published nonfiction books 
 on Lincoln and several successful historical 
 novels, e.g., a story of the War of 1812: 
 Trumpet in the Wilderness, New York, 
 [1940]. WW 30 
 
 HARPER, WILLIAM RAINEY (July 24, 
 1856-Jan. 10, 1906), author, teacher, and 
 administrator, was born in a log house in 
 the village of New Concord, Muskingum 
 County. His birthplace is now owned by 
 Muskingum College and is open to the pub- 
 lic on certain occasions. It contains some 
 of his books and correspondence and sug- 
 gests the romance of the Harper story. 
 Standing in its front door and looking north 
 up the hill, one can see the older buildings 
 of the college from which he was gradu- 
 ated in 1870, after delivering a commence- 
 ment oration in Hebrew. Genius cannot be 
 explained, but one can note the early in- 
 fluences affecting it. Harper's grandmother 
 Rainey was known for her accurate knowl- 
 edge of the Bible. His mother was a woman 
 of remarkable mentality. From her collec- 
 tion of books, she gave him Book No. 1 
 for his own library: Intellectual Philosophy 
 by Abercrombie. Muskingum College was 
 largely a training school for young men 
 wishing to enter the ministry, so its cur- 
 riculum centered around ancient languages, 
 religion, philosophy, and psychology. From 
 this background young Harper became the 
 foremost Hebrew scholar of his time and 
 found his intellectual interests and writing 
 turning to religion and education. His fa- 
 ther owned the village store, still standing 
 on the opposite side of the street and east of 
 the birthplace. What business training he 
 had he gained from working in this store, 
 where he soon learned that "he could sell 
 anybody anything." Beside the store is the 
 house to which the family later moved and 
 in which "Willie" lived as he was growing 
 up. He organized and led the village band 
 and courted young Ella Paul, the daughter 
 of the president of the college. Dr. Paul 
 recognized his linguistic genius and encour- 
 aged him to continue his studies at Yale. 
 By the time he was nineteen, he had earned 
 his Ph.D., and married Miss Paul, and was 
 serving as principal of Masonic College in 
 Macon, Tenn. After a year there, he came 
 to Granville as a tutor in the preparatory 
 department at Denison. At that time, he 
 joined the Baptist church; until then, his 
 inquiring mind had prevented his final com- 
 mitment to any denomination. His affilia- 
 tion with the Baptist Church in time brought 
 him in contact with John D. Rockefeller, 
 whose millions made possible the founding 
 of the new University of Chicago. Plans for 
 
 such an institution had been forming in 
 Harper's mind for several years while he 
 was teaching at the Baptist Theological 
 Seminary at Morgan Park, near Chicago, 
 and at Yale. Harper was made the first 
 president of the great new university, and 
 the Harper Memorial Library on its cam- 
 pus is his material monument. Harper's 
 writing career was forced upon him. As a 
 young teacher of Hebrew, it was necessary 
 for him to compose the texts for his large 
 correspondence classes. His first book Ele- 
 ments of Hebrew (42 pages) was privately 
 printed in Chicago in 1881. The twentieth 
 edition (200 pages) was published by Scrib- 
 ner's in 1902. It is now published by the 
 University of Chicago Press. A bibliography 
 of his works, published in Goodspeed's 
 William Rainey Harper, contains titles of 
 eighteen books of which he was the author, 
 thirteen textbooks of which he was the 
 general editor, nine volumes of Bible Stud- 
 ies and Ancient Records which he edited, 
 and official bulletins of the university, presi- 
 dent's reports, and 66 articles in religious 
 and literary journals. He was also the 
 founder and editor of The Biblical World 
 and The American Journal of Semitic Lan- 
 guages and Literature. His Commentary on 
 Amos and Hosca (1905) was long consid- 
 ered the standard work on the prophets. In 
 a letter written shortly before his death, he 
 expressed the wish that this Commentary 
 "might stand as evidence of my life work." 
 Two of his books, Religion and the Higher 
 Life (1904) and The Trend in Higher Edu- 
 cation (1905), are still of interest to the 
 general reader. Two years before his death 
 from cancer he wrote, "I have had for the 
 past thirty days the best time that I can 
 recall in thirty years absolutely without ex- 
 ception. It has consisted in uninterrupted 
 opportunity to read and write." The author 
 had won over the teacher and administrator. 
 
 Gladys Forsythe Hazen 
 The Prospects of the Small College, Chi- 
 cago, 1900. 
 The Priestly Element in the Old Testament 
 
 . . . , Chicago, 1902. 
 Religion and the Higher Life; Talks to 
 
 Students, Chicago, 1904. 
 A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on 
 
 Amos and Hosea, New York, 1905. 
 The Prophetic Element in the Old Testa- 
 ment . . . , Chicago, 1905. 
 The Trend in Higher Education, Chicago, 
 1905. 
 
 HARPSTER, HILDA THANKFUL (1905- 
 
 ), entomologist, was born in Toledo, 
 
 Lucas County, and attended public school 
 
 in that city. She graduated from Sweet 
 
Harris, A. M. G. 
 
 276 
 
 Briar College in 1927 and the University 
 of Michigan (Ph.D.) in 1939. She has 
 taught at Michigan State Normal, at Wo- 
 men's College, Greensboro, N. C, and at 
 other schools. Besides technical articles on 
 entomology, she has published The Insect 
 World, New York, 1947. 
 
 HARRIS, ADAH MAY GLASENER (Sept. 
 4, 1881- ), was born in Nashville, 
 Holmes County. She studied music at Mc- 
 Dowell Institute, Columbus, and taught 
 school for several years. In 1899 she mar- 
 ried Joseph E. Harris, a Dayton business- 
 man, now deceased. She lives in Dayton. 
 She has published a novel about five genera- 
 tions in an Ohio community: Clipped 
 Wings, Philadelphia, [1943]. 
 
 HARRIS, COLVER. Pseud. See Anne Colver. 
 
 HARRIS, LAURA (1894- ), born in 
 Rising Sun, Ind., has lived in Cleveland 
 since 1910. A graduate nurse, she worked 
 in Cleveland and Detroit health agencies 
 before her marriage in 1934 to John M. 
 Harris, a Cleveland attorney. She began 
 writing in 1946 and published a novel about 
 life in an Ohio River town at the turn of 
 the century: Ring in the New, New York, 
 1950. 
 
 HARRIS, LEON R. (Nov. 18, 1881-Jan. 27, 
 1960), was born in Cambridge, Guernsey 
 County. He attended Tuskegee Institute 
 and was a founder of the National Federa- 
 tion of Colored Farmers. He edited the 
 Richmond, Ind., Blade, 1918-21, and the 
 Modern Farmer, 1928-39. After living in 
 Des Moines, Iowa, for a number of years, 
 he moved to Los Angeles, where his death 
 occurred. He wrote poetry and fiction which 
 appeared in various periodicals, and he pub- 
 lished at least three books, including a col- 
 lection of poems about railroads: Locomo- 
 tive Puffs from the Back Shop, Boston, 
 [1946]. 
 
 HARRIS, MERRIMAN COLBERT (July 9, 
 1846-May 8, 1921), Methodist missionary 
 and bishop of Japan and Korea, was born 
 in Beallsville, Monroe County. He served 
 with the 12th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, 
 1863-65, studied theology after the war, 
 taught school in Fairview, and preached 
 for a time at Uhrichsville. In 1873 he and 
 his wife went to northern Japan as mis- 
 sionaries. Except for the years 1886-1904, 
 he spent his life in Japan, where he came 
 to be deeply loved and respected by the 
 Japanese people. He died and is buried at 
 Ayoyama. He published Christianity in 
 Japan, Cincinnati, [1907]. DAB 8 
 
 HARRIS, NORMAN DWIGHT (Jan 25, 
 1870-Sept. 4, 1958), educator, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Yale University in 1892 and the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1901. He was 
 on the faculty of Northwestern University, 
 1906-29. He wrote numerous magazine 
 articles; his books include Moving On; The 
 Romance of Travel, Chicago, 1939. WW 26 
 
 HARRIS, WILLIAM LOGAN (Nov. 14, 
 1817-Sept. 2, 1887), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born near Mansfield, Richland 
 County. After his conversion at a camp 
 meeting when he was seventeen, he deter- 
 mined to be a minister. He studied at Nor- 
 walk Seminary, preached on the northern 
 circuit and in Delaware, and was principal 
 of Baldwin Institute, Berea. He was profes- 
 sor of chemistry and natural history at Ohio 
 Wesleyan University, 1851-60. He served 
 as a secretary of the Methodist Missionary 
 Society from 1860 until 1872, when he was 
 elected bishop. He opposed the admission of 
 slave-owners to church membership. He 
 died in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 The Relation of the Episcopacy to the 
 General Conference, New York, 1888. 
 
 HARRISON, BENJAMIN (Aug. 20, 1833- 
 March 13, 1901), 23rd President of the 
 United States, was born on a farm adjoin- 
 ing the estate of his grandfather, William 
 Henry Harrison (q.v.), at North Bend, 
 Hamilton County. After graduating from 
 Miami University in 1852, he read law in 
 Cincinnati for two years and in 1854 settled 
 in Indianapolis, Ind., which remained his 
 home thereafter. He was active in the Re- 
 publican Party from its formation. In 1862 
 he helped raise the 70th Indiana Infantry 
 and later commanded a brigade under Sher- 
 man. In March, 1865, he was made a 
 brevet brigadier general. After the Civil 
 War he returned to the practice of law. He 
 was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1880, but 
 was defeated for re-election in 1886. He 
 was elected to the Presidency in 1888, but 
 his views on civil service and other issues 
 soon set him at odds with party leaders, who 
 showed little enthusiasm for his renomina- 
 tion in 1892. He won the nomination but 
 was defeated by Grover Cleveland. After 
 leaving the White House, he resumed the 
 practice of law. Most of his publications 
 were collections of addresses, but This 
 Country of Ours was written for the Ladies' 
 Home Journal at the suggestion of Edward 
 Bok. 
 
 Public Papers and Addresses . 
 ington, 1893. 
 
 , Wash- 
 
277 
 
 Harrison, W. H. 
 
 The Constitution and Administration of the 
 United States of America, London, 1897. 
 
 This Country of Ours, New York, 1897. 
 
 Views of an Ex-President . . . , (Mary Lord 
 Harrison, comp.), Indianapolis, [1901]. 
 
 HARRISON, CHARLES JAMES (Aug. 20, 
 1828-Feb. 15, 1915), educator, was born 
 in New Brunswick, Canada. In 1848, after 
 receiving a certificate from Sunbury Gram- 
 mar School, he came to Clermont County, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 He taught school in Owensville, was county 
 school examiner, and was a principal in 
 Owensville and Perintown. He was county 
 auditor, 1874-76. The volume below is a 
 collection of verse and prose. 
 Tracadie and Other Writings. Cincinnati, 
 1894. 
 
 HARRISON, JOHN POLLARD (1796-1849), 
 physician, born in Louisville, Ky.. came to 
 Cincinnati in 1835 at the invitation of 
 Daniel Drake (q.v.) to teach in his medical 
 school. He remained after the school closed 
 in 1839, and in 1841 he joined the faculty 
 of the Medical College of Ohio. He pub- 
 lished, in addition to the title below, a two- 
 volume Materia Medica. He died of cholera. 
 Essays and Lectures on Medical Subjects, 
 Philadelphia, 1835. 
 
 HARRISON, JOHN SMITH (Feb. 3, 1877- 
 ), educator, born in Orange, N. L, and 
 educated at Columbia University (A.B., 
 1899; Ph.D., 1903), served on the English 
 faculty of Kenyon College, 1903-16. He 
 later taught at Butler University, 1916-46, 
 and now lives in Louisville, Ky. His writ- 
 ings include The Teachers of Emerson, 
 New York, 1910. WW 26 
 
 HARRISON, JONATHAN RAXTER (1835- 
 1907), clergyman, was born in Ohio. He 
 was ordained as a Unitarian minister in 
 1860. His residence was in Franklin Falls, 
 N. H. 
 
 Certain Dangerous Tendencies in American 
 Life, and Other Papers, Boston, 1880. 
 
 The Condition of Niagara Falls . . . , New 
 York, 1882. 
 
 Notes on Industrial Conditions, Franklin 
 Falls, N. H., 1886. 
 
 The Latest Studies on Indian Reservations, 
 Philadelphia, 1887. 
 
 The Colleges and the Indians, and the In- 
 dian Rights Association, Philadelphia, 
 1888. 
 
 HARRISON, JOSEPH T. (May 1, 1853- 
 Nov. 28, 1940), lawyer, was born in Scio, 
 Harrison County. He taught school while 
 
 attending Scio College, from which he grad- 
 uated in 1875, and while studying in the 
 law school of Cincinnati College, from which 
 he graduated in 1878. After his admission to 
 the bar, he practiced in Cincinnati. He wrote 
 an account of life in the valleys of eastern 
 Ohio: The Story of the Dining Fork, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1927. 
 
 HARRISON, THOMAS (Jan. 19, 1813-April 
 18, 1903), was born in Yorkshire, England. 
 Around 1825 he was brought to Springfield, 
 where he was employed as a printer, a 
 tutor, and a music teacher. In 1837 he 
 bought a part interest in the Springfield 
 Pioneer, which he edited for a number of 
 years. He taught in the Ohio Conference 
 High School in Springfield and was one of 
 the founders of the Linden Hill Academy 
 in nearby New Carlisle. When that insti- 
 tution was closed during the Civil War, he 
 moved to Indiana. He died in Shelbyville, 
 Ind. 
 Music Simplified: Or a New System of 
 
 Music . . . , Springfield, 1839. 
 A New Mode of Illustrating Elocution . . . , 
 
 Shelbyville, Ind., 1874. 
 
 HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (Feb. 9, 
 1773-April 4, 1841), ninth President of the 
 United States, was born in Charles City 
 County, Va. He studied medicine briefly 
 in 1790, and the following year he entered 
 the army as an ensign. He served under 
 Anthony Wayne at the Battle of Fallen 
 Timbers. In 1795, while on garrison duty 
 at North Bend, Hamilton County, he mar- 
 ried Anna Symmes, daughter of Judge 
 John C. Symmes. He resigned from the 
 army in 1798 and was appointed secretary 
 of the Northwest Territory. In 1800 he was 
 made governor of Indiana and negotiated 
 numerous treaties with the Indians. In Octo- 
 ber of 1811, at Tippecanoe, he led a body of 
 soldiers against Indians who had been 
 roused to action by Tecumseh. During the 
 War of 1812 he commanded the Army of 
 the Northwest, and in October of 1813, de- 
 feated a force of British and Indians at the 
 Battle of the Thames. In 1814 he resigned 
 from the army and returned to North Bend 
 to operate his large farm. He served in 
 the House of Representatives, 1817-19, 
 and in the Senate, 1825-28. He was ap- 
 pointed minister to Colombia, but was re- 
 called by President Jackson after a few 
 months. The resultant controversy was the 
 occasion of the publication listed below. In 
 1839 he also prepared A Discourse on the 
 Aborigines of the Ohio Valley . . . for the 
 Historical and Philosophical Society of 
 Ohio; it was reprinted in 1883. The Presi- 
 
Harrold 
 
 278 
 
 dential campaign of 1840, which extolled 
 the wealthy farmer of North Bend as the 
 log cabin and hard cider candidate, is often 
 considered the beginning of modern polit- 
 ical campaigning. Exhausted by the rigors 
 of the campaign, President Harrison died 
 a month after his inauguration. 
 Remarks of General Harrison . . . , Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1830. 
 
 HARROLD, CHARLES FREDERICK (Sept. 
 22, 1897-July 10, 1948), educator, was 
 born in Barnesville, Belmont County. He 
 graduated from Ohio State University in 
 1920 and from Yale University (Ph.D.) in 
 1925. After teaching at Michigan State 
 Normal School, 1925-43, he joined the 
 Ohio State faculty. He was engaged in an 
 extensive study of John Henry Newman 
 at the time of his death. He also wrote 
 Carlyle and German Thought . . . , New 
 Haven, Conn.. 1934. DAS 1 
 
 HARRY, JOSEPH EDWARD (Oct. 1. 1863- 
 Aug. 12, 1949), was born in Hartford 
 County, Md. He graduated from Johns 
 Hopkins University (A.B., 1886; Ph.D., 
 1889). He was professor of Greek, 1900- 
 16, and dean of the Graduate School, 1906- 
 16, at the University of Cincinnati. Besides 
 magazine articles, translations, and text- 
 books, he published Dogs and Dogs, New 
 York, 1927. WWW 2 
 
 HARSHMAN, SAMUEL RUFUS (Nov. 30, 
 1841-Sept. 19, 1912?), clergyman, was 
 born in Trumbull County. He attended Al- 
 legheny College and Illinois College. He 
 taught school, 1856-64, and was a Metho- 
 dist clergyman, 1864-69. In 1869 he be- 
 came an evangelist. He published at least 
 two volumes of sermons and a Biblical 
 commentary. His autobiography was pub- 
 lished posthumously: Memoirs of Samuel 
 Rufus Harshman . . . , [Akron], 1914. 
 
 HART, ALBERT BUSHNELL (July 1, 
 1854-June 16, 1943), educator and histo- 
 rian, was born in Clarksville, Pa. His par- 
 ents moved to Cleveland shortly after his 
 birth. He graduated from Harvard Univer- 
 sity in 1880 and from the University of 
 Freiburg (Ph.D.) in 1883. He served on 
 the history faculty at Harvard, 1883-1926. 
 A highly prolific writer, he wrote a number 
 of textbooks and compiled many source 
 books that are not listed below. 
 The Coercive Powers of the Government of 
 
 the United States of America, Eisenach, 
 
 1885. 
 Plans of the Union, 1696-1780, New York, 
 
 1894. 
 
 Proposals to Amend the Articles of Con- 
 federation, New York, 1896. 
 
 Salmon Portland Chase, Boston, [1899]. 
 
 Colonial Children, (with Blanche E. 
 Hazard), New York, 1901. 
 
 The Foundations of American Foreign Pol- 
 icy . . . , New York, 1901. 
 
 How Our Grandfathers Lived, (with Annie 
 Bliss Chapman), New York, 1902. 
 
 Actual Government As Applied under 
 American Conditions, New York, 1903. 
 
 The Romance of the Civil War, (with Eliza- 
 beth Stevens), New York, 1903. 
 
 Slavery and Abolition . . . , New York, 
 1906. 
 
 National Ideals Historically Traced, 1607- 
 1907, New York, 1907. 
 
 The Southern South, New York, 1910. 
 
 The Obvious Orient, New York, 1911. 
 
 School Books and International Prejudices, 
 New York, 1911. 
 
 The War in Europe, Its Causes and Results, 
 New York, 1914. 
 
 The Monroe Doctrine, an Interpretation, 
 Boston, 1916. 
 
 America at War . . . , New York, 1918. 
 
 George Washington, Chicago, 1927. 
 
 In Our Times, (with John Gould Curtis), 
 New York, 1927. 
 
 Washington as President, Washington, D. C, 
 1931. 
 
 Washington, the Man of Mind, Washing- 
 ton, D. C, 1931. 
 
 Race Elements in Washington's Time, Bos- 
 ton, 1932. 
 
 We and Our History; A Biography of the 
 American People . . . , New York, 1933. 
 
 HART, CYRUS WADSWORTH (?-?), was 
 born in Kensington, Conn., but was long 
 a resident of Fox Township, Carroll 
 County. "The peddler, the preacher, the 
 lawyer, a lover of music, a philosopher, 
 and an admirer of the fair sex"; thus did 
 G. D. Hunt (q.v.) describe this picturesque 
 character, concerning whom very little else 
 is known. The texts of his pamphlets and 
 many articles in Salem newspapers dis- 
 close that he was a frequent and unsuccess- 
 ful office-seeker, one who bombarded the 
 voters with copies of his essays in lieu of 
 the more common types of campaign litera- 
 ture. The third title below was published 
 under the pen name "A member of the 
 bar." 
 
 Political Dissertations and Essays, and a 
 Third and Concluding Epistle to a De- 
 parted Spirit . . . , New Lisbon, 1819. 
 Colloquy on the Immortality of the Soul, 
 with an Essay on Prudence, to Which Is 
 Added a Love Touch, Steubenville, 1830. 
 Essay on Industry, and Biographical 
 
279 
 
 Hartzell 
 
 Sketches of Theophilus Radcliff and 
 Emma Jones, Steubenville, 1833. 
 
 Imaginary Philosophical Debate, on the 
 Question Which Has the Greater Influ- 
 ence over Human Kind, Money or Love?, 
 [Steubenville], 1843. 
 
 Selections from the Philosophical, Polemi- 
 cal, Amatory, Moral, and Other Works 
 of Cyrus Wadsworth Hart, the Lawyer, 
 and the Preacher. Partly in Prose, and 
 Partly in Verse, Cincinnati, 1844. 
 
 HART, HASTINGS HORNELL (Dec. 14, 
 1851-May 9, 1932), social worker, was 
 born in Brookfield, Trumbull County. He 
 graduated from Cleveland Institute in 1867, 
 from Oberlin College in 1875, and from 
 Andover Seminary in 1880. After three 
 years in the Congregational ministry, he 
 turned to social work and served as direc- 
 tor of or consultant to various institutions 
 and foundations. His major interest was 
 penology. His writings include The Restora- 
 tion of the Criminal, Boston, [1923]. DAB 
 21 
 
 HART, JAMES MORGAN (Nov. 2, 1839- 
 April 18, 1916), philologist, was on the 
 faculty of the University of Cincinnati, 
 1876-90. Although most of his writing was 
 in the form of book reviews, articles, and 
 textbooks, he published a recollection of 
 his two years' study abroad: German Uni- 
 versities: A Narrative of Personal Experience 
 . . . , New York, 1874. 
 
 HARTER, JOSEPH (March 24, 1837-Oct. 
 23, 1913), was born in Baden, Germany. 
 In 1855 he came to Tiffin, Seneca County, 
 where he operated a stonecutting and mar- 
 ble shop for many years. He published a 
 small volume expressing his philosophy of 
 life: The World's Career; Or, a Journey 
 with the World, Tiffin, [1903]. 
 
 HARTMAN, FRANK (Feb. 1, 1881-April 
 25, 1945), clergyman, was born in Nap- 
 panee, Ind. He served as pastor of Presby- 
 terian churches in Indiana, Kentucky, Ten- 
 nessee, Wisconsin, and Ohio. While at New 
 Richmond, Clermont County, he was a 
 founder of the Writers' League of Greater 
 Cincinnati. He published his own poems 
 and those of others on a press that he 
 operated himself. His collections of verse 
 include The Wine of Life, New Richmond, 
 1928. 
 
 HARTMAN, HENRY G. (1877-Jan. 3, 
 1952), educator, was born in Woodhaven, 
 Long Island, N. Y. He graduated from the 
 Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and from 
 
 Columbia University (Ph.D.). He served 
 on the philosophy faculty, University of 
 Cincinnati, 1912-45. His death occurred in 
 Miami, Fla. His writings include Aesthetics 
 . . . , Columbus, 1919. 
 
 HARTMANN, RAYE (March 15, 1876- ), 
 educator, was born in Mansfield, Richland 
 County, and attended the public schools of 
 that community. She taught in Ohio schools 
 for a number of years before moving to the 
 West. Her last address in Ohioana files is 
 Portland, Oreg. She specialized in "name- 
 psychology," and wrote a book on the sub- 
 ject: Your Name and Your Personality, 
 Boston, [1936]. 
 
 HARTNESS, JAMES (Sept. 3, 1861-Feb. 2, 
 1934), tool designer, born in Schenectady, 
 N. Y., lived in Cleveland from 1863 to 
 1882. A gifted tool builder, he later lived 
 in Vermont, where he served as governor, 
 1921-23. He wrote numerous technical 
 articles and several books, e.g., The Human 
 Factor in Works Management . . . , New 
 York, 1912. DAB 21 
 
 HARTWELL, MRS. DICKSON JAY. See 
 
 Ruth Adams Knight. 
 
 HARTWELL, JESSE (1772-Nov. 21, 1860), 
 clergyman, was converted to the Baptist 
 church at the age of sixteen and began 
 preaching when he was eighteen. In 1815 he 
 was sent to Ohio and Pennsylvania as a 
 missionary, and in 1827 he came from New 
 Marlboro, Mass., to settle in Perry, Lake 
 County. In 1836 he donated the site for a 
 Baptist church in Perry, and, though never 
 formally chosen its pastor, he often preached 
 there. His book, which turns a portion of 
 the Bible into iambic pentameter, was prob- 
 ably circulated only among members and 
 friends of the Perry Church and is now 
 exceedingly rare. 
 The Wars of Michael and the Dragon: Or, 
 
 a Succinct Versification of the Bible 
 
 . . . , Painesville, 1845. 
 
 HARTZELL, JOSIAH (Sept. 7, 1833-Nov. 
 11, 1914), lawyer and journalist, was born 
 in Deerfield, Portage County. After gradu- 
 ating from Amherst College in 1854, he 
 read law in Toledo and in Davenport, Iowa. 
 He was admitted to the bar in Iowa, prac- 
 ticed for two years, and came to Canton 
 in 1858 to conduct the Republican, a news- 
 paper that became the Canton Repository 
 and Republican in 1868. In 1874 he sold 
 his newspaper and became manager of ad- 
 vertising and printing for Aultman and 
 Company. He also served as postmaster of 
 
Hartzler 
 
 280 
 
 Canton, 1865-69, and as a member of the 
 Ohio Board of Health. Besides the title 
 below, he wrote numerous magazine articles. 
 Sketch of the Life of Mrs. William Mc- 
 Kinley, Washington, D. C, 1896. 
 
 HARTZLER, JOHN ELLSWORTH (Feb. 2, 
 1879- ), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Ligonier, Ind. He served as a 
 Mennonite minister and was president of 
 Witmarsum Theological Seminary, Bluffton, 
 1921-31. He published Education among 
 the Mennonites of America, [Danvers, 111., 
 1925]. His residence is now in Goshen, 
 Ind. WWNAA 7 
 
 HARTZOG, WILLIAM BENJAMIN (May 
 
 29, 1863-July 12, 1945), clergyman, was 
 born in Willshire Township, Van Wert 
 County. A graduate of Ohio Northern Uni- 
 versity and Union Bible Seminary, he was 
 ordained to the ministry of the Baptist 
 Church in 1887 and served a number of 
 pastorates in Ohio and Michigan until his 
 retirement in 1926. He died at Mason, Mich. 
 He wrote numerous pamphlets and books 
 on religious themes, e.g., Ancient Masters 
 and Jesus, Cleveland, [1905]. 
 
 HARVEY, MARION (July 16, 1900- ), 
 lawyer, born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, lived 
 in Cleveland for 22 years. A graduate of 
 Hunter College and Cleveland Law School, 
 she was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1931. 
 She now lives in Los Angeles. She has pub- 
 lished a number of mystery stories, e.g., 
 The Clue of the Clock, New York, [1929]. 
 
 HARVEY, ORLANDO EMERY (Nov. 14, 
 1887-Nov. 27, 1952), physician, was born 
 in Monroeville, Ind. After graduating from 
 Starling Medical College in 1912, he prac- 
 ticed in Ohio City and Van Wert. A special- 
 ist in tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 
 he was superintendent of the state sani- 
 tarium at Lima, 1931-38, and lived in 
 Lima after his retirement. He published 
 Bouquets of Rhyme: Variegated Nuances of 
 Lyrical Diapason, New York, 1938. BDCP 
 
 HARVEY, THOMAS WADLEIGH (Dec. 18, 
 1821-Jan. 20, 1892), educator, was born in 
 London, N. H., but grew up in Lake County, 
 where his parents moved in 1833. After at- 
 tending Western Reserve College in Hudson, 
 he taught in Chardon, Massillon, and Paines- 
 ville. He also served as state school examiner 
 and as commissioner of common schools. 
 After the publication of his first textbook, 
 Harvey's English Grammar in 1868, he 
 wrote a number of others, which were widely 
 used. He died in Painesville. 
 
 HARVEY, WILLIAM HOPE (Aug. 16, 
 1851-Feb. 11, 1936), reformer and pro- 
 moter, was born in Virginia but prac- 
 ticed law in Ohio for two brief periods: in 
 Cleveland, 1876-79, and in Gallipolis, 1881- 
 84. He acquired mining interests in the 
 West and became an advocate of free silver. 
 In 1893 he began Coin's Financial Series in 
 Chicago. His most widely read pamphlet 
 was Coin's Financial School, Chicago, 
 [1894]. 
 
 HARVEY, WILLIAM PENN (Nov. 16, 
 1828-Sept. 17, 1917), was born in Ogden, 
 Clinton County. A member of the Society 
 of Friends, he operated a farm in Clinton 
 County and also worked with the Salvation 
 Army in Columbus. Some of his sermons 
 were published, as well as Harvey's Poems, 
 Columbus, 1907. 
 
 HASKELL, HENRY JOSEPH (March 8, 
 1874-Aug. 20, 1952), journalist, was born 
 in Huntington, Lorain County. He gradu- 
 ated from Oberlin College in 1896 and 
 joined the staff of the Kansas City, Mo., 
 Star two years later. In 1928 he was named 
 editor of the Star, and in 1933 he won the 
 Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing. He pub- 
 lished The New Deal in Old Rome . . . , 
 New York, 1939. WWW 3 
 
 HASSAUREK, FREDERICK (Oct. 8, 1832- 
 Oct. 3, 1885) was born in Vienna, Austria. 
 He came to Cincinnati in 1849, where he 
 was employed on the Ohio Staatszeitung, 
 and the following year established the 
 weekly Der Hochwachter, which he sold 
 after several years of successful manage- 
 ment. He was admitted to the bar in 1857, 
 built up a substantial practice, and took a 
 deep interest in the politics of the day. 
 Politically he was considered something of 
 a flaming radical, but he became one of 
 the founding fathers of the Republican Party 
 in Cincinnati and was one of its most 
 sought-after speakers; as he grew older, his 
 early socialism virtually disappeared. He 
 served as minister resident to Ecuador, 
 1861-65. On returning to Cincinnati he be- 
 came a partner in the Tdgliches Volksblatt. 
 Four Years among Spanish-Americans, 
 
 New York, 1867. 
 Gedichte, Cincinnati, [1877]. 
 The Secret of the Andes: A Romance, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1879. 
 
 HASTINGS, JAMES SYME (June 3, 1870- 
 June 3, 1921), journalist, was born in 
 Lowell, Mass. After attending McGill Uni- 
 versity, he went to Cumberland, Md., where 
 he edited a small newspaper called Uncle 
 
281 
 
 Hastings, L. W. 
 
 Sam. He served as a correspondent for the 
 Washington Times during the Spanish-Ameri- 
 can War, and in 1900 was sent to Cincinnati 
 by John R. McLean (q.v. ) to be exchange 
 editor for the Cincinnati Enquirer. His hu- 
 mor in editing exchange material soon won 
 for him a column of his own composition, 
 and as "Luke McLuke" he became a widely 
 known and widely read newspaper humorist. 
 His column "Bits of Byplay." started in De- 
 cember of 1911, was syndicated and ap- 
 peared in papers throughout the country. 
 His death occurred in Cincinnati. At least 
 three collections of his humorous writings 
 were published, e.g., Luke McLuke's Phi- 
 losophy, [Cincinnati], 1914. 
 
 HASTINGS, LANSFORD WARREN (c.1818- 
 1870). author of one of the rarest books 
 published in Ohio and historically one of 
 the most important, was probably born in 
 Knox County. Some yet-inconclusive evi- 
 dence indicates that he may have been in 
 Durham, N. C. at an early age: at any 
 rate, he comes within Clio's sharp purview 
 in 1842. when the records show him as a 
 personable, energetic, and ambitious youth 
 of 24, residing in Mount Vernon, and a 
 member of the Ohio bar. His mind was 
 filled with grandiose ideas, and he saw in 
 the Far West his land of opportunity. He 
 may have attended the public lectures on 
 Oregon given by Indian agent Elijah White 
 in Milan, and certainly he had no immunity 
 to the Oregon fever that was in its incipiency 
 in the Ohio country. Hastings threw in his 
 lot with the 1842 overland migration, con- 
 sisting of some 160 persons under the 
 leadership of Dr. White. After only a few 
 days on the trail White was deposed as 
 captain of the train, and Hastings was elected 
 in his stead. At Fort Laramie, Thomas Fitz- 
 patrick, an experienced mountain man. was 
 engaged as guide. When, at Independence 
 Rock, Hastings was captured by a large 
 band of Sioux. Fitzpatrick adroitly secured 
 his release. Hastings reached Oregon early 
 in October and promptly found scope for 
 his talents by collaborating with Dr. John 
 McLaughlin, the "Father of Oregon." For 
 him Hastings laid out Oregon City — the 
 first American town on the Pacific coast — 
 and performed various legal services in 
 connection therewith. During the winter he 
 proposed before the Pioneer Lyceum the 
 resolution: "It is expedient for the settlers 
 on this coast to establish an independent 
 government." Plainly Hastings had filibus- 
 tering activities in mind, and he won the 
 debate; but in the spring the Provisional 
 Government was erected, and our adventurer, 
 seeing more fertile fields to the south, led 
 
 a party of Oregon emigrants into California, 
 where he was cordially received by Captain 
 Sutter. The Texas Revolution and the in- 
 dependent republic established there gave 
 Hastings' schemes a precedent: Could not 
 California, too, be wrested from Mexico? 
 In 1843 there was a meager population of 
 disaffected Americans; if the number could 
 be sufficiently increased, a revolution might 
 readily establish an independent government 
 with himself at its head. Hastings set about 
 writing the first guidebook to California 
 and became that region's first press agent. 
 It is doubtful that the state has ever had a 
 more able proponent. Hastings returned to 
 Ohio in the summer of 1844. To raise the 
 necessary funds to put his book in print, 
 he lectured on California and on temper- 
 ance. His work appeared as The Emigrants' 
 Guide to Oregon and California. It had a 
 ready sale, and subsequent editions, some 
 under variant titles, appeared in 1847, 1848, 
 1849. 1852. and 1857. A facsimile of the 
 original 1845 edition was published in 1932 
 with a splendid introduction by C. H. 
 Carey. Hastings' purpose was to induce a 
 large emigration to California in 1846. He 
 succeeded eminently. Meanwhile, late in 
 1845, he had led a small party to the 
 coast, arriving at Sutter's Fort on Christmas 
 day. In January of 1846 he joined John 
 Bidwell in laying out Sutterville, part of 
 present Sacramento. He also had a con- 
 nection with the Mormons through Sam 
 Brannan, and laid out Montezuma. Fearing 
 the Oregon settlements might attract the 
 oncoming emigration, he decided to meet 
 the emigrants on the trail at Fort Bridger 
 and turn them from Oregon into California. 
 Kit Carson had led Fremont across the Salt 
 Deseit the year before — a shorter but hor- 
 rendous route — and Hastings determined to 
 try it. He was accompanied by Hudspeth 
 and Clyman and got through to the Oregon 
 Trail, there to encourage the emigrants to 
 follow the shortcut that took his name, 
 Hastings' Cutoff. It had never been traveled 
 by wagons before and was seldom traveled 
 again. Hudspeth guided the Bryant com- 
 pany, and Hastings took in charge the Har- 
 lan-Young train. But members of the Donner 
 party who followed along behind picked at 
 the bones of their loved ones in the frozen 
 Sierras. The new California settlers in- 
 sured the end of the Mexican regime, but 
 Hastings' dream of ruling a new republic 
 faded in the light of on-coming events. He 
 joined the volunteers under Fremont, and 
 soon California was in American hands. In 
 1847^8 Hastings practiced law at San 
 Francisco, where he bought town lots. He 
 married Charlotte Catherine Toler, daughter 
 
Hastings, R. B. 
 
 282 
 
 of Hopeful Toler. In 1849 he was elected 
 a delegate to the State Constitutional Con- 
 vention, taking part in the debates and 
 utilizing his geographical knowledge in es- 
 tablishing the boundaries. In the 1850s he 
 continued his law practice in California, 
 notably at Sacramento, and was involved 
 in land projects in Mexico. In 1860 he went 
 with his family to Yuma, Ariz., where he 
 lived several years. According to Arizona 
 census records, in 1860 he gave his age as 
 42, his profession as lawyer, the value of 
 his real estate as $6,000, and the place of 
 his birth as Ohio. At this time his wife was 
 31, and they had five children: William W., 
 Isabel V., Irving B., Amelia L., and Henry 
 T., all born in California. Always grasping 
 at the distant star, Hastings espoused the 
 Confederate cause during the War between 
 the States. He conceived a grand military 
 plan to seize Arizona and New Mexico for 
 the Confederacy with troops he would raise 
 in California. Although he went to Rich- 
 mond to lay the project before President 
 Davis, he failed to win the necessary sup- 
 port. His wife died, and he left his daughter 
 Isabel at a convent in Benicia. After the 
 war he went to Brazil to locate lands for 
 a Confederate colony. Upon his return to 
 Mobile, Ala., in 1867, he published his 
 Emigrant's Guide to Brazil, also now an 
 extremely rare volume. He successfully 
 conducted one shipload of colonists to the 
 new haven. In 1870, the day before sailing 
 with another group, he remarried, and his 
 wife accompanied him on the second voyage, 
 during the course of which L. W. Hastings 
 died. The Brazilian colony did not long 
 survive him. 
 
 Charles Eberstadt 
 
 The Emigrants' Guide to Oregon and Cali- 
 fornia, Containing Scenes and Incidents 
 of a Party of Oregon Emigrants . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1845. 
 
 The Emigrant's Guide to Brazil, [Mobile?, 
 1867?]. 
 
 HASTINGS, ROSETTA BUTLER (Aug. 5, 
 1844-July 16, 1934), was born in Fairfield 
 County, but spent most of her life in Kan- 
 sas, where her father, a Disciples of Christ 
 minister and an abolitionist, moved around 
 1850. She graduated from Manhattan State 
 Agricultural College, taught school, and 
 married Rev. Z. S. Hastings, a Disciples 
 minister. She died in Atchison, Kan. She 
 published poems in various periodicals and 
 Coffin Nails, the Story of Jane McGregor, 
 Clay Center, Kan., [1908]. 
 
 HATCH, WILLIAM STANLEY (1789-Dec. 
 9, 1872), was born in Tolland, Conn. He 
 
 came to Cincinnati in 1804 to live with an 
 uncle, William Stanley, a merchant. He 
 later became a partner in the business. He 
 served in the War of 1812 from May to 
 September, 1812. 
 A Chapter of the History of the War of 
 
 1812 in the Northwest . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1872. 
 
 HATCHER, HARLAN HENTHORNE (Sept. 
 9, 1898- ), educator, was born in Iron- 
 ton, Lawrence County. When he became 
 president of the University of Michigan in 
 1951, his succession to this high office was 
 significant not only for the state of Michi- 
 gan but also for the state of Ohio. Prior to 
 that time, his life and work had been so 
 closely integrated with his native state as 
 to have become a part of its educational 
 and cultural fabric. Throughout Ohio he 
 was chiefly known as a man of letters. Yet 
 for nearly a quarter of a century he had 
 ably filled the responsibilities of professor, 
 dean, and vice-president at Ohio State Uni- 
 versity. A descendant of pioneer stock in 
 southern Ohio, he had as a boy roamed the 
 hills on either side of the Beautiful River 
 and watched with fascination the steamers 
 and barges that plied its waters. He at- 
 tended public schools in Ohio and Kentucky 
 before enlisting as a private in the army in 
 1918. Mustered out at the end of World 
 War I, he entered Ohio State University, 
 where he graduated in 1922. He received 
 his M.A. in 1923 and his Ph.D. in 1927 
 from the same institution. Immediately after 
 his graduation in 1922 he was appointed 
 instructor in English at Ohio State. In the 
 same year he married Frank Wilson Colfax, 
 who died after several happy years. He was 
 an excellent teacher, and his work earned 
 him recognition. In 1928 he was made as- 
 sistant professor, and in 1932 he acquired 
 his full professorship at the age of 34. But 
 in addition to his love of teaching he had 
 the urge to write. In 1928 he published 
 The Versification of Robert Browning. This 
 was followed in 1931 by his first novel, 
 Tunnel Hill, and in 1934 by another novel, 
 Patterns of Wolfpen. Three years later came 
 Central Standard Time. In the main these 
 works reflected his love for and his in- 
 creasing knowledge of his native state. Dur- 
 ing his graduate study he had traveled in 
 Europe, but Ohio was his field, and year 
 by year he absorbed its legends and traced 
 its geography until he had become a living 
 encyclopedia of Buckeye lore. After pub- 
 lishing a study, Creating the Modern Amer- 
 ican Novel, he turned his attention to 
 writing about Ohio itself; The Buckeye 
 Country, A Pageant of Ohio appeared in 
 
283 
 
 Havighurst, W. 
 
 1940. By this time, however, the United 
 States had gone to war again, and again 
 Harlan Hatcher put on the uniform, the 
 uniform of the Navy. He continued on ac- 
 tive duty until 1944 when, by special ar- 
 rangement, he was placed on inactive duty 
 in order that he might assume the deanship 
 of the College of Arts and Sciences at Ohio 
 State. The postwar problems of the uni- 
 versities were beginning to loom large in 
 
 1944, so the assumption of this post con- 
 tinued his war service in a very significant 
 way. Recognition of his effectiveness came 
 in 1948 when he was made vice-president 
 of the University in charge of faculty. In 
 the early years of the war he married 
 Anne Gregory Vance; two children, Robert 
 Leslie and Anne Linda, now contribute to 
 a delightful family life. Anne Gregory's 
 easy competence has added greatly to the 
 effectiveness of the family team in his 
 administrative capacities. Heavy as his ad- 
 ministrative duties were during the postwar 
 period, Harlan Hatcher's zeal for creative 
 writing drove him on to continued produc- 
 tivity. He wrote The Great Lakes in 1944 
 and Lake Erie (Great Lakes Series) in 
 
 1945. The Western Reserve, the Story of 
 New Connecticut in Ohio appeared in 1949. 
 A year later he published A Century of 
 Iron and Men. These, to date, are his major 
 literary works. He has, besides, published 
 many articles, both fictional and factual, 
 and has performed a vast amount of edi- 
 torial labor. He was editor of The Ohio 
 Guide in 1940, editor of Modern Con- 
 tinental, British and American Dramas, and 
 book editor of the Columbus Citizen. He 
 still publishes occasionally, but the duties 
 of a university president are usually heavy, 
 and the University of Michigan is no ex- 
 ception. He performs these duties with zest 
 and distinction and honors the institution 
 which honors him. Honors indeed have 
 come to Harlan Hatcher from many sources. 
 Nearly a score of colleges and universities 
 have conferred upon him honorary doctor- 
 ates. He has been decorated Commander 
 of the Netherlands Order of Orange-Nassau. 
 Thailand made him a Companion of the 
 Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant. 
 He is a Kentucky Colonel. Certain rivalries 
 between the University of Michigan and 
 Ohio State have long been observed. To be 
 taken from the vice presidency of Ohio 
 State to the presidency of Michigan was 
 recognition indeed. With no abatement in 
 his regard for Ohio State, Harlan Hatcher 
 has proudly carried the banner for Michi- 
 gan. Both schools and both states take pride 
 in his achievement. 
 
 Howard L. Bevis 
 
 HATHAWAY, MAURINE, lived for several 
 years in Cincinnati, where she was an ac- 
 tive member of the Cincinnati Pad and Pen 
 Club. She was a secretary in the narcotics 
 division of the U. S. Treasury Department, 
 where she heard a number of stories that 
 she recounted in Fire Castle, Cincinnati, 
 1922. She also published several books of 
 verse, e.g., Affinity, New York, [1914]. 
 
 HATHAWAY, WILLIAM E. (Aug. 23, 1844- 
 ? ), was born in Milan, Erie County. He 
 attended district schools and the Normal 
 School at Milan. In the 1860s he lived in 
 Chicago, where he operated a grocery store 
 and edited a Quaker magazine, Herald of 
 Peace. After the Chicago fire, he settled 
 in Cincinnati, where he edited a monthly 
 publication for the Children's Home and 
 lectured on temperance and other subjects. 
 The book below was published under the 
 pen name Reisenden. 
 
 My Grandfather's Old Coat: A Political 
 Allegory, Cincinnati, 1873. 
 
 HAVENS, MUNSON ALDRICH (March 24, 
 1873-Jan. 15, 1942), was born in Washing- 
 ton, D. C. After graduating from Oberlin 
 College in 1893, he was a journalist for 
 five years, and in 1898 became an official 
 of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, 
 an organization with which he was associ- 
 ated for many years. He died at Delroy, 
 Fla. He published a life of Horace Walpole 
 and a novel: Old Valentines . . . , Boston, 
 1914. WWO 
 
 HAVIGHURST, MARION BOYD, was born 
 in Marietta, Washington County, and now 
 lives in Oxford, where her husband, Walter 
 Havighurst (q.v.), is a member of the 
 English faculty. A graduate of Smith Col- 
 lege, she taught English at Miami, 1926-33. 
 She has published a mystery novel: Murder 
 in the Stacks, Boston, 1934, and a collec- 
 tion of poetry: Silver Wands, New Haven, 
 [Conn.], 1923. She has recently collaborated 
 with her husband on several books for 
 young readers, e.g., Song of the Pines, Phila- 
 delphia, [1949]. WO 1 
 
 HAVIGHURST, WALTER (Nov. 28, 1901- 
 ), was born in Appleton, Wis., and grew 
 up there and in Decatur, 111. An Ohioan 
 by choice, he has won the rewards of dis- 
 tinguished achievement in three fields of 
 writing, in addition to those of his pro- 
 fession as a university teacher. He entered 
 Ohio's field of magnetism when he became 
 a student at Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1919. He took his bachelor's degree at the 
 University of Denver in 1924, and did 
 
Havighurst, W. 
 
 284 
 
 graduate work at King's College, University 
 of London, and at Columbia University; but 
 he returned to Ohio in 1928 to become a 
 teacher at Miami University, where he is 
 now a professor of English. He married 
 Marion Boyd in 1930 (see Marion B. Havig- 
 hurst). Havighurst's first novel, Pier 17 
 (1935), treated material representative of 
 the economic conflict of the 1930s — a strike 
 on the Seattle waterfront. It was remarkable 
 as a first novel for its breadth of sympathetic 
 characterization and for its power in de- 
 picting violent action. The year 1937, how- 
 ever, marked Havighurst's entry into the 
 two literary fields in which he has won 
 highest distinction, by the publication of 
 two books: a novel rich in Ohio history, 
 and a piece of historical writing with a 
 wider, but still regional, theme. Ohio's Lake 
 Erie shore is in the title of The Quiet 
 Shore and in the tissue of the novel as a 
 setting significant and warmly realized. The 
 story is that of a family through three gen- 
 erations. Truly memorable characterization 
 — especially of the vigorous founder of the 
 clan and of his mentally afflicted spinster 
 daughter — and a rich sense of the regional 
 past are elements which make this book 
 well worth rereading. The Upper Mississippi 
 was one of the first written in the now 
 extensive and well-known "Rivers of Amer- 
 ica Series." As originally projected by Con- 
 stance Lindsay Skinner, the "Rivers" books 
 were widely varied in plan and content. 
 In Havighurst's hands, the story of the 
 Upper Mississippi became essentially that 
 of the occupation of the Upper Mississippi 
 region by settlers from the Scandinavian 
 countries. This story he told with much 
 richness of concrete detail and with deep 
 perception of the human drama which 
 marked in all its phases the westward move- 
 ment of which this migration was a part. 
 In 1944 Havighurst published a second ver- 
 sion of The Upper Mississippi, revised and 
 amplified "to make this volume fit the shape 
 of the series as it has evolved." Meanwhile 
 he had used fruits of his researches in 
 preparation of this first work of history in 
 the substance of his third and one of his 
 finest novels: The Winds of Spring (1940). 
 The story begins in Sweden and carries a 
 nobly-born amateur scientist and artist, and 
 the fisherman's daughter whom he marries, 
 through their long lives as settlers in a 
 community of Scandinavian farmers on the 
 Wisconsin frontier. Though its wide range 
 of firmly realized characters tends to weaken 
 the unity of this book, it is a work of per- 
 suasive richness and unquestionable in- 
 tegrity. Havighurst's next novel, No Home- 
 ward Course (1941), is his least satisfying. 
 
 In a way, it, too, exemplifies his character- 
 istic fusion of history and fiction: the action 
 occurs on board a Nazi raider in the Carib- 
 bean in the first years of World War II, 
 but the demands of a complicated plot and 
 conventional characters of a romantic type 
 combine to rob the book of real validity. 
 The greater part of Havighurst's "extra- 
 curricular activity" — his work as a writer 
 — during the first half of the decade of the 
 1940s lay in the field of regional history 
 and found issue in two of his finest books: 
 The Long Ships Passing (1942), and Land 
 of Promise (1946). The first is a highly 
 successful attempt to bring to the reader's 
 imaginative experience something of the 
 richness and variety, the drama and color 
 and meaning, of the history of the Great 
 Lakes — a field of the highest importance, 
 and in 1942 one almost untouched by social 
 historians. There are chapters on mission- 
 aries and fur traders, on ships and cities, 
 on contemporary commerce and forgotten 
 tragedies. In Land of Promise, Havighurst 
 applied a similar method to the historical 
 background of a broadened field, the whole 
 of the old Northwest Territory. Its dramatic 
 presentations of historical characters are 
 especially fine. I find it hard to write with 
 restraint of these two books. They seem to 
 me to warrant most enthusiastic commenda- 
 tion for their boldness and clarity of design, 
 their vitality of style, their unfailing human 
 quality. Havighurst's finest novel is Signa- 
 ture of Time (1949). Here again Ohio 
 history is projected in the dramatic terms 
 of family experience and relationships. The 
 setting is fictional Hazard Island in Lake 
 Erie, and four generations of Hazards af- 
 ford the most interesting and convincing of 
 the novel's characters. To measure Havig- 
 hurst's growth as a writer, it is only necessary 
 to compare this work with the structurally 
 similar The Quiet Shore, published twelve 
 years earlier. The historical flashbacks are 
 introduced more smoothly and have more 
 body and drive. The contemporary scene 
 is more movingly rendered. The style has 
 gained in flexibility and force. As a spe- 
 cialist, of sorts, in the field of "regional 
 literature" for many years, I count Signa- 
 ture of Time one of the finest and most 
 satisfying regional novels of the last quar- 
 ter-century. Distinguished achievements in 
 his professional field of the teaching of 
 English, and in the difficult and important 
 one of fiction for young readers (in which 
 he has produced admirable books, combin- 
 ing history and character development, with 
 the able collaboration of his wife), round 
 out the career of Walter E. Havighurst — 
 a career which has established his position 
 
285 
 
 Hayden, W. C. 
 
 not only as a major contributor to the 
 literature of his adopted state, but as an 
 American writer of integrity, creative vision, 
 and steadily growing power. 
 
 John T. Frederick 
 
 HAWES, GEORGE EDWARD (Jan. 27, 
 1864-Sept. 22, 1937), clergyman, was born 
 in Fair Haven, Preble County. He gradu- 
 ated from Washington and Jefferson College 
 in 1885 and Pittsburgh Theological Semi- 
 nary in 1888. After being ordained to the 
 ministry of the United Presbyterian Church 
 in 1888, he served churches in Pennsylvania, 
 Oregon, and Florida. He published a num- 
 ber of articles and booklets, e.g., The Fresh 
 Air Child, New York, [1914]. WW 21 
 
 HAWKINS, THOMAS L. (1783-April 18, 
 1862), serio-comic poet, was born near Car- 
 rolton, Ky. In 1817 he came to Sandusky 
 County, where he was one of the incor- 
 porators of Fremont. General R. P. Buck- 
 land noted that when he opened his first law 
 office in Fremont in 1837, Hawkins had 
 made his office sign. In 1846 Henry Howe 
 (q.v. ) found him "an elderly gentleman" 
 and drew upon him for much of his infor- 
 mation on the siege of Fort Meigs, where 
 Hawkins had served as keeper of the maga- 
 zine. In Fremont he preached at the local 
 Methodist church and operated a cabinet- 
 maker's shop. As a cabinetmaker he spe- 
 cialized in the manufacture of washboards 
 and mops, to each of which was attached 
 a card bearing a poetic advertisement: 
 
 The wife that scrubs without a mop 
 
 Must bend her back full low, 
 And on her knees mop up the slop 
 
 And little comfort know. 
 And he who loves a cleanly wife, 
 
 And wants to keep her clean. 
 Would make her smile and end all strife 
 
 By buying this machine. 
 
 In 1856 he moved to Vinton, Iowa, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life. 
 
 The Poetic Miscellany, and World's Wonder, 
 Columbus, 1853. 
 
 HAY, JOHN MILTON (Oct. 8, 1838-July 
 1, 1905), born in Salem, Ind., and reared 
 in Warsaw, Ind., was a nominal resident 
 of Cleveland for almost ten years. After 
 acting as one of Lincoln's secretaries dur- 
 ing the Civil War and serving in the diplo- 
 matic service in Paris and Vienna, on Jan. 
 8, 1874, Hay married Clara L. Stone, 
 daughter of Amasa Stone, wealthy Cleve- 
 land industrialist and railroad builder. All 
 the evidence suggests that Hay was unhappy 
 in the home that Amasa Stone built for his 
 daughter on Euclid Avenue; in The Bread- 
 
 winners, New York, 1884, he describes a 
 pretentious, artificial society surrounded by 
 a vicious mob. Hay built a house in Wash- 
 ington in 1878 and lived there for two years 
 while serving as assistant secretary of state. 
 His father-in-law died May 11, 1883, and 
 soon afterward Hay left Cleveland forever. 
 His anonymous novel apparently had its 
 origin in the summer of 1877 while his 
 father-in-law was in Europe; a railroad 
 strike and the danger of mob violence 
 aroused the suspicion of labor leaders which 
 permeated The Breadwinners. The story was 
 first published in Century Magazine, and 
 although some readers guessed at the 
 identity of the author and the obvious 
 Cleveland setting would appear to indicate 
 it clearly, Hay never acknowledged the 
 book. 
 
 HAYDEN, AMOS SUTTON (Sept. 17, 1813- 
 Sept. 10, 1880), clergyman, was born in 
 Youngstown, Mahoning County. In 1828 he 
 was converted to the Disciples of Christ by 
 the preaching of Walter Scott (q.v.), and 
 at the age of nineteen he became an evangel- 
 ist. One of the founders of Western Reserve 
 Eclectic Institute, later Hiram College, he 
 served as its principal, 1850-57. He was 
 principal of McNeely Normal School, Hope- 
 dale, in 1858, and the next year he moved 
 to Collamer, where he spent the remainder 
 of his life. He composed several hymns and 
 compiled collections for use in churches 
 and camp meetings. 
 The Vision of Peace on Earth and Good 
 
 Will among Men, Eureka, III., 1869. 
 Early History of the Disciples in the West- 
 ern Reserve . . . , Cincinnati, 1875. 
 
 HAYDEN, MORGAN PARRITT (June 7, 
 1845-Nov. 17, 1928), clergyman, was born 
 in Deerfield, Portage County. After gradu- 
 ating from Hiram College in 1872, he was 
 ordained to the ministry of the Disciples 
 of Christ Church. After serving as a minis- 
 ter for a number of years, he joined the 
 faculty of Minneapolis Bible College, where 
 he also served as dean. His death occurred 
 in Minneapolis. 
 
 The Bible Key, Cincinnati, 1891. 
 Facts about Baptism, Cincinnati, [1899?]. 
 The Bible and Woman . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1902. 
 The Higher Criticisms . . . , Minneapolis, 
 
 1924. 
 
 HAYDEN, WARREN LUCE (May, 1835-July) 
 27, 1918), clergyman, was born in Deer- 
 field, Portage County. After graduating 
 from Williams College in 1861, he became 
 
Haydn, Hiram C. 
 
 286 
 
 a minister in the Disciples of Christ Church. 
 He served a church in Canton, but most 
 of his pastorates were in Pennsylvania. He 
 died in Indianapolis, Ind. Some of his ser- 
 mons were published in addition to the titles 
 listed below. 
 
 What Is the Christian Church?, [n.p., 1887]. 
 Church Polity . . . , Chicago, 1894. 
 Centennial Addresses Delivered in 1909, 
 Indianapolis, 1909. 
 
 HAYDN, HIRAM COLLINS (Dec. 11, 1831- 
 July 31, 1913), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Pompey, N. Y. He graduated 
 from Amherst College in 1856 and from 
 Union Theological Seminary in 1859. He 
 was ordained to the Congregational ministry 
 in 1862 and served churches in Meriden, 
 Conn., 1862-66, Painesville, 1866-71, and 
 Cleveland, 1872-1902. He was president 
 of Western Reserve University, 1887-90, 
 and afterward taught in the women's col- 
 lege of Western Reserve. In addition to the 
 titles below, he published a number of ser- 
 mons and edited a collection of biographies 
 of missionaries. 
 
 Lay Effort; Its Range and Methods, New 
 York, [1877]. 
 
 Death and Beyond, New York, 1878. 
 
 Amusements in the Light of Reason and 
 Scripture, New York, [1880]. 
 
 The Blessed Man of the First Psalm, Cleve- 
 land, 1887. 
 
 American Heroes in Mission Fields . . . , 
 New York, [1890]. 
 
 Brightening the World, New York, [1893]. 
 
 The History of Presbyterianism in Cleve- 
 land, Cleveland, 1893. 
 
 Western Reserve University, from Hudson 
 to Cleveland . . . , [Cleveland], 1905. 
 
 The Face Angelic, Boston, 1908. 
 
 HAYDN, HIRAM COLLINS (Nov. 3, 1907- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. His father, Howell M. Haydn, was 
 a professor at Western Reserve University, 
 and his grandfather, Hiram Collins Haydn 
 (q.v. ), once served as president of the uni- 
 versity. He graduated from Amherst College 
 in 1928 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1942. He taught at Hawken School, 
 Cleveland. 1928-41, at the University of 
 North Carolina, 1942-44, and at the New 
 School for Social Research. He has worked 
 in an editorial capacity for numerous pub- 
 lishers and was editor-in-chief of Random 
 House before joining the new Atheneum 
 Publishers in 1960. He has edited several 
 anthologies and has written a number of 
 novels, e.g., By Nature Free, Indianapolis, 
 [1943]. WW 30 
 
 HAYES, DOREMUS ALMY (May 17, 1863- 
 May 21, 1936), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Russellville, Brown County. 
 After graduating from Ohio Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity in 1884 and from Boston University 
 School of Theology in 1887, he was or- 
 dained to the Methodist ministry. He pub- 
 lished numerous books, most of them Scrip- 
 tural commentaries, e.g., The Resurrection 
 Fact, [Nashville, Tenn., 1932]. WWW 1 
 
 HAYES, ELLEN (Sept. 23, 1851-Oct. 27, 
 1930), educator, was born in Granville, 
 Licking County. She graduated from Ober- 
 lin College in 1878. She was a teacher of 
 higher mathematics and astronomy at Welles- 
 ley College, 1880-1916. Her long career 
 in Massachusetts but intensified her devo- 
 tion to her native village of Granville, as 
 is manifested by her Wild Turkeys and 
 Tallow Candles, Boston, 1910, a book of 
 great charm and a substantial contribution 
 to the local history of Ohio. She published 
 several other books, including a novel: The 
 Sycamore Trail, Wellesley, Mass., 1929. 
 WWW 1 
 
 HAYES, HARRY GORDON (March 22, 
 1883- ), educator, was born in Prairie 
 City, Iowa. A graduate of the University of 
 Michigan (A.B., 1910; Ph.D., 1914), he 
 was on the Hiram College faculty, 1910— 
 12, and taught economics at Ohio Univer- 
 sity, 1920-52. After retiring at Ohio State, 
 he taught at Tulane University and now 
 lives in New Orleans. He has written eco- 
 nomics textbooks and Spending, Saving, & 
 Employment, New York, 1945. WW 28 
 
 HAYES, JEFF W. (March 30, 1858-1917), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 At the age of fourteen he learned teleg- 
 raphy, and in 1877 he went to Virginia 
 City, Nev., as a telegraph operator. He 
 worked at the same profession in Portland, 
 Oreg., 1882-94. In 1894 he lost his sight 
 and turned to writing for a livelihood. He 
 returned to Cleveland briefly to work on the 
 Plain Dealer and edited the American Te- 
 legrapher in Los Angeles, but most of his 
 later life was passed in Oregon. 
 Tales of the Sierras, Portland, 1900. 
 Looking Backward at Portland . . . , Port- 
 land, 1911. 
 Portland, Oregon, A.D. 1999 . . . , Port- 
 land, 1913. 
 Autographs and Memoirs of the Telegraph, 
 
 Adrian, Mich., 1916. 
 Pleiades Club . . . , Portland, 1917. 
 
 HAYES, MRS. MEREDITH. See Mary K. 
 
 Schumann. 
 
287 
 
 Hazen 
 
 HAYES, PHILIP CORNELIUS (Feb. 3, 
 1833-July 13, 1916). journalist and con- 
 gressman, was born in Granby. Conn., and 
 spent most of his life in Illinois, where his 
 parents moved soon after his birth. He 
 graduated from Oberlin College in 1860 and 
 afterward enlisted as a private in the 103rd 
 O.V.I, and rose to the brevet rank of briga- 
 dier general. He published a volume of war 
 poetry (1914) and a history of his Civil 
 War regiment: Journal-History of the Hun- 
 dred and Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
 Bryan, 1872. 
 
 HAYES, RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD (Oct. 
 
 4. 1822-Jan. 17, 1893), nineteenth Presi- 
 dent of the United States, was born in Dela- 
 ware, Delaware County. After graduating 
 from Kenyon College in 1842, he read law 
 in Columbus and also studied at Harvard 
 Law School. In 1845 he began practice in 
 Lower Sandusky, the home of his uncle, 
 Sardis Birchard. In 1850 he moved to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he practiced successfully, 
 joined the Literary Club, and married Lucy 
 Webb in 1852. During the Civil War he was 
 a major in the 23rd O.V.I, and later served 
 as judge advocate. He was promoted to 
 brigadier general in October of 1864, and 
 was breveted major general of volunteers 
 in March of 1865. His political career be- 
 gan in 1864, when he was elected to the 
 House of Representatives, but he did not 
 take his seat until the following year. He 
 was re-elected in 1866 but resigned from 
 the House the following year to run for 
 governor. He was elected governor in 1867 
 and again in 1869 and in 1875. He was 
 named Republican nominee for the Presi- 
 dency at the party's 1876 convention, held 
 in Cincinnati. Disputed elections in three 
 Southern states required the appointment 
 of an electoral commission to investigate 
 the vote, and on March 2, 1877, he was 
 named President. His term as President re- 
 sulted in several overdue actions, such as 
 the removal of troops from the South and 
 some reforms in the Civil Service, but 
 these reforms alienated party leaders and 
 made his nomination for a second term an 
 impossibility. He spent his last years at 
 Spiegel Grove near Fremont, devoting him- 
 self to prison reform and other humani- 
 tarian movements. During his lifetime nu- 
 merous separate speeches and Presidential 
 messages were published. 
 Letters and Messages . . . , Washington, 
 
 D. C, 1881. 
 Diary and Letters . . . , (Charles R. Wil- 
 liams, ed.), 5 vols., [Columbus], 1922-26. 
 
 HAYMAN, LEE RICHARD (Oct. 21, 1922- 
 ), born in Indianapolis, Ind., lived in 
 
 Cleveland after 1924. Since 1951 he has 
 lived in Mexico City, Mexico, where he has 
 served on the faculty of Mexico City Col- 
 lege. He graduated from Western Reserve 
 University in 1947. While a student at 
 Cleveland College, he published a collection 
 of verse: Solid Shadow; A Collection of 
 First Poems, Cleveland, 1941. 
 
 HAYNES, ROY ASA (Aug. 31, 1881-Oct. 
 20, 1940), was born in Hillsboro, High- 
 land County. He edited the Hillsboro Dis- 
 patch for several years. An active member 
 of prohibition campaigns, he was federal 
 prohibition commissioner, 1921-27. He was 
 also an executive of the Economy Fire In- 
 surance Co., National Thrift Corp., and 
 Air-way Electric Appliance Corp. He pub- 
 lished Prohibition Inside Out, New York, 
 1923. WWW 1 
 
 HAYNES, WILLIAM BARBER (May 29, 
 1881- ), was born in Akron, Summit 
 County. He attended Buchtel College, 
 Akron, and operated an Akron real estate 
 firm for many years. An authority on fish- 
 ing and hunting, he has contributed articles 
 to many outdoors magazines and has written 
 three books on hunting, e.g., Ducks and 
 Duck Shooting, Chicago, 1924. WW 30 
 
 HAYS, EBENEZER ZANE (Dec. 10, 1837- 
 Dec. 21, 1909), lawyer, was born in Bel- 
 mont County. His family moved to a farm 
 near Warsaw, Coshocton County, in 1854. 
 After reading law, he was admitted to the 
 bar in 1859. He enlisted in the 32nd O.V.I, 
 in Aug., 1861, and was discharged as a 
 captain in Nov., 1864. After the war he 
 resumed the practice of law and lived in 
 Columbus, Cadiz, Circleville, and Warsaw. 
 He was a member of the Ohio Vicksburg 
 Battle Commission, whose reports he helped 
 compile in 1906. 
 
 History of the Thirty-Second Regiment 
 .... Columbus, 1896. 
 
 HAYWOOD, HARRY LEROY (Nov. 1, 
 1886-1955), clergyman, was born in Cler- 
 mont County. He attended Bonebrake Semi- 
 nary, Dayton, 1906-07, and Lawrence Col- 
 lege, 1908-09. He was a pastor in several 
 Midwestern churches and also edited Ma- 
 sonic magazines and wrote on the history 
 of Masonry, e.g., A Story of the Life and 
 Times of Jacques De Molay, St. Louis, Mo., 
 [1925]. WWW 3 
 
 HAZEN, WILLIAM BABCOCK (Sept. 27, 
 1830-Jan. 16, 1887) was born in West Hart- 
 ford, Vt. When he was three years old his 
 parents moved to Huron, Erie County, where 
 
Headland 
 
 288 
 
 he attended local schools. He graduated 
 from the U. S. Military Academy in 1855, 
 and during the next few years he served 
 against the Indians in California, Oregon, 
 and Texas. In 1859 he was severely wounded 
 in an encounter with the Comanches. In 
 1861 he organized the 41st O.V.I., of which 
 he became colonel. He served with distinc- 
 tion throughout the Civil War, taking com- 
 mand of the Fifteenth Corps in 1865. In 
 1866 he became colonel of the 38th Infan- 
 try. He served as an observer during the 
 Franco-Prussian War and was military at- 
 tache at Vienna during the Russo-Turkish 
 War. In the interval between these assign- 
 ments he became involved in the first of 
 several controversies which distinguished his 
 military career and marked him as a fear- 
 less, forthright officer. While stationed in 
 North Dakota he made charges of fraud 
 against post-traders which culminated in 
 damaging revelations against W. W. Belk- 
 nap, Secretary of War, with the direct re- 
 sult that Belknap was impeached by the 
 House of Representatives and tried before 
 the Senate. Following a quarrel with the 
 volatile Gen. George A. Custer (q.v.) in 
 1875, he privately published Some Correc- 
 tions of "Life on the Plains," a detailed, 
 painstaking, and convincing criticism of Cus- 
 ter's book. He was appointed Chief Signal 
 Officer on Dec. 8, 1880. Under his adminis- 
 tration, the foundation of the present weather 
 bureau was established by the Signal Corps. 
 Lieutenant A. W. Greely's expedition was 
 sent to Lady Franklin Bay to make meteoro- 
 logical and other observations. When the 
 second of two relief expeditions returned 
 without having reached Greely, Hazen urged 
 the Secretary of War to dispatch a sealer 
 immediately to rescue Greely and his men. 
 When his recommendation was not acted 
 upon, he censured the Secretary, in conse- 
 quence of which he was court-martialed and 
 reprimanded. His death occurred in Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 The School and the Army in Germany and 
 France, with a Diary of Siege Life at 
 Versailles, New York, 1872. 
 Barren Lands of the Interior of the United 
 
 States, Cincinnati, 1874. 
 Some Corrections of "Life on the Plains," 
 
 St. Paul, Minn.. 1875. 
 The Growth of an Idea, Cincinnati, 1885. 
 A Narrative of Military Service, Boston, 
 
 1885. 
 General Hazen's Reply to the Second Comp- 
 troller . . . , Washington, 1886. 
 
 HEADLAND, ISAAC TAYLOR (Aug. 16, 
 1859-Aug. 2, 1942), clergyman and edu- 
 
 cator, was born in Freedom, Pa. He gradu- 
 ated from Mount Union College in 1884 
 and Boston University School of Theology 
 in 1890. Ordained to the Methodist min- 
 istry, he sailed as a missionary to Peking 
 in 1890 and served on the faculties of 
 Peking University and Foochow Anglo- 
 Chinese College. He was on the faculty of 
 Mount Union College, 1914-37. He wrote 
 magazine articles on Chinese subjects and 
 lectured on Chinese life, art, language, liter- 
 ature, and history. His death occurred in 
 Alliance. Besides the titles below, he pub- 
 lished translations of Chinese poems, a 
 guide to Peking, and a book of Chinese pic- 
 ture puzzles. 
 Midnight Items and Spare-Moment Scraps, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1886. 
 The Chinese Boy and Girl, New York, 
 
 [1901]. 
 Chinese Heroes; Being a Record of Perse- 
 cutions Endured by Native Christians in 
 the Boxer Uprising, New York, [1902]. 
 Our Little Chinese Cousin, Boston, 1903. 
 Court Life in China: The Capital, Its Offi- 
 cials and People, New York, [1909]. 
 The China Hunters; A Trip to China by a 
 Class of Juniors in 1912, West Medford, 
 Mass., [1912]. 
 China's New Day; A Study of Events That 
 Have Led to Its Coming, West Medford, 
 Mass., [1912]. 
 Some Bv-products of Missions, Cincinnati, 
 
 [1912]. 
 Home Life in China, New York, 1914. 
 
 HEALD, EDWARD THORNTON (Sept. 20, 
 1885- ), was born in Portland, Oreg. 
 He was graduated from Oberlin College in 
 1907 and immediately entered Y.M.C.A. 
 work. He was Y.M.C.A. Secretary in Can- 
 ton, 1929-45, and since his retirement has 
 continued to live in that city. He has written 
 a monumental four-volume Stark County 
 Story, the chapters of which were originally 
 presented as radio broadcasts, and Taconic 
 Trails, Albany, N. Y._ 1929. 
 
 HEARN, LAFCADIO (June 27, 1850-Sept. 26, 
 1904), was born on one of the Ionian Isles 
 to an Irish major in the British army and 
 a Greek mother; nevertheless Ohio may lay 
 legitimate claim to being the birthplace of 
 his lustrous career as an author. Losing his 
 parents in early infancy through separation 
 and death, he spent an unhappy boyhood 
 with relatives in the British Isles. Physically 
 handicapped by his small stature, swarthy 
 complexion, and myopic vision, the child 
 was unable to adapt himself to his alien 
 surroundings and quickly became eccentric 
 and antisocial. An accident in a schoolyard 
 
289 
 
 Heck 
 
 game caused him to lose the sight of one 
 eye, leaving him further disfigured and 
 making him feel repulsive to others, espe- 
 cially to women. After his unfortunate boy- 
 hood in the British Isles, at the age of nine- 
 teen he was dismissed by his semiguardians 
 as incorrigible and was sent to Cincinnati. 
 For three years he lived in that city as a 
 vagrant waif, sleeping in stables or packing 
 boxes and supported by odd jobs. An old 
 sympathetic English printer named Henry 
 Watkins employed Hearn in his Cincinnati 
 shop and encouraged him in a course of 
 self-education. Ambitious to become a 
 writer, he submitted some of his manu- 
 scripts to the office of the Cincinnati En- 
 quirer. Colonel John A. Cockerill, then 
 editor, described him as "a quaint dark- 
 skinned little fellow, strangely diffident, 
 wearing glasses of great magnifying power, 
 and bearing evidence that he and fortune 
 were scarce on nodding terms." However, 
 the excellence of the manuscripts offered 
 by the trembling little man aroused the 
 editor's admiration. There followed for 
 Hearn three years on the staff of the En- 
 quirer and three more years as a reporter 
 for the Commercial Tribune. Cockerill 
 wrote of him in later years: "He was poetic, 
 and his whole nature seemed attuned to the 
 beautiful, and he wrote beautifully of things 
 which were neither wholesome nor inspir- 
 ing. ... He loved to write of things in 
 humble life. He prowled about the dark 
 corners of the city, and from gruesome 
 places he dug out charming, idyllic stories." 
 After the lapse of over fifty years, Hearn's 
 exploits as a news reporter are still remem- 
 bered in Cincinnati, as indicated by fre- 
 quent references to them in the local press. 
 His eccentricities, however, finally outraged 
 the respectable citizens to such an extent 
 that he was forced to leave the city. From 
 Cincinnati he went to New Orleans and 
 subsequently to Japan. The unique literary 
 talent which flowered in New Orleans and 
 came to full fruition in Japan, attracting 
 first national and then world-wide interest, 
 was merely an expansion of the elements 
 which featured his newspaper work in Cin- 
 cinnati. He applied to the reporting of his 
 own observations and the retelling of old 
 tales a sheen of artistry and a craftsman- 
 ship rarely surpassed. While Lafcadio Hearn 
 has undeniably an assured place in the 
 stream of literature, he can never be rated 
 with the great masters. As one of the minor 
 literary artists, his strength rests in his 
 genius as a first-class reporter of all that 
 he observed and in his faithful renditions 
 of West Indian and Japanese folklore. Most 
 of his important pieces can be found in the 
 
 collected edition: The Writings . . . , 16 
 vols., Boston, [1922]. Hearn was venerated 
 in Japan, and when he died his funeral was 
 conducted with all of the elaborate cere- 
 mony of the Buddhist services for the dead. 
 In an obituary comment, a noted Japanese 
 poet and author, in an effort to express the 
 depth of Japan's bereavement, said of him: 
 "Surely we could lose two or three battle- 
 ships at Port Arthur rather than Lafcadio 
 Hearn." 
 
 W. R. Keagy 
 
 HEATON, DAVID (March 10, 1823-June 25, 
 1870), was born in Hamilton, Butler 
 County. He completed preparatory studies, 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar. 
 In 1855 he was elected to the Ohio senate. 
 He moved to St. Anthony Falls, Minn., in 
 1857, and became a member of the Minne- 
 sota senate the following year, and served 
 until 1863, when he was appointed special 
 agent of the Treasury Department and the 
 United States depository in New Bern, 
 N. C. He became president of the National 
 Bank at New Bern in 1865. He was a mem- 
 ber of the constitutional convention of 
 North Carolina in 1867 and the author of 
 the so-called Raleigh platform. Upon the 
 readmission of North Carolina to repre- 
 sentation, he was elected to the 40th Con- 
 gress and was re-elected to the 42nd Con- 
 gress at the time of his death, which oc- 
 curred in Washington, D. C. 
 Summary Statement of the General Inter- 
 ests of Manufacture and Trade Con- 
 nected with the Upper Mississippi, Minne- 
 apolis, 1862. 
 
 HEBBLE, CHABLES B. (Oct. 7, 1874-Dec. 
 26, 1933), was born in Fairfield County. 
 He graduated from Ohio State University 
 in 1897. He served as manager of Civil and 
 Industrial Departments and later as execu- 
 tive secretary of the Cincinnati Chamber of 
 Commerce. He died in Cincinnati. With 
 Frank P. Goodwin, he wrote a history and 
 description of Cincinnati: The Citizens' 
 Book, Cincinnati, 1916. 
 
 HECK, EABL LEON WEBLEY (July 14, 
 1896- ), was born in Arcanum, Darke 
 County. He attended Arcanum and Green- 
 ville schools, was a student at Miami Uni- 
 versity, 1915-17, served in World War I, 
 and graduated from Harvard University in 
 1920. He was on the staff of Harvard Li- 
 brary, served in the Ohio General Assem- 
 bly, and was postmaster of Englewood, 
 Montgomery County, 1940-59. Since retir- 
 ing he has continued to live in Englewood. 
 He has written a family history and a num- 
 
Heckewelder 
 
 290 
 
 ber of biographical and historical works, 
 e.g., Augustine Herman, Beginner of the 
 Virginia Tobacco Trade . . . , [Richmond], 
 1941. 
 
 HECKEWELDER, JOHN GOTTLIEB 
 
 (March 12, 1743-Jan. 31, 1823), Moravian 
 missionary to the Indians, was born in Bed- 
 ford, England. His home after he came to 
 America with his parents in 1754 was Beth- 
 lehem, Pa., but he was twice in Ohio for 
 extended periods. From 1771 to 1786 he 
 was in mission service as assistant to David 
 Zeisberger (q.v. ). His marriage to Sarah 
 Ohneberg in 1780 at Salem was the first 
 marriage of a white couple performed in 
 Ohio. From 1801 to 1810 he lived at 
 Gnadenhutton, administering the estates of 
 the descendants of the victims of the mas- 
 sacre. His most important writing published 
 during his lifetime was An Account of the 
 History, Manners, and Customs, of the In- 
 dian Nations . . . , published in Transac- 
 tions of the American Philosophical Society 
 in 1819. Other writings from his journals 
 have been published by various historical 
 societies. 
 
 HEDBROOK, ARTHUR. Pseud. See Edward 
 R. Sill. 
 
 HEFLEBOWER, CLARA KECK (Aug. 7, 
 1871-Sept. 6, 1937), was born in Chicago; 
 two months after her birth her parents 
 moved to Cincinnati. She assisted Mrs. 
 Martha K. Cooper in the formation of the 
 Ohioana Library. Her poems appeared in 
 various periodicals, and she also published 
 a book of epigrams: Winged Arrows, New 
 York, [1928]. 
 
 HEINDEL, AUGUSTA FOSS (Jan. 27, 1865- 
 May 9, 1949), was born near Mansfield, 
 Richland County. After her marriage in 
 1910 to Max Heindel, she lived at Ocean- 
 side, Calif., where she and her husband 
 founded the Rosicrucian Fellowship of Mt. 
 Ecclesia. She lectured and wrote on Rosicru- 
 cian mysticism and collaborated with her 
 husband in writing a number of books, e.g., 
 The Message of the Stars . . . , Oceanside, 
 Calif., [1913]. WWW 2 
 
 HEINER, JESSIE MARGARETHE (Feb. 10, 
 1874-Aug. 15. 1960), educator, was born 
 in Guernsey County. A graduate of Ohio 
 State University in 1927, she taught in the 
 schools of Toledo and Columbus. Her 
 death occurred in Columbus. She published 
 stories and poems in periodicals, some of 
 them under the pen name Margarethe Mc- 
 Crea, and a collection of verse: This 
 Flowering Branch, Mill Valley, Calif.. 1950. 
 
 HEINER, MARIE HAYS (Jan. 13, 1907- ), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 where she graduated from Laurel School in 
 1924. During her second year at Simmons 
 College, she awoke one morning unable to 
 hear. She has devoted herself to those simi- 
 larly afflicted and is chairman of the board 
 of trustees of Cleveland Hearing and Speech 
 Center. She has described her own disability 
 and her adjustment to it in Hearing Is Be- 
 lieving, Cleveland. [1949]. 
 
 HEISER, ALTA HARVEY (Oct. 9, 1877- 
 ), was born in Wilmington, Clinton 
 County. After her marriage to Karl W. 
 Heiser (q.v.) in 1900, she moved to Hamil- 
 ton. She was for a number of years a col- 
 umnist for the Hamilton Journal-News. Her 
 special interests are nature and local history. 
 She has published, among other historical 
 studies, Hamilton in the Making, Oxford, 
 1941. 
 
 HEISER, KARL WILLIAM (March 4, 1878- 
 April 4, 1939), was born in Hamilton, But- 
 ler County, and spent his entire life in that 
 community. In 1900 he married Alta Har- 
 vey (see above). He worked on the Hamil- 
 ton Daily News as a young man and also 
 taught school and operated a garden store 
 and floral shop. 
 
 Hamilton in the War of '98 ... , Hamilton, 
 1899. 
 
 HEISTAND, HENRY OLCOTT SHELDON 
 
 (April 30, 1856-Aug. 8, 1924), army offi- 
 cer, was born on a farm near Richwood, 
 Union County. After graduating from the 
 U. S. Military Academy in 1878, he served 
 in the army until his death. He was Presi- 
 dent McKinley's military aide. 
 The Territory of Alaska . . . , Kansas City, 
 Mo., 1898. 
 
 HELMS, ELMER ELLSWORTH (Nov. 8, 
 1863-Feb. 28, 1955), clergyman, was born 
 at Ada, Hardin County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Northern University in 1886; was 
 superintendent of schools in Hutchinson, 
 Kan., 1888-90: was a traveling Y.M.C.A. 
 secretary, 1890-91; and was ordained in the 
 Methodist Episcopal church in 1891. He 
 served pastorates in various states, his last 
 charge being First Church, Los Angeles, 
 1920-33. After his retirement he continued 
 to live in Los Angeles. He wrote many 
 pamphlets and books on inspirational and 
 religious themes, e.g., Life Stories, New 
 York, [1937]. WWW 3 
 
 HELSER, ALBERT DAVID (July 10, 1897- 
 
 ), missionary, was born in Thornville, 
 
 Perry County. He graduated from Man- 
 
291 
 
 Henderson, J. F. 
 
 Chester College in 1919, was ordained in 
 the Church of the Brethren in 1922, and 
 since 1922 has served as a missionary in 
 Nigeria. He has published several books 
 about Africa, including one on Nigerian 
 folklore: African Stories, New York, 
 [1930]. WW 30 
 
 HELWIG, JOHN B. (March 6, 1833-July 25, 
 1904), clergyman and educator, was born 
 on a farm near Canal Dover, Tuscarawas 
 County. After teaching in district schools 
 and working as a blacksmith, he graduated 
 from Wittenberg College in 1861. Ordained 
 to the Lutheran ministry in 1862, he served 
 several pastorates in Ohio and was president 
 of Wittenberg College, 1874-80. After re- 
 signing the college presidency, he was pas- 
 tor of First Lutheran Church, Springfield, 
 and of First Presbyterian Church, Urbana. 
 He died at Bellefontaine. 
 Lectures. The Rise of the Romish Church. 
 Its Results in Europe, and Its Designs 
 upon the Institutions of America . . . , 
 Dayton, 1876. 
 
 HEMINGER, ISAAC NEWTON (Jan. 30, 
 1868-March 8, 1941), journalist, was born 
 in Allen Township, Hancock County. He 
 attended Findlay College. He worked on 
 the Findlay Morning Republican, 1890- 
 92, the Bluffton News, 1892-1900, and the 
 Findlay Morning Republican, 1900-41. He 
 wrote Animal Anecdotes, and Other Animal 
 Stories, Philadelphia, [1929]. WWNAA 7 
 
 HEMLER, OPAL TAFE (July 9, 1890- ). 
 a concert and operatic singer, was born in 
 Coshocton, Coshocton County. She has 
 been an advertising writer for the Central 
 Press Syndicate and now lives in Cleveland 
 Heights. She has published verse in news- 
 papers and magazines, and two collections, 
 e.g., Vista Through, Dallas, Texas, [1940]. 
 
 HEMPSTEAD, GILES SAMUEL BOOTH 
 
 (June 8, 1794-July 9, 1883), physician, was 
 born in New London, Conn., but in 1802 
 his parents brought him to Marietta. He 
 studied at Muskingum Academy and Ohio 
 University, read law in the office of Gov- 
 ernor Return J. Meigs, and studied medi- 
 cine with a Marietta doctor. He practiced in 
 Portsmouth and Hanging Rock, 1816-65. 
 Historical research was his avocation, and 
 he published articles in addition to the 
 pamphlet below. 
 
 Antiquities of Portsmouth and Vicinity 
 . . . , Portsmouth, 1875. 
 
 HENDERSON, ALGO DONMYER (April 26, 
 1897- ), educator, born in Solomon, 
 
 Kan., was on the Antioch College faculty, 
 1922-48, serving as president, 1936-48. 
 With Dorothy Hall he published Antioch 
 College: Its Design for Liberal Education, 
 New York, [1946]. WW 30 
 
 HENDERSON, EDWIN (July 6, 1844-April 
 14, 1926), journalist, was born in northern 
 Vermont. He attended Dartmouth College. 
 He was on the staff of the Cincinnati Com- 
 mercial, 1862-80. Entering politics, he was 
 clerk of the city council, 1880-1910, except 
 for two years (1885-86), when he was city 
 editor of the Commercial Gazette. He 
 joined the staff of the Cincinnati Enquirer 
 in 1920. Under the pen name of Conteur 
 he wrote a series of articles on early days 
 in Cincinnati. His death occurred in Florida. 
 Cincinnati City Hall, 1806-1896, [n.p., 
 1896]. 
 
 HENDERSON, ELLIOTT BLAINE (Oct. 6, 
 1877-Aug. 3, 1944), was born in Spring- 
 field, Clark County. He attended Springfield 
 schools but spent most of his life in Colum- 
 bus. Concerning his poems, E. G. Burkram, 
 editor of the Columbus Dispatch, wrote, 
 "They breathe the most fascinating and ad- 
 mirable characteristics of a race that can 
 sing most effectively and simply the songs 
 of nature, sound the humble heart-beat of 
 contentment, and play upon the lyre of na- 
 tive philosophy and mellow wit." He pub- 
 lished nine volumes of poems, e.g., Planta- 
 tion Echoes . . . , Columbus, 1904. 
 
 HENDERSON, HOWARD ANDREW MIL- 
 
 LET (Aug. 15, 1836-Jan. 2, 1912), clergy- 
 man, was born in Paris, Ky. A graduate of 
 Ohio Wesleyan University, he was ordained 
 to the Methodist ministry and served 
 churches in Alabama, 1857-61. In the 
 Civil War he served in the Confederate 
 Army, and after the war he was a minister 
 in various states. He served a Cincinnati 
 church, 1888-1903, was chaplain of the 
 1st O.V.I, during the Spanish-American 
 War, and after retiring from the ministry 
 lived in Hartwell. He published sermons 
 and addresses and Diomede the Centurion 
 . . . , [Cincinnati], 1901. WWW 1 
 
 HENDERSON, JOSEPH FRANKLIN (1852- 
 Oct. 6, 1916), journalist, was born in Hol- 
 lansburg, Darke County. In 1856 his family 
 moved to Chester, Ind., and in 1860 to 
 Richmond, Ind. He edited Gleason's Home 
 Circle and Literary Companion in Boston, 
 1877-80; worked on several New York and 
 Chicago newspapers, 1881-90; and edited 
 Woman's Home Companion in Springfield, 
 1896-1913. He died in Kankakee, 111. 
 
Henderson, M. A., Jr. 
 
 292 
 
 Though chiefly a writer for periodicals, he 
 wrote a few novels in various Beadle series, 
 e.g., Larry O'Lynn's Dash . . . , New York, 
 1891. 
 
 HENDERSON, MARC ANTONY, JR. Pseud. 
 See George A. Strong. 
 
 HENDRYX, JAMES BEARDSLEY (Dec. 9, 
 1880- ), born in Sauk Center, Minn., 
 was a newspaperman in Springfield, 1905- 
 10. He married Hermione Flagler of Cin- 
 cinnati in 1915 and lived in that city for 
 about five years while working as a special 
 writer for the Enquirer. He has written a 
 number of popular adventure novels about 
 the West and Alaska, e.g., The Gun-Brand, 
 New York, 1917. WW 30 
 
 HENKEL, ANDREW (Oct. 21, 1790-April 
 23, 1870), clergyman, was born in New- 
 market, Va. He first came to Ohio in 1812 
 and served as pastor of several Lutheran 
 churches until 1826, when he became pastor 
 of Germantown Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church. He remained in this community 
 until his death. Besides the title below, which 
 was published anonymously, he is said to 
 have written other pamphlets on baptism 
 and on secret societies; he also translated 
 sermons and other works from the German. 
 Dialogue between Orion Van Lickenthall 
 and Jonathan Screenwell, on Christian 
 Baptism . . . , Dayton, 1865. 
 
 HENKLE, HENRIETTA (1909- ), was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 where her father, Rae D. Henkle, was 
 drama critic on the Plain Dealer. The fam- 
 ily moved to New York City when he be- 
 came foreign editor of the Herald. She at- 
 tended Friends' Seminary and the Brearley 
 School in New York. She began writing for 
 magazines and newspapers while still in her 
 teens. Mrs. Peter J. Stephens in private life, 
 she now lives in New York City. Under the 
 pen name Henrietta Buckmaster, she has 
 written several historical and contemporary 
 novels and a history of the underground 
 railroad: Let My People Go . . . , New 
 York, [1941]. ANT 
 
 HENKLE, MOSES MONTGOMERY (March 
 23, 1789-1864), clergyman, was born in 
 Pendleton County, Va., and became an 
 itinerant Methodist minister in Ohio in 
 1819. He preached among the Wyandots for 
 a time and also preached in Pennsylvania, 
 Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama. His 
 writings include Primary Platform of 
 Methodism . . . , Louisville, [Ky.], 1851. 
 
 HENNI, JOHN MARTIN (June 15, 1805- 
 Sept. 7, 1881), Roman Catholic priest in 
 Cincinnati, 1829-44, was born in Switzer- 
 land. He taught philosophy at the Athe- 
 neum (St. Xavier's University). In 1834, ap- 
 pointed vicar general of Cincinnati, he 
 served as pastor to German Catholics. In 
 1837 he founded Wahrheitsfreund, the first 
 German Catholic newspaper in the United 
 States. In 1844 he left Ohio for Wisconsin, 
 where he served as bishop and after 1875 
 as archbishop. He published Ein Blick in's 
 Thai des Ohios, Munich, 1836. 
 
 HENRI, ROBERT (June 25, 1865-July 12, 
 1929), artist, was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County. His family moved to Nebraska 
 in 1878 and soon afterward to Atlantic 
 City, N. J. He attended Chickering Institute 
 in Cincinnati and in 1886 entered the 
 Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 
 Philadelphia. In 1888 he went to Paris, 
 where he studied at the Ecole des Beaux 
 Arts for two years. He taught for a time in 
 Philadelphia and conducted classes in Paris 
 in the late 1890s. Returning to New York 
 in 1900, he taught in art schools in that 
 city for many years. It is as an inspiring 
 teacher that he will be best remembered; 
 among those strongly influenced by him 
 were George Bellows, Rockwell Kent, John 
 Sloan, and George Luks. In 1929, when 
 the Arts Council of New York polled a 
 great many competent authorities as to the 
 "hundred most important living artists," 
 Henri's name was found among the three 
 who were given first place. A selection from 
 his criticism and class talks was compiled 
 by Margery Ryerson: The Art Spirit . . . , 
 Philadelphia, 1923. WWW 1 
 
 HENRY, DANIEL, JUN. Pseud. See Daniel 
 H. Holmes. 
 
 HENRY, FREDERICK AUGUST (June 16, 
 1867-Jan. 11, 1948), lawyer and judge, was 
 born in Bainbridge, Geauga County. He 
 graduated from Hiram College in 1888 and 
 earned his master's and law degrees from 
 the University of Michigan. He practiced 
 law in Cleveland for 57 years and from 
 1905 to 1912 was judge of the Circuit Court. 
 Considerable history of Geauga County is 
 included in his biography of his father: 
 Captain Henry of Geauga . . . , Cleveland, 
 1942. OBB 
 
 HENRY, JOHN FLOURNOY (1793-1873), 
 physician, born in Henry's Mills, Ky., came 
 to Cincinnati in 1831 on the invitation of 
 Daniel Drake (q.v.) to join the faculty of 
 Miami University. When the medical de- 
 partment was merged with the Medical Col- 
 
293 
 
 Herbruck, E. 
 
 lege of Ohio, he was made professor of 
 obstetrics. Dissension among the faculty 
 and trustees and Henry's loyalty to Drake 
 led to his removal in 1832. He published 
 medical articles and pamphlets, e.g., The 
 Cholera in Cincinnati in 1832, Cincinnati, 
 1832. 
 
 HENRY, MARTIN MALOUSHA (Aug. 12, 
 1867-1943), optometrist, was born near 
 Ladoga, Ind. As a young man he was a 
 schoolteacher, reporter, and lecturer. After 
 graduating from Northern Illinois School 
 of Optometry, he practiced in Cleveland, 
 Dayton, and Bucyrus. His poems appeared 
 in the Cleveland Plain Dealer and other 
 periodicals, and he published one collection: 
 To Fair Lucille, Love Poems and Other 
 Poems, Dayton, 1939. 
 
 HENRY, WILLIAM ARNON (June 16, 1850- 
 Nov. 24, 1932), agriculturist and educator, 
 was born near Norwalk, Huron County. He 
 attended Ohio Wesleyan University for a 
 year and then taught school to earn money 
 so that he could enter Cornell University. 
 After his graduation in 1880, he was made 
 professor of botany and agriculture at the 
 University of Wisconsin. He developed vari- 
 ous agricultural services at the University 
 and profoundly influenced teaching and re- 
 search in the field. His book on livestock 
 feeding passed through many editions. After 
 retiring in 1907 he lived in Florida and 
 California. He died in San Diego. 
 Northern Wisconsin, a Hand-hook for the 
 
 Homeseeker, [Madison, Wis., 1896]. 
 Feeds and Feeding . . . , Madison, Wis., 
 1898. 
 
 HENSEY, ANDREW FITCH (June 1, 1880- 
 April 21, 1951), clergyman, was born in 
 Bedford, Cuyahoga County. After attending 
 Hiram College for a time, he graduated 
 from the University of Kentucky in 1904. 
 He preached for a brief period in Brown 
 County and in 1905 left for Africa as a 
 missionary. He was sponsored there by Eu- 
 clid Avenue Christian Church, 1905-28. 
 After retiring from the mission field, he 
 taught at the School of Missions, Indianap- 
 olis, Ind., until 1935. He later lived in 
 Texas and at Sardinia, Brown County. He 
 published a book on African missions: My 
 Children of the Forest, New York, [1924]. 
 
 HENSHALL, JAMES ALEXANDER (Feb. 
 29, 1836-April 4, 1925), physician and 
 fisherman, was born in Baltimore, Md. He 
 graduated from Eclectic Medical Institute, 
 Cincinnati, in 1860. In 1864 he married 
 Hester S. Ferguson of Cincinnati, and he 
 
 practiced medicine in that city, 1864-96. 
 His love of fishing led him to enter the 
 U. S. Fisheries Bureau; and he served at 
 stations in Bozeman, Mont., 1896-1909, and 
 Tupelo, Miss., 1909-17. After his retire- 
 ment he returned to Cincinnati, where he 
 lived until his death. He published a num- 
 ber of technical articles on fish-culture. 
 The Book of the Black Bass . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1881. 
 Camping and Cruising in Florida, Cincinnati, 
 
 1884. 
 More about the Black Bass . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1889. 
 Ye Gods and Little Fishes; A Travesty on 
 the Argonautic Expedition in Quest of 
 the Golden Fleece, Cincinnati, 1900. 
 Bass, Pike, Perch, and Others, New York, 
 
 1903. 
 Favorite Fish and Fishing, New York, 
 1908. 
 
 HENTZ, CAROLINE LEE WHITING (June 
 1, 1800-Feb. 11, 1856), prolific writer of 
 popular novels, plays, and poetry, lived in 
 Cincinnati, 1832-34, while her husband 
 conducted a school in that city. Her play 
 Lamorah or the Western Wild was produced 
 in Cincinnati in 1832, and she also wrote 
 a novel during her Ohio years: Lovell's 
 Folly, Cincinnati, 1833. The novel was sup- 
 pressed because the characters resembled 
 actual persons too closely and Mrs. Hentz 
 was threatened with a libel suit. 
 
 HENTZ, JOHN P. (May 5, 1832-Aug. 23, 
 1915), clergyman, was born in Bevern, Ger- 
 many. After coming to the United States in 
 1852, he studied at Gettysburg College and 
 Seminary and was ordained to the ministry 
 of the Lutheran Church in 1864. His long- 
 est pastorate was at Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church, Germantown, and he died in that 
 community. 
 
 History of the Evangelical Lutheran Con- 
 gregation in Germantown . . . , Dayton, 
 1882. 
 Twin Valley; Its Settlement and Subse- 
 quent History . . . , Dayton, 1883. 
 
 HENTZ, NICHOLAS MARCELLUS (1797- 
 1856), French refugee, husband of Caro- 
 line Lee Whiting Hentz (q.v.), conducted a 
 school in Cincinnati, 1832-34. Besides a 
 monograph on spiders and French textbooks, 
 he wrote a novel: Tadeuskund, the Last 
 King of the Lenape, Boston, 1825. 
 
 HERBRUCK, EDWARD (May 11, 1849- 
 Dec. 8, 1934), clergyman, was born in Can- 
 ton, Stark County, and attended Canton 
 schools. After graduating from Heidelberg 
 
Herbruck, E. P. 
 
 294 
 
 College in 1868, he served as a pastor in 
 Akron, 1868-72, and in Canton, 1872-80. 
 He was associate editor of the Christian 
 World, 1881-94, and in 1894 he joined the 
 faculty of Central Theological Seminary, 
 Dayton. The book below is an account of 
 a trip to the Holy Land. 
 Under Eastern Skies . . . , Dayton, 1889. 
 
 HERBRUCK, EMIL PETER (Jan. 5, 1856- 
 Dec. 25, 1940), clergyman, was born in 
 Canton, Stark County. He graduated from 
 Heidelberg College and afterward was pas- 
 tor of Reformed churches in Akron and 
 Canton. He published an autobiographical 
 volume: Earlv Years and Late Reflections, 
 Cleveland, [1923]. OBB 
 
 HERGET, JOHN FRANCIS (Oct. 7, 1873- 
 Sept. 27, 1960), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in St. Louis, Mo. He graduated 
 from William Jewell College in 1895 and 
 Rochester Theological Seminary in 1898. 
 He was pastor of Ninth Street Baptist 
 Church, Cincinnati, 1904-28; was president 
 of the Ohio Baptist Convention, 1911-16; 
 and during World War I was senior chap- 
 lain of the 37th Division. He served as 
 president of William Jewell College, 1928— 
 42, and after his retirement returned to Cin- 
 cinnati to live. He wrote two volumes of 
 verse and a small book: Questions Evolu- 
 tion Does Not Answer, Cincinnati, [1923]. 
 OBB 
 
 HERMAN, WILLIAM (May 10, 1915- ), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 He is president of Argy Powell and Associ- 
 ates and of Herwell Publishing Co. and also 
 conducts Will Herman's School of Writing. 
 Besides a great many stories and articles 
 in national magazines, he has published a 
 book: Hearts Courageous; Twelve Who 
 Achieved, New York, 1949. 
 
 HERMS, WILLIAM BRODBECK (Sept. 22, 
 1876-May, 16, 1949), entomologist, was 
 born in Portsmouth, Scioto County. He 
 graduated from Baldwin-Wallace College in 
 1902. He served on the faculties of Bald- 
 win-Wallace, 1902-05, Ohio State Univer- 
 sity, 1905-06 and 1907-08, and Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University, 1906-07. From 1908 until 
 his retirement in 1946, he was on the faculty 
 of University of California. He published 
 textbooks and technical treatises as well as 
 Malaria; Cause and Control, New York, 
 1913. WWW 3 
 
 HERON, MRS. ANNE J. See Anne M. Jacobs. 
 
 HERON, HENRIETTA (c.l874-April 12, 
 1944), born probably in Illinois, graduated 
 
 from Cincinnati Bible Seminary and was 
 for many years on the staff of Standard 
 Publishing Company, Cincinnati. At the 
 time of her death she was with the Baraca- 
 Philathea Union in Washington, D. C. Her 
 writings include New Life for the Young 
 People's Bible Class, Cincinnati, [1921]. 
 
 HERRICK, CHARLES JUDSON (Oct. 6. 
 1868- ), educator and neurologist, born 
 in Minneapolis, Minn., graduated from 
 Denison University in 1889, was an in- 
 structor in Granville Academy, 1891-92, 
 and was on the Denison faculty, 1898— 
 1907. From 1907 to 1934 he taught at the 
 University of Chicago. He now lives in 
 Grand Rapids, Mich. He wrote many tech- 
 nical articles and monographs and Fatalism 
 or Freedom; A Biologist's Answer, New 
 York, [1926]. LE 2 
 
 HERRICK, CLAY (July 17, 1867-March 4, 
 1935), banker, was born in Whitehall, Ky., 
 but lived in Ohio for 57 years. After gradu- 
 ating from Western Reserve University 
 (A.B,. 1890; M.A.. 1894), he was vice presi- 
 dent of Berea College, 1894-97, and head- 
 master of Western Reserve Academy, 1897— 
 1901. Turning from education to banking, 
 he was vice president of Cleveland Trust 
 Company, 1904-15, and of Guardian Trust 
 Company, 1915-35. He wrote numerous 
 articles on banking and finance and at least 
 two books, e.g., Trust Companies; Their 
 Organization, Growth and Management, 
 New York, 1909. 
 
 HERRICK, CLAY, JR. (Dec. 15, 1911- ), 
 son of Clay Herrick (q.v.), was born in 
 Cleveland. Cuyahoga County, and still lives 
 in that city. He graduated from Western 
 Reserve University in 1934. He is vice 
 president of Carpenter Advertising Co. and 
 a part-time instructor in journalism at his 
 alma mater. He has published But It's So! 
 A Collection of Historical Sketches of West- 
 ern Reserve, Cleveland, [1934]. 
 
 HERRICK, FRANCIS HOBART (Nov. 19, 
 1858-Sept. 11, 1940), educator and ornithol- 
 ogist, was born in Woodstock, Vt. After 
 graduating from Dartmouth College in 1881 
 and Johns Hopkins University (Ph.D.) in 
 1888, he was a member of Western Reserve 
 University faculty until 1929. After his re- 
 tirement he continued to live in Cleveland. 
 He wrote textbooks, scientific works, books 
 about birds, and Audubon the Naturalist 
 . . . , 2 vols., New York, 1917. WWW 1 
 
 HERRICK, MYRON TIMOTHY (Oct. 9, 
 1854-March 31, 1929), lawyer, banker, and 
 
295 
 
 Hessler, W. H. 
 
 ambassador to France, was born in Hunt- 
 ington, Lorain County. He studied at Ober- 
 lin Academy and Denison University, read 
 law in Cleveland, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1878. He prospered in several bank- 
 ing and railroad ventures and rose to a posi- 
 tion of leadership in the Republican Party. 
 He was governor of Ohio, 1903-05, and 
 ambassador to France, 1912-14 and 192 1— 
 29. With R. Ingalls he wrote Rural Credits, 
 Land and Cooperative, New York, 1914. 
 DAB 8 
 
 HERRICK, SOPHIA McILVAINE BLED- 
 SOE (March 26, 1837-Oct. 9, 1919), daugh- 
 ter of Albert Taylor Bledsoe (q.v.), was 
 born in Gambier, Knox County. She at- 
 tended a boarding school in Cincinnati and 
 Cooper Female Institute, Dayton. Her later 
 life has no particular relation to Ohio. She 
 married James B. Herrick, an Episcopal 
 clergyman, but left him in 1868 because of 
 his involvement with the Oneida Com- 
 munity. She assisted her father in writing 
 and editing the Southern Review, a militant 
 journal dedicated to the unreconstructed 
 Southern viewpoint. A series of articles in 
 Scribner's, "Hours with a Microscope," led 
 to a position as editorial assistant, and she 
 was with the magazine from 1879 to 1906. 
 She wrote many articles for the magazine 
 and illustrated them with her own drawings. 
 She also compiled a collection of sonnets 
 in 1902. 
 
 The Wonders of Plant Life under the Micro- 
 scope, New York, 1883. 
 Chapters on Plant Life, New York, 1885. 
 The Earth in Past Ages, New York, 1888. 
 Thoughtful Hours; A Book of Poems, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1899. 
 Public School Physiology; Perversion of 
 Truth and Science in the Name of Tem- 
 perance, [New York, 1908]. 
 
 HERRIMAN, ABBIE FRANCES SAMPSON 
 
 (Nov. 25, 1854- ? ), educator, was born in 
 Ohio. She attended Oberlin Conservatory 
 of Music and graduated from the Cleve- 
 land School of Art in 1891. She afterward 
 taught music and art in Cleveland at the 
 Cleveland School of Art, University School, 
 and Miss Mittleburger's School. She wrote 
 a travel book: Pencil Sketches; Or, Europe 
 As I Saw It, Cleveland, 1902. OBB 
 
 HERSHEY, SCOTT FUNK (1852-Jan. 10, 
 1931), Indiana-born clergyman, graduated 
 from Heidelberg College in 1875 and later 
 served two Ohio churches: Middletown, 
 1884-87, and Wooster, 1905-08. Besides a 
 family history, he wrote The Science of 
 National Life . . . , Burlington, Iowa, 1884. 
 
 HERSKOVITS, MELVILLE JEAN (Sept. 
 10, 1895- ), anthropologist, was born 
 in Bellefontaine, Logan County. He gradu- 
 ated from the University of Chicago in 
 1920 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 
 1923. He has been on the faculty of North- 
 western University since 1927, has done 
 field study in various parts of the world, 
 and has published several significant books 
 on anthropology, e.g., Life in a Haitian 
 Valley, New York, 1937. WW 30 
 
 HERVEY, HENRY MARTYN (Oct., 1838- 
 Sept. 1, 1875), clergyman, was born in 
 Martinsburg, Knox County. After graduat- 
 ing from Kenyon College and Western 
 Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh, he was 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 
 1863. He was a pastor in Newark, 1863-75. 
 The pamphlet below was one of the Lick- 
 ing Pioneer Pamphlets. 
 Historical Sketches of the Presbyterian 
 
 Churches (O.S.) in Licking County . . . , 
 
 Newark, [1869]. 
 
 HERZOG, MARGARET GUION, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, and later 
 lived in Mt. Kisco, N. Y. She began writing 
 for magazines in 1932 and afterward wrote 
 fiction for most of the major national mag- 
 azines. Her books include Three to Get 
 Ready, New York, 1938. WW 21 
 
 HESING, WASHINGTON (May 14, 1849- 
 Dec. 18, 1897), journalist, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, but grew up 
 in Chicago, 111., where his parents moved 
 during his childhood. After graduating from 
 Yale University in 1870 he joined the staff 
 of the Illinois Staats Zeitung, owned by his 
 father, and in 1880 he became managing 
 editor. His death occurred in Chicago. 
 Neunzig Tage in Europa . . . , Chicago, 
 1887. 
 
 HESSLER, IOLA O. (Aug. 15, 1911- ), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She 
 graduated from University of Cincinnati and 
 is married to William H. Hessler (q.v.), 
 foreign editor of the Cincinnati Enquirer. 
 She is executive director of Hamilton 
 County Research Foundation and of Hamil- 
 ton County Good Government League. She 
 is active in civic affairs and has published 
 Cincinnati, Then and Now, [Cincinnati], 
 1949. 
 
 HESSLER, WILLIAM HENRY (Aug. 23, 
 1904- ), journalist, was born in Conners- 
 ville, Ind. He graduated from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1925 and has been on 
 the staff of the Cincinnati Enquirer since 
 
Hexter 
 
 296 
 
 1930. He has written articles on public af- 
 fairs for national magazines and two books, 
 e.g., Our Ineffective State, New York, 
 [1937]. WW 30 
 
 HEXTER, MAURICE BECK (June 30, 1891- 
 ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from University of 
 Cincinnati in 1912 and Harvard University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1924. He now lives in New 
 York City and has been an official of the 
 Federation of Jewish Philanthropies since 
 1938. He has published a pamphlet, The 
 Jews in Mexico, New York, 1926. WW 30 
 
 HEYWARD, DOROTHY KUHNS (June 6, 
 1890-Nov. 19, 1961), was born in Wooster, 
 Wayne County. She attended Columbia 
 University and Radcliffe College and in 1923 
 married Dubose Heyward, playwright and 
 novelist. She wrote novels, e.g., The Pulitzer 
 Prize Murders, New York, [1932], but she 
 was best known for her collaborations with 
 her husband, especially Porgy; A Play in 
 Four Acts, (New York, 1927). WW 30 
 
 HIATT, VERNA WHINERY (May 26, 1886- 
 ), was born in Morrisville, Clinton 
 County. She graduated from Wilmington 
 College in 1909, married Edwin J. Hiatt, 
 and she now lives in Wilmington. Some- 
 times using pen names Verna Whinery or 
 Marian Morris, she has written many page- 
 ants and plays, most of them for schools 
 or Sunday schools, e.g., My Song and My 
 Star, a Christmas Pageant . . . , Dayton, 
 1934. 
 
 HIBBARD, DAVID SUTHERLAND (Oct. 
 31, 1868- ), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Hamden, Vinton County. After 
 graduating from the College of Emporia in 
 1893 and Princeton Theological Seminary 
 in 1896, he was ordained to the Presbyterian 
 ministry. He served a pastorate in Kansas 
 for three years and afterward was stationed 
 in the Philippines, serving as president of 
 Silliman Institute, 1901-29. Since his re- 
 tirement he has lived in Pasadena, Calif. 
 He wrote Making a Nation; The Changing 
 Philippines, New York, [1926]. WW 21 
 
 HIBBEN, FRANK CUMMINGS (Dec. 5, 
 1910- ), educator, was born in Lake- 
 wood, Cuyahoga County. He graduated 
 from Princeton University in 1933 and 
 Harvard University (Ph.D.) in 1940. He 
 worked as an assistant in the Ohio State 
 Museum, 1928-29, and the Cleveland Mu- 
 seum of Natural History, 1930-33. Since 
 1934 he has been a member of the an- 
 thropology faculty, University of New Mex- 
 
 ico. He has published a number of pro- 
 fessional articles and books and some for 
 the general reader, e.g., Hunting American 
 Lions, New York, [1948]. AMS 9 
 
 HIBBEN, WILLIAM W. ( ?-? ), clergyman, 
 born in Uniontown, Pa., was brought to 
 
 Hillsboro as a child. Licensed as a Method- 
 ist minister at Hillsboro in 1832, he moved 
 to Indiana three years later and spent the 
 rest of his life in that state, serving pastor- 
 ates at Lafayette, Indianapolis, and else- 
 where. 
 
 Rev. James Havens, One of the Heroes of 
 Indiana Methodism, Indianapolis, 1872. 
 
 HICKENLOOPER, ANDREW (Aug. 10, 
 1837-May 12, 1904), engineer, was born 
 in Hudson, Summit County. As a boy he 
 lived in Circleville and in Cincinnati, where 
 he attended Woodward College. He was 
 city surveyor of Cincinnati before the Civil 
 War. He served with distinction throughout 
 the war and was breveted brigadier general 
 on May 20, 1865. He was U. S. Marshall 
 for southern Ohio, 1866-71, city engineer 
 of Cincinnati, 1871-77, and president of 
 the Cincinnati Gas Light & Coke Company, 
 1877-1904. Besides the titles below, sev- 
 eral of his addresses and technical papers 
 were published. 
 
 Fuel-Gas for Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 1896. 
 The Coming Revolution in the Generation 
 
 of Power, Cincinnati, 1898. 
 The Battle of Shiloh, Cincinnati, 1903. 
 
 HICKERNELL, WARREN F. (May 31, 
 1885- ), economist, was born in Lafay- 
 ette, Madison County. Now a resident of 
 New York City, he has published several 
 books on financial topics, e.g., What Makes 
 Stock Market Prices?, New York, 1932. 
 
 HICKOK, LAURENS PERSEUS (Dec. 29, 
 1798-May 6, 1888), philosopher, born in 
 Bethel, Conn., and through most of his 
 long life a resident of New England, was 
 professor of Christian theology at Western 
 Reserve College, 1836-44. His writings in- 
 clude Rational Psychology . . . , Auburn, 
 [N. Y.], 1849. 
 
 HICKS, FREDERICK CHARLES (Jan. 1, 
 1863-Sept. 7, 1953), educator, was born in 
 Capac, Mich. He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan (A.B., 1886; Ph.D., 
 1890). After teaching at the University of 
 Missouri, 1892-1900, he joined the faculty 
 of the University of Cincinnati, where he 
 taught economics and commerce and was 
 president, 1920-29. He was research pro- 
 fessor in economics, 1929-53. 
 
297 
 
 Hildreth, S. P. 
 
 The Government of the People of the State 
 of Missouri, Philadelphia, 1897. 
 
 Lectures on the Theory of Economics, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1901. 
 
 Competitive and Monopoly Price . . . , 
 Cincinnati, [1911]. 
 
 HICKS, LEWIS EZRA (March 10, 1839- 
 Nov. 20, 1921), educator, was born in 
 Kalida, Putnam County. He served in the 
 69th O.V.I., 1861-65, and graduated from 
 Denison University in 1868. He taught at 
 Denison, 1870-84, and at University of 
 Nebraska, 1884-1905; and was president 
 of Rangoon Baptist College, Burma, 1905— 
 11. He died in Atlanta, Ga. 
 A Critique of Design-Arguments . . . , New 
 York, 1883. 
 
 HIGHT, JOHN J. (Dec. 4, 1834-Dec. 18, 
 1886), born in Bloomington, Ind., gradu- 
 ated from Indiana University in 1854. He 
 died in Cincinnati, where he had been as- 
 sociate editor of the Western Christian Ad- 
 vocate for eleven years. A regimental his- 
 tory was published posthumously: History 
 of the Fifty-eighth Regiment of Indiana 
 Volunteer Infantry . . . , Princeton, [Ind.], 
 1895. 
 
 HIGLEY, CHARLES (Oct. 11, 1866-Aug. 2, 
 1943), lawyer, born in South Bend, Ind., 
 lived in Cleveland from 1868 until his death. 
 He graduated from the University of Michi- 
 gan law school in 1890 and afterward prac- 
 ticed in Cleveland. He published privately 
 People Governed and Who Govern, Cleve- 
 land, 1940. 
 
 HIGLEY, LOUIS ALLEN (Sept. 8, 1871- 
 April 12, 1955), educator, was born in 
 Wilmot, Stark County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Northern University in 1896 and the 
 University of Chicago (B.S., 1900; Ph.D., 
 1907). He taught at New Mexico College, 
 Wheaton College, and Kings College in 
 Delaware. He was also dean of Kings Col- 
 lege, 1939-47. He died in Bridgeport, Conn., 
 where he lived after his retirement in 1950. 
 He wrote Science and Truth, New York, 
 [1940]. AMS 9 
 
 HILDRETH, EZEKIEL (July 18, 1784- 
 March 15, 1856), educator, was born in 
 Westford, Mass. After graduating from Har- 
 vard in 1814, he taught in Ohio and Vir- 
 ginia until his death. He wrote a textbook, 
 Logopolis, or, City of Words . . . , Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa., 1842. 
 
 HILDRETH, SAMUEL PRESCOTT (Sept. 
 30, 1783-July 24, 1863), physician and 
 
 historian, was born in Methuen, Mass. 
 Throughout his long life he maintained a 
 zest for unbounded inquiry and a diligence 
 for recording his findings. Consequently, he 
 accumulated and preserved copious stores 
 of information from which others might 
 draw. Citations of his writings are abundant 
 in historical and scientific works in current 
 use. If followed back to their source, these 
 references lead to a treasury of early Ohioana 
 and to a writer who found the world too 
 full of fascinating things to confine himself 
 by specialization. Hildreth became an Ohioan 
 by choice. On his arrival alone in Marietta, 
 Oct. 4, 1806, after three weeks of horse- 
 back travel, the 23 -year-old doctor knew 
 no one in Ohio. His only contact had been 
 established by correspondence with Jabez 
 True, Ohio's first physician. Within a year, 
 Hildreth had met and married another 
 migrant from Massachusetts, Miss Rhoda 
 Cook of Beipre. Four years after his ar- 
 rival, he was serving in the Ohio General 
 Assembly as its youngest member. During 
 the next half-century, he earned recognition 
 not only in the West but also in his native 
 East and Europe. Hildreth was on the scene 
 early enough to gain personal acquaintance 
 with many of Ohio's pioneer settlers, and 
 long enough to note with concern that a 
 new generation was growing up in ignorance 
 of the facts connected with the beginnings 
 of the state. For years he had been collect- 
 ing bits of local history — as well as insects, 
 shells, fossils, botanical and mineral speci- 
 mens. At the age of 58, he started a major 
 history project that would preserve in docu- 
 mented story the proof that much of im- 
 portance happened in Ohio long before 
 1803. Five years later, he had two manu- 
 scripts, each of which made a book of 
 more than 500 pages. The first, Pioneer 
 History, appeared in 1848. While it does 
 not ignore secondary sources, it is primarily 
 a narrative fashioned from selective ex- 
 tracts of journals, diaries, and letters which 
 the author feared would otherwise be lost 
 to future historians, from earliest official 
 records pertaining to Ohio, and from recol- 
 lections of pioneers and sons of pioneers. 
 What must have been a strong recommenda- 
 tion to readers of the time was the state- 
 ment of the reviewer in the New Englander 
 — that Hildreth's "stories are not less thrill- 
 ing than the fictions of Cooper." Memoirs of 
 Early Settlers, the companion book whose 
 publication had depended on the success 
 of Pioneer History, came out in 1852. It 
 presents 37 biographies plus related ma- 
 terial on the pioneer residents of south- 
 eastern Ohio. A 240-page book, Contributions 
 to the Early History of the North West, was 
 
Hildreth, T. F. 
 
 298 
 
 published posthumously in 1864, although 
 some of its stories had been written by 
 Hildreth as early as 1836. There is a still 
 later book bearing the Hildreth byline. It 
 was privately published about 1916 by a 
 great-grandson, B. B. Putnam of Marietta, 
 from manuscripts which came into his pos- 
 session upon the death of the author's 
 bachelor son, Dr. George O. Hildreth, in 
 1903. This 334-page work contains sketches 
 of family history and an autobiography up 
 to 1840 which includes journals of Hildreth's 
 first journey to Ohio and his Eastern travels 
 with Mrs. Hildreth in 1839. Pioneer History 
 was not the first of Hildreth's writings to 
 appear in book form. Editor John S. Wil- 
 liams (q.v.) in 1844 produced a 144-page 
 volume of Hildreth contributions to the 
 short-lived Ohio magazine American Pio- 
 neer. A volume of 520 pages could be made 
 of his contributions to Professor Silliman's 
 American Journal of Science and Arts be- 
 tween 1826 and 1863. As Hildreth mixed 
 history and travel notes with scientific ob- 
 servations, there is much of general interest 
 in these articles. Two of the longer ones 
 are accounts of Ohio travels. Hildreth 
 articles, varying in subject, appeared in 
 many other contemporary periodicals. His 
 first published writing was in print before 
 he was 25, and was prompted by his experi- 
 ence of fighting an epidemic during his first 
 year in Ohio. This is "Remarks on the 
 Weather and Diseases in Some Parts of the 
 State of Ohio, during 1805-6-7; With Topo- 
 graphic Facts on the Country in the Neigh- 
 bourhood of Bellepre," in the Medical Re- 
 pository (New York, 1808). Elated with 
 "the favourable manner in which my pro- 
 duction of last year was received," he sub- 
 mitted in 1809 "A Concise Description of 
 Marietta, in the State of Ohio; With an 
 Enumeration of Some Vegetable and Min- 
 eral Productions in Its Neighbourhood," 
 which filled another five pages in the Re- 
 pository. Because of his literary ability, 
 Hildreth could leave an ineffaceable pio- 
 neer's imprint on medicine and natural 
 science in Ohio. His writings in Silliman's 
 Journal and the first volume of the Ohio 
 Geological Survey have provided starting 
 points for studies by Ohio geologists who 
 followed him. His medical thinking is ex- 
 pressed in two speeches which he put into 
 writing — first, that given in Athens in 1829 
 before the district medical society of which 
 he was president, published in the American 
 Journal of the Medical Science (Philadel- 
 phia, 1830), and then his speech as presi- 
 dent of the Medical Convention of Ohio 
 in Cleveland in 1839, which takes up most 
 of the pages of the published convention 
 
 proceedings. Enthusiasm for his subject 
 shows in his writing, whether it concerns 
 remembered New England customs, or what 
 the "all-wise and beneficent Creator . . . 
 has deposited in the rocky strata of the 
 earth," or the rugged life of pioneer Ohioans, 
 or the effects on health of "indolence and 
 the refinement of modern life." He took 
 time out for numerous civic endeavors, but 
 accomplished his voluminous writing dur- 
 ing what he termed the "odds and ends of 
 time" found in 55 years of practicing medi- 
 cine in Ohio. He retired in 1861 but re- 
 mained a busy citizen up to the brief ill- 
 ness that preceded his death. The home in 
 which Samuel and Rhoda Hildreth reared 
 their three sons and three daughters, and 
 which the doctor substantially enlarged in 
 1824-25, stands beside the courthouse in 
 Marietta, and — despite twentieth-century 
 adaptation to commercial use — reflects some- 
 thing of the life in an early period of Ohio 
 history. 
 
 Erman D. Southwick 
 Original Contributions to the American 
 
 Pioneer, Cincinnati, 1844. 
 Pioneer History: Being an Account of the 
 First Examinations of the Ohio Valley, 
 and the Early Settlement of the North- 
 west Territory . . . , Cincinnati, 1848. 
 Biographical and Historical Memoirs of 
 the Early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, with 
 Narratives of Incidents and Occurrences 
 in 1775, Cincinnati, 1852. 
 Contributions to the Early History of the 
 North West . . . , Cincinnati, 1864. 
 
 HILDRETH, THOMPSON F. (Nov. 29, 
 1826-March 6, 1911), clergyman, born in 
 Tompkins County, N. Y., was brought to 
 Fairfield Township, Huron County, in 1833. 
 He attended Norwalk Seminary and Ohio 
 Wesleyan University; after being admitted 
 to the bar, he decided that he preferred the 
 ministry. After serving Methodist churches 
 in Ohio and other states, he retired to Nor- 
 walk in 1891. His poems appeared in the 
 local newspaper and elsewhere, and he pub- 
 lished two collections, the first of which 
 was Poems of the Heart, Norwalk, 1903. 
 
 HILL, GEORGE WILLIAM (April 22, 1823- 
 Oct. 19, 1884), physician and journalist, 
 was born in Marshall County, Va. In 1824 
 his father moved to Muskingum County, 
 where George grew up and where he learned 
 the tanner's trade. After attending Ashland 
 Academy, he studied medicine at George- 
 town, D. C, receiving his degree in 1859. 
 He practiced in Ashland and also owned 
 and edited the Ashland Union. Besides a 
 county history he wrote "Ancient Earth- 
 
299 
 
 Hills, O. A. 
 
 works of Ashland County," published in the 
 report of the Smithsonian Institution for 
 1878. 
 
 History of Ashland County . . . , [Cleve- 
 land], 1880. 
 
 HILL, HARRY GRANISON (Sept. 15, 1874- 
 Feb. 15, 1951), clergyman, was born in 
 Union City, Ind.. graduated from Bethany 
 College, W. Va., in 1897 and was ordained 
 a minister of the Disciples of Christ Church 
 in the same year. He served a church in 
 Cincinnati, 1899-1902, and returned to that 
 city in 1927 to become consulting psycholo- 
 gist and pastor of the nondenominational 
 City Temple in Cincinnati and conducted 
 a Life Adjustment Clinic there. He was in 
 great demand as a speaker and also pub- 
 lished several books and pamphlets on re- 
 ligious themes, e.g., Paradox and Principle, 
 Cincinnati, 1938. WWW 3 
 
 HILL, JOHN WESLEY (Jan. 1831-Jan. 2, 
 1913), clergyman, father of John W. Hill 
 (q.v.), was born in Fayette County. He was 
 a Methodist minister for more than fifty 
 years. He died in New York City. He wrote 
 an autobiographical volume: Life Sketches. 
 Fifty Years in the Itineracy, Ada, 1904. 
 
 HILL, JOHN WESLEY (May 8, 1863-Oct. 
 12, 1936), clergyman, son of John W. Hill 
 (q.v.), was born in Kalida, Putnam County. 
 After graduating from Ohio Northern Uni- 
 versity in 1887, he was ordained to the 
 Methodist ministry and served pastorates in 
 various states. He was also chancellor of 
 Lincoln Memorial University, 1916-36. A 
 very popular lecturer, he may have estab- 
 lished a marathon record for nonpolitical 
 oratory on July 4, 1917, when he delivered 
 ten addresses in various parts of New York 
 City. He died in Washington, D. C. His 
 writings include Abraham Lincoln, Man of 
 God, New York, 1920. 
 
 HILL, LAWRENCE FRANCIS (Nov. 19, 
 1890- ), educator, born in Cass County, 
 Texas, was a member of the history faculty, 
 Ohio State University, 1922-59. Besides pro- 
 fessional articles, he has written The Con- 
 federate Exodus to Latin America, [Austin?, 
 Texas], 1936. WW 28 
 
 HILL, THOMAS (Jan. 7, 1818-Nov. 21, 
 1891), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in New Brunswick, N. J. A graduate of 
 Harvard University in 1843 and the Divinity 
 School in 1845, he was a Unitarian minis- 
 ter in Waltham, Mass., until 1859, when 
 he was chosen to succeed Horace Mann 
 as president of Antioch College. When the 
 
 college was closed by the Civil War, he 
 became president of Harvard. He published 
 a geometry textbook, several addresses, and 
 a book of poems: In the Woods, and Else- 
 where, Boston, 1888. 
 
 HILLER, ROBERT HENRY (May 4, 1864- 
 June 13, 1944), educator, was born in Ger- 
 man Valley, N. J. He graduated from Wit- 
 tenberg College in 1899 and was professor 
 of Greek there, 1911-43. He died in 
 Cooperstown, N. Y. He published a volume 
 containing translations from the Greek and 
 a number of original poems: Along the 
 Way, and Other Poems, New York, [1940]. 
 
 HILLES, FREDERICK WHILEY (June 1, 
 1900- ), educator, was born in Lancaster, 
 Fairfield County. He studied at Yale Uni- 
 versity (A.B.. 1922: Ph.D., 1926) and has 
 been a member of the Yale English faculty 
 since 1926, except for four years' service 
 in the army during World War II. He has 
 published articles and books on the eigh- 
 teenth century, e.g., The Literary Career of 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, New York, 1936. 
 WW 30 
 
 HILLES, HOWARD (Sept. 12, 1877-March 
 1, 1952). was born near Alliance, Stark 
 County. He attended the public schools of 
 Alliance and spent two years at Mount 
 Union College. In 1906 he settled on a 
 farm near Bourbon, Ind. His verse ap- 
 peared in local newspapers, and he published 
 a collection: Untravelled Trails, Boston, 
 1916. IATB 
 
 HILLS, NORMAN EDWIN (Jan. 4, 1868- 
 Dec. 20, 1944), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He was employed by 
 Dolphin Paint and Varnish Co., Toledo, 
 until his retirement in 1929. He died in 
 Willoughby. For some years he lived on 
 Kelleys Island, the subject of his book, A 
 History of Kelleys Island . . . , Toledo, 
 1925. 
 
 HILLS, OSCAR ARMSTRONG (Dec. 13, 
 1837-Jan. 9, 1919), clergyman, was born 
 in Brownsville, Ind. He served Presbyterian 
 churches in Cincinnati. 1865-78, and 
 Wooster, 1885-1907; and after his retire- 
 ment in 1907, he continued to live in 
 Wooster. He published a number of ser- 
 mons not listed below. 
 Companion Characters: A Series of Studies 
 
 in Bible Biography . . . , New York, 
 
 [1883]. 
 Carmina Subsecvia: Songs from Near and 
 
 Far, New York, [1900]. 
 New Shafts in the Old Mine; An Exposi- 
 
Himes 
 
 300 
 
 tion of Some Classic Passages of Holy 
 Scripture, Philadelphia, 1906. 
 
 The Testimony of the Witnesses; A Devo- 
 tional and Homiletical Exposition of the 
 Acts of the Apostles, New York, [1913]. 
 
 Familiar Talks on Sermon Building, New 
 York, [1918]. 
 
 HIMES, CHESTER BOMAR (July 29, 1909- 
 ), born in Jefferson, Mo., lived in Cleve- 
 land from 1924 until 1941. After gradu- 
 ating from East High School in 1926, he 
 attended Ohio State University for one year. 
 He worked at various jobs around Cleve- 
 land and sold his first short story to Es- 
 quire magazine in 1934. While associated 
 with the Ohio Writers' Project, he worked 
 on a history of Cleveland. For a time in 
 the early 1940s he worked at Malabar 
 Farm, owned by Louis Bromfield. He has 
 published several realistic and significant 
 studies of race problems since the publica- 
 tion of his first novel: // He Hollers Let 
 Him Go, New York, 1945. ANT 
 
 HINE, LUCIUS ALONZO (Feb. 22, 1819- 
 1906), reformer, was born in Berlin, Erie 
 County, a community in which the seeds 
 of social unrest were even then sprouting 
 and which would become known for the 
 number of its communitarian experiments, 
 from communities based on purely Fourieris- 
 tic principles to the love cult that aroused 
 the risibilities of Artemus Ward. He became 
 an open-minded, nonconformist editor and 
 publisher whose philosophy placed him some- 
 where in the middle ground between his 
 friends, the gentle Fourierist John O. Wat- 
 tles, and the fanatical Orson Murray (q.v.). 
 Indoctrinated in the new social ideas abroad 
 in the land, Hine studied law in Cincinnati 
 and, for a time, served on the faculty of 
 Woodward College. In Nov., 1844, he started 
 the Western Literary Journal and Monthly 
 Magazine in association with E. Z. C. Jud- 
 son (Ned Buntline) (q.v.). Hine was to 
 furnish $1,000, while Judson was to serve 
 as editor and produce $500. As it turned 
 out, Judson furnished little more than his 
 name, and Hine was forced to supply not 
 only much more than the original $1,500, 
 but to serve as editor as well. Thus a really 
 promising journal folded up after the ap- 
 pearance of the April, 1845, number. Among 
 its contributors were William D. Gallagher, 
 Donn Piatt, Mrs. R. S. Nichols, Mrs. Lee 
 Hentz, Albert Pike, Otway Curry, L. C. 
 Draper, Emerson Bennett, and W. Gilmore 
 Simms. The following January he established 
 The Quarterly Journal and Review, which 
 was published through the year 1846. De- 
 voting considerable space to his views on 
 political and social economy, Hine continued 
 
 to give prominence to literary topics. It 
 contained contributions from most of the 
 writers already mentioned, and several sci- 
 entific papers on "Geology" by David Dale 
 Owen. In the meanwhile Hine had become 
 identified with John O. Wattles, J. P. Cor- 
 nell, Paschal B. Smith, and others, who had 
 established a spiritualistic "Brotherhood" 
 or community on the remains of the old 
 Clermont Phalanx, near Rural, Clermont 
 County. The organ of this brotherhood was 
 the Herald of Progression, which Wattles 
 published in Cincinnati from April, 1845, 
 to Dec, 1846. In Jan., 1847, the Herald 
 of Progression and The Quarterly Journal 
 and Review were merged into the Herald 
 of Truth, a merger which did not, however, 
 result in the Herald of Truth becoming the 
 organ of the "Brotherhood" as Venable 
 asserts. On the contrary, aside from an 
 article in the second number by J. P. Cor- 
 nell, "The New Philosophy," in which is 
 set forth what is obviously the dogma of 
 the "Brotherhood," there are no references 
 to that organization. Wattles contributed 
 two articles quite in keeping with the gen- 
 eral content of the magazine, and dropped 
 out of the picture after March, 1847. Hines 
 edited volume two in absentia, while he was 
 away for six months assisting David Dale 
 Owen in the geological survey of "the far 
 northwestern territories." Well printed, re- 
 taining some of the flavor of the Quarterly 
 Journal, but much superior in literary style, 
 the Herald of Truth was by far the best of 
 Hine's publications. Sandwiched in between 
 articles on social and political reform were 
 poems by Coates Kinney, Sarah T. Bolton 
 and Emerson Bennett and nearly thirty 
 contributions by the Cary sisters. His edi- 
 torials were few and were, for the most 
 part, blistering attacks aimed at obviously 
 slanted judicial opinions. In July, 1848, he 
 suspended the Herald of Truth and turned 
 his attention to spelling and writing reform. 
 He joined hands with the Fourierists, Elias 
 and Alcander Longley (qq.v.), and served 
 as one of the editors of Type of the Times 
 from 1848 to 1859. In 1849, one J. S. 
 Hitchcock started in Cincinnati the Quar- 
 terly Review with Hine as editor. It was 
 suspended after the publication of the sec- 
 ond number, Hitchcock having mysteriously 
 disappeared while canvassing for sub- 
 scribers in Chicago. For a short time in 
 1850 Hine edited the Cincinnati daily 
 Nonpareil. He made his final attempt to 
 establish a magazine in 1869, when he pub- 
 lished three numbers of Hine's Quarterly: 
 Devoted to Political, Financial, Labor and 
 Moral Reforms. Possessed of a striking 
 personal appearance and a splendid voice, 
 
301 
 
 Hinsdale, B. A. 
 
 he turned to the lecture platform, where he 
 enjoyed considerable popularity as a lec- 
 turer on reforms and educational topics. He 
 spent the last years of his life in seclusion at 
 his home near Loveland. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Hine's Political and Social Economy, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1852. 
 Priz Esa on Muni-getting and Munispend- 
 
 ing, Cincinnati, 1854. 
 Plea for Harmonic Education . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1856. 
 The Highest Steeple . . . , Cincinnati, 1858. 
 The Money-changer: Or, the Law and the 
 Profits. A Drama of Land and Educa- 
 tional Reform, Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
 HINMAN, WALTER FISK (c.l841-March 
 21, 1905), journalist, was born in Ohio, 
 probably in Richland County. In Oct., 1861, 
 he enlisted in the 65th O.V.I, as a private; 
 he served throughout the war, was wounded 
 at Chickamauga, and was discharged in 
 Victoria, Texas, as lieutenant colonel on 
 Nov. 30, 1865. He edited the Alliance 
 Review, worked on the Cleveland Herald 
 and the Leader, and was county clerk of 
 Cuyahoga County. His last years were 
 spent in Washington. D. C, where he 
 worked in the Census Bureau. The proto- 
 type of his Si Klegg is said to have been 
 Israel Gaskill, a Civil War soldier from 
 Marlboro. The name was also used for a 
 series of humorous books by John McElroy 
 (q.v.). It has been suggested that Hinman's 
 Si Klegg and His "Pard" may have influ- 
 enced Stephen Crane in writing The Red 
 Badge of Courage. 
 Si Klegg and His "Pard" . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 1887. 
 Camp and Field. Sketches of Army Life 
 
 . . . , Cleveland, [1892]. 
 The Story of the Sherman Brigade . . . , 
 
 [Alliance], 1897. 
 
 HINSDALE, BURKE AARON (March 31, 
 1837-Nov. 29, 1900), minister, author, 
 historian, educator, was born in Wads- 
 worth, Medina County. The Hinsdales were 
 one of the first 23 families to settle at 
 Wadsworth. Elisha Hinsdale, the grand- 
 father, a Revolutionary War veteran with 
 experience at Valley Forge, had pioneered 
 to this part of Ohio in 1817. His son Albert 
 was eight years old at the time. Albert 
 eventually married Clarinda Elvira Eyles, 
 daughter of Judge William and Polly Eyles, 
 who resided at Clark's Corners, northwest 
 of Wadsworth. Burke Aaron Hinsdale was 
 the second child and eldest son of this mar- 
 riage. Young Hinsdale grew up in the midst 
 of pioneer hardship and struggle in this 
 
 Western Reserve community. He attended 
 the district school and was an eager student, 
 more fond of books than outdoor activi- 
 ties. He particularly enjoyed participating in 
 the popular local debating societies. His 
 mother's family had identified itself very 
 early with the religious movement known as 
 the Disciples of Christ. In fact, many pro- 
 tracted meetings were held in Judge Eyles's 
 barn. Alexander Campbell preached there 
 in 1833 and was well known to the family. 
 It is no wonder that when Burke Aaron 
 Hinsdale was ready to go away to school at 
 the age of sixteen he chose Western Reserve 
 Eclectic Institute, a new Disciples institu- 
 tion at Hiram. He enrolled at the institute 
 on Nov. 21, 1853. It was at Hiram that he 
 met James Abram Garfield (q.v.) and be- 
 came a devoted admirer and lifelong friend 
 of this man who was destined to become 
 President of the United States. For the fol- 
 lowing eight years he pursued studies at the 
 "Eclectic" with his academic work being 
 interrupted many times by teaching various 
 terms in district and select schools in and 
 around Hiram. He married Mary Eliza Tur- 
 ner in 1862 when he was operating a select 
 school at Sharon Center. That same year he 
 received an appointment as professor of 
 English at the Hiram institute. This ex- 
 perience was followed by a five-year interval 
 in the preaching ministry. During this 
 period he served Disciples churches at 
 Hiram, Solon, and Cleveland. When he 
 closed his ministry at Franklin Circle 
 Church of Christ in Cleveland in 1868, he 
 would never again hold a regular pastorate. 
 Apparently he discovered that preaching 
 was not his best field. He was not a popular 
 minister, his sermons being too cold and in- 
 tellectual for the congregations of his day. 
 In 1869 he was on the faculty of Alliance 
 College, a new Disciples school destined to 
 be short-lived. His ability as an educator 
 was recognized by the trustees of Hiram 
 College, and he was elected to the presi- 
 dency of this school (the successor of 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute) on July 
 1, 1870. He was 34 years old at the time. 
 He came into his own as a teacher, school 
 administrator, and writer in the twelve 
 years that followed at Hiram College. The 
 school had reached college rank only three 
 years before, had been administered by able 
 men, including James Abram Garfield, but 
 it was Hinsdale who really raised the school 
 to college stature. Though not popular as a 
 preacher, he was very successful as a 
 speaker for teachers' associations and as a 
 leader in educational conferences. He had 
 many reasons for being discouraged with his 
 religious brethren at this time because many 
 
Hinsdale, B. A. 
 
 302 
 
 considered Hiram College a sinking ship, 
 but he kept faith with his constituency in 
 spite of little financial support. During his 
 presidency at Hiram he wrote three major 
 religious books and three of a political 
 nature. His religious writings were The 
 Genuineness and Authenticity of the Gos- 
 pels (1872), The Jewish-Christian Church 
 (1878), and Ecclesiastical Tradition (1879). 
 He also was a frequent contributor of ar- 
 ticles to the Christian Quarterly, the Chris- 
 tian Standard, and the Christian-Evangelist, 
 periodicals of his denomination. He served 
 the Ohio Christian Missionary Society 
 (state organization of the Disciples) as re- 
 cording secretary (1870-78), as a member 
 of the board of managers (1867-70, 1883), 
 and as president (1878-82), During this time 
 he was a member of the East Ohio Min- 
 isters' Association (Disciples) and served 
 a term as president. When James Abram 
 Garfield was nominated by his party as a 
 candidate for the office of the Presidency 
 of the United States, he turned to his friend 
 Hinsdale for help. They were intimate 
 friends, each sharing the confidence of the 
 other. Hinsdale left his classes and took 
 the stump for Garfield, making political 
 speeches in Ohio and Indiana. His most 
 important contribution, however, was his 
 acceptance of a commission to write the offi- 
 cial Republican Text-hook for the Cam- 
 paign of 1880. Garfield was a dark horse 
 nominee and voters outside Ohio knew 
 little about him. Hinsdale's campaign book 
 interpreted Garfield the man to the public 
 and presented him as a type of person that 
 would be popular with the American voters. 
 The book was used extensively during the 
 campaign. Following the untimely death of 
 President Garfield, Hinsdale authored the 
 volume President Garfield and Education 
 (1882) as a Hiram College memorial. Later, 
 he edited a two-volume edition of Garfield's 
 speeches, entitled The Works of James 
 Abram Garfield (1882-83). These books 
 were all well written and gave Hinsdale an 
 insight into political history which served 
 him well in later years. His intimate friend- 
 ship with the President was demonstrated 
 by a comment he made at Garfield's death 
 when he told a friend that he must begin 
 the readjustment of himself to the world, 
 since Garfield was no longer in it. By this 
 time Hinsdale had become well known in 
 educational circles, and he was elected 
 superintendent of the public schools at 
 Cleveland, serving from 1882 to 1886. The 
 Cleveland schools were in a textbook squab- 
 ble at this period as well as being plagued 
 with local patronage scandals. These factors 
 probably prevented his administration from 
 
 being very significant; at least they contrib- 
 uted to his failure of re-election in 1886. 
 Though he was appreciated by the educators, 
 he could not cope with the local politicians. 
 His annual reports as superintendent and 
 his contributions to educational journals, 
 however, gave him recognition outside of 
 Cleveland. While superintendent he pro- 
 duced one major book, Schools and Studies 
 (1884). After leaving the Cleveland school 
 system he did free-lance writing for edu- 
 cational journals and authored another 
 major book, The Old Northwest (1888), 
 which was popular for many years. In 1888 
 he was offered the Chair of Science and 
 Art of Teaching at the University of Michi- 
 gan. It was in this position, which he held 
 to the time of his death, that he became 
 nationally known as an outstanding educa- 
 tor. The books written while on the uni- 
 versity faculty were significant, useful, and 
 widely studied in schools and colleges 
 throughout the nation. He was a pioneer in 
 the field of educational textbooks. Among 
 the better known of these books are The 
 American Government (1891), How To 
 Study and Teach History (1894), Jesus as 
 a Teacher (1895), Teaching the Language 
 Arts (1896), Studies in Education (1896), 
 and The Art of Study (1900). His manu- 
 script History of the University of Michi- 
 gan (1906) was edited by I. N. Demmon 
 and published after Hinsdale's death. He 
 was a member of the Michigan State Teach- 
 ers Association, the Michigan Schoolmas- 
 ters Club, the American Council on Edu- 
 cation, the National Educational Association, 
 the Historical and Archeological Society 
 of Ohio, the Old Northwest Genealogical 
 Society, and the American Historical Asso- 
 ciation, and was an honorary member of 
 the Historical Society of Virginia. His 
 monograph The Training of Teachers won 
 a medal at the Paris Exposition. Though he 
 never received an earned academic degree, 
 he held honorary Master of Arts degrees 
 from both Bethany and Williams Colleges, 
 an honorary Ph.D. degree from Ohio State 
 University, and honorary LL.D. degrees 
 from Hiram College and Ohio University. 
 When he died at Atlanta, Ga., President 
 Angell of the University of Michigan wrote 
 of him: 
 
 He was generous in his judgments of 
 others, but independent and fearless in 
 forming and expressing his opinions of 
 measures, whether educational, political, 
 or religious. There was a noble manliness 
 in him, an upright and downright integ- 
 rity of make, an inspiring devotion to 
 whatever is uplifting for men, which com- 
 manded universal respect and esteem, and 
 
303 
 
 Hochwalt 
 
 which will make his memory ever dear 
 to all of us who had the good fortune to 
 know him. 
 
 Henry K. Shaw 
 
 The Genuineness and Authenticity of the 
 Gospels . . . , Cincinnati, 1872. 
 
 Hiram College .... [Cleveland?. 1876]. 
 
 The Jewish-Christian Church . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1878. 
 
 Our Common Schools . . . , Cleveland, 
 1878. 
 
 Arabella Mason Rudolph: Her Ancestry, 
 Life, and Character, Cleveland. 1879. 
 
 Ecclesiastical Tradition: Its Origin and Early 
 Growth . . . , Cincinnati, 1879. 
 
 The Life and Character of James A. Gar- 
 field, [New York?, 1880]. 
 
 The Republican Text-book for the Cam- 
 paign of 1880 . . . , New York, 1880. 
 
 President Garfield and Education . . . , 
 Boston, 1882. 
 
 Schools and Studies, Boston, 1884. 
 
 The Old Northwest . . . , New York, 1888. 
 
 Jesus as a Teacher and the Making of the 
 New Testament, St. Louis, Mo., 1895. 
 
 Studies in Education: Science, Art, History, 
 Chicago, [1896]. 
 
 Horace Mann and the Common School 
 Revival in the United States, New York, 
 1898. 
 
 History of the University of Michigan . . . , 
 Ann Arbor, 1906. 
 
 HINSDALE, WILBERT B. (May 25, 1854- 
 July 25, 1944), physician and educator, was 
 born in Wadsworth, Medina County. He 
 graduated from Hiram College in 1875 and 
 Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College in 
 1887. From 1895 until his retirement he 
 was on the faculty of the University of 
 Michigan, and after retiring he was asso- 
 ciated with the University museum. He 
 wrote a number of books on archaeology, 
 e.g.. The First People of Michigan, Ann 
 Arbor, [1930]. WWW 2 
 
 HINTON, WALTER (Nov. 10, 1889- ), 
 aviator, was born in Van Wert, Van Wert 
 County. He entered the navy in 1907 and 
 was a pioneer airplane pilot, participating 
 in many major nights, including a trans- 
 Atlantic flight, May 31. 1919. He now lives 
 in Fort Lauderdale, Fla. He has written 
 Opportunities in Aviation, New York, 
 [1929]. WW 27 
 
 HIPSHER, EDWARD ELLSWORTH 
 
 (March 28, 1871-March 7, 1948), musi- 
 cian, was born in Caledonia, Marion County. 
 He graduated from Valparaiso University 
 in 1890 and later studied abroad. He served 
 on the music faculties of several institu- 
 
 tions and was associate editor of Etude, 
 1920—40, during which period he lived in 
 Marion. His books on music include Amer- 
 ican Opera and Its Composers . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, [1927]. WWW 2 
 
 HIRSCH, ARTHUR HENRY (May 21, 
 1878- ), educator, born in Le Mars, 
 Iowa, was a member of the history faculty, 
 Ohio Wesleyan University, 1919-34. He 
 now lives in Detroit, Mich. He has pub- 
 lished many professional articles and The 
 Huguenots of Colonial South Carolina, Dur- 
 ham, N. C, 1928. WW 30 
 
 HITCHCOCK, EMBURY ASBURY (June 
 26, 1866-April 29, 1948), engineer and 
 educator, born in Henrietta, N. Y., was on 
 the faculty of Ohio State University, 1893- 
 1912 and 1920-36, during the latter period 
 as dean of the school of engineering. After 
 his retirement he continued to live in Co- 
 lumbus. Besides technical and professional 
 articles, he wrote with the assistance of 
 Merrill Weed an autobiographical volume: 
 My Fifty Years in Engineering, Caldwell, 
 Idaho, 1939. WWW 2 
 
 HITTELL, JOHN SHERTZER (Dec. 25, 
 1825-March 8, 1901), statistician and au- 
 thor, brother of Theodore H. Hittell (q.v.), 
 was born in Jonestown, Pa. The family 
 moved to Hamilton in 1831, where the 
 father practiced surgery. John graduated 
 from Miami University in 1843 and studied 
 law in Hamilton for a time. The gold rush 
 of 1849 drew him to California, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life and wrote 
 numerous historical works and books on 
 more controversial subjects, e.g., The Evi- 
 dences against Christianity, [San Francisco, 
 1856]. 
 
 HITTELL, THEODORE HENRY (April 5, 
 1830-Feb. 23, 1917), author and lawyer, 
 was born in Marietta, Pa. His father moved 
 to Hamilton in 1831, and here he was edu- 
 cated and practiced law from 1852 to 1855. 
 In 1855 he followed his brother John (q.v.) 
 to California. After a period in San Fran- 
 cisco journalism, he began the practice of 
 law. His most admirable literary work is 
 his four-volume History of California, [San 
 Francisco, 1885-97]. 
 
 HOCHWALT, ALBERT FREDERICK (Dec. 
 
 24. 1869-July 24, 1938), publisher, was 
 born in Dayton, Montgomery County, which 
 remained his lifelong home. He established 
 a publishing firm to bring out works deal- 
 ing with nature. Besides many books on 
 dogs and field sports, he wrote a novel: 
 Greymist . . . , New York, [1925]. WWW 1 
 
Hocking 
 
 304 
 
 HOCKING, WILLIAM ERNEST (Aug. 10, 
 1875- ), educator, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Harvard University (A.B., 1901; Ph.D., 
 1904) and was on the Harvard faculty as 
 professor of philosophy, 1914-43. He has 
 published textbooks and other books on re- 
 ligion and philosophy, e.g., Morale and Its 
 Enemies, New Haven, [Conn.], 1918. WW 
 30 
 
 HODDER, ALFRED (Sept. 18, 1866-March 
 4, 1907), was born in Celina, Mercer 
 County. He attended school in Cincinnati, 
 studied at home, read law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Colorado bar in 1889. He did 
 graduate work at Harvard University and 
 after 1898 devoted himself to writing. Using 
 the pen name Francis Walton, he collabo- 
 rated with Josiah Flint Willard (pen name, 
 Josiah Flint) in writing a book about New 
 York, The Powers That Prey. 
 The Powers That Prey, (with Josiah Flint), 
 
 New York, 1900. 
 The New Americans, New York, 1901. 
 A Flight for the City, New York, 1903. 
 
 HODGE, ORLANDO J. (Nov. 25, 1828- 
 April 16, 1912), journalist, was born in 
 Hamburg, N. Y. He worked his passage 
 on a lake boat to Cleveland in 1842, and 
 after serving in the Mexican War he at- 
 tended Geauga Seminary. During the Civil 
 War he lived in Litchfield, Conn., and 
 served two terms in the Connecticut legis- 
 lature. In 1867 he returned to Cleveland, 
 where he held various political positions 
 and was owner-editor of the Sun and Voice, 
 1878-89. He compiled a family history, 
 and under the initials O.J.H. published his 
 autobiography: Reminiscences, 2 vols., 
 Cleveland, 1902-10. 
 
 HODGE, T. SHIRBY. Pseud. See Russel L. 
 Tracy. 
 
 HODGSON, RALPH (1871- ), was born 
 in Yorkshire, England. After working as a 
 draftsman on the pictorial staff of a Lon- 
 don newspaper and as editor of Fry's Maga- 
 zine, he taught English literature at Sendai 
 University, Japan, and Imperial University, 
 Tokyo. In Japan he married a missionary- 
 teacher who had been born in Canton, and 
 in 1941 they settled on an isolated farm, 
 which he has named "Owlairee," in north- 
 ern Carroll County seven miles from Min- 
 erva. In twenty years he has left his rural 
 home on only two occasions. A recluse 
 throughout most of his life, he has given 
 few interviews, and few biographical details 
 are known. In 1946 he received an award 
 
 from the National Institute of Arts and 
 Letters, and in 1954 he was awarded the 
 Queen's Medal for Poetry. Most of his 
 major poems were published between 1907 
 and 1913, but he has published Poems, New 
 York, 1924, and also three small collec- 
 tions since settling in Ohio. TCA 
 
 HODSON, JOSEPH (Feb. 20, 1822-Nov. 3, 
 1912), was born in Staffordshire, England. 
 He came to America in 1846, and after a 
 year in Philadelphia he settled in Steuben- 
 ville. He later moved to East Liverpool, 
 where he died at the age of ninety. Ap- 
 parently only one of the two volumes of 
 the title below was actually published. 
 Miscellaneous Poems, in Two Volumes, 
 Wellsville, 1866. 
 
 HOECK, LOUIS GEORGE (June 30, 1863- 
 Dec. 15, 1952), clergyman, born in Paisley, 
 Scotland, graduated from the University of 
 Glasgow and practiced law in Scotland for 
 ten years, After coming to America he be- 
 came a pastor in the Church of the New 
 Jerusalem. He came to Cincinnati in 1908 
 and served as general pastor for the Ohio 
 Association. He retired from the ministry 
 in 1938. He was active in the musical life 
 of Cincinnati. He published several books 
 on the Swedenborgian religion, e.g., My 
 Church, Minneapolis, Minn., [1913]. 
 
 HOEHLER, FRED KENNETH (June 6, 
 1893- ), born in Shenandoah, Pa., lived 
 in Cincinnati, 1915-40. He was director of 
 public welfare, 1927-35, and director of 
 safety, 1933-35. He left Cincinnati to be- 
 come welfare director of Illinois. He has 
 written numerous articles and books on 
 social questions, e.g., Europe's Homeless 
 Millions, [New York, 1946]. WW 30 
 
 HOFF, EMANUEL BUECHLEY (Dec. 21, 
 1860-Dec. 28, 1928), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Wooster, Wayne County. 
 Ordained a minister of the Church of the 
 Brethren in 1884, he served various churches 
 in the Middle West and taught at Man- 
 chester College and Bethany Bible School. 
 His books include The Message of the 
 Book of Revelation, Chicago, [1919]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 HOFFMAN, ALBERT FRANK (Feb. 3, 
 1867-May 24, 1950), mailman, was born 
 in Millersburg, Ky., but when he was four 
 his family moved to Cincinnati. At the age 
 of twelve he left school to work for the 
 Cincinnati Street Railway Company. He 
 also worked as a tailor and as a janitor in 
 the Cincinnati schools. He was a mailman 
 
305 
 
 Holbrook, R. H. 
 
 from 1891 to 1928. He published numerous 
 
 poems in Cincinnati newspapers, many of 
 
 which were reprinted in the two collections 
 
 below. 
 
 Of the Tribe of Judali, and Other Poems, 
 
 [Cincinnati, 1891]. 
 Driftwood, Cincinnati, 1907. 
 
 HOFFMAN, CHARLES W. (July 31, 1870- 
 ), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 Glendale, Hamilton County. He studied at 
 National Normal University, 1887-88, taught 
 school for a few years, and studied law 
 at the University of Cincinnati. Admitted 
 to the bar in 1893, he practiced in Cin- 
 cinnati until 1915, when he became judge 
 of juvenile and domestic relations courts; 
 he later served as judge of the common 
 pleas court. He retired in 1956. 
 Oak Hill . . . , Norwood, [1896]. 
 The Story of a Country Church, [Cincin- 
 nati, 1902]. 
 
 HOGE, WILLIAM JAMES (1821-July 5, 
 1864), Presbyterian clergyman, born in 
 Hampden Sydney, Va., spent a few years 
 of his boyhood in Ohio while his father, 
 Samuel Davies Hoge, was serving churches 
 in Hillsborough and Rock Spring and was a 
 member of the Ohio University faculty. He 
 was taken back to Virginia in 1826, when 
 his father died. He was a pastor in New 
 York, a teacher at Union Theological Semi- 
 nary, and a pastor in Petersburg, where he 
 died of fever during the siege. He achieved 
 considerable success with a story based on 
 the Biblical character Bartimeus: Blind 
 Bartimeus . . . , New York, 1859. 
 
 HOLBROOK, ALFRED (Feb. 17, 1816- 
 April 16. 1909), pioneer in the professional 
 training of teachers, was born in Derby, 
 Conn. He came to the Western Reserve in 
 the early 1840s and became a teacher at 
 the lyceum in Berea and later was principal 
 of Baldwin University. On Nov. 24, 1855, 
 he became principal of the normal school at 
 Lebanon, which had been established by 
 the Southwestern Normal School Associa- 
 tion. After the first year he operated it as 
 a private enterprise and introduced innova- 
 tions that so reduced living expenses as to 
 bring a college education within reach of 
 many who could not otherwise obtain it. 
 He wrote a grammar textbook and two 
 education texts: The Normal: Or, Methods 
 of Teaching the Common Branches . . . 
 (1859) and School Management (1871). 
 Despite the popularity of National Normal 
 University, a steadily increasing enrollment, 
 and the employment of several members 
 of Holbrook's family as teachers, the school 
 encountered financial difficulties and was 
 
 forced into receivership in 1895. Alfred 
 Holbrook died fourteen years later in 
 Lebanon. 
 
 Reminiscences of the Happy Life of a 
 Teacher, Cincinnati, 1885. 
 
 HOLBROOK, JOSIAH (1788-June 17, 1854), 
 educator, father of Alfred Holbrook (q.v.), 
 was born in Derby. Conn. An active or- 
 ganizer of lyceums for adult education, he 
 was invited to Berea by John Baldwin in 
 1837. The Lyceum Village he established 
 there failed in 1842, but Holbrook remained 
 in Berea until 1852, manufacturing globe 
 maps. Throughout his life he published a 
 great many pamphlets on education and 
 textbooks in geology and mathematics. 
 
 HOLBROOK, MARTIN LUTHER (Feb. 3, 
 1831-Aug. 12, 1902), medical writer and 
 publisher, was born in Mantua, Portage 
 County. He studied at Ohio University and 
 at an institution known as the Normal 
 School of Physical Culture. He was as- 
 sociate editor of the Ohio Farmer, 1859- 
 61. In 1864 he began as a medical pub- 
 lisher in New York City. He edited the 
 Herald of Health and was a prolific writer 
 of books on medical subjects for laymen. 
 Eating for Strength . . . , New York, 1875. 
 Liver Complaint, Nervous Dyspepsia, and 
 
 Headache . . . , New York, [1877]. 
 Hygiene of the Brain and Nerves . . . , 
 
 New York, 1878. 
 Marriage and Parentage . . . , New York, 
 
 1882. 
 How to Strengthen the Memory . . . , New 
 
 York, [1886]. 
 The Hygienic Treatment of Consumption 
 
 . . . , New York, [1893?]. 
 Chastity, Its Physical, Intellectual, and 
 
 Moral Advantages, New York, [1894]. 
 Stirpiculture; Or, the Improvement of Off- 
 spring through Wiser Generation, New 
 
 York, 1897. 
 
 HOLBROOK, REGINALD HEBER (April 
 10, 1845-1910), educator, was born in 
 Berea, Cuyahoga County, where his father, 
 Alfred Holbrook (q.v.), was principal of 
 Baldwin University. In 1855 Alfred Hol- 
 brook became president of Normal Univer- 
 sity, and Reginald spent the rest of his 
 boyhood in Lebanon. He served in the 
 Civil War in the 35th O.V.I, and in the 
 Signal Corps. After two years as superin- 
 tendent of schools in Vineland, N. J., he 
 joined the faculty of Normal University and 
 served as professor and vice president. Be- 
 sides the title below, he published a num- 
 ber of textbooks in history, literature, and 
 natural philosophy. 
 
Holcomb 
 
 306 
 
 An Outline of the Life of Jesus the Christ, 
 [Lebanon, 1874]. 
 
 HOLCOMB, CARLYSLE HENRY (June 1, 
 1888- ), clergyman, was born in Pier- 
 pont, Ashtabula County. He attended Ash- 
 tabula public schools, Bethany College, and 
 Kansas City University. Ordained to the 
 ministry in the Disciples of Christ Church, 
 he served pastorates in Croton and Barber- 
 ton in Ohio and in other states. He now 
 lives in Kansas City, Kan. He has written 
 By This I Conquer, Cynthiana, Ky., 1945. 
 
 HOLCOMBE, RETURN IRA (Feb. 24, 1845- 
 1916), journalist, was born in Gallia 
 County. He served in the 10th Missouri 
 Regiment, 1861-65, worked on various 
 newspapers in Iowa and Missouri, and after 
 1888 lived in St. Paul, Minn. Besides the 
 title below, he contributed to various local 
 and county histories. 
 
 An Account of the Battle of Wilson's Creek 
 . . . , Springfield, Mo., 1883. 
 
 HOLCOMBE, WILLIAM HENRY (May 29, 
 1825-Nov. 28, 1893), homeopathic phy- 
 sician, was born in Virginia and spent 
 most of his life in the South. He practiced 
 medicine in Cincinnati, 1850-52; while 
 there he observed the success of homeo- 
 pathic methods in treating cholera and for 
 the rest of his life was a zealous advocate 
 of homeopathy. He wrote a number of med- 
 ical books, and after his conversion to 
 Swedenborgianism in 1852 he wrote several 
 books on religious themes. His writings in- 
 clude How I Became a Homeopath, Chi- 
 cago, 1869. 
 
 HOLDING, CARLISLE B. (Feb. 1, 1849- 
 May 27, 1929), clergyman, was born in 
 Georgetown, Ky. In 1890 he entered the 
 Ohio Conference of the Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church; he preached in Toledo and 
 in other Ohio towns until his retirement 
 in 1919. During the 1890s he published a 
 number of popular stories and novels. He 
 died in Akron. 
 "Cash," Or, Number 19 ... , New York, 
 
 1888. 
 Her Ben: A Tale of Royal Resolves, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1889. 
 Reuben, a Prince in Disguise, Cincinnati, 
 
 1890. 
 The Colonel's Charge . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1891. 
 The Little Corporal . . . , Cincinnati, 1891. 
 An Odd Fellow; A Tale of To-day, Cincin- 
 nati, 1895. 
 
 HOLLADAY, MRS. LEWIS L. See Elizabeth 
 M. Dinwiddie. 
 
 HOLLIDAY, CARL (March 2, 1879-Aug. 16, 
 1936), was born on a farm near Hanging 
 Rock, Lawrence County. He graduated 
 from the University of Tennessee in 1901 
 and the American University (Ph.D.) in 
 1922. After teaching English in a number 
 of Southern schools and colleges, he was 
 a member of the University of Toledo fac- 
 ulty, 1917-29, serving as dean, 1918-29. He 
 was on the faculty of California State Col- 
 lege, San Jose, 1929-36. He published text- 
 books, fiction, e.g., a collection of short 
 stories: The Old Man of the Woods, Los 
 Angeles, [1932], and several collections of 
 poetry, e.g.. The Cotton-Picker and Other 
 Poems, New York, 1907. WWW 1 
 
 HOLLIDAY, GEORGE H. (Dec. 11, 1847- 
 June 10, 1919), was born in Pomeroy, 
 Meigs County. He enlisted in the 4th West 
 Virginia Cavalry in Aug., 1863, transferred 
 to the 6th Cavalry, and served until his dis- 
 charge in May, 1866. In 1878 he was liv- 
 ing in Hanging Rock, Lawrence County, 
 and listed his occupation as stove-mounter. 
 He died in Knoxville, Tenn. His book is 
 one of the few narratives of the Powder 
 River Indian Expedition ever published. 
 On the Plains in '65 . . . Twelve Months in 
 
 the Volunteer Cavalry Service among the 
 
 Indians . . . , [n.p., 1883]. 
 
 HOLLINGTON, RICHARD DEMING (May 
 21, 1870-Aug. 7, 1944), clergyman, was 
 born in Toledo, Lucas County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1892 and was ordained to the Methodist 
 ministry in 1895. After serving churches in 
 Fostoria, Kenton, Toledo, and elsewhere, he 
 joined the faculty of Garrett Biblical Insti- 
 tute. A popular lecturer on art and psy- 
 chology, he also published three books on 
 the latter subject, e.g., Psychology Serving 
 Religion . . . , New York, [1938]. WWW 2 
 
 HOLLISTER, MARY BREWSTER (Aug. 
 31, 1891- ), was born in Foochow, 
 China, the daughter of Ohio-born mis- 
 sionaries. After spending her girlhood in 
 China, she graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1913. She and her husband, 
 George W. Hollister, were in educational 
 and social work in China. 1914-28. In 1930 
 he joined the faculty of Ohio Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity. They are now missionaries in 
 Malaya. She has written considerable fiction 
 about China, most of it for children, e.g., 
 Bright Skx Tomorrow, New York, [1940]. 
 WWNAA 7 
 
 HOLLOW AY, EPHRAIM S. (July 27, 1833- 
 1895), was born in Fairfield Township, Co- 
 
307 
 
 Holmes, W. H. 
 
 lumbiana County. He was a farmer and a 
 carpenter before the Civil War. In Oct., 
 1861, he enlisted in the 41st O.V.I, as a 
 private and rose through the ranks to com- 
 mand the regiment in 1864. After the war 
 he worked as a carpenter, edited the In- 
 dependent Register, read law, and after 1877 
 practiced in Columbiana. With Robert L. 
 Kimberley (q.v.), also an officer of the 
 41st, he prepared the regimental history 
 listed below. 
 
 The Forty-first Ohio Veteran Volunteer In- 
 fantry . . . , Cleveland, 1897. 
 
 HOLLYDAY, ROBERT H. (Sept. 1, 1815- 
 Oct. 30, 1905), clergyman, was born in 
 Ross County. He served Presbyterian 
 churches in various communities, including 
 Bellefontaine, Bellaire, Upper Sandusky, 
 and Findlay. He died in Findlay. 
 Centennial History of the Presbyterian 
 Church in Northwestern Ohio . . . , Ada, 
 1888. 
 
 HOLMAN, MARY VELORA (March 31, 
 1901- ), educator, was born in Circleville, 
 Pickaway County. She graduated from the 
 University of Vermont in 1924 and has done 
 graduate work in education at Columbia 
 University. She has been a psychiatric so- 
 cial worker, a high school teacher, and di- 
 rector of travel groups in Europe; she now 
 is director of guidance in the Orange, N. J., 
 schools. She has written How It Feels to 
 Be a Teacher, New York, 1950. 
 
 HOLMES, ARTHUR (May 5, 1872- ), 
 clergyman and educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Hiram College in 1899, was ordained 
 in the Disciples of Christ ministry the same 
 year, and received his Ph.D. at the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania in 1908. He served pas- 
 torates in several states and was on the fac- 
 ulty of various colleges before joining the 
 Butler University faculty in 1933. His resi- 
 dence is now Norwood, Pa. He has written 
 a number of books on education, philos- 
 ophy, and religion, e.g., The Mind of St. 
 Paul . . . , New York, 1929. WW 27 
 
 HOLMES, DANIEL HENRY (July 16, 1851- 
 Dec. 14, 1908), was born in New York 
 City. Reared near Covington, Ky., and ed- 
 ucated in France, he came to Cincinnati, 
 where he studied law and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1872. In 1883 he married Rachel 
 Gaff of Cincinnati, and the following year 
 left on an extensive tour of Europe. Under 
 the pen name Daniel Henry, Jun., he pub- 
 lished his first book, Under a Fool's Cap, 
 in London. Though it was a distinguished 
 
 volume of graceful lyrics based upon old 
 nursery rhymes, it would probably have re- 
 mained little known but for its discovery 
 and republication by Thomas Bird Mosher 
 around the turn of the century. Following 
 his marriage his life appears to have been 
 spent in shuttling back and forth between 
 Europe and the Ohio Valley. He died in 
 Hot Springs, Va., and was buried in Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 Under a Fool's Cap: Songs, London, 1884. 
 Hempen Homespun Songs, Cincinnati, 1906. 
 A Pedlar's Pack, New York, 1906. 
 
 HOLMES, HARRY NICHOLLS (July 10, 
 1879- ), chemist and educator, born in 
 Lawrence County, Pa., was on the Oberlin 
 College faculty, 1914-45, and after his re- 
 tirement continued to live in Oberlin. He 
 has written many scientific articles, chem- 
 istry textbooks, and Fifty Years of Indus- 
 trial Aluminum, Oberlin, 1937, WW 30 
 
 HOLMES, CAPTAIN HOWARD. Pseud. See 
 T. C. Harbaugh. 
 
 HOLMES, JAMES TAYLOR (Nov. 25, 1837- 
 Feb. 17, 1916), lawyer, was born at In- 
 dian Shortcreek, Harrison County. He at- 
 tended the county schools and was gradu- 
 ated from Franklin College in 1859. He 
 served in the Civil War with the 52nd 
 O.V.I. After the war he read law in Colum- 
 bus, was admitted to the bar in 1867, and 
 afterward practiced in Columbus, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life. 
 52nd O.V.I. Then and Now, Columbus, 
 
 1898. 
 Richmond Revisited by a Federal; 1865- 
 1905, Columbus, 1905. 
 
 HOLMES, MARGARET. Pseud. See Margaret 
 Holmes E. Bates. 
 
 HOLMES, WILLIAM HENRY (Dec. 1, 
 1846-April 20, 1933), was born near Cadiz, 
 Harrison County. He became interested in 
 drawing while still a schoolboy and decided 
 to make art his lifework. After spending 
 one term at Willoughby Collegiate Insti- 
 tute, he graduated from McNeely Normal 
 School, Hopedale, in 1870. He then went 
 to Washington, D. C, where an official of 
 the Smithsonian Institution observed him 
 sketching a mounted bird. The unusual ar- 
 tistic skill shown in his work led to his 
 being engaged as an artist. His connection 
 with the Smithsonian lasted sixty years, dur- 
 ing which period his major positions were 
 as an artist with the U. S. Geological Sur- 
 vey, 1872-75, head curator of the Depart- 
 ment of Anthropology at the National Mu- 
 
Holmgren 
 
 308 
 
 seum, 1897-1920, chief of the U. S. Bureau 
 of American Ethnology, 1902-10, and di- 
 rector of the National Gallery of Art, 
 1920-24. He also did field work in the Far 
 West and represented the United States in 
 scientific conferences in Europe and South 
 America. He wrote a great many articles, 
 reports, and technical monographs. 
 
 H. B. McConnell 
 Archaeological Studies among the Ancient 
 
 Cities of New Mexico, 2 parts, Chicago, 
 
 1895-97. 
 
 HOLMGREN, VIRGINIA CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 See Virginia Cunningham. 
 
 HOLMQUIST, AGNES. See Sigrid Arne. 
 
 HOLZWORTH, JOHN MICHAEL (May 28, 
 1888- ), lawyer and explorer, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He grad- 
 uated from Columbia University in 1910, 
 studied law at New York University, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1912. He prac- 
 ticed law in New York City and led expe- 
 ditions to the Northwest and Alaska for 
 the U. S. Biological Survey. He has written 
 a number of books, e.g., The Wild Griz- 
 zlies of Alaska . . . , New York, 1930. 
 WW 30 
 
 HONLINE, MOSES ALFRED (May 19, 
 1873-June 13, 1927), religious educator, 
 was born in Hillsboro, Highland County. 
 He attended Otterbein College, 1897-98, 
 and Ohio State University, 1898-1902. He 
 held various executive positions in the 
 United Brethren Church, the Y.M.C.A., and 
 various Sunday school associations. He pub- 
 lished several books relative to religious ed- 
 ucation, including An Outline of New Tes- 
 tament History, Pasadena, Calif., [1929]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 HOOD, EDMUND LYMAN (Aug. 18, 1858- 
 Aug. 14, 1931), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Ravenna, Portage County. He 
 graduated from the University of Minne- 
 sota in 1880, Yale Divinity School in 1885, 
 and New York University (Ph.D.) in 1899. 
 He was superintendent of missions and 
 schools of the Congregational Church in the 
 Southwest, 1886-94, president and profes- 
 sor of church history at Atlanta Theologi- 
 cal Seminary, 1905-19, a pastor in River 
 Edge, N. J., 1919-24, and professor on the 
 faculties of Honolulu Theological Seminary 
 and the University of Hawaii, 1924-31. He 
 wrote a number of books on religion and 
 education, e.g., The National Council of 
 Congregational Churches of the United 
 States, Boston, [1901]. WWW 1 
 
 HOOKER, ISABELLA BEECHER (Feb. 22, 
 1822-Jan. 25, 1907), daughter of Lyman 
 Beecher (q.v.), was born in Litchfield, 
 Conn. She accompanied her father to Cin- 
 cinnati in 1832, attended the school there 
 founded by her sister Catherine (q.v.), but 
 left after the death of her mother in 1835 
 to live with her sister Mary in Hartford, 
 Conn. She married John Hooker, a lawyer, 
 in 1841. She wrote and lectured on behalf 
 of women's suffrage but was often at odds 
 with the leaders of the movement, as she 
 was with several of her brothers and sis- 
 ters. She wrote a book defending the mo- 
 rality and domestic happiness of women 
 reformers: Womanhood: Its Sanctities and 
 Fidelities, Boston, 1874. 
 
 HOOPER, HENRY (Jan., 1830-Jan. 12, 
 1916), lawyer, was born in London, Eng- 
 land. After coming to America, he studied 
 at Cincinnati Law College and was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar in 1863. He was assistant 
 U. S. attorney in Cincinnati for over 25 
 years. He lived in Paris, France, for a num- 
 ber of years after his retirement. The first of 
 the titles below was published under the 
 pen name Ignio; the second, under Duc- 
 dame. 
 Morca, the Blind Page. A Tragedy in Five 
 
 Acts, Cincinnati, 1855. 
 Wash Bolton, M.D.; Or, the Life of an 
 
 Orator . . . , London, 1872. 
 The Lost Model. A Romance, Philadelphia, 
 
 1874. 
 
 HOOPER, OSMAN CASTLE (April 10, 
 1858-May 11, 1941), journalist and educa- 
 tor, was born near Alexandria, Licking 
 County. He graduated from Denison Uni- 
 versity in 1879 and began newspaper work 
 the following year as telegraph editor of 
 the Columbus Dispatch. In subsequent 
 years he served in the editorial departments 
 of that paper, the Columbus News, and the 
 Cincinnati Enquirer. He conducted a col- 
 umn in the Dispatch, a feature of which 
 was a daily bit of verse. He was professor 
 of journalism at Ohio State University, 
 1918-32. In 1928 he founded the Ohio 
 Journalism Hall of Fame. He published 
 several books, e.g., History of Ohio Jour- 
 nalism 1793-1933, Columbus, 1933. WWW 
 1 
 
 HOORMAN, FERDINAND (Feb. 9, 1892- 
 March 31, 1932), Roman Catholic priest, 
 was born in St. Mary's, Auglaize County. 
 He studied at St. Joseph's College, College- 
 ville, Ind., and at St. Charles' Seminary, 
 Carthagena, Mercer County, and was or- 
 dained to the priesthood in 1921. He was 
 
309 
 
 Hopkins, L. 
 
 assistant editor of the Precious Blood Mes- 
 senger, published in Carthagena, 1921-25, 
 and was chaplain of Notre Dame Convent, 
 Milwaukee, Wis., 1927-32. He published 
 Rivals on the Ridge, New York, [1930]. 
 
 HOOTMAN, GEORGE WARREN (July 29, 
 1861-Feb. 12, 1941), educator, was born 
 near Hicksville, Defiance County. He at- 
 tended Newville Academy, Ind., Defiance 
 County Normal School, and Valparaiso 
 University. He served on the faculty of 
 Eureka College, Eureka, 111. He died in 
 Minneapolis, Minn. He wrote Short Sketches 
 for Children and Young People, Minneap- 
 olis, 1934. 
 
 HOOVEN, HERRERT NELSON (Jan. 31, 
 1898- ), born in Hazelton, Pa., taught 
 in several universities, including Ohio Uni- 
 versity, 1932-35. After his retirement he 
 lived in Coolville, Athens County. He has 
 published several books, e.g., a volume of 
 poems: The Laughing One, Athens, 1937. 
 WW 28 
 
 HOOVER, DAVID (April 14, 1781-Sept. 12, 
 1866), born in Randolph County, N. C, 
 spent about six years of his boyhood in 
 Ohio before his parents moved to Indiana, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 He was a farmer and also was active in 
 Democratic politics. He wrote Memoirs 
 . . . , Richmond, Ind., 1857. 
 
 HOOVER, GUY ISRAEL (Nov. 12, 1872- 
 Feb. 10, 1943), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Croton, Licking County. He 
 graduated from Hiram College in 1899 and 
 was ordained to the Disciples of Christ 
 ministry in the same year. After serving 
 various pastorates in Ohio and other states, 
 he was a member of the Butler University 
 faculty, 1925-40. He died in Indianapolis. 
 His writings include The Disciples of Christ 
 and Their Educational Work in Indiana, 
 [Indianapolis, 1916]. RLA 2 
 
 HOOVER, SIMON RORERT (Sept. 25, 
 1867-June 28, 1936), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Bedford County, Pa. He 
 graduated from Baldwin University in 1889. 
 He taught in Cleveland high schools, 1896— 
 1929. He was also an ordained minister in 
 the Congregational Church. His death oc- 
 curred in Cleveland. He wrote A Son of the 
 Nile, Boston, 1927. WWW 1 
 
 HOPE, ROR (May 29, 1903- ), come- 
 dian, born in Elthan, Kent, England, grew 
 up in Cleveland, where his mother brought 
 her family of six children after her hus- 
 band died in 1907. He attended Cleveland 
 
 schools, pursued a short-lived boxing career 
 under the ring name of "Packy East," and 
 sold automobiles. When he entered vaude- 
 ville, he dropped his baptismal name, Leslie 
 Townes, in favor of Bob. His first impor- 
 tant stage success came in Roberta in 1933. 
 He made his first radio broadcast in 1935 
 and immediately became a national favorite. 
 In his first moving picture, The Big Broad- 
 cast of 1938, he sang "Thanks for the 
 Memory," which has since been his theme 
 song, though with ever-varying lyrics. His 
 unique blend of farce and audacious, rapid- 
 fire wit has made him the best-known Ameri- 
 can comedian. He is especially beloved by 
 servicemen for his willingness to appear, 
 in war and in peace, at remote bases. He 
 has written five books, including an account 
 of his wartime tours: / Never Left Home, 
 New York, [1944]. CB 41 
 
 HOPKINS, ARTHUR MELANCTHON (Oct. 
 4, 1878-March 22, 1950), theatrical pro- 
 ducer, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He attended Western Reserve Acad- 
 emy, Hudson. He began as a producer in 
 New York City in 1912 and produced many 
 successful plays, including Anna Christie, 
 What Price Glory? and The Petrified Forest. 
 He also produced numerous radio dramas 
 and wrote several books about the theater, 
 including How's Your Second Act? New 
 York, 1918. WWW 2 
 
 HOPKINS, CHARLES EDWIN (Dec. 19, 
 1886-May 21, 1946), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County, where he graduated 
 from Walnut Hills High School and the 
 Y.M.C.A. Law School. He was an insur- 
 ance man in Cincinnati for 35 years. He 
 was interested in local history and wrote 
 Ohio, the Beautiful and Historic . . . , Bos- 
 ton, [1931]. 
 
 HOPKINS, FLORENCE R. (Mrs. Ernest A.) 
 (July 7, 1887- ), born in California, 
 Pa., has lived in Cleveland and Lakewood 
 since 1915. She attended Cleveland College, 
 Western Reserve University. She has pub- 
 lished poems in various periodicals and a 
 collection: Along My Way, Cleveland, 
 [1940]. 
 
 HOPKINS, LIVINGSTON (July 7, 1846- 
 1927), artist, was born in Bellefontaine, 
 Logan County. He attended school there 
 and in Toledo until he was fourteen, when 
 he went to work. After serving briefly with 
 the 130th O.V.I. , he became an artist on the 
 Champaign, 111., Union. He worked briefly 
 on the staff of Scribner's and then as a free- 
 lance comic artist. From 1870 to 1882 he 
 was successful in New York; he sold 
 
Hopkins, P. B. M. 
 
 310 
 
 sketches to many national magazines and 
 illustrated books by Josh Billings, Petro- 
 leum Nasby, and others. His own book, A 
 Comic History, was criticized when it ap- 
 peared for its irreverence on the occasion 
 of the national centennial celebration, but 
 when reissued in a British edition it was 
 well received. In 1883 Hopkins was invited 
 to migrate to Australia to work for the 
 Sydney Bulletin. After some hesitation, he 
 accepted and spent the remainder of his 
 life in that country. Though scarcely known 
 in America or in his native state, he is still 
 remembered in Australia as the greatest 
 Down-Under cartoonist. 
 A Comic History of the United States . . . , 
 New York, 1876. 
 
 HOPKINS, PAULINE BRADFORD 
 MACKIE (July, 1874-May 21, 1956), born 
 in Fairfield, Conn., grew up in Toledo and 
 attended the schools of that city. She later 
 lived in New York City. She published 
 plays, articles, and novels under her maiden 
 name, e.g., Mademoiselle De Berny . . . , 
 Boston, 1897. 
 
 HOPKINS, WILLIAM ROWLAND (July 26, 
 1869- ), lawyer, born in Johnstown, 
 
 Pa., graduated from Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity in 1896. He served on the Cleveland 
 City Council, 1897-99, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1899. He was active in the 
 construction of the Cleveland Short Line 
 Railway. He was city manager of Cleveland, 
 1924-30. 
 
 The Street Railway Problem in Cleveland 
 . . . , New York, 1896. 
 
 HOPLEY, JOHN EDWARD (Aug. 25, 1850- 
 July 10, 1927), lawyer and journalist, was 
 born in Elkton, Ky. In 1856 his parents 
 moved to Bucyrus. He was admitted to the 
 Ohio bar in 1875. He founded and edited 
 the Bucyrus Evening Telegrapher and also 
 edited the Bucyrus Journal. He served as 
 consul in Southampton, England, and in 
 Montevideo, Uruguay. He wrote History of 
 Crawford County, Ohio, and Representative 
 Citizens, Chicago, [1912]. WWW 1 
 
 HOPWOOD, AVERY (May 28, 1882-July 
 1, 1928), dramatist, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from the 
 University of Michigan in 1905, went to 
 New York as correspondent for the Cleve- 
 land Leader, and in 1906 collaborated with 
 Channing Pollock in writing Clothes, which 
 was produced successfully. He collaborated 
 with Mary Roberts Rinehart in writing The 
 Bat (1920), and he also collaborated with 
 
 Wilson Collison (q.v.) on plays like Get- 
 ting Gertie's Garter (1921). Author of a 
 great many highly profitable, though now 
 forgotten, plays, Hopwood gave up writing 
 in 1925. He drowned three years later while 
 swimming at Juan-les-Pins on the French 
 Riviera. DAB 9 
 
 HORCHOW, REUBEN (Aug. 9, 1895-Oct. 
 12, 1958), lawyer, was born in Portsmouth, 
 Scioto County. After graduating from Yale 
 University in 1916, he served in the artillery 
 during World War I. He graduated from 
 the University of Cincinnati Law School in 
 1926 and afterward practiced law and was 
 engaged in personnel work. He served in 
 the army, 1942-49, and was retired as a 
 colonel. He wrote articles, pamphlets, and 
 three books, e.g., Careers for Young Amer- 
 icans in the Army and After, [Washington, 
 D. C, 1950]. 
 
 HORN, WILLIAM (May 7, 1839-April 27, 
 1917), bishop of the Evangelical Church, 
 was born in Oberfishbach, Prussia. When 
 he was sixteen, his family migrated to Wis- 
 consin. He learned English in a country 
 school, taught school for several terms in 
 Brown County, Wis., and became a preacher 
 in northern Wisconsin. In 1871 he came to 
 Cleveland as editor of the publications of 
 his church. He edited magazines and Sun- 
 day school books, and in 1879 was ap- 
 pointed editor of the weekly paper, Christ- 
 liche Botschafter. He was made bishop in 
 1891 and served until 1915. He translated 
 a number of works from German, and his 
 brief autobiography was published post- 
 humously for members of his family. 
 Der Goldne Wegweiser . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 1881. 
 Leben und Wirken von Bischof Joh. Jakob 
 
 Escher . . . , Cleveland, [1907]. 
 Wegebliiten Gepfliicht auf Longer Pilger- 
 
 reise, Cleveland, 1907. 
 Autobiography of Bishop William Horn 
 
 . . . , [Cleveland], 1920. 
 
 HORNBACK, FLORENCE MARY (June 22, 
 1892- ), lawyer and educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She grad- 
 uated from McDonald College of Law, 
 Cincinnati, in 1921 and practiced in Cin- 
 cinnati. She did graduate work in several 
 universities and graduated from New York 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1941. She taught at 
 Xavier University for a time and is now a 
 resident of Cincinnati. She has written nu- 
 merous magazine articles and several devo- 
 tional books for juvenile readers, e.g., John 
 and Joan and Their Guardian Angels, Pater- 
 son, N. J., [1937]. WW 28 
 
311 
 
 Hosea, R. 
 
 HORR, ALFRED REUEL (July 14, 1875- 
 Nov. 3, 1958), banker, was born in Wel- 
 lington, Lorain County. He graduated from 
 Cornell University in 1895, was admitted 
 to the bar in 1897, and practiced for two 
 years in Cleveland. He was afterward an 
 official in several Cleveland banks and trust 
 companies. He died in Fort Lauderdale, 
 Fla. His writings include Embarrassing Dol- 
 lars and Hints to Their Holders, New York, 
 1935. WWW 3 
 
 HORSTMANN, IGNATIUS FREDERICK 
 
 (Dec. 16, 1840-May 13, 1908), Roman 
 Catholic priest, was born in Philadelphia, 
 Pa. Ordained to the priesthood in 1865, he 
 served Catholic schools and churches in 
 Philadelphia until 1892, when he was made 
 bishop of Cleveland. The remainder of his 
 life was spent in Ohio. 
 
 The History of the Holy Catholic Bible 
 .... Philadelphia, [1875]. 
 
 HORTON, JOSHUA H. (c.l835-July 29, 
 1907), was born in Ohio, probably in Frank- 
 lin County. During the Civil War he served 
 in the 11th O.V.I, and the 94th O.V.I. He 
 was captured late in 1862 but was paroled 
 soon afterward. In Feb., 1863, he was dis- 
 charged for disability. After the war he 
 was a printer in Piqua, Dayton, and Tippe- 
 canoe City. He collaborated with Solomon 
 Teverbaugh (1834-Feb. 6, 1884), a captain 
 in the 11th O.V.I. , in writing the regimental 
 history below. 
 
 A History of the Eleventh Regiment . . . , 
 Dayton, 1866. 
 
 HORTON, SAMUEL DANA (Jan. 16, 1844- 
 Feb. 23, 1895), lawyer, was born in Pome- 
 roy, Meigs County, the son of Valentine 
 Baxter Horton, who served three terms in 
 Congress. He attended Pomeroy Academy 
 and the classical school of E. S. Brooks in 
 Cincinnati before entering Harvard College, 
 where he graduated in law in 1868. After 
 two years of travel and study in Europe, 
 he returned to Ohio and was admitted to 
 the bar in Columbus in 1871. He presided 
 over the meeting on Jan. 24, 1872, which 
 founded the Cincinnati Bar Association. He 
 practiced in Cincinnati and Pomeroy. Con- 
 vinced that his father had been a political 
 martyr to sound finance when he opposed 
 the issuance of paper money in Congress in 
 1862, he devoted most of his life to the 
 cause of international finance. Fellow bi- 
 metallists ranked him as the most learned 
 and one of the ablest champions of their 
 cause. His death occurred in Washington, 
 D. C. Besides the titles below, he published 
 a number of papers, letters, and articles. 
 
 Proportional Representation, [Philadelphia, 
 
 1873]. 
 The Interest of the United States in the 
 
 Silver Question, London, 1881. 
 The Position of Law in the Doctrine of 
 
 Money, and Other Papers, London, 1882. 
 The Intemationality of the Silver Question, 
 
 New York, 1885. 
 Silver: An Issue of International Politics, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1886. 
 The Silver Pound and England's Monetary 
 
 Policy Since the Restoration, Together 
 
 with the History of the Guinea, London, 
 
 1887. 
 Silver in Europe, New York, 1890. 
 
 HORTON, THOMAS COR WIN (Aug. 3, 
 1848-Feb. 27, 1932), clergyman, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He served 
 as a Presbyterian evangelist and was or- 
 dained to the ministry in 1884. He served 
 as pastor and as a Y.M.C.A. secretary in 
 various cities; from 1915 to 1924 he was 
 associate pastor of the Church of the Open 
 Door, Los Angeles. He wrote several books 
 on religious themes, including Personal and 
 Practical Christian Work, Los Angeles, 
 [1922]. WWW 1 
 
 HORTON, WALTER MARSHALL (April 7, 
 1895- ), theologian, born in Somerville, 
 
 Mass., has been on the faculty of Oberlin 
 Graduate School of Theology since 1926. 
 He has written a number of books on theo- 
 logical and religious themes, e.g., Theism 
 and the Modern Mood, New York, 1930. 
 WW 30 
 
 HOSEA, LUCY KLINCK RICE (Nov. 8, 
 1852-Sept. 30, 1921), was born in Hamil- 
 ton, N. Y. In 1876 she became the second 
 wife of Robert Hosea (q.v. ) of Cincinnati. 
 Her novel was published anonymously. 
 Eastward; Or, a Buddhist Lover. A Novel, 
 Boston, [1890]. 
 
 HOSEA, ROBERT (Feb. 15, 1811-Feb. 20, 
 1906), merchant, was born in Boston, Mass. 
 In 1816 his father moved to Ross County, 
 where he prospered buying produce and 
 shipping it to the East. In 1826 his father 
 moved to Cincinnati to open a wholesale 
 grocery supply house. After a successful 
 trading expedition to the South in 1835, 
 Robert was able to invest in a steamboat. 
 He built and commanded a series of steam- 
 boats that were active in the river trade. 
 His son, Lewis Montgomery Hosea (Dec. 
 16, 1842-Jan. 26, 1924), served throughout 
 the Civil War, and afterward delivered sev- 
 eral significant historical papers that were 
 published as pamphlets. 
 
Hosford 
 
 312 
 
 Glimpses of Europe; Or, Notes Drawn at 
 Sight. By a Merchant, Cincinnati, 1859. 
 
 HOSFORD, FRANCES JULIETTE (Oct. 3, 
 1853-May 14, 1937), educator, was born 
 in Ohio. She graduated from Lake Erie 
 Seminary in 1872. After teaching school in 
 Elyria and Painesville, she became a tutor 
 in the preparatory department, Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1888, and she served at Oberlin in 
 various capacities until her retirement in 
 1920. She wrote Father Shipherd's Magna 
 Charta; A Century of Coeducation in Ober- 
 lin College, Boston, 1937, WO 1 
 
 HOSMER, FREDERICK LUCIAN (Oct. 16, 
 1840-June 7, 1929), Unitarian clergyman, 
 born in Framingham, Mass., was pastor of 
 the Church of the Unity, Cleveland, 1878- 
 92. He composed a number of hymns that 
 are still widely used, and with William C. 
 Gannett he published three series of The 
 Thought of God in Hymns and Poems, Bos- 
 ton, 1885, 1894, 1918. 
 
 HOSMER, HEZEKIAH LORD (Dec. 10, 
 1814-Oct. 31, 1893), journalist, lawyer, and 
 judge, was born in Hudson, N. Y. In 1816 
 he came to Cleveland, where he studied 
 law in the office of a relative, John W. 
 Allen, and was admitted to the bar in 1835. 
 He practiced for a short while, then moved 
 on to the Maumee Valley and joined his 
 brother, Stephen T. Hosmer, a pioneer 
 printer in that region. He edited successively 
 the Perrysburg Journal and the Maumee 
 Express; in 1847 he bought an interest in 
 and became editor of the Toledo Blade. In 
 1850 he and his brother became sole pro- 
 prietors of the Blade, which had become a 
 daily in 1848. He was a fluent and graphic 
 writer, and his editorials attracted state-wide 
 attention. In May, 1853, he sold his interest 
 in the Blade and resumed the practice of 
 law, but he continued to write. In 1860 his 
 Adela, the Octoroon was published in Co- 
 lumbus. Dion Boucicault's greatest success, 
 The Octoroon, a problem play about slavery 
 which appeared in 1861, was drawn from 
 Hosmer's novel. He had actively supported 
 the candidacy of Abraham Lincoln, and fol- 
 lowing the inauguration he appeared in 
 Washington seeking the position of Con- 
 gressional Librarian. He was unsuccessful in 
 getting the appointment, but his fellow 
 townsman, James M. Ashley, was chairman 
 of the House committee on territories, and 
 Hosmer was appointed secretary of that com- 
 mittee, an appointment that proved to be 
 the turning point in his career. When the 
 Territory of Montana was organized in 
 1864, the influential Ashley — he had been 
 
 one of the founders of the Republican Party 
 in Ohio — had another Toledoan, Alfred 
 Peck Edgerton, appointed governor of the 
 new territory, and Hosmer became chief 
 justice of the territorial supreme court on 
 June 30, 1864. He arrived in the Territory 
 in Oct., 1864, to find the people quite con- 
 tent with the effectiveness of their vigilantes 
 and miners' courts. In the absence of a 
 criminal or civil code, guided solely by a 
 sketchy organic law which established no 
 rules of procedure, Judge Hosmer opened 
 court the first Monday of Dec, 1864, at 
 Virginia City in the dining room of the 
 Planters House, which added not a whit to 
 the popularity of the new court, for dining 
 hours depended upon its adjournment. At 
 the close of the first sitting a citizen rose 
 and addressed the court: "We are glad the 
 Government has sent you here. We have 
 some civil matters to attend to, but you 
 had better let us take charge of the crim- 
 inal affairs." The frontier community was 
 far from content with ponderous legal 
 procedure, and soon Hosmer was engaged 
 in a wrangle with the legislature which cul- 
 minated in a resolution calling upon him to 
 resign. Hosmer served his full term. He 
 made a trip to New York in the autumn of 
 1865 and while there delivered an address 
 on Montana. It was a splendid circum- 
 stantial account of the Territory, its re- 
 sources, its booming development, and its 
 people, and was published in New York in 
 1866. After Hosmer's term as chief justice 
 expired in 1869, he became postmaster at 
 Virginia City, serving until 1872, when he 
 moved to San Francisco. In 1887 he became 
 one of that considerable number of Ohioans 
 to espouse the cause of Delia Bacon (q.v.) 
 when he published Bacon and Shakespeare 
 in the Sonnets, in which he exploited the 
 Baconian cipher theory. His death occurred 
 in San Francisco. Besides the titles below, 
 he published some separate addresses and a 
 Toledo directory. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Early History of the Maumee Valley, To- 
 ledo, 1858. 
 Adela, the Octoroon, Columbus, 1860. 
 Bacon and Shakespeare in the Sonnets, San 
 Francisco, 1887. 
 
 HOSMER, JAMES KENDALL (Jan. 29, 
 1834-May 11, 1927), was born in North- 
 field, Mass. He graduated from Harvard 
 University in 1855 and the Divinity School 
 in 1859. He was professor of rhetoric and 
 English literature at Antioch College, 1866— 
 72, and later was a teacher and librarian in 
 several other states. He wrote two novels, 
 several biographies, and a number of dis- 
 
313 
 
 Hough, L. H. 
 
 tinguished historical works. Some recollec- 
 tions of Antioch College are found in The 
 Last Leaf .... New York, 1912. WWW 1 
 
 HOSMER, JOHN ALLEN (1851-1907), was 
 born in Toledo, Lucas County, the son of 
 Hezekiah Lord Hosmer (q.v. ). He accom- 
 panied his father on a trip from Montana 
 Territory to New York City in 1865. Two 
 years later A Trip to the States, by Way of 
 the Yellowstone and Missouri was published 
 in Virginia City. The book is frequently at- 
 tributed to the elder Hosmer; however, the 
 single surviving copy shows the author to 
 have been J. Allen Hosmer. He died in Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 A Trip to the States, by Way of the Yel- 
 lowstone and Missouri, with a Table of 
 Distances, Virginia City, Montana Terri- 
 tory, 1867. 
 
 HOSTERMAN, ARTHUR DAVID (April 12, 
 1860-Feb. 6, 1939), born in Strattonville, 
 Pa., was brought to Springfield as a boy. 
 He attended Springfield schools and Witten- 
 berg College. He afterward lived in Spring- 
 field, where he was president of Hosterman 
 Publishing Company. He also operated a 
 large fruit farm in Clark County. 
 Health, Wealth, and Wisdom . . . , Spring- 
 field, ['882]. 
 Life and Times of James Abram Garfield 
 . . . , Springfield, 1882. 
 
 HOTCHKISS, WILLIS RAY (Oct. 11, 1873- 
 June 25, 1948), missionary-teacher, was 
 born in Doylestown, Wayne County, but 
 grew up in Cleveland, where his parents 
 moved when he was small. After attending 
 Oberlin Academy and Friends' Bible Insti- 
 tute, Cleveland, he went to Africa as a 
 missionary in 1895. He founded Friends' 
 Africa Industrial Mission in 1900 and 
 Lumbwa Industrial Mission in 1905. He 
 lectured in the United States for the Na- 
 tional Holiness Missionary Society and 
 wrote two books on his African experiences, 
 e.g., Then and Now in Kenya Colony; Forty 
 Adventurous Years in East Africa, New 
 York, [1937]. WW 11 
 
 HOTT, JAMES WILLIAM (Nov. 15, 1844- 
 Jan. 9, 1902), clergyman, was born in Win- 
 chester, Va. He was ordained to the min- 
 istry of the United Brethren Church and 
 moved to Dayton in 1873, when he was 
 named treasurer of the Missionary Society. 
 He edited the Religious Telescope, 1877-89. 
 In 1889 he was made bishop and sent to 
 the Far West, but after his retirement in 
 1898 he returned to Dayton, where he 
 spent the last four years of his life. 
 
 Journeyings in the Old World . . . , Day- 
 ton, 1884. 
 
 Sacred Hours with Young Christians, Day- 
 ton, 1892. 
 
 HOUCK, FREDERICK ALFONS (April 15, 
 1866-Oct. 19, 1954), clergyman, was born 
 in Tiffin, Seneca County. He studied at 
 Canisius College and at seminaries in Val- 
 kenberg, Holland, and Baltimore, Md. He 
 was ordained to the Roman Catholic priest- 
 hood in 1900. He was pastor of St. Ann's 
 Church, Toledo, 1912-51. His death oc- 
 curred in Toledo. He wrote a number of 
 books on religious themes, e.g., Godward 
 . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 1927. OBB 
 
 HOUCK, GEORGE FRANCIS (July 9, 1847- 
 March 26, 1916), clergyman, was born in 
 Tiffin, Seneca County. After studying at 
 Heidelberg College, Mount St. Mary's Sem- 
 inary in Cincinnati, and St. Mary's Semi- 
 nary in Cleveland, he was ordained to the 
 Roman Catholic priesthood in 1875. He 
 was pastor of St. Joseph's Church, 1875-77, 
 and was then appointed secretary to Bishop 
 Gilmour with the duties of the chancellor- 
 ship added. 
 
 The Church in Northern Ohio and in the 
 Diocese of Cleveland, from 1817 to Sep- 
 tember, 1887, New York, 1887. 
 Memoirs of and Labors of Amadeus Rappe 
 
 . . . , Cleveland, [1888]. 
 A History of Catholicity in Northern Ohio 
 . . . , (with Michael W. Carr), 2 vols., 
 Cleveland, 1903. 
 
 HOUF, HORACE THOMAS (1889-July 7, 
 1959), educator, born in Fulton, Mo., was 
 professor of philosophy at Ohio University 
 from 1935 until his death. His books in- 
 clude Real Living and God's Help, [Rio 
 Grande, 1925]. DAS 3 
 
 HOUGH, FRANKLIN BENJAMIN (July 22, 
 1822-June 11, 1885), born in Martinsdale, 
 N. Y., lived in Ohio about four years. He 
 was principal of Gustavus Academy, 1844— 
 46, and a student at Western Reserve Medi- 
 cal College, 1846-48. He later practiced 
 medicine in New York State. A prolific 
 writer with many interests, he wrote books, 
 pamphlets, and reports on forestry, conser- 
 vation, history, education, law, biography, 
 and other subjects. 
 
 HOUGH, LYNN HAROLD (Sept. 10, 1877- 
 ), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Cadiz, Harrison County. He graduated 
 from Scio College in 1898 and Drew Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1905. He served as pas- 
 tor of various Methodist churches, taught 
 
Houk 
 
 314 
 
 at Garrett Biblical Institute, 1914-19, and 
 Drew Seminary, 1930-47. He has published 
 many books, including sermons, addresses, 
 religious books, and poems, e.g., Flying 
 over London and Other Verses, New York, 
 [1919]. WW 30 
 
 HOUK, ELIZA PHILLIPS THRUSTON 
 
 (Oct. 23, 1833-Aug. 31, 1914), was born 
 in Dayton, Montgomery County. She grad- 
 uated from Cooper Female Seminary, Day- 
 ton, in 1849; in 1856 she married George 
 W. Houk, lawyer and congressman. Besides 
 the titles below, she published articles in 
 Dayton newspapers and wrote several plays 
 that were not published. She also patented 
 a rural mailbox shaped like a cornucopia. 
 Puritan. A Poem in Seven Cantos, Cincin- 
 nati, 1868. 
 The Lamarks; Or, Marriageable Women, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1889. 
 Louisa Varena . . . , [Dayton, 1905]. 
 A Tribute to General Gates Phillips Thrus- 
 ton, [Dayton, 1914]. 
 
 HOUSE, ABIGAIL (Nov. 8, 1790-Feb. 10, 
 1861), was born in Bloomfield, Conn. In 
 1812 she married Simeon Fish, and five 
 years later they migrated to Chardon. Soon 
 after their arrival her husband died, and 
 the following year she married E. N. House. 
 She spent the remainder of her life in 
 Lenox, Ashtabula County. Her life story was 
 published as required by the terms of her 
 will. 
 
 Memoirs of the Religious Experience and 
 Life of Abigail House . . . , Jefferson, 
 1861. 
 
 HOUSE, ERWIN (Feb. 17, 1824-May 20, 
 1875), clergyman and editor, was born in 
 Worthington, Franklin County. His parents 
 later moved to Lockland, where he was 
 converted to Methodism. In 1846 he grad- 
 uated from Woodward College, Cincinnati, 
 and three years later was licensed to preach. 
 He served for many years as an editor of 
 the Ladies' Repository and the Western 
 Christian Advocate. He published sermons 
 and a Sunday school handbook. The volume 
 cited below is a collection of narratives 
 illustrative of Scriptural texts. 
 Scripture Cabinet . . . , Cincinnati, 1863. 
 
 HOUSTON, WILLIAM (Nov. 8, 1867-July 
 17, 1927), clergyman, was born in Urbana, 
 Champaign County. He graduated from Uni- 
 versity of Wooster in 1890 and Allegheny 
 Theological Seminary in 1893. After serv- 
 ing several Presbyterian pastorates, he be- 
 came pastor at Ohio State University in 
 1910 and remained at that post until his 
 
 death. He wrote The Church and the Uni- 
 versity . . . , Columbus, 1926. 
 
 HOUSUM, ROBERT (Aug. 22, 1886- ), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 After attending Bolton School and Univer- 
 sity School in Cleveland, he graduated from 
 Yale University in 1898. He worked on the 
 Cleveland Leader and the News and has 
 written a number of plays, some of which 
 were published a considerable time after 
 their first production, e.g., a farce written 
 in 1914: Sylvia Runs Away . . . , New York, 
 1920. WWO 
 
 HOWARD, ALICE WOODBURY (Mrs. 
 
 Rossiter), born in Rockford, 111., lived in 
 Cleveland from 1921 to 1930 while teach- 
 ing at the Cleveland Museum of Art. She 
 now lives in Bayside, N. Y. She has pub- 
 lished several books for children, e.g., 
 Ching-Li and the Dragons, New York, 
 1931. 
 
 HOWARD, CAPTAIN CHARLES. Pseud. See 
 T. C. Harbaugh. 
 
 HOWARD, JAMES QUAY (Jan. 26, 1836- 
 Nov. 15, 1912), was born in Newark, Lick- 
 ing County. He attended Ohio Wesleyan 
 University and Marietta College and also 
 studied law in the office of Samuel Gallo- 
 way, Columbus attorney and early friend 
 of Abraham Lincoln. After Lincoln's nomi- 
 nation in 1860, William Dean Howells (q.v.) 
 was engaged to write a campaign biography 
 of the candidate. Howells rebelled at the 
 suggestion that he go to Springfield, 111., to 
 interview the little-known candidate, and 
 Howard went in his stead. After the ap- 
 pearance of Howells' biography, a sub- 
 stantial clothbound volume that became one 
 of the better-known documents of the 1860 
 campaign, the publishers saw a need for a 
 cheap paper-bound campaign life, and How- 
 ard was employed to write it. It was com- 
 pleted too late for distribution in the cam- 
 paign and remained unknown until a New 
 York book dealer, the late Charles P. 
 Everitt, discovered a remainder in 1901. 
 However, perhaps because of the book but 
 probably through the efforts of his mentor, 
 Galloway, Howard was appointed U. S. 
 consul at St. Johns, New Brunswick, in 
 1861 and served until 1867. He again cap- 
 italized upon a political campaign when in 
 1876 he wrote a campaign life of Ruther- 
 ford B. Hayes, and in the following year he 
 was appointed to a position in the New 
 York Customs House, where he served until 
 1883. From time to time he did some edi- 
 torial writing and contributed a number of 
 
315 
 
 Howe, E. D. 
 
 articles to magazines. He was employed by 
 
 the Library of Congress in 1897. 
 
 The Life of Abraham Lincoln . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1860. 
 
 The Life, Public Services and Select 
 Speeches of Rutherford B. Hayes, Cincin- 
 nati, 1876. 
 
 History of the Louisiana Purchase, Chicago, 
 1902. 
 
 HOWARD, JOHN GORDON (Dec. 3, 1899- 
 ), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Tokyo. Japan, the son of missionary par- 
 ents. A graduate of Otterbein College in 
 1922 and United Theological Seminary, 
 Dayton, in 1925, he has been active in 
 young people's work in the United Brethren 
 Church. In 1945 he accepted the presidency 
 of Otterbein College, a position he resigned 
 in 1957 when appointed bishop. His books 
 include When Youth Worship, St. Louis, 
 Mo., [1940]. WW 30 
 
 HOWARD, JOHN HARRIS (Oct. 25, 1861- 
 Feb. 19, 1950), was born in Monroe Town- 
 ship, Ashtabula County. After working as 
 a printer in the office of the Ashtabula 
 News, he went to New York City, where 
 he worked on the Brooklyn Eagle and other 
 newspapers. In 1890 because of poor health, 
 he moved to Benzie County, Mich., where 
 he operated a fruit farm. He died at Frank- 
 fort, Mich. He published A History of Her- 
 ring Lake, Boston, [1929], and a book of 
 verse: Mint o' the Muse, by the Bard of 
 Benzie, Boston, [1929]. 
 
 HOWARD, KATHERINE LANE (1858-July 
 5, 1929), was born in New York City, 
 where she attended Drew Seminary. She 
 lived in Cincinnati for a number of years 
 and died in that city. Successful as an il- 
 lustrator for books and magazines, she also 
 published plays and poetry, e.g., Poems, 
 Boston, 1914. 
 
 HOWBERT, ABRAHAM R. (June 2, 1825- 
 Nov. 19, 1895), clergyman, was born in 
 Roanoke County, Va. After graduating 
 from Gettysburg Seminary in 1846, he came 
 to Ohio, where he was licensed by the East 
 Ohio Lutheran Synod. He served a number 
 of Lutheran churches in Ohio; at the time 
 of his retirement in 1892, he was serving 
 a pastorate in Colorado. He spent the last 
 three years of his life in Bellefontaine. 
 During the Civil War he was chaplain of 
 the 84th O.V.I, for five months in 1862 
 and afterward was a confidential agent of 
 Governor Tod, assigned to report on the 
 condition of Ohio regiments and on the 
 need for chaplain service. He performed the 
 
 same service for Governor Brough and was 
 also an agent of the Sanitary Commission. 
 Besides writing the title below, he com- 
 piled a worship manual. 
 Reminiscences of the War, [Springfield, 
 1888]. 
 
 HOWE, ANDREW JACKSON (April 14, 
 1825-Jan. 16, 1892), physician and educa- 
 tor, was born in Paxton. Mass. He gradu- 
 ated from Harvard University in 1853 and 
 Wooster Medical Institute in 1855. Having 
 been invited to lecture in the College of Ec- 
 lectic Medicine and Surgery in Cincinnati, 
 he settled in that city in 1857. He was ap- 
 pointed to the chair of surgery in 1861 and 
 served until his death. He not only achieved 
 national distinction as a surgeon, but also 
 was a member of the American Association 
 for the Advancement of Science and the Cin- 
 cinnati Society of Natural History. His first 
 textbook, Fractures and Dislocations (1870), 
 was followed by several others which 
 achieved wide acceptance. A work designed 
 for children and a selection of his papers, 
 arranged by his wife, Georgiana L. Howe, 
 were published posthumously. His death oc- 
 curred in Cincinnati. 
 
 Miscellaneous Papers . . . , Cincinnati, 1894. 
 Conversations on Animal Life . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1897. 
 
 HOWE, EBER D. (June 9, 1798-?), was 
 born in Clifton Park, N. Y., the son of a 
 doctor from Connecticut. He can be con- 
 sidered a one-man history of the Yankee 
 drift westward into Ohio's Western Reserve. 
 Indeed, he is so completely representative 
 of his time, he blends so admirably into the 
 general background, that his own outlines 
 have been largely blurred and obscured. 
 This, in a mild way, is a pity, for he de- 
 serves better, and there is yet pleasure in 
 what he wrote. In 1811 his family moved to 
 the Niagara District of Upper Canada, "un- 
 der the reign of the old imbecile tyrant," 
 George III. He was living there when the 
 War of 1812 broke out, though he shortly 
 escaped across the river to New York State, 
 and, in May, 1814, he enlisted in the New 
 York Volunteers, Batavia, Colonel Swift 
 commanding. He was a cook for regimen- 
 tal and staff officers and, as such, saw 
 rather than participated in the bloody in- 
 conclusiveness of Lundy's Lane. At that, he 
 came away with an abiding distaste for 
 wars and their consequences which he kept 
 the rest of his life. He was discharged in 
 1815, a seventeen-year-old veteran in an in- 
 different world, equipped with six years of 
 schooling, and a formidable knowledge of 
 Webster's Speller, which had been his prin- 
 
Howe, E. D. 
 
 316 
 
 cipal text through each of these years. Some- 
 where he had read that Ben Franklin had 
 found himself in similar circumstances and 
 had then proceeded to expand the educa- 
 tion he picked up in a printing shop into 
 greatness. Howe decided to try his hand at 
 printing. His first stop was the Buffalo 
 Gazette, then run by Smith and Hezekiah 
 Salisbury. Preparing himself for the en- 
 counter, Howe set up a bold jingling with 
 the two shillings he had in his pocket, stuck 
 a cigar in his mouth (an act he later re- 
 garded as one of the silliest of his life), 
 and asked for a job as an apprentice. The 
 Gazette then had a circulation of 1,000 
 which required a two-day run on the old 
 hand press. As Howe's salary climbed from 
 $40 a year to $50, $60, and, finally $80, he 
 was loaned out by the Salisburys to set 
 type for other papers up and down the 
 Lake Erie shore, notably the Erie Gazette, 
 where he composed the first issue for Ziba 
 Willes. In April, 1818, he found Buffalo 
 too limiting. Taking a horse, saddle, bridle, 
 and $25, he moved to Cleveland, a cross- 
 roads town of 200, which, if not the wilder- 
 ness, was at least the jumping-off place. 
 But it looked like an economic heaven to 
 Howe and many another transplanted Yan- 
 kee like him. For, really, Cleveland was only 
 a neighborhood in a larger community of 
 nearly 60,000 — the Western Reserve, stretch- 
 ing from the Pennsylvania line to Sandusky. 
 It was overwhelmingly, almost absolutely, 
 New England in background, taste, outlook, 
 and attitude. Howe felt at home at once and 
 saw prosperity beckoning. There were only 
 two newspapers in the whole Reserve: the 
 Cleveland Register, limping along under the 
 ministrations of the sickly Andrew Logan, 
 and the Warren Trump of Fame, Thomas 
 D. Webb, Prop. Howe issued some pro- 
 posals for a new organ, the Cleveland Her- 
 ald, which aroused absolutely no interest. 
 Nothing daunted, he rode to Erie and there 
 persuaded Willes that larger horizons were 
 to be found in Cleveland. Willes agreed to 
 bring his type and presses to Cleveland at 
 the end of his first year in Erie. So it hap- 
 pened that the Herald was born, on Oct. 
 19, 1819, without a single subscriber. The 
 first issue contained an obituary of Oliver 
 Hazard Perry and a virulent attack on 
 slavery — but, and here lies one of the quirks 
 of Howe's Yankee conscience, it was soon 
 printing advertisements for runaways. Writ- 
 ing his Autobiography at the age of eighty, 
 Howe admits and regrets this inconsistency, 
 but nothing he says and nothing he did in 
 his later career offers much evidence that 
 he would have acted differently had he 
 again been forced to choose between prin- 
 
 ciple and poverty. By 1822, the Herald had 
 achieved some degree of stability and was 
 well into the career which was to make it 
 one of the most important of all sources of 
 Western Reserve history. And Howe was 
 restless. He moved to Painesville to estab- 
 lish the Painesville Telegraph, which first 
 appeared on July 16, 1822, with five ad- 
 vertisements and 150 subscribers. Paines- 
 ville, like Cleveland, was one of the little 
 islands of people clustered throughout the 
 Reserve. At the time, according to Howe, 
 its principal commerce was based on corn 
 whisky — always "blue ruin" to him — and 
 maple sugar secured in trade from the West- 
 ern Indians. It shortly afterward became 
 the economic hub of Mormonism, when the 
 Saints settled at nearby Kirtland. Howe 
 joined most of the Gentiles in resentment 
 of the strangers and was moved to write his 
 first book, entitled in the 1840 edition His- 
 tory of Mormonism; Or, a Faithful Ac- 
 count of That Singular Imposition and 
 Delusion with Sketches of the Characters of 
 Its Proprietors to Which Are Added In- 
 quiries into the Probability That the His- 
 torical Part of the Golden Bible Was Written 
 by One Solomon Spaulding, and by Him 
 Intended to Have Been Published as a 
 Romance. The title pretty well sums up the 
 book and its attitude. In it Howe displays a 
 gift for blackening character by reporting 
 contemporary bias which would look well 
 in some current publications. Consider: "All 
 who became intimate with them [the Smith 
 family] unite in representing the general 
 character of old Joseph and his wife, the 
 parents of the pretended Prophet, as lazy, 
 indolent, ignorant, and superstitious . . ." 
 Or: "Joseph Smith, Jun., was well skilled in 
 legerdemain, and thus the use of divining 
 rods, which afforded him great facilities in 
 translating ..." And so on. Years later, in 
 his Autobiography, Howe hints at the real 
 reason for the popular hatred which he 
 voiced. The Mormons moved into local 
 politics, banking, and trade. In all these ac- 
 tivities they proceeded with a monopolistic 
 single-mindedness which could mean only 
 trouble for the community Howe repre- 
 sented. When the Saints threatened to con- 
 trol elections, when they boasted that their 
 bank would swallow all others, and, es- 
 pecially when they bought heavily and re- 
 fused to pay as the depression of the mid- 
 18305 deepened, then the Gentiles closed in, 
 and Howe swung as big a club as any man. 
 Howe gave over control of the Telegraph 
 to his brother, Asahel, in Jan., 1835, after 
 which it passed through the hands of many 
 owners, and is today published as part of a 
 small chain extending through northeastern 
 
317 
 
 Howe, H. 
 
 Ohio. Howe himself devoted his energies to 
 commercial printing and the manufacture 
 of woolens. In 1878 he wrote a short sketch 
 of his life which concludes with a thirteen- 
 point creed defending his conversion to 
 spiritualism. The last of these is; "I do not 
 promise to believe tomorrow exactly as I 
 believe today, and I do not believe today 
 exactly what I believed yesterday; for I ex- 
 pected to make, as I have made, some hon- 
 est progress within twenty-four hours." 
 Which is not a bad credo for a man of 
 eighty, and it serves fairly to identify Eber 
 D. Howe. 
 
 Lee Templeton 
 Mormonism Unvailed . . . , Painesville, 
 
 1834. 
 Autobiography and Recollections of a Pio- 
 neer Printer, Painesville, 1878. 
 
 HOWE, FREDERIC CLEMSON (Nov. 21, 
 1867-Aug. 3, 1940), lawyer, was born in 
 Meadville, Pa. He graduated from Alle- 
 gheny College in 1889 and Johns Hopkins 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1922. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1894 and practiced in 
 Cleveland until 1909. While in Cleveland, 
 he was a member of City Council, 1901— 
 03, and taught at Cleveland College of Law. 
 During the 1930s he was associated with the 
 Department of Agriculture. He wrote a 
 number of books on social and political 
 questions and his autobiography: The Con- 
 fessions of a Reformer, New York, 1925. 
 WWW 1 
 
 HOWE, GEORGE FREDERICK (Jan. 1, 
 1901- ), educator, was born in Burling- 
 ton, Vt. He graduated from the University 
 of Vermont in 1922 and Harvard Univer- 
 sity (Ph.D.) in 1930. A member of the 
 history faculty, University of Cincinnati, 
 1926-45, he is now a historian with the 
 Department of Defense. He has written sev- 
 eral textbooks, and Chester A. Arthur . . . , 
 New York, 1934. DAS 3 
 
 HOWE, HENRY (Oct. 11, 1816-Oct. 14, 
 1893), historian, publisher, and bookseller, 
 was born in New Haven, Conn., the son of 
 a distinguished publisher, Hezekiah Howe, 
 whose bookshop was a popular gathering 
 place of the literati of New England. 
 Among them were Benjamin Silliman, 
 whose American Journal of Science was 
 printed by the elder Howe, and Noah 
 Webster, to whom young Henry carried 
 proof sheets of the first edition of his great 
 dictionary. Yale professors, eminent law- 
 yers, and learned theologians frequented 
 the shop. "The bookstore was a great edu- 
 cation spot for me," wrote Henry Howe 
 
 years later. His literary career was shaped 
 by what he called a "life-directing incident" 
 some time in 1838, when there came into 
 his father's bookstore a copy of Historical 
 Collections of Connecticut by a fellow 
 townsman, John W. Barber, who had trav- 
 eled from village to village, making pencil 
 sketches and collecting material for the 
 book. "It came upon the people like a work 
 of magic," wrote Howe; "few had ever seen 
 pictures of places with which they were 
 acquainted. But here was a book that 
 showed the very houses in which they had 
 been born, the schoolhouses where they had 
 been taught, the churches where they had 
 worshipped. . . . Although born in an at- 
 mosphere of books, this impressed me more 
 than any book I had seen. I felt that I 
 would like of all things to dedicate my life 
 to travelling and making such books for 
 what Lincoln calls 'the plain people.' " Dur- 
 ing the next two years he was associated 
 with his uncle, a stockbroker in Wall Street, 
 "an uncongenial spot, where I felt that 
 Tophet was not afar." In 1840 he com- 
 pleted arrangements with John W. Barber to 
 help in producing a Historical Collections 
 for New York. Barber was to travel by 
 public conveyance to the larger cities, while 
 Howe went afoot from village to village. 
 In 1842 they began on New Jersey. Then 
 came Virginia in 1843, a project that Howe 
 undertook alone because of Barber's abo- 
 litionist sentiments; Howe covered the en- 
 tire state, walking as much as fifty miles in 
 a single day. This work was completed in 
 the spring of 1845. When Howe canvassed 
 a town for historical facts or drew a crowd 
 around his sketching table in a public 
 square, he displayed a previous work as a 
 sample and solicited subscriptions for the 
 one under preparation. This method made 
 each work an assured success before the 
 manuscript was placed in the hands of a 
 printer. Yet in these transactions there were 
 none of the sharp practices that typified 
 some county histories of later years; no sub- 
 scriber was permitted to pay his way into 
 the book, and none was omitted because of 
 his failure to subscribe. After completing 
 the work on Virginia, Howe was ready for 
 his most notable project — that on Ohio. 
 Aged thirty, he was a veteran observer and 
 chronicler. "Ohio," he wrote, "the young 
 and rising state next attracted me, and 
 proved a mine of ungathered history; all 
 one had to do was to travel and to pick it 
 up. Cincinnati was my first point, where I 
 arrived in January, 1846. It was then the 
 most important city of the West, the center 
 of the highest refinement and cultivation, 
 especially noted for its public spirit and 
 
Howe, H. 
 
 318 
 
 its many people of mark. My first point 
 after leaving Cincinnati was Marietta. I 
 went there to begin at the beginning and 
 was for several days the guest of Dr. Hil- 
 dreth." Howe was singularly fortunate in 
 making friends. A list of their names is a 
 roster of men, the great and the near great, 
 whose vigor at that time was making Ohio 
 great. He was introduced to Judge Burnet 
 by Henry Clay. Others encountered who 
 became his lifelong friends were Caleb At- 
 water, Thomas Ewing. Thomas Corwin, 
 Ephraim Squier, George Hoadly, S. S. Cox, 
 Alphonso Taft, John Sherman, and Ruther- 
 ford B. Hayes. Astride his white horse 
 "Pomp," purchased after making his first 
 hundred miles on foot, he made his way to 
 the most remote corners of the state, seeking 
 chroniclers of local events or old people 
 who could tell him of incidents of pioneer 
 life. Disarmingly genial, he never records 
 difficulty in securing information. Austere 
 John Sherman talked to him as freely as did 
 the lonely farmer in the "black swamp" 
 country. He devoted more than a year to 
 gathering his materials — a figure of universal 
 interest, astride "Pomp" carrying his pencils 
 and papers in saddlebags, or sitting in a 
 town square sketching a courthouse or main 
 street. In Feb. 1847, he returned to New 
 Haven to prepare the work for publication. 
 It appeared the following September, a vol- 
 ume of 581 pages with the imprint, Cincin- 
 nati: Derby, Bradley & Co., 1847. Later 
 printings with some revisions and additions 
 followed in 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1854, 
 1857, 1858, and 1875. The names of various 
 printers appear on the title pages of these 
 editions. With the Collections out of the 
 way, Howe married Frances A. Tuttle of 
 New Haven and settled in Cincinnati. Here 
 he built up a prosperous business, compil- 
 ing, publishing, and distributing through 
 canvassers works of travel and history. In 
 1856 he began a work, planned for several 
 volumes, which he expected to be the most 
 important of his life — a history of the 
 United States following the plan of his state 
 histories. Into this venture went five years 
 of labor, all of his savings, and considerable 
 borrowed money. The first volume appeared 
 almost simultaneously with the fall of 
 Fort Sumter. The venture was a financial 
 failure, and Howe's business was wiped 
 out. During his remaining years in Cincin- 
 nati he managed to struggle along by re- 
 publishing some of his earlier books and 
 by compiling Times of the Rebellion in the 
 West. In 1877 he gave up the struggle and 
 returned with his family to New Haven. 
 While he was still in Cincinnati and after 
 he had returned to the East, many friends 
 
 urged him to revise and bring up to date 
 his Historical Collections of Ohio. The idea 
 was attractive, but the urge was lacking. 
 Finally, in the summer of 1885, he realized 
 that it was now or never as his seventieth 
 birthday was not far off. When his decision 
 became known in Ohio, letters of encour- 
 agement came to him from all parts of the 
 state. President Hayes invited him to his 
 Fremont home, where in October he spent 
 two weeks planning his second tour. Again 
 he covered the state, this time by rail in- 
 stead of horse and equipped with a camera 
 instead of sketching-pencils. He finished his 
 field work in March, 1887. Two years were 
 required to put the accumulated material 
 into shape for printing. The first volume 
 of the appropriately named "Centennial 
 Edition" appeared in 1889. Though it was 
 favorably received, sales were disappoint- 
 ingly small. Receipts did not meet his fi- 
 nancial obligations, much less provide the 
 funds to continue. But friends everywhere 
 rallied in support of a bill to authorize the 
 purchase by the state of 1,200 copies for 
 free distribution. The $12,000 thus pro- 
 vided enabled him to proceed, and in 1891 
 after six years of work, the book was com- 
 pleted in three quarto volumes instead of 
 the projected two. Usually, however, the 
 second and third volumes were bound to- 
 gether; the three separate volumes, which 
 are now rare, were apparently reserved for 
 original subscribers. Howe's financial diffi- 
 culties, however, were not resolved. New 
 sales were poor. Free distribution of 1,200 
 copies by the state, though it had tided him 
 over earlier difficulties, eventually hurt 
 further sales, as everywhere a repetition of 
 free distribution was hoped for. After mak- 
 ing every effort to raise money and mort- 
 gaging all his resources, he was still $14,000 
 in debt. So, at the age of 75, Henry Howe 
 set out to sell his book personally in the 
 larger cities; but again sales were disap- 
 pointing. His death in Columbus brought 
 his struggles to an end. A petition, joined 
 in by hundreds, including five men who had 
 served as governor of Ohio, resulted in 
 legislative action to purchase the copyright 
 and plates for $20,000. The widow was 
 thus enabled to save her home and to clear 
 a substantial portion of her husband's debts. 
 The remainder was in time met by his son, 
 Frank. And so this famous work became a 
 state publication. Successive legislatures au- 
 thorized printings of from 4,000 to 17,000 
 two-volume sets for distribution to schools, 
 libraries, and historical societies. Legislators 
 also gave them to individuals as a kind of 
 patronage. The last edition was in 1908, by 
 which time a saturation point apparently 
 
319 
 
 Howells, W. D. 
 
 had been reached. The commonness of the 
 book and its poor bindings, which were 
 soon ruined, resulted in a loss of prestige. 
 Yet for many of those who received it, the 
 work was the first introduction to the his- 
 tory of their state and to events of note in 
 their own county. Even today, it is a fas- 
 cinating book for the general reader and a 
 valuable source-book for the historian. Ohio 
 owes more to Henry Howe than to any 
 other man for gathering and preserving its 
 varied and rich local history. 
 
 Carl Vitz 
 
 Historical Collections of the State of New 
 York . . . , (with John W. Barber), New 
 York, 1841. 
 
 Historical Collections of the State of New 
 Jersey . . . , (with John W. Barber), New 
 York, 1844. 
 
 Memoirs of the Most Eminent American 
 Mechanics . . . , New York, 1844. 
 
 Historical Collections of Virginia . . . , 
 Charleston, S. C, 1845. 
 
 Historical Collections of Ohio . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1847. 
 
 Historical Collections of the Great West 
 . . . , 2 vols, in 1, Cincinnati, 1851. 
 
 The Travels and Adventures of Celebrated 
 Travelers in the Principal Countries of 
 the Globe . . . , Cincinnati, 1854. 
 
 Life and Death on the Ocean: A Collection 
 of Extraordinary Adventures . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1855. 
 
 Adventures and Achievements of Ameri- 
 cans . . . , Cincinnati, 1859. 
 
 Our Whole Country . . . , (with John W. 
 Barber), 2 vols., Cincinnati, 1861. 
 
 The Loyal West in the Times of the Rebel- 
 lion . . . , (with John W. Barber), Cin- 
 cinnati, 1865. 
 
 The Times of the Rebellion in the West 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1867. 
 
 Odds and Ends, Containing Queer Happen- 
 ings to Men and Things of Our Time . . . , 
 (Pseud., Dr. Alate Wideawake), Cincin- 
 nati, 1868. 
 
 Over the World . . . , Philadelphia, 1883. 
 
 Historical Collections of Ohio . . . , 3 vols., 
 Columbus, 1889-91. 
 
 HOWE, HERBERT ALONZO (Nov. 22, 
 1858-Nov. 2, 1926), astronomer, born in 
 Brockport, N. Y., graduated from Chicago 
 University in 1875 and in November of that 
 year came to Cincinnati, where he worked 
 at the Cincinnati Observatory until 1880. 
 A breakdown in health induced him to 
 move to Denver, Colo., where he distin- 
 guished himself in the field of astronomy. 
 Most of his publications were technical, but 
 he published one popular work: A Study 
 of the Sky, Meadville, Pa., 1896. 
 
 HOWELL, JOSEPH MORTON (March 17, 
 1863-Dec. 27, 1937), physician, was born 
 in Uniopolis, Auglaize County. In 1896 he 
 began practicing medicine in Dayton. In 
 1922 President Harding named him the 
 first United States minister to Egypt. The 
 literary result of his diplomatic service was 
 a volume that the British banned from 
 Egyptian bookstores: Egypt's Past, Present, 
 and Future, Dayton, [1929]. WWW 1 
 
 HOWELLS, WILLIAM COOPER (1807- 
 Aug. 29, 1894), father of William Dean 
 Howells and Annie T. Frechette (qq.v.), 
 was born in Hay, Wales, but was brought 
 to America when he was a year old. His 
 father, a converted Quaker, lived for brief 
 periods in Massachusetts, New York, and 
 Virginia before coming to Ohio in 1813. 
 William grew up in Steubenville and on a 
 farm in Harrison County. He learned the 
 printing trade in Wheeling, Va., and there 
 married Mary Dean in 1831. He apparently 
 resented the privations of his boyhood im- 
 posed on him by his father's impractical 
 nature. Despite his ambition, however, he 
 was even more mobile than his father. He 
 worked as a printer for brief periods in St. 
 Clairsville, Mount Pleasant, Chillicothe, 
 Cincinnati, and Martinsville (Martin's 
 Ferry). In 1834 while working on the 
 Scioto Gazette in Chillicothe, he was con- 
 verted to the Swedenborgian faith. His 
 numerous moves were partly due to his ex- 
 treme abolitionist views. He remained in 
 Hamilton, 1840-49, then spent a year and 
 a half in Dayton, in 1851 attempted to 
 start a paper mill near Xenia, went to 
 Columbus in 1851, and in 1852 moved to 
 Ashtabula and thence to Jefferson. With the 
 coming of the Civil War, his views on 
 slavery won him belated respect, and in 
 1864 he was elected to the state senate. In 
 1874 his son, William Dean, procured for 
 him a post as consul at Quebec; he was 
 later transferred to Toronto and resigned 
 in 1883. Besides the posthumous volume 
 listed below, he published a map of Ohio 
 in 1843 and at least two lectures in pam- 
 phlet form. 
 
 Recollections of Life in Ohio, from 1813 
 to 1840, Cincinnati, 1895. 
 
 HOWELLS, WILLIAM DEAN (March 1, 
 1837-May 11, 1920), was born in Martin's 
 Ferry, Belmont County. Martin's Ferry 
 looks across the wide river to the West 
 Virginia hills. Now a coal and steel town, 
 it began as a trading station when the 
 pioneer Zane family established a ferry serv- 
 ice there. When Ebenezer Martin bought 
 the ferry, sending Ohio hogs, sheep, and 
 
Howells, W. D. 
 
 320 
 
 cattle across the river to Eastern markets, 
 the settlement took his name. He was still 
 steering his blunt boat across the river 
 when William Dean Howells was born 
 there in 1837. The only literary influence 
 in the raw little river town was the child's 
 father, William Cooper Howells (q.v.). An 
 idealist with a love of printer's ink and 
 political dispute, he had also the restless 
 optimism of a frontiersman. He was a 
 Quaker of Welsh descent; Howells' mother 
 was Irish and Pennsylvania German. 
 Though there were ten to provide for at the 
 family table, the elder Howells followed 
 the precarious trade of frontier journalism, 
 crusading for abolition and the Free Soil 
 Party. At Martin's Ferry he established a 
 Free Soil magazine, which promptly failed. 
 More lasting was the small brick house he 
 built with his own ink-stained hands, and 
 in that house his second son, William Dean, 
 was born. In these years the tide of settle- 
 ment was moving west, and the Howells 
 family moved with it. In 1840 they settled 
 in Hamilton, a town in the Miami Valley, 
 twenty miles above Cincinnati. The journey 
 by boat was young Howells' first clear 
 memory, and he recalled in Hamilton fre- 
 quent visits from his uncles, who were 
 seasoned Ohio River boatmen. Friends of 
 the elder Howells lent him money to buy 
 a Whig newspaper, which he published for 
 the next eight years. So Hamilton was the 
 scene of William Dean Howells' boyhood, 
 and he remembered it with vividness and 
 affection all his life. The town of Hamilton 
 had begun as a frontier fort, a link in the 
 chain of strongholds Anthony Wayne used 
 in his campaign of 1793-94. After the In- 
 dian wars it became a center of trade and 
 settlement, and when the first segment of 
 the Miami and Erie Canal was opened in 
 1827 the town began to grow. The busy 
 life of the wharf basin, the political torch- 
 light parades through the streets, the 
 wooded islands in the Miami River, all re- 
 mained fresh in Howells' memory when he 
 wrote A Boy's Town many years later. 
 Here he received his scanty schooling, which 
 ended when he was twelve. More important 
 than the schoolroom was his work in his 
 father's print shop and the books on his 
 father's shelves. In the richest of his reminis- 
 cent essays, "The Country Printer" — from 
 Impressions and Experiences (1896) — he 
 wrote: "The printing office was mainly my 
 school." Like another sunburned Western 
 boy, in another river town, he learned more 
 from the pressroom than the classroom. 
 Years later Howells and Mark Twain com- 
 pared their experience as printer boys in the 
 frontier West. After nine years in Hamilton 
 
 the Howells family moved to Dayton, 
 where for about two years the elder Howells 
 published a daily newspaper. Young Howells 
 delivered papers at four a.m. and often was 
 setting type at midnight. When the paper 
 failed, the family went to live in a log 
 cabin on the Little Miami River in Greene 
 County, where the ex-editor tried to con- 
 vert a gristmill to the manufacture of paper. 
 That experiment failed, but forty years 
 later it provided material for a cheerful and 
 charming book, My Year in a Log Cabin. 
 The family next moved to northern Ohio, 
 where they established newspapers at Ashta- 
 bula and Jefferson. From his later position 
 of distance and achievement, Howells re- 
 called his semifrontier boyhood with a 
 warmth he did not feel in his growing 
 years. He disliked the coarseness of rustic 
 life and longed for genteel society and re- 
 finement. His instincts and interests pointed 
 not to the frontier West but toward New 
 England with its colonial past and its love 
 of learning. He was an undersized youth, 
 with more taste for poetry than for possum- 
 hunting. Earnest, ambitious, intellectually 
 curious, he felt more at home with older 
 people than with companions of his own 
 years. His strongest feelings were his "liter- 
 ary passions" — a love of Goldsmith, Cer- 
 vantes, Irving, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Heine. 
 He read avidly the books on his father's 
 shelves and laboriously studied Latin, Ger- 
 man, and Spanish. In German he was 
 helped by a bookbinder, on whom he drew 
 years later for the character of Lindau in 
 A Hazard of New Fortunes. In 1856, aged 
 nineteen, Howells went to the Ohio capital 
 to write political correspondence for a few 
 country papers. After a brief interval in 
 Cincinnati as a reporter on the Cincinnati 
 Gazette, he was back in Columbus writing 
 for the Ohio State Journal. This looked like 
 the beginning of a career, but Howells was 
 not a newspaperman at heart. He was ear- 
 nestly writing poems, a few of which were 
 published in the newly established Atlantic 
 Monthly. In 1860 he became joint-author 
 with his roommate, John J. Piatt (q.v.), of 
 a slender volume of poems. In that year he 
 made a pilgrimage to New England and was 
 generously received by Lowell, Holmes, and 
 Hawthorne. When he returned to Ohio, his 
 hopes were centered in Boston. The Ohio 
 State Journal was a vigorous newspaper on 
 the side of the young and growing Republi- 
 can Party. When Abraham Lincoln was 
 nominated for the Presidency, the Journal's 
 young editorial writer was commissioned 
 to write a life of Lincoln. Howells assumed 
 the task without much interest. He sent a 
 friend, James Quay Howard (q.v.), to Spring- 
 
321 
 
 Howells, W. D. 
 
 
 field to gather information on the prairie 
 lawyer (years later he confessed: "I missed 
 the greatest chance of my life.") and he 
 quickly wrote The Life of Abraham Lincoln 
 (I860), a rather perfunctory book. Yet it 
 caused a turning point in Howells' life. After 
 Lincoln's election the Ohio Republicans rec- 
 ommended Howells for a consular post. 
 President Lincoln named him U. S. consul 
 at Venice. So the Ohio youth embarked for 
 an ancient and splendid city. Four happy 
 and growing years Howells spent in Italy. 
 In 1862, while on vacation in Paris, he 
 married Eleanor Mead of Brattleboro. Vt., 
 whom he had previously met in Columbus. 
 Consular duties were light, and Howells 
 found time to read, to study languages, to 
 travel, and to write his pleasant observa- 
 tions in Venetian Life (1866) and Italian 
 Journeys (1867). When he returned to the 
 United States in 1865, he was a cultured 
 and cosmopolitan man. After a brief asso- 
 ciation with the Nation, he was appointed 
 in 1866 assistant editor of the Atlantic 
 Monthly. Five years later he became editor- 
 in-chief, a post he held for ten years. 
 Through reading Tolstoy and Balzac, 
 Howells had become convinced that fiction 
 should portray not remote and romantic 
 experience but real and familiar life. That 
 conviction soon began to shape his own 
 writing. His first narrative, Their Wedding 
 Journey (1872), is a quiet record of a wed- 
 ding trip on the St. Lawrence. A Chance 
 Acquaintance (1873) uses the same back- 
 ground but presents a personal problem and 
 a sustained theme. The theme is of social 
 adjustment — a simple youth abruptly thrust 
 into sophisticated society. This was 
 Howells' own experience, and it provided, 
 in many variations, the situations for many 
 of his novels. In this first example of the 
 theme, Howells' protagonist is an Ameri- 
 can girl, innocent and naive, whose father 
 (like the elder Howells) was a Free Soil 
 editor in the Middle West. Howells rooted 
 his realism in personal memory and reflec- 
 tion. Further use of his own experience ap- 
 pears in A Foregone Conclusion (1875), 
 The Lady of the Aroostook (1879), and 
 A Fearful Responsibility (1881); all em- 
 ploy a Venetian background and draw com- 
 parisons between American and Italian 
 character. In 1881 Howells resigned from 
 the Atlantic. Now he began a series of 
 novels concerned with ethical problems. A 
 Modern Instance (1882) shows a shrewd 
 and unscrupulous young journalist becom- 
 ing alienated from his idealistic wife; it is 
 the first American novel to use divorce as 
 a significant theme. The Rise of Silas Lap- 
 ham (1885) is a solid and impressive study 
 
 of a self-made man who grows in character 
 while failing in business. This novel, using 
 Howells' knowledge of Boston society and 
 his understanding of rural character, has 
 achieved a permanent place in American 
 fiction. Indian Summer (1886) is a deft 
 study of a middle-aged widow in a romantic 
 dilemma; its scene is Italy. April Hopes 
 (1888) is a story of young love in New Eng- 
 land, where a Puritan conscience with its 
 ironclad code "makes no allowance for 
 human nature." In 1886 Howells moved to 
 New York and became a member of the 
 editorial staff of Harper's Magazine. The 
 metropolis, with its extremes of wealth and 
 poverty, made him aware of economic prob- 
 lems. Events in the late 1880s forced his 
 attention to industrial strife. The New York 
 traction strike, the Haymarket Riots in 
 Chicago, and his reading of Tolstoy and 
 Henry George turned Howells to socialism 
 and brought new themes into his novels. 
 Annie Kilburn (1889) contrasts the 
 "haves" and "have nots" in an industrial 
 community. A Hazard of New Fortunes 
 (1890) pictures a cross-section of New 
 York society in a crisis brought on by a 
 strike of streetcar workers. A Traveler 
 from Altruria (1894) describes a Utopian 
 republic founded on principles of altruism. 
 Through the Eye of the Needle (1907) 
 shows the Utopian republic as a society 
 without money and therefore without 
 waste, greed, or crime. Later novels in 
 Howells' older style include The Landlord 
 at Lion's Head (1897), with its robust char- 
 acterization of the young New Englander 
 Jeff Durgin, and The Kentons (1902), a 
 story of an Ohio family who go to Europe. 
 Of Ohio, his home for the first 24 years of 
 his life, Howells wrote nothing until he had 
 moved from New England to New York. 
 His first Ohio scene appears in A Hazard 
 of New Fortunes; though this is a New 
 York novel, it describes the natural gas 
 boom in northwestern Ohio and the mush- 
 room growth of the town of Moffitt (Find- 
 lay) to account for the fortune of the char- 
 acter Dryfoos. The next year saw publication 
 of A Boy's Town, his record of boyhood 
 years in Hamilton. In 1893 appeared 
 My Year in a Log Cabin. The Coast of 
 Bohemia (1893) contains a brief but vivid 
 picture of an Ohio county fair, and in The 
 Kentons the opening Ohio scene soon gives 
 way to New York and Europe. In 1897 ap- 
 peared Stories of Ohio, a book for children. 
 New Leaf Mills (1913) is based on the 
 experience recalled in My Year in a Log 
 Cabin. The Leatherwood God (1916) is 
 a tale of religious fanaticism in the back 
 country near Martin's Ferry in the 1820s. 
 
Howells, W. D. 
 
 322 
 
 Howells was the most productive and ver- 
 satile writer of his time. His work includes 
 short stories, poems, novels, dramas, travel- 
 ogues, volumes of criticism and autobiog- 
 raphy. For the last thirty years of his life 
 he was the dominant figure in American 
 letters. He gave valuable counsel and en- 
 couragement to such iconoclastic young 
 realists as Crane, Garland, Norris, and 
 Herrick. He received many honors and was 
 chosen the first president of the American 
 Academy of Arts and Letters. Howells' 
 literary convictions are summed up in 
 Criticism and Fiction (1891). He stressed 
 the importance of common experience and 
 the truthful rendering of motives and feel- 
 ings. "Such beauty and such grandeur as 
 we have is common beauty, common gran- 
 deur. . . . These conditions invite the artist 
 to the study and appreciation of the com- 
 mon. . . . The arts must become demo- 
 cratic, and then we shall have the expres- 
 sion of America in art." He believed that 
 art must serve morality and that it should 
 provide an evaluation of character and 
 experience. By the time of Howells' death, 
 realism was firmly established in American 
 fiction. Since then many novelists have 
 gone further in portrayal of real experience, 
 of economic strife, of physical passions, of 
 psychological conflicts. Howells was a "reti- 
 cent realist," restrained by the conventions 
 of his time and by his own propriety and 
 discretion. But he marked out the path that 
 twentieth-century fiction has followed. The 
 bibliography below includes only books. A 
 complete list of his writings can be found 
 in A Bibliography of William Dean 
 Howells, compiled by William M. Gibson 
 and George Arms, New York, 1948. 
 
 Walter Havighurst 
 Lives and Speeches of Abraham Lincoln 
 and Hannibal Hamlin, (with John L. 
 Hayes), Columbus, 1860. 
 Poems of Two Friends, (with John James 
 
 Piatt), Columbus, 1860. 
 Venetian Life, London, 1866. 
 Italian Journeys, New York, 1867. 
 No Love Lost, a Romance of Travel, New 
 
 York, 1869. 
 Suburban Sketches, Boston, 1871. 
 Their Wedding Journey, Boston, 1872. 
 A Chance Acquaintance, Boston, 1873. 
 Poems, Boston, 1873. 
 A Foregone Conclusion, Boston, 1875. 
 A Day's Pleasure, Boston, 1876. 
 The Parlor Car. Farce, Boston, 1876. 
 Sketch of the Life and Character of Ruther- 
 ford B. Hayes .... New York, 1876. 
 A Counterfeit Presentment. Comedy, Bos- 
 ton, 1877. 
 
 Out of the Question. A Comedy, Boston, 
 
 1877. 
 The Lady of the Aroostook, Boston, 1879. 
 The Undiscovered Country, Boston, 1880. 
 Doctor Breen's Practice. A Novel, Boston, 
 
 1881. 
 A Fearful Responsibility and Other Stories, 
 
 Boston, 1881. 
 A Modern Instance. A Novel, Boston, 1882. 
 The Sleeping Car. A Farce, Boston, 1883. 
 A Woman's Reason. A Novel, Boston, 
 
 1883. 
 A Little Girl among the Old Masters, Bos- 
 ton, 1884. 
 Niagara Revisited, Chicago, 1884. 
 The Register. Farce, Boston, 1884. 
 Three Villages, Boston, 1884. 
 The Elevator. Farce, Boston, 1885. 
 The Rise of Silas Lapham, Boston, 1885. 
 The Garroters. Farce, New York, 1886. 
 Indian Summer, Boston, 1886. 
 Tuscan Cities, Boston, 1886. 
 The Minister's Charge: Or, the Apprentice- 
 ship of Lemuel Barker, Boston, 1887. 
 Modern Italian Poets, Essays and Versions, 
 
 New York, 1887. 
 April Hopes, New York, 1888. 
 A Sea Change; Or, Love's Stowaway . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1888. 
 Annie Kilburn. A Novel, New York, 1889. 
 The Mouse-trap and Other Farces, New 
 
 York, 1889. 
 A Boy's Town . . . , New York, 1890. 
 A Hazard of New Fortunes. A Novel, New 
 
 York, 1890. 
 The Shadow of a Dream. A Story, New 
 
 York. 1890. 
 Criticism and Fiction, New York, 1891. 
 The Albany Depot. Farce, New York, 1892. 
 An Imperative Duty. A Novel, New York, 
 
 1892. 
 A Letter of Introduction. Farce, New York, 
 
 1892. 
 A Little Swiss Sojourn, New York, 1892. 
 The Quality of Mercy. A Novel, New York, 
 
 1892. 
 Christmas Every Day and Other Stories 
 
 Told for Children, New York, 1893. 
 The Coast of Bohemia. A Novel, New York, 
 
 1893. 
 Evening Dress. Farce, New York, 1893. 
 My Year in a Log Cabin, New York, 1893. 
 The Unexpected Guests. A Farce, New 
 
 York, 1893. 
 The World of Chance. A Novel, New York, 
 
 1893. 
 A Likely Story. Farce, New York, 1894. 
 A Traveler from Altruria. Romance, New 
 
 York, 1894. 
 My Literary Passions, New York, 1895. 
 Stops of Various Quills, New York, 1895. 
 
323 
 
 Howl and 
 
 The Day of Their Wedding. A Novel, New 
 York, 1896. 
 
 Impressions and Experiences, New York, 
 1896. 
 
 A Parting and a Meeting. Story, New York, 
 1896. 
 
 The Landlord at Lion's Head. A Novel, 
 New York, 1897. 
 
 An Open-eyed Conspiracy: An Idyl of 
 Saratoga, New York. 1897. 
 
 A Previous Engagement. Comedy, New- 
 York, 1897. 
 
 Stories of Ohio, New York. 1897. 
 
 The Story of a Play. A Novel, New York, 
 1898. 
 
 Ragged Lady. A Novel, New York. 1899. 
 
 Their Silver Wedding Journey, 2 vols., New 
 York, 1899. 
 
 Bride Roses. A Scene, Boston. 1900. 
 
 An Indian Giver. A Comedy, Boston, 1900. 
 
 Literary Friends and Acquaintance . . . , 
 New York. 1900. 
 
 Room Forty -five. A Farce, Boston, 1900. 
 
 The Smoking Car. A Farce, Boston, 1900. 
 
 Heroines of Fiction, 2 vols., New York, 
 1901. 
 
 A Pair of Patient Lovers, New York, 1901. 
 
 The Flight of Pony Baker: A Boy's Town 
 Story, New York, 1902. 
 
 The Kentons. A Novel, New York, 1902. 
 
 Literature and Life. Studies, New York, 
 1902. 
 
 Letters Home, New York. 1903. 
 
 Questionable Shapes, New York, 1903. 
 
 The Son of Royal Langbrith. A Novel, New 
 York, 1904.' 
 
 Miss Bellard's Inspiration. A Novel, New 
 York, 1905. 
 
 Certain Delightful English Towns . . . , 
 New York, 1906. 
 
 London Films, New York, 1906. 
 
 Between the Dark and the Daylight. Ro- 
 mances, New York, 1907. 
 
 The Mulberries in Pay's Garden, Cincin- 
 nati, [1907]. 
 
 Through the Eye of the Needle. A Ro- 
 mance, New York, 1907. 
 
 Fennel and Rue. A Novel. New York, 1908. 
 
 Roman Holidays and Others, New York, 
 1908. 
 
 The Mother and the Father. Dramatic Pas- 
 sages, New York, 1909. 
 
 Seven English Cities, New York, 1909. 
 
 Imaginary Interviews, New York, 1910. 
 
 My Mark Twain. Reminiscences and Criti- 
 cisms, New York. 1910. 
 
 Parting Friends. A Farce, New York, 1911. 
 
 Familiar Spanish Travels, New York, 1913. 
 
 New Leaf Mills. A Chronicle, New York, 
 1913. 
 
 The Seen and Unseen at Stratford-on-Avon, 
 New York, 1914. 
 
 The Daughter of the Storage and Other 
 Things in Prose and Verse, New York, 
 [1916]. 
 
 The Leatherwood God, New York, 1916. 
 
 Years of My Youth, New York, [1916]. 
 
 The Vacation of the Kelwyns . . . , New 
 York, [1920]. 
 
 Eighty Years and After, [New York], 1921. 
 
 Mrs. Farrell, New York, [1921]. 
 
 HOWENSTEIN, EMILY GUILLON FULLER. 
 
 See Emily G. Fuller. 
 
 HOWENSTINE, E. JAY, JR. (Aug. 12, 
 1914- ), economist, was born in Stanford, 
 Ky., but his family moved to northern 
 Ohio the year after his birth. He graduated 
 from Elyria High School in 1932, Miami 
 University in 1934, and Ohio State Univer- 
 sity (Ph.D.) in 1942. After teaching for 
 two years at Park College, Mo., he joined 
 the U. S. Bureau of Agricultural Economics 
 in 1944. He now lives in Geneva, Switzer- 
 land. His writings include The Economics 
 of Demobilization, [Washington, D. C, 
 1944]. 
 
 HOWER, FRANK LESLIE (Feb. 17, 1903- 
 ), was born in Rawson, Hancock County, 
 and attended the schools of that commu- 
 nity. He joined the navy at the age of 
 seventeen. Now retired, he lives in Los 
 Angeles. He has published considerable fic- 
 tion, some of it under the pen name Jack 
 Rawson, e.g., Brass Buttons, Philadelphia, 
 [1941]. 
 
 HOWISON, GEORGE HOLMES (Nov. 29, 
 1834-Dec. 31. 1916), educator, born in 
 Montgomery County, Md., was educated 
 in Ohio, graduating from Marietta College 
 in 1852 and Lane Seminary in 1855. He 
 spent several years teaching in secondary 
 schools of Ohio and Massachusetts before 
 going to Washington University, St. Louis, 
 where his interests centered on philosophy. 
 He also taught at Harvard University, the 
 University of California, and other schools. 
 His most important work was The Limits 
 of Evolution . . . , New York, 1901. WWW 
 1 
 
 HOWLAND, CHARLES ROSCOE (Feb. 16, 
 1871-Sept. 21, 1946), army officer, was 
 born in Jefferson, Ashtabula County. He 
 attended Oberlin College for one year and 
 graduated from the U. S. Military Academy 
 in 1895. After retiring from the army as a 
 brigadier general in 1935, he lived in Cleve- 
 land. His major literary work was A Mili- 
 tary History of the World War, Fort 
 Leavenworth, Kan., 1923. WWW 2 
 
Hoyt, E. O. 
 
 324 
 
 HOYT, ELIZABETH ORPHA (Dec. 7, 
 1834-?), was born in Athens, Athens 
 County. She attended Ohio University and 
 taught mathematics in Worthington Female 
 Seminary, 1851-53. In 1854 she married 
 John Wesley Hoyt (q.v.). They moved to 
 Wisconsin in 1857. According to Cogge- 
 shall, she wrote "several little books for 
 children," but only one such title has been 
 discovered. 
 Little George and His Hatchet, Madison, 
 
 [Wis.], 1858. 
 The Horticultural Embellishment of School- 
 house Grounds, Madison, Wis., 1860. 
 
 HOYT, JAMES HUMPHREY (Nov. 10, 
 1852-March 21, 1917), lawyer, younger 
 brother of Way land Hoyt (q.v.), was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He gradu- 
 ated from Brown University in 1874, 
 studied law at Harvard University, and 
 afterward practiced in Cleveland. His only 
 publication was a posthumous collection, 
 privately printed: Selections from the 
 Speeches and Papers of James Humphrey 
 Hoyt, Cleveland, 1922. WWW 1 
 
 HOYT, JAMES MADISON (Jan. 16, 1815- 
 April 21, 1895), father of James Humphrey 
 Hoyt, Wayland Hoyt, and Lydia Hoyt 
 Painter (qq.v.), was born in Utica, N. Y., 
 and graduated from Hamilton College in 
 1834. He studied law in Utica and then in 
 the Cleveland firm of Andrews and Foot. 
 He was admitted to partnership in 1837 
 but retired from practice in 1853 to devote 
 his time to real estate. He was a prominent 
 citizen of Cleveland and was an active 
 member of the Baptist Church, serving for 
 over twenty years as president of the Ohio 
 Baptist State Convention. His one book is 
 an account of a European tour made in 
 1871 in the company of his son, Wayland 
 Hoyt. 
 
 Glances on the Wing at Foreign Lands, 
 Cleveland, 1872. 
 
 HOYT, JOHN WESLEY (Oct. 21, 1831-May 
 23, 1912), educator, was born in Franklin 
 County. After graduating from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1849, he attended Cin- 
 cinnati Law School and Ohio Medical Col- 
 lege. He was professor of chemistry and 
 medical jurisprudence at the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute, 1853-56. In 1857 he went to Wiscon- 
 sin, where he published the Wisconsin 
 Farmer and Northeastern Cultivator until 
 1867 and became a prominent figure in the 
 agricultural and educational circles of that 
 state. He is said to have been instrumental 
 in reorganizing Wisconsin State University 
 and in obtaining large additions to the en- 
 
 dowment funds. He was one of the founders 
 of the Republican Party, and President 
 Hayes appointed him governor of Wyoming 
 Territory, in which capacity he served from 
 1878 until 1882. The condition of his health 
 forced him to move to California. In 1887 
 he had a bill before Congress for a Na- 
 tional University to be endowed by the 
 government, and in this same year he re- 
 turned to Wyoming as the president of the 
 State University, where he served until 1890. 
 Besides the titles below, some of his 
 speeches and educational reports were pub- 
 lished. 
 
 Resources of Wisconsin, [Madison, Wis.?], 
 1860. 
 
 Studies in Civil Service . . . , New York, 
 [1884]. 
 
 Distinctive Feature of the Proposed Univer- 
 sity of the United States . . . , [Washing- 
 ton, D. C. 1887]. 
 
 HOYT, WAYLAND (Feb. 18, 1838-Sept. 28, 
 1910), clergyman, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Brown University in 1860 and Rochester 
 Theological Seminary in 1863. Ordained 
 to the Baptist ministry in 1863, he served 
 churches in Massachusetts, Ohio, New 
 York, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota. He 
 also taught for a time at Temple Univer- 
 sity. His death occurred in Salem, Mass. 
 Saturday Afternoon . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 [1889]. 
 Walks and Talks with Charles H. Spurgeon, 
 
 Philadelphia, [1892]. 
 For Shine and Shade; Short Essays in Prac- 
 tical Religion, Philadelphia, [1899]. 
 Helps Upward, Boston, [1899]. 
 Home Ideals, Philadelphia, 1904. 
 The Teaching of Jesus Concerning His Own 
 
 Person, New York [1907]. 
 Some of the Reasons Why I Cannot Ac- 
 cept the Results of the Destructive Criti- 
 cism of the Old Testament, Philadelphia, 
 [1908]. 
 
 HOYT, WILBUR FRANKLIN (March 13, 
 1864-June 25, 1930), educator, was born 
 in Reedsville, Meigs County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1895. 
 He taught science in several Midwestern 
 colleges and from 1910 until his death was 
 professor of physical science at Nebraska 
 State Teachers College, Peru, Neb. Besides 
 several chemistry textbooks and manuals, 
 he wrote a "philosophy of science," Science 
 and Life . . . , [Peru, Neb.], 1927. WWW 1 
 
 HUBBARD, FRANK McKINNEY (Kin) 
 (Sept. 1, 1868-Dec. 26, 1930), though 
 commonly thought of as a Hoosier since 
 
325 
 
 Hubbard, F. M. 
 
 his work was based on Indiana, where 
 he lived and worked for nearly forty 
 years, was born in Bellefontaine, Logan 
 County. His parents, Thomas and Sarah 
 Jane (Miller) Hubbard, and most of 
 their six children, of whom Kin was the 
 youngest, appear to have been "characters" 
 with amiable eccentricities. Kin went no fur- 
 ther in school than the seventh grade and 
 then dropped out. Various jobs followed, 
 including four years as a post office clerk 
 and a brief stay in an art school in Detroit, 
 where he had gone to develop his not in- 
 considerable drawing talent. Next came three 
 years as a staff artist on the Indianapolis 
 News and then more brief and unimportant 
 jobs in one place after another. All this time 
 Hubbard was stage-struck and fond of loud 
 clothes — but shy and backward with girls. 
 In 1899, at the age of 31, he went back to 
 Indianapolis, where he was to spend the rest 
 of his life. The time and the place were con- 
 genial to him. Indiana's finest crop of literary 
 figures was in bloom: Booth Tarkington, 
 Charles Major, George Ade, George Barr 
 McCutcheon, James Whitcomb Riley, and 
 Meredith Nicholson all became his friends. 
 Among the newspapermen he associated 
 with were several destined to national 
 prominence: Kent Cooper, Roy Howard, 
 Mark Thistlethwaite, Lowell Mellett, and 
 Claude G. Bowers. Hubbard's work on the 
 News consisted for the first three years of 
 funny sketches and caricatures of celebrities 
 at political and other gatherings. In 1904 he 
 started drawing a rustic character, whom he 
 named Abe Martin, with a humorous com- 
 ment or two beneath the sketch. In time the 
 character became the chinless loafer of sub- 
 sequent fame, in a column-wide drawing; 
 and the comments, always two unrelated 
 short sentences, became the best-known part 
 of the work. It was as a commentator on 
 human nature and the passing scene, a 
 homespun cracker-barrel philosopher, that 
 Hubbard came into his own. Success, when 
 it arrived, came in full measure, and he soon 
 could afford to take a wife. He married 
 Josephine Jackson in 1905; they had a son 
 and a daughter who reached maturity and 
 two boys who died in infancy. In the year 
 of his marriage he brought out some of his 
 work in book form, as he continued to do 
 profitably until his death. Representative 
 titles include Abe Martin, of Brown County, 
 Indiana, Indianapolis, [1907]; Abe Martin 
 on Things in General, Indianapolis, [1925]; 
 Abe Martin, Hoss Sense and Nonsense, Indi- 
 anapolis, [1926]; and A be Martin's Town 
 Pump, Indianapolis, [1930]. Around 1910 
 his work began to be syndicated, and in time 
 some 200 papers all over the country were 
 
 using it. He became moderately wealthy. 
 His eccentricities were endless — and usually 
 appealing: on a world cruise he kept his 
 watch always on Indianapolis time, and his- 
 torical backgrounds and native customs 
 failed to interest him; he refused to tell his 
 age; he enjoyed disagreeing with what other 
 people said; he was bored by routine and 
 would not cut his bond coupons. His stock 
 character, Abe Martin, and Abe's various 
 friends who appeared now and then were all 
 supposed to live in Brown County, Indiana, 
 a rugged, wooded section, perhaps the most 
 backward and certainly the most inaccessi- 
 ble part of the state. Here the State of In- 
 diana established the Brown County State 
 Park two years after Hubbard's death, in 
 part as a memorial to him and to the 
 characters he had created. A few years later, 
 his name was added to the Ohio Journalism 
 Hall of Fame. Hubbard died of a heart at- 
 tack. His funeral services were carried on a 
 radio network, perhaps the first time this 
 had been done. Americans are prone to pay 
 their newspaper humorists well while they 
 are alive and forget them after they are 
 dead. Kin Hubbard, however, eccentric in 
 this as in many other respects, was both 
 well rewarded during his lifetime and then 
 republished in newspapers for years after 
 his death. His humor is still relished by 
 many and is still being syndicated. Typical 
 of his humor are the following specimens: 
 
 I got a letter from Rushville sayin' thet 
 there wuz a Uncle Tom's Cabin troupe up 
 ther last week an' th' dogs were good but 
 they had poor support. 
 
 Elgin Tyler is the oddest feller. He'll 
 take a drink o' liquor an' mebby he wunt 
 take another for ten or fifteen minutes. 
 
 Newt Plum's son-in-law says he never 
 saved a blamed cent until after his wife 
 had quarreled with ever' dressmaker in 
 town. 
 
 Th' weddin' last evenin' o' Miss Princess 
 Bud an' Mr. Mingo Bain wuz th' most 
 successful o' th' season, excellin' all for- 
 mer efforts by two pickle dishes. 
 
 Th' husband that has time t' git his 
 breakfast downtown is liable t' be late for 
 supper. 
 
 Nothin' upsets a woman like some- 
 buddy gittin' married she didn't even 
 know had a beau. 
 
 It's no disgrace t' be poor, but it might 
 as well be. 
 
 Mr. Lemmie Peters got B-plus in salad 
 makin' at th' state pharmacy board ex- 
 amination recently. 
 
 When you once git started it takes an 
 awful strong will power t' keep from run- 
 
Hubbard, L. L. 
 
 326 
 
 nin' th' scale on a roastin' ear without 
 stoppin'. 
 
 A feller with long whiskers hates t' 
 carry a baby. 
 
 While goin' after fishin' worms in a field 
 where his wife wuz plowin' Tipton Bud 
 found a Indian dart. 
 
 If a woman's lips are thin an' droop at 
 th' corners it's a sign her husband belongs 
 t' all th' lodges he kin git into. 
 
 Walter Rumsey Marvin 
 
 HUBBARD, LUCIUS LEE (Aug. 7, 1849- 
 Aug. 3, 1933), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. After graduating from 
 Harvard Law School in 1875, he was ad- 
 mitted to the Massachusetts bar. He later 
 earned a doctorate at the University of Bonn 
 in 1886. In 1893 he became state geologist 
 of Michigan and served in that capacity 
 until 1899. He was a notable bibliophile and 
 wrote numerous papers on bibliographical 
 matters. He became regent of the University 
 of Michigan in 1911. 
 Summer Vacations at Moosehead Lake and 
 
 Vicinity . . . , Boston, 1879. 
 Woods and Lakes of Maine: A Trip from 
 
 Moosehead Lake to New Brunswick in a 
 
 Birch Bark Canoe . . . , Boston, 1884. 
 The University of Michigan — Its Origin, 
 
 Growth, and Principles of Government, 
 
 Ann Arbor, 1923. 
 
 HUBBARD-KERNAN, WILL (1845-Jan 28, 
 1905), journalist, was born in Belief ontaine, 
 Logan County, the son of James Kernan. 
 His mother was the sister of William and 
 Thomas Hubbard, well-known Ohio news- 
 papermen; the latter was the father of Frank 
 McKinney "Kin" Hubbard (q.v.). He at- 
 tended local schools and graduated from the 
 University of Michigan in 1868. Will be- 
 came an itinerant newspaperman whose 
 meanderings took him from New York to 
 the Dakotas and from Minneapolis to Oko- 
 lona, Miss. His death occurred in Memphis, 
 Tenn. Perhaps the author of the florid bio- 
 graphical foreword to The Flaming Meteor 
 has his tongue in his cheek when he wrote: 
 "After Edgar Allan Poe, the most brilliant 
 poetic genius this country has produced, 
 comes Will Hubbard-Kernan." 
 The Flaming Meteor. Poetical Works, Chi- 
 cago, 1892. 
 
 HUBBART, HENRY CLYDE (April 14, 
 1882- ), educator, born in Carthage, 
 Mo., was a member of the Ohio Wesleyan 
 University history department, 1917-52; 
 since his retirement he has continued to live 
 in Delaware. He wrote Ohio Wesleyan's First 
 Hundred Years, Delaware, [1943]. WW 30 
 
 HUBBELL, GEORGE ALLEN (Aug. 15, 
 1862-Sept. 28, 1943), educator, was born 
 in Springfield, Clark County. He taught 
 school, 1881-85 and 1887-88, to finance his 
 education at Antioch College, where he 
 graduated in 1890; he earned his Ph.D. at 
 Columbia University. He served on the 
 Antioch College faculty, 1893-98, and also 
 taught at other colleges, and was president 
 of Lincoln Memorial University, Tenn., 
 1910-22. He died in Asheville. N. C, and is 
 buried in Knoxville, Tenn. He published 
 textbooks and a biography: Horace Mann, 
 Educator, Patriot and Reformer . . . , Phila- 
 dephia, 1910. WW 13 
 
 HUBERICH, CHARLES HENRY (Feb. 18, 
 1877-June 18, 1945), educator and lawyer, 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. He 
 graduated from the University of Texas in 
 1897, was admitted to the bar in 1898, and 
 afterward studied at Yale University and in 
 German universities. He taught at the Uni- 
 versity of Texas, Stanford University, and 
 the University of Wisconsin. He has written 
 professional articles and legal works, and 
 The Political and Legislative History of 
 Liberia . . . , 2 vols., New York, 1947. 
 WWW 2 
 
 HUBERT, PHILIP GENGEMBRE (Jan. 9, 
 1852-Jan. 3, 1925), journalist, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He was edu- 
 cated in private schools in Boston and Paris 
 and afterward was on the staff of the New 
 York Evening Post and later on the New 
 York Herald. 
 
 Liberty and a Living . . . , New York, 1889. 
 Inventors, New York, 1893. 
 The Stage as a Career, New York, 1900. 
 The Merchants' National Bank of the City 
 
 of New York; A History . . . , New 
 
 York, 1903. 
 
 HUDDILSTON, JOHN HOMER (Feb. 9, 
 1869-July 26, 1956), educator, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He graduated 
 from Baldwin University in 1890 and was an 
 instructor there from 1890 to 1892. He did 
 graduate work at Harvard University and 
 in European universities, taking his Ph.D. at 
 the University of Munich in 1897. He taught 
 Greek, archaeology, and art history at the 
 University of Maine from 1899 until his re- 
 tirement in 1942. Besides the titles below, 
 he published a textbook in New Testament 
 Greek. 
 
 Greek Tragedy in the Light of Vase Paint- 
 ings, New York, 1898. 
 Lessons from Greek Pottery . . . , New 
 York, 1902. 
 
327 
 
 Hughes, A. P. 
 
 HUDSON, JAMES FAIRCHILD (May 12, 
 1846-May 2, 1915), journalist, was born in 
 Oberlin, Lorain County. After graduating 
 from Oberlin College in 1867, he worked on 
 a number of newspapers, including the To- 
 ledo Blade, the Youngstown Register, and 
 the Pittsburgh Commercial-Gazette. 
 The Railways and the Republic, New York, 
 
 1886. 
 A Silver Symposium: Being an Analysis of 
 
 the Money Issue . . . , Pittsburgh, Pa., 
 
 1896. 
 
 HUDSON, JAY WILLIAM (March 12, 1874- 
 May 11, 1958), educator and lecturer, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. After 
 studying at Hiram College and Oberlin Col- 
 lege, he graduated from the University of 
 California in 1905 and Harvard University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1908. After serving in several 
 universities, he joined the University of Mis- 
 souri philosophy faculty, where he taught 
 from 1908 until his retirement in 1944. He 
 published novels and books on religion and 
 education, e.g., The College and New Amer- 
 ica, New York, 1920. WWW 3 
 
 HUDSON, THOMSON JAY (Feb. 22, 1834- 
 May 26, 1903), author and lecturer, was 
 born in Windham, Portage County. He grew 
 up on his father's farm, attended the local 
 academy, and received private tutoring. 
 Although his father intended him for the 
 ministry, he preferred law and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1857, then practiced for three 
 years in Mansfield. From 1860 to 1886 he 
 was a journalist in Michigan and Washing- 
 ton, D. C. He was employed by the U. S. 
 Patent Office in 1880 and was chief ex- 
 aminer, 1886-93. His growing interest in 
 psychical phenomena led to the publication 
 of his first book, which was widely read. 
 During the last ten years of his life he lec- 
 tured and wrote on his theories of suggestion 
 and autosuggestion. 
 
 The Law of Psychic Phenomena . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1894. 
 A Scientific Demonstration of the Future 
 
 Life, Chicago, 1895. 
 The Divine Pedigree of Man . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1899. 
 The Law of Mental Medicine . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1903. 
 The Evolution of the Soul, and Other Essays, 
 Chicago, 1904. 
 
 HUEBNER, FRANCIS CHRISTIAN (Dec. 
 
 11, 1869-April 12, 1954), lawyer, was born 
 in Gnadenhutton, Tuscarawas County. After 
 graduating from George Washington Uni- 
 versity, he was admitted to the Ohio bar in 
 
 1896. He was an official in the Post Office 
 Department. Washington, D. C, 1897-1906, 
 and practiced law in Fresno, Calif., 1907-46. 
 He died in California. 
 
 The Moravian Missions in Ohio, Washing- 
 ton, D. C. 1898. 
 Charles Killhuck; An Indian's Story of the 
 Border Wars of the American Revolution, 
 Washington, D. C, 1902. 
 
 HUFFMAN, JASPER ABRAHAM (Feb. 28, 
 1880- ), clergyman, born in Elkhart 
 County, Ind., lived in Ohio from 1900 to 
 1922. He was ordained to the ministry of the 
 Mennonite Brethren in Christ in 1904, grad- 
 uated from Bonebrake Seminary in 1909, 
 served a church in Dayton, and taught at 
 Bluffton College and Witmarsum Seminary. 
 He later taught at Marion College and Tay- 
 lor University. He now lives at Winona 
 Lake, Ind. He has written a number of 
 books on religious themes, e.g., Job a World 
 Example, New Carlisle, [1914]. WW 28 
 
 HUGENTABLER, ROBERT CAMPBELL 
 
 (Aug. 14, 1862-March 29, 1936), educator, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County; 
 but while he was a child, his parents moved 
 to Miamitown, and he spent the remander 
 of his life in that community. He taught 
 country schools around Miamitown and 
 owned a large apiary. He published a collec- 
 tion of poems: The Resurrection and Other 
 Poems, Cincinnati, 1913. 
 
 HUGGINS, WILLIAM LLOYD (May 14, 
 1865-May 24, 1941), lawyer, was born on a 
 farm in Highland County. In 1885 he went 
 to Kansas, where he taught school and at- 
 tended the Normal School of Emporia. 
 While superintendent of schools, Lyons 
 County, Kan., he read law, and he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1897. He practiced in 
 Emporia and also served as presiding judge 
 of the Kansas Court of Industrial Relations, 
 1920-23. He wrote Labor and Democracy, 
 New York, 1922. WWW 1 
 
 HUGHES, ADELLA PRENTISS (Mrs. Felix 
 H.) (Nov. 29, 1869-Aug. 23, 1950), was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. She 
 attended Rockwell School in Cleveland and 
 graduated from Vassar College in 1890. She 
 was active in Cleveland musical endeavors 
 for more than fifty years, was a founder of 
 the Cleveland Symphony and its manager 
 for fifteen years, and was instrumental in the 
 building of Severance Hall. An account of 
 her varied endeavors is found in her auto- 
 biography: Music Is My Life, Cleveland, 
 [1947]. WWW 3 
 
Hughes, J. S. 
 
 328 
 
 HUGHES, JASPER SEATON (May 9, 1843- 
 May 17, 1926), clergyman, was born in 
 Wilmington, Clinton County. After attend- 
 ing Hiram College and Butler University, he 
 was ordained to the ministry of the Disciples 
 of Christ Church. His Ohio pastorates were 
 Hamilton and Yellow Springs; he also 
 served churches in Indiana, New York, and 
 Michigan. He died in Holland, Mich. 
 Mystery of the Golden Cloth . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1895. 
 The Seer of Patmos . . . , Indianapolis, 
 
 1899. 
 The Revelation, [Holland, Mich., 1910]. 
 Christianity . . . , Grand Rapids, Mich., 
 
 1915. 
 The King's Trumpet . . . , Holland, Mich., 
 
 [1921]. 
 
 HUGHES, RUPERT (Jan. 31, 1872-Sept. 9, 
 1956), dramatist, novelist, biographer, and 
 musicologist, lived in Missouri, Iowa, Con- 
 necticut, New York, and California. His 
 Ohio connection is his attendance at Western 
 Reserve Academy and Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, where he earned an A.B. degree in 
 1892 and an M.A. in 1894. His preparatory 
 school experiences furnished material for 
 two popular novels about a group of ath- 
 letically minded boys: The Lakerim Athletic 
 Club, New York, 1897, and The Dozen 
 from Lakerim, New York, 1899. 
 
 HUGHES, THOMAS J. (Nov. 19, 1865-Aug. 
 5, 1934), lawyer, was born in Delaware, 
 Delaware County. He attended Greenville 
 public schools and Ohio Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity, after which he read law in Green- 
 ville. He practiced in the West for a short 
 time, but returned to Greenville, where he 
 practiced until his death. Under the pen 
 name Thomas Jayhews, he wrote a novel: 
 His Better Self . . . , Akron, [1910]. He 
 also wrote on economic and political issues, 
 e.g., Economic Equity, Dayton, 1931. 
 
 HUGHES, THOMAS LLOYD (Sept. 6, 1806- 
 1896), was born in Denbyshire, Wales. He 
 came to America in 1840 and settled in Oak 
 Hill, Jackson County, where he lived until 
 his death at the age of ninety. He was 
 cashier and secretary of Jefferson Furnace. 
 He wrote a column in the Standard-Journal 
 for a number of years, published poems in 
 Welsh, and wrote a life of Christ in Welsh. 
 Yr Emmanuel . . . , Utica, N. Y., 1882. 
 
 HULBERT, ARCHER BUTLER (Jan. 26, 
 1873-Dec. 24, 1933), educator, born in 
 Bennington, Vt., graduated from Marietta 
 College in 1895, was vice-principal of Put- 
 
 nam Military Academy, Zanesville, 1895-97, 
 and was professor of history at Marietta, 
 1904-18. A prolific writer, especially on 
 transportation history, he published more 
 than a hundred books, e.g., The Ohio River; 
 A Course of Empire, New York, 1906. DAB 
 21 
 
 HULL, ALEXANDER (Sept. 15, 1887-March 
 4, 1953), musician and educator, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. After grad- 
 uating from Muskingum College in 1906, he 
 taught voice in Zanesville for a year and 
 afterward served as chairman of the music 
 department, Pacific College, Oreg., 1908- 
 35. He was a composer and also wrote short 
 stories and a novel: Shep of the Painted 
 Hills, New York, 1930. WWW 3 
 
 HULTMAN, HELEN JOAN (March 1, 1891- 
 ), educator, was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. She graduated from Deni- 
 son University in 1912, taught in West Vir- 
 ginia for a few years, and in 1919 began 
 teaching English at Stivers High School, 
 Dayton. Her present home is Dayton. She 
 has written a number of murder mysteries, 
 most of them with an Ohio background, e.g., 
 Murder on Route 40, New York, [1940]. 
 
 HUMBLE, HENRY WILBUR (April 30, 
 1883-Jan. 11, 1941), educator, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from the University of Kansas in 1905 and 
 the University of Cincinnati Law School in 
 1908. He afterward taught law at the Uni- 
 versity of Kansas and Brookings Law 
 School. At the time of his death he was 
 teaching English and history at the College 
 of the City of New York. Besides legal 
 works, he published poetry, e.g., Lines on 
 Literati and Other Poems, New York, 1928. 
 BDCP 
 
 HUMPHREY, WILLIAM DEPUE (April 14, 
 1900- ), educator, was born in Sharpsburg, 
 Pa., and is a graduate of Lafayette College. 
 He taught in Findlay High School for a 
 number of years and is now director of the 
 evening school, Ohio Northern University. 
 He has written A Brief History of Gas and 
 Oil in Findlay . . . , [Findlay, 1940]. 
 
 HUMPHREYS, EVAN WILLIAMS (1816- 
 1884), clergyman, was born in Wales and 
 came to the United States in 1842. After 
 attending Granville College and Meadville 
 Theological Seminary, he was ordained to 
 the ministry of the Christian Church. He 
 preached in Clermont and Greene Counties. 
 His death occurred in Yellow Springs. His 
 
329 
 
 Hunt, G. M. 
 
 only book contains biographies of 975 
 ministers. 
 
 Memoirs of Deceased Christian Ministers 
 . . . , Dayton, 1880. 
 
 HUMPHREYS, MARY GAY (d.Oct. 10, 
 1915). was born in Ripley. Brown County. 
 She traveled extensively in the Orient and 
 served eight months in Philippine hospitals 
 during the insurrection. In addition to the 
 titles listed below, she edited several bio- 
 graphical books about the West. The first 
 title was published under the pen name 
 Elinor Gay, and the last two titles were pub- 
 lished under the pen name Henry Somer- 
 ville. 
 Skillful Susx, (with E. W. Boardman), New 
 
 York, 1885. 
 Catherine Schuyler, New York, 1897. 
 Jack Racer, New York. 1901. 
 Racer of Illinois, New York, 1902. 
 
 HUMPHRIES, ADELAIDE MORRIS (Oct. 
 31, 1899- ), was born in Columbus. 
 Franklin County, lived in Cleveland for a 
 number of years, and now lives in West 
 Palm Beach. Fla. She has written numerous 
 short stories for national magazines and 
 more than twenty romantic novels, many of 
 them serialized in magazines or newspapers. 
 Her novels include Inconstant Star, New 
 York, 1940. WW AW 1 
 
 HUMPHRIES, JACK. Pseud. See Jonathan F. 
 Kelley. 
 
 HUNDLEY, WILL M. (c. 1860- ? ), was born 
 in Indiana near the Mississenewa Reserva- 
 tion, where his father was a teacher for 
 some time. In 1877 he moved to Newtown, 
 Hamilton County. He wrote an account of 
 his experiences among the Indians: Squaw- 
 town; My Boyhood among the Last Miami 
 Indians, Caldwell. Idaho. 1939. 
 
 HUNSINGER, CLARENCE S. (May 1, 1892- 
 ), was born in Flat Rock. Seneca 
 County, the town in which he still lives. He 
 founded the Rural-Urban Co-ordination 
 Council, which attracted national attention, 
 has supervised or advised community 
 projects in many towns, and has lectured and 
 published magazine articles. He has pub- 
 lished two books on the subject of his major 
 interest, e.g., Accomplishing Rural Com- 
 munity Work, [Flat Rock, 1938]. 
 
 HUNT, EDWARD THOMAS EYRE (Aug. 
 1, 1885-March 5, 1953). born in Bellwood, 
 Neb., lived on a farm near Springfield for 
 several years before his death. After serving 
 with the American Red Cross in Europe 
 
 during World War I, he was a member of 
 numerous governmental commissions and 
 boards and was chief of the State Depart- 
 ment Division of Protective Services from 
 1947 until his death. He published books on 
 war relief, social and economic questions, 
 and a panoramic historical novel: Great- 
 house, New York. [1937]. WWW 3 
 
 HUNT, GEORGE DILLWYN (March 13. 
 1819-Dec. 22, 1908). educator, was born in 
 Brownsville, Pa. In 1830 his parents moved 
 to a farm near Salem. Columbiana County, 
 and he lived in and around Salem for the 
 rest of his life. After attending Western 
 Reserve College, he taught school and is said 
 to have boasted that he taught sixty terms of 
 school, but no two in the same place. One 
 of his last public acts was to offer a silver 
 tea set to the lady of his church (Baptist) 
 who wrote the best essay on the subject 
 "How to Prepare Sunday Dinner without 
 Breaking the Sabbath.*' The prize was won 
 by the pastor's wife. George D. Hunt died 
 one week after moving to the home of a 
 nephew in Elkrun Township, Columbiana 
 County. The Preface of his novel Albert 
 Merton states that incidents in the story 
 have their "counterparts in western Penn- 
 sylvania and Ohio." This is borne out by 
 the opinion of a local resident that Auntie 
 Watson in the book was a local Salem 
 woman known for her industry and skill. 
 According to Hunt, she "could lay out a 
 corpse or get up a wedding dinner" with 
 equal dispatch. 
 
 Marion and Ella Thea Cox 
 Modern Pedagogy; A Poem, Salem, 1878. 
 Albert Merton, the Farm Hand .... Salem, 
 
 1893. 
 History of Salem and the Immediate Vicinity 
 
 . . . , Salem. 1898. 
 The Pioneers of Columbiana County . . . , 
 
 [n.p.], 1902. 
 Sophia Sidwell, an Heiress . . . , Salem, 
 
 1904. 
 
 HUNT, GEORGE MADDEN (Feb. 19, 1843- 
 March 8, 1919), educator, was born near 
 Wilmington. Clinton County. In 1861 he 
 began teaching in the schools of Preble and 
 Butler Counties, and in 1864 he moved to 
 Iowa. He returned to Ohio to live for two 
 brief periods, but the rest of his life was 
 spent in the West. In 1884 he took his fam- 
 ily from Sterling, Kan., to the Texas Pan- 
 handle. He died in Lubbock, Texas. A 
 collection of his writings and some selec- 
 tions from other authors was published 
 posthumously: Early Days upon the Plains 
 of Texas. Together with Poems, Prose and 
 Selections, Lubbock, Texas, [1920]. 
 
Hunt, H. 
 
 330 
 
 HUNT, HARRISON. Pseud. See W. Tod- 
 hunter Ballard. 
 
 HUNT, HARRISON RANDALL (March 7, 
 
 1889- ), educator, was born in Con- 
 neaut, Ashtabula County. A graduate of 
 Allegheny College in 1912 and Harvard 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1916, he taught 
 zoology at the University of Mississippi, 
 1918-23, and Michigan State University. 
 1923-54. He has published articles and 
 books on zoology and genetics, e.g., Some 
 Biological Aspects of War, New York, 
 [1930]. AMS 10 
 
 HUNT, JEDEDIAH (Dec. 28, 1815-May 9, 
 1860), was born in Candor, N. Y. He came 
 to Ohio around 1840 and was a merchant in 
 Chilo, Clermont County. He contributed to 
 Graham's and other magazines. 
 The Cottage Maid: A Tale in Rhyme, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1847. 
 An Adventure on a Frozen Lake: A Tale 
 of the Canadian Rebellion of 1837-38, 
 Cincinnati, 1853. 
 
 HUNT, SAMUEL FURMAN (Oct. 22, 1844- 
 Jan. 12, 1907), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in Springdale, Hamilton County. He grad- 
 uated from Miami University in 1864 and 
 Cincinnati Law School in 1867, was judge 
 advocate general of Ohio in 1871, and 
 served on the bench of the superior court, 
 Cincinnati, 1878-90. Several of his speeches 
 were published during his lifetime, and 
 after his death his family published Orations 
 and Historical Addresses . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1908. WWW 1 
 
 HUNT, VIRGINIA LLOYD (March 27, 
 1888- ), widow of Edward T. E. Hunt 
 (q.v.), was born in Bayonne, N. J., and 
 graduated from Columbia University. She 
 has lived in Ohio for more than twenty 
 years and now lives in the Simon Kenton 
 house, Clark County, which she has restored. 
 She has written How to Live in the Tropics, 
 New York, [1942]. 
 
 HUNT, WILLIAM ELLIS (Feb. 24, 1833- 
 July 14, 1919), clergyman, was born in 
 Pedricktown, N. J. After graduating from 
 Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., and 
 Western Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh, 
 he came to Coshocton as a Presbyterian 
 minister in 1856. He spent the remainder of 
 his life in that community. 
 Historical Collections of Coshocton County 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1876. 
 
 HUNTER, CORA WORK (Jan. 26, 1880- 
 Jan. 14, 1951), was born in Hillsboro, 
 
 Highland County. She attended Hillsboro 
 schools, University of Wooster, and the 
 University of Chicago. She taught English 
 and German in Hillsboro for a time, and in 
 
 1907 she married Rutherford H. Hunter, a 
 physicist, who taught at Cornell College, 
 Iowa. 1907-11, and Wooster, 1911-18. She 
 died in Pittsburgh, Pa. Mrs. Hunter pub- 
 lished poems in many journals and for three 
 years conducted a poetry column in the 
 Wooster Daily Record. She also published 
 a child's story in verse: The Little Strawman, 
 Chicago, [1914]. 
 
 HUNTER, DARD (Nov. 29, 1883- ), was 
 born in Steubenville, Jefferson County, 
 where his father, William Henry Hunter 
 (q.v.), was part-owner and editor of the 
 Gazette. The elder Hunter moved to Chilli- 
 cothe in 1900 to take charge of the Daily 
 News Advertiser, with which members of 
 the Hunter family were to be associated for 
 many years. Dard Hunter studied at Ohio 
 State University and is a graduate of 
 Graphische Lehr und Versuchs-Anstalt. He 
 also studied at Kunstgewerbe Schule in 
 Vienna and at Royal Technical College in 
 London. He married Helen Edith Cornell in 
 
 1908 while he was art director at Elbert 
 Hubbard's Roycroft Shops in East Aurora, 
 N. Y. Mrs. Hunter died March 2, 1951. In 
 1913 he settled with his family on a farm in 
 New York State. In 1919 he returned to 
 Chillicothe to live and ply his various book- 
 ish arts, which are the most diverse in the 
 history of publishing. He has the distinction 
 of being the first man in history to make a 
 modern book in its entirety by his own 
 efforts. His contributions to the art and 
 science of papermaking are inestimable. 
 For many years he has been connected with 
 the world's greatest museum of paper, which 
 bears his name. The Dard Hunter Paper 
 Museum is housed in the two-million-dollar 
 Charles Hayden Memorial Library, facing 
 Memorial Drive at Massachusetts Institute 
 of Technology in Cambridge. He disclaims 
 any literary ability, but one has only to 
 peruse his autobiography, Before Life Began 
 1883-1923, the story of the first forty years 
 of his life, published in 1941 by the Rowfant 
 Club of Cleveland, to discount his own mod- 
 est estimate of his literary qualifications. 
 Probably the two earliest works from his 
 pen were articles entitled, "The Lost Art of 
 Making Books" and "Ancient Papermaking" 
 published by Alfred Fowler in The Miscel- 
 lany, Kansas City, 1915. Students and 
 bibliophiles the world around have perused 
 and admired the magnificent handmade 
 books of this master craftsman of Chilli- 
 cothe. He made the type from which his 
 
331 
 
 Hunter, R. 
 
 books are printed by the same process used 
 by the early type founders, cutting the 
 punches by hand, striking them into bars of 
 copper, which formed the matrices, and then 
 casting these matrices by use of the hand 
 mold. The first font of type has been pre- 
 sented to the Smithsonian Institution along 
 with other devices and equipment used in 
 the making of his first books. Each of his 
 ten handmade masterpieces, eight from the 
 Mountain House Press on the subject of 
 papermaking and two (of which he is not 
 the author) from his press at Marlborough- 
 on-the-Hudson on the subject of etching, is 
 the undying symbol of the ideal which has 
 nurtured Hunter throughout his career. Over 
 more than three decades he has produced 
 but eight of his own completely handmade 
 books, bearing witness to the diligence and 
 animation with which he goes about his 
 work and the wisdom he reveals in keeping 
 them constantly in demand by publishing 
 them only in extremely limited editions. 
 There is a physical scarcity of samples of 
 ancient papers and other specimens with 
 which his books are profusely adorned, 
 making them indispensable to students of 
 papermaking and attractive to museums and 
 collectors of rare books. Many times these 
 rare volumes have been referred to as 
 museum pieces, but they are contributions to 
 art and literature. Hunter once owned and 
 operated paper mills at Marlborough-on-the- 
 Hudson and at Limerock, Conn.; and all of 
 his Mountain House books as well as Before 
 Life Began have been printed on handmade 
 paper. Very few bookmen are aware that 
 Dard Hunter was once Art Director at the 
 Roycroft Shops in East Aurora, N. Y., 
 where he was somewhat of a mystery to his 
 fellow workers, according to Felix Shay in 
 his Elbert Hubbard of East Aurora. Here 
 Hunter actually started his career in the 
 bookmaking arts, no doubt learning a great 
 deal about them through trial and error. He 
 designed many books for the Roycrofters 
 from 1903 to 1910, and collectors who can- 
 not afford the more expensive handmade 
 books may buy for a song in secondhand 
 bookshops specimens of Dard Hunter's early 
 handiwork, immature though it may be. He 
 has stated many times that he would like 
 everyone to forget his Roycroft activities, 
 but many of them are not such bad book- 
 designing jobs for a neophyte art direc- 
 tor. He has almost a complete collection of 
 them, and my guess is that he would not 
 part with them at any price. He also de- 
 signed many bookplates, title pages, and 
 head and tail pieces as a Roycroft catalog 
 dated "1905 & 6" designed almost entirely 
 by Hunter will attest. Some who know the 
 
 work of his East Aurora days claim that the 
 first book he designed for Hubbard was Rip 
 Van Winkle, published in 1905, but he also 
 designed The Man of Sorrows by Elbert 
 Hubbard, which was published as early as 
 1904. To get a genuine perspective on the 
 literary and scientific work to which Dard 
 Hunter has devoted his entire career and 
 has driven himself almost to total blindness, 
 one need only examine a few of the eight 
 impressive handmade Mountain House 
 books, paragons of the art of bookmaking. 
 Luckily for those who appreciate the 
 epitome of the arts and crafts of bookmak- 
 ing. let it be known that his Papermaking by 
 Hand in America (1950) is printed from a 
 font of type cut as cast by hand by his son, 
 Dard, Jr., who will in days to come carry 
 on for the edification of posterity the work 
 of his illustrious father. 
 
 Lloyd E. Siberell 
 
 HUNTER, GEORGE (Dec. 20, 1835- ? ), was 
 born in Clermont County. In the spring of 
 1852 he accompanied his family across the 
 plains to Oregon. He saw a great deal of 
 service in the Klickatat and Yakima Coun- 
 try, took part in the Battle of Walla Walla 
 in 1855. served with General Howard in the 
 Nez Perces war, and provided an authentic 
 account of his adventurous career in his 
 autobiography. 
 
 Reminiscences of an Old Timer. A Recital 
 of Actual Events, Incidents, Trials . . . of 
 a Pioneer, Hunter, Miner and Scout of 
 the Pacific Northwest . . . , San Fran- 
 cisco, 1887. 
 
 HUNTER, JANE EDNA (Dec. 13, 1882- 
 ), was born in Pendleton, S. C, the 
 daughter of a tenant farmer and former 
 slave. She worked in a Charleston hospital, 
 attended Hampton Institute, and became a 
 trained nurse. The large migration of 
 Negroes to northern cities between 1910 and 
 1920 induced her to settle in Cleveland, 
 where she founded the Phyllis Wheatley 
 Association, a training school and refuge for 
 Negro girls. The story of her endeavors to 
 assist members of her race is found in A 
 Nickel and a Prayer, [Nashville, Tenn., 
 1940]. 
 
 HUNTER, ROBBINS (Sept. 23, 1880-May 
 3, 1954), lawyer, was born in Newark, 
 Licking County. After graduating from 
 Denison University and Ohio State Uni- 
 versity, he began law practice in Newark 
 with his father, Samuel M. Hunter. He was 
 probate judge of Licking County, 1910-21. 
 He wrote a book of recollections, centered 
 largely around his father: The Judge Rode 
 a Sorrel Horse, New York, 1950. 
 
Hunter, W. H. 
 
 332 
 
 HUNTER, WILLIAM HENRY (May, 1852- 
 June, 1906), journalist, father of Dard 
 Hunter (q.v.), was born in Cadiz, Harrison 
 County. He edited the Cadiz Sentinel, 
 1874-75, the Steubenville Gazette, 1875- 
 1900, and the Chillicothe News-Advertiser, 
 1900-06. Interested in state and local his- 
 tory, he wrote several articles in addition to 
 the titles below. 
 
 Scotch Achievement, Steubenville, 1895. 
 Scotch-Irish Influence on American Jour- 
 nalism, Nashville, Tenn., 1896. 
 The Pathfinders of Jefferson County . . . , 
 2 vols., Columbus, 1898-99. 
 
 HUNTINGTON, WEBSTER PERIT (Feb. 
 20, 1865-Feb. 12, 1946), journalist, was 
 born in Columbus, Franklin County, son of 
 Peletiah W. Huntington, founder of Hunt- 
 ington National Bank. From 1880 to 1891 
 he lived in Keene, N. H., where he edited 
 the Cheshire Republican and the Evening 
 Tribune. After a year in Washington, D. C, 
 as a news correspondent, he returned to 
 Columbus, where he held editorial positions 
 on the Evening Dispatch, the Post, and the 
 Press Post. 
 
 The Three Spirits and Other Poems, Colum- 
 bus, 1891. 
 The Signor, New York, [1898]. 
 A Verse Book, Columbus, 1904. 
 The Perry Victory Memorial . . . , Akron, 
 1917. 
 
 HUNTLEY, FLORENCE CHANCE (1860- 
 Feb. 1, 1912), was born in Alliance, Stark 
 County. She wrote for various newspapers in 
 Minneapolis, St. Paul, Washington, D. C, 
 and Iowa City, and edited several texts on 
 spiritualism, psychology, and religion. 
 The Dream Child, Boston, 1895. 
 Harmonics of Evolution . . . , Chicago, 
 
 [1897]. 
 The Gay Gnani of Gingalee . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1908. 
 
 HURST, FANNIE (Oct. 18, 1889- ), was 
 born in Hamilton, Butler County, in the 
 home of her grandparents. Her parents were 
 residents of St. Louis, Mo., but her mother 
 wanted her child to be born in her own 
 childhood home. Taken back to St. Louis a 
 few weeks after her birth, Fannie Hurst is 
 a native Ohioan but has not been a resident 
 of the state. She graduated from Washing- 
 ton University, St. Louis, in 1909 and the 
 following year did graduate work at Colum- 
 bia University. One of America's most 
 popular writers of fiction, she first found 
 success in the short story. Her first novel, 
 Star Dust, appeared in 1921 when she was 
 established as a contributor to national 
 
 magazines. Although she is an Ohioan only 
 in the most tenuous sense, some of her fic- 
 tion has an Ohio setting, e.g., Back Street, 
 New York, 1931. ANT 
 
 HURST, SAMUEL H. (Sept. 22, 1831-July 
 28, 1908), was born in Union Township, 
 Ross County. After teaching school for 
 several terms, he attended Ohio Wesleyan 
 University, where he graduated in 1854. He 
 then taught school in Jackson while reading 
 law and was admitted to the bar in 1858. 
 He enlisted in the 73rd O.V.I., rose to the 
 rank of colonel, and commanded the regi- 
 ment during Sherman's march through 
 Georgia. After the war he operated a fruit 
 farm in Ross County, seved as internal 
 revenue collector, 1869-75, and held a vari- 
 ety of other posts in Chillicothe. 
 Journal-History of the Seventy-third Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry, Chillicothe, 1866. 
 
 HUSCHART, FRANK M. (July 24, 1855- 
 Feb. 3, 1938), businessman, was born in 
 Lawrenceburg, Ind. In 1870 he came to Cin- 
 cinnati. Beginning as an office boy for a 
 packing company, he rose to general man- 
 ager; in 1885 he joined a machinery com- 
 pany in Chicago as a partner. After his 
 retirement in 1905 he lived in Cincinnati, 
 where he was active in charitable and civic 
 endeavors. He wrote an account of a round- 
 the-world trip: Doing Over . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1907. 
 
 HUSTON, PAUL GRISWOLD (June 22, 
 1873-April 19, 1960), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. After attending 
 Princeton University, he served for a time 
 in the U. S. Bureau of Forestry and also 
 taught in several schools, the last of which 
 was Bolles School, Jacksonville, Fla. He 
 retired in 1952. He died in Bay Pines, Fla. 
 He wrote a book about his boyhood home: 
 Around an Old Homestead; A Book of 
 Memories, Cincinnati, [1906]. 
 
 HUTCHINGS, CHESLEY MARTIN (Jan. 2, 
 1890- ), educator, born in Durham, 
 N. C, has been a member of the romance 
 languages faculty, University of Cincinnati, 
 since 1926. He has published a volume of 
 poems: Mezzotints, New York, 1936, under 
 the pen name Martin Chesley. His wife, 
 Sabra Palmer Hutchings (May 17, 1890- 
 July 6, 1949) and her brother, Jude Palmer, 
 collaborated with him in writing Oroondale, 
 Montpelier, Vt., 1944. DAS 3 
 
 HUTCHINGS, SABRA PALMER. See Chesley 
 M. Hutchings. 
 
 
333 
 
 Idelsohn 
 
 HUTCHINS, FRANK WADE (March 20, 
 
 1858-Feb. 3, 1951), was born in Youngs- 
 town, Mahoning County. He attended Hiram 
 College, studied law in his father's office, 
 and practiced for a time in Ohio. His wife, 
 Louise Cortelle Jones Hutchins (March 9, 
 1868-Nov. 22, 1950), was born in Kinsman, 
 Trumbull County, and was educated at Lake 
 Erie College. They lived in Chicago, Phila- 
 delphia, and Washington, D. C; both died 
 in Angola, Ind. They collaborated in writing 
 a syndicated newspaper feature, magazine 
 articles, and books, e.g., Houseboating on a 
 Colonial Waterway, Boston, 1910, and 
 Thomas Jefferson, New York, 1946. 
 
 HUTCHINS, LOUISE CORTELLE JONES. 
 
 See Frank W. Hutchins. 
 
 HUTCHINS, WILLIAM JAMES (July 5, 
 1871-Feb. 20, 1958), Presbyterian clergy- 
 man and educator, father of Robert M. 
 Hutchins, attended Oberlin Seminary, 1893— 
 95, and was on the faculty of Oberlin 
 Graduate School of Theology, 1907-20. His 
 writings include The Religious Experience of 
 Israel, New York, 1919. 
 
 HUTCHINSON, FRANK HUBBARD (Dec. 
 28, 1894-Dec. 25, 1934), composer and 
 author, was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. He attended North High School, 
 and graduated from Williams College in 
 1917. After service in the artillery during 
 World War I, he served for a time as music 
 critic of the Columbus Dispatch. He studied 
 at the Cleveland Institute of Music and 
 later lived in Europe for several years. He 
 was on the staff of the New York Times 
 from 1931 until his death. Besides two 
 travel books, he published a novel: Chant- 
 ing Wheels, New York, 1922. 
 
 HUTCHINSON, VERONICA S. (Jan. 13, 
 1895-Sept. 5, 1961), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County, and spent her life there. 
 After taking library training at Carnegie 
 Library School, she was children's librarian 
 
 at Cleveland Public Library and for more 
 than 25 years she was in charge of Halle's 
 bookshop. She edited some anthologies for 
 children and also published children's books, 
 e.g., The Circus Comes to Town, New York, 
 [1932]. 
 
 HUTCHISON, HAZEL COLLISTER, edu- 
 cator, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She graduated from Western Re- 
 serve University and studied at the Sorbonne 
 and now teaches in the Cleveland schools. 
 She has published poetry in various national 
 magazines and has brought out a collection, 
 Toward Daybreak, New York, [1950]. 
 
 HYDE, SOLON (Nov. 12, 1838-Feb. 13, 
 1920), was born in Rushville, Fairfield 
 County. Serving as a hospital steward during 
 the Civil War, he was captured at Chicka- 
 mauga on Sept. 20, 1863, and was im- 
 prisoned nearly eighteen months in several 
 Confederate prisons. His temperately written 
 book abounds in thrilling descriptions of 
 his experiences. His death occurred in Los 
 Angeles. 
 A Captive of War, New York, 1900. 
 
 HYSLOP, JAMES HERVEY (Aug. 18, 1854- 
 June 17, 1920). educator, was born on a 
 farm near Xenia, Greene County. He grad- 
 uated from University of Wooster in 1877, 
 taught in county schools and in McCorkle 
 College, Sago. He studied in Germany in 
 1884 and earned his doctorate from Johns 
 Hopkins University in 1887. He taught at 
 Lake Forest University. Smith College, 
 Bucknell University, and Columbia Uni- 
 versity. In 1902 he retired from teaching 
 because of tuberculosis. He published sev- 
 eral textbooks in logic, ethics, and psychol- 
 ogy during the 1890s. After his retirement 
 he became increasingly interested in 
 spiritualism and published several books on 
 psychic phenomena, e.g.. Borderland of 
 Psychical Research. Boston. 1906. He also 
 published Poems, Original and Translations, 
 Boston, 1915. DAB 9 
 
 I 
 
 IDELSOHN, ABRAHAM ZEBI (July 14, 
 1882-July 14, 1938), musician, was born 
 in Phoelixburg, Latvia, where he studied 
 music and served as a cantor. After spend- 
 ing seventeen years in Jerusalem studying 
 Jewish music, he came to the United States 
 
 in 1922. He lectured at Hebrew Union Col- 
 lege, 1924-33, suffered a paralytic stroke 
 in 1933, and left Cincinnati in 1935. He 
 died in Johannesburg, South Africa, where 
 he spent the last ten months of his life. 
 Internationally recognized as an authority 
 
Ignio 
 
 334 
 
 on Jewish music, he wrote and edited 
 musicological works and also wrote The 
 Ceremonies of Judaism, Cincinnati, 1929. 
 
 IGNIO. Pseud. See Henry Hooper. 
 
 IMHOFF, ALEXANDER JESSE (July 8, 
 1823-Aug. 10, 1901), clergyman, was born 
 in Westmoreland County, Pa. He graduated 
 from Wittenberg College in 1851 and the 
 Seminary in 1852 and was ordained to the 
 Lutheran ministry in 1853. He served pas- 
 torates in several Ohio communities; his 
 longest service was at Urbana, 1867-73, 
 1876-89. He died at Findlay. 
 The Life of Reverend Morris Officer, A.M., 
 Dayton, 1876. 
 
 INGALLS, FAY (July 12, 1882- ), lawyer, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He graduated from Harvard College in 
 1904 and the Law School in 1907. After 
 practicing law, 1907-22, he became presi- 
 dent of Virginia Hot Springs Association. 
 He has made his home in Hot Springs and 
 has written a book about the community: 
 The Valley Road, Cleveland, [1949]. WW 
 30 
 
 INGHAM, MARY RIGELOW (March 10, 
 1832-1924), was born in Mansfield, Rich- 
 land County. After attending Norwalk 
 Seminary and Baldwin Institute, she be- 
 came a teacher in Cleveland at the age of 
 eighteen. She also taught for a time at 
 Ohio Wesleyan University before marrying 
 Rev. William A. Ingham in 1866. They 
 settled in Cleveland, where she was very 
 active in the causes of women's suffrage 
 and temperance. She wrote articles and travel 
 letters for the Cleveland Leader and other 
 periodicals. She was also active in Cleve- 
 land civic affairs and in missionary activi- 
 ties of the Methodist Church. Her last years 
 were spent in Los Angeles. 
 First Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleve- 
 land . . . , (with L. D. Mix), Cleveland, 
 1884. 
 Women of Cleveland and Their Work, 
 Cleveland, 1893. 
 
 INK, EVANGELINE (Dec. 19, 1883-Oct. 19, 
 
 1923), was born in Republic, Seneca 
 County. She died in Tiffin. She published a 
 number of short stories for children. Also, 
 under her first name, Evangeline, she pub- 
 lished a book on the dangers of tubercu- 
 losis and on the folly of compelling patients 
 to go to sanitariums: The New Acadians, 
 Chicago, 1904. 
 
 INSKIP, JOHN SWANEL (Aug. 10, 1816- 
 March 7, 1884), clergyman, born in Eng- 
 land, brought to America in 1821, was con- 
 verted to Methodism when he was sixteen 
 years old. In 1845 he was transferred from 
 Philadelphia to Ninth Street Church, Cin- 
 cinnati. He also served churches in Dayton. 
 Urbana, Springfield, and Troy. He opposed 
 the separation of men and women within 
 the church, and for his liberalism he was 
 rebuked by the Ohio Conference. He wrote 
 an able defense, Methodism Explained and 
 Defended, Cincinnati, 1851. The General 
 Conference reversed the Ohio decision in 
 1852, and he was transferred to New York. 
 His last years were devoted largely to 
 evangelism. 
 
 IRELAND, THOMAS SAXTON (Dec. 16, 
 1895- ), lawyer, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Princeton University in 1918 and Boston 
 University Law School in 1923. He has 
 practiced in New York City and Cleveland 
 and has served as a news commentator on 
 Cleveland and Akron radio stations. He has 
 written several books on current issues, 
 e.g., The Great Lakes — St. Lawrence Deep 
 Waterway to the Sea, New York, [1934]. 
 WW 30 ' 
 
 IRWIN, DEMARIS (1851-1933), was born 
 in Deersville, Harrison County. She died 
 in the same community. Though blind, she 
 wrote a number of poems, some of which 
 were published in the collection listed 
 below. 
 
 Flowers of the Wildwood . . . , Uhrichs- 
 ville, 1875. 
 
 IRWIN, WILLIAM H. H. (1841-1879), law- 
 yer, born in Greenfield, Highland County, 
 collaborated with Samuel D. Crothers 
 (q.v. ) in writing a pamphlet history of 
 Greenfield. 
 
 Centennial Historical Sketches of Green- 
 field, Ohio, and Vicinity, (with S. D. 
 Crothers), Greenfield, 1876. 
 
 ISAACS, NATHAN (July 10. 1886-Dec. 18, 
 1941), lawyer and educator, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He gradu- 
 ated from the University of Cincinnati in 
 1907 and the law school in 1910. After 
 being admitted to the Ohio bar in 1910, he 
 served on the law faculties of Harvard Uni- 
 versity, University of Pittsburgh, Columbia 
 University, University of Rochester, and 
 Yale University. He served as editor of a 
 number of important reference books. His 
 writings include The Law in Business Prob- 
 lems, New York, 1921. WWW 1 
 
335 
 
 Jacobs, F. B. 
 
 ISHAM, ASA BRAINERD (July 12, 1844- 
 Feb. 20, 1912), physician and educator, 
 was born in Jackson County. He attended 
 Marietta College, 1857-59. He worked on 
 Michigan newspapers, served in the 7th 
 Michigan Cavalry, and was wounded and 
 captured in the spring of 1864. He gradu- 
 ated from the Medical College of Ohio in 
 1869. He taught at the Cincinnati College 
 of Medicine and Surgery, 1876-80. Though 
 his writings on the Civil War are not un- 
 important, he will long be remembered in 
 medical circles as the editor of the classic 
 Sphygmography and Cardiography by his 
 father-in-law, Alonzo T. Keyt (q.v.). His 
 manuscript autobiography was revised and 
 published in 1957 by his grandson, Dr. A. 
 Chapman Isham. 
 Through the Wilderness to Richmond . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1884. 
 Care of Prisoners of War, North and South 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1887. 
 Prisoners of War and Military Prisons . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1890. 
 An Historical Sketch of the Seventh Regi- 
 ment Michigan Volunteer Cavalry . . . , 
 New York, [1893]. 
 
 ISHAM, MARY KEYT (Aug. 20, 1871-Sept. 
 28, 1947), neurologist, daughter of Asa B. 
 Isham (q.v.), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 
 ton County. She graduated from Wellesley 
 College in 1894 and Laura Memorial Medi- 
 cal College in 1903. She practiced in Cin- 
 cinnati, 1904-09, and Columbus, 1909-15, 
 before moving to New York City. She pub- 
 lished technical articles in medical journals, 
 articles on psychology in the New York 
 Times, and Cosmos Unlimited, New York, 
 1928. WWW 2 
 
 ISLER, ARNOLD HENRY (1849-Feb. 23, 
 1894), was born in Switzerland but was 
 brought to the United States when he was 
 five. Though only twelve years old when 
 the Civil War began, he enlisted in the 
 23rd O.V.I, and served as a private from 
 June, 1861, to Oct., 1862. In the 1870s he 
 dealt in real estate and insurance in Colum- 
 bus. He died in Cincinnati. 
 Wild Thoughts in Rhyme, Columbus, 1873. 
 
 ISRAEL, EDWARD L. (Aug. 30, 1896-Oct. 
 19, 1941), rabbi, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County, and graduated from the 
 University of Cincinnati in 1917 and 
 Hebrew Union College in 1919. He served 
 congregations in Illinois, Indiana, and 
 Maryland, and was active in many organi- 
 zations. A number of his radio broadcasts 
 were reprinted in The Message of Israel 
 Broadcasts, Baltimore, 1939. WWW 1 
 
 J 
 
 JACKSON, EVA E. (Aug. 17, 1858-Dec. 27, 
 1956), was born in Eaton Township, Lorain 
 County. She married Charles H. Jackson 
 of Cleveland; she died in that city at the 
 age of 98. She wrote a book for young 
 readers: Stories for the Twilight . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1912. 
 
 JACKSON, JESSE J., was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. He graduated from Co- 
 lumbus East High School, attended Ohio 
 State University, and worked as a postal 
 clerk and as a probation officer in Colum- 
 bus. He left Columbus in 1945 and now 
 lives in New York City. He has written at 
 least three novels centered on racial con- 
 flict, e.g., Anchor Man, New York, [1947]. 
 
 JACKSON, THOMAS WRIGHT (Aug. 21, 
 1869-April 25, 1925), physician, was born 
 in Akron, Summit County. He attended 
 Akron public schools and graduated from 
 Jefferson Medical College in 1892. He prac- 
 
 ticed in Akron and Philadelphia, was an 
 army surgeon during the Spanish-American 
 War, and served in the Bureau of Health, 
 Philippine Islands. He died in Lake City, 
 Fla. He wrote a book on tropical medicine 
 and Plague; Its Cause and the Manner of 
 Its Extension . . . , [Philadelphia, 1916]. 
 WW 8 
 
 JACOBS, ANNE MARGUERITE (1889- 
 ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. For more than forty years she was 
 employed on the technical data staff of 
 Wright Field. Now Mrs. Anne J. Heron, 
 she lives in Dayton. She wrote a book on 
 aeronautics: Knights of the Wing, New 
 York, [1928]. 
 
 JACOBS, FREDERICK BURKHAM (Jan. 5, 
 1880-Jan. 20, 1942), was born in South 
 Hingham, Mass. After attending school in 
 Quincy, Mass., he became a machinist and 
 toolmaker. He joined the staff of Penton 
 
Jaggar, T. A. 
 
 336 
 
 Publishing Co., Cleveland, in 1917 and 
 was editor of Abrasive Industry, 1920-32. 
 He published short stories, technical ar- 
 ticles, and Industrial Turmoil, a Story of 
 New England, Kansas City, Mo., [1927]. 
 
 JAGGAR, THOMAS AUGUSTUS June 2, 
 1839-Dec. 13, 1912), clergyman, was born 
 in New York City. He was educated in 
 city schools and by private tutors. Ordained 
 to the Episcopal priesthood in 1863, he 
 served as rector of various churches, 1863- 
 1875. He served as bishop of southern Ohio, 
 1875-1905. He died in Cannes, France. Be- 
 sides the title below, a number of his ser- 
 mons and pastoral letters were published. 
 
 Personality of Truth, New York, 1900. 
 
 JAGGAR, THOMAS AUGUSTUS, JR. (Jan. 
 
 24, 1871-Jan. 17, 1953), geologist, son of 
 Bishop Thomas A. Jaggar (q.v.), was born 
 in Philadelphia, Pa. He grew up in Cin- 
 cinnati, where his father moved in 1875. 
 He graduated from Harvard University 
 (A.B., 1893; Ph.D., 1897), taught at Har- 
 vard and Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
 nology, and was a geologist with the U. S. 
 Geological Survey. He died in Honolulu, 
 Hawaii. Besides technical books, he pub- 
 lished a volume of essays and lectures: 
 Union through the Ages, [Honolulu?, 
 1948?]. WWW 3 
 
 JAMES, ALICE ARCHER SEWALL (1870- 
 Sept. 20, 1955), daughter of Frank Sewall 
 (q.v.), was born in Glendale, Hamilton 
 County. She attended Urbana University. 
 She married John H. James, an Urbana 
 attorney, and spent most of her life in that 
 community. Her paintings were exhibited in 
 numerous galleries, and her illustrations 
 and poems appeared in Century, Harper's 
 Monthly, and other national magazines. She 
 died in Columbus, where she had moved a 
 short time before. 
 An Ode to Girlhood and Other Poems, New 
 
 York, 1899. 
 The Ballad of the Prince, New York, 1900. 
 The Torch, a Pageant . . . , [Urbana, 
 
 1922]. 
 The Morning Moon, Philadelphia, [1941]. 
 
 JAMES, FLEMING (Jan. 11, 1874-Sept. 11, 
 1959), theologian, was born in Gambier, 
 Knox County. He graduated from the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1895 and 
 completed his doctorate there in 1899. 
 After graduating from Philadelphia Divin- 
 ity School in 1901, he was ordained deacon 
 in the Episcopal Church and priest the 
 following year. He served churches in vari- 
 
 ous cities and taught at Berkeley Divinity 
 School and the University of the South. 
 His death occurred in Hamden, Conn. His 
 writings include Personalities of the Old 
 Testament, New York, 1939. WW 27 
 
 JAMES, FRANCIS BACON (June 10, 1864- 
 May 21, 1924), lawyer, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati. Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Cincinnati Law School in 1886 and 
 was admitted to the bar in the same year. 
 He served on the University of Cincinnati 
 faculty, 1895-1912. He died in Washington, 
 D. C, where he had practiced for several 
 years. He published several legal works and 
 Advertising, and Other Addresses, Cincin- 
 nati. 1907. WWW 1 
 
 JAMES, FRANKLIN. Pseud. See Robert F. 
 Godley. 
 
 JAMES, HERMAN GERLACH (Jan. 2, 1887- 
 ), educator, was born in Philadelphia. 
 Pa. He served as president of Ohio Univer- 
 sity, 1935—43. Besides numerous textbooks 
 in government, he has published studies of 
 South America, e.g., Brazil after a Century 
 of Independence, New York, 1925. WW 30 
 
 JAMES, JOHN HOUGH (1800-1881), law- 
 yer, banker, and railroad builder, born in 
 Virginia, was brought to Cincinnati in 1813. 
 After graduating from Cincinnati College 
 in 1821, he was admitted to the bar. In 
 1826 he settled in Urbana, where he spent 
 the remainder of his life. He was a founder 
 of Urbana University, president of the 
 Urbana Bank, and the town's most dis- 
 tinguished citizen. He wrote articles for 
 magazines and newspapers, but, although 
 he considered a literary career while a 
 young man, the pamphlet below is his only 
 recorded publication. He kept a diary for 
 sixty years, however, which furnished much 
 of the information for a book about his 
 career: Buckeve Titan by William E. and 
 Ophia D. Smith (1953). 
 May Colored Persons Vote in Ohio . . . , 
 Columbus, 1860. 
 
 JAMISON, ALCINOUS BERTON (Sept. 1, 
 1851-Nov. 15, 1938), physician, was born 
 near Wooster, Wayne County. After at- 
 tending the University of Michigan, he 
 graduated from Fort Wayne College of 
 Medicine in 1878. He practiced briefly in 
 Indiana and Michigan and in 1885 went 
 to New York City, where he practiced for 
 53 years. He published several medical 
 books and others, e.g., The Making of a 
 Super-race, New York, 1926. 
 
 
337 
 
 Jeffreys, R. J. 
 
 JANES, GEORGE MILTON (April 18, 1869- 
 Dec. 24, 1936), educator, was born in 
 Utica, N. Y. He graduated from Dartmouth 
 College in 1901 and Johns Hopkins Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1913. He served on the 
 Kenyon College economics faculty, 1925— 
 34, and after his retirement he lived in 
 Oberlin. Besides books on labor unions 
 and economics, he published The Pilgrim 
 Spirit, and Other Essays, Pittsfield, Mass., 
 1904. WWW 1 
 
 JANIS, ELSIE (March 16, 1889-Feb. 28, 
 1956), comedienne, was born Elsie Janis 
 Bierbower in Columbus, Franklin County. 
 Her debut is said to have been made at 
 the age of two when she imitated Anna 
 Held in a church program. When she was 
 five, she played in East Lynne in Colum- 
 bus. She appeared with stock companies in 
 Columbus until she was fourteen, when her 
 mother took her to New York. She starred 
 in vaudeville and in many plays and revues. 
 During World War I she was the first 
 woman entertainer permitted to visit troops 
 in France and acquired the nickname '"Sweet- 
 heart of the A.E.F." Her wartime experi- 
 ences are recounted in The Big Show, New 
 York, 1919. When her mother, who had 
 accompanied her on all of her tours, died 
 in 1930, Miss Janis retired from the stage, 
 although she later made a few movie ap- 
 pearances. Best known as an impersonator 
 and a singer, she composed a number of 
 songs, wrote some fiction and poetry, and 
 published several books of reminiscences, 
 e.g., So Ear, So Good! New York, 1932. 
 WWW 3 
 
 JANNEY, RUSSELL DIXON (April 14, 
 1883- ), theatrical producer, was born 
 in Wilmington, Clinton County, where his 
 father, Reynold Janney, was principal of 
 the high school. The family moved to 
 Chillicothe soon after Russell's birth, and 
 in 1894 they moved to Keene, N. H. As 
 Keene was a stopover for road shows be- 
 tween Montreal and Boston, Janney be- 
 came familiar with the theater. He gradu- 
 ated from Yale University in 1906, wrote 
 several vaudeville acts, and later became 
 a magazine writer and press agent in Lon- 
 don. He was for a time press agent for 
 Theda Bara. He wrote or produced a great 
 variety of dramas, the most famous being 
 The Vagabond King, which he wrote with 
 Rudolph Friml. At the age of 63, he wrote 
 his first novel: The Miracle of the Bells, 
 New York, 1946. The book was a best- 
 seller and was the basis for a successful 
 motion picture. WW 28 
 
 JARNAGIN, DOROTHY GREVE (June 1, 
 1884- ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County, but has spent most of her 
 life in the South, where her parents moved 
 in 1888. She graduated from the Univer- 
 sity of Tennessee in 1905. She was married 
 to Professor Milton P. Jarnagin of the 
 University of Georgia faculty; after his 
 death she married Judge Samuel J. Mc- 
 Allester of Chattanooga, Tenn.. who is also 
 deceased. She is now a resident of Athens, 
 Ga. She has published two books for girls, 
 e.g., Mardee Gray's Choice, Boston, 1923. 
 WWNAA 7 
 
 JASZI, OSCAR (Oszkar) (March 2, 1875- 
 Feb. 13, 1957), educator, born in Hungary, 
 came to the United States in 1925, and 
 from that year until his retirement in 1942 
 was a member of the Oberlin College 
 faculty. After retiring he continued to live 
 in Oberlin. He wrote numerous articles 
 and books on politics and foreign affairs, 
 e.g., The Dissolution of the Hapsburg 
 Monarchy, Chicago, [1929]. WWW 3 
 
 JAYHEWS, THOMAS. Pseud. See Thomas J. 
 Hughes. 
 
 JEFFERSON, CHARLES EDWARD (Aug. 
 29, 1860-Sept. 12, 1937), clergyman, was 
 born in Cambridge, Guernsey County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1882 and was superintendent of schools 
 in Worthington, 1882-84. While studying 
 law in Boston, he decided to become a 
 minister and entered Boston University. 
 Ordained to the Congregational ministry in 
 1887, he preached first in Chelsea, Mass., 
 and afterward in the Broadway Tabernacle 
 Church, New York City, from 1898 until 
 his death. A liberal theologian and an ad- 
 vocate of internationalism and pacifism, he 
 published many books, most of them col- 
 lections of sermons and lectures. They in- 
 clude Christianity and International Peace 
 . . . , New York, [1915], and several books 
 directed to his fellow ministers, e.g., The 
 Minister as Prophet, New York, [1905]. 
 DAB 22 
 
 JEFFREYS, RAYMOND JOHN (Jan. 23, 
 1896- ), lecturer and writer, was born 
 
 in Columbiana, Columbiana County. He 
 entered Mount Union College in 1915, in- 
 terrupted his college course to serve as a 
 flying officer in France, and graduated from 
 Mount Union in 1920. He operated a chain 
 of newspapers in Columbiana County for 
 a time, traveled as a news correspondent, 
 and was in business in Cleveland. He also 
 owned the Jeffreys Lecture Bureau and was 
 
Jeffreys, U. M. G. 
 
 338 
 
 executive secretary of Capitol College of 
 Oratory and Music, Columbus. He now lives 
 in Raleigh, N. C. He has published several 
 books, e.g., God Is My Landlord, Chicago, 
 [1947]. 
 
 JEFFREYS, U. M. GRANT (May 20, 1864- 
 Nov. 6, 1956), was born in Preston County, 
 W. Va., but his parents moved to Seaman, 
 Adams County, when he was a small child, 
 and he grew up in that community. He 
 taught country schools, served in the Span- 
 ish-American War, and was in the real- 
 estate business in Monmouth, 111., where he 
 spent the greater part of his life. He died 
 in Veterans' Hospital, Dayton. He wrote 
 The Story of the Man of the Ages, Boston, 
 [1929]. 
 
 JEFFRIES, JAMES GRAYDON (1901-Aug. 
 4, 1936), was born in Sedalia, Madison 
 County. He died in Brazil, Ind. Though 
 crippled and blind, he wrote poems which 
 were published in periodicals and in sev- 
 eral collections, e.g.. Last Poems, North 
 Montpelier, Vt., 1937. 
 
 JEFFRIES, JOHN PARSONS (July 19, 
 1815-Aug. 13, 1888), lawyer, was born in 
 Huntington County, Pa. He settled in 
 Wooster in 1836, read law, and was ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar in 1842. For 25 
 years before publishing the book listed be- 
 low, he collected materials regarding the 
 early inhabitants of America. 
 The Natural History of the Human Races 
 .... New York, 1869. 
 
 JENKINS, CHARLES FRANCIS (Aug. 22, 
 1867-June 6, 1934), inventor, was born 
 near Dayton, Montgomery County. He 
 graduated from Fountain City, Ind., High 
 School and attended Earlham College. He 
 was granted more than 400 patents on in- 
 ventions in radio, photography, television, 
 and motion pictures. 
 
 Picture Ribbons: An Exposition of the 
 Methods and Apparatus Employed . . . , 
 Washington, D. C, [1897]. 
 Animated Pictures: An Exposition of the 
 Historical Development of Chronophotog- 
 raphy . . . , Washington, D. C, 1898. 
 Motion Pictures in Teaching, Washington, 
 
 D. C, [1916]. 
 Vision by Radio, Radio Photographs, Radio 
 Photograms, [Washington, D. C, 1925]. 
 Radiomovies, Radiovision, Television, [Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1929]. 
 The Boyhood of an Inventor, Washington, 
 D. C, 1931. 
 
 JENKINS, EDWARD L. (Jan. 15, 1866- 
 Dec. 28, 1908), actor, was born in Sharon- 
 
 ville, Hamilton County, but throughout most 
 of his career he considered Dayton his 
 home, and he is buried in that city. After 
 joining a minstrel show at the age of four- 
 teen, he traveled with an Uncle Tom's 
 Cabin troupe and with various stock com- 
 panies. He died in Chicago. He wrote plays 
 that were acted by companies with which 
 he traveled, and he also wrote poems for 
 periodicals, many of which were collected 
 in Home Made Rhymes, Chicago, [1905]. 
 
 JENKINS, HERMON DUTILH (Jan. 14, 
 1842-Oct. 31, 1918), clergyman, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. He gradu- 
 ated from Hamilton College in 1864 and 
 Union Theological Seminary in 1867. Or- 
 dained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1868, 
 he served as a pastor in Illinois, Iowa, 
 and Missouri. He also contributed to nu- 
 merous religious periodicals. His writings 
 include Christ's Boys and Girls, Chicago, 
 1904. 
 
 JENKINS, OLIVER PEEBLES (Nov. 3, 
 1850-Jan. 9, 1935), educator, was born in 
 Bantam, Clermont County. After gradu- 
 ating from Moores Hill College in 1869, 
 he taught in high schools in several states, 
 1870-76, at Moores Hill, 1876-82, at In- 
 diana State Normal School, 1883-86, and 
 at DePauw University, 1886-91. He earned 
 his Ph.D. at Indiana University in 1889 
 and taught at Stanford University, 1891— 
 1916. After retiring he lived in California 
 until his death. Besides textbooks in phys- 
 iology, he wrote books on nature study, 
 e.g., Interesting Neighbors, Philadelphia, 
 [1922]. WWW 1 
 
 JENKINS, TIMOTHY. Pseud. See E. Burke 
 Fisher. 
 
 JENKINSON, ISAAC (April 29, 1825-Oct. 
 25, 1911), lawyer and journalist, was born 
 in Piqua, Miami County. He was admitted to 
 the Indiana bar in 1850 and settled in Fort 
 Wayne to practice. He edited the Fort Wayne 
 Gazette, 1863-69, served as U. S. consul at 
 Glasgow, 1869-74, and edited the Richmond 
 Palladium, 1875-96. A speech on the policy 
 of the peace party was published in 1863; 
 otherwise, his only writing in book form 
 was Aaron Burr, His Personal and Political 
 Relations with Thomas Jefferson and Alex- 
 ander Hamilton, Richmond, Ind., 1902. 
 WWW 1 
 
 JENNEY, MARY PERRY (Dec, 1845-Dec. 
 18, 1928), was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County, but spent most of her life in Cin- 
 cinnati. She was educated at Mount Auburn 
 
339 
 
 Johnson, D. B. 
 
 Seminary, and in 1871 she married Herbert 
 Jenney, an attorney. A collection of stories 
 originally written for her grandchildren was 
 posthumously published: The Little Pioneers, 
 Cincinnati, 1928. 
 
 JENNINGS, ISAAC (Nov. 7, 1789-March 14, 
 1874), physician, was born on a farm near 
 Fairfield, Conn. He studied medicine in 
 Fairfield and at Yale University, where he 
 graduated in 1828. In 1839 he moved to 
 Oberlin, and except for a brief residence in 
 Cleveland in the 1850s he spent the re- 
 mainder of his life in that community. Be- 
 fore leaving Connecticut he had concluded 
 that most medicines were worthless, and he 
 began prescribing harmless pills and drops. 
 His unorthodox view involved him in many 
 controversies and diminished his practice to 
 some extent. He was a trustee of Oberlin 
 College, 1839-55. 
 Defense and Appeal of Isaac Jennings . . . , 
 
 Oberlin, 1847. 
 Medical Reform: A Treatise on Man's Phys- 
 ical Being and Disorders . . . , Oberlin, 
 1847. 
 The Philosophy of Human Life . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1852. 
 The Tree of Life; Or, Human Degeneracy: 
 Its Nature and Remedy, New York, 1867. 
 
 JENNINGS, OTTO EMERY (Oct. 3, 1877- 
 ), biologist, was born in Olena, Huron 
 County. He graduated from Ohio State Uni- 
 versity in 1903, and the University of Pitts- 
 burgh (Ph.D.) in 1911. He was on the staff 
 of Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh. 1904-50, 
 and during most of that period was also on 
 the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh. 
 He wrote many scientific articles, several 
 books on botany, and A Series of Eight Radio 
 Talks on Trees and Flowers of Spring, 
 [Pittsburgh], 1929. WW 30 
 
 JERMAIN, FRANCES DELAVAN PAGE 
 
 (1829-Aug. 21, 1905). librarian, was born in 
 Ann Arbor, Mich., the daughter of a Presby- 
 terian clergyman. She grew up in Michigan 
 and graduated from the state university. 
 After her marriage to Sylvanus P. Jermain, 
 she lived in Chillicothe; upon her husband's 
 death in 1871 she took her six small chil- 
 dren to Toledo. She was appointed reference 
 librarian in 1879 and served as head libra- 
 rian, 1884-1903. She published many articles 
 in the Toledo Blade, and in 1880, wrote a 
 cookbook. A posthumous memorial edition 
 of a work by her was published: In the Path 
 of the Alphabet . . . , Fort Wayne, Ind., 
 1906. 
 
 JEWELL, LOUISE POND (April 17, 1867- 
 Dec. 26, 1943), educator, was born in Ober- 
 
 lin, Lorain County. She graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1890 and taught for a 
 number of years in New York secondary 
 schools. She published articles and short 
 stories in magazines and a novel: The Great 
 Adventure, New York, [1911]. WWW 2 
 
 JEWETT, ISAAC APPLETON (Oct. 17, 
 1808-Jan. 14, 1853), lawyer, was born in 
 Burlington, Vt. After graduating from Har- 
 vard in 1830, he read law. He practiced in 
 Cincinnati and New Orleans. His death 
 occurred in Keene. N. H. In 1833 he wrote 
 a prize essay, published in the Western 
 Monthly Magazine, "Themes for Western 
 Fiction." in which he called for truthful 
 treatment of frontier materials. 
 A Brief History and Defence of the Drama, 
 
 [Cincinnati?, 1832?]. 
 Passages in Foreign Travel, 2 vols., Boston, 
 
 1838. 
 Memorial of Samuel Appleton . . . , Boston, 
 
 1850. 
 
 JEWETT, JOHN BROWN (June 24, 1865- 
 Jan. 24, 1938), was born in Newtown, 
 Hamilton County. A lifelong recluse, he 
 contributed many delightful poems and 
 sketches to Ohio magazines and newspapers. 
 In his Tales of the Miami Country he pre- 
 served entrancing bits of the folklore of the 
 neighborhood in which he was born and 
 spent his entire life: "Fiddler's Green," 
 "Dr. Tetterhorn's Vision," and "McCul- 
 lough*s Station." 
 
 Tales of the Miami Country, Cincinnati, 
 1898. 
 
 JEWETT, SUSAN W. (fl. 1840-71), born in 
 Massachusetts, was the wife of a prominent 
 Cincinnati engraver. Between the years 
 1840 and 1857 she contributed prose and 
 poetry to Cincinnati newspapers and con- 
 ducted a short-lived monthly juvenile maga- 
 zine, the Youth's Visitor. The Corner Cup- 
 board, published anonymously, is a collection 
 of her poems and sketches. 
 The Parent's Gift: Consisting of a Series 
 
 of Poems and Essays . . . , New York, 
 
 1843. 
 The Old Corner Cupboard . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1856. 
 From Fourteen to Fourscore, New York, 
 
 1871. 
 
 JOHNSON, DAVIS BEN (Dec. 30, 1880- 
 Jan. 8, 1952), lawyer, was born near Mata- 
 mora, Fulton County. He attended Fayette 
 Normal School and taught school for about 
 twelve years. After attending Chattanooga 
 Law School, he was admitted to the bar 
 in 1916. He practiced in Wauseon, held 
 
Johnson, E. C. 
 
 340 
 
 many local offices, served as county prose- 
 cuting attorney and in the Ohio Senate. 
 He wrote verse as a pastime and published 
 a collection: Hodge-Podge , [Wauseon, 
 1939]. 
 
 JOHNSON, EDITH CHERRY (1879- ), 
 journalist, was born in New Lexington, 
 Perry County. She grew up in Corning and 
 Columbus, where she attended Miss Phelps' 
 School for Girls and Ohio State University. 
 In 1903 she moved with her family to 
 Oklahoma, and in 1908 she became society 
 editor of the Daily Oklahoman. Her columns 
 were syndicated nationally. She now lives 
 in Oklahoma City. Her writings include 
 Illusions and Disillusions, Touching upon 
 Topics in Everyday Life, Oklahoma City, 
 1920. WW AW 1 
 
 JOHNSON, EDWARD WOODWARD (Oct. 
 27, 1876-June 15, 1954), lawyer, was born 
 in West Jefferson, Madison County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Northern University 
 in 1898 and the law school in 1903. He 
 practiced in London and West Jefferson. He 
 also owned a cotton plantation in Arkansas, 
 which was the locale of his book, The 
 Shack by the River, Boston, [1938]. 
 
 JOHNSON, FRANKLIN (Nov. 2, 1836-Oct. 
 7, 1916), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Franklin, Warren County. He grew up 
 in Oregon, where his parents migrated in 
 1845. After graduating from Colgate Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1861, he was ordained 
 to the Baptist ministry. He served pastorates 
 in several states, and from 1892 until his 
 retirement in 1908 he was on the faculty 
 of the University of Chicago. Besides the 
 titles below, he translated a number of 
 works and published several Sunday school 
 texts. 
 True Womanhood . . . , Cambridge, Mass., 
 
 1882. 
 The New Psychic Studies in Their Relation 
 
 to Christian Thought, New York, 1887. 
 The Quotations of the New Testament from 
 
 the Old ... , Philadelphia, 1896. 
 The Home Missionaries, Chicago, 1899. 
 Have We the Likeness of Christ?, Chicago, 
 
 1902. 
 The Christian's Relation to Evolution . . . , 
 
 Chicago, [1904]. 
 
 JOHNSON, HAMMEL. Pseud. See Mamie L. 
 Hammel and Mabel H. Faison. 
 
 JOHNSON, HOMER URI (May 20, 1830- 
 Nov. 23, 1901), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Braceville, Trumbull County, 
 the son of settlers from Connecticut. He 
 
 became a lecturer and Methodist preacher, 
 but he was best known as principal of acad- 
 emies in western New York, Pennsylvania, 
 and northeastern Ohio. He wrote consider- 
 able poetry and some rather more effective 
 prose. The Great Co-Partnership was pub- 
 lished under the pen name Obed. During 
 the 1880s he undertook a systematic in- 
 vestigation of the Underground Railroad 
 and contributed a number of articles on the 
 subject to Arthur's Home Magazine between 
 1883 and 1889. A projected two-volume 
 collection of short stories on this subject 
 never got beyond the first volume, From 
 Dixie to Canada. 
 Concert Exercises in Geography . . . , 
 
 Cleveland, 1860. 
 Seventeen-Seventy-six, and Other Poems, 
 
 Cleveland, 1877. 
 The Great Co-Partnership, and Other Pa- 
 pers, Cleveland, 1879. 
 From Dixie to Canada; Romances and 
 Realities of the Underground Railroad, 
 Orwell, 1894. 
 Western Reserve Centennial Souvenir, Cleve- 
 land, 1896. 
 
 JOHNSON, JOHN ALEXANDER (Feb. 24, 
 1849-July 22, 1929), was born in Lynch- 
 burg, Va. He graduated from Hughes High 
 School, Cincinnati, 1866. Though continu- 
 ing to conduct a planing mill in Cincinnati, 
 he moved to Covington, Ky., in 1883. He 
 published Three Visions; And Other Poems, 
 Cincinnati, [1912]. 
 
 JOHNSON, SOLOMON (March 2, 1850- 
 Sept. 17, 1918), lawyer and educator, was 
 born in Fulton County. He attended Nor- 
 mal School at Bryan, served as school ex- 
 aminer of Williams County, and graduated 
 from Ann Arbor Law School in 1880. In 
 1910 he made a world tour, which became 
 the subject of his book, Notes on Travels, 
 Including a Trip around the World by 
 Way of Australia, Columbus, 1914. 
 
 JOHNSON, TOM LOFTIN (July 18, 1854- 
 April 10, 1911), mayor of Cleveland, 1901- 
 09, was born in Blue Spring, Ky. His father's 
 service in the Confederate Army forced 
 Tom to go to work at an early age. While 
 employed by the Louisville Street Railroad, 
 controlled by DuPonts, he invented the 
 first fare-box; and from that time on, he 
 rose rapidly with DuPont backing. He was 
 associated with profitable steel mills and 
 traction companies. Converted to the views 
 of Henry George after reading Progress 
 and Poverty, he represented political liber- 
 alism at its best during two terms in Con- 
 gress, 1890-94, and during his mayoralty. 
 
 
341 
 
 Johnston, J. 
 
 He was assisted by Elizabeth J. Hauser of 
 Girard in writing his only book: My Story, 
 New York, 1911. DAB 10 
 
 JOHNSON, WENDELL F. (July 28, 1893- 
 ), social worker, was born in Toledo, 
 Lucas County. He served as executive di- 
 rector of the Child and Family Agency in 
 Toledo, 1925-59. He now lives in Cali- 
 fornia. He has published a number of maga- 
 zine articles and a pamphlet: Toledo's Non- 
 partisan Movement, Toledo, 1922. 
 
 JOHNSON, WILLIAM EUGENE (March, 25, 
 1862-Feb. 2, 1945), temperance advocate, 
 born in Coventry, N. Y., lived in Wester- 
 ville, c. 1914-22. Active in the prohibition 
 movement, he was publicity director of 
 the Anti-Saloon League; and for his ac- 
 tivities in promoting enforcement of the 
 18th Amendment, he was nicknamed in 
 the press "Pussyfoot" Johnson. He wrote 
 many articles, brochures, and books against 
 liquor, e.g., The Federal Government and 
 the Liquor Traffic, Westerville, [1911]. 
 OBB 
 
 JOHNSON, WILLIAM HANNIBAL (March 
 26, 1860-Jan. 4, 1934), educator and jour- 
 nalist, was born in Monroe County. He 
 graduated from Denison University in 1885 
 and was professor of Latin there from 1894 
 to 1919. From 1920 until his death he was 
 chief editorial writer for the Columbus 
 Evening Dispatch. He published a pamphlet, 
 The War and World Opinion, Granville, 
 1916. WWW 1 
 
 JOHNSON, WILLIAM SAVAGE (Aug. 26, 
 1877-Dec. 15, 1942), educator, was born 
 in Portsmouth, Scioto County. Educated at 
 Yale University, he taught English at vari- 
 ous universities, his last position being at 
 the University of Kansas. Besides profes- 
 sional articles, he published Thomas Carlyle; 
 A Study of His Literary Apprenticeship, 
 1814-1831, New Haven, [Conn.], 1911. 
 WWNAA 7 
 
 JOHNSTON, ARTHUR E. (Dec. 25, 1895- 
 ), was born in Elenora, Pa., but grew 
 up in Youngstown and still lives in that city. 
 He served in the Sixth Division in World 
 War I, after which he worked in Youngs- 
 town as an engine rebuilder. He has written 
 a novel, 'Tain't Me, It's Democracy Speakin', 
 Boston, [1948]. 
 
 JOHNSTON, BERT (Aug. 19, 1898-Jan. 18, 
 1952), born in Montreal, Canada, came to 
 the United States in 1924 and about 1930 
 settled in Cincinnati, where he was adver- 
 
 tising director for the Kroger Company. In 
 1944 he opened his own agency, and in 1946 
 he founded a motion-picture production 
 company to make industrial and commercial 
 films. He published a book on advertising 
 and labor-management relations: One Na- 
 tion for Sale, Cincinnati, [1943]. 
 
 JOHNSTON, HOWARD AGNEW (June 29, 
 1860-April 15, 1936), clergyman, was born 
 in Greene County. After graduating from the 
 University of Cincinnati in 1882 and Wayne 
 Seminary in 1885, he was ordained to the 
 Presbyterian ministry. He served churches in 
 Ohio, Iowa, Illinois, New York, Colorado, 
 Connecticut, and Wisconsin. 
 Studies in God's Methods of Training Work- 
 ers, New York, 1900. 
 Bible Criticism and the Average Man, New 
 
 York, [1902]. 
 Studies for Personal Workers, New York, 
 
 1903. 
 Scientific Faith, Chicago, 1904. 
 The Beatitudes of Christ; A Study of the 
 
 Way of the Blessed Life, Chicago, 1905. 
 The Famine and the Bread, New York, 1908. 
 Victorious Manhood, New York, [1909]. 
 Enlisting for Christ and the Church, New 
 
 York, 1919. 
 Scientific Christian Thinking for Young 
 
 People, New York, [1922]. 
 The Son of Nicodemus . . . , New York, 
 
 [1925]. 
 We Can Surely Believe: A Christian Answer 
 
 to Current Atheism, New York, [1928]. 
 
 JOHNSTON, JOHN (March 25, 1775-Feb. 
 18, 1861), was born near Ballyshannon, 
 Ireland. He came to Perry County, Pa., with 
 his parents in 1785. While at Carlisle, Pa., 
 fired by the tales related by survivors of St. 
 Clair's ill-fated expedition, he set out for 
 Ohio. He served with the quartermaster's de- 
 partment of Wayne's army and wintered in 
 Kentucky in 1795. Returning to Philadel- 
 phia, he was for several years employed in 
 the War Department as a clerk. He was 
 commissioned in 1806 and served as In- 
 dian agent at Piqua, where he gave great 
 satisfaction both to the government and to 
 the tribes under his charge. He was re- 
 moved for political reasons by President 
 Jackson in 1829. In 1841 he was appointed 
 to negotiate a treaty of cession and re- 
 moval with the Wyandots, the last of the 
 native Ohio tribes. In carrying out this 
 difficult task, he won the commendation of 
 the government and the Indians. His Ac- 
 count of the Present State of the Indian 
 Tribes Inhabiting Ohio appeared in the 
 Transactions of the American Antiquarian 
 Society for 1819. His valuable Recollec- 
 
Johnston, J. B. 
 
 342 
 
 tions of the Last Sixty Years was published 
 serially in Volume II of the Cincinnati 
 Miscellany in 1846 and was republished in 
 the edition below. He died in Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 Recollections of Sixty Years Indian Agent 
 for U. S. Government at Piqua, Ohio, 
 from 1806 to 1853, [Dayton], 1915. 
 
 JOHNSTON, JOHN BLACK (March 13, 
 1802-Oct. 24, 1882), clergyman, was born 
 near Clarksburgh, Pa., but was reared in 
 Hopedale. After graduating from Franklin 
 College in 1829, he was ordained as a 
 Presbyterian minister and served churches 
 in Northwood and St. Clairsville. He died 
 in the latter community. 
 Signs of the Times, 1858. 
 Psalmody, 1868. 
 The Prayer Meeting, 1870. 
 
 JOHNSTON, JOHN BLACK (Oct. 3, 1868- 
 Nov. 19, 1939), educator, was born in 
 Belle Center, Logan County. After gradu- 
 ating from the University of Michigan (A.B., 
 1893; Ph.D., 1899), he taught at the Uni- 
 versity of West Virginia, 1899-1907, and 
 the University of Minnesota, 1907-37. He 
 published many professional articles on 
 neurology and education and books on edu- 
 cation, e.g., The Liberal College in a 
 Changing Society, New York, [1930]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 JOHNSTON, JULIA HARIETTE (Jan. 21, 
 1849-March 6, 1919), was born in Saline- 
 ville, Columbiana County. She attended 
 high school in Peoria, 111. She wrote for a 
 number of Presbyterian magazines and also 
 composed many hymns. 
 The School of the Master, and Other Re- 
 ligious Verses, New York, [1880]. 
 Life of Adoniram Judson, Chicago, 1887. 
 Bright Threads, New York, [1897]. 
 Indian and Spanish Neighbours, New York, 
 
 [1905]. 
 Who-Was-It? Stories, Boston, 1912. 
 Fifty Missionary Heroes Every Boy and 
 Girl Should Know, New York, [1913]. 
 
 JOHNSTON, NATHAN ROBINSON (Oct. 8, 
 1820-March 21, 1904), clergyman, was 
 born in Hopedale, Harrison County. He 
 graduated from Franklin College in 1843 
 and studied at Theological Seminary, Cin- 
 cinnati. He was actively opposed to slavery 
 and edited the Free Press at New Concord, 
 1848-49. Ordained in the Reformed Pres- 
 byterian Church, he served pastorates in 
 Vermont and Minnesota, worked among 
 freed Negroes at Beaufort, S. C, and in 
 
 1875 went to Oakland, Calif., as a mission- 
 ary to the Chinese. 
 Looking Back from the Sunset Land; Or, 
 
 People Worth Knowing, Oakland, Calif., 
 
 1898. 
 
 JOHNSTON, WILLIAM (April 1, 1804- 
 1887), lawyer, born in Shippensburg, Pa., 
 was brought to Jefferson County in 1808. 
 Largely self-educated, he read law in Steu- 
 benville and later practiced in Carrollton. 
 In 1839 he moved to Cincinnati, where he 
 practiced law, served as U. S. Surveyor- 
 General, 1841-45, and as judge of the 
 superior court. He moved to Washington, 
 D. C, in 1861 to practice law. A powerful 
 orator, he delivered several addresses that 
 were later published in pamphlet form. 
 Arguments to Courts and Juries, 1846— 
 1874, Cincinnati, 1887. 
 
 JOHNSTON, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (May 
 30, 1864-Oct. 16, 1946), was born on a 
 farm near Oil City, Pa. He attended public 
 school in Greensburg, Pa., until he was 
 fifteen, when he began working for the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1890 he entered 
 the employ of Ohio C. Barber as an en- 
 gineer. He laid out the town of Barberton 
 and designed numerous buildings. He was 
 active in real estate around Akron and laid 
 out a number of subdivisions and indus- 
 trial centers. He wrote a recollection of his 
 boyhood: My Own Main Street, Cincinnati, 
 [1921]. 
 
 JONES, ADOLPHUS EBERHARDT (1819- 
 July 25, 1889), physician, born in Greens- 
 boro, Pa., studied at Cincinnati College in 
 1837, and graduated from Jefferson Medical 
 College in 1841. He moved to Ohio in 
 1846 and afterward practiced in Fulton 
 and Walnut Hills. During the Civil War 
 he was military governor of the Cincinnati 
 District, 1861-63, and after 1863 was Pro- 
 vost Marshal of the First District. In 1888 
 he was appointed Surgeon General of Ohio. 
 He delivered several historical addresses 
 that were published as pamphlets. 
 Extracts from the History of Cincinnati and 
 the Territory of Ohio . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1879. 
 
 JONES, ALICE DANNER (April 12, 1854- 
 March 22, 1926), daughter of John Danner 
 (q.v.), was born in Canton, Stark County. 
 She graduated from Denison University 
 and taught there for a time. She later 
 founded an academy for young ladies in 
 Canton and also was a lyceum bureau lec- 
 turer. She died in Canton. She published A 
 McKinley Romance, Akron, [1901], and 
 
343 
 
 Jones, I. L. 
 
 a posthumous collection of her verse was 
 published: Poems, [Canton], 1927. 
 
 JONES, CHARLES A. (c.l815-July 4, 1851), 
 lawyer, was born in Philadelphia, Pa. His 
 parents moved to Cincinnati when he was 
 a child. He wrote for several newspapers 
 and magazines before being admitted to 
 the bar. In 1839 a series of satirical lyrics 
 entitled "Aristophanaea" appeared in the 
 Cincinnati Gazette, which attracted a great 
 deal of attention. Jones's authorship was 
 not known, even to the editor of the 
 Gazette. He also wrote a series of poems 
 for the same newspaper under the pen 
 name Dick Tinto. He practiced law in New 
 Orleans for several years, but returned to 
 Cincinnati in 1851 because of failing health. 
 He died in Mill Creek Township, Hamilton 
 County. William D. Gallagher (q.v.) praised 
 him for his use of Western subjects, but de- 
 plored the haste and carelessness of his 
 habits of composition. 
 
 The Outlaw, and Other Poems, Cincinnati, 
 1835. 
 
 JONES, DAVID (1815-1896). a Quaker, was 
 long a resident of West Milton, Miami 
 County. In addition to his versified account 
 of the murder of Levi Falknor, he assisted 
 in writing History of Miami County, Ohio 
 (1880). 
 
 The Death of Levi Falknor, a Poem, Day- 
 ton, [1836?]. 
 
 JONES, GENEVIEVE ESTELLE. See Ho- 
 ward E. Jones. 
 
 JONES, HOWARD E. (Aug. 24, 1853-Dec. 
 12, 1945), physician, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County, the son of Dr. 
 Nelson E. Jones (q.v.). He graduated from 
 Hobart College in 1875 and the Medical 
 College of Ohio in 1876. He began to 
 practice medicine with his father in 1878 
 in Circleville and spent the remainder of 
 his life in that community, practicing medi- 
 cine and serving as president of a Circle- 
 ville utility company. Author of several 
 pamphlets on historical subjects, he is pri- 
 marily remembered for his connection with 
 the monumental Nests and Eggs, which 
 has been described as the most beautiful 
 book ever published in the United States. 
 Partly because he long outlived the rest 
 of his family, he is generally credited with 
 the major part of the work; and because he 
 was reticent regarding the project, exact 
 details of the production are difficult to 
 ascertain. The idea for such a work prob- 
 ably originated with Nelson E. Jones, who 
 
 spent more than $30,000 over the years in 
 preparing it. The work was a co-operative 
 effort of the Jones family. In 1877 Robert 
 Clarke of Cincinnati agreed to publish 
 such a work; and Adolph K. Krebs, Cin- 
 cinnati lithographer, taught Genevieve Es- 
 telle Jones (1847-79) and her friend Eliza 
 Shulze to draw on stone. When Genevieve 
 died of typhoid fever Aug. 17, 1879, her 
 mother, Virginia Smith Jones (1827-1906), 
 took over the task of coloring the plates. 
 Other artists who worked on the plates 
 were Nellie Jacobs of Circleville, Josephine 
 Klippart of Columbus, and Kate Gephart 
 of Circleville. The work was issued in parts 
 to be sold by subscription, but there were 
 never more than twenty subscribers for the 
 separate parts. Part I was completed in 
 1879, and Part XXIII in 1886. About 95 
 copies were produced. In accordance with 
 a promise to the subscribers, most of the 
 lithographic stones were destroyed. The 
 texts accompanying most of the 68 plates 
 were written by Howard Jones, but a few 
 at least were written by his father, who also 
 did much of the field work. The work is 
 highly prized, not only for its rarity but 
 also for the minute detail with which the 
 eggs and nests were drawn. Nine uncolored 
 sets are known to have been destroyed by 
 fire. 
 Illustrations of the Nests and Eggs of Birds 
 
 of Ohio, with Text, 2 vols., Circleville, 
 
 1886. 
 
 JONES, ICHABOD GIBSON (d.1857), phy- 
 sician and educator, was born in Unity, 
 Maine. He received his medical education 
 at the University of New York and came 
 to Worthington in 1831. He became widely 
 known for his teachings in eclectic medi- 
 cine. He incorporated into the book below 
 an unfinished work by Thomas Vaughan 
 Morrow (April 14, 1804-July 16, 1850), 
 organizer of Cincinnati Eclectic Medical 
 College. 
 
 The American Eclectic Practice of Medi- 
 cine, (with William Sherwood), 2 vols., 
 Cincinnati, 1853-54. 
 
 JONES, IGNATIUS. Pseud. See Gorham A. 
 Worth. 
 
 JONES, IRA LAFAYETTE (May 18, 1866- 
 ), was born in Jackson, Jackson 
 County, where he attended public schools. 
 After graduating from National Normal 
 University, Lebanon, in 1886, he studied 
 law in Chicago. Admitted to the bar in 
 1892, he practiced in Chicago until 1902 
 and afterward was in the publishing busi- 
 ness in Washington, D. C. His novel The 
 
Jones, J. P. 
 
 344 
 
 Richer — The Poorer has its setting in south- 
 ern Ohio. 
 Jones' Non-partisan Financial Catechism, 
 
 [Chicago, 1896]. 
 Beoni, the Sphinx; A Novel, [n.p., 1898]. 
 The Richer — The Poorer, Chicago, 1902. 
 
 JONES, JOHN PETER (Sept. 4, 1847-Oct. 
 3, 1916), Congregational missionary to 
 India, born in Wales, lived in Ohio in the 
 late 1860s and early 1870s. While working 
 in mines around Youngstown, he preached 
 to Welsh miners. With money saved from 
 his wages, he attended Western Reserve Col- 
 lege and Andover Seminary. From 1878 to 
 1914 he was a missionary in India. He died 
 in Hartford, Conn., and is buried in Ober- 
 lin. He wrote religious textbooks in Tamil 
 for use in the Indian schools and several 
 books on the mission effort, e.g., India, Its 
 Life and Thought, New York, 1908. DAB 10 
 
 JONES, JOHN WILLIAM (Jan. 25, 1860- 
 Sept. 28, 1930), educator, was born on a 
 farm near Mineral Springs, Adams County. 
 He taught in country schools before going 
 to National Normal University, Lebanon, 
 where he graduated in 1885. He was super- 
 intendent of schools in Manchester, 1885— 
 95, and in 1895 became superintendent of 
 the Ohio State School for the Deaf. He 
 wrote textbooks for deaf children, a book on 
 eugenics, and The Education of Robert, a 
 Deaf Boy, Columbus, 1925. 
 
 JONES, JOSHUA HENRY, JR. (1876-1953), 
 was born in Orangeburg, S. C, son of 
 Bishop Joshua Jones, who was president of 
 Wilberforce University. He attended Cen- 
 tral High School, Columbus, and graduated 
 from Brown University. He worked on the 
 Providence, R. I., Journal and the Boston 
 Transcript and was a librarian in the Bos- 
 ton Public Library. He wrote a novel and 
 two volumes of poetry, e.g., The Heart of 
 the World, Boston, 1919. 
 
 JONES, MABEL CRONISE (June 18, 1860- 
 1920), was born in Tiffin, Seneca County. 
 She attended Lake Erie College, Painesville. 
 After marrying Thomas M. Jones, she lived 
 in Harrisburg, Pa. She contributed to many 
 newspapers in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Her 
 publications include a book of verse: Gettys- 
 burg, Syracuse, N. Y., 1902. WWW 1 
 
 JONES, NELSON EDWARDS (Sept. 20, 
 1821-Dec. 15, 1901), physician, was born 
 in Ross County. After graduating from 
 Cleveland Medical College in 1846, he 
 practiced in Cleveland for two years and 
 in Iowa for four years. In 1853 he began 
 
 practice in Circleville, where he passed the 
 remainder of his life. An ardent sports- 
 man and lover of nature, he began in 1877 
 to collect birds' nests and eggs; and he 
 undoubtedly conceived the great Nests and 
 Eggs, usually credited to his son, Howard 
 E. Jones (q.v. ). 
 
 The Squirrel Hunters of Ohio; Or, Glimpses 
 of Pioneer Life, Cincinnati, 1898. 
 
 JONES, MRS. RICHARD. See Mabel Wag- 
 nails. 
 
 JONES, ROBERT RALSTON (July 16, 
 1850-Oct. 19, 1930), engineer, was born 
 in Bridgetown, N. J. As a civilian engineer 
 with the U. S. Engineer Corps, he was 
 stationed in Cincinnati, 1892-1930, and 
 supervised construction of more than fifty 
 locks and dams on the Ohio River. He wrote 
 a book about the Ohio River and Fort 
 Washington at Cincinnati . . . , [Cincin- 
 nati?], 1902. 
 
 JONES, SAMUEL MILTON (Aug. 8, 1846- 
 July 12, 1904), inventor, manufacturer, 
 mayor of Toledo, 1897-1904, was born in 
 Carnarvonshire, Wales. Little events in the 
 broad retrospect of history have a way of 
 producing impact on individuals in far-off 
 places. When the victorious Roman legions 
 overran Wales and built a little stone church 
 in Bedd Gelert, it would have been hard 
 to predict that this would be the big house 
 which was first to impress "Golden Rule" 
 Samuel M. Jones. Ty Mawr (translated "big 
 house") witnessed the birth of the man who 
 was to become Toledo's 29th mayor. When 
 he was four years old, his family migrated 
 to the United States and located in the 
 vicinity of Rome, N. Y. His ability to make 
 money was demonstrated early in his first 
 venture in the Pennsylvania oil fields, where 
 he was working by 1865. He moved from 
 there to Lima in 1885 during the Ohio- 
 Indiana oil boom. His invention of the 
 "sucker rod" pioneered the facility for ex- 
 tracting oil from the earth. It was then that 
 he organized the company that ultimately 
 became the S. M. Jones Company of Toledo, 
 and established a manufacturing arm in 
 the Texas oil fields. His social concepts 
 were rare, indeed, for the era in which he 
 lived: municipal housing to replace slums 
 and tenements, civil service for police and 
 fire employees. He did not limit his con- 
 cepts of social justice to governmental af- 
 fairs, but he carried them on in his own pri- 
 vate business by instituting profit-sharing and 
 planned recreation for his employees. He 
 made certain that his workers were able 
 to obtain a good fifteen-cent lunch. He was 
 
345 
 
 Jones, V. S. 
 
 a strong advocate of a single-tax system. 
 He lived in the aura of equality and brother- 
 hood. Here is a man whose schooling was 
 limited to thirty months and yet who 
 authored several articles and two books: a 
 two-volume work entitled Letters of Love 
 and Labor and another dealing with his 
 concept of social philosophy, The New 
 Right. First nominated the candidate for 
 mayor as a compromise by the Republican 
 Convention of 1896 and elected as a Re- 
 publican that year, he was refused renomi- 
 nation by his party for a second term be- 
 cause of his strongly advocated reforms. 
 Here was a man who seemed to lose all 
 elements in his community. He lost his 
 party. He was suspect by business. The 
 clergy was in outright denunciation of his 
 policy which made Toledo a haven of those 
 who behaved, regardless of what they might 
 have done elsewhere. When certain minis- 
 ters urged him to drive out the ladies of 
 the street, he replied: "Where to?" and 
 then in turn suggested that each of the 
 complainants take in one of these unfor- 
 tunates and attempt to rehabilitate her, 
 setting an example by which she might 
 live. Whether this was a tongue-in-cheek 
 suggestion will never be known, but it was 
 never acted upon. He initiated the Inde- 
 pendent Movement that made a strong im- 
 print on Toledo political life for thirty or 
 more years. He won overwhelmingly with- 
 out any party support in 1899, 1901, and 
 1903. Only death kept him from a con- 
 tinuation of one of the most sensational 
 political careers of his times. He gave un- 
 stintedly of his time to the public good. 
 He donated all of his salary to the poor, 
 encouraged his own employees to organize, 
 marched in Labor Day parades at the head 
 of his employees, read incessantly both 
 poetry and prose. Burns. Emerson, Whit- 
 man, and Tolstoy were high on his list of 
 preferences. The drive for greatness may 
 have gained impetus from the big stone 
 house in Wales, but the constant tribute 
 to his parents made apparent the impact of 
 their philosophy as he said: "I rest secure 
 in the comforting belief, that they all earned 
 their living and observed the divine injunc- 
 tion, 'In the sweat of thy face shalt thou 
 eat bread'." One of his supporters summed 
 up his life as follows: "Dreamer, idealist, 
 poetic temperament and prophetic instinct 
 and insight. His advocacy of strange doc- 
 trines has compelled men to think, yet he 
 never sought to compel men." Yet, with 
 all his dreams and his ideals, he retained 
 the qualities of individual leadership and 
 the ability to communicate with other in- 
 dividuals. He was never able to pass on to 
 
 others the strength of communication that 
 he, himself, possessed. This, no doubt, ac- 
 counted for his inability to organize in a 
 formal way the men and women dedicated 
 to his philosophy. However, he made last- 
 ing impact as a man who was able to live, 
 both in public life and in business, by the 
 Golden Rule to such an extent that it be- 
 came synonymous with his name. 
 
 Michael V. DiSalle 
 The New Right: A Plea for Fair Play 
 
 through a More Just Social Order, New 
 
 York, 1899. 
 Letters of Labor and Love . . . , 2 vols., 
 
 Toledo, 1900-01. 
 
 JONES, THOMAS DAVID (Dec. 12, 1811- 
 Feb. 27, 1881), sculptor, was born in 
 Oneida County, N. Y. He came to Ohio 
 with his parents, who settled in Licking 
 County in 1837. For several years he 
 worked on the Ohio canals as a stonecutter. 
 He became a marblecutter in Cincinnati in 
 1841 and while so engaged began to execute 
 portrait busts in wood, stone, and marble. 
 In 1842 he opened a studio in Cincinnati 
 and became a full-fledged sculptor. Among 
 the notable men who sat for him were 
 Zachary Taylor, Henry Clay, Thomas Cor- 
 win. Salmon P. Chase, and William Henry 
 Harrison. In 1860 he was commissioned 
 by a group of Columbus men to go to 
 Springfield, 111., to execute a bust of the 
 Republican candidate. During the months 
 that followed, his studio became a favorite 
 hide-out for the harassed Lincoln. Jones 
 was never reimbursed for his expenses or 
 paid for the bust — a matter which became 
 an open scandal in Ohio art circles. When 
 the famous Cincinnati actor James E. 
 Murdoch (q.v. ) mentioned Jones to Lincoln, 
 the latter exclaimed, "Oh! my man of mud!" 
 The appellation clung to Jones for some 
 years, and the episode was lampooned by 
 John P. Frankenstein (q.v.) in his Ameri- 
 can Art. The bust which Jones had modeled 
 in clay was finally cast in bronze and was 
 bought by the State of Ohio in 1871 and 
 placed in the capitol. It is Jones's best- 
 known work. Jones contributed an account 
 of his experiences with Lincoln to the 
 Sacramento, Calif., Weekly Union, Nov. 
 4, 1873: it was reprinted in 1934. His last 
 years were spent in abject poverty. He died 
 in Columbus. 
 Sketch of the Life and Labors of Thomas 
 
 D. Jones . . . , Columbus, 1871. 
 Memories of Lincoln . . . , New York, 
 1934. 
 
 JONES, VIRGINIA SMITH. See Howard E. 
 Jones. 
 
Jones, W. C. 
 
 346 
 
 JONES, WILLIAM CAREY (1814-1867), 
 journalist and lawyer, was born in Maine. 
 He was brought to Chillicothe at the age 
 of two. He learned the printing trade and 
 before his twentieth birthday started a 
 weekly in Chillicothe, the Buckeye. William 
 Cooper Howells (q.v.), who first met him 
 at this time, described him as unusually 
 precocious. In May, 1836, Jones was in 
 Iowa helping issue that state's first news- 
 paper, the Dubuque Visitor. He returned 
 to Chillicothe in the fall of 1836, where 
 among other activities he studied law. In 
 partnership with Seneca W. Ely he pub- 
 lished the Scioto Gazette from Nov. 1, 
 1839, to Dec. 17, 1840. He went to New 
 Orleans, was admitted to the Louisiana bar, 
 and in 1844 became co-publisher of the 
 New Orleans Commercial Review. He be- 
 came a brother-in-law of John C. Fremont 
 in 1847, when he married Eliza Benton, 
 the eldest daughter of Senator Thomas 
 Hart Benton of Missouri. After settling in 
 California in 1849, he achieved fame as a 
 lawyer and became a recognized expert on 
 California land titles. 
 Land Titles in California, Washington, 
 
 D. C, 1850. 
 Colonel Benton and His Contemporaries, 
 
 [Washington, D. C, 1858]. 
 Letters of William Carey Jones, in Review 
 
 of Attorney General Black's Report to 
 
 the President of the United States, on 
 
 the Subject of Land Titles in California, 
 
 San Francisco, 1860. 
 The "Pueblo Question" Solved . . . , San 
 
 Francisco, 1860. 
 
 JONES, WILLIAM POWELL (Oct. 30, 
 1901- ), educator, was born in Cochran, 
 Ga. He graduated from Emory University 
 in 1921 and Harvard University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1927. Since 1930 he has been on the 
 faculty of Western Reserve University, 
 since 1954 as chairman of the English de- 
 partment. He has written professional ar- 
 ticles, a textbook, and several books, e.g., 
 Thomas Gray, Scholar . . . , New York, 
 1937. WW 30 
 
 JONES, WILLIS KNAPP (Nov. 27, 1895- 
 ), educator, born in Matteawan, N. Y., 
 has been a member of the romance lan- 
 guages department, Miami University, since 
 1923. Besides a number of Spanish text- 
 books and translations, he has published a 
 novel about boarding school life: The 
 Hammon Twins, New York, 1926. WW 28 
 
 JORDAN, DULCINA MASON (Mrs. James 
 J.) (July 21, 1833-April 25, 1895), born 
 in Marathon, N. Y., grew up in Indiana and 
 
 spent most of her life in that state. She 
 was, however, associate editor of the Cin- 
 cinnati Saturday Night for three years. A 
 poem on the Tyler-Davidson fountain, Cin- 
 cinnati, is to be found in her one volume of 
 verse: Rosemary Leaves, Cincinnati, 1873. 
 
 JORDAN, PHILIP DILLON (Nov. 7, 1903- 
 ), educator, born in Burlington, Iowa, 
 was in the history department, Miami Uni- 
 versity, 1935-45. He wrote Ohio Comes of 
 Age, vol. 5 in the History of Ohio, edited 
 by Carl F. Wittke, Columbus, 1943, and 
 several other books on history, politics, and 
 folklore, e.g., Singin' Yankees, Minneap- 
 olis, Minn., 1946. WW 30 
 
 JOSEPH, HELEN HAIMON (Mrs. Ernest 
 A.) (Aug. 28, 1888- ), born in At- 
 lanta, Ga., was brought to Cleveland when 
 she was about twelve and has spent her 
 life in that city. Interested in puppetry, she 
 founded a puppet theater, devised puppetry 
 kits, and wrote several books about mario- 
 nettes and plays for puppet theaters, e.g., 
 Little Mr. Clown; The Adventures of a 
 Marionette, New York, [1932]. 
 
 JOSEPH, JESSE MONTEFIORE (Nov. 24, 
 1884- ), advertising executive, born in 
 
 Baltimore, Md., came to Cincinnati in 1908 
 as advertising manager of Kline's. He later 
 established his own advertising agency 
 which he conducted until his retirement in 
 1955. He has published a story of a Jewish 
 immigrant family in America: Heritage, 
 Cincinnati, 1935. WWMW 49 
 
 JOSS, CATHERINE (Oct. 18, 1818-March 
 10, 1907), was born in Philadelphia, Pa. 
 In 1829 her parents moved to Payne Town- 
 ship, Holmes County, where her father 
 operated a tavern and store. On August 
 15, 1839, she married John Joss, who died 
 in 1855. She later moved to Tuscarawas 
 County and died at New Philadelphia. Al- 
 though her autobiography devotes consid- 
 erable space to the intemperance and un- 
 reliability of her late husband, it is also 
 an interesting account of the Amish on the 
 frontier. 
 
 Autobiography of Catherine Joss . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1891. 
 
 JOYNER, FRED BUNYAN (April 16, 1895- 
 ), educator, born in Ethelsville, Ala., 
 has been a member of the history depart- 
 ment, Miami University, since 1922. He 
 has written professional articles and a 
 book: David Ames Wells, Champion of 
 Free Trade, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, [1939]. 
 WW 30 
 
347 
 
 Kantonen 
 
 JUDKINS, CLYDE HOLLINGSWORTH. See 
 
 Lavina A. J. Burtoft. 
 
 JUDSON, EDWARD CARROLL ZANE (Ned 
 Buntline) (March 20, 1823-July 16, 1886), 
 prolific author of dime novels, made a 
 short stay in Ohio. In 1844 he published 
 two issues of Ned Buntline's Magazine at 
 Cincinnati. With $1,000 invested by Lucius 
 A. Hine (q.v.), he then established the 
 Western Literary Journal and Monthly Mag- 
 azine. Although Judson appealed to West- 
 erners' regional pride and urged them to 
 support a Western journal, it survived only 
 six issues (November, 1844-April, 1845). 
 Judson went south, and Hine was left with 
 a considerable burden of debts. 
 
 JUDSON, PHOEBE NEWTON GOODELL 
 
 (Oct. 25, 1831-Jan. 16, 1926), was born 
 in Vermilion. Erie County, the daughter of 
 a pioneer minister of the region. J. W. 
 Goodell. In 1849 she married Reverend 
 Holden Allen Judson, also of a pioneer fam- 
 ily. Her parents went to the Willamette 
 Valley during the 1846 migration, and the 
 young couple followed them in 1853. Jud- 
 son established a store in Thurston County, 
 Washington Territory, which he sold in 
 1861, when he moved to Lynden on Bel- 
 lingham Bay, a village he served as the first 
 mayor. Mrs. Judson contributed poetry to 
 local newspapers. Also, shortly before her 
 death, she wrote a book highly esteemed by 
 those interested in the early history of the 
 State of Washington: A Pioneer's Search 
 
 for an Ideal Home 
 Wash., 1925. 
 
 Bellingham, 
 
 JUERGENS, ARTHUR R. (Dec. 9, 1863- 
 May 12, 1952), educator, was born in Buf- 
 falo, N. Y., but spent most of his adult 
 life in Cincinnati and Springfield. He was 
 music supervisor in the Springfield schools, 
 1892-1920, and lived in that city after his 
 retirement. He published a volume of verse: 
 "Among the Wildflowers," [Springfield. 
 1937]. 
 
 JUETTNER, OTTO (Feb. 3, 1865-Aug. 23, 
 1922), physician, was born near Breslau, 
 Germany. He came to America in 1881, 
 graduated from St. Xavier's College in 1885, 
 and earned his M.D. at the Medical College 
 of Ohio, Cincinnati, in 1888. While prac- 
 ticing in Cincinnati, he wrote several med- 
 ical books and studies in the history of 
 medicine, including a valuable historical ac- 
 count of the medical profession in Cincin- 
 nati: Daniel Drake and His Followers, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1909]. WWW 1 
 
 JUNKIN, GEORGE (Nov. 1, 1790-May 20, 
 1868), Presbyterian clergyman and edu- 
 cator, born in Pennsylvania, spent three 
 years in Ohio, 1841-43, as president of 
 Miami University. His vigorous opposition 
 to abolitionism created considerable con- 
 troversy and led to his resignation. He 
 stated his views in a pamphlet, The Integ- 
 rity of Our National Union, vs. Abolition- 
 ism . . . , Cincinnati, 1843. 
 
 K 
 
 KAIL, MARY E. (1827-Jan. 28, 1890), was 
 born in Washington, D. C, but spent most 
 of her life in Leesville, Carroll County. 
 She wrote a number of patriotic poems and 
 emotional lyrics. The collection of her 
 verse was apparently financed by Mrs. 
 Leland Stanford, to whom the volume is 
 dedicated. 
 
 Crown Our Heroes, and Other Poems, 
 Washington, D. C, 1887. 
 
 KAISER, RAMONA (Aug. 9, 1909- ), was 
 born in Indian Hill Village, Hamilton 
 County. She was active in civic and liter- 
 ary organizations and lectured on Indians. 
 She also wrote plays, poems, short stories. 
 In 1954 she married Judson M. Bradley 
 and has since lived in Arlington, Calif. She 
 
 became interested in local history and 
 wrote numerous feature stories for news- 
 papers and a pamphlet on early Hamilton 
 County: Glimpses into the Past . . . , Ma- 
 deira, 1940. 
 
 KALISCH, ISIDOR (Nov. 15, 1816-May 11. 
 1886), rabbi, born in Prussia, emigrated to 
 America in 1849 and served pastorates in 
 Cleveland, 1850-56, and Cincinnati, 1856- 
 57. A leader in reform Judaism, he pub- 
 lished while in Cleveland one of his most 
 important works: Wegweiser fi'ir Ratio- 
 nelle Forschungen in den Biblischen 
 Schriften . . . , Cleveland, 1853. 
 
 KANTONEN, TAITO ALMAR (April 24, 
 1900- ), Lutheran clergyman and educator, 
 
Kara Giorg 
 
 348 
 
 was born in Karstula, Finland; his parents 
 came to the United States when he was four. 
 In 1932 he became professor of systematic 
 theology at Hamma Divinity School, Spring- 
 field, where he is still teaching. He has writ- 
 ten numerous articles for religious publica- 
 tions and a number of books, e.g., The Mes- 
 sage of the Church to the World of Today, 
 Minneapolis, [1941]. WW 30 
 
 KARA GIORG. Pseud. See Gustav Briihl. 
 
 KARGER, ALFRED GUS (July 17, 1901- 
 ), was born in Washington, D. C, 
 the son of Gus J. Karger, Washington cor- 
 respondent for the Cincinnati Times-Star. 
 He has lived in Ohio since 1920. He was 
 a radio editorial commentator on WLW, 
 Cincinnati, 1935-39. He was also an execu- 
 tive in a Cincinnati printing company, 
 1920-55. He served in World War II. He 
 has published one book: Thinking Ameri- 
 can, New York, [1941]. 
 
 KARN, ESTHER NELSON (Aug. 21, 1880- 
 c.1935), was born near New Philadelphia, 
 Tuscarawas County, but spent most of her 
 life in Indiana. She was reared in De Kalb 
 County, Ind., graduated from Hicksville, 
 Ind., High School, attended De Silva 
 School of Oratory in Fort Wayne, Ind., and 
 afterward lived in that city, where her hus- 
 band, S. A. Karn, was a music dealer. 
 "Snowflakes," Philadelphia, 1900. 
 Wild Roses, [Fort Wayne, 1915]. 
 Lure of the Wilds, Boston, [1925]. 
 
 KARR, ELIZABETH PLATT (?-?), was 
 born in Geneva, N. Y. Most of her life was 
 spent in North Bend, Hamilton County. 
 In 1879 she married Gen. Charles W. Karr, 
 a prominent member of the Cincinnati bar 
 and at one time adjutant general of Ohio. 
 The American Horsewoman, Boston, 1884. 
 
 KASER, MARGARET KATHARINE (Jan. 
 5, 1895- ), was born in Middletown, 
 
 Butler County. A graduate of the Univer- 
 sity of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Conserva- 
 tory of Music, she taught music in Middle- 
 town, 1914-26, and later taught remedial 
 English and mathematics in Cincinnati, 
 1944-54. In 1931 she married Edwin L. 
 Ryan, president of Middletown Hydraulic 
 Company, and since his death in 1954 she 
 has served as president of the company. 
 Under her maiden name, she published a 
 collection of verse: Silver Strings; Poems, 
 [New York, 1940]. 
 
 KATES, PHILIP (1883-April 11, 1935), 
 lawyer, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 
 County. He attended St. Xavier's Academy 
 and Cincinnati Law School, was admitted 
 to the bar, and afterward practiced in 
 Tulsa, Okla. He wrote The Two Swords; A 
 Study of the Union of Church and State, 
 Washington, D. C, 1928. 
 
 KATTERHENRY, EDWIN A. (Dec. 16, 
 
 1900- ), clergyman, was born in St. 
 Marys, Auglaize County. He was for a 
 number of years pastor of Salem Church, 
 Cincinnati, and now lives in Harvard, Neb. 
 His writings include God and I, Cleveland, 
 1931. 
 
 KATZENBERGER, FRANCES ISABELLE 
 
 (July 6, 1861-1938), was born near Pike- 
 
 ville, Darke County. She attended National 
 
 Normal University, Lebanon, 1892-95, and 
 
 traveled in Germany, 1901-03. Her home 
 
 was in Greenville. 
 
 Westward Ho!, Dayton. 1895. 
 
 He Would Have Me Be Brave. A Story 
 
 Taken from Life, Dayton, 1895. 
 The Three Verdicts, Cincinnati, 1898. 
 
 KAUFFMAN, CATHERINE (1859-May 21, 
 1948), was born in Springfield, Clark 
 County, the daughter of a Methodist clergy- 
 man. She was interested in oil painting 
 and wood carving. Her last years were 
 spent in California; she died in Los An- 
 geles. 
 
 As Nature Prompts. A Novelette, Cleve- 
 land, 1891. 
 
 KAUFMANN, PETER (Oct. 3, 1800-1869?), 
 printer and publisher, was born in Maifield, 
 Prussia, and came to America in 1820. 
 He was a tobacconist in Philadelphia, and 
 also studied for the ministry. He met Rob- 
 ert Owen in 1825 and settled in the Econ- 
 omy community in 1826. In 1827 he was 
 the leader of a group that established Teu- 
 tonia, an unsuccessful co-operative in Co- 
 lumbiana County. In 1828 he settled in 
 Canton. After 1831, he edited and later 
 owned the Vaterlandsfreund. He also edited 
 Deutsche in Ohio und Ohio Staatzeitung, 
 1861-69, and published almanacs and text- 
 books. He was active in promoting the ed- 
 ucation of German children. The second 
 title below was published simultaneously in 
 German. He corresponded with Ralph 
 Waldo Emerson, to whom he sent a copy of 
 The Temple of Truth. 
 
 Betrachtung iiher den Menschen, Phila- 
 delphia, 1823. 
 A Treatise on American Popular Education, 
 
 Canton, 1839. 
 The Temple of Truth . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1858. 
 
349 
 
 Keen 
 
 KAY, GERTRUDE ALICE (July 8, 1884- 
 Dec. 7, 1939), author and illustrator, was 
 born in Alliance, Stark County, where she 
 lived throughout her life. She was an il- 
 lustrator for several magazines and also 
 wrote and illustrated a number of books 
 for children, e.g., When the Sand-Man 
 Comes, New York, 1916. WWW 1 
 
 KEAN, MARTHA. Pseud. See Frances R. G. 
 Gundry. 
 
 KEDAR, OBED, was the pseudonymous au- 
 thor of two pamphlets opposing the Civil 
 War and the policies of Lincoln. Accord- 
 ing to Samuel Medary, he was a Quaker 
 about sixty years old. The first work de- 
 scribes a vision in which an angel appeared 
 to the author in Missouri and described the 
 horrors of the war if it were continued. 
 The second is largely concerned with the 
 benefits of slavery. 
 A Vision: The Cause and Progress of the 
 
 Present War, and its Final Termination 
 
 .... Columbus, 1862. 
 Visions Concerning the Present War, Its 
 
 Cause, Progress and Final Termination. 
 
 Columbus, 1863. 
 
 KEELER, CLYDE EDGAR (April 11, 1900- 
 ), educator, was born in Marion, Marion 
 County. He graduated from Denison Uni- 
 versity in 1923 and Harvard University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1925. He has served on the 
 faculties of various universities and since 
 1945 has been professor of biology at 
 Georgia State College for Women. He has 
 published many technical articles, several 
 books on genetics and eugenics, two read- 
 ers in the Cuna Indian language, and a 
 book of poems: Annotated Rhymes, Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., 1937. AMS 9 
 
 KEELER, HARRIET LOUISE (1846-Feb. 
 12, 1921), educator, was born in South 
 Kortright, N. Y. At the age of fourteen she 
 began teaching in Cherry Valley, N. Y. 
 After graduating from Oberlin College in 
 1870, she entered the Cleveland public 
 school system, where she was employed as 
 a teacher (and, for eight months, as su- 
 perintendent of schools) until her retire- 
 ment in 1912. She was active in the wom- 
 en's suffrage movement. Besides nature 
 books she published English textbooks. Her 
 death occurred in Clifton Springs, N. Y., 
 and she is buried in Oberlin. 
 The Wild Flowers of Early Spring . . . , 
 
 [Cleveland], 1894. 
 Our Native Trees and How to Identify 
 
 Them . . . , New York, 1900. 
 
 Our Northern Shrubs and How to Identify 
 
 Them . . . , New York, 1903. 
 Our Garden Flowers . . . , New York 
 
 1910. 
 The Life of Adelia A. Field Johnston . . . 
 
 [Cleveland, 1912]. 
 Our Early Wild Flowers . . . , New York 
 
 1916. 
 The Wayside Flowers of Summer . . . 
 
 New York, 1917. 
 Our Northern Autumn . . . , New York 
 
 1920. 
 
 KEELER, LUCY ELLIOTT (Sept. 27, 1864- 
 1930), was born in Fremont, Sandusky 
 County. She attended Wells College, 1882- 
 85, wrote for various magazines, and was 
 on the staff of Youth's Companion, 1896- 
 1911. She wrote a number of articles on 
 local history and also published // / Were 
 a Girl Again, New York, [1904]. OBB 
 
 KEELER, RALPH OLMSTEAD (Aug. 29, 
 1840-Dec. 17, 1873), journalist, was born 
 on a farm in Wood County. When he was 
 eight years old, he was sent to live with an 
 uncle in Buffalo, N. Y., but he ran away 
 and worked as a cabin boy on lake steam- 
 ers and as a minstrel show performer. He 
 studied at St. Vincent's College, Cape 
 Girardeau, Mo., 1856-57, lived for a time 
 in Toledo, attended Kenyon College, 1858— 
 61, worked in the Toledo Post Office, studied 
 for two years at University of Heidelberg, 
 Germany, and closed this period of wander- 
 ing in San Francisco, where he became 
 Eastern correspondent of the Alta Califor- 
 nia. William Dean Howells (q.v.) took 
 an interest in him, procured a position for 
 him reading proof on the Atlantic Monthly, 
 and published a number of his articles. 
 Late in 1873 he was sent to Cuba by the 
 New York Tribune, and on the return voy- 
 age he fell, or was thrown, from the ship. 
 In a brief memorial Howells suggested that 
 he was murdered by a Spanish officer who 
 had confided in him without knowing that 
 he was a reporter. He is the first in a suc- 
 cession of young writers whom Howells be- 
 friended with mingled benevolence and dis- 
 approval. 
 Gloverson and His Silent Partners, Boston, 
 
 1869. 
 Vagabond Adventures, Boston, 1870. 
 
 KEEN, SAMUEL ASHTON (May 12, 1842- 
 1896), clergyman, was born in Delaware, 
 Delaware County. After serving in the 83rd 
 O.V.I., 1861-64, he enrolled at Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University, where he was graduated 
 in 1868. He was a Methodist pastor in sev- 
 
Keep 
 
 350 
 
 eral communities and also traveled as an 
 evangelist. 
 
 Faith Papers, Chicago, [1888]. 
 Praise Papers: A Spiritual Autobiography, 
 Chicago, [1894]. 
 
 KEEP, JOHN (April 20, 1781-Feb. 11, 
 1870), clergyman, was born in Long 
 Meadow, Mass. After graduating from Yale 
 in 1802, he served Congregational churches 
 in Massachusetts and Homer, N. Y., until 
 1834, when he came to Cleveland and or- 
 ganized a church. He was a trustee of 
 Oberlin College and also served as financial 
 agent. After serving churches in Wooster, 
 Mansfield, and elsewhere, he settled in 
 Oberlin in 1850. His death occurred in that 
 community. 
 Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the 
 
 Congregational Church in Homer . . . , 
 
 [New York, 1833]. 
 
 KEESY, WILLIAM ALLEN (c.l843-April 
 15, 1910), clergyman, was born in Rich- 
 mond Township, Huron County. He served 
 as a private in the 55th O.V.I, from Oct., 
 1861, until Dec, 1862, when he was dis- 
 charged for disability. He later served in 
 the 64th O.V.I, from Sept., 1864, to April, 
 1865. In 1869 he became a minister of the 
 United Brethren Church and served pas- 
 torates in Richland, Seneca, and Huron 
 Counties. He died in Tiffin. 
 War as Viewed from the Ranks . . . , Nor- 
 walk, [1898]. 
 
 KEEVER, EDWARD W. (Oct. 9, 1889- 
 ), journalist, was born in Springboro, 
 Warren County. He attended the George 
 School, Bucks County, Pa., and Miami Uni- 
 versity, from which he graduated in 1912. 
 He served in World War I and afterward 
 was in advertising work in Dayton and 
 worked on Dayton newspapers. Now re- 
 tired, he lives in Dayton. His only book is 
 a novel for boys: Shorty in the Tank Corps, 
 New York, [1929]. 
 
 KEIFER, JOSEPH WARREN (Jan. 30, 
 1836-April 22, 1932), lawyer, soldier, and 
 legislator, was born on a farm near Spring- 
 field, Clark County. He attended local 
 schools and spent one year at Antioch Col- 
 lege. He read law and took an active part 
 in politics, making fifty campaign speeches 
 for Fremont, although he was not yet old 
 enough to vote. Following that campaign he 
 resumed the study of law and was admitted 
 to the bar in 1858. At this time he became 
 active in the organization of a local vol- 
 unteer militia company. On April 27, 1861, 
 he was commissioned a major in the 3rd 
 
 O.V.I. Following a distinguished military 
 career he was mustered out June 27, 1865, 
 with the brevet rank of major general. He 
 served in the 45th-48th and the 59th-61st 
 Congresses and was Speaker of the House 
 in the 47th Congress. He was a most active 
 public speaker, and many of his speeches 
 were published in public documents and in 
 the publications of various organizations. 
 His death occurred in Springfield. 
 Official Reports of J. Warren Keifer . . . , 
 
 Springfield, 1866. 
 Ohio's Contribution, Sacrifice and Service 
 
 in the War, Springfield, 1878. 
 A Forgotten Battle: Sailor's Creek, April 6, 
 
 1865, Cincinnati, 1888. 
 Slavery and Four Years of War, New York, 
 
 1900. 
 The Military History of Ohio, from the 
 
 War of 1812, Including the Civil and 
 
 Spanish American Wars, Columbus, 1903. 
 Did William Shaksper Write Shakespeare? , 
 
 [Springfield, 1904]. 
 Battle of Rich Mountain, Cincinnati, 1911. 
 
 KEIL, FREDERICK WILLIAM (Sept. 17, 
 1830-Aug. 15, 1909), was born in Ross 
 Township, Butler County. He served in the 
 35th OV.I. from Aug., 1861, to Aug., 
 1864. He died in Fort Wayne, Ind. 
 Thirty-Fifth Ohio . . . , Fort Wayne, Ind., 
 1894. 
 
 KELLAR, HARRY (July 11, 1849-March 10, 
 1922), magician, was born in Erie, Pa. 
 He was reared in Painesville, where he 
 graduated from high school in 1866. The 
 following year he became manager of a 
 famous team of spirit mediums, the Daven- 
 port Brothers. He became a performer in 
 1871 and toured the world as a magician. 
 After 1884 he was a familiar figure on the 
 American stage and enjoyed great popu- 
 larity. 
 
 Kellar's Aids in Arithmetical Calculations, 
 and Professional Tours around the 
 World, [Philadelphia, 1885]. 
 A Magician's Tour Up and Down and 
 Round About the Earth. Being the Life 
 and Adventures of the American Nostra- 
 damus, Harry Kellar, Chicago, 1886. 
 Kellar's Variety Entertainments; Being a 
 Collection of Original Laughable Skits on 
 Conjuring, Physiognomy, Juggling, Per- 
 forming Feats, Wax Works, Panoramas, 
 Phrenology . . . , Chicago, [1901]. 
 
 KELLER, ALBERT GALLOWAY (April 10, 
 1874-Oct. 31, 1956), educator, was born 
 in Springfield, Clark County. A graduate 
 of Yale University (A.B., 1896; Ph.D., 
 1899), he spent his entire teaching career 
 
35 
 
 Kellor 
 
 on the faculty of that institution, 1900-42. 
 His works include Through War to Peace, 
 New York, 1918. WWW 3 
 
 KELLERMAN, WILLIAM ASHBROOK 
 
 (May 1, 1850-March 8, 1908), educator, 
 was born in Ashville, Pickaway County. 
 From 1891 until his death he was profes- 
 sor of botany at Ohio State University. He 
 wrote a number of technical articles and 
 botany textbooks. 
 
 Ohio Forest Trees . . . , Columbus. [1895]. 
 Spring Flora of Ohio . . . , Columbus, 
 1895. 
 
 KELLEY, EDGAR STILLMAN (April 14, 
 1857-Nov. 12, 1944), composer, was born 
 in Sparta, Wis. He studied music in Chi- 
 cago and Germany, was music critic on the 
 San Francisco Examiner, and lived in Ger- 
 many, 1902-10. From 1910 until his death 
 he served on the faculty of Western Col- 
 lege for Women, Oxford. Besides his musi- 
 cal compositions, he wrote numerous essays 
 on musical topics and Chopin the Composer 
 . . . , New York, 1913. WW 24 
 
 KELLEY, FRANCIS BEVERLY (July 15, 
 1905- ), was born in St. Marys, Auglaize 
 County. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1928 and afterward wrote ra- 
 dio and press publicity for the Ringling 
 Brothers Circus. His books about circus life 
 include Circus Holiday, New York, [1942]. 
 
 KELLEY, IRAD (1791-Jan. 21, 1875), born 
 in Connecticut, came to Cleveland in 1812. 
 He was postmaster, 1819-29, and afterward 
 engaged in the insurance business and in 
 various other enterprises. He died in New 
 York City while en route to Rio de Janeiro 
 to spend the winter. The volume below, 
 which is probably the first book of original 
 poetry published in Cleveland, was anony- 
 mous. The attribution to Kelley is based on 
 a contemporary inscription on the title page; 
 the book is also sometimes credited to 
 James W. Ward (q.v.). 
 
 Yorick and Other Poems, Cleveland, 1838. 
 
 KELLEY, JONATHAN F. (Aug. 14. 1817- 
 July 21, 1855), journalist, was born in 
 Philadelphia, Pa. It is not known how 
 much time Kelley spent in Ohio, but he was 
 in Chillicothe in 1837 and the town served 
 as the locale for several of his sketches. He 
 also served in an editorial capacity on the 
 Great West and other Cincinnati newspa- 
 pers. An itinerant writer, he was better 
 known by his pen names Falconbridge, 
 Jack Humphries, and Stampede. 
 The Memoirs of Falconbridge, Philadel- 
 phia, 1856. 
 
 KELLEY, SAMUEL WALTER (Sept. 15, 
 1855-April 20, 1929), surgeon, was born 
 in Adamsville, Muskingum County. He 
 earned his M.D. from Western Reserve 
 University Medical School in 1884, and 
 also studied in London hospitals. He prac- 
 ticed in Cleveland. Besides medical works 
 he wrote several books of general interest, 
 e.g.. The Witchery o' the Moon, and Other 
 Poems, [Cleveland, 1919]. WWW 1 
 
 KELLOGG, CHARLOTTE (March 24. 1864- 
 March 2, 1946), was born in Madison, 
 Lake County. She graduated from Madison 
 High School and from Lake Erie College 
 for Women. She wrote several books, e.g., 
 Women of Belgium . . . , New York, 1917. 
 
 KELLOGG, ELIZABETH ROCKEY (April 
 10, 1870- ), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She attended Wellesley 
 College, was librarian of the Cincinnati Art 
 Museum, 1909-29, and is still a resident of 
 Cincinnati. She has published poems and 
 plays, articles and pamphlets on art, and 
 a brief biography: Memories of Joseph 
 Henry Gest . . . , Cincinnati, 1937. 
 
 KELLOGG, MINER KILBOURNE (Aug. 22, 
 1814-1889), artist, was born at Manlius 
 Square, N. Y. He apparently received his 
 basic training in art at the New Harmony, 
 Ind., community under Charles Alexandre 
 Lesueur. He began painting in Cincinnati 
 in 1840 and later spent many years in 
 Paris and Florence, where he became dis- 
 tinguished as a painter of national types, 
 such as the Greek, the Jew, and the Moor. 
 In Constantinople he painted a portrait of 
 Raschid Pasha, prime vizier of the Sultan 
 of Turkey. With him in Europe was his 
 wife (Celia Logan Connelley, q.v.), from 
 whom he was later divorced. He spent the 
 last years of his life in Cleveland, and his 
 death occurred in that city. 
 Justice to Hiram Powers . . . , [Cincinnati], 
 
 1848. 
 Mr. Miner K. Kellogg to His Friends, Paris, 
 
 1858. 
 Researches into the History of a Painting 
 by Raphael of Urbino, Entitled "La Belle 
 Jardiniere" . . . , London, 1860. 
 Documents Relating to a Picture by Leo- 
 nardo Da Vinci, Entitled "Herodias," 
 London, 1864. 
 Fine Arts in the United States . . . , Wash- 
 ington, 1870. 
 
 KELLOR, FRANCES ALICE (Oct. 20, 1873- 
 Jan. 4, 1952), lawyer, was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County. After earning her law 
 degree from Cornell University in 1897, 
 
Kelly, A. 
 
 352 
 
 she practiced for several years and also 
 worked in the interests of women's suffrage. 
 She became chief investigator for the Bu- 
 reau of Industries and Immigration in New 
 York in 1910. Besides textbooks and lec- 
 tures, she published Immigration and the 
 Future, New York, [1920]. WWW 3 
 
 KELLY, AMY (May 5, 1877- ), educator, 
 was born in Port Clinton, Ottawa County. 
 She attended Lake Erie College for Women, 
 graduated from Oberlin College in 1900, 
 and did graduate work at Wellesley Col- 
 lege. She taught English at Lake Erie Col- 
 lege, 1900-05, at Wellesley College, 1907- 
 21 and 1932-43, and at Bryn Mawr School 
 for Girls, 1921-32. Now retired, she lives in 
 Miami, Fla. She has written Eleanor of 
 Aquitaine and the Four Kings, Cambridge, 
 Mass., 1950. 
 
 KELLY, FRED CHARTERS (Jan. 27, 1882- 
 May 23, 1959), journalist, was born in 
 Xenia, Greene County. At the age of four- 
 teen he was Xenia correspondent for 
 Cleveland, Dayton, and Cincinnati news- 
 papers. He attended the University of 
 Michigan, 1900-02, after which he worked 
 on the Cleveland Plain Dealer for several 
 years. In 1910 he moved to Washington, D. 
 C, where he conducted a newspaper column, 
 first titled "Statesmen, Real and Near" and 
 later "Kelly Opines," which was widely syn- 
 dicated. While lecturing and doing free- 
 lance writing, he owned a 600-acre farm at 
 Peninsula, Summit County. He was an ar- 
 dent advocate of conservation and planted 
 nearly 200,000 pine trees on his farm; he 
 was equally ardent as a foe of billboards 
 and conducted a long crusade against signs 
 along the highways. In 1948 he moved to 
 Kensington, Md. Besides numerous articles 
 in national magazines, he wrote books on 
 the stock market and other subjects and 
 several biographies, including one of the 
 Wright Brothers and one of the Indiana 
 humorist, George Ade: George Ade, Warm- 
 hearted Satirist, Indianapolis, [1947]. WWW 
 3 
 
 KELLY, MELVILLE CLYDE (Aug. 4, 1883- 
 April 29, 1935), journalist and legislator, 
 was born in Bloomfield, Muskingum County. 
 He graduated from Muskingum College. He 
 published several newspapers in Braddock, 
 Pa.; served in the Pennsylvania House 
 of Representatives, 1910-13; and served in 
 the U. S. Congress, 1913-15 and 1917-35. 
 His books include Machine Made Legisla- 
 tion, [Pittsburgh, 1912]. WWW 1 
 
 KELLY, SAMUEL JEWETT (July 17, 1866- 
 Oct. 23, 1948), journalist, was born in 
 
 Michigan of Cleveland parents, who re- 
 turned to that city a few weeks after his 
 birth. He attended Brooks Military Acad- 
 emy, Cleveland, and Kenyon Academy. In 
 1883 he joined the staff of the Cleveland 
 Herald; and at various times in his later 
 life he wrote for the Press, the Plain 
 Dealer, the Leader, and the News. Histor- 
 ical feature stories were his special forte. 
 He wrote History of Saint Paul's Protestant 
 Episcopal Church in the City of East 
 Cleveland . . . , [East Cleveland], 1945. 
 
 KELLY, THOMAS RAYMOND (1893-Jan. 
 17, 1941), educator, was born near Chilli- 
 cothe, Ross County. In 1903 his family 
 moved to Wilmington, and he graduated 
 from Wilmington College in 1913. After 
 teaching for two years at Pickering College, 
 Canada, he entered Hartford Theological 
 Seminary, from which he graduated in 
 1919, his studies having been interrupted 
 by service with German prisoners of war 
 in England. After teaching at Wilmington 
 College, 1919-21, he returned to Hartford 
 Seminary to study philosophy and received 
 his Ph.D. in 1924. He was in charge of a 
 Quaker center, Berlin, Germany, 1924-25, 
 and afterward taught at Earlham College, 
 1925-35, the University of Hawaii, 1935- 
 36, and Haverford College, 1936^11. Be- 
 sides a work on the philosophy of Emile 
 Meyerson, he wrote essays for The Friend, 
 a Quaker journal, which later were included 
 in A Testament of Devotion, New York, 
 [1941]. 
 
 KELSO, ISAAC (?-?), is listed in the 1853 
 Cincinnati directory as a publisher residing 
 in Covington, Ky. Few details on his life 
 are available. The reviewer in Genius of 
 the West (Aug., 1855) refers to him as a 
 Cincinnati author and to his book Light, 
 More Light (sequel to Danger in the Dark) 
 as "a weapon against Catholicism, dis- 
 guised as a story. We do not apprehend 
 that the 'danger in the dark' was very 
 thoroughly exposed by the first book, and 
 we think 'more light' will be needed than 
 is given in the second one, before much 
 good will be accomplished by Mr. Kelso's 
 labors as a writer of romances. These 
 books are spices to meet the popular taste, 
 which Know-Nothingism has excited. They 
 may have a run and put money in the 
 author's pocket, but they will never en- 
 lighten or improve those who read them." 
 Danger in the Dark: A Tale of Intrigue 
 
 and Priestcraft, Cincinnati, 1855. 
 Light, More Light; Or, Danger in the Dark 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1855 . 
 The Stars and Bars: Or, the Reign of Ter- 
 ror in Missouri, Boston, 1863. 
 
353 
 
 Kennedy, C. E. 
 
 Ringgold; Or, the Soldier Boy of the Wil- 
 derness . . . , Boston, 1865. 
 
 KEMP, HARRY HIBBARD (Dec. 15, 1883- 
 Aug. 8. 1960), was born in Youngstown, 
 Mahoning County. He went to sea at the 
 age of seventeen and later traveled over 
 the United States as a tramp. In 1919 he 
 settled in Provincetown, Mass., where he 
 was a friend of Eugene O'Neill and where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. He pub- 
 lished a variety of books, including sev- 
 eral volumes of poetry, e.g., The Passing 
 God; Song for Lovers, New York, 1919, 
 and several novels, e.g., More Miles . . . , 
 New York, [1926]. WW 30 
 
 KEMPER, ANDREW CARR (1832-Aug. 15, 
 1905), physician, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. After graduating from 
 Miami Medical College and studying in 
 Europe, he practiced in Cincinnati. During 
 the Civil War he served on the staff of 
 General Halleck and as assistant adjutant 
 general. He died in Dayton. 
 The Night after the Battle . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 [1883]. 
 The Obsequies of Orpheus . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1887. 
 
 KEMPER, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS 
 
 (1799-1851), educator and clergyman, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, 
 the son of a Presbyterian minister. He 
 taught in Walnut Hills and at Kemper 
 Academy, Preble County. No record of his 
 pastorates has been found. 
 
 Consolations of the Afflicted, Cincinnati, 
 1831. 
 
 KENDALL, CAROL SEEGER (Sept. 13, 
 1917- ), was born in Bucyrus, Crawford 
 County. She graduated from Ohio Univer- 
 sity in 1939. Wife of a professor of Eng- 
 lish at Ohio University, Paul M. Kendall, 
 she has published a mystery novel: The 
 Black Seven, New York, [1946]. 
 
 KENDALL, EZRA FREMONT (Feb. 15, 
 1861-Jan. 23, 1910), vaudeville comedian, 
 born in Allegheny County, N. Y., lived in 
 Cleveland for several years before his death 
 and is buried in that city. He published sev- 
 eral humorous books, e.g., Spots of Wit 
 and Humor . . . , Cleveland, 1899. 
 
 KENLY, JULIE WOODBRIDGE TERRY 
 CLOSSON (March 26, 1869-Jan. 8, 1943), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 She married Gen. William L. Kenly July 
 3, 1893. At the time of her death she lived 
 
 in Washington, D. C. Her most successful 
 works were nature books for children, e.g., 
 The Astonishing Ant, New York, 1931. 
 WWW 2 
 
 KENNAN, GEORGE (Feb. 16, 1845-May 10, 
 1924), journalist, was born in Norwalk, 
 Huron County. He learned telegraphy in 
 his boyhood. Before he was 21, he was 
 en route to Siberia, employed as explorer 
 and telegraphic engineer. He and his asso- 
 ciates combed the country seeking the most 
 favorable route for a trans-Siberian tele- 
 graph line. Upon the conclusion of this ad- 
 venture Kennan wrote an account of his 
 experiences: Tent Life in Siberia, a book 
 which attracted widespread attention. Both 
 in England and in the United States he be- 
 came a popular lecturer on the Russian 
 Orient. In 1885 he again went to Siberia, 
 this time accompanied by the artist George 
 A. Frost. He spent a year interviewing Rus- 
 sians in exile, and through his book Siberia 
 and the Exile System, the stark horrors of 
 that system were first exposed to the world 
 outside the bounds of Russia. He served as 
 correspondent in Cuba during the Spanish- 
 American War and in Japan during the 
 Russo-Japanese War. In 1902 he was sent 
 to Martinique by the Outlook to study the 
 volcano Mount Pelee. In addition to his 
 books he wrote innumerable magazine ar- 
 ticles. 
 
 Tent Life in Siberia . . . , New York, 1870. 
 Siberia and the Exile System, New York, 
 
 1891. 
 Campaigning in Cuba, New York, 1899. 
 Folk Tales of Napoleon, New York, 1902. 
 The Tragedy of Pelee . . . , New York, 
 
 1902. 
 A Russian Comedy of Errors . . . , New 
 
 York, 1915. 
 The Chicago & Alton Case . . . , New 
 
 York, [1916]. 
 Misrepresentation in Railroad Affairs, New 
 
 York, [1916]. 
 E. H. Harriman's Far Eastern Plans, New 
 
 York, [1917]. 
 The Salton Sea ... , New York, 1917. 
 E. H. Harriman, a Biography , 2 vols., New 
 
 York, 1922. 
 
 KENNEDY, CHARLES E. (May 17, 1856- 
 June 12, 1929), journalist, was born in 
 West Farmington, Trumbull County. After 
 attending Western Reserve Seminary, he 
 came to Cleveland at the age of eighteen 
 to become a reporter under his brother, 
 James H. Kennedy (q.v.), city editor of the 
 Leader. He later worked on the Cleveland 
 Herald, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, and the 
 Plain Dealer. During his later years he was 
 
Kennedy, J. H. 
 
 354 
 
 in the advertising business. His death oc- 
 curred in Cleveland. He wrote Fifty Years 
 in Cleveland by One Who Lived the Bulk 
 of Them in Newspaper Row . . . , Cleve- 
 land, [1925]. 
 
 KENNEDY, JAMES HENRY (HARRISON) 
 
 (Jan. 17, 1849-Jan. 22, 1934), journalist, 
 was born in Farmington, Trumbull County. 
 After studying at Western Reserve Semi- 
 nary, he worked on several Cleveland news- 
 papers (the Leader, the Herald, and the 
 Sunday Voice), 1872-89. He was editor of 
 the Magazine of Western History, and 
 moved to New York City when the head- 
 quarters of the magazine moved there. He 
 was historian of the Ohio Society of New 
 York and compiled its history. In 1915 he 
 changed his middle name from Henry to 
 Harrison. He died in Pasadena, Calif., 
 where he had spent the last ten years of his 
 life. 
 Early Days of Mormonism, Palmyra, Kirt- 
 
 land, and Nauvoo, New York, 1888. 
 The Bench and Bar of Cleveland, (with 
 
 Wilson M. Day), Cleveland, 1889. 
 A History of the City of Cleveland . . . , 
 
 Cleveland, 1896. 
 History of the Ohio Society of New York, 
 
 1885-1905 . . . , New York, 1906. 
 Surprise Island, the Pirate of the Sycamore 
 
 Tree, New York, [1915]. 
 
 KENNEDY, ROSE. Pseud. See Metta V. F. 
 Victor. 
 
 KENNEDY, SARAH LEHR (Nov. 19. 1874- 
 ), was born in Ada, Hardin County. 
 She graduated from Ohio Northern Univer- 
 sity in 1893. With her husband, Edward 
 B. Kennedy, she spent several years in mis- 
 sionary work in China. She now lives in 
 Ada. She has written a biography of her 
 father, the founder of Ohio Northern: 
 H. S. Lehr and His School . . . , Ada, 1938. 
 
 KENNEDY, WILLIAM SLOANE (June 3, 
 1822-July 30, 1861), clergyman, was born 
 in Muncy, Pa. He graduated from Western 
 Reserve College in 1846 and two years later 
 was licensed to preach in the Congrega- 
 tional Church. He served in Brecksville, 
 Sandusky, and Cincinnati. His Life of 
 Clirist was published in an enlarged edi- 
 tion in New York in 1860. His Plan of 
 Union is a valuable general history of the 
 Western Reserve, with biographical sketches 
 of early missionaries and considerable gen- 
 eral and statistical information. His death 
 occurred in Cincinnati. 
 
 Messianic Prophecy and the Life of Christ, 
 Hudson, 1852. 
 
 The Plan of Union; Or a History of the 
 Presbyterian and Congregational Churches 
 of the Western Reserve, Hudson, 1856. 
 
 KENNEDY, WILLIAM SLOANE (Sept. 26, 
 1850-1929), son of William S. Kennedy 
 (q.v.) was born in Brecksville, Cuyahoga 
 County, where his father was a Congrega- 
 tional minister. He attended Miami Univer- 
 sity, Yale University, and Harvard Univer- 
 sity. He later lived in West Yarmouth, 
 Mass. Besides the titles below, he compiled 
 several anthologies of poetry. 
 Henry W. Longfellow . . . , Cambridge, 
 
 Mass., 1882. 
 John Greenleaf Whittier . . . , Boston, 1882. 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes . . . , Boston, 1883. 
 Wonders and Curiosities of the Railway 
 
 . . . , Chicago, 1884. 
 The Poet as a Craftsman, Philadelphia, 
 
 1886. 
 John Greenleaf Whittier, the Poet of Free- 
 dom, New York, 1892. 
 Reminiscences of Walt Whitman . . . , Lon- 
 don, 1896. 
 In Portia's Garden, Boston, 1897. 
 The Real John Burroughs . . . , New York, 
 
 1924. 
 The Fight of a Book for the World . . . , 
 
 West Yarmouth, Mass., 1926. 
 Italy in Chains . . . , West Yarmouth, 
 Mass., 1927. 
 
 KENT, MARVIN (Sept. 21, 1816-Dec. 10, 
 1908), was born in Ravenna, Portage 
 County. He was educated at Tallmadge and 
 Claridon Academies. At the age of 22 he 
 became a partner in his father's store at 
 Kent, and within a few years he was iden- 
 tified with the establishment of a flour mill, 
 an extensive window-glass factory, and 
 other local industries. In 1850 he conceived 
 and projected the construction of the At- 
 lantic and Great Western Railroad, de- 
 signed to connect the Erie with the Ohio 
 and Mississippi Railroad. Though presented 
 as an address at a reunion of old employees 
 of the road, his History of the A.&G.W.R.R. 
 is a most important, unadorned, factual 
 statement of the inception, projection, and 
 construction of the railroad and an indis- 
 pensable source on this subject. 
 History of the A.&G.W.R.R., Kent, [1899]. 
 
 KENT, WILLIS. Pseud. See Wilson Collison. 
 
 KEPHART, CYRUS JEFFRIES (Feb. 23, 
 1852-July 22, 1932), bishop of the United 
 Brethren Church, was pastor of First U. B. 
 Church, Dayton, 1908-13. He published 
 several books on religious subjects, e.g., The 
 Life of Jesus for Children . . . , Dayton, 
 1894. 
 
355 
 
 Kerr, M. M. 
 
 KEPHART, ISAIAH LAFAYETTE (Dec. 
 10, 1832-Oct. 28, 1908), clergyman and 
 editor, was born in Clearfield County, Pa. 
 He attended Otterbein College, was or- 
 dained as a United Brethren minister in 
 1863, and served through the remainder of 
 the Civil War as a chaplain. After two 
 years in Pennsylvania, he went to Iowa for 
 his health; he operated a farm, taught 
 school, and served as president of Westfield 
 College, Westfield, 111.. 1885-89. In 1889 
 he came to Dayton as editor of the Re- 
 ligious Telescope, a position that he held 
 until his death. 
 Biography of Jacob Smith Kessler . . . , 
 
 Dayton, 1867. 
 The Tobacco Question, Dayton, 1882. 
 The Holx Spirit in the Devout Life, Dayton, 
 
 [1904]. 
 
 KEPLER, WILLIAM M. (Dec. 17, 1841-Nov. 
 24, 1909), educator, was born in Cuyahoga 
 County. He served as a private in the 4th 
 O.V.I, from June, 1861. to June, 1864. 
 After the Civil War he lived in Berea: he 
 was secretary of the Northern Ohio Con- 
 ference of the Methodist Church and also 
 taught at Baldwin University. His death oc- 
 curred in Oberlin. 
 
 History of the Three Months' and Three 
 Years' Service . . . of the Fourth Regi- 
 ment . . . , Cleveland, 1886. 
 
 KERCHEVAL, ALBERT FARMER (March 
 10, 1829-Jan. 24, 1893), was born in 
 Preble County. He went to California in 
 1849 and spent the remainder of his life 
 in that state, living in Placerville, Sacra- 
 mento, and Los Angeles. He died in Los 
 Angeles. 
 
 Dolores; And Other Poems, San Francisco, 
 1883. 
 
 KERNAHAN, ARTHUR EARL (Nov. 3, 
 1888-Sept. 16, 1944), evangelist, was born 
 in Mellette, S. Dak., but spent the last years 
 of his life in Cleveland. Besides a number 
 of sermons and pamphlets, he published 
 several books on evangelism, e.g., Adven- 
 tures in Visitation Evangelism, New York, 
 [1928]. WWW 2 
 
 KERNAN, WILL HUBBARD. See Will Hub- 
 bard-Kernan. 
 
 KERR, ALVA MARTIN (Feb. 23, 1875- 
 Nov. 1, 1928), editor and clergyman, was 
 born on a farm near Troy, Miami County. 
 He became a pastor of the Christian Church 
 in 1896 and served rural churches in Ohio 
 and Indiana. He edited the Herald of Gos- 
 pel Liberty, Dayton, 1919-28, and wrote 
 
 Thinking Through; Facts and Principles to 
 Clarify the Controversial Thinking in the 
 Church, New York, 1926. WWNAA 3 
 
 KERR, ALVAH MILTON (July 22, 1858- 
 Sept. 26, 1924), editor, was born in Athens, 
 Athens County, but was reared in Wis- 
 consin. From 1876 to 1888 he was a 
 railway telegraph operator and train dis- 
 patcher. After 1888 he was engaged in edi- 
 torial work for several magazines. 
 Trean: Or, the Mormon's Daughter. A Ro- 
 mantic Story of Life among the Latter- 
 Day Saints, Chicago. 1889. 
 An Honest Lawyer, a Novel, Chicago, 1892. 
 Young Heroes of Wire and Rail, Boston, 
 
 1903. 
 Two Young Inventors; The Story of a Fly- 
 ing Boat . . . , Boston, 1904. 
 The Diamond Key and How the Railway 
 Heroes Won It ... , Boston, 1907. 
 
 KERR, JAMES (Dec. 23, 1805-April 19, 
 1855), clergyman, was born in Kirk Col- 
 lom, Scotland. He came to America in 1832, 
 was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 
 Virginia, and in 1839 became pastor of the 
 First Presbyterian Church, Cadiz, where he 
 served until his death. 
 
 A Treatise on the Mode of Baptism . . . , 
 Steubenville, 1844. 
 
 KERR, JOHN GLASGOW (Nov. 30, 1824- 
 Aug. 10, 1901), medical missionary, was 
 born in Adams County. After attending 
 Denison University from 1840 to 1842, he 
 studied with Kentucky doctors, attended 
 Transylvania University and Jefferson Med- 
 ical College, and received his M.D. in 1847. 
 Wnile practicing in southwestern Ohio, he 
 heard a report by a Chinese on the suffer- 
 ing in his country. Kerr determined imme- 
 diately to go to China as a Presbyterian 
 missionary. He arrived in May, 1854. The 
 remainder of his life was devoted to service 
 in Kwangchow (Canton) as a practicing 
 physician and as head of the hospital of the 
 Medical Missionary Society. His writings 
 included numerous medical works in Chi- 
 nese. His last years were concentrated on the 
 establishment of a hospital for the insane. 
 The Chinese Question Analyzed . . . , San 
 
 Francisco, 1877. 
 Medical Missions, Philadelphia, 1895. 
 
 KERR, MINNIE MARKHAM (Aug. 23, 
 1879-Oct. 15, 1951), was born in Frank- 
 fort, Ky. The wife of John S. Kerr, she 
 lived in Cleveland for many years and was 
 a frequent contributor to Ted Robinson's 
 columns in the Plain Dealer. She moved 
 to Versailles, Ky., in 1948, and she died in 
 
Kerr, M. W. 
 
 356 
 
 that community. She published The Amer- 
 ican Highway, and Other Poems, Philadel- 
 phia, [1949]. 
 
 KERR, MYRA WEHRLY (April 15, 1885- 
 ), now Mrs. David Mead, was born 
 in Eaton, Preble County. She now lives in 
 Dayton. An active clubwoman, she has 
 written plays and sketches for presentation 
 by various groups and also has written nu- 
 merous newspaper articles. She published 
 Scrap-Basket T id-Bits, Greenfield, Ind., 
 1938. 
 
 KERR, WINFIELD SCOTT (June 23, 1852- 
 Sept. 11, 1917), lawyer and legislator, was 
 born in Monroe, Richland County. He at- 
 tended Mansfield schools, graduated from 
 the University of Michigan in 1879, and 
 was admitted to the bar in the same year. 
 He practiced in Mansfield and served in the 
 Ohio Senate, 1888-92, and in the U. S. 
 House of Representatives, 1895-1901. He 
 died in Mansfield. Executor for the estate 
 of John Sherman (q.v.), he published John 
 Sherman, His Life and Public Services, 2 
 vols., Boston, 1908. WW 4 
 
 KERSHNER, GLENN ROBERT (July 20, 
 1884- ), was born in Findlay, Hancock 
 County. After attending Findlay College, he 
 began a varied career that has included 
 playing in the Detroit symphony orchestra, 
 working as a cartoonist, and making nu- 
 merous commercial and adventure films. 
 His residence is now Honolulu, Hawaii. He 
 has visited the South Pacific several times 
 and published Brown Barriers; A South Sea 
 Story, Hollywood, Calif., 1939. 
 
 KESTER, PAUL (Nov. 2, 1870-June 20, 
 1933), was born in Delaware, Delaware 
 County, the younger brother of Vaughan 
 Kester (q.v.). He was educated by tutors 
 at Mount Vernon and Cleveland. His 
 mother was a cousin of William Dean How- 
 ells (q.v.), who advised and encouraged 
 both Paul and his brother in their literary 
 careers. His first play was The Countess 
 Roudine, produced in 1892 with Mrs. Fiske 
 in the title role. Most of his plays were 
 adaptations of novels or of plays by Eu- 
 ropean writers. Many of them were not 
 published in book form. His biggest suc- 
 cesses were Sweet Nell of Old Drury (1900) 
 and When Knighthood Was in Flower 
 (1901). The general spirit of his dramas is 
 romantic and extravagant, very different 
 from the theories of his famous cousin, but 
 Howells praised his novel about a Negro 
 in the South, His Own Country, as one of 
 "the three or four American novels which 
 will merit remembrance." 
 
 Tales of the Real Gypsy, New York, 1897. 
 
 His Own Country, Indianapolis, [1917]. 
 
 Conservative Democracy . . . , Indianap- 
 olis, [1919]. 
 
 Diana Dauntless, a Romance of the Eight- 
 eenth Century, Philadelphia, 1929. 
 
 KESTER, VAUGHAN (Sept. 12, 1869-July 
 4, 1911), was born in New Brunswick, 
 N. J. Brought to Ohio in his infancy, he 
 was educated in the public schools of Mt. 
 Vernon and by private tutors. In his youth 
 he traveled extensively in the South and 
 West and lived for some years on a ranch 
 in Colorado. In the early 1890s he joined 
 his brother Paul Kester (q.v.) in New York 
 City and later became a member of the 
 staff of the Cosmopolitan. Stimulated by 
 the success of several short stories he had 
 written for magazines, and encouraged and 
 aided by his cousin William Dean Howells 
 (q.v.), he wrote his first novel, The Man- 
 ager of the B & A, New York, 1901. His 
 most popular novel, The Prodigal Judge, 
 Indianapolis, 1911, published but a short 
 time before his death, was a best-seller, 
 and his The Just and the Unjust, Indianap- 
 olis, 1912, was high on the list of best- 
 sellers the following year. His other books 
 include The Fortunes of the Landrays, In- 
 dianapolis, 1905; John O' Jamestown, In- 
 dianapolis, 1907; and The Hand of the 
 Mighty and Other Stories, Indianapolis, 
 [1913]. DAB 10 
 
 KETCHAM, BRYAN ELLSWORTH (March 
 17, 1898- ), was born in Pleasant 
 Plain, Warren County. After graduating 
 from Miami University in 1925, he taught 
 in Ohio schools, was a map draftsman in 
 Hamilton County court house, and worked 
 as a draftsman in Cincinnati. He has lec- 
 tured on covered bridges and published a 
 book: Covered Bridges on the Byways of 
 Indiana, [Lockland?, 1949]. 
 
 KETCHAM, WILMOT A. (Feb. 23, 1860- 
 Dec. 16, 1928), was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County, and spent his life in that city. He 
 wrote for several Toledo newspapers, was 
 active in Boy Scout activities, and engaged 
 in the insurance business. From boyhood he 
 hunted and fished near Lake Erie. He was an 
 authority on French-Canadians and Indians 
 of the Great Lakes country and published 
 The Dance at Joe Chevalier, and Other 
 Poems, Toledo, [1904]. 
 
 KETCHUM, ALTON HARRINGTON (Oct. 
 8, 1904- ), advertising executive, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, and 
 lived there until his graduation from Western 
 Reserve University in 1926. He was with 
 
357 
 
 Kiener 
 
 the United Press, 1926-27, went into ad- 
 vertising in 1927, and has been an official 
 of McCann-Erickson, Inc., since 1934. He 
 has also served on several commissions and 
 agencies dealing with international relations. 
 He has written several books, e.g., an ac- 
 count of a round-the-world trip: Follow the 
 Sun, New York, 1930. WW 30 
 
 KEYES, CHARLES M. (Oct. 28, 1840- 
 March 1, 1902), was born in Peoria, 111. 
 He served in the 123rd O.V.I, and the 16th 
 O.V.I, from Aug., 1862, to June, 1865. 
 After the Civil War he lived in Sandusky, 
 where he served as a government gauger, 
 as postmaster, 1880-87, and as county au- 
 ditor. He later was steward of the Epileptic 
 Hospital at Gallipolis. 
 
 The Military History of the 123rd Regi- 
 ment . . . , Sandusky, 1874. 
 
 KEYES, JAMES (March 24, 1801-June 28, 
 1883), was born in Albemarle County, Va., 
 but in 1811 his father moved to Scioto 
 County. James learned carpentry, studied 
 at Ohio University, made several trips on 
 flatboats to New Orleans, and afterward 
 operated a ferry on Scioto Brush Creek. 
 His later life was spent in Portsmouth. 
 Most of the biographical sketches making 
 up his book were first published in the 
 Portsmouth Republican and the Ironton 
 Register. 
 
 Pioneers of Scioto County . . . , Ports- 
 mouth, 1880. 
 
 KEYSER, CASSIUS JACKSON (May 15, 
 1862-May 8, 1947), mathematician, was 
 born in Rawson, Hancock County. He 
 graduated from Normal University in 1883, 
 taught in the public schools for several 
 years, and earned his Ph.D. at Columbia 
 University in 1901. He was on the Colum- 
 bia faculty from 1897 until his retirement 
 in 1927. He published a number of books 
 on mathematics and philosophy, e.g., Hu- 
 manism and Science, New York, 1931. 
 WWW 2 
 
 KEYSER, LEANDER SYLVESTER (May 
 13, 1856-Oct. 18, 1937), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Tuscarawas County. 
 He attended Wittenberg Seminary and was 
 ordained to the Lutheran ministry in 1879. 
 After serving various churches in Ohio and 
 Indiana, he served on the faculty of Wit- 
 tenberg College, 1911-32. His death oc- 
 curred in Springfield. 
 The Only Way Out, New York, [1888]. 
 Bird-dom, Boston, [1891]. 
 In Bird Land, Chicago, 1894. 
 News from the Birds, New York, 1898. 
 
 John Westoff — Lutheran . . . , New York, 
 1900. 
 
 Babby Redstart, and Other Bird Stories, To- 
 peka, Kan., 1901. 
 
 Birds of the Rockies . . . , Chicago, 1902. 
 
 Our Bird Comrades, Chicago, [1907]. 
 
 The Rational Test . . . , Philadelphia, 1908. 
 
 A S\stem of Christian Ethics, Philadelphia, 
 1913. 
 
 A System of Christian Evidence, Spring- 
 field, 1913. 
 
 Election and Conversion . . . , Burlington, 
 Iowa, 1914. 
 
 A System of Natural Theism, Burlington, 
 Iowa, 1917. 
 
 A System of General Ethics, Burlington, 
 Iowa, 1918. 
 
 Contending for the Faith . . . , New York, 
 [1920]. 
 
 Man's First Disobedience . . . , New York, 
 1924. 
 
 The Doctrines of Modernism . . . , Chicago, 
 [1925]. 
 
 The Conflict of Fundamentalism and Mod- 
 ernism, Burlington, Iowa, 1926. 
 
 A Manual of Christian Ethics, Burlington, 
 Iowa, 1926. 
 
 The Problem of Origins . . . , New York, 
 1926. 
 
 A Handbook of Christian Psychology, Bur- 
 lington, Iowa, 1928. 
 
 The Philosophy of Christianity, Burlington, 
 Iowa, 1928. 
 
 A Reasonable Faith . . . , Burlington, Iowa, 
 1933. 
 
 KEYT, ALONZO THRASHER (Jan. 10, 
 1827-Nov. 9, 1885), physician, was born 
 in Higginsport, Brown County. He at- 
 tended Parker's Academy, Felicity, studied 
 medicine with Dr. William Johnston of 
 Moscow, and received his M.D. from the 
 Medical College of Ohio in 1848. In 1850 
 he moved to Cincinnati, where he remained 
 until the end of his days. In 1873 his at- 
 tention was attracted to the consideration 
 of the graphic method in the portrayal of 
 the movements of the circulation, as a 
 result of which he devised a combined 
 cardiograph and sphygmograph. His prin- 
 cipal writings are included in the volume 
 listed below. 
 
 Sphygmography and Cardiography, New 
 York, 1887. 
 
 KIENER, MOTHER MARY ALOYSI (Oct. 
 25, 1882- ), was born in Cuyahoga 
 County. She attended Cleveland parochial 
 schools and in 1901 became a member of 
 the Congregation of the Sisters of Notre 
 Dame. She studied at the University of 
 Notre Dame, South Bend, Ind., (A.B., 1922; 
 
Kilbourn 
 
 358 
 
 Ph.D., 1930). She taught in Notre Dame 
 High School, 1911-17, and was professor 
 of English at Notre Dame College, Cleve- 
 land, 1917-47, where she is now in resi- 
 dence. She has written a number of devo- 
 tional books and a biography: John Henry 
 Newman . . . , Boston, 1933. 
 
 KILBOURN, JOHN (Aug. 7, 1787-March 
 12, 1831), author of Ohio's first best-seller, 
 was born in Berlin, Conn. After graduating 
 from the University of Vermont, he came to 
 Worthington in 1810, where he was em- 
 ployed by his uncle, James Kilbourne, as 
 principal of Worthington Academy. In 1815 
 he moved to Columbus and attempted to 
 establish a newspaper, the Columbian 
 Gazette, in opposition to former associates 
 in Worthington, who were then publishing 
 the Western Intelligencer. After only two 
 numbers of the Gazette were issued, he sold 
 the equipment and engaged in bookselling 
 and publishing. His Ohio Gazetteer first pub- 
 lished in July, 1816, filled a real need in the 
 Eastern states. Following the War of 1812 
 thousands of families were deterred from 
 emigrating to Ohio only by the lack of de- 
 pendable information. These people had 
 very definite ideas as to the kind of land 
 they wanted, but were uncertain of where it 
 could be found in the vast Ohio country. 
 Returning soldiers had brought back yarns 
 which were quite as conflicting as the be- 
 wildering claims of competing land specu- 
 lators, and the slanted articles in newspapers 
 were offset by bitter letters from misguided 
 relatives and former neighbors. Not only 
 was information vague as to the quality of 
 land and the agricultural possibilities in dif- 
 ferent sections of the state, but no two local 
 authorities agreed as to the systems of survey 
 or the purchase requirements in the various 
 districts. Grotesque blunders in the works of 
 such distinguished geographers as Jedidiah 
 Morse and Nathaniel Dwight added to the 
 confusion: Chillicothe was placed on the 
 Great Miami instead of the Scioto River, 
 Kaskaskia and Mackinaw were located on 
 the Wabash River, and thriving settlements 
 were indicated where there were in fact only 
 Indian reservations closed to white settlers. 
 Drawing upon his own experiences, soliciting 
 descriptive letters from reliable citizens in 
 each county, and interviewing members of 
 the legislature, Kilbourn painstakingly col- 
 lected the material for his Gazetteer. Ob- 
 viously a thorough and honest work, the 
 very appearance of this sturdy little book of 
 166 pages from a press in frontier Ohio was 
 reassuring. Inscriptions in surviving copies 
 indicate that it was distributed from Vermont 
 to Virginia. It caught on instantly, and in 
 
 four months a second edition was forth- 
 coming. The little frontier press — subject to 
 the usual difficulty of obtaining enough 
 paper to meet ordinary needs — was unable 
 to supply the demand for the book. Two 
 editions were published in 1817, one printed 
 in Albany, N. Y., and the other in Balti- 
 more, Md. Within two years after its first 
 appearance, Kilbourn disclosed that over 
 6,000 copies had been sold, and the Gazetteer 
 was far from finished. Edition followed edi- 
 tion, each revised and brought up to date. 
 In the later 1820s it became the vade mecum 
 of thousands of settlers and land specu- 
 lators. Kilbourn reported that between 1826 
 and 1830 over 14,000 copies were sold. An 
 ardent advocate of internal improvements, 
 he began on June 21, 1828, to publish the 
 weekly Civil Engineer and Herald of Inter- 
 nal Improvement, which he issued for twenty 
 weeks. Extra numbers were printed, and 
 these were bound and sold separately as 
 Public Documents Concerning the Ohio 
 Canals. He died in Columbus, leaving a 
 wife and three small children. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 A Compendious System of Universal 
 
 Geography . . . , Zanesville, 1813. 
 Columbian Geography; Or, a Description of 
 the United States of America, Chillicothe, 
 1815. 
 The Ohio Gazetteer; Or, Topographical Dic- 
 tionary . . . , Columbus, 1816. 
 The Ohio Manual . . . , Columbus, 1826. 
 Public Documents Concerning the Ohio 
 
 Canals . . . , Columbus, 1828. 
 A Geography of the State of Ohio . . . , 
 Columbus, 1830. 
 
 KILE, ORVILLE MERTON (Feb. 17, 1886- 
 ), agricultural economist, was born in 
 New Vienna, Clinton County. He graduated 
 from Ohio State University in 1912. He has 
 held a number of educational and editorial 
 positions related to agriculture; he was 
 Washington representative of Sears Roe- 
 buck, 1933-48, and was active in organizing 
 the farm bloc in Congress. His present ad- 
 dress is Washington, D. C. He has published 
 articles and books on agriculture, e.g., The 
 New Agriculture, New York, 1932. WW 26 
 
 KILLITS, JOHN MILTON (Oct. 7, 1858- 
 Sept. 13, 1938), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in Lithopolis, Fairfield County. He gradu- 
 ated from Williams College in 1880 and 
 completed his legal training at Columbia 
 University in 1885. He was admitted to the 
 bar in 1887 and began practice in Bryan. He 
 later served as judge of the court of com- 
 mon pleas and of the U. S. district court. 
 His home was in Toledo. He edited and 
 
359 
 
 King, J. 
 
 wrote portions of Toledo and Lucas County, 
 3 vols., Chicago, 1923. WWW 1 
 
 KIMBALL, HEBER CHASE (June 14, 1801- 
 June 22, 1868), Mormon leader, born in 
 Sheldon, Vt., was converted to the teachings 
 of Joseph Smith in 1832 while living in 
 Mendon, N. Y. The next year he moved to 
 the settlement of Latter-day Saints at Kirt- 
 land and except for missionary expeditions 
 lived there until their removal in 1838. After 
 Smith's death he was one of Brigham 
 Young's chief counselors and remained a 
 leader in the Mormon community until his 
 death. He published Journal of Heber C. 
 Kimball . . . , Nauvoo, 111., 1840. 
 
 KIMBEL, HARRY MILTON (March 3, 
 1877-Aug. 20, 1956), clergyman, was born 
 in North Lawrence, Stark County. He at- 
 tended Canton public schools and gradu- 
 ated from Northwestern University in 1900. 
 After living in Madison, Wis., for four years, 
 he returned to Canton, where he founded 
 and operated Charles Street Mission. In 1916 
 he established the Pilgrims' Mission. He was 
 employed in Canton in the office of the 
 county auditor for many years. He wrote a 
 number of articles and pamphlets on re- 
 ligious themes and social questions, e.g., an 
 account of his experiences as director of 
 public safety in Canton: Canton's Night, 
 [Canton], 1934. 
 
 KIMBERLY, ROBERT L. (July 3, 1836- 
 June 15, 1913) was born in Connecticut. He 
 enlisted in the 41st O.V.I, on Sept. 19, 1861, 
 as a second lieutenant; when discharged on 
 Sept. 5, 1865, he was colonel of the 191st 
 O.V.I. A printer, he worked after the war in 
 Cleveland and Toledo and in other states. 
 He died in Dayton, Ky. The book below was 
 a collaboration with Ephraim S. Holloway 
 (q.v.). 
 
 The Forty-first Ohio Veteran Volunteer In- 
 fantry . . . , Cleveland, 1897. 
 
 KIMSEY, MRS. HOMER LEE. See Merl B. 
 Cole. 
 
 KINCHELOE, SAMUEL CLARENCE (Nov. 
 20, 1890- ), educator, was born near 
 Georgetown, Brown County. He graduated 
 from Drake University in 1916 and the 
 University of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1919. He 
 taught sociology of religion at the University 
 of Chicago, 1928-56. His special scholarly 
 concern — the relationship of church and 
 community life — is reflected in his books, 
 e.g., The American City and Its Church, 
 New York, [1938]. WW 30 
 
 KING, AGNES B. (?-?), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County, and was educated 
 in that city. In 1913, after teaching school in 
 Cleveland, she married William A. King. 
 Following her husband's death, she lived in 
 Ironton. Her last address in Ohioana files is 
 West Palm Beach, Fla. She wrote a column 
 for the Catholic Columbian and a book, 
 Duncan Davidson, Philadelphia, [1928]. 
 CWW 7 
 
 KING, FA YE (May 29, 1902- ), born in 
 Milford, Ky.. lived in Dayton, 1918-48. 
 Now Mrs. William C. Barnes, she lives in 
 Marathon, Fla. She has written juvenile 
 stories and has published a book for chil- 
 dren: Judy and the Golden Horse, Caldwell, 
 Idaho, 1947. 
 
 KING, HENRY CHURCHILL (Sept. 18, 
 1858-Feb. 27. 1934), educator, was born in 
 Hillsdale, Mich. He graduated from Oberlin 
 College in 1879 and Oberlin Seminary in 
 1882, joined the Oberlin faculty in 1884, 
 and from 1902 until his retirement in 1927 
 was president of the college. A popular lec- 
 turer on religion and philosophy, he pub- 
 lished many of his addresses as well as 
 numerous books, e.g., Fundamental Ques- 
 tions, New York, 1917. WWW 1 
 
 KING, JOHN (Jan. 1, 1813-June 19, 1893), 
 physician, born in New York City, came to 
 Cincinnati in 1848 as secretary of the first 
 national convention of Reform Medical 
 Practitioners. In 1851, after a brief residence 
 in Memphis, Tenn., he returned to the city 
 to become professor of obstetrics in the 
 Ec'ectic Medical Institute. Cincinnati was 
 his home until his death. He sympathized 
 with abolition and with the cause of labor 
 and opposed any attempt to restrict medical 
 practice. Some of his discoveries of thera- 
 peutic uses of American plants were impor- 
 tant contributions to materia medica. His 
 medical books were highly popular, and 
 most of them passed through several 
 editions. 
 
 The American Eclectic Dispensatory, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1852. 
 The American Eclectic Obstetrics, Cincin- 
 nati, 1855. 
 The American Family Physician . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1857. 
 Women: Their Diseases and Treatment, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1858. 
 The Microscopist's Companion . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1859. 
 Medical Chart, for the Use of All Persons 
 Afflicted with Chronic Disease, Whether 
 Males or Females, Cincinnati, 1863. 
 
King, M. R. 
 
 360 
 
 Urologictil Dictionary . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1878. 
 
 The Coming Freeman, or Justice and Equal- 
 ity to All, Cincinnati, 1886. 
 
 KING, MARGARET RIVES (July 1, 1819- 
 May 1, 1898), was born in Virginia. In 
 1843 she married Rufus King (q.v.), Cin- 
 cinnati lawyer and civic leader. Her death 
 occurred in Cincinnati. 
 Memoirs of the Life of Mrs. Sarah Peter, 2 
 
 vols., Cincinnati, 1889. 
 A Memento of Ancestors and Ancestral 
 
 Homes . . . , Cincinnati, 1890. 
 Old Cashmere Shawls, Cincinnati, 1892. 
 
 KING, RUFUS (May 30, 1817-March 25, 
 1891), lawyer, was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County, the grandson of Governor Thomas 
 Worthington. After attending Kenyon Col- 
 lege, he graduated from Harvard College in 
 1839 and Harvard Law School in 1841. He 
 was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1841 and 
 practiced in Cincinnati. He rose to distinc- 
 tion in his profession and devoted much of 
 his time, energy, and fortune to the promo- 
 tion of science, history, and art in Cin- 
 cinnati. According to W. H. Venable (q.v.), 
 there was scarcely a literary institution in 
 the Queen City that was not aided by his 
 counsel and liberality. He was a frequent 
 contributor to the Evening Chronicle, edited 
 by his uncle, E. D. Mansfield (q.v.). He was 
 dean of Cincinnati Law School, 1875-80, 
 and lectured there until his death. 
 Ohio, First Fruits of the Ordinance of 1787, 
 Boston, 1888. 
 
 KING, THOROLD. Pseud. See Charles Gat- 
 chell. 
 
 KING, WILLIAM FLETCHER (Dec. 20, 
 1830-Oct. 23, 1921), educator, was born 
 near Zanesville, Muskingum County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1857. He joined the faculty of Cornell 
 College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, in 1862. was 
 named president in 1863, and served until 
 1908. After his retirement he continued to 
 live in Mount Vernon. He published an 
 autobiographical volume: Reminiscences, 
 New York, [1915]. WWW 1 
 
 KINGSBURY, ELIZABETH (1865-1922), 
 educator, was a graduate of Bucknell Uni- 
 versity and taught for many years in the 
 schools of Defiance. 
 
 Tale of an Amateur Adventuress . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1898. 
 
 KINGSBURY, SARA R. (1876-Oct. 17, 
 1948), was born in Ohio, but was educated 
 in Indianapolis public schools, graduated 
 
 from Butler University in 1899, and died in 
 Indianapolis. She published several novels 
 and plays, e.g., The Atonement, Boston, 
 [1905], and Our Christ Liveth . . . , New 
 York, [1930]. IATB 
 
 KINGSLEY, CALVIN (Sept. 8, 1812-Apri! 
 6, 1870), clergyman, born in Annsville, N. 
 Y., served in northwestern Pennsylvania as a 
 Methodist minister. When made bishop in 
 1864, he settled in Cleveland. He died in 
 Beirut while on a trip around the world. 
 A travel book was published posthumously: 
 Round the World . . . , 2 vols., Cincinnati, 
 1871. 
 
 KINGSLEY, FLORENCE MORSE (July 14, 
 1859-Oct. 26, 1937), was born in Medina, 
 Medina County. She attended Wellesley 
 College, but married Charles R. Kingsley in 
 1882 before the completion of her studies. 
 Though the mother of five children, this 
 remarkable woman found time to produce 
 over thirty books which were issued over 
 the imprints of the country's leading pub- 
 lishers, as well as a great number of short 
 stories and in her later years the scenarios of 
 several motion pictures. 
 Titus, a Comrade of the Cross, Chicago, 
 
 1894. 
 Stephen, a Soldier of the Cross, Philadelphia, 
 
 1896. 
 Paul, a Herald of the Cross, Philadelphia, 
 
 1897. 
 Prisoners of the Sea . . . , Philadelphia, 1897. 
 The Cross Triumphant, Philadelphia, 1899. 
 The Transfiguration of Miss Philura, New 
 
 York, 1901. 
 The Needle's Eye, New York, 1902. 
 Wings and Fetters . . . , Philadelphia, 1902. 
 Under the Stars, Philadelphia, 1903. 
 Kindly Light, Philadelphia, [1904]. 
 The Singular Miss Smith, New York, 1904. 
 Tor, a Street Boy of Jerusalem, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1904]. 
 An Unrecorded Miracle, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1904]. 
 The Resurrection of Miss Cynthia, New 
 
 York. 1905. 
 The Intellectual Miss Lamb, New York, 
 
 1906. 
 Balm in Gilead, New York, 1907. 
 The Princess and the Ploughman, New York, 
 
 1907. 
 Those Queer Browns, New York, 1907. 
 Truthful Jane, New York, 1907. 
 And So They Were Married, New York, 
 
 1908. 
 The Glass House, New York, 1909. 
 The Star of Love, New York, 1909. 
 Those Brewster Children, New York, 1910. 
 Francesco, Bcston, [1911]. 
 
361 
 
 Kinsman 
 
 The Return of Caroline, New York, 1911. 
 To the Highest Bidder, New York, 1911. 
 Miss Philura's Wedding Gown, New York, 
 
 1912. 
 Wilhelmina Changes Her Mind, Boston, 
 
 [1912]. 
 Hurrying Fate and Geraldine, New York, 
 
 [1913]. 
 Veronica, New York. 1913. 
 The Heart of Philura, New York, 1914. 
 Meditations for Life and Power, Holyoke, 
 
 Mass., 1916. 
 An Alabaster Box, (with Mary E. Wilkins 
 
 Freeman), New York, 1917. 
 Neighbors, New York. 1917. 
 The Life of Henry Fowle Durant . . . , New 
 
 York, [1924]. 
 
 KINMONT, ALEXANDER (Jan. 5, 1799- 
 Sept. 16, 1838), educator, was born in 
 Angusshire, Scotland, and was educated in 
 Edinburgh. His arm was torn off in an 
 accident in a cotton factory, and he turned 
 to schoolteaching. In 1823 he came to 
 America and taught in Bedford, Pa., where 
 he was converted to Swedenborgianism. 
 Three years later, he came to Cincinnati and 
 established Kinmont's Academy of Classics 
 and Mathematics. One of the school mottoes 
 was "Learn to do by doing." He was a 
 stanch advocate of the classics and of free- 
 dom from discipline. He also served as pas- 
 tor of the Second Swedenborgian Society, 
 Cincinnati. The book below was published 
 by subscription to aid his family after his 
 death. 
 
 Twelve Lectures on the Natural History of 
 Man . . . , Cincinnati, 1839. 
 
 KINNEY, BRUCE (Dec. 12, 1865-Oct. 15, 
 1936), clergyman, was born in East Towns- 
 end, Huron County. After graduating from 
 Denison University in 1892, he entered the 
 Baptist ministry. Besides serving as pastor of 
 several churches he held various posts in the 
 home missions department of the Baptist 
 Church. His writings include Mormonism; 
 The Islam of America, New York, [1912]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 KINNEY, COATES (Nov. 24, 1826-Jan. 25, 
 1904), lawyer and journalist, was born in 
 Penn Yan, N. Y. Memories of his early boy- 
 hood in the beautiful Finger Lakes region 
 are reflected in many of his poems. In 1840 
 his parents moved to Ohio, where he spent 
 the remainder of his life. He completed one 
 term at Antioch College, read law under 
 Thomas Corwin and Judge William Law- 
 rence, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. 
 He practiced for a short time, but he was 
 drawn from the law by his greater interest 
 
 in poetry and journalism. Before the Civil 
 War, in which he served as a paymaster and 
 was breveted lieutenant colonel, he edited 
 the Xenia News; after the war he edited the 
 Xenia Torchlight and was owner and editor 
 of the Springfield Globe Republic. He also 
 contributed to the Cincinnati Times and the 
 Ohio State Journal. He served in the state 
 senate, 1882-83. In 1888 he wrote the "Ohio 
 Centennial Ode," but his most famous poem, 
 "Rain on the Roof." was written much 
 earlier — in 1849 when he was 23. Its senti- 
 mentality and easy lyrical flow made it 
 widely popular, and it was often reprinted. 
 Keeuka and Other Poems, [Columbus, 
 
 1855]. 
 Lyrics of the Ideal and the Real, [Xenia?, 
 
 1887]. 
 Mists of Fire; A Trilogy and Some Ecologs, 
 
 Chicago, 1899. 
 
 KINNEY, MURIEL (1865- ), educator, 
 was born in Upper Sandusky, Wyandot 
 County. After graduating from Flora Stone 
 Mather College in 1900, she taught English 
 in the schools of Cleveland and Toledo. 
 During the 1930s she lived in Woodbury, 
 Conn. She published at least three books of 
 verse, e.g.. Rainbow Gold, and Other 
 Poems, Boston, 1915. BDCP 
 
 KINNISON, CHARLES SHADRACH (Aug. 
 3, 1889- ), was born in Jackson, Jack- 
 son County. He graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1911. After working in the 
 U. S. Bureau of Standards, 1912-15, he was 
 an advertising manager in Detroit until his 
 retirement in 1953. For some time he pub- 
 lished a poem a day in the Detroit Times, 
 which was also syndicated in other news- 
 papers. He also contributed poems to other 
 periodicals and collected some of them in a 
 volume, 'Round Home, New York, [1927]. 
 WWNAA 3 
 
 KINSEY, SAMUEL (May 26, 1832-June 8, 
 1883). farmer and clergyman, was born in 
 Miami County. He established nurseries in 
 Montgomery County in 1852 and also in 
 Indiana. He was minister of a German Bap- 
 tist Church, 1870-83, and edited the Vin- 
 dicator, 1870-82. The volume listed below 
 contains hymns, poems, and essays on re- 
 ligious subjects. 
 The Pious Companion . . . , Dayton, 1865. 
 
 KINSMAN, FREDERICK JOSEPH (Sept. 
 27, 1868-July, 1944), clergyman, was born 
 in Warren, Trumbull County. Graduated 
 from Keble College, Oxford University, in 
 1894 and ordained an Episcopal priest in 
 1896, he taught in various schools and 
 
Kiplinger 
 
 362 
 
 served a pastorate in Massachusetts until 
 1908, when he was consecrated bishop of 
 Delaware. He resigned in 1919 to enter the 
 Roman Catholic Church. His death occurred 
 in Lewiston, Maine. He published a number 
 of books on religious themes, e.g., Ameri- 
 canism and Catholicism, New York, 1924. 
 WWW 3 
 
 KIPLINGER, WILLARD MONROE (Jan. 8, 
 1891- ), journalist, was born in Belle- 
 fontaine, Logan County. He graduated from 
 Ohio State University in 1912 and was a 
 reporter in Columbus, 1912-16. His news- 
 letters from Washington, D. C, published 
 since 1923, have achieved a reputation for 
 reliability and accuracy both as reports and 
 as forecasts. His books include Washington 
 Is like That, New York, [1942]. WW 30 
 
 KIRCHER, RALF CHARLES (May 22, 
 1907- ), advertising executive, was born in 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1929, after graduating 
 from Ohio University, he entered the adver- 
 tising business in Dayton, where he has 
 headed his own agency since 1942. He has 
 published humorous items in Dayton news- 
 papers and in national magazines, some of 
 them under the name of Fagin Fogg, and 
 some humorous books, e.g., Wrap It as a 
 Gift, New York, [1947]. 
 
 KIRK, GRAYSON LOUIS (Oct. 12, 1903- 
 ), educator, was born on a farm near 
 Jeffersonville, Fayette County. He graduated 
 from Miami University in 1924 and the 
 University of Wisconsin (Ph.D.) in 1930. He 
 served on the Wisconsin faculty, 1929-40, 
 and at Columbia University since 1940. He 
 became provost of Columbia University in 
 1949, acting president in 1950, and president 
 in 1953. He has published articles and books 
 on international relations, e.g., Philippines 
 Independence: Motives, Problems, and Pros- 
 pects, New York, 1936. WW 30 
 
 KIRKPATRICK, CYNTHIA COLE (April 
 21, 1811-Dec. 27, 1888), was born at Penn 
 Yan, N. Y., but was brought to Belpre 
 Township, Washington County, in 1812. In 
 1833 she married Alexander Kirkpatrick and 
 took up her residence in Rockland, where 
 she spent the remainder of her life. Of her 
 ten children five sons served in the Federal 
 forces during the Civil War. Her Poems for 
 the Times is perhaps the best of the known 
 examples of the work of Ohio's serio-comic 
 poets. Certainly she was the equal of Michi- 
 gan's vaunted "sweet singer," Julia Moore. 
 She interviewed President Lincoln in Dec, 
 1864, from her account of which meeting 
 the following stanza is typical: 
 
 "I have been wounded, and therefore 
 cannot work, 
 I want a position as a clerk." 
 He says, "That position you shall have, 
 For your life for your country you 
 gave." 
 
 Nearly one half of the poems in her little 
 volume are addressed to Lincoln or against 
 his political adversaries. 
 Poems for the Times, Cincinnati, 1882. 
 
 KIRKPATRICK, GEORGE ROSS (Feb. 24, 
 1867-March 17, 1937), political lecturer, 
 was born in West Lafayette, Coshocton 
 County. After graduating from Albion Col- 
 lege in 1893, he taught history at colleges in 
 Kansas and Wisconsin and lectured on tem- 
 perance. In 1903 he joined the Socialist 
 Party and devoted himself to lecturing, 
 teaching, and running for various offices as a 
 Socialist. He died in San Gabriel, Calif. His 
 opposition to World War I led several times 
 to his being attacked by hostile mobs. His 
 best-known work, translated into several 
 languages, was War — What For? West 
 Lafayette, [1910]. NC 27 
 
 KIRTLAND, LUCIAN SWIFT (Oct. 13, 
 1881- ), journalist, was born in Poland, 
 Mahoning County. He graduated from Yale 
 University in 1903. During World War I he 
 was a correspondent with the Russian army, 
 and he later served in various parts of the 
 world as a foreign correspondent. His pres- 
 ent residence is Bronxville, N. Y. He wrote 
 several books about the Far East, e.g., Find- 
 ing the Worth While in the Orient, New 
 York, [1926]. WW 27 
 
 KISER, SAMUEL ELLSWORTH (1862- 
 Jan. 30, 1942), journalist, was born in 
 Shippensburg, Pa. He was educated in Penn- 
 sylvania and Ohio schools. After coming to 
 Cleveland in the early 1880s, he was active 
 in journalistic work there: first as a reporter 
 and then as managing editor of the Cleve- 
 land Press, and from 1896 to 1899 as a 
 feature writer for the Leader. From 1900 to 
 1914 he was in Chicago, and from 1917 to 
 1919 he was editor of the Dayton Daily 
 News. 
 "Budd Wilkins at the Show," and Other 
 
 Verses . . . , Cleveland, 1898. 
 Georgie, Boston, 1900. 
 Love Sonnets of an Office Boy, Chicago, 
 
 1902. 
 Ballads of the Busy Days, Chicago, 1903. 
 Soul Sonnets of a Stenographer, Chicago, 
 
 1903. 
 Charles the Chauffeur, New York, [1905]. 
 Thrills of a Bell Boy, Chicago, 1906. 
 
363 
 
 Klippart 
 
 The Whole Glad Year, Chicago, [1911]. 
 
 Father, Chicago, [1912]. 
 
 Mother, Chicago, [1912]. 
 
 My Boy, Chicago, [1912]. 
 
 The Land of Little Care, Chicago, 1913. 
 
 Glorious Day; Poems of Inspiration, New 
 
 York, [1926]. 
 // Is to Laugh; A Book of Jokes, New York, 
 
 [1927]. 
 
 KITCHELL, JOSEPH GRAY (April 25, 
 1862-June 1, 1947), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. An active photographer, 
 he invented in 1915 a subchromatic method 
 of reproducing pictures. He wrote feature 
 stories for many magazines and newspapers 
 and a book: The Earl of Hell, New York, 
 [1924]. WWW 2 
 
 KITCHEN, KARL KINGSLEY (March 2, 
 1885-June 21, 1935), journalist, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. From 1908 
 to 1933 he was a reporter and columnist for 
 the New York Evening World and the New 
 York Sun. His books include The Night Side 
 of Europe as Seen by a Broadwayite 
 Abroad, Cleveland, 1914. AATB 
 
 KITTREDGE, DANIEL WRIGHT (Sept. 2, 
 1879-Jan. 21, 1958), journalist, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After gradu- 
 ating from Harvard University in 1902, he 
 worked on various newspapers, most of them 
 in Philadelphia. He wrote at least two books, 
 e.g., A Mind Adrift, Seattle, [1920]. 
 
 KITTREDGE, ELIZABETH. See Margaret 
 E. K. Wakeland. 
 
 KLAUPRECHT, EMIL (1815-1896), born 
 in Germany, came to Paducah, Ky., in 1832 
 and in 1837 settled in Cincinnati. A lithogra- 
 pher by trade, he turned to journalism in 
 1843, when he founded Fliegende Blatter, 
 the first illustrated German paper published 
 in America. He edited Republikaner for 
 about ten years and was on the staff of the 
 Cincinnati Volksblatt, 1856-64. He was 
 American consul at Stuttgart, 1864-69, and 
 remained in that city after his removal by 
 President Grant. 
 
 Cincinnati, oder, Geheimnisse des Westens, 
 3 vols, in 1, Cincinnati, 1854-55. 
 
 Deutsche Chronik in der Geschichte des 
 Ohio-Thales und Seiner Haupstadt Cin- 
 cinati in's Besondere . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [1864]. 
 
 KLEEMAN, RITA SULZBACHER HALLE 
 
 (May 23, 1887- ), was born in Chilli- 
 cothe, Ross County. She graduated from 
 Wellesley College in 1907. She married 
 
 Louis J. Halle in 1907 and as Rita S. Halle 
 published stories and articles in national 
 magazines and a book on choosing a college. 
 In 1934 she married Arthur S. Kleeman. Her 
 later books include Gracious Lady; The Life 
 of Sara Delano Roosevelt, New York, 1935. 
 WW 30 
 
 KLEMM, LOUIS RICHARD (Dec. 8, 1845- 
 1916), educator and banker, born in Diis- 
 seldorf, Germany, came to the United States 
 in 1866. He served as assistant superinten- 
 dent of schools, Cleveland, 1870-80, as prin- 
 cipal of German Normal School, Cincinnati, 
 1880-84, and as superintendent of schools, 
 Hamilton, 1884-87. He afterward lived in 
 Washington, D. C, where he worked for the 
 government as a specialist in foreign educa- 
 tion, 1889-1910. From 1910 until his death 
 he was president of the Society for Savings, 
 Washington, D. C. Besides the titles below, 
 he published papers on educational topics 
 and German textbooks; he also compiled a 
 collection of German poems. 
 Chips from a Teacher's Workshop . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1888. 
 European Schools . . . , New York, 1889. 
 Public Education in Germany and in the 
 United States, Boston, [1911]. 
 
 KLINE, MAGDALENA (April 2, 183 8- July 
 14, 1921), was born in Baden, Germany. 
 Her parents brought her to Bucyrus in 1851, 
 and in 1855 she moved to Van Wert, where 
 she spent the remainder of her life. She was 
 leader of the Society of the Faithful, a group 
 of spiritualists in Van Wert, and she fre- 
 quently lectured on spiritualism. The book 
 listed below is a collection of her lectures 
 and articles. 
 The Everlasting Gospel, Boston, 1882. 
 
 KLIPPART, JOHN HANCOCK (July 26, 
 1823-Oct. 24, 1878), was born near Canton, 
 Stark County. He attended district schools 
 until his ninth year. He worked in a wool 
 carding factory and a drugstore in Canton, 
 was a merchant in Massillon, 1840-47, and 
 was postmaster of Osnaburg, 1847-50. He 
 worked on the Democratic Transcript in 
 Canton and was editor of the American 
 Liberal in Cleveland. He then joined the 
 editorial staff of the Ohio Farmer, where he 
 remained until Dec, 1856, when he became 
 corresponding secretary of the Ohio State 
 Board of Agriculture, a position he held 
 until his death. Possessed of a broad range 
 of interests, a deep-seated understanding of 
 the farmer's problems, and an imagination 
 which often led to their solutions, Klippart 
 enriched his annual reports of the board with 
 authoritative, comprehensive essays on nat- 
 
Knaggs 
 
 364 
 
 ural history and agricultural subjects. The 21 
 volumes of those reports are today prized 
 as authoritative sources on the subjects cov- 
 ered. Editions in German were printed which 
 encouraged emigration to western Ohio. In 
 1873 he was appointed one of three Com- 
 missioners of Fisheries. His first report of 
 that commission is a volume which is today 
 sought after by discriminating collectors of 
 books on fishing. He also published a trans- 
 lation of Voltaire's Zadig. His death oc- 
 curred in Columous. 
 
 The Wheat Plant . . . , Cincinnati, 1860. 
 Theory and Practice of Land Drainage . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1861. 
 
 KNAGGS, NELSON S. (March 31. 1907- 
 ), born in Hagerstown, Md., an execu- 
 tive of Hilton Davis Chemical Co.. has lived 
 in Cincinnati for more than 25 years. He has 
 published a history of the uses of natural 
 waxes: Adventures in Man's First Plastic 
 . . . , New York, 1947. 
 
 KNAUSS, WILLIAM H. (March 10, 1839- 
 Jan. 18, 1917). was born in New Jersey. 
 Before coming to Columbus in 1892, he was 
 active in real estate and contracting in Mis- 
 souri and Utah. His practice of presenting 
 American flags to schools and other groups 
 received considerable publicity. He died in 
 Columbus. He wrote The Stoiy of Camp 
 Chase . . . , Nashville, Tenn., 1906. 
 
 KNEBEL, AARON G. (Sept. 15, 1874-April 
 22, 1938), Y.M.C.A. worker for 44 years, 
 was born in Mankato, Minn., and grew up 
 in Waco, Texas. At the time of his death he 
 was general secretary of the Cleveland 
 Y.M.C.A. He published an autobiography, 
 Four Decades with Men and Boys, New 
 York, 1936. 
 
 KNIGHT, GEORGE WELLS (June 25, 1858- 
 Feb. 10, 1932), educator, was born in Ann 
 Arbor, Mich. He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan (A.B., 1878; Ph.D., 
 1884). After teaching history for a year at 
 the University of Michigan, he became pro- 
 fessor of history and English literature at 
 Ohio State University in 1885. He was on 
 the University staff until 1920 and was man- 
 aging editor of the Ohio Archaeological and 
 Historical Quarterly, 1887-89. He wrote a 
 number of reports and contributed many 
 articles on educational problems to profes- 
 sional journals. His death occurred in 
 Columbus. 
 
 The Government of the People of the State 
 of Ohio, Philadelphia, 1895. 
 
 KNIGHT, RUTH ADAMS (Mrs. Dickson Jay 
 Hartwell) (Oct. 5, 1898- ), was born in 
 Defiance, Defiance County. She attended the 
 University of Toledo and in 1918 began 
 working on the Toledo Times, where she 
 became dramatic and literary editor. In 
 1930 she moved to New York, and she now 
 lives in Connecticut. She has written numer- 
 ous radio scripts and several books, includ- 
 ing a novel, Women Must Weep, [Boston, 
 1941]. WWAW 1 
 
 KNIGHT, THOMAS ARTHUR (Feb. 24, 
 1876-June 17, 1946), was born in Toronto. 
 Ontario. Canada, but grew up in Cleveland, 
 where his parents moved in 1877. He was 
 on the staff of the Cleveland Leader and 
 later was in the real-estate business in Cleve- 
 land and Brecksville. For many years he 
 was active in the Early Settlers Association 
 of the Western Reserve. He wrote several 
 books and articles on historical subjects and 
 as a young man published The Country 
 Estates of Cleveland Men . . . , [Cleveland], 
 1903. 
 
 KNEPPER, MAMIE C. (Mrs. Russell M.) 
 (May 26, 1884— ), was born in Ironton, 
 Lawrence County, but has lived for a num- 
 ber of years in Columbus. She has published 
 poems in various newspapers and magazines 
 and in 1944 published a collection: Life Is a 
 Mirror, Columbus, [1944]. BDCP 
 
 KNIGHT, CHARLES LANDON (June 18, 
 1867-Sept. 26, 1933), journalist, was born 
 in Milledgeville, Ga. He graduated from 
 Columbia University in 1889, and after 
 working on several newspapers and maga- 
 zines, he became editor of the Akron 
 Beacon-Journal in 1904 and remained with 
 that newspaper until his death. He wrote The 
 Real Jefferson Davis, Battle Creek, Mich., 
 1904. OBB 
 
 KNITTLE, RHEA MANSFIELD (June 4, 
 1883-Nov. 16, 1955), was born in Cleve- 
 land. Cuyahoga County. She spent most of 
 her life in Ashland and West Salem. Besides 
 numerous articles on antiques and pioneer 
 life, she published an authoritative work, 
 Earlv American Glass, New York, [1927]. 
 WO 2 
 
 KNOBLE, CLIFF (1892- ), was born in 
 Lafayette, Allen County. After attending 
 Ohio Northern University, he moved to 
 Detroit, Mich. He wrote His Own People, 
 Chicago, [1940]. 
 
 KNOPF, CARL SUMNER (Sept. 20, 1889- 
 June 23, 1942), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County. 
 
365 
 
 Kohr 
 
 He graduated from the University of 
 Southern California in 1913 and Yale Divin- 
 ity School in 1915. He taught in California 
 schools, was secretary of the Methodist 
 Church in that state, and served on the 
 University of Southern California faculty, 
 1922-41. In 1941 he was appointed president 
 of Willamette University, Salem, Oreg. He 
 wrote many articles and several religious 
 textbooks and also published a series of lec- 
 tures: The Student Faces Life .... Phila- 
 delphia, [1932], WWW 2 
 
 KNORTZ, KARL (Aug. 28, 1841-1918), edu- 
 cator and journalist, was born in Garben- 
 heim. Germany. After coming to the United 
 States in 1863, he taught school in several 
 cities, including Cincinnati. From May. 
 1873, to Feb., 1874, he edited Der Deutsche 
 Pionier. His attempt to make the journal pri- 
 marily a literary one failed, and he moved 
 to Indianapolis. Ind., where he edited a 
 newspaper. He later was a journalist in New 
 York and a teacher in Evansville. Ind. He 
 translated the verse of Longfellow. Whit- 
 man, and other poets into German and wrote 
 extensively on the Indian, American history, 
 and literature, e.g.. Geschichte der Nord- 
 amerikanischen Literatur, Berlin. 1891. 
 
 KNOWLES, WILLIAM (1806-April 28, 
 1889). was born in England, but came to 
 America as a boy and settled in Homer, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. He 
 supported his large family by making brooms 
 and also was sexton of the Homer Presby- 
 terian church. Many of his poems first ap- 
 peared in the Toledo Blade. The most 
 attention was attracted by "'Betsy and I Are 
 One," but '"When My Ship Comes Home" 
 was also very popular. 
 Poems, Indianapolis. 1881. 
 
 KNOWLTON, DONALD SNOW (Nov. 22, 
 1892- ). public relations executive, was 
 born in Cleveland. Cuyahoga County. He 
 graduated from Western Reserve University 
 in 1914. was on the public relations staff of 
 Union Trust Company, and is now a partner 
 in Hill and Knowlton. He has published 
 stories and articles in the Atlantic Monthly, 
 Harper's and other national magazines and 
 has also written These Bankers, New York, 
 1925. and a privately printed book recalling 
 memories of his boyhood in Cleveland: 
 Brick House Stories, Cleveland. 1936. 
 
 KNOWLTON, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS (May 
 16. 1838-Nov. 10. 1933). physician, was 
 born in North Royalton. Cuyahoga County. 
 After attending Twinsburg Academy and 
 University of Wooster, he studied medicine 
 
 with a Berea doctor. He practiced in Brecks- 
 ville and Cleveland. His wife, Fannie Snow 
 Knowlton. who died in 1926, was widely 
 known as a composer. He died at the age of 
 95 in Cuyahoga Falls. His writings were com- 
 piled by Marion Wilcox and Bernice B. 
 Knowlton: Life, Letters and Speeches . . . , 
 2 vols., Cleveland. 1938. 
 
 KOCH. FELIX JOHN (Jan. 15, 1882-Dec. 
 
 27, 1933). writer and photographer, was 
 born in Cincinnati. Hamilton County. In 
 1904 he graduated from the University cf 
 Cincinnati. He published many feature 
 stories illustrated by his own photographs 
 and a number of travel books, e.g., A Little 
 Journey to Northern Wilds, Chicago, [1908]. 
 
 www'i 
 
 KOCH, KATHARINE ISAREL (Jan. 7, 
 1898- ). educator, was born in Green- 
 
 ville, Darke County. She has taught in In- 
 diana public schools since 1915. She gradu- 
 ated from the University of Chicago in 1937. 
 She has written stories for children's maga- 
 zines, a series of English textbooks, and a 
 book for children: Katie Meets Buffalo Bill, 
 New York, [1947], WW AW 1 
 
 KOHLER, JLLILLY HOUSE (Oct. 18. 1908- 
 ), was born in Cincinnati. Hamilton 
 County. She graduated from Wellesley Col- 
 lege in 1930. married John Michael Kohler 
 in 1933. and has since lived in Kohler, Wis. 
 She has written a number of books for chil- 
 dren, e.g.. Farmer Collins, Chicago, [1947]. 
 WW AW 1 
 
 KOHLER, KALFMANN (May 10. 1943-Jan. 
 
 28, 1926). rabbi, was born in Bavaria. A 
 leader of reform Judaism in America, he had 
 a distinguished career as rabbi and scholar 
 in Detroit. Chicago, and New York before 
 coming to Cincinnati in 1903 as president of 
 Hebrew Union College. On his retirement in 
 1921. he returned to New York, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life. An industri- 
 ous scholar and a prolific writer, he wrote 
 many books and articles. One of the most 
 important (first published in German in 
 1910) is Jewish Theology Systematically and 
 Historically Considered, New York, 1918. 
 DAB 10 
 
 KOHR. HERBERT O. (Aug. 24. 1875- ), 
 was born in Winfield. Tuscarawas County. 
 In 1896 at Fort Logan. Colo., he enlisted 
 in the army: he was discharged in 1902 
 after serving in the Philippines and China. 
 Soon after his discharge, while working as 
 a construction foreman in Iowa, he lost his 
 right arm and was blinded by a premature 
 
Kolbe 
 
 366 
 
 dynamite explosion. He now lives in Mount 
 Vernon. He has written two books about 
 his army experiences, e.g., Around the 
 World with Uncle Sam; Or, Six Years in 
 the United States Army, Akron, 1907. 
 
 KOLBE, PARKE REXFORD (April 23, 
 1881-Feb. 28, 1942), educator, was born 
 in Akron, Summit County. He graduated 
 from Buchtel College in 1901 and the Uni- 
 versity of Heidelberg (Ph.D.) in 1912. He 
 was associated with Buchtel College as pro- 
 fessor and president, 1905-25, and after- 
 ward served at other universities. Besides 
 compiling a history of the University of 
 Akron, he wrote on educational subjects, e.g., 
 Urban Influences on Higher Education in 
 England and the United States, [New York, 
 1928]. WWW 2 
 
 KONOPAK, FARONA (Sept. 2, 1895- ), 
 born in Philadelphia, Pa., lived in Toledo 
 from 1929 until 1948, when her husband, 
 Lothar T. Konopak, retired from business 
 and moved to New Mexico. She has pub- 
 lished many poems in magazines and news- 
 papers and one collection: Adobe in Sun- 
 light, New York, [1935]. 
 
 KORNFELD, JOSEPH SAUL (Feb. 12, 
 1876-June 22, 1943), rabbi, was born in 
 Austria-Hungary, but was brought to the 
 United States when a child. After graduat- 
 ing from Hebrew Union College in 1898, 
 he served as a rabbi in Arkansas and Can- 
 ada. He was rabbi of B'nai Israel Temple, 
 Columbus, 1907-21. He wrote Judaism and 
 International Peace, [Cincinnati, 193-?]. 
 WW 14 
 
 KRAMER, STELLA (1870-July 5, 1936), 
 historian, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She graduated from the University 
 of Cincinnati (A.B. and MA.) and Colum- 
 bia University (Ph.D.). Her academic spe- 
 cialty was English craft guilds. She also 
 studied at Oxford and the Sorbonne. She 
 published an analysis of higher education 
 and the elective system: A Path to Under- 
 standing, New York, 1933. 
 
 KRAPP, GEORGE PHILIP (Sept. 1, 1872- 
 April 21, 1934), eminent pioneer authority 
 on the English language in America, was 
 born in Cincinnati. Hamilton County, and 
 lived in southern Ohio until his graduation 
 from Wittenberg College, Springfield, in 
 1894. The rest of his life, except for two 
 years (1908-10) teaching English at the 
 University of Cincinnati, was spent in East- 
 ern universities, first as a graduate student 
 at Johns Hopkins and during most of his 
 life as a teacher at Columbia University. 
 
 Professor Krapp was a graduate student 
 at Johns Hopkins from 1894 to 1897, and 
 went from there immediately to Columbia 
 University, where he was a member of the 
 English department for the rest of his life, 
 except for the two years at the University 
 of Cincinnati. He earned his Ph.D. degree 
 from Johns Hopkins in 1899 and published 
 his thesis in 1900 under the title The 
 Legend of St. Patrick's Purgatory: Its Later 
 Literary History. Although he is best known 
 for his work on the American language, 
 Professor Krapp was devoted to the study 
 of early English texts. His first piece of 
 extensive scholarly research was in this 
 field, resulting in the publication in 1906 
 of his edition of Andreas and the Fates of 
 the Apostles. He planned a complete edi- 
 tion of extant Anglo-Saxon poetical texts 
 and near the end of his life finished three 
 volumes of it: The Junius Manuscript 
 (1931), The Vercelli Book (1932), and 
 The Paris Psalter and the Meters of Boe- 
 thius (1932). Professor Krapp's interest in 
 the English language, shown in his early 
 scholarly work in Anglo-Saxon, led him 
 into the study of the history of the English 
 language with the publication in 1909 of 
 Modern English: Its Growth and Present 
 Use. The application of early English texts 
 to the study of prose style led him to write 
 The Rise of English Literary Prose (1915). 
 After these general books applying his 
 great scholarship to practical application, 
 Professor Krapp's publications fall into 
 three main categories: textbooks, populari- 
 zations, and scholarly books in the field of 
 linguistics. His two best textbooks, both 
 based on considerable research, were both 
 published in 1927: A Comprehensive Guide 
 to Good English and The Knowledge of 
 English. In the field of popularizations, he 
 wrote a number of children's books with 
 such inviting titles as In Oldest England 
 (1912), Tales of True Knights (1921), 
 The Kitchen Porch (1923), and America, 
 the Great Adventure (1924). His transla- 
 tion of Chaucer's great poem, Troilus and 
 Criseyde, was a Literary Guild selection in 
 1932. The pioneer scholarly exploration of 
 the English language in America, however, 
 remains Professor Krapp's greatest contribu- 
 tion. His first book in this field, The Pro- 
 nunciation of Standard English in America 
 (1919), precedes by several years the ear- 
 liest edition of the work of another Ohio 
 pioneer in the field, John S. Kenyon. His 
 point of view, now almost universally ac- 
 cepted, was startling in 1919: "Pronuncia- 
 tion changes day by day, and dictionaries 
 soon become antiquated. The intelligent per- 
 son is one who makes his own dictionary as 
 
367 
 
 Kuechler 
 
 he goes along." A much more comprehensive 
 work, and the one Professor Krapp will be 
 remembered for, is the two-volume The 
 English Language in America (1925). In 
 view of the many publications of linguistic 
 geographers and the interest shown by the 
 monumental Dictionary of American Eng- 
 lish, Krapp's book is a pioneer work that set 
 the pace for later studies. His treatment, he 
 made plain in his preface, was not that of a 
 special plea "for a distinctive American lan- 
 guage." yet the scholarly approach to what 
 was then a new subject — the pronunciation, 
 history, vocabulary, proper names, style, 
 dictionaries, inflection, and syntax of 
 American English — was done with an au- 
 thority that is still widely respected. He be- 
 lieved that 'historical study brings Ameri- 
 can English into a closer relation to the 
 central tradition of the English language 
 than is commonly supposed to exist by 
 those who have not looked at English in 
 America from the historical and compara- 
 tive angle." He would have been surprised 
 but not shocked to see the tremendous 
 strides made since 1925 in the field of the 
 American language, in which he was a 
 worthy pioneer. 
 
 W. Powell Jones 
 
 KREHBIEL, HENRY EDWARD (March 10, 
 1854-March 20, 1923), music critic, was 
 born in Ann Arbor, Mich. He attended Cin- 
 cinnati schools and studied law there, 1872- 
 74, when he became music critic of the 
 Cincinnati Gazette. In 1880 he accepted a 
 position on the New York Tribune, which 
 he held until his death. A prolific writer, 
 especially on operatic subjects, he also com- 
 piled song collections. Several editions were 
 published of his How to Listen to Music 
 . . . , New York, 1896. 
 
 KRINGLE, KARAN. Pseud. See Emma S. 
 Booth. 
 
 KROCK. GEORGE L. (March 27, 1908- 
 Aug. 4, 1955), clergyman, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. After being 
 ordained to the priesthood of the Catholic 
 Church in 1939, he served churches in 
 Akron and other cities. He wrote a book 
 about China and the Catholic missionary- 
 effort there: Stop Killing Dragons . . . , 
 [New York. 1947]. 
 
 KROIIV WILLIAM OTTERBEIN (March 
 23, 1868-July 17, 1927), educator and 
 physician, was born in Galion, Crawford 
 County. He graduated from Western Col- 
 lege, Toledo, Iowa, in 1887 and Yale Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1889. After teaching at 
 Western Reserve University and the Uni- 
 
 versity of Illinois, he studied medicine at 
 Northwestern University, receiving his 
 M.D. in 1905. He published numerous text- 
 books in psychology and hygiene and a 
 travel book: In Borneo Jungles among the 
 Dxak Headhunters, Indianapolis, [1927]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 KRONENBERGER. LOUIS (Dec. 9, 1904- 
 ), novelist and drama critic, was born in 
 Cincinnati. Hamilton County. He attended 
 the University of Cincinnati, 1921-24, leav- 
 ing without a degree to go to New York 
 City, where he worked on the Times. He 
 held editorial positions with Boni & Live- 
 right. 1926-33, and Alfred A. Knopf, 1933- 
 35. After five years on the staff of Fortune, 
 he became drama critic for Time, a posi- 
 tion he still holds. He has edited a number 
 of anthologies and editions of eighteenth- 
 century writers. He has also written novels, 
 an analysis of contemporary society {Com- 
 pany Manners), and an account of social 
 life in eighteenth-century England: Kings 
 & Desperate Men, New York, 1942. TCA 
 
 KROUT, JOHN ALLEN (Oct. 3, 1896- ), 
 educator, was born in Tiffin, Seneca 
 County. After attending Heidelberg College 
 for three years, 1914-17, he graduated 
 from the University of Michigan in 1918 
 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1925. 
 Since 1922 he has been on the Columbia 
 faculty, as a member of the history depart- 
 ment, as dean of the graduate school, and as 
 vice-president. He has written several his- 
 tory textbooks and The Origins of Prohibi- 
 tion, New York, 1925. WW 30 
 
 KRUMBINE, MILES HENRY (Nov. 15, 
 1891- ), clergyman, born in Schaeffers- 
 vown, Pa., was ordained to the Lutheran 
 ministry in 1914 and served as pastor of 
 First Church. Dayton. 1918-26. In 1929 he 
 became a Congregationalist and was pastor 
 of Plymouth Church, Shaker Heights, 
 1929-52. He now lives in Hawaii. He has 
 published a number of sermons and books 
 on religious themes, e.g., Ways of Believing, 
 New York, 1931. WW 27 
 
 KRUMM, HAZEL SHINN (Oct. 1, 1893- 
 ), was born in St. Louis, Mo., but 
 grew up in Colorado. She lived in Cleve- 
 land, 1920-24, and since 1924 has lived in 
 Columbus. She has written stories and 
 poems for children and has published a 
 collection of verse: The Years like Foxes, 
 Columbus, 1942. 
 
 KUECHLER. OTTO (Nov. 17, 1873-Sept. 
 15. 1943). editor, born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County, spent most of his life in 
 Columbus, where he was editor of Hunter, 
 
Lacey, M. E. 
 
 368 
 
 Trader, Trapper magazine. He compiled a 
 collection of stories about coon hunting, 
 Cooning With Cooners, and wrote Practical 
 Fur Ranching, Columbus, 1927. WWNAA 
 7 
 
 KUHLMAN, JOHN HENRY (Dec. 26, 1865- 
 Oct. 15, 1946), clergyman, was born in 
 Woodville, Sandusky County. He graduated 
 from Capital University in 1886 and the 
 seminary in 1889. Ordained to the Lutheran 
 ministry, he served pastorates in Columbus, 
 Newton Falls, Middletown, Springfield, and 
 Loudonville. He wrote many pageants and 
 pantomimes for use in Sunday schools and 
 a book of poems, Stars and Angels, [Lou- 
 donville], 1923. RLA 2 
 
 KUHNS, WILLIAM T. (Nov. 11, 1866-May 
 5, 1954), was born in Bellefontaine, Logan 
 County, but grew up in Canton, where his 
 father, a Lutheran minister, moved in 1869. 
 He operated a lumber business in Balti- 
 more, Md., and in 1917 established a brok- 
 erage firm in Canton. He retired in 1940. 
 He published Memories of Old Canton and 
 My Personal Recollections of William Mc- 
 Kinley, [Canton, 1937]. 
 
 KUNNECKE, FRANCIS JOSEPH (Nov. 18, 
 1885- ), clergyman and educator, born 
 in Baltimore, Md., has lived in Ohio since 
 1898. He graduated from the University 
 of Dayton in 1906, taught in the University 
 of Dayton High School, 1906-09, studied at 
 the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, 
 1909-13, and was ordained to the Roman 
 Catholic priesthood in 1913. He taught at 
 the University of Dayton, 1913-33, Elder 
 High School, Cincinnati, 1934-36, and Our 
 Lady of Cincinnati College since 1936. He 
 has written The Way Out and the Way 
 Beyond, [Dayton, 1932]. 
 
 KUNZ, JOSEF LAURENZ (April 1, 1890- 
 ), lawyer, born in Vienna, Austria, 
 came to America in 1932 and since 1934 
 has been professor of international law at 
 the University of Toledo. He has written 
 numerous legal articles in various lan- 
 guages, legal works, and Wilson unci Clem- 
 enceau, Vienna, 1919. WW 30 
 
 KURTZ, DANIEL WEBSTER (Oct. 9, 1879- 
 Nov. 22, 1949), clergyman, was born in 
 Hartville, Stark County. He graduated from 
 Mount Union College in 1903 and Yale 
 Divinity School in 1908. He was a minister 
 of the Church of the Brethren, 1904-14, 
 and was ordained bishop in 1914. He served 
 as president of McPherson College, 1914— 
 27, and as president of Bethany Biblical 
 Seminary, 1932—37. He afterward served 
 as pastor of a church in LaVerne, Calif. 
 He wrote a number of books on religious 
 subjects, e.g., Nineteen Centuries of the 
 Christian Church, Elgin, 111., [1914]. WW 25 
 
 KYLE, LUCIE CLAIRE MILES (Nov. 13, 
 1912- ), was born in Kentucky. She at- 
 tended school and business college in Madi- 
 son, Ind. She has done secretarial work but 
 is now retired. Married to Forrest Kyle of 
 Dayton, she has lived in that city since 
 1937. Her poems have appeared in the 
 Dayton Herald and other periodicals, and 
 she has published two collections, e.g., Tim- 
 ber, Philadelphia, [1949]. 
 
 KYLE, MELVIN GROVE (May 7, 1858- 
 May 25, 1933), Presbyterian clergyman and 
 archaeologist, was born near Cadiz, Harri- 
 son County. He graduated from Mus- 
 kingum College in 1881 and Allegheny 
 Theological Seminary in 1885. He taught 
 at Xenia Theological Seminary and was its 
 president from 1922 to 1930. His explora- 
 tions in the Near East and the relation of 
 archaeology to the Old Testament are the 
 subject matter of his books, e.g., Moses and 
 the Monuments . . . , Oberlin, 1920. WWW 
 1 
 
 KYRK, HAZEL (Nov. 19, 1886-Aug. 5, 
 1957), educator, was born near Delaware, 
 Delaware County. A graduate of the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago (Ph.B., 1910; Ph.D., 
 1920), she served on several governmental 
 agencies and taught at various schools, in- 
 cluding Oberlin College, 1914-21, and the 
 University of Chicago, 1925-57. She wrote 
 numerous articles and books, e.g., Economic 
 Problems of the Family, New York, 1933. 
 WWW 3 
 
 LACEY, MARGARET ETHEL (1872-Dec. 
 16, 1948), educator, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. After graduating 
 from Hughes High School in Cincinnati, 
 
 she attended New York University (A.B., 
 1911; Ph.D., 1916). She taught in the New 
 York City schools, was a school principal, 
 and was a member of the Board of Exam- 
 
369 
 
 La Monte 
 
 iners. She died in Plattsburg, N. Y. She 
 published a volume of poems: Songs and 
 Sonnets, New York, [1940]. 
 
 LACEY, THOMAS JAMES (1870-Feb. 5, 
 1944), clergyman, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from New 
 York University and Seabury Divinity 
 School, served a church in Alameda, Calif., 
 1897-1903, and in 1903 became rector of 
 the Church of the Redeemer, Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. His death occurred in Brooklyn. He 
 published sermons and several books on 
 religious groups, e.g., Beginning at Jeru- 
 salem . . . , New York, [1909]. WWC 1 
 
 LACROIX, JOHN POWER (Feb. 20, 1833- 
 Sept. 22, 1879), clergyman and educator, 
 was born near Haverhill, Scioto County. 
 After graduating from Ohio Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity in 1857, he taught for two years in 
 New Orleans, preached in Methodist 
 churches, 1860-63, and in 1863 joined the 
 Ohio Wesleyan faculty. He wrote for a 
 number of church papers and translated 
 several works from German. 
 Outlines of Christian Ethics, New York, 
 1879. 
 
 The Doctrine of the Virtues as Applied to 
 
 Business Life . . . , Tokyo, 1907. 
 America and Japan, New York, 1908. 
 In Korea with Marquis Ito . . . , New York, 
 
 1908. 
 Knowledge, Life and Reality . . . , New 
 
 York, 1909. 
 Rare Daxs in Japan, New York, 1910. 
 What Can I Know? . . . , New York, 1914. 
 What Mav I Hope? . . . , New York, 1915. 
 What Ought I to Do? . . . , New York, 1915. 
 What Should 1 Believe? . . . , New York, 
 
 1915. 
 Secret of Personality, New York, 1918. 
 Intimate Glimpses of Life in India . . . , 
 
 Boston, [1919]. 
 
 LAIRD, HELENE REED (July 13, 1905- 
 ), born in New York City, lived in 
 Cleveland from 1906 to 1945. Before her 
 marriage to a University of Nevada pro- 
 fessor, Charlton G. Laird, she was an 
 editor for the World Publishing Company. 
 She has published a number of stories for 
 girls, e.g., Nancy Keeps House, Cleveland, 
 [1947]. 
 
 LAMAR, ASHTON. Pseud. See Harry L. Say- 
 lor. 
 
 LADD, GEORGE TRUMBULL (Jan. 19, 
 1842-Aug. 8, 1921), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Painesville, Lake County. 
 After graduating from Western Reserve 
 University in 1864, he preached in Ohio 
 and Wisconsin, but it was in the fields of 
 psychology and philosophy that he was to 
 gain enduring fame. After teaching philos- 
 ophy for a year at Bowdoin College, he 
 went to Yale University in 1880, where he 
 remained for over forty years, while he also 
 lectured on philosophy at other institutions 
 in the United States and in the Far East. 
 He was a prolific writer in a number of 
 fields, and several of his textbooks were 
 translated and adopted in Japan, Russia, and 
 India. 
 Principles of Church Policy . . . , New 
 
 York, 1882. 
 The Doctrine of Sacred Scripture . . . , 2 
 
 vols., New York, 1883. 
 What Is the Bible? . . . , New York, 1888. 
 Philosophy of Mind . . . , New York, 1895. 
 Philosophy of Knowledge . . . , New York, 
 
 1897. 
 Essays of the Higher Education, New York, 
 
 1899. 
 A Theory of Reality . . . , New York, 1899. 
 Philosophy of Conduct . . . , New York, 
 
 1902. 
 The Philosophy of Religion . . . , New 
 
 York, 1905. 
 
 LAMBORN, LEVI LESLIE (Oct. 10, 1829- 
 June 14, 1910), physician, born in Chester 
 County, Pa., of Quaker parents, was 
 brought to Salem, Columbiana County, 
 when he was eight years old. After reading 
 medicine with a Damascus physician, he 
 graduated from Western Reserve College 
 in 1849. He practiced medicine in Mount 
 Union for fifteen years and in Alliance for 
 ihree before retiring to devote himself to 
 real estate, banking, and publishing the 
 Alliance Ledger. In the 1870s he imported 
 carnations and raised them as a hobby. In 
 the election of 1876 he ran for Congress 
 against William McKinley; his practice of 
 presenting a boutonniere to McKinley 
 whenever they met was, according to Al- 
 liance tradition, the origin of the future 
 President's preference for that flower. 
 Carnation Culture . . . , Alliance, 1887. 
 
 LAMME, BENJAMIN GARVER (Jan. 12, 
 1864-July 8, 1924), electrical engineer, 
 was born in Clark County. As chief engi- 
 neer for Westinghouse, he pioneered many 
 advances in the field of electricity. His auto- 
 biography was published posthumously: 
 Benjamin Garver Lammc, Electrical Engi- 
 neer, New York, 1926. DAB 10 
 
 LA MONTE, JOHN LIFE (Oct. 10, 1902- 
 Oct. 2, 1949), educator, was born in Co- 
 
La Moore 
 
 370 
 
 lumbus, Franklin County. He graduated 
 from Ohio State University in 1922 and 
 Harvard University (Ph.D.) in 1924. He 
 taught at several universities, including the 
 University of Cincinnati, 1931-40, and the 
 University of Pennsylvania, 1940-49. A 
 specialist in medieval history, he published 
 a number of articles and books in the field, 
 e.g., The World of the Middle Ages . . . , 
 New York, [1949]. WWW 3 
 
 LA MOORE, PARKER (1897-Nov. 12, 
 1954), journalist, was born in Jamestown, 
 N. Dak. After serving in World War I, 
 he worked on newspapers in North Dakota 
 and Oklahoma. He was associate editor of 
 the Akron Times-Press, 1932-34, and after- 
 ward was editor of the Columbus bureau 
 of Scripps-Howard Ohio newspapers. He 
 died in Washington, D. C. He wrote a 
 biography: "Pat" Hurley, the Story of an 
 American, New York, 1932. 
 
 LAMOTT, JOHN HENRY (May 4, 1888- 
 Feb. 15, 1960), clergyman, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He studied 
 at Mt. St. Mary's-of-the-West, Norwood; 
 American College, Rome, Italy; and Lou- 
 vain, Belgium. After being ordained to the 
 Roman Catholic priesthood in 1912, he 
 taught at Mt. St. Mary's, and from 1923 
 until his death in Miami, Fla., he was pas- 
 tor of Guardian Angels Church, Cincinnati. 
 He wrote History of the Archdiocese of 
 Cincinnati, 1821-1921, New York, 1921. 
 
 LAMPRECHT, STERLING POWER (Jan. 8, 
 1890- ), educator, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He graduated 
 from Williams College in 1911, Union 
 Theological Seminary in 1915, and Colum- 
 bia University (Ph.D.) in 1918. He taught 
 philosophy at Columbia University, Uni- 
 versity of Illinois, and Amherst College 
 until his retirement in 1956. He now lives 
 in Peacham, Vt. He has edited philosophi- 
 cal works, written numerous professional 
 articles, and published several books, e.g., 
 Our Religious Traditions, Cambridge, 
 [Mass.], 1950. WW 29 
 
 LAMPSON, EDWARD CHESTER (Oct. 3, 
 1876-Nov. 10, 1957), journalist, was born 
 in Hartsgrove, Ashtabula County. For 62 
 years he worked on the Jefferson Gazette, 
 serving much of that time as editor. His 
 numerous pamphlets include A Real Cuya- 
 hoga Pioneer . . . , [Jefferson, 1927]. 
 
 LAMPTON, WILLIAM JAMES (1851-May 
 30, 1917), journalist, was born at Union 
 Furnace, Lawrence County. He was edu- 
 cated in Kentucky schools and later at- 
 
 tended Ohio Wesleyan University and 
 Marietta College. He edited his own news- 
 paper, the Weekly Review, at Ashland, Ky., 
 1877-78. Later he became a reporter on 
 the Cincinnati Times and the Steubenville 
 Herald. He also worked on the Evening 
 Star, Washington, D. C, and the Louisville, 
 Ky., Courier Journal. For a time he was 
 part-owner and editor of the Merchant 
 Traveller in Cincinnati. While he was with 
 the Washington Star in 1890, he wrote his 
 first "yawp" or vers libre. It was promptly 
 rejected by the editor of the Star, and he 
 sent it to Charles A. Dana, who published 
 it in the New York Sun without editing, 
 and Lampton had the satisfaction of seeing 
 it copied in newspapers from coast to coast. 
 He became known as a contributor of sa- 
 tirical verse on current topics to the New 
 York daily newspapers, and many of his 
 articles and poems appeared in popular 
 magazines. The date of his first book, Mrs. 
 Brown's Opinions, is usually given as 1886; 
 however, it was mentioned as a successful 
 book in the Cincinnati Graphic of June 3, 
 1885. He died in New York City. 
 Mrs. Brown's Opinions, [Cincinnati?, 
 
 1885?]. 
 Yawps, and Other Things, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1900]. 
 The Confessions of a Husband . . . , New 
 
 York, [1903]. 
 The Trolley Car and the Lady . . . , Boston, 
 
 1908. 
 Tame Animals I Have Known, with Apolo- 
 gies to Such Wild Animals as May Feel 
 Aggrieved by Comparison . . . , New 
 York, 1912. 
 
 LAMSON, PEGGY FRIEDLANDER (Feb. 
 19, 1912- ), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County, and lived there until 
 1933, when she married Roy Lamson, now 
 a professor of English at Massachusetts In- 
 stitute of Technology. She now lives in 
 Cambridge, Mass. She has written several 
 plays for the theater and television, articles 
 and feature stories for magazines and news- 
 papers, and a novel about a New England 
 college: The Charmed Circle, Philadelphia, 
 [1950]. 
 
 LANDIS, FREDERICK (Aug. 18, 1872- 
 Nov. 15, 1934), lawyer, editor, and con- 
 gressman, was born in Seven Mile, Butler 
 County, but resided throughout his adult 
 life in Indiana. After graduating in law 
 from the University of Michigan in 1895, 
 he practiced in Indiana; he also served 
 in the 58th and 59th Congresses. His writ- 
 ings include The Angel of Lonesome Hill: 
 A Story of a President, [New York, 1910]. 
 WWW 1 
 
371 
 
 Lang 
 
 LANDIS, JOSIAH PENNABECKER (Oct. 
 27, 1843-Oct. 17, 1937), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Brickerville, Pa. 
 After graduating from Otterbein University 
 in 1869, he spent two years at Wayne Theo- 
 logical Seminary and was ordained to the 
 United Brethren ministry in 1871. He 
 served in several Ohio churches and was 
 a member of the faculty of Bonebrake 
 Theological Seminary, Dayton, from 1877 
 until his death; he served as president, 
 1909-21. He wrote The Holy Trinity, Day- 
 ton, 1902. 
 
 LANDSBERGER, FRANZ (June 4, 1883- 
 ), educator, born in Kattowitz, Ger- 
 many, came to Cincinnati in 1939, a refu- 
 gee from Nazi Germany. He was educated 
 in European universities and was a profes- 
 sor and museum director in Germany until 
 1939. He was research professor and lec- 
 turer at Hebrew Union College and curator 
 of the Jewish Museum there, 1948-58. He 
 is now retired and lives in Cincinnati. Since 
 coming to Ohio he has written A History of 
 Jewish Art, Cincinnati, 1946. DAS 3 
 
 LANE, ETTA FREEMAN (Aug. 23, 1868- 
 Nov. 11, 1945), educator, was born near 
 Lilly Chapel, Madison County. She attended 
 Ohio Northern University, after which she 
 taught school for eight years. In 1895, after 
 her marriage to Dr. L. S. Lane, she settled 
 in Plain City. She was an active temperance 
 worker and wrote The Brownies' Banquet 
 or Carnival . . . , [Plain City?, 1909]. 
 
 LANE, LUMAN (Oct. 30, 1796-April 17, 
 1879), was born in Killingworth, Conn. He 
 settled in Twinsburg in 1820. His volume 
 of local history, written in collaboration 
 with Ethan Ailing (q.v. ), provides a super- 
 lative account of pioneer life in the Western 
 Reserve. 
 Locust Grove Cemetery. Twinsburgh, from 
 
 1817, by Ethan Ailing, and from 1820, 
 
 by Luman Lane, Akron, 1861. 
 
 LANE, SAMUEL ALANSON (June 29, 1815- 
 June 16, 1905), was born in Suffield, Conn. 
 His father, who trained him as a carriage- 
 painter, died when Samuel was thirteen. 
 Shortly after that, Sam got a job as a clerk 
 in a store in South Lee, Mass. Then for a 
 time he was a book salesman for Good- 
 rich's History, traveling in South Carolina 
 and Georgia. By 1834 he was learning 
 something of writing, editing, and printing 
 as a clerk and assistant editor of the 
 Southern Spy. Lane was restless and we 
 find him working his way to Mobile and 
 New Orleans, but he found nothing to hold 
 
 his interest. He fared no better in Louis- 
 ville or Cincinnati. He then determined to 
 visit "New Connecticut," as the Western 
 Reserve in Ohio was called in those days. 
 He had a friend named Squire Artemus W. 
 Stocking, who lived in the village of Aurora, 
 Portage County. After a short stay there, 
 Lane decided to try his luck in Akron. 
 Akron in 1835 was a bustling community 
 on the Ohio Canal. It was just ten years 
 old. Lane made silhouettes, painted scenery, 
 and '"variously served as hotel clerk, bar- 
 tender, house-painter and school-teacher." 
 In Sept., 1837, he started a small semi- 
 monthly paper called the Akron Buzzard. 
 The object of the paper was to expose the 
 "blacklegism and other crookedness" then 
 so prevalent in Akron and neighboring vil- 
 lages along the Canal. Sam was threatened 
 and beaten, and had one nearly fatal en- 
 counter. In the spring of 1839, owing to fears 
 of personal violence "to myself naturally in- 
 dulged in by my young wife and the desire 
 of my brother that I should join him in 
 business, the Buzzard was discontinued." 
 In 1843 he became a temperance lecturer, 
 and within a year had started a temperance 
 paper called the Cascade Roarer. This 
 lasted about two years. In 1850 Lane joined 
 the cavalcade of Akronites across the conti- 
 nent to California in search of gold. Chap- 
 ter 55 of his History deals with this episode. 
 The forty-page account is a classic in itself, 
 replete with adventure and detail of the 
 many difficulties encountered on such a 
 trip. He saw "buffaloes by the million," had 
 fever, experienced storms and pestilence. 
 He gives a graphic account of crossing the 
 Sierra Nevadas, and his picture of life in 
 California in those days is a real contribu- 
 tion. In Sept., 1852, he sailed for home via 
 Panama. Back in Akron Lane entered poli- 
 tics, serving in minor offices until 1856, 
 when the Republican Party was organized 
 and he was elected sheriff. He was re- 
 elected in 1858 for four years. When he re- 
 tired in 1861, Governor William Dennison 
 offered him the post as probate judge but 
 he declined. Lane then acquired a one-third 
 interest in the Beacon, which burned in 
 1872, and he lost everything. In 1875 "after 
 nearly fifteen years of the very hardest 
 work of my life," he retired, but not for 
 long because he was re-elected sheriff in 
 1878; and in 1881-83 he served a term as 
 mayor. He died in Akron at the age of 89. 
 
 William D. Overman 
 Fifty Years and Over of Akron and Sum- 
 mit County, Akron, 1892. 
 
 LANG, WILLIAM (Dec. 14, 1815-Jan. 21, 
 1893), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 
Langenwalter 
 
 372 
 
 Sipperfield, Germany. In 1833 his family 
 settled in Tiffin, where he later read law 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1842. He 
 practiced in Tiffin and held a variety of city 
 and county posts. He was judge of probate 
 court, 1850-55. 
 
 History of Seneca County . . . , Springfield, 
 1880. 
 
 LANGENWALTER, JACOB HERMANN 
 
 (Jan. 12, 1877- ), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Halstead, Kan. He 
 graduated from Baldwin-Wallace College 
 in 1904 and Oberlin Seminary in 1910, was 
 ordained to the ministry of the Mennonite 
 Church in 1902, and served as dean of 
 Bluffton Seminary, 1914-19. He is now 
 living in North Newton, Kan. His writings 
 include Christ's Headship of the Church 
 According to Anabaptist Leaders, Whose 
 Followers Became Mennonites, [Berne, 
 Ind., 1917]. RLA 2 
 
 LANGLOIS, MARINA HOLMES. See Thomas 
 H. Langlois. 
 
 LANGLOIS, THOMAS HUXLEY (Feb. 19, 
 1898- ), scientist, born in Detroit, Mich., 
 has lived in Ohio since 1930. He was chief 
 of fish management and propagation for 
 the State Division of Conservation and Nat- 
 ural Resources, 1930-46; and since 1936 
 he has been on the zoology faculty of Ohio 
 State University. Since 1954 he has been 
 director of the Institute of Hydrobiology 
 at Put-in-Bay. His wife, Marina Holmes 
 Langlois (Aug. 17, 1895- ), born in 
 Bristol, Conn., has collaborated with him 
 in writing many articles and books, e.g., 
 South Bass Island and Islanders, [Colum- 
 bus], 1948. AMS 9 
 
 LANGSTON, JOHN MERCER (Dec. 14, 
 1829-Nov. 15, 1897), lawyer and educator, 
 was born in Louisa County, Va. His mother 
 was Lucy Langston, the favorite slave of 
 Ralph Quarles, by whom she bore three 
 sons. Both parents died in 1834. Quarles 
 made liberal provisions in his will for his 
 three sons. Langston came to live with his 
 father's old friend, William D. Gooch, in 
 Chillicothe. After spending two years in a 
 private school in Cincinnati, he graduated 
 from Oberlin in 1849 and the theological 
 department in 1854. He read law under 
 Philomon Bliss of Elyria and was admitted 
 to the bar in Sept., 1854. He was elected 
 clerk of Brownhelm Township in 1855, the 
 first Negro to be chosen to an elective office 
 in the United States. In 1869 he became 
 professor of law at Howard University, 
 where he also served as dean, 1869-76. He 
 was U. S. minister and consul general in 
 
 Haiti from 1877 to 1885. He became presi- 
 dent of Virginia Normal and Collegiate In- 
 stitute at Petersburg, Va., in 1885. In 1888 
 he was the Republican nominee for Con- 
 gress, and following a contest he was 
 seated by the House in 1890. An unsuccess- 
 ful candidate for re-election, he retired to 
 his home in Washington, D. C. He was the 
 author of numerous articles on a wide 
 range of subjects in addition to a volume 
 of his speeches, Freedom and Citizenship, 
 and his dramatic autobiography, From the 
 Virginia Plantation to the National Capital. 
 His death occurred in Washington, D. C 
 Freedom and Citizenship . . . , Washington, 
 
 D. C, 1883. 
 From the Virginia Plantation to the Na- 
 tional Capital, or the First and Only 
 Negro Representative in Congress from 
 the Old Dominion, Hartford, Conn., 
 1894. 
 
 LANING, JAY FORD (May 15, 1853-Sept. 
 1, 1941), was born in New London, Huron 
 County. He attended Baldwin University, 
 read law, and in 1875 was admitted to the 
 bar. He practiced in Norwalk until 1885, 
 when he entered the publishing business. 
 He thereafter wrote a number of legal 
 works and textbooks, covering such sub- 
 jects as arithmetic, shorthand, and history. 
 He served in the Ohio senate and in the 
 60th Congress. 
 
 Coin's Financial School Exposed and 
 Closed . . . , Norwalk, [1895]. 
 
 LANKENAU, FRANCIS JAMES (April 26, 
 1868-July 15, 1939), clergyman, born in 
 Fort Wayne, Ind., served Lutheran churches 
 in New Orleans, 1891-1908, and was presi- 
 dent of Luther College, 1902-08. From 
 1908 until his death he was a pastor in 
 Napoleon. He published books on mission 
 work and other religious topics, sermons, 
 and Occasional Addresses, St. Louis, Mo., 
 1941. WWC 1 
 
 LANMAN, CHARLES (June 14, 1819-March 
 4, 1895), artist, explorer, and writer, born 
 in Monroe, Mich., lived in Cincinnati while 
 editing the Cincinnati Chronicle, 1846-47. 
 A gifted man of varied talents, he published 
 numerous magazine articles and books, e.g., 
 A Summer in the Wilderness . . . , New 
 York, 1847. 
 
 LAPHAM, INCREASE ALLEN (March 7, 
 1811-Sept. 14, 1875), was born in Palmyra, 
 N. Y., and spent most of his mature life 
 in Wisconsin. He was, however, in Ports- 
 mouth, 1830-33, working on the canal. His 
 report on canals won him a position as sec- 
 
373 
 
 Latourette 
 
 retary of the state Canal Commission, and 
 he spent the next two years in Columbus. 
 Though offered a position on the Ohio 
 Geological Survey, he went to Milwaukee 
 in 1836. He published a number of distin- 
 guished scientific works, e.g., A Geographical 
 and Topographical Description of Wiscon- 
 sin . . . , Milwaukee, 1844. 
 
 LAPIUS, S. Q. Pseud. See James B. Naylor. 
 
 LARKIN, BARBARA WEBB. See Barbara 
 Webb. 
 
 LARKIN, STILLMAN CARTER (March 9, 
 1808-Jan., 1898), was born in Meigs 
 County and spent his life on the family 
 farm homestead. Ten years after his death 
 his niece, Emeline Larkin Bicknell (q.v.), 
 revised and published his county history, 
 The Pioneer History of Meigs County, Co- 
 lumbus, 1908. 
 
 LARRABEE, WILLIAM CLARK (Dec. 23, 
 1802-May 5, 1859), Methodist clergyman 
 and educator, born and reared in Maine, 
 edited the Ladies' Repository in Cincinnati 
 in 1852. He resigned when elected super- 
 intendent of public instruction in Indiana. 
 A collection of his essays from the Reposi- 
 tory was published: Rosabower: A Collec- 
 tion of Essays and Miscellanies, Cincinnati, 
 1855. 
 
 LARSEN, ELLOUISE BAKER (July 14, 
 1877- ), was born in Dennis Port, Cape 
 Cod, Mass., but has lived for many years 
 in Lima. She has written short stories and 
 lectured widely, is best known for her de- 
 finitive American Historical Views of Staf- 
 fordshire China, [New York, 1939]. WW 
 30 
 
 LARSON, ALICE, was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County. She attended the schools of Toledo 
 and Oakland, Calif. In 1940 she was living 
 in San Francisco. She published a book of 
 poems: Fog Horn and Gull Cry, [San Fran- 
 cisco, 1936]. BDCP 
 
 LASHER, GEORGE WILLIAM (June 24, 
 1831-Feb. 22, 1920), clergyman, was born 
 in Duanesburg, N. Y. He graduated from 
 Colgate University in 1857 and Hamilton 
 Theological Seminary in 1859. Ordained to 
 the Baptist ministry in 1859, he served 
 churches in New England and New York 
 State before coming to Cincinnati in 1876, 
 where he edited the Journal and Messenger. 
 He died in Cincinnati. 
 
 Indebtedness of the World to Baptists for 
 the Maintenance of a Pure Gospel, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1891. 
 
 Story of Diaz, Cincinnati, 1894. 
 
 Theology for Plain People, Cincinnati, 
 
 1906. 
 
 LATCHAW, JOHN ROLAND HARRIS 
 
 (Sept. 7, 1851-April 8, 1928), clergyman 
 and educator, born in Venango County, Pa., 
 was ordained to the ministry of the Chris- 
 tian Church in 1878. He graduated from 
 Hillsdale College in 1881. He was president 
 of Findlay College, 1884-93, was pastor of 
 a Baptist church, Zanesville, 1893-95, and 
 was president of Defiance College, 1896— 
 1902, during which period he was also 
 pastor of the Defiance Christian Assembly. 
 He published and edited the Truth Seeker, 
 compiled textbooks, and wrote The Bride 
 Unveiled; Or, the Book of Revelation 
 Made Plain, Muskegon, Mich., [1915]. 
 
 LATHBURY, CLARENCE (Jan. 21, 1854- 
 Nov. 10, 1939), clergyman, was born in 
 Manchester, N. Y. After attending Lodi 
 Academy and Oberlin College, he was or- 
 dained a Methodist minister in 1887. In 
 1891, after graduating from the New 
 Church Theological School, Cambridge, 
 Mass., he became a minister of the Church 
 of the New Jerusalem. He served churches 
 in Massachusetts and New York, and was at 
 the Church of the Holy City, Cleveland, 
 1917-32. 
 
 God Winning Us, New York, [1898]. 
 A Little Lower Than the Angels, New 
 
 York, [1901]. 
 The Code of Joy, Germantown, Pa., 1902. 
 The Being with the Upturned Face, New 
 
 York, 1903. 
 The Balanced Life, New York, 1905. 
 The Great Morning, Minneapolis, 1911. 
 
 LATHROP, LORIN ANDREWS (1858-Jan. 
 19, 1929), diplomat, was born in Gambier, 
 Knox County. After working as a news- 
 paperman in San Francisco, he was ap- 
 pointed U. S. consul at Bristol, England; 
 he later served in Cardiff, Wales, and Nas- 
 sau, Bahama Islands. Under the pen name 
 Kenyon Gambier, he published stories and 
 novels, e.g.. The Girl on the Hilltop, New 
 York, [1920]. He published numerous ar- 
 ticles in British newspapers under the pen 
 name Andrew Loring and also used that 
 name for The Rhymers' Lexicon, New 
 York, [1905]. 
 
 LATOURETTE, KENNETH SCOTT (Aug. 
 9, 1884- ), Baptist clergyman and edu- 
 cator, born in Oregon, served on the fac- 
 ulty of Denison University, 1916-21, and 
 resigned to join the faculty of Yale Uni- 
 
Latta 
 
 374 
 
 versity. He has written a number of books 
 on Asia and the missionary efforts there, 
 e.g., The Development of China, Boston, 
 1917. WW 30 
 
 LATTA, SAMUEL ARMINIUS (April 8, 
 1804-Oct. 28, 1852), physician and clergy- 
 man, was born in Muskingum County. He 
 studied medicine, was licensed, and prac- 
 ticed for three years, during which time he 
 read theology. He became a local preacher 
 in the Methodist Church and for several 
 years practiced both professions. He gave 
 up church work in 1840 and moved to 
 Cincinnati, where he devoted his entire 
 time to the practice of medicine. There his 
 fight against homeopathy won for him a 
 national reputation. After his death the 
 Cincinnati Medical Society held a public 
 memorial meeting for this remarkably ver- 
 satile man. 
 
 Chain of Sacred Wonders, Cincinnati, 1849. 
 The Cholera in Cincinnati: Or, a Connected 
 View of the Controversy between the 
 Homeopathists and the Methodist Ex- 
 positor . . . , Cincinnati, 1850. 
 
 LAUGHLIN, JAMES LAURENCE (April 2, 
 1850-Nov. 28, 1933), educator, was born 
 in Deerfield, Portage County. He attended 
 Mount Union College for a time before 
 transferring to Harvard University (A.B., 
 1873; Ph.D., 1876). He taught political 
 economy at Harvard, 1878-88, Cornell 
 University, 1890-92, and the University of 
 Chicago, 1892-1916. After his retirement 
 he lived in Jaffrey, N. H. He wrote several 
 influential studies of money and credit and 
 numerous textbooks and monographs not 
 listed below. 
 The History of Bimetallism in the United 
 
 States, New York, 1886. 
 Facts about Money . . . , Chicago, [1895]. 
 The Principles of Money, New York, 1903. 
 Reciprocity, (with H. Parker Willis), New 
 
 York, [1903], 
 Industrial America; Berlin Lectures of 
 
 1906, New York, 1906. 
 Latter-day Problems, New York, 1909. 
 Suggestions for Banking Reform, Chicago, 
 
 [1911]. 
 Credit of the Nations; A Study of the 
 
 European War, New York, 1918. 
 Money and Prices, New York, 1919. 
 A National Reserve Association and the 
 
 Movement of Cotton in the South, Chi- 
 cago, [191-?]. 
 Banking Progress, New York, 1920. 
 A New Exposition of Money, Credit and 
 
 Prices, 2 vols., Chicago, [1931]. 
 
 The Federal Reserve Act, Its Origin and 
 Problems, New York, 1933. 
 
 LAW ALL, IRENE. See Irene L. Dornblaser. 
 
 LAWRANCE, HAROLD GAINES (May 21, 
 1882- ), educator, was born in Toledo, 
 Lucas County. He graduated from Oberlin 
 College and did graduate work at the Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota. He has taught at 
 several universities, including Stetson Uni- 
 versity, Winona College, and the Univer- 
 sity of Tennessee. He now lives in Knox- 
 ville, Tenn. He has worked on the Toledo 
 Blade, the Cleveland Leader, and other 
 newspapers, has written numerous news- 
 paper articles and stories for young people, 
 and a biography of his father: Marion Law- 
 rence; A Memorial Biography . . . , New 
 York, [1925]. WWNAA 3 
 
 LAWRANCE, URIAH MARION (Oct. 2, 
 1850-May 1, 1924), Sunday school worker, 
 was born in Winchester, Adams County. 
 In 1854 the family moved to Yellow 
 Springs, where the father operated the 
 Antioch College bookstore. Uriah attended 
 the local schools and spent one year at 
 Antioch. After twenty years as a salesman, 
 he became secretary of the Ohio Sunday 
 School Association in 1889 and devoted 
 the rest of his life to promoting Sunday 
 school activities. His best-known work, 
 How to Conduct a Sunday-School, first 
 published in 1905, was translated into a 
 dozen languages. He published several 
 other manuals and books, e.g., My Message 
 to Sunday School Workers, New York, 
 [1924]. DAB 11 
 
 LAWRANCE, WILLIAM IRVIN (March 3, 
 1853-Oct., 1935), clergyman, was born in 
 Winchester, Adams County. After graduat- 
 ing from Antioch College in 1880 and from 
 Harvard Divinity School in 1885, he be- 
 came a Unitarian clergyman and served 
 churches in several states. He also taught 
 at Pacific Unitarian School for the Min- 
 istry. His writings include The Social Em- 
 phasis in Religious Education, Boston, 
 [1918]. WWW 1 
 
 LAWRANCE, WILLIAM VICARS (Nov. 8, 
 1834-Jan. 5, 1905), lawyer, was born in 
 Greene County. He grew up on a farm, at- 
 tended school in Cedarville, studied at Anti- 
 och College from 1856 to 1858, and read 
 law in Xenia. He was admitted to the Ohio 
 bar in 1860. In 1861 he enlisted in the 
 12th O.V.I, and later transferred to the 
 cavalry. He practiced law in Waverly, 
 1865-68, and afterward in Chillicothe, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 
375 
 
 Lawrence, W. 
 
 Ellina, the Bride of Montross, Cambridge, 
 [Mass.], 1873. 
 
 The Story of Judeth . . . , Cambridge, 
 [Mass.], 1889. 
 
 Defeated but Victor Still, New York. 
 [1898]. 
 
 The Loves of Laos in Sonnets Sung, [Cin- 
 cinnati. 1898]. 
 
 Under Which Master . . . , New York, 
 [1901]. 
 
 LAWRENCE, ALBERT. Pseud. See Alberta 
 E. I. C. Lawrence. 
 
 LAWRENCE, ALBERTA ELIZA INEZ 
 CHAMBERLAIN (1875- ), was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. She was liter- 
 ary editor of the Pasadena Star-News and 
 also published numerous book reviews. She 
 edited Who's Who among North American 
 Authors, 7 vols., 1921-39. Under the pen 
 name Albert Lawrence, she also published 
 a novel: The Travels of Phoebe Ann, Bos- 
 ton, 1908. WWNAA 7 
 
 LAWRENCE, EDA HAHNE (July 11, 1883- 
 April 1, 1932), was born in Newark. Lick- 
 ing County. She spent much of her life in 
 Cleveland and died in that city. Her poems 
 appeared in various periodicals, and she 
 published a collection: The Truth about 
 Fiction, and Collected Verse, Cleveland, 
 1923. 
 
 LAWRENCE, JEROME K. (July 14, 1915- 
 ), was born Jerome Lawrence Schwartz 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He gradu- 
 ated from Ohio State University in 1937 
 and after four years of writing for radio 
 began free-lance writing with Robert E. 
 Lee (q.v.). They have created many not- 
 able radio and television programs. Since 
 1951 they have done more writing for the 
 stage, and their play based on the Scopes 
 trial. Inherit the Wind (1955), won several 
 awards. Lawrence has edited a collection 
 of radio scripts and published a book for 
 children: Oscar, the Ostrich, New York, 
 1940. WW 30 
 
 LAWRENCE, JOHN (Dec. 3, 1824-Aug. 7, 
 1889), clergyman and lawyer, was born in 
 Wayne County. A United Brethren clergy- 
 man, he served churches in Sandusky and 
 Michigan and edited the Religious Tele- 
 scope, 1852-64. published in Dayton. After 
 the Civil War he was judge of a freedman's 
 court in Nashville, Tenn., for a time and 
 later practiced law in that city. He died in 
 Nashville. 
 Plain Thoughts on Secret Societies, Dayton, 
 
 1852. 
 The Slavery Question . . . , Dayton, 1854. 
 The History of the Church of the United 
 
 Brethren in Christ, 2 vols., Dayton, 
 
 1860-61. 
 
 LAWRENCE. IDA ECKERT (1864- ), 
 was born near Mansfield, Richland County. 
 She attended high school in Topeka. Kan., 
 and around 1900 was living in Toledo. She 
 afterward lived in Los Angeles. 
 Day Dreams, Cincinnati, 1900. 
 Aubrey Messages, Evidence of Life, Mem- 
 ory, Affection after the Change Called 
 Death . . . , Los Angeles, 1928. 
 
 LAWRENCE, JAMES (1792-Sept. 28. 1880), 
 lived for a number of years in Cleveland. 
 No details concerning his life are available. 
 The book below, a collection of essays on 
 spiritualism, was said to have been "written 
 under angel influence." 
 
 Angel Voice from the Spirit World . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1874. 
 
 LAWRENCE, JAMES COOPER (Feb. 10, 
 1890-Aug. 14. 1932). educator and busi- 
 nessman, was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. From 1912 to 1927 he was an 
 executive in various rubber and chemical 
 companies. In 1928 he became assistant to 
 the president of the University of Minne- 
 sota. His writings include The World's 
 Struggle with Rubber, 1905-1931, New 
 York, 1934. WWW 1 
 
 LAWRENCE, LOU (March 20, 1854-Nov. 
 24, 1932), was born in Amsterdam. Jeffer- 
 son County. She taught in country schools 
 of Belmont County and afterward operated 
 an antique shop at her home in Barnes- 
 ville. She wrote The Confessions of an Old 
 Maid, [New York, 1904]. 
 
 LAWRENCE, ROBERT. Pseud. See Robert 
 L. Beum. 
 
 LAWRENCE, WILLIAM (June 26, 1819-May 
 8. 1898), lawyer and legislator, was born 
 in Mount Pleasant. Jefferson County. He 
 graduated from Franklin College in 1838 
 and Cincinnati Law School in 1840. He 
 served in Congress, 1865-71 and 1873-77, 
 and was comptroller of the treasury, 1880- 
 85. He prepared an elaborate brief on im- 
 peachment that was used by Ben. F. Butler 
 in his opening argument in the trial of 
 President Andrew Johnson. An ardent ad- 
 vocate of protective tariff, he also prepared 
 a ten-volume memorial to Congress advo- 
 cating tariffs on wool. Several of his ad- 
 dresses were also published. He died in 
 Kenton. 
 Brief Sketch of the Life and Public Serv- 
 
Lawyer 
 
 376 
 
 ices of John Sherman 
 1888. 
 
 , [Cincinnati], 
 
 LAWYER, JAMES PATTERSON (Oct. 26, 
 1875- ), was born in Guernsey County. 
 He was land appraiser for the Osage In- 
 dian tribe in Oklahoma until his retirement 
 in 1945. He now lives in Phoenix, Ariz. He 
 has written History of Ohio, from the Gla- 
 cial Period to the Present Time, Columbus, 
 1904. 
 
 LAYLANDER, ORANGE JUDD (March 11, 
 1858-?), was born in Nashville, Holmes 
 County. He was a school superintendent in 
 Iowa, 1882-1900, an employee of Ginn and 
 Company, 1900-06, and was engaged in 
 business in Chicago, 1906-31. His most 
 recent address in Ohioana files is Burt Lake, 
 Mich. He published a collection of stories 
 and poems: Whitt lings, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 
 1928. 
 
 LEACH, WILLIAM HERMAN (Dec. 19, 
 1888- ), Presbyterian clergyman, born 
 
 in Shinglehouse, Pa., has lived since 1924 
 in Lakewood. and has edited Church Man- 
 agement, published in Cleveland. He has 
 written numerous pamphlets on practical 
 problems of the church and also a number 
 of entertainments for church presentation, 
 e.g., The Barbarian . . . , Franklin, 1924. 
 WW 30 
 
 LEAHY, RICHARD P. (1867-June 6, 1940), 
 was born near Tiffin, Seneca County. After 
 graduating from Heidelberg College in 
 1889, he was in the real-estate business in 
 Chicago; he later lived in Mobile, Ala., and 
 Havana, Cuba. At the time of his death he 
 was a resident of Bay City, Mich. He pub- 
 lished two collections of verse, e.g., Father 
 Damien and Other Poems, New York, 
 [1938]. 
 
 LEAVITT, HUMPHREY HOWE (June 18, 
 1796-March 15, 1873), congressman and 
 judge, was born in Suffield, Conn., but grew 
 up near Warren, where his father moved 
 in 1800. He taught school, clerked in a 
 store, and read law. Admitted to the bar 
 in 1816, he practiced in Cadiz and Steuben- 
 ville. He served two terms in Congress, 
 1830-34. In 1834 President Jackson ap- 
 pointed him federal district judge, and he 
 served on the bench for nearly forty years. 
 His most famous decision was his refusal of 
 a writ of habeas corpus to Clement L. 
 Vallandigham (q.v.) in 1863. This decision 
 and some speeches were published during his 
 lifetime. His autobiography, which he had 
 written for his family, was published post- 
 humously. In 1871 he resigned from the 
 
 bench and moved to Springfield, where he 
 spent his last two years. 
 Autobiography of the Hon. Humphrey 
 Howe Leavitt . . . , New York, 1893. 
 
 LEAVITT, JOHN McDOWELL (May 10, 
 1824-Dec. 12, 1909), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Steubenville, Jefferson 
 County. After graduating from Jefferson 
 College in 1841, he studied law. He prac- 
 ticed a short time in Cincinnati and then 
 attended the seminary at Gambier. He was 
 ordained to the Episcopal priesthood in 
 1848. He taught at Kenyon College and 
 Ohio University and was president of Le- 
 high University and St. John's College, 
 Md. He founded and edited the Interna- 
 tional Review. His death occurred in An- 
 napolis, Md. Of the titles below, Visions 
 of Solyma was published anonymously, 
 Americans in Rome appeared under the 
 pen name Ray Aster, and Alicia appeared 
 under the pen name Alexis. 
 Faith: A Poem in Three Parts, Cincinnati, 
 
 1856. 
 Afranius, and the Indumean . . . , New 
 
 York, 1869. 
 The American Cardinal. A Novel, New 
 
 York, 1871. 
 Hymns to Our King, New York, [1872]. 
 New World Tragedies from Old World 
 
 Life . . . , New York, 1876. 
 Visions of Solyma, Bethlehem, Pa., [1879]. 
 Faith, the Periods and Other Foems, New 
 
 York, [1884]. 
 Kings of Capital and Knights of Labor, 
 
 New York, 1885. 
 Americans in Rome; Or, Paul Errington 
 
 and His Struggle. A Novel, New York, 
 
 1886. 
 Paul Errington and Our Scarlet Prince . . . , 
 
 New York, [1894]. 
 Visions of Solyma and Other Poems, New 
 
 York, 1895.' 
 Alicia; A Tale of the American Navy, 
 
 1898. 
 Reasons for Faith and Christianity . . . , 
 
 New York, 1900. 
 Our Flag, Our Rose, Our Country, New 
 
 York, 1908. 
 
 LEBERMAN, JOHN J. (Nov. 29, 1848-May 
 30, 1921), clergyman, born in Lebanon 
 County, Pa., lived in Ohio 46 years. He 
 was pastor of Paradise Evangelical and 
 Reformed Church, Louisville, Stark County, 
 1873-1900, and afterward preached at 
 churches in Beaver Creek, Lancaster, Akron, 
 and Braddock, Pa. His last years were 
 spent at Sugar Grove, Fairfield County. 
 A Popular Treatise on Baptism . . . , Day- 
 ton, 1886. 
 
377 
 
 Lee, M. C. 
 
 LECKLIDER. JOHN T. (July 18, 1840-Jan. 
 2, 1929), lawyer, was born on a farm near 
 Dayton, Montgomery County. After read- 
 ing law, he was admitted to the bar and 
 practiced in Dayton. He published Poems, 
 Boston, [1913]. 
 
 LECKLITER, GRACE D., educator, was 
 born in Worthington. Franklin County. A 
 graduate of Ohio State University, she 
 taught history and civics for a number of 
 years in the Columbus schools. She now 
 lives in Columbus. She has published a 
 book of poems: Spring Is Tomorrow, Los 
 Angeles, [1944]. 
 
 LEDBETTER, ELEANOR EDWARDS (May 
 
 6, 1870-July 19, 1954), librarian, born in 
 Holley, N. Y.. lived in Cleveland for nearly 
 fifty years. After 29 years' service with the 
 Cleveland Public Library, she retired in 
 1935 as head of the Broadway Branch 
 Library and continued to live in Cleveland 
 until her death. She wrote several books 
 on Americanization and on European groups 
 in Cleveland, e.g.. The Slovaks of Cleve- 
 land . . . , [Cleveland, 1918]. 
 
 LEE, ALFRED EMORY (Feb. 17, 1838- 
 Aug. 31, 1905), lawyer and journalist, was 
 born in Barnesville, Belmont County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1859. He served in the 82nd O.V.I., 
 Nov., 1861-July, 1865. After the war he 
 practiced law in Delaware, and in 1876 he 
 was appointed private secretary to Gov- 
 ernor Rutherford B. Hayes, who, as Presi- 
 dent, appointed him consul general at 
 Frankfort am Main. In 1881 he became 
 chief editorial writer of the Ohio State 
 Journal, and in 1883 he was associated for 
 a few months with the Toledo Daily Tele- 
 gram. His History of the City of Columbus 
 is one of the most informative and depend- 
 able of all Ohio local histories. 
 What Was Grant?, Columbus, 1885. 
 The Battle of Gettysburg, Columbus. 1888. 
 European Days and Ways, Philadelphia. 
 
 1890. 
 History of the City of Columbus . . . , 2 
 
 vols., New York, 1892. 
 Silver and Gold . . . , Columbus, 1893. 
 
 LEE, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (Sept. 18, 
 1841-March 12, 1926), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Gouldtown. N. J. He 
 graduated from Wilberforce University in 
 1872, taught there. 1873-76, and served 
 as president, 1876-84. He edited the Chris- 
 tian Recorder, 1884—92, and served as 
 bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, 1892-1924. 
 
 Wesley the Worker, New York, 1880. 
 
 LEE, CHARLES C. Pseud. See Martha E. P. 
 Rose. 
 
 LEE, ELLA DOLBEAR (July 4, 1866-June 
 
 15, 1954), was born in Marysville, Union 
 County. After graduating from Marysville 
 High School, she studied art at Tufts Col- 
 lege and the New England Conservatory. 
 She worked as an illustrator for books and 
 magazines. In 1904 she married Charles C. 
 Lee; she lived for a number of years in 
 Philadelphia, but returned to Ohio before 
 her death. Under the pen name Jean Finley 
 she wrote a series of children's books in 
 the 1920s known as the Blue Domers series; 
 and under her own name she published an- 
 other series, "Jean Mary's Adventures," 
 e.g., Jean Mary in Virginia, New York, 
 [1931]. 
 
 LEE, GEORGE HYDE (1848-April 1, 1920), 
 physician, was born in Mantua, Portage 
 County. He graduated from Western Re- 
 serve College in 1868, was a journalist in 
 Philadelphia and other cities, 1868-74, and 
 graduated from Homeopathic Medical Col- 
 lege. Cleveland, 1876. He practiced medi- 
 cine in Washington, D. C, and wrote fic- 
 tion as an avocation. His death occurred 
 in Miami, Fla. 
 
 Kith and Kin. Washington, D. C, 1900. 
 What Was His Duty?, Washington, D. C, 
 1900. 
 
 LEE, GERTRUDE. See Gertrude L. Chan- 
 dler-Tucker. 
 
 LEE, JAMES (Sept. 26, 1905- ), journalist, 
 was born in Mount Vernon, Knox County. 
 A graduate of Georgetown University, 
 Washington, D. C, he worked on the Los 
 Angeles Examiner for a number of years 
 and is now associate editor of U. S. News 
 and World Report and lives in Washing- 
 ton, D. C. His writings include a book on 
 the naval air transport service: Operation 
 Lifeline . . . , Chicago, [1947]. 
 
 LEE, MARY CHAPPELL (Mrs. Frank) 
 (July 7, 1849-May 5, 1932), educator, was 
 born in Kingston, N. Y. She taught in the 
 public schools of New York City, in vari- 
 ous schools in Ohio and Kansas, and in a 
 mission school among mountain whites in 
 Grand View, Tenn. After her retirement 
 she returned to Ohio and lived in Wester- 
 ville. Besides the titles below, she pub- 
 lished stories in Youth's Companion and 
 other magazines. 
 
 The Losing Side, a Poem, and Why He 
 Didn't Insure, a Dialogue, Columbus, 
 1888. 
 
Lee, R. E. 
 
 378 
 
 Knives and Forks; Or, Dwellers in Meridien, 
 Boston, [1890]. 
 
 Garret Grain; Or, the House Blessed, Bos- 
 ton, [1894]. 
 
 Redmond of the Seventh; Or, the Boys of 
 Ninety, Boston, [1897]. 
 
 Professor Pin, Boston, [1899]. 
 
 Mart Conner, Boston. 1900. 
 
 Little Boom No. I, Boston, 1902. 
 
 The Making of Major, Elgin, 111., [1913]. 
 
 The Double D's, Boston, [1914]. 
 
 LEE, ROBERT EDWIN (Oct. 15, 1918- ), 
 was born in Elyria, Lorain County. He 
 attended Ohio Wesleyan University, 1935— 
 37. He has teamed with Jerome K. Law- 
 rence (q.v. ) to write numerous outstanding 
 radio and television programs, musical 
 comedies, and plays, notably Inherit the 
 Wind (1955). He has also published Tele- 
 vision; The Revolution, New York, [1944]. 
 WW 30 
 
 LEET, LEWIS DON (July 1, 1901- ), seis- 
 mologist, was born in Alliance, Stark 
 County. He graduated from Denison Uni- 
 versity in 1923 and Harvard University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1930. He has been a member 
 of the Harvard faculty since 1931. He has 
 published a number of textbooks and tech- 
 nical studies and Causes of Catastrophe; 
 Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tidal Waves, and 
 Hurricanes, New York, [1948]. WW 30 
 
 LEGGETT, MORTIMER DORMER (April 
 19, 1821-Jan. 6, 1896), educator and law- 
 yer, was born on a farm near Ithaca, N. Y. 
 When he was fifteen, his parents moved to 
 Geauga County. He attended Kirtland 
 Teachers School and Western Reserve Col- 
 lege and was admitted to the bar in 1844. 
 He practiced law and served as superin- 
 tendent of schools in Akron, Warren, and 
 Zanesville. During the Civil War he was 
 colonel of the 78th O.V.I. After serving as 
 Commissioner of Patents, 1871-74, he prac- 
 ticed in Cleveland, specializing in patent 
 law. He also organized the Brush Electric 
 Company. Besides the book below, he de- 
 livered some addresses that were published 
 as separrte pamphlets. 
 
 A Dream of a Modest Prophet, Philadel- 
 phia, 1890. 
 
 LEGLER, MARY FERGUSON (Dec. 31, 
 1886- ), was born in Newark, Licking 
 County. She attended Granville public 
 schools and graduated from Denison Uni- 
 versity in 1906. Since her marriage to Ellis 
 P. Legler, she has lived in Dayton. She has 
 published a volume of poems: Until the 
 Day Break, Los Angeles, 1939. BDCP 
 
 LEHMANN, HENRY G. (Dec. 27, 1842-Dec. 
 18, 1929). was born in Fort Wayne, Ind., 
 but in 1845 his father settled in Delphos, 
 Van Wert County. He served with the 32nd 
 O.V.I, in the Civil War, afterward was as- 
 sociated with various stores in Convoy and 
 Van Wert, and operated a farm. He opened 
 his own dry goods store in 1888. He died 
 in Van Wert. He wrote a book of Civil War 
 memories: Reminiscences of a Soldier . . . , 
 Van Wert, [n.d.]. 
 
 LEIGH, AMY ELIZABETH. Pseud. See Caro- 
 line H. W. Foster. 
 
 LEIGHTON, JOSEPH ALEXANDER (Dec. 
 
 2, 1870-May 19, 1954), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Orangeville, Ontario, 
 Canada. He graduated from Trinity Col- 
 lege, Toronto, in 1891, Cornell University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1894, and Episcopal Theological 
 Seminary. Cambridge, Mass., in 1896. He 
 taught philosophy and served as chaplain 
 at Hobart College, 1897-1910, and was 
 professor of philosophy at Ohio State Uni- 
 versity, 1910-41. His home was in Worth- 
 ington. He wrote several textbooks, more 
 than a hundred articles, and several books 
 on religion, education, and other subjects, 
 e.g., Social Philosophies in Conflict . . . , 
 New York, 1937. WW 26 
 
 LEIGHTON, MARGARET CARVER (Dec. 
 20, 1896- ), was born in Oberlin, Lor- 
 
 ain County, where her father was a mem- 
 ber of the college faculty. He accepted a 
 position at Harvard, however, and she grew 
 up in Massachusetts. After the death of her 
 husband in 1935, she moved to California 
 and began writing children's books, most of 
 them on historical subjects, e.g., The Secret 
 of the Old House, Philadelphia, [1941]. 
 WW 30 
 
 LEISERSON, WILLIAM MORRIS (April 15, 
 1883-Feb., 1957), educator, born in Estonia, 
 lived in Ohio about twelve years, while 
 serving on the faculties of the University of 
 Toledo, 1915-18, and Antioch College, 
 1925-34. After leaving Antioch he served 
 on various government agencies and bureaus 
 in Washington. He published several studies 
 of economic and social problems, e.g., Ad- 
 justing Immigrant and Industry, New York, 
 1924. WW 29 
 
 LELAND, SAMUEL PHELPS (March 4, 
 1837-1910?), was born in Massachusetts 
 but was brought by his parents to Hunts- 
 burg, Geauga County, at an early age. He 
 studied at Hiram College, read law, and 
 was admitted to the bar. He practiced law, 
 
379 
 
 Lenski, L. 
 
 lectured, and wrote for newspapers in vari- 
 ous cities. He lived in Georgia, Tennessee, 
 Illinois, Florida, and other states. 
 Geology vs. the Bible, Cleveland, 1860. 
 Poems, Chicago, 1866. 
 Peculiar People, Cleveland, 1891. 
 World Making; A Scientific Explanation of 
 
 the Birth, Growth and Death of Worlds, 
 
 Chicago, 1895. 
 
 LENDER, CHARLES FRANKLIN (March 
 21, 1886- ), was born in St. Louis, 
 Mo. A graduate of Ohio State University, 
 he was in Y.M.C.A. work in Columbus and 
 also was superintendent of relief and super- 
 visor of old-age pensions there. He now 
 lives in Los Angeles. He has written sev- 
 eral historical narratives for young readers, 
 e.g., Down the Ohio with Clark, New York, 
 [1937]. 
 
 LENDERMAN was apparently the pseudonym 
 of a Cincinnati doctor who used a com- 
 bination of lurid melodrama and humor to 
 attack spiritualism and medical practices 
 that he disapproved. 
 
 Lenderman's Adventures among the Spirit- 
 ualists and Free-Lovers . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1857. 
 Lenderman's Thousand Characters and Ten 
 Thousand Practical Facts . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1859. 
 Ourselves, Doctored and Undoctored, 
 Looked at through Humor's Spectacles 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
 LENSKI, GERHARD EMMANUEL (July 24, 
 1890- ), clergyman, son of Richard C. 
 H. Lenski (q.v.), was born in Trenton, 
 Butler County. He graduated from Capital 
 University in 1910 and the seminary in 
 1914. Ordained to the ministry of the 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church, he served a 
 pastorate in Butler, Pa., 1914-18, and was 
 pastor of Grace Lutheran Church, Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1920-52. He was on the 
 faculty of Pacific Lutheran Seminary, 1952- 
 56, and now lives in Washington, D. C. He 
 has written several books on devotional 
 themes, e.g., When God Gave Easter, Min- 
 neapolis, 1941. WW 27 
 
 LENSKI, LOIS (Oct. 14, 1893- ), was 
 born in Springfield, Clark County. When 
 she was five years old, her family moved to 
 Anna, Shelby County. She was the fourth 
 of five children of Rev. Richard C. H. 
 Lenski (q.v.), a Lutheran minister, and 
 it was a family joke that the Lenskis raised 
 the population of Anna to 207. It may 
 have been in that little town, where every- 
 
 body must have known what everyone else 
 was doing, that she developed her innate, 
 keen sense of people — how they live, what 
 they do, what their aspirations and prob- 
 lems are. Certainly her pleasure in and 
 knowledge of that neighborly life, as well 
 as of the ebullient ways of a large family, 
 are reflected in her Skipping Village and 
 A Little Girl of 1900, both of which Were 
 based on her childhood. As has so often 
 happened, there emerged from this Mid- 
 western small town a cosmopolitan in the 
 making. In 1911 the family moved to Co- 
 lumbus, where Miss Lenski graduated in 
 1915 from Ohio State University College 
 of Education. She never taught school; in- 
 stead, despite her father's opposition, she 
 went to New York City, studied for four 
 years at the Art Students' League (working 
 part time), thence to London to study 
 for a year at the Westminster School of 
 Art. It was in London that she made her 
 first book illustrations, and back home again 
 in New York she quickly found similar 
 commissions. In 1927 she illustrated her 
 first story, Skipping Village, soon followed 
 by half a dozen picture books, a form in 
 which she still works with understanding 
 and skill — and so began her career as au- 
 thor-illustrator. In 1927, also, she had her 
 first one-man show of paintings in New 
 York. In 1921 Miss Lenski married Arthur 
 S. Covey, the mural painter, and when their 
 son Stephen was very young she wrote and 
 illustrated picture books sparked by his 
 needs and interests. Thus, because at one 
 point Stephen was so preoccupied with 
 automobiles, was born the famous Mr. 
 Small, who first appeared unobtrusively in 
 1934 in The Little Auto. Since then he has 
 delighted the children of three decades and 
 of more than half a dozen countries in 
 such roles as fireman, cowboy, farmer, and 
 aviator, in books which are small miracles 
 of interest, directness, and simplicity. In 
 1936 Miss Lenski, who has said that she 
 hated history in school, published Phebe 
 Fairchild, Her Book, the first of a group 
 of historical stories for older children, and 
 this seeming paradox is revelatory of her 
 approach to writing. Like all her work, this 
 story of a Connecticut child of the 1830s 
 was rooted in personal experience. The 
 Coveys had moved to a 1790 farmhouse 
 near Torrington, Conn., and, as she wrote 
 in The Horn Book (Dec, 1937): "When 
 I decided to tell the story of our house, to 
 fill it with people and describe the life they 
 might have lived one hundred years ago, as 
 soon as I looked at History from the hu- 
 man standpoint, it became absorbing and 
 fascinating and very much alive." It is this 
 
Lenski, R. C. H. 
 
 380 
 
 intense interest in "the human standpoint," 
 in the ordinary yet significant details of 
 everyday lives — a century ago or today — 
 that accounts for much of the vitality of 
 Lois Lenski's books. One feels it in the 
 regional stories which she began to write 
 (turning necessity into an asset), when, in 
 1941, ill-health forced her to spend her 
 winters in the South. There, with the in- 
 stinct of the born storyteller, she recognized 
 a new area of material and produced in 
 1943 Bayou Suzette, a story of Louisiana. 
 Since then she has written more than a 
 score of books about America, ranging 
 from the hills of San Francisco to the 
 cranberry bogs of Cape Cod. These stories 
 are based on firsthand knowledge of the 
 people and their background; several of 
 them have been written at the urgent re- 
 quest of children. When the children of 
 Blytheville, Ark., wrote to her asking her 
 to tell their story, Miss Lenski went to 
 Arkansas, picked cotton with them, and 
 wrote Cotton in My Sack. In 1946 Miss 
 Lenski received the much-coveted annual 
 Newbery Medal for Strawberry Girl, a 
 story of Florida crackers in the early 1900s. 
 Unlike some regional writers, Lois Lenski 
 is more interested in people than in land- 
 scape. She is deeply concerned with the 
 way their lives and problems have been 
 shaped by their environment. For all her 
 sympathy and understanding, she is also 
 uncompromisingly realistic; she is not afraid 
 to portray the harsh details of poverty 
 (Judy's Journey), the reckless extravagance 
 of the new-rich (Boomtown Boy), or the 
 shiftlessness of a poor-white family (Straw- 
 berry Girl). Like her style, her approach is 
 forthright almost to the point of bluntness. 
 Realism, forthrightness — these are qualities 
 which children value more than we often 
 realize. Combine them with good story- 
 telling and it is no wonder that many chil- 
 dren of America, country and city, have 
 given Lois Lenski their allegiance. 
 
 Ellen Lewis Buell 
 
 LENSKI, RICHARD CHARLES HENRY 
 
 (Sept. 14, 1864-Aug. 14, 1936), clergyman 
 and educator, father of Lois and Gerhard 
 E. Lenski (qq.v.), was born in Greifenberg, 
 Prussia. He graduated from Capital Uni- 
 versity in 1885 and the seminary in 1887. 
 Ordained to the Lutheran ministry, he served 
 several Ohio churches, 1887-1911; he then 
 served on the faculty of Capital University, 
 1916-28, and retired as dean emeritus. He 
 published a number of sermons and books 
 on religious subjects, e.g., The Interpreta- 
 tion of St. John's Gospel, Columbus, 1931. 
 WWW 1 
 
 LENZ, ELLIS CHRISTIAN (March 26, 
 1896- ), was born in Hartville, Stark 
 County. After graduating from high school 
 in Canton in 1916, he studied art in Chi- 
 cago and Cleveland. He worked as a com- 
 mercial artist from 1919 until 1942, when 
 he became historian of the Cleveland ord- 
 nance district. He has written and illustrated 
 an extensive history of firearms: Muzzle 
 Flashes . . . , Huntington, W. Va., 1944. 
 
 LEONARD, ADNA BRADWAY (Aug. 2, 
 1837-April 21, 1916), clergyman, father of 
 Bishop Adna W. Leonard and Lena Leon- 
 ard Fisher (qq.v), was born in Berlin 
 Township, Mahoning County. After gradu- 
 ating from Mount Union College, he was 
 ordained to the Methodist ministry in 1860 
 and served various churches in Ohio and 
 elsewhere. He was corresponding secretary 
 of the Missionary Society and Board of 
 Foreign Missions, 1888-1912. He died in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., and is buried in Spring- 
 field. The year before his death he pub- 
 lished his autobiography: The Stone of 
 Help . . . , New York, [1915]. WWW 1 
 
 LEONARD, ADNA WRIGHT (Nov. 2, 
 1874-May 3, 1943), clergyman, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He was 
 ordained to the Methodist ministry in 
 Rome, Italy, in 1901. He served pastorates 
 in Italy and in Ohio and other states until 
 his election as bishop in 1916. He was killed 
 while touring army camps when the air- 
 plane in which he was traveling crashed in 
 Iceland. His books include Ancient Fires 
 on Modern Altars, New York, [1931]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 LEONARD, DELAVAN LEVANT (July 20, 
 1834-Jan. 26, 1917), clergyman, was born 
 in Pendleton, N. Y. After graduating from 
 Hamilton College in 1859 and Union Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1863, he was ordained 
 to the ministry of the Congregational Church. 
 He was superintendent of home missions 
 in the Far West, 1863-81, came to Ohio as 
 a pastor in Bellevue in 1888, and was chair- 
 man of the Ohio Church and Ministerial 
 Supply Bureau, 1899-1906. His home was 
 in Oberlin. He wrote for a number of re- 
 ligious magazines and newspapers. 
 A Hundred Years of Missions . . . , 1895. 
 1796-1896. A Century of Congregationalism 
 
 in Ohio, Oberlin, 1896. 
 The Story of Oberlin; The Institution, the 
 Community, the Idea, the Movement, 
 Boston, [1898]. 
 Missionary Annals of the Nineteenth Cen- 
 tury. A History, a Book of Reference, 
 
381 
 
 Lesquereux 
 
 and an Interesting Story Combined . . . , 
 Cleveland, [1899]. 
 The History of Carleton College . . . , Chi- 
 cago, [1904]. 
 
 LEONARD, HENRY (Feb. 14, 1812-Dec. 7, 
 1889), merchant, was born in Basil, Fair- 
 field County. After clerking in a Lancaster 
 store for a few months, he opened his own 
 store in Basil at the age of sixteen. As his 
 business prospered, he was able to devote 
 more and more of his time to the Reformed 
 Church. From 1856 to 1887 he was financial 
 agent of Heidelberg College and traveled 
 far and wide in search of funds. He re- 
 ferred to himself as the "fisherman" and 
 published a series of sketches in the West- 
 ern Messenger, Dayton, which were pub- 
 lished in book form the year of his retire- 
 ment. 
 The Fisherman's Allegories, Dayton. 1887. 
 
 LEONARD, LEWIS ALEXANDER (July 10, 
 1845-Nov. 12. 1926), lawyer and journalist, 
 was born in Poplar Island, Md. He prac- 
 ticed law for a time in Maryland, then 
 moved to Lafayette, Ind.. and then to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he entered newspaper work. 
 He was editor of the old Cincinnati Star 
 when it was consolidated with the Times 
 in 1880 and continued as editor of the 
 Times-Star until 1882 and as managing edi- 
 tor, 1882-84. He later was associated with 
 newspapers in Detroit. Philadelphia, and 
 New York City. Upon retiring he returned 
 to Cincinnati. He took an active interest in 
 the public library of Cincinnati. He was 
 editor-in-chief and wrote large portions of 
 the last title in the list below. 
 Tales I've Heard Told, New York, 1898. 
 Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, New 
 
 York, 1918. 
 Life of Alphonso Taft, New York, [1920]. 
 Greater Cincinnati and Its People; A His- 
 tory, 4 vols., New York, 1927. 
 
 LEONARD, WILLIAM ANDREW (July 15, 
 1848-Sept. 21, 1930). clergyman, born in 
 Southport. Conn., spent the last 41 years of 
 his life in Ohio. After serving Episcopal 
 churches in Brooklyn. N. Y.. and Washing- 
 ton, D. C, he was consecrated bishop of 
 Ohio in 1889. He lived in Cleveland and 
 spent most of his summers in Gambier. where 
 he did much to strengthen Kenyon College 
 and Bexley Seminary. Besides the titles be- 
 low, several of his addresses and sermons 
 were published. He died in Gambier. 
 Via Sacra . . . , New York. 1875. 
 A Brief History of the Christian Church, 
 
 New York, 1883. 
 A Faithful Life, New York. [ 1 i 
 
 The Story of the Prayer Book, New York, 
 
 1898. 
 Stephen Banks Leonard . . . , [Cleveland], 
 
 1909. 
 
 LEONHART, RUDOLPH (1832- ? ), educa- 
 tor, born in Munich. Germany, was a teacher 
 in Canton in the 1880s. He later taught in 
 Tacoma. Wash. He wrote several novels, 
 e.g.. The Treasure of Montezuma, Canton, 
 1888. 
 
 LEROY, MARION. See Minnie W. B. Miller. 
 
 LESLIE, SARABETH. Pseud. See Sarah E. S. 
 Leslie. 
 
 LESLIE, SARAH ELIZABETH SATTER- 
 THWAITE (Aug. 6, 1864-Feb. 1, 1958), 
 born in Adrian, Mich., and reared in central 
 New York State, lived in Toledo from 1894 
 until her death at the age of 93. She pub- 
 lished poems in various periodicals and an- 
 thologies. Under the pen name Sarabeth 
 Leslie, she published several books, includ- 
 ing a book of verse for children: Morning- 
 shore Children, New York, [1936], and a 
 book of recollections of World War I: 
 Morningshore Joins the 37th, New York, 
 [1947]. BDCP 
 
 LeSOURD, LEONARD EARLE (May 20, 
 1919- ). was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County, where his father was then a Meth- 
 odist clergyman. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1941. He now lives 
 in Newton, Mass. While he was undergoing 
 pilots* training during World War II. his 
 letters to his parents were published under 
 the title Sky-Bent . . . , [Boston, 1943]. 
 
 LESQUEREUX, CHARLES LEO (Nov. 18, 
 1806-Oct. 25. 1889), was born in Fleurier. 
 Switzerland. He married a beautiful young 
 baroness of the court of Saxe-Weimar. He 
 began the study of mosses, peat bogs, glacia- 
 tion. and other scientific subjects, and was 
 elected to membership in the Society of 
 Natural History at Neuchatel; but the Son- 
 derbund War caused him and his friend 
 Arnold Guyot to follow Louis Agassiz to 
 America. He worked for a time on a classifi- 
 cation of the plants collected on Agassiz' 
 1848 expedition to Lake Superior, became 
 Asa Gray's curator, and then came to Co- 
 lumbus to collaborate with William S. Sulli- 
 vant (q.v.) in preparing their important 
 Musci Boreali- American!. Lesquereux died 
 in Columbus in 1889, sixteen years after the 
 death of Sullivant, and in this interval he 
 established himself as America's foremost 
 palecbotanist. Professor W. G. Farlow of 
 
Levering, J. M. 
 
 382 
 
 Harvard has written, "Although, by a for- 
 tunate chance, Lesquereux was able almost 
 immediately on his arrival in America to turn 
 to good account the knowledge of mosses 
 acquired while he was in Europe, and al- 
 though he was recognized in later years as, 
 after Sullivant, the leading bryologist of 
 America, it is chiefly to his knowledge of 
 fossil plants that his high position among 
 American scientific men is due. In the field 
 of vegetable paleontology he unquestionably 
 stood at the head in America. . . . The vast 
 unexplored treasures of plants buried in the 
 coal measures were very imperfectly known 
 when Lesquereux arrived in America. He 
 gradually began the study of those forms 
 which were at hand, and as the different 
 States developed their geological surveys 
 materials accumulated in vast quantities, and 
 Lesquereux was soon recognized as the one 
 best fitted to prepare reports on the fossil 
 plants. ... In the opinion of experts his 
 most important contribution to paleontology 
 was 'Description of the Coal Flora of the 
 Carboniferous Formation in Pennsylvania' in 
 the Second Geological Survey of that state." 
 Lesquereux reported also on fossil plants for 
 the geological surveys of Kentucky (1857) 
 and later of Illinois and Arkansas. In his re- 
 port for Indiana (1884) he published his 
 "Principles of Palaeozoic Botany," which 
 Farlow said "might well be called an educa- 
 tional treatise." We cannot elaborate here 
 Lesquereux's important theories of the ori- 
 gins of coal, prairies, clay, and petroleum, or 
 his beliefs on the ages, character, interrela- 
 tionships, and geographic plant distribution 
 of various formations of different epochs of 
 the geological calendar. His publications 
 were numerous, and, while he wrote on con- 
 ditions of climate and other ecological fac- 
 tors of various epochs, his work was funda- 
 mentally taxonomic. His Contributions to 
 the Fossil Floras of the Western Territories 
 in three parts, concerned with the Creta- 
 ceous and Tertiary flora, together with nu- 
 merous less important writings, and a post- 
 humous publication, Flora of the Dakota 
 Group, emerged from his employment by 
 the United States Geological and Geographi- 
 cal Survey of the Territories. Lesquereux's 
 actual investigations, however, covered ma- 
 terials from New England to California and 
 from Alabama north, and his paleobotanic 
 studies embraced the whole of North Amer- 
 ica, parts of Europe, and even Australia and 
 Asia. In 1864 he became an elected member 
 of the National Academy of Sciences, and 
 before his death he was a member or corre- 
 spondent of more than twenty scientific so- 
 cieties of Europe and America. Charles 
 Darwin and Asa Gray on different occasions 
 
 honored Lesquereux, finding in his work 
 important evidence bearing on theories of 
 geographic plant distribution and evolution. 
 Lesquereux's collections today are mainly at 
 Harvard University and the National Mu- 
 seum. He was a jeweler and watchmaker by 
 trade, and like Sullivant he regarded botany 
 as his avocation. But, as Professor George 
 Sarton of Harvard reiterated only a few 
 years ago, Lesquereux "was perhaps the 
 equal" as a scientist of his close friend 
 Agassiz and "became eventually the leading 
 palaeobotanist of the New World." 
 
 Andrew D. Rodgers, III 
 
 LEVERING, JOSEPH MORTIMER (Feb. 
 20, 1849-April 4, 1908), Moravian bishop, 
 was pastor of a Moravian congregation at 
 Uhrichsville, 1875-76. Author of many ar- 
 ticles relative to the history of his church, 
 he also published A History of Bethlehem, 
 Pennsylvania . . . , Bethlehem, 1903. 
 
 LEVERING, ROBERT WOODROW (Oct. 
 
 3, 1914- ), lawyer and congressman, was 
 born in Fredericktown, Knox County. He 
 graduated from Denison University in 1936 
 and George Washington University Law 
 School in 1946. He practiced law in Mount 
 Vernon and in 1958 was elected a member 
 of the 86th Congress. He served in the army 
 during World War II and has written an 
 eyewitness account of the Philippine cam- 
 paign : Horror Trek; A True Story of Bataan 
 . . . , Dayton, 1948. 
 
 LEVI, HARRY (Aug. 7, 1875-June 13, 1944), 
 rabbi, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from the University 
 of Cincinnati in 1897 and Hebrew Union 
 College in the same year. He served as a 
 rabbi in Wheeling, W. Va., and Boston, Mass. 
 He retired in 1939. Besides the title below, 
 he published two collections of sermons and 
 a number of articles in periodicals and books. 
 Jewish Characters in Fiction, Philadelphia, 
 1899. 
 
 LEVIN, DAN (March 7, 1914- ), born in 
 Simferopol, Russia, lived in Cleveland from 
 1921 to 1941. He attended Western Reserve 
 University, worked as a reporter and social 
 case worker in Cleveland, and was one of 
 the founders of Crossroad and edited several 
 issues. He served with the Marine Corps in 
 World War II and afterward was with the 
 press section of the United Nations. He has 
 published a novel about a young Cleveland 
 boy serving with the Marines: Mask of 
 Glory, New York, 1949. 
 
 LEVINGER, ELMA EHRLICH (Oct. 6, 
 1887- ), wife of Rabbi Lee J. Levinger 
 
383 
 
 Lewis, F. A. 
 
 (q.v.), was born in Chicago and moved to 
 Columbus in 1925, where her husband was 
 on the Ohio State University faculty, 1925— 
 42. She published a number of stories for 
 children, religious textbooks, and novels, e.g., 
 Grapes of Canaan, Boston, [1931]. WW 30 
 
 LEVINGER, LEE JOSEPH (March 4, 1890- 
 ), rabbi, born in Burke, Idaho, lived in 
 Columbus, 1925-42. He was director of B'nai 
 B'rith, Hillel Foundation. Ohio State Univer- 
 sity, 1925-35, and director of the research 
 bureau at Hillel Foundation, 1935-42. He 
 now lives in Los Altos, Calif. His writings 
 include A Jewish Chaplain in France, New 
 York, 1921. WW 26 
 
 LEWIS, ALFRED HENRY (c.l858-Dec. 23, 
 1914), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County, the son of a carpenter. He was ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar and practiced two or 
 three years in Cleveland courts. For a few 
 years in the early 1880s he was a wandering 
 cowboy. Around 1885 he settled in Kansas 
 City, Mo., where his parents were living, 
 married Alice Ewing of Richland, Ohio, and 
 began again to practice law. In 1890 an 
 imaginary interview with an old cattleman 
 was the turning point in his fortunes. The 
 interview was published in the Kansas City 
 Times, where his brother was city editor, 
 and was copied in papers all over the coun- 
 try. After three years as head of the Wash- 
 ington bureau of the Chicago Times, he 
 joined the Hearst organization and wrote for 
 the Cosmopolitan and other Hearst maga- 
 zines. He was a very prolific writer, and dur- 
 ing his last years, which he spent in New 
 York City, he turned out a great many books 
 on politics, crime, and history. In his pe- 
 riodical writing he sometimes used the pen 
 name Dan Quin. Of all his work, however, 
 only the six Wolfville books seem memo- 
 rable or even readable. 
 Wolfville, New York, [1897]. 
 Sandburrs, New York, [1900]. 
 Richard Croker, New York, 1901. 
 Wolfville Days, New York, [1902]. 
 Wolfville Nights, New York, [1902]. 
 The Black Lion Inn, New York, 1903. 
 The Boss, and How He Came to Rule New 
 
 York, New York, 1903. 
 Peggy O'Neal, Philadelphia. [1903]. 
 The President; A Novel, New York, 1904. 
 The Sunset Trail, New York. 1905. 
 Confessions of a Detective, New York, 1906. 
 The Story of Paul Jones, an Historical Ro- 
 mance, New York, [1906]. 
 The Throwback; A Romance of the South- 
 west, New York, [1906]. 
 When Men Grew Tall; Or, the Story of 
 Andrew Jackson, New York, 1907. 
 
 An American Patrician; Or, the Story of 
 
 Aaron Burr, New York, 1908. 
 Wolfville Folks, New York, 1908. 
 The Apaches of New York, New York, 
 
 [1912]. 
 Faro Nell and Her Friends . . . , New York, 
 
 [1913]. 
 Nation-Famous New York Murders . . . , 
 
 New York, [1914]. 
 
 LEWIS, RETTILU PORTERFIELD (Aug. 
 15, 1919- ), born in Dallas, Texas, was 
 brought to Ohio when a baby. After graduat- 
 ing from Duke University in 1941, she was 
 in radio and advertising work in New Or- 
 leans, 1943-44, and has since lived in Canton 
 and Cincinnati. Her short stories have ap- 
 peared in national magazines, and she has 
 published a volume of poems under her 
 maiden name: The Pleasure Is Mine, Dur- 
 ham, N. C, 1940. 
 
 LEWIS, CHARLES RERTRAND (Feb. 15, 
 1842-Aug. 21, 1924), was born in Liverpool, 
 Medina County, but spent most of his life in 
 Michigan. As a boy he learned the printing 
 trade in Pontiac and Lansing, Mich. A steam- 
 boat accident led to his writing "How It 
 Feels to Be Blown Up," his first humorous 
 writing and the beginning of his career as a 
 humorist. In 1869 he joined the staff of the 
 Detroit Free Press, and in 1891 he went to 
 New York, where he conducted a daily 
 column in the New York World. He pub- 
 lished many ephemeral dime novels and 
 plays. His books were published under the 
 pen name M. Quad. 
 
 Goaks and Tears . . . , Boston, 1875. 
 
 "Quad's Odds" . . . , Detroit, 1875. 
 
 Brother Gardner's Lime-Kiln Club . . . , 
 Chicago, 1882. 
 
 Sawed-off Sketches . . . , New York, 1884. 
 
 Field, Fort and Fleet .... Detroit, 1885. 
 
 Under Five Lakes . . . , New York. 1886. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Bowser and Their Varied Ex- 
 periences, New York, [1899]. 
 
 The Life and Troubles of Mr. Bowser . . . , 
 Chicago, 1902. 
 
 The Humorous Mr. Bowser, New York. 1911. 
 
 LEWIS, ERVIN EUGENE (July 20, 1882- 
 ), educator, born in Orwell, N. Y., was 
 on the Ohio State University education fac- 
 ulty, 1926-52. He is now living in Mount 
 Dora, Fla. He has published a number of 
 professional articles, textbooks, and A 
 Primer of the New Deal . . . , Columbus, 
 1933. WW 27 
 
 LEWIS, FRANKLIN ALLAN (Jan. 18, 1904- 
 March 12, 1958), journalist, born in Lafay- 
 ette, Ind., was a sports writer for the Cleve- 
 
Lewis, G. W. 
 
 384 
 
 land Press from 1931 until his death at Lin- 
 coln, Ariz. He published The Cleveland 
 Indians, New York, [1949]. WW 30 
 
 LEWIS, GEORGE W. (April, 1837-June 27, 
 1900), was born in Batavia, N. Y. He served 
 in the 124th O.V.I., Aug., 1862-July, 1865. 
 He died in Medina. 
 
 The Campaigns of the 124th Regiment . . . , 
 Akron, 1874. 
 
 LEWIS, HIRAM WHEELER (March 11, 
 1843-Feb. 4, 1912), was born near Warren, 
 Trumbull County. After attending Hiram 
 College and Williston Seminary. Mass., he 
 served with the 124th O.V.I. , 1863-65. In 
 1869 he moved to Mississippi to operate a 
 plantation owned by his father; he edited a 
 newspaper there and served in the state legis- 
 lature. In 1876 he moved to Wichita, Kan., 
 where he operated a bank and other busi- 
 nesses and was active in the prohibition 
 movement. He died in Chicago. His son, 
 Frederick W. Lewis, edited his autobiography: 
 Hiram Wheeler Lewis, a Partial Autobiog- 
 raphy . . . , Albion, N. Y., [1941]. 
 
 LEWIS, RORERT ELLSWORTH (Sept. 29, 
 1869- ), born in Berkshire, Vt., was 
 general secretary of the Y.M.C.A. in Ohio, 
 1909-29, during which period he lived in 
 Cleveland. A former Y.M.C.A. worker in 
 China, he wrote numerous articles on the 
 Orient and several books, including The 
 Educational Conquest of the Far East, New 
 York, [1903]. WW 30 
 
 LEWIS, TRACY HAMMOND (Nov. 30, 
 1890-Nov. 7, 1951), was born in Richfield, 
 Summit County. After graduating from Yale 
 University in 1912, he worked on the New 
 York Times and the Morning Telegraph. He 
 served in the army on the Mexican border, 
 and after World War I he joined an adver- 
 tising firm. He wrote Along the Rio Grande, 
 New York, 1916. WW 15 
 
 LEWISOHN, LUDWIG (May 30, 1882-Dec. 
 31, 1955), born in Berlin, Germany, but 
 reared in Charleston, S. C, from the age of 
 seven, taught German language and litera- 
 ture at Ohio State University, 1911-19. Con- 
 siderable controversy arose because of his 
 opposition to World War I, and he resigned 
 to become dramatic critic of the Nation. 
 From 1948 until his death in Miami, Fla., 
 he was on the faculty of Brandeis Univer- 
 sity. Perhaps his most significant work was 
 a life of Goethe, published in 1949; but he 
 also published considerable provocative criti- 
 cism, e.g., Expression in America, New York, 
 1932, and several novels, e.g.. The Island 
 Within, New York, 1928. WWW 3 
 
 LHAMON, WILLIAM JEFFERSON (Sept. 
 16, 1855-Oct. 21, 1955), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Gambier, Knox 
 County. He attended Kenyon College for a 
 time and graduated from Butler University in 
 1879. Ordained to the ministry of the Di- 
 sciples of Christ Church, he served a church 
 in Lima and also held pastorates in other 
 states. He was on the faculty of Drury Col- 
 lege, Springfield, Mo., and was head of Mis- 
 souri Bible College, Columbia, Mo. He died 
 in Columbia at the age of 100. Besides the 
 titles below, he wrote leaflets on religious 
 topics. 
 
 Studies in Acts . . . , St. Louis, 1897. 
 Missionary Fields and Forces of the Disciples 
 
 of Christ, Cleveland, [1898]. 
 Heroes of Modern Missions, Chicago, [1899]. 
 The Character Christ, Fact or Fiction, New 
 
 York, [1914]. 
 
 LICHLITER, McILYAR HAMILTON (Aug. 
 23, 1877- ), clergyman, was born in 
 Butler, Pa. After graduating from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1900, he became a 
 Methodist clergyman and served Methodist 
 churches until 1919, when he became a 
 Congregationalist. After five years at Central 
 Church, Newton, Mass., he served the First 
 Congregational Church, Columbus, 1924- 
 42. He now lives in Akron. He has published 
 sermons and a volume of lectures: The Heal- 
 ing of Souls, New York, [1931]. WW 26 
 
 LIEBHARDT, LOUISE (d. Nov., 1958), was 
 born in Portsmouth, Scioto County, but 
 spent much of her life in California. She 
 attended the University of California and 
 later edited a poetry column in the San 
 Marino Tribune. She published a book of 
 verse: Love's a Thistle, New York, 1941. 
 
 LIEBMAN, JOSHUA LOTH (April 7, 1907- 
 June 9, 1948), rabbi, was born in Hamilton, 
 Butler County. He attended public schools 
 in Hamilton and Cincinnati, graduated from 
 the University of Cincinnati in 1926 and 
 Hebrew Union College in 1930, and served 
 as rabbi of congregations in Lafayette, Ind., 
 and Chicago. In 1939 he became rabbi of 
 Temple Israel, Boston, Mass., and also 
 preached on a national radio network. He 
 achieved the best-seller list with a book 
 uniting psychology and religion: Peace of 
 Mind, New York, [1946]. CB 48 
 
 LIGHTNER, ADNA H. (July 14, 1849-June 
 
 21, 1939), was born in Athens, Athens 
 County, the daughter of Frank and Amelia 
 Cornell. After attending the local academy 
 she was married, at the age of sixteen, to 
 Dr. Samuel B. Lightner, who during the 
 
385 
 
 Lilienthal 
 
 Civil War had been commissioned surgeon 
 major of the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry. 
 When mustered out, the doctor had settled 
 briefly at Guysville, Athens County, to prac- 
 tice medicine; after several years spent in 
 New Vienna, Clinton County, and Cincin- 
 nati, he brought his wife to Sabina, Clinton 
 County, where the couple established a 
 permanent home. When Mrs. Lightner died 
 in 1939, she had been a resident of Sabina 
 for 67 years. She was a Quaker and a 
 charter member of Sabina Friends Church, 
 established in 1877, when a persuasive re- 
 vival meeting was held by Esther and 
 Nathan Frame (q.v.). It was Quaker reti- 
 cence, perhaps, which deterred her from 
 speaking of herself as a writer. Certainly 
 in the early days, the acquaintances who 
 knew her as a busy mother occupied with 
 home, church, and clubs were seldom aware 
 of the novels and stories she had published. 
 Yet, after discovering her ability to write, 
 she made a typical contribution to a popu- 
 lar literary movement of the last century, 
 when a remarkable number of women added 
 the cultivation of home-grown fiction to 
 their customary household duties. As a 
 group, they had found a garden of domestic 
 sentiment, where their readers were legion 
 and their critics were in accord with Na- 
 thaniel Hawthorne, who called them a 
 "d — d mob of scribbling women." Mrs. 
 Lightner's first full-length novel. Shadow 
 and Sunshine, was published at Cincinnati 
 in 1884. It was later taken over by George 
 P. Munro, rival of Beadle & Adams in the 
 dime novel market, who reprinted it in his 
 "Library of American Authors." Under the 
 characteristic double title Shadow and Sun- 
 shine; Or, Goldie Ransom's Triumph, it 
 had a large and steady sale, but only such 
 a wordsmith as Harlan P. Halsey, who 
 turned out two "Old Sleuth" paperbacks a 
 month, could get much financial encourage- 
 ment from Mr. Munro. Mrs. Lightner's sec- 
 ond novel, A Wayside Violet, appeared in 
 1885. Both of these novels, together with 
 the earlier two-part story Fletcher Haven's 
 Housekeeper, were first printed in the pages 
 of the Masonic Review. Her third novel, 
 which she considered her best, was pub- 
 lished only as a magazine serial. Entitled 
 "Creta," it was a Civil War story with its 
 setting in Georgia. The great bulk of Mrs. 
 Lightner's writing was in the form of the 
 short story. Her debut was made April, 
 1876, when "Who Was to Blame?" appeared 
 in Godey's Lady's Book. It was followed by 
 other stories for that magazine, together 
 with frequent contributions to the Ohio 
 Farmer, the Cincinnati Post, the Masonic 
 Review, and almost all of the Sunday 
 
 school papers of her time: Penn Weekly, 
 Classmate, Sunday School Advocate, Front 
 Rank, Young Folks, Junior Christian En- 
 deavor World, and many others. Her stories 
 for adults mingled sentiment and piety with 
 a romantic determination to find rich, young 
 husbands for her troubled heroines. The 
 children's stories, to be found in the Sun- 
 day school papers, were an irresistible temp- 
 tation to furtive reading during the progress 
 of the Sunday morning sermon. Charming 
 anecdotes and adventures, they often in- 
 volved horses and dogs because Mrs. Light- 
 ner liked best to write about them. Although 
 she recorded something of the manners 
 and customs of village life in the late nine- 
 teenth century, her plots and characters 
 were almost entirely imaginary. Only the 
 Civil War incidents in "Creta" and a short 
 story about her husband and his dog, "The 
 Doctor's Assistant," were based upon fact. 
 The plots, she said, "just came"; an idea 
 would possess her, sometimes in the middle 
 of the night, and the story would seem 
 to write itself. She complained to her two 
 children that her characters did not do at 
 all what she had intended: they seemed to 
 have a life of their own. She had some- 
 thing to say about this in a paper called 
 "Inspirational Writing," read in 1891 before 
 the Woman's Press Club of Cincinnati, an 
 organization she helped establish. Her name 
 passed through several mutations. In the 
 Cornell family Bible, it was recorded Har- 
 riett Adine, but she called herself Ada, and 
 her friends called her Addie. In her old 
 age — still writing an occasional story, keenly 
 interested in politics, and firmly established 
 as the local authority on major league 
 baseball — she was known to her fellow 
 townsmen as Auntie Lightner. She signed 
 her earliest children's stories Aunt Addie, 
 but in all of her other writings she used the 
 name with which she won her modest fame, 
 Adna H. Lightner. 
 
 Gerald D. McDonald 
 Fletcher Haven's Housekeeper, [Cincinnati], 
 
 1883. 
 Shadow and Sunshine . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1884. 
 A Wayside Violet, Cincinnati, 1885. 
 
 LIGHTNER, HARRIETT ADINE COR- 
 NELL. See Adna H. Lightner. 
 
 LILIENTHAL, MAX (Oct. 16, 1815-April 5, 
 1882), rabbi, was born in Munich, Ger- 
 many. After studying at the University of 
 Munich, he spent five years in Russia in- 
 vestigating the education of Jewish chil- 
 dren there. He came to New York City in 
 1845 and to Cincinnati in 1855. He was 
 
Lincoln, J. F. 
 
 386 
 
 rabbi of Bene Israel congregation in Cin- 
 cinnati and was a founder of Hebrew Union 
 College. About two-thirds of the last vol- 
 ume below consists of his letters and essays. 
 Freiheit, Friihling und Liebe, Cincinnati, 
 
 1857. 
 Synopsis of the History of the Israelites 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1857. 
 Max Lilienthal; American Rabbi: Life and 
 
 Writings, (David Philipson, ed.), New 
 
 York, 1915. 
 
 LINCOLN, JAMES FINNEY (May 14, 1883- 
 ), industrialist, was born in Painesville, 
 Lake County. He studied at Ohio State 
 University, 1902-07. In 1907 he joined the 
 Lincoln Electric Company in Cleveland 
 and served as its president, 1928-54. He 
 has published a number of pamphlets on 
 politics, society, and the incentive plan in 
 his company, e.g., Intelligent Selfishness 
 and Manufacturing, Cleveland, [1942]. WW 
 30 
 
 LINCOLN, VICTORIA (Oct. 23, 1904- ), 
 born in Fall River, Mass., lived in Ohio, 
 1942-47, while her husband, Victor Lowe, 
 whom she had married in 1934, served on 
 the Ohio State University philosophy faculty. 
 While an Ohio resident, she published a 
 book containing three short novels: The 
 Wind at My Back, New York, [1946]. 
 WW 30 
 
 LINDEN, CHARLOTTE E. (Sept. 22, 1859- 
 April 13, 1919), was born in London, On- 
 tario, Canada, but lived in Clark County 
 from 1868 until her death. She was grand 
 lecturer of the Grand United Order of 
 Odd Fellows of Ohio and was president 
 of the Phyllis Wheatley Cultural Club in 
 Springfield. She published Autobiography 
 and Poems, Springfield, [1907]. 
 
 LINDERMAN, FRANK BIRD (Sept. 25, 
 1869-May 12, 1938), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County, and attended pub- 
 lic schools in Lorain and Elyria. His ma- 
 ture life was spent in Montana, where he 
 was a journalist and an insurance execu- 
 tive. He wrote stories of Western life, e.g., 
 Lige Mounts: Free Trapper, New York, 
 1922. WWW 1 
 
 works deal with Indiana history, but he 
 planned and compiled the last volume of 
 Wittke's History of Ohio: Ohio in the 
 Twentieth Century, Columbus, 1942. He 
 also wrote numerous articles and pamphlets 
 on Ohio, e.g., The Story of Ohio as Told by 
 a Museum Exhibit, [Columbus, 1932]. WW 
 27 
 
 LINDLEY,. JACOB (June 13, 1774-Jan. 29, 
 1857), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Washington County, Pa. In 1800 he 
 graduated from the College of New Jersey 
 (Princeton) and was licensed to preach 
 by his home presbytery. In 1803 he was 
 pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Water- 
 ford. In 1805 he was appointed a trustee 
 of the still-unfounded Ohio University, 
 which was to be supported by a grant of 
 two townships in Athens County. In 1808 
 he was named preceptor of the institution, 
 and it opened its doors to three students; 
 for four years he was the entire faculty. 
 He taught at Ohio University and preached 
 at the local Presbyterian church until 1826. 
 After a brief pastorate at Walnut Hills, 
 near Cincinnati, he left Ohio and spent 
 the remainder of his life in the South and 
 in Pennsylvania. In his old age, at the 
 urging of his daughters, he published a 
 book notable for the importance it attaches 
 to the education of children below the age 
 of three. He died in Connellsville, Pa. 
 Infant Philosophy, Containing an Analysis 
 of the Faculties of the Mind, as Dis- 
 covered in Their Development, with Di- 
 rections for the Management and Train- 
 ing of Each in Its Earliest Stages, 
 Uniontown, Pa., 1846. 
 
 LINDSTROM, ECHEL GEORGE (Feb. 24, 
 1879- ), born in Sweden, was reared 
 in Oil City, Pa., where he learned the print- 
 ing trade. He first came to Cleveland in 
 1904 to work for the Plain Dealer. He lived 
 in Jamestown, N. Y., 1906-16, and then 
 returned to Cleveland, where he founded 
 a printing house. He has been active in 
 Masonic activities and has edited various 
 fraternal publications. He has also written 
 a history of Lakewood, stories about the 
 Pennsylvania oil country, and a historical 
 novel about the discovery of oil at Titus- 
 ville: Out of the Sand, Cleveland, [1943]. 
 
 LINDLEY, HARLOW (May 31, 1875-Aug. 
 20, 1959), historian, born in Sylvania, Ind., 
 became librarian of the Hayes Memorial 
 Library and Museum in 1928. He was cura- 
 tor of history, Ohio Historical Society, 
 1929-34, and secretary, editor, and librarian 
 of the Society, 1934—46. Most of his major 
 
 LINHAM, HELEN LOOMIS (Sept. 21, 1887- 
 ), was born in Mansfield, Richland 
 County, and still lives in that community. 
 She is now married to Harry Roepke of 
 Mansfield. She has written more than 3,000 
 poems, which have appeared in various pe- 
 riodicals and anthologies. She has also 
 
387 
 
 Lloyd, C. G. 
 
 published three collections of poetry, e.g., 
 / Hear Earth Sing, Dallas, Texas, [1936]. 
 BDCP 
 
 LIPPARD, GEORGE (April 10, 1822-Feb. 
 9, 1854), novelist and biographer, lived in 
 Cleveland, 1851-53, while serving as editor 
 of a temperance paper. His books combine 
 the sensational and the moralistic, e.g., The 
 Midnight Queen . . . , New York, [1853]. 
 
 LISLE, WILLIAM McINTIRE (1842-Oct. 
 25, 1910), clergyman, was born in New 
 Haven, Huron County. After graduating 
 from Denison University in 1864 and Roch- 
 ester Theological Seminary in 1867, he was 
 ordained as a Baptist minister. In 1868 he 
 arrived in Siam as a missionary, but ill 
 health forced him to return to America 
 after two years. He served churches in New 
 England from 1870 to 1890, traveled as 
 an evangelist, and spent his last years in 
 West Newton, Mass. Besides the book listed 
 below, he wrote a number of articles on 
 religious subjects. 
 
 The Evolution of Spiritual Man, Boston, 
 1894. 
 
 LITCHFIELD, PAUL WEEKS (July 26, 
 1875-March 19, 1959), born in Boston, 
 Mass., came to Akron in 1900. He was 
 president of Goodyear Tire and Rubber 
 Co., 1926-40, and chairman of the board, 
 1940-58. He published The Industrial Re- 
 public . . . , Akron, 1919. OBB 
 
 LITTELL, SQUIER (Dec. 9, 1803-July 4, 
 1886), ophthalmologist, born in Burling- 
 ton, N. J., and a resident of Philadelphia 
 during most of his adult life, spent his 
 boyhood in Ohio. After the death of his 
 parents, he was adopted by his uncle, Squier 
 Littell, of Butler County, and attended school 
 near Lebanon. Author of many medical ar- 
 ticles, he also published a pioneering book on 
 eye-diseases: A Manual of the Diseases of 
 the Eye, Philadelphia, 1837. 
 
 LIVELY, JAMES MADISON (Oct. 29, 
 1852- ? ), was born in Jackson County. He 
 attended public schools until he was seven- 
 teen, when he began teaching. After teach- 
 ing school for ten years, he became a 
 journalist and afterward worked as man- 
 ager of steel-wire mills and coke ovens in 
 various Midwestern states. He published 
 Science of Mind; Or, Individual and Com- 
 munal Knowledge, [Portland, Oreg.], 1933. 
 
 LIVERMORE, ABIEL ABBOT (Oct. 30, 
 1811-Oct. 30, 1892), clergyman, was born 
 
 in Wilton, N. H. After graduating from Har- 
 vard and Cambridge Divinity School, he 
 was ordained a Congregational pastor in 
 1836. He had published some sermons and 
 lectures and a prize-winning essay entitled 
 "The War with Mexico Reviewed" before 
 coming to Cincinnati, May 26, 1850, to 
 become a Unitarian pastor there. While he 
 was in Cincinnati, he became widely known 
 through the publication of his Discourses, 
 Boston, 1854. He left Cincinnati in July, 
 1856, to become editor of the New York 
 Christian Inquirer. Though his stay in Ohio 
 was brief, he was one of a number of literary 
 figures who presided over the troubled af- 
 fairs of the Unitarian Church of Cincinnati 
 and helped make the literary history of 
 Ohio. 
 
 LIVERMORE, ELIZABETH DORCAS 
 ABBOT (d. Sept. 13, 1879), was born in 
 Windham, N. H. In 1838 she married her 
 cousin, Abiel Abbot Livermore (q.v.). 
 They lived in Cincinnati while he occupied 
 a Unitarian pulpit, 1850-56. In Cincinnati, 
 Mrs. Livermore found herself in a congenial 
 circle of literary-minded friends and began 
 at once to contribute poetry to Midwestern 
 periodicals. She also published a book, Zoe; 
 Or, the Quadroon's Triumph, 2 vols., Cin- 
 cinnati, 1855. She enjoyed considerable pop- 
 ularity, but today is forgotten by all except 
 the literary historians. In February, 1856, 
 she started a weekly, the Independent High- 
 way, which was discontinued the following 
 September when her husband became editor 
 of the Christian Inquirer and they moved 
 to New York City. 
 
 LIVINGSTON, MIRIAM DRAKE (May 4, 
 1863- ?) was born in Delaware, Dela- 
 ware County. She worked for a number 
 of years as a teacher and as a parole of- 
 ficer at the Girls' Industrial School in 
 Delaware. After her retirement in 1937, 
 she lived in Cincinnati. She published a 
 book of verse: Beacon Lights, New York, 
 [1938]. 
 
 LLOYD, CURTIS GATES (July 17, 1859- 
 Nov. 11, 1926), botanist, was born in 
 Florence, Ky., but spent his mature life 
 in Cincinnati as a manufacturing pharma- 
 cist. With his brother, John Uri Lloyd 
 (q.v.), he founded the Lloyd Library, con- 
 taining volumes on pharmacy and botany, 
 and the Lloyd Museum, a collection of 
 dried fungi. He traveled throughout the 
 world collecting and studying specimens of 
 
Lloyd, J. U. 
 
 388 
 
 fungi. His opposition to botanists' practice 
 of naming new species for themselves made 
 him some enemies in the scientific world, 
 but when he died in Cincinnati his repu- 
 tation as a mycologist was world-wide. Be- 
 sides technical articles, he published My- 
 cological Writings, 7 vols., Cincinnati, 
 [1898-1929]. WWW 1 
 
 LLOYD, JOHN URI (April 19, 1849-April 
 9, 1936), born in North Bloomfield, N. Y., 
 grew up in Florence, Ky., a village a few 
 miles south of Cincinnati. In 1863 he came 
 to Cincinnati as an apprentice to a drug 
 firm. At the age of 22, he became labora- 
 tory manager for a manufacturing drug 
 concern. Later he became a partner and, 
 with his brothers, took over the firm in 
 1885 and operated it successfully until his 
 death. A man of great industry and ability, 
 his work and interest extended to many 
 fields. He was a skilled research worker 
 in the chemical field, a botanist, and a 
 prodigious writer. He served as professor 
 of chemistry at the Cincinnati College of 
 Pharmacy and later was president of the 
 Eclectic Medical Institute. The Lloyd Li- 
 brary in Cincinnati, considered to be the 
 outstanding collection in the field of plant 
 chemistry, was established and endowed 
 by Mr. Lloyd. His principal interest was 
 pharmacy and drugs, and his scientific writ- 
 ings are largely in that field. His first work. 
 The Chemistry of Medicine, was published 
 by the author in 1881. His contributions 
 to various journals from that time must, 
 a biographer says, reach 5,000. Many of his 
 contributions were read at the Literary 
 Club of Cincinnati, of which he was a 
 faithful member. Mr. Lloyd's first attempt 
 at imaginative literature was a strange book 
 that would probably be classed today as 
 science fiction. The book, Etidorhpa 
 (Aphrodite, spelled backward), was first 
 published privately in 1895. Later editions 
 (there were eighteen or more) were pub- 
 lished commercially. Most of Lloyd's literary 
 contributions were dialect tales of the Ken- 
 tucky hills. One of these, Stringtown on 
 the Pike, reached best-seller proportions. 
 In order that his hill dialect might be cor- 
 rect, Lloyd prepared an extensive glossary 
 which was checked by a friend who lived 
 in the area. Other Kentucky tales were 
 The Red Head, Warwick of the Knobs, 
 and Scroggins. During his 71 years' resi- 
 dence in Cincinnati, John Uri Lloyd made 
 many friends. His gentleness, his generosity, 
 and the many-sidedness of his career were 
 the subject of editorials in the Cincinnati 
 newspapers when he died in Van Nuys, 
 Calif., where he was visiting his daughter. 
 
 "He was," said the Times-Star, "a kind of 
 
 landmark in Cincinnati culture." 
 
 Ernest I. Miller 
 
 Etidorhpa; Or, the End of the Earth . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1895. 
 
 The Right Side of the Car, Boston, 1897. 
 
 Stringtown on the Pike . . . , New York, 
 1900. 
 
 Warwick of the Knobs . . . , New York, 
 1901. 
 
 Red Head, New York, 1903. 
 
 Scroggins, New York, 1904. 
 
 Life and Medical Discoveries of Samuel 
 Thomson . . . , Cincinnati, [1909]. 
 
 Felix Moses, the Beloved Jew of String- 
 town on the Pike . . . , Cincinnati [1930]. 
 
 Our Willie: A Folklore Story of the Gun- 
 powder Creek and Hills, Boone County, 
 Kentucky, Cincinnati, [1934]. 
 
 LLOYD, SOPHIA WEBSTER (May 24, 
 1820-Aug. 17, 1903), mother of John Uri 
 and Curtis G. Lloyd (qq.v.), was born in 
 New Rochelle, N. Y. On Sept. 6, 1847, 
 she married Nelson Marvin Lloyd, a school- 
 teacher and surveyor. They came west in 
 1853, when her husband was employed to 
 survey a railroad in northern Kentucky. 
 When the railway company went bankrupt, 
 the Lloyds remained in Kentucky and es- 
 tablished a school. In the last twenty years 
 of her life, she lived in Norwood with her 
 son John. She published poetry and stories 
 in various periodicals, most of them re- 
 ligious papers. John Uri Lloyd published 
 the volume of poems listed below. 
 Poems of Mrs. Sophia Webster Lloyd, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1887. 
 
 LOBAN, ETHEL HARRIS (Oct. 27, 1892- 
 ), was born in Toledo, Lucas County, 
 where she lived until she was twenty ex- 
 cept for two years in Van Wert. In 1909 
 she married Dr. Joy Maxwell Loban. She 
 now lives in California. She has published 
 fiction in magazines and has written sev- 
 eral mystery novels, e.g., Signed in Yellow, 
 New York, 1930. 
 
 LOCKE, DAVID ROSS (Sept. 20, 1833- 
 Feb. 15, 1888), journalist, political satirist, 
 and originator of the "Rev. Petroleum V. 
 Nasby" of Civil War fame, was born in 
 Vestal, Broome County, N. Y., the sixth 
 child and youngest son of Nathaniel Reed 
 and Hester (Ross) Locke. His grandfather, 
 John Locke, was a member of the Boston 
 Tea Party and served as a minuteman in 
 the Revolutionary War, and his father was 
 a soldier in the War of 1812. David's for- 
 mal education ended when he was ten, and 
 
389 
 
 Locke, D. R. 
 
 he then began newspaper work as an ap- 
 prentice to the publisher of the Cortland, 
 N. Y., Democrat for a period of seven 
 years. Thereafter he was always associated 
 in some way with newspaper work. About 
 1850, at the age of seventeen, he began a 
 two-year period of wandering about the 
 country, North and South, as a journey- 
 man printer. His travels in the South con- 
 firmed the strong antislavery sentiments he 
 had received from his father. Very little is 
 now known of the newspapers on which 
 he worked during his period of wander- 
 ing. He never talked much about where he 
 had been during his travels. For a time he 
 was at Pittsburgh and became a reporter 
 and later assistant editor of the Pittsburgh 
 Chronicle. There, he made the acquaintance 
 of young James G. Robinson, and in 1852 
 they formed a partnership. During a strike 
 among printers on the Pittsburgh daily pa- 
 pers, Robinson and Locke started on a west- 
 ern trip. They reached Plymouth, Richland 
 County, and were induced by the citizens 
 there to revive the Advertiser, which they 
 did, with practically no funds whatever, in 
 1853. About two years later, the partners 
 sold the Plymouth Advertiser, and, with 
 Roeliff Brinkerhoff, they purchased the 
 Mansfield Herald, which the three operated 
 for a time. Early in 1856, Locke left the 
 Herald and on March 20, 1856, purchased 
 controlling interest in the Bucyrus Journal. 
 Daniel Wheeler Locke, David's brother, 
 joined him in Bucyrus as a partner for a 
 few months, and then on April 21, 1857, 
 his former partner, James G. Robinson, 
 again became his associate. They brought 
 the first cylinder press to Bucyrus, and each 
 week Locke published a series of stories 
 about Bucyrus and vicinity that had a wide 
 appeal. While still at Plymouth, David 
 Ross Locke had been married to Martha 
 H. Bodine in March, 1855; they had three 
 sons: Robinson, who was to follow his 
 father as a journalist, Edmund, and Charles. 
 About Nov. 13, 1861, Locke left the Bucy- 
 rus Journal with the intention of raising 
 a company of volunteers for the war, but 
 was persuaded by Governor William Den- 
 nison to continue with his newspaper work. 
 A month later he acquired the Hancock 
 Jeffersonian in Findlay, which he edited un- 
 til Feb. 10, 1865. It was in the columns of 
 the Jeffersonian that the famous "Nasby 
 Letters" gained national popularity and at- 
 tracted the attention of President Abraham 
 Lincoln, who became one of Locke's most 
 unreserved admirers. Lincoln invited Locke 
 to Washington and offered him a place in 
 the government, but Locke turned it down. 
 He was later to refuse President Grant's 
 
 offer of a foreign mission. Locke's influence 
 upon the Civil War was characterized by 
 George S. Boutwell, Secretary of the Treas- 
 ury under President Grant, who, after the 
 war was over, was credited with saying that 
 "the North had won the war by three 
 forces, 'The Army, the Navy, and the Nasby 
 Papers.' " Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase 
 was also credited with saying substantially 
 the same thing — that the Nasby letters 
 were "the fourth force in the reduction of 
 the rebellion." Undoubtedly, the letters of 
 Petroleum V. Nasby had a profound effect 
 in solidifying Northern opinion against the 
 South. The quaintly humorous yet bitingly 
 satirical writings of the "Rev. Petroleum 
 Vesuvius Nasby" were read by everyone 
 and were a favorite with President Lincoln. 
 Nasby was supposed to be a backwoods 
 preacher, a Democrat who wanted to be a 
 postmaster, a Copperhead, and was por- 
 trayed as a corrupt, cowardly man, a 
 drunkard, and a liar, barely literate. In 
 October, 1865, Locke took editorial charge 
 of the Toledo Blade, and it was during his 
 management of this newspaper that he 
 reached the high point of his career. Within 
 a few years he owned a controlling interest 
 in the Blade. In addition to the daily, he 
 began a weekly family edition, subtitled 
 "Nasby's Paper," and boosted it to a na- 
 tional reputation with a circulation of 
 200,000. In 1871, while still maintaining his 
 connection with the Blade, Locke moved to 
 New York City to become managing edi- 
 tor of the New York Evening Mail and a 
 member of the advertising agency of Bates 
 & Locke. Later, he returned to Toledo and 
 continued his Nasby letters until a few 
 months before his death. The last Nasby 
 letter from his pen was dated. Dec. 26, 
 1887. David Ross Locke had versatile tal- 
 ents and was a man of unusual achieve- 
 ments. For several seasons he shared the 
 popularity of Mark Twain and Josh Bil- 
 lings (Henry W. Shaw, q.v. ) on the lec- 
 ture circuits. He was author and producer 
 of at least one successful play in New 
 York, The Widow Bedott (1879), and he 
 was the author of verse, hymns, pamphlets, 
 and books, including novels. Several of the 
 books below were republished under variant 
 titles. He and the noted cartoonist Thomas 
 Nast, who illustrated several of his books 
 and who created the visual image of Pe- 
 troleum V. Nasby, became close friends 
 and found they held similar views on the 
 current political scene. Locke liked to sing, 
 was a leader in his church choir, and fre- 
 quently was heard singing old-fashioned 
 hymns while at work in his office. When 
 Locke returned to Toledo from New York, 
 
Locke, J. 
 
 390 
 
 he took an energetic part in the social and 
 
 economic life of the community, serving as 
 
 alderman from the third district, 1886— 
 
 1887, as a director of the Northern Na- 
 tional Bank of Toledo, and as president 
 
 of the Toledo Art Association. When he 
 
 died, he left, it was said, an estate valued 
 
 at nearly a million dollars. 
 
 Watt P. Marchman 
 
 The Nasby Papers . . . , Indianapolis, 1864. 
 
 Divers Views, Opinions, and Prophecies of 
 Yoors Trooly Petroleum V. Nasby . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1866. 
 
 Nasbv's Life of Andy Jonsun, New York, 
 1866. 
 
 Ekkoes from Kentucky . . . , Boston, 1868. 
 
 The lmpendin Crisis uv the Dimocracy, 
 Toledo, 1868. 
 
 The Struggles (Social, Financial and Polit- 
 ical) of Petroleum V. Nasby . . . , Bos- 
 ton, 1872. 
 
 The Moral History of America's Life- 
 Struggle, Boston, [1874]. 
 
 Inflation at the Cross Roads . . . , New 
 York, 1875. 
 
 The Morals of Abou Ben Adhem; Or, East- 
 ern Fruit on Western Dishes . . . , Bos- 
 ton, 1875. 
 
 Nasby on Inflation, Philadelphia, [1876]. 
 
 A Paper City, Boston, 1879. 
 
 The Democratic John Bunyan, Being Eleven 
 Dreams by Rev. Petroleum V. Nasby, 
 Toledo, 1880. 
 
 The Diary of an Office-Seeker . . . , To- 
 ledo, 1881. 
 
 Hannah Jane, Boston, 1882. 
 
 Nasby in Exile . . . , Toledo, 1882. 
 
 The Demagogue, a Political Novel, Bos- 
 ton, 1891. 
 
 The Nasby Letters, Toledo, 1893. 
 
 ful attempt to establish a seminary for 
 young ladies at Lebanon, he returned to 
 Cincinnati in 1855. His scientific activities 
 were many and varied. His contributions to 
 the first geological survey of Ohio were out- 
 standing. In conjunction with David D. 
 Owen he surveyed the mineral lands of the 
 northwest. At the request of the United 
 States Coast Survey he devised his so-called 
 electromagnetic chronograph, for which he 
 received an award of $10,000 from the 
 government. This was but one of his many 
 important inventions in scientific apparatus. 
 Besides his botany textbook, he published 
 a grammar in 1827 and a geography text 
 in 1828; he also published scientific articles 
 and lectures. 
 
 LOCKE, WALTER (March 16, 1875-Oct. 
 23, 1957), journalist, was born in St. 
 Marys, W. Va., but grew up in Nebraska, 
 where his family moved in 1884. After 
 working on the Nebraska State Journal, he 
 joined the staff of the Dayton Daily News 
 in 1927. He conducted a regular column 
 in that newspaper and also published sev- 
 eral books, e.g., Whistling Post, [Yellow 
 Springs, 1934]. WWW 3 
 
 LOCKWOOD, LAUFA M. (March 9, 1896- 
 ), was born in Francisco, Ind., where 
 she now resides. Her first husband, Frank 
 Helsey, was killed in a mine explosion in 
 1926. In 1932 she married Will Lockwood 
 of Ohio, and for thirteen years they lived 
 in Chillicothe, where she worked in the 
 county recorder's office. She has written 
 numerous poems and articles and has pub- 
 lished two collections of poetry, e.g., The 
 Way the Winter Came, Columbus, [1949]. 
 
 LOCKE, JOHN (Feb. 19, 1792-July 10, 
 1856), educator, was born in Lempster, 
 N. H. In his infancy his family moved to 
 Oxford County, Maine, where his father 
 established the town of Locke Mills. He at- 
 tended Silliman's lectures at Yale in 1815, 
 and studied medicine and botany in New 
 England. He engraved the 200 or more il- 
 lustrations which appear in his Outlines of 
 Botany, published in 1819. He experienced 
 difficulties with his family over religious 
 matters and, feeling that New England was 
 dominated by religious intolerance, he went 
 to Lexington, Ky., in 1821. The following 
 year, he established the Cincinnati Female 
 Academy, which he conducted until 1835. 
 He then became professor of chemistry 
 and pharmacy at the Medical College of 
 Ohio, a chair which he held until that in- 
 stitution became a political pawn in 1850, 
 when he was removed. After an unsuccess- 
 
 LOEB, CHARLES HAROLD (April 2, 1905- 
 ), born in Baton Rouge, La., was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of New Orleans 
 and at Howard University. In 1926 he be- 
 came a newspaperman, and since 1933 he 
 has been on the staff of the Cleveland Call 
 and Post, of which he is now managing 
 editor. During World War II he was a 
 correspondent for the Combined Negro 
 Press. He has published a history of the 
 Future Outlook League, a Cleveland or- 
 ganization dedicated to equal opportunities 
 for Negroes: The Future Is Yours . . . , 
 Cleveland, [1947]. 
 
 LOGAN, BELLE V. (July 23, 1864-May 17, 
 1957), was born in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, 
 but spent much of her life in Ohio. With 
 her parents she came to Lebanon in 1882, 
 where she married William Logan, Jr. After 
 1891 her husband edited the Horse Review 
 
391 
 
 Logan, C. A. 
 
 in Chicago and New York City. Mrs. Logan 
 lived in Ohio again from 1906 until her 
 death and at various times taught music in 
 Cincinnati, Dayton, and Lebanon. Besides 
 the novel below, she wrote two piano text- 
 books. 
 Her Shattered Idol, Chicago, 1895. 
 
 LOGAN. CORNELIUS AMBROSE (Aug. 24, 
 1832-Jan. 30. 1899), physician and diplo- 
 mat, the son of Cornelius Ambrosius Lo- 
 gan (q.v.), was born in Deerfield, Mass. 
 In 1840 the family moved to Cincinnati, 
 where he attended school. He completed 
 his education at Auburn Academy and for 
 a time was superintendent of St. John's 
 Hospital, Cincinnati. In 1857 he went to 
 Kansas. Though his medical career was 
 marked by no outstanding scientific attain- 
 ments, he did much to stabilize the prac- 
 tice of medicine on the frontier. He was 
 envoy extraordinary and minister plenipo- 
 tentiary to Chile. 1873-77, and minister 
 resident to the Central American States, 
 1877-82. As literary executor of his cousin, 
 Gen. John A. Logan, he published the lat- 
 ter's The Volunteer Soldier in America in 
 1887, for which he wrote a biographical 
 memoir. His death occurred in California. 
 An Essay on the Remote and Proximate 
 Causes of Miasmatic Fever, Leaven- 
 worth, [Kan.], 1861. 
 Report on the Sanitary Relations of the 
 State of Kansas, Lawrence, [Kan.], 1866. 
 Physics of the Infectious Diseases . . . , 
 Chicago, 1878. 
 
 LOGAN, CORNELIUS AMBROSIUS (May 
 4, 1806-Feb. 22, 1853), actor and pro- 
 ducer, was born in Baltimore, Md. Little 
 is really known about his youth, but ac- 
 cording to standard biographical compila- 
 tions he was a very busy boy. It is recorded 
 that he began to study for the priesthood at 
 St. Mary's College; made several trips to 
 sea as a sailor and supercargo; spent three 
 years with Paul Allen on the Baltimore 
 Morning Chronicle; unsuccessfully at- 
 tempted to start a newspaper in New York 
 with William Leggett; and began his stage 
 career in Philadelphia at the age of nine- 
 teen. It seems likely that he did attend St. 
 Mary's, for William T. Coggeshall (q.v.), 
 who was acquainted with Logan, rated him 
 as a classical scholar of substantial attain- 
 ments. Perhaps he worked as a boy for 
 Paul Allen, whose connection with the 
 Morning Chronicle extended from 1818 to 
 1824. Any association with William Leg- 
 gett must have occurred after that gentle- 
 man's resignation from the navy in 1826. 
 Logan is known to have appeared on the 
 
 stage of the Tivoli Garden in Philadelphia 
 in 1825, and the following year he was in- 
 troduced to New York audiences as "a new 
 actor from Philadelphia." He became very 
 well known as a comedian, though in his 
 later years he frequently appeared in 
 tragic roles. According to Ludlow, "Mr. 
 Logan's histrionic ability, unquestionably, 
 was in the line of comedy. He may have 
 had an innate tragic ability, but his face 
 prevented him from showing it to advan- 
 tage; it was unchangeably comic." He is 
 said to have contributed many satirical ar- 
 ticles to newspapers; and Coggeshall avers 
 that his poem "The Mississippi" was copied 
 by the Edinburgh Review, "prefaced by a 
 handsome tribute to the author." He wrote 
 many successful plays, few of which were 
 published. In 1840 he settled down with his 
 brood of gifted children in Cincinnati, 
 where he resided until his death. His three 
 daughters were: Eliza, who — despite phys- 
 ical handicaps — became very popular in the 
 theaters of the Midwest; Olive; and Celia 
 (Mrs. James F. Connelley) (qq.v. ). His 
 son, Cornelius Ambrose Logan (q.v.), be- 
 came well known as a physician and diplo- 
 mat. Perhaps no man contributed more to 
 the development of the theater in Cincin- 
 nati than Logan. He arrived in the city at 
 a time when editors, fearful of incurring 
 the wrath of local ministers who had made 
 the theater their favorite target, dared pub- 
 lish little more than a line or two concern- 
 ing even the more noteworthy stage pro- 
 ductions. The fine new National Theater 
 had become the roost of local hoodlums, 
 and the haunt of a few visitors seeking 
 such titillation as might be afforded by a 
 glimpse of the sins of the Queen City. Lo- 
 gan became manager of the National in 
 1841, but never gave up acting. During 
 December of that year he appeared in The 
 School for Scandal, Charles II, Wild Oats, 
 and Soldier's Daughter. His temperate and 
 learned reply to a blast from the pulpit of 
 Lyman Beecher (q.v.) was widely copied, 
 and was an important factor in discour- 
 aging further attacks from local pulpits. In 
 1846 he became half-owner and manager 
 of the Athenaeum in Cincinnati, but later 
 returned to the National. His managerial 
 duties do not appear to have interfered 
 with occasional tours. He frequently ap- 
 peared in St. Louis, and as far south as 
 New Orleans. His play Cincinnati in 1949 
 was first performed at the National Theater 
 on Feb. 17, 1849. Rewritten, it was pre- 
 sented in New York under the title of 
 Chloroform, or New York a Hundred Years 
 Hence. He thus found his popularity had 
 not waned during an absence of years, for 
 
Logan, I. W. 
 
 392 
 
 the play ran for eight successive nights, a 
 remarkable performance for those days. His 
 final appearance was at the National Thea- 
 ter during the holidays of 1852-53. He died 
 of apoplexy on a steamboat near Wheeling, 
 Va. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 The People's Lawyer, New York, [1855?]. 
 Yankee Land. A Comedy in Two Acts, Bos- 
 ton, [1856?]. 
 The Vermont Wool Dealer, New York, 
 [185-?]. 
 
 LOGAN, INDIANA WASHINGTON. See 
 
 Kelion F. Peddicord. 
 
 LOGAN, OLIVE (April 22, 1838-April 27, 
 1909), actress, was born in Elmira, N. Y. 
 The daughter of Cornelius Ambrosius Lo- 
 gan (q.v.), she came to Cincinnati when the 
 family settled there in 1840. She attended 
 the Wesleyan Female Seminary. As the 
 daughter of the prominent actor, dramatist, 
 and manager — affectionately known in Cin- 
 cinnati as "Old Logan" — and the sister of 
 the plain and rotund but gifted leading 
 lady Eliza Logan, she became interested 
 in the stage at a very early date. She made 
 her debut in Philadelphia at the Arch 
 Street Theatre, Aug. 19, 1854. In fourteen 
 years, she built a reputation as an actress 
 which has endured to the present. She re- 
 tired from the stage in 1868 and toured the 
 country lecturing on women's rights, a field 
 in which she appears to have enjoyed con- 
 siderable success. In 1857 she married 
 Henry A. Debille, from whom she was di- 
 vorced in 1865. In 1871 she married the 
 writer William Wirt Sikes, who died in 
 1883. She then married her secretary, 
 James O'Neill, who was twenty years her 
 junior. She dropped out of sight and little 
 was heard of her until Lady Cook (before 
 her marriage, Tennessee Claflin; see Ten- 
 nessee C. C. Cook) discovered her living 
 in abject poverty. Lady Cook supplied her 
 with funds and provided for her care in 
 London. Olive Logan became demented 
 and, without the knowledge of her bene- 
 factress, was committed to the asylum at 
 Banstead, where she died. The first and sec- 
 ond titles below were published under the 
 pen name Chroniqueuse. 
 Chateau Frissac; Or, Home Scenes in 
 
 France, New York, 1860. 
 Photographs of Paris Life . . . , London, 
 
 1860. 
 Olive Logan's Christmas Story, Somebody's 
 
 Stocking . . . , New York, [1867]. 
 Olive Logan's New Christmas Story, John 
 
 Morris's Money . . . , New York, 1867. 
 
 Apropos of Women and Theatres . . . , New 
 
 York, 1869. 
 The Good Mr. Bagglethorpe, New York, 
 
 1869. 
 Before the Footlights and behind the 
 
 Scenes . . . , Philadelphia, 1870. 
 The Mimic World . . . , Philadelphia, 1871. 
 Get Thee behind Me Satan! . . . , New 
 
 York, 1872. 
 They Met by Chance . . . , New York, 
 
 [1873]. 
 The American Abroad, [n.p., 1882]. 
 
 LOMAX, BLISS. Pseud. See Harry S. Drago. 
 
 LONG, FANNY F. (Feb. 5, 1859-Nov. 24, 
 1935), was born in Jackson, Jackson 
 County. In the 1870s she began publishing 
 poems in Leslie's Sunday Magazine, Ar- 
 thur's Magazine, and religious periodicals. 
 She died in Charleston, W. Va. 
 Ben Abbott, a Temperance Story, Cincin- 
 nati, 1896. 
 
 LONG, JEAN COMEANS (April 8, 1904- 
 ), was born in Osman, 111., but has lived 
 in Ohio since 1906. She completed nurse's 
 training at Grant's Hospital, Columbus, and 
 was a public health nurse in Middletown, 
 1925-30. She has lived in Columbus since 
 her marriage to James M. Long in 1936 
 and has contributed poems and feature ar- 
 ticles to the Columbus Dispatch. She has 
 also published a collection of poems: Earth 
 Woman, Columbus, [1941]. 
 
 LONG, JULIUS W. (June 19, 1907-July 22, 
 1955), lawyer, was born in Bellefontaine, 
 Logan County. After graduating from Ohio 
 State University in 1931, he studied law, 
 was admitted to the bar in 1939, and prac- 
 ticed in Bellefontaine. He wrote a number 
 of detective stories, e.g., Keep the Coffins 
 Coming, New York, [1941]. 
 
 LONG, LINDLEY GRANT (July 17, 1868- 
 Dec. 25, 1949), lawyer, was born in Quaker 
 City, Noble County. He attended Ohio 
 Normal University, Ohio Wesleyan Univer- 
 sity, and the University of Michigan Law 
 School. After being admitted to the bar, he 
 practiced in Dayton and other cities. He 
 died in Lima. He published Poems, Day- 
 ton, 1911. 
 
 LONG, MASON (Sept. 10, 1842-Nov. 5, 
 1904), was born in Luray, Licking County. 
 Left an orphan at the age of ten, he was 
 reared in Medina County by a German 
 farmer. After serving in the Civil War, he 
 moved to Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1863. For 
 fifteen years he was a drunkard and a pro- 
 
393 
 
 Longworth, N. 
 
 fessional gambler. After being converted to 
 the Baptist Church, he became a profes- 
 sional reformer and lecturer. He died in 
 Fort Wayne. 
 The Life of Mason Long, the Converted 
 
 Gambler . . . , Chicago, 1878. 
 Fallen Women, Fort Wayne, 1880. 
 Save the Girls, Fort Wayne, 1883. 
 
 LONG, SIMON PETER (Oct. 7, 1860-Jan. 
 3, 1929), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Ashland County. After graduating from 
 Capital University in 1883, he studied 
 theology and was ordained to the Lutheran 
 ministry in 1886. He served churches in 
 Loudonville, Massillon, Columbus, and 
 Mansfield, and also was president of Lima 
 College and of Chicago Lutheran Bible 
 School. He published sermons and books 
 on religious topics, e.g., Prophetic Pearls, 
 Columbus, 1913. WWW 1 
 
 LONGLEY, ALCANDER (1832-April 17, 
 1918), reformer, was born in Oxford. But- 
 ler County. At an early age he adopted 
 Fourier's ideas and became a lifelong com- 
 munitarian. About 1854 he joined the Cin- 
 cinnati publishing firm headed by his 
 brother Elias Longley (q.v.), which was en- 
 gaged in publishing phonetic literature. 
 He published the Phalansterian Record 
 at Cincinnati, 1857-59. In 1868 he began 
 the publication of The Communist in 
 St. Louis; in 1885 he changed the name to 
 The Altruist and continued to publish it 
 until a few months before his death, which 
 occurred in Chicago. 
 
 Communism: The Right Way and the Best 
 Way for All to Live, St. Louis, 1880. 
 
 LONGLEY, ELIAS (Aug., 1823-1899), pub- 
 lisher, was born in Oxford, Butler County. 
 He was the eldest of the five sons of Abner 
 Longley, a Universalist minister who be- 
 came an ardent Fourierist. He graduated 
 from Woodward College and, after study- 
 ing briefly for the ministry, became a news- 
 paper reporter. In 1847 with his brother 
 Cyrenius as junior partner, he established 
 the firm of Longley & Brother in Cincin- 
 nati, a publishing house specializing in 
 works designed to promote writing and 
 printing reform. On Jan. 1, 1848, they be- 
 gan publishing the phonetic magazine Tip 
 of de Timz, which during the twelve years 
 of its existence was variously known as 
 the Phonetic Magazine, the Fonetic Advo- 
 cat, and finally as Type of the Times. In 
 November. 1848, he founded and served 
 as the first director of the American Pho- 
 netic Society. This organization, dedicated 
 to promoting spelling reform, soon boasted 
 
 a membership extending from Maine to 
 Louisiana. The demand for its publications 
 grew apace. The other brothers, Servetus, 
 Septimus, and Alcander (q.v.), joined the 
 firm. Phonetic editions of such works as 
 Pope's Essay on Man, Gay's Fables, John- 
 son's Rasselas, and Goldsmith's Vicar of 
 Wakefield, almanacs, a large number of 
 phonetic textbooks, and many religious 
 works poured from their presses and met 
 with large sales all over the country. It 
 began to look as if phonetic spelling were 
 well on the way to national acceptance 
 when the guns at Fort Sumter sounded the 
 doom for this and many similar reforms. 
 The firm was dissolved in 1862, and Elias 
 turned to shorthand reporting — a field 
 in which he achieved a national reputation. 
 He was sent to report the speeches of 
 Beecher and William Lloyd Garrison on 
 the occasion of the rehoisting of the flag 
 at Fort Sumter. He frequently revised and 
 reissued his shorthand (or "phonography") 
 manual, and he also wrote typewriting man- 
 uals. He served several years as a court re- 
 porter and spent his later life in Pasadena, 
 Calif. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Phonetic Spelling Familiarly Explained . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1849. 
 Romanic Reading Explained to Phonetic 
 
 Readers, Cincinnati, 1849. 
 The Teacher's Guide to Phonetic Reading, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1849. 
 Furst Fonetic Redur, Sinsinati, 1850. 
 American Manual of Phonography, Cincin- 
 nati, 1853. 
 Student's Pocket Medical Lexicon, Phila- 
 delphia, 1879. 
 
 LONGSWORTH, BASIL NELSON (May 14, 
 1828-Oct. 8, 1893), was born on a farm 
 in Harrison County. In 1853 he made the 
 overland trip to Oregon, where he appears 
 to have served as an itinerant minister and 
 schoolteacher. He was an observant trav- 
 eler and kept a well-written, detailed diary 
 of his trip across the plains, which was 
 published by his family in 1927 and is a 
 valuable contribution to the literature of 
 the Overland Trail: The Diary of Basil Nel- 
 son Longsworth . . . , Denver, Colorado, 
 1927. 
 
 LONGWORTH, NICHOLAS (Jan. 16, 1782- 
 Feb. 10, 1863), capitalist and horticultur- 
 ist, was born in Newark, N. J. His boyhood 
 was spent in comparative poverty because 
 the property of his father, a Loyalist, was 
 confiscated during the Revolution. He came 
 to Cincinnati in 1803 and read law in the 
 office of Judge Jacob Burnet (q.v.). Since 
 
Longworth, N. 
 
 394 
 
 he often accepted land in return for his 
 legal services, the rapid rise of real-estate 
 values in Cincinnati soon made him 
 wealthy. In 1828, after considerable ex- 
 perimentation, he succeeded in producing 
 excellent wine from Catawba and Isabella 
 grapes. His success laid the foundation for 
 the flourishing wine industry of Cincinnati. 
 He also cultivated strawberries and black 
 raspberries. Not an author in the usual 
 sense of the word, he wrote numerous hor- 
 ticultural articles in addition to the title 
 listed below. He also aided artists and 
 writers and was, until his death, a princi- 
 pal figure in the cultural life of his adopted 
 city. 
 
 A Letter from N. Longworth to the Mem- 
 bers of the Cincinnati Horticultural So- 
 ciety, on the Cultivation of the Grape, 
 and Manufacture of Wine, Also on the 
 Character and Habits of the Strawberry 
 Plant . . . , Cincinnati, 1846. 
 
 LONGWORTH, NICHOLAS (June 16, 1844- 
 Jan. 18, 1890), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. The grand- 
 son of Nicholas Longworth (q.v.), who 
 had founded the family fortune, and the 
 brother of Marie Longworth Storer (q.v.), 
 he was the father of Nicholas Longworth, 
 Speaker of the U. S. House of Representa- 
 tives, and Mme. Clara L. de Chambrun 
 (q.v.). He graduated from Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1866, read law in Cincinnati, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1869. He served 
 as judge of common pleas court, 1876-81, 
 and on the state supreme court, 1881-83. 
 Besides the two short novels below, he pub- 
 lished a translation of Sophocles' Electra. 
 The Marquis and the Moon . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1889. 
 Silas Jackson's Wrongs, Cincinnati, 1889. 
 
 LOOKER, O. N. Pseud. See Nathan D. 
 Urner. 
 
 LOOMIS, ELIAS (Aug. 7, 1811-Aug. 15, 
 1889), scientist and educator, born in Wil- 
 lington, Conn., was on the faculty of West- 
 ern Reserve College in Hudson, 1837-44. 
 He was later on the faculty of Princeton 
 University, 1844-60, and of Yale Univer- 
 sity, 1860-89. He wrote a family history 
 and a great many textbooks, which were 
 widely used and which made him moder- 
 ately wealthy. He also published many 
 scientific papers and The Recent Progress of 
 Astronomy, Especially in the United 
 States, New York, 1850. 
 
 LOOMIS, ELISHA SCOTT (Sept. 18, 1852- 
 Dec. 11, 1940), educator, was born in 
 
 Wadsworth Township, Medina County. 
 After graduating from Baldwin University 
 in 1880, he taught in district schools until 
 1885, when he joined the mathematics fac- 
 ulty of his alma mater. He later taught at 
 West High School, Cleveland, 1895-1923. 
 He published several mathematics textbooks 
 and • genealogical pamphlets and Life and 
 Appreciation of Dr. Aaron Schuyler ...» 
 [Berea, 1936]. 
 
 LOOMIS, WALTER HARRISON (Jan. 16, 
 1874- ), physician, born in Tunkhan- 
 nock, Pa., graduated from the Cleveland 
 Homeopathic Medical School in 1904. He 
 practiced in Cleveland and operated the 
 Eddy Road Hospital and later the East 
 Cleveland Hospital. He published The 
 Health Hunter, Cleveland, 1931. 
 
 LORD, JOHN KING (Oct. 21, 1848-June 
 26, 1926), educator, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. His entire teaching 
 career (1869-1916) was spent at his alma 
 mater, Dartmouth College. He edited sev- 
 eral Latin texts and wrote A History of the 
 Town of Hanover, N. H., [Hanover], 1928. 
 WWW 1 
 
 LORD, LOUIS ELEAZER (July 14, 1875- 
 Jan. 24, 1957), educator, was born in Ra- 
 venna, Portage County. He graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1897 and from Yale 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1908. He was a 
 member of the Oberlin faculty, 1898- 
 1941, and of the Scripps College faculty, 
 1944-49. He published articles, textbooks, 
 translations, and a series of lectures: Thucy- 
 dides and the World War . . . , Cambridge, 
 Mass., 1945. WWW 3 
 
 LORD, WILLIS (Sept. 15, 1809-Oct. 28, 
 1888), Presbyterian clergyman and educa- 
 tor, born in Bridgeport, Conn., was pastor 
 of Broadway Presbyterian Church, Cincin- 
 nati, and a professor at Lane Seminary, 
 1850-54. He was again in Ohio when he 
 served as president of University of Woos- 
 ter, 1870-74. He also served briefly, 1877- 
 78, as pastor of the First Presbyterian 
 Church, Columbus, but resigned to live in 
 Colorado for his health. Among his publica- 
 tions was Christian Theology for the People, 
 New York, 1875. 
 
 LORENZ, CARL (March 31, 1858-April 30, 
 1924), journalist, born in Stuttgart, Ger- 
 many, came to America in 1881. He was 
 a school principal in Portsmouth, 1 883— 
 87, after which he moved to Cleveland. He 
 was Sunday editor of Waechter und An- 
 zeiger. Although he is said to have written 
 
395 
 
 Loth 
 
 fiction and poetry, his only book appears 
 to have been a biography: Tom L. Johnson, 
 Mayor of Cleveland, New York, 1911. 
 
 LORENZ. DANIEL EDWARD (May 24, 
 1862-Feb. 27, 1941), clergyman, was born 
 in Canal Fulton, Stark County. He gradu- 
 ated from Otterbein College in 1884. from 
 Union Theological Seminary in 1889, and 
 from Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 
 1891. Ordained to the Presbyterian min- 
 istry in 1889, he served as a pastor in 
 New York City for many years. He wrote 
 at least two travel books, e.g., The Medi- 
 terranean Traveller . . . , New York, 
 [1905]. WW 8 
 
 LORENZ, EDMUND SIMON (July 13, 1854- 
 July 10, 1942), clergyman, composer, and 
 publisher, was born in North Lawrence, 
 Stark County. He graduated from high 
 school in Toledo in 1870 and afterward 
 taught German in the Toledo public 
 schools. He graduated from Otterbein Col- 
 lege in 1880 and from Yale Divinity School 
 in 1883. was a pastor in Dayton. 1884— 
 87, served as president of Lebanon College, 
 Pa.. 1887-90. and founded a music pub- 
 lishing house in Dayton in 1890. He edited 
 a number of hymn books, wrote articles 
 on church music, hymns, and The Singing 
 Church; The Hymns It Wrote and Sang, 
 Nashville, [Tenn., 1938]. 
 
 LORING, ANDREW. Pseud. See Lorin A. 
 Lathrop. 
 
 LORING, JOHN ALDEN (March 6, 1871- 
 May 8, 1947). naturalist, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He served as 
 field naturalist for the U. S. Biological Sur- 
 vey, 1892-97, for the U. S. National Mu- 
 seum, and for the Smithsonian-Roosevelt 
 expedition to Africa. 1909-10. He wrote 
 many articles and stories on animals for 
 various magazines. Theodore Roosevelt 
 wrote an introduction to his collection, Af- 
 rican Adventure Stories, New York, 1914. 
 WWW 2 
 
 LORING, PETER. Pseud. See Samuel Shel- 
 labarger. 
 
 LORRAIN, ALFRED M. (c.1787-? ). clergy- 
 man, was born in Maryland. During his 
 infancy his family moved to Petersburg, 
 Va. He went to sea as a cabin boy and 
 had worked his way up to the rank of 
 second mate when he received word from 
 home, in 1812, that a volunteer regiment 
 was forming at Petersburg to join the 
 forces of Gen. William Henry Harrison on 
 
 the northwestern frontier. He served 
 through the siege of Fort Meigs, following 
 which he returned to Virginia. Joining his 
 brother in New Orleans in 1822, he took 
 an active part in the affairs of the Meth- 
 odist Church and was licensed to preach 
 there by Bishop McKendree in 1823. He 
 moved to Xenia in the same year, and 
 from 1824 to 1861 he traveled on vir- 
 tually all of the circuits in Ohio. He con- 
 tributed frequently to the Ladies' Reposi- 
 tory and edited the Western Pilot, 1854-55. 
 Besides the title below, he published two 
 volumes of "sea sermons." 
 The Helm, the Sword, and the Cross. A 
 Life Narrative, Cincinnati, 1862. 
 
 LORRAINE, LOUIS, Pseud. See Louis P. 
 Smith. 
 
 LOSE, GEORGE WILLIAM (Sept. 28, 1852- 
 May 20, 1927), clergyman, was born in 
 Pleasant Unity, Pa. After graduating from 
 Capital University in 1871 and from the 
 seminary in 1874, he was ordained to the 
 Lutheran ministry and served as pastor of 
 churches in Cridersville, Amanda, and Mas- 
 sillon. He also edited the Lutheran Child's 
 Paper and The Little Missionary and was 
 an assistant editor of the Lutheran Stand- 
 ard. Besides the titles below, he wrote other 
 Sunday school stories that have not been 
 located. 
 
 Esther and O titer Poems, Columbus, 1883. 
 The Lives of the Twelve Apostles, Colum- 
 bus, 1888. 
 Aunt Esther, Columbus, 1894. 
 Lutheran Foreign Missions, Columbus, 
 
 [1897]. 
 From Darkness to Light, Columbus, 1898. 
 The Melnore Parish, Columbus, 1899. 
 Around the Christmas Hearth, Columbus, 
 
 1900. 
 Promises Fulfilled. A Story . . . , [n.p., 
 
 1900?]. 
 Dorothy, Chicago, 1903. 
 Peace on Earth, Columbus, 1905. 
 Christmas Eve at Eddington Place, Colum- 
 bus. 1906. 
 Ralph the Orphan, Chicago, 1906. 
 Babette, or the Table Praver, Columbus, 
 
 1907. 
 Theodore; Or, the Washerwoman's Son, 
 
 Columbus, 1907. 
 Bread upon the Waters, Columbus. 1908. 
 Zaunie, the Basket Maker's Bov, Colum- 
 bus, 1908. 
 Promises Fulfilled, Chicago. 1909. 
 The Secret of Happiness, Columbus, 1909. 
 
 LOTH, MORITZ (Dec. 29, 1832-Feb. 18, 
 1913), merchant, was born in Milotiz, 
 
Loucks 
 
 396 
 
 Austria, where he received his elementary 
 education. He emigrated to the United 
 States in 1852 and in 1859 arrived in Cin- 
 cinnati, where he began a wholesale no- 
 tions business and within ten years was 
 regarded as one of the ablest businessmen 
 in the city. He was an early leader in Re- 
 form Judaism and a communal worker of 
 great enthusiasm. He wrote a number of 
 articles for local publications under the pen 
 name of Milotiz. His death occurred in Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 Our Prospects; A Tale of Real Life, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1870. 
 "The Forgiving Kiss" . . . , New York, 
 
 1874. 
 Pearls from the Bible, Cincinnati, 1894. 
 On a Higher Plane, Cincinnati, [1899]. 
 Sunbeams, Cincinnati, [1899]. 
 
 LOUCKS, MICHAEL May 28, 1850-?), 
 clergyman, was born in Fairfield County. 
 He graduated from Heidelberg College in 
 1871 and was ordained to the ministry of 
 the Reformed Church in 1873. He served 
 churches in Akron, Somerset, and Dayton. 
 He was on the staff of the publishing house 
 of his church in Dayton, 1882-94, and 
 edited the Christian World. His last known 
 address (1896) was Dayton. 
 The Key to the Tree of Christianity, Day- 
 ton, 1892. 
 
 LOUTTIT, GEORGE WILLIAM (June 30, 
 1868-May 30, 1937), lawyer, was born in 
 Dayton, Montgomery County, but grew up 
 in Fort Wayne, Ind., where his family 
 moved while he was a small boy. After 
 graduating from the University of Michigan 
 law school in 1890, he practiced in Fort 
 Wayne. He died in Everett, Wash. He pub- 
 lished several novels, e.g., The Gentleman 
 from Jay, New York, [1903]. IATB 
 
 LOVE, JEANETTE F., educator, born near 
 Gallipolis, Gallia County, taught school for 
 several years. She lived in Columbus in 
 1941. She wrote The Fall and Rise of 
 Cushan, and Other Poems, Columbus, 1911. 
 
 LOVE, JOHN WILLIS (Dec. 18, 1892-Sept. 
 21, 1958), journalist, was born in Shelby, 
 Richland County. He graduated from Ober- 
 lin College in 1914, worked on the Cleve- 
 land Plain-Dealer, 1916-30, and after 1931 
 wrote a column in the Cleveland Press. He 
 published a number of articles on business 
 and economics and a history of the Elwell 
 Parker Electric Company: Lengthened Shad- 
 ows . . . , Cleveland, 1943. WWMW 54 
 
 LOVE, JULIAN PRICE (June 10, 1894- 
 ), clergyman and educator, was born 
 
 in Lexington, Ky. He graduated from 
 Miami University in 1915, from Lane Sem- 
 inary in 1918, and from the University of 
 Cincinnati (Ph.D.) in 1930. He was pastor 
 of a Presbyterian church in Dayton, 1918— 
 21, and a member of the Lane Seminary 
 faculty, 1921-31. In 1931 he joined the 
 faculty of Louisville Presbyterian Semi- 
 nary. His writings include How to Read 
 the Bible, New York, 1940. WW 30 
 
 LOVEJOY. Pseud. See Samuel L. Gillespie. 
 
 LOVEMAN, ROBERT (April 11, 1864-July 
 10, 1923), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. In his early childhood his 
 family moved to Dalton, Ga., where he 
 attended the public schools. He became 
 widely known for his verse, which fre- 
 quently appeared in leading periodicals. His 
 poem "April Rain" appeared in Harper's 
 Magazine, May, 1901. In his letter of ac- 
 ceptance Hayden Carruth wrote: "We lit- 
 erally stopped the presses in order to get 
 your little poem in the current issue of 
 the magazine, but we will be willing to 
 stop our presses any time you send us 
 another like it." 
 
 A health unto the happy! 
 A fig for him who frets! 
 It isn't raining rain to me, 
 It's raining violets. 
 The poem was destined for immortality. 
 Read and quoted often, it has been set to 
 nearly forty melodies. Loveman died at his 
 home in Georgia. 
 Poems, Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1889. 
 Poems, Philadelphia, 1897. 
 A Book of Verses, Philadelphia, 1900. 
 The Gates of Silence with Interludes of 
 
 Song, New York, 1903. 
 Songs from a Georgia Garden and Echoes 
 
 from the Gates of Silence, Philadelphia, 
 
 1904. 
 The Blushful South and Hippocrene; Being 
 
 Songs, Philadelphia, 1909. 
 Sonnets of the Strife, with Songs, Boston, 
 
 [1917]. 
 Verses, [Binghamton, N. Y., 192?]. 
 
 LOWE, JOHN WILLIAMSON (Nov. 15, 
 1809-Sept. 10, 1861), lawyer, was born in 
 New Brunswick, N. J. He came to Batavia 
 in 1833 as a printer, studied law under 
 Judge Fishback, and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1836. He practiced in Batavia from 
 1836 to 1854, except for one year's service 
 in the Mexican War. He practiced law 
 again in Dayton, 1854-55, and in Xenia, 
 1855-61. He was elected colonel of the 
 12th O.V.I., and was killed in the battle of 
 Carnifex Ferry. 
 Poems, [Dayton?, 1862?]. 
 
397 
 
 Luckiesh 
 
 LOWRIE, DONALD ALEXANDER (Jan. 
 29, 1889- ), was born in Chatham, Me- 
 dina County. A graduate of the College of 
 Wooster, he has also studied in European 
 universities and lived abroad for many 
 years. He was an executive secretary for 
 UNICEF, but is now retired and lives in 
 New York City. He has published several 
 translations and some original works, e.g., a 
 biography, Masaryk: Nation-Builder, New 
 York, 1930. 
 
 LOWRY, HOWARD FOSTER (July 26, 
 1901- ), educator, was born in Ports- 
 mouth, Scioto County. He graduated from 
 the College of Wooster in 1923 and from 
 Yale University (Ph.D.) in 1931. Except for 
 intervals of teaching and graduate study in 
 various universities, he has been on the 
 Wooster faculty since 1923 and has been 
 president of the college since 1944. He has 
 published essays, an anthology, several 
 books on Matthew Arnold, and The Mind's 
 Adventure, Philadelphia, [1950]. WW 30 
 
 LOWRY, ROBERT (March 28, 1919- ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He attended public schools there and spent 
 a few months at the University of Cincin- 
 nati. In 1938 he bought a press and began 
 issuing the Little Man magazine, in which 
 many of his early stories appeared. He 
 served in Europe during World War II and 
 used his experiences as the basis for his 
 first full-length novel: Casualty, [New 
 York, 1946]. WW 30 
 
 LOWRY, ROBERT EATON (Nov. 2, 1846- 
 April 17, 1917), lawyer, was born near 
 Delaware, Delaware County. After gradu- 
 ating from Miami University in 1871, he 
 taught school in Butler, Preble, and Mont- 
 gomery Counties. He was county surveyor, 
 Preble County, 1885-90, read law and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1893, and afterward 
 practiced in Eaton. He wrote History of 
 Preble County . . . , Indianapolis, 1915. 
 
 LOY, MATTHIAS (March 17, 1828-Jan. 26, 
 1915), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Cumberland County, Pa. In 1847 he 
 came to Circleville and soon afterward be- 
 gan studying at the Lutheran Theological 
 Seminary, Columbus. He was pastor of a 
 church in Delaware, 1849-65, and served 
 on the faculty of Capital University, 1865- 
 1902. He was president of the university, 
 1881-90. Besides the titles below, he pub- 
 lished sermons and hymns. 
 The Doctrine of Justification, Columbus, 
 
 1869. 
 Story of My Life, Columbus, 1905. 
 
 LOYSON, EMILIE JANE BUTTERFIELD 
 
 (1833-?), sister of Consul W. Butterfield 
 (q.v. ), was born in Oswego, N. Y., but 
 grew up in Ohio. She began publishing 
 poetry at the age of sixteen. In 1851 she 
 married Captain E. R. Meriman; he died 
 in 1867, and the following year she mar- 
 ried Pere Charles Hyacinthe Loyson, an 
 apostate Catholic priest. She accompanied 
 him as he lectured throughout the United 
 States and Europe, advocating reform of 
 the Catholic Church. She wrote an account 
 of a visit to the Near East: To Jerusalem 
 through the Lands of Islam . . . , Chicago, 
 1905. 
 
 LUCAS, ANNA M., was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She attended Cincinnati 
 parochial schools, the University of Cincin- 
 nati, and Cincinnati Conservatory of Mu- 
 sic. She has written stories and plays for 
 Catholic magazines and at least six novels, 
 e.g., The Pendulum, Belleville, 111., [1936]. 
 
 LUCAS, ELIZA SYMMES (Feb. 5, 1866-Jan. 
 3, 1957), was born near Vinton, Gallia 
 County. She taught school for several years 
 before and after graduating from Rio 
 Grande College in 1901. For thirty years, 
 until her retirement in 1949, she was state 
 secretary of the GA.R. in Ohio. She pub- 
 lished a collection of poems: Toast and 
 Tea, Columbus, [1919]. 
 
 LUCCOCK, GEORGE NAPHTALI (March 
 31, 1857-Feb. 23, 1943), clergyman, was 
 born in Kimbolton, Guernsey County. 
 After graduating from University of Woos- 
 ter in 1878, he was ordained to the Pres- 
 byterian ministry. He served churches in 
 Iowa, Indiana, Washington, D. C, and Il- 
 linois, 1881-1917, and was pastor of the 
 College Church at Wooster, 1917-27. He 
 wrote many articles for religious periodicals 
 and The Home God Meant, Philadelphia, 
 1922. 
 
 LUCCOCK, NAPHTALI (Sept. 28, 1853- 
 April 1, 1916), clergyman, was born in 
 Kimbolton, Guernsey County. He gradu- 
 ated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1874 and from Western University of Penn- 
 sylvania (Ph.D.) in 1886. He was pastor 
 of Methodist churches in Pennsylvania and 
 Missouri and edited the American Illus- 
 trated Methodist Magazine. He was elected 
 bishop in 1912. He wrote a history of 
 Methodism and The Royalty of Jesus, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1905]. WWW 1 
 
 LUCKIESH, MATTHEW (Sept. 14. 1889- 
 
 ), electrical engineer, born in Maquo- 
 
 keta, Iowa, has lived in Cleveland since 
 
Ludey 
 
 398 
 
 1910. He has been a research director with 
 Nela Laboratories and with General Elec- 
 tric. He has written numerous books and 
 articles on light and other aspects of phys- 
 ics, e.g., Color and Colors, New York, 1938. 
 WW 30 
 
 LUDEY, CHARLES ADDISON (July 7, 
 1874- ), lawyer and oilman, was born 
 in Bellaire, Belmont County, but grew up 
 in Beallsville and Woodsfield, Monroe 
 County. After practicing law in Marietta 
 for fifteen years, he moved to Oklahoma 
 in 1910 to enter the oil business. His busy 
 life is recounted in his autobiography, De- 
 cision Reserved, Philadelphia, 1941. 
 
 LUDLOW, ARTHUR CLYDE (June 4, 
 1861— April 16, 1927), clergyman, was born 
 in Chardon, Geauga County. He graduated 
 from Western Reserve University in 1887 
 and was ordained to the Presbyterian min- 
 istry in the same year. He was pastor of 
 Miles Park Church, Cleveland, 1886-1923. 
 History of Cleveland Presbyterianism . . . , 
 
 Cleveland, 1896. 
 The Old Stone Church . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 1920. 
 Centennial History of Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, Cleveland, 1926. 
 
 LUDWIG, CHARLES (Sept. 15, 1881- ), 
 journalist, was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. He began as a copy boy on the 
 Times-Star in 1894 and served on that 
 newspaper until his retirement in 1953. He 
 published a volume of reminiscences of the 
 Miami and Erie Canal: Playmates of the 
 Towpath, Cincinnati, 1929. 
 
 LUEDY, ARTHUR ERNEST (Jan. 17, 1894- 
 ), horticulturist, born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County, and his wife, Mildred 
 Van Devourt Luedy (Dec. 29, 1897- ), 
 born in Camp Run, Pa., are residents of 
 Bedford. They have written articles in hor- 
 ticultural magazines, and one book: The 
 Christmas Rose, Bedford, [1948]. 
 
 LUEDY, MILDRED VAN DEVOURT. See 
 
 Arthur E. Luedy. 
 
 LUETKEMEYER, MATHILDE JUNGE 
 
 (Nov. 1, 1871-April 10, 1941), was born 
 in Oskaloosa, Iowa, but spent much of her 
 life in Cleveland. She graduated from West- 
 ern Reserve University in 1902. Her hus- 
 band, Edmund H. Luetkemeyer, was in 
 business in Cleveland. Her poems appeared 
 in various periodicals, and she published at 
 least two collections, e.g., Sheaves of Soul 
 and Song, Newport, Ky., [1931]. 
 
 LUMMIS, CHARLES FLETCHER (March 
 1, 1859-Nov. 25, 1928), born in Lynn, 
 Mass., edited the Scioto Gazette, Chilli- 
 cothe, 1882-84. In Sept., 1884, he set out 
 to walk to Los Angeles; he arrived in Feb., 
 1885, after numerous hardships and spent 
 the remainder of his life in the Southwest. 
 A prolific writer he wrote history, poetry, 
 essays, and stories about his adopted re- 
 gion. One of the best of his many books was 
 The Land of Poco Tiempo, New York, 1893. 
 
 LUNDY, RENJAMIN (Jan. 4, 1789-Aug. 22, 
 1839), abolitionist, born in Hardwick, 
 N. J., of Quaker parents, came to Wheel- 
 ing, Va., in 1808 and worked as a sad- 
 dler. After several years he moved to 
 Mount Pleasant and later to St. Clairsville, 
 where in 1815 he organized the Union Hu- 
 mane Society, one of the first antislavery so- 
 cieties. He also contributed articles to The 
 Philanthropist, published by Charles Os- 
 born in Mount Pleasant. After two years 
 in St. Louis, Mo., (1819-21), he returned 
 to Ohio and established The Genius of Uni- 
 versal Emancipation in Mount Pleasant. 
 This antislavery paper he soon moved to 
 Greenville, Tenn., and later published in 
 Baltimore, Md., and Washington, D. C. A 
 pioneer abolitionist, Lundy is usually cred- 
 ited with converting William Lloyd Garri- 
 son to the cause of abolition. He published 
 numerous pamphlets, the most influential of 
 which was an anonymous argument against 
 the annexation of Texas: The War in Texas 
 . . . , Philadelphia, 1836. 
 
 LUPTON, DILWORTH (Sept. 15, 1883- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Sheffield Scientific School in 1905 and from 
 Meadville School of Theology in 1916. 
 After serving a church in Louisville, Ky., 
 1916-19, he was pastor of the First Uni- 
 tarian Church, Cleveland, 1919-42. He 
 conducted a column in the Cleveland Press, 
 1942-47. He now lives in Clearwater, Fla. 
 He has published Religion Says You Can, 
 Boston, [1938]. WW 27 
 
 LUTE is an unidentified author of Wyandot 
 County. Her work discloses that she was a 
 poor and pious lady who wrote poor and 
 pious poetry. According to the late John 
 D. Sears of Upper Sandusky, " 'Lute's 
 Poems' are the unassisted work of a young 
 lady who was brought up in Wyandot 
 County, whose intellectual training was the 
 work of our common and other schools, 
 and whose heart here received the educa- 
 tion of love, hope and disappointment 
 
399 
 
 Lydenberg 
 
 which finds full expression in the volume 
 
 before us." 
 
 Poems by Lute . . . , Dayton, 1858. 
 
 LUTHER, CLAIR FRANKLIN (Oct. 3, 
 1866-Sept. 11, 1938), clergyman, was born 
 in Burton, Geauga County. He graduated 
 from Painesville High School, attended 
 Western Reserve University, 1885-87, grad- 
 uated from Amherst College in 1889 and 
 from Yale Divinity School in 1892, and 
 was ordained to the Congregational min- 
 istry in 1892. He served as pastor of var- 
 ious New England churches, 1892-1937. 
 His death occurred in Amherst, Mass. An 
 authority on American coins and furniture, 
 he published numerous articles and a book: 
 The Hadley Chest, Hartford, Conn., 1935. 
 
 LUTZ, HARLEY LEIST (July 30, 1882- 
 ), educator, was born near Chillicothe, 
 Ross County. He graduated from Oberlin 
 College in 1907 and from Harvard Univer- 
 sity (Ph.D.) in 1914. He was on the Ober- 
 lin faculty, 1909-23, and also taught at 
 Stanford University. 1923-28, and Prince- 
 ton University, 1928-47. He now lives in 
 Princeton, N. J. Besides economics text- 
 books and professional articles, he has 
 written a book under the sponsorship of the 
 National Association of Manufacturers: 
 Bring Government Back Home! . . . , New 
 York, 1950. WW 26 
 
 LUTZ, HARRY ELMER (Sept. 18, 1860- 
 Dec. 12, 1950), lawyer and banker, was 
 born in Circleville, Pickaway County. After 
 graduating from Wittenberg College (A.B., 
 1879; M.A., 1881), he traveled in Europe 
 and the Near East. He then read law in 
 his father's office in Circleville and was ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar in 1883. He also 
 owned and edited the Circleville Union 
 Herald and served as postmaster of that 
 community. In 1890 he moved to the State 
 of Washington, where he organized the 
 Bank of Clallam County, of which he was 
 president for 29 years. He died in Los An- 
 geles. 
 
 A Student's Views Abroad, Cincinnati, 
 1888. 
 
 LUTZ, RALPH HAS WELL (May 18. 1886- 
 ), educator, son of Harry E. Lutz 
 (q.v. ), was born in Circleville, Pickaway 
 County. He graduated from Stanford Uni- 
 versity in 1906 and from the University of 
 Washington Law School in 1907. He also 
 studied in Germany (Ph.D., Heidelberg, 
 1910). He has taught in the history depart- 
 ments of the University of Washington and 
 of Stanford University, and has been pro- 
 
 fessor emeritus at the latter institution since 
 1952. He has edited or written numerous 
 historical studies, e.g., The German Revolu- 
 tion, Stanford University, 1922. WW 30 
 
 LUXON, NORVAL NEIL (May 16, 1899- 
 ), educator, was born in New London, 
 Huron County. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University in 1923 and from Univer- 
 sity of California (Ph.D.) in 1940. He was 
 on the Ohio State journalism faculty, 1928- 
 53, and is now dean of the School of Jour- 
 nalism, University of North Carolina. He 
 has written numerous magazine articles, a 
 journalism textbook, and the history of a 
 magazine: Niles Weekly Register . . . , 
 Baton Rouge, [La.], 1947. WW 30 
 
 LYBARGER, DONALD FISHER (Dec. 19, 
 1896- ), born in Harrisburg, Pa., was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar in 1923 and prac- 
 ticed in Cleveland until 1928. He has served 
 as recorder of Cuyahoga County, 1933-50, 
 and as common pleas judge since 1950. He 
 has written books of family history and The 
 Origin of the Western Reserve, [Cleveland, 
 1934]. WW 30 
 
 LYBARGER, EDWIN LEWIS (Sept. 29, 
 1840-June 27, 1924), merchant, was born 
 in Wayne County. He served as a captain 
 in the 43rd O.V.I., and after the war he 
 settled at Spring Mountain, Coshocton 
 County. He served in the state legislature, 
 was a successful merchant in Warsaw, and 
 was prominent in business circles in Co- 
 shocton. He published Leaves from My 
 Diary. Being the Transcript of the Daily 
 Record I Kept during Sherman's March to 
 the Sea and to the End of the War, War- 
 saw, [1910]. 
 
 LYBARGER, LEE FRANCIS (May 15, 
 1865- ), lawyer, was born in Mil- 
 
 wood, Knox County. He attended Univer- 
 sity of Wooster and Buchtel College, 1888- 
 93, taught in Neff College of Oratory, 
 Philadelphia, 1893-98, and was admitted 
 to the Pennsylvania bar in 1900. He prac- 
 ticed in Mifflinburg. Pa., and was also a 
 popular lyceum and Chautauqua speaker. 
 He published several books and pamphlets 
 on economics, e.g., The Tariff — What It Is, 
 How It Works, Whom It Benefits . . . , 
 Greenville, Pa., 1909. WWNAA 7 
 
 LYDENBERG, HARRY MILLER (Nov. 18, 
 1874-April 16, 1960), librarian, was born 
 in Dayton, Montgomery County, the son 
 of Wesley Braxton and Marianna Miller 
 Lydenberg. As a boy he carried newspa- 
 pers on a route in Dayton, and in the win- 
 
Lyle 
 
 400 
 
 ter of 1888-89 he worked as a page in the 
 Dayton Public Library, prefiguring at an 
 early age his lifelong devotion to the care 
 and dissemination of the printed word. 
 After graduating from Dayton Central 
 High School in 1892, he went to Harvard. 
 There he completed four years' work in 
 three and received his A.B. in 1897. While 
 in Cambridge he worked in the Harvard 
 College Library to help pay his student ex- 
 penses. Before receiving his college degree 
 he came to the Lenox Library, New York 
 City, in 1896 as a cataloguer. Although 
 the Lenox Library had been consolidated 
 with the Astor Library and the Tilden 
 Trust in 1895 to form the New York Pub- 
 lic Library, the collections of the Lenox 
 Library were still kept together in the old 
 building on Fifth Avenue between 70th 
 and 71st Streets, where they remained until 
 the headquarters building of the New 
 York Public Library was completed and 
 opened in 1911. Mr. Lydenberg remained 
 on the staff of the New York Public Li- 
 brary until 1941. He was in charge of 
 manuscripts from 1896 to 1899, and was 
 assistant to the director, Dr. John Shaw 
 Billings (q.v.), from 1899 to 1908. For two 
 decades, 1908-1927, he was chief reference 
 librarian. Following Dr. Billings' death in 
 1913, Mr. Lydenberg's principal work and 
 achievement was the building up of the 
 great reference collection of the New York 
 Public Library. In the nineteenth century, 
 the Astor Library had become the finest 
 reference collection in the United States. 
 When the special collections of the Lenox 
 Library were added to this, there was a 
 great incentive to maintain the New York 
 Public Library as one of the great reference 
 libraries of the world. Mr. Lydenberg's 
 work in this field was outstanding. In 1927 
 he became the library's assistant director, 
 and in 1934, upon the retirement of Edwin 
 Anderson, he became director — a position 
 he held until 1941. During his directorship 
 he was chief not only of the great reference 
 library at 42nd Street, but also of the more 
 than fifty branches of the circulation de- 
 partment. During these years of economic 
 depression, Mr. Lydenberg sought to make 
 the Library serve its teeming public to the 
 fullest possible extent. In 1941-43 he was 
 director-librarian of the Biblioteca Ben- 
 jamin Franklin in Mexico City, an institu- 
 tion sponsored by Nelson Rockefeller for 
 the improvement of relations between the 
 United States and Latin America. From 
 1943 to 1946 he was director of the Board 
 of International Relations of the American 
 Library Association, with headquarters at 
 the Library of Congress. In 1946 he visited 
 
 Germany as a member of the American 
 Library Mission. In 1947 he retired from 
 active library work. Mr. Lydenberg is au- 
 thor of the standard History of the New 
 York Public Library, a work of 643 pages 
 published by the Library in 1923. The fol- 
 lowing year saw the publication of his 
 monograph on Dr. John Shaw Billings, the 
 inspiring chief under whom he worked 
 during his early years in New York. 
 Lydenberg and John Archer, chief of the 
 library's printing shop and bindery, collab- 
 orated in the preparation of The Care and 
 Repair of Books (1931), a standard work 
 which has been reprinted several times. Mr. 
 Lydenberg translated from the French of 
 Andre Blum two works on subjects in which 
 he was deeply interested: On the Origin of 
 Paper (1934) and The Origins of Printing 
 and Engraving (1940). During his director- 
 ship he devoted much careful attention to 
 the voluminous annual reports of the New 
 York Public Library. Between 1909 and 
 1942 he wrote more than 110 articles which 
 were contributed to books and periodicals. 
 These are largely devoted to various aspects 
 of the public library movement, to the 
 preservation of books, newspapers and other 
 records, to important men in the library 
 world, and to several special scholarly sub- 
 jects. Mr. Lydenberg was president of the 
 New York Library Club, the American 
 Library Association, and the Bibliographi- 
 cal Society of America. He was secretary- 
 treasurer of the American Council of 
 Learned Societies, 1937-41, and a member 
 of the Council's joint committee on mate- 
 rials of research. In 1949 he received the 
 A.L.A.'s Joseph W. Lippincott Award for 
 outstanding library work. In 1943 a 573- 
 page festschrift was published: Bookmen's 
 Holiday: Notes and Studies Written and 
 Gathered in Tribute to Harry Miller Lyden- 
 berg. In his early years Mr. Lydenberg 
 was much interested in rowing — on the 
 Charles, Harlem, and North Rivers. He was 
 an enthusiastic gardener during the many 
 years he lived in Scarsdale. 
 
 George L. McKay 
 
 LYLE, WILLIAM W. (Feb. 20, 1826-Feb. 
 20, 1876), clergyman, was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was a chaplain with the 11th 
 O.V.I., Jan., 1862-June, 1864. His death 
 occurred in Licking County. 
 Lights and Shadows of Army Life . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1865. 
 
 LYMAN, EUGENE WILLIAM (April 4, 
 1872-March 15, 1948), theologian, born in 
 Cummington, Mass., was on the faculty of 
 Oberlin Theological Seminary, 1913-18, 
 
401 
 
 McAdam 
 
 before joining the faculty of Union Theo- 
 logical Seminary, where he served 1918-40. 
 He wrote while at Oberlin The Experience 
 of God in Modern Life, New York, 1918. 
 RLA 2 
 
 LYON, JESSICA. Pseud. See Cateau de 
 Leeuw. 
 
 LYONS, JOHN FREDERICK (Sept. 12, 
 1878- ), librarian, was born near 
 Chandlersville, Muskingum County. He 
 graduated from University of Wooster in 
 1901 and from McCormick Theological 
 Seminary in 1904. After serving as a Pres- 
 byterian clergyman in Oregon, 1907-12, he 
 joined the McCormick faculty as librarian 
 and instructor in bibliography. He retired 
 in 1949 and now lives in Chicago. He has 
 written articles and Centennial Sketch of the 
 History of the Presbytery of Chicago, Chi- 
 cago, 1947. WW 27 
 
 LYTLE, JAMES ROBERT (April 9, 1841- 
 Sept. 21, 1924), lawyer, was born in Fair- 
 field County. During the last year of the 
 Civil War, he served with the 159th O.V.I. 
 He enrolled in Ohio Wesleyan University, 
 read law during vacations, graduated in 
 
 1868, and was admitted to the bar in 
 
 1869. He practiced in Delaware. He edited 
 and wrote portions of 20th Century His- 
 tory of Delaware County, Ohio . . . , [Chi- 
 cago, 1908]. 
 
 LYTLE, JOHN HORACE (Oct. 17, 1884- 
 ), advertising executive, was born in 
 Dayton, Montgomery County. He organ- 
 ized J. Horace Lytle Company and was its 
 president, 1919-45. Widely known as a 
 hunting expert and as a judge of field trials, 
 he was gun dog editor of Field and Stream 
 for more than twenty years. He has written 
 a number of books, both fiction and non- 
 fiction, about hunting and dogs, e.g., Sandy 
 Oorang and Other Stories of Dogs and the 
 Wilderness, New York, 1922. WW 26 
 
 LYTLE, KATHERINE WILLIAMS (July 14, 
 1894- ), was born in Churchill, Trum- 
 bull County. She attended Youngstown 
 schools. Her last address in Ohioana files 
 was Canton. She has published a volume 
 of verse: Words, Boston, [1947]. 
 
 LYTLE, WILLIAM HAINES (Nov. 2, 1826- 
 Sept. 20, 1863), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. During the Mexican War 
 he served in the 2nd Ohio Infantry as a 
 captain. He later served in the Ohio legis- 
 lature. A major general during the Civil 
 War, he was wounded at Carnifex Ferry 
 and was killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 
 1863. His best-known poem, "Antony and 
 Cleopatra," first appeared in a Cincinnati 
 newspaper, July 29, 1858. It had been sent 
 to the editors by the Cincinnati poet, Wil- 
 liam W. Fosdick, with the comment "We 
 predict a popularity and perpetuity for it 
 unsurpassed by any Western production." 
 The prediction was remarkably accurate, 
 for after nearly a century of declamation, 
 the popular lines beginning "I'm dying, 
 Egypt, dying!" are still widely remembered 
 as Lytle's, although the line itself is a di- 
 rect quotation from Shakespeare (Antony 
 and Cleopatra IV, xv, 18). 
 Poems of William Haines Lytle, (W. H. 
 Venable, ed.), Cincinnati, 1894. 
 
 LYTTLE, CHARLES HAROLD (July 16, 
 1884- ), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He 
 graduated from Western Reserve University 
 in 1907 and from Meadville Theological 
 Seminary in 1910. He served Unitarian 
 churches in Brooklyn, N. Y., taught in Illi- 
 nois and at Meadville Seminary, and was on 
 the faculty of the University of Chicago, 
 1943—49. His writings include The Pentecost 
 of American Unitarianism . . . , Boston, 
 [1920]. WW 30 
 
 LYTTLETON, KAY. Pseud. See Mary A. 
 Amsbary. 
 
 M 
 
 MABIE, LOUISE KENNEDY (d. Nov. 10, 
 1957), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She attended Horace Mann School, 
 New York City, and was tutored at home. 
 Married to Webster B. Mabie, she lived in 
 California after 1923. Her death occurred in 
 Los Angeles. She wrote short stories for 
 
 Saturday Evening Post and other national 
 magazines and published at least two novels, 
 e.g., The Wings of Pride, New York, 1913. 
 WWW 3 
 
 McADAM, DUNLAP JAMISON (Aug. 2, 
 1843-Feb. 15, 1925), educator and consult- 
 
McAdams 
 
 402 
 
 ing engineer, was born in Moorefield, Har- 
 rison County. He left his studies at Ohio 
 University to enlist in the 126th O.V.I., and 
 after the war he attended Washington and 
 Jefferson College. After serving as superin- 
 tendent of schools in Carrollton (1870- 
 72), he began a long tenure (1872-1914) 
 as professor of mathematics at Washington 
 and Jefferson. His writings include Einstein's 
 Relativity; A Criticism, Boston, [1922]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 McADAMS, FRANCIS MARION (Oct. 13, 
 1838-Nov. 6, 1886). was born in Union 
 Township, Champaign County. He grew up 
 on a farm, taught in district schools, and 
 served as a sergeant in the 113th O.V.I., 
 Aug., 1862-July, 1865. After the war he 
 operated stores in Mutual and Mingo. In 
 1881 he settled in Richwood, and he died in 
 that community. 
 
 Every-day Soldier Life, or a History of the 
 One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Volun- 
 teer Infantry, Columbus, 1884. 
 
 McALISTER, MICHAEL (Feb. 1, 1809-Aug. 
 6, 1886), was born in County Down, Ire- 
 land. After coming to the United States in 
 1842, he lived for ten years near Marietta 
 and in 1852 moved to Columbus. Between 
 1860 and 1882, he wrote for various news- 
 papers under the name Thomas Addis. His 
 only book is a nationalistic account of Eng- 
 lish persecution of the Irish. 
 An Authentic History of Ireland and Its 
 People, [Columbus], 1880. 
 
 McALLESTER, MRS. SAMUEL J. See 
 
 Dorothy G. Jarnagin. 
 
 McAllister, anna shannon (Mrs. 
 
 Earl S.) (March 11, 1888- ), was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, but has 
 spent most of her life in Columbus, where 
 she now resides. She graduated from Colum- 
 bus School for Girls in 1905 and Ohio State 
 University in 1909. She has written several 
 biographies of women, e.g., Ellen Ewing, 
 Wife of General Sherman, New York, 1936. 
 WO 2 
 
 McAllister, Frederick borman 
 
 (Feb. 8, 1888- ), clergyman, was born 
 in Exeter, Pa. He graduated from Bucknell 
 University in 1911 and Colgate-Rochester 
 Divinity School in 1914 and was ordained 
 to the ministry of the Baptist Church in the 
 same year. After serving pastorates in other 
 states, he served a Baptist church in Youngs- 
 town, 1931-42, and became pastor of Ninth 
 Street Baptist Church, Cincinnati, in 1942. 
 He is now living in that city. He has written 
 
 Frank Answers to Youth Questions, New 
 York, [1935]. WW 27 
 
 McALLISTER, HUGH. Pseud. See James A. 
 Braden. 
 
 MACARTNEY, CLARENCE EDWARD 
 NOBLE (Sept. 18, 1879-Feb. 19, 1957), 
 clergyman, was born in Northwood, Logan 
 County. His father, Dr. John Longfellow 
 Macartney, was pastor of First Miami Re- 
 formed Presbyterian Church of Northwood 
 and professor of natural sciences in Geneva 
 Hall. Less than a year after Clarence's birth, 
 the school was moved to Beaver Falls, Pa., 
 where it became Geneva College. Here he 
 spent his boyhood years. On the Geneva 
 campus the Macartneys built a home which 
 they called Ferncliffe. In later years it be- 
 came the center for many a family reunion, 
 and here Clarence returned after serious ill- 
 ness forced the relinquishing of his Pitts- 
 burgh pastorate, to suffer constant pain and 
 yet to work on with his pen in perfect peace 
 until the call came to join the Church Tri- 
 umphant. At Ferncliffe he spent most of his 
 youth, and in Geneva College he received a 
 part of his collegiate training, going on to 
 Denver University, Pomona College, and the 
 University of Wisconsin, where he majored 
 in history and earned his bachelor's degree in 
 1901. Then after a year's experience in news- 
 paper work he moved on to Princeton, 
 matriculating both in the university and the 
 theological seminary. At the former he 
 earned the master of arts degree in 1904, 
 and at the latter the degree of bachelor of 
 divinity in 1905. He did not seek a graduate 
 fellowship or go abroad for further study, 
 as friends urged him to do, but plunged at 
 once into the work of the pastorate. How- 
 ever, his education went on throughout life, 
 and by rigid self-discipline he became a mas- 
 ter in several widely separated fields, and 
 several institutions recognized his scholar- 
 ship by conferring on him honorary doctor- 
 ates. Nor did he choose an easy field. Soon 
 after graduation from Princeton Seminary he 
 accepted a call to the First Presbyterian 
 Church, Paterson, N. J., not for what it 
 offered but for what it needed. Paterson, a 
 densely populated and highly industrialized 
 area, with much grinding poverty and much 
 seething discontent among its mill people, 
 was enough to appall any beginner in the 
 ministry. Indeed, Macartney seemed to be 
 welcomed to the city with several bombing 
 outrages, which were charged to organized 
 groups of anarchists. But there he was or- 
 dained and installed by the Presbytery of 
 Jersey City in the autumn of 1905, and there 
 he labored for nine fruitful years. He be- 
 
403 
 
 McBride, R. W. 
 
 came known as a strong preacher of the 
 Christian faith, drawing thoughtful people 
 from beyond the limits of his parish and his 
 city. In 1914 he accepted a call to the Arch 
 Street Church of Philadelphia. There he 
 quickly made his pulpit a trumpeting tower 
 for evangelical Christianity. There he con- 
 tinued with growing power and widening 
 influence until summoned to Pittsburgh late 
 in 1927. He left Arch Street, as he had left 
 Paterson, with its membership almost 
 doubled. During the turmoil of World War I 
 he held the rudder steady, speaking always 
 in accents of ardent but sober patriotism, 
 yet never allowing men to forget that their 
 enlistment was in a higher service, one more 
 vital to the country's welfare than even the 
 promotion of the war effort. During the 
 early 1920s the fundamentalist-modernist 
 controversy arose in the Presbyterian ranks. 
 Macartney's convictions and his Covenanter 
 antecedents made him a natural leader of 
 the conservative party. He was, therefore, 
 unanimously elected moderator of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly at the age of 45. He filled the 
 office with distinction. In a difficult Assembly 
 he was acclaimed by both parties for his 
 absolute fairness. But with the two most 
 aggressive fundamentalist leaders, J. Gresham 
 Machen and Oswald T. Allis. both his class- 
 mates at Princeton, he could not see eye to 
 eye. He had no sympathy with their vitriolic 
 attacks on the motives of those who op- 
 posed them. He would have nothing to do 
 with the formation of a schismatic "Ortho- 
 dox Presbyterian Church." The atmosphere 
 in Philadelphia continued tense with strife, 
 and he probably welcomed an escape to 
 Pittsburgh, where at that time there seemed 
 to be more of brotherly love. Years later 
 when a young friend asked why he had not 
 gone into the Orthodox Church, he answered 
 thoughtfully, "They spoke the truth, but not 
 in love." The great downtown First Church 
 of Pittsburgh had long been among the most 
 active and influential in the entire denomi- 
 nation. Here for 26 years he preached twice 
 each Sunday and once or twice on weekdays 
 to congregations which crowded the build- 
 ing. With the help of a considerable staff, he 
 carried on a tireless and effective pastoral 
 ministry. Generally for two summer months 
 he was found traveling; he traveled with a 
 purpose, for on these journeys much of the 
 material for his books was gathered. Most of 
 his many books were written during his 
 Pittsburgh ministry. The first threatening 
 break in his robust health came in the late 
 1940s, and twice he underwent major sur- 
 gery. In 1953 he was compelled to relin- 
 quish the work to which he had devoted 48 
 crowded years. He must stand high on any 
 
 list of Ohio-born authors, both for the quan- 
 tity and for the quality of his literary output. 
 Almost sixty volumes of sermons, theolog- 
 ical, and polemical works, and studies in 
 American history flowed from his facile 
 pen. Representative works include The Para- 
 bles of the Old Testament, New York, 
 [1916]; Lincoln and His Generals, Phila- 
 delphia, [1925]: Paul the Man . . . , New 
 York, [1928]; Parallel Lives of the Old and 
 New Testament, New York, [1930]; Right 
 Here in Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, [1937]; and 
 Men Who Missed It ... , Philadelphia, 1940. 
 
 E. B. Welsh 
 
 MACAULEY, CHARLES RAYMOND (March 
 29, 1871-Nov. 24, 1934), cartoonist and 
 author, was born in Canton, Stark County. 
 After winning a fifty-dollar prize offered by 
 the Cleveland Press for the best cartoon, he 
 began drawing political cartoons for Cleve- 
 land newspapers. In 1894 he moved to New 
 York City, where he was a cartoonist for 
 various newspapers. He won the Pulitzer 
 Prize for cartooning in 1929. He wrote and 
 illustrated Fantasma Land, Indianapolis, 
 [1904]. WWW 1 
 
 McBRIDE, JAMES (Nov. 2, 1788-Oct. 3, 
 1859), was born near Greencastle, Pa. At 
 the age of eighteen he came to Hamilton, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 According to Henry Howe, he made enough 
 money on trading expeditions to New 
 Orleans during the War of 1812 to devote 
 himself to local history and archaeology. 
 He served at various times as county sheriff, 
 mayor of Hamilton, and clerk of county 
 courts. He was a convert to Symmes' theory 
 of concentric spheres and wrote a book de- 
 scribing it. He accumulated a library of 
 5,000 volumes, most of them related to 
 Western history. His Notes on Hamilton was 
 written in 1831, though not published until 
 1898. 
 
 Naval Biography . . . , Cincinnati, 1815. 
 Symmes Theory of Concentric Spheres; 
 
 Demonstrating That the Earth Is Hollow, 
 
 Habitable Within and Widely Open at the 
 
 Poles, Cincinnati, 1826. 
 A Sketch of the Life and Character of John 
 
 Reify, Deed, Hamilton, 1850. 
 Pioneer Biography. Sketches of the Lives of 
 
 Some of the Early Settlers of Butler 
 
 County, Ohio, 2 vols., Cincinnati, 1869— 
 
 71. 
 Notes on Hamilton . . . , Hamilton, 1898. 
 
 McBRIDE, ROBERT W. (Jan. 25, 1842- 
 May 15, 1926), lawyer, was born in Rich- 
 land County. He attended the public schools 
 of Mansfield and of Iowa, where his family 
 moved in 1857. While he was living with 
 
McCabe, L. R. 
 
 404 
 
 relatives in Ohio in 1863, Governor David 
 Tod organzed the 7th Independent Company 
 of Ohio Voluntary Cavalry, which was to 
 consist of one man from each county and 
 was intended to serve as bodyguard to Presi- 
 dent Lincoln. McBride enlisted in the or- 
 ganization and became first corporal and 
 company clerk. After the war he attended 
 Kirkwood Academy in Iowa, was admitted 
 to the bar in 1867, and practiced law in Iowa 
 until 1890, when he moved to Indianapolis. 
 He served as justice of the Indiana Supreme 
 Court, 1890-93. In 1908 the survivors of 
 "Lincoln's Body Guard" met in Columbus to 
 form a permanent organization. McBride was 
 elected secretary, and the following year 
 published the history of the organization: 
 Lincoln's Body Guard, the Union Light 
 Guard, the Seventh Independent Company 
 of Ohio Volunteer Cavalry 1863—65, [In- 
 dianapolis, 1908]. In 1926 he rewrote and 
 expanded the work and issued it under the 
 title Personal Recollections of Abraham 
 Lincoln . . . , Indianapolis, [1926]. He 
 practiced law in Indianapolis until his death. 
 
 McCABE, LIDA ROSE (March 3, 1865-Dec. 
 9, 1938), journalist, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. After attending Columbus 
 schools, she studied at the Sorbonne and 
 Columbia University. She began contributing 
 to the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette when 
 she was eighteen. She was a correspondent 
 for the New York Tribune, the Herald, the 
 Times, the Sun, and the Press. She was the 
 first woman correspondent to go to the Klon- 
 dike. She also wrote for Lippincott's and 
 other magazines. 
 
 Don't You Remember?, Boston, 1884. 
 The American Girl at College, New York, 
 
 1893. 
 Ardent Adrienne, the Life of Madame de 
 La Fayette, New York, 1930. 
 
 McCABE, LORENZO DOW (Jan. 17, 1817- 
 July 19, 1897), educator, was born in Mari- 
 etta, Washington County. Orphaned at the 
 age of six, he attended Marietta schools and 
 worked in a store to earn his keep. He at- 
 tended Ohio University and graduated in 
 1843. In 1845 he joined the faculty of Ohio 
 Wesleyan University as professor of mathe- 
 matics; in 1860 he was made professor of 
 philosophy and remained on the faculty until 
 his death. Twice during interregnums he 
 served as acting president. 
 Light on the Pathway of Holiness, Cincin- 
 nati, 1872. 
 The Foreknowledge of God . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1878. 
 Divine Nescience of Contingencies, New 
 York, 1882. 
 
 McCALEB, WALTER FLAVIUS (Oct. 17, 
 1873- ), born in Benton City, Texas, 
 and now a resident of Austin, spent ten years 
 in Cleveland as organizer and manager of 
 the Cooperative National Bank. He has or- 
 ganized labor banks in various cities. He has 
 written 26 books, e.g. Ring: A Frontier Dog, 
 New York, 1921, and Theodore Roosevelt, 
 New York, 1931, but is best known as an 
 authority on the life of Aaron Burr. He 
 wrote The Aaron Burr Conspiracy . . . , 
 New York, 1903. WW 30 
 
 McCANDLISH, EDWARD GERSTELL 
 
 (1887-Dec. 6, 1946), born in Piedmont, W. 
 Va., lived in Van Wert in the 1930s. A re- 
 porter and an artist on the Washington Post, 
 the Detroit Free Press, and other papers, he 
 also designed children's toys and wrote and 
 illustrated children's books. He died in 
 North Brookfield, Mass. His children's books 
 include The Bunny Tot's Rainy Day Book, 
 New York, [1928]. 
 
 McCANN, SISTER MARY AGNES (April 
 24, 1851 -Oct. 12, 1931), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. She attended Mt. 
 St. Vincent Academy, Ohio Mechanics In- 
 stitute, and Mt. St. Mary Seminary. After 
 joining the Sisters of Charity in 1867, she 
 served as treasurer of her community in 
 Cincinnati for sixteen years and afterward 
 taught in schools in Cincinnati, Springfield, 
 and Bay City, Mich. She published several 
 historical and biographical works concerning 
 the Sisters of Charity, e.g., The History of 
 Mother Seton's Daughters . . . , New York, 
 1917. 
 
 McCARTY, IDA HELEN DOUTHETT (June 
 19, 1876- ), was born on a farm near 
 
 Orbiston, Hocking County. She attended 
 public school at Nelsonville, and after grad- 
 uating from high school at Athens in 1893 
 she began teaching school. She attended 
 Ohio University while teaching at the Athens 
 Children's Home. Since her marriage to 
 Marshall B. McCarty in 1900, she has lived 
 in Pennville, Ind. Her verse and prose have 
 appeared in many periodicals, and she has 
 published one book: Mariam'ne of the 
 Cedars, New York, 1911. IATB 
 
 McCAUGHEY, MARETTA ROBISON (Aug. 
 13, 1852-Jan. 7, 1907), was born in Findlay, 
 Hancock County. She taught in the Findlay 
 schools for eight years before marrying 
 George B. McCaughey in 1878. In 1887 they 
 moved to Frankfort, Ind., where she spent 
 the remainder of her life. Her poems ap- 
 peared in numerous periodicals: and a col- 
 lection was published by her family after 
 
405 
 
 McClure, M. B. 
 
 her death from tuberculosis: When Lilacs 
 Bloom, and Other Poems . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [1909]. IATB 
 
 McCAULEY, WILLIAM FLETCHER (Dec. 
 6. 1858-March 13. 1915), clergyman, was 
 born near West Salem, Wayne County. He 
 graduated from Lebanon University in 1883 
 and Lane Theological Seminary in 1886. 
 Ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 
 1886, he served as pastor of churches in 
 Dayton, Toledo, and Cincinnati. In 1911 he 
 became a pastor in McKeesport. Pa. 
 Next Steps, Chicago, 1897. 
 The Bible in Story, Cincinnati, 1902. 
 The Bible in the Public Schools, [Cincin- 
 nati?, 1907?]. 
 
 MACCHETTA, BLANCHE ROOSEVELT 
 TUCKER (1853-Sept. 15, 1898), was born 
 in Sandusky, Erie County. After studying 
 singing in Italy, she made her debut at 
 Covent Garden, London. She married Signor 
 Macchetta. later Marquis d'Alligri. In 1877 
 she retired from the stage to devote herself 
 to literature, but two years later she resumed 
 her career, singing in H.M.S. Pinafore in 
 England and the United States. She created 
 a libretto from Longfellow's Masque of Pan- 
 dora which was presented in Boston in 1882 
 with music by Alfred Cellier. She retired 
 permanently in 1882 and afterward lived in 
 London, where she served as correspondent 
 for several periodicals. 
 The Home Life of Henry W. Longfellow 
 
 . . . , New York, 1882. 
 Marked "In Haste." A Story of To-day . . . , 
 
 New York, 1883. 
 Stage-struck .... New York, 1884. 
 Life and Reminiscences of Gustave Dore 
 
 . . . , New York, 1885. 
 The Copper Queen .... [London], 1886. 
 Verdi .... London, 1887. 
 Victorien Sardou . . . , London, 1892. 
 
 McCLAIN, NAOMI STEVENS (Sept. 19, 
 1906- ), was born in Belief ontaine, Logan 
 County, where she attended local schools. 
 She has published a collection of verse, 
 illustrated by herself: Thoughts along the 
 Trail, [Bellefontaine. 1944]. 
 
 McClelland, stewart wining 
 
 (March 10, 1891- ), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Austinburg. Ashtabula 
 County. He graduated from Denison Uni- 
 versity in 1912 and McCormick Theological 
 Seminary in 1915. After being ordained to 
 the Presbyterian ministry, he served churches 
 in Ohio and Michigan: he was president of 
 Lincoln Memorial University, 1932-47. He 
 lectured widely on Abraham Lincoln and 
 
 also published a number of pamphlets, e.g., 
 Lincoln and Common Sense . . . , [Los 
 Angeles, 1946]. 
 
 McCLINTICK, WILLIAM TRIMBLE (1819- 
 Oct. 28, 1903), lawyer, was born in Chilli- 
 cothe. Ross County. He practiced throughout 
 his life in Chillicothe and became one of 
 Ohio's distinguished attorneys. He wrote a 
 number of articles for the Ohio State 
 Archaeological and Historical Society and 
 Verses Written during a Busy Lawyer's Life, 
 Chillicothe, 1902. 
 
 McCLOSKEY, ROBERT (Sept. 15, 1914- 
 ), artist and writer, was born in Hamilton, 
 Butler County. After studying art in Boston 
 and at the National Academy of Design. 
 New York City, he was awarded the coveted 
 Prix de Rome in 1939. He served in the 
 army in World War II and now spends his 
 winters in New York State and his summers 
 on an island off Cape Rosier, Maine. He has 
 twice received the Caldecott Medal for his 
 books for children, which he illustrates him- 
 self, e.g.. Make Way for Ducklings, New 
 York, 1941. 
 
 McCLUNG, DAVID WADDLE (Dec. 18, 
 1831-Aug. 18, 1916). was born on a farm 
 in Seneca County. He attended district 
 schools, taught school, and graduated from 
 Miami University in 1854. He was superin- 
 tendent of schools in Hamilton, edited the 
 Hamilton Intelligencer, and read law. From 
 April. 1861, to Nov., 1865, he served in the 
 3rd O.V.I. After the Civil War he was 
 president of Hamilton Second National Bank 
 for two years and held various posts in Cin- 
 cinnati — assistant postmaster, surveyor of the 
 port, and internal revenue collector. He died 
 in Cincinnati and is buried in Hamilton. 
 The Centennial Anniversary of the City of 
 
 Hamilton . . . , Hamilton, 1892. 
 Money Talks. Some of the Things It Says 
 
 When It Speaks, Cincinnati, 1894. 
 
 McCLURE, DAVID (Nov. 18, 1748-June 25, 
 1820), missionary, born in Newport, R. I., 
 visited the Indians around the forks of the 
 Muskingum in 1772 and wrote a valuable 
 account of this visit: Diary of David Mc- 
 Clure, New York, 1899. 
 
 McCLURE, MARJORIE BARKLEY (Mrs. 
 
 Franklin E.) (March 15, 1882- ), was 
 born in Newark, N. J. She graduated from 
 Detroit Seminary in 1901, lived in Akron 
 and Cleveland from 1910 to 1940, and now 
 lives in Westport, Conn. She has published 
 several novels, e.g., Many Waters, New 
 York, 1926. WW 21 
 
McClure, R. E. 
 
 406 
 
 McCLURE, ROBERT EMERSON (June 12, 
 1896- ), journalist, was born in Colum- 
 
 bus, Franklin County. He attended Oberlin 
 College for a time and graduated from Yale 
 University in 1918. He published the Youngs- 
 town Telegram and later the Santa Monica 
 Evening Outlook. He now lives in Los Ange- 
 les. He has published several novels, e.g., 
 A Fable for Wives . . . , New York, 1932. 
 WW 26 
 
 McCLURE, SAMUEL GRANT, JR. (March 
 7, 1900-July 25, 1922), was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County, but grew up in 
 Youngstown, where his family moved in 
 1906. He graduated from Taft School in 
 1918 and spent one year in Sheffield School 
 before transferring to Yale. He drowned in 
 Lake Erie in a boating accident. After his 
 death his family published privately a col- 
 lection of his poems, prose pieces, and let- 
 ters: The Portfolio of Samuel G. McClure, 
 Jr., Youngstown, 1922. 
 
 McCOMBS, RALPH L. F. (Oct. 5, 1897- 
 ), was born in Columbus. Franklin 
 County. After graduating from Ohio State 
 University in 1919. he taught school, 
 worked on the Columbus Citizen, was pub- 
 lic relations director for the Philadelphia 
 Orchestra, 1942^16, and has held other pub- 
 lic relations posts. He is now public relations 
 counsel for Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. 
 He prepared the program books for the 
 Philadelphia Orchestra for eight years and 
 also published a mystery novel which has 
 Music Hall, Cincinnati, as its setting: Clue in 
 Two Flats, New York, 1940. 
 
 McCONN, CHARLES MAXWELL (July 22, 
 1881-April 15, 1953), educator, was born in 
 Ironton, Lawrence County. He graduated 
 from the University of Minnesota in 1903 
 and afterward served in various capacities 
 on the faculties of the University of Illinois. 
 Lehigh University, and New York Uni- 
 versity. His numerous articles and books 
 under the pen name Max McConn include 
 Mollie's Substitute Husband, New York, 
 1920. and several books on higher education, 
 e.g., College or Kindergarten? , New York, 
 1928. WWW 3 
 
 McCONN, MAX. Pseud. See Charles M. Mc- 
 Conn. 
 
 McCONNAUGHEY, JAMES PARKER (April 
 25, 1908- ), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. His wife, Susanne Rike 
 McConnaughey, published her first novel, 
 Point Venus, in 1951. They are now co- 
 publishers of the Kettering News. He has 
 
 published fiction in national magazines and 
 several novels since the appearance of his 
 first: Village Chronicle, New York, [1936]. 
 
 McCONNAUGHEY, SUSANNE RIKE. See 
 
 McConnaughey, James P. 
 
 McCONNELL, CHARLES MELVTN (Jan. 16, 
 1886-Sept. 7, 1957), clergyman, born in In- 
 dianapolis. Ind., graduated from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1907. After his ordination 
 as a Methodist minister, he served several 
 churches in Ohio, 1907-21. He was after- 
 ward on the faculty of the School of Theol- 
 ogy, Boston University. He died in Deering, 
 N. H. A specialist in problems of rural 
 churches, he wrote several studies of the 
 subject, e.g., The Rural Billion, New York, 
 [1931]. WWW 3 
 
 McCONNELL, FRANCIS JOHN (Aug. 18. 
 1871-Aug. 18. 1953), clergyman, was born 
 in Trinway, Muskingum County, the son of 
 a Methodist preacher. The boy made out- 
 standing scholastic records: he graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1894 and 
 Boston University School of Theology in 
 1897. His Ph.D. came from Boston two 
 years later. Behind these bare details lies the 
 fact that McConnell was regarded as the 
 favorite pupil of personalist philosopher 
 Borden P. Bowne. and would have found 
 ready acceptance in the teaching profession. 
 Indeed, in later years he did some classroom 
 instruction at Columbia, Drew. Garrett, 
 Scarritt, and Yale. He delivered the Lyman 
 Beecher lectures at Yale, the Barrows lec- 
 tures in India, and the Tipple lectures at 
 Drew. He served as president of the Re- 
 ligious Education Association and of the 
 Federal Council of Churches. After fifteen 
 years as pastor of churches in Massachusetts 
 and New York, he was president of DePauw 
 University, 1909-14, a post from which he 
 was elected to the episcopacy in the Meth- 
 odist Church. In the development of his 
 thought, two periods are clearly marked. 
 During his early ministry his writings dis- 
 close a controlling theological and philo- 
 sophical bent. The books of this period carry 
 revealing titles: The Diviner Immanence 
 (1906), Christmas Sermons (1909), Re- 
 ligious Certainty (1910), Christian Focus 
 (1911), The Increase of Faith (1912), Per- 
 sonal Christianity (1914), The Essentials of 
 Methodism (1916), and Understanding the 
 Scriptures (1917). Then the theme changed. 
 Not that the heavenly interest was absent 
 from the later writings, but the landscape 
 brought the earth into the foreground with 
 the heavens arching always above. A pre- 
 dominant social interest came into view. In 
 
407 
 
 McCook, H. C. 
 
 1912 McConnell accepted the presidency of 
 the infant Methodist Federation for Social 
 Service and remained its head for more than 
 25 years. He was deeply involved in the 
 Interchurch World Movement as a member 
 of its committee on social action and played 
 a prominent part in securing more humane 
 working conditions, especially in the steel 
 industry. Naturally his writings reflect these 
 social convictions and activities. His later 
 books suggest the change: Democratic Chris- 
 tianity (1919). Public Opinion and The- 
 ology (1920). The Preacher and the People 
 (1922), Is God Limited? (1924), The 
 Christ-like God (1927), The Christian Ideal 
 and Social Control (1933), Christianity and 
 Coercion (1933), and Evangelicals, Revolu- 
 tionists and Idealists (1942). These with 
 three biographical volumes — Bishop Edward 
 Gayer Andrews (1909), Borden Parker 
 Bowne (1929), and John Wesley (1939) — 
 make a large and significant output for any 
 one man. In these writings his strong ethical 
 sense appears vividly: he insists on applying 
 the highest concepts of moral responsibility 
 to God as well as to men. Intellectually he 
 has been counted one of America's ablest 
 exponents of Christian truth and life. He had 
 an inquiring, penetrating, gripping mind 
 which seized and held an immense amount 
 of both concrete fact and abstract truth. Add 
 that this ample store was at instant com- 
 mand, and you have the picture of one 
 equipped not only for the pulpit but also for 
 the platform which is wide open for heckling 
 or debate. He lent his name as officer or 
 sponsor to a great variety of organizations 
 with positive social objectives, some regarded 
 with suspicion by conservatives. Opponents 
 called him a radical, but one shrewd judge re- 
 marked that the men who followed McCon- 
 nell very frequently went further than he 
 himself did. His background of philosophy, 
 his breadth of interests, his saving sense of 
 humor kept his feet on the ground when 
 lesser men were swept away by the currents 
 of fads and panaceas. He had great charity 
 for the weak and wide tolerance for the 
 radical, coupled with considerable impatience 
 for whatever savored of reaction. He could 
 not quite see how any intelligent and open- 
 minded man should not be marching in the 
 front line instead of holding the fort. To him 
 the engine in a car was far more interesting 
 than the brakes. In other words, he was un- 
 mistakably a progressive. An author's books, 
 however numerous and sincere, contain only 
 a fraction of the real man, and his public 
 functions cannot tell the whole story of his 
 spirit and life. This man, with his fresh ap- 
 proach to many problems, his independent 
 and original mind, his marvelous memory. 
 
 was most loved and admired as a loyal 
 friend, a kindly and thoughtful helper. Some 
 of his little letters of sympathy and comfort 
 and appreciation were doubtless as eloquent 
 as anything in his books, and his personal 
 appearance at moments of need often 
 seemed like the visits of angels. He inspired 
 in countless followers a crusading spirit. His 
 writing and speaking and his personal influ- 
 ence all had one dominant theme: 
 
 Live pure, speak true, right wrong, follow 
 
 the King — 
 Else, wherefore born? 
 
 Herbert Welch 
 
 MacCONNELL, SARAH ASTON WARDER 
 
 (July 26, 1869-July 17, 1953), editor and 
 novelist, was born in Springfield, Clark 
 County, the descendant of a pioneer family. 
 She lived in New York City, where she was 
 well known in literary circles. She died in 
 Catskill, N. Y. Her novels include Why, 
 Theodora!, Boston, [1915]. 
 
 McCONOHAY, AUGUSTUS PAYSON (July 
 31, 1838-Aug. 28, 1928), was born in 
 Wooster, Wayne County, where he attended 
 public schools. A peripatetic watchmaker, he 
 went to California in 1861. He later located 
 in Nevada City and remained there until the 
 town was destroyed by fire in 1864, when he 
 returned to Ohio and settled in Van Wert. 
 He wrote a salty account of life in frontier 
 Nevada City during all the excitement which 
 followed the discovery of the nearby Corn- 
 stock Lode: Incidents As I Remember Them 
 Closing 1865, Van Wert, 1927. 
 
 McCOOK, HENRY CHRISTOPHER (July 
 3, 1837-Oct. 31, 1911), clergyman and 
 naturalist, was born in New Lisbon, Colum- 
 biana County, the eldest son in the family of 
 "Fighting McCooks," distinguished soldiers 
 and sailors during the Civil War. Henry 
 graduated from Jefferson College, Canons- 
 burg, Pa., in 1859, studied theology, and was 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 
 1861. He served as lieutenant and later as 
 chaplain of the 41st Illinois Volunteers. 
 After the war he served in city mission work 
 in St. Louis, Mo., until 1870, when he was 
 called to the Tabernacle Church, Philadel- 
 phia, where he remained until 1902. A pro- 
 lific writer and an ardent amateur naturalist, 
 he published poetry, fiction, technical articles, 
 popular books on insects, sermons, and ad- 
 dresses. 
 The Natural History of the Agricultural Ant 
 
 of Texas . . . , [Philadelphia], 1879. 
 The Honey Ants of the Garden of the Gods 
 
 . . . , Philadelphia, 1882. 
 
McCook, J. J. 
 
 408 
 
 Tenants of an Old Farm . . . , New York, 
 1885. 
 
 The Women Friends of Jesus . . . , New 
 York, 1886. 
 
 American Spiders and Their Spinningwork 
 . . . , 3 vols., [Philadelphia], 1889-93. 
 
 Old Farm Fairies . . . , Philadelphia, 1895. 
 
 The Latimers . . . , Philadelphia, 1898. 
 
 The Martial Graves of Our Fallen Heroes 
 in Santiago de Cuba, Philadelphia, 1899. 
 
 The Gospel in Nature, Philadelphia, 1902. 
 
 The Senator; A Threnody, Philadelphia, 
 [1905]. 
 
 Nature's Craftsmen . . . , New York, 1907. 
 
 Ant Communities and How They Are Gov- 
 erned . . . , New York, 1909. 
 
 Prisca of Patmos . . . , Philadelphia, 1911. 
 
 Quaker Ben . . . , Philadelphia, [1911]. 
 
 journalistic career began in Cleveland, where 
 she was associate editor of the Catholic 
 Universe Bulletin, on which her mother, 
 Teresa Beatrice O'Hare (q.v.), was once 
 woman's page editor. After her marriage to 
 Frank Joseph McCormick (q.v.), Dayton 
 engineer and importer, she accompanied him 
 on his trips abroad and sent back feature 
 stories to the New York Times. In 1921 she 
 was accepted as a free-lance correspondent 
 of the Times and in 1926 became a member 
 of its editorial staff. In 1937 she was awarded 
 the Pulitzer Prize for foreign correspond- 
 ence. A skillful interviewer and a tireless 
 traveler, she was perhaps America's greatest 
 woman journalist. Her books include The 
 Hammer and the Scythe . . . , New York, 
 1928. 
 
 McCOOK, JOHN JAMES (Feb. 2, 1843- 
 Jan. 9, 1927), educator and clergyman and 
 a member of the famed "Fighting McCooks" 
 family, was born in New Lisbon, Columbi- 
 ana County. He was reading law in Steuben- 
 ville when the Civil War began. He served 
 with McClellan's forces until 1863, when he 
 entered Trinity College, Conn. He graduated 
 from Berkeley Divinity School in 1866 and 
 was ordained an Episcopal priest in 1867. He 
 served a church in East Hartford, Conn., 
 1868-1927, and taught languages at Trinity 
 College, 1883-1927. He lectured and wrote 
 numerous magazine articles on social 
 problems. 
 Pat and the Council, New York, 1870. 
 
 McCORD, CAREY PRATT (Sept. 25, 1886- 
 ), physician, born in Bibb County, Ala., 
 lived in Ohio from 1920 to 1935 while serv- 
 ing on the University of Cincinnati medical 
 faculty. He has written books on industrial 
 hygiene and A Blind Hog's Acorns; Vignettes 
 of the Maladies of Workers, New York, 
 [1945]. WW 30 
 
 McCORMICK, ALEXANDER STEARNS 
 
 (May 22, 1876- ), Akron physician, was 
 born in Montreal Canada. He was secretary 
 of Summit County Medical Society, 1913- 
 18 and 1921-42. Elected historian in 1942, 
 he compiled material relating to the society 
 and published it in The History of Medicine 
 in Summit County, Ohio, New York, 1946. 
 He has also published a number of medical 
 articles and papers and composed many 
 marches and songs. 
 
 McCORMICK, ANNE O'HARE (1882-May 
 29, 1954), journalist, was born in Wakefield, 
 Yorkshire, England, but spent her girlhood 
 in Columbus, where she graduated from St. 
 Mary of the Springs Academy in 1898. Her 
 
 McCORMICK, FRANK JOSEPH (Dec. 7, 
 1871-Oct. 29, 1954), husband of Anne 
 O'Hare McCormick (q.v.), was born in 
 Dayton, Montgomery County, where his 
 father operated a wholesale plumbing sup- 
 ply company. He was associated with his 
 father's firm for a time and also was an 
 importer and was engaged in the real-estate 
 business. He published a volume of short 
 stories: Four-in-Hand . . . , [Dayton, 1906]. 
 
 MacCRACKEN, HENRY MITCHELL (Sept. 
 28, 1840-Dec. 24, 1918), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Oxford, Butler 
 County. After graduating from Miami Uni- 
 versity in 1857, he taught school for a time 
 in Cedarville and South Charleston. He 
 studied theology at Xenia Seminary and 
 Princeton and was ordained to the Presby- 
 terian ministry in 1863. He was pastor of 
 Westminster Church, Columbus, 1863-67, 
 and of First Presbyterian Church, Toledo, 
 1868-81. He was chancellor of Western 
 University of Pennsylvania, 1881-84, vice- 
 chancellor of New York University, 1884— 
 91, and chancellor, 1891-1910. While at 
 N.Y.U. he originated the Hall of Fame. 
 Several of his addresses were published. He 
 was active in the American Institute of 
 Christian Philosophy and published a series 
 of lectures outlining its history: A Propa- 
 ganda of Philosophy . . . , New York 1914. 
 DAB 11 
 
 MacCRACKEN, HENRY NORLE (Nov. 19, 
 1880- ), educator, son of Henry Mitchell 
 MacCracken (q.v.), was born in Toledo, 
 Lucas County. He graduated from New 
 York University in 1900 and Harvard Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1907. After teaching 
 English in several colleges, he became presi- 
 dent of Vassar College in 1915 and served 
 until 1946. He now lives in Poughkeepsie, 
 
409 
 
 McDonald, J. 
 
 N. Y. He has edited several editions of 
 Shakespeare, published textbooks and public 
 addresses, and written a delightful account 
 of his thirty years at Vassar, which is partly 
 autobiographical but more importantly a 
 discussion of higher education for women 
 and of the history and problems of Vassar: 
 The Hickory Limb, New York, 1950. WW 
 26 
 
 McCREA, MARGARETHE. Pseud. See Jessie 
 M. Heiner. 
 
 McCULLOCH, ROSCOE CONKLING (Nov. 
 27, 1880- ), lawyer and legislator, was 
 born in Millersburg, Holmes County. After 
 studying law at Ohio State University and 
 Western Reserve University, he was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar in 1903 and afterward prac- 
 ticed in Canton and Columbus. He served in 
 Congress, 1915-21, and briefly in the Sen- 
 ate, 1929-30, when appointed to succeed 
 Theodore E. Burton. He published The 
 Truth Will Keep Us Free. Who Defeated 
 Ratification of the League of Nations? 
 [Bexley?, 1944]. WW 30 
 
 McCUSKEY, DOROTHY (Nov. 12, 1906- 
 ), educator, was born in West Lafayette, 
 Coshocton County. She graduated from the 
 College of Wooster in 1929 and Yale Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1936. She has taught in 
 several institutions, including Rio Grande 
 College and Bowling Green University, and 
 is now on the faculty of Western Michigan 
 University. She has written Bronson Alcott, 
 Teacher, New York, 1940. WWAW 1 
 
 McDERMONT, CLARKE (1823-April 7, 
 1881), physician, born in County Antrim, 
 Ireland, came to the United States in 1840. 
 After teaching school in Lexington, Ky., he 
 studied medicine in New York City, Scot- 
 land, and Ireland. In 1852 he began practice 
 in Dayton. He served in the Civil War as a 
 surgeon, and after the war he was appointed 
 surgeon general of Ohio. For criticizing the 
 standards of Ohio medical training and 
 practice, he was censured by the state medi- 
 cal society in 1867. He was surgeon-in-chief 
 at the National Soldiers' Home, Dayton, 
 1867-74. Besides the title below, he wrote a 
 report on inebriate asylums, which was 
 printed in Transactions of the American 
 Medical Society and as a separate work. 
 A History of the First Presbyterian Church 
 of Dayton . . . , Dayton, 1880. 
 
 MacDILL, DAVID (Aug. 10, 1826-1903), 
 clergyman and educator, was born in Morn- 
 ing Sun, Preble County. He graduated from 
 Centre College, Ky., in 1849 and was or- 
 
 dained by the Chillicothe Presbytery in 
 1853. He served churches in Cherry Fork, 
 1853-76, and Henderson, 111., 1877-84. In 
 1884 he became professor of apologetics 
 and homiletics at Xenia Theological Semi- 
 nary. 
 The Life and Character of Hon. Robert 
 
 Morrison, Cincinnati, 1864. 
 Secret Societies . . . , Pittsburgh, Pa., 1867. 
 Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch . . . , 
 
 Dayton, 1896. 
 Modern Pre-millennialism Discussed, Xenia, 
 
 1897. 
 Common Sense and Logic Applied to Dar- 
 winism and Teleology, Xenia, 1899. 
 
 McDONALD, GERALD DOAN (June 5, 
 1905- ), librarian, was born in Wilming- 
 ton, Clinton County. He graduated from 
 Wilmington College in 1927. Since 1930 he 
 has been on the staff of the New York 
 Public Library. He has written articles, re- 
 views, and a book: Educational Motion Pic- 
 tures and Libraries, Chicago, 1942. WWLS 3 
 
 McDONALD, JOHN (Jan. 28, 1775-Sept. 
 11, 1853), was born in Northumberland 
 County, Pa. In 1780 his family crossed 
 the Ohio River — then considered the ex- 
 treme Western frontier — and settled in the 
 Mingo bottom. Here the boy developed into 
 a highly skilled woodsman, acquired a thor- 
 ough knowledge of the habits and tactics of 
 hostile Indians, and somehow managed to 
 become a proficient surveyor. Of this period 
 in his life McDonald wrote: "I am unable to 
 describe the life, the terror, tumult and con- 
 fusion of an Indian alarm. Although I have, 
 when young, repeatedly ran clinging to my 
 mother's gown from our cabin to a place of 
 more safety — the confusion and distressing 
 scene of a family in flight, their cabins in 
 flames, their all destroyed, the thousand 
 restless cares and tender sorrows, to which 
 they were incessantly exposed, language fails 
 in describing." This is one of the few per- 
 sonal disclosures which he permitted to 
 creep into his unpretentious Biographical 
 Sketches of General Nathaniel Massie, Gen- 
 eral Duncan Mc Arthur, Captain William 
 Wells, and General Simon Kenton; Who 
 Were Early Settlers in the Western Country. 
 The title is an almost complete misnomer; 
 for the book is an account of the adventures 
 of his subjects on the Western frontier, with 
 the narrator's participation in many of the 
 episodes obscured by a reticence that 
 amounts to a major fault. He wrote with 
 authority on Simon Kenton's forays against 
 the Indians, for as a boy in his teens he had 
 accompanied Kenton. He could describe in 
 minute detail the meager fare of Massie's 
 
McDonald, S. B. 
 
 410 
 
 "starvation tour," for he had shared it, just 
 as he and his brother-in-law. Duncan' Mc- 
 Arthur, had shared the perils of a number 
 of Massie's surveys in the Scioto and Little 
 Miami regions. Too, he had gone through 
 the War of 1812 with Mc Arthur. When he 
 wrote about William Wells, he was writing 
 about a comrade-in-arms, a fellow member 
 of Kibby's rangers, an organization of fear- 
 less scouts and spies who contributed in no 
 small degree to the success of Anthony 
 Wayne. He began writing his sketches for the 
 Western Christian Advocate in 1834; only 
 four of the more important ones were in- 
 cluded in his book. The first of a series of 
 six sketches on the Wetzel brothers was pub- 
 lished in the same periodical on March 29, 
 1839. McDonald settled on Poplar Ridge, 
 Ross County, in 1802. He was elected sev- 
 eral times as justice of the peace and was 
 advanced through the grades to the rank of 
 colonel in the Ohio militia. After the War 
 of 1812 he served two terms in the state 
 
 senate - Ernest J. Wessen 
 
 Biographical Sketches of General Nathaniel 
 Massie, General Duncan Mc Arthur, Cap- 
 tain William Wells, and General Simon 
 Kenton; Who Were Early Settlers in the 
 Western Country, Cincinnati, 1838. 
 
 Mcdonald, stella breyfogle, was 
 
 born in Louisville, Ky. She attended Mills 
 College. After marrying Morton McDonald 
 in 1896, she lived in Columbus. Her ad- 
 dress in 1950 was Oakland, Calif. She wrote 
 Clear Shining after Rain, and Other Stories, 
 New York, 1907. 
 
 MacDONALD, SUSANNE KUMLER RIKE 
 
 (March 3, 1869- ), was born in Dayton. 
 Montgomery County, where she lived until 
 1900. In that year she and her husband. Dr. 
 Everett A. MacDonald, moved to Califor- 
 nia, where she has lived ever since. Under 
 the pen name Anne MacFarland, she has 
 published three volumes of memoirs since 
 1955. She also published a book of verse: 
 The Silver Cord, [Beverly Hills, Calif., 
 1933]. 
 
 McDOUGAL, JOHN (1777-1821), born in 
 Virginia, settled in Chillicothe in 1796. He 
 served as clerk of the Territorial Court and 
 also was a merchant in Chillicothe. His 
 book, which he published at his own expense, 
 probably won him few friends among the 
 local lawyers because he said that he wrote 
 it to protect people against shyster lawyers 
 and land sharks. It was republished at least 
 twice. 
 
 The Farmer's Assistant; Or, Every Man His 
 Own Lawyer, Chillicothe, 1813. 
 
 Mcdowell, william fraser (Feb. 4, 
 
 1858-April 26, 1937), clergyman, was born 
 in Millersburg, Holmes County. He gradu- 
 ated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1879 
 and Boston University in 1882. After being 
 ordained to the Methodist ministry in 1882, 
 he served churches in Lodi, Oberlin, and 
 Tiffin, was chancellor of the University of 
 Denver, 1890-99, and was secretary of the 
 Board of Education, Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, 1899-1904. He was elected bishop 
 in 1904 and served in Chicago, 1904-16, and 
 Washington. D. C, 1916-32. He died in 
 Washington. D. C. He published several 
 books on religious themes, e.g., In All His 
 Offices, New York, [1937]. WWW 1 
 
 McELEVEY, EVA L. (March 28, 1883- ), 
 born in Burlington, Iowa, has lived in 
 Youngstown since her marriage to Paul H. 
 McElevey in 1919. After graduating from 
 Wellesley College in 1905, she taught school 
 in Manchester, Iowa, until her marriage. She 
 has written for children's magazines and has 
 published a book of verse for children: Dad 
 and I, New York, 1930. 
 
 McELROY, JOHN (Aug. 25, 1846-Oct. 12, 
 1929), journalist, was born in Greenup, Ky., 
 and spent a brief but crucial portion of his 
 life in Ohio. After learning the printing 
 trade in St. Louis, he enlisted in the 16th Il- 
 linois Cavalry and served until Jan. 3, 1864, 
 when he was captured by Confederate troops. 
 He wrote a book about his prison stay: 
 Andersonville: A Story of Rebel Military 
 Prisons . . . , Toledo, 1879. It was reprinted 
 in 1957 as This Was Andersonville. After the 
 war he came to Ohio to learn pharmacy in 
 a drugstore in Ottawa. He married Elsie 
 Pomeroy, daughter of the owner. He was in 
 Chicago on the staff of the Inter-Ocean, 
 1868-74. From 1874 to 1884 he edited the 
 Toledo Blade. He then joined the National 
 Tribune in Washington, D. C, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life. He wrote a 
 number of biographies and other books, in- 
 cluding nine humorous Civil War stories 
 about an imaginary soldier, Si Klegg, which 
 were first published in the National Tribune. 
 
 McELWAINE, ETHYL (Oct. 23. 1881- ), 
 was born in Grove City, Franklin County. 
 She taught school in Washington Court 
 House and other communities and is now 
 living in Steubenville. Her poems have ap- 
 peared in various newspapers and magazines, 
 and she has published a collection: Sunset 
 Gold, [Washington Court House], 1938. 
 
 MacELWANE, JAMES BERNARD (Sept 
 28, 1883-Feb. 15, 1956), clergyman and 
 
411 
 
 MacGahan 
 
 educator, was born near Port Clinton, Ot- 
 tawa County. He graduated from St. Louis 
 University in 1910 and the University of 
 California (Ph.D.) in 1923. He was ordained 
 a Roman Catholic priest in 1918 and except 
 for two years at the University of California 
 (1923-25) was on the faculty of St. Louis 
 University, 1912-56. An internationally 
 recognized geophysicist, he wrote textbooks, 
 numerous technical articles on seismology, 
 and When the Earth Quakes, Milwaukee, 
 [1947]. WWW 3 
 
 McENIRY, E. C. (April 11, 1891- ), 
 Catholic priest, was born in County Tip- 
 perary, Ireland. He came to New York City 
 in 1910, was educated in that city, and was 
 ordained to the priesthood in 1921. He be- 
 came a teacher at Aquinas High School, 
 Columbus, in 1922 and chaplain of Mt. 
 Carmel Hospital in 1925. He is now chap- 
 lain of St. Mary's Hospital, Philadelphia. He 
 has translated devotional works from Span- 
 ish, edited the Meditations of St. Thomas 
 Aquinas, and written a pamphlet honoring 
 Father Albert O'Brien: Hero Priest of the 
 Ohio Penitentiary Fire . . . , [Somerset, 
 1934]. 
 
 MacFARLAND, ANNE, Pseud. See Susanne 
 K. R. MacDonald. 
 
 McFARLAND, JEANNETTE (Oct. 30, 1887- 
 ), educator, was born in Cambridge, 
 Guernsey County. She attended Muskingum 
 College and was an English teacher at Cam- 
 bridge High School for a number of years. 
 She now lives in Cambridge. She has pub- 
 lished several books, including a collection 
 of travel letters and a book of verse: The 
 Guernsey Hills and Other Sketches, Cam- 
 bridge, 1930. 
 
 McFARLAND, ROBERT WHITE (June 16, 
 1825-Oct. 23, 1910), educator, was born 
 near Urbana, Champaign County. After 
 completing the district school at the age of 
 fourteen, he alternately taught country 
 schools and attended college until 1847, 
 when he graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University. He taught at Greenfield Semi- 
 nary, 1848-51, was superintendent of 
 schools in Chillicothe, 1851-53. and taught 
 at Madison College, 1853-56. He taught at 
 Miami University, 1856-73, and Ohio State 
 University, 1873-85. After serving three 
 years as president of Miami University, 
 1885-88, he worked as a mining engineer. 
 Perhaps his best-known accomplishment was 
 computing the eccentricity of the earth's 
 orbit and the longitude of its perihelion. He 
 published many scientific articles and a num- 
 
 ber of textbooks on Virgil, mathematics, and 
 astronomy. The pamphlet below recounts 
 the service of the 86th O.V.I. , in which he 
 was lieutenant colonel. 
 
 The Surrender of Cumberland Gap, Sep- 
 tember 9, 1863, Columbus, 1898. 
 
 McGAFFEY, ERNEST (Aug. 30, 1861-?), 
 journalist and lawyer, was born in London, 
 Madison County. In 1881 he went to Chi- 
 cago, where he practiced law, wrote for the 
 Inter-Ocean and other newspapers, and was 
 secretary to Mayor Carter Harrison. His last 
 known address was Los Angeles. 
 Poems of Gun and Rod, New York, 1892. 
 Poems, New York, 1895. 
 A California Idyl, San Francisco, [1899]. 
 Poems of the Town, Boston, 1901. 
 Sonnets to a Wife, St. Louis, Mo., 1901. 
 Cosmos, Wausau, Wis., [1903]. 
 Outdoors; A Book of the Woods, Fields and 
 
 Marshlands, New York, 1907. 
 Ballades and Idyls, Los Angeles, 1931. 
 War, [Los Angeles, 1937]. 
 Ballades, [Los Angeles, 1938]. 
 
 MacGAHAN, JANUARIUS ALOYSIUS (June 
 12, 1844-June 9, 1878), foreign correspond- 
 ent, was born on a small farm near New 
 Lexington, Perry County. When he was 
 seven, his father died, but he worked on the 
 farm and attended local schools until he was 
 sixteen. After working in St. Louis as a 
 bookkeeper for two years, he resolved to go 
 to Europe to study international law. After 
 living for several years in London, Brussels, 
 and Paris, he was preparing to return home 
 when the Franco-Prussian War broke out. 
 Here he found his true vocation. Partly 
 through the influence of his cousin, General 
 Philip Sheridan, he was made correspondent 
 for the New York Herald. His dispatches 
 describing the retreat of General Bourbaki 
 and other events aroused widespread atten- 
 tion. After the war he covered news events 
 in various parts of Europe. He was a favorite 
 of the Russian czar's household. He de- 
 veloped a love for Russia and married a 
 Russian girl. He covered the Russian cam- 
 paign against Khiva, riding across central 
 Asia to join the expedition, though forbidden 
 to do so by the Russian government. He 
 also reported the Carlist war in Spain, the 
 voyage of the Pandora to the Arctic, and 
 Turkish atrocities in Bulgaria. The last re- 
 ports did much to win British sympathy for 
 the Bulgarian cause and led to his being 
 revered in Bulgaria as "the Liberator." Six 
 years after his death from typhus in Con- 
 stantinople, the Ohio Assembly arranged 
 that his body be returned on a U. S. cruiser. 
 His grave in New Lexington is still visited 
 
McGaughy 
 
 412 
 
 periodically by Bulgarian patriots and dip- 
 lomats. 
 Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of 
 
 Khiva, New York, 1874. 
 The Turkish Atrocities in Bulgaria, London, 
 
 1876. 
 Under the Northern Lights, London, 1876. 
 
 McGAUGHY, JAMES RALPH (Sept. 4, 
 1888-June 21, 1954), educator, was born in 
 Chesterville, Morrow County. He graduated 
 from Park College in 1912 and Columbia 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1924. He was a school 
 superintendent in Ohio, a teacher at Ohio 
 Wesley an University, 1907-20, and a mem- 
 ber of the education faculty, Columbia Uni- 
 versity, 1921-41. He lived in Chesterville 
 after his retirement. He wrote numerous 
 articles on educational problems, textbooks, 
 and An Evaluation of the Elementary School 
 . . . , Indianapolis, [1937]. WWW 3 
 
 McGAVRAN, SAMUEL B. (Nov. 25, 1847- 
 1922), physician, was born near Conotton, 
 Harrison County. He attended country 
 schools until he was fourteen, spent two 
 years at New Hagerstown Academy, taught 
 school for five years, studied at Scio College, 
 and in 1872 graduated from Cleveland Medi- 
 cal College. He practiced at Bowerston, 
 1874-82, and in 1882 moved to Cadiz, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. 
 A Brief History of Harrison County, Ohio, 
 Cadiz, 1894. 
 
 M'GAW, JAMES FRANKLIN (1823-1872), 
 was born in Chambersburg, Pa. When he 
 was ten years old, his family settled in Mas- 
 sillon, where the boy attended local schools. 
 For a time he taught at a country school 
 seven miles south of Wooster, and during 
 this period he wrote the new much-sought- 
 after Brown narrative. In 1854 he moved to 
 Washington, Richland County, and appears 
 to have spent much of his time during the 
 next few years in interviewing surviving 
 pioneers and gathering material for his 
 Philip Seymour. His first publication in 
 Mansfield, The Impressed Seaman, was 
 purely fictional and could have been drawn 
 from any one of a dozen books then avail- 
 able in the vicinity. Nor was Philip Seymour, 
 which followed, an entirely original work. 
 M'Gaw's publisher, General Roeliff Brink- 
 erhoff (q.v.), acquired the files of the Mans- 
 field paper, the Richland Jeffersonian, in 
 1855. In the issues of March 28 and April 4, 
 1840, had appeared a story entitled "The 
 Battle" by an anonymous author. This was 
 an acceptable account of the Copus massa- 
 cre in the autumn of 1812, and it was upon 
 this framework that M'Gaw draped in fic- 
 
 tional form the result of his several years 
 of research. The book provides the most 
 authentic source on one of the most color- 
 ful episodes in the frontier history of north 
 central Ohio. During the Civil War M'Gaw 
 taught school at Butler, Ind. He died at 
 Tyner City, Ind. 
 A Thrilling Narrative of Samuel Brown's 
 
 Horrible Sufferings and Miraculous 
 
 Escape, Uhrichsville, 1852. 
 The Impressed Seaman; Life on Board a 
 
 British Man-of-war, Mansfield, 1857. 
 Philip Seymour, or Pioneer Life in Richland 
 
 County . . . , Mansfield, 1858. 
 
 McGEHEAN, THOMAS (April 10, 1835- ? ), 
 was born in Clermont County. Although 
 he published an autobiography, information 
 concerning his life is somewhat meager. 
 He says that he grew up in Hamilton, 
 where he learned the shoemaker's trade, 
 dealt in horses and real estate, and served 
 one term as marshal. He also says that he 
 lived in Dayton, Covington, Ky., and Cin- 
 cinnati. His book is largely devoted to an 
 account of the murder of Thomas S. Myers 
 in Hamilton, for which he was tiied three 
 times, and to lurid attacks on those he con- 
 sidered his enemies. Clement L. Vallandig- 
 ham (q.v.), one of his defense attorneys, 
 was accidentally shot at Lebanon while 
 demonstrating to a colleague that Myers 
 might have killed himself accidentally. 
 A History of the Life and Trials of Thomas 
 McGehean . . . , Cincinnati, 1874. 
 
 McGIFFERT, ARTHUR CUSHMAN (March 
 4, 1861-Feb. 25, 1933), church historian, 
 born in Sauquoit, N. Y., graduated from 
 Western Reserve University in 1882; and 
 after studying at Union Theological Semi- 
 nary and in Germany, he was ordained a 
 Presbyterian minister in Cleveland. He 
 was on the faculty of Lane Seminary, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1888-93, before accepting an ap- 
 pointment at Union Seminary, where he 
 remained until 1927. A prolific scholar, he 
 produced numerous historical and bio- 
 graphical works. He was induced to join 
 the Congregational Church by a wave of 
 controversy in Presbyterian governing 
 bodies after the publication of A History 
 of Christianity in the Apostolic Age, New 
 York, 1897. 
 
 McGIFFERT, ARTHUR CUSHMAN, JR. 
 
 (Nov. 27, 1892- ), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County, the son of Arthur C. McGiffert 
 (q.v.). He graduated from Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1913 and Union Theological 
 Seminary in 1917. He served as a Con- 
 
413 
 
 McGuffey, W. H. 
 
 gregational pastor in Lowell, Mass., 1920- 
 26, was on the faculty of Chicago Theo- 
 logical Seminary, 1926-39, was president 
 of Pacific School of Religion, 1939-45, and 
 president of Chicago Seminary since 1946. 
 He has published Jonathan Edwards, New 
 York, 1932. WW 30 
 
 McGIFFERT, JOSEPH NELSON (Dec. 8, 
 1829-June 20, 1896), clergyman, was born 
 in New York City. After graduating from 
 Auburn Seminary in 1853, he was or- 
 dained to the Presbyterian ministry and 
 served churches in Hillsdale, N. Y., and 
 Sauquoit, N. Y., 1853-66. He was installed 
 pastor of First Presbyterian Church, Ashta- 
 bula, in 1866 and served there for the last 
 thirty years of his life. He held various 
 offices in the Cleveland Presbytery and the 
 Synod of Ohio. 
 
 History of the Presbyterian Church of 
 Ashtabula . . . , Ashtabula, 1876. 
 
 McGILL, MARY ROBSON (1870-March 1, 
 1926), was born in Nelsonville, Athens 
 County, but spent much of her life in Co- 
 lumbus. She contributed poems, feature 
 stories, and news stories to a variety of 
 newspapers in Columbus and elsewhere. A 
 collection of her writings was published: 
 You and Your Friends, Columbus, [1906]. 
 
 McGINNIS, FREDERICK ALPHONSO (Feb. 
 13, 1887- ), educator, was born in 
 West Mansfield, Logan County. He gradu- 
 ated from the University of Chicago in 
 1922 and the University of Cincinnati 
 (Ed.D.) in 1940. He has served on the 
 Wilberforce University faculty as professor 
 of English, as dean, vice president, and 
 registrar since 1922. Besides articles on edu- 
 cation, he has published A History and an 
 Interpretation of Wilberforce University, 
 Wilberforce, 1941. WWMW 49 
 
 McGINNIS, RALPH JOCELYN (Nov. 13, 
 1894- ), journalist, was born in King- 
 ston, Ross County. He served in the French 
 army, 1915-18, and in the A.E.F., 1918-19. 
 He graduated from Miami University in 
 1921, was an Associated Press correspond- 
 ent, 1921-28, headed the journalism de- 
 partment, Miami University, 1928^14, and 
 since 1945 has edited the Farm Quarterly 
 in Cincinnati. He has published History of 
 Oxford, Ohio . . . , Oxford, 1930. WW 30 
 
 MacGOWAN, ALICE (Dec. 10, 1858-March 
 10, 1947), sister of Grace MacGowan 
 Cooke (q.v.), was born in Perrysburg, 
 Lucas County. She was educated in Chat- 
 tanooga, Tenn., where her father moved 
 
 after becoming editor of the Chattanooga 
 Times. She accompanied her sister to Upton 
 Sinclair's Helicon Hall in New Jersey and 
 from there to Carmel-by-the-Sea, Calif., 
 where she spent the remainder of her life. 
 She collaborated with her sister on several 
 books and wrote several alone, including a 
 novel of the Civil War: The Sword in the 
 Mountains, New York, 1910. WW 21 
 
 McGRANE, REGINALD CHARLES (July 28, 
 1889- ), educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati in 1912 
 and the University of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 
 1915. He has been a member of the his- 
 tory department, University of Cincinnati, 
 since 1915. Besides textbooks and historical 
 articles, he has published William Allen; A 
 Study in Western Democracy, [Columbus, 
 1925]. WW 30 
 
 McGREW, THOMAS FLETCHER (April 16, 
 1817-Nov. 4, 1903), banker, was born in 
 Steubenville, Jefferson County. In 1865 he 
 became cashier of Mad River National 
 Bank, Springfield, and later was made 
 president. He is buried in Springfield. 
 Letters from Europe, Cincinnati, 1885. 
 Mohammed and the Mohammedan Reli- 
 gion, Cincinnati, 1892. 
 A Study in Buddhism, Cincinnati, 1894. 
 
 McGROARTY, WILLIAM BUCKNER (Nov. 
 29, 1858-Nov. 9, 1950), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County He spent a part 
 of his boyhood in Georgetown, Brown 
 County, and lived in Cincinnati again, 
 1880-91. In 1891 he moved to Virginia, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 He published numerous historical and 
 genealogical papers and a book: The Old 
 Presbyterian Meeting House at Alexandria, 
 Virginia . . . , Richmond, Va., 1940. 
 
 McGUFFEY, ALEXANDER HAMILTON. See 
 
 William H. McGuffey. 
 
 McGUFFEY, WILLIAM HOLMES (Sept. 23, 
 1800-May 4, 1873), educator, was born in 
 Washington County, Pa., but was reared 
 on a farm near Youngstown, where his 
 family moved in 1802. "William H. Mc- 
 Guffey was little more than McGuffey's 
 Readers," a noted educator and historian 
 of the Middle West wrote in 1898. His 
 fame rests upon eleven elementary school- 
 books which bear the name McGuffey, and 
 of which, it is estimated, more than 
 120,000,000 copies have been published 
 since 1836. He was also a professor in three 
 colleges, president of two universities, a 
 
McGuire 
 
 414 
 
 popular speaker, arid a minister in the 
 Presbyterian Church. Of the eleven Mc- 
 Guffey schoolbooks, William compiled or 
 supervised the compilation of the first four 
 Readers, which were published by Truman 
 & Smith of Cincinnati in 1836 and 1837. 
 Some controversy exists over the amount 
 of assistance he received from others. His 
 chief collaborator was his younger brother, 
 Alexander Hamilton McGuffey (1816- 
 June 4, 1896), a teacher at Woodward Col- 
 lege and later a lawyer. Alexander helped 
 make the selections for the first four 
 Readers. The Primer, published in 1837, is 
 generally credited to William, but one 
 writer who knew the family says that Mrs. 
 McGuffey was the author. Alexander com- 
 piled the Eclectic Progressive Spelling Book, 
 published probably in 1837, and McGuf- 
 fey's Rhetorical Guide or Fifth Reader 
 (1844). The Sixth Reader (1857), the 
 High School Reader (1857), the Eclectic 
 Speaker (1858), and the Juvenile Speaker 
 (1860) were compiled by other editors em- 
 ployed by the publisher. William attended 
 Washington College in Pennsylvania, and 
 in March, 1826, he was elected professor 
 of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew and ex-officio 
 librarian at Miami University. In 1833 he 
 was named professor of mental philosophy 
 and philology. He spent ten years at Miami, 
 the last five of them in open conflict with 
 the administration of the university. In 
 1836 he was named to the presidency of 
 Cincinnati College and became party to an 
 effort to expropriate Miami's endowment 
 for the Cincinnati institution. When that 
 failed in the legislature, Cincinnati College 
 withered, and McGuffey resigned in 1839 
 to accept the presidency of Ohio University 
 at Athens. In 1843 he resigned from Ohio 
 University and returned to Cincinnati, 
 where he taught at Woodward College for 
 two years. He was then named professor of 
 philosophy at the University of Virginia, a 
 position he retained until his death. McGuf- 
 fey was twice married, first to Harriet Spin- 
 ning of Dayton, who died in 1850 after 
 bearing five children, and second to Laura 
 Howard of Charlottesville, Va., who bore 
 him a daughter. Early in his career at 
 Miami, McGuffey developed an interest in 
 elementary education and in teaching in the 
 "common schools." He participated in the 
 meetings of the Western Literary Institute 
 and College of Professional Teachers, and 
 was a speaker at teachers' conventions 
 throughout the state. He was an associate 
 of Calvin E. Stowe and Samuel Lewis in 
 the common school movement and cam- 
 paigned throughout Ohio with Lewis, super- 
 intendent of common schools, in an effort 
 
 to develop the public school system. The 
 Readers were a further contribution to the 
 movement. They introduced a combination 
 method of teaching spelling and reading, 
 prescribed drills on the syllable for teach- 
 ing enunciation, and used pictures to illus- 
 trate meaning. The Readers met with im- 
 mediate success in the Middle West and 
 the South. Within a year after the Fourth 
 Reader was printed, Truman & Smith an- 
 nounced that they had published a quarter 
 of a million of the McGuffey series, includ- 
 ing the Primer and the Speller. In Sept., 
 1838, the publishers and McGuffey were 
 sued by the publishers of Samuel F. Wor- 
 cester of Massachusetts for having "pirated" 
 several of Worcester's books and repub- 
 lished them. An injunction was granted 
 against McGuffey's publishers, and a settle- 
 ment was made out of court. Truman & 
 Smith immediately revised the Readers, 
 eliminating the challenged materials. Dur- 
 ing the nineteenth century the series was 
 revised a number of times. 
 
 James H. Rodabaugh 
 
 McGUIRE, PAT. Pseud. See Charles R. 
 Vaughan. 
 
 MACHETANZ, FREDERICK (Feb. 20, 
 1908- ), artist, was born in Kenton, 
 Hardin County. After graduating from 
 Ohio State University in 1930, he studied 
 art in Chicago. In 1935 he went to Alaska 
 to visit an uncle and remained for two 
 years. He has since returned periodically to 
 Alaska and has lectured widely on his life 
 there. He has written and illustrated a num- 
 ber of books, e.g.. On Arctic Ice, New York. 
 [1940]. 
 
 McILVAINE, CHARLES PETTIT (Jan. 18. 
 1799-March 13, 1873), clergyman, born 
 in Burlington, N. J., studied at the College 
 of New Jersey (Princeton) and was or- 
 dained an Episcopal priest in 1823. His 
 early career won him wide attention in 
 Washington, D. C, and Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 because of his effective evangelical preach- 
 ing. Consecrated bishop of Ohio in 1832, 
 he settled at Gambier the following year. 
 His efforts did much to foster the growth of 
 Kenyon College. In 1846 he moved to 
 Clifton, which was thereafter his home and 
 where he now is buried. He often traveled 
 in England and on the Continent. Because 
 of his cordial relations with the British, 
 President Lincoln asked him to visit Eng- 
 land in 1861 when diplomatic relations 
 were under strain. He died in Florence. 
 Italy, and before his body was returned to 
 Ohio it was taken to England, where a 
 
415 
 
 McKell 
 
 funeral service was held in Westminster 
 Abbey. He published numerous pamphlets, 
 sermons, and charges to the clergy besides 
 the listed titles. 
 Rev. Mr. MTlvaine in Answer to the Rev. 
 
 Henry U. Onderdonk, Philadelphia, 1827. 
 The Evidences of Christianity . . . , New 
 
 York, 1832. 
 Oxford Divinity . . . , Philadelphia. 1841. 
 The Sinner's Justification before God . . . , 
 
 New York, 1850. 
 The Temple of God; Or, the Holy Catholic 
 
 Church . . . , Philadelphia, 1860. 
 The Christian's Duty in the Present Crisis, 
 
 [Cincinnati, 1861]. 
 Righteousness by Faith . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1862. 
 The Work of Preaching Christ, Boston, 
 
 1871. 
 
 McINTOSH, BURR WILLIAM (1862-April 
 28, 1942), journalist and actor, was born 
 in Wellsville, Columbiana County. After 
 attending Lafayette College and Princeton 
 University, he became a reporter on the 
 Philadelphia News in 1884. In 1885 he 
 made his stage debut and appeared in 
 numerous plays. He was a correspondent in 
 Cuba in 1898 and started the Burr Mcin- 
 tosh Monthly in 1902. During World War 
 I he was an entertainer in France and Ger- 
 many. His death occurred in New York 
 City. 
 Summer Folks. Observations, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1887]. 
 The Little I Saw of Cuba, London, [1899]. 
 
 McINTYRE, OSCAR ODD (Feb. 18. 1884- 
 Feb. 14, 1938), journalist, was born in 
 Plattsburg, Mo. His mother died when he 
 was three, and two years later he was sent 
 to live with his paternal grandmother in 
 Gallipolis. Gallia County, the town that he 
 later considered home. After attending Gal- 
 lipolis Academy, he worked as a reporter 
 on the Gallipolis Daily Sun and on the 
 Journal. His father sent him to a Cincinnati 
 business college, but he returned to jour- 
 nalism and worked on the East Liverpool 
 Morning Tribune, 1904-05, the Dayton Her- 
 ald, 1906. and the Cincinnati Post, 1907- 
 11. Ray Long, for whom he had worked on 
 the Post, persuaded him to move to New 
 York in 1911. After several false starts he 
 began free-lance writing in 1912, writing a 
 column about New York and mailing it to 
 newspapers to serve his various public rela- 
 tions clients. The column, "New York Day 
 by Day," proved popular and was soon syn- 
 dicated nationally. He also wrote for Cos- 
 mopolitan, edited by Ray Long, and other 
 magazines. The image of a small-town boy 
 
 in the metropolis and the blend of rustic 
 innocence and urban sophistication proved 
 irresistible to millions of readers. He pub- 
 lished four collections of his columns and 
 magazine pieces, e.g., The Big Town . . . , 
 New York, 1935. DAB 22 
 
 McKAY, GEORGE LESLIE (Oct. 12, 1895- 
 ). was born in Columbus Grove, Put- 
 nam County, but lived in Toledo, 1900-16. 
 He attended the College of Wooster, 1914— 
 16, served in World War I, graduated from 
 the University of Chicago in 1920, and stud- 
 ied at the Library School of the New York 
 Public Library. After teaching in Perrys- 
 burg for a year and serving with the Ameri- 
 can Red Cross in Paris for a year, he be- 
 came curator of the Grolier Club, New 
 York City, in 1923, and in 1944 he was 
 made librarian. He has published numerous 
 articles, catalogues, bibliographies, and 
 other works, e.g., Early American Currency 
 . . . , New York, 1944. WWE 6 
 
 McKAY, LUCINDA E. (Sept. 7, 1840-Nov. 
 29, 1922), was born in Chester Township, 
 Clinton County. A member of the Baptist 
 church, she published several books of a 
 religious nature, e.g., The Book Sealed with 
 Seven Seals and the Sounding of the Seven 
 Angels . . . , Cincinnati, [1914]. 
 
 McKAY, MARTHA NICHOLSON (1843- 
 March 4, 1934), was born in Warren 
 County. She married Horace McKay and 
 thereafter lived in Indianapolis, Ind. She 
 was active in civic affairs and the women's 
 suffrage movement. 
 Literary Clubs of Indiana, Indianapolis, 
 
 1894. 
 When the Tide Turned in the Civil War, 
 Indianapolis, 1929. 
 
 McKEE, PHILIP JUDSON (c.l892-March 
 29, 1957). advertising executive, was born 
 in Dayton, Montgomery County. He 
 worked in advertising and public relations 
 counseling, and at the time of his death 
 was head of his own firm. Sherwood Ander- 
 son wrote a preface for his novel, Big 
 Town, New York, [1931]. 
 
 McKELL, DAVID McCANDLESS (Dec. 4, 
 1881- ), was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County. He graduated from the U. S. 
 Military Academy in 1904 and served in 
 the U. S. Army until 1922. In 1922 he 
 graduated from San Francisco Law School. 
 He has been president of the Chillicothe 
 Telephone Company since 1938. Actively 
 interested in Ross County history, he has 
 been president of the county historical so- 
 
McKelvey 
 
 416 
 
 ciety since 1947 and has published several 
 historical articles and pamphlets, e.g., Ross 
 County's Little Known Indian Years, 1752- 
 1774, Chillicothe, 1942. 
 
 the faculty of Hiram College. He has writ- 
 ten A Voyage to the British Isles . . . , Mt. 
 Vernon, 1940, and a novel: Harriet, New 
 York, 1946. 
 
 McKELVEY, A. T. (March 23, 1844- ? ), was 
 born in Belfast, Ireland, but was brought 
 at the age of five to Wheeling, Va. He 
 worked as a telegrapher and also operated 
 a fruit farm in Belmont County. He was 
 elected to the Ohio Assembly in 1887. He 
 compiled Centennial History of Belmont 
 County . . . , Chicago, 1903. 
 
 McKENNEY, RUTH (Nov. 18, 1911- ), 
 was born in Mishawaka, Ind., but her 
 family moved to Cleveland when she was 
 six. She grew up in that city and graduated 
 from Shaw High School in 1928. While at- 
 tending Ohio State University, she wrote 
 for the Lantern, and in 1930 she was a re- 
 porter on the Columbus Dispatch. She also 
 worked on the Akron Beacon-Journal, 
 1932-33, and on the New York Post, 1934- 
 36. Active in left-wing reform movements 
 of the 1930s, she was on the staff of New 
 Masses. A series of stories in The New 
 Yorker became her most successful book, 
 My Sister Eileen, New York, [1938]. It 
 was later highly popular as a play, a mo- 
 tion picture, and, retitled Wonderful Town, 
 a musical comedy. She has lived abroad 
 much of the time since 1947. The book 
 that she once said she preferred to all her 
 others is a study of labor conditions in 
 Akron during the depression: Industrial 
 Valley, New York, [1939]. 
 
 McKEOWN, MATTHEW C. (1832-March 
 11, 1908), miner and grocer, was born in 
 Ireland in 1832 and accompanied his par- 
 ents to Wheeling, Va., in 1855. Three years 
 later he went to Australia and New Zea- 
 land, where he spent ten years as a miner, 
 an experience recounted in his only book. 
 Upon his return in 1868 he settled in 
 Barnesville, where he operated a grocery 
 store until his death. 
 
 Some Memories of a Miner's Life . . . , 
 Barnesville, 1893. 
 
 MACKIE, PAULINE BRADFORD. See 
 
 Pauline B. M. Hopkins. 
 
 McKINLEY, CHARLES FREDERICK (Aug. 
 24, 1913- ), educator, was born in Mans- 
 field, Richland County. He graduated from 
 Kenyon College and Trinity College, Dub- 
 lin (Ph.D.). He has taught at Kenyon Col- 
 lege, the State University of Iowa, and 
 Queen Aliyah College, Iraq. He is now on 
 
 McKINLEY, WILLIAM (Jan. 29, 1843-Sept. 
 14, 1901), 25th President of the United 
 States, was born in Niles, Trumbull County. 
 He was educated at Poland and Allegheny 
 College, Pa. After serving in the Civil War 
 with the 23rd O.V.I., he read law and in 
 1867 began practice in Canton, which was 
 his residence thereafter. He took an active 
 part in state politics and early in his career 
 attracted the attention of Mark Hanna 
 (q.v.) and other party leaders. He served 
 in Congress, 1877-83 and 1885-91, and was 
 governor, 1892-96. Elected to the Presi- 
 dency in 1896 after a front porch campaign, 
 conducted from his home in Canton, he was 
 most successful in his relations with Con- 
 gress. Generally conservative in his views, 
 he was identified in the public mind with 
 the protective tariff. On Sept. 6, 1901, he 
 was shot in Buffalo, N. Y. He died eight 
 days later and is buried in Canton. Besides 
 the collections of speeches listed below, 
 many of his addresses were issued separately 
 as political pamphlets. 
 Speeches and Addresses . . . , New York, 
 
 1893. 
 Life and Speeches . . . , New York, 1896. 
 McKinley's Masterpieces . . . , Boston, 
 
 1896. 
 McKinley's Speeches in October . . . , Can- 
 ton, [1896]. 
 McKinley's Speeches in September, Canton, 
 
 [1896]. 
 The Tariff in the Days of Henry Clay, and 
 
 Since . . . , New York, 1896. 
 Speeches and Addresses . . . , New York, 
 1900. 
 
 McKINNEY, ARTHUR LAYTON (Sept. 16, 
 1819-Feb. 20, 1901), clergyman and law- 
 yer, was born in Clark County but was 
 reared in Greene County. In 1843 he was 
 ordained a minister of the Christian Church 
 and preached in western Indiana. In 1853, 
 after graduating from Wabash College, he 
 was made principal of Antioch College 
 preparatory school. In 1857 he organized 
 the Christian Church at Troy. He served 
 in the Civil War as chaplain of the 71st 
 O.V.I. After the war he was elected to 
 several offices in Miami County, and in 
 1879 he was admitted to the bar and began 
 practice in Troy. 
 
 Memoir of Elder Isaac N. Walter, Cincin- 
 nati, 1858. 
 Positive Theology . . . , Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
417 
 
 McLaughlin, M. L. 
 
 McKINNEY, FRANK LOUIS (Oct. 3, 1887- 
 May 31, 1951), executive, was born in St. 
 Louis, Mo. After working on the St. Louis 
 Globe-Democrat, the Cincinnati American, 
 and other newspapers, he joined the Ohio 
 State Telephone Company in 1914. He was 
 general commercial superintendent when 
 the company was purchased by Ohio Bell 
 Telephone Co. in 1921. He then served as 
 secretary-treasurer of the Ohio Independent 
 Telephone Association, 1921-44. After his 
 retirement he lived in Pomona, Calif. He 
 wrote Our Looney Liberals, Columbus, 
 [1934]. 
 
 McKINNEY, THOMAS EMERY (April 26, 
 1864-April 12, 1930), educator, was born 
 in Hebron, W. Va. After graduating from 
 Marietta College in 1887, he served on the 
 faculty, 1890-1906, and later taught at 
 Wesleyan University, Conn., 1906-08, and 
 the University of South Dakota, 1908-28. 
 He died in Marietta. His writings include 
 Essays and Addresses, [Chicago, 1924]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 MACKLEY, JOHN H. (Oct. 13, 1847-July 
 29, 1918), was born in Oak Hill, Jackson 
 County. He served as a drummer in the 
 first two years of the Civil War and as an 
 infantryman from 1863 until the end of 
 the war. He worked for a number of years 
 on the Jackson Standard, owned by his 
 father, and afterward was Columbus corre- 
 spondent for the Cincinnati Tribune and 
 was on the staff of the Cleveland Plain 
 Dealer. He died in Cleveland. 
 Idle Rliymings. Collection of Thoughts 
 Jotted Down in Leisure Moments, Jack- 
 son, 1885. 
 
 Mcknight, george harley (April 24, 
 
 1871-Aug. 15, 1951), educator, was born 
 in Sterling Valley, N. Y. After graduating 
 from Cornell University (A.B., 1892; 
 Ph.D., 1896), he studied in Europe for two 
 years. He was a member of the English 
 faculty, Ohio State University, 1899-1941. 
 After his retirement he continued to live 
 in Columbus. He published numerous pro- 
 fessional articles and an important study of 
 language: English Words and Their Back- 
 grounds, New York, 1923. WW 23 
 
 McLAIN, JOHN SCUDDER (May 26, 1853- 
 Nov. 17, 1931), journalist, was born in 
 Brown County. After graduating from Wa- 
 bash College in 1877, he edited newspapers 
 in Kansas and Minnesota. He wrote Alaska 
 and the Klondike, New York, 1905. WWW 
 1 
 
 McLANDBURGH, FLORENCE (April 22, 
 1850-?), was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County. In 1863 her family moved to Chi- 
 cago, which remained her home thereafter, 
 although she traveled widely. She published 
 short stories in various periodicals. 
 The Automaton Ear, and Other Sketches, 
 Chicago, 1876. 
 
 McLANE, WILLIAM WARD (Nov. 13, 1846- 
 June 4, 1931), pastor of Second Presby- 
 terian Church, Steubenville, 1878-83, wrote 
 several books on religious themes, e.g., The 
 Cross in the Light of To-day, Philadelphia, 
 1883. 
 
 McLAREN, WILLIAM EDWARD (Dec. 13, 
 1831-Feb. 19, 1905), Episcopal bishop of 
 Illinois, was rector of Trinity Church, 
 Cleveland, 1872-75. His writings include 
 The Holy Priest, Milwaukee, 1899. 
 
 McLAUGHLIN, EDWARD (Jan. 9, 1798- 
 Nov. 15, 1861), printer, was born near 
 Stamford, Conn. Following an eventful 
 career in the navy, he appears to have 
 settled in Cincinnati around 1830. Edward 
 D. Mansfield (q.v.) refers to him as a 
 printer who settled in Cincinnati between 
 1828 and 1835. By 1841 he must have been 
 well entrenched among the Cincinnati 
 literati, for in that year he published his 
 single volume of verse, which was dedicated 
 to Nicholas Longworth and which con- 
 tained poems inscribed to Peyton S. Symmes, 
 Bellamy Storer, and Jacob Burnet. Yet he 
 was soon forgotten, for by 1860 the well- 
 posted William T. Coggeshall found it neces- 
 sary to rely upon the preface of McLaugh- 
 lin's book for biographical data. However, 
 it is probable that he returned to the East, 
 for his book was reissued in New York in 
 1850 as The Coral Gift. 
 The Lovers of the Deep: In Four Cantos; 
 to Which Is Added a Variety of Miscel- 
 laneous Poems, Cincinnati, 1841. 
 
 Mclaughlin, george (c.i83i-oct. n, 
 
 1893), brother of Mary Louise McLaugh- 
 lin (q.v.), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. He was employed as an ac- 
 countant by various Cincinnati firms. He 
 took his own life at the age of 62. 
 Art Work of Cincinnati, Chicago, 1893. 
 
 Mclaughlin, mary louise (Sept. 29, 
 
 1847-Jan. 16, 1939), artist, sister of George 
 McLaughlin (q.v.), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. In 1877 she began ex- 
 perimenting with pottery and produced the 
 first decorative underglaze work done in 
 the city. She organized the Pottery Club 
 
McLean, A. 
 
 418 
 
 and built a kiln at her home in Mt. Auburn. 
 She was also interested in wood carving, 
 metalwork, and tapestry and won numerous 
 medals for her work in these fields. After 
 living as a recluse for almost twenty years, 
 she died in Cincinnati. Besides technical 
 manuals on art, she wrote An Epitome of 
 History from Pre-historic Times to the 
 End of the Great War, Boston, 1923. 
 WWW 1 
 
 McLEAN, ARCHIBALD (Sept. 6, 1849-Dec. 
 15, 1920), clergyman, was born on a farm 
 near Summerside, Prince Edward Island, 
 Canada. He became a carriage maker, but 
 in 1871, desiring to enter the ministry, he 
 enrolled in Bethany College, W. Va. After 
 graduating in 1874, he was ordained and 
 became pastor of the Christian Church, 
 Mount Healthy, where he remained until 
 1885. After 1885, he devoted as much of 
 his time as possible to foreign missions. In 
 1888 he began to publish the Missionary 
 Intelligencer in Cincinnati. He was presi- 
 dent of the Ecumenical Missionary Society, 
 1900-19. Besides the titles below, he pub- 
 lished tracts and sermons, most of them 
 related to the missionary effort of his 
 church. 
 A Circuit of the Globe; A Series of Letters 
 
 of Travel . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 1897. 
 Where the Book Speaks . . . , New York, 
 
 [1907]. 
 Alexander Campbell as a Preacher . . . , 
 
 New York, [1908]. 
 Epoch Makers of Modern Missions, New 
 
 York, [1912]. 
 The Primacy of the Missionary, and Other 
 
 Addresses, St. Louis, Mo., 1920. 
 The History of the Foreign Christian Mis- 
 sionary Society, New York, 1921. 
 
 MacLEAN, JOHN PATTERSON (March 12, 
 1848-Aug. 12, 1939), clergyman, was born 
 in Franklin, Warren County. After studying 
 at Normal University and St. Lawrence 
 Seminary, he became a Universalist minis- 
 ter and preached in Ohio and other states 
 until 1906. He later returned to the min- 
 istry in 1921, when he began preaching in 
 Greenville. Besides the titles below, he 
 wrote several studies of the MacLean fam- 
 ily history, portions of Smithsonian Insti- 
 tution reports, and numerous articles. He 
 died in Greenville and is buried in Franklin. 
 A Manual of the Antiquity of Man, New 
 
 York, 1875. 
 Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man, Cincinnati, 
 
 1878. 
 The Mound Builders . . . , Cincinnati, 1879. 
 Jewish Nature Worship . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1882. 
 
 An Historical, Archaeological and Geologi- 
 cal Examination of Fingal's Cave . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1890. 
 
 A Critical Examination of the Evidences 
 Adduced to Establish the Theory of 
 the Norse Discovery of America, Chi- 
 cago, 1892. 
 
 An Historical Account of the Settlements 
 of Scotch Highlanders in America Prior 
 to the Peace of 1873 . . . , Cleveland, 
 1900. 
 
 The Archaeological Collection of the West- 
 ern Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, 
 1901. 
 
 A Sketch of the Life and Labors of Richard 
 McNemar, Franklin, 1905. 
 
 Shakers of Ohio . . . , Columbus, 1907. 
 
 Flora MacDonald in America . . . , Lum- 
 berton, N. C, 1909. 
 
 An Epitome of the Superstitions of the 
 Highlanders . . . , Franklin, 1917. 
 
 Histoiy of the Island of Mull . . . , Green- 
 ville, 1923. 
 
 McLEISH, JOHN LEWIN (Feb. 17, 1871— 
 Feb. 2. 1928), physician, was born in Chi- 
 cago. At the age of ten he came to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools. He graduated from Princeton 
 University in 1894 and the Medical College 
 of Ohio in 1897. He practiced in Cincin- 
 nati, where he also was director of Ameri- 
 canization Activities, published in Cincin- 
 nati. During World War I he was manag- 
 ing editor of American Home News, pub- 
 lished in London, England. 
 Iturbide, a Soldier of Mexico . . . , New 
 
 York, [1898]. 
 Highlights of the Mexican Revolution, 
 
 Aurora, Mo., 1919. 
 The Americanization Problem in Cincin- 
 nati, Cincinnati, [1921]. 
 
 McLEOD, CORNELIUS DONALD. See 
 
 Xavier Donald MacLeod. 
 
 M'LEOD, DONALD (1779-July 22, 1879), 
 was born in Inverness, Scotland, and at- 
 tended the University of Aberdeen. He 
 served in the British navy and also in the 
 army, including service at the Battle of 
 Waterloo. He settled in Prescott, Ontario, 
 Canada, and participated in the rebellion 
 of 1837, after which he fled to Cleveland. 
 He was later pardoned by Queen Victoria. 
 He died in Cleveland at the age of 100. 
 A Brief Review of the Settlement of Upper 
 
 Canada . . . , Cleveland, 1841. 
 History of Wiskonsan . . . , Buffalo. 1846. 
 Donald McLeod's Gloomy Memories in 
 
 the Highlands of Scotland . . . , Toronto, 
 
 1857. 
 
419 
 
 MacMillan, M. L. 
 
 MacLEOD, XAVIER DONALD (Nov. 17, 
 182 1— July 20, 1865). clergyman, was born 
 in New York City, the son of Alexander 
 McLeod, a leader in the Reformed Presby- 
 terian Church. A convert to the Episcopal 
 Church in 1845. he was converted to Cathol- 
 icism in 1852. became a priest, and altered 
 his original name from Cornelius to Xavier. 
 In the last few years of his life he was 
 professor of rhetoric at Mount St. Mary's 
 College. He was killed near Cincinnati in 
 a railway accident. He published novels, 
 biographies, and poetry. One of his novels 
 was Our Lady of Litanies, Cincinnati, 1861. 
 
 McLUKE, LUKE. Pseud. See James S. Hast- 
 ings. 
 
 McMAHON, AMOS PHILIP (Aug. 14. 1890- 
 June 21. 1947), educator, was born in 
 Warren. Trumbull County. He graduated 
 from Harvard University (A.B.. 1913; 
 Ph.D.. 1916). and from 1917 until his 
 death was in the fine arts department of 
 New York University. He published several 
 books on art, e.g.. The Meaning of Art, 
 New York, [1930]. WWW 2 
 
 McMAHON, WILLIAM (Feb. 9, 1847-?), 
 clergyman, born in County Wicklow, Ire- 
 land, was brought to the United States 
 when he was four years old. His parents 
 lived in Cleveland until 1866 and then 
 moved to Olmsted Falls. After graduating 
 from St. Louis College in 1869 and from 
 St. Mary's Seminary in 1872, he was or- 
 dained a Roman Catholic priest. He served 
 three years at Elmore near Toledo and then 
 became pastor of St. Bridget's Church, 
 Cleveland. The book below is an account 
 of a round-the-world trip which was a gift 
 from the St. Bridget's congregation to com- 
 memorate the silver jubilee of his ordina- 
 tion. 
 
 A Journev with the Sun around the World, 
 [Cleveland, 1900]. 
 
 McMANUS, SILAS BETTES (Sept. 17, 1845- 
 April 15, 1917), physician, was born in 
 Rootstown. Portage County, but spent most 
 of his life in Indiana. He graduated from 
 Medical College, Fort Wayne. Throughout 
 his career he contributed poems to various 
 periodicals. 
 For What Would You Take Me; And Nine 
 
 or Ten Other Rhxmes, LaGrange, Ind., 
 
 [1894]. 
 Rural Rhymes, Cincinnati, [1898]. 
 
 MacMANUS, THEODORE FRANCIS (1873- 
 Sept. 12, 1940), advertising man, born in 
 Buffalo, N. Y., lived for a number of years 
 
 in Toledo. At the age of nineteen he was 
 managing editor of the Toledo Commercial. 
 He opened an advertising agency in Toledo, 
 but later moved to Detroit, where he held 
 contracts with various automobile com- 
 panies. He died in Sudbury, Ontario, Can- 
 ada. He published The Sword-Arm of Busi- 
 ness, New York. [1927], and considerable 
 poetry, including at least one collection: 
 A Book of Verse, Detroit, 1922. 
 
 MacMASTER, HOMER EUGENE (Aug. 6, 
 1881-May 18, 1942), was born in Monroe 
 County and also lived in Belmont County. 
 A graduate of the College of Wooster, he 
 was active in Boy Scout and Y.M. C.A. 
 work. He died in San Marino, Calif. He 
 collected Lincolniana as an avocation and 
 published a volume of poetry: Abraham 
 Lincoln Looks across the Mall, Boston, 
 [1932]. 
 
 MacMILLAN, GEORGE WHITFIELD (Aug. 
 19. 1827-May 6, 1918), clergyman, was 
 born in York County. Pa. After graduating 
 from Princeton Theological Seminary in 
 1857. he served several Presbyterian 
 churches before becoming president of 
 Richmond College. Jefferson County. He 
 died in Richmond. He wrote The Creation 
 and Development of the Universe, Steuben- 
 ville, 1902. 
 
 McMILLAN, HOMER (Dec. 20, 1873-Feb. 
 8, 1958). clergyman, was born near Cedar- 
 ville. Greene County. He graduated from 
 Cedarville College in 1897 and from New 
 Brunswick. N. J.. Theological Seminary in 
 1900. After serving churches in New Jer- 
 sey. California, and Georgia, he was gen- 
 eral secretary of the Executive Committee 
 of Home Missions, Presbyterian Church in 
 the U.S., 1906-48. He wrote several books 
 on religious themes, e.g., Other Men 
 Labored, Richmond, Va., [1937]. WWW 3 
 
 MacMILLAN, MARION THAYER (Aug. 27, 
 1865-Sept. 20, 1949), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. Her husband. Wade 
 MacMillan, was on the medical faculty of 
 the University of Cincinnati. After his 
 death she lived in Oxford. She lectured 
 widely on the influence of reflections in the 
 water on primitive art and published a 
 book on the subject: Reflections: The Story 
 of Water Pictures, New York, [1936]. 
 
 MacMILLAN, MARY LOUISE (1870-July 
 16, 1936), was born in Venice, Erie 
 County. She attended high school in Hamil- 
 ton and Wells College, afterward making 
 her home in Cincinnati. She wrote a num- 
 
McMillen 
 
 420 
 
 ber of one-act plays popular with amateur 
 theater groups, published poems in various 
 magazines and a collection: The Little 
 Golden Fountain, and Other Verses, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1916. WO 2 
 
 McMILLEN, WHEELER (Jan. 27, 1893- 
 ), farm magazine editor, was born 
 near Ada, Hardin County. After attending 
 Ohio Northern University briefly, he be- 
 came a reporter on the Cincinnati Post in 
 1912. He published the Covington Repub- 
 lican, 1914-18, operated a farm in Hardin 
 County, 1918-22, was on the editorial staff 
 of the Country Home, 1922-39, and edited 
 the Farm Journal, 1939-55. His books 
 about farming include The Farming Fever, 
 New York, 1924. WW 30 
 
 MacMURRAY, CLAIRE (Feb. 12, 1899- 
 ), born in Huntington, Ind., has been 
 a columnist on the Cleveland Plain Dealer 
 for a number of years. Her column pro- 
 vided much of the material for her first 
 book: And Beat Him When He Sneezes, 
 New York, 1941. WW AW 1 
 
 McMURRAY, WILLIAM JAMES (Oct. 17, 
 1849-Sept. 8, 1931), journalist, was born 
 in Newport, Ky. In 1859 his mother moved 
 to Ohio, and he grew up in St. Marys and 
 Wapakoneta. In 1880, after working for 
 thirteen years in a store, he helped found 
 the Auglaize Republican, a newspaper that 
 he published for many years. He edited The 
 History of Auglaize County . . . , Indianap- 
 olis, 1923. 
 
 McNAMARA, JAMES R. (Feb. 6, 1877-Jan. 
 12, 1951), was born in Howland Township, 
 Trumbull County. He lectured widely and 
 published poems in various periodicals. He 
 died in Niles, where he had lived for more 
 than thirty years. He published six collec- 
 tions of verse, e.g., Poems of Beautiful 
 Sentiment, Niles, [1928]. 
 
 McNEAL, THOMAS ALLEN (Oct. 14, 1853- 
 Aug. 7, 1942), journalist, was born in 
 Marion County. He attended Oberlin and 
 Hillsdale Colleges. After farming and 
 teaching school, he settled in Medicine 
 Lodge, Kan., in 1879. He was an editor of 
 the Medicine Lodge Cresset, 1879-84, 
 established the Kansas Breeze in 1894 and 
 later consolidated it with the North Topeka 
 Mail as the Farmer's Mail and Breeze, 
 which he edited, and was associate editor 
 of the Topeka Daily Capital. 
 Tom McNeal's Fables . . . , Topeka, Kan., 
 
 1900. 
 When Kansas Was Young, New York, 
 
 1922. 
 
 McNEMAR, RICHARD (Nov. 20, 1770- 
 Sept. 15, 1839), Shaker leader, was born in 
 Tuscarora, Pa. At the age of sixteen he 
 began teaching school in Stone Valley, Pa. 
 In 1789 he made his first trip to Kentucky, 
 and during the next eight years he taught in 
 Pennsylvania and Kentucky. In 1797 he 
 was licensed to preach by the Presbytery 
 in Caneridge, Ky. He became pastor of 
 Turtle Creek church northwest of Cincin- 
 nati and soon built it into one of the 
 largest Presbyterian churches in Ohio. In 
 1802 the Presbytery of Cincinnati charged 
 him with heresy but permitted him to con- 
 tinue preaching. The following year he 
 withdrew from the Synod and became one 
 of the group known as Schismatics. In 
 1805 he was converted to Shakerism by 
 three missionaries from the East, and most 
 of his congregation followed his example. 
 A man of enormous energy, he assisted in 
 the founding of Union Village in 1812 and 
 other societies, preached to the Indians, and 
 made numerous trips to the Eastern Shaker 
 communities and to those in Ohio, Ken- 
 tucky, and Indiana. He wrote many hymns, 
 songs, and poems. Owner of a printing 
 press, he published innumerable leaflets, 
 pamphlets, and broadsides — many of them 
 extracts from his own writings. He was fre- 
 quently threatened with mob violence and 
 legal action, but his greatest disappoint- 
 ment came from within his own commu- 
 nity. Freegift Wells of Watervliet, N. Y., 
 who was appointed leader of Union Village 
 in 1836, was instrumental in having Mc- 
 Nemar expelled from the community in 
 1839 with only his clothes and his printing 
 press. He was reinstated but died shortly 
 thereafter. He sometimes used the pen 
 name Eleazar Wright. The listing below is 
 a highly abbreviated record of his enor- 
 mous output. 
 
 The Kentucky Revival; Or a Short History 
 of the Late Extraordinary Outpouring of 
 the Spirit of God in the Western States 
 of America . . . , Cincinnati, 1807. 
 "Shakerism Detected" Examined and Re- 
 futed in Five Propositions, Lebanon, 
 1811. 
 The Other Side of the Question . . . , (with 
 
 others), Cincinnati, 1819. 
 A Concise Answer to the General Inquiry 
 Who or What Are the Shakers, Union 
 Village, 1823. 
 A Review of the Most Important Events 
 Relating to the Rise and Progress of the 
 United Society of Believers in the West 
 . . . , Union Village, 1831. 
 A Series of Lectures on Orthodoxy and 
 Heterodoxy . . . , Dayton, 1832. 
 
421 
 
 MacVey, W. P. 
 
 McNICOL, HUGH S. (Aug. 6, 1866-Sept. 8, 
 1887), was born in Hillsboro, Highland 
 County. Little is known of his life, but he 
 is said to have been an invalid who died of 
 tuberculosis shortly after the publication of 
 his little book of verse. 
 The Rustic Poet and Other Poems, [Hills- 
 boro, 1886]. 
 
 McNULTY, JOHN (Nov. 1, 1895-July 29, 
 1956), journalist, born in Lawrenceville, 
 Mass., lived in Columbus about eight years 
 while working as reporter, dramatic critic, 
 and columnist. Primarily remembered for 
 his reporting of the New York scene for 
 The New Yorker, he appears somewhat out 
 of place in a collection of Ohio writers; but 
 he has become a minor legend in the his- 
 tory of Columbus journalism. He is remem- 
 bered, for example, for a telegram he sent 
 to his editor while covering an out-of-town 
 assignment: "Have been invited to join 
 Marietta lodge of Elks. Please send birth 
 certificate and more expense money." His 
 books, collections of his New Yorker pieces, 
 include Third Avenue, Boston, 1946. 
 
 MacPHERSON, GEORGIA HARTER, was 
 
 born in Springfield, Clark County. A gradu- 
 ate of Wittenberg College, she has taught 
 English and French there since 1921. Her 
 poems have appeared in numerous antholo- 
 gies and magazines, and she has published 
 several collections, e.g., Then Comes Song, 
 Dallas, Texas, [1939]. 
 
 Mcpherson, logan grant (Aug. n, 
 
 1863-March 23, 1925), economist, was 
 born in Circleville, Pickaway County. He 
 was employed by various railroads as a 
 statistician and traffic expert, and in 1910 
 he organized the Bureau of Railway Eco- 
 nomics. Besides technical books, articles, 
 and lectures, he published several popular 
 discussions of economics, e.g., How the 
 World Makes Its Living, New York, 1916. 
 DAB 12 
 
 McPHERSON, LYDIA STARR (1827-1903), 
 was born in Warnock, Belmont County. Her 
 parents moved to Licking County when she 
 was three and to Iowa when she was twelve. 
 She taught school in Iowa and at 21 mar- 
 ried D. Hunter, who died leaving her with 
 five children to rear. In 1874 she moved to 
 the Southwest after marrying Granville 
 McPherson, editor of the Oklahoma Star. 
 She published newspapers in several Texas 
 towns. 
 Reullura, a Book of Poems, Buffalo, 1892. 
 
 MacQUEARY, THOMAS HOWARD (May 
 27, 1861-July, 1931), clergyman, was born 
 
 in Virginia. He served as rector of the Epis- 
 copal Church in Canton, 1885-91, and 
 while there he published his first book: The 
 Evolution of Man and Christianity , New 
 York, 1890. Because he appeared in this 
 book to deny the virgin birth of Christ, he 
 was tried for heresy in 1891 and was sus- 
 pended from the ministry. He later became 
 a Universalist clergyman in Minneapolis. 
 
 McRAE, MILTON ALEXANDER (June 13, 
 1858-Oct. 11, 1930), newspaper publisher, 
 born in Detroit, was in Cincinnati from 
 1882 to 1887 as business manager of the 
 Post. His success in raising its circulation 
 from 6,000 to 200,000 led to his rapid rise 
 in the Scripps-McRae newspaper chain and 
 in the United Press Association. He retired 
 in 1907 and spent the remainder of his life 
 in Detroit, where he wrote his autobiog- 
 raphy: Forty Years in Newspaperdom . . . , 
 New York, [1924]. DAB 12 
 
 McVEY, FRANK LeROND (Nov. 10, 1869- 
 Jan. 4, 1953), educator, was born in Wil- 
 mington, Clinton County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1893 
 and Yale University (Ph.D.) in 1895. He 
 taught economics at the University of Min- 
 nesota, 1896-1907, and was the first chair- 
 man of the Minnesota Tax Commission, 
 1907-09. He was president of the University 
 of North Dakota, 1909-17, and the State 
 University of Kentucky, 1917-40. Besides 
 the titles below, he published textbooks and 
 a number of addresses and papers. 
 The Populist Movement, New York, 1896. 
 The Government of Minnesota, Its History 
 
 and Administration, New York, 1901. 
 The Taxation of Mineral Properties, Colum- 
 bus, [1908?]. 
 Railroad Transportation; Some Phases of 
 Its History, Operation and Regulation, 
 Minneapolis, 1910. 
 The Making of a Town, Chicago, 1913. 
 The Financial History of Great Britain, 
 1914-1918, New York, 1918. 
 
 McVEY, WILLIAM ESTUS (Dec. 13, 1885- 
 Aug. 10, 1958), educator and congressman, 
 was born at Lee's Creek, Clinton County. 
 A graduate of Ohio University and the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago, he taught in Harvey, 
 111., 1919^7. He also served in the 82nd- 
 85th Congresses. His writings include Know 
 Your Vitamins, Chicago, 1947. WWW 3 
 
 MacVEY, WILLIAM PITT (March 25, 1873- 
 
 ), clergyman and educator, was born 
 
 in Toledo, Lucas County. He graduated 
 
 from Des Moines College in 1892 and Drew 
 
 Seminary in 1896. After serving as a Meth- 
 
McVicker 
 
 422 
 
 odist clergyman in several cities, he became 
 president of Hedding College in 1907. He 
 published The Genius of Methodism . . . , 
 Cincinnati, [1903]. WW 6 
 
 McVICKER, DAPHNE ALLOW AY (March 
 14, 1895- ), was born in Cambridge, 
 Guernsey County, but lived in Columbus, 
 where her parents moved when she was a 
 year old. She graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1916. Her husband, Vinton 
 E. McVicker, was editor of the Scripps- 
 Howard Bureau in Columbus. She now lives 
 in New York City. She has published short 
 stories and other fiction in national maga- 
 zines, but her most successful work was an 
 account of her twenty-year-long attempt to 
 find a housemaid who would relieve her of 
 household duties and give her time to write: 
 The Queen Was in the Kitchen, New York, 
 [1941]. 
 
 MADDUX, BERTON J. (Aug. 4, 1871-Feb. 
 28, 1952), educator, was born in Cedar 
 Point, Hamilton County. He attended Cin- 
 cinnati schools, National Normal Univer- 
 sity, and Antioch College. He began teach- 
 ing in Hamilton County schools in 1890 and 
 afterward served as a teacher and principal 
 in Springfield and other communities. The 
 romantic novel below has its setting in 
 Cincinnati and vicinity. 
 The Veil Withdrawn; A Novel, New York, 
 1900. 
 
 MADDY, HOMER BASIL (Jan. 16, 1886- 
 ), was born in Cadmus, Gallia County. 
 When he was eleven, his family moved to 
 Lawrence County. He attended Rio Grande 
 College and Bliss College, Columbus, and 
 taught in Lawrence County schools for a 
 number of years before moving to Hunt- 
 ington, W. Va., in 1913. He was employed 
 by a hardware company in Huntington for 
 thirty years until his retirement in 1958. 
 He is the author of several books of verse, 
 e.g., Ballads of Mountain and Prairie, Shel- 
 byville, Ind., [1941]. 
 
 MADISON, HAROLD LESTER (Sept. 23, 
 1878- ), naturalist, born in Warwick, 
 R. I., lived in Cleveland, 1921-39, while 
 on the staff of the Museum of Natural His- 
 tory. He now lives in Providence, R. I. 
 While in Ohio he wrote several books on 
 Ohio nature study, e.g., Wild Flowers of 
 Ohio, Cleveland, [1938]. WW 24 
 
 MAGEE, JAMES H. (June 23, 1839- ? ), was 
 born in Madison County, 111. His mother 
 was a former slave. Despite a sketchy edu- 
 cation he taught school for some years. In 
 
 1865 he became pastor of a Baptist church 
 in Toronto, Canada, and continued his edu- 
 cation while holding this position. In 1871 
 he came to Cincinnati as pastor of the 
 Union Baptist Church. He is listed in the 
 Cincinnati directory through 1876, but there 
 is no record of him thereafter. While in 
 Cincinnati he wrote his autobiography: The 
 Night of Affliction and Morning of Recov- 
 ery. An Autobiography, Cincinnati, 1873. 
 
 MAGEVNEY, HUGH LEGARE (Nov. 15, 
 1845-May 2, 1908), clergyman, born in 
 Jackson, Mich., was ordained in the Jesuit 
 order in Cincinnati in 1875. Widely known 
 for conducting missions and retreats, he was 
 stationed at various times in Marysville, 
 Russia, Springfield, and Cincinnati. He pub- 
 lished A Legacy of Lectures and Verses, 
 Cincinnati, [1906]. 
 
 MAGINNIS, SISTER MARY JOSEPHINE 
 
 (July 4, 1872- ), educator, was born 
 in Zanesville, Muskingum County. A mem- 
 ber of the Ursuline Sisterhood, she is a 
 graduate of Notre Dame University and 
 Fordham University. She served as direc- 
 tress of the Ursuline Academy, Cincinnati, 
 and as assistant superior of the Ursuline 
 Community, Brown County. She is now liv- 
 ing in the Ursuline Convent, St. Martin, 
 Brown County. She has published articles 
 and poems in various periodicals and a 
 book on convent life: Peace Grows in My 
 Garden, New York, [1944]. 
 
 MAGINNIS, SISTER MONICA (Nov. 27, 
 1870-Feb. 27, 1958), educator, was born 
 in Zanesville, Muskingum County. She grad- 
 uated from Catholic University of America 
 in 1917 and Notre Dame University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1926; she also studied in Spanish univer- 
 sities, 1933-36. A teacher in the School of 
 Ursulines, St. Martin, Brown County, she 
 wrote several books, including an account 
 of her years in Spain: And Then the Storm, 
 New York, 1937. CWW 10 
 
 MAGOON, ELI AS LYMAN (Oct. 20, 1810- 
 Nov. 25, 1886), clergyman, born in Leb- 
 anon, N. H., was a Baptist pastor in Cin- 
 cinnati, 1845-49. He later served churches 
 in New York City, Albany, and Philadel- 
 phia, and was also popular as a lecturer. 
 His books include The Eloquence of the 
 Colonial and Revolutionary Times . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1847. 
 
 MAGOUN, F. ALEXANDER (March 4, 1896- 
 
 ), educator, was born in Oberlin, 
 
 Lorain County, but was reared in New 
 
 England. He served on the staff of Massa- 
 
423 
 
 Mallory, H. 
 
 chusetts Institute of Technology, his alma 
 mater, 1920-50, and now lives in Jaffrey 
 Center, N. H. His books include The Frig- 
 ate Constitution and Other Historic Ships, 
 Salem, Mass., 1928. WW 30 
 
 MAHAN, ASA (Nov. 9, 1799-April 4, 1889), 
 Congregational clergyman and first presi- 
 dent of Oberlin College, was born in 
 Vernon. N. Y. Reared in an atmosphere of 
 rigorous Calvinism, he passed through an 
 intense period of inner doubt and self-ex- 
 amination in his seventeenth year which 
 led to his acceptance of the concept of com- 
 plete moral freedom. He graduated from 
 Hamilton College in 1824 and Andover 
 Seminary in 1827. Called to Sixth Presby- 
 terian Church, Cincinnati, in 1831, he also 
 served as a trustee of Lane Seminary and 
 vigorously opposed the ruling that forbade 
 discussion of the slavery question. When he 
 was chosen president of Oberlin in 1835, 
 eighty Lane students, led by Theodore 
 Weld (q.v.), followed him, with the result 
 that a theological department was estab- 
 lished to accommodate them. Mahan's ad- 
 ministration established the humane liberal- 
 ism that characterized the subsequent poli- 
 cies of the college. Women were granted 
 degrees from the first, and no student was 
 denied admission because of his race. In 
 1850 Mahan resigned to accept the presi- 
 dency of Cleveland University, which failed. 
 He later preached in Michigan, was presi- 
 dent of Adrian College, 1860-71, and after 
 1871 lived in England, where he was a 
 popular preacher. He died in Eastbourne, 
 England. 
 Scripture Doctrine of Christian Perfection 
 
 . . . , Boston, 1839. 
 Doctrine of the Will, New York, 1845. 
 A System of Intellectual Philosophy, New 
 
 York, 1845. 
 The True Believer . . . , New York, 1847. 
 The Science of Moral Philosophy, Oberlin, 
 
 1848. 
 Election and the Influence of the Holy 
 
 Spirit, Boston, 1851. 
 Modern Mysteries Explained and Exposed 
 
 . . . , Boston, 1855. 
 The Science of Logic . . . , New York, 1857. 
 Science of Natural Theology, Boston, 1867. 
 The Baptism of the Holy Ghost, New York, 
 
 1870. 
 Theism and Anti-theism in Their Relations 
 
 to Science, Cleveland, 1872. 
 The Phenomena of Spiritualism Scientifi- 
 cally Explained and Exposed, London, 
 
 1875. 
 A Critical History of the Late American 
 
 War .... New York, 1877. 
 
 Out of Darkness into Light . . . , London, 
 
 1877. 
 Autobiography, Intellectual, Moral, and 
 
 Spiritual, London, 1 882. 
 A System of Mental Philosophy, Chicago, 
 
 1882. 
 A Critical History of Philosophy, 2 vols., 
 
 New York, 1883. 
 
 MAKIN, JOHN J. (June 30, 1898- ), 
 engineer, was born in Owensville. Clermont 
 County. He served with the army in France 
 during World War I and with the merchant 
 marine in World War II. A graduate of 
 Ohio Mechanics Institute, he has worked 
 as an engineer and has also dealt in real 
 estate. He now lives in Cincinnati. Under 
 the pen name Neptune Rex, he has written 
 a book about a man who served in both 
 wars: The Affairs of Judge Black, New 
 York, 1946. 
 
 MALDCLEWITH, RONSBY. Pseud. See 
 Byron C. Smith. 
 
 MALINE, WILLIAM A. (Sept. 1, 1852-Dec. 
 30, 1933), lawyer, was born in Canton, 
 Stark County. He attended public schools. 
 In 1875 he moved to Youngstown, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. He was 
 admitted to the bar in 1877, served two 
 terms as city solicitor, and was a founder 
 of the City Trust and Savings Company. 
 The Nineteenth Century and Other Poems, 
 Cleveland, 1898. 
 
 MALLON, GUY WARD (April 28, 1864- 
 Dec. 23, 1933), lawyer and banker, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He 
 graduated from Yale in 1885 and Cincin- 
 nati Law School in 1888. He practiced law 
 in Cincinnati, was president of Cincinnati 
 Trust Company, took an active part in civic 
 affairs, and was a founder of Consumers' 
 League. He published a manual on election 
 laws and several works on economic sub- 
 jects, e.g.. Bankers vs Consumers, New 
 York, [1933]. WW 4 
 
 MALLORY, HENRY (Feb. 27, 1822-Dec. 
 21, 1904), physician, was born in Botetourt 
 County, Va. In 1835 his father moved to a 
 farm in Fayette County and the following 
 year to Indiana. Henry graduated from 
 Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1849 and 
 practiced in Hamilton until 1861. He served 
 for a time with the 4th Kentucky Volunteer 
 Cavalry until discharged for disability. 
 After farming briefly in Tennessee, he re- 
 turned to Hamilton to practice medicine 
 and passed the remainder of his life in that 
 community. 
 
 Gems of Thought and Character Sketches 
 . . . , Hamilton, 1895. 
 
Mallory, H. S. 
 
 424 
 
 MALLORY, HERBERT SAMUEL (June 8, 
 1872-Dec 30, 1927), educator, was born 
 in Akron, Summit County. After attending 
 Akron High School, Rutgers Academy, and 
 Buchtel College, he graduated from West- 
 ern Reserve University in 1899 and Yale 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1904. He taught at 
 several schools and colleges, the last of 
 which was the University of Michigan, 
 1918-27. He was killed in an automobile 
 accident at Ypsilanti, Mich. His writings 
 include a novel, Tempered Steel; A Ro- 
 mance, New York, [1909]. 
 
 MALONE, J. WALTER (Aug. 11, 1857-Dec. 
 30, 1935), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Clermont County. He graduated 
 from Chickering Institute, Cincinnati, in 
 1877. He founded First Friends Church, 
 Cleveland, served as its pastor for 25 years, 
 organized four other churches in Cleveland 
 and vicinity, and also founded Cleveland 
 Bible Institute and served as its president. 
 The Gospel in Jonah, Cleveland, [1900]. 
 
 MANAK, ROBERTA (Nov. 6, 1874-June 17, 
 1950), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. After graduating from Cleveland 
 Normal School, she taught in the city 
 schools for eight years. In 1904 she married 
 Frank Manak, a lawyer and banker. She 
 published a collection of poems: Garden 
 Episodes in Verse, [Cleveland, 1937]. 
 
 MANATT, JAMES IRVING (Feb. 17, 1845- 
 Feb. 13, 1915), educator, was born near 
 Millersburg, Holmes County, but was reared 
 and educated in Iowa. He graduated from 
 Iowa College in 1869 and Yale University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1873. He taught at Denison 
 University, 1874-76, and Marietta College, 
 1877-84. He was chancellor of the Uni- 
 versity of Nebraska, 1884-89, but was more 
 effective as a teacher than as an adminis- 
 trator. After serving as consul at Athens, 
 Greece, he joined the faculty of Brown 
 University, where he served until his death. 
 The Mycenaean Age, (with Chrestos Tsoun- 
 
 tas), New York, [1897]. 
 Aegean Days, London, 1913. 
 
 MANCHESTER, RAYMOND EARL (March 
 6, 1884- ), educator, born in Battle 
 Creek, Mich., was professor of mathe- 
 matics and dean of men at Kent State Uni- 
 versity, 1920-54. After his retirement he 
 continued to live in Kent and served two 
 terms as mayor of the town. He has pub- 
 lished numerous textbooks and several books 
 of poetry for children, e.g., In and Out the 
 Garden Gate, Menasha, Wis., [1929]. 
 WWMW 6 
 
 MANDERSON, CHARLES FREDERICK 
 
 (Feb. 9, 1837-Sept. 28, 1911), lawyer, was 
 born in Philadelphia. In 1856 he came 
 to Canton, where he read law and twice 
 served as city solicitor. He served in the 
 19th O.V.I, and was retired because of 
 wounds in Sept., 1864, with the brevet rank 
 of brigadier general. After the war he prac- 
 ticed law in Canton and served as district 
 attorney. In 1869 he moved to Nebraska 
 and served two terms in the U. S. Senate. 
 He wrote a romance of Civil War times 
 which was derived largely from his own 
 experience and observation: The Twin 
 Seven-Shooters, New York, [1902]. DAB 12 
 
 MANN, HORACE (May 4, 1796-Aug. 2, 
 1859), educator, born in Franklin, Mass., 
 served as president of Antioch College, 
 1852-59. In 1857 the college was sold for 
 its debts, Mann putting up most of the 
 money to redeem it. Despite his herculean 
 efforts to keep it operating, debts mounted 
 and in 1859 it was sold again. On the An- 
 tioch campus a monument bears a sentence 
 from his baccalaureate address at the 1859 
 Commencement: "Be ashamed to die until 
 you have won some victory for humanity." 
 A few weeks later he was dead. He pub- 
 lished many educational reports, speeches, 
 textbooks, and articles. Many of his writ- 
 ings are found in volumes II and III of his 
 works, edited by his wife, (Boston, 1867— 
 68). 
 
 MANN, JACOB (Aug. 26, 1888-Oct. 23, 
 1940), rabbi and educator, was born in 
 Przemsyl, Galicia. He studied at the Uni- 
 versity of London and was ordained as a 
 rabbi in England. He came to the United 
 States in 1920 and was professor of history 
 at Hebrew Union College, 1922-40. He pub- 
 lished several studies of Jewish religion and 
 history, e.g., The Bible as Read and 
 Preached in the Old Synagogue . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1940. 
 
 MANN, MARY TYLER PEABODY (Nov. 
 16, 1806-Feb. 11, 1887), born in Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., lived in Ohio from 1852 to 
 1859, while her husband, Horace Mann 
 (q.v.), was president of Antioch College. 
 During her Ohio stay she published a cook- 
 book: Christianity in the Kitchen . . . , 
 Boston, 1858. She later wrote a life of her 
 husband and edited his writings. 
 
 MANN, WILLIAM D'ALTON (Sept. 27, 
 1839-May 17, 1920), journalist, was born 
 in Sandusky, Erie County. At the outbreak 
 of the Civil War he was living in Grand 
 Rapids, Mich., where he joined the 1st 
 
425 
 
 Mansfield, E. D. 
 
 Michigan Cavalry as a captain. He rose to 
 the rank of colonel of the 7th Michigan 
 Cavalry, and after the war he went to Ala- 
 bama, where he was proprietor of the Mo- 
 bile Register for several years. He pioneered 
 in the manufacture of cotton-seed oil and 
 was an unsuccessful candidate for election 
 to Congress. Some profitable inventions en- 
 abled him to settle in New York in the 
 1870s. He achieved a noisome notoriety as 
 editor of Town Topics, of which he acquired 
 control in 1891. Hated and feared by his 
 enemies and not much loved or trusted by 
 his few friends, he became a most contro- 
 versial figure, but both he and Town Topics 
 seemed to thrive on controversy. His ene- 
 mies charged that he favored those who lent 
 him money and never tried to get it back, 
 but none doubted his influence. He filled his 
 columns with spiteful venom directed toward 
 those who crossed him, and he never hesi- 
 tated to devote space to building up the 
 social prestige of his favorites. That Town 
 Topics was an effective blackmailing device 
 was the least of the charges aired in public 
 prints, and under constant attack he gradu- 
 ally lost his influence. He founded Smart 
 Set in 1900. He died in Morristown, N. J. 
 The Raiders . . . , London, 1876. 
 Fads and Fancies of Representative Ameri- 
 cans at the Beginning of the Twentieth 
 Century, Being a Portrayal of Their 
 Tastes, Diversions and Achievements, 
 New York, 1905. 
 The Currency Question . . . , New York, 
 1907. 
 
 MANNERS, WILLIAM (April 3, 1907- ), 
 was born William Rosenberg in Butler, Pa. 
 While he was a baby his parents moved to 
 Zanesville, where his father served as a 
 rabbi. He graduated from Zanesville High 
 School and studied for a time at the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati and Hebrew Union 
 College. After abandoning the idea of be- 
 coming a rabbi, he went to New York City, 
 where he was an editor for Hillman Publi- 
 cations. He now lives in Florida. He has 
 written several books, e.g., an account of 
 his father, Rabbi Harris Rosenberg: Father 
 and the Angels, New York, 1947. 
 
 MANNHEIMER, LOUISE HERSCHMANN 
 
 (Sept. 3, 1844-Dec. 17, 1920), was born in 
 Bohemia. In 1866 her parents brought her 
 to New York City, and three years later she 
 married Sigmund Mannheimer. In 1884, 
 after living in St. Louis, Mo., and Rochester, 
 N. Y., they came to Cincinnati. Mrs. Mann- 
 heimer founded the Free Industrial School 
 for Boys and was active in other Cincinnati 
 charities. She moved to New York City in 
 
 1917 and died in that city. Her husband 
 lMa> 16. 1835-Dec. 18, 1909) was born in 
 Kernel, Germany. After teaching in Ger- 
 many and in France, he came to Baltimore, 
 Md., in 1865. He served on the faculty of 
 Hebrew Union College, 1884-1909. Poems 
 by both of the Mannheimers were collected 
 and published posthumously by their 
 daughters. The first title below was written 
 by Mrs. Mannheimer. 
 
 How Joe Learned to Darn Stockings, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1897. 
 Poems in German and English, New York, 
 1921. 
 
 MANNHEIMER, SIGMUND. See Louise H. 
 
 Mannheimer. 
 
 MANSFIELD, EDWARD DEERING (Aug. 
 17, 1801-Oct. 27, 1880), was born at New 
 Haven, Conn. His father, Jared Mansfield 
 (q.v.), brought his family to Marietta in 
 1803, moving on two years later to the then 
 frontier village of Cincinnati. Here they 
 remained until the outbreak of the War of 
 1812, when the father was assigned to duty 
 at West Point, and young Edward was 
 bundled off to school in New Haven. He 
 entered the U. S. Military Academy in 1815, 
 graduating at the age of eighteen. The 
 young warrior now entered Princeton, and 
 graduated at the top of his class (in science) 
 in 1822. After a family conference it was de- 
 cided that the embryo scientist should be a 
 lawyer and, accordingly, he entered the 
 famous law school of Judge Gould at Litch- 
 field, Conn. At this time Litchfield was not 
 only the intersection of two great high- 
 ways — the high road from New York to 
 Boston and the most popular route from 
 Hartford to the West — but it was also the 
 seat of several popular schools, which were 
 attended by the sons and daughters of many 
 of New England's most distinguished fami- 
 lies. It was at Sarah Pierce's school that he 
 heard Harriet Beecher read and there that 
 he met his wife, the gifted Mary Peck. 
 Across the street from his boardinghouse 
 was the home of Lyman Beecher, where he 
 was a frequent guest. At one time or an- 
 other the best scholars of New England 
 tarried in Litchfield, and, with entree to the 
 best families, young Mansfield seems to 
 have met most of them. He began his career 
 as a publicist in Litchfield by contributing 
 articles to the stuffy Litchfield Republican 
 in 1824. A number of his new friends and 
 acquaintances were to play important roles 
 in the cultural development of Cincinnati. 
 Litchfield was a profoundly influential en- 
 vironment for the young man who, upon 
 being admitted to the Connecticut bar in 
 
Mansfield, E. D. 
 
 426 
 
 1825, immediately turned his footsteps in 
 the direction of the Queen City of the West. 
 He arrived late in the spring of 1825, where 
 he was met by Dr. Daniel Drake (q.v.), who 
 had married his cousin. At the Drakes' home 
 he found a kindred soul in the doctor's 
 younger brother, Benjamin (q.v.), another 
 lawyer with literary aspirations. Once settled 
 in Cincinnati he went through the motions 
 of establishing a law practice, and but little 
 more, his one case in court being a dismal 
 failure. Between the theater and many par- 
 ties he and Ben Drake were busy young 
 men during the winter of 1825-26, and there 
 was a living to be made. Back in 1815 
 Dr. Drake had published his Natural and 
 Statistical View, or Picture of Cincinnati 
 and the Miami Country. Issued in an unusu- 
 ally large edition it had enjoyed a good sale, 
 but it was long since obsolete, and there was 
 a substantial demand for a similar work 
 designed to encourage emigration to the 
 Cincinnati area. So it was that Ben Drake 
 and Mansfield began a toilsome house-to- 
 house census of the city in the spring of 
 
 1826. The result, Cincinnati in 1826, was 
 published in 1827. A sensible and well-writ- 
 ten account of Cincinnati and the fertile 
 country surrounding it, the book was a suc- 
 cess. Besides a large local sale the English 
 traveler, W. Bullock, bought hundreds of 
 copies, which he took to London and bound 
 in as an appendix to his Sketch of a Journey 
 through the Western States of North 
 America, published in London late in 1827. 
 Within a year the pair were sharing the 
 editorial chair of the weekly newspaper 
 Cincinnati Chronicle and Literary Gazette, 
 but Mansfield's health declined to the ex- 
 tent that he was forced to return to New 
 England, where he remained for several 
 years. In the autumn of 1832 he came back 
 to Cincinnati to find that an incredible 
 change in the cultural life of that city had 
 taken place. Within a scant two years, be- 
 tween 1830 and 1832, there had arrived in 
 Cincinnati a brilliant coterie of youngsters 
 who were to make literary history. Among 
 the newcomers were the Beecher sisters, 
 James H. Perkins, Frederick William 
 Thomas, Caroline Lee Hentz, C. E. Stowe, 
 the young lawyers Salmon P. Chase and 
 Timothy Walker, to say nothing of the 
 scholarly Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel 
 (qq.v.). He was welcomed into the newly 
 formed Semi-colon Club, where he found a 
 number of old friends from Connecticut, 
 while he in turn welcomed Mitchel into his 
 dingy law office on Third Street. Mitchel 
 had been his father's favorite student and 
 for a short time his assistant at West Point. 
 Referring to this partnership in a profession 
 
 for which neither man had much aptitude, 
 Mansfield has tried to provide us a bit of 
 the atmosphere of their office. To this end 
 he writes of himself hunched over his desk 
 writing his Political Grammar, while Mitchel 
 sat in one corner occasionally reading aloud 
 snatches from Quintilian. It is a misleading 
 picture. Although their office may not have 
 been crowded with clients, it must have been 
 a rather hectic place. On his return Mans- 
 field had rejoined Ben Drake on the edi- 
 torial staff of the Chronicle. During his 
 absence in the East the Western Literary 
 Institute and College of Professional 
 Teachers had been organized and dedicated 
 to the creation of a system of free schools. 
 This was a subject close to the hearts of 
 both partners, and shortly they were deeply 
 immersed in the affairs of that active organi- 
 zation. By 1834 Mansfield and Daniel Drake 
 were laying their plans to promote the con- 
 struction of a railroad from Cincinnati to 
 the Carolina tidal waters. Harper's published 
 his Political Grammar in 1834. It was favor- 
 ably received and ran into many editions. 
 With the merger of the Chronicle and the 
 Cincinnati Mirror he was relieved for a time 
 of his editorial duties. But in 1835 he ac- 
 cepted the professorship of constitutional 
 law and history in Cincinnati College. The 
 following year Dr. Drake and others re- 
 established the Chronicle with Mansfield as 
 editor. The paper became a daily in 1839 
 and was finally bought by his old friend, 
 Nathan Guilford, in 1850, and merged with 
 the Atlas, Mansfield continuing as editor 
 until 1852. He was the founding editor of 
 the Railroad Record, which he conducted 
 until 1872, holding at the same time the 
 office of Commissioner of Statistics for Ohio, 
 an office to which he was appointed by 
 Governor Salmon P. Chase in 1868. Though 
 he wrote many books and pamphlets, the 
 writing of these was but incidental to his 
 career as a journalist. His books which will 
 live longest are his Daniel Drake (1855) 
 and his Personal Memories (1879). The 
 former is recognized as a basic source on the 
 life of the "Nestor of the Ohio Valley," 
 while the latter is a frank and entertaining 
 account of early days in Cincinnati, abound- 
 ing in historical facts of permanent value. 
 Many of his addresses and lectures were 
 published as separate pamphlets. He died at 
 his home, "Yamoyden," near Morrow. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Cincinnati in 1826, (with Benjamin Drake), 
 
 Cincinnati, 1827. 
 The Political Grammar of the United 
 
 States .... New York, 1834. 
 Railroad from the Banks of the Ohio River 
 
427 
 
 Margolis, M. L. 
 
 to the Tidewaters of the Carolinas and 
 Georgia, Cincinnati, 1835. 
 
 Eulogy on the Life and Character of Wil- 
 liam Henry Harrison, Cincinnati, 1841. 
 
 The Legal Rights, Liabilities and Duties of 
 Women . . . , Salem, [Mass.], 1845. 
 
 The Life of General Winfteld Scott, New 
 York, 1846. 
 
 The Mexican War: A History . . . , New 
 York, 1850. 
 
 American Education, Its Principles and 
 Elements . . . , New York, 1851. 
 
 Ohio and Mississippi Railroad . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1852. 
 
 On the Railway Connections of Philadel- 
 phia, with the Central West, Letters . . . , 
 New York, 1853. 
 
 Memoirs of the Life and Services of Daniel 
 Drake, M.D. . . . , Cincinnati, 1855. 
 
 Exposition of the Natural Position of Mack- 
 inaw City, and the Climate, Soil, and 
 Commercial Elements of the Surrounding 
 Country, Cincinnati, 1857. 
 
 The Issues and Duties of the Day, Cincin- 
 nati, 1864. 
 
 Articles on the Tariff, Cincinnati, 1865. 
 
 Popular and Authentic Lives of Ulysses S. 
 Grant, and Schuyler Colfax, Cincinnati, 
 1868. 
 A Letter in Regard to Tariff on Iron and 
 Labor, Cincinnati, 1869. 
 
 Personal Memories, Social, Political and 
 Literary with Sketches of Many Noted 
 People, 1803-1843, Cincinnati, 1879. 
 
 MANSFIELD, IRA FRANKLIN (June 27, 
 1842-June 8, 1919), coal operator, was born 
 in Poland, Mahoning County. He graduated 
 from Poland College in 1861, enlisted in 
 the 105th O.V.I., and served throughout 
 the Civil War. In 1865 he bought cannel 
 coal mines in Beaver County, Pa., which he 
 operated thereafter. He wrote several works 
 on the history, the plants, and the insects of 
 Beaver County, e.g., Historical Collections. 
 Little Beaver River Valley , . . , Beaver 
 Falls, Pa., 1911. 
 
 MANSFIELD, JARED (May 23, 1759-Feb. 
 3, 1830), mathematician and surveyor, 
 father of Edward D. Mansfield (q.v.), was 
 born in New Haven, Conn. Thomas Jeffer- 
 son appointed him surveyor of Ohio and the 
 Northwest Territory in 1803. During his 
 service he lived in Marietta, 1803-05, and 
 Cincinnati, 1805-12. He published several 
 scientific articles and Essays, Mathematical 
 and Physical . . . , New Haven, [1802], 
 which has been called the first book of 
 original research in mathematics by a na- 
 tive American. 
 
 MANYPENNY, GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 (Nov. 29, 1808-1893), born in Uniontown, 
 Pa., came to Washington, Guernsey County, 
 in 1826 to edit the Washington Republican, 
 owned by David Robb. He later lived in 
 St. Clairsville and Zanesville. He was Com- 
 missioner of Indian Affairs in Washington, 
 D. C, 1853-57, and he served as General 
 Manager of Public Works in Ohio, 1861- 
 73. He also was chairman of the Sioux 
 Commission in 1876 and the Ute Commis- 
 sion in 1880. 
 Our Indian Wards, Cincinnati, 1880. 
 
 MAPLE, JOSEPH COWGILL (Nov. 18, 
 1833-1917), clergyman, was born in Guern- 
 sey County. He served as a Baptist min- 
 ister in Missouri, Kentucky, and Iowa. He 
 wrote a biography, Life and Writings of 
 Rev. William Pope Yeaman, S.T.D., Co- 
 lumbia, Mo., 1906. 
 
 MARCH, ANNE. Pseud. See Constance F. 
 Woolson. 
 
 MARCUS, JACOB RADER (March 5, 1896- 
 ), rabbi and historian, was born in 
 Connellsville, Pa. He graduated from the 
 University of Cincinnati in 1917 and He- 
 brew Union College in 1920. He also stud- 
 ied in German and American universities. 
 On the faculty of Hebrew Union College 
 since 1920, he has published a number of 
 books on Jewish history, e.g., The Rise and 
 Destinv of the German Jew, Cincinnati, 
 1934. WW 30 
 
 MARFIELD, DWIGHT STEELE (Dec. 11, 
 1868-Nov. 4, 1955), clergyman and law- 
 yer, was born in Circleville, Pickaway 
 County. After graduating from General 
 Theological Seminary, New York City, in 
 1891, he studied at Oxford. He was rector 
 of Episcopal churches in Dayton, 1892-95, 
 and Cincinnati, 1895-98. He then resigned 
 from the ministry to enter Cincinnati Law 
 School, where he was graduated in 1901. 
 He practiced in Cincinnati until 1924, when 
 he moved to New York City. Around 1929 
 he began writing mystery stories, e.g., The 
 Mandarin's Sapphire, New York, 1938. 
 
 MARGOLIS, MAX LEOPOLD (Oct. 15, 
 1866-April 2, 1932), rabbi, born in Rus- 
 sia, came to the United States in 1889 and 
 was on the faculty of Hebrew Union Col- 
 lege, 1892-97 and 1905-07. He was a 
 widely esteemed Biblical scholar and trans- 
 lator; he also published A History of the 
 Jewish People, Philadelphia, 1927. DAB 12 
 
Margolis, S. 
 
 428 
 
 MARGOLIS, SILVIA (Mrs. Oscar) (July 5, 
 1900- ), born in Poland, has lived in 
 Dayton since 1910. She has attended Ohio 
 State University and the University of 
 Dayton. She published collections of poetry 
 in 1958 and 1959. Her first book, accord- 
 ing to the publisher's foreword, consisted of 
 "poems of psychic origin": Letters to Jesus 
 by a Jewess, Dayton, [1925]. 
 
 MARGRAT, MAE E., was born in Henry 
 County. She graduated from Defiance Col- 
 lege. In 1944 her address was Utica. She pub- 
 lished a book of verse: Voices of Yesterday, 
 Mount Vernon, [1941]. 
 
 MARIO, QUEENA (Aug. 21, 1896-May 28, 
 1951), operatic soprano, was born in Akron, 
 Summit County. After her debut with the 
 San Carlo Opera Company in 1918, she sang 
 with various companies and was with the 
 Metropolitan Opera Company, 1922-39. She 
 also taught singing in New York City and 
 in Bethel, Conn. She published several mys- 
 tery novels, e.g., Death Drops Delilah, New 
 York, 1944. WWW 3 
 
 MARK, MARY LOUISE (Jan. 6, 1878- ), 
 sociologist, was born in Scioto County. She 
 graduated from Ohio State University in 
 1903, served on several state and Federal 
 agencies until 1913, and was on the Ohio 
 State faculty from 1914 until she retired in 
 1943. Since her retirement she has lived in 
 Westerville. She has published several soci- 
 ological studies, including Negroes in Colum- 
 bus, Columbus, 1928. WW 30 
 
 MARKHAM, WILLIAM COLFAX (Sept. 10, 
 1868- ), was born in Bolivar, Tuscara- 
 
 was County. He attended Baldwin University, 
 1883-86, and in 1891 graduated from Baker 
 University, Baldwin, Kan. He owned the 
 Baldwin Ledger for a time and later served 
 as executive secretary of the American Asso- 
 ciation of State Highway Officials. He now 
 lives in North Hollywood, Calif. He has pub- 
 lished a book of verse: Along the Highway 
 of Life, Washington, D. C, [1934]. 
 
 3IARLETT, MELBA BALM AT (Sept. 9, 
 1909- ), educator, was born in Alliance, 
 Stark County, but now lives in Berkeley, 
 Mich. She graduated from the University of 
 Michigan in 1929, taught English in Detroit 
 schools, 1930-41, and married Norval Mar- 
 lett in 1937. She has written numerous mys- 
 tery novels, e.g., Death Has a Thousand 
 Doors, New York, 1941. WW AW 1 
 
 MARLETTO, CHARLOTTE LOUISE (Feb. 
 14, 1911- ), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 
 gomery County. She graduated from Steele 
 High School in Dayton, became a registered 
 nurse, graduated from Los Angeles State Col- 
 lege, and is now a clinical psychologist with 
 the American Institute of Family Relations 
 in Los Angeles. Her poems have appeared in 
 various periodicals, and she has published a 
 collection: Jewel of Our Longing, West Los 
 Angeles, [1948]. 
 
 MARQUIS, SAMUEL SIMPSON (June 8, 
 1866-June 21, 1948), clergyman, was born 
 in Sharon, Noble County. After graduating 
 from Allegheny College and Harvard Di- 
 vinity School, he served Episcopal churches 
 in Massachusetts and Michigan, and from 
 1915 to 1921 headed the sociological depart- 
 ment of the Ford Motor Company. He wrote 
 Henry Ford; An Interpretation, Boston, 1923. 
 WWW 2 
 
 MARSH, ROSWELL (1793-Aug. 17, 1875), 
 lawyer, was born in Queechy, Vt. He came to 
 Steubenville in 1821, was admitted to the 
 bar in 1823, and was elected to the legisla- 
 ture in 1840. He was a member of a com- 
 mission to investigate claims for losses sus- 
 tained in Missouri during the Civil War. 
 His death occurred in Steubenville. 
 Biography, the Life of Charles Hammond of 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, Steubenville, [1863]. 
 Important Correspondence . . . , [n.p., 
 
 1865?]. 
 Defence of Edwin M. Stanton, Steubenville, 
 
 1873. 
 
 MARSHALL, CARRINGTON TANNER 
 
 (June 17, 1869-June 28, 1958), lawyer, was 
 born in Zanesville, Muskingum County. He 
 graduated from Cincinnati Law School in 
 1892, practiced in Zanesville, 1892-1920, 
 served as chief justice of the state supreme 
 court, 1921-32, and afterward practiced in 
 Columbus. He published several books, e.g., 
 A History of the Courts and Lawyers of 
 Ohio, 4 vols., New York, 1934. WWW 3 
 
 MARSHALL, ROBERT KOSSUTH (Oct. 
 31, 1901- ), educator, was born in Mt. 
 Airy, N. C. After graduating from Guilford 
 College in 1925, he worked in a bank for 
 four years before becoming a teacher. He 
 has been a member of the English depart- 
 ment, Ohio Wesleyan University, since 1939. 
 He has written at least two novels on the 
 hill country of his native state, e.g., Little 
 Squire Jim, New York, [1949]. 
 
 MARSHALL, THOMAS BRAINARD (Dec. 
 10, 1837-Jan. 28, 1916), was born in Cass- 
 town, Miami County. After graduating from 
 Miami University in 1862, he served in the 
 
429 
 
 Martin, S. M. 
 
 Civil War. He wrote a regimental history: 
 History of the Eighty-third Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry . . . , Cincinnati, 1912. 
 
 MARSTEN, FRANCIS EDWARD (Sept. 12, 
 1855-Aug. 22, 1915), clergyman, was born 
 in Jersey City, N. J. After graduating from 
 Amherst College in 1874 and studying at 
 Andover Theological Seminary, he was or- 
 dained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1878. 
 He was a pastor in Boston, Mass., 1878-82, 
 and Columbus, 1883-98. He afterward was 
 an editor of the New York Evangelist and 
 the Saturday Literary Review. His death oc- 
 curred in Boston, Mass. 
 
 "After Eighty Years" . . . , Columbus, 1886. 
 The Freedom of Christ and Other Lectures, 
 
 Boston, [1891]. 
 Songs of Life, Boston, [1891]. 
 The Mask of Christian Science; A History 
 
 of the Rise and Growth of the System 
 
 . . . , New York, [1909]. 
 
 MARSTON, CLARENCE DEAN (Feb. 26, 
 1881- ), clergyman, born in Bangor, 
 Calif., served Methodist churches in Ohio, 
 was superintendent of the Steubenville Dis- 
 trict, 1930-36, and was head of the Methodist 
 Children's Home, Berea, 1939-52. He now 
 spends his summers in Lakeside and his win- 
 ters in Avon Park, Fla. He has published a 
 devotional book: Life Is for That, Winona 
 Lake, Ind., [1940]. 
 
 MARTIN, CHALMERS (Sept. 7, 1859-Feb. 
 28, 1934), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Ashland, Ky. He graduated from Prince- 
 ton University in 1879 and Princeton Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1882. Ordained to the 
 Presbyterian ministry in 1883, he was a mis- 
 sionary in Siam for three years and served 
 churches in New Jersey and New York. He 
 served on the faculty of the College of Woos- 
 ter, 1903-29. His death occurred in Woos- 
 ter. 
 
 Apostolic and Modern Missions . . . , New 
 York, 1898. 
 
 in 1911 graduated from Scio College. He 
 taught English and history at Mount Union 
 College, 1912-20. He was later with Retail 
 Trade Publications, Lakewood, and still lives 
 in that city. He has published The Tents of 
 Grace, a Tragedy; And Four Short Stories, 
 Cincinnati, [1910]. OBB 
 
 MARTIN, JOHN BARTLOW (Aug. 4, 1915- 
 ), was born in Hamilton, Butler County, 
 the son of an industrial contractor. He at- 
 tended high school in Indianapolis, Ind., and 
 graduated from DePauw University in 1937. 
 After a year on the Indianapolis Times, he 
 moved to Chicago, which is still his home, 
 and began free-lance writing. He has pub- 
 lished provocative articles in national maga- 
 zines, and in recent years has written sig- 
 nificant sociological analyses of crime in 
 America. His first book was a regional study: 
 Call It North Country; The Story of Upper 
 Michigan, New York, 1944. CB 44 
 
 MARTIN, LAWRENCE AUGUSTINE (Jan. 
 14, 1865- ), educator, was born in Fay- 
 ette County. He was an educator in Missouri 
 and wrote both verse and prose for maga- 
 zines and newspapers. For several years he 
 edited the Teachers' Review, published in 
 Chillicothe, Mo. 
 
 Hallowe'en and Other Poems, Chillicothe, 
 
 Mo., [1893]. 
 Huxter Puck, and Other Poems, Chillicothe, 
 
 Mo., 1895. 
 
 MARTIN, RENWICK HARPER (Sept. 14, 
 1872-Oct. 23, 1958), clergyman, was born in 
 Sugartree, Highland County. He graduated 
 from Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pa., in 
 1895 and the Reformed Presbyterian Theo- 
 logical Seminary. Pittsburgh, in 1899. He was 
 pastor in Beaver Falls, 1899-1916, president 
 of Geneva College, 1916-20, and afterward 
 held various administrative offices in the Re- 
 formed Presbyterian Church. He wrote The 
 Day; A Manual on the Christian Sabbath, 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 1933. WW 27 
 
 MARTIN, CHARLES ALFRED (Oct. 4, 
 1874- ), clergyman, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. After graduating 
 from John Carroll University and St. Mary's 
 Seminary, Cleveland, he was ordained to the 
 Roman Catholic priesthood in 1900. He has 
 served churches in Sandusky, Youngstown, 
 and Cleveland. His writings include Catholic 
 Religion . . . , Cleveland, 1910. CWW 8 
 
 MARTIN, HARRY EDWIN (1887- ), 
 educator, was born in Sardis, Monroe County. 
 He attended Gnadenhutton High School and 
 
 MARTIN, SYLVESTER MITCHELL (Aug. 
 16, 1857-Sept. 27, 1937), evangelist, was 
 born in Antioch, Monroe County. He began 
 teaching school when he was fifteen and 
 taught until he was thirty, when he turned to 
 the ministry. After being ordained a minister 
 of the Christian Church in 1885, he began 
 preaching and conducted nearly 300 revivals. 
 His experiences are recounted in Thirty 
 Years on the Firing Line, Shots from the 
 Battery of Truth Which Have Been Some- 
 what Effective against the Entrenchments 
 of Sin . . . , Cincinnati, [1920]. WWW 1 
 
Martin, V. C. W. 
 
 430 
 
 MARTIN, VICTORIA CLAFLIN WOOD- 
 HULL (Sept. 23, 1838-June 9, 1927), was 
 born in Homer, Licking County. Her parents 
 are said to have left Homer under suspicion 
 of arson, and her girlhood was spent in vari- 
 ous Ohio towns. Much of the time the family 
 toured the state giving clairvoyant exhibitions 
 and peddling an elixir of life. In 1853 Vic- 
 toria married Dr. Canning Woodhull, from 
 whom she was divorced in 1864. She may 
 have married Colonel James H. Blood in 
 1866; their union, at any rate, was dissolved 
 ten years later. In the late 1860s she and her 
 sister, Tennessee C. C. Cook (q.v.), attracted 
 the attention of the elder Cornelius Vander- 
 bilt, largely no doubt through their claims to 
 be spiritualistic mediums; and with his back- 
 ing they opened a brokerage house in 1868. 
 In 1870 they founded Woodhull and Claf- 
 lin's Weekly, where they advocated free love 
 and women's rights. Their most notorious 
 action was accusing Henry Ward Beecher 
 (q.v.) of intimacy with Mrs. Tilton; they 
 were tried on charges of obscenity but were 
 acquitted. Victoria in the same year was 
 nominated for the Presidency by the Equal 
 Rights Party. In 1877, soon after the death 
 of Commodore Vanderbilt, the sisters left 
 for England, which was their home there- 
 after. Whether the Vanderbilt family sub- 
 sidized their trip to avoid litigation over the 
 Commodore's will is a matter of dispute. In 
 1883 Victoria married John Biddulph Mar- 
 tin, a wealthy banker. She continued to lec- 
 ture and write on women's rights, but as 
 she grew older she turned her attention from 
 free love to eugenics. Brilliant and energetic, 
 she and her sister may have furthered the 
 cause of women's rights to some extent; 
 moreover, their antics undoubtedly contrib- 
 uted to the gaiety of nations. 
 Origin, Tendencies and Principles of Govern- 
 ment . . . , New York, 1871. 
 A New Constitution for the United States of 
 
 the World Proposed . . . , New York, 
 
 1872. 
 The Argument for Women's Electorial Rights 
 
 . . . , London, 1887. 
 A Fragmentary Record of Public Work Done 
 
 in America, 1871-1877, London, 1887. 
 Stirpiculture; Or, the Scientific Propagation 
 
 of the Human Race, London, 1888. 
 The Alchemy of Maternity, [Cheltenham, 
 
 1889]. 
 The Garden of Eden . . . , London, 1890. 
 The Human Body the Temple of God . . . , 
 
 (with T. C. Cook), London, 1890. 
 Humanitarian Government, London, 1890. 
 The Rapid Multiplication of the Unfit, New 
 
 York, 1891. 
 Paradise Found, London, [18-?]. 
 
 MARTIN, WILLIAM FRANK (Sept. 22, 
 1873- ), clergyman, born in Lane, Kan., 
 has lived in Ohio since 1904. A graduate of 
 Baker University and Boston University, he 
 was a pastor in the Ohio Conference of the 
 Methodist Church and served pastorates in 
 various Ohio towns. Since his retirement he 
 has lived in Lakeside. He has published a 
 play and a collection of verse: Love and Life, 
 and Other Poems, Boston, [1920]. 
 
 MARTIN, WILLIAM T. (April 6, 1788-Feb. 
 19, 1866), was born in Bedford County, Pa., 
 and came to Columbus with his family in 
 1814. He was a carpenter and joiner, a mer- 
 chant, and a teacher. He lived in Montgomery 
 Township, where he held various offices. He 
 was justice of the peace, 1820-48. He wrote 
 "A Brief History of Columbus," which ap- 
 peared in the Columbus Business Directory, 
 1843-44. His history of Franklin County is 
 an interesting and informative work; it con- 
 tains the earliest account of the captivity of 
 Jeremiah Armstrong, who was ransomed 
 after years as a Wyandot captive and be- 
 came a hotel keeper in Columbus. 
 History of Franklin County . . . , Columbus, 
 1858. 
 
 MARTZOLFF, CLEMENT LUTHER (Nov. 
 25. 1869-Aug. 5, 1922), educator, was born 
 in Perry County. He taught history at Ohio 
 University for many years. He published 
 numerous textbooks, a collection of poems by 
 Ohio poets, and several studies of Ohio his- 
 tory, e.g., History of Perry County, Ohio, 
 New Lexington, 1902. OBB 
 
 MASON, BERNARD STERLING (June 2, 
 1896-April 12, 1953), born in Warren, Mich., 
 graduated from the University of Michigan 
 in 1920 and Ohio State University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1931. He was a Boy Scout executive in 
 Toledo, 1920-21, and Columbus, 1921-24, 
 an instructor on the Ohio State University 
 faculty, 1924-33, and after 1933 a free-lance 
 writer living in Cincinnati. He published a 
 number of magazine articles and books on 
 sports, camping, and woodcraft, e.g., Jud 
 Goes Camping, New York, [1941]. WWW 
 3 
 
 MASON, CARL H. (Nov. 11, 1879-March, 
 1960), journalist, was born in Hamilton, But- 
 ler County. He attended Miami University for 
 three years. In 1918 he joined Hearst Maga- 
 zines and served in various administrative and 
 editorial capacities; after retiring, he lived in 
 Ramsey, N. J. He wrote several vaudeville 
 acts and a number of short stories; several 
 plays, some of them adaptations of novels; 
 
431 
 
 Mathews, A. 
 
 and a historical novel about Napoleon: The 
 Clash of Steel, New York, 1901. 
 
 MASON, EDWARD CAMPBELL (Nov. 17, 
 1864-March 31, 1937), lawyer, was born in 
 Ravenna, Portage County. He graduated from 
 Harvard University in 1888 and Harvard 
 Law School in 1892. He practiced in Buffalo, 
 N. Y., and Boston, Mass. His last residence 
 was Winchester, Mass. 
 
 The Veto Power: Its Origin, Development 
 and Function in the Government of the 
 United States . . . , Boston, 1890. 
 
 MASON, FRANK HOLCOMB (April 24, 
 1840-June 21, 1916), journalist and diplo- 
 mat, was born in Niles, Trumbull County. 
 He attended Hiram College but did not grad- 
 uate. He served in the Civil War, first with 
 the 42nd O.V.I, and later with the 12th 
 Cavalry. He was on the staff of the Cleveland 
 Leader until 1880, when he joined the diplo- 
 matic service. He was stationed at various 
 European consulates, 1880-1914. 
 The Twelfth Ohio Cavalry . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 1871. 
 The 42nd Ohio Infantry . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 1876. 
 The Life and Public Services of James A. 
 
 Garfield . . . , London, 1881. 
 
 MASSEE, JASPER CORTENUS (Nov. 22, 
 1871- ), clergyman, was born in Mar- 
 shallville, Ga. Ordained to the Baptist minis- 
 try in 1893, he served churches in Mansfield 
 and Dayton as well as in the South. He now 
 lives in Atlanta, Ga. He has published ser- 
 mons and books on religious themes, e.g., 
 Christ and Human Personality, New York, 
 [1941]. OBB 
 
 MASSIE, DAVID MEADE (Feb. 26, 1859- 
 Sept. 3, 1927), lawyer, was born in Chilli- 
 cothe, Ross County. He graduated from 
 Princeton University in 1880 and Cincinnati 
 Law School in 1882. He practiced law in 
 Chillicothe and was active in banking and 
 public utilities. 
 
 Nathaniel Massie, a Pioneer of Ohio. A 
 Sketch of His Life . . . , Cincinnati, 1896. 
 
 MASTERS, MRS. JACK. See Catherine 
 Young. 
 
 MASTON, DARIUS EARL (Sept. 30, 1875- 
 Oct. 1, 1939), born in Blooming Grove, Co- 
 shocton County. He worked as a ticket agent 
 for the Pennsylvania Railroad until an injury 
 caused his retirement. He contributed verse 
 and stories to various newspapers and maga- 
 zines. A volume of verses recalling his child- 
 
 hood days was published: Old Buckeye Days 
 in Verse, Boston, [1915]. 
 
 MATHER, AMASA STONE (Aug. 20, 1884- 
 Feb. 9, 1920), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County, son of Samuel and Flora Stone 
 Mather. He attended University School, 
 Cleveland, and graduated from Yale Univer- 
 sity in 1907. After his graduation he made a 
 round-the-world trip, which included several 
 months of big game hunting in Africa. On 
 his return he called on President Theodore 
 Roosevelt, who asked his advice on African 
 big game. In 1909 he entered his father's 
 business. At the time of his death he was 
 active in Cleveland commercial and civic 
 activities. His African trip is described in a 
 privately published work: Extracts from the 
 Letters, Diary and Notebooks . . . , 2 vols., 
 Cleveland, 1910. 
 
 MATHER, FREDERICK GREGORY (Aug. 
 11, 1844-Aug. 31, 1925), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. After graduating 
 from Dartmouth College in 1867, he studied 
 law in Cleveland for a time but never prac- 
 ticed. He worked on various newspapers in 
 New York State. At the time of his death he 
 lived in Stamford, Conn. He published The 
 Refugees of 1776 from Long Island to Con- 
 necticut, Albany, N. Y., 1913. WWW 1 
 
 MATHERS, WILLIAM (?-?), was born in 
 Ireland, reared in Baltimore, Md., and came 
 to Ohio just before the organization of the 
 state. In his Recollections, William Cooper 
 Howells (q.v.) recalled him ruefully: "He 
 was ultra democratic in his views, and 
 ascribed all the woes men suffered to aristoc- 
 racy. . . . His notions of society were com- 
 munistic, and he was very severe on corpora- 
 tions and banks. I thought he had money 
 enough to pay for printing his book, which 
 I found to be a mistake when he got it done." 
 The Rise, Progress and Downfall of Aristoc- 
 racy . . . , Wheeling, 1831. 
 
 MATHEWS, ALFRED (Sept. 15, 1852-Oct. 
 15, 1904), journalist and historian, was born 
 in Painesville, Lake County. He worked for 
 a short time for the Painesville Telegraph 
 and then joined the editorial staff of the 
 Cleveland Leader. He was a free-lance writer 
 and contributed many historical articles to 
 the New York Times and other publications. 
 He was associated with several concerns en- 
 gaged in publishing county histories and wrote 
 several himself and edited many others. He 
 moved to Philadelphia in 1883. His last book, 
 Ohio and Her Western Reserve, based on the 
 untenable theory that Ohio was indebted to 
 
Mathews, A. E. 
 
 432 
 
 the Puritans for its moral and material prog- 
 ress, was received with bitter castigation at 
 the hands of competent Ohio critics. His 
 death occurred in Philadelphia. 
 History of Washington County, Ohio, [Cleve- 
 land], 1880. 
 History of Cass County, Michigan . . . , 
 
 Chicago, 1882. 
 Histories of the Counties of Lehigh and Car- 
 bon, in the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
 vania, (with Austin N. Hungerford), 
 Philadelphia, 1884. 
 History of Wayne, Pike and Monroe Coun- 
 ties, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1886. 
 Ohio and Her Western Reserve . . . , New 
 York, 1902. 
 
 MATHEWS, ALFRED E. (June 24, 1831- 
 Oct. 30, 1874), artist, was born in Bristol, 
 England, but his parents came to Ohio 
 when he was two years old. He learned to 
 set type in the office of the Ohio Democrat, 
 published in New Philadelphia, but became 
 a painter rather than a printer. In his mid- 
 twenties, he toured New England, painting 
 outdoor scenes and collecting specimens. 
 When the Civil War broke out, he was 
 teaching school in Tuscaloosa County, Ala., 
 and made his way back to Ohio on foot. 
 He served throughout the war with the 
 31st O.V.I. He became a skillful draftsman 
 and topographer. His Pencil Sketches of 
 Montana, one of the earliest pictorial rec- 
 ords of that region, is one of the most 
 sought-after items of Western Americana 
 today. The last eight years of his life were 
 spent in Colorado. 
 Interesting Narrative; Being a Journal of 
 
 the Flight of Alfred E. Mathews . . . , 
 
 [n.p.], 1861. 
 Pencil Sketches of Colorado . . . , [New 
 
 York], 1866. 
 Pencil Sketches of Montana, New York, 
 
 1868. 
 Gems of Rocky Mountain Scenery . . . , 
 
 New York, 1869. 
 
 MATSON, CLARENCE HENRY (April 6, 
 1872-Oct. 17, 1943), was born in Kirtland, 
 Geauga County. He was a journalist in 
 Salina, Kan., 1891-97, Topeka, 1898-1907, 
 and Los Angeles, 1908-12. He was secre- 
 tary and traffic manager of Los Angeles 
 harbor, 1912-20, and in 1920 he was em- 
 ployed by the Los Angeles Chamber of 
 Commerce to develop foreign trade and 
 shipping. His account of Los Angeles har- 
 bor was published posthumously: Building 
 a World Gateway . . . , Los Angeles, [1945]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 MATSON, HENRY (June 23, 1829-May 21, 
 1901), clergyman, was born in Ellsworth, 
 
 Mahoning County. After graduating from 
 Oberlin Theological Seminary in 1861, he 
 served several churches in Massachusetts 
 and Ohio. He became librarian of Oberlin 
 College in 1874 and served in that capacity 
 until 1887. His death occurred in Oberlin. 
 References for Literary Workers . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1892. 
 Knowledge and Culture, Chicago, [1895]. 
 
 MATSON, NEHEMIAH (July 19, 1816-Oct. 
 3, 1883), was born on a farm near Jacobs- 
 burg, Belmont County. He attended Frank- 
 lin College and in 1836 went to Bureau 
 County, 111., with his parents and was en- 
 gaged in farming. A surveyor and map 
 maker, he produced the first map of Bureau 
 County. He later lived in Princeton, 111., 
 where he was a businessman and a student 
 of local history. He was a diligent writer 
 on historical themes; however, he essayed 
 one novel, Raconter, and a travel book, 
 Beyond the Atlantic, an account of his ob- 
 servations during a visit to Europe in 1868. 
 He left in his will a substantial fund for 
 the establishment of a library at Princeton. 
 Map of Bureau County, Illinois, with 
 Sketches of Its Early Settlement, Chi- 
 cago, 1867. 
 Beyond the Atlantic . . . , Princeton, 1870. 
 French and Indians of Illinois River, Prince- 
 ton, 1870. 
 Reminiscences of Bureau County . . . , 
 
 Princeton, 1872. 
 Memories of Shaubena . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1878. 
 Pioneers of Illinois . . . , Chicago, 1882. 
 Raconter: Four Romantic Stories . . . , 
 Chicago, 1882. 
 
 MATTHEWS, CHARLES GRANT (Sept. 1, 
 1869-Aug. 5, 1925), librarian, was born in 
 Athens County. After graduating from 
 Ohio University in 1893, he spent a year 
 in Vancouver, Wash., as a high school prin- 
 cipal. He joined the Ohio University library 
 staff in 1896, became head librarian in 
 1905, and served in that capacity until his 
 death. His poems appeared in the Atlantic 
 Monthly and other national magazines, and 
 he published a collection: The Ohio Hills 
 . . . , [Boston, 1924]. 
 
 MATTHEWS, ESSIE COLLINS (April 24, 
 1858-March 26, 1932), was born in Barnes- 
 ville, Belmont County, the daughter of 
 Judge J. H. Collins. She married an Epis- 
 copal clergyman and lived in Maitland, 
 Fla., where her death occurred. She was a 
 skilled photographer and used her own 
 photographs to illustrate a series of sketches 
 of Negroes she had known: Aunt Phebe, 
 
433 
 
 Maxwell, S. D. 
 
 Uncle Tom and Others 
 1915. 
 
 , Columbus, 
 
 MATTHEWS, MOTHER EVA LEE (Feb. 
 9, 1862-July 6, 1928), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County, the daughter of Su- 
 preme Court Justice Stanley Matthews 
 (q.v.). In 1891 she went with her brother 
 Paul to work in a Nebraska mission. In 
 1896, having returned to Cincinnati, she 
 and Beatrice Henderson began the Com- 
 munity of the Transfiguration under the 
 auspices of the Episcopal Church, and in 
 1898 they were clothed as novices. The 
 Episcopal convent and school were later 
 moved to Glendale, and she served as 
 mother superior until her death. A collec- 
 tion of her talks to children was published 
 posthumously: Transfigured Tales . . . , 
 Boston, [1930]. WO 2 
 
 MATTHEWS, STANLEY (July 21, 1824- 
 March 22, 1889), Supreme Court justice, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He attended Woodward College, where his 
 father was president, graduated from 
 Kenyon College in 1840, read law in Cin- 
 cinnati, and practiced in Tennessee for two 
 years. After returning to Cincinnati, he 
 filled several posts for brief periods, serving 
 as judge of common pleas court, as a state 
 senator, and as U. S. attorney for the south- 
 ern district. In the Civil War he served in 
 the 23rd O.V.I, and 51st O.V.I, until 1863, 
 when he was elected to the superior court 
 of Cincinnati. In 1877 he was elected to 
 the U. S. Senate to fill the uncompleted 
 term of John Sherman. When President 
 Hayes nominated him for a Supreme Court 
 vacancy, the Senate refused to confirm 
 the appointment; when President Garfield 
 named him to the Court four years later, 
 he was approved by one vote. He served on 
 the Supreme Court from 1881 until his 
 death. Besides the title below, many of his 
 addresses were published as separate pam- 
 phlets. 
 
 Orations before the Army of the Cumber- 
 land, Columbus, 1875. 
 
 MATTHEWS, THOMAS JOHNSTON (Jan. 
 26, 1788-Nov. 10, 1852), educator, father 
 of Stanley Matthews (q.v.), was born in 
 Leesburg, Va.. of a Quaker family. He 
 first came to Cincinnati in 1818, taught 
 mathematics at Transylvania University, 
 1823-32, was president of Woodward Col- 
 lege, Cincinnati, 1832-35, and was an of- 
 ficer of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust 
 Company, 1835-45. His last seven years 
 were spent at Miami University, where he 
 was professor of mathematics and astron- 
 
 omy. His only known publication was a 
 refutation of the theory of John Cleves 
 Symmes (q.v.). 
 
 A Lecture on Symmes' Theory of Con- 
 centric Spheres . . . , Cincinnati, 1824. 
 
 MATTHEWS, THOMAS STANLEY (Jan. 16, 
 1901- ), journalist, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Princeton University in 1922 and New Col- 
 lege, Oxford University, in 1924. He was 
 on the staff of New Republic, 1925-28, and 
 Time, 1928-53. He now lives in England. 
 He has published several books, both fic- 
 tion and nonfiction, since his first novel, 
 which was based on the Snyder-Gray trial: 
 To the Gallows I Must Go, New York, 
 1931. WW 30 
 
 MATTOX, ABSOLOM H. (1843-?), was 
 born in Springfield, Clark County. He served 
 in the 17th O.V.I., 1862-65, and after the 
 war lived in Cincinnati, where he was em- 
 ployed by the Cincinnati Gaslight Com- 
 pany. In 1895 he moved to New York 
 City. Besides writing the book listed below, 
 he compiled The Athens Home Coming 
 Reunion . . . , (1904?). 
 A History of the Cincinnati Society . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1880. 
 
 MAURER, DAVID W. (April 12, 1906- ), 
 educator, was born in Wellston, Jackson 
 County, but grew up in New Philadelphia. 
 A graduate of Ohio State University (A.B., 
 M.A., Ph.D.), he has been for several years 
 a member of the English department, Uni- 
 versity of Louisville. He has made a special 
 study of language, especially the jargon of 
 crime, and has published numerous articles, 
 both technical and popular, and a book: 
 The Big Con; The Story of the Confidence 
 Man and the Confidence Game, Indianap- 
 olis, [1940]. 
 
 MAXWELL, JAMES A. (April 7, 1912- ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He served with the Counter-intelligence 
 Corps in North Africa during World War 
 II and is now a free-lance writer living in 
 Cincinnati. He has published stories and 
 articles in The New Yorker and other na- 
 tional magazines. He has published a col- 
 lection of thirteen stories with their setting 
 in Tripoli: / Never Saw an Arab like Him, 
 Boston, 1948. 
 
 MAXWELL, SIDNEY DENISE (Dec. 23, 
 1831-Nov. 13, 1913), was born in Center- 
 ville, Montgomery County. He read law in 
 Dayton and at the outbreak of the Civil 
 War was a war correspondent for the Cin- 
 
Maxwell, W. 
 
 434 
 
 cinnati Commercial. In 1864 he enlisted in 
 the 131st O.V.I, and rose to the rank of 
 colonel. After the war he engaged in jour- 
 nalism and insurance, and he was superin- 
 tendent of the Cincinnati Chamber of 
 Commerce, 1871-91, in which capacity he 
 was very active in civic affairs. He pub- 
 lished lectures and reports related to Cin- 
 cinnati business and commerce. 
 
 The Suburbs of Cincinnati 
 nati, 1870. 
 
 Cincin- 
 
 MAXWELL, WILLIAM (c.1755-1809), edi- 
 tor of the first book published in the North- 
 west Territory, was born in New York or 
 New Jersey. Details concerning his early 
 life are meager. Sometime between 1788 
 and 1792 he came west, settling first in 
 Lexington, Ky., where he established a 
 printing office. In 1792 he moved to Cin- 
 cinnati and set up his press in a log cabin 
 at the corner of Front and Sycamore 
 Streets. Here with the assistance of his 
 wife, Nancy, on Nov. 9, 1793, he published 
 the first issue of The Centinel of the North- 
 western Territory. In 1796, after being ap- 
 pointed postmaster of Cincinnati, he sold 
 the paper to Edmund Freeman, who re- 
 named it Freeman's Journal and around 
 1800 moved it to Chillicothe. Before sell- 
 ing his press, William Maxwell published 
 the Maxwell Code, a compilation entitled 
 Laws of the Territory of the United States, 
 Northwest of the Ohio. In 1799 he moved 
 to a log cabin on the Little Miami River 
 in Greene County. He served in the First 
 General Assembly of Ohio in 1803 and 
 was both an associate judge and sheriff of 
 Greene County. He was buried on his farm 
 in what is now Beaver Creek Township. 
 
 MAY, MAX BENJAMIN (July 21, 1866-Oct. 
 2, 1929), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After grad- 
 uating from the University of Cincinnati in 
 1888, he studied at Harvard Law School 
 and began practice in Cincinnati in 1890. 
 He served as judge of common pleas court, 
 1913-19. His writings include Isaac Mayer 
 Wise, the Founder of American Judaism 
 . . . , New York, 1916. WWW 1 
 
 MAYER, ALBERT IGNATIUS (1906- ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He graduated from Hughes High School in 
 1924 and the University of Cincinnati, 
 where he played varsity football, in 1928. 
 He was in the insurance business in Cincin- 
 nati in the 1930s and later lived in Florida 
 for some time. He has written several 
 books, e.g., a story of Germany in the 
 tenth century: Defense of the Castle, New 
 York, 1937. 
 
 MAYER, NATHAN (Dec. 25, 1838-July 10, 
 1912), physician, was born in Bavaria. In 
 1849 his parents brought him to Cincin- 
 nati. After graduating from Ohio Medical 
 College, he studied in Paris. In 1861 he 
 returned to the United States and served 
 as a surgeon in the 14th Connecticut Vol- 
 unteers. After the Civil War he practiced 
 in Hartford, Conn., and his death occurred 
 in that city. He wrote a number of poems 
 in addition to the novels below. 
 The Fatal Secret . . . , Cincinnati, 1858. 
 Differences . . . , Cincinnati, 1867. 
 A Point of Honor . . . , Hartford, [1884]. 
 
 MAYO, AMORY DWIGHT (Jan. 31, 1823- 
 April 8, 1907), Unitarian clergyman and 
 educator, born in Warwick, Mass., lived 
 in Ohio for two brief periods: while 
 pastor of Independent Christian Church, 
 Cleveland, 1854-56, and the Church of the 
 Redeemer, Cincinnati, 1863-72. He was 
 deeply interested in public education, es- 
 pecially in the South, and many of his lec- 
 tures on the subject were published. He 
 was a strong advocate of Bible-reading in 
 public schools. His views are expressed in 
 Religion in the Public Schools. Three Lec- 
 tures . . . , Cincinnati, 1869. 
 
 MAYO, CASWELL A. (July 5. 1862-Jan. 13, 
 1928), born in Columbus, Miss., edited the 
 American Druggist and other pharmaceuti- 
 cal publications. From 1920 until his death, 
 he lived in Cincinnati, where he was dean 
 of Queen City College of Pharmacy. He 
 wrote a history of the Lloyd Library: Lloyd 
 Library and Its Makers . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1928. ' 
 
 MAYO-SMITH, RICHMOND (Feb. 9, 1854- 
 Nov. 11, 1901), educator, was born in 
 Troy, Miami County. After attending Day- 
 ton public schools, he graduated from Am- 
 herst College in 1875. He studied for two 
 years in Europe, and in 1877 he joined the 
 faculty of Columbia University, where he 
 taught until his death. 
 The Influence of Immigration on the United 
 
 States of America, Rome, 1888. 
 Emigration and Immigration . . . , New 
 
 York, 1890. 
 Science of Statistics . . . , 2 vols., New 
 
 York, 1895-99. 
 
 MEAD, MRS. DAVID. See Myra W. Kerr. 
 
 MEAD, EDWARD SHERWOOD (Jan. 25, 
 1874-Aug. 21, 1956), educator, was born 
 in Medina, Medina County. He graduated 
 from DePauw University in 1896 and the 
 University of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1899. He 
 
435 
 
 Meeker, E. 
 
 began teaching finance at the Wharton 
 School of Finance and Commerce in 1907. 
 He wrote numerous professional articles, 
 textbooks, and some books on economics 
 for the general reader, e.g., The Careful 
 Investor, Philadelphia, 1914. WW 26 
 
 MEAD, GEORGE HERBERT (Feb. 27, 
 1863-April 26, 1931), educator, born in 
 South Hadley, Mass., was brought to Ober- 
 lin in 1870, when his father was named 
 professor of homiletics at Oberlin Semi- 
 nary. He graduated from Oberlin College 
 in 1883 and later studied at Harvard and 
 in Germany. He taught philosophy at the 
 University of Michigan, 1891-94, and at 
 the University of Chicago, 1894-1931. He 
 both contributed to and borrowed from the 
 instrumentalist philosophy of his colleague 
 at Chicago, John Dewey. Four volumes of 
 his lectures and manuscripts, published post- 
 humously, include The Philosophy of the 
 Present, Chicago, 1932. DAB 21 
 
 MEAD, GEORGE WHITEFIELD (1865- 
 
 Dec. 18, 1946), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Norwalk, Huron County. He 
 graduated from Oberlin College in 1891 
 and was ordained to the Presbyterian min- 
 istry in 1894. He served various pastorates 
 in the East and later was on the faculty 
 of Berea College, Ky., 1917-19, and of 
 Tusculum College, Tenn., 1929-38. He died 
 in Asheville, N. C. 
 Modern Methods in Church Work; The 
 
 Gospel Renaissance, New York, 1897. 
 Modern Methods in Sunday-school Work; 
 The New Evangelism, New York, 1903. 
 The Great Menace: Americanism or Bol- 
 shevism?, New York, 1920. 
 
 MEALAND, RICHARD (c.l905-Feb. 19, 
 1958), was born in Greenfield, Mass. In 
 1914 his parents moved to Toledo, where 
 he attended public schools. He worked as 
 a reporter on the Toledo Blade, the Cleve- 
 land News, and several New York news- 
 papers. He published short stories in var- 
 ious national magazines, was on the edi- 
 torial staff of Pictorial Review, and was 
 story editor for Paramount Pictures, 1939- 
 46, and London representative of Para- 
 mount, 1951-56. He published considerable 
 fiction, including a novel about a literary 
 agent: Let Me Do the Talking, New York, 
 1947. 
 
 MEALS, GERTRUDE WHITTIER (Oct. 23, 
 1873-Aug. 18, 1943), was born in Pitts- 
 burgh, but lived in Cleveland for forty 
 years. As Gertrude Whittier, she published 
 The Good Ship Mayflower, [Cleveland, 
 1933]. 
 
 MEANS, STEWARD (Aug. 4, 1852-March 
 11, 1940), clergyman, was born in Steuben- 
 ville, Jefferson County. He studied at 
 Kenyon College, 1869-72, and Union Theo- 
 logical Seminary, 1872-75. After his ordina- 
 tion as an Episcopal priest in 1876, he 
 served churches in New Jersey, Ohio, New 
 York, and Connecticut. His writings include 
 Saint Paul and the Ante-Nicene Church 
 . . . , London, 1903. WWW 2 
 
 MEARS, ALICE MONKS (Aug. 21, 1911- 
 ), was born in West Chester, Pa. After 
 graduating from Oberlin College in 1934, 
 she lived in Hudson until 1948. Her poems 
 have appeared in many magazines, and she 
 has published a collection: Brief Enterprise, 
 New York, 1945. 
 
 MEARS, DAVID OTIS (Feb. 22, 1842-April 
 29, 1915), clergyman, born in Essex, Mass., 
 lived in Cleveland, 1893-95, while pastor 
 of Calvary Presbyterian Church. He was 
 one of the organizers of the Anti-Saloon 
 League of Ohio and its first president. He 
 published numerous addresses and sermons 
 and several books, e.g., Life of Edward 
 Norris Kirk, D.D., Boston, 1877. 
 
 MEEK, BASIL (April 20, 1829-April 16, 
 1922), lawyer, was born in New Castle, 
 Ind. After reading law, he was admitted to 
 the Indiana bar in 1862. Two years later, 
 he moved to Fremont, where he practiced 
 law and served as clerk of courts. He was 
 postmaster of Fremont, 1886-91. He wrote 
 historical articles for various periodicals 
 and Twentieth Century History of San- 
 dusky County . . . , Chicago, 1909. 
 
 MEEKER, EZRA (Dec. 29, 1830-Dec. 3, 
 1928), was born near Huntsville, Butler 
 County. In 1837 his family moved to In- 
 diana. He was married in 1851, and the 
 following October the young couple set out 
 for Iowa in an ox-drawn wagon. The next 
 spring, with his wife and infant child, he 
 joined a wagon-train for Oregon, and 
 reached Portland on Oct. 1, 1852. After 
 exploring the country north of the Colum- 
 bia, he settled on the site of Puyallup, 
 where he built the first cabin; he remained 
 in this region for over fifty years as a 
 farmer and hop-grower. An enthusiastic stu- 
 dent of the history of the Pacific Northwest, 
 he resolved when he was 75 to devote the 
 rest of his days to the commemorative 
 marking of the Oregon Trail. Starting out 
 Jan. 29, 1906, with an ox-drawn replica of 
 the covered wagon in which he had trav- 
 eled to Oregon, he followed as much of 
 the trail as was still open, identifying land- 
 
Meeker, J. 
 
 436 
 
 marks with painted inscriptions, and urg- 
 ing citizens' of neighboring communities to 
 set up more permanent memorials. In 1910 
 he repeated the performance, and in 1915 
 he covered a considerable part of the trail 
 in an automobile. All of these trips were 
 extended to tours of the East, where his 
 picturesque outfit drew large crowds and 
 resulted in his selling many copies of his 
 books and thousands of souvenirs. He was 
 a prolific writer, and if it be true that his 
 works are poorly organized and he was 
 careless as to dates and incidents, it is 
 equally true that they continue to grow in 
 esteem as indispensable sources on the set- 
 tlement of the Pacific Northwest. His The 
 Ox-Team, or the Old Oregon Trail is an 
 exciting account of what befell him on his 
 long, wild journey with an ox-team — a 
 superb bull-whacker's tale. His Ventures 
 and Adventures was revised and repub- 
 lished in 1916 as The Busy Life of Eighty- 
 Five Years of Ezra Meeker. . . . 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Washington Territory West of the Cascade 
 
 Mountains . . . , Olympia, 1870. 
 Hop Culture in the United States, Puyallup, 
 
 [1883]. 
 Pioneer Reminiscences of Puget Sound . . . , 
 
 Seattle, 1905. 
 The Ox-Team; Or, the Old Oregon Trail, 
 
 1852-1906 . . . , Omaha. [1906]. 
 Ventures and Adventures of Ezra Meeker; 
 Or, Sixty Years of Frontier Life . . . , 
 Seattle, [1908]. 
 Story of the Lost Trail to Oregon, [Seattle, 
 
 1915]. 
 Seventy Years of Progress in Washington, 
 
 Seattle, 1921. 
 Kate Mulhall, a Romance of the Oregon 
 
 Trail, New York, [1926]. 
 Uncle Ezra's Short Stories for Children, 
 
 Tacoma, [n.d.]. 
 Uncle Ezra's Pioneer Short Stories for Chil- 
 dren, to Point a Moral or Teach a Les- 
 son, San Francisco, [n.d.]. 
 
 MEEKER, JOTHAM (Nov. 8, 1804-Jan. 12, 
 1855), missionary and printer, was born in 
 Hamilton County. He learned the printing 
 trade in Cincinnati, but in the summer of 
 1825 he resolved to become a missionary. 
 By the following November, he had joined 
 the mission on the St. Joseph River in 
 Michigan Territory. Here he became a 
 school teacher to the Indians, devoting 
 much of his time to learning their language. 
 At Sault Ste. Marie, in Nov., 1832, he be- 
 gan his experiments in devising for the 
 Indian languages an orthography which 
 might be written or printed with the or- 
 dinary characters of our alphabet. In Oc- 
 
 tober of 1833, he was transferred to the 
 Shawnee Mission near the present Kansas 
 City, Kan., where he put his new system 
 to the test. The following March he did 
 the first printing in what is now Kansas 
 when he produced a leaflet containing the 
 text of a hymn in Shawnee. In all he 
 printed some 65 works in English and in 
 ten Indian languages, including a Shawnee 
 newspaper, using his orthographic system. 
 He published hymnbooks and translations 
 of the Bible. In 1837 he moved to a mis- 
 sion of his own among the Ottawa near the 
 present city of Ottawa, Kan. There he de- 
 voted the rest of his life to the temporal 
 and spiritual welfare of his Indians. 
 
 MEEKER, NATHAN COOK (July 12, 1817- 
 Sept. 29, 1879), was born in Euclid, Cuya- 
 hoga County. In 1835 a pedestrian journey 
 took him to New Orleans, where he found 
 employment on a local newspaper. Return- 
 ing to Ohio after two years, he entered 
 Oberlin College, from which he graduated 
 in 1840. Shortly after graduation he vis- 
 ited relatives at his ancestral home in New- 
 ark, N. J., and remained to teach school in 
 nearby Orange and in eastern Pennsylva- 
 nia. It was during this sojourn that he met 
 N. P. Willis, who accepted several of his 
 poems and articles for the New York Eve- 
 ning Post; Meeker soon became a frequent 
 contributor of special articles to various 
 New York newspapers. He returned to 
 Euclid in 1844. It was the heyday of re- 
 ligious and social cultism. Emerson wrote 
 Carlyle: "We are all a little wild here with 
 numberless projects of social reform; not a 
 reading man but has a draft of a new 
 community in his waistcoat pocket." 
 Meeker returned home to find Fourier's 
 teachings quite the vogue among Ohio in- 
 tellectuals, with phalansteries springing up 
 all over the state. In 1846 he joined the 
 Trumbull Phalanx, located in Trumbull 
 County. Irresponsible leadership was the 
 most potent cause of the failure of the 
 Fourieristic communities. Writing from in- 
 timate experience with such leaders, Horace 
 Greeley said: "They are sure to jump into 
 any new movement as if they had been 
 born expressly to superintend and direct 
 it, though they are morally certain to ruin 
 whatever they lay their hands on." The 
 Trumbull Phalanx was no exception. The 
 first error of its leaders was a fatal one. 
 They had located their community in 
 ague-ridden bottom lands. An abandoned 
 flourmill was renovated, and a tannery and 
 wooden-bowl factory were built, but before 
 these factories had gotten into production 
 the community began to disintegrate be- 
 
437 
 
 Meigs, R. J. 
 
 cause of its unhealthful location. Though he 
 emerged nearly destitute, it was to prove an 
 invaluable experience for young Meeker. In 
 company with his brothers he opened a 
 store in Euclid which seems to have been 
 fairly prosperous. But in 1850 the Camp- 
 bellites built a college at Hiram — then a 
 crossroads so remote that the carpenters 
 had to travel eight miles to get a pound of 
 nails — and Meeker accepted the invitation 
 of the college authorities to open a store 
 there. In 1851 his first book appeared: The 
 Adventures of Captain Armstrong, a tale 
 concerned with the establishment of a 
 communistic Utopia by castaways upon a 
 South Pacific Island. At Euclid and then 
 at Hiram, he continued to contribute ar- 
 ticles to New York newspapers, many of 
 them dealing with agricultural subjects. 
 Nearly ruined by the financial panic of 
 1857, Meeker moved to Union County, 111. 
 It was a most logical move for a man of 
 his inclinations, seeking to recoup his for- 
 tunes, for Union County was showing great 
 promise of a wonderful horticultural de- 
 velopment. He opened a store near Don- 
 gola and wrote articles for the Cleveland 
 Plain Dealer and the New York Tribune. 
 Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil War, 
 an article he had written on Southern po- 
 litical leaders caught the eye of Horace 
 Greeley, and Meeker was employed on the 
 staff of the Tribune. During the war he 
 was assigned to General Grant's headquar- 
 ters as war correspondent. Solon Robinson, 
 nationally known agricultural editor of the 
 Tribune, was generally credited with being 
 responsible for the broad circulation and 
 national influence of the weekly edition. 
 When Robinson retired in 1868, Meeker 
 took over his editorial chair. His articles 
 were well received and soon he was known 
 across the country. In 1869 he toured the 
 West, and out of this trip grew his plan to 
 organize an agricultural colony there. With 
 the support of Horace Greeley and the 
 Tribune, his settlement got under way in 
 December of 1869. His lessons had been 
 learned by bitter experience. This time the 
 community would not be located in mi- 
 asmic swamps, private ownership of prop- 
 erty would be recognized and private enter- 
 prise encouraged, cooperative principles 
 would be applied in general, leaving the de- 
 tails to be worked out by the members. 
 Upon these solid foundation stones, Gree- 
 ley, Colo., was built. In 1878 William Al- 
 fred Hinds reported: "Today this village 
 and community are the most prosperous in 
 Colorado. Here 4,000 people have found 
 happy homes." The sorry plight of the 
 White River Utes in western Colorado had 
 
 captured Meeker's interest and aroused his 
 sympathy, with the result that he had ar- 
 rived at some original ideas as to the proper 
 management of Indians on reservations. In 
 1878 he became Indian agent at the White 
 River reservation and promptly tried to sell 
 his plans to the Utes. So repugnant to them 
 was the suggestion that they support them- 
 selves by laboring in their fields that, on 
 Sept. 29, 1879, they rose and massacred 
 Meeker and all of the white male em- 
 ployees of the agency. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 
 The Adventures of Captain Armstrong, 
 New York, 1851. 
 
 Life in the West; Or, Stories of the Missis- 
 sippi Valley, New York, 1868. 
 
 MEES, ARTHUR (Feb. 13, 1850-April 26, 
 1923), composer, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. He was organist for the 
 first Cincinnati May Festival in 1873 and in 
 later years was chorusmaster and organist. 
 He taught music, conducted choral and or- 
 chestral groups in various cities, and pub- 
 lished a piano textbook and Choirs and 
 Choral Music, New York, 1901. OCM 
 
 MEES, THEOPHILUS MARTIN KONRAD 
 
 (July 13, 1848-July 25, 1923), clergyman 
 and educator, father of Arthur Mees (q.v.), 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County. 
 After graduating from St. Louis Theolog- 
 ical Seminary in 1872 and studying two 
 years in Germany, he was ordained to the 
 Lutheran ministry. He taught at Capital 
 University, was president of Teachers' Sem- 
 inary, Woodville, 1888-1903, and rejoined 
 the Capital faculty in 1903. He was editor 
 of the Journal of Pedagogy and of the 
 Theological Magazine. 
 
 Dogmengeschichtlicher Beitrag zur Ent- 
 wickelung der Lehre von der Gnaden- 
 wahl Innerhalb der Lutherischen Kirche 
 von 1522 bis 1580, Columbus, [1892?]. 
 
 MEIGS, RETURN JONATHAN (Dec. 17, 
 1740-Jan. 28, 1823), born in Middletown, 
 Conn., served as a major in Arnold's ex- 
 pedition against Quebec. His diary kept 
 during the expedition was first published in 
 the American Remembrancer in 1776, was 
 republished in Massachusetts Historical Col- 
 lections in 1814, and was privately pub- 
 lished in the edition listed below. Appointed 
 one of the surveyors for the Ohio Com- 
 pany, Meigs landed at the mouth of the 
 Muskingum. A code of rules drawn up by 
 him was adopted by the colonists. He fre- 
 quently served as a mediator with the In- 
 
Meigs, R. J. 
 
 438 
 
 dians and died while negotiating between 
 Tennessee and the Cherokee nation. 
 Journal of the Expedition against Quebec 
 . . . , New York, 1864. 
 
 MEIGS, RETURN JONATHAN (Nov. 17, 
 1764-March 29, 1824), son of the elder 
 Return J. Meigs (q.v.), was born in Mid- 
 dletown, Conn. After graduating from 
 Yale in 1785, he read law, and in 1788 he 
 came to Marietta with the Ohio Company. 
 He was appointed judge in 1798 and, when 
 Ohio was admitted to the Union, he was 
 made chief justice of the state supreme 
 court. He also served in the U. S. Senate, 
 1808-10, and as governor, 1810-14. He re- 
 signed as governor to accept an appoint- 
 ment as postmaster general. After resigning 
 in June, 1823, he lived in Marietta until 
 his death the following year. The title be- 
 low, which was written to encourage emi- 
 gration, is attributed by some authorities, 
 including Peter G. Thomson, to Nahum 
 Ward (q.v.), but the preponderance of evi- 
 dence favors Meigs's authorship. 
 A Brief Sketch of the State of Ohio . . . , 
 Glasgow, 1822. 
 
 MELHORN, NATHAN RAYMOND (Dec. 23, 
 1871-Feb. 18, 1952), clergyman, was born 
 in Ada, Hardin County. He studied at Ohio 
 Northern University and taught school in 
 Ohio for two years before entering Luther- 
 an Theological Seminary, Philadelphia. 
 Ordained to the Lutheran ministry in 1897, 
 he served churches in eastern Pennsylvania 
 until 1922. He was managing editor of The 
 Lutheran, 1920-28, and was editor, 1928- 
 45. He wrote widely for religious periodi- 
 cals and under the pen name Raymond 
 Etan published The Diary of a Deacon, 
 Philadelphia, [1925]. 
 
 MELINE, JAMES FLORANT (1813-Aug. 
 14, 1873), was born in the fort at Sackett's 
 Harbor, N. Y., the son of a French officer 
 in the U. S. Army. He graduated from St. 
 Mary's College, Emmittsburg, Md. After 
 coming to Cincinnati in 1832, he taught in 
 St. Xavier's College, served as assistant edi- 
 tor of the Catholic Telegraph, and studied 
 law in the office of William Greene (q.v.). 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1835 and 
 left at once for France, where he lived for 
 several years and mastered the French, 
 German, Italian, and Spanish languages. In 
 1838 he returned to Cincinnati, where he 
 practiced law and for several years was a 
 banker. He was the French consul in that 
 city for a short time before the Civil War. 
 During the war he served on the staff of 
 General John Pope. Subsequently, he was 
 
 chief of the bureau of civil affairs in the 
 3rd Military District with headquarters in 
 Georgia, where he also served as corre- 
 spondent of the New York Tribune. His 
 later years were devoted to literature. He 
 was a frequent contributor to the Cincin- 
 nati Commercial, the Nation, the Catholic 
 World, and many other newspapers and 
 magazines. His most distinguished work was 
 his brilliant and learned dissection of 
 Froude's literary method: Mary, Queen of 
 Scots, and Her Latest English Historian. 
 He died in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Two Thousand Miles on Horseback . . . , 
 
 New York, 1867. 
 Commercial Travelling, Cambridge, Mass., 
 
 1869. 
 Life of Sextus the Fifth, New York, 1871. 
 Mary, Queen of Scots, and Her Latest 
 
 English Historian . . . , New York, 1872. 
 
 MELISH, JOHN HOWARD (Oct. 12, 1874- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Milford, 
 Clermont County. He studied at the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati, 1892-95, and gradu- 
 ated from Harvard University in 1896 and 
 Episcopal Theological Seminary, Cam- 
 bridge, in 1898. Ordained an Episcopal 
 priest, he was assistant pastor of Christ 
 Church, Cincinnati, 1900-04, and rector of 
 Holy Trinity Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 1904-49. He was removed from the latter 
 post for refusing to oppose his son's al- 
 leged radical activities. His writings include 
 a biography: Franklin Spencer Spalding, 
 Man and Bishop, New York, 1917. WW 27 
 
 MELLON, EVELYN EMIG (May 29, 1895- 
 ), was born in Washington, D. C. A 
 graduate of George Washington University, 
 she worked on Vanity Fair and the Ameri- 
 can Weekly. Since her marriage in 1927 to 
 DeForest Mellon, a Cleveland attorney, 
 she has lived in Cleveland. She has pub- 
 lished numerous articles on child develop- 
 ment in parents' magazines, written a num- 
 ber of plays, some of which have been 
 published separately, and has also published 
 Two Prize Plays and Four Others . . . , 
 Boston, [1929]. 
 
 MELOY, WILLIAM T. (Oct. 4, 1838-Feb. 
 20, 1904), clergyman, was born in Taylors- 
 town, Pa. After being ordained to the Pres- 
 byterian ministry in 1864, he came to Cadiz, 
 where he served as a pastor until 1886, 
 when he moved to Chicago. The setting of 
 his novel Lucille Vernon is the town of 
 Cadiz. 
 
 Lucille Vernon; Or, the Church at Lansing- 
 ton, Pittsburgh, 1881. 
 Wanderings in Europe, Chicago, 1892. 
 
439 
 
 Merrick 
 
 MENDENHALL, GEORGE (May 5, 1814- 
 June 4, 1874), physician, born in Sharon, 
 Pa., first studied medicine in Salem, Co- 
 lumbiana County. After graduating from 
 the University of Pennsylvania in 1835, he 
 settled in Cleveland, and in 1844 he moved 
 to Cincinnati. He was one of the organizers 
 of Miami Medical College in 1852 and 
 served on its faculty. In 1870 he was presi- 
 dent of the American Medical Association. 
 The Medical Student's Vade Mecum, Phila- 
 delphia, 1852. 
 
 MENDENHALL, JAMES WILLIAM (Nov. 
 1, 1844-June 18, 1892), clergyman, was 
 born in Ohio. After graduating from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University, he became a Method- 
 ist minister. He also served as editor of 
 the Methodist Review. His death occurred 
 in Colorado Springs, Colo. 
 Echoes from Palestine, Cincinnati, 1883. 
 Plato and Paul . . . , Cincinnati, 1886. 
 
 MENDENHALL, THOMAS CORWIN (Oct. 
 
 4, 1841-March 22, 1924), educator, was 
 born near Hanoverton, Columbiana County. 
 After attending district schools and South- 
 west Normal School, Lebanon, he taught 
 in several high schools. In physics and 
 mathematics, his lifelong specialties, he was 
 largely self-educated. He was named the 
 first professor of physics and mechanics at 
 Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College 
 (Ohio State University), and served at that 
 post 1873-78 and 1881-84; he taught in the 
 intervening three years at Imperial Univer- 
 sity, Tokyo, Japan. He afterward was pres- 
 ident of Rose Polytechnic Institute, Terre 
 Haute, Ind., 1886-89, superintendent of the 
 U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1889- 
 94, and president of Worcester Polytechnic 
 Institute, Worcester, Mass., 1894-1901. He 
 lived in Europe, 1901-12, and then made 
 his residence in Ravenna, Portage County, 
 until his death. Besides the book listed be- 
 low, he edited three volumes of the History 
 of the Ohio State University (1920-26) 
 and published a great many scientific pa- 
 pers and addresses. 
 A Century of Electricity, Boston, 1887. 
 
 MENKE, FRANK GRANT (Oct. 10, 1885- 
 May 13, 1954), sports writer, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. A resident 
 of Fairfield, Conn., he wrote for Collier's 
 and other periodicals; edited The Encyclo- 
 pedia of Sports (1944); assisted in the 
 writing of several athletes' autobiographies; 
 and wrote popular books on various sports, 
 e.g., The Story of Churchill Downs and the 
 Kentucky Derby, [New York], 1940. 
 
 MENTOR. Pseud. See Nathan D. Urner. 
 
 MERCER, JAMES KAZERTA (April 1, 
 1850- ? ), journalist, was born in Bainbridge, 
 Ross County, and attended the schools of 
 that community. He spent sixteen years in 
 newspaper work on the Pacific coast, worked 
 in the document room of the U. S. Senate, 
 and settled in Columbus in 1884. 
 Representative Men of Ohio 1896-97, (with 
 C. N. Vallandigham), Columbus, 1896. 
 Representative Men of Ohio, 1904-1908 
 
 . . . , Columbus, [1908]. 
 Ohio Legislative History . . . , 6 vols., Co- 
 lumbus, 1914-26. 
 
 MERCER, LEWIS PYLE (June 27, 1847- 
 July 6, 1906), educator and clergyman, 
 born in Chester County, Pa., came to East 
 Rockport in 1868 to teach school. While 
 there he began preaching in the Sweden- 
 borgian church. After successful pastorates 
 in Detroit and Chicago, he returned to 
 Ohio in 1901 as a pastor in Cincinnati; a 
 year before his death, he was chosen presi- 
 dent of Urbana University. He published 
 numerous sermons, addresses, and books on 
 Swedenborgian doctrine, e.g., Swedenborg's 
 Doctrine of Correspondence . . . , Chicago, 
 1889. 
 
 MEREDITH, L. P. (March 18, 1841- ? ), den- 
 tist, was born in Xenia, Greene County. He 
 learned dentistry from his father and prac- 
 ticed in Cincinnati. He also studied medi- 
 cine and graduated from Ohio Medical Col- 
 lege in 1871. He published lectures and 
 pamphlets on dentistry as well as the vol- 
 umes listed. 
 
 The Teeth and How to Save Them, Phila- 
 delphia, 1871. 
 Every-day Errors of Speech, Philadelphia, 
 1882. 
 
 MERRICK, FREDERICK (Jan. 29, 1810- 
 March 5, 1894), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Wilbraham, Mass. Converted 
 to Methodism in 1829, he resolved to be- 
 come a minister and studied at Wesleyan 
 University, Middletown, Conn. He was 
 principal of Amenia Seminary, N. Y., 1834- 
 38, and was then elected professor of nat- 
 ural science at Ohio University. He joined 
 the Ohio Conference on trial in 1841 and 
 was ordained an elder in 1843. Ohio Meth- 
 odists were planning to found a college at 
 Delaware, and as one of the financial 
 agents Merrick did much to establish the 
 school. In 1845, the year after it opened, 
 he joined the faculty, where he served for 
 the remainder of his life. He was president 
 of the school, 1860-73. His only published 
 
Merrill, C. 
 
 440 
 
 book was a series of lectures. He died at 
 Delaware,- venerated as one of the found- 
 ers of Ohio Wesleyan University. 
 Formalism in Religion, Cincinnati, 1865. 
 
 MERRILL, CATHARINE (Jan. 24, 1824- 
 May 30, 1900), educator, was born in 
 Corydon, Ind., and spent most of her life 
 in that state, but in the late 1850s she taught 
 in a Cleveland girls' school for a time. A 
 posthumous collection of her writings was 
 published: The Man Shakespeare, and Other 
 Essays, Indianapolis, [1902]. IATB 
 
 MERRILL, STEPHEN MASON (Sept. 16, 
 1825-Nov. 12, 1905), clergyman, was born 
 near Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson County, and 
 was reared in Clermont County. He became 
 a Methodist minister in the Ohio Confer- 
 ence in 1846. He was editor of the Western 
 Christian Advocate, 1868-72, and was con- 
 secrated a bishop of the Methodist Church 
 in 1872. He was an outstanding authority 
 on ecclesiastical law. His death occurred in 
 Keyport, N. J. 
 Christian Baptism; Its Subjects and Mode, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1876. 
 The New Testament Idea of Hell, New 
 
 York, 1878. 
 Second Coming of Christ Considered . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1879. 
 Doctrinal Aspects of Christian Experience, 
 
 Cincinnati, [1882]. 
 A Digest of Methodist Law . . . , New 
 
 York [1885]. 
 Outline Thoughts on Prohibition . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1886. 
 Sunday Paper, (with Theodore E. Schmauk), 
 
 New York, 1889. 
 Organic Union of American Methodism, 
 
 [Cincinnati], 1892. 
 Mary of Nazareth and Her Family . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1895. 
 Crisis of This World . . . , Cincinnati, 1896. 
 Atonement; A Brief Study, New York, 
 
 [1901]. 
 Sanctiftcation: Right Views and Other 
 
 Views, New York, [1901]. 
 Discourses on Miracles, New York, [1902]. 
 
 MERSHON, RALPH SMITH (Feb. 13, 1830- 
 March 26, 1914), jeweler, was born near 
 Trenton, N. J. He came to Zanesville in 
 1850 and spent the remainder of his life 
 in that city. Owner of a jewelry store, he 
 also invented a regulator for watches and 
 various other mechanical devices. Most of 
 his poems, which were privately published 
 in 1911, were memorials of local events. 
 Saul of Tarsus: A Dramatic Poem, [Zanes- 
 ville, 1889]. 
 Poems, Zanesville, 1911. 
 
 MERTON, HOLMES WHITTIER (April 5, 
 1860-Jan. 18, 1948), lecturer and educator, 
 was born in Lebanon, Warren County. 
 After being educated by private tutors, he 
 became a lecturer in 1880 and delivered 
 many lectures on the "mental and physical 
 life of man." He also served on the faculty 
 of Pace Institute. He died in Stamford, 
 Conn. His Heliocentric Astrology was pub- 
 lished under the pen name Yarmo Vedra. 
 Descriptive Mentality, Boston, [1893]. 
 Life and Healing, Boston, 1894. 
 Heliocentric Astrology; Or, Essentials of 
 
 Astronomy and Solar Mentality . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, [1899]. 
 Social Harmonism; Human Rights under 
 
 Functional Government, New York, 
 
 [1914]. 
 How to Choose the Right Vocation . . . , 
 
 New York, 1917. 
 
 MERZ, CHARLES (Feb. 23, 1893- ), 
 journalist, was born in Sandusky, Erie 
 County, the son of Charles Hope Merz 
 (q.v.). After graduating from Yale Univer- 
 sity in 1915, he joined the staff of Harper's 
 Weekly. He served in the army during 
 World War I, and afterward worked on the 
 New York World until 1931. He then 
 shifted to the New York Times, becoming 
 its editor-in-chief in 1938. He has published 
 several books, e.g., The Dry Decade, New 
 York, 1931. WW 30 
 
 MERZ. CHARLES HOPE (Nov. 7, 1861- 
 Oct. 14, 1947), physician, was born in Ox- 
 ford, Butler County, the son of Karl Merz 
 (q.v.). After graduating from Western Re- 
 serve College of Medicine in 1885, he 
 began practicing in Sandusky. He was a 
 prolific writer on the subject of Masonry, 
 edited a number of Masonic magazines, 
 and wrote "The House of Solomon" of 
 Francis Bacon . . . , Sandusky, 1916. 
 
 MERZ, KARL (Sept. 19, 1836-Jan. 30, 1890), 
 musician and educator, was born in Bens- 
 heim, Hesse, the son of an accomplished 
 musician whose training enabled Karl to 
 become a church organist at the age of 
 eleven. After teaching school for several 
 years, he came to America in 1854 and 
 taught music in various schools for girls 
 until 1861, when he joined the faculty of 
 Oxford Female College. He remained in 
 Oxford until 1882, when he became director 
 of the department of music and arts at 
 University of Wooster. He was a regular con- 
 tributor to Brainard's Musical World, pub- 
 lished in Cleveland, and became editor of 
 that publication in 1873. The magazine en- 
 joyed a national circulation, and Merz's 
 
441 
 
 Miesse 
 
 writings were widely read by musicians. 
 Many of these articles, along with other 
 essays and lectures, were collected by his 
 son, Charles Hope Merz (q.v.), and pub- 
 lished posthumously in a volume entitled 
 Music and Culture. Among other works 
 were several instruction books and a well 
 known textbook: The Elements of Harmony 
 and Musical Composition (1881). He died 
 in Wooster. 
 Musical Hints for the Million, Cleveland, 
 
 1875. 
 Music and Culture, Cleveland, 1890. 
 
 METZ, WALTER C. (Feb. 1, 1879-June 18, 
 1936), banker, was born in Newark, Lick- 
 ing County. After graduating from Ohio 
 State University in 1906, he went to work 
 for the Newark Trust Company and became 
 president of that bank in 1916. Besides the 
 title below, he wrote a number of articles 
 for magazines. 
 
 Prehistoric Remains in Licking County, 
 Newark, [1899?]. 
 
 MEYER, FULGENCE (May 30, 1876-Nov. 
 14, 1938), Catholic priest, born in Remich, 
 Luxemburg, lived for 29 years in Cincin- 
 nati, where he was rector of St. Francis 
 Preparatory School. He published numerous 
 sermons and devotional books, e.g., Back 
 to God . . . , Cincinnati, 1928. 
 
 MEYER, HUGO RICHARD (April 1, 1866- 
 June 15, 1923), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Harvard University in 1892. He lived for a 
 number of years in Australia, and his death 
 occurred in Melbourne. He published sev- 
 eral studies of state and municipal owner- 
 ship, e.g., The British State Telegraphs . . . , 
 New York, 1907. WW 11 
 
 MICHAEL, RERTHA INWOOD (Dec. 16, 
 1876- ) was born in Van Wert County. 
 After teaching in district schools, she mar- 
 ried O. A. Michael, a farmer. She lived in 
 Scott for a number of years and is now a 
 resident of Bryan. She has published Home 
 Poems and Summer Memories, Boston, 
 [1923]. 
 
 MICHAEL, WILLIAM HENRY (July 14, 
 1845-May 16, 1916), journalist and diplo- 
 mat, was born in Marysville, Union 
 County. He served with Iowa troops in the 
 Civil War until he was wounded at Shiloh, 
 after which he joined the navy. His varied 
 career included newspaper work in Iowa 
 and Nebraska, the practice of law, a head 
 clerkship in the Department of State, and 
 a post as U. S. consul general in Calcutta. 
 
 Better Dead Than Houseless, Tariff in 
 
 Story, Philadelphia, 1888. 
 History of the Department of State . . . , 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1901. 
 The Declaration of Independence . . . , 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1904. 
 
 MICHELFELDER, SYLVESTER CLAR- 
 ENCE (Oct. 27, 1889-Sept. 30, 1951), 
 clergyman, was born in New Washington, 
 Crawford County. After graduating from 
 Capital Seminary in 1914, he was pastor 
 of Lutheran churches in Willard. 1914-21, 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 1921-31, and Toledo, 
 1931-45. At the time of his death he was 
 executive secretary of the Lutheran World 
 Federation, Geneva, Switzerland. He pub- 
 lished a book on marriage: So You Are 
 Thinking!, Columbus, [1946]. WWW 3 
 
 MICHIE, PETER SMITH (March 24, 1839- 
 Feb. 16, 1901), army officer, born in 
 County Forfar, Scotland, grew up in Cin- 
 cinnati, where his family settled in 1843. 
 An 1863 graduate of U. S. Military Academy, 
 he served brilliantly with the engineers 
 during the last years of the Civil War and 
 received the brevet rank of brigadier gen- 
 eral. From 1867 until his death, he was 
 on the faculty of the U. S. Military Acad- 
 emy. Besides the two works listed below, he 
 wrote a number of technical works on 
 military and scientific subjects, several of 
 them intended for use as textbooks at West 
 Point. 
 The Life and Letters of Emory Upton . . . , 
 
 New York, 1885. 
 General McCIellan, New York, 1901. 
 
 MIDDLING, THEOPHILUS. Pseud. See 
 Dtnton J. Snider. 
 
 MIELZINER, MOSES (Aug. 12, 1828-Feb. 
 18, 1903), rabbi, born and educated in 
 Prussia, came to America in 1865 and to 
 Cincinnati in 1879. He was on the faculty 
 of Hebrew Union College, 1879-1903. 
 After the death of Isaac M. Wise (q.v.) in 
 1900, he served as president of Hebrew 
 Union College until his death. Besides the 
 works below, he published numerous ar- 
 ticles on the Jewish religion and a number 
 of sermons and addresses. 
 The Jewish Law of Marriage and Divorce 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1884. 
 Introduction to the Talmud . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1894. 
 
 MIESSE, JONATHAN (Feb. 15, 1817-1885), 
 physician, was born in Reading, Pa. He 
 began to practice medicine in Chillicothe 
 
Miles 
 
 442 
 
 in 1838 and practiced there for the re- 
 mainder of his life. 
 
 A Journey to Egypt and Palestine, in the 
 Year 1855, Chillicothe, 1859. 
 
 MILES, ROBERT PARKER HARRISON 
 
 (July 11, 1866-Dec. 28, 1940), was born 
 in Burnley, Lancashire, England, but made 
 his home in Lakewood during his later 
 years. An ordained Presbyterian minister, 
 he held pastorates in New Jersey and New 
 York, but was more active as a journalist 
 and lecturer. He published Three Men and 
 a Woman. A Story of Life in New York, 
 New York, 1901. WWW 1 
 
 MILEY, JOHN (1813-1895), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Ohio. He was or- 
 dained to the Methodist ministry and after 
 serving a number of churches became pro- 
 fessor of systematic theology at Drew 
 Seminary in 1873. 
 Treatise on Class Meetings, Cincinnati, 
 
 1851. 
 The Atonement in Christ . . . , New York, 
 
 1879. 
 Systematic Theology . . . , 2 vols., New 
 
 York, 1892-94. 
 
 MILLER, ADAM (1810-July 29, 1901), 
 clergyman and physician, was born in 
 Maryland, but when he was four his par- 
 ents, who were Mennonites, brought him 
 to western Ohio. Converted to Methodism, 
 he went to Knox County in 1830 and was 
 licensed to preach. He was a circuit rider 
 in Virginia, Indiana, and Ohio. In 1834 he 
 met Wilhelm Nast (q.v.), who was to be- 
 come the founder of German Methodism. 
 Miller's advice was one of the influences that 
 led Nast to become a Methodist preacher. 
 After preaching in Cincinnati, Lebanon, 
 and elsewhere, his health broke and he stud- 
 ied medicine. He became a homeopathic 
 physician in Chicago, the city where he died 
 at the age of 92. Besides the titles below, 
 he published a speller and other textbooks. 
 Origin and Progress of the German Mis- 
 sions in the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1843. 
 Letters on Homeopathy, Cincinnati, 1849. 
 Experience of German Methodist Preachers, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1859. 
 
 Plain Talk to the Sick . . . , Chicago, 1879. 
 
 A New System of Muscular Flexion and 
 
 Hygienic Treatment . . . , Chicago, 1890. 
 
 The Hammer and the Nail . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1893. 
 Mind, Matter and Motion . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1896. 
 Footprints through Nature to the Super- 
 natural, Chicago, 1899. 
 
 MILLER, CHARLES CHRISTIAN (Nov. 26, 
 1856-May 31, 1927), educator, was born 
 in Baltimore, Fairfield County. He began 
 teaching in rural schools at the age of six- 
 teen and in 1883 graduated from Ohio 
 State University. He served as teacher and 
 as superintendent in a number of Ohio 
 schools, held several posts in the Ohio 
 State Department of Education, and was 
 president of Lima College, 1905-08. He 
 edited the historical portions of two county 
 histories: History of Allen County . . . , 
 Chicago, 1906, and History of Fairfield 
 County . . . , Chicago, [1912]. OBB 
 
 MILLER, CHARLES GRANT (1866-Oct. 13, 
 1928), journalist, was born in Salem Town- 
 ship, Champaign County. He was for some 
 time secretary to Donn Piatt (q.v.) and was 
 also correspondent for the Cleveland 
 Leader, the Christian Science Monitor, and 
 other papers. Much of the memoir of Piatt 
 was prepared by Ella Kirby Piatt (q.v.), 
 but the book was published under Miller's 
 name. The second work below, which 
 argues that pro-British propaganda has 
 falsified American history, was republished 
 in 1928 as The Poisoned Loving Cup. 
 Donn Piatt: His Work and His Ways, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1893. 
 Treason to American Tradition . . . , [n.p., 
 1921?]. 
 
 MILLER, C. LOCKE (July 12, 1884-Sept. 
 19, 1954), educator, was born in Hartford, 
 Trumbull County. After graduating from 
 Hiram College in 1905, he studied at Har- 
 vard Law School and at Ott School of Ora- 
 tory, Chicago. He taught in Trumbull 
 County schools and at Central State Nor- 
 mal School, Lock Haven, Pa. Living in 
 Youngstown in the later part of his life, 
 he ran unsuccessfully for Congress seven 
 times. He lectured widely, wrote radio 
 plays, published numerous poems in the 
 Youngstown Telegram, and a collection of 
 verse: Battle Song for Slaves and Other 
 Lyrics and Satires, New York, [1941]. 
 
 MILLER, DAYTON CLARENCE (March 13, 
 1866-Feb. 22, 1941), educator, was born 
 in Strongsville, Cuyahoga County, and 
 graduated from Baldwin University in 1886. 
 After teaching for one year at his alma 
 mater, he joined the staff of Case Institute 
 of Technology in 1890 and remained on 
 that faculty throughout his career. Besides 
 a physics textbook and a number of tech- 
 nical studies, he published a revised version 
 of the Lowell Institute lectures that he had 
 delivered in 1914: The Science of Musical 
 Sounds, New York, 1916. WWW 1 
 
443 
 
 Miller, J. H. 
 
 MILLER, ELIZABETH KUMLER (Feb. 1, 
 
 1835-Oct. 23, 1905), was born near Mill- 
 ville, Butler County. She graduated from 
 Otterbein College in 1858. Her poems ap- 
 peared in various periodicals, and in a col- 
 lection: Poems, Dayton, 1905. 
 
 MILLER, ELLEN BELL ROBERTSON 
 
 (Aug. 27, 1859-Aug. 11, 1937), was born 
 in New London, Huron County. She died 
 in Warrensville. She wrote articles and 
 stories on nature and Butterfly and Moth 
 Book . . . , New York, 1912. 
 
 MILLER, ETHEL HULL (March 7. 1889- 
 ), was born in Hartford. Trumbull 
 County. She attended Hiram College, 1907- 
 09, and in 1908 married Myron Messenger 
 Miller, who assisted her with some of her 
 writings until his death in 1953. Now Mrs. 
 David Duff, she lives in Poland, Mahoning 
 County. She has written considerable juve- 
 nile fiction, e.g.. White-Saddle, Greenville, 
 Pa., [1934]. WW 26 
 
 MILLER, H. C. (May 18, 1841-Feb. 15, 
 1920), was born at Rockyhill, Jackson 
 County. He was a second lieutenant in the 
 First Ohio Heavy Artillery from July, 1863, 
 to June, 1865. He died at Jackson. 
 First Ohio Heavy Artillery History . . . , 
 [Jackson, 1899]. 
 
 MILLER. HARRIET MANN (June 25, 1831- 
 Dec. 25, 1918), born in Albany, N. Y., 
 was brought to Ohio when she was eleven 
 and lived here until around 1849. Rela- 
 tively late in life she began writing articles 
 and books about birds and animals, using 
 the pen name Olive Thome Miller, e.g., 
 Little Brothers of the Air, Boston, [1892]. 
 
 MILLER, HENRY RUSSEL (May 12, 
 1880-Dec. 16, 1955), lawyer, was born 
 in Sidney, Shelby County. He graduated 
 from Westminster College, New Wilming- 
 ton, Pa., in 1899; read law and was ad- 
 mitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1903; 
 and afterward practiced in Pittsburgh. He 
 wrote a number of books, including a his- 
 tory of the First Division (1920) and The 
 Ambition of Mark Truitt, Indianapolis, 
 [1913]. WWW 3 
 
 MILLER, MRS. HERMAN A. See Dorothy 
 E. Reid. 
 
 MILLER. IRVING JOHN ARMITAGE (Oct. 
 14, 1866— ), journalist, was born in 
 Ohio. Except that he was a journalist and 
 lived for many years in Marshalltown, 
 Iowa, no details concerning his life have 
 been discovered. 
 
 Fireside Poems, Marshalltown, Iowa, 1887. 
 Twilight Thoughts; A Poetic Reverie on 
 
 Man, Chicago, 1912. 
 Today and Yesterday, Lyrics for Young 
 
 and Old, Chicago, 1916. 
 
 MILLER, JAMES ALEXANDER (April 28. 
 1864-May 27, 1942), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Greenwood, N. Y. He 
 graduated from New York University (A.B., 
 1888; Ph.D., 1891). Ordained to the Pres- 
 byterian ministry in 1891, he served several 
 churches in New York State until 1919, 
 when he came to Ohio. He was on the fac- 
 ulty of Ohio University, 1919-23, and was 
 pastor of the Presbyterian church at Hunts- 
 ville, 1923-41. 
 
 The History of the Presbytery of Steuben 
 . . . , Angelica, N. Y., 1897. 
 
 MILLER, JAMES RUSSELL (March 20, 
 1840-July 2, 1912), clergyman, born in 
 Harshaville, Pa., spent a part of his boy- 
 hood in Calcutta, Ohio, where his family 
 moved when he was about fourteen. A 
 Presbyterian clergyman, he was a prolific 
 writer during his ministerial career and 
 published many articles, sermons, and de- 
 votional books, e.g., The Joy of Service, 
 New York, [1898]. 
 
 MILLER, JOHN G. (?-?), was a Columbus 
 lawyer who established the Ohio Confeder- 
 ate at Columbus in 1836. For a while it 
 was a Democratic and States' Rights paper, 
 but in 1840 it fell into line behind William 
 Henry Harrison for President. His The 
 Great Convention is an account of the Ohio 
 convention held at Columbus in February 
 of 1840. In literary quality, it rises far 
 above the usual campaign document and 
 constitutes a valuable contribution to the 
 history of American politics. He was re- 
 warded with the appointment as postmaster 
 at Columbus in 1841 and served until 1845, 
 when he returned to the practice of law. 
 He was practicing in Columbus in 1857. 
 The Great Convention . . . , Columbus, 
 [1840]. 
 
 MILLER, JOHN HENDERSON (May 11, 
 1845-April 19, 1923), clergyman, was born 
 in Mansfield, Richland County. After 
 graduating from Wittenberg College in 
 1868 and Princeton Theological Seminary 
 in 1871, he was ordained as a Presbyterian 
 minister and served pastorates in Kansas 
 and Missouri, where he was also active in 
 Masonic activities. His writings include 
 Where the Rainbow Touches the Ground, 
 New York, 1906. WWW 1 
 
Miller, L. F. 
 
 444 
 
 MILLER, LEO FRANCIS (March 23, 1885- 
 ); clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Canton, Stark County. He graduated 
 from the Pontifical College Josephinum, 
 Worthington, in 1907 and from the Pontif- 
 ical Gregorian University, Rome, in 1913. 
 He has been on the faculty of the Pontif- 
 ical College Josephinum since 1915 and 
 has served as dean since 1945. He has 
 written many articles and several books, 
 e.g., A History of Philosophy, New York, 
 [1927]. CWW 11 
 
 MILLER, LOUISE KLEIN (Aug. 7, 1854- 
 Oct. 24, 1943), educator and landscape 
 architect, was born near Centerville, Mont- 
 gomery County. After graduating from 
 Cook County Normal School, Chicago, 111., 
 in 1893, she taught in the schools of vari- 
 ous states. In 1904 she became curator of 
 school gardens in Cleveland. Her writings 
 include As I See It, Portland, Maine, 1941. 
 WWW 2 
 
 MILLER, MARION MILLS (Feb. 27, 1864- 
 Nov. 25, 1949), was born in Eaton, Preble 
 County. After graduating from Princeton 
 University in 1886, he taught English there 
 for five years and later was secretary of 
 various political reform organizations. He 
 lived in New York City for some time and 
 then moved to Lexington, Ky., where he 
 founded the Maxwelton Publishing Com- 
 pany. The last title below is a dramatization 
 of the Oscar Wilde novel. 
 Parnassus by Rail, New York, 1891. 
 Practical Suggestions for Mother and 
 
 Housewife, New York, [1910]. 
 American Debate; A History of Political 
 
 and Economic Controversy in the United 
 
 States . . . , 2 vols., New York, 1916. 
 The Return of Odysseus; A Greek Choric 
 
 Play in Two Continuous Acts . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1917. 
 The Picture of Dorian Gray . . . , New 
 
 York, 1931. 
 
 MILLER, MINNIE WILLIS RAINES (Jan. 
 8, 1845-?), was born in Lebanon, N. H. 
 She attended the public schools of Spring- 
 field and graduated from Wittenberg Col- 
 lege. Most of her life was spent in Ohio. 
 At the age of fourteen she published her 
 first sketch in Waverly Magazine. Some of 
 her magazine writing was published under 
 the pen name Marion Leroy. In 1882 she 
 edited the Book of Good Behavior. She also 
 wrote stories and poems for various papers 
 and magazines and lectured on temperance 
 and women's suffrage. 
 The Silent Land. A Study, Cincinnati, 1890. 
 
 His Cousin, the Doctor. A Story. Cincin- 
 nati, 1891. 
 
 The Pilgrims' Vision, Cincinnati, 1892. 
 
 Mrs. Cherry's Sister; Or, Christian Science 
 at Fairfax, Cincinnati, 1900. 
 
 MILLER, NOLAN (May 4, 1912- ), educa- 
 tor, was born in Kalida, Putnam County. 
 When he was eleven, his parents moved to 
 Detroit, Mich., where he later attended 
 Wayne University. He taught in a Detroit 
 high school and at Wayne before returning 
 to Ohio to teach English at Antioch Col- 
 lege. He is now chairman of the depart- 
 ment of literature and editor of the Antioch 
 Review and New Campus Writing. He has 
 published several novels, e.g., A Moth of 
 Time . . . , New York, [1946]. ANT 
 
 MILLER, OLIVE THORNE. Pseud. See Har- 
 riet M. Miller. 
 
 MILLER, ROBERT J. (Feb. 1, 1853-March 
 9, 1934), clergyman, born in Hanover, Pa., 
 spent a part of his boyhood in New Con- 
 cord. After graduating from Muskingum 
 College in 1873, he became a Presbyterian 
 clergyman and served churches in Ohio and 
 other states. He wrote a biography of John 
 K. Montgomery, longtime president of 
 Muskingum College: A Christian Educator, 
 Pittsburgh, 1932. 
 
 MILLER, SADIE MATHERS (Nov. 21, 
 1867- ), was born in Cambridge, 
 Guernsey County. She attended Scio Col- 
 lege. Her last known address is Los Angeles. 
 Her poems appeared in magazines, antholo- 
 gies, and a collection: Moonlight and Memo- 
 ries, Tucson, Ariz., 1930. BDCP. 
 
 MILLER, SAMUEL ALMOND (Aug. 28, 
 1837-Dec. 18, 1897), lawyer, was born in 
 Coolville, Athens County. Admitted to the 
 bar in Cincinnati in April, 1860, he built 
 up an extensive and lucrative practice, dur- 
 ing which he found time to annotate and 
 prepare for the press the statutes and laws 
 of Ohio, a work which covered some 3,600 
 pages. He was deeply engrossed in geology 
 and paleontology, fields in which he gained 
 wide recognition for a number of original 
 discoveries. He was one of the founders 
 of the Cincinnati Society of Natural His- 
 tory, and in Jan., 1874, he began publica- 
 tion of the Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of 
 Science. He wrote a number of monographs 
 on scientific subjects. Lavishly illustrated 
 with original cuts, his North American 
 Geology and Palaeontology was privately 
 printed in an unfortunately small edition, 
 
445 
 
 Mills, W. S. 
 
 and few copies of this important book are 
 
 known. He died in Cincinnati. 
 
 The American Palaeozoic Fossils: A Cata- 
 logue of the Genera and Species . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1877. 
 
 North American Geology and Palaeontol- 
 ogy for the Use of Amateurs, Students, 
 and Scientists, Cincinnati, 1889. 
 
 MILLER, SAMUEL SMITH (May 16, 1827- 
 April 6, 1916), was born on a farm in 
 Bethel Township, Clark County. He at- 
 tended Wittenberg College, taught school 
 for a time, but during the greater part of 
 his life operated a farm near Springfield. 
 Early Settlers and Early Times on Donnell's 
 Creek . . . , [n.p.], 1887. 
 
 MILLER, THURMAN (Dusty) (Dec. 28, 
 1881- ), journalist and lecturer, was 
 born on a farm in Marshall Township, 
 Highland County. He graduated from Wil- 
 mington College in 1907, taught school for 
 five years, and edited the Wilmington Daily 
 News-Journal until 1924. After 1924 he 
 continued to write a daily column for the 
 paper. In 1922 he began public speaking 
 and was nationally popular as a lecturer 
 and after-dinner speaker. Besides booklets 
 and articles, he has published a book of 
 sketches of his uncle, an attorney, William 
 H. Miller: Uncle Bill, [Wilmington, 1943]. 
 WW 22 
 
 MILLIGAN, ROBERT (July 25, 1814- 
 March 20, 1875), born in County Ty- 
 rone, Ireland, grew up near Youngstown, 
 where his parents settled around 1818. Con- 
 verted to the Disciples of Christ Church 
 and ordained a minister in 1844, he taught 
 in several colleges. During the last few 
 years of his life he published a number of 
 religious books, e.g., Reason and Revela- 
 tion, Cincinnati, 1868. 
 
 MILLS, CLARENCE ALONZO (Dec. 9, 
 1891- ), physician and educator, born 
 in Miami, Ind., graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of South Dakota in 1917 and did 
 graduate work at the University of Cin- 
 cinnati (Ph.D., 1920; M.D., 1922). He has 
 taught at the University of Cincinnati Medi- 
 cal School since 1919, except for the years 
 1922-28, when he taught at Union Medical 
 College, Peking, China. He has written 
 several books on the relation of climate to 
 health, e.g.. Living with the Weather, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1934]. WW 30 
 
 MILLS, JOB SMITH (Feb. 28, 1848-Sept. 
 16, 1909), clergyman, was born in Ply- 
 mouth, Richland County. After graduating 
 
 from Illinois Wesleyan University, he served 
 as pastor of Otterbein University, 1874-80 
 and 1885-87, and taught at Western Col- 
 lege, Iowa, 1887-93. After being elected 
 bishop of the United Brethren church in 
 1893, he traveled widely in connection with 
 mission work. 
 Mission Work in West Africa, Dayton, 
 
 1898. 
 Holiness, Dayton, 1902. 
 
 MILLS, LEWIS ESTE (Aug. 13, 1836-April 
 10, 1878), lawyer, was born in Morristown, 
 N. J. After graduating from Yale Univer- 
 sity in 1856, he came to Cincinnati, where 
 he read law in the office of his elder 
 brother. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1858. During the Civil War, he was an aide 
 on the staff of General R. B. Potter, Ninth 
 Army Corps. Besides the titles below, he 
 gave a speech on General John Pope's Vir- 
 ginia campaign of 1862 which was pub- 
 lished as a pamphlet in 1870. He died in 
 Florence, Italy. 
 
 Glimpses of Southern France and Spain, 
 Cincinnati, 1867. 
 
 MILLS, RUTH. See Ruth M. H. Teague. 
 
 MILLS, WILLIAM (Sept. 1, 1811-Nov. 25, 
 1864), physician, was born near Knoxville, 
 Jefferson County. He graduated from 
 Franklin College in 1844 and also studied 
 at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
 He practiced in New Athens from 1846 
 until his death. 
 
 Marrow of Practical Medicine . . . , St. 
 Clairsville, 1848. 
 
 MILLS, WILLIAM CORLESS (Jan. 2, 1860- 
 Jpn. 17, 1928), museum director, was born 
 at Pyrmont, Montgomery County. After 
 graduating from Ohio State University in 
 1898, he became curator and librarian of 
 the Ohio Archaeological and Historical So- 
 ciety. He was active in exploring mounds 
 and village sites in Ohio, wrote many ar- 
 ticles derived from his activities, and com- 
 piled Archaeological Atlas of Ohio . . . , 
 Columbus, 1914. WWW 1 
 
 MILLS, WILLIAM STOWELL (Nov. 14, 
 1850-Nov. 4, 1929), educator, was born in 
 Reynoldsburg, Franklin County, but lived 
 for a number of years in Lake County. He 
 taught school in Ohio and later was a 
 school principal in Brooklyn, N. Y., for 28 
 years. Besides the title below, he published 
 an address, some poetry, and a work on 
 genealogy. 
 
 The Story of the Western Reserve of 
 Connecticut, New York, [1900]. 
 
Milner 
 
 446 
 
 MILNER, DUNCAN CHAMBERS (March 10, 
 1841-March 18, 1928), clergyman, was 
 born in Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson County. He 
 served in the Civil War with the 98th 
 O.V.I. , and afterward attended Washington 
 and Jefferson College and Union Theologi- 
 cal Seminary. Ordained to the Presbyterian 
 ministry in 1868, he served pastorates in 
 Kansas and Illinois. He wrote Lincoln and 
 Liquor, New York, 1920. WWW 1 
 
 MILOTIZ. Pseud. See Moritz Loth. 
 
 MINER, JOHN THOMAS (Jack) (April 
 10, 1863-Nov. 3, 1944), naturalist, was 
 born in Cuyahoga County and spent his 
 boyhood there. In 1904 he established a 
 bird sanctuary in Ontario, Canada. He 
 wrote a syndicated column on conservation 
 and nature, lectured widely, and published 
 several books on the subject, e.g., Jack 
 Miner on Current Topics, Toronto, [1929]. 
 WW 16 
 
 MINER, LUELLA (Oct. 30, 1861-Dec, 
 1935), missionary -teacher, was born in 
 Oberlin, Lorain County. She graduated 
 from Oberlin College in 1884. In 1887 she 
 went as a missionary to China, and during 
 her long service there she taught in various 
 schools and colleges. Her writings include 
 China's Book of Martyrs . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [1903]. WWW 1 
 
 MINNICH, HARVEY C. (March 10, 1861- 
 May 12, 1952), educator, was born in 
 Union, Montgomery County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Northern University in 1886 
 and served as superintendent of schools in 
 Hutchinson, Kan. (1889-92), Hillsboro 
 (1892-1902), and Middletown (1902-03). 
 He was dean of the Miami University 
 School of Education, 1903-29. He wrote 
 William Holmes McGuffey and His Readers, 
 New York, [1936]. WWW 3 
 
 MINNIG, SAMUEL R. (Jan. 21, 1847-Aug. 
 2, 1935), journalist, was born in Berne, 
 Switzerland. He came to New Philadelphia, 
 Tuscarawas County, in 1869, and in 1872 
 purchased Der Beobachter, a weekly Ger- 
 man paper, which he published for forty 
 years. He died in Dover, Tuscarawas 
 County. 
 
 Erzdhltes und Erleftes . . . , New Philadel- 
 phia, 1894. 
 
 MINOR, THOMAS CHALMERS (July 6, 
 1846-Feb. 18, 1912), physician, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from Ohio Medical College in 
 1867, he practiced in Cincinnati and held 
 
 various municipal offices. He contributed 
 many articles to professional journals and 
 wrote a number of medical treatises, of 
 which his Notes on the Epidemiology of 
 Ohio is the best known. This work includes 
 a valuable study of the history of the state 
 and the topography, geology, population, 
 hydrography, and climatology of the vari- 
 ous counties. He is known to have written 
 many poems and several opera librettos, 
 none of which appears to have been pub- 
 lished in book form. His novel Her Lady- 
 ship was published anonymously. 
 Notes on the Epidemiology of Ohio, [Cin- 
 cinnati, 1877]. 
 Her Ladyship, a Novel, Cincinnati, 1880. 
 Athothis, a Satire of Modern Medicine, 
 Cincinnati, 1887. 
 
 MINTURN, JOSEPH ALLEN (June 20, 
 1861-April 3, 1943), lawyer, was born in 
 Athens County. From the age of fifteen he 
 was a resident of Indiana. In 1880 he gradu- 
 ated from Pennsylvania Military College. 
 He then studied law and was admitted to 
 the Indiana bar. He was widely known as 
 a specialist in patent law. 
 The Inventor's Friend . . . , Indianapolis, 
 
 [1893]. 
 Price-Regulations under Patents, Indianap- 
 olis, [1916]. 
 The Puritans; An Historical Poem . . . , 
 
 Noblesville, Ind., 1917. 
 The American Spirit, Indianapolis, [1921]. 
 Brown County Ballads . . . , [Indianapolis, 
 
 1928]. 
 Frances Slocum of Miami Lodge . . . , 
 
 Indianapolis, [1928]. 
 Historical and Other Poems, Indianapolis, 
 [1939]. 
 
 MIRZA, YOUEL BENJAMIN (Dec. 23, 
 1888-Sept. 29, 1947), was born in Persia 
 and came to America when he was fifteen 
 years old. He studied at Ohio Wesleyan 
 University, 1906-08, and later earned a 
 Ph.D. in history at Johns Hopkins Univer- 
 sity. A member of the Society of Friends, 
 he taught history at Earlham College, Rich- 
 mond, Ind., until 1925, when he was em- 
 ployed by Elder & Johnston, Dayton, and 
 placed in charge of the rug department. 
 His writings include When I Was a Boy in 
 Persia, Boston, [1920]. WWW 2 
 
 MITCHEL, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS (Dec. 
 4, 1839-Aug. 19, 1918), journalist, son of 
 Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel (q.v. ), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from Brown University in 1860, 
 he served in the Civil War until August 17, 
 1863. He was later a staff editor of the 
 
447 
 
 Mitchel, O. M. 
 
 American Press Association, and lived in 
 
 East Orange, N. J. Besides his books, he 
 
 wrote a number of short stories. 
 
 Ormsby MacKnight Mitchel, Astronomer 
 and General; A Biographical Narrative, 
 Boston, 1887. 
 
 The Twenty Million Ransom, a Story of 
 the Future, New York, 1890. 
 
 Chattanooga, a Romance of the American 
 Civil War, New York, [1891]. 
 
 Chickamauga, a Romance of the Ameri- 
 can Civil War, New York, [1892]. 
 
 Sweet Revenge, a Romance of the Civil 
 War, New York, 1897. 
 
 MITCHEL, ORMSBY MacKNIGHT (July 
 28, 1809-Oct. 30, 1862), astronomer, sol- 
 dier, and undoubtedly one of the finest 
 salesmen America has ever known, was 
 born at what is now Morganfield, Union 
 County, Ky. About three or four years 
 later, his father, a surveyor, died, and in 
 1816, the widow brought her family to 
 Lebanon, Warren County, to live with a 
 married daughter. Here, until he was twelve, 
 Mitchel received his early schooling from 
 a brother, whose instruction included Latin, 
 Greek, and arithmetic. At twelve he was 
 apprenticed to a storekeeper. A false charge 
 of lying caused Mitchel to run away and 
 join a train of Conestoga wagons as a 
 "waggoner boy." He next obtained em- 
 ployment as a clerk in a new store in 
 Xenia. Learning that he could obtain a 
 free education at the U. S. Military Acad- 
 emy, Mitchel applied to the Hon. Wil- 
 liam MacLean, U. S. Representative from 
 Piqua, for an appointment. He was ordered 
 to West Point for the entrance examination. 
 He walked to Sandusky and from there 
 worked his way to Buffalo on a lake boat 
 and then along the Erie Canal and down 
 the Hudson to the Point, where he arrived 
 July 1, 1825, in time to take the examination. 
 Despite his relatively meager education, Mit- 
 chel did well at West Point. He graduated 
 in 1829, fifteenth in a class of 46, thirteen 
 places below Robert E. Lee. He did so 
 well in mathematics that he remained at 
 the Point two more years as assistant pro- 
 fessor of the subject. While at West Point, 
 Mitchel engaged in two activities common 
 to all soldiers — he grumbled about the 
 food and he fell in love. His lady was a 
 young widow of Cornwall-on-the-Hudson, 
 Louisa Clark Trask. Besides courting and 
 teaching, Mitchel managed to study law. 
 In the summer of 1831, Mitchel was em- 
 ployed in the survey of the Philadelphia 
 and Norristown Railroad. Upon its com- 
 pletion he undertook the survey of the 
 Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad, which he 
 
 completed in November of 1831. Overcom- 
 ing the objections of her parents, Mitchel 
 married Louisa Trask on Sept. 10 of 
 that same year. Shortly afterward he was 
 assigned to Fort Marion, St. Augustine, 
 Fla. There he served until July 30, 1832, 
 when he resigned his commission in the 
 Army. In October of 1832, Mitchel arrived 
 in Cincinnati, planning to make it his per- 
 manent residence. His coming coincided 
 with an outburst of intellectual activity fol- 
 lowing Mrs. Trollope's departure. Major 
 artists were Joseph Dorfeuille and Hiram 
 Powers. Nearly the entire Beecher clan was at 
 Lane Seminary and at the center of Cin- 
 cinnati's cultural activities. Daniel Drake 
 was still the "spark plug" of Cincinnati's 
 intellectual advance. Mitchel was quickly 
 accepted into the inner circle and soon be- 
 came a member of the Semi-Colon Club, 
 formed probably in 1832, a literary society 
 that antedated the present Literary Club 
 by nearly twenty years. It was a way of 
 life in which Mitchel took an active part 
 and one which led directly to the Cincin- 
 nati Observatory. By the end of 1832, 
 Mitchel had formed a law partnership with 
 young Edward D. Mansfield (q.v.). Their 
 office was on Third Street between Main 
 and Walnut Streets, in what was then the 
 heart of the business district. The young 
 men were not particularly interested in the 
 practice of law and were perfectly willing 
 to devote themselves to more congenial 
 tasks. Mansfield, in his Autobiography, tells 
 of how he and Mitchel spent their time at 
 the office. While Mansfield worked on his 
 Political Grammar, Mitchel sat in his 
 corner reading Quintilian on oratory and 
 translating portions of it aloud to Mans- 
 field. The result of this was that Mitchel 
 published, in 1833, a translation of Quintil- 
 ian "digested and prepared for the use of 
 the American people." Inevitably, then, in 
 1834, Mitchel became a teacher and Mans- 
 field became a professional writer. Before 
 dissolving the partnership, however, both 
 Mansfield and Mitchel joined Lyman 
 Beecher's church, the Second Presbyterian. 
 Also, perhaps as an indication that he had 
 not quite made up his mind what to do, 
 Mitchel became one of the incorporators of 
 the Cincinnati Law Library. Nevertheless, 
 according to Charles Cist (q.v.), Mitchel in 
 1834 opened his school — The Institute of 
 Science and Languages — assisted by John 
 A. Wilstack. This is far more tenable than 
 the idea that the school opened in 1836, 
 which would mean that Mitchel was with- 
 out a job for two years. The 1836 date orig- 
 inated in the fact that the school first 
 appears in the Cincinnati directory for that 
 
Mitchel, O. M. 
 
 448 
 
 year, but the 1834 directory was published 
 before the school opened, and there was 
 no directory in 1835. In 1836 the Cincin- 
 nati College curriculum was revised by 
 Daniel Drake and William McGuffey. 
 Courses in the liberal arts and sciences were 
 added to the curricula of law and medicine. 
 Mitchel was appointed a professor of 
 mathematics and astronomy, a position he 
 held until the demise of the college. He is 
 credited with teaching one of the first col- 
 legiate courses in civil engineering while 
 at Cincinnati College. Apparently he could 
 not get along on the salary the college paid 
 him, for on May 3, 1837, he was engaged 
 for $1,000 to survey the route of the newly 
 formed Little Miami Railroad from Xenia 
 to Cincinnati. On Aug. 24 at Dennison's 
 Tavern, the railroad accepted Mitchel's 
 route as far as Springfield and appointed 
 him chief engineer at $2,500 a year. In ad- 
 dition — also while teaching — Mitchel sold 
 800 shares of the railroad's stock. In spite 
 of the panic, the report of his survey was 
 published in that same year, in Cincinnati. 
 However, in May, 1838, he resigned as 
 chief engineer, apparently because he was 
 unable to work with his colleagues. As has 
 been stated, Mitchel continued to teach 
 while working for the Little Miami Rail- 
 road. Beginning in 1837 he took an active 
 part in the Western Literary Institute and 
 College of Professional Teachers. This was 
 an association of professional teachers 
 from all over the old Northwest and the 
 border states. It met once a year each Octo- 
 ber, in Cincinnati for a grand convention 
 and get-together. Like present-day teachers, 
 the members of the Institute could gener- 
 ate a good deal of enthusiasm over lectures 
 and discussions on such subjects as "Should 
 the Art of Conversation Be Taught in the 
 Schools?" or "How to Use the Blackboard." 
 Such persons as Catherine Beecher, Arch- 
 bishop John B. Purcell, the Rev. Alex- 
 ander Campbell, Daniel Drake, William 
 McGufTey, Milo G. Williams, B. P. Ayde- 
 lott, and Albert Picket were among the 
 active members. Strangely, Mitchel's name 
 never appears on the list of members 
 of the Institute although he took a most 
 active part in its activities and served on 
 many committees. In 1837 he talked on 
 "The Importance of Civil Engineering as a 
 Branch of Collegiate Education." In 1839 
 he was elected as Director from Ohio. A 
 direct outgrowth of the Western Literary 
 Institute was the organization, in 1840, of 
 the Cincinnati Society for Promotion of 
 Useful Knowledge. Its purpose was the 
 promotion of adult education. It was di- 
 vided into fourteen sections, each dealing 
 
 with some phase of knowledge. Mitchel 
 took a leading part in its organization and 
 was head of the section on exact and 
 mixed science. His lectures were well re- 
 ceived by the public. During 1841 Mitchel 
 continued to teach at Cincinnati College 
 and to lecture for the Society for the Pro- 
 motion of Useful Knowledge. He was also 
 a member of the Board of Visitors to West 
 Point Academy. This was probably Mit- 
 chel's last year of quiet, unexciting living, 
 for with 1842 the fulfillment of his prom- 
 ise in life began. On Jan. 6, 1842, he was 
 in Columbus attending a military conven- 
 tion that the Cincinnati Gazette darkly 
 called a disguised Locofoco convention. 
 Four days later, in command of ten men 
 of the City Guard, he helped put down a 
 riot that followed the suspension of the 
 Miami Exporting Company and the Cin- 
 cinnati Bank. During the winter Mitchel 
 undertook, for the Society for the Promotion 
 of Useful Knowledge, a series of three lec- 
 tures on astronomy to be given in the ball- 
 room of Mrs. Trollope's Bazaar. The course 
 was announced as "a grand and noble cru- 
 sade against the stars." The subject was 
 "The Stability of the Solar System." With 
 his ability to restate abstruse thoughts in 
 simple language, intensified by enthusiasm 
 and illustrated with transparencies of the 
 heavens, Mitchel's lectures became an in- 
 stant success. The people of Cincinnati were 
 given an intimate glimpse into affairs closed 
 to the vast majority of mankind. By popu- 
 lar demand, Mitchel was forced to redeliver 
 his last lecture before an audience of nearly 
 2,000 in the largest available hall — the Wes- 
 ley Chapel. At the end of his lecture he 
 announced that he would devote the next 
 five years of his life to erecting an astro- 
 nomical observatory in Cincinnati: "I will 
 go to the people and by the anvil of the 
 blacksmith, by the workbench of the car- 
 penter, and thus onward to the rich parlor 
 of the wealthy, I will plead the cause of 
 science. ... I shall visit personally one 
 thousand of our citizens and be refused by 
 each and every one before I will yield and 
 resign the effort. I am determined to show 
 the autocrat of all the Russias that an ob- 
 scure individual, in the wilderness city in 
 a republican country, can raise here more 
 money by voluntary gift in behalf of sci- 
 ence than his majesty can raise in the same 
 way throughout his whole dominions." On 
 May 23, 1842, a public meeting was held 
 in the hall of Cincinnati College to organ- 
 ize the Cincinnati Astronomical Society. 
 Subscriptions of $6,500 at the rate of $25 
 a share were announced. Each share al- 
 lowed two members of the family at a 
 
449 
 
 Mitchel, O. M. 
 
 time to use the facilities of the Observatory. 
 People from all walks of life subscribed to 
 the stock — it was a genuine popular move- 
 ment. Ten days later Mitchel was ordered 
 to Europe to obtain a lens and to visit ob- 
 servatories to gain experience in their de- 
 sign and operation. He first visited several 
 officials in Washington, but found them un- 
 interested in the venture or skeptical of its 
 success. After a tedious voyage of two 
 months he reached England, where Sir 
 George Airy of the Greenwich Observatory 
 instructed him in the art of astronomical 
 observation. Mitchel was primarily inter- 
 ested in finding a lens, however, and, unable 
 to find one in England, he went on to 
 France and then to Germany. In Munich 
 he found an objective for a refracting tele- 
 scope twelve inches in diameter. The price 
 was $9,000. He returned to Cincinnati in 
 October, and the Astronomical Society 
 agreed to the purchase of the lens if 
 Mitchel would raise the money. By the 
 second week of November, he had per- 
 sonally raised $2,000. The first payment 
 on the lens was then made. During 1843 
 Mitchel concentrated on obtaining an ob- 
 servatory. With the aid of Judge Jacob 
 Burnet, he persuaded Nicholas Longworth 
 (q.v.) to donate land on Mount Adams as a 
 site for the observatory. Longworth stipu- 
 lated that unless the building was com- 
 pleted promptly the land should revert to 
 him. Mitchel also devoted himself to per- 
 suading John Quincy Adams to lay the 
 cornerstone. On Nov. 9, 1843, in a pour- 
 ing rain, Adams delivered an oration and 
 laid the cornerstone before an audience 
 of several thousand. The next day he gave 
 his speech again for those citizens who 
 had missed it the day before. For Mitchel, 
 while it was all very gratifying, the work 
 on the observatory was just beginning. Dur- 
 ing the next year, he personally supervised 
 its construction — hiring the workmen, con- 
 structing brick and lime kilns, and raising 
 the necessary funds to pay for everything. 
 By Dec, 1844, the building was completed at 
 a cost of $2,000, six months before Long- 
 worth's deadline. On Jan. 23, 1845, the 
 telescope arrived, and within two months 
 it was assembled and in place. On April 
 14, Mitchel took his first look through the 
 Cincinnati Great Equatorial Refracting 
 Telescope. If he ever had a happiest mo- 
 ment in his life, this was most certainly it. 
 However, he had to face the fact that he 
 was without a paying job, because on Jan. 
 19, 1844, the Cincinnati College was de- 
 stroyed by fire, and with it went Mitchel's 
 livelihood. Since the income from sightseers 
 to the observatory was not enough for his 
 
 support, he was granted permission to give a 
 series of lectures in the East. Beginning in 
 Boston, he was an immediate success. In 
 New York he received a standing ovation. 
 The income from lecture tours kept both 
 the observatory and Mitchel going for 
 years. When the observatory was completed 
 and he was assured of an income, he could 
 devote his time to astronomy. In July, 1846, 
 he published the first number of the Side- 
 real Messenger, the first popular magazine 
 on astronomy in America. In October he 
 was joined by Henry Twitchell, a sailor 
 from New Hampshire, who rendered him 
 invaluable service for the next fifteen years. 
 Mrs. Mitchel also assisted him. For the next 
 decade he devoted himself to the unexciting, 
 but important, job of remeasuring the mul- 
 tiple stars south of the equator as listed by 
 Friedrich Von Struve in 1827. Also in this 
 period, he found time to act as adjutant 
 general of Ohio, 1847-48. In 1848 he per- 
 fected a magnetic clock and received an 
 honorary MA. from Harvard. The year 
 1848 also saw the demise of the Sidereal 
 Messenger. During the winter of 1848-49, 
 in order to increase his income, he surveyed 
 the route of the Ohio and Mississippi Rail- 
 road and acted as chief engineer. In August 
 he reported on a newly invented declination 
 apparatus before the American Association 
 for the Advancement of Science. Financial 
 problems of the observatory remained diffi- 
 cult during the 1850s. Twice Mitchel pro- 
 posed schemes to liquidate the observatory 
 or refinance it, but to no avail. Consequently, 
 in 1860, he accepted a position as head of 
 the Dudley Observatory in Albany, N. Y., 
 which he had helped to design. With the 
 coming of the Civil War he was quick to 
 offer his services. On Aug. 9, 1861, Lincoln 
 appointed him a brigadier general of volun- 
 teers, and he was made commander of the 
 Department of the Ohio. Later, when his 
 command was united with the Department 
 of the Cumberland, he served under Gen- 
 eral Don Carlos Buell. In April, 1862, he 
 made his famous dash from Shelbyville, 
 Tenn., to Huntsville, Ala., for which he was 
 promoted to major general. However, his 
 relationship with Buell grew increasingly 
 difficult, and on Sept. 17 of that year he was 
 ordered to command the Department of the 
 South with headquarters at Hilton Head, 
 S. C. Before he could organize his command, 
 he died of yellow fever at Beaufort, S. C. 
 Mitchel published nine books during his 
 lifetime. In addition to reports of railroad 
 surveys, he wrote a textbook on algebra, a 
 translation of Quintilian, and a number of 
 books on astronomy. These latter works are 
 based on his very popular lectures. His The 
 
Mitchell, C. A. 
 
 450 
 
 Planetary and Stellar World was republished 
 several times in England and America, as 
 was the posthumous The Astronomy of the 
 Bible. Most of his writings, however, ap- 
 peared in periodicals such as his own Side- 
 real Messenger and in the annual reports of 
 various organizations. Because of his ability 
 to restate abstruse thoughts in simple lan- 
 guage, his books on astronomy are easy to 
 read and to understand. As a popularizer of 
 a difficult scientific subject, he was most suc- 
 cessful. His more technical works, while 
 commensurably more difficult for a layman, 
 are still lucidly and simply written. Upon 
 his death Mitchel left a widow and five chil- 
 dren. He had been honored with an M.A. 
 from Harvard and an LL.D. from Washing- 
 ton College and had been made a Fellow of 
 the Royal Astronomical Society, London. 
 Somehow or other, Mitchel never quite rated 
 as a genius. He was a good teacher, but by 
 no means a William H. McGuffey. He was 
 a good engineer but no Roebling or Dodge. 
 He was a good astronomer but certainly no 
 Galileo. His reputation in this field today 
 is that of solid but unspectacular work. He 
 was a good general, perhaps better than 
 Buell, but he was no Grant or Lee. He is 
 pre-eminent, however, as the man who, 
 singlehanded, sold enough stock to a city of 
 people fresh from the frontier and all its 
 crude hardheadedness to build the first as- 
 tronomical observatory in the Western 
 Hemisphere. 
 
 Yeatman Anderson, III 
 
 Survey of the Little Miami Railroad . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1837. 
 A Course of Six Lectures on Astronomy 
 
 . . . , New York, 1848. 
 The Planetary and Stellar Worlds . . . , New 
 
 York, 1848. 
 Popular Astronomy . A Concise Elementary 
 
 Treatise . . . , New York, 1860. 
 The Astronomy of the Bible . . . , New 
 
 York, 1863. 
 
 MITCHELL, CHARLES ANDERSON (Jan. 
 18, 1864-July 13, 1948), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Springfield, Clark 
 County. He graduated from Bellevue College 
 in 1892 and Princeton Theological Seminary 
 in 1896. He was ordained to the Presby- 
 terian ministry in 1896, served on the Belle- 
 vue College faculty, with some interruptions 
 during which he was doing advanced study, 
 1893-1902, and was on the faculty of Pres- 
 byterian Theological Seminary at Omaha, 
 Neb., 1902-37. He wrote The Model Prayer 
 and Other New Testament Studies . . . , 
 Boston, 1918. WW 21 
 
 MITCHELL, DANIEL HOLMES (c.1883- 
 May 9, 1909), was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County. He died in Arizona at the age 
 of 27. An elaborate book describing Arizona 
 was published posthumously: God's Country, 
 Cincinnati, 1910. 
 
 MITCHELL, MILDRED WILLEY (Jan. 9, 
 1898- ), born in Freeville, N. Y., grad- 
 uated from Oberlin College in 1918 and lived 
 in Ohio for more than twenty years before 
 moving to California. She now lives in San 
 Jose. She has published a volume of verse: 
 Obbligato, Boston, [1941]. 
 
 MITCHELL, STEWART (Nov. 25, 1892- 
 Nov. 3, 1957), was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County. He graduated from Harvard 
 University (A.B. 1915; Ph.D., 1933). He 
 was managing editor of the Dial, 1919-20, 
 and of the New England Quarterly, 1928— 
 37. He was editor of Massachusetts Histori- 
 cal Society, 1929-39, and in 1947 he be- 
 came its director. He published Poems, New 
 York, 1921, and a biography: Horatio Sey- 
 mour of New York, Cambridge, Mass., 
 1938. WWW 3 
 
 MITCHELL, THOMAS DUCHE (1791-May 
 13, 1865), physician, born in Philadelphia, 
 was on the faculty of the Medical Col- 
 lege of Ohio from 1831 to 1837. Author of 
 a materia medica and numerous medical 
 books and lectures, he published a pamphlet 
 while in Ohio: Hints on the Connexion of 
 Labour with Study . . . , Cincinnati, 1832. 
 
 MLAKAR, FRANK (May 15, 1913- ), was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, of 
 Slovenian parents. He attended Collinwood 
 High School, lived in New York for a time, 
 and served as a medical sergeant in World 
 War II. He married an Australian girl and 
 has divided his time between New York and 
 Melbourne. In his first novel, he recounts 
 the sufferings of a Slovenian immigrant who 
 comes to Cuyahoga City (Cleveland): He, 
 the Father, New York, [1950]. 
 
 MOERLEIN, GEORGE (June 8, 1852-Aug. 
 31, 1891), brewer, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from high 
 school in 1869, after which he studied brew- 
 ing in Bavaria, and in 1872 he joined his 
 father's brewery. His book, which is an ac- 
 count of a trip around the world with two 
 friends in 1881, was published simultane- 
 ously in German. 
 
 A Trip around the World, Cincinnati, 
 [1886]. 
 
451 
 
 Monroe 
 
 MOFFAT, JAMES CLEMENT (May 30, 
 1811-June 7, 1890), Presbyterian minister 
 and educator, was professor of Latin and 
 esthetics at Miami University from 1841 to 
 1852. In 1853 he joined the Princeton fac- 
 ulty. Besides lectures and sermons published 
 during his stay in Ohio he published A 
 Rhyme of the North Country in 1847. His 
 best-known poetic effort, Alwyn: A Ro- 
 mance of Study, [New York, 1875], traces 
 the spiritual struggles of its main character. 
 
 MOFFAT, JAMES DAVID (March 15, 1846- 
 March 15, 1916), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in New Lisbon, Columbiana 
 County. He graduated from Washington and 
 Jefferson College, Washington, Pa., in 1869 
 and was licensed to preach in 1871. He be- 
 came co-pastor with his father of a Presby- 
 terian church in Wheeling, W. Va., in 1872 
 and three years later succeeded his father 
 as pastor. He was named president of his 
 alma mater in 1881 and served until 1914. 
 Historical Sketch of Washington and Jeffer- 
 son College, Washington, Pa., 1890. 
 
 MOLEY, RAYMOND (Sept. 27, 1886- ), 
 educator and journalist, was born in Berea, 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Baldwin-Wallace College in 1906, was su- 
 perintendent of schools at Olmsted Falls, 
 1906-10, taught in Cleveland West High 
 School, 1912-14, and Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, 1916-19. He received his Ph.D. 
 from Columbia University in 1918. He was 
 director of the Cleveland Foundation, 
 1919-23. He served on the Columbia Uni- 
 versity faculty, 1923-54, and has been a 
 contributing editor to Newsweek since 
 1937. Appointed an assistant secretary of 
 state in 1933, he was one of the original 
 advisers to President Roosevelt, popularly 
 known as the Brain Trust. His best-known 
 book is his account of his rapid disillusion- 
 ment with most of the policies of the early 
 New Deal: After Seven Years, New York, 
 1939. WW 30 
 
 MONA, VIVA. Pseud. See Peter F. Reed. 
 
 MONETTE, JOHN WESLEY (April 3, 1803- 
 March 1, 1851), physician, was born near 
 Chillicothe, Ross County. After attending 
 Chillicothe schools, he graduated from Ken- 
 tucky Medical College in 1822. In the late 
 1830s, he moved to Washington, Miss., 
 where he became active in local and state 
 politics. The discerning bookman, J. Chris- 
 tian Bay, has declared his History of the 
 Discovery and Settlement of the Valley of 
 the Mississippi to be "the best general de- 
 
 scriptive history of American culture and 
 
 progress in the middle west." 
 
 Observations on the Epidemic Yellow Fever 
 of Natchez, and of the South-west, Louis- 
 ville, Ky., 1842. 
 
 History of the Discovery and Settlement of 
 the Valley of the Mississippi . . . , 2 vols., 
 New York, 1846. 
 
 MONFORT, FRANCIS CASS ATT (Sept. 1, 
 1844-Sept. 30, 1928), clergyman, was born 
 in Greensburg, Ind. After graduating from 
 Wabash College in 1864, he studied at Mc- 
 Cormick Theological Seminary and Lane 
 Seminary and was ordained to the Presby- 
 terian ministry in 1870. His father, Joseph 
 Glass Monfort (q.v. ), began editing the 
 Presbyter in Cincinnati in 1855; and in 
 1869 he changed its name to the Herald 
 and Presbyter. Francis served at Fourth 
 Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati, 1869-73, 
 resigned to assume the editorship of the 
 Herald and Presbyter, and was pastor of 
 First Church, Cincinnati, 1879-88, while 
 continuing his editorial duties. He published 
 sermons in addition to the titles below. 
 Socialism and City Evangelization, Cincin- 
 nati, 1887. 
 The Law of Appeals, 1893. 
 Ecclesiastical Discipline, 1900. 
 Applied Theology, Cincinnati, [1904]. 
 
 MONFORT, JOSEPH GLASS (Dec. 9, 1810- 
 Feb. 1, 1906), clergyman and publisher, 
 was born in Warren County. He graduated 
 from Miami University in 1834 and was 
 licensed to preach by the Presbyterian 
 church in 1837. He served various pas- 
 torates and edited Presbyterian of the West, 
 which he renamed the Presbyter and later 
 thf Herald and Presbyter. He settled in 
 Cincinnati and established a publishing 
 house, Monfort & Co., which published the 
 magazine. 
 
 First Presbyterian Church in Walnut Hills, 
 1819-1888 . . . , Cincinnati, 1888. 
 
 MONNETTE, ORRA EUGENE (April 12, 
 1873-Feb. 23, 1936), banker and lawyer, 
 was born near Bucyrus, Crawford County. 
 After attending Ohio Wesleyan University, 
 he read law and practiced in Bucyrus, To- 
 ledo, and Los Angeles. He also founded 
 a bank in Los Angeles. Besides genealogical 
 and historical works, his writings include a 
 book of poems: Red Shining Star, [Los An- 
 geles, 1927]. WWW 1 
 
 MONROE, JAMES (July 18, 1821-July 6, 
 1898), educator and legislator, was born in 
 Plainfield, Conn., of Quaker parents. At the 
 age of fourteen he was teaching school. He 
 
Monteith 
 
 452 
 
 was persuaded by William Lloyd Garrison 
 to lecture against slavery. He graduated 
 from Oberlin College in 1846 and the sem- 
 inary in 1849, and served on the faculty, 
 1849-62. He was a member of the state 
 assembly, 1855-60, and the state senate, 
 1860-62, was U. S. consul at Rio de Ja- 
 neiro, 1863-69, and served in the U. S. 
 House of Representatives, 1871-81. From 
 1883 to 1896 he was again on the Oberlin 
 faculty. Besides the title below, several of 
 his speeches in Congress were published. 
 Oberlin Thursday Lectures, Addresses and 
 Essays, Oberlin, 1897. 
 
 MONTEITH, JOHN (Jan. 31, 1833-May 4, 
 1918), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Elyria, Lorain County. After graduating 
 from Yale University in 1856, he was or- 
 dained to the Congregational ministry. He 
 served a church in Cleveland and others 
 in Connecticut, Michigan, and Missouri. 
 After retiring from the ministry because of 
 ill health, he was in educational work in 
 Missouri and California and later conducted 
 a private school for girls in South Orange, 
 N. J. Besides the novel below, he published 
 a number of textbooks in natural history 
 and geography. 
 Parson Brooks . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 1884. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, HELEN BARRETT (July 
 31, 1861-Oct. 18, 1934), minister and 
 lecturer, was born in Kingsville, Ashtabula 
 County. She graduated from Wellesley 
 College in 1884 and was licensed as a Bap- 
 tist minister in 1892. She was president of 
 the American Baptist Foreign Missions So- 
 ciety, 1913-24. She lectured on foreign 
 missions, also the subject of her books, e.g., 
 The Bible and Missions, West Medford, 
 Mass., [1920]. WWW 1 
 
 MONTGOMERY, MARCUS WHITMAN 
 
 (June 21, 1839-Feb. 6, 1894), clergyman, 
 born in Prattsburg, N. Y., and reared in 
 Indiana, spent about six years in business 
 in Cleveland in the 1870s. He afterward at- 
 tended Yale Theological Seminary and be- 
 came a Congregational minister in Fort 
 Scott, Kan. Among other books he wrote a 
 work intended to discourage Scandinavian 
 converts to the Mormon faith; Mormon 
 Delusion . . . , Boston, [1890]. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, RENA WINTER (Oct. 24, 
 1900- ), was born in Zanesville, Muskin- 
 gum County. She was privately educated, 
 specializing in languages. She now lives at 
 Nashport. Her poems have appeared in 
 many periodicals, and she has published a 
 collection: Windblown, Columbus, [1942]. 
 
 MONTGOMERY, RICHMOND AMES (July 
 16, 1870-July 16, 1950), Presbyterian cler- 
 gyman and educator, born in Hendricks 
 County, Ind., served in Ohio at three differ- 
 ent times: as a pastor in Edgerton, 1896- 
 98, and Xenia, 1904-09, and as president of 
 Lane Seminary, 1926-32. He wrote Realitv 
 in Religion . . . , New York, [1941]. WWW 3 
 
 MONTGOMERY, THOMAS (June 16, 1837- 
 July 13, 1907), was born in Lynchburg, 
 Highland County, and spent his life in that 
 community. He served in the 48th O.V.I, as 
 a captain, Oct., 1861-Jan., 1865. With John 
 Bering (q.v.), also of Lynchburg, a major 
 in the 48th, he wrote the regimental history 
 listed below. 
 
 History of the Forty-eighth Ohio Veteran 
 Volunteer Infantry . . . , Hillsboro, 1880. 
 
 MOODY, GRANVILLE (Jan. 2, 1812-June 
 4, 1887), clergyman, born in Portland, 
 Maine, grew up in Baltimore, Md., where 
 his parents moved when he was four years 
 old. In 1831 he came to Norwich, Muskin- 
 gum County, where his elder brother was a 
 merchant. Here he was converted to Meth- 
 odism, and in 1833 he was licensed to 
 preach. After serving on the Miami Circuit 
 and in various pastorates, he was appointed 
 to a church in Cincinnati in 1860. In 1861, 
 after receiving the sanction of his congre- 
 gation, he accepted command of the 74th 
 O.V.I. He served with distinction until 
 1863, when he resigned because of illness 
 and returned to the ministry. He retired in 
 
 1882. His autobiography was edited by Syl- 
 vester Weeks. 
 
 A Life's Retrospect . . . , Cincinnati, 1890. 
 
 MOODY, HELEN WATTERSON (May 17, 
 1860-Dec. 14, 1928), journalist, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. After 
 graduating from University of Wooster in 
 
 1883, she worked in Cleveland on the 
 Leader and the Sun. She then taught at 
 Wooster for four years. In 1889 she joined 
 the staff of the New York Evening Sun. In 
 1891 she married Winfield S. Moody, a 
 journalist. 
 
 The Unquiet Sex, New York, 1898. 
 A Child's Letters to Her Husband, New 
 York, 1903. 
 
 MOODY, MINNIE HITE (June 23, 1900- 
 ), was born in Granville, Licking County, 
 where, in her childhood, she lived in the 
 home of her maternal grandfather, George 
 Washington Evans, whose great-grandfather, 
 a gentleman from Wales, had settled in the 
 hills to the north of the village site even 
 before the determined little band of New 
 
453 
 
 Mooney 
 
 England pioneers set out from Granville, 
 Mass., in 1805 to make the long journey by 
 covered wagon into the Ohio country. Mrs. 
 Moody's memories cling to her old Ohio 
 home, and in the years of her maturity she 
 has returned frequently to Granville for 
 summer "vacations," during which she has 
 worked strenuously at her writing. One of 
 her novels, Towers with Ivy (1937), has its 
 setting in this little college town. In due 
 time she graduated from Granville High 
 School, but her heart was not in formal 
 education, and shortly after graduation 
 she was married during World War I to 
 Lt. Wilkie Osgood Moody, who had been 
 a student at Denison University in Gran- 
 ville prior to war service. Mrs. Moody's 
 marriage and the birth of two daughters — 
 Elizabeth, born in 1919 at Newark, and 
 Mary Louise, born at Altoona, Pa., in 
 1921 — interfered with but did not stop her 
 writing. This urge to express herself was 
 too deeply implanted, too much a part of 
 her very life, to be easily thwarted. As a 
 matter of fact, her creative writing started 
 almost as soon as she could write at all. 
 She says: "I cannot remember when writ- 
 ing or planning something I wanted to 
 write was not part of my consciousness." 
 While still of school age she began send- 
 ing her stories to magazine editors. She 
 won prizes and kept on writing. She wrote 
 for the "Children's Page" in magazines like 
 St. Nicholas and Little Folks. After her 
 marriage, in moments of leisure at the 
 camps where her husband was stationed, 
 she wrote for confession magazines. Even- 
 tually she settled with her family in At- 
 lanta, Ga., where Mr. Moody became coach 
 and athletic director in the Atlanta city 
 schools and where they have lived ever 
 since. Perhaps some explanation of Mrs. 
 Moody's success as a writer may be found 
 in her advice to ambitious young novelists, 
 "Never pay any attention to interfering fac- 
 tors or forces," and in her comment on 
 her own writing habits: "I work all day 
 every day — and when I am not writing I 
 am thinking about what I am going to 
 write next." As a novelist, Mrs. Moody has 
 published Once Again in Chicago (1933), 
 the Indian summer romance of Henry and 
 Mattie, who renew at the Century of 
 Progress Exposition a love begun forty years 
 before at the World's Fair; Death Is a Little 
 Man (1936), the story of Eenie Weaver 
 and her patient, courageous, and often 
 noble struggle to overcome and surmount 
 the difficulties of living with a worthless 
 husband in "The Bottom," a Negro sec- 
 tion of Atlanta; Towers with Ivy (1937), 
 an atmospheric tale of an Ohio college 
 
 town, the college a composite of sev- 
 eral Ohio colleges, and the town, Granville; 
 Old Home Week (1938), an unpretentious 
 account of a typically American celebration 
 in Prairieville, involving the extraordinary 
 experiences of an ordinary American fam- 
 ily; and Long Meadows (1941), Mrs. 
 Moody's most ambitious book, an elaborate 
 historical-genealogical novel, based on the 
 records and legends of her own ancestors, 
 telling effectively in the experiences of the 
 Heydts the history of the American expe- 
 rience from pioneer days to the close of the 
 Civil War. In gathering the material which 
 furnished the background for this story, 
 Mrs. Moody consulted historical docu- 
 ments, old letters, diaries, and journals; ran- 
 sacked old courthouses in Virginia, Ken- 
 tucky, Ohio, and other states; and traveled 
 thousands of miles in locating places and 
 scenes. She went over Boone's Wilderness 
 Road and through Cumberland Gap exactly 
 forty-two times! "My children," she says, 
 "insist they have been reared in cemeteries 
 and the dusty crypts of courthouses, where 
 I was researching in genealogy, and in the 
 ruins of tumbling forts." In book reviews 
 for the Atlanta Journal and other papers 
 and magazines, Mrs. Moody has shown 
 judgment and taste in evaluating the work 
 of others. Her poems, clear, simple, and 
 homey, have appeared in various periodi- 
 cals. She conducted a column in the Jour- 
 nal from 1938 to 1942. Minnie Hite Moody 
 lives at Mistletoe Hill, Dunwoody, Ga., 
 where amid the wild woodlands she cul- 
 tivates her love of birds and trees and flow- 
 ers and works at her chosen task of writing. 
 
 J. L. King 
 
 MOON, CARL (Oct. 5, 1879-June 24, 1948), 
 artist and writer, was born in Wilmington, 
 Clinton County. After 1904 he lived in the 
 Southwest and in California, where he 
 photographed, painted, and wrote about 
 Indians. Besides illustrating books by his 
 wife, Grace Moon, he wrote a number of 
 books, e.g., The Flaming Arrow, New York, 
 1927. WWW 2 
 
 MOON, HENRY LEE (July 20, 1901- ), 
 was born in Pendleton, S. C. He attended 
 Cleveland public schools and graduated 
 from Ohio State University in 1924. After 
 working on the Cleveland Herald, 1925-26, 
 he became director of publicity at Tuskegee 
 Institute. He is now director of public rela- 
 tions for the N.A.A.C.P. in New York City. 
 He has written Balance of Power: The 
 Negro Vote, New York, 1948. 
 
 MOONEY, JAMES DAVID (Feb. 18, 1884- 
 Sept. 21, 1957), industrialist, was born in 
 
Moore, A. B. 
 
 454 
 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. After study- 
 ing engineering at New York University and 
 Case Institute of Technology, he was with 
 General Motors, rising to a vice presidency, 
 and with Willys-Overland Motors, Toledo, 
 from which he retired in 1949 as president 
 and chairman of the board. He served in the 
 army in World War I and in the navy in 
 World War II. His home after his retire- 
 ment was Oyster Bay, N. Y. His writings on 
 business and economic subjects include The 
 New Capitalism, New York, 1934. WWW 3 
 
 MOORE, AMBROSE B. (Nov. 4, 1861-Dec. 
 16, 1933), clergyman, was born in Holmes 
 County. A clergyman in the Disciples of 
 Christ Church, he served pastorates in Al- 
 liance, Findlay, Toledo, and Ashtabula. He 
 also lived in Macon, Ga., and St. Louis, 
 Mo., for a number of years. He died in 
 Alliance. Besides the pamphlet below, he 
 edited a book of Bible readings. 
 How to Use the Sword, Mansfield, 1895. 
 
 MOORE, DAVID HASTINGS (Sept. 4, 1838- 
 Nov. 23, 1915), clergyman, was born in 
 Athens County. He graduated from Ohio 
 University in 1860 and was ordained to 
 the Methodist ministry in the same year. 
 He served with the 125th O.V.I, during the 
 Civil War and afterward held pastorates in 
 Columbus and Cincinnati. He was presi- 
 dent of Cincinnati Wesleyan College, 1875- 
 80, and Colorado Seminary, 1888-89. He 
 was elected bishop in 1900. He wrote John 
 Morgan Walden, Thirty-fifth Bishop of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church . . . , New 
 York, [1915]. WWW 1 
 
 MOORE, DAVID WILLIAM (1895-May 9, 
 1954), born in Highland County, lived in 
 Cincinnati until 1935, while engaged in the 
 advertising business. He also wrote fiction 
 for a number of national magazines. In 
 1935 he moved to Bradenton, Fla., where 
 he died of a heart attack in 1954. He pub- 
 lished several books for boys, e.g., Scoot 
 McKay, Philadelphia, [1939]. 
 
 MOORE, EDWARD CALDWELL (Sept. 1, 
 1857-March 26, 1943), clergyman and ed- 
 ucator, born in West Chester, Pa., younger 
 brother of George F. Moore (q.v. ), spent 
 a part of his boyhood in Columbus and 
 graduated from Marietta College in 1877. 
 A member of the Harvard University fac- 
 ulty, he published addresses, textbooks, and 
 several books on religious themes, e.g.. The 
 Nature of Religion, New York, 1936. WWW 
 2 
 
 MOORE, EDWARD E. (March 12, 1866- 
 Oct. 23, 1940), journalist, was born on a 
 
 farm in Lawrence County. He attended dis- 
 trict schools and National Normal Univer- 
 sity, Lebanon. After teaching in Ohio 
 schools for five years, he and his brother 
 Elbert established the College Corner 
 Chronicle. After publishing the newspaper 
 from 1890 to 1898, they moved to Conners- 
 ville, Ind. Approximately the last thirty 
 years of his life were spent in Los Angeles. 
 He published three books, e.g., A Century 
 of Indiana, New York, [1910]. IATB 
 
 MOORE, ERNEST CARROLL (July 20, 
 
 1871-Jan. 23, 1955), educator, was born 
 in Youngstown, Mahoning County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Normal University in 
 1892 and the University of Chicago (Ph.D.) 
 in 1898. He served in the education depart- 
 ment of several universities, his longest 
 tenure being at the University of Califor- 
 nia at Los Angeles, 1919—41. He was prov- 
 ost and vice president, 1927-36. He wrote 
 many articles and books on education, e.g., 
 Fifty Years of American Education . . . , 
 Boston, [1917]. WWW 3 
 
 MOORE, GEORGE FOOT (Oct. 15, 1851- 
 May 16, 1931), clergyman and educator, 
 born in West Chester, Pa., elder brother of 
 Edward C. Moore (q.v.), graduated from 
 Yale University in 1872 and Union Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1877. He was ordained 
 to the Presbyterian ministry in Columbus 
 in 1878 and served as a minister in Zanes- 
 ville, 1878-83. He afterward served on the 
 faculty of Andover Theological Seminary, 
 1883-1901, and Harvard University, 1902- 
 28. An authority on Judaism and on Greek 
 philosophy, he published a number of sig- 
 nificant works, e.g., History of Religions, 2 
 vols., New York, 1913-19. DAB 13 
 
 MOORE, JARED SPARKS (Sept. 29, 1879- 
 April 10, 1951), educator, born in Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., was a member of the 
 philosophy department, Western Reserve 
 University, 1907-50. He published a psy- 
 chology textbook and a philosophical trea- 
 tise: Rifts in the Universe . . . , New Ha- 
 ven, 1927. WWW 3 
 
 MOORE, OLIN HARRIS (1885- ), edu- 
 cator, born in Mt. Airy, N. C, was profes- 
 sor of romance languages at Ohio State 
 University, 1920-55, and since his retire- 
 ment has continued to live in Columbus. 
 He has written a number of French text- 
 books and other works, e.g., The Young 
 King, Henry Plantagenet . . . , Columbus, 
 [1925]. WW 30 
 
 MOORE, OPHA (Aug. 18, 1867- ), was 
 born in Parkersburg, W. Va. His father, a 
 
455 
 
 More, E. A. 
 
 United Brethren minister, served various 
 churches in Ohio. He entered Otterbein 
 College in 1883 and attended for three 
 years. He was a reporter on the Columbus 
 Times, worked for the Columbus Buggy 
 Company, and held administrative posts 
 under four Republican governors. He wrote 
 numerous articles for magazines and news- 
 papers and History of Franklin County, 
 Ohio, 3 vols., Topeka, [Kan.], 1930. 
 
 MOORE, ROBERT BRADEN (Sept. 13, 
 1835-May 17, 1906), clergyman, born in 
 Westmoreland County, Pa., was ordained to 
 the Presbyterian ministry in 1860 after 
 graduating from Western Theological Sem- 
 inary. He served churches in Tiffin. 1867— 
 72, and Upper Sandusky, 1873-76, and 
 afterward was a missionary and an evangel- 
 ist. He died in Vineland, N. J. 
 History of Huron Presbytery . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1892. 
 
 MOORE, THOMAS EMMETT (March 1, 
 1861-March 30, 1950), journalist, was born 
 in Piketon, Pike County. After attending 
 the public schools of Jackson, he read law 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1881. He 
 practiced for several years and then became 
 managing editor of the Jackson Sun and 
 later of the Jackson Herald and the Wells- 
 ton Daily Sentinel. On these small papers 
 his editorial work attracted wide attention. 
 Writing in the Washington Post, Willard 
 Holcomb said: "Once in a while one runs 
 across a country editor with a highly orig- 
 inal streak. Such a man is Thomas Emmett 
 Moore. The fame of this editor's papers is 
 due to his personality. He talks with a 
 drawl that rivals Mark Twain's. Whether 
 this is an indication or a concomitant of 
 humor, may be a matter of conjecture, but 
 certainly Mr. Moore shows in his work 
 plenty of humor." He was on the Dayton 
 Journal, 1912-20, and was chief editorial 
 writer with the Cincinnati Enquirer, 1920- 
 45. He died in Cincinnati. He published at 
 least three novels, e.g., The Haunted King, 
 Boston, 1910. 
 
 MOORE, WILLIAM THOMAS (Aug. 27, 
 1832-Sept. 7, 1926), clergyman, was born 
 in Henry County, Ky. A leader in the Dis- 
 ciples of Christ Church, he served as a 
 pastor in Cincinnati, 1867-78, and later 
 served as a missionary in England and as 
 an educator in Missouri. After his retire- 
 ment in 1909, he lived in Florida. He edited 
 two collections of sermons and wrote a his- 
 tory of the Disciples of Christ and a num- 
 ber of other books, e.g., The Life of Tim- 
 othy Coop . . . , Cincinnati, [1889]. 
 
 MOOREHEAD, WARREN KING (March 
 10, 1866-Jan. 5, 1939), archaeologist, son of 
 William G. Moorehead (q.v.), was born in 
 Siena, Italy. He attended Denison University 
 and also spent four years studying the Ohio 
 mounds. He later taught for 31 years at 
 Phillips Academy, Exeter, Mass., and also 
 conducted expeditions to various parts of the 
 United States. A prolific writer on the In- 
 dian, prehistoric man, and archaeology, he 
 wrote his first book on an Ohio subject: 
 Fort Ancient . . . , Cincinnati, 1890. 
 
 MOOREHEAD, WILLIAM GALLOGLY 
 
 (March 19, 1836-March 1, 1914), clergy- 
 man and educator, was born in Rix Mills, 
 Muskingum County. After graduating from 
 Muskingum College in 1858, he studied at 
 Allegheny and Xenia Seminaries and was 
 licensed to preach in 1861. He served as a 
 Presbyterian missionary in Italy, 1862-69, 
 and was pastor of First Church, Xenia, 
 1870-75. He began teaching at Xenia Sem- 
 inary in 1873, became president in 1899, 
 and remained a member of the faculty un- 
 til his death. 
 
 Studies in the Mosaic Institutions, Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa., 1896. 
 Studies in the Four Gospels, Philadelphia, 
 
 1900. 
 Outline Studies in the New Testament . . . , 
 
 New York, [1905]. 
 Studies in the Book of Revelation, Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa., [1908]. 
 
 MOOS, HERMAN (1836-Jan. 28, 1894), 
 journalist and lawyer, was born in Hechin- 
 gen, Germany. In 1839 his parents came to 
 the United States and settled in Knoxville, 
 Tenn. He was raised in Knoxville and be- 
 came a merchant in business with his fa- 
 ther. After the Civil War he came to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he bought an interest in the 
 American Israelite, which he edited for 
 several years, and also published the Lit- 
 erary Eclectic. He founded several success- 
 ful businesses and eventually drifted into 
 the practice of law. At the time of his 
 death he was generally recognized as one 
 of the most distinguished members of the 
 Cincinnati bar. 
 Mortara; Or, the Pope and His Inquisitors. 
 
 A Drama . . . , Cincinnati, 1860. 
 Hannah; Or, a Glimpse of Paradise. A Tale 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, [1868]. 
 
 MORE, ENOCH ANSON (April 11, 1854- 
 June 2, 1932), brother of James B. More 
 (q.v.), was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 County. He attended Dayton public schools, 
 but spent much of his life in Colorado. His 
 death occurred in Denver. 
 
More, J. B. 
 
 456 
 
 Let It Burn, St. Paul, [1892]. 
 Out of the Past, Boston, 1895. 
 A Captain of Men, Boston, 1905. 
 A Vision of Empire, Boston, [1915]. 
 
 phlets and books, including an autobio- 
 graphical volume: My World, Yellow 
 Springs, 1927, and a biography: Edward 
 Bellamy, New York, 1944. WW 30 
 
 MORE, JAMES BROOKES (March 29, 1859- 
 June 9, 1942), publisher and poet, was born 
 in Dayton, Montgomery County. He was 
 the younger brother of Enoch A. More 
 (q.v.). He lived in Massachusetts. He wrote 
 Sweet Maggie McGee-Red Cross Nurse. 
 Ovid's Metamorphoses-1, Boston, 1923. 
 WWW 2 
 
 MORE, LOUIS TRENCHARD (April 9, 
 1870-Jan. 16, 1944), educator, born in St. 
 Louis, Mo., brother of Paul Elmer More, 
 was on the faculty of University of Cincin- 
 nati, 1900-40, serving as dean of the Grad- 
 uate School, 1916-40. He published several 
 books on science and scientists, e.g., Isaac 
 Newton, a Biography, New York, 1934. 
 WWW 2 
 
 MOREHEAD, LAVINIA MURDOCH ESPY 
 
 (1818-July 15, 1900), was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County. She married Henry 
 T. Morehead of Kentucky and afterward 
 lived in that state. 
 Christmas Is Coming, and Other Poems 
 
 . . . , Philadelphia, 1871. 
 Autumn Leaves Gathered for a Few 
 
 Friends, New York, [1883]. 
 A Few Incidents in the Life of Professor 
 
 James P. Espy, by His Niece, Cincinnati, 
 
 1888. 
 
 MORGAN, ANNE EUGENIA FELICIA (Oct. 
 
 3, 1845-Dec. 23, 1909), educator, was born 
 in Oberlin, Lorain County, the daughter of 
 an Oberlin College professor. After grad- 
 uating from Oberlin in 1866, she studied 
 philosophy in Germany for two years. She 
 taught briefly at Oberlin and at Vassar Col- 
 lege and was on the faculty of Wellesley 
 College, 1878-1900. At the time of her 
 death, she was living in Saratoga, Calif. 
 The White Lady, 1886. 
 
 Philosophical Studies in Literature, Cam- 
 bridge, [Mass.], 1889. 
 
 MORGAN, ARTHUR ERNEST (June 20, 
 1878- ), civil engineer and educator, 
 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 After working as an engineer on various 
 Federal, state, and private projects, he be- 
 came president of Antioch College in 1920. 
 He introduced the work-study plan and did 
 much to revitalize the academic life of the 
 school. He was director of T.V.A., 1933- 
 38. He has published a number of pam- 
 
 MORGAN, FLORENCE HOWER (Mrs. Ed- 
 mund N.) (July 25, 1853-Jan. 11, 1941), 
 was born in Burbank, Wayne County. Be- 
 sides the book listed below, she compiled 
 a book of poems: Verses Written in Paris 
 by Various Members of a Group of "Intel- 
 lectuals," Cleveland, 1901. She died in 
 Cleveland at the home of a daughter. 
 Though the Gods and the Years Relent 
 . . . , New York, [1894]. 
 
 MORGAN, LIBBIE S. CROWELL (July 24, 
 1840-Dec. 19, 1886), was born in Bloom- 
 field Township, Trumbull County, where 
 she spent her girlhood. She lived a few 
 years in Cleveland but spent most of her 
 adult life in Corning, Iowa. A collection of 
 her verse was published posthumously. 
 Poems, Cincinnati, 1888. 
 
 MORGAN, LUCY GRISCOM (April 4, 1877- 
 ), born in Woodbury, N. J., has lived 
 in Ohio since 1915. A graduate of the 
 University of Pennsylvania, she taught for 
 three years at Wellesley College and for six 
 years at Antioch College. She married Ar- 
 thur E. Morgan (q.v.) on July 6, 1911. Be- 
 sides an account of Glen Helen and one of 
 Antioch College, she has written Finding 
 His World; The Story of Arthur E. Morgan, 
 Yellow Springs, 1927. 
 
 MORGAN, THOMAS B. (1886- ), jour- 
 nalist, was born in Tiltonsville, Jefferson 
 County, and grew up in Steubenville. He at- 
 tended the University of Pittsburgh and 
 worked on several Pittsburgh newspapers. 
 For eighteen years he was Associated Press 
 correspondent in Rome and the Vatican. He 
 has written several books on the Catholic 
 Church and an account of his own expe- 
 riences : A Reporter at the Papal Court . . . , 
 New York, 1937. 
 
 MORGAN, VIOLET (Nov. 15, 1898- ), 
 educator and historian, was born in Hills- 
 boro, Highland County. She graduated from 
 Wilmington College and has taught in 
 schools near Hillsboro, including Samantha 
 and Mowrystown. She has spoken before 
 many groups on the folklore of southern 
 Ohio and has written numerous feature 
 stories for various newspapers on the same 
 subject. She has also written a historical 
 novel, Squaw Winter, and Folklore of High- 
 land County, Greenfield, 1946. 
 
 
457 
 
 Morris, C. 
 
 MORGAN, WILLIAM YOAST (April 6, 
 1866-Feb. 17, 1932), journalist, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, but spent 
 the greater part of his life in Kansas, where 
 he owned and edited the Hutchinson News 
 and Herald. His books, which were origi- 
 nally written as letters for his newspaper, 
 include A Journey of a Jayhawker, Topeka, 
 1905. WWW 1 
 
 MORGENSTERN, JULIAN (March 18, 
 
 1881- ), rabbi and educator, born in 
 St. Francisville. 111., graduated from the 
 University of Cincinnati in 1901 and He- 
 brew Union College in 1902. He began 
 teaching at Hebrew Union College in 1907, 
 became president in 1922. and retired in 
 1947. He wrote a number of studies of 
 Jewish history and religion, e.g., A Jewish 
 Interpretation of the Book of Genesis, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1919. WW 26 
 
 MORI ARTY, HELEN LOUISE (c.l872-Nov. 
 11, 1928), was born in Madison County, 
 but spent most of her life in Columbus. A 
 graduate of St. Joseph"s Academy, she 
 wrote for American Magazine and Rosary 
 Magazine and was on the staff of the Cath- 
 olic Columbian. 
 Idle Rhymes, Cincinnati, 1895. 
 The Hill People . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 1925. 
 
 MORRILL, RELLE CHAPMAN (Dec. 15, 
 
 1882- ), librarian, was born in Ames- 
 bury, Mass. A graduate of Mount Holyoke 
 College and Hartford Seminary, she was 
 librarian in Girard, Trumbull County, 
 1929^3. She now lives in Rochester, N. Y. 
 Her poems and short stories have appeared 
 in various religious periodicals, and she has 
 published several collections of verse, e.g., 
 Blue Platter, Rochester, N. Y., 1945. 
 
 MORRILL, LILY LOGAN (1877-March 23, 
 1944), born in Richmond, Va., lived in 
 Cincinnati after her marriage in 1905 to 
 Albert H. Morrill, lawyer and chain-store 
 executive. She published at least three 
 books on the South and the Civil War, e.g., 
 Virginia's War, Philadelphia, [1935]. 
 
 MORRILL, MILO TRUE (May 13, 1865- 
 June 22, 1921), clergyman, was born in 
 North Washington, Iowa. After graduating 
 from Carleton College in 1894, he was or- 
 dained to the ministry of the Christian 
 Church. He served churches in New Eng- 
 land until 1906, when he was appointed 
 Secretary of Foreign Missions: from this 
 time he edited the Christian Missionary in 
 Dayton. He began lecturing on missions at 
 
 Defiance College in 1908 and joined the 
 regular faculty in 1919. His death occurred 
 at Defiance. He wrote A History of the 
 Christian Denomination . . . , Dayton, 1912. 
 OBB 
 
 MORRIS, ALVIN MARION (Dec. 11, 1861- 
 Jan. 9. 1940), clergyman, was born near 
 New Vienna, Clinton County. He was a 
 minister in the Church of Christ for fifty 
 years. In his later life he was a resident of 
 Long Beach, Calif., but he died in Kansas 
 City, Mo., where he was conducting a 
 Bible study course. His writings include 
 The Prophecies Unveiled . . . , Winfield, 
 Kan.. 1914. 
 
 MORRIS, CHARLES EUGENE (May 21, 
 1884- ), journalist, was born in Wa- 
 pakoneta, Auglaize County. He worked on 
 newspapers in Wapakoneta, Toledo, Spring- 
 field, Columbus, and other Ohio cities. 
 Since 1956 he has been assistant editor of 
 St. Louis Medicine. From 1916 to 1920 he 
 was secretary to Governor Cox, and out of 
 this experience published Progressive Democ- 
 racy of James M. Cox, Indianapolis, 1920. 
 
 MORRIS, CLARA (March 17, 1848-Nov. 
 20, 1925), actress, was born in Toronto, 
 Ontario, Canada. Although some sources 
 give Cleveland as her birthplace, she ap- 
 parently was born in Canada but grew up 
 in Cleveland. Her mother, wife of a 
 French-Canadian cab driver, discovered 
 that he had married her bigamously and 
 fled to Cleveland. Here Clara began acting 
 in 1862 as an extra at the Cleveland Acad- 
 emy of Music. In 1869 she played at 
 Wood's Theatre, Cincinnati, and the next 
 year she was playing in New York. In 1874 
 she married Frederick C. Harriott. In the 
 last quarter of the nineteenth century, she 
 was probably the best-known American 
 actress. After her retirement from the 
 stage, she lived in Riverdale, N. Y.; and in 
 her old age when in need of funds she 
 turned to writing for a livelihood. 
 Little "Jim Crow," and Other Stories of 
 
 Children, New York, 1899. 
 A Silent Singer, New York, 1899. 
 Life on the Stage; My Personal Experience 
 
 and Recollections, New York, 1901. 
 A Pasteboard Crown . . . , New York, 
 
 1902. 
 Stage Confidences . . . , Boston, [1902]. 
 Left in Charge, New York, [1904]. 
 The Trouble Woman, New York. 1904. 
 The Life of a Star, New York, 1906. 
 The New "East Lynne" . . . An Entirely 
 
 New and Original Novel, [New York, 
 
 1908]. 
 
Morris, E. D. 
 
 458 
 
 MORRIS, EDWARD DAFYDD (Oct. 31, 
 1825-Nov. 21, 1915), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Utica, N. Y. He grad- 
 uated from Yale University in 1849 and 
 Auburn Theological Seminary in 1852. Or- 
 dained to the Presbyterian ministry, he 
 served churches in Auburn, 1852-55, and 
 Columbus, 1855-67, and taught at Lane 
 Seminary, Cincinnati, 1867-97. After his 
 retirement he lived in Columbus. Besides 
 the titles below, he published theology text- 
 books, sermons, and readings from the 
 Bible. 
 Outlines of Christian Doctrine, Cincinnati, 
 
 1880. 
 Ecclesiology . . . , New York, 1885. 
 Is There Salvation after Death? . . . , New 
 
 York, [1887]. 
 A Calm Review of the Inaugural Address 
 
 of Prof. Charles A. Briggs, New York, 
 
 [1891]. 
 Thirty Years in Lane . . . , [Cincinnati, 
 
 1896]. 
 The Theology of the Westminster Sym- 
 bols . . . , Columbus, 1900. 
 A Book of Remembrance. The Presbyterian 
 
 Church, New School . . . , Columbus, 
 
 1905. 
 
 MORRIS, JOSEPH A. (June 23, 1804-Sept. 
 6, 1899), was born in Burlington County, 
 N. J. In 1837 he settled on a farm in Rich- 
 land County. A Quaker, he traveled to hos- 
 pitals during the Civil War, through the 
 South after the war, and among the Indians 
 of the West. A small volume of extracts 
 from his journals and letters was published 
 at Cardington in 1881; the enlarged ver- 
 sion, prepared by his nephew Joseph Mor- 
 ris, was published posthumously in accord- 
 ance with the terms of his will. 
 Reminiscences of Joseph Morris . . . , Mt. 
 Gilead, 1899. 
 
 MORRIS, MARIAN. Pseud. See Verna W. 
 Hiatt. 
 
 MORRIS, THOMAS ASBURY (April 28, 
 1794-Sept. 2, 1874), clergyman, was born 
 near Charleston, Va. In 1814, the year 
 after his conversion to Methodism, he be- 
 came a minister and preached in the Ohio 
 conference. In 1834 he was made editor of 
 the Western Christian Advocate, published 
 in Cincinnati, and in 1836 he was elected 
 bishop. He died in Springfield. 
 Miscellany: Consisting of Essays, Bio- 
 graphical Sketches, and Notes of Travel, 
 Cincinnati, 1852. 
 Sketches of Western Methodism, Cincin- 
 nati, 1852. 
 
 MORRISON, CHARLES CLAYTON (Dec. 4, 
 
 1874- ), clergyman and editor, was 
 born in Harrison, Hamilton County. He 
 graduated from Drake University in 1898. 
 A minister in the Disciples of Christ 
 Church, he served pastorates in several 
 Midwestern states. He edited Christian 
 Century, 1908^17. He has published a 
 number of books on religious subjects, e.g., 
 The Meaning of Baptism, Chicago, [1914]. 
 WW 29 
 
 MORRISON, MARION (June 2, 1821-Dec. 
 1, 1889), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Adams County. He graduated from 
 Miami University in 1846, was licensed to 
 preach by the Chillicothe Presbytery in 
 1849, and served as pastor in Tranquility 
 for six years. He became a teacher of 
 mathematics at Monmouth College, 111., in 
 1856 and served there until 1862. From 
 Aug., 1863, to Aug., 1864, he was chaplain 
 of the 9th Illinois Volunteer Regiment. 
 After the Civil War he served Presbyterian 
 parishes throughout the Middle West. His 
 last church was at Starkville, Miss., where 
 his health broke down and he retired from 
 the active ministry. 
 
 A History of the Ninth Regiment of the 
 Illinois Volunteers, Monmouth, 111., 1864. 
 
 MORROW, ELIZABETH REEVE CUTTER 
 
 (May 29, 1873-Jan. 23, 1955), was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. She grad- 
 uated from Smith College in 1896. In 1903 
 she married Dwight W. Morrow, later U. S. 
 ambassador to Mexico. She published a 
 number of books, including a volume of 
 poems: Quatrains for My Daughter, New 
 York, 1931, and a volume of letters from 
 occupied France: "All Gaul Is Divided . . . ," 
 New York, 1941. WWW 3 
 
 MORROW, JOSIAH (Aug. 26, 1838-Dec. 
 28, 1928), lawyer, was born on a farm near 
 Foster, Warren County. After graduating 
 from Miami University in 1859, he studied 
 law at the University of Michigan. He 
 practiced in Lebanon. A student of local 
 history, he published biographical and his- 
 torical articles in addition to the titles be- 
 low. 
 
 History of Warren County, Chicago, 1882. 
 Life and Speeches of Thomas Corwin . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1896. 
 A Brief Histoi-y of Lebanon . . . , Lebanon, 
 
 1902. 
 History of the Sycamore Associate Re- 
 formed Church . . . , [Cincinnati, 1930?]. 
 
 MORROW, MARCO (July 18, 1869-Feb. 28, 
 1959), journalist, was born in Foster, War- 
 
459 
 
 Mozans 
 
 ren County. He was a reporter on the 
 Springfield Republic-Times, 1890-94, and 
 also edited Womankind, published in Spring- 
 field, 1895-99. Afterward he was assistant 
 publisher of Capper Publications, Topeka, 
 Kan., until his retirement in 1944. He died 
 in Topeka. His writings include Things to 
 Tell the Merchant, Lawrence, Kan., 1914. 
 WWMW 49 
 
 MORSE, FLORENCE V. (Nov. 10, 1888- 
 ), was born in Van Wert, Van Wert 
 County. In 1906 she graduated from the 
 Castle School, N. Y. She lived in Van 
 Wert until 1913, when she married Rev. 
 Herman Morse, a Presbyterian clergyman, 
 and she is now living once again in her 
 native community. She has written nu- 
 merous stories and magazine articles and a 
 mystery novel: Black Eagles Are Flying, 
 New York, 1943. 
 
 MORSE, RICHARD. Pseud. See Fred East- 
 man. 
 
 MORSE, ROBERT (Dec. 25, 1906- ), 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. After 
 graduating from Princeton University in 
 1928, he studied painting in France. His last 
 known address was New York City. He has 
 published a volume of poems: The Two 
 Persephones, [New York, 1942]. 
 
 MORTIMER, PETER. Pseud. See Dorothy J. 
 Roberts. 
 
 MORTON, LENA BEATRICE (June 15, 
 1901- ), educator, born in Kentucky, was 
 educated in Cincinnati, where her parents 
 moved in 1917. She graduated from the 
 University of Cincinnati in 1922 and taught 
 in the Cincinnati schools, 1923-48. She re- 
 ceived her Ph.D. degree at Western Reserve 
 University in 1947, taught for two years at 
 Langston University, Okla., and in 1950 
 joined the faculty of Lane College, Jack- 
 son, Tenn. She has published a number of 
 articles, a book on her public school teach- 
 ing, and Negro Poetry in America, Boston, 
 1925. 
 
 MOSELEY, EDWIN LINCOLN (March 29, 
 1865-June 6, 1948), educator, was born in 
 Hawaii of missionary parents. He gradu- 
 ated from the University of Michigan in 
 1885. After teaching at Sandusky High 
 School, 1889-1914, he joined the faculty of 
 Bowling Green State Normal School and 
 taught there until his retirement in 1936. 
 He died in Bowling Green. He was best 
 known in the scientific world for his work 
 
 on long-range weather forecasting. He also 
 published many articles, several textbooks 
 and technical studies, and some works for 
 general readers, e.g., a book for children: 
 Our Wild Animals, New York, [1927]. 
 AMS 8 
 
 MOSES, JASPER TURNEY (1880-1921), 
 clergyman, was born in Richwood, Union 
 County. A graduate of Butler University, he 
 was ordained to the ministry in the Dis- 
 ciples of Christ Church and served as a 
 missionary to Mexico. He died in Mexico 
 City. He wrote a book about Mexico: To- 
 day in the Land of Tomorrow . . . , In- 
 dianapolis, [1907]. 
 
 MOSES, WILLIAM JOHN BARR (June 27, 
 1874-June 17, 1946), journalist, born in 
 Terrace, Minn., worked on newspapers in 
 Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Tennessee be- 
 fore coming to Springfield, where he edited 
 the Daily News, 193 1—46. Author of poems, 
 articles, and short stories in magazines, he 
 also published a novel: Dreaming River, 
 New York, [1909]. 
 
 MOSHER, WILLIAM EUGENE (Nov. 26, 
 1877-June 1, 1945), educator, born in 
 Syracuse, N. Y., was on the Oberlin Col- 
 lege faculty, 1904-18, in the German de- 
 partment. He was later professor of politi- 
 cal science at Syracuse University. He 
 wrote German and social studies textbooks 
 and The Promise of the Christ-Age in Re- 
 cent Literature, New York, 1912. WWW 2 
 
 MOVIUS, ANNE MURRY (Jan. 14, 1874- 
 April 18, 1957), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She attended public 
 schools and private seminaries in Cincin- 
 nati, Rochester, N. Y., and St. Paul, Minn. 
 In 1901 she settled in Bowbells, N. Dak., 
 and in 1912 moved to Lidgerwood, N. Dak., 
 where she spent the remainder of her life. 
 She wrote pageants and plays for children 
 and many poems, which were collected in 
 two books, e.g., Lights and Shadows, [Ridge- 
 wood, N. J., 1936]. BDCP 
 
 MOWERY, WILLIAM BYRON (Aug. 15, 
 1899-April 2, 1957), was born in Adelphia, 
 Ross County. He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Illinois in 1921. He wrote for 
 various motion-picture companies, 1923- 
 29, and after 1929 was a free-lance writer. 
 He published stories in many magazines and 
 also wrote a number of adventure novels, 
 e.g., Heart of the North, New York, 1930. 
 WWW 3 
 
 MOZANS, J. H. Pseud. See John A. Zahm. 
 
Muenscher 
 
 460 
 
 MUENSCHER, JOSEPH (Dec. 21, 1798- 
 Feb.; 1884), clergyman, was born in Prov- 
 idence, R. I. A graduate of Brown Univer- 
 sity in 1821, he was ordained to the priest- 
 hood of the Episcopal Church in 1825. In 
 1833 he came to Ohio, where he was a 
 professor at Gambler Seminary until 1841 
 and rector of St. Paul's Church, Mount 
 Vernon, until 1855. His eyesight having 
 failed, he could not fill a parish any longer, 
 and he lived in Mount Vernon until his 
 death. 
 
 Manual of Biblical Interpretation, Gambier, 
 
 1865. 
 The Book of Proverbs . . . , Gambier, 1866. 
 
 MULHANE, LAWRENCE WILLIAM (Feb. 
 21, 1856-May 2, 1925), Catholic priest, 
 born in Berlin, Mass., was pastor of St. 
 Vincent de Paul's Church, Mount Vernon, 
 1885-1925. 
 
 Leprosy and the Charity of the Church, 
 
 Chicago, [1896]. 
 Memorial of Major-General William Stark 
 
 Rosecrans . . . , [Columbus, 1898]. 
 
 MUNHALL, LEANDER WHITCOMB (June 
 
 7, 1843-Jan. 7, 1934), evangelist, was born 
 in Zanesville, Muskingum County. He 
 served throughout the Civil War with the 
 79th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and in 
 1874 he became a Methodist evangelist. 
 He lived in Germantown, Pa. His writings 
 include Breakers! Methodism Adrift, New 
 York, [1913]. WWW 1 
 
 MUNK, JOSEPH AMASA (Nov. 9, 1847- 
 Dec. 4, 1927), physician, was born in Co- 
 lumbiana County and graduated from Ec- 
 lectic Medical College of Ohio in 1869. 
 After practicing in Ohio, Missouri, and 
 Kansas, he settled in Los Angeles. During 
 an excursion through Arizona with the 
 G.A.R. in the 1880s, he became interested 
 in the literature of the state. He began col- 
 lecting Arizona materials in 1884, and by 
 1908 had acquired over 16.000 volumes, 
 which he presented to the Southwest Mu- 
 seum. Besides a bibliography of Arizona 
 literature and other writings related to his 
 avocation, he published a book of personal 
 essays: Arizona Sketches, New York, 
 [1905]. WWW 1 
 
 MUNN, GLENN GAYWAINE (Feb. 17, 
 1890- ), financial analyst, was born in 
 Toledo, Lucas County. He graduated from 
 the University of Michigan in 1914, taught 
 in several universities for brief periods, and 
 joined Paine, Webber, Jackson, & Curtis, 
 New York City, in 1928. He has published 
 several books on banking and finance, e.g., 
 
 Meeting the Bear Market 
 1930. WW 30 
 
 , New York, 
 
 MUNN, HIRAM H. (Sept. 25, 1838- ? ), law- 
 yer, was born near Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He practiced law in Cleveland, but 
 no other biographical details have been 
 found. 
 
 History of the Declension of the Great Re- 
 public of the United States . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1875. 
 
 MUNRO, THOMAS (Feb. 15, 1897- ), 
 born in Omaha, Neb., has been professor 
 of art at Western Reserve University since 
 1931. He has written a number of books on 
 aesthetics and the fine arts, e.g., The Arts 
 and Their Interrelations, New York, 1949. 
 WW 30 
 
 MURCH, JAMES DE FOREST (Oct. 23, 
 
 1892- ), clergyman, was born in New 
 Vienna, Clinton County. After graduating 
 from Ohio University in 1915, he was or- 
 dained to the ministry of the Disciples of 
 Christ Church. He was a pastor in Pitts- 
 burgh, 1915-16, assistant editor of the 
 Christian Standard, 1916-18, editor of the 
 Lookout, 1918-25, a professor at Cincin- 
 nati Bible Seminary, 1925-37, and a mem- 
 ber of the editorial staff of the Standard 
 Publishing Company, 1934-45. He has pub- 
 lished hymns and pamphlets and several 
 devotional books, e.g., Studies in Christian 
 Living, Cincinnati, [1937]. WW 30 
 
 MURDOCH, JAMES EDWARD (Jan. 25, 
 1811-May 19, 1893), actor, was born in 
 Philadelphia. He made his debut on the 
 stage in Philadelphia in 1829. In the 
 1840s and 1850s he was probably the best- 
 known American actor. In 1857 he settled 
 on a farm near Lebanon, where he planted 
 vineyards under the direction of experts 
 brought from the Rhine Valley. During the 
 Civil War he served as a nurse in Federal 
 hospitals, gave readings for the benefit of 
 the U. S. Sanitary Commission, and was a 
 volunteer aide on the staff of General Wil- 
 liam S. Rosecrans. After the war he be- 
 came professor of elocution at the Cincin- 
 nati College of Music. In 1865 he edited 
 an anthology. Patriotism and Poetry and 
 Prose, which contained articles about Abra- 
 ham Lincoln and some of Lincoln's favorite 
 poems. 
 
 Orthophony, or Vocal Culture in Elocu- 
 tion . . . , (with William Russell), Boston, 
 1845. 
 The Stage, or Recollections of Actors and 
 Acting . . . , Philadelphia, 1880. 
 
461 
 
 Myers, A. O. 
 
 A Plea for the Spoken Language, Cincin- 
 nati, [1883]. 
 Analytic Elocution . . . , Cincinnati, [1884]. 
 
 MURPHY, DAVID ASBURY (April 3, 1842- 
 Sept. 21, 1917), journalist, was born on a 
 farm near Shamrock, Adams County. After 
 serving in the Civil War, he worked on a 
 number of newspapers in southwestern 
 Ohio. He contributed numerous poems to 
 newspapers and magazines, some of which 
 were published in a book: Pensive Pansies, 
 [Cincinnati, 1901]. 
 
 MURRAY, CHARLES BURLEIGH (June 
 10, 1837-March 5, 1918), was born in 
 Brandon, Vt., the son of Orson Murray 
 (q.v.). He was educated in the school main- 
 tained by his father. He was a merchant in 
 Cincinnati, 1862-72, and established the 
 Cincinnati Commercial Review in 1872, 
 which he consolidated with the Cincinnati 
 Price Current and published under that 
 name until 1912. He was recognized as an 
 authority on the pork-packing industry. He 
 wrote an autobiographical volume: Life 
 Notes . . . , Cincinnati, 1915. WWW 1 
 
 MURRAY, JAMES ORMSBEE (Nov. 27, 
 1827-March 27, 1899), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, born in Camden, S. C, lived in 
 Springfield, Clark County, from his eighth 
 to his nineteenth year. His father had 
 emancipated his slaves and moved to Ohio. 
 Murray lived in Springfield until 1848, 
 when he entered Brown University. He later 
 served as pastor of Congregational churches 
 in the East and on the faculty of Prince- 
 ton. He published sermons and other books, 
 including a biography: Francis Way land, 
 Boston, 1891. 
 
 MURRAY, LOIS LOVINA ABBOTT (March 
 3, 1826-?), was born in Licking County. 
 In the late 1840s she accompanied her 
 family to Indiana; in 1860 she moved with 
 her husband, Samuel Murray, to Kansas. 
 In 1878 she returned to Goshen, Ind. 
 Incidents of Frontier Life . . . , Goshen, 
 Ind., 1880. 
 
 MURRAY, ORSON (Sept. 23, 1806-June 14, 
 1885), clergyman and reformer, was born 
 in Orwell, Vt. He was educated at Castle- 
 ton and Shoreham Academies. An aggressive 
 reformer, he crusaded under a score of 
 banners, ranging from dietetic reform to 
 women's rights. Moncure Daniel Conway 
 described him as "a sort of John Brown 
 whose Harper's Ferry was orthodoxy." He 
 was licensed as a Baptist preacher, and in 
 1835 he began publishing the Vermont 
 
 Telegraph, the Baptist paper for the state. 
 Becoming a Fourierite, he moved to Ohio 
 in 1844 and established a community and 
 school, Fruit Hills, near Foster, Warren 
 County. At the same time he re-established 
 the Regenerator, which he had published for 
 a few months in New York City. Though the 
 country's most brilliant reformers are 
 known to have visited Murray at Fruit Hill, 
 nothing seems to have been recorded con- 
 cerning the community. After writing his 
 own funeral sermon, entitled "Death-bed 
 Thoughts," Murray died at Fruit Hills. 
 The Struggle of the Hour . . . , Fosters 
 Crossings, 1861. 
 
 MUSSEY, REUBEN DIMOND (June 23, 
 1780-June 21, 1866), physician, born in 
 Pelham, N. H, practiced medicine in Salem, 
 Mass., and taught at Dartmouth College, 
 Bowdoin College, and a medical college in 
 Fairfield, N. Y., until 1838, when he was 
 called to the Medical College of Ohio as 
 professor of surgery. He served until 1852, 
 when he resigned to take a similar position 
 at Miami Medical College. He retired in 
 1857 and lived the remainder of his life in 
 Boston, Mass. He published several lectures 
 and pamphlets on temperance and medical 
 subjects. 
 The Trials and Rewards of the Medical 
 
 Profession, Cincinnati, 1853. 
 Health: Its Friends and Its Foes, Boston, 
 1862. 
 
 MYERS, ALLEN O. (Dec. 24, 1848- ? ), was 
 born in Circleville, Pickaway County. An 
 incorrigible boy, he was placed in the Ohio 
 Reform School by his mother. He was re- 
 leased from the school in 1867 and returned 
 to Circleville, where he was apprenticed to 
 a printer. In 1872 he became Columbus cor- 
 respondent for the Cleveland Leader. He 
 served as clerk of the Constitutional Con- 
 vention in 1873, where he represented the 
 Cincinnati Enquirer as well as the Leader. 
 He toured Europe as a correspondent for 
 the Enquirer in 1874. In company with 
 others he established the Columbus Daily 
 Democrat in 1878 and was its managing 
 editor for some time. In 1883 he was 
 elected to the Assembly to represent 
 Franklin County. His career as a legislator 
 has been compared to a rocket, but he left 
 a number of enduring legislative monu- 
 ments to mark his passage, and chief among 
 them was prison reform. He harbored many 
 bitter memories of his experiences in the 
 reform school, and he fostered a number 
 of laws to humanize the prison system of 
 Ohio. His honesty of purpose and his un- 
 relenting aggressive attacks against dema- 
 
Myers, B. D. 
 
 462 
 
 gogues and grafters made him feared as a 
 legislator and a journalist. His erratic dis- 
 position made hosts of enemies, and his 
 Bosses and Boodle in Ohio Politics added 
 not a whit to his popularity. In 1898 he 
 bought a farm in Franklin County, where 
 he was still living in 1907. 
 Bosses and Boodle in Ohio Politics . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1895. 
 The American Manual . . . , Columbus, 
 
 1900. 
 Alfalfa, "the Grass" in Ohio . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1907. 
 
 MYERS, BURTON DORR (March 30, 1870- 
 Feb. 28, 1951), physician and educator, was 
 born in Attica, Seneca County. He gradu- 
 ated from Buchtel College in 1893 and Uni- 
 versity of Leipzig (M.D.) in 1902. From 
 1903 until his retirement in 1940 he was 
 on the faculty of the University of Indiana 
 medical school. He wrote numerous medi- 
 cal articles and reviews and the second 
 volume of History of Indiana University, 
 [Bloomington, 1940]. WWW 3 
 
 MYERS, GARRY CLEVELAND (July 15, 
 1884- ), educator, born in Sylvan, Pa., 
 was in the education department of Western 
 Reserve University, 1920-40. He wrote text- 
 books and technical studies in psychology 
 and education and some books for the 
 general reader, e.g., Marriage and Parent- 
 hood, Cleveland, [1941]. WW 28 
 
 MYERS, JAY ARTHUR (Nov. 25, 1888- 
 ), physician, was born in Croton, Lick- 
 ing County. He graduated from Ohio Uni- 
 versity in 1912, Cornell University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1914, and the University of Minnesota 
 (M.D.) in 1920. A specialist in diseases of 
 the chest, he has been on the faculty of 
 
 the University of Minnesota medical school 
 since 1914. He has written a number of 
 medical articles and books, e.g., Man's 
 Greatest Victory over Tuberculosis, Spring- 
 field, 111., [1940]. WW 30 
 
 MYERS, JOSEPH SIMMONS (Feb. 3, 1867- 
 Oct. 17, 1953), journalist and educator, 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County. 
 After graduating from Ohio State Univer- 
 sity in 1887, he worked for a year on the 
 Columbus Times and for two years on the 
 Cleveland Leader. He worked on various 
 Pittsburgh newspapers, 1889-1914, and 
 then served on the journalism faculty, Ohio 
 State University, 1914-34. After retiring, 
 he wrote a column for the Middletown 
 Journal for a number of years. He died in 
 Middletown. His writings include numerous 
 articles, a portion of the official history of 
 Ohio State University, and The Genius of 
 Horace Greeley, Columbus, 1929. WWW 3 
 
 MYERS, PHILIP VAN NESS (Aug. 10, 
 1846-Sept. 20, 1937), educator, was born 
 in Tribes' Hill, N. Y. He was president of 
 Farmers' College, Cincinnati, from 1879 
 until 1890, when he joined the history fac- 
 ulty of the University of Cincinnati. He 
 wrote textbooks in ancient history which 
 were widely used. 
 Remains of Lost Empires . . . , New York, 
 
 1875. 
 History as Past Ethics . . . , Boston, [1913]. 
 
 MYERS, PHINEAS BARTON (1888- ), 
 born in Brooklyn, N. Y., has lived in Ohio 
 since 1916. He is now a resident of Dayton. 
 He has published several books, including 
 a mystery novel, a book on hypnosis, and 
 two books on Lincoln, e.g.. Eighty-five 
 Years after Lincoln . . . , Dayton, 1950. 
 
 N 
 
 NASBY, REV. PETROLEUM V. Pseud. See 
 David R. Locke. 
 
 NASH, ARTHUR (June 26, 1870-Oct. 30, 
 1927), was born in Tipton County, Ind. 
 After attending a seminary in Battle Creek, 
 Mich., he was ordained in 1894 as a min- 
 ister of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. 
 Dismissed from an Adventist school in De- 
 troit for unorthodoxy, he wandered around 
 the country as a hobo. After marrying 
 Maud L. Southwell of Cleveland in 1899, 
 
 he returned to the ministry as a Disciples 
 of Christ minister at Bluffton. In 1902 he 
 was asked to resign his pulpit because of a 
 controversy over a funeral sermon praising 
 a non-believer. He sold men's clothing until 
 1909, when he opened his own manufac- 
 turing plant in Columbus. In 1913 he 
 moved his business to Cincinnati and built 
 it into the largest direct-sale clothing firm 
 in the country. He became convinced that 
 the golden rule was basic to business suc- 
 cess and therefore lowered prices of his 
 
463 
 
 Nast 
 
 clothing and raised his workers' wages. He 
 lectured widely on the golden rule to serv- 
 ice clubs and other organizations. He died 
 in Cincinnati. 
 Philosophy of Satanology, [Bluffton?], 
 
 1900. 
 The Golden Rule in Business, New York, 
 
 [1923]. 
 
 NASH, HENRY SYLVESTER (Dec. 23, 
 1854-Nov. 6, 1912), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Newark, Licking County. 
 He graduated from Harvard University in 
 1878 and Episcopal Theological Seminary, 
 Cambridge, in 1881. The following year 
 he was ordained to the Episcopal priest- 
 hood, and in 1884 he joined the faculty of 
 Episcopal Theological Seminary, where he 
 served until his death. 
 Genesis of the Social Conscience . . . , 
 
 New York, 1897. 
 Ethics and Revelation, New York, 1899. 
 The History of the Higher Criticism of the 
 
 New Testament . . . , New York, 1900. 
 The Atoning Life, New York, 1908. 
 Prayers and Meditations, New York, 1915. 
 
 NASH, JAY BRYAN (Oct. 17, 1886- ), 
 educator, was born in New Baltimore, Stark 
 County. He graduated from Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1911 and New York University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1929. After fifteen years in phys- 
 ical education work in California, he 
 joined the N.Y.U. faculty in 1926 and 
 served there until his retirement in 1953. 
 He has published textbooks and books 
 about physical education and athletics, e.g., 
 Spectatoritis, New York, [1932]. WW 30 
 
 NASH, PHILIP CURTIS (Aug. 28, 1890- 
 May 6, 1947), educator, born in Hingham, 
 Mass., was dean of Antioch College, 1 921— 
 29, and president of the University of 
 Toledo, 1933-47. He published a book 
 calling for international cooperation: An 
 Adventure in World Order, Boston, 1944. 
 WWW 2 
 
 NASH, SIMEON (Sept. 21, 1804-Jan. 18, 
 1879), lawyer and judge, born in South 
 Hadley, Mass., came to Gallipolis in 1832 
 to read law with Samuel F. Vinton. After 
 being admitted to the Ohio bar in 1833, 
 he practiced in Gallipolis for the rest of 
 his life. He served in the Ohio Senate, 
 1839-43; in the constitutional convention 
 of 1850; and as a judge of common pleas 
 court, 1851-61. His book on the civil 
 code passed through five editions and was 
 used by lawyers throughout the state. It 
 was remarkable in at least one respect — 
 Nash had opposed the civil code when it 
 
 was adopted in 1851 and had favored the 
 
 continuation of the common law. 
 
 Pleading and Practice under the Civil Code, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1856. 
 Morality and the State, Columbus, 1859. 
 Crime and the Family, Cincinnati, 1876. 
 
 NASMYTH, GEORGE WILLIAM (July 9, 
 1882-Sept. 20, 1920), sociologist, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He was 
 educated at Cornell University, earning a 
 Ph.D. in 1909, and at German universities. 
 He was active in the international student 
 movement and was a press representative 
 at the Paris Peace Conference. His writings 
 include Social Progress and the Darwinian 
 Theory . . . , New York, 1916. WWW 1 
 
 NAST, WILHELM (June 15, 1807-May 16, 
 1899), founder of German Methodism, was 
 born in Stuttgart, Germany, and graduated 
 from the University of Tubingen. Though 
 born into a Lutheran family and attracted 
 to the ministry, he was troubled by religious 
 uncertainty. In 1828 he came to America. 
 After serving as a tutor in a Methodist 
 home and as librarian and teacher of Ger- 
 man at the U. S. Military Academy, he 
 came to Ohio. During a winter spent on a 
 farm in Gallia County, he met Adam 
 Miller (q.v.). He joined the faculty of Ken- 
 yon College to teach German and Hebrew. 
 A Methodist shoemaker took him to Meth- 
 odist services, where he was converted and 
 decided to enter the ministry. In 1835 he 
 was appointed missionary to the German 
 settlers of Cincinnati. James Gamble, an 
 Irish soapmaker, encouraged him and sup- 
 ported his efforts. Nast traveled widely and 
 preached in many German settlements. In 
 1838 he established a church in Cincinnati, 
 and in 1839 he founded Der Christ liche 
 Apologete, which he edited for over fifty 
 years. He was one of the founders of Ger- 
 man Wallace College in Berea and served 
 as its president, 1864-93. 
 Das Leben und Wirken des Johannes Wes- 
 ley ... , Cincinnati, 1852. 
 Was 1st und Will der Methodismus, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1855. 
 Christological Meditations, Cincinnati, 1858. 
 Philosophie des Erlosungsplanes, Cincin- 
 nati, 1859. 
 A Commentary on the Gospels of Matthew 
 
 and Mark . . . , Cincinnati, [1864]. 
 Christologische Betrachtungen, Cincinnati, 
 
 1866. 
 The Gospel Records . . . , Cincinnati, 1866. 
 Theologische Betrachtungen, Cincinnati, 
 
 1867. 
 Das Christentum und Seine Gegensdtze, 
 Cincinnati, 1883. 
 
Nave 
 
 464 
 
 NAVE, ORVILLE JAMES (April 30, 1841- 
 June 24, 1917), army chaplain, was born 
 at Galion, Crawford County, and graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1870. 
 After his retirement as an army chaplain, 
 he lived in Los Angeles. His writings in- 
 clude Bible Symbols . . . , Lincoln, Neb., 
 [1910]. WWW 1 
 
 NAYLOR, CHARLES WESLEY (Jan., 1874- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Athens 
 County. He attended Ohio Northern Uni- 
 versity, 1890-91 and 1897-98. A clergy- 
 man, he served churches in Ohio and In- 
 diana. His last address in Ohioana files is 
 Anderson, Ind. His books include God's 
 Will and How to Know It, [Anderson, 
 Ind., 1925]. WWNAA 7 
 
 NAYLOR, JAMES RALL (Oct. 4, 1860-April 
 1, 1945), physician, was born in Penn 
 Township, Morgan County. His father was 
 killed in the Civil War. He attended district 
 schools and spent one year in Stockport 
 and a few months at Marietta Academy. 
 He financed his medical education by teach- 
 ing in country schools around Malta and 
 by farmwork and clerking. After graduat- 
 ing from Starling Medical College in 1886, 
 he practiced in Malta until his retirement 
 in 1934; he was district health commis- 
 sioner in Morgan County, 1920-34. For 
 eight years he wrote a column for the 
 Marion Star, and he also contributed to 
 Columbus newspapers. His first book of 
 verse, Current Coins, was published under 
 the pen name S. Q. Lapius. His first book 
 to catch the attention of the public was the 
 semiautobiographical novel Ralph Marlowe. 
 Current Coins Picked up at a Country Rail- 
 way Station, Columbus, 1893. 
 Under Mad Anthony's Banner, Columbus, 
 
 1899. 
 Rambling Reminiscences, [n.p., 1900?]. 
 Ralph Marlowe . . . , Akron, 1901. 
 The Sign of the Prophet . . . , Akron, 1901. 
 In the Days of St. Clair . . . , Akron, 1902. 
 The Cabin in the Big Woods, Akron, 1904. 
 The Kentuckian . . . , Boston, 1905. 
 Old Home Week, Boston, [1906]. 
 Witch Crow and Barney Bvlow, New York, 
 
 [1906]. 
 The Little Green Goblin, Akron, [1907]. 
 The Scalawags, New York, 1907. 
 Songs from the Heart of Things . . . , Co- 
 lumbus, 1907. 
 The Misadventures of Marjory, Boston, 
 
 1908. 
 Old Morgan County, McConnelsville, 1921. 
 A Book of Buckeye Verse . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1927. 
 Vagrant Verse, McConnelsville, 1935. 
 
 NEAD, PETER (Jan. 7, 1796-March 16, 
 1877), clergyman, was born in Hagerstown, 
 Md. He farmed and operated a tavern in 
 Virginia until around 1846, when he settled 
 near Trotwood, Montgomery County. Orig- 
 inally a Lutheran, he became a Methodist 
 and later a Baptist. He was pastor of a 
 German Baptist church for a number of 
 years. He helped found the magazine The 
 Vindicator and contributed numerous ar- 
 ticles to it. 
 
 Das Urspriingliche Christenthum . . . , 
 Harrisburg, 1836. 
 
 NEAR, MRS. MYRON F. See Jessie Glasier. 
 
 NEEDELS, EMMA EVERETT (July 21, 
 1875-March 15, 1937), was born in Co- 
 lumbus Grove, Putnam County. She at- 
 tended Ohio Wesleyan University and after 
 her marriage to George W. Needels lived 
 in Detroit, Mich. She published a volume 
 of verse: Dear Heart, [Detroit, 1927]. 
 
 NEEF, FRANCIS JOSEPH NICHOLAS 
 
 (Dec. 6, 1770-April 6, 1854), educator, 
 taught briefly in Cincinnati and Steuben- 
 ville after the failure of Robert Owen's 
 New Harmony experiment in 1828. After 
 serving in Napoleon's army, Neef had 
 taught under Pestalozzi in Switzerland, and 
 he later established a Pestalozzian school 
 in Philadelphia. He wrote a pioneer discus- 
 sion of pedagogy: Sketch of a Plan and 
 Method of Education . . . , Philadelphia, 
 1808. 
 
 NEENAH. Pseud. See Francis J. Finn. 
 
 NEFF, CORNELIUS (1825-July 2, 1896), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 He served in the 54th O.V.I, from March, 
 1864, to Aug. 15, 1865. His verses were in- 
 spired by the deaths of his comrades or by 
 engagements in which his regiment partic- 
 ipated. He died in Cleveland. 
 Neal Neff's New National Poems . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1866. 
 
 NEFF, ELIZABETH CLIFFORD (Aug. 24, 
 1851-March 21, 1933), was born in Paris. 
 111., of Ohio parents. Shortly after her birth 
 the family returned to Gambier. She later 
 lived in Cleveland and in 1901 moved to 
 Canton. She died in Lake Township, Stark 
 County. Besides the title below, she wrote 
 a book on genealogy and one on heraldry. 
 An Anglican Study in Christian Symbolism, 
 Cleveland, 1898. 
 
 NEFF, ELIZABETH HYER (d.Aug. 1, 1942), 
 was born in Greenfield, Highland County. 
 
465 
 
 Neidig 
 
 She graduated from Greenfield High School 
 in 1873. and in 1875 she married William 
 B. Neff (q.v. ), who later served as com- 
 mon pleas judge in Cuyahoga County. She 
 lived in Cleveland, where she was active in 
 the Writers' Club. Her short stories ap- 
 peared in numerous magazines, and she 
 also published at least two books, e.g., 
 Altars to Mammon, New York, 1908. WW 
 6 
 
 NEFF, EMERY EDWARD (March 23, 1892- 
 ), educator, was born in Delaware, 
 Delaware County. He graduated from 
 Barnesville High School in 1909, Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1913, and Columbia 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1924. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Columbia English department, 
 1916-53, and since 1954 has been in the 
 department of comparative literature. He 
 has published numerous professional articles 
 and several significant books, e.g., Carlyle, 
 New York, [1932]. WW 28 
 
 NEFF, PETER (April 13. 1827-May 11, 
 1903), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from Kenyon Col- 
 lege in 1849 and Bexley Seminary in 1854. 
 After serving churches in Yellow Springs 
 and Xenia, he retired from the ministry in 
 1866 because of chronic throat trouble. Ex- 
 periments made with a Kenyon professor, 
 Hamilton L. Smith, in 1854 had enabled 
 Neff to perfect a process for taking colo- 
 dion positives on thin iron sheets covered 
 with black. Neff's melanotype (a name he 
 invented) received the bronze medal of the 
 American Institute in New York in 1856. 
 Such japanned metal plates for photography 
 later became known as ferrotypes and tin- 
 types. Neff's interest in the oil fields of 
 western Pennsylvania led to his leasing 
 land in Coshocton County, where he dis- 
 covered oil in 1865. His Prospectus com- 
 pares this field with those of Venango 
 County, Pa., and reports on the flow of 
 the four Neff wells then producing. This 
 publication with its accompanying map 
 was presented to the legislature, and it ac- 
 tivated a geological survey of the state. In 
 1866 Neff found that a lampblack could 
 be obtained from the natural gas in this 
 area, and soon he was producing it in great 
 quantities for sale in the United States and 
 Europe. His "Diamond Black" was awarded 
 the diploma and medal of the International 
 Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876. The 
 lampblack was used in making choice litho- 
 graph ink. For a number of years Peter 
 Neff lived in Gambier in a house that is 
 one of the best existing examples of do- 
 mestic Gothic. A continuing benefactor of 
 
 Kenyon College, he constantly enlivened 
 the village life by his feuds with the col- 
 lege authorities. As he was not loath to 
 rush into print, many newspapers of the 
 period carry his frequent contributions. 
 Gambier Chimes is an amusing pamphlet 
 written in protest against the installation 
 of Cambridge chimes at the college. His 
 crotchety account enumerates the aggregate 
 weight of the bells as 6,161 pounds, the 
 number of daily strokes as 1,116, and the 
 distance of his own house from the "cruel, 
 inhuman torture" as 700 feet. He finally 
 purchased an apparatus for switching off 
 these bells during the night, the title to 
 which he ceremoniously presented to the 
 vestry when he left Gambier in 1888. He 
 moved to Cleveland, where he spent his 
 last years happily as librarian of the West- 
 ern Reserve Historical Society. His death 
 occurred in Cleveland. 
 
 Wyman W. Parker 
 Prospectus of the Neff Petroleum Company 
 
 . . . , Gambier, 1866. 
 Gambier Chimes, Columbus, 1880. 
 
 NEFF, WILLIAM B. (April 30, 1851-Nov. 
 6. 1922), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 Winchester, Preble County. He attended 
 Ohio Wesleyan University, read law in Van 
 Wert, and graduated from Cincinnati Law 
 School in 1876. He began practice in Cleve- 
 land in 1876, was elected prosecuting at- 
 torney in 1890, and was five times elected 
 to the common pleas bench. He wrote 
 Bench and Bar of Northern Ohio . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1921. 
 
 NEIBLING, C. C. (c.l822-Aug. 2. 1886), 
 was born in Lancaster, Fairfield County. 
 In 1848 he moved to Circleville to teach 
 in a boys' school, and the remainder of his 
 life was spent in that community. He served 
 as county clerk of courts in the 1850s, was 
 a member of the Circleville city council, 
 1872-76, and was city engineer, 1876-84. 
 His pamphlet describing the pursuit of 
 Morgan's raiders is a humorous but accu- 
 rate account of that event, published under 
 the pen name C. C. Enn. 
 The Bloody First, or Twelve Days with 
 the First Pickaway Throwing "Paw-Paws" 
 at John Morgan, Circleville, 1863. 
 
 NEIDIG, WILLIAM JONATHAN (April 2, 
 1870-Feb. 7, 1955), was born in West- 
 ern, Iowa. After teaching English at Stan- 
 ford University, 1901-04, and the Univer- 
 sity of Wisconsin, 1905-11, he became a 
 free-lance writer. In 1934 he settled in 
 Napoleon, Henry County, where he spent 
 the remainder of his life. His articles and 
 
Neikirk 
 
 466 
 
 stories appeared in national magazines, and 
 he published several books, e.g., a book of 
 poems: The First Wardens, New York, 
 1905. WW 24 
 
 NEIKIRK, MABEL E. (Sept. 28, 1891-Aug. 
 19, 1948), was born in Tiffin, Seneca 
 County. She attended Heidelberg College. 
 She died in El Paso, Texas, where she re- 
 sided during the latter part of her life. She 
 published several books for children, e.g., 
 Oscar — The Trained Seal, New York, 
 [1940]. 
 
 NELAN, CHARLES (April 10, 1859-Dec. 6, 
 1904), artist, was born in Akron, Summit 
 County. He attended Buchtel College and 
 studied at the National Academy of De- 
 sign, New York City. He became a car- 
 toonist on the Cleveland Press in 1888 and 
 later worked for syndicates and for the 
 New York Herald and the Philadelphia 
 North American. 
 
 Cartoons of Our War with Spain, New 
 York, [1898]. 
 
 NELSON, ANNETTE FITCH. See Annette 
 Fitch Brewer. 
 
 NELSON, HELEN LATHROP (1877- ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 A graduate of Smith College, she has been 
 active in Cincinnati civic affairs and as 
 executive secretary of Cincinnati Woman's 
 Club. She has published stories and plays, 
 e.g., Wanted: A Quiet Old-fashioned Christ- 
 mas, Franklin, 1932. 
 
 NELSON, HENRY ADDISON (Oct. 31, 
 1820-Dec. 31, 1906), Presbyterian clergy- 
 man, born in Amherst, Mass., served on 
 the faculty of Lane Theological Seminary, 
 Cincinnati, 1868-74. His last years were 
 spent in Wooster. He wrote a book for 
 children: Seeing Jesus, Philadephia, [1869]. 
 
 NELSON, RICHARD (July 9, 1822-April 4, 
 1900), educator, was born in County 
 Down, Ireland, and was educated at Bel- 
 fast Institute. After teaching school in 
 Liverpool, he came to the United States 
 in 1849. He lived for a brief time in Phila- 
 delphia, and in Barnesville before becoming 
 a teacher in the schools of Wheeling, Va. 
 In 1856 he established Nelson's Business 
 College in Cincinnati. A branch was estab- 
 lished in Springfield in 1882 under the 
 management of his son, Richard J. Nelson. 
 Both father and son wrote textbooks. 
 Suburban Homes for Business Men, on 
 the Line of the Marietta Railroad. A 
 Description of the Northeastern Suburbs 
 . . . , Cincinnati, [1874]. 
 
 NELSON, ROBERTA BERESFORD (Aug. 
 17, 1864-June 5, 1910), was born in Chilli- 
 cothe, Ross County. She also lived in Hills- 
 boro, Highland County. She published sto- 
 ries for children in St. Nicholas and other 
 magazines. 
 
 Once upon a Time; Stories, Franklin, 
 1895. 
 
 NEPTUNE REX. Pseud. See John J. Makin. 
 
 NESBIT, WILBUR D. (Sept. 16, 1871-Aug. 
 20, 1927), was born in Xenia, Greene 
 County, and was reared and educated in 
 nearby Cedarville, where he began his news- 
 paper career in the office of the Cedarville 
 Herald in 1887. After two years on the 
 Herald he went to Indiana, where he served 
 on the editorial and advertising staffs of 
 several newspapers. In 1896 he became a 
 feature writer on the Baltimore American; 
 his column in that paper, written under 
 the nom de plume of Josh Wink, received 
 recognition as one of the best bits of fea- 
 ture writing in the country. He joined the 
 staff of the Chicago Tribune in 1899, and 
 for a number of years conducted the 
 famous column "A Line o' Type or Two." 
 His next move was to the Chicago Evening 
 Post. He then became director of the copy 
 staff at the Mahin Advertising Company of 
 Chicago. Not long afterward he acquired 
 control of the company and changed its 
 name to the Rankin Advertising Agency. 
 He was vice president of this company at 
 the time of his death. His best-known poem, 
 "Your Flag and My Flag," is to be found 
 in many anthologies. His collaborations 
 with the well-known cartoonist Clare A. 
 Briggs were notably effective. This remark- 
 ably versatile literary figure not only was 
 one of the most popular toastmasters and 
 after-dinner speakers of his day but also 
 won a fame as a librettist which was solidly 
 established by his co-authorship of the very 
 successful musical comedy The Girl of My 
 Dreams. He published at least 35 books, 
 e.g., The Trail to Boyland and Other Poems, 
 Indianapolis, [1904], After-Dinner Speeches 
 and How to Make Them, Chicago, 1927, and 
 Sermons in Song; Poems of Homely Philos- 
 ophy, Chicago, 1929. 
 
 NETTLETON, ALVRED BAYARD (Nov. 
 14, 1838-Aug. 10, 1911), journalist and 
 businessman, was born in Berlin, Delaware 
 County. He graduated from Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1863. He served in the Civil War 
 and was one of the youngest officers to win 
 a brigadier general's star, a brevet rank 
 accorded him at the time of his discharge, 
 March 13, 1865. After the war he studied 
 
 
467 
 
 Newbrough 
 
 law, and in 1866 he bought a half interest 
 in the Sandusky Register, which he edited 
 for two and a half years. Jay Cooke met 
 him on a visit to Gibraltar, his island home 
 near Sandusky, and from then on Nettleton 
 aided the banker in formulating and propa- 
 gating his financial views. Possessed of the 
 ability to express himself clearly and con- 
 vincingly, he was well fitted for the post. 
 He published the Chicago Advance, 1868- 
 69. He was closely associated with Jay 
 Cooke in the projection and construction 
 of the Northern Pacific Railroad, 1870-75, 
 and became perhaps the most important 
 factor in the rehabilitation of that enter- 
 prise following its crash. He was managing 
 editor of the influential Philadelphia In- 
 quirer, 1875-76, and was the founding 
 editor and proprietor of the Minneapolis 
 Daily Tribune, 1880-85. From 1890 to 
 1893 he was assistant secretary of the U. S. 
 Treasury. He retired from business in 1909. 
 How the Day Was Saved: A Sketch . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, 1874. 
 Trusts or Competition? . . . , Chicago, 1900. 
 
 NEUBECK, MARY COOK (Oct. 22. 1865- 
 Nov. 24, 1947), was born in Cambridge, 
 Guernsey County, and lived in Marietta. 
 She published an account of the life of 
 Barbara Cook Becker: Twelfth Child in 
 Wheels of Time, Philadelphia, [1942]. 
 
 NEUMARK, DAVID (Aug. 3, 1866-Dec. 15, 
 1924), educator, was born near Lwow, 
 Poland. He earned his doctorate at the Uni- 
 versity of Berlin in 1906 and came to 
 America the following year to join the 
 Hebrew Union College faculty. From 1919 
 until his death he edited Journal of Jewish 
 Lore and Philosophy. His books include 
 The Philosophy of the Bible, Cincinnati, 
 1918. DAB 13 
 
 NEVE, JUERGEN LUDWIG (June 7, 1865- 
 Aug. 12, 1943), Lutheran theologian, was 
 born in Schleswig, Germany. From 1909 
 until his death he lived in Springfield, 
 where he was professor of symbolics in 
 Hamma Divinity School. His numerous 
 books include Introduction to Lutheran 
 Symbolics . . . , Columbus, 1917. WWW 2 
 
 NEVIN, EDWIN HENRY (May 9, 1814- 
 June 2, 1889), clergyman and educator, 
 born in Shippensburg, Pa., served Ohio 
 churches in Portsmouth, Poland, Mount Ver- 
 non, and Cleveland in the late 1830s 
 and 1840s. He was also president of 
 Franklin College, New Athens, 1840^44. 
 His writings on religious subjects include 
 Warning against Popery, Cleveland, 1851. 
 
 NEVIN, ROBERT PEEBLES (July 31, 1820- 
 June 28, 1908), journalist, father of the 
 composer Ethelbert Nevin, spent a few 
 years of his boyhood in Chillicothe and at- 
 tended the academy there. He lived most 
 of his life in Pittsburgh, where he was ac- 
 tive in the drug business, oil refining, and 
 journalism. He published a collection of 
 verse: The "Beautiful River" and Other 
 Poems, Pittsburgh, Pa., [1899]. 
 
 NEVIN, WILLIAM CHANNING (Jan. 1, 
 1844-?), son of Edwin H. Nevin (q.v.), 
 was born in New Athens, Harrison County, 
 where his father was president of Franklin 
 College. Though born in Ohio, he was edu- 
 cated in Massachusetts and spent his adult 
 fife in Philadelphia, where he practiced law 
 and worked for various newspapers. Besides 
 the title below, he wrote considerable fic- 
 tion. His name does not appear in Phila- 
 delphia city directories after 1897. 
 History of All Religions, Philadelphia, 
 1871. 
 
 NEWBERRY, ARTHUR ST. JOHN (Dec. 
 17, 1853-Nov. 30, 1912), lawyer, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. A gradu- 
 ate of Harvard Law School, he practiced 
 law in Cleveland and also organized the 
 Sandusky Cement Co. with his brothers. 
 With the assistance of his younger brother, 
 William Belknap Newberry (1867-1930), 
 he wrote two books on fishing that were 
 published privately in small editions for 
 his family and friends, e.g., Caught on the 
 Fly ... , Cleveland, 1908. 
 
 NEWBERRY, WILLIAM BELKNAP. See 
 
 Arthur St. John Newberry. 
 
 NEWBORN, ISI MANDELL (Rip) (July 
 16, 1906- ), journalist, born in New York 
 City, has lived in Ohio since he was two 
 years old. He graduated from Miami Uni- 
 versity in 1929, and in 1930 began writing 
 for the Cleveland Press sports department. 
 He has published two books on horse rac- 
 ing, e.g., // You're Going to Play the 
 Races . . . , Cleveland, [1949]. 
 
 NEWBROUGH, JOHN BALLOU (June 5. 
 1828-April 22, 1891), religious leader, was 
 born near Springfield, Clark County. After 
 graduating from dental college in Cincin- 
 nati in 1849, he went to the California gold 
 fields and two years later to Australia. He 
 returned to Cincinnati, 1857-59, and then 
 practiced dentistry for a time in Philadel- 
 phia and New York. He was interested in 
 spiritualism and automatic writing. With 
 a number of orphans from Pearl River, 
 
Newcomb, A. H. 
 
 468 
 
 N. Y., and several followers, whom he 
 called ' "faithists," he founded Shalam, a 
 communistic community, in New Mexico. 
 He was inspired by "angel embassadors" to 
 compose the "Bible" for his followers. The 
 book appeared in several editions. 
 Oahspe, a New Bible . . . , New York, 
 1882. 
 
 NEWCOMB, ALAN HARRISON (Feb. 28, 
 1921- ), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. After graduating from Ohio 
 Wesley an University in 1942, he joined the 
 Air Force and served as a pilot until the 
 end of the war. Since 1946 he has been in 
 radio and television work in North Carolina 
 and now lives in Charlotte. He has written 
 an account of his life in a German prison 
 camp: Vacation with Pay, Haverhill, Mass., 
 [1947]. 
 
 NEWCOMB, ROBERT THOMAS (Sept. 11, 
 1914-Nov. 11, 1944), elder brother of Alan 
 H. Newcomb (q.v.), was born in Dela- 
 ware, Delaware County. He lived in Dela- 
 ware and Cleveland. After graduating from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1936, he trav- 
 eled and lectured in the United States and 
 the West Indies. In 1939 he joined the 
 U. S. Air Corps. While stationed at Wright 
 Field, he was killed in an automobile acci- 
 dent at London, Madison County. He pub- 
 lished a historical novel with its setting the 
 time of Christ: Janissa, Haverhill, Mass., 
 [1943]. 
 
 NEWELL, WILLIAM REED (May 22, 1868- 
 April 1, 1956), clergyman, was born in 
 Savannah, Ashland County. He graduated 
 from University of Wooster in 1891, stud- 
 ied at Princeton Theological Seminary, 
 and in 1897 became an evangelist and inter- 
 denominational Bible class teacher. He pub- 
 lished several scriptural commentaries and 
 a book of verse: Messages . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1930. WW 26 
 
 NEWFANG, OSCAR (Jan. 24, 1875-Feb. 14, 
 1943), was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. He attended Capital University, 
 1890-93, and afterward was an official of 
 various New York City banks and a firm of 
 woolen manufacturers. He published sev- 
 eral books on political and economic ques- 
 tions, e.g., Capitalism and Communism: A 
 Reconciliation, New York, 1932. WWW 2 
 
 was a reporter for the Cincinnati Post and 
 served as sports editor of the Cincinnati 
 Commercial Tribune, 1913-30. After the 
 Commercial discontinued publication, he 
 was a sports announcer on a Cincinnati 
 radio station for six years. He died in 
 Sarasota, Fla., where he had spent his 
 last years. He published a book made up 
 of dialogues with a Cincinnati newsboy: 
 The Discourses of Jimmy, Cincinnati, 1908. 
 
 NEWMAN, EDWARD MANUAL (March 
 16, 1872-April 16, 1953), traveler and lec- 
 turer, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He attended Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, 1889-93. He was associated for 
 some time with Burton Holmes, and was 
 with Theodore Roosevelt in Africa in 1908. 
 Altogether, he made eight trips around the 
 world, wrote nine books, and produced 
 158 travelogues. He also lectured through- 
 out the United States. His books include 
 Seeing Paris, New York, 1931. WWW 3 
 
 NEWMAN, GERTRUDE A. (Dec. 6, 1885- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She spent a part of her girlhood in 
 New London, Huron County, and later at- 
 tended the Cleveland School of Art. She 
 designed a rag doll, Delicia, and wrote 
 two books for children about this doll, e.g., 
 Delicia and Adolphus . . . , Chicago, [1938]. 
 
 NEWMAN, JOSEPH S. (Dec. 6, 1891-Nov. 
 10, 1960), president of Newman-Stern Com- 
 pany, was born in New London, Huron 
 County, but spent most of his life in Cleve- 
 land. He attended Case Institute of Tech- 
 nology, wrote for several Cleveland news- 
 papers, and wrote a science column for St. 
 Nicholas magazine in 1916. He invented 
 several toys and operated a large sporting 
 goods store in Cleveland. He published sev- 
 eral volumes of humorous poetry, e.g., 
 Poems for Penguins and Other Lyrical 
 Lapses, New York, [1941]. 
 
 NEWSOM, WILLIAM MONYPENY (July 7, 
 1887-Feb. 1, 1942), stockbroker, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. After grad- 
 uating from Yale University in 1909, he 
 was an official in the Breakwater Company 
 and in various brokerage houses. He con- 
 tributed numerous articles to outdoor maga- 
 zines and also wrote Whitetailed Deer, New 
 York, 1926. WWW 2 
 
 NEWHALL, ROBERT DE SAUSSURE 
 
 (c.l882-May 22, 1961), journalist, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from Princeton University, he 
 attended Oxford University, England. He 
 
 NEWSOME MARY EFFIE LEE (Jan. 19, 
 1885- ), librarian, born in Philadel- 
 phia, has lived in Wilberforce since 1896. 
 She attended Wilberforce University, 1901— 
 04, and Oberlin College, 1904-05. She is 
 
469 
 
 Nichols, Rebecca S. R. 
 
 now librarian of the elementary school at 
 Central State College. She has written one- 
 act plays, magazine articles, and poems. 
 Many of her poems have appeared in the 
 Xenia Gazette. She has also published a 
 collection of verse for children: Gladiola 
 Garden . . . , Washington, D. C, 1940. 
 
 NEWTON, BENJAMIN GWERNYDD (1865- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Putnam 
 County. Details on his career have not 
 been discovered. Besides a volume of ser- 
 mons, he published The Ideal Mother . . . , 
 New York, 1904. 
 
 NEWTON, FRANCES HALLEY (Jan. 13, 
 1871- ), was born in Xenia, Greene 
 County, attended Xenia Seminary and 
 Antioch College, but left Ohio in 1892 to 
 live in Tennessee. She graduated from the 
 University of Tennessee in 1896 and now 
 lives in Ooltewah, Tenn. She has published 
 a collection of poems: Fernseed, Philadel- 
 phia, [1948]. 
 
 NEWTON, JOSEPH H. (Jan. 10, 1836-Nov. 
 4, 1922), was born in Smithfield, Jefferson 
 County, but grew up in Holmes County, 
 where his father moved when he was two 
 years old. He learned the printing business 
 in the office of the Holmes County Farmer, 
 which his father published. He edited the 
 paper, 1856-59, served as deputy auditor 
 and county auditor for a number of years, 
 and engaged in railroads and mining. In 
 1877 with J. A. Caldwell he began pub- 
 lishing county histories for Pennsylvania, 
 West Virginia, and Ohio. In 1880 he be- 
 came editor of the Newark Advocate, 
 which he edited for over thirty years. 
 History of Venango County, Pennsylvania 
 . . . , Columbus, 1879. 
 
 NICHOLAS, EDWARD (Nov. 26, 1906- ), 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County, 
 and lived in that city until he was thirteen, 
 when his family moved to New Mexico. He 
 graduated from Princeton University in 
 1929 and did graduate work in history at 
 Harvard University and Trinity College, 
 Cambridge University. He has maintained 
 a part-time residence in Columbus while 
 living near Roslyn, N. M. His experi- 
 mental use of a biographical approach to 
 history received widespread praise from 
 critics when he published The Hours and 
 the Ages . . . , New York, [1949]. He 
 sketched American history from the Revo- 
 lution to the Civil War, using both minor 
 and major figures as symbolic of that his- 
 tory. 
 
 NICHOLS, CLIFTON MELVIN (1830-Feb. 
 9, 1903), journalist, born in Bolton, Mass., 
 came to Ohio in 1848. From 1854 until 
 his death he lived in Springfield, where he 
 edited the Nonpareil and other newspapers. 
 He also worked on the Daily News for 
 many years. 
 Life of Abraham Lincoln . . . , New York, 
 
 1896. 
 A Summer Campaign in the Shenandoah 
 
 Valley . . . , Springfield, 1899. 
 
 NICHOLS, GEORGE WARD (June 21, 
 1831-Sept. 15, 1885), born in Mt. Desert, 
 Maine, and educated in Boston, came to 
 Cincinnati after the Civil War. He married 
 Maria Longworth in 1868 and spent the 
 rest of his life in Cincinnati. He helped 
 found the School of Design and wrote 
 widely on art education. He was also presi- 
 dent of the Harmonic Society, and a series 
 of concerts that he organized led to the 
 formation of the May Festival Association, 
 which he also headed. He was also a 
 founder of the College of Music. His ef- 
 forts in behalf of the arts left a permanent 
 impression on the cultural life of Cincin- 
 nati. His diary, kept while he served as 
 aide to General Sherman, was the basis for 
 The Story of the Great March, which sold 
 very widely. The Sanctuary, a novel based 
 on the same material, was not so well re- 
 ceived. 
 The Story of the Great March . . . , New 
 
 York, 1865. 
 The Sanctuary: A Story of the Civil War, 
 
 New York, 1866. 
 Art Education Applied to Industry, New 
 
 York, 1877. 
 Pottery; How It Is Made . . . , New York, 
 
 1878. 
 
 NICHOLS, MARY SARGEANT NEAL GOVE. 
 
 See Thomas L. Nichols. 
 
 NICHOLS, REBECCA S. REED (Aug., 
 1820-1903), was born in Greenwich, N. J. 
 She moved with her father, a physician, to 
 Louisville, Ky., in 1836 and married Wil- 
 lard Nichols in 1837. In 1840 they went to 
 St. Louis, where they edited a daily news- 
 paper for a year; they then moved to Cin- 
 cinnati, where she spent her most active 
 years as a writer. She did her best work 
 for Cincinnati newspapers, writing under the 
 pen name Kate Cleveland. Her attempt to 
 establish a literary journal, The Guest, was 
 ill-advised, and only a few numbers ap- 
 peared; however, there can be no doubt 
 about her popularity. The Cincinnati Com- 
 mercial entered into an arrangement by 
 which she was paid a liberal price for an 
 
Nichols, Robert M. 
 
 470 
 
 original poem to be delivered each week, 
 and in 1851 her Songs of the Heart and of 
 the Hearthstone was published in an im- 
 posing volume under the patronage of 
 Nicholas Longworth. 
 Bernice: Or, the Curse of Minna, and 
 
 Other Poems, Cincinnati, 1844. 
 Songs of the Heart and of the Hearthstone, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1851. 
 
 NICHOLS, ROBERT M. (Jan. 25, 1890- 
 July 19, 1953), editor and writer, was 
 born in Wapakoneta, Auglaize County. For 
 thirteen years he edited Field and Stream, 
 and his books on hunting and field sports 
 include The Shotgunner, New York, [1949]. 
 
 NICHOLS, THOMAS LOW (1815-1901), re- 
 former, born in Orford, N. H., published 
 Nichols Monthly at Cincinnati, 1855-57. 
 In it he and his wife, Mary Sargeant Neal 
 Gove Nichols (Aug. 10, 1810-May 30, 
 1884), advocated spiritualism, vegetarian- 
 ism, hydrotherapy, free love, and other re- 
 forms. In 1856-57 they conducted a water- 
 cure establishment at Yellow Springs. In 
 1857 both were converted to Catholicism; 
 when the Civil War broke out, they left 
 the country and spent the rest of their 
 lives in England and France. Ardent re- 
 formers, both lectured widely and wrote a 
 great deal. They collaborated on Marriage: 
 Its History, Character, and Results . . . , 
 Cincinnati, [1854]. 
 
 NICHOLS, WILLIAM THEOPHILUS 
 
 (March 31, 1863-Jan. 26, 1931), journalist, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 After graduating from Yale University in 
 1884, he worked on the editorial staff of 
 various newspapers in the East. He pub- 
 lished short stories in national magazines 
 and several books, e.g., The Safety First 
 Club, Philadelphia, 1916. WWW 1 
 
 NICOLA, MILTON GEORGE (May 20, 
 1892- ), clergyman, was born in Ra- 
 venna, Portage County. He graduated from 
 Kenyon College and Bexley Seminary 
 and served as rector of Episcopal churches 
 in Coshocton, Mansfield, and Capitola-by- 
 the-Sea, Calif. He now lives in Titusville, 
 Pa. Under the pseudonym Clerinic, he was 
 a frequent contributor to Ted Robinson's 
 "Philosopher of Folly" column in the Cleve- 
 land Plain Dealer. He has also published 
 novels, including one about World War 
 I: Tinkling Cymbals, Chicago, [1934]. 
 
 NICOLAY, JOHN GEORGE (Feb. 26, 1832- 
 Sept. 26, 1901), private secretary to Abra- 
 ham Lincoln and co-author of a ten-volume 
 
 biography, was born in Bavaria. His father 
 brought him to America in 1838. He spent 
 part of his boyhood in Cincinnati and at- 
 tended school there before his father moved 
 farther west. 
 
 NIDA, STELLA HUMPHREY (Dec. 18, 
 1875- ), was born in Richfield, Summit 
 County. In 1902 she married William L. 
 Nida (q.v. ), who served as superintendent 
 of schools in several Ohio cities. They later 
 lived in River Forest, 111., and San Diego, 
 Calif. She has published many stories and 
 plays in magazines, collaborated with her 
 husband on several textbooks, and written 
 books for children, e.g., Letters of Polly, 
 the Pioneer . . . , New York, 1916. 
 
 NIDA, WILLIAM LEWIS (1874-Aug. 14, 
 1936), educator, was born in Gallipolis, 
 Gallia County. He attended Ohio Wesleyan 
 University and Ohio State University. He 
 taught in Gallipolis schools and later in 
 River Forest, 111., and San Diego, Calif. 
 He wrote numerous textbooks for elementary 
 schools, some in collaboration with his 
 wife, Stella H. Nida (q.v.), and Story of 
 the World War, for Young People, Oak 
 Park, 111., [1917]. WWNAA 3 
 
 MESS, SISTER MARY VERA (May, 1902- 
 ), was born in Toledo, Lucas County. 
 She graduated from Notre Dame College, 
 Cleveland, in 1928 and the University of 
 California (Ph.D.) in 1941, and is now 
 mother superior of Notre Dame Convent, 
 Cleveland. She has published textbooks and 
 other works, e.g., The Story of a Little Girl 
 . . . , New York, [1935]. 
 
 NILES, HENRY THAYER (1829-Jan. 13, 
 1901), lawyer, born in West Fairlee, Vt., 
 graduated from Dartmouth College, and 
 after two years' travel in Europe came to 
 Urbana, where he taught Latin and Greek 
 in Urbana College. He read law while in 
 Urbana, was admitted to the bar, and 
 practiced there and in Toledo. The second 
 book listed below is a long poem on 
 Buddhism and Christianity. 
 Railroad Transportation; Its Regulation by 
 
 State and National Authority, Urbana, 
 
 1881. 
 The Dawn and the Day; Or, the Buddha 
 
 and the Christ, [Toledo], 1894. 
 
 NINDE, EDWARD SUMMERFIELD (Jan. 
 1, 1866-Aug. 15, 1935), clergyman, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 his ordination to the Methodist ministry 
 in 1891, he served various churches in 
 Michigan, Rhode Island, and Pennsylvania. 
 
471 
 
 Norman 
 
 Besides two books about hymns, he wrote 
 a biographv: George Whitefield, Prophet- 
 Preacher, New York, [1924]. WWW 1 
 
 NTPGEN, ALVIN PROBASCO (Dec. 23, 
 1871-Jan. 30, 1936), lawyer, was born in 
 Chillicothe, Ross County. He graduated 
 from Yale University in 1894 and the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati Law School in 1896. 
 He practiced law in Cincinnati, 1896-98, 
 served for a few months in the 1st Regi- 
 ment, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, in 1898, and 
 practiced law and engaged in mining in 
 Montana, 1900-07. He retired in 1907. In 
 1917 he returned to Chillicothe, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life. 
 In Ye Goode Olde Colony Dayes, New 
 
 York, 1894. 
 The Moon Is Her Mirror; A Libretto in 
 
 Three Acts, Butte, Mont., [1902]. 
 
 NIXON, ANNA (c.l881-May 20, 1940), jour- 
 nalist, was born in Zoar, Tuscarawas 
 County. After working as a reporter for 
 the Cleveland Press in the 1920s, she re- 
 turned to Zoar to spend the remainder of 
 her life. Using the pen name Lucy Walling, 
 she and Lucie Schneider, also an employee 
 of the Press, wrote a novel which was 
 serialized as For Love of Eve and pub- 
 lished in book form as Eve's Temptation, 
 New York, [1934]. 
 
 NIXON, OLIVER WOODSON (Oct. 25, 
 1825-1906), physician and journalist, was 
 born in Guilford County, N. C, but was 
 reared in Indiana, where his father moved 
 in 1830. He graduated from Farmers' Col- 
 lege, Cincinnati, in 1848, taught for a time 
 in Harveysburg, made a trip to California 
 and Oregon in 1850. and graduated from 
 Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 
 1855. He practiced for a time in Wilming- 
 ton, and during the Civil War he served 
 in the 39th O.V.I, and on the medical staff 
 of the Army of Missouri. After the war 
 he served two terms as Hamilton County 
 treasurer. In 1870 he founded the Cincin- 
 nati Chronicle, later merged with the Times. 
 In 1878 he and his brother purchased the 
 Inter-Ocean, and thereafter he lived in 
 Chicago. He sold his interest in the news- 
 paper and retired in 1896. His book was 
 probably the most influential in creating the 
 legend of Marcus Whitman's ride from Ore- 
 gon to persuade government officials not 
 to relinquish the territory to Great Britain. 
 How Marcus Whitman Saved Oregon . . . , 
 Chicago, 1895. 
 
 NOBLE, CYRUS W. (Sept. 14, 1871-May 
 29, 1945), physician, was born on a farm 
 
 near North Fairfield, Huron County. After 
 graduating from Eclectic Medical College, 
 Cincinnati, in 1897, he practiced in Hoyt- 
 ville, Wood County, until 1910, when he 
 moved to Toledo. He published Memories, 
 [Toledo, 1922]. 
 
 NOFFSINGER, JOHN SAMUEL (Dec. 21, 
 1886- ), educator, was born in Dayton, 
 Montgomery County. He graduated from 
 Mt. Morris College, 111., in 1913 and Co- 
 lumbia University (Ph.D.) in 1925. He has 
 taught in Dayton and other cities, was super- 
 intendent of schools in the Philippine Is- 
 lands, was president of Mt. Morris College, 
 1915-18, was director of the National Home 
 Study Council, and has served on various 
 other educational councils and agencies. 
 Since 1952 he has been executive director 
 of International Voluntary Services and has 
 resided in Washington, D. C. His writings 
 include Correspondence School, Lyceums, 
 Chautauquas, New York, 1926. WW 27 
 
 NOLAN, PRESTON MEREDITH (Jan. 14, 
 1875-Jan. 9, 1931), was born in Uhrichs- 
 ville, Tuscarawas County. He established 
 his own firm of appraisers with headquarters 
 in Chicago. He published several books, 
 including a volume of verse and Business 
 First, Chicago, [1928]. WWW 1 
 
 NOLEN, ELEANOR WEAKLEY (June 19, 
 1905-March 12, 1942), librarian, was born 
 in Cincinnati. Hamilton County. After grad- 
 uating from the School of Library Science, 
 Western Reserve University, she worked in 
 libraries in Cleveland, Philadelphia, and 
 Cincinnati. She wrote numerous articles 
 on children's literature and several books 
 for children, e.g., an account of a trip to 
 Cincinnati in 1840: The Cowhide Trunk, 
 New York, [1941]. 
 
 NORDHOFF, CHARLES (Aug. 31, 1830- 
 July 14, 1901), journalist, born in Prussia, 
 was brought to Cincinnati in 1835. He at- 
 tended school there and at thirteen was 
 apprenticed to a printer. A prolific writer 
 in later life, he wrote several books about 
 the sea, e.g., Man-of-War Life . . . , New 
 York, 1856, attacks on slavery, and a valu- 
 able account of communistic communities in 
 America. 
 
 NORMAN, CARL ADOLPH (Jan. 12, 1879- 
 ), educator, was born in Borga, Fin- 
 land. He graduated in engineering from 
 the Royal Technical Institute, Stockholm, 
 Sweden, in 1900. He came to the United 
 States in 1902 and was on the engineering 
 faculty of Ohio State University, 1917-50. 
 
Norris, E. 
 
 472 
 
 He now lives in St. Petersburg, Fla. He has 
 published technical articles as well as 
 articles on religion and economics and A 
 Galilean; Dramatic Poem in Six Acts, [Co- 
 lumbus, 1929]. WW 27 
 
 NORRIS, EMORY (Dec. 30, 1909- ), jour- 
 nalist, was born in Harrisburg, Franklin 
 County. After graduating from Ohio State 
 University in 1931, he taught school for 
 three years in Bellville. After serving as an 
 editor on the Federal Writers' Project, he 
 became editor of the Grove City Record 
 in 1938 and has since held that position 
 except for service in the Air Force, 1943- 
 47. He has published some poems under 
 the pen name Alan Bodle and a collection 
 under his own name: Early Poems, Grove 
 City, [1941]. 
 
 NORRIS, GEORGE WILLIAM (July 11, 
 1861-Sept. 2, 1944), Senator from Ne- 
 braska, 1913-43, was born on a farm in 
 Sandusky County. He attended Baldwin 
 University before moving to Indiana, where 
 he studied law, and in 1885 to Nebraska, 
 where he began his distinguished career of 
 public service. His autobiography was pub- 
 lished posthumously: Fighting Liberal . . . , 
 New York, 1945. WWW 2 
 
 NORTHROP, EVELYN (March 20, 1900- 
 Feb. 10, 1939), educator, was born in New 
 Paris, Preble County. After attending Pre- 
 ble County Normal School and Miami Uni- 
 versity, she taught in Ohio schools for a 
 number of years. She published poems and 
 plays, e.g., A Merry Christmas, after All, 
 Dayton, [1934]. 
 
 NORTHROP, STEPHEN ABBOTT (April 
 
 7, 1852-March 25, 1918), clergyman, was 
 born in Granville, Licking County. After 
 studying for three years at Denison Uni- 
 versity, he graduated from Colgate Uni- 
 versity in 1876 and Rochester Theological 
 Seminary in 1877. He was ordained to the 
 Baptist ministry in 1877 and served as pas- 
 tor of churches in Michigan, Indiana, Mis- 
 souri, California, and Kansas. 
 A Cloud of Witnesses . . . , Fort Wayne, 
 Ind., [1894]. 
 
 NORTON, ALICE MARY (Feb. 17, 1912- 
 ), librarian, was born and educated in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. She served 
 on the staff of the Cleveland Public Library, 
 1930-51. Using the pen name Andre Nor- 
 ton, she has written several historical novels, 
 e.g., Ralestone Luck, New York, 1938. 
 WWAW 1 
 
 NORTON, ANDRE. Pseud. See Alice M. 
 Norton. 
 
 NORTON, ANTHONY BANNING (May 6, 
 1821-Dec. 31, 1893), was born in Mount 
 Vernon, Knox County, the son of Daniel 
 S. Norton, a slaveholding proprietor of 
 extensive plantations in the Attakapas dis- 
 trict of Louisiana, and one-time adventurous 
 trader and mill operator, whose expeditions 
 carried him into the upper Ohio valley 
 region. Eventually finding himself involved 
 in numerous promising business ventures 
 centering around Mount Vernon, he settled 
 there in 1817. Here he remained the rest 
 of his days, though never relinquishing the 
 idea of returning to his Louisiana planta- 
 tions, which he continued to operate through 
 an agent for nearly fifty years. In 1836, 
 he took up the cause of Sam Houston, 
 financing, equipping and sending to Texas 
 a company of 67 men from Knox County 
 and a second and somewhat larger com- 
 pany from Zanesville. Also, the presump- 
 tion that he contributed heavily to the 
 organization of similar companies from 
 Washington, Pa., and Louisville, Ky., is 
 not without some supporting evidence. 
 Anthony B. Norton graduated from Kenyon 
 College in 1840. He studied law at Wash- 
 ington, Pa., in the office of his father's old 
 friends, John L. Gow and Thomas McGiffin, 
 the latter an intimate friend and business 
 associate of Henry Clay. Admitted to the 
 bar at Portsmouth, he returned to Mount 
 Vernon to practice his profession, in which 
 he made little headway, for his ruling pas- 
 sion was politics — the politics of a congenital 
 advocate of slavery and a burning disciple 
 of Henry Clay. In 1844 he impulsively 
 vowed not to cut his hair or shave his 
 beard until Henry Clay became President 
 of the United States, a resolution which 
 rendered him a unique, and, in his old age, 
 a most picturesque figure with his long 
 flowing white hair and beard. Dissatisfied 
 with the antislavery sentiments of the edi- 
 tor of their local organ, The Day Book, 
 Mount Vernon Whigs forced him to dis- 
 continue publication in 1839 and advertised 
 throughout Ohio for someone to come on 
 and publish a paper. Under this call James 
 Emmet Wilson, uncle of Woodrow Wilson, 
 started the Knox County Republican. Even 
 under the favorable auspices of the trium- 
 phant campaign of 1840, it was short-lived, 
 folding up in the fall of 1841, and Wilson 
 turned to preaching. Not until 1848 did 
 the old line Whigs get their newspaper, 
 when Norton established the weekly Mount 
 Vernon True Whig and Chippewa War 
 Club. He took over the editor's chair in 
 
473 
 
 Notestein, L. L. 
 
 1852 and established and edited Norton's 
 Daily True Whig in 1853. The support of 
 both papers was largely derived from his 
 own purse. His temperate editorials were 
 a far cry from those of the early swash- 
 buckling days of the Chippewa War Club; 
 but as the antislavery firebrands fanned 
 the flames of abolitionism in central Ohio, 
 his position became increasingly difficult. 
 In the fall of 1854 he was driven from the 
 neighboring city of Mansfield by a mob of 
 abolitionists. Toward the end of the follow- 
 ing March he suspended his newspapers, 
 and, announcing, "Ohio's going to Hell, and 
 I'm going to Texas," he took off for more 
 congenial surroundings in the Lone Star 
 State. During a tour of Texas in 1851 he 
 had met many of his father's old friends, 
 including Sam Houston. Now, in 1855, he 
 experienced no delay in getting established, 
 and shortly his political career in Texas 
 was in full swing. He established and edited 
 The Intelligencer at Austin in November, 
 1856. He was elected to the Texas House 
 of Representatives in 1857 and again in 
 1859, and during the recess of the first 
 session of this legislature, Governor Sam 
 Houston appointed him his adjutant gen- 
 eral. With the intensification of the sec- 
 tional struggle he again found himself in 
 hot water, for he was a stanch Union 
 man. On Jan. 24, 1860 — with secession 
 but a few days away — he appeared before 
 the Texas legislature, and delivered a forth- 
 right speech in support of Governor Hous- 
 ton's stand against the South Carolina reso- 
 lutions. And again, as late as April 8, 1861, 
 smarting under the attacks of the editors 
 of leading Texas newspapers that charged 
 him with being an abolitionist, he appeared 
 before the same body, and delivered a 
 courageous speech in vindication of him- 
 self and in defense of the Union. It was a 
 futile gesture, and, Texas having seceded 
 from the Union, Norton seceded from 
 Texas. He returned to the seclusion of his 
 home in Mount Vernon, where he passed 
 the time by writing his History of Knox 
 County — an amusing yet valuable compila- 
 tion — and in doing what he could to al- 
 leviate the condition of Texans in Ohio 
 prison camps. After the end of the war 
 he returned to Texas, where he refused 
 two appointments proffered him by the 
 Federal government. However, during the 
 Provisional Government of Reconstruction, 
 he accepted the post of judge in the rabidly 
 pro-Southern district embracing Dallas and 
 surrounding counties. Practically every law- 
 yer in the district was bittery opposed to 
 him, but came to respect him because of 
 his just decisions. For a time he published 
 
 The Union Intelligencer at Jefferson, until 
 the press was destroyed by a mob and he 
 had to take to the thickets of Van Zandt 
 County for personal safety. President Grant 
 appointed him postmaster of Dallas, an 
 office which he held until 1879, when 
 Hayes made him United States Marshal for 
 North Texas. During his tenure of these 
 offices he edited a weekly and daily news- 
 paper, Norton's Intelligencer. In 1882 he 
 was the Greenback Party's nominee for 
 governor. He was again driven from Texas 
 in 1888, but this time as "an invalid driven 
 from his home in Texas by poison oak, 
 to the banks of the Kokosing." On this 
 occasion he wrote his Reminiscences of the 
 Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign. At 
 the back of this work he lists eight titles 
 "by the same author." So far as is known, 
 only one of these was ever published. He 
 died at Dallas, Texas. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Vindication of A. B. Norton, from the 
 Attacks of His Enemies; Made in the 
 Texas Legislature, April 8, 1861, [Austin, 
 Texas, 1861]. 
 A History of Knox County, Ohio, from 
 1779 to 1862 Inclusive . . . , Columbus, 
 1862. 
 The Great Revolution of 1840. Reminiscences 
 of the Log Cabin and Hard Cider Cam- 
 paign, Mount Vernon, 1888. 
 Tippecanoe Songs of the Log Cabin Boys 
 and Girls of 1840, Mount Vernon, 1888. 
 
 NORTON, JESSIE (June 9, 1867-March 26, 
 1928), educator, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. She taught in Cleveland 
 schools for 41 years. She composed rather 
 melancholy poetry in order to encourage 
 her pupils' interest in literature. 
 Sappho, a Classico-Historical Play for 
 
 Girls, New York, 1894. 
 Hearts' Ease and Other Verses, Cleveland, 
 1898. 
 
 NORTON, WILLIAM HARMON (April 3, 
 1856-May 3, 1944), geologist, was born in 
 Willoughby, Lake County. He graduated 
 from Cornell College, Iowa, in 1875 and 
 from 1875 until 1923 was a member of the 
 faculty of his alma mater. He published a 
 geology textbook, numerous technical re- 
 ports and surveys, and The Church and 
 Social Action, Chicago, [1936?]. WWW 2 
 
 NOTESTEIN, LUCY LILIAN (June 21, 1891 - 
 ), educator and editor, sister of Wal- 
 lace Notestein (q.v.), was born in Wooster, 
 Wayne County. She graduated from the 
 College of Wooster in 1911 and Radcliffe 
 College in 1918. She taught English at the 
 
Notestein, W. 
 
 474 
 
 University of Illinois, 1918-20, and Western 
 Reserve University, 1920-23. She was as- 
 sociated with the Presbyterian Board of Mis- 
 sions, 1923-28, and was on the editorial staff 
 of Reader's Digest, 1929-53. She now lives in 
 Wooster. She completed a history of the col- 
 lege which had been begun by her father, 
 Jonas O. Notestein, professor of Latin at the 
 college for many years: Wooster of the 
 Middle West, New Haven, [Conn.], 1937. 
 
 NOTESTEIN, WALLACE (Dec. 16, 1878- 
 ), educator brother of Lucy L. Note- 
 stein (q.v.), was born in Wooster, Wayne 
 County, where his father was a professor 
 of Latin. He graduated from University 
 of Wooster in 1900. He served in the his- 
 tory departments of several universities and 
 was Sterling professor of English history 
 at Yale, 1928-47. He has published a num- 
 ber of books on English history, e.g., Eng- 
 lish Folk; A Book of Characters, New York, 
 [1938]. WW 30 
 
 NOVOTNY, LOUISE MILLER (April 26, 
 1889- ), born in Polk County, Iowa, 
 moved to Cincinnati in 1925. She operated 
 a private school of dramatics, 1925-38, and 
 graduated from Cincinnati Bible Seminary 
 in 1940. She now lives in Des Moines. She 
 has published several books for use in Sun- 
 day schools and a play: Jesus First . . . , 
 [Butler, Ind., 1944]. 
 
 NUGENT, ELLIOTT (Sept. 20, 1900- ), 
 was born in Dover, Tuscarawas County. 
 His parents, who were on the Keith-Orpheum 
 vaudeville circuit, took him on many of 
 their tours, and he made his stage debut 
 in Los Angeles at the age of four. After 
 graduating from Dover High School in 
 1916, he entered Ohio State University. 
 His three best-known stage comedies, Kempy 
 (1922) and The Poor Nut (1925), which 
 he wrote with his father, the late J. C. 
 Nugent (q.v.), and The Male Animal 
 (1940), done in collaboration with one of 
 his oldest friends and admirers, all deal 
 with aspects of life in Ohio. Kempy, in 
 which Elliott played the title role in a 
 performance rated by Heywood Broun one 
 of the finest of that season, had as its setting 
 Elliott's birthplace, Dover (called Calais 
 in the play), and the other two comedies 
 dealt with life in a university easily recog- 
 nizable, in part, as his alma mater, Ohio 
 State. By Request (1928), another hilarious 
 comedy by the Nugents fils et pere, told the 
 story of a young Ohioan and his wife in 
 New York's Greenwich Village. While still 
 an undergraduate at Ohio State, young 
 Nugent wrote a short story called "Larry 
 Pyramids," which was bought by H. L. 
 
 Mencken for the Smart Set. When The 
 Male Animal played for a week in Balti- 
 more in Dec, 1939, Mencken still remem- 
 bered that story and said, "We expected to 
 hear a lot more from its brilliant author." 
 A lot more was heard from Elliott Nugent, 
 but not in the form of magazine prose, for 
 the theater was the medium nearest his 
 heart, and most of his career since 1921 
 has been devoted to playwriting, as well 
 as acting, directing, and producing, with 
 occasional sojourns in Hollywood, where 
 he became well known for his perceptive 
 and intelligent writing, acting, and direct- 
 ing in many motion pictures. At the uni- 
 versity Elliott had been a news editor of 
 the Ohio State Lantern and associate editor 
 and a chief contributor to the monthly 
 Sun-Dial, and his stature as the most emi- 
 nent alumnus of the university dramatic 
 club, The Strollers, has not been challenged 
 in the years that have followed. Elliott 
 Nugent's sound knowledge of play construc- 
 tion is equaled by his skill in the writing 
 of both comic and serious dialogue. To 
 these natural abilities he brought another 
 and unique talent, unsurpassed in Ameri- 
 can stage comedy — a quiet, persuasive, and 
 often moving skill in the interpretation of 
 such sensitive and complicated characters 
 as the student, John Miller, in The Poor 
 Nut, and the English professor, Tommy 
 Turner, in The Male Animal. His basic 
 literary gift informs his stage characteriza- 
 tions with a convincing authority. "No 
 other actor," said the late playwright Philip 
 Barry, "can bring such skill and sincerity 
 to the presentation of a sensitive nature, a 
 troubled spirit, or an embattled intellect." 
 For nearly four decades his colleagues in 
 the theater have been well aware that the 
 Nugent touch at once lights up a play and 
 deepens its significance. 
 
 James Thurber 
 
 NUGENT, JOHN CHARLES (April 6, 1868- 
 April 21, 1947), actor, was born in Niles, 
 Trumbull County. After making his first 
 stage appearance at Somerset, he traveled 
 with vaudeville troupes and repertory com- 
 panies. He was especially popular as a 
 monologist and wrote his own sketches. 
 His last stage appearance was in Nov., 
 1946, after 47 years as a Broadway actor. 
 He was author or co-author of many plays, 
 e.g., a collaboration with his son, Elliott 
 Nugent (q.v.): The Poor Nut, New York, 
 1925. He also wrote an autobiography: It's 
 a Great Life, New York, 1940. 
 
 NYE, MARGARET FRETTER (Dec. 31, 
 1902- ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. Wife of a Cleveland attorney, 
 
475 
 
 O'Ferrall 
 
 Walker H. Nye, she published weekly 
 sketches in the Cleveland News and later 
 collected them in an edition illustrated by 
 herself: Rabbits . . . and Other People, 
 New York, 1947. 
 
 NYE, NELSON CORAL (Sept. 28, 1907- 
 ), was born in Chicago, but grew up 
 in Cleveland and Cincinnati. He studied at 
 the Cincinnati Art Academy and other 
 art schools and now lives in Arizona. He 
 is a prolific writer of Western stories, e.g., 
 Gunfighter Breed, New York, 1942, pub- 
 lished under his own name. He has also 
 
 published under various pen names: as 
 Drake C. Denver, Tinbadge, New York, 
 [1941], and as Clem Colt, Hair-Trigger, 
 New York, [1940]. WWNAA 7 
 
 NYGAARD, NORMAN EUGENE (July 16, 
 1897- ), clergyman, born in Minneap- 
 olis, Minn., was pastor of Presbyterian 
 churches in Steubenville and Lisbon for 
 approximately eight years. He is now pas- 
 tor of First Presbyterian Church, Kimball, 
 Neb. He has published devotional books, 
 plays, sermons, and novels, e.g., They Sought 
 a Country, New York, 1950. 
 
 o 
 
 OAK, VISHNU VITTHAL (Nov. 30, 1895- 
 ), educator, was born in Bombay, In- 
 dia. He graduated from St. Xavier College 
 and from Clark University (Ph.D.) in 
 1937. He taught at Wilberforce University, 
 1927-30 and 1939-49, and is now on the 
 faculty of Harris Teachers College, St. 
 Louis, Mo. His writings include The Negro 
 Entrepreneur, Yellow Springs, 1948. WWAE 
 13 
 
 OAKES (OCHS), GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 (Oct. 27, 1861-Oct. 26, 1931), journalist, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 The family moved to Tennessee in 1864, 
 and he grew up in that state. He was as- 
 sociated with newspapers owned by his 
 brother Adolph S. Ochs: the Chattanooga 
 Daily Times, the Philadelphia Ledger, and 
 the New York Times. In 1917, because of 
 his indignation against Germany, he as- 
 sumed Oakes as a family name. After his 
 death William H. Schuyler edited The Life 
 and Letters of George Washington Ochs- 
 Oakes . . . , [n.p., 1933]. DAB 13 
 
 OAKLEY, IMOGEN BRASHEAR (Oct. 14, 
 1854-Sept. 12, 1933), was born in Dover, 
 Tuscarawas County. She graduated from 
 Collegiate School, Pittsburgh, in 1871. She 
 traveled extensively, and for a number of 
 years she was chairman of the civil serv- 
 ice department, General Federation of 
 Women's Clubs. She died in Philadelphia. 
 Her writings include Six Historic Home- 
 steads, Philadelphia, 1935, and Awake, 
 America! And Other Verse, Philadelphia, 
 1934. 
 
 OBED. Pseud. See Homer U. Johnson. 
 
 O'BRIEN, FREDERICK (June 16, 1869- 
 Jan. 9, 1932), born in Baltimore, Md., be- 
 came a reporter in Marion in 1894 after 
 nearly ten years as a sailor and hobo. He 
 worked as a reporter for the Marion Mir- 
 ror and later for the Star, published by 
 Warren G. Harding. This began his career 
 as a newspaperman and traveler. After 
 working on newspapers in various parts of 
 the U. S. and Hawaii, he first achieved 
 literary success in 1919 with an account 
 of his stay in the Marquesas: White Shad- 
 ows in the South Seas, New York, 1919. 
 DAB 13 
 
 O'BRIEN, PATRICK (Feb. 20, 1844-June 
 22, 1930), clergyman and Irish nationalist, 
 was born in County Wexford, Ireland. He 
 was ordained to the Roman Catholic priest- 
 hood in Cleveland, July 21, 1872. He 
 served parishes in Youngstown, Toledo, 
 Cleveland, and Fremont. His only literary 
 production, so far as is known, was a close 
 imitation of Goldsmith's Deserted Village. 
 The poem, which was written in 1874, is 
 a militant plea for Irish independence. 
 The Emerald Isle: A Poem, Cleveland, 
 1890. 
 
 O'FERRALL, KIRK BASSETT (July 19, 
 1888- ), clergyman, was born in Piqua, 
 
 Miami County. He graduated from Kenyon 
 College in 1909 and was ordained to the 
 Episcopal priesthood in 1913. Between 1913 
 and 1930 he served churches in Dayton, 
 Toledo, Lima, and Cleveland. In 1930 he 
 became dean of St. Paul's Cathedral, De- 
 troit, Mich. He now lives in California. He 
 has published several travel books, e.g., 
 Summer Journeyings among the English 
 Cathedrals, Detroit, 1939. WW 26 
 
Officer 
 
 476 
 
 OFFICER, MORRIS (July 21, 1823-Nov. 1, 
 1874), clergyman, was born near Millers- 
 burg, Holmes County. After graduating 
 from Wittenberg College and Seminary, he 
 was ordained a Lutheran minister in 1851. 
 He served as a missionary in Africa, 1852— 
 54 and 1860-61, and also established home 
 missions in the United States. He later 
 became a Congregationalist minister. He 
 died in Topeka, Kan. 
 
 A Plea for a Lutheran Mission in Liberia, 
 
 Springfield, 1855. 
 Western Africa a Mission Field . . . , 
 
 Pittsburgh, 1856. 
 African Bible Pictures . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1859. 
 
 OGDEN, GEORGE CAMPRELL (March 
 10, 1841-Dec. 1, 1911), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. Although he 
 graduated from Miami University in 1863 
 and from Ohio Medical College in 1866, 
 he did not practice medicine, but devoted 
 himself to travel, painting, and literary 
 pursuits. The posthumous collection of his 
 verse, edited by Charles H. Fisk, was pub- 
 lished by his sister, Laura O. Whaling: 
 Poems . . . , [Cincinnati, 1912]. 
 
 OGDEN, GUSSIE DERENATH (Jan. 31, 
 1862-April 9, 1945), was born in Alsace- 
 Lorraine, but while still a child was brought 
 to Cincinnati by her widowed mother. Mar- 
 ried to a Cincinnati real-estate dealer, 
 Frank M. Ogden, in 1889, she made her 
 home in that city. She wrote several plays 
 and considerable fiction, e.g.. Double Har- 
 ness, New York, [1930]. 
 
 OGDEN, ROLLO (Jan. 19, 1856-Feb. 22, 
 1937), born at Sand Lake, N. Y., was a 
 Presbyterian minister in Cleveland, 1880— 
 81 and 1883-87. He abandoned the minis- 
 try for journalism and was later on the 
 staff of the New York Evening Post. He 
 wrote a volume for the American Men 
 of Letters series: William Hick ling Prescott, 
 Boston, 1904. 
 
 OGDON, INA DULEY (April 3, 1872- ), 
 born in Rossville, 111., but for many years 
 a resident of West Toledo, wrote the words 
 for a great many hymns, including "Brighten 
 the Corner Where You Are." She also 
 published stories, articles, and several vol- 
 umes of verse, e.g., A Keepsake from "The 
 Old House," St. Louis, Mo., [1937]. WW 26 
 
 OGLESBY, WILLIAM DICKEY (1877- 
 
 March 21, 1959), was born in Middletown, 
 Butler County. A graduate of Yale Uni- 
 versity, he was president of the O. K. Paper 
 
 Pail Manufacturing Company and vice 
 president of the Oglesby-Barnitz Bank & 
 Trust Company. His books for boys were 
 published by the United Brethren publish- 
 ing house. 
 
 Dick's Trip to Mexico in 1898, [n.p., 1898]. 
 Dick's Journal of Camp Peerless, 1897- 
 
 1898, [Dayton, n.d.]. 
 Dick's Trip to California in 1894 . . . , 
 
 [Dayton, n.d.]. 
 
 O'HARA, JULIE CAROLINE (Dec. 15, 
 
 1868-Aug. 11, 1948), educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, and spent 
 her life in that city. She taught in Cincin- 
 nati schools and was a member of the 
 Woman's Press Club. She has published 
 many stories for children; a novel, The 
 Secret Shrine, a Romance, London, [1934]; 
 and a volume of poetry, Attic Memories 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1934. 
 
 O'HARE, TERESA REATRICE (?-?), 
 mother of Anne O'Hare McCormick (q.v.), 
 was born in England. She lived in Colum- 
 bus and Cleveland. Her last address in 
 Ohioana files (1940) is Cleveland. She 
 wrote poems and articles for a number of 
 Catholic magazines. 
 Songs at Twilight, Columbus, 1898. 
 
 O. HENRY. Pseud. See William Sydney 
 Porter. 
 
 OHLINGER, GUSTAVUS (July 15, 1877- 
 ), lawyer, was born in Washington, 
 D. C. He graduated from the University 
 of Michigan in 1899 and from the law 
 school in 1902. He practiced law in Shang- 
 hai, China, 1903-05, and since 1905 has 
 practiced in Toledo. He has published a 
 legal textbook and The German Conspiracy 
 in American Education, New York, [1919]. 
 WWNAA 7 
 
 O'KANE, GERALD G. (May 8, 1902- ), 
 was born in Philadelphia, but was taken 
 to Ireland as a child and lived there 
 until 1922. He has lived in Akron since 
 1933. Now employed as a deputy in Sum- 
 mit County Probate Court, he has done 
 considerable free-lance writing and has also 
 supervised the indexing of the Akron Bea- 
 con-Journal. His poems have appeared in 
 various periodicals, and he has written a 
 novel about the Irish rebellion of 1916 and 
 its aftermath: St. Patrick Told the Shoe- 
 maker, Philadelphia, [1948]. 
 
 O'KANE, WALTER COLLINS (Nov. 10, 
 1877- ), educator, was born in Co- 
 lumbus, Franklin County. After graduating 
 
477 
 
 Olson 
 
 from Ohio State University in 1897. he 
 worked on various magazines until 1909, 
 when he began graduate study. He taught 
 entomology at the University of New Hamp- 
 shire, was on the staff of New Hampshire 
 Experimental Station. 191 1 — 47, and since 
 his retirement has continued to live in 
 Durham, N. H. He has published articles, 
 nature handbooks, and Jim and Peggv at 
 Apple-Top Farm, New York, 1923. WW 26 
 
 OLCOTT, HENRY STEEL (Aug. 2. 1832- 
 Feb. 17, 1907), theosophist, born in Orange, 
 N. J., lived on a farm in northern Ohio, 
 1848-53. While there, he developed an 
 interest in spiritualism that later led to his 
 joining Mme. Elena Blavatsky in founding 
 the Theosophical Society and in writing 
 several books on spiritualism, e.g., People 
 from the Other World, Hartford, Conn., 
 1875. 
 
 OLDHAM, SAMUEL (July 12, 1833-Dec. 
 
 31, 1911), was born in Cambridge. Guern- 
 sey County, but moved to Zanesville in 
 1849 and spent most of his life in that 
 community. He worked on the Zanesville 
 Courier and later became joint rate inspec- 
 tor for railroads serving Zanesville. He pub- 
 lished Poems and Historical Papers . . . , 
 Zanesville, 1912. 
 
 OLDS, HELEN DIEHL (Mrs. Phelps) 
 (April 29, 1895- ), was born in Spring- 
 field. Clark County. After attending Welles- 
 ley College and the University of Texas, 
 she completed her B.A. in 1921 at Witten- 
 berg College. She has worked on several 
 newspapers and for NBC radio programs. 
 Besides numerous short stories published in 
 magazines, she has written several novels 
 for girls, e.g.. Joan of the Journal, New 
 York, 1930. WW AW 1 
 
 OLDS, JULIA GALLOWAY. See Julia Re- 
 becca Galloway. 
 
 OLDS, ROBERT (May 30, 1916- ), was 
 
 born in Warren. Trumbull County. After 
 graduating from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1938, he was with the United Press, 
 1938-41, served on the sports department 
 of the Columbus Citizen, 1 94 1 — 42. and 
 joined the public relations staff of Curtiss- 
 Wright Corporation, Columbus, in 1942. 
 He is now a public relations counsel with 
 the Ohio Education Association and edits 
 the magazine Trends. He has published a 
 book about a Navy bombing squadron: 
 Helldiver Squadron . . . , New York, 1944. 
 
 OLIN, JOHN MYERS (July 10, 1851-Dec. 
 
 7, 1924), lawyer, was born in Lexington, 
 
 Richland County. A graduate of Williams 
 College and the University of Wisconsin 
 Law School, he practiced in Madison, Wis., 
 and served on the law faculty of the Uni- 
 versity there. He wrote Review of the 
 Mooney Case . . . , [Madison?, 1920?]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 OLIN, SAUL CHALMER (Oct. 12, 1903- 
 ), was born in Fairport Harbor, Lake 
 County, but now lives in Lakewood. He 
 has lectured on the history of the Great 
 Lakes, worked on several newspapers, 
 written advertising copy, and served with 
 the War Manpower Commission during 
 World War II. His writings include poetry, 
 fiction, and a historical pamphlet: The Story 
 of Fairport . . . , [Fairport Harbor, 1946]. 
 
 OLIVER, GEORGE FLETCHER (1853- 
 Jan. 13, 1924), clergyman, was born in 
 Uhrichsville. Tuscarawas County. A gradu- 
 ate of Mount Union College and Boston 
 University, he was for many years pastor 
 of First Friends Church, Cleveland. He 
 wrote A Trip through Bible Lands and Eu- 
 rope . . . , Champaign, 111., 1915. 
 
 OLIVER, WADE WRIGHT (Aug. 30, 1890- 
 ), physician and educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He grad- 
 uated from the University of Michigan in 
 1912 and from the University of Cincinnati 
 Medical School in 1915. He was professor 
 of bacteriology at Long Island College of 
 Medicine, 1917—48, and since 1948 has 
 been an official of the Rockefeller Founda- 
 tion. He has published medical articles and 
 a collection of poems: Fantasia . . . , Port- 
 land, Maine, 1938. AMS 9 
 
 OLMSTEAD, MILLICENT (July 1, 1871- 
 June 3. 1939), journalist, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. After studying at 
 Miss Mittleberger's School for Girls, she 
 studied in Europe. She worked on the 
 Cleveland Plain Dealer and the Cleveland 
 Leader, 1899-1905. She wrote for chil- 
 dren's magazines and was in public rela- 
 tions work after 1908. 
 Daffy -Down-Dilty, [Cleveland], 1894. 
 The Land of Never Was . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 [1908]. 
 The Land of Really True . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, [1909]. 
 Harmony Wins. A Bright Little Girl Brings 
 Music out of Discord, Boston, [1913]. 
 
 OLSON, OSCAR THOMAS (1887- ), 
 clergyman, born in Chicago, became pastor 
 of the Epworth-Euclid Methodist Church. 
 Cleveland, in 1934. He has published var- 
 
Olt 
 
 478 
 
 ious articles in religious magazines and a 
 book of worship: Some Values for To- 
 day, New York, [1930]. WW 28 
 
 OLT, GEORGE RUSSELL (Nov. 10, 1895- 
 June 28, 1958), educator, was born in Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. He graduated 
 from Lebanon University in 1916. He served 
 on the faculty of Wilmington College, 1 9 17— 
 25, and after 1925 was professor of philos- 
 ophy and psychology and dean of Ander- 
 son College, Anderson, Ind. His writings 
 include William Carey, Prophet to India, 
 Anderson, Ind., [1930]. WWW 3 
 
 OMWAKE, JOHN (Jan. 13, 1855-April 23, 
 1939), was born in Greencastle, Pa., but 
 spent much of his life in Cincinnati. He 
 was associated with several Cincinnati in- 
 dustries and was president of the U. S. Play- 
 ing Card Co. and the U. S. Printing Co., 
 1906-32, and chairman of the board, 1932- 
 39. He wrote a historical study which was 
 privately published for his friends: The 
 Conestoga Six-Horse Bell Teams of Eastern 
 Pennsylvania, Cincinnati, 1930. WWW 1 
 
 OPPER, EMMA A. (1864-Feb. 13, 1946), 
 artist, was born in Madison, Lake County, 
 the sister of the pioneer comic-strip artist 
 Frederick Burr Opper (q.v.). The family 
 moved to New York City around 1884 but 
 frequently returned to Madison for visits. 
 Miss Opper moved to Monroe, Conn., in 
 1916; she died in Bridgeport, Conn. The 
 second title below was written in collabora- 
 tion with her brother. 
 
 Slate-and-Pencil People, New York, [1885]. 
 Patchwork in Pictures and Print, New York, 
 1888. 
 
 OPPER, FREDERICK BURR (Jan. 2. 1857- 
 Aug. 27, 1937), cartoonist, was born in 
 Madison, Lake County, where he attended 
 public school until he was fourteen. After 
 a year working in the office of the Madison 
 Gazette, he went to New York. He pub- 
 lished cartoons in various comic maga- 
 zines, joined Frank Leslie's staff in 1877, 
 transferred to the humorous magazine Puck 
 in 1881, and remained there until 1899. 
 In that year he was employed by William 
 Randolph Hearst and continued with the 
 Hearst organization until 1932. F. Opper 
 and Richard F. Outcault (q.v.) originated 
 the comic strip. Opper's most famous strips 
 were "Happy Hooligan," begun in 1899, 
 "Alphonse and Gaston," "Our Antediluvian 
 Ancestors," and "Maud the Mule." Numer- 
 ous collections of his cartoons were pub- 
 lished in addition to those listed. He also il- 
 lustrated books by Mark Twain, Bill Nye, 
 
 Finley Peter Dunne, and other humorists of 
 the late nineteenth century. 
 Puck's Opper Book, New York, 1888. 
 This Funny World As Puck Sees It ... , 
 
 New York, [1890]. 
 The Folks in Funnyville; Pictures and 
 
 Verses, New York, 1900. 
 Willie and His Papa, and the Rest of the 
 
 Family, New York, [1901]. 
 Our Antediluvian Ancestors, London, 1903. 
 Happy Hooligan Home Again, New York, 
 
 1907. 
 Maud the Matchless, New York, 1907. 
 
 O.P.Q. Pseud. See Gorham Worth. 
 
 ORIANS, GEORGE HARRISON (April 19, 
 1900- ), educator, was born in Marion, 
 Marion County. He graduated from North- 
 Central College, 111., in 1922 and the Uni- 
 versity of Illinois (Ph.D.) in 1926, and has 
 been in the English department of the Uni- 
 versity of Toledo since 1929. He has pub- 
 lished professional articles, several text- 
 books, and A Short History of American 
 Literature . . . , New York, 1940. WW 30 
 
 ORR, CHARLES H. (Jan. 8, 1858-Feb. 17, 
 1927), librarian, was born in Xenia, Greene 
 County, the son of John Orr (q.v.). He 
 was librarian at Case Institute of Tech- 
 nology, Cleveland, for many years. He pub- 
 lished a number of pamphlets, e.g., Words, 
 Columbus, 1925. 
 
 ORR, GULIELMA DAY (Dec. 8, 1867-April 
 21, 1949), born in Allegheny, Pa., lived in 
 Cincinnati approximately fifty years. She 
 was active in the National League of Amer- 
 ican Penwomen, the Woman's Press Club, 
 and the Daughters of the American Revo- 
 lution. She wrote poems and short stories 
 and Sally in South Africa, (with Henrietta 
 Schiele), New York, [1929]. 
 
 ORR, JOHN (Aug. 12, 1820-Dec. 30, 1883), 
 was born in South Carolina. He was brought 
 up in Princeton, Ind.. where his family 
 migrated because of their distaste for 
 slavery. After teaching in Tennessee and 
 Indiana, he came to Cedarville, where he 
 served as principal of the public schools and 
 as clerk of courts, 1863-81. 
 Some Thoughts on the Book of Revelation, 
 Xenia, 1876. 
 
 ORR, MARY CASWELL (Dec. 21, 1912- 
 ), actress and writer, born in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., lived in Canton. 1926-41. She has 
 appeared in numerous Broadway plays and 
 on radio and television programs. Her short 
 story "The Wisdom of Eve" was the basis 
 
479 
 
 Osburn 
 
 for a successful motion picture, All About 
 Eve. With Reginald Denham, her husband, 
 she has written several plays, e.g., Wall- 
 flower, [New York, 1944]. WW AW 1 
 
 ORTH, SAMUEL PETER (Aug. 1, 1873- 
 Feb. 26, 1922), educator, was born in 
 Capac, Mich. He graduated from Oberlin 
 College in 1896 and Columbia University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1903. He taught political science 
 at Buchtel College, 1897-1902, practiced 
 law in Cleveland, 1903-12, and afterward 
 taught political science at Cornell Univer- 
 sity. His writings include The Boss and the 
 Machine . . . , New Haven, Conn., 1918. 
 
 ORTLEPP, E. E. (April 23, 1867-Feb. 21, 
 1938), clergyman, born in Naumburg, Ger- 
 many, came to America in 1888. The fol- 
 lowing year he came to Greenville as pas- 
 tor of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, where he 
 served, 1889-1901 and 1905-22. He wrote 
 The Story of Christ's Passion . . . , 3 vols., 
 Burlington, Iowa, 1906-09. 
 
 OSBORN, CHARLES (Aug. 21, 1775-Dec. 
 29, 1850), clergyman and abolitionist, was 
 born in North Carolina. As a Quaker min- 
 ister, he preached and lived in various 
 states. From 1817 to 1818 he published the 
 Philanthropist, a pioneer abolitionist paper, 
 in Mount Pleasant. He also lived in Ohio, 
 1827-30. In 1843 he was a leader in the 
 formation of the Anti-Slavery Friends in 
 Indiana. He published a testimony concern- 
 ing this revolt in 1849. The Society of 
 Friends published Journal of That Faithful 
 Servant of Christ, Charles Osborn . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1854. 
 
 OSBORN, HARTWELL (Aug. 17, 1840- 
 Nov. 15, 1914), was born in Norwalk, Hu- 
 ron County. He served as a captain in the 
 55th O.V.I, during the Civil War. After- 
 ward he was deputy collector of customs in 
 Toledo, 1867-69, and was a manufacturer 
 in Toledo, 1870-80. From 1880 until his 
 death he was a railway commercial agent 
 in the South and in Chicago. He died in 
 Chicago. He wrote a history of his regi- 
 ment: Trials and Triumphs . . . , Chicago, 
 1904. 
 
 OSBORN, HENRY STAFFORD (Aug. 17, 
 
 1823-Feb. 2, 1894), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Philadelphia. He was 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 
 1848 and served churches in Virginia and 
 New lersey. He became professor of chem- 
 istry and mining engineering at Lafayette 
 College in 1866, and in 1870 accepted a 
 professorship at Miami University. He 
 
 taught there until 1873, when the school 
 closed temporarily, and also served as pas- 
 tor at Millville. Oxford remained his home 
 until his death. Maps of the Holy Land 
 that he published in Oxford were widely 
 used in churches and Sunday schools. His 
 books on mining and metallurgy were also 
 widely known and went into several edi- 
 tions. 
 
 Little Pilgrims of the Holy Land, Philadel- 
 phia, 1857. 
 Palestine, Past and Present . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1859. 
 Plants of the Holy Land . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1860. 
 Metallurgy of Iron and Steel . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1869. 
 The New Descriptive Geography of Pales- 
 tine, Oxford, 1877. 
 Ancient Egypt in the Light of Modern Dis- 
 coveries . . . , Cincinnati, 1883. 
 A Practical Manual of Minerals, Mines, 
 
 and Mining .... Philadelphia, 1888. 
 The Prospector's Field-Book and Guide 
 . . . , Philadelphia, 1892. 
 
 OSBORN, HERBERT (March 19, 1856- 
 Sept. 20, 1954), entomologist, born in 
 Lafayette, Wis., was a member of the Ohio 
 State University faculty, 1898-1933, and 
 after his retirement continued to live in 
 Columbus. A prolific author, he wrote 
 many articles, texts, and books, including a 
 short history of entomology written when 
 he was 96 years old. His books include 
 Fragments of Entomological History, In- 
 cluding Some Personal Recollections of Men 
 and Events, Columbus, 1937. WWW 3 
 
 OSBORNE, GROVER PEASE (1848-June 
 6, 1932), clergyman, was born in Trumans- 
 burg, N. Y. He graduated from Kala- 
 mazoo College in 1871 and studied at Chi- 
 cago Baptist Union Theological Seminary. 
 Ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1875, 
 he was a pastor in Toledo until 1887, when 
 he became editor of the Journal and Mes- 
 senger, published in Cincinnati. He died 
 in Cincinnati. 
 
 Principles of Economics. The Satisfaction 
 of Human Wants, Cincinnati, 1893. 
 
 OSBURN, MARY HUBBELL (Sept. 15, 
 1878- ), musician, was born near Cov- 
 den, 111. She graduated from Fargo Col- 
 lege, N. D., in 1903 and later studied mu- 
 sic in New York and Paris. She came to 
 Columbus in 1917 when her husband, Ray- 
 mond C. Osburn, joined the Ohio State 
 University faculty, and has been very ac- 
 tive in the musical life of the city. She has 
 composed songs and anthems, written nu- 
 
Osmun 
 
 480 
 
 merous articles, and compiled a useful 
 book: Ohio Composers and Musical Au- 
 thors, [Columbus, 1942]. OCM 
 
 OSMUN, THOMAS EMBLY (Feb. 26, 1826- 
 Oct. 26, 1902), elocutionist, was born in 
 Montrose, Summit County. He studied at 
 Oberlin College and in Europe. By sending 
 his criticisms of actors' mispronunciations 
 to newspapers, and by other means, he es- 
 tablished himself as an arbiter of correct 
 diction. All of his books were published un- 
 der the pen name Alfred Ayres. Besides 
 the titles below, he published a pronounc- 
 ing manual, an elocution textbook, and 
 several books on the misuse of words. 
 Acting and Actors . . . , New York, 1894. 
 The Mentor: A Little Book for the Guid- 
 ance of Such Men and Boys As Would 
 Appear to Advantage in the Society of 
 Persons of a Better Sort, New York, 
 1894. 
 
 OSWALD, JOHN CLYDE (July 11, 1872- 
 June 22, 1938), publisher, was born in Fort 
 Recovery, Mercer County, where he began 
 in the printing business in 1885. In 1894 
 he moved to New York City and edited 
 The American Printer, 1897-1925. Besides 
 technical works on printing, he wrote Ben- 
 jamin Franklin, Printer, [New York], 1917. 
 WWW 1 
 
 OTIS, CHARLES HERBERT (Jan. 25, 1886- 
 ), educator, born in Raymond, Neb., 
 has served in the botany departments of 
 several universities, including Western Re- 
 serve, 1916-27, and Bowling Green, 1930— 
 55. After retiring in 1955 he continued to 
 live in Bowling Green. He has published 
 Michigan Trees . . . , Ann Arbor, Mich., 
 1932. 
 
 OTIS, PHILO ADAMS (Nov. 24, 1846-Sept. 
 23, 1930), was born in Berlin Heights, 
 Erie County, but spent most of his life in 
 Chicago, where his parents moved in 1857. 
 After graduating from Western Reserve 
 College at Hudson in 1868, he joined his 
 father's real-estate firm in Chicago. He was 
 also active in the musical life of that city. 
 He published a book of hymns, a church 
 history, a history of the Chicago Symphony 
 Orchestra, and a travel book: Impressions 
 of Europe, 1873-1874 . . . , Boston, [1922]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 O'TOOLE, GEORGE BARRY (Dec. 11, 
 
 1886-March 26, 1944), clergyman and ed- 
 ucator, was born in Toledo, Lucas County. 
 He studied at St. John's University, Toledo, 
 1904-06, and at Urban University, Rome, 
 
 Italy, 1906-12. Ordained to the Catholic 
 priesthood in 1911, he was secretary to the 
 bishop of Toledo, 1912-15, and a pastor in 
 Bowling Green, 1915-17. He afterward 
 taught philosophy, biology, and theology in 
 various Catholic colleges and universities. 
 He published The Case against Evolution, 
 New York, 1925. RLA 2 
 
 OTT, EDWARD AMHERST (Nov. 27, 1867- 
 May 19, 1952), educator, was born in 
 Youngstown, Mahoning County. After 
 studying at Hiram College, he graduated 
 from Drake University in 1895. He served 
 on the Drake faculty, 1891-1901. In 1932 
 he became advisor to a group of Cornell 
 University students living in Llenroc Lodge 
 on a co-operative basis. Besides the titles 
 below, he published a public speaking text- 
 book and a book on poultry-raising. 
 Sour Grapes; Or, Heredity and Marriage, 
 
 Des Moines, [1896]. 
 Philip Gerard, an Individual, Des Moines, 
 
 [1899]. 
 Hot Shots in the War on Poverty, Byron, 
 
 N. Y., 1917. 
 Self Management Memos, Ithaca, N. Y., 
 
 1927. 
 
 OUTCAULT, RICHARD FELTON (Jan. 14, 
 1863-Sept. 25, 1928), artist, was born in 
 Lancaster, Fairfield County. After studying 
 at McMicken College, Cincinnati, he stud- 
 ied art in Paris. While doing technical 
 drawings for journals in New York City, 
 he contributed comic drawings to Life and 
 Judge. In Nov., 1894, he was hired to do 
 a colored drawing for the New York World. 
 Soon afterward he created "Hogan's Alley" 
 and "The Yellow Kid," and he thus shares 
 with Frederick B. Opper (q.v.) the distinc- 
 tion of originating the modern comic strip. 
 In 1896 the New York Journal hired him 
 away from the World at a large salary; the 
 World immediately hired another cartoonist 
 to draw "The Yellow Kid." The resulting 
 circulation war between the two papers 
 led to their being known as "Yellow Kid" 
 journals and, later, simply as "yellow" 
 journals. Outcault later joined the New 
 York Herald and in 1905 returned to the 
 Journal. His most famous creation was 
 "Buster Brown," a character that became 
 a trademark for all sorts of products. He 
 published several Buster Brown books, e.g., 
 Buster Brown Abroad, New York, [1904]. 
 DAB 14 
 
 OWEN, CAROLINE DALE. Pseud. See Caro- 
 line D. P. Snedeker. 
 
 OWEN, ELIZABETH THORNILEY (Feb. 
 27, 1871- ), was born on a farm near 
 
481 
 
 Paddock 
 
 Marietta, Washington County. After her 
 marriage to O. D. Owen in 1895, she lived 
 in the West until 1910, when she returned 
 to Ohio. She lived in Marietta and Beverly 
 until 1955. She now lives in San Antonio, 
 Texas. She has written pamphlets and ar- 
 ticles on historical subjects, e.g., Johnny- 
 cake, etc., in the Ohio Country at the Mus- 
 kingum . . . , Beverly, [1932]. 
 
 OWEN, WILLIAM MILLER (Jan. 10, 1832- 
 Jan. 10, 1893), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He served in the Confed- 
 erate army with the Washington Artillery 
 of New Orleans. In 1890 he assisted Mrs. 
 Jefferson Davis in the preparation of the 
 military chapters of her Memoirs of her 
 husband. 
 
 In Camp and Battle with the Washington 
 Artillery of New Orleans. A Narrative 
 of Events during the Late Civil War 
 . . . , Boston, 1885. 
 
 OWENS, IRA S. (March 1, 1830-Feb. 19, 
 1913), farmer, was born in Xenia, Greene 
 County, the son of a Methodist minister. 
 He served Oct., 1861-July, 1865, in the 
 74th O.V.I. After the war he lived in Put- 
 nam County, Ind., for two years and then 
 returned to a farm near Beavertown, Mont- 
 gomery County, where he spent the re- 
 mainder of his life. He revised his book 
 about the war and republished it in 1884. 
 Greene County in the War . . . , Xenia, 
 1872. 
 
 PACIFICUS. Pseud. See Joshua R. Giddings. 
 
 PACK, ARTHUR NEWTON (Feb. 20, 1893- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County, the son of Charles Lathrop Pack 
 (q.v. ). He graduated from Williams Col- 
 lege in 1914 and the Harvard School of 
 Business Administration in 1915. His major 
 interest has been forestry, and he has pub- 
 lished several books on nature study and 
 conservation, e.g., Our Vanishing Forests, 
 New York, 1923. WW 30 
 
 PACK, CHARLES LATHROP (May 7. 1857- 
 June 14, 1937), economist and founder of 
 the Cleveland Trust Company, was born 
 in Lexington, Mich. In 1870 his parents 
 brought him to Cleveland, where he at- 
 tended public schools and Brooks School. 
 He also studied forestry in Germany. Al- 
 though he traveled widely in Europe and 
 the United States, Cleveland remained his 
 home until 1900, when he moved to Lake- 
 wood, N. J. Besides books on forestry he 
 wrote All Honor to George Washington, 
 [Washington, D. C, 1930?]. WWW 1 
 
 PACKARD, JASPER (Feb. 1, 1832-Dec. 13, 
 1899), was born in Austintown, Mahoning 
 County. In 1835 his parents moved to In- 
 diana, where he grew up and distinguished 
 himself as a Civil War soldier, congress- 
 man, and newspaper publisher. He died in 
 Lafayette, Ind. 
 
 History of La Porte County, Indiana . . . , 
 La Porte, 1876. 
 
 PACKARD, ROY DWTGHT (July 31, 1889- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He was employed by Standard Oil, 
 1904-54, and was Cleveland Division Man- 
 ager, 1936-54. A student of Lincoln's ca- 
 reer, he has written numerous articles, pam- 
 phlets, and books on Lincoln, e.g., Lincoln 
 and Franklin Roosevelt, Cleveland, 1938. 
 
 PACKARD, SILAS SADLER (April 28, 
 1826-Oct. 27, 1898), educator, born in 
 Cummington, Mass., was brought to Lick- 
 ing County when he was seven. He attended 
 district schools and spent one term in Gran- 
 ville Academy. At sixteen he began teach- 
 ing penmanship in Ohio and Kentucky 
 schools; in 1848 while in Cincinnati he be- 
 gan teaching bookkeeping as well. This led 
 to his lifework, the establishment of busi- 
 ness colleges in New York and other cities. 
 He published many textbooks in commer- 
 cial education. Of most interest to Ohioans, 
 however, is a description of pioneer life in 
 Licking County, first read to the Ohio So- 
 ciety of New York and then published as 
 a pamphlet: My Recollections of Ohio . . . , 
 [New York?, 1890]. 
 
 PADDOCK, BUCKLEY B. (Jan. 22, 1844- 
 Jan. 9, 1922), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County, but spent little of his life in 
 Ohio. He spent his boyhood in the North- 
 west and at the age of sixteen enlisted in 
 the Confederate army. After the Civil War 
 he practiced law in Mississippi until 1873, 
 when he moved to Fort Worth, Texas. 
 
Page 
 
 482 
 
 There he published the Fort Worth Dem- 
 ocrat and engaged in banking and railroad 
 building until his retirement in 1909. He 
 prepared three historical works dealing 
 with Texas, e.g., History of Texas . . . , 4 
 vols., Chicago, 1922. WWW 1 
 
 PAGE, HENRY FOLSOM (Feb. 2, 1821-Oct. 
 7, 1901), lawyer, was born in Circleville, 
 Pickaway County. He was born Henry 
 Page Folsom, but adopted his mother's 
 family name because he did not like his 
 father's side of the family. After graduat- 
 ing from Miami University and Harvard 
 Law School, he began practicing in Circle- 
 ville in 1845. He contributed many essays 
 to professional journals. His work on Vir- 
 ginia Military District land titles is ex- 
 haustive and constitutes a valuable source 
 for historians. At his death he left a part 
 of his substantial estate for the establish- 
 ment of a law school at Ohio State Univer- 
 sity. 
 
 The Law of Warrants, Entries, Surveys and 
 Patents in the Virginia Military District 
 in Ohio . . . , Columbus, 1850. 
 A View of the Law Relative to the Subject 
 of Divorce, in Ohio, Indiana and Michi- 
 gan, Columbus, 1850. 
 
 PAHLOW, GERTRUDE CURTIS BROWN 
 
 (Jan. 12, 1881-Jan. 29, 1937), born in 
 Reading, Mass., lived in Columbus from 
 1925 until her death. Her husband, Edwin 
 William Pahlow (1878-1943), was profes- 
 sor of education at Ohio State University. 
 She published a number of stories in na- 
 tional magazines and several novels, e.g., 
 The Bright Torch, Philadelphia, [1933]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 PAINE, BAYARD HENRY (April 27, 1872- 
 April 19, 1955), lawyer and judge, was 
 born near Painesville, Lake County. His 
 family moved to Grand Island, Neb., where 
 he attended school and later practiced law. 
 He served as a district court judge, 1916- 
 30, and on the Nebraska Supreme Court, 
 193 1 — 49. He published an account of pio- 
 neer life in Nebraska: Pioneers, Indians and 
 Buffaloes, Curtis, Neb., 1935. WWW 3 
 
 PAINTER, ELEANOR. See Eleanor P. Strong. 
 
 PAINTER, LYDIA ETHEL HOYT FARMER 
 
 (July 19, 1842-March 8, 1909), was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, the daugh- 
 ter of James Madison Hoyt (q.v.), a law- 
 yer and a prominent Baptist layman. In 
 1864 she married Elihu J. Farmer (q.v.), 
 and after his death in 1900 she married 
 John Vickers Painter, Cleveland banker 
 
 and socialite. She was active in musical and 
 artistic activities in Cleveland and in the 
 women's suffrage movement. A book on 
 women's contributions to American life 
 that she edited in 1893 bore an introduc- 
 tion by Julia Ward Howe. Her novels were 
 religious in subject matter. A Knight of 
 Faith was praised by William E. Gladstone. 
 Of the last six books listed below, only 
 Memoirs and Under Egypt's Skies were 
 published under her own name; for the 
 others she used the pen name G.E.X. 
 The Bovs Book of Famous Rulers, New 
 
 York, [1886]. 
 A Story Book of Science, Boston, [1886]. 
 The Girls' Book of Famous Queens, New 
 
 York, [1887]. 
 The Life of La Fayette, the Knight of Lib- 
 erty in Two Worlds and Two Centuries, 
 New York, [1888]. 
 A Knight of Faith, New York, [1889]. 
 A Short History of the French Revolution, 
 for Young People . . . , New York, 
 [1889]. 
 A Moral Inheritance, New York, 1890. 
 Aunt Belindy's Points of View, and a Mod- 
 ern Mrs. Malaprop . . . , New York, 
 [1895]. 
 The Doom of the Holy City. Christ and 
 
 Caesar, New York, [1895]. 
 The Chatelaine, Buffalo, N. Y., 1897. 
 The Rosary, [n.p., 1899]. 
 The Memoirs of James and Meribah 
 
 Fanner, [Cleveland, 1900]. 
 My Athens & Songs to Her, [Wausau, 
 
 Wis., 1903]. 
 Italian Portraits in Engadine Frames, Wau- 
 sau, Wis., [1904]. 
 Under Egypt's Skies, [Wausau, Wis., 1910]. 
 
 PALMER, EDWARD E. (June 24, 1871- 
 ), was born on a farm near West 
 Salem, Wayne County. After attending dis- 
 trict schools, he became a traveling sales- 
 man, handling a great variety of products. 
 He invented a chipped glass name plate 
 and engaged in several other enterprises. 
 He has written an autobiography: Forty 
 Years of Hustling, [Wooster, 1942]. 
 
 PALMER, FRANCES LAKIN (Sept. 12, 
 1907-May 4, 1938), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. She graduated from 
 Hathaway-Brown School in 1925 and Smith 
 College in 1929. She was on the office staff 
 of Oberlin Graduate School of Theology, 
 1935-37. A posthumous collection of her 
 writings was privately published: Poems 
 and Prose . . . , Cleveland, 1939. 
 
 PALMER, JOANNA (July 27, 1861-Jan. 26, 
 1953), was born in Cromwell, Iowa, but 
 
483 
 
 Parks 
 
 came to Bellefontaine while still a girl to 
 live with an aunt. After her marriage to 
 Dr. Harry E. Palmer, she lived in Dayton, 
 where she was active in religious and social 
 work. She published poetry and prose in 
 religious periodicals and a pageant: Gifts 
 for Youth . . . , New York, 1945. 
 
 PALMER, JOHN RANSOM (March 22, 
 1905- ), physician, was born in Findlay, 
 Hancock County. His family moved to 
 Shreveport, La., where he attended high 
 school. After graduating from Princeton 
 University in 1928, he studied medicine. His 
 last address in Ohioana files is New York 
 City. Under the pen name Robert Golds- 
 borough, he published a collection of poems: 
 Midstream — Midnight, New York, 1938, 
 and a book on European travel: Where Ev- 
 ery Prospect Pleases, New York, 1939. 
 
 PALMER, WILLIAM FRANCIS (Oct. 11, 
 1862-Feb. 10, 1924), educator, was born 
 in West Richfield, Summit County. After 
 graduating from Baldwin University, Berea, 
 in 1887, he did graduate work at the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan and Lake Forest Col- 
 lege. In 1896 he began teaching Latin at 
 West High School, Cleveland, where he 
 served on the faculty until his death. He 
 published Ballads, Lyrics and Sonnets, 
 Cleveland, 1907. 
 
 PANCOAST, CHALMERS LOWELL (March 
 6, 1880- ), journalist, was born on a 
 farm near Bethesda, Belmont County. In 
 1887 his family moved to Newark, where 
 he attended public schools. He worked on 
 newspapers and magazines in various cities 
 throughout the country and since his re- 
 tirement has lived in Newark. He has pub- 
 lished several books on newspapers, hotels, 
 and masonry, e.g., Cub, New York, [1928]. 
 
 PANSY. Pseud. See Isabella MacDonald 
 Alden. 
 
 PARDEE, HELEN LANPHERE (Mrs. Wil- 
 liam E.) (Aug. 5, 1878- ), born in Silver 
 Creek, N. Y., has lived in Akron since 1903. 
 A graduate of Fredonia State Teachers Col- 
 lege, she taught in the schools of New 
 York State and Akron. She was a member 
 of the board of the Akron Public Library, 
 1927-45, and has been active in other civic 
 affairs. She has published poetry and A 
 Story of the Akron Public Library, 1834- 
 1942, Akron, 1943. 
 
 PARGELLIS, STANLEY McCRORY (June 
 25, 1898- ), librarian, was born in To- 
 
 ledo, Lucas County. He left Ohio in 1903 
 and attended public schools in Iowa, Idaho, 
 and Texas. After graduating from the Uni- 
 versity of Nevada in 1918, he was a 
 Rhodes scholar at Oxford. He taught his- 
 tory in several universities, completed his 
 doctorate at Yale University in 1929, and 
 has been librarian of Newberry Library, 
 Chicago, since 1942. He has compiled sev- 
 eral bibliographies and collections of docu- 
 ments, written numerous articles, and pub- 
 lished a pamphlet: Father Gabriel Richard, 
 Detroit, 1950. WW 30 
 
 PARK, CLYDE WILLIAM (June 30, 1880- 
 ), educator, was born in New Lex- 
 ington, Perry County. He graduated from 
 Ohio State University in 1907 and did grad- 
 uate work at Harvard University. He served 
 in the English department, University of 
 Cincinnati, until his retirement in 1945. He 
 has written several textbooks, radio scripts, 
 articles, and a biography: Ambassador to 
 Industry; The Idea and Life of Herman 
 Schneider, Indianapolis, [1943], 
 
 PARK, SAMUEL (Nov. 21, 1810-?), was 
 born in Union Township, Licking County. 
 In 1881 he was living in Marshall, Iowa. 
 The pamphlet below contains an essay, 
 "American Antiquities," which was also is- 
 sued separately. 
 
 Notes on the Early History of Union Town- 
 ship, Licking County . . . , Terre Haute, 
 1870. 
 
 PARKER, CAROLINE HOLMES (Aug. 8, 
 1847-Feb. 22. 1926), educator, was born 
 at Sugartree Ridge, Highland County. Her 
 family moved to Hillsboro, where she grad- 
 uated from Hillsboro Female College in 
 1868. After teaching school in Leesburg 
 and other communities, she married John 
 Milton Parker in 1872. Soon after the birth 
 of her seventh child, her husband died, and 
 she returned to teaching to support her 
 family. Her last years were spent in Ashe- 
 ville, N. C. 
 Our Friends the Birds, Chicago, [1897]. 
 
 PARKS, L. K. (Nov. 30, 1846-Jan. 8, 1925), 
 lawyer, was born in Sheffield, Lorain 
 County. After attending Hillsdale College 
 and Oberlin College, he read law and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1875. He practiced 
 in Weston, Wood County, 1875-77, and 
 afterward in Toledo. Around 1901 he 
 moved to Los Angeles because of poor 
 health. 
 
 With British and Braves, Story of the War 
 of 1812, Cincinnati, [1898]. 
 
Parlette 
 
 484 
 
 PARLETTE, RALPH ALBERT (Aug. 30, 
 1870-Nov. 19, 1930), was born near Dela- 
 ware, Delaware County. After graduating 
 from Ohio Northern University in 1891, he 
 edited the Ada University Herald until 
 1897. He later edited the Lyceum Magazine, 
 1909-28. An inspirational lecturer, he trav- 
 eled widely and also published numerous 
 books and pamphlets on success, thrift, and 
 happiness, e.g., Pockets and Paradises, Chi- 
 cago, [1922]. WWW 1 
 
 PARRISH, ROB ROY McGREGOR (Jan. 
 15, 1846-March 11, 1924), was born in 
 Noble County. His parents moved to Iowa 
 in 1854. He was a harness maker in In- 
 dependence, Oreg., 1863-90. In 1890 he 
 moved to California. He took his own life 
 at Schulavista, Calif. The book of poems 
 below is his only known publication. 
 Echoes from the Valley, Portland, Oreg., 
 1884. 
 
 PARROTT, THOMAS MARC (Dec. 22, 
 1866-Feb. 6, 1960), educator, was born in 
 Dayton, Montgomery County. He gradu- 
 ated from Princeton University in 1888 and 
 the University of Leipzig (Ph.D.) in 1893. 
 He was a member of the Princeton English 
 faculty, 1896-1935, and after his retire- 
 ment lived in Princeton. He edited a num- 
 ber of anthologies and other textbooks and 
 also published a collection of essays: Stud- 
 ies of a Booklover, New York, 1904. WWW 
 3 
 
 PARRY, EMMA LOUISE (July 24, 1859- 
 Jan. 18, 1940), educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. She graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati in 1887 
 and also studied art in Europe. She served 
 for many years on the staff of H. Thane 
 Miller School, Cincinnati, and also lectured 
 on art and archaeology. 
 Life among the Germans, Boston, [1887]. 
 The Two Great Art Epochs, Chicago, 1914. 
 
 PARRY, WARD HUDSON (Sept. 20, 1894- 
 Aug. 23, 1940), was born in Woodsfield, 
 Monroe County. He graduated from 
 Woodsfield High School in 1912 and West- 
 ern Reserve University in 1916. He worked 
 on the Akron Times and the Cleveland 
 Plain Dealer, served in the ambulance serv- 
 ice during World War I, was treasurer of 
 the Franz Foundry and Machine Company, 
 and in the early 1930s established a com- 
 mercial photography business in Akron. He 
 died at Daytona Beach, Fla. He wrote a 
 novel which deals with the life of his father, 
 Dr. John R. Parry of Woodsfield, and also 
 with his own war experiences: These 
 Three, Boston, [1929]. 
 
 PARSON, DONALD (Jan. 10, 1882- ), 
 born in Washington, D. C, and now a resi- 
 dent of Brooklin, Maine, lived in Youngs- 
 town for fifteen years. He has published 
 four books, including a collection of verse: 
 Glass Flowers, Boston, 1936. 
 
 PARSONS, ALBERT ROSS (Sept. 16, 1847- 
 June 14, 1933), pianist, was born in San- 
 dusky, Erie County, but actually spent lit- 
 tle of his life in Ohio. A gifted musician, 
 he studied piano in New York and in Ger- 
 many. While in Germany (1867-72), he 
 knew Richard Wagner, and after returning 
 to America he wrote and lectured on Wag- 
 ner's work. He taught piano in New York 
 City from 1872 until his death. Besides the 
 titles below, he wrote songs and piano com- 
 positions, articles and books on piano tech- 
 nique, and a family history. 
 Parsifal; The Finding of Christ through 
 
 Art ... , New York, 1890. 
 New Light from the Great Pyramid . . . , 
 
 New York, 1893. 
 The Road Map of the Stars . . . , New 
 
 York, 1912. 
 Surf Lines That Mark Where Waves of 
 
 Thought Formed Crest and Broke upon 
 
 the Shore of a Wayfarer's Mind . . . , 
 
 [New York, 1912]. 
 
 PARSONS, JULIA STODDARD (1855- 
 March 7, 1946), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County, where her father, Rich- 
 ard C. Parsons (q.v.), edited the Cleveland 
 Herald. She died at the age of 91 in Santa 
 Barbara, Calif., where she had lived since 
 1907. Besides a book on nineteenth-century 
 royalty, she published an autobiographical 
 volume: Scattered Memories, Boston, 
 [1938]. 
 
 PARSONS, LAURA MATILDA STEPHEN- 
 
 SON (Aug. 11, 1855-March 5, 1925), play- 
 wright, was born near Jefferson City, Mo. 
 When she was five, her father died, and 
 her mother moved to Chardon. In 1875 
 she married Wilder C. Parsons; their lives 
 were spent in Chardon. Mrs. Parsons wrote 
 a number of plays, most of them for per- 
 formance in churches. She also composed 
 songs to accompany the productions. She 
 died in Chardon. 
 
 Colloquy of the Holidays . . . , Dansville. 
 
 N. Y., 1889. 
 The District School at Blueberry Corners 
 
 . . . , Dansville, N. Y., 1889. 
 Jerusha Dow's Family Album, Boston, 
 
 1894. 
 Living Pictures of the Civil War, Boston. 
 
 1894. 
 Scenes and Songs of Ye Olden Time . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1894. 
 
485 
 
 Paterson, R. G. 
 
 The Old Maids' Convention, Boston, 1899. 
 Aunt Jerusha's Quilting Party, Boston, 
 
 1901. 
 A Variety Contest . . . , Boston, 1901. 
 Scenes in the Union Depot, Boston, 1905. 
 The Rainbow . . . , Chardon, [1913]. 
 
 PARSONS, RICHARD CHAPPELL (Oct. 
 10, 1826-Jan. 9, 1899), lawyer, congress- 
 man, and editor, was born in New London, 
 Conn. In 1845 he came to Norwalk, where 
 he read law, and in 1851 he was admitted 
 to the bar in Cleveland. He held a variety 
 of elective and appointive posts. He served 
 in the Ohio Assembly, 1858-62, was col- 
 lector of internal revenue in Cleveland, was 
 marshal of the U. S. Supreme Court, 1866- 
 72, and served one term in the House of 
 Representatives, 1873-75. After being de- 
 feated for re-election, he resumed the prac- 
 tice of law and also edited the Cleveland 
 Herald, 1877-80. Besides the collection be- 
 low, some of his speeches were printed as 
 pamphlets. 
 
 Selections from the Addresses and Writings 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1892. 
 
 PARSONS, SAMUEL HOLDEN (May 14, 
 1737-Nov. 17, 1789), was born in Lyme, 
 Conn. Beginning in 1762, he served in 
 eighteen sessions of the Connecticut As- 
 sembly. He was commissioned a brigadier 
 general in 1776 and was promoted to major 
 general in 1780. In 1785 he was one of the 
 commissioners named to treat with the In- 
 dians regarding lands in the territory north- 
 west of the Ohio. As a result of their efforts 
 the Indians ceded the tract of land upon 
 which the city of Cincinnati now stands. 
 On Oct. 23, 1787, he became the first judge 
 in the territory of the United States north- 
 west of the Ohio River. Washington nomi- 
 nated him as chief judge of the territory in 
 1789, an office which he held until his 
 death. Not only was he one of the three 
 directors of the Ohio Company, but he 
 was also interested in the Western Reserve. 
 In 1789 the State of Connecticut appointed 
 him one of three commissioners to treat 
 with the Wyandots and other tribes regard- 
 ing their titles to the lands then called the 
 Connecticut Western Reserve. With a view 
 to making preliminary arrangements for 
 the treaty he visited the Western Reserve 
 in the fall of 1789, and while returning to 
 his residence in Marietta he was drowned 
 in the Big Beaver River. He wrote a de- 
 scription of mounds near Marietta, "An- 
 tiquities of Western States," which was pub- 
 lished by the American Academy of Arts 
 and Sciences in 1793. His writings were 
 published in 1905 in the edition listed below. 
 
 Life and Letters . . . , (Charles Samuel 
 Hall, ed.), Binghamton, N. Y., 1905. 
 
 PASCHALL, ALMA (March 29, 1878- ), 
 educator, was born in Clark County. She 
 taught in the schools of Springfield, Akron, 
 and Toledo. Now retired, she lives in 
 Springfield. Besides poems published in 
 many magazines and newspapers, she wrote 
 in collaboration with Francis B. Pearson 
 (q.v.) a story for children: The Thrift 
 Twins, New York, 1933. 
 
 PATCHEN, KENNETH (Dec. 3, 1911- ), 
 one of the most respected of avant-garde 
 writers, was born in Niles, Warren County. 
 He was reared in Warren and attended 
 high school there. He worked for a time in 
 the steel mills, spent a year at Alexander 
 Meikeljohn's Experimental College at the 
 University of Wisconsin, and was a migra- 
 tory worker in the early 1930s. He has 
 lived in Connecticut and New York City 
 and now lives in California. His writing, 
 experimental in character, includes essays, 
 novels, and surrealistic poems and plays. 
 He probably received most praise for his 
 satiric novel, The Memoirs of a Shy Por- 
 nographer . . . , [New York, 1945]. He has 
 published numerous books of poetry, e.g., 
 The Dark Kingdom . . . , New York, 
 [1942], The Selected Poems . . . , [Norfolk, 
 Conn., 1946], and Red Wine & Yellow Hair, 
 New York, [1949]. Some of his books have 
 appeared in limited editions, for which he 
 has painted an original water color to ac- 
 company each copy. TCA 
 
 PATERSON, ROBERT (Nov. 17, 1885- 
 ), journalist and lecturer, was born in 
 Bellefontaine, Logan County. After attend- 
 ing Ohio State University he served on nu- 
 merous newspapers in the Midwest and 
 South and was an associate editor with 
 McClure Newspaper Syndicate, 1922-26. 
 He has lectured widely and has also pub- 
 lished several books on American life, e.g., 
 Gas Buggy, New York, 1933. WW 30 
 
 PATERSON, ROBERT GILDERSLEEVE 
 
 (Sept. 18, 1882- ), educator and pub- 
 lic health specialist, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University in 1905 and the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania (Ph.D.) in 1909. He 
 was executive secretary of the Ohio Public 
 Health Association, 1911-46, and taught so- 
 cial administration at Ohio State Univer- 
 sity, 1925-47. After retiring, he settled in 
 Tryon, N. C. He wrote numerous pam- 
 phlets and articles on public health and 
 Robert Harvey Reed, a Sanitary Pioneer 
 in Ohio, Columbus, [1935]. WW 30 
 
Patterson, A. V. S. 
 
 486 
 
 PATTERSON, ANN VIRGINIA SHARPE 
 
 (Sept., 1841-May 30, 1913), was born in 
 Delaware, Delaware County. She gradu- 
 ated from Delaware Female Seminary. She 
 contributed a number of children's stories 
 to magazines under the pen name of Garry 
 Gaines, which she also used for her first 
 book. She lived for a number of years in 
 Bellefontaine; then in 1892 she moved to 
 Kokomo, Ind., where she spent the re- 
 mainder of her life. Perhaps she is best re- 
 membered for her nation-wide birdhouse 
 campaign among schoolchildren. 
 The American Girl of the Period: Her 
 
 Ways and Views, Philadelphia, 1878. 
 Speeches, Prose, Rhyme and Jingle for the 
 Trades' Carnival . . . , Springfield, 1889. 
 Supplement to Business Men's Jubilee, or 
 
 Trades' Carnival . . . , Urbana, 1889. 
 Dickey Downy: The Autobiography of a 
 
 Bird . . . , Philadelphia, [1899]. 
 Lady of the Green Scarf: An Entertain- 
 ment Exercise for Schools . . . , Chicago, 
 [1910]. 
 
 PATTERSON, ERNEST MINOR (July 17, 
 1879- ), educator, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Park College in 1902 and the University 
 of Pennsylvania (Ph.D.) in 1912. He was 
 on the faculty of the University of Penn- 
 sylvania, 1910-50. He published articles on 
 economics, textbooks, and books related 
 to business and economics, e.g., The Eco- 
 nomic Basis of Peace, New York, [1939]. 
 WW 30 
 
 PATTERSON, FREDERICK B. (June 22, 
 1892- ), industrialist, was born in Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. He attended 
 Dayton schools and spent two years at a 
 public school in England before beginning 
 to work at National Cash Register, which 
 was founded by his father. He worked in 
 almost every department of the company 
 before becoming president in 1921. He 
 served in World War I and in the early 
 1920s was instrumental in raising money 
 to found Wright Field. He now lives in 
 Tucson, Ariz. He has written articles for 
 business magazines and a book describing 
 a hunting trip to British East Africa in 
 1927: African Adventures, New York, 1928. 
 WW 26 
 
 PATTERSON, HARRIET-LOUISE HOL- 
 LAND (Nov. 21, 1903- ), born in Chi- 
 cago, graduated from Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity in 1926. She was associated with 
 the Higbee Company, Cleveland, 1933-38. 
 Ordained a minister in the Disciples of 
 Christ Church, she was pastor of the Com- 
 
 munity Church, Chesterland, 1944-53. She 
 is also an agent for tours of the Holy Land 
 and a travel adviser. She has published sev- 
 eral books on the Bible and travel, e.g., 
 Around the Mediterranean with My Bible, 
 Boston, [1941]. WW AW 1 
 
 PATTERSON, JAMES HOWARD (Feb. 8, 
 1867-April 13, 1949), educator, was born 
 near Wellston, Jackson County. He at- 
 tended country schools, studied at Mor- 
 gan's Academy in Jackson, and attended 
 Marietta College. After teaching in Jackson 
 County, 1900-05, he went to West Virginia, 
 where he taught school until his retirement 
 in 1942. He published Of Me I Sing; Or, 
 Me and Education, Nappanee, Ind., [1940]. 
 
 PATTERSON, NELLIE (Oct. 22, 1878-Oct. 
 26, 1937), was born in Ross County. She 
 lost her sight at the age of ten. In 1901 she 
 graduated from Ohio State School for the 
 Blind, Columbus. She afterward lived in 
 Dayton. She later contracted arthritis, which 
 left her a helpless invalid. Despite her in- 
 firmity she composed poetry, which was 
 collected in Poems, Dayton, 1926. 
 
 PATTESON, SUSANNA LOUISE (Feb. 14, 
 1853-1922), was born in Zurich, Switzer- 
 land. She was educated in Zurich. After 
 marrying G. Winston Patteson of Virginia 
 in Cleveland on May 19, 1880, she lectured 
 on nature and wrote many articles on na- 
 ture for children's magazines. She was also 
 a court reporter in Cleveland, 1898-1909. 
 She wrote several books for children, e.g., 
 Letters from Pussycatville, Philadelphia, 
 [1903], and an account of her girlhood: 
 When I Was a Girl in Switzerland, Boston, 
 [1921]. 
 
 PATTON, CARL SAFFORD (May 14, 1866— 
 Oct. 16, 1939), clergyman, born in Green- 
 ville, Mich., lived in Ohio about ten years. 
 A graduate of Oberlin College in 1888 and 
 Andover Theological Seminary in 1892, he 
 served Congregational churches in var- 
 ious states before coming to Columbus, 
 where he was pastor of First Church, 1911 — 
 1 6. He died in Berkeley, Calif., while on 
 the faculty of Pacific School of Religion. 
 He wrote books on religion and the min- 
 istry and a book for children: Two Minute 
 Stories . . . , Chicago, 1930. WWW 1 
 
 PATTON, CLARA IRENE (July 1, 1877- 
 ), born in Owensboro, Ky., has lived 
 in Cincinnati since 1900. She taught piano 
 there for a number of years. She has pub- 
 lished stories in the Christian Herald, the 
 Christian Standard, and other church pe- 
 
487 
 
 Payne, P. 
 
 riodicals and has also published a short 
 novel: Miss Hadley's Finishing School, Bos- 
 ton, [1930]. 
 
 PAUL, JAMES (1757-July 9, 1841), was 
 born in Pennsylvania, but grew up in 
 Adams County. Robert Sherrard (1789- 
 1874) interviewed Paul in 1826, and most 
 of the pamphlet below consists of Paul's 
 own description of his adventures. 
 A Narrative of the Wonderful Escape and 
 Dreadful Sufferings of Colonel James 
 Paul, after the Defeat of Colonel Craw- 
 ford . . . , Cincinnati, 1869. 
 
 PAUL, NANNETTE BAKER (1866-April 
 10, 1928), lawyer, was born in Sunbury, 
 Delaware County. After graduating from 
 Washington, D. C, College of Law in 1900, 
 she was admitted to the bar and practiced 
 in Washington. She lectured on the Bible 
 and other subjects and was active in the 
 Susan B. Anthony Foundation. Besides le- 
 gal works and books on parliamentary law, 
 she published a biography of Susan B. 
 Anthony: The Great Woman Statesman 
 . . . , New York, [1925]. WWW 1 
 
 PAULLIN, CHARLES OSCAR (c.l868-Sept. 
 1, 1944), naval historian, was born in 
 Jamestown, Greene County. He studied at 
 Antioch College, 1890-93, and earned his 
 doctorate in history from the University of 
 Chicago in 1904. He lectured on naval his- 
 tory at several universities and was on the 
 research staff of Carnegie Institution, Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1912-36. He wrote a number 
 of articles and books on historical sub- 
 jects, with special emphasis on the Ameri- 
 can navy. His books include a biography: 
 Commodore John Rodgers . . . , Cleveland, 
 1910. WWW 2 
 
 PAULY, KARL B. (May 8, 1900- ), jour- 
 nalist, was born in Lebanon, Warren 
 County. After graduating from Ohio State 
 University in 1923, he was an Associated 
 Press reporter for several years; in 1927 he 
 joined the staff of the Ohio State Journal. 
 He published Bricker of Ohio, the Man 
 and His Record, New York, [1944]. 
 
 PAVER, JOHN MILTON (July 14, 1839- 
 Dec. 12, 1921), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He served in the 5th 
 O.V.I, from April, 1861, to July, 1864. 
 After the Civil War he lived in Cincinnati 
 and Indianapolis, Ind. He died in Indianap- 
 olis. He wrote What I Saw from 1861 to 
 1864 . . . , [Indianapolis, 1906?]. 
 
 PAXSON, WILLIAM ALPHA (July 6, 1850- 
 Jan. 16, 1933), lawyer and farmer, was 
 
 born near Jamestown, Greene County. He 
 attended Ohio Wesleyan University for two 
 years, taught school, read law in Xenia, 
 spent one year at Cincinnati Law College, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1874. He 
 practiced law in Washington Court House, 
 1874-76, and in Jamestown from 1876 until 
 his death. He also operated extensive farms. 
 He wrote many poems on rural themes, but 
 his only book was an autobiographical 
 work: A Buckeye Baron; A Rural Story of 
 a Buckeye Boy, Cincinnati, 1901. 
 
 PAYLER, ESTHER MILLER (Mrs. Louis) 
 (July 22, 1896- ), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. She graduated from 
 the University of Cincinnati in 1928 and 
 taught in the public schools of Cincinnati 
 and Germantown. She has published many 
 stories for children in church papers and 
 also a book: Christ in Far Countries; Mis- 
 sionary Stories for Juniors, Cincinnati, 
 [1947]. 
 
 PAYNE, CHARLES HENRY (Oct. 24, 1830- 
 1899), born in Taunton, Mass., was presi- 
 dent of Ohio Wesleyan University, 1875— 
 88. His writings include Daniel: The Un- 
 compromising Young Man, New York, 
 [1872]. 
 
 PAYNE, DANIEL ALEXANDER (Feb. 24, 
 1811-Nov. 29, 1893), educator, was born 
 in Charleston, S. C. He came north to 
 study at Gettysburg Seminary, 1835-37, 
 joined the African Methodist Church in 
 1841, and after preaching in several cities 
 was named bishop in 1852. In 1863 he pur- 
 chased Wilberforce College, which had been 
 established by the Methodists for the edu- 
 cation of Negro children. The burden of 
 debt under which he labored was increased 
 in 1865 when the main building was de- 
 stroyed by fire. He continued as president 
 until 1876. He died in Xenia. 
 A Treatise on Domestic Education, Cincin- 
 nati, 1885. 
 Recollections of Seventy Years, Nashville, 
 
 Tenn., 1888. 
 History of the African Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, Nashville, Tenn., 1891. 
 
 PAYNE, PHILIP (Dec. 14, 1867-Jan. 27, 
 1927), lawyer, was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. After graduating from 
 Cornell University in 1888, he read law and 
 was admitted to the New York bar in 1890. 
 In 1894 he was admitted to the Ohio bar. 
 He later wrote for a number of newspapers 
 and magazines. He died in Highland Park, 
 111. He published several books, e.g., a 
 novel: The Mills of Man . . . , Chicago, 
 1903. WW 11 
 
Peabodv 
 
 488 
 
 PEABODY, MRS. MARK. Pseud. See Metta 
 V. F. Victor. 
 
 PEACOCK, THOMAS BROWER (April 16, 
 1852-March 1, 1919), was born in Cam- 
 bridge, Guernsey County. He attended 
 school in Zanesville, where his father edited 
 the Aurora. He was for about ten years on 
 the editorial staff of the Topeka, Kan., 
 Democrat. He also lived in Texas. He pat- 
 ented a fire escape and several other inven- 
 tions. Besides the volumes of poetry listed 
 below, he wrote several plays. 
 Poems, Independence, Kan., 1872. 
 The Vendetta and Other Poems, Topeka, 
 
 Kan., 1876. 
 The Rhyme of the Border War. A Histori- 
 cal Poem . . . , New York, 1880. 
 Poems of the Plains .... New York. 1888. 
 Columbian Ode, [Topeka, Kan., 1892]. 
 Buffalo Bill; A Poem . . . , [Denver, Colo., 
 1913]. 
 
 PEAKE, ELMORE ELLIOTT (March 25, 
 1871- ), was born in Decatur, Brown 
 County. After studying in local schools, he 
 became a railroad telegrapher and was su- 
 perintendent of telegraph for the Richmond 
 and Danville Railroad in 1893. He began 
 writing fiction in 1896. His last known ad- 
 dress is LaGrange, 111. 
 The Darlingtons, New York, 1900. 
 The Pride of Tellfair, New York, 1903. 
 The House of Hawley, New York, 1905. 
 The Little King of Angel's Landing, New 
 York, 1906. 
 
 PEAKE, THOMAS DeWITT (March 19, 
 1843- ? ), clergyman, was born in Princeton, 
 Butler County. After attending Princeton 
 schools and Hartsville Academy, he read 
 law. He was a teacher for several years 
 and then became a Methodist minister in 
 Wisconsin. Besides the title below, he pub- 
 lished lectures on religious subjects. 
 The Symbolism of Solomon's Temple, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1896. 
 
 PEALE, NORMAN VINCENT (May 31, 
 1898- ), clergyman, was born in Bow- 
 ersville. Greene County. The son of a 
 Methodist clergyman, he spent his boyhood 
 in a number of Ohio towns. After gradu- 
 ating from Bellefontaine High School and 
 Ohio Wesley an University (1920), he was 
 a reporter on the Findlay Morning Repub- 
 lican for a brief period. While reporting a 
 Methodist conference, he was filled with 
 enthusiasm for the ministry and worked his 
 way through Boston University, graduating 
 in 1924. After serving churches in Berkeley, 
 R. I., (1922-24), Brooklyn, N. Y., (1927- 
 
 30), and Syracuse, N. Y., (1930-32), he 
 was called to Marble Collegiate Reformed 
 Church, New York City. He established a 
 religio-psychiatric clinic and built his 
 church into a nationally known institution. 
 His radio sermons, a syndicated column 
 entitled "Confident Living," and a question- 
 answer column in Look magazine have 
 helped make him one of the best-known 
 ministers of the century. His books, how- 
 ever, have done most to bring him public 
 notice, especially The Power of Positive 
 Thinking, published in 1952. Other titles 
 include The Art of Living, New York, 
 [1937], and A Guide to Confident Living, 
 New York, [1948]. WW 30 
 
 PEARCE, LISTON HOUSTON (May 27, 
 1838-Feb. 24. 1924), clergyman, was born 
 near Springfield, Clark County. He gradu- 
 ated from Northwestern University, served 
 as a chaplain with the 132nd Illinois In- 
 fantry in the Civil War, and graduated from 
 Garrett Biblical Institute in 1866. He after- 
 ward served Methodist churches in Michi- 
 gan. Maryland, and New York. He wrote 
 Hilltop Views, New York, [1922]. WWW 1 
 
 PEARL, MARY FRANCES (April 6, 1905- 
 Jan. 16, 1948), born in Indianapolis, Ind., 
 graduated from Oberlin Conservatory in 
 1920 and was a music supervisor in the 
 Ohio public schools for ten years. After re- 
 tiring because of illness, she lived in Mount 
 Vernon. She published a collection of 
 poems: Runner in the Sand, Mount Vernon, 
 1941. 
 
 PEARNE, THOMAS HALL (June 7, 1820- 
 1901), clergyman and diplomat, was born 
 in London, England. His parents came to 
 America in 1825 and settled in central New 
 York State. He became a Methodist min- 
 ister in 1839. and in 1851 he was sent to 
 Ohio as a missionary. He was American 
 consul in Kingston, Jamaica, 1869-73. In 
 1873 he returned to Ohio and served 
 churches in Dayton, Hillsboro, and Spring- 
 field. 
 
 Sixty-one Years of Itinerant Christian Life 
 in Church and State, Cincinnati, 1899. 
 
 PEARSON, FRANCIS (FRANK) BAIL 
 
 (Nov. 17, 1853-Sept. 26, 1938), educator, 
 was born in Catawba, Clark County. He 
 graduated from University of Wooster in 
 1885. He was principal of East High 
 School, Columbus, 1897-1908, a member 
 of the Ohio State University faculty, 1908- 
 16. and state superintendent of public in- 
 struction, 1916—20. He wrote textbooks and 
 articles on professional subjects and Rev- 
 
489 
 
 Peck, N. W. 
 
 eries of a Schoolmaster, New York, [1917]. 
 WW 16 
 
 PEASE, ABRAHAM PER LEE (Sept. 11, 
 1847-June 26, 1926), physician, was born 
 in Massillon, Stark County. After graduat- 
 ing from the medical department of Uni- 
 versity of Wooster in 1871, he practiced 
 in Massillon from 1871 to 1904 except for 
 three years (1872-75) in Pittsburgh. He 
 traveled widely throughout the world and 
 also was deeply interested in local history. 
 A Great Discovery in a Stone Quarry in 
 Tuscarawas County . . . , [New Phila- 
 delphia, 1890]. 
 Winter Wanderings . . . , New York, 1910. 
 
 PEASE, ELEANORE FAIRCHILD (c.1889- 
 Nov. 29, 1958), was born in Elgin, 111., and 
 worked for David C. Cook Publishing Co. 
 there before moving to Cleveland in 1923. 
 She died in Sanford, Fla. She wrote a num- 
 ber of stories for young readers, e.g., Brave 
 Tales of Real Dogs, Chicago, [1931]. 
 
 PEASLEE, JOHN BRADLEY (Sept. 3, 1842- 
 Jan. 4, 1912), educator, was born in Plais- 
 tow, N. H. After graduating from Dart- 
 mouth College in 1863, he came to Co- 
 lumbus and the following year moved to 
 Cincinnati. He graduated in law from Cin- 
 cinnati College in 1866. He was a school 
 principal in Cincinnati, 1864-74, and was 
 superintendent of Cincinnati public schools, 
 1874-86. He was clerk of Hamilton County 
 Courts, 1888-95. He was an early advocate 
 of conservation and forestry and the observ- 
 ance of Arbor Day. 
 
 Trees and Tree Planting . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1884. 
 
 Thoughts and Experiences in and out of 
 School . . . , Cincinnati, 1900. 
 
 Occasional Verses and Sacred Songs, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1905]. 
 
 PEATTIE, MARGARET RHODES (Aug. 27, 
 1891-Oct. 16, 1946), born in Chicago, 
 came to Columbus in 1920 when her hus- 
 band, Roderick Peattie (q.v.), joined the 
 Ohio State University faculty. She accom- 
 panied him on his exploring expeditions. 
 Author of short stories in national maga- 
 zines, she also wrote a novel about a New 
 England village during World War II: The 
 Return, New York, 1944. 
 
 PEATTIE, RODERICK (Aug. 1, 1891-June 
 18, 1955), geographer, was born in Omaha, 
 Neb. He graduated from the University of 
 Chicago in 1914 and Harvard University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1920. He was on the Ohio State 
 University faculty from 1920 until his 
 
 death. A specialist in mountain geography 
 and geopolitics, he wrote several textbooks, 
 was editor of the American Mountains 
 series, and wrote several volumes in that 
 series. He also wrote an autobiography: 
 The Incurable Romantic, New York, 1941. 
 WWW 3 
 
 PECK, GEORGE WASHINGTON (Dec. 4, 
 1817-June 6, 1859), born in Rehoboth, 
 Mass., lived in Ohio and Indiana in the 
 late 1830s and early 1840s. For a time he 
 edited the Daily Sun and the Republican 
 in Cincinnati. He is best remembered today 
 for a travel book: Melbourne and the 
 Chincha Islands; With Sketches of Lima, 
 and a Voyage Round the World, New 
 York, 1854. 
 
 PECK, HARVEY WHITEFIELD (Oct. 30, 
 1879- ), educator, was born in Warren, 
 Trumbull County. He graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1905 and Yale Univer- 
 sity (Ph.D.) in 1913. He taught economics 
 in several universities. He now lives in 
 Winter Park, Fla. He published several 
 books on economics, e.g., Taxation and 
 Welfare, New York, 1925. WW 27 
 
 PECK, HIRAM DAVID (March 23, 1844- 
 Oct. 11, 1914), lawyer and judge, born in 
 Harrison County, Ky., graduated from 
 Miami University in 1862 and completed 
 his legal training at Harvard University in 
 1865. He practiced law in Cincinnati and 
 was judge of the Superior Court, 1883-89. 
 He published several legal handbooks. A 
 collection of his writings was published 
 posthumously: Essays and Letters, Cincin- 
 cinnati, 1915. WWW 1 
 
 PECK, JOHN WELD (Feb. 5, 1874-Aug. 10, 
 1937), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 Wyoming, Hamilton County, and spent his 
 boyhood in Mount Auburn. After attending 
 Miami University for one year, he trans- 
 ferred to Harvard University, where he 
 graduated in 1896. He graduated from Cin- 
 cinnati Law School in 1898 and afterward 
 practiced in Cincinnati. He served as U. S. 
 District Court Judge, 1919-23. A collection 
 of his writings was posthumously published: 
 John Weld Peck . . . , Cincinnati, 1938. 
 
 PECK, NELLE WRIGHT (Oct. 30, 1871- 
 Oct. 26, 1931), daughter of a Cincinnati 
 dentist, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. After her death her husband, John 
 Weld Peck (q.v.), published for the family 
 her recollections of her girlhood in Switzer- 
 land: Memories of a Childhood in Switzer- 
 land, [Cincinnati, 1932]. 
 
Peck, W. E. 
 
 490 
 
 PECK, WALTER EDWIN (Feb. 15, 1891- 
 Jan. 15, 1954), educator, was born in 
 Ashtabula, Ashtabula County. He attended 
 the College of Wooster for two years and 
 graduated from Hamilton College in 1913. 
 After several years of college teaching, he 
 earned a doctorate from Oxford University 
 in 1922. He taught at Columbia University 
 and Hunter College until 1929, when a 
 scandal forced his resignation. For the last 
 25 years of his life he was one of the most 
 picturesque figures on the New York 
 Bowery. He wrote occasionally for the 
 Bowery News to earn a little money. Tall 
 and gaunt, he was known for his resonant 
 voice as he recited Kipling's poems or lec- 
 tured to sociology students visiting the 
 Bowery. He had attracted international at- 
 tention in 1925 by discovering two unpub- 
 lished poems by Shelley and won critical 
 acclaim for his book, Shelley, His Life and 
 Work .... 2 vols., Boston, 1927. WW 16 
 
 PECKHAM, HARRY HOUSTON (Feb. 17, 
 1885- ), educator, was born in Hiram, 
 Portage County. After graduating from 
 Hiram College in 1906, he did graduate 
 work in English at several universities and 
 afterward served on the faculties of North 
 Carolina State College, Purdue University, 
 and Ohio University. He wrote several text- 
 books and Present-day American Poetry, 
 and Other Essays, Boston, [1917]. DAS 3 
 
 PEDDICORD, KELION FRANKLIN (Oct. 
 1, 1833-Aug. 28, 1903), was born on a 
 farm near Barnesville, Belmont County. 
 The family moved to Barnesville, where his 
 father operated the Mansion House, and in 
 1846 they moved to Washington County. 
 In 1850 Kelion began working on railroad 
 construction in Virginia. He enlisted in the 
 Confederate army in 1861, served under 
 General Morgan, was captured and im- 
 prisoned until the end of the war. After the 
 war he moved to Missouri, where he was 
 a farmer, a hotel keeper, postmaster of 
 Palmyra, and a banker. His sister, Indiana 
 Washington Logan, edited a book which 
 consists chiefly of a journal of his war ex- 
 periences: Kelion Franklin Peddicord of 
 Quirk's Scouts, Morgan's Kentucky Cavalry 
 . . . , New York, 1908. 
 
 PEDEN, DON VINTON (July 4, 1888-Dec. 
 31, 1945), born in Huntington, Ind., came 
 to Cleveland in 1916. He was president of 
 Peden Equipment Co. and later edited two 
 Masonic magazines, the Bulletin and the 
 Outlook. He published a pamphlet of verse: 
 The "Son" of George Washington, Cleve- 
 land, [1936]. 
 
 PEEKE, GEORGE HEWSON (March 18, 
 1883-Dec. 26, 1915), clergyman, was born 
 in Rotterdam, N. Y. He graduated from 
 Rutgers University in 1857. After graduat- 
 ing from the Reformed Dutch Theological 
 Seminary in 1860, he married Margaret 
 Bloodgood (see below). After serving 
 churches in Indiana, Iowa, New Jersey, and 
 elsewhere, he arrived in Sandusky in 1883. 
 He preached in Sandusky and Cleveland. 
 He was also active in the prohibition move- 
 ment. He died in Sandusky. He wrote The 
 Spiritual Body in Relation to the Divine 
 Law of Life,' Boston, [1912]. 
 
 PEEKE, HEWSON LINDSLEY (April 21, 
 1861-Feb. 17, 1942), lawyer, was born in 
 South Bend, Ind., the son of George Hew- 
 son and Margaret Bloodgood Peeke (qq.v.). 
 He graduated from Williams College in 
 1882, read law, and was admitted to the 
 Ohio bar in 1885. He practiced in Sandusky, 
 suported the prohibition movement, and 
 frequently ran for office on the Prohibition 
 ticket. In 1901 he established the Corner- 
 stone Publishing Company to publish the 
 Ohio State prohibition paper. Interested in 
 local history, he was president of Firelands 
 Historical Society for a number of years 
 and wrote several books on historical sub- 
 jects, e.g., The Centennial History of Erie 
 County, Ohio, 2 vols., [Cleveland], 1925. 
 
 PEEKE, MARGARET BLOODGOOD (April 
 8, 1838-1908), was born in Mechanicsville, 
 N. Y. She taught in the New York public 
 schools, 1853-54, and in her own school 
 in Irvington, N. J., 1855-59. In 1860 she 
 married Rev. George H. Peeke (q.v.), a 
 Presbyterian minister. She lived in various 
 cities where her husband held pastorates, 
 including Sandusky (1883-90) and Cleve- 
 land (1890-94). She also traveled widely, 
 teaching Hermetic philosophy. Her largest 
 following was in the Cleveland-Sandusky 
 area. She spent her last years in Sandusky. 
 Born of Flame. A Rosicrucian Story, Phila- 
 delphia, 1892. 
 Zenia, the Vestal; Or, the Problem of 
 
 Vibrations, Boston, 1893. 
 Numbers and Letters: Or, the Thirty-two 
 Paths of Wisdom, New York, [1908]. 
 
 PEERY, RUFUS BENTON (April 9, 1868- 
 Oct. 25, 1934), born in Burke's Garden, 
 Va., was a Lutheran minister in Wooster, 
 1924-31. He also served in Japan as a 
 missionary, and as a result of this experi- 
 ence he wrote The Gist of Japan, Chicago, 
 1897. 
 
 PEET, STEPHEN DENISON (Dec. 2, 1831- 
 May 24, 1914), clergyman and archaeol- 
 
491 
 
 Pemberton, B. A. 
 
 ogist, was born in Euclid, Cuyahoga 
 County. He graduated from Beloit College 
 in 1851 and Andover Seminary in 1854. 
 Ordained a Congregationalist minister in 
 1855, he served various churches in the 
 Midwest, including one at Ashtabula. He 
 was fascinated by the mounds in Ohio and 
 Wisconsin and was a founder of the Ohio 
 Archaeological Association in 1875. In 
 1878 he founded the American Antiquarian 
 and Oriental Journal, which he edited until 
 his death. Although many of his specula- 
 tions concerning the Mound Builders have 
 been disproved, he was an important pio- 
 neer in arousing interest in archaeology. He 
 died in Salem, Mass. 
 The Ashtabula Disaster, Chicago, 1877. 
 Emblematic Mounds and Animal Effigies, 
 
 Chicago, 1890. 
 The Mound Builders; Their Works and 
 
 Relics, Chicago, 1892. 
 The Cliff Dwellers and Pueblos, Chicago, 
 
 1899. 
 Ancient Monuments and Ruined Cities . . . , 
 
 Chicago, 1904. 
 Myths and Symbols . . . , Chicago, 1905. 
 
 PEIRCE, PAUL SKEELS (Oct. 25, 1874- 
 March 31, 1951), educator, born in Niag- 
 ara County, N. Y., was professor of eco- 
 nomics at Oberlin College, 1921-40. He 
 published several technical works in the 
 field of social studies and The Freedmen's 
 Bureau . . . , Iowa City, 1904. WWW 3 
 
 PEIRCE, THOMAS (1786-1850), was born 
 in Chester County, Pa. Left fatherless at 
 the age of five, he began working at an 
 early age and learned the saddler's trade. 
 When he was 24, he entered a Quaker 
 boarding school at New Garden, Pa. After 
 coming to Cincinnati three years later, he 
 became a successful merchant and began 
 writing poetry for local newspapers. As a 
 director of the Circulating Library of Cin- 
 cinnati, he was associated with the town's 
 leading literary figures, Daniel and Ben- 
 jamin Drake. In 1816 he published his 
 earliest known volume of verse, a twelve- 
 page carriers' address for the patrons of the 
 Western Spy. Five years later he began to 
 enliven the stuffy columns of the Spy with 
 a series of witty, satirical odes, biting cari- 
 catures of Cincinnati's most prominent citi- 
 zens and provocative exposures of local 
 follies. In 1822 they were collected and 
 published as The Odes of Horace in Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio's first noteworthy contribu- 
 tion to Western poetry. "Billy Moody," a 
 series of 29 chapters recounting the travels 
 of a Yankee schoolmaster in the West, was 
 published in the National Republican and 
 
 Ohio Political Register in 1823. These are 
 believed to have been collected and pub- 
 lished in a pamphlet, no copy of which is 
 known to exist. The Muse of Hesperia, 
 published anonymously in 1823, was awarded 
 a prize offered by the Philomathic So- 
 ciety of Cincinnati College; but Peirce 
 never claimed the prize or acknowledged 
 the poem. In 1822 he gave up his business 
 interests to study medicine. He graduated 
 in 1827, but returned to commercial pur- 
 suits instead of practicing medicine. He 
 died in Cincinnati. 
 A Present from the Carrier of the Western 
 
 Spy, to Its Patrons . . . , [Cincinnati, 
 
 1816]. 
 A Poetical Gift to the Patrons of "The 
 
 Western Spy" . . . , Cincinnati, [1817]. 
 The Odes of Horace in Cincinnati . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1822. 
 The Muse of Hesperia, a Poetic Reverie, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1823. 
 
 PELHAM, RICHARD W. (1797-1873), was 
 a member of the Shaker community in 
 Warren County, and he helped found North 
 Union, Groveland, and other communities. 
 The pamphlet below was also published in 
 Cincinnati, and he undoubtedly wrote 
 others. 
 
 The Shaker's Answer to a Letter from an 
 Inquirer, Union Village, 1868. 
 
 PELIKAN, JAROSLAV JAN, JR. (Dec. 17, 
 1923- ), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Akron, Summit County, and lived 
 there for a few years of his early child- 
 hood. He graduated from Concordia Col- 
 lege, Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1942, Concordia 
 Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., in 1946, and the 
 University of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1946. He 
 has served on the faculties of Valparaiso 
 University, 1946-49, Concordia Seminary, 
 1949-53, Federated Theological Faculty, 
 University of Chicago, 1953-60. He is now 
 teaching at Yale University. He has written 
 numerous articles for religious periodicals, 
 is now editing Luther's Works, and has pub- 
 lished several books on religious themes, 
 e.g., From Luther to Kierkegaard . . . , St. 
 Louis, Mo., [1950]. 
 
 PEMRERTON, RENJAMIN ALDUS (1865- 
 1922), was born on a farm near West Mil- 
 ton, Miami County, in a Quaker family. 
 After attending West Milton High School 
 and Earlham College, Ind., he taught school 
 for a time. Because of ill health he spent 
 much of his later life in Colorado and 
 Arizona. During his years in the West, he 
 wrote about his native county in a volume 
 of poems: Traditions of the Miami Valley 
 . . . , Dayton, [1912]. 
 
Pemberton, L. B. 
 
 492 
 
 PEMBERTON, LOVELL BEARSE (Nov. 25, 
 1866- ), engineer, was born in Bethel, 
 Clermont County. Few biographical details 
 are available, but he was an architectural 
 engineer and lived for many years in Cali- 
 fornia. 
 Sappho and Other Songs, Los Angeles, 
 
 1895. 
 Prometheus Unbound. A Lyrical Drama, 
 
 Franklin, 1896. 
 A Modern Pilgrimage to Palestine, Phila- 
 delphia, 1923. 
 The Dance at the Spring and Other Poems, 
 Boston, 1929. 
 
 PENDLETON, EDMUND (1845-1910), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He 
 was educated by private tutors. During the 
 Civil War he served with the 4th New York 
 heavy artillery. He was president of the 
 Cincinnati Exposition of Arts and Indus- 
 tries, 1875-79, and was later president of 
 the Cincinnati Musical Festivals. 
 A Conventional Bohemian, New York, 
 
 1886. 
 A Virginia Inheritance, a Novel, New 
 
 York, 1888. 
 One Woman's Way, a Novel, New York, 
 
 1891. 
 A Complication in Hearts; A Novel, New 
 
 York, 1893. 
 
 PENDLETON, GEORGE HUNT (July 19, 
 1825-Nov. 24, 1889), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. After attending Cin- 
 cinnati schools and studying under private 
 tutors, he made a European tour, 1844-46. 
 On his return he read law with Stephen 
 Fales and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 
 1847. Serving in the U. S. House of Repre- 
 sentatives, 1857-65, he was a leader of the 
 peace Democrats. He opposed many of 
 Lincoln's policies, and in 1864 he was can- 
 didate for vice-president on the National 
 Democratic ticket. He served in the U. S. 
 Senate, 1879-85, and as minister to Ger- 
 many from 1885 until his death in Brussels, 
 Belgium. Many of his speeches in Congress 
 were published in pamphlet form. The col- 
 lection of letters and speeches listed below 
 was probably issued as a campaign docu- 
 ment. 
 
 Hear George H. Pendleton, [Richmond, 
 1864?]. 
 
 PENDLETON, JAMES MADISON (Nov. 20, 
 1811-March 4, 1891), born in Spotsylvania 
 County, Va., was a Baptist minister in 
 Hamilton, 1862-65. He published numerous 
 articles and books on religious themes and 
 an autobiography: Reminiscences of a Long 
 Life, Louisville, Ky., 1891. 
 
 PENN, IRVINE GARLAND (Oct. 7, 1866- 
 July 21, 1930), clergyman, born in Lynch- 
 burg, Va., lived in Cincinnati for many 
 years while filling various positions in the 
 Methodist Church. At the time of his death 
 in Cincinnati, he was secretary of the board 
 of education of his church. 
 The Afro-American Press and Its Editors, 
 Springfield, Mass., 1891. 
 
 PENN, JULIUS AUGUSTUS (Feb. 19, 1865- 
 May 13, 1934), army officer, was born in 
 Mattoon, 111., but after completing his 
 army career, lived in Batavia, Clermont 
 County. His only book was published for 
 private circulation among members of his 
 regiment: A Narrative of the Campaign in 
 Northern Luzon, P. I. ... , [Batavia], 1933. 
 WWW 1 
 
 PENNELL, ORRIN H. (1870-Dec. 26, 1938), 
 clergyman, was born in Champion, Trum- 
 bull County. After graduating from Girard 
 High School and West Farmington Semi- 
 nary, he was a Methodist minister in various 
 Ohio communities for nearly fifty years. The 
 book listed below was reissued in 1904. 
 Religious Views of Abraham Lincoln, Alli- 
 ance, [1899]. 
 
 PENNELL, WILLIAM WESLEY (Feb. 2, 
 1853-Sept. 30, 1930), physician, was born 
 in Benton, Holmes County. After graduat- 
 ing from Western Reserve University in 
 1882, he practiced medicine in Holmes and 
 Knox Counties for forty years. He con- 
 tributed numerous papers to professional 
 journals and wrote at least three books, 
 e.g., The Buckeye Doctor . . . , New York, 
 [1903]. 
 
 PENNINGTON, BENJAMIN LINVILL 
 
 (March 23, 1837-Jan. 15, 1907), was born 
 in Gap, Pa. When he was two months old, 
 his parents moved to Champaign County, 
 where he grew up. In 1860 he went to 
 Cleveland. After serving with the 150th 
 O.V.I, he became a ship broker and later 
 owned several Great Lakes ships. He re- 
 tired from Lakes trade in 1883 and entered 
 the hardware business. The collection of 
 short stories listed below is his only known 
 publication. 
 
 The Strange Case of Dr. Richard Kedgway 
 and Other Matters, [Cleveland, n.d.]. 
 
 PENNOCK, ANNA M. See Anna M. Pennock 
 Bird. 
 
 PEPPER, CHARLES MELVILLE (Nov. 11, 
 1859-Nov. 4, 1930), journalist and govern- 
 ment official, was born in Ohio, probably in 
 
493 
 
 Perkins, J. H. 
 
 Morrow County. After graduating from 
 University of Wooster in 1881, he worked 
 on the Chicago Tribune and the New York 
 Herald, 1886-1901. He was an official in 
 the Department of Commerce, a foreign 
 trade advisor to the State Department, and 
 served on numerous commissions and agen- 
 cies. 
 
 To-morrow in Cuba, New York, 1899. 
 Every-day Life in Washington, with Pen 
 
 and Camera, New York, 1900. 
 Guatemala, the Country of the Future . . . , 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1906. 
 Panama to Patagonia; The Isthmian Canal 
 
 and the West Coast Countries of South 
 
 America, Chicago, 1906. 
 Republica de Colombia . . . , Washington, 
 
 D. C, 1908. 
 Life-Work of Louis Klopsch; Romance of 
 
 a Modern Knight of Mercy, New York, 
 
 [1910]. 
 American Foreign Trade . . . , New York, 
 
 1919. 
 The Life and Times of Henry Gassaway 
 
 Davis, 1823-1916, New York, 1920. 
 
 PEPPER, GEORGE WHITFIELD (July 11, 
 1833-Aug. 6, 1899), clergyman, was born 
 in Ballinagarrick, Ireland. After studying 
 at Royal Belfast Academical Institution, he 
 came to America in 1854 and entered Bex- 
 ley Seminary at Kenyon College. Admitted 
 to the North Ohio Conference of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church in 1855, he 
 filled several pulpits in Coshocton and 
 Morrow Counties. In 1861, as the result of 
 a war sermon delivered at Keene, he 
 formed the nucleus of the 80th O.V.I, and 
 assumed command of Company H. Fol- 
 lowing the Civil War he re-entered the min- 
 istry and served in numerous pastorates in 
 northern Ohio until his appointment as 
 U. S. Consul at Milan, Italy, in 1890. His 
 book about Sherman's campaign is one of 
 the best-written narratives contributed by 
 Ohio writers to literature of the Civil War. 
 He died in Cleveland. 
 
 Personal Recollections of Sherman's Cam- 
 paigns, in Georgia and the Carolinas, 
 Zanesville, 1866. 
 Under Three Flags; Or, the Story of My 
 Life . . . , Cincinnati, 1899. 
 
 PERCIVAL, MILTON OSWIN (Feb. 26, 
 1883- ), educator, was born in Ash- 
 land, Ashland County. He graduated from 
 Harvard University (A.B., 1906; Ph.D., 
 1914) and served on the English faculty of 
 Ohio State University, 1917-53. He pub- 
 lished William Blake's Circle of Destiny, 
 New York, 1938. DAS 3 
 
 PERKINS, EDNA BRUSH (March 25, 
 1880-Oct. 11, 1930), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. She attended 
 Hathaway-Brown School and Western Re- 
 serve University. In 1903 she began an ac- 
 tive career of social service by working at 
 the Lend-a-Hand Mission, Cleveland. She 
 married Roger G. Perkins in 1905. She was 
 also active in the women's suffrage move- 
 ment and was a founder of the Women's 
 City Club of Cleveland. She was studying 
 painting before her death in Cleveland and 
 exhibited her paintings in several cities. She 
 traveled widely and wrote two travel books, 
 e.g., A Red Carpet on the Sahara, Boston, 
 [1925]. 
 
 PERKINS, GEORGE (April 1, 1844-Dec. 2, 
 1926), was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County. He served as a private in the 149th 
 O.V.I, from May to August, 1864. After 
 the Civil War he was a clerk and a book- 
 seller in Chillicothe, and his death occurred 
 in that community. The first title below was 
 published under the pen name George 
 Dulac. 
 Before the Dawn; A Story of Paris and the 
 
 Jacquerie, New York, 1888. 
 Pat McFree, the Irish Patentee. A Farce 
 
 in One Act, Clyde, 1898. 
 A Summer in Maryland and Virginia; Or, 
 Campaigning with the 149th Ohio Volun- 
 teer Infantry . . . , Chillicothe, [1911]. 
 
 PERKINS, JACOB BISHOP (Dec. 20, 1854- 
 Dec. 26, 1936), industrialist, was born in 
 Warren, Trumbull County. He was edu- 
 cated in private schools in Cleveland and at 
 Greylock Institute, Mass. His death oc- 
 curred in Cleveland. He wrote a book of 
 reminiscences of his experiences fox-hunting 
 in England and in the Cleveland area: /. 
 B.'s Final Bulletin, Cleveland, 1937. 
 
 PERKINS, JAMES HANDASYD (July 31, 
 1810-Dec. 14, 1849), author and editor, was 
 born in Boston, Mass. He had the good for- 
 tune to attend the famous Round Hill 
 School directed by George Bancroft and 
 Joseph Cogswell. Such a stimulating atmo- 
 sphere undoubtedly instilled a vision of 
 society that a commercial career in Boston 
 did not satisfy. After a short try at business, 
 he struck out for the West, arriving in Cin- 
 cinnati in 1832. There he studied law in the 
 offices of Hon. Timothy Walker, who had 
 been his mathematics instructor at Round 
 Hill. He passed the bar in 1834 but dis- 
 covered the practice of law intellectually 
 depressing amid practical standards that 
 were not morally consistent with his ideals. 
 He found the society of the West most con- 
 
Perkins, J. H. 
 
 494 
 
 genial and, now concentrating on creative 
 writing, soon became a vital force in the 
 literary life of the Queen City. His legal 
 training later resulted in his making a selec- 
 tion under the advice of Judge Story from 
 the decisions of Chief Justice Marshall: 
 The Writings of John Marshall . . . Upon 
 the Federal Constitution, Boston, 1839. 
 Perkins now became active in all directions 
 in an intellectual climate which he helped 
 make exciting. Unhampered by an existing 
 literary tradition, he wrote widely for all 
 the literary organs. He contributed essays, 
 poems, and stories to the successful Western 
 Monthly Magazine (1833-36) edited by 
 James Hall (q.v.). He became editor early 
 in 1834 of the Saturday Evening Chronicle, 
 which he purchased in 1835 to unite with 
 the Cincinnati Mirror, published by Wil- 
 liam D. Gallagher and Thomas H. Shreve 
 (qq.v.). For six months the three friends 
 edited this paper jointly. In 1834, Perkins 
 married Sarah H. Elliott, who had been liv- 
 ing with her sister, Mrs. Samuel E. Foote. 
 The Footes, well established in the city, en- 
 joyed a society that Mrs. Trollope during 
 her unhappy stay in Cincinnati never knew. 
 Men such as Perkins contributed much to 
 Cincinnati's early development from a fron- 
 tier shipping post to a cultural metropolis. 
 Perkins happily combined an Eastern edu- 
 cation and observations from foreign travel 
 with an active enthusiasm for the life and 
 recent history of the West. His gentle 
 humor and interest made him a desired 
 member of the intellectual societies of the 
 1830s such as The Inquisition and the 
 Semi-Colon Club, whose members included 
 Gallagher, Channing, and Harriet Beecher 
 Stowe. His addresses at the Mechanics In- 
 stitute were noted for their humor and wide 
 resources of information. He became an 
 organizer and an important lecturer of the 
 Western Literary Institute and College of 
 Professional Teachers, a unique educational 
 venture of this period. Later he joined with 
 such leaders as Lyman Beecher, O. M. 
 Mitchel, and C. E. Stowe to lecture before 
 an auxiliary organization of great popular- 
 ity, the Cincinnati Society for the Promo- 
 tion of Useful Knowledge. He was likewise 
 known as a generous patron of the Young 
 Men's Mercantile Library. Perkins assisted 
 Rev. Ephraim Peabody and later his own 
 cousin, Rev. W. H. Channing, in edit- 
 ing that most important magazine of the 
 time, the Western Messenger. This periodi- 
 cal, published by the Western Unitarian As- 
 sociation, was devoted to religion and litera- 
 ture. Published in Cincinnati and Louisville 
 from 1835 to 1841, it was tinged with trans- 
 cendentalism but was primarily interested 
 
 in literature. The magazine first published 
 Emerson's poetry and original contributions 
 by John Keats which were supplied in 
 manuscript by his brother George, who 
 lived in Louisville. It became an early out- 
 let for writings of those associated with the 
 Concord group such as Margaret Fuller 
 and Elizabeth Peabody. Containing the 
 finest literature of the period, far outclass- 
 ing other periodicals of the Ohio Valley, it 
 was the forerunner and the harbinger of 
 the world-famous transcendental Dial. 
 Perkins himself contributed articles, poetry, 
 and reviews of solid merit. Entering with 
 zest into all the literary ventures of this 
 new publishing center which was so con- 
 genial to literature and the arts, Perkins also 
 placed several short stories in Gallagher's 
 short-lived Hesperian (1837-39). Historical 
 and critical articles published in the North 
 American Review and the New York Quar- 
 terly in 1838 had been originally projected 
 by Perkins as books, but procrastination 
 was as much a part of his make-up as was 
 his widely ranging interest. However, in 
 Jan., 1838, he gave an address before the 
 Ohio Historical Society of Columbus on 
 "Subjects of Western History" which was 
 so successful that he immediately projected 
 a book which he did ultimately carry 
 through to completion. This Annals of the 
 West is his major published work and is a 
 great source of historical data. It was enor- 
 mously successful, going into two printings 
 for each of two subsequent editions. Perkins, 
 who wished recognition as a creative and 
 critical writer, is known chiefly for this his- 
 torical reference book of entertaining ex- 
 cerpts unimaginatively arranged in chrono- 
 logical order. His interest in history was 
 continuous, and he was elected first presi- 
 dent of the Cincinnati Historical Society, 
 organized in 1844. At the time this society 
 and the Ohio Historical Society were united 
 in 1849, Perkins was made vice president 
 and recording secretary. President Harrison 
 was proudly claimed by Cincinnati and 
 after his untimely death, Perkins was called 
 upon to revise the campaign biography by 
 C. S. Todd and B. Drake. The resulting 
 popularly priced edition of Sketches of the 
 Civil and Military Services of William 
 Henry Harrison included two additional 
 chapters by Perkins on the political cam- 
 paign of 1840 and on Harrison's inaugura- 
 tion and brief administration of one month. 
 In 1839 Perkins was chosen to head a 
 Ministry-at-Large to distribute charity from 
 the First Congregational Society and the 
 American Unitarian Association. This office 
 he administered so happily and humbly 
 that his further efforts culminated in the 
 
495 
 
 Peters, G. H. N. 
 
 establishment of a central Relief Union, a 
 charitable intelligence office similar to the 
 present-day Community Chest. This is per- 
 haps his chief memorial, for he is ever 
 known and remembered in Cincinnati for 
 his charitable and educational work. In 
 1841 he was drafted to replace his cousin, 
 Reverend William H. Channing (q.v.), as 
 pastor of the Unitarian Society of Cincin- 
 nati. He was a truly successful preacher 
 although never himself satisfied with his 
 services. He remained as pastor under pro- 
 test after 1847 until his tragic suicide in a 
 fit of depression on Dec. 14, 1849. Perkins 
 was a literary power behind the scenes in 
 Cincinnati, but he never carried through 
 the projects which ought to have brought 
 him some wider measure of recognition. His 
 forte apparently lay in his ministry, yet his 
 aspirations were for a creative ideal that 
 his powers could not attain. 
 
 Wyman W. Parker 
 Annals of the West . . . , Cincinnati, 1846. 
 The Memoir and Writings of James Hand- 
 
 asyd Perkins, (William Henry Channing, 
 
 ed.), Cincinnati, 1851. 
 
 PERKINS, SARAH MARIA CLINTON 
 
 (April 23, 1824-Dec. 2. 1905) was born 
 in Ostego, N. Y. After teaching in district 
 schools for several years, she married Rev. 
 Owen Perkins of Savoy, Mass. When his 
 health failed, she replaced him in the pul- 
 pit and also lectured on temperance. In 
 1880, after his death, she moved to Cleve- 
 land, where she spent the remainder of her 
 life. She published Sunday school stories 
 for children and temperance stories. 
 Helen; Or, Will She Save Him?, New York, 
 
 1886. 
 Six of Them, Cleveland, 1898. 
 Pioneer Work. Seventy Years of Temper- 
 ance Work . . . , [Cleveland, n.d.]. 
 
 PERRIN, JOHN WILLIAM (March 19, 
 1861— July 14, 1924), educator, was born 
 in Eugene, Ind. He graduated from Wabash 
 College in 1889. He taught at Allegheny 
 College, 1894-98. and Western Reserve 
 University, 1898-1904. In 1905 he became 
 librarian of Case Library. He died in Cleve- 
 land. His writings include articles and 
 pamphlets on education; he also wrote His- 
 tory of the Cleveland Sinking Fund of 1862, 
 Cleveland, 1913. WWW 1 
 
 PERRY, ELIZABETH WILLIAMS (March 
 5. 1823-June 24. 1914), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati. Hamilton County, the daughter of 
 Micajah Williams, Surveyor-General of the 
 Northwest Territory. Wife of Aaron F. 
 Perry, a Cincinnati attorney, she took an 
 
 active part in the cultural life of the city 
 and was one of the founders of the 
 Women's Art Museum. Her book about 
 flowers, begun when she was 78, was pub- 
 lished posthumously by her daughters. 
 A Sketch of the Ohio Company, [n.p., 
 
 1900?]. 
 Studies of a Plant Lover, Cincinnati, 1921. 
 
 PERRY, OLIVER HAZARD (April 12, 1817- 
 Dec. 23, 1864). was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. By the time he was nine- 
 teen years old, he had become an enthusi- 
 astic hunter of every species of game with 
 which the wilds of Ohio and Michigan then 
 abounded. Possessed of ample means, he 
 enjoyed nothing so much as a protracted 
 hunting expedition with his friends, and his 
 solitary hunts often lasted several months. 
 It was his practice to preserve careful and 
 detailed accounts of his experiences on 
 these expeditions, so that he and his friends 
 might recall and enjoy in afterlife their 
 thrilling adventures and pleasures. In 1899 
 his hunting diaries were published in a lim- 
 ited edition. Not only are they a valuable 
 contribution to the literature of the period, 
 but they also constitute the finest account 
 of hunting in the Midwest during the first 
 half of the nineteenth century. He was 
 killed in a railroad accident in 1864. 
 Hunting Expeditions of Oliver Hazard 
 Perry of Cleveland Verbatim from His 
 Diaries . . . , Cleveland, 1899. 
 
 PERRY, ROBERT E. (May 12, 1881- ), 
 was born in Greenville, Darke County. He 
 has coached high school plays in Bradford 
 and Covington and has written a number 
 of plays and pageants on historical subjects. 
 He lives in Bradford. Darke County. He 
 has also written Treatv City, a Story of 
 Old Green Ville, Bradford, 1945. 
 
 PETER. WILLIAM WESLEY (Dec. 1, 1882- 
 1958), was born in Elliston, Ottawa 
 County. He graduated from Northwestern 
 College, Naperville, 111., in 1904 and Rush 
 Medical College, University of Chicago, in 
 1910. He served as a health officer and 
 edited medical magazines in China, 19 15— 
 26, and became medical director of the 
 Navajo area in 1934. He published several 
 books on health and medicine, e.g., Masto- 
 dons, Microbes and Man, New York, 1931. 
 WW 21 
 
 PETERS, GEORGE NATHANIEL HENRY 
 
 (Nov. 29, 1825-Oct. 7. 1909), clergyman, 
 born in New Berlin, Pa., graduated from 
 the theological department, Wittenberg Col- 
 lege, in 1850. After being ordained to the 
 
Peters, W. E. 
 
 496 
 
 ministry the following year, he served 
 Lutheran churches in Woodbury, Xenia, 
 and Plymouth. He retired from the ministry 
 in 1858 because of ill health and settled in 
 Springfield. In 1871 he moved to Nebraska 
 and was one of the organizers of the Ne- 
 braska Synod. His book, which is based on 
 a wide range of millennial writings, is 
 esteemed today by some religious groups 
 because of its emphasis on the imminent 
 second coming of Christ. 
 The Theocratic Kingdom of Our Lord 
 
 Jesus, the Christ, 3 vols., New York, 
 
 1884. 
 
 PETERS, WILLIAM E. (July 25. 1857-Nov. 
 15, 1952), was born in Somerville, Butler 
 County, but spent much of his life in 
 Athens. He graduated from National Nor- 
 mal University, Lebanon, taught school in 
 Shelby County, and worked as a civil engi- 
 neer for several railroads. In 1891 he was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar. He wrote several 
 technical works on law and on engineering 
 and also published Athens County and 
 Where and How to Find, Athens, 1942. 
 
 PETERSON, FLORENCE (Feb. 17, 1894- 
 ), educator, was born in Dayton, 
 Montgomery County. After graduating 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1917, 
 she became personnel manager of Selby 
 Shoe Co., Portsmouth, 1917-28. served as 
 director of Wisconsin Unemployment Re- 
 lief, 1930-34, and in the U. S. Department 
 of Labor, 1934-47. She taught at Bryn 
 Mawr College, 1947-51, after which she 
 joined the faculty of Rollins College. She 
 has written numerous articles on labor, 
 government bulletins, and one book: Ameri- 
 can Labor Unions . . . , New York, [1945]. 
 WW 30 
 
 PETTY, ORVTLLE ANDERSON (Feb. 20, 
 1874-Aug. 12, 1942), clergyman, was born 
 in Cadiz, Harrison County. He graduated 
 from Muskingum College in 1898 and Pitts- 
 burgh Theological Seminary in 1901. He 
 served churches in Colorado, Illinois, and 
 Connecticut, and was president of Arnold 
 College, 1929-30. He wrote several books 
 on religious themes, e.g., Common Sense 
 and God . . . , New Haven, Conn., 1936. 
 WWW 2 
 
 PHELAN, JOHN JOSEPH (Oct. 17, 1871- 
 Jan. 25, 1944), clergyman, was born in 
 Nantucket, Mass. After serving as pastor 
 of Immanuel Baptist Church, New Bedford, 
 Mass., 1902-12, he came to Toledo, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. He wrote 
 
 a regular column in the Homiletic-Exposi- 
 tor for a number of years and also wrote 
 several pamphlets on commercialized 
 amusements and juvenile delinquency in 
 Toledo, e.g., Pool, Billiards and Bowling 
 Alleys . . . , Toledo, [1919]. 
 
 PHELPS, GEORGE H. (Sept. 24, 1854- 
 April 2, 1941), lawyer, was born in Cat- 
 taraugus County, N. Y. In 1888 he came 
 to Findlay, where he practiced law. Under 
 his own name he published Six Stories 
 [Detroit], 1916, and under the name Patrick 
 Quinn Tangent, The New Columbia . . . , 
 Findlay, 1909. 
 
 PHILIPSON, DAVID (Aug. 9, 1862-June 29, 
 1949), rabbi and educator, was born in 
 Warsaw, Ind. He came to Cincinnati in 
 1878 and graduated from the University of 
 Cincinnati and Hebrew Union College in 
 1883. He served as rabbi of Har Sinai Con- 
 gregation in Baltimore, Md., 1884-88, and 
 spent the remainder of his life in Cincin- 
 nati. He was rabbi of B'ne Israel Congrega- 
 tion, 1888-1938, and joined the faculty of 
 Hebrew Union College in 1891. He edited 
 The Selected Writings of Isaac M. Wise 
 (1900), Reminiscences by Isaac M. Wise 
 (1901), and Letters of Rebecca Gratz 
 (1929), and also contributed many articles 
 to magazines. 
 The Jew in English Fiction, Cincinnati, 
 
 1889. 
 The Oldest Jewish Congegration in the 
 
 West, Cincinnati, 1894. 
 Old European Jewries, Philadelphia. 1894. 
 A Holiday Sheaf, Cincinnati, 1898. 
 The Reform Movement in Judaism, New 
 
 York, 1907. 
 The Jew in America, Cincinnati, 1909. 
 Max Lilienthal — American Rabbi, New 
 
 York, 1915. 
 Centenary Papers and Others, New York. 
 
 1919. ' 
 History of the Hebrew Union College, [Cin- 
 cinnati], 1925. 
 My Life as an American Jew; An Auto- 
 biography, Cincinnati, [1941]. 
 Children's Harvest Service, New York, 
 
 [n.d.]. 
 Lectures, New York, [n.d.]. 
 The Reform Movement in America, New 
 York, [n.d.]. 
 
 PHILLIPPI, JOSEPH MARTIN (March 2, 
 1869-Sept. 27, 1926), clergyman and 
 editor, was born in London Mills, 111., but 
 lived for many years in Dayton. A minister 
 of the United Brethren Church, he edited 
 the Religious Telescope, and wrote Shaker- 
 ism . . . , Dayton, 1912. WWW 1 
 
497 
 
 Piatt, D. 
 
 PHILLIPS, BENJAMIN F. (1802-1882), was 
 born in Connecticut. In 1820 he came to 
 Ashtabula County with two of his brothers. 
 He worked as a saddler and harness maker, 
 and was also a dairyman. His book of local 
 history was "compiled from early records 
 and verbal accounts of old residents." 
 Condensed History of New Lyme, Ashta- 
 bula County . . . , Jefferson, 1877. 
 
 PHILLIPS, DAVID GRAHAM (Oct. 31, 
 1867-Jan. 24, 1911), born in Madison, 
 Ind., spent a little over two years in Cin- 
 cinnati. After graduating from Princeton 
 University in 1887, he secured a position 
 on the Times-Star by the classic method of 
 appearing at the office every day until the 
 editor sent him out on a story. He was 
 hired away from the Times-Star by the 
 Commercial Gazette. In 1890 he went to 
 New York and about a year later, under the 
 pen name John Graham, published his first 
 novel: The Great God Success . . . , New 
 York, 1901. He is best remembered for his 
 muckraking articles, "The Treason of the 
 Senate," published in Cosmopolitan in 1906, 
 and for his last novel: Susan Lenox, Her 
 Fall and Rise, New York, 1917. 
 
 PHILLIPS, HAROLD COOKE (Nov. 26, 
 1892- ), clergyman, was born in Ja- 
 maica, B.W.I. He came to the United 
 States in 1912, graduated from Denison 
 University in 1919, and was ordained to 
 the Baptist ministry in 1922, after graduat- 
 ing from Union Theological Seminary. He 
 was pastor of First Baptist Church, Cleve- 
 land, 1928-58. He has published sermons 
 and several books on religious themes, e.g., 
 Life That Is Life Indeed, New York, 1928. 
 WW 30 
 
 PHILLIPS, JOHN HERBERT (Dec. 12, 
 
 1853-July 21, 1921), educator, was born 
 in Covington, Ky., but was brought to Jack- 
 son at an early age. After graduating from 
 Marietta College in 1880, he became a 
 school teacher and was associated with vari- 
 ous schools in Alabama. He published 
 works on education and Old Tales and 
 Modern Ideals . . . , New York, [1905]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 PHILLIPS, PHILIP (Aug. 13, 1834-June 25, 
 1895), born in Cassadaga, N. Y., lived in 
 Marion, 1860-62, and in Cincinnati, 1862- 
 67. He wrote several books of sacred songs 
 which sold very widely. A singing evangel- 
 ist, he made a world tour in 1875, which he 
 recorded in Song Pilgrimage Around and 
 Throughout the World . . . , New York, 
 1880. He died in Delaware, where he had 
 spent his last years. 
 
 PHILLIPS, WILBUR HARE (May 24, 1876- 
 Sept. 12, 1939), journalist, born in Shenan- 
 doah, Iowa, was brought to Zanesville when 
 he was three months old. He attended 
 Zanesville public schools, worked on news- 
 papers in Zanesville, Columbus, and Uh- 
 richsville, and served in the Spanish-Ameri- 
 can War. He studied law, was admitted to 
 the bar in 1908, and practiced for two 
 years. In 1911 he became managing editor 
 of the Oberlin News, and from 1922 until 
 his death he owned the paper. He wrote a 
 useful account of Oberlin: Oberlin Colony, 
 the Story of a Century, Oberlin, 1933. 
 OBB 
 
 PHISTERER, FREDERICK (Oct. 11, 1836- 
 July 13, 1909), was born in Stuttgart, Ger- 
 many, but lived in Ohio briefly in 1860 and 
 again in the early 1870s, while he was en- 
 gaged in business in Columbus. He served 
 in the U. S. Army, 1855-60 and 1861-70. 
 He wrote New York in the War of the Re- 
 bellion . . . , Albany, 1890. 
 
 PIATT, DONN (June 29, 1819-Nov. 12, 
 1891), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. When he was eight years old, his 
 family moved to Mac-o-cheek in Logan 
 County. He attended district schools and 
 the public schools of Urbana and Bellefon- 
 taine and also spent a short time at the 
 Athenaeum (Xavier University). Under his 
 father's urging he studied law, but after 
 marrying Louise Kirby (see Louise K. 
 Piatt) in 1847 he settled on the family estate 
 at Mac-o-cheek. He served as judge of 
 common pleas court, Hamilton County, 
 1852-53, and as secretary of the American 
 legation, Paris, 1853-55. During the Civil 
 War he was a captain in the 13th O.V.I. 
 and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. 
 In 1868 he went to Washington as corre- 
 spondent for the Cincinnati Commercial, 
 and in 1871 he founded the magazine 
 Capital. In his nine years as an editor he 
 aroused the ire of most political leaders of 
 the day by his outspoken attacks on corrup- 
 tion. His violent disapproval of the elec- 
 toral commission's resolution of the Hayes- 
 Tilden election of 1876 led to his being in- 
 dicted, but the charges were later dropped. 
 He died at Mac-o-cheek, where he spent his 
 last years. The concluding chapters of his 
 biography of General Thomas were written 
 by Henry Van Ness Boynton (q.v. ). His 
 iconoclastic opinions in Memories of the 
 Men Who Saved the Union, particularly 
 his low regard for Grant and Sherman, 
 created a considerable stir. 
 Life in the Lobby. A Comedy in Five Acts, 
 Washington, D. C, 1875. 
 
Piatt, J. J. 
 
 498 
 
 An Infamous Record . . . , [n.p., 187-?]. 
 Memories of the Men Who Saved the 
 
 Union, New York, 1887. 
 The Lone Grave of the Shenandoah, and 
 
 Other Tales, Chicago, 1888. 
 General George H. Thomas, a Critical 
 
 Biography, Cincinnati, 1893. 
 Poems and Plays, Cincinnati, 1893. 
 The Reverend Melancthon Poundex; A 
 
 Novel, Chicago, 1893. 
 Sunday Meditations . . . , Cincinnati, 1893. 
 
 PIATT, JOHN JAMES (March 1, 1835- 
 Feb. 16, 1917), was born at James' Mills 
 (now Milton), Ind. Though one of the 
 minor voices in nineteenth century Ameri- 
 can literature, he spoke in his own authen- 
 tic tones and created a body of distinctive 
 verse. He has variously been heralded as 
 the poet of Ohio, the poet of the West, and 
 the poet of the Ohio Valley. While such 
 poems as "Western Pioneer," "Western 
 Windows," and "Fire before Seed" might 
 sustain the second title, it is the last of these 
 designations that Piatt himself preferred, 
 for Franklin County, Ohio, Shelby County, 
 111., Louisville, Ky., and North Bend, Ham- 
 ilton County — all places where he resided 
 — were within the limits of what may be 
 called the Ohio River Country. But to the 
 state of Ohio itself he was attached not 
 only by fifty years of residence, but also 
 through the writing of odes for Ohio events 
 such as the dedication of the Cincinnati 
 Music Hall in 1877 and the centennial of 
 the city of Cleveland. A number of his 
 early poems, moreover — "The King's Tav- 
 ern," "The Mower in Ohio," "The Lost 
 Farm," "Apple-Gathering," "Grandfather 
 Wright," and "Moore's Chimney" — all have 
 reference to the Ohio scene, and these in- 
 clude some of his best pieces. Born in In- 
 diana of Huguenot stock, Piatt, at the age 
 of six, was brought by his parents to a 
 farm near Franklinton, Franklin County. 
 During school terms he lived with an uncle 
 in Columbus, attending grammar classes at 
 Capital University and working in off-hours 
 as a printer's devil in the plant of the Ohio 
 State Journal, a publication owned by his 
 uncle. He spent over two years at Kenyon 
 College, but when his roving father took 
 up a new farm in Shelby County, 111., 
 John's services were badly needed and 
 he lived there for a time. But already 
 as a lad Piatt had become interested in 
 poetry, especially that of Longfellow, and 
 had delved into the more popular plays of 
 Shakespeare. In the long winter hours on 
 the Illinois farm, he penned a number of 
 poems, including "Taking the Night Train," 
 "Prairie Fires," and "The Forgotten Well." 
 
 Some of these efforts came to the notice of 
 George D. Prentice, editor of the Louisville 
 Journal. On the strength of their merits 
 Piatt was made the editor's secretary, and 
 his verses began to appear in the poet's 
 corner of the paper. In 1859 two events of 
 importance occurred: "The Morning Street" 
 was accepted by Lowell for the Atlantic 
 Monthly, and Piatt made a trip to Colum- 
 bus, renewed acquaintance with William 
 Dean Howells (q.v.), and with him pro- 
 jected a volume of verses, printed in 1860 
 as Poems of Two Friends. In all, 49 of the 
 pieces were Piatt's, and over half of these 
 subsequently reappeared in later collections. 
 In 1860 Lincoln's election led to a clerk- 
 ship in the Department of the Treasury for 
 Piatt, through the Secretary, Ohioan Salmon 
 P. Chase. On the strength of these brighter 
 financial prospects, Piatt married Sarah 
 Morgan Bryan (see Sarah M. B. Piatt), 
 a young lady from Kentucky who had con- 
 tributed to Prentice's Journal. They estab- 
 lished their first home in Georgetown, D. C, 
 where until 1867 Piatt retained his connec- 
 tion with the Treasury Department. Shortly 
 after their marriage, the two poets joined 
 talents in The Nests at Washington. This 
 volume included, among the more meritori- 
 ous poems, "The Blackberry Farm," "My 
 Nightmare," "The Bluebird's Burial," and 
 "The Dark Street." In wartime Washington 
 things were unsettled, but the Piatts enter- 
 tained W. D. Howells and other visitors, 
 and made friends with W. D. O'Connor, 
 E. C. Stedman, and Walt Whitman. Failing 
 in an effort to get transferred to the cus- 
 toms office in New York City in 1866, 
 Piatt resigned his government post in the 
 next year and established a home in North 
 Bend. Immediately he made journalistic 
 connections with the Cincinnati Chronicle. 
 He transferred to the Commercial in 1869, 
 and during the 1870s was a steady contribu- 
 tor to newspapers, even during his two 
 terms as Librarian of Congress. In the dec- 
 ade after 1865 Piatt brought out three books 
 of verse. Sunshine and Firelight (1866) re- 
 printed much of the first two volumes but 
 added a group of war poems, twelve in 
 number. Western Windows, published the 
 next year, with a New York imprint dated 
 1869, added a group of sonnets, "The Dear 
 President," and reprints from his contribu- 
 tions to Harper's. Landmarks (1872) con- 
 tained strictly new material, but all the 
 poems after the first six were extremely 
 brief. In the late 1870s Piatt was back in 
 Cincinnati, where a postoffice position oc- 
 cupied most of his waking hours. In 1882, 
 upon the inauguration of Chester A. Arthur 
 as President, Piatt was made U. S. consul 
 
499 
 
 Piatt, S. M. B. 
 
 at Cork, Ireland, a post he maintained until 
 1893. In the decade of the 1880s Piatt wrote 
 a book of essays, Pencilled Fly-Leaves; pub- 
 lished At the Holy Well (1887); and re- 
 arranged earlier poems under such titles 
 as A Book of Gold and Other Sonnets 
 (1889) and Idyls and Lyrics of the Ohio 
 Valley (1881, 1888). When the Democrats 
 returned to power in 1893, Piatt came 
 back to North Bend. Here, at 58, he con- 
 tinued his literary work as a regular con- 
 tributor to the Cincinnati Enquirer and 
 special reviewer for other journals. After 
 1892 Piatt added to his list only two vol- 
 umes of verse: Little New World Idyls 
 (1893) and Odes in Ohio (1897). As the 
 creative impulse dimmed somewhat, Piatt 
 kept his literary interests alert by editing 
 several collections of poetry and perform- 
 ing editorial duties for The Midland. Late 
 in his seventies, he suffered a carriage ac- 
 cident which invalided him to the end of 
 his life. He died in Cincinnati. His wife, 
 three sons, and a daughter survived him. 
 Piatt is not a poet who sets the soul on fire. 
 One does not go to him for general op- 
 timism, exuberance, or lines of high emo- 
 tional pitch. Some of his verses are mere 
 fanciful exercises. But there is a freshness 
 in his better pieces which arises from per- 
 sonal experience and from memory — the 
 kind of newness which only a Western poet 
 could supply and which led to overly en- 
 thusiastic appraisals of his writings. Never- 
 theless, many of his lines are healthy, vital, 
 and perceptive. In others there is an ele- 
 ment of sadness not altogether dispelled 
 by visions of spring or the upwelling of joy 
 that comes from love, romance, and domes- 
 ticity. Sometimes there is too much pathos 
 of a variety reminiscent of the graveyard 
 school. In the main, the sadness is personal 
 and convincing. The world which he cher- 
 ished, the rural world of the pioneer, was 
 being destroyed by so-called progress, by 
 the mushrooming of cities, by the fore- 
 closing of mortgages, by the cutting down 
 of trees, and by the crowding of the prairies. 
 His tragedies, therefore, are those of the 
 Civil War, the passing of old associations 
 and the breakup of ways of life dear to 
 him. Sometimes he is satisfied with merely 
 recording the change, and then his lines 
 seem placid. At other times there is a 
 nostalgic sadness as he regards these changes, 
 and this reaches the reader with force. His 
 poetry, though it frequently lacks the fire 
 of the participant, at least is marked by 
 immediacy and truth. In the best of it, he 
 tried not to substitute for reality the higher 
 similitudes of the imagination. At times, as 
 in "The Pioneer's Chimney," "The Mower 
 
 in Ohio," and "Antaeus," he selected sub- 
 jects worthy of his genius, and, while he 
 may not have achieved greatness in the 
 result, there is a full measure of worthi- 
 ness. He wrote with the pulse of a way of 
 life which had passed, and thus he avoided 
 the artistic inconsequence which marked 
 much of the unreal verse of his age. One 
 wishes that he had supplied a whole volume 
 on western phases. His reputation today 
 might be greater than it is. 
 
 G. Harrison Orians 
 Poems of Two Friends, (with William Dean 
 
 Howells), Columbus, 1860. 
 The Nests at Washington, and Other Poems, 
 (with Sarah M. B. Piatt), New York, 
 1864. 
 Poems in Sunshine and Firelight, Cincin- 
 nati, 1866. 
 Western Windows and Other Poems, New 
 
 York, 1869. 
 Landmarks and Other Poems, New York, 
 
 1872. 
 Poems of House and Home, Boston, 1879. 
 Pencilled Fly-Leaves: A Book of Essays 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1880. 
 Idyls and Lyrics of the Ohio Valley, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1881. 
 The Children Out-of-Doors . . . , (with Sarah 
 
 M. B. Piatt), Cincinnati, 1885. 
 At the Holy Well, with a Handful of New 
 
 Verses, Cincinnati, 1887. 
 A Book of Gold, and Other Sonnets, Lon- 
 don, 1889. 
 A Return to Paradise . . . , London, 1891. 
 Little New World Idyls, and Other Poems, 
 
 New York, 1893. 
 Odes in Ohio, and Other Poems, Cincin- 
 nati, 1897. 
 How the Bishop Built His College in the 
 Woods, Cincinnati, [1906]. 
 
 PIATT, LOUISE KIRBY (Nov. 25, 1826- 
 Oct., 1864), wife of Donn Piatt (q.v.), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. In 
 1853 her husband took her to France for 
 medical treatment. Her experiences in Paris, 
 while he served as secretary of the Ameri- 
 can legation, furnished material for her 
 book, an epistolary story. 
 Bell Smith Abroad, New York, 1855. 
 
 PIATT, SARAH MORGAN BRYAN (Aug. 
 11, 1836-Dec. 22, 1919), was born in Lex- 
 ington, Ky. She graduated from Henry 
 Female College, New Castle, Ky. Her poems 
 published in the Louisville Journal attracted 
 favorable attention. In 1861 she married 
 John James Piatt (q.v.). They lived in 
 Washington, D. C, until 1867, when they 
 settled in North Bend. They lived in Ire- 
 land from 1882 to 1893 while John J. Piatt 
 
Picard 
 
 500 
 
 was serving as American consul, but they 
 returned to North Bend after his retire- 
 ment. Mrs. Piatt wrote the greater part of 
 her poetry while living in Ireland, and her 
 poems aroused great admiration in England, 
 where some critics compared her with Mrs. 
 Browning. She spent her last years in Cald- 
 well, N. J., and her death occurred in that 
 community. 
 
 A Woman's Poems, Boston, 1871. 
 A Voyage to the Fortunate Isles, Boston, 
 
 1874. 
 Poems in Company with Children, Boston, 
 
 [1877]. 
 That New World, and Other Poems, Bos- 
 ton, 1877. 
 Dramatic Persons and Moods, with Other 
 
 New Poems, Boston, 1880. 
 An Irish Garland, Boston, 1885. 
 In Primrose Time . . . , Boston, 1886. 
 Mrs. Piatt's Select Poems . . . , Boston, 
 
 1886. 
 Child' s-World Ballads . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1887. 
 The Witch in the Glass, Boston, 1889. 
 An Irish Wild-Flower . . . , New York, 
 
 1891. 
 An Enchanted Castle, and Other Poems 
 
 . . . , New York, 1893. 
 Poems, 2 vols., London, 1894. 
 The Gift of Tears, Cincinnati, 1906. 
 
 PICARD, GEORGE HENRY (Aug. 3, 1850- 
 Oct. 7, 1916), physician, was born in Berea, 
 Cuyahoga County. After graduating from 
 Baldwin University in 1869, he studied 
 medicine in Cincinnati. After 1877 he prac- 
 ticed in New York City. 
 A Matter of Taste; A Novel, New York, 
 
 1884. 
 A Mission Flower; An American Novel, 
 
 New York, 1885. 
 Old Boniface; A Novel, New York, 1886. 
 Madame Noel, New York, 1900. 
 The Bishop's Niece, Boston, 1905. 
 
 PICKET, ALBERT (April 15, 1771-Aug. 3, 
 1850), educator, spent his last 24 years in 
 Cincinnati and did much to establish that 
 city as a publishing center and also to ad- 
 vance the cause of public education in Ohio. 
 From the publication of his first textbook, 
 a speller, in 1804, he produced many gram- 
 mars and readers that were widely used 
 throughout the country. His son, John W. 
 Picket, collaborated in the preparation of 
 many of them. In Cincinnati, Picket op- 
 erated a school for girls, served on the 
 board of education, and around 1829 or- 
 ganized the teachers of the area into the 
 Western Literary Institute and College of 
 Professional Teachers. Not so well known 
 
 as McGuffey, Ray, or Spencer, Picket was 
 an important pioneer in educational writing. 
 
 PICKET, JOSEPH W. (Jan. 28, 1832-Nov. 
 14, 1879), missionary, was born in And- 
 over, Ashtabula County. He graduated 
 from Allegheny College in 1855 and Yale 
 University in 1858. His was a long and 
 colorful career as a missionary in the West. 
 He entered the field at Cheyenne, Wyo., 
 in 1878. After serving in the mining camps 
 in the Black Hills of Dakota, he went to 
 Leadville, Colo. His journal covering this 
 experience is full of accurate descriptions, 
 most important to the historian of the West. 
 He died in the wreck of a stagecoach near 
 Leadville. 
 
 Memoirs of Joseph W. Picket . . . , Burling- 
 ton, Iowa, 1880. 
 
 PIERCE, EDWARD LILLIE (March 29, 
 1829-Sept. 5, 1897), born in Stoughton, 
 Mass., came to Cincinnati in 1852 and read 
 law for a time in the office of Salmon P. 
 Chase. He later served as Chase's secretary 
 in Washington. His most notable publica- 
 tion in later life was a four-volume life and 
 letters of Charles Sumner, Boston, 1877— 
 93. 
 
 PIERCE, ERNEST P. (c.l879-Feb. 23, 
 1959), was born in Lorain, Lorain County. 
 He was a manufacturer in Cleveland. He 
 died in Southgate, Calif., and is buried in 
 Elyria. With Clara McClean, he published 
 a collection of mystical poems: Infiniverse, 
 New York, [1940]. 
 
 PIERCE, SILAS CASS (Jan. 1, 1851-May 
 16, 1933), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Morgan County. A graduate of 
 National Normal University, Lebanon, he 
 was superintendent of schools in Straights- 
 ville and Shawnee. He was also a Disciples 
 of Christ minister and served numerous Ohio 
 pastorates. He died in North Eaton. Be- 
 sides the title below, he published a gram- 
 mar textbook. 
 
 Materialism against Itself . 
 1884. 
 
 . , Cincinnati, 
 
 PIERCE, SQUIER LITTELL (March 6, 
 1832- ?), lawyer, was born in Butler County. 
 He was admitted to the bar in 1852 and 
 moved to Wasioja, Minn., in 1856. He later 
 practiced in St. Paul and Dodge Center, 
 Minn. 
 
 Di, a Story, Philadelphia, 1891. 
 Stolen Steps, a Story, Philadelphia, 1892. 
 
 PIERCY, CAROLINE BEHLEN (Dec. 31, 
 1886-April 2, 1955), was born in Cleve- 
 
501 
 
 Pitblado 
 
 land, Cuyahoga County, and spent her life 
 in that city. She graduated from Lake Erie 
 College and did graduate work in England 
 and at Western Reserve University. Wife 
 of a Shaker Heights physician, Dr. Harry 
 Piercy, she published several books, includ- 
 ing an account of the Shaker community at 
 North Union and a story for children: Rosa- 
 mond; The Memoirs of a Rag Doll, [Cleve- 
 land, 1941]. 
 
 PIERO, ELDA MAE (May 9, 1883- ), 
 was born in Canton, Stark County, and 
 still lives in that community. After gradu- 
 ating from Canton High School, she at- 
 tended Wittenberg College for two years. 
 She was employed at Wittenberg for a time, 
 and for 21 years worked for the Canton 
 Welfare Federation. She has published poems 
 in numerous periodicals and anthologies, 
 three collections of poetry, and a pageant: 
 The Temple of Praise . . . , Philadelphia, 
 [1922]. BDCP 
 
 PIERSON, HAMILTON WILCOX (Sept. 22, 
 1817-Sept. 7, 1888), clergyman, born in 
 Bergen, N. Y., was a Presbyterian minister 
 and state librarian of Ohio, 1885-86. He 
 published a biography of Jefferson and an 
 interesting account of his own activities 
 during the 1850s as agent of the American 
 Bible Society: In the Brush; Or, Old-Time 
 Social, Political, and Religious Life in the 
 Southwest, New York, 1881. 
 
 PIKE, JAMES (July 13, 1834-186-?), soldier 
 and scout, was born in Leesburg, Highland 
 County. His father, Samuel Pike, edited 
 various newspapers in the Middle West; he 
 was an ardent Democrat, and his convic- 
 tions nearly resulted in violence during the 
 Civil War while he was editing a Hillsboro 
 newspaper. James learned the printing 
 trade and in 1858 went to Missouri as an 
 itinerant printer. In search of adventure 
 he decided to go to Kansas, but was per- 
 suaded instead to accompany a Colonel 
 Johnson in driving horses to Texas. The 
 horses, which he discovered later had been 
 stolen, were safely driven to Texas, and 
 Pike joined the Texas Rangers in 1859. 
 When the Civil War began, he returned 
 to Ohio and enlisted in the 4th Ohio Volun- 
 teer Cavalry. He served as a scout and 
 spy in the Secret Service during the war 
 and was afterward commissioned and sta- 
 tioned in the West. According to legend, 
 he shot himself during an Indian raid when 
 he beat his jammed rifle against a rock and 
 exploded the cartridge. His stirring account 
 of his adventures was published by J. R. 
 Hawley of Cincinnati, but most of the edi- 
 
 tion was destroyed in a fire. The Texas 
 portion of his narrative was edited by Carl 
 L. Cannon and reprinted in 1932 by Prince- 
 ton University Press. 
 
 The Scout and Ranger: Being the Personal 
 Adventures of Corporal Pike, of the 
 Fourth Ohio Cavalry . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1865. 
 
 PILCHER, ELIJAH HOMES (June 2, 1810- 
 April 7, 1887), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Athens, Athens County. After 
 attending Ohio University, he was ordained 
 to the Methodist ministry and served 
 churches in the United States and Canada. 
 He was one of the founders of Albion Col- 
 lege, Mich., where he served on the faculty, 
 and was also a founder of the agricultural 
 college at Lansing, Mich. He died in Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y. 
 
 History of Protestantism in Michigan, De- 
 troit, 1878. 
 
 PINKERTON, LEWIS LETIG (Jan. 28, 
 1812-Jan. 28, 1875), clergyman, was born 
 in Maryland but grew up in Pennsylvania 
 and Virginia. He came to Ohio in 1831 
 and studied medicine in Trenton, Butler 
 County. He practiced in Carthage, 1835— 
 39. Having been converted to the Dis- 
 ciples of Christ Church in 1830, he was 
 called to the ministry, gave up medicine, 
 and moved to Kentucky, where he became 
 a leader in his church. His writings were 
 collected in Life, Letters and Addresses of 
 Dr. L. L. Pinkerton, (John Schackleford, 
 Jr., ed.), Cincinnati, 1876. 
 
 PINNEY, NELSON AUGUSTUS (Feb. 4, 
 1844-Nov. 19, 1920) was born in Wind- 
 ham, Portage County. He served in the 
 104th O.V.I., Aug., 1862-June, 1865. After 
 the war he operated a farm near Windham 
 and worked on bridge construction in north- 
 eastern Ohio. He died at Edinburg.. 
 History of the 104th Regimental Ohio 
 Volunteer Infantry . . . , Akron, 1886. 
 
 PIPP, WASHINGTON JEFFERSON VAN 
 
 BUREN. Pseud. See Collin Ford. 
 
 PITBLADO, EDWY GUTHRIE (Dec. 29, 
 1871-Aug. 8, 1939), clergyman, was born 
 in Dunfermline, Scotland. After graduating 
 from Columbia University in 1896 and 
 from Berkeley Divinity School in 1899, he 
 was ordained to the priesthood of the 
 Episcopal Church in 1900. He served as 
 rector of churches in Salem and Toledo, 
 1902-08, and afterward served churches 
 in various other states. With his brother, 
 Charles Bruce Pitblado, he wrote Nareen, 
 Toledo, [1908]. 
 
Pitman 
 
 502 
 
 PITMAN, BENN (July 22, 1822-Dec. 28, 
 1910), educator, was born in Trowbridge, 
 Wiltshire, England. He is said to have stud- 
 ied under the direction of the poet, George 
 Crabbe. His brother, Isaac, had invented 
 a system of phonography; Benn assisted him 
 and, versatile genius that he was, engraved 
 most of the plates that appeared in their 
 textbooks. From 1843 until 1852 he lec- 
 tured throughout Great Britain on the 
 phonetic system of shorthand. He arrived 
 in America in 1853. After stopping briefly 
 in New York City and Washington, D. C, 
 he made his way to Cincinnati, where he 
 was assured of a warm welcome. At this 
 time Cincinnati was the center of alphabetic 
 reform; the American Phonetic Society had 
 been organized there in 1848, and for sev- 
 eral years it had served as American agent 
 for Isaac Pitman's publications. Here Benn 
 immediately founded the Phonographic In- 
 stitute. He had planted his seed in fertile 
 ground, for his first pupil was none other 
 than the influential Alphonso Taft, then 
 over forty years old. His first textbook, 
 The Reporter's Companion, appeared in 
 1854, to be followed quickly by several 
 others; all enjoyed large sales as a result 
 of the growing popularity of the Pitman 
 system. Perhaps his greatest distinction was 
 in being selected as the official reporter of 
 the state trials during and following the 
 Civil War, including the trial of the as- 
 sassins of Abraham Lincoln. The printed 
 reports of those trials, which he edited 
 and compiled, stand as enduring monu- 
 ments to his professional ability. An es- 
 pecially profitable turn was his invention 
 of a process for electroplating engravings 
 in 1856. Benn Pitman had prospered, and 
 he could well afford to devote most of his 
 time to his avocations, which included wood 
 carving, pottery making, china painting, and 
 the making of stained glass windows. In 
 1873 he became associated with the Cin- 
 cinnati Art Academy, where he taught 
 artistic wood carving and lectured on art 
 until 1892. Many public buildings and 
 private homes in Cincinnati are decorated 
 with superb examples of the work of his 
 pupils. It was Pitman who started the pot- 
 tery fad in 1875, which led directly to the 
 famous Rookwood Pottery. He died in 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 
 The Reporter's Companion, Cincinnati, 
 1854. 
 
 Manual of Phonography, Cincinnati, [1855]. 
 
 History of Shorthand, Cincinnati, 1856. 
 
 The Teacher, a Treatise on the Best Method 
 of Imparting a Knowledge of Phonog- 
 raphy, Cincinnati, [1856?]. 
 
 A Plea for American Decorative Art, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1895. 
 
 Sir Isaac Pitman; His Life and Labors 
 . . . , [Cincinnati, 1902]. 
 
 A Plea for Alphabetic Reform, [Cincinnati, 
 1905]. 
 
 Solution of the Alphabetic Problem, [n.p., 
 n.d.]. 
 
 PITTENGER, WILLIAM (Jan. 31, 1840- 
 April 24, 1904), clergyman, was born on a 
 farm near New Somerset, Jefferson County. 
 He attended local schools and qualified for 
 a teaching certificate at the age of sixteen. 
 He taught near Ravenna, and in other locali- 
 ties. While he was teaching, he gained 
 some experience in writing through his as- 
 sociation with Alexander Clark (q.v.), who 
 was publishing the School Visitor. Follow- 
 ing his enlistment in the 2nd O.V.I. , April 
 17, 1861, his letters from the front began 
 to appear in the Steubenville Herald and 
 were widely read. A participant in the dar- 
 ing Andrews Railroad Raid — a thrilling 
 episode which electrified the nation — Pitten- 
 ger was captured but was soon exchanged. 
 After his return to the North, he was 
 sent to a sanitarium in Pennsylvania to 
 regain his health. It was at this time that 
 he wrote his simple, dramatic narrative, 
 Daring and Suffering. His old friend, Clark, 
 found a publisher for the book in Phila- 
 delphia. It appeared late in 1863 and en- 
 joyed large sales. As new material became 
 available, the book was rewritten; the final 
 edition appeared in 1893, after all official 
 documents had become available. Despite 
 recriminations of other raiders after the 
 war, Pittenger remained the best known 
 participant in the Andrews Raid. He entered 
 the Pittsburgh Conference of the Methodist 
 Church in 1864 and remained in the active 
 pastorate of that denomination until his 
 death. He went to California in 1902, and 
 died in that state at Fallbrook. 
 Daring and Suffering: A History of the 
 Great Railroad Adventure, Philadelphia, 
 1863. 
 Oratory, Sacred and Secular . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1868. 
 How to Conduct a Public Meeting . . . , 
 
 New York, 1878. 
 The Extempore Speaker, Philadelphia, 1882. 
 How to Become a Public Speaker, Philadel- 
 phia, 1887. 
 The Debaters Treasury, Philadelphia, 1891. 
 
 PIXLEY, FRANK (Nov. 21, 1867-Dec. 30, 
 1919), dramatist, was born in Richfield, 
 Summit County. After attending Buchtel 
 College, he graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1886 and then taught at 
 
503 
 
 Plumb 
 
 Buchtel College, 1887-90. He edited the 
 Akron Times for a brief period and wrote 
 for the Chicago Times-Herald, 1899-1902. 
 He wrote a great many plays and musical 
 comedies, e.g., Apollo . . . , San Francisco, 
 1915. His most famous line was probably 
 "Vas You Effer in Zinzinnati?" which ap- 
 peared in Prince of Pilsen, produced in 
 1903. WWW 1 
 
 PLAGEMANN, WILLIAM WALTER JO- 
 SEPH (Bentz Plagemann) (July 27, 1913- 
 ), was born in Springfield, Clark County, 
 and was educated in the public schools of 
 Cleveland. While serving in the navy dur- 
 ing World War II, he was stricken with 
 infantile paralysis; he underwent treatment 
 in various navy hospitals and at Warm 
 Springs, Ga. His reputation has risen 
 steadily since the publication of his first 
 novel: William Walter, New York, [1941]. 
 
 PLATT, CYRUS (Sept. 20, 1818-Jan. 18, 
 1899), jeweler, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. After learning watchmak- 
 ing in New Jersey and Philadelphia, he 
 worked for short periods in Columbus and 
 Worthington before moving to Delaware, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 His wife, whose life and letters he pub- 
 lished, was a native of Burlington, N. J.; 
 she died Aug. 21, 1877. 
 St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, 
 
 Delaware, [n.p., 1880?]. 
 Life and Letters of Mrs. Jeanette H. Piatt, 
 
 Philadelphia, 1882. 
 
 PLATT, GEORGE WASHINGTON (March 
 7, 1875-Dec. 20, 1951), lawyer, was born 
 in Denver, Colo., but was brought to Cin- 
 cinnati while still a child and spent his 
 life in that city. After graduating from the 
 Y.M.C.A. Night Law School, he was admit- 
 ted to the Ohio bar and began practice in 
 1898. He was active in several movements 
 for governmental economy and was presi- 
 dent of a taxpayers' organization at the time 
 of his death. He wrote A History of the 
 Republican Party, Cincinnati, 1904. 
 
 PLATT, RUTHERFORD HAYES (Aug. 11, 
 1894- ), was born in Columbus, Frank- 
 lin County, and attended the schools of that 
 city. An advertising executive in New York 
 City, he has written books on how to 
 choose a vocation, e.g., You Can't Fail .... 
 New York, 1929, and is also known for 
 his writings and photography of plant-life, 
 e.g., This Green World, New York, 1942. 
 
 PLIMPTON, FLORUS BEARDSLEY (Sept. 
 4, 1830-April 23, 1886), journalist, was 
 
 born in Palmyra, Portage County. After 
 studying for three years at Allegheny Col- 
 lege, he began working in the office of the 
 Western Reserve Transcript in Warren in 
 the spring of 1851. In 1852 he edited a 
 Whig campaign newspaper at Niles, Mich. 
 He worked on the Portage Whig, Ravenna, 
 the Elmira Daily Republic, and the Pitts- 
 burgh Daily Dispatch, 1854-60. In 1860 
 he moved to Cincinnati to work on the 
 Daily Commercial, and he spent the re- 
 mainder of his life in that city. Concerning 
 his poetry, his colleague Murat Halstead 
 (q.v.) wrote: "Boy and man, through the 
 changes of forty years, he found poetry the 
 finer, higher, truer expression of himself. 
 . . . He touched the harp because it com- 
 forted him. There were things to say that 
 could not otherwise be said; there were 
 tones, rays of light, to trace through melo- 
 dies unheard by, and illuminations invisible 
 to, others-pathways into the infinite space 
 that seemed to promise the divine achieve- 
 ment of the humanly unattainable." Al- 
 though he is best known for his poetry, his 
 first book has long since come to be rec- 
 ognized as a rarity in the field of Americana. 
 He died in Cincinnati. 
 The Lost Child; Or, the Child Claimed 
 by Two Mothers: A Narrative of the 
 Loss and Discovery of Casper A. Part- 
 ridge among the Menomonee Indians 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1852. 
 Poems . . . , Cincinnati, 1886. 
 
 PLUM, WILLIAM RATTLE (March 24, 
 1845-April 28, 1927), was born in Mas- 
 sillon, Stark County. After graduating from 
 high school in Cuyahoga Falls, he worked 
 in telegraph offices in Atwater and Cleve- 
 land. He served in the Military Telegraph 
 Corps during the Civil War, and during 
 the last year of the war he was chief cipher 
 operator on the staff of General George H. 
 Thomas. After the war he studied law at 
 Yale University, and in 1867 he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in Chicago, 111., where he 
 practiced until his retirement in 1900. 
 The Military Telegraph during the Civil 
 
 War . . . , 2 vols., Chicago, 1882. 
 The Sword and the Soul . . . , New York, 
 1917. 
 
 PLUMB, CHARLES SUMNER (April 21, 
 1860-March 4, 1939), educator, born in 
 Westfield, Mass., taught for many years in 
 the School of Agriculture, Ohio State Uni- 
 versity. Besides the books below, he wrote 
 many articles, bulletins, and textbooks. 
 Indian Corn Culture, Chicago, 1895. 
 Little Sketches of Famous Beef Cattle, Co- 
 lumbus, 1904. 
 
Pocock 
 
 504 
 
 POCOCK, ARTHUR FRANKLIN (Feb. 18, 
 1919- ), geologist, was born in Akron, 
 Summit County. He graduated from the 
 College of Wooster in 1941. His address in 
 1959 was Guatemala City, Guatemala. He 
 has written an amusing account of his 
 wartime service in Greenland while a mem- 
 ber of the U. S. Coast Guard: Red Flannels 
 and Green Ice, New York, [1949]. 
 
 PODA, JOHN (July 19, 1907- ), was born 
 in Akron, Summit County. He worked in 
 an Akron publishing plant and was active 
 in union activities. He has served in the 
 Ohio legislature, on the Akron council, 
 and on the Summit County board of com- 
 missioners. He has published at least two 
 collections of poetry, including a pamphlet 
 of poems of social protest: 72 Poems, 
 Akron, 1939. 
 
 POESE, WILLIAM (May 23, 1908- ), was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He 
 graduated from Kenyon College in 1930, 
 did graduate work at Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, and began teaching in the Cleve- 
 land public schools in 1933. An avocational 
 interest in jewels and gem cutting led him 
 to write Gem Stone Lore, Colorado Springs, 
 1948. 
 
 POFFENBARGER, LIVIA NYE SIMPSON 
 
 (March 1, 1862-Oct. 27, 1937), was born 
 in Pomeroy, Meigs County, but spent much 
 of her life in Point Pleasant, W. Va., where 
 she owned and managed the State Gazette. 
 She wrote a number of books and pam- 
 phlets on West Virginia history, e.g., The 
 Battle of Point Pleasant . . . , Point Pleasant, 
 W. Va., 1909. WWW 1 
 
 POINCE, ADAH DODD (April 8, 1867- 
 June 21, 1955), was born in Berkeley 
 County, W. Va. After her marriage to 
 William Poince in 1892, she lived in Day- 
 ton. She lectured on history and politics 
 and was active in the Presbyterian Church. 
 She traveled widely and was a Chautauqua 
 lecturer. 
 Venus McFarland, [n.p., 1900]. 
 
 POLHAMUS, WILLIAM HENRY HARRI- 
 SON (Aug. 5, 1842-May 22, 1919). lawyer, 
 was born in New York State. He served 
 in the Civil War, and was captured and 
 imprisoned in Libby Prison. In 1887 he 
 began the practice of law in Cleveland; he 
 was also active in the G.A.R. He died in 
 Lakewood. He published Cedar Creek: A 
 Poem, Cleveland, 1901. 
 
 POLING, DANIEL ALFRED (Nov. 30, 
 1884- ), clergyman, born in Portland, 
 
 Oreg., began his preaching career in Canton, 
 1904-07. He also did graduate work at 
 Ohio State University, 1907-09, and was 
 candidate for governor of Ohio on the 
 Prohibition ticket in 1912. A prolific writer 
 of books and articles, he has also published 
 several novels, e.g., The Heretic, New York, 
 1928. WW 30 
 
 POLLARD, EDWIN A OBENAUER (Nov. 
 27, 1902- ), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. She graduated from Ypsi- 
 lanti Teachers College, Mich., and from 
 the University of Wisconsin. She now lives 
 in Oxford, where her husband, Harry S. 
 Obenauer, is professor of mathematics at 
 Miami University. She writes a column for 
 the Oxford Press and has written stories 
 and poems for children and a book of 
 verse: The Winged Echo, Prairie City, 111., 
 [1949]. 
 
 POLLARD, JAMES EDWARD (Oct. 25, 
 1894- ), journalist and educator, was 
 born in Chambersburg, Pa. He was educated 
 at Ohio State University (A.B., 1917; Ph.D., 
 1939), was on the staff of the Ohio State 
 Journal, 1920-29, and has been on the 
 journalism faculty, Ohio State University, 
 since 1932. He has written numerous articles, 
 journalism textbooks, a history of the uni- 
 versity, and books on American journalism, 
 e.g., The Presidents and the Press, New 
 York, 1947. WW 30 
 
 POLLARD, JOHN ALBERT (Dec. 24, 1901- 
 ), educator, brother of James E. Pollard 
 (q.v.), was born in Chambersburg, Pa. 
 His parents moved to Toledo in 1905, 
 and he grew up in that city. He graduated 
 from Ohio State University in 1924 and 
 from Yale University (Ph.D.) in 1937. He 
 has taught at several schools, including 
 Antioch College and the University of 
 Toledo, and is now vice president of the 
 Council for Financial Aid to Education. 
 He has written a biography: John Greenleaf 
 Whitticr, Friend of Man, Boston, 1949. 
 DAS 3 
 
 POLLOCK, ARLO D. (Sept. 18, 1908- ), 
 was born in Jennings Township, Van Wert 
 County, and now lives in Delphos. He be- 
 gan operating a turkey ranch in the 1930s 
 and is now president of Middle Point Bank- 
 ing Co. He has published articles in poultry 
 magazines and one book: After the Storm, 
 Delphos, 1937. 
 
 POLSKY, THOMAS (May 5, 1908- ), was 
 born in Akron, Summit County. He gradu- 
 ated from Harvard University in 1929 and 
 worked on Akron newspapers in the 1930s. 
 
505 
 
 Porter, W. S. 
 
 His last address in Ohioana files is Ashe- 
 ville, N. C. He has written several mysteries, 
 e.g., Curtains for the Editor, New York, 
 [1939]. 
 
 POND, FREDERICK EUGENE (April 8, 
 1856-Nov. 1, 1925), born in Packwaukee, 
 Wis., edited the Sportsmen's Review in Cin- 
 cinnati, 1897-1917. Under the pen name 
 Will Wildwood, he edited books on field 
 sports by various writers, compiled gun 
 trial and field trial records, and wrote sev- 
 eral books, e.g., Hand-book for Young 
 Sportsmen . . . , Milwaukee, 1876. 
 
 POND, MARIAM BUCKNER (Aug. 7, 1891- 
 ), was born in Leroy, Medina County. 
 Her father, a minister, left Ohio when she 
 was a girl, but in 1929 she settled in 
 Hudson. After the death of her husband, 
 Colonel Daniel H. Pond, she married an 
 Australian rancher, Murdoch E. MacKen- 
 zie, and moved to Australia in 1956. She 
 has written a novel about three sisters with 
 psychic powers: Time Is Kind; The Story 
 of the Unfortunate Fox Family, New York, 
 1947. 
 
 POOLE, WILLIAM FREDERICK (Dec. 24, 
 
 1821-March 1, 1894), librarian, born in 
 Salem, Mass., served as librarian in the 
 Cincinnati Public Library, 1871-73, after 
 which he moved to Chicago, where he 
 headed the public library and organized the 
 Newberry Library. In 1848 he published the 
 first version of an indispensable reference 
 book, Poole's Index to Periodical Litera- 
 ture. He also published several significant 
 monographs and articles on historical sub- 
 jects. 
 
 POOLEY, J. H. (Nov. 17, 1839-Dec. 11, 
 1897), physician, born in Cambridgeshire, 
 England, was brought to the United States 
 when he was a child. He grew up in Dobbs 
 Ferry, N. Y., and in 1860 graduated from 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
 N. Y. He was a surgeon in the Civil War 
 for two years, practiced at Yonkers, N. Y., 
 1863-75, was on the faculty of Starling 
 Medical College, 1875-83, and in 1883 
 helped found Toledo Medical College, where 
 he taught until his death. He wrote many 
 articles and at least one book on medicine 
 and surgery. His death occurred in Toledo. 
 Memoir of Samuel D. Turney, M.D. . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1878. 
 
 PORTER, JAMES A. (1836-Jan. 13, 1897), 
 was born in Bellefontaine, Logan County. 
 After serving as a bugler and bandmaster 
 
 in the Civil War, he taught music in Galion, 
 Urbana, and Greenville. After retiring be- 
 cause of illness, he wrote the novel listed 
 below. 
 
 A Prince of Anahuac. A Histori-T raditional 
 Story . . . , Cincinnati, [1894]. 
 
 PORTER, JERMAIN GILDERSLEEVE 
 
 (Jan. 8, 1852-April 14, 1933), astronomer, 
 born in Buffalo, N. Y., and educated at 
 Hamilton College, came to Cincinnati in 
 1884 as director of the Observatory. He 
 retired as active director in 1930. Though 
 most of his publications are catalogues of 
 stars and technical articles, he published 
 one book for the general reader: The Stars 
 in Song and Legend, Boston, 1901. DAB 15 
 
 PORTER, WILL (Jan. 22, 1833-1913), 
 journalist and lawyer, was born in Hang- 
 ing Rock, Lawrence County. He learned 
 the printing trade at Ripley, worked for a 
 while on the Cincinnati Daily Times, and 
 studied law in his spare time. He was ad- 
 mitted to the Indiana bar in 1854. The 
 following year he went to Iowa and entered 
 the office of the Iowa Statesman at Fort 
 Des Moines. He bought the Statesman in 
 1857 and changed its name to the Iowa 
 State Journal. He sold out in 1860 and be- 
 gan practicing law. He was chief Iowa 
 correspondent for the Chicago Times for 
 over twenty years and also wrote special 
 correspondence for New York newspapers. 
 Annals of Polk County, Iowa, and City 
 of Des Moines, Des Moines, Iowa, 1898. 
 
 PORTER, WILLIAM SYDNEY (O. Henry) 
 (Sept. 11, 1862-June 5, 1910), born in 
 Greensboro, N. C, and later a resident of 
 Texas and New York, can be classified only 
 as an involuntary Ohioan. After working as 
 a bank teller in Austin, Texas, 1891-94, he 
 was summoned two years later to testify con- 
 cerning a shortage of funds. If he had ap- 
 peared, he would probably have been exon- 
 erated, but instead he fled to the Honduras. 
 On returning because of the illness of his 
 wife, he was arrested, tried, and sentenced 
 to five years in prison. He was imprisoned 
 in the Ohio Penitentiary, Columbus, from 
 April 25, 1898, to July 24, 1901. He is 
 included in this volume because he wrote 
 at least twelve short stories during this 
 period, because he was encouraged to write 
 fiction by Dr. John M. Thomas of Co- 
 lumbus, and because he probably borrowed 
 his famous pen name from the captain of 
 the guards, Orrin Henry. It has also been 
 suggested facetiously that his pen name was 
 an acronym: OHio pENitentiaRY. 
 
Porter, W. T. 
 
 506 
 
 PORTER, WILLIAM TOWNSEND (Sept. 
 24, 1862-Feb. 16, 1949), physiologist, was 
 born in Plymouth, Richland County. After 
 graduating from St. Louis Medical Col- 
 lege in 1885, he studied in Germany. He 
 was on the Harvard medical faculty, 1893— 
 1928. In addition to a textbook in physiology 
 and a number of technical monographs, 
 he wrote Shock at the Front, Boston, [1918]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 PORTERFIELD, BETTILU. See Bettilu P. 
 Lewis. 
 
 POSEGATE, MABEL (1885-April 28, 1950) 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, 
 where she attended high school, business 
 college, and the University of Cincinnati. 
 In 1905 she married Charles S. Posegate. 
 She was appointed poet laureate of Ohio 
 in 1936 by the Poet Laureate League of 
 Washington, D. C, and was active in state 
 and national poetry societies. She died in 
 Cincinnati. She published several collections 
 of verse, e.g., Once When Arcturus Shone, 
 Brattleboro, Vt., 1935. WWW 3 
 
 POST, CHARLES ASA (Oct. 28, 1848-May 
 2, 1943), banker, was born in East Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He entered the 
 banking business in 1869 and afterward 
 served as an official of several Cleveland 
 banks. In his later years he became inter- 
 ested in local history and published a book 
 about Doans Corners and another about 
 sleighing on Euclid Avenue: Those Were 
 the Days, When Hearts Were Kind and 
 Sports Were Simple, Cleveland, 1935. 
 
 POST, LOUIS FREELAND (Nov. 15, 1849- 
 Jan. 10, 1928), reformer, born in Vienna, 
 N. J., edited the Cleveland Recorder, 1896- 
 97. He published a number of books, most 
 of them on Henry George, whose single- 
 tax theories he advocated, e.g., The Single 
 Tax . . . , Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1899. 
 
 POTEAT, EDWIN McNEILL (Nov. 20, 
 1892-Dec. 17, 1955), clergyman, born in 
 New Haven, Conn., was pastor of Euclid 
 Avenue Baptist Church, Cleveland, 1937— 
 43. He died in Raleigh, N. C. He wrote a 
 number of books, both prose and poetry, 
 e.g., Jesus and the Liberal Mind, Philadel- 
 phia, [1934], and Centurion, a Narrative 
 Poem, New York, 1939. WWW 3 
 
 POTTENGER, FRANCIS MARION (Sept. 
 27, 1869- ), physician, was born in 
 Ohio. He graduated from Otterbein College 
 in 1892 and from Cincinnati College of 
 Medicine and Surgery in 1894. He practiced 
 
 at Norwood, 1894-95, and afterward at 
 Monrovia and Los Angeles, Calif., spe- 
 cializing in diseases of the lungs and throat. 
 He now lives in Pasadena, Calif. He has 
 published a number of technical medical 
 works, an autobiography (1952), and a 
 book for the general reader: Tuberculosis 
 and How to Combat It; A Book for the 
 Patient, St. Louis, 1921. WW 29 
 
 POTTS, FRANK E. (Oct. 3, 1904- ) was 
 born in Dayton, Montgomery County. He 
 attended the University of Dayton, worked 
 for the Frigidaire Division of General Mo- 
 tors, and since 1955 has been employed by 
 a Dayton advertising agency. His writings 
 include a book for the juvenile reader: The 
 Contented Canary . . . , [Cincinnati], 1928. 
 
 POTTS, PIPSISSIWAY. Pseud. See Rosella 
 Rice. 
 
 POTWIN, LEMUEL STOUGHTON (Feb. 4, 
 1832-Jan. 9, 1907), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in East Windsor, Conn. 
 After graduating from Yale University in 
 1854, he studied at the Theological Institute 
 of Connecticut and was ordained as a 
 Congregational minister. He taught school, 
 served a church in Bridgewater, Conn., and 
 spent six years in the publication depart- 
 ment of The American Tract Society, Bos- 
 ton. He served on the Western Reserve 
 faculty, 1871-1906. He wrote religious text- 
 books and many articles. 
 Here and There in the Greek New Testa- 
 ment, New York, 1898. 
 Selections from the Editorial Essays . . . , 
 (Julia H. Potwin, ed.), Cleveland, 1907. 
 
 POUNDS. JESSIE HUNTER BROWN (Aug. 
 31, 1861-March 3, 1921), was born in 
 Hiram, Portage County, and spent her girl- 
 hood in Cleveland. She was educated at 
 Hiram College. She married John E. 
 Pounds, who served as college pastor at 
 Hiram. Some of her stories and pageants 
 were published separately in pamphlet form, 
 and some of her works appeared under her 
 maiden name, Jessie Hunter Brown. She 
 wrote more than 800 hymns, including "Beau- 
 tiful Isle of Somewhere," which became 
 popular after it was played at President 
 McKinley's funeral. 
 
 Norman Macdonald, Cincinnati, 1887. 
 A Woman's Doing, Cincinnati, 1887. 
 Roderick Wayne, Cincinnati, 1889. 
 The Ironclad Pledge, a Story of Christian 
 
 Endeavor, Cincinnati, 1890. 
 A Popular Idol . . . , Cincinnati, 1901. 
 The Young Man from Middlefield, St. 
 Louis, 1901. 
 
507 
 
 Powers 
 
 Rachel Sylvestre, a Story of the Pioneers, 
 
 Cincinnati, [1904]. 
 Pioneer Missionaries . . . , Indianapolis, 
 
 [1907]. 
 
 POWELL, DAWN (Nov. 28, 1897- ), was 
 born in Mount Gilead, Morrow County. 
 Her mother died when she was a small 
 child, and Dawn lived with her aunts in 
 various Ohio towns. After her father's re- 
 marriage in 1909, she went to the home 
 of an aunt in Shelby, where she attended 
 school and worked on the Daily Globe. She 
 graduated from Lake Erie College in 1918, 
 served as a yeoman in the navy, and in 
 1920 married Joseph R. Gousha, an ad- 
 vertising man. A prolific writer, she has 
 published many novels. She has used Ohio 
 as the setting for The Bride's House, New 
 York, 1929, and Dance Night, New York, 
 1930. Her most successful novel is, perhaps, 
 The Locusts Have No King, New York, 
 1948. WW AW 1 
 
 POWELL, ELMER ELLSWORTH (Aug. 16, 
 1861— July 7, 1947), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Clayton, 111. He gradu- 
 ated from the University of Michigan in 
 1885 and from the School of Theology, 
 Boston University, in 1890. He taught at 
 a Methodist school in Italy, 1890-96, and 
 at Franklin and Marshall College, 1900- 
 05. He was professor of philosophy at 
 Miami University, 1905-22, and after his 
 retirement he continued to live in Oxford. 
 He wrote Spinoza and Religion . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1906. 
 
 POWELL, JOHN WESLEY (March 24, 
 1834-Sept. 23, 1902), geologist, born in 
 Mount Morris, N. Y., the son of an itinerant 
 Methodist minister, spent a part of his boy- 
 hood in Jackson and later attended Oberlin 
 College for a time. He published a number 
 of papers, reports, and books on Indian 
 languages and the physiography of the 
 West. 
 
 POWELL, THOMAS EDWARD (Feb. 20, 
 1842-April 22, 1925), lawyer, was born in 
 Delaware, Delaware County. He served in 
 the Civil War from May, 1862, until his 
 discharge as a sergeant in Aug., 1864. He 
 then attended Ohio Wesleyan University, 
 and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1867. 
 He practiced in Delaware and Columbus. 
 He wrote The Democratic Party of the 
 State of Ohio . . . , 2 vols., [Columbus], 
 1913. WW 11 
 
 POWELL, THOMAS WATKINS (Sept. 7, 
 1797-Dec. 12, 1882), lawyer, was born in 
 
 Glamorganshire, Wales. His father came to 
 America in 1800, settling in Utica, N. Y. 
 Thomas studied at an academy in Utica for 
 two terms and began to read law; in 1819 
 he came to Canton, where he completed his 
 law studies. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1820, practiced for ten years in Perrysburg, 
 moved to Delaware in 1830, and practiced 
 there for the rest of his life. In the 1830s 
 he established in Delaware a resort hotel, 
 the Mansion House, which became the first 
 building of Ohio Wesleyan University. In 
 addition to the title below, he published 
 two legal works. 
 
 The History of the Ancient Britons and 
 Their Descendants, Delaware, 1882. 
 
 POWELL, WARREN THOMSON (Nov. 28, 
 1884-Dec. 28, 1946), clergyman, was born 
 in Delaware, Delaware County. After grad- 
 uating from Ohio State University in 1907, 
 he taught English for four years, and then 
 attended Garrett Biblical Institute. Ordained 
 to the Methodist ministry in 1917, he was 
 active in young people's work in the Meth- 
 odist Church and after 1929 was a student 
 counselor at Boston University. His writ- 
 ings include Recreational Leadership for 
 Church and Community, New York, [1923]. 
 WWW 3 
 
 POWER, EFFIE LOUISE (Feb. 12, 1873- 
 ), librarian, born in Conneautville, 
 Pa., attended high school in Cleveland, and 
 was on the staff of the Cleveland Public 
 Library, 1895-1903 and 1920-37. She also 
 taught at City Normal School, Cleveland, 
 1903-08. She was librarian at the Pompano, 
 Fla., Public Library, 1942-51, and has 
 lived in Pompano since her retirement. She 
 edited a number of book lists and story col- 
 lections, and wrote several stories for chil- 
 dren, e.g., Osceola Buddy, a Florida Farm 
 Mule, New York, 1941. WW 27 
 
 POWERS, STEPHEN (July 21, 1840-April 
 2, 1904), journalist, was born in Water- 
 ford, Washington County. After graduating 
 from the University of Michigan in 1861, 
 he was a war correspondent for the Cin- 
 cinnati Commercial and other periodicals. 
 After the war he toured Europe as a cor- 
 respondent, and in 1868 he walked from 
 Port Royal, S. C, to San Francisco, Calif. 
 His first book, Muskingum Legends, is pat- 
 terned after Washington Irving's Sketch 
 Book. 
 
 Muskingum Legends . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1871. 
 Afoot and Alone; A Walk from Sea to Sea 
 
 by the Southern Route . . . , Hartford, 
 
 Conn., 1872. 
 
Prather 
 
 508 
 
 Tribes of California, Washington, D. C, 
 
 1877. 
 The American Merino: For Wool and for 
 
 Mutton . . . , New York, 1887. 
 
 PRATHER, JOHN (July 30, 1843-May 29, 
 1921), was born in West Union, Adams 
 County. When he was thirteen, his family 
 moved to Manchester. His autobiography 
 recounts his Civil War experiences, first 
 as a sutler's clerk and later as a soldier 
 in the 91st O.V.I. After the Civil War he 
 was inspired by visions to preach, but he 
 was never ordained. His occupation as the 
 first rural mail carrier in Manchester led 
 to a quarrel with the postmaster. The local 
 Methodist minister supported Prather's op- 
 ponent, and after a lengthy controversy 
 Prather was expelled from his church. When 
 he published his book, he was superin- 
 tendent of the local Baptist Sunday School 
 and a member of a Methodist church, in 
 Kentucky. 
 Scenes and Incidents in the Life of an 
 
 Expelled Member of the M.E. Church, 
 
 Aberdeen, 1879. 
 
 PRATT, ANNA M. (July 23, 1844-July 23, 
 1928), educator, born in Massachusetts, 
 was brought to Cleveland when she was 
 six years old and spent the remainder of 
 her life in that city. She taught for a 
 number of years in the Cleveland schools 
 and died in Cleveland at the age of 84. 
 Flower Folk . . . , New York, 1890. 
 Friends from my Garden . . . , New York, 
 
 1890. 
 Little Rhymes for Little People, Cleveland, 
 
 1896. 
 
 PRATT, CORNELIA ATWOOD (d. 1929), 
 was born in Bryan, Williams County. After 
 graduating from Vassar College, she worked 
 on the New York Critic and the St. Paul 
 Globe. She married William D. Comer of 
 Seattle, Wash., in 1903 and afterward 
 worked on the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 
 A Book of Martyrs, New York, 1896. 
 The Daughter of a Stoic, New York, 1896. 
 The Preliminaries; And Other Stories, Bos- 
 ton, 1912. 
 
 PRATT, DWIGHT MALLORY (April 18, 
 1852-April 12, 1922), clergyman, was born 
 in West Cornwall, Conn. He graduated 
 from Amherst College in 1876 and Hart- 
 ford Theological Seminary in 1880. He 
 served as pastor of Walnut Hills Congrega- 
 tional Church, Cincinnati, 1900-14. He 
 lived in Cleveland, 1919-22. He wrote The 
 Master's Method of Winning Men, New 
 York, [1922]. WWW 1 
 
 PRATT, PARLEY PARKER (April 12, 
 1807-May 13, 1857), born in Burlington, 
 N. Y., settled in Ohio before he was 21 
 and for a time was associated with Sidney 
 Rigdon (q.v.). In 1830 he joined the 
 Church of Latter-day Saints and was a 
 member of the Kirtland settlement, where 
 he was ordained an apostle. He traveled 
 widely as a missionary and published sev- 
 eral Mormon pamphlets. His autobiography, 
 edited by his son, was published in 1874 
 and reissued in 1938. 
 
 PRENTISS, HARRIET DOAN McREYN- 
 OLDS (Dec. 14, 1862-March 25, 1951), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 She was educated in Cleveland and in Mich- 
 igan. She married Irvin R. Prentiss, brother 
 of Adella P. Hughes (q.v.). Around 1920 
 she moved to Philadelphia; her death oc- 
 curred in that city. She wrote books on 
 New Thought and a collection of poems: 
 Golden Hours . . . , New York, [1940]. 
 WWNAA 7 
 
 PRESRREY, FRANK SPENCER (May 22, 
 1855-Oct. 10, 1936), born in Buffalo, N. Y., 
 lived in Ohio for four years while he pub- 
 lished and edited the Youngstown Daily 
 News-Register, 1881-85. He later moved to 
 New York City, where he published a his- 
 tory of advertising and wrote a number of 
 guidebooks for travelers, e.g., To Far Away 
 Vacation Lands, [New York, 1895]. 
 
 PRESCOTT, JAMES S. (Jan. 26, 1803-April 
 3, 1888), was born in Lancaster, Mass. 
 At the age of sixteen he became a stone- 
 mason. About the same time he became a 
 Baptist, and in 1825 he went to Oneida, 
 N. Y., as a Baptist missionary. In 1826 he 
 went to Cleveland, where he was hired to 
 do masonry for the Shaker community in 
 North Union Village. After living in the 
 community for a short time, he joined the 
 society and spent the remainder of his life 
 at North Union, teaching school and serv- 
 ing as an elder. 
 The Social Evil, North Union, 1870. 
 
 PRESNELL, FRANK G. (June 24, 1906- 
 ), engineer, was born in Torreon, Mex- 
 ico, where his father was working as a met- 
 allurgist. Educated at Antioch College and 
 Ohio State University, he has worked as a 
 designer and engineer for various concerns. 
 He was a resident of Ohio for forty years, 
 living most of that time in Chillicothe; he 
 now lives in Los Angeles. He has written 
 several mystery novels, e.g., Send Another 
 Coffin, New York, 1939. 
 
509 
 
 Pryor, H. S. 
 
 PRESTON, MARGARET JLNKIN (May 19, 
 1820-March 28, 1897), born in Milton, Pa., 
 daughter of George Junkin (q.v.), lived in 
 Oxford, 1841-44, while her father was pres- 
 ident of Miami University. She published 
 several volumes of prose and poetry, e.g., 
 Old Song and New, Philadelphia, 1870. 
 
 PREYER, HUGO (Jan. 20, 1847- ?), journal- 
 ist, was born in Prussia. He was publisher 
 of Ohio Staats Zeitung, published in Can- 
 ton, and the Colorado Staats Zeitung. He 
 was active in reform organizations, and in 
 1878 was a candidate for lieutenant gov- 
 ernor of Ohio on the Greenback ticket. 
 Ten Years' Practical Experience in Grape 
 and Small Fruit Culture, Canton, 1875. 
 
 PRICE, EMERSON (April 2, 1902- ), 
 journalist, was born in Dublin, Franklin 
 County, and attended public schools there. 
 He has worked on the Akron Times-Press 
 and the Cincinnati Post and is now book 
 editor of the Cleveland Press. He has 
 written for magazines under the pen name 
 Hugh Hanley and has published a novel 
 about the adventures of a boy in Scatter- 
 field, an imaginary Ohio town near an in- 
 dustrial city: Inn of That Journey, Caldwell, 
 Idaho, 1939. 
 
 PRICE, IRA MAURICE (April 29, 1856- 
 Sept. 18, 1939), educator, was born near 
 Newark, Licking County. He graduated 
 from Denison University in 1879, Baptist 
 Union Theological Seminary in 1882, and 
 the University of Leipzig (Ph.D.) in 1887. 
 After teaching in several institutions, he 
 joined the faculty of the University of Chi- 
 cago, where he served from 1892 to 1925. 
 Besides the titles below, he wrote several 
 textbooks and grammars. 
 The Monuments and the Old Testament 
 
 . . . , Chicago, 1899. 
 The Drift of Biblical Research, Past and 
 
 Present, Philadelphia, 1900. 
 The Ancestry of Our English Bible . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, 1907. 
 The Dramatic Story of the Old Testament 
 
 History, New York, 1929. 
 
 PRICE, JUNIUS LUCIEN (Jan. 6, 1883- 
 ), was born in Kent, Portage County. 
 He graduated from Western Reserve Acad- 
 emy in 1901 and Harvard University in 
 1907. He wrote reviews and editorials for 
 the Boston Transcript, 1907-14, and for 
 the Boston Globe, 1914-22. His books in- 
 clude an account of Amherst College dur- 
 ing the administration of Alexander Meikle- 
 John: Prophets Unawares, the Romance of 
 an Idea, New York, [1924]. WW 30 
 
 PRICE, MERLE (Oct. 22, 1884-Jan. 22, 
 1960), was born in Millport, Meigs County. 
 He worked for a number of years in the 
 state welfare department and in the Ohio 
 State Department of Commerce in Colum- 
 bus. He died in Bellaire, Belmont County. 
 He published a collection of poems: The 
 Heart Has Its Daybreak, Emory University, 
 Ga., 1950. 
 
 PRICE, WARWICK JAMES (Nov. 25, 1870- 
 April 6, 1934), was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1894, was a master of 
 St. Paul's School for four years, and after- 
 ward lived in Philadelphia as a free-lance 
 writer for magazines and newspapers. He 
 published a collection of poems: Nearest 
 Things, Philadelphia, [1919]. WWW 1 
 
 PRINCE, BENJAMIN F. (Dec. 12, 1840- 
 Sept. 11, 1933), educator, was born in West- 
 ville, Champaign County. He graduated 
 from Wittenberg College in 1865, joined 
 the faculty the following year, and re- 
 mained a member of the college staff until 
 his death. Because of his professional train- 
 ing and his fine personal library, his his- 
 tory of Clark County is superior to most 
 local histories: A Standard History of 
 Springfield and Clark County . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1922. WWW 1 
 
 PRINGLE, MARY POAGUE (Oct. 26, 1877- 
 Dec. 10, 1957), librarian, was born in 
 Springfield, Clark County. She served on 
 the staff of Warder Public Library, Spring- 
 field, and was later with the St. Paul, 
 Minn., Public Library and at the Library 
 of the University of Hawaii. She died in 
 Honolulu. With Clara A. Urann of Cleve- 
 land, she wrote Yule-tide in Many Lands, 
 Boston, [1916]. 
 
 PRUESER, SARA V. (April 11, 1869-Sept. 
 8, 1936), educator, was born in Defiance 
 County. She graduated from Defiance High 
 School and from Defiance College, after 
 which she taught in the county and the 
 city schools. She published poems in pe- 
 riodicals and anthologies and a book for 
 young readers: Our Dooryard Friends, Chi- 
 cago, 1915. 
 
 PRYOR, HELEN SLOMAN (March 7, 1901- 
 ), was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 County. Since 1940 she has been a member 
 of various government boards and agencies. 
 With her husband, William Clayton Pryor 
 (q.v.), she has written a number of books 
 for children, e.g., The Cowboy Book . . . , 
 New York, [1938]. WW AW 1 
 
Pryor, W. C. 
 
 510 
 
 PRYOR, WILLIAM CLAYTON (July 15, 
 1894-March 30, 1949), journalist and gov- 
 ernment official, was born in Camden, 
 Preble County. He worked on newspapers 
 in Camden, Cincinnati, Springfield, and Co- 
 lumbus, and was an associate editor of the 
 Ohio Farm Bureau. At the time of his 
 death in Paris, France, he was head of the 
 Education and Publication Service, U. S. 
 Soil Conservation Service. He wrote a 
 number of books for children, most of them 
 in collaboration with his wife, Helen Slo- 
 man Pryor (q.v.). Their joint publications 
 include The Steamship Book . . . , New 
 York, [1934]. 
 
 PULTE, JOSEPH HIPPOLYTE (Oct. 6, 
 1811-Feb. 25, 1884), homeopathic phy- 
 sician, was born in Westphalia. After com- 
 ing to America in 1834, he was converted 
 to homeopathy and practiced in Allentown, 
 Pa., for six years. In 1840, en route to 
 St. Louis, his original destination in Amer- 
 ica, he stopped at Cincinnati, decided to 
 practice medicine there, and remained for 
 the rest of his life. He lectured at Cleve- 
 land Homeopathic College and in 1872 
 founded Pulte Medical College in Cincin- 
 nati. He published numerous medical ar- 
 ticles and some addresses. The Domestic 
 Physician passed through many editions. 
 Organon Der Weltgeschichte, Cincinnati, 
 
 1846. 
 Homeopathic Domestic Physician . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1850. 
 Woman's Medical Guide . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1853. 
 
 PUMMILL, JAMES (Dec. 12, 1828-Feb. 1, 
 1912), journalist, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He learned the printing 
 trade in Cincinnati and wrote essays and 
 poems for the Ladies' Repository and the 
 Knickerbocker Magazine. He was for a 
 time editor of the Aurora, Ind., Commer- 
 cial, but returned to Ohio. He was asso- 
 ciated with various Cincinnati periodicals 
 and with the Methodist Book Concern. His 
 last years were spent at his home, Russet 
 Cottage, near Cincinnati. 
 Fruits of Leisure, Circleville, 1846. 
 Fugitive Poems, Cincinnati, 1852. 
 Russet Leaves, Philadelphia, 1870. 
 
 PURCELL, JOHN BAPTIST (Feb. 26, 1800- 
 July 4, 1883), clergyman, was born in Mal- 
 low, Ireland. In 1818 he came to Baltimore, 
 Md., where he taught for two years before 
 entering Mount Saint Mary's College; after 
 studying there and in Paris, he was ordained 
 to the Roman Catholic priesthood in 1826. 
 After teaching at Mount Saint Mary's for 
 
 a few years, he was appointed bishop of 
 Cincinnati, and in 1850 he was named arch- 
 bishop. No one did more to strengthen the 
 Roman Catholic Church in Ohio. He built 
 schools, convents, and churches and re- 
 plied with a minimum of antagonism to at- 
 tacks on his church. In the Mexican War, 
 and especially in the Civil War, he insisted 
 that the primary duty of Catholics was to 
 support the nation. In 1836 he participated 
 in a public debate with Alexander Camp- 
 bell (q.v.), a record of which was published 
 in 1837. His brilliant leadership came to a 
 tragic end in the late 1870s. From the be- 
 ginning of his service in Cincinnati, immi- 
 grants had entrusted their money to him; 
 he had invested this money in property 
 which could not be immediately liquidated, 
 and the fund was unable to meet its obliga- 
 tions. In 1879 Archbishop Purcell retired 
 to the Ursuline convent in Brown County, 
 where he spent the last years of his life. 
 Besides the pamphlet listed below, he wrote 
 many articles and pastoral letters. Some of 
 his sermons were also published. 
 Jesus Christ and the Resurrection, Balti- 
 more, 1874. 
 
 PURINTON, DANIEL BOARDMAN (Feb. 
 15, 1850-Nov. 27, 1933), educator, born in 
 Preston County, Va., served as president of 
 Denison University, 1890-1901. His writings 
 include Christian Theism . . . , New York, 
 1889. 
 
 PURVIANCE, LEVI (Sept. 7, 1790-April 9, 
 
 1873), clergyman, was born in Iredell 
 County, N. C. He spent his boyhood in 
 Tennessee and Kentucky, and also lived for 
 a time in Indiana. In 1823 he was ordained 
 to the ministry of the Christian Church; he 
 preached in Miami, Warren, Darke, and 
 Preble Counties. He spent ten years in Mor- 
 ristown, 111., 1852-62. On returning to 
 Ohio, he continued to preach until his 
 death. Besides the title below, he wrote nu- 
 merous articles for religious periodicals. 
 The Biography of Elder David Purviance 
 . . . , Dayton, 1848. 
 
 PUTERSCHEIN, HERMANN. Pseud. See 
 William A. Dwiggins. 
 
 PUTNAM, ALBIGENCE WALDO (March 
 11, 1799-Jan. 20, 1869), great-grandson of 
 Israel Putnam, was born in Marietta, 
 Washington County. He studied law and 
 practiced in Mississippi until 1836, when he 
 settled in Nashville, Tenn., where he spent 
 the remainder of his life. He wrote a num- 
 ber of articles on Tennessee history and 
 was president of the state historical society. 
 
511 
 
 Quinn, J. 
 
 History of Middle Tennessee; Or, Life and 
 Times of Gen. James Robertson, Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., 1859. 
 
 PUTNAM, J. WESLEY. Pseud. See Harry S. 
 Drago. 
 
 PUTNAM, RUFUS (April 9, 1738-May 4, 
 1824), organizer of the Ohio Company, 
 was born in Sutton, Mass. He served both 
 in the French and Indian War and in the 
 American Revolution. With a party of set- 
 tlers, on April 7, 1788, he founded Marietta. 
 He served as a judge of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory, as a brigadier general in action 
 against the Indians, as a commissioner in 
 negotiating Indian treaties, as U. S. sur- 
 veyor-general, and as a delegate to the 
 state constitutional convention of 1802. Not 
 
 primarily a literary man, he left journals 
 and correspondence that were published 
 long after his death. 
 Journal of Gen. Rufus Putnam Kept in 
 
 Northern New York . . . , Albany, N. Y., 
 
 1886. 
 The Memoirs of Rufus Putnam . . . , 
 
 (Rowena Buell, ed.), Boston, 1903. 
 
 PYE, ERNEST (Oct. 6, 1881-July 14, 1959), 
 educator, born in Faribault, Minn., grad- 
 uated from Oberlin College in 1909 and 
 from the Seminary in 1911. He maintained 
 legal residence in Ohio while teaching in 
 Turkey, 1911-25, and in Greece, 1925-32. 
 He later lived in Winter Park, Fla. He wrote 
 The Biography of a Mind: Bosworth of 
 Oberlin . . . ,'New York, [1948]. 
 
 Q 
 
 QUAD, M. Pseud. See Charles B. Lewis. 
 
 QUICK, JOHN HERBERT (Oct. 23. 1861- 
 May 10, 1925), born in Grundy County, 
 Iowa, lived in Springfield from 1909 to 
 1916, while editing Farm and Fireside. Au- 
 thor of many articles and several novels, 
 the best of which have their setting in early 
 Iowa, he also published an autobiography: 
 One Man's Life . . . , Indianapolis, [1925]. 
 DAB 15 
 
 QUIGLEY, MARTIN JOSEPH (May 6, 
 
 1890- ), publisher, was born in Cleve- 
 land. Cuyahoga County. He attended Niag- 
 ara University and Catholic University of 
 America, worked as a reporter, 1910-13, 
 and since 1916 has been president of Quig- 
 ley Publishing Co., which issues periodicals 
 related to motion pictures and television. 
 He has published Decencv in Motion Pic- 
 tures, New York. 1937. WW 30 
 
 QUIN, DAN. Pseud. See Alfred Henry Lewis. 
 
 QUINAN, JOHN RUSSELL (Aug. 7, 1822- 
 Nov. 11, 1890), physician and historian, 
 born in Lancaster, Pa., lived in Cincinnati 
 during his early years and attended Wood- 
 ward College in that city. He also at- 
 tended Marietta College. He practiced med- 
 icine in Baltimore, Md., and produced an 
 important volume of medical history: Medi- 
 cal Annals of Baltimore from 1608 to 
 1880 . . . , Baltimore, 1884. 
 
 QUINBY, GEORGE WASHINGTON (Dec. 
 20, 1810-Jan. 10, 1884), clergyman, was 
 born in Westbrook, Maine. He began 
 preaching in 1835 and was pastor of several 
 Universalist churches in Maine before com- 
 ing to Cincinnati, where he was editor of 
 the Star of the West for several years and 
 of the Gospel Banner from 1864 until 
 1884. He died in Augusta, Maine. 
 Marriage and Duties of the Marriage Rela- 
 tion . . . , Cincinnati, 1852. 
 The Salvation of Christ, Cincinnati, 1852. 
 Brief Exposition and Defence of Universal- 
 ism, Cincinnati, 1854. 
 The Gallows, the Prison, and the Poor- 
 house . . . , Cincinnati, 1860. 
 Heaven Our Home, Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
 QUINN, DANIEL (Sept. 21. 1861-March 3, 
 1918), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Yellow Springs. Greene County. After 
 graduating from Mt. St. Mary's College in 
 1883, he was ordained to the Roman Cath- 
 olic priesthood. He studied and taught in 
 Athens, Greece, for several years and re- 
 ceived his doctorate from the University of 
 Athens in 1893. He taught at Catholic Uni- 
 versity, 1893-98, and Antioch College, 
 1906-10. He published a report on Greek 
 education in 1898 and Helladian Vistas, 
 Yellow Springs, 1908. WWW 1 
 
 QUINN, JOHN (April 24. 1870-July 28, 
 1924), lawyer, was born in Tiffin. Seneca 
 County. After graduating from Georgetown 
 
Raddatz 
 
 512 
 
 University in 1893 and Harvard University 
 in 1895, he practiced law in New York 
 City until his death. He was widely known 
 in the United States and Europe as a col- 
 lector of rare books and modern art. He 
 conducted a widespread correspondence 
 with writers and artists, and when his let- 
 
 ters, which are now in the New York 
 Public Library, are released, they will un- 
 doubtedly provide much useful informa- 
 tion on artistic and literary movements of 
 his day. He was the compiler and partial 
 author of The Irish Home-Rule Convention 
 . . . , New York, 1917. WWW 1 
 
 R 
 
 RADDATZ, WILLIAM JOSEPH (Feb. 25, 
 1880-July 29, 1940), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 John Carroll University in 1901. President 
 of a printing company, he was active in 
 Cleveland civic affairs. He collected Shake- 
 spearean materials as an avocation and pub- 
 lished three books on Shakespeare, e.g., 
 Shakespeare Wrote Shakespeare, Cleveland, 
 [1921]. 
 
 RAFF, GEORGE WERTZ (March 25, 1825- 
 April 14, 1888), lawyer, judge, and banker, 
 was born in Tuscarawas County. Self-edu- 
 cated, he was clerk of the supreme court of 
 Stark County, 1848-50, and judge of the 
 probate court, 1852-55. In 1887 he founded 
 the Central Savings Bank of Canton. His 
 publications were compiled for laymen, 
 among whom they were found useful and 
 enjoyed a good sale. He died in Canton. 
 Guide to Executors and Administrators in 
 
 Ohio . . . , Cleveland, 1859. 
 A Manual of Pensions, Bounty and Pay 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1862. 
 
 RAIMOND, C. E. Pseud. See Elizabeth 
 Robins. 
 
 RAINS, MARIE CURTIS (July 7, 1884-May 
 13, 1953), born in Maysville, Ky., taught 
 for a number of years in Bond Hill Kinder- 
 garten, Cincinnati. She published two pop- 
 ular books for children, e.g., Lazy Liza Liz- 
 ard, Philadelphia, [1938]. 
 
 RAINS, PAUL BOYD (Jan. 22, 1895- ), 
 clergyman, was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. A graduate of Transylvania 
 University and College of Bible, Lexington, 
 Ky., he was ordained to the ministry of the 
 Disciples of Christ Church in 1921. He 
 served pastorates in several states, was a 
 chaplain in World War II, and was director 
 of Christian education for the Metropolitan 
 Church Federation. St. Louis, Mo. He now 
 lives in High Ridge, Mo. He has written 
 
 many articles and pamphlets and a biog- 
 raphy: Francis Marion Rains, St. Louis, 
 Mo., 1922. 
 
 RALPH, PHILIP LEE (July 10, 1905- ), 
 educator, born in Antigo, Wis., has lived in 
 Ohio since 1945, when he joined the history 
 department of Lake Erie College for 
 Women. He has published a study of the 
 seventeenth-century English gentleman: Sir 
 Humphrey Mildmay . . . , New Brunswick. 
 [Conn.], 1947. DAS 3 
 
 RALSTON, CHESTER FAIRMAN (May 21, 
 1870-April 5, 1955), clergyman, was born 
 in Fairview (now Jewett), Harrison County. 
 After graduating from Oberlin College in 
 1892 and the Seminary in 1894, he served 
 as a Baptist minister for 25 years in New 
 York State and in Monroeville and Warren. 
 He later was in the insurance business in 
 Oberlin. He wrote Light in the Shadows of 
 the Valley, Boston, [1909]. 
 
 RAMSAY, JANET (April 15, 1889-Jan. 27, 
 1940), musician, was born in Cadiz, Harri- 
 son County, the daughter of a Presbyterian 
 minister. She studied music in Europe and 
 became a concert pianist and a writer on 
 musical subjects. She died in New York 
 City. She wrote poetry, short stories, and 
 novels, e.g., The Bright Threshold, New 
 York, 1927. 
 
 RAMSAY, WILLIAM W. (Sept. 11, 1835- 
 April 29, 1909), clergyman, was born in 
 Winchester, Adams County. As a Methodist 
 minister he served several large urban 
 churches. He was a friend of President Mc- 
 Kinley, who is said to have called him "by 
 far the greatest pulpit orator in America." 
 In his later life he lectured and wrote widely 
 on astronomy. He died in Detroit, Mich. 
 Sky Wonders, Boston, 1893. 
 
 RANDALL, DAVID AUSTIN (Jan. 14, 1813- 
 June 27, 1884), clergyman, was born in 
 
513 
 
 Ransom, J. C. 
 
 Colchester, Conn. He attended Canandai- 
 gua, N. Y., Academy. He was pastor of 
 a Baptist church in Columbus, was cor- 
 responding secretary of the Ohio Baptist 
 Convention. 1850-63, and chaplain of the 
 Ohio Asylum for the Insane, 1854-56. He 
 edited a temperance paper, the Washing- 
 tonian, for many years. He died in Co- 
 lumbus. 
 The Handwriting of God in Egypt, Sinai, 
 
 and the Holy Land . . . , Columbus, 
 
 1862. 
 Ham-Mishkan, the Wonderful Tent . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1886. 
 
 RANDALL, EMILIUS OVIATT (Oct. 28, 
 1850-Dec. 18, 1919), lawyer, educator, and 
 historian, was born in Richfield, Summit 
 County. He graduated from Cornell Uni- 
 versity in 1874, read law, and was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar in 1890. He was on the 
 Ohio State University law faculty, 1893- 
 1909, became official reporter of the Su- 
 preme Court of Ohio in 1895, and served 
 as secretary of the Ohio Archaeological and 
 Historical Society, 1894-1919. With Daniel 
 J. Ryan (q.v. ) he prepared a widely used 
 five-volume history of Ohio (1912). He also 
 published numerous historical studies, e.g., 
 The Serpent Mound, Adams County . . . , 
 Columbus, [1905]. WWW 1 
 
 RANDALL, PAULINE BOLLARD (Nov. 19, 
 1852-?), was born in Austinburg, Ashta- 
 bula County. She lived in Lockport, N. Y., 
 and other communities where her husband, 
 Charles W. Randall, served as superintend- 
 ent of public schools. After his death she 
 lived with a daughter in Columbus, Ga. Her 
 published volumes of poetry include While 
 the Heart Is Young, [Columbus, Ga., 1936]. 
 
 RANKIN, JEREMIAH EAMES (Jan. 2, 
 
 1828-Nov. 28, 1904), clergyman, and pres- 
 ident of Howard University, 1889-1903, 
 spent the last year and a half of his life 
 in Cleveland and died in that city. A Con- 
 gregational minister, he published numer- 
 ous sermons and several volumes of poems, 
 some of them in Scots dialect, e.g., The 
 Auld Scotch Mither, and Other Poems . . . , 
 Boston, 1873. 
 
 RANKIN, JOHN (Feb. 4, 1793-March 18, 
 1886), clergyman and abolitionist, was 
 born in Jefferson County, Tenn. In 1814 
 he graduated from Washington College, 
 Jonesboro, Tenn. While serving as pastor 
 of two Presbyterian churches at Carlisle, 
 Ky., he founded an antislavery society, and 
 in 1822 moved to Ripley, where for 44 
 years he was a Presbyterian pastor. An 
 
 active member of the antislavery move- 
 ment, he was mobbed for his views many 
 times. The letters which he addressed to 
 his brother about 1824, dissuading him 
 from slaveholding, were published and ran 
 through many editions. His house in Rip- 
 ley, overlooking the Ohio River, was a 
 refuge for escaping slaves; it is now a mu- 
 seum. He is said to have told Mrs. Stowe 
 the story of Eliza and her child which she 
 used in Uncle Tom's Cabin. He founded the 
 American Reform Book and Tract Society 
 of Cincinnati, and in 1845 he founded the 
 Free Presbyterian Church, which excluded 
 slaveowners. Of his nine sons, seven served 
 in the Union Army during the Civil War. 
 He died in Ironton. 
 Letters on American Slavery, Addressed to 
 
 Mr. Thomas Rankin, Merchant at Mid- 
 
 dlebrook, Augusta County, Va., Boston, 
 
 1833. 
 An Address to the Churches; In Relation to 
 
 Slavery, Medina, 1836. 
 A Practical Work on the Covenant of 
 
 Grace, Ripley, 1840. 
 A Short Memoir of Samuel Donnell, Esq., 
 
 Cincinnati, 1854. 
 
 RANKIN, RICHARD G. (1821-June 17, 
 1889), son of John Rankin (q.v.), was 
 born in Paris, Ky. He served as a captain 
 in the 7th Ohio Cavalry, Aug., 1862-June, 
 1865. His death occurred in Ripley. 
 History of the Seventh Ohio Volunteer 
 Cavalry, Ripley, 1881. 
 
 RANSOHOFF, JOSEPH (May 26, 1853- 
 March 10, 1921), physician, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After gradu- 
 ating from the Medical College of Ohio in 
 1874, he studied in London. Internationally 
 recognized as a surgeon, he practiced in 
 Cincinnati and taught at the Medical Col- 
 lege of Ohio. A posthumous collection of 
 his writings was published: Under the North- 
 ern Lights and Other Stories, Cincinnati, 
 1921. WWW 1 
 
 RANSOM, JOHN CROWE (April 30, 1888- 
 ), born in Pulaski, Tenn., has been on 
 the Kenyon College faculty since 1937 and 
 has edited the Kenyon Review since 1939. 
 A member of the faculty of Vanderbilt 
 University from 1914 to 1937, he was a 
 leader of the Fugitives, the Southern 
 agrarians active at Vanderbilt in the mid- 
 19208. His poems have won him a reputa- 
 tion as one of the most distinguished of 
 modern American poets. Even more in- 
 fluential, perhaps, as a critic, he supplied 
 the name and many of the basic concepts 
 of the dominant tendency in modern crit- 
 
Ransom, R. C. 
 
 514 
 
 icism in his volume The New Criticism, 
 Norfolk, Conn., [1941]. TCA 
 
 RANSOM, REYERDY CASSIUS (Jan. 4, 
 
 1861-April 22, 1959), clergyman and 
 bishop, was born in Flushing. Belmont 
 County. He served in various ways as a 
 lecturer, politician, and reformer; in 1903 
 he led a crusade against a policy syndicate 
 in Chicago. He was the first Negro to serve 
 on the Ohio Pardon and Parole Commis- 
 sion. He retired as bishop of the American 
 Methodist Church in 1952. He died at his 
 home near the Wilberforce campus. His 
 writings include The Negro; The Hope or 
 the Despair of Christianity, Boston, 1935. 
 
 RAPER, HOWARD RILEY (Oct. 7, 1886- 
 ), dentist, was born in Chillicothe, 
 Ross County, the younger brother of John 
 W. Raper (q.v. ). After graduating from 
 Indiana Dental College in 1906, he taught 
 there until 1918, when he moved to Al- 
 buquerque, N. M. A pioneer in the use of 
 X rays for examining the teeth, he pub- 
 lished several technical books on dentistry 
 and radiography and Men against Pain; 
 The Epic of Anesthesia, New York, 1945. 
 WW 28 
 
 RAPER, JOHN WOLFE (Jack) (Feb. 20, 
 1870-Dec. 12. 1950), journalist, was born 
 in McArthur, Vinton County. After attend- 
 ing school in Chillicothe, he worked on var- 
 ious newspapers before joining the Cleve- 
 land Press, where he served for many 
 years. His column, "Most Anything," was 
 published under the pen name Josh Wise. 
 After retiring in 1947, he lived in Albu- 
 querque, N. M. He wrote plays and vaude- 
 ville sketches and published a book of say- 
 ings from his columns: What This World 
 Needs, Cleveland, [1945]. WWO 
 
 RAPKING, AARON H. (April 15, 1886- 
 ), clergyman, was born near Sardis, 
 Monroe County. After graduating from 
 Baldwin Wallace College in 1912 and Gar- 
 rett Biblical Institute in 1914, he served 
 Methodist churches in Huntington and 
 Haverhill and also taught at Buckhannon 
 College, W. Va. He now lives near Lost 
 Creek, W. Va. Since 1919 he has written 
 a weekly message, published by the Method- 
 ist Board of Education, and he has also 
 written a book: Building the Kingdom of 
 God in the Countryside, New York, [1938]. 
 
 RAPP, WILHELM (July 14, 1828-March 1. 
 1907), journalist, born in Germany, lived 
 in Cincinnati, 1855-56, while editing the 
 Turner -Zeitung and serving as president of 
 
 the Turnerbund. As a speaker and writer, 
 he was influential in encouraging German- 
 Americans to oppose slavery and to sup- 
 port the Republican Party. He later edited 
 Der Wecker in Baltimore and the Illinois 
 Staats-Zeitung in Chicago. He published a 
 collection of speeches and essays: Erinner- 
 ungen Eines Deutsch-Amerikaners an das 
 Alt Vaterland, Chicago, 1890. 
 
 RAREY, JOHN SOLOMON (Dec. 6, 1827- 
 Oct. 4, 1866), who Emerson said "turned 
 a new leaf in civilization," was born in 
 Groveport, Franklin County. His father, 
 Adam Rarey, an innkeeper and a breeder of 
 horses, gave young John encouragement 
 and opportunity to develop his natural tal- 
 ent for handling colts. As a boy he earned 
 a reputation as a horse-trainer, training 
 his first unbroken colt at the age of twelve. 
 Based on experience gained on his father's 
 farm, Rarey doubted the current practice 
 of "breaking" colts by the use of cruel 
 methods. Gradually he evolved a new idea 
 based on extreme kindness, the object be- 
 ing to convince the horse that man is his 
 natural master and friend, then to estab- 
 lish confidence and finally obedience. By 
 1855 his ideas had crystallized into a defi- 
 nite system, which he then proved by ex- 
 perimentation with wild horses and mules 
 in Texas. Rarey then started his career as 
 a teacher of horsemanship, giving his first 
 public demonstration at Columbus in 1856. 
 To each of his pupils, under pledge of 
 secrecy, he gave a 62-page book of instruc- 
 tions, The Modern Art of Taming Wild 
 Horses, which he had copyrighted on Sept. 
 14, 1855, in an effort to protect his ideas. 
 The title page is dated 1856. This book, 
 presenting an entirely new system of train- 
 ing, completely revolutionized methods of 
 "breaking" horses. Its humane methods are 
 still basic. Immediately Rarey was charged 
 with plagiarism — charges demonstrably 
 false. But worse — over thirty piracies of the 
 book appeared, even piracies of piracies, 
 under various authors and misleading titles. 
 They probably sold by the thousands. 
 Rarey made a few attempts to stem the 
 tide, but soon gave up. About this time 
 R. A. Goodenough, a Toronto merchant, 
 "saw that there was money to be made out 
 of the Rarey system." and persuaded Rarey 
 to form a partnership with him. After a 
 successful visit to Canadian military au- 
 thorities. Rarey and Goodenough arrived in 
 England on Nov. 29, 1857, with excellent 
 letters of introduction. But in Aug., 1858, 
 Goodenough returned home, "not having 
 been profitable to Rarey." Rarey's imme- 
 diate success in England provoked some 
 
515 
 
 Rattermann 
 
 skepticism; occasional criticism appeared 
 in the press. Finally a letter in the London 
 Morning Post of March 2, 1858, challenged 
 Rarey to tackle Cruiser, "a noble creature, 
 but fiend incarnate," owned by Lord Dor- 
 chester. Rarey accepted the dramatic chal- 
 lenge. After an exhibition of tremendous 
 courage, Cruiser was completely subdued 
 within three hours. The victory was im- 
 pressive; Rarey became "the great Lion of 
 the London season," and gave no fewer than 
 four command performances before Queen 
 Victoria. Much of Rarey's success in Eng- 
 land was due to the interest taken in him 
 by Henry Hall Dixon. It was he who con- 
 vinced the famous Messrs. Tattersall that 
 general adoption of Rarey's system "would 
 confer invaluable benefit on . . . the great 
 horse interest," and it was he who organ- 
 ized the first subscription of 5,000 guineas, 
 a class of pupils headed by the Queen and 
 Prince Consort and made up almost en- 
 tirely of members of the aristocracy. But 
 again in an effort to protect his interests 
 Rarey unwittingly ran into trouble. His pu- 
 pils were pledged to secrecy, but when he 
 arranged for his book to be copyrighted in 
 England, his publisher issued a regular 
 trade edition, whereupon Rarey immediately 
 released his pupils from their pledges. This 
 incident gave Dixon a chance to edit a new 
 edition of The Modern Art, which was badly 
 needed. The original was far from satis- 
 factory. The London 1858 edition, as 
 enlarged by Dixon, was competently illus- 
 trated, and clearly explained Rarey's prin- 
 ciples. Later Rarey gave demonstrations 
 throughout the British Isles, and then he 
 toured France, Russia, Sweden, Norway, 
 Turkey, Egypt, and Arabia. On May 16, 
 1860, he received from the Royal Society 
 for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 
 a gold medal "for the great services he had 
 rendered to humanity." It is estimated that 
 his European tour netted Rarey over 
 $100,000. When Rarey returned to Amer- 
 ica in 1860, he was acclaimed as a national 
 hero and was even suggested for the Presi- 
 dency. In 1862 he rendered services to the 
 Army of the Potomac. After a series of 
 exhibitions in many American cities, Rarey 
 suffered a stroke of paralysis in Dec, 1865. 
 He died in Cleveland. Dixon described 
 him as "of middle height, and well pro- 
 portioned figure, wiry and active rather 
 than muscular — his complexion effeminately 
 fair . . . altogether his appearance and 
 manners are eminently gentlemanly." 
 
 Robert W. Henderson 
 The Modern Art of Taming Wild Horses, 
 Columbus, 1856. 
 
 RATHBORNE, ST. GEORGE HENRY (Dec. 
 26, 1854-Dec. 16, 1938), born in Coving- 
 ton, Ky., spent part of his boyhood in Cin- 
 cinnati and attended the public schools of 
 that city. A highly prolific writer of dime 
 novels and books for boys, he turned out 
 over 300 titles under various pen names: 
 Aleck Forbes, Duke Duncan, Harrison 
 Adams, Harry St. George, Marline Manly, 
 Hugh Allen, Charles L. Wrenn, John M. 
 Foster, Doctor Mark Merrick, and others. 
 
 RATTERMANN, HEINRICH ARMIN (Oct. 
 14, 1832-Jan. 6, 1923), self-educated his- 
 torian and man of letters, was born near 
 Osnabriick, Germany. He arrived in Cin- 
 cinnati with his parents in 1846, and though 
 he was forced to go to work as a common 
 laborer he found something besides sheer 
 drudgery in Cincinnati — he found oppor- 
 tunity to study the many books to which he 
 had free access, and he made the most of 
 it. Also, a gifted musician he found con- 
 genial and often influential friends. In 1850, 
 the year in which his father died and the 
 boy became the sole support of his mother 
 and two younger children, he was one of 
 the organizers of the famous German sing- 
 ing society, the Sangerbund; and in 1857 he 
 became a charter member of the Manne- 
 chor as well as the Orpheus in 1858. A 
 skilled rhymer, he wrote much verse in 
 German and English, work distinguished by 
 the production of an occasional gem. Much 
 of his verse was published under the pen 
 name Hugo Reimmund. In 1858 he founded 
 the German Mutual Fire Insurance Com- 
 pany of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, 
 which became one of the most successful 
 institutions of its kind in the United States. 
 Though he never acquired great wealth, his 
 income was quite adequate to support his 
 large family in comfort and to permit him 
 the avocations close to his heart. He ac- 
 quired a notable library, engaged in histor- 
 ical research which often required him to 
 make extensive trips, and became a prolific 
 writer. Among the several librettos for 
 operas performed in Cincinnati that he 
 wrote were The Poacher, Oberon, The In- 
 terrupted Sacrifice, and Die Fehme im 
 Froschreiche with music by a local com- 
 poser. From 1874 until its suspension in 
 1887 he was editor of the monthly histor- 
 ical journal Der Deutsche Pionier, es- 
 teemed as an invaluable source for the his- 
 tory of the German element in the United 
 States. In 1906 he began to publish a com- 
 pilation of selections from his work. Only 
 eleven of the projected eighteen volumes 
 had been published when the work was dis- 
 continued because of the condition of his 
 
Rawson, C. 
 
 516 
 
 health. During the last years of his life he 
 
 was both deaf and blind. He died in Cincin- 
 nati at the age of 91. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 
 Geschichte des Grossen Amerikanischen 
 Westens . . . , Cincinnati, 1875. 
 
 General Johann Andreas Wagener . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1877. 
 
 Early Music in Cincinnati. An Essay . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1879. 
 
 Geschichte der Deutschen Gemeinde der 
 Hoffnungsvollen Kirch, in Boone County, 
 Kentucky, Cincinnati, 1880. 
 
 Andreas Gross . . . , Cincinnati, 1883. 
 
 Adolph Strauch . . . , Cincinnati, 1884. 
 
 Anna Ottendorfer . . . , Cincinnati, 1885. 
 
 Karl August Varnhagen von Ense . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1885. 
 
 Zur Feier der Goldenen Hochzeit von Gus- 
 tav und Sophie Korner, Cincinnati, 1886. 
 
 Aktenmassige Geschichte der Ternperens — 
 Gesetzgebung im Staate Ohio, Cincinnati, 
 1889. 
 
 Der Anregende Einfluss der Deutschen auf 
 die Entdeckung Neuen Welt . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1892. 
 
 Albrecht Diirer . . . , Cincinnati, 1896. 
 
 Gustav Korner . . . , Cincinnati, 1902. 
 
 Johann Bernhard Stallo . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1902. 
 
 Die Pseudo-Unabhangigkeits-Erkldrung vom 
 Mecklenburg County, N. C. . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, [1904?]. 
 
 Nord-Amerikanische Vogel in Liedern . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1904. 
 
 Adolph Zipperlen . . . , Cincinnati, 1905. 
 
 Gesammelte Ausgewahlte Werke, 11 vols., 
 Cincinnati, 1906-12. 
 
 Letters of Heinrich Armin Rattermann to 
 the German American Poet-Priest, John 
 E. Rothensteiner, Joliet, 1938. 
 
 RAWSON, CLAYTON (1906- ), was born 
 in Elyria, Lorain County. In 1928 he grad- 
 uated from Ohio State University, where he 
 edited the Sun Dial; the following year he 
 studied at Chicago Art Institute. In 1932 
 he moved to New York to work as an il- 
 lustrator; he has also worked in an edi- 
 torial capacity for various publishers. He 
 lives in Mamaroneck, N. Y. He has written 
 several mystery novels, some under his own 
 name and some under the pen name Stuart 
 Towne, e.g., Death Out of Thin Air, New 
 York, [1941]. 
 
 RAWSON, JACK. Pseud. See Frank L. Hower. 
 
 RAY, E. S. (July 16, 1865-Nov. 17, 1932), 
 physician, was born in Byers, Jackson 
 County. After attending National Normal 
 University, Lebanon, he taught school in 
 
 Madison and Jackson Counties to finance 
 his medical education. He graduated from 
 Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 
 and practiced in Hamden for forty years. 
 He published many articles advocating 
 temperance and a novel: The Song of the 
 Pines, Boston, 1909. 
 
 RAY, JOSEPH (Nov. 25, 1807-April 17, 
 1856), physician and educator, was born in 
 West Liberty, Va. Son of Quaker parents, 
 he began teaching at the age of sixteen to 
 finance his education. Between intervals of 
 teaching he attended Ohio University, 
 Franklin College, and Ohio Medical Col- 
 lege in Cincinnati. He came to Cincinnati 
 in 1829, practiced medicine there, 1832- 
 34, and taught at Woodward High School, 
 1831-51, where he served as principal from 
 1851 until his death. He wrote several 
 arithmetics and algebra textbooks that were 
 very widely used. The titles below are pam- 
 phlets defending his texts against unfavor- 
 able reviewers. 
 
 Calumny Refuted . . . , [Cincinnati, 1855]. 
 An Exposure of the Falsehood of "Justice," 
 [Cincinnati, 1855]. 
 
 RAYMOND, DANIEL (1786-1849?), born 
 in New Haven, Conn., practiced law in 
 Baltimore, where he produced the work for 
 which he is chiefly remembered: Thoughts 
 on Political Economy, Baltimore, 1820, an 
 attempt to devise economic theories suited to 
 the New World. Details concerning his later 
 years are unavailable, but he apparently 
 moved to Cincinnati around 1840. 
 
 RAYMOND, ROSSITER WORTHINGTON 
 
 (April 27, 1840-Dec. 31, 1918), mining en- 
 gineer and lawyer, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County, but he spent most of his 
 boyhood in Brooklyn, N. Y., where his fa- 
 ther was a school principal. After study- 
 ing three years in Germany, he served in 
 the army, 1861-64, and then became a con- 
 sulting mining engineer. While U. S. com- 
 missioner of mining statistics, 1868-76, he 
 issued annual reports. He studied law, was 
 admitted to the bar in 1898, and was gen- 
 erally considered an expert on mining law. 
 He was active in Plymouth Church and its 
 Sunday school; when Henry Ward Beecher 
 died in 1887, he was offered the pastorate 
 but declined. He published numerous tech- 
 nical papers and other works, memorials to 
 various associates, and many stories for chil- 
 dren. His only novel, Brave Hearts, was 
 published under the pen name Robertson 
 Gray. 
 
 The Christmas Angel, New York, 1869. 
 The Children's Week, New York, 1871. 
 
517 
 
 Reck 
 
 Mines and Mining of the Rocky Mountains, 
 
 the Inland Basin, and the Pacific Slope, 
 
 New York, 1871. 
 Mines, Mills, and Furnaces of the Pacific 
 
 States and Territories . . . , New York, 
 
 1871. 
 Brave Hearts. An American Novel, New 
 
 York, 1873. 
 Mining Industry of the Rocky Mountains 
 
 . . . , New York, 1874. 
 The Man in the Moon, and Other People, 
 
 New York, 1875. 
 Treasures from Fairy Land, (with Grace 
 
 Greenwood [Sarah Jane Lippincott]), New 
 
 York, [1879]. 
 Camp and Cabin: Sketches of Life and 
 
 Travel in the West, New York, 1880. 
 The Merry-G o-Round; Stories for Boys 
 
 and Girls, New York, 1880. 
 Evolution of Animal Life, Boston, 1889. 
 Alfred Raymond . . . , [New York?, 1901?]. 
 Peter Cooper, Boston, [1901]. 
 The Feast of Lights . . . , [Norwood, 
 
 Mass.], 1910. 
 Christus Consolator, and Other Poems, 
 
 New York, [1916]. 
 
 READ, MATTHEW CANFIELD (Aug. 21, 
 1823-1902), educator and lawyer, was born 
 in Williamsfield, Ashtabula County. When 
 he was twelve, his family moved to Mecca, 
 Trumbull County. He attended district 
 schools and Grand River Institute, show- 
 ing from an early age an interest in botany 
 and geology. After graduating from West- 
 ern Reserve College in 1848, he taught 
 school in Columbus and Gustavus and read 
 law in Jefferson. He edited the Family Vis- 
 itor at Hudson, 1851-53, practiced law in 
 Summit County, and served as general re- 
 lief agent in the Sanitary Commission dur- 
 ing the Civil War. After the war he was 
 a deputy internal revenue collector and an 
 assistant geologist with the Geological Sur- 
 vey. He wrote a great many articles and re- 
 ports on scientific subjects. 
 Archaeology of Ohio, Cleveland, [1888]. 
 
 READ, OPIE POPE (Dec. 22, 1852-Nov. 2, 
 1939), author of many novels and humor- 
 ous books, born in Nashville, Tenn., was 
 in Cleveland from 1881 to 1883 while on 
 the staff of the Leader. He was best known 
 as the Arkansas Traveler. 
 
 READ, THOMAS BUCHANAN (March 12, 
 1822-May 11, 1872), artist and poet, was 
 born in Chester County, Pa. Apprenticed 
 to a tailor after his father died, he ran 
 away and went to Pittsburgh and then to 
 Cincinnati by flatboat in 1837. In Cincin- 
 nati he worked rolling cigars and painting 
 
 signs. He was hired by Shobal Vail Cleven- 
 ger to inscribe tombstones and through this 
 association learned the rudiments of sculp- 
 ture. He wrote verse for the Times and the 
 Chronicle and for a time wandered through 
 Ohio as an itinerant portrait painter. With 
 the assistance of Nicholas Longworth, he 
 established a studio in Cincinnati and at- 
 tracted considerable notice through a 
 painting of William Henry Harrison, but 
 in 1841 he returned East and opened a 
 studio in Boston. In 1846 he moved to 
 Philadelphia, and though he lived in Eu- 
 rope and in Cincinnati for brief periods, 
 Philadelphia remained his permanent resi- 
 dence for the remainder of his life. He 
 frequently visited Cincinnati as the guest 
 of his brother-in-law, Cyrus Garrett, a man- 
 ufacturer of plows. His most famous work, 
 "Sheridan's Ride," was written in Cincin- 
 nati on the afternoon of Oct. 31, 1864, and 
 was delivered that evening in Pike's Opera 
 House by James E. Murdoch (q.v.). He 
 was a prolific poet, publishing at least 
 twenty volumes, and his sentimental, mel- 
 odramatic verse was highly admired during 
 his lifetime. 
 
 REAM, LAURA (1828-1913), journalist, was 
 born in Lebanon, Warren County. Her par- 
 ents moved to Indianapolis, Ind., when she 
 was a child, and she spent her life in that 
 city. She was a correspondent for the Cin- 
 cinnati Daily Commercial. The book listed 
 below was apparently written as a piece of 
 railroad promotional literature. 
 History of a Trip to the Great Saginaw Val- 
 ley . . . , Indianapolis, 1871. 
 
 REAM, MICHAEL VALENTINE (Oct. 4, 
 
 1852-Feb. 17, 1935), lawyer and judge, 
 was born in Shanesville, Tuscarawas 
 County. After graduating from University 
 of Wooster in 1877, he read law and was 
 admitted to the bar in 1879. He practiced 
 in New Philadelphia and served as judge 
 of the probate court, 1902-06. Under the 
 pen name Valmaer he wrote a satire, Law- 
 yer's Code of Ethics . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 
 1901. 
 
 REBER, GEORGE (1809-May 18, 1875), 
 lawyer, was born in Lancaster, Fairfield 
 County. He settled in Sandusky in 1838 and 
 thereafter practiced law in that city. His 
 Therapeutae is described in a county his- 
 tory as a "book of an infidel nature." 
 Therapeutae. St. John Never in Asia Minor 
 
 . . . , [New York, 1872]. 
 The Christ of Paul . . . , New York, 1876. 
 
 RECK, WALDO EMERSON (Dec. 28, 1903- 
 ), was born in Gettysburg, Darke County. 
 
Reckless 
 
 518 
 
 He graduated from Wittenberg College in 
 1926, was director of public relations and 
 professor of journalism, Midland College, 
 1926-40, was director of public relations, 
 Cornell University, 1940-48, and has been 
 vice president of Wittenberg University since 
 1948. He has published Public Relations 
 . . . , New York, 1946. WW 30 
 
 RECKLESS, WALTER CADE (Jan. 19, 
 1899- ), sociologist, born in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa., has been on the faculty of Ohio 
 State University since 1940. He has pub- 
 lished sociology textbooks and Vice in Chi- 
 cago, Chicago, [1933]. WW 30 
 
 REDHEAD, ALICE CRAIG (July 30, 1896- 
 ), was born in Napoleon, Henry 
 County. She attended Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity. Her stories, poems, and articles 
 have appeared in numerous periodicals, and 
 she has published a long narrative poem: 
 The Last Battalion, Cincinnati, 1944. 
 
 REDINGER, RURY V. (April 3, 1915- ), 
 educator, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She graduated from Fenn College 
 in 1936 and Western Reserve University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1940. She taught English and 
 philosophy at Fenn College, 1941-51, and 
 is now on the faculty of Baldwin-Wallace 
 College. Besides articles and book reviews, 
 she has written a novel with a college 
 campus as its background: The Golden Net, 
 New York, [1948]. 
 
 REED, CHARLES ALFRED LEE (July 9, 
 1856-Aug. 28, 1928), physician and edu- 
 cator, born at Wolf Lake, Ind., spent the 
 greater part of his life in Cincinnati. After 
 graduating from Cincinnati College of Med- 
 icine and Surgery in 1874, he practiced in 
 Cincinnati and taught at Cincinnati College 
 of Medicine and Surgery, 1882-96, and the 
 University of Cincinnati, 1902-17. Besides 
 the sociological study and novel listed be- 
 low, his writings include many articles in 
 magazines and newspapers and several med- 
 ical books. 
 
 Christian Science . . . , Cincinnati, 1898. 
 The First Estate, Boston, 1927. 
 
 REED, FANNIE KIMBALL (1870-1950), 
 educator, was born in North Fairfield, Hu- 
 ron County. She studied music in France, 
 Italy, and Germany, and afterward taught 
 in the schools of Cleveland and Norwalk. 
 She died in North Fairfield. 
 A Chopin Nocturne, and Other Sketclies, 
 Cleveland, 1900. 
 
 REED, HENRY (Nov. 25, 1809-Aug. 21, 
 1892), journalist, was born in Sharon, 
 
 Conn. He worked on newspapers in Toledo 
 and other Ohio communities. After serving 
 on the Ohio State Journal and the Cincin- 
 nati Commercial, he and his brother Sam- 
 uel R. Reed founded the Cincinnati Penny 
 Post, a venture which proved unsuccessful. 
 During the Civil War he lectured and wrote 
 in favor of the toleration of slavery and 
 secession. He was on the staff of the Cincin- 
 nati Enquirer for a number of years before 
 retiring to San Francisco, Calif., where his 
 death occurred. 
 
 The Secession of the Whole South an Ex- 
 isting Fact .... [Cincinnati, 1861]. 
 For the People, the Public Debt: What to 
 Do with It, Cincinnati, [1868]. 
 
 REED, JAMES A. (Nov. 9, 1861-Sept. 8, 
 1944), U. S. Senator from Missouri, 191 1— 
 19, was born near Mansfield, Richland 
 County. In 1864 his parents moved to Iowa, 
 where he grew up. In 1887, after being ad- 
 mitted to the Iowa bar, he moved to Kan- 
 sas City, Mo., where he practiced law. He 
 published some addresses and The Rape of 
 Temperance, New York, 1931. WWW 2 
 
 REED, LUELLA (Sept. 24, 1895- ), was 
 born in Indiana but has lived in Dayton 
 since 1915. She has published a number of 
 short stories and a novel: Sari Bron, Bos- 
 ton, [1945]. 
 
 REED, ORVILLE SIBBITT (Oct. 17, 1843- 
 Sept. 27, 1924), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas 
 County. A graduate of McNeely Normal 
 School, Hopedale, he was a schoolteacher 
 and a Disciples of Christ minister in Penn- 
 sylvania, Indiana, and Colorado. He died 
 in Pueblo, Colo. His writings include Car- 
 taphilus; Or, the Wandering Jew . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1902. 
 
 REED, PETER FISHE (May 5, 1819-1887), 
 was born in South Boston, Mass. Left an 
 orphan at the age of nine, he became an 
 itinerant house and sign painter. He arrived 
 in Cincinnati about 1840 and apparently 
 resided there a longer time than anywhere 
 else. According to William H. Venable, he 
 was a "man of weird and delicate fancy, al- 
 most a genius, but lacking in will-power 
 and practical qualities — a painter, poet and 
 romancer [who] wrote for the Genius of 
 the West some impressive verses and sev- 
 eral pieces of remarkable insight and sub- 
 tlety." He wrote for the Cincinnati Weekly 
 Columbian in 1846 and 1847 under the pen 
 name Viva Mona. In the early 1850s he 
 went to Vernon, Ind., where he farmed for 
 several years; after losing his farm he 
 
519 
 
 Reese, L. W. 
 
 moved on to Indianapolis. He returned to 
 Cincinnati about 1864, went to Chicago in 
 1867, and then moved to Santa Barbara, 
 Calif., and finally to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 Incidents of the War; Or, the Romance 
 and Realities of Soldier Life, [Indianap- 
 olis, 1862]. 
 The Voices of the Wind, and Other Poems, 
 
 Chicago, 1868. 
 Beyond the Snow: History of Trim's Ad- 
 ventures in Nordlichtschein, Chicago, 
 1873. 
 
 REED, SARAH ANN (March 16, 1838-Jan. 
 27, 1934), was born in Ashtabula, Ashta- 
 bula County. She was educated in Erie, 
 Pa., and spent most of her life in that city, 
 where she will be long remembered for her 
 philanthropies. She published several books, 
 e.g., A Romance of Arlington House, Bos- 
 ton, [1908]. 
 
 REED, VERNER ZEVOLA (Oct. 13. 1863- 
 April 21, 1919), was born in Richland 
 County. He engaged in mining, oil, bank- 
 ing, and ranching in Colorado, Wyoming, 
 and other states. He made an intensive 
 study of American Indian myths and folk- 
 lore. He wrote numerous articles for peri- 
 odicals. 
 
 Lo-To-Kah, New York, 1897. 
 Tales of the Sunland, New York, 1897. 
 Adobeland Stories, Boston, 1899. 
 The Soul of Paris, and Other Essays, New 
 York, 1913. 
 
 REEDER, ALBERT (Feb. 27, 1839-March 
 9, 1920), was born and spent his life in 
 South Charleston, Clark County. He served 
 as justice of the peace in that community 
 for many years. He wrote Sketches of South 
 Charleston, Ohio . . . , [Columbus, 1910]. 
 
 REEDER, MYRTLE L. (Dec. 12, 1891- 
 ), was born in Oskaloosa, 111. She has 
 lived in Ohio for the past thirty years. Now 
 Mrs. Myrtle Troutt, she is active in Colum- 
 bus and Ohio poetry societies and has also 
 written a number of songs. Her poems have 
 appeared in Columbus newspapers and 
 other periodicals, and she has published a 
 collection: Hills of Clay, Columbus, [1942]. 
 
 REEDER, RUDOLPH REX (Jan. 5, 1859- 
 Oct. 13, 1934), social worker, was born in 
 Lebanon. Warren County. He graduated 
 from Illinois State Normal University in 
 1895 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 
 1900. He became superintendent of N. Y. 
 State Orphanage in 1900. He lectured on 
 educational topics and published books and 
 
 pamphlets on education, e.g., Training 
 Youth for the New Social Order, Yellow 
 Springs, 1933. WW 11 
 
 REEMELIN, CHARLES (Carl Gustav 
 Rumelin) (May 19, 1814-Jan. 16, 1891), 
 was born in the free city of Heilbronn, 
 Wiirttemberg, Germany, where he was 
 reared in the lingering bitterness of his peo- 
 ple against the despotic transfer of their old 
 free city to the kingdom of Wiirttemberg. 
 Though his father was a prosperous whole- 
 sale grocer, the boy's home life was an un- 
 happy one. He came to America in 1832. 
 arriving at Cincinnati the following year. 
 Here he was uncommonly prosperous in the 
 grocery business; within four years after his 
 arrival he had acquired the Volksblatt, and 
 in 1843 he retired from the grocery business 
 to his farm. He then began the study of law 
 and in 1848 was admitted to the bar. In 
 1844 he was elected to the lower house of 
 the General Assembly and in 1846 to the 
 Senate. He was a member of the Constitu- 
 tional Convention of 1850. Though a very 
 active Democrat, his early boyhood experi- 
 ences had made him too radical to become 
 a leader in his party. He served his state 
 with distinction in various appointive offices. 
 Tiring of politics he retired again to his 
 farm near Cincinnati, where he spent the 
 rest of his days contributing enlightening ar- 
 ticles to historical, agricultural, and other 
 periodicals. 
 
 Marie Dickore 
 The Vine-Dresser's Manual, an Illustrated 
 
 Treatise on Vineyards and Wine-Making, 
 
 New York. 1855. 
 Der Puritaner in China, Cincinnati, 1867. 
 The Wine-Maker's Manual, New York, 
 
 1868. 
 Treatise on Politics as a Science, Cincin- 
 nati, 1875. 
 A Critical Review of American Politics, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1881. 
 Historical Sketch of Greene Township, 
 
 Hamilton County . . . , Cincinnati, 1882. 
 Geschichtliche Skizze Eines Amerikan- 
 
 ischen Township, Cincinnati, 1887. 
 Life of Charles Reemelin, in German: Carl 
 
 Gustav Rumelin, from 1814-1892: Written 
 
 by Himself, Cincinnati, 1892. 
 
 REESE, LLOYD W. (June 20, 1897- ), 
 educator, was born in Vaughnsville, Put- 
 nam County. A graduate of Ohio Northern 
 University, he taught in Vaughnsville and 
 Gomer, was a school superintendent in 
 Fayette and Geauga Counties, and served 
 in the Ohio Department of Education and 
 the Veterans' Administration. He edited the 
 High School Teacher for ten years and 
 
Reese, M. 
 
 520 
 
 also wrote nearly a hundred radio plays. He 
 is now an educational advisor in Saigon. 
 His wife, Marie Reese (July 22, 1901-May 
 23, 1952), was born in Gomer, Allen 
 County, and also graduated from Ohio 
 Northern. They collaborated in writing The 
 Parade of the Presidents . . . , Columbus, 
 1940. 
 
 REESE, MARIE. See Lloyd W. Reese. 
 
 REEVE, JAMES KNAPP (May 19, 1856- 
 Oct. 25, 1933), publisher, was born in 
 Hancock, N. Y. He established a publish- 
 ing house at Franklin around 1892, and in 
 partnership with Seymour S. Tibbals (q.v.) 
 he founded The Editor there in 1895. Tib- 
 bals retired from the firm in 1900, and 
 Reeve later moved the publication to De- 
 posit, N. J. He was manager of the Outing 
 Publishing Company, 1904-09, and after- 
 ward lived in Franklin for the rest of his 
 life. Besides the titles below, he published 
 several textbooks and manuals for writers. 
 His daughter, Agnes Marie Reeve, con- 
 ducted a writers' service in Franklin for a 
 number of years and published a textbook 
 on short-story writing. 
 Vawder's Understudy . . . , New York, 
 
 1896. 
 The Three Ricliard Whalens: A Story of 
 Adventure, New York, 1897. 
 
 REEVE, SIDNEY ARMOR (March 27, 1866- 
 June 12, 1941), engineer, was born in Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. He graduated 
 from Sheffield Scientific School in 1885. 
 He was engaged in engineering, 1887-94, 
 and taught at Worcester Polytechnic Insti- 
 tute, 1896-1906. He was a consulting me- 
 chanical engineer in New York City from 
 1908 until his retirement in 1931. He wrote 
 a number of technical studies and other 
 books, e.g., The Natural Laws of Social 
 Convulsion, New York, [1933]. WWW 1 
 
 REEVES, MRS. AL. See Grace H. Sourek. 
 
 REEVES, ARTHUR MIDDLETON (Oct. 7, 
 1856-Feb. 25, 1891), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. After the Civil War 
 he attended the Friends Academy, Rich- 
 mond, Ind. After traveling extensively in 
 the United States and Europe, he learned 
 the printer's trade and established the Rich- 
 mond Palladium. After making a brilliant 
 scholastic record, he graduated from Cor- 
 nell University in 1878. He acquired an 
 excellent knowledge of several languages, 
 and especially directed his enthusiasm to 
 Norse. He translated various sagas and 
 stories from Old Norse. The preparation 
 
 and publication of The Finding of Wine- 
 land the Good was his outstanding achieve- 
 ment. 
 The Finding of Wineland the Good; The 
 
 History of the Icelandic Discovery of 
 
 America . . . , London, 1890. 
 Jan, a Short Story, Chicago, 1892. 
 
 REGESTER, SEELEY. Pseud. See Metta V. 
 F. Victor. 
 
 REICHERT, VICTOR EMANUEL (March 
 17, 1897- ), rabbi, born in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., taught English at the University of 
 Cincinnati, 1921-24, was ordained in 1926, 
 and has since been at Rockdale Avenue 
 Temple. Besides essays and books on the 
 Jewish religion, he has published The 
 Tower of David, and Other Poems, [Cincin- 
 nati, 1946]. WWMW 54 
 
 REID, ALEXANDER M. (April 20, 1827- 
 March 24, 1918), clergyman, was born in 
 Beaver County, Pa. He graduated from 
 Jefferson College in 1849, traveled in Eu- 
 rope, and was licensed as a Presbyterian 
 minister in 1857. In 1857 he became prin- 
 cipal of a Female Seminary founded by 
 Charles C. Beatty in Steubenville, and in 
 1866 he purchased the school. He supplied 
 numerous Presbyterian churches in the vi- 
 cinity of Steubenville, and a number of his 
 sermons were printed. 
 
 Biographical Sketch of Mrs. Hetty Eliza- 
 beth Beatty, New York, 1883. 
 
 REID, DOROTHY E. (Jan. 12, 1900- ), 
 was born in Bucyrus, Crawford County. 
 She graduated from Ohio State University 
 in 1925. In 1933 she married Herman A. 
 Miller, then a professor at Ohio State Uni- 
 versity. She has served as editor of Current 
 Events, national school newspaper, since 
 1932, and has written numerous booklets 
 used in schools. She now lives in Middle- 
 town, Conn. Her poems, which appeared in 
 various national magazines, were collected 
 in Coach into Pumpkin, New Haven, 
 [Conn.], 1925. 
 
 REID, HIRAM ALVIN (1834-1906), jour- 
 nalist, was born in New Lisbon, Columbi- 
 ana County. After working on newspapers 
 in various cities, he died in Pasadena, Calif. 
 Wild Fire. A Few Eccentric Poems . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1854. 
 
 REID, JAMES HALLECK (April 14, 1862- 
 May 22, 1920), father of the screen star 
 Wallace Reid, was born in Cedarville, 
 Greene County, and spent his boyhood 
 there and in Cincinnati, where his parents 
 
 
521 
 
 Remsburg 
 
 moved around 1872. He was a theatrical 
 producer, an actor in plays and motion pic- 
 tures, and a prolific playwright. He wrote a 
 number of melodramas in the 1880s and 
 1890s which apparently were not published. 
 One of his plays, The Night before Christ- 
 mas, has its setting in Cedarville. He is 
 said to have written more than 200 plays, 
 e.g., The Confession . . . , New York, 1921. 
 
 REID, THOMAS MAYNE (April 4. 1818- 
 Oct. 22, 1883), prolific writer of novels, 
 plays, and poetry, was born in Ballyroney. 
 Ireland. He served in the Mexican War, 
 and on leaving the army he lived with Donn 
 Piatt (q.v.) at Mac-o-chee. 1848^9. While 
 there, he wrote The Rifle Rangers, London, 
 1850. 
 
 REID, WHITELAW (Oct. 27, 1837-Dec. 15, 
 1912), journalist, was born near Xenia, 
 Greene County. After attending Xenia Acad- 
 emy, he graduated from Miami University 
 in 1856. He served for a year as superin- 
 tendent of schools in South Charleston and 
 edited the Xenia News for two years. In 
 1861 he was Columbus correspondent of 
 the Cincinnati Times, reporting the sessions 
 of the state legislature. As correspondent 
 of the Cincinnati Gazette, he wrote under 
 the pen name Agate and became nationally 
 known for the keenness with which he re- 
 ported both military and political events. 
 After the Civil War he made two tours of 
 the South, worked on his history of Ohio's 
 participation in the war, and served briefly 
 as city editor of the Cincinnati Gazette. In 
 1868 he joined the staff of the New York 
 Tribune, became managing editor, and was 
 generally recognized as Horace Greeley's 
 second-in-command. After Greeley's death 
 in 1872, he was chosen editor-in-chief. He 
 built the Tribune into one of the most in- 
 fluential newspapers in the country. He was 
 candidate for vice-president on the unsuc- 
 cessful Republican ticket in 1892, and in 
 1905 he was appointed ambassador to the 
 Court of St. James. He died in London. 
 Numerous separate speeches were published 
 in addition to the titles below. 
 
 After the War: A Southern Tour . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1866. 
 
 Ohio in the War . . . , 2 vols., Cincinnati, 
 1868. 
 
 Horace Greeley, New York, 1879. 
 
 Problems of Expansion, as Considered in 
 Papers and Addresses, New York, 1900. 
 
 How the United States Faced Its Educa- 
 tional Problem, London, 1906. 
 
 The Rise of the United States, London, 
 1906. 
 
 London Commemorations . . . , London, 
 
 1909. 
 The Scot in America and the Ulster Scot 
 
 . . . , London, 1912. 
 American and English Studies . . . , 2 vols., 
 
 New York, 1913. 
 
 REIGHARD, FRANK H. (Oct. 8, 1867- 
 ), was born near Delta, Fulton 
 County. He graduated from Fayette Nor- 
 mal School in 1887 and Ohio Northern 
 University in 1892. He taught school, 
 served several terms in the state legislature, 
 and published a newspaper in Wauseon, 
 where he now lives. He also wrote and 
 edited A Standard History of Fulton 
 County . . . , 2 vols., Chicago, 1920. 
 
 REIMMUND, HUGO. Pseud. See Heinrich A. 
 Rattermann. 
 
 REINI, GRACE. Pseud. See Grace M. R. 
 Finlayson. 
 
 REISENDEN. Pseud. See William E. Hatha- 
 way. 
 
 REISER, OLIVER LESLIE (Nov. 15, 1895- 
 ), educator, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. A graduate of Ohio State 
 University (A.B., 1921; Ph.D., 1924), he has 
 taught philosophy at the University of Pitts- 
 burgh since 1926. He has published a num- 
 ber of articles and books, most of them 
 treating the relationships between philos- 
 ophy and science, e.g., A New Earth and 
 a New Humanity, New York, 1942. WW 30 
 
 REMENYI, JOSEPH (Dec. 1, 1892-Sept. 25, 
 1956), educator, born in Pozsony, Hungary, 
 came to America in 1914, and was on the 
 faculty of Western Reserve University from 
 1929 until his death. He published many 
 critical and literary essays in Hungarian 
 and English, e.g., Hungarian Literature, 
 [Washington, 1946?]. WWMW 49 
 
 REMPEL, RUTH FOGLE WOOSTER (Mrs. 
 Dietrich G.), a lifelong resident of Summit 
 County, is a graduate of Akron Law 
 School, an artist, and a musician. Wife of an 
 Akron toy manufacturer, she has published 
 a book for children: Deegie and the Fairy- 
 Princess, Akron, 1949. 
 
 REMSBURG, JOHN ELEAZER (Jan. 7, 
 1848-Sept. 23, 1919), reformer, was born 
 in Fremont, Sandusky County. Toward the 
 end of the Civil War he served a few 
 months in the army and then taught school 
 for fifteen years. He became one of the 
 more successful lecturers who capitalized 
 
Renick, M. L. 
 
 522 
 
 on the vogue of iconoclastic ideas between 
 1880 and 1910. His books were of a most 
 ephemeral character and were produced 
 to sell to his enthusiastic audiences of "free 
 thinkers." No doubt many have escaped 
 cataloguers. He died in California. 
 Thomas Paine, the Apostle of Religious 
 
 and Political Liberty, Boston, 1880. 
 The Image Breaker, [New York], 1882. 
 Paine and Wesley, Atchison, Kan., 1882. 
 False Claims of the Church, New York, 
 
 [1883]. 
 Bible Morals. Twenty Crimes and Vices 
 
 Sanctioned by Scripture . . . , New York, 
 
 [1885]. 
 Sabbath Breaking, New York, [1885]. 
 The Fathers of Our Republic . . . , Boston, 
 
 1887. 
 Abraham Lincoln: Was He a Christian?, 
 
 New York, [1893]. 
 Was Washington Christian?, New York, 
 
 [1899]. 
 The Decline of Faith, New York, [18- ?]. 
 Protestant Intolerance, New York, [18- ?]. 
 Jefferson an Unbeliever, New York, 
 
 [1900?]. 
 The Bible, New York, [1903]. 
 Six Historic Americans . . . , New York, 
 
 [1906]. 
 Chicago Belle, New York, 1907. 
 The Christ, New York, 1909. 
 The Creed of Christ, [New York, 1910?]. 
 Exempting the Churches, New York, 1916. 
 Piety and the Slave Trade, [New York, 
 
 191-?]. 
 
 RENICK, MARION LEWIS (1905- ), was 
 born in Springfield, Clark County. She 
 graduated from Wittenberg College in 
 1926. She edited My Weekly Reader, 1945- 
 51, and in 1951 joined the Ohio School of 
 the Air as a script supervisor and broad- 
 caster. She also teaches radio writing at 
 Ohio State University. She has written at 
 least twenty books for children, most of 
 them related to athletics, e.g., Tommy Car- 
 ries the Ball, New York, [1940], and Cham- 
 pion Caddy, New York, 1943. 
 
 RENICK, WILLIAM (Nov. 12, 1804-May 
 17, 1881), was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County. His family were the founders of 
 the beef-cattle industry in the United States. 
 In 1804-05 his father, George, was the 
 first to drive a herd of fat cattle over the 
 Alleghenies to the Eastern market. In 1833 
 the Renicks organized a group of men in 
 Ohio and Kentucky to buy from England 
 the best of the improved cattle of that 
 country. In 1853 William bought the first 
 drove of cattle to be driven north from 
 Texas. Although his Memoirs contains 
 
 some fine articles on Ohio history, the 
 book is especially valuable as a basic source 
 on the history of the cattle trade in Amer- 
 ica. 
 
 Memoirs, Correspondence and Reminis- 
 cences . . . , Circleville, 1880. 
 
 RENNELSON, CLARA H. MORSE (Jan. 15, 
 1845-?), was born in Norwalk, Huron 
 County. After marrying Rev. W. H. Ren- 
 nelson, she lived in Brooklyn, N. Y. No 
 other biographical details have been dis- 
 covered. 
 
 Social Heroism, Toronto, 1878. 
 Kinsman All. A Storv for Youth and Age, 
 Philadelphia, [1899]. 
 
 RENNICK, SUSAN (July 14, 1845-Oct. 26, 
 1927), educator, was born in Liverpool, 
 England, but her parents brought her to 
 Cincinnati when she was four years old, 
 and she spent her life in that city. She 
 taught in the city schools for 55 years. She 
 published a book of inspirational biogra- 
 phies: Buckeye Boys Who Have Become 
 Presidents, Chicago, [1911]. 
 
 RENNIE, YSABEL FISK (Mrs. Robert A.) 
 (May 9, 1918- ), born in Los Angeles, has 
 lived in Columbus for about twelve years. 
 Since moving to Ohio, she has written a 
 novel about copper mining, The Blue Chip; 
 earlier, she published a history of modern 
 Argentina: The Argentine Republic, New 
 York, 1945. WW AW 1 
 
 RENWOOD, BARRY. Pseud. See Marshall 
 R. Hall. 
 
 RESTON, JAMES BARRETT (Nov. 3, 
 1909- ), journalist, was born in Clyde- 
 bank, Scotland. His family came to Dayton 
 when he was a year old, but returned to 
 Britain because of illness in the family. In 
 1920 they returned to Dayton, where he 
 graduated from Oakwood High School in 
 1927. In his senior year he won the Ohio 
 State high school golf championship. After 
 graduating from the University of Illinois 
 in 1932, he was sports editor of the Spring- 
 field News, 1932-33, publicity agent for 
 Ohio State University Athletic Association, 
 1933-34, and publicity director for the Cin- 
 cinnati Reds, 1934. In 1934 he joined the 
 Associated Press and in 1939 the staff of 
 the New York Times. In 1941 he joined 
 the Times Washington Bureau and has 
 served as its chief since 1953. He has been 
 awarded Pulitzer Prizes for journalism in 
 1945 and in 1957. Four years (1937^1) 
 in England furnished the background for 
 his first book: Prelude to Victory, New 
 York, 1942. WW 30 
 
523 
 
 Reynolds, J. N. 
 
 RETTIG, JOHN (Sept. 5, 1858-May 1, 
 1932), artist, was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County. He attended Cincinnati 
 schools and St. Joseph College. As a young 
 man he painted the drop curtain for the 
 opera house, then the largest curtain in 
 use in the world. In 1886 he staged the 
 first of the outdoor spectacles which made 
 him known in his native city: The Fall of 
 Babylon. He wrote and designed a number 
 of other pageants, most of them sponsored 
 by the Order of the Cincinnati. His wife, 
 May Milligan Rettig, also an artist, helped 
 compile data for the spectacles. In 1906 Ret- 
 tig went to Holland, where he remained for 
 several years and where his most successful 
 paintings were produced. At the time of 
 his death in Cincinnati, his pageant in 
 honor of St. Anthony of Padua and St. 
 Elizabeth of Hungary was in progress at 
 Music Hall. 
 
 The Fall of Babylon . . . , [Cincinnati], 
 1887. 
 
 Rome under Nero . . . , Cincinnati, 1887. 
 
 "Rhodopis." A Spectacular Play . . . , [Cin- 
 cinnati, 1888]. 
 
 Moses; Or, the Bondage of Egypt . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1890. 
 
 The Sublime, Historical Bible Spectacle, 
 the Fall of Nineveh . . . , [Buffalo], 
 1892. 
 
 REVERE, PAUL A. (Sept. 25, 1872-Nov. 23, 
 1951), was born in New Hampshire. A 
 resident of Cleveland before and after the 
 Spanish-American War, he served in the 
 10th O.V.I, from July, 1898, to March, 
 1899. He was a journalist after his military 
 service, and at the time of his death in 
 Gloucester, Mass., was an antique dealer. 
 Boys of '98. A History of the Tenth Regi- 
 ment . . . , [Augusta, Ga.], 1899. 
 Cleveland in the War with Spain, Cleve- 
 land, 1900. 
 
 REX, NEPTUNE. Pseud. See John J. Makin. 
 
 REYNOLDS, BARBARA LEONARD (June 
 12, 1915- ), was born in Milwaukee, Wis., 
 but from 1943 to 1951 lived in Yellow 
 Springs, where her husband, Earle L. Rey- 
 nolds, was associated with Fels Institute. 
 She now lives in Hawaii. She has published 
 numerous magazine articles and a mystery 
 novel laid in Glen Falls, an imaginary town 
 near Dayton: Alias for Death, New York, 
 [1950]. 
 
 REYNOLDS, JEREMIAH N. (1799-1858), 
 was born in Cumberland County, Pa. He 
 escaped greatness and permanent fame only 
 by a very narrow margin. He knew the 
 
 leading American statesmen of his time, in- 
 cluding the Presidents, and was an intimate 
 of the one man besides Christopher Colum- 
 bus who is recognized as the discoverer of 
 a new continent. "He has written much, and 
 well," said Edgar Allan Poe, who paid him 
 a further compliment by using Reynolds' 
 writing as a source for his own. His story 
 of a legendary white whale, Mocha Dick, 
 was undoubtedly known to Herman Mel- 
 ville. For years his name made news, and 
 even his enemies conceded that he was the 
 man most directly responsible for the great 
 United States Exploring Expedition of 
 1838—42. He was a successful lecturer on 
 the hollow earth theory of John Cleves 
 Symmes (q.v.), on the desirability of ex- 
 ploration in the South Seas, and on the in- 
 fallibility of the Whig Party. He was an 
 adventurer, too, with a stirring but un- 
 verified record of melodramatic action 
 within the Arctic Circle and in the territory 
 of the Araucanian Indians. He accompanied 
 his mother and stepfather, Job Jefferis, to 
 Clinton County in 1808. He later wrote of 
 himself, in his boyhood, as a "dweller in 
 the western forests," where he was forced 
 to be "self-relying." Attired in leather 
 breeches and a linsey wamus, he worked 
 his way through the subscription schools 
 taught by Robert Way and then became a 
 teacher himself. He attended Ohio Univer- 
 sity with Robert Way in 1819, and the fol- 
 lowing year taught school at the old Court 
 House in Wilmington. He again entered 
 Ohio University, but found it necessary to 
 leave before his course of study was com- 
 pleted. He arranged to continue his studies, 
 however, with Francis Glass (q.v.). In 1824 
 Reynolds became editor of the Wilmington 
 Spectator. But a voice, which proclaimed 
 "To All the World! I declare the earth is 
 hollow and habitable within," lured him 
 away from his newspaper. He joined Cap- 
 tain John Cleves Symmes as a lecturer, first 
 in Ohio, then in Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, 
 Baltimore, and other cities. In 1826, when 
 the New York Mirror first published two 
 articles by Reynolds on the "Symmes' 
 Hole" theory, the editor took an unusual 
 interest in the young author, who described 
 himself as "a youth in years, a child in 
 science." The writing was found to be 
 "always interesting, and sometimes elo- 
 quent," and a great career was predicted 
 for Reynolds in the exploration of new- 
 ideas. Even while lecturing on the theory, 
 Reynolds found himself in disagreement 
 with some of its aspects, and quite outgrew 
 it as a greater concept began to form itself 
 in his mind. As early as 1822 Symmes had 
 petitioned Congress for an expedition to 
 
Reynolds, J. N. 
 
 524 
 
 demonstrate his theory. Reynolds now 
 began to urge that an expedition be sent to 
 chart all of the lands that could be found in 
 the South Seas and to make a scientific 
 study of them. In June, 1828, he was ap- 
 pointed by the Secretary of the Navy to 
 collect information for the use of such an 
 expedition. Three months later he turned 
 in his report, based on interviews with sea 
 captains who had sailed the southern 
 waters, together with an examination of 
 their logbooks, charts, and journals. It was 
 not published until 1835, when the explor- 
 ing expedition was again under considera- 
 tion by Congress. Meanwhile, the Secretary 
 of the Navy completed preparations for an 
 expedition to be made in 1829. It was can- 
 celed on the grounds of economy when 
 Andrew Jackson took office in March of 
 that year. But Reynolds' report was full of 
 the most tantalizing entries about islands 
 uncharted and uncertain. Since it was one 
 of the most enticing invitations to explora- 
 tion ever compiled, it is not surprising that 
 its author was unwilling to give up the 
 idea of sailing south of the Cape. He ap- 
 proached the captains he had interviewed 
 for his report, and at length a private ex- 
 pedition was organized. Reynolds sailed as 
 a scientist with Captain Nathaniel B. 
 Palmer, who had already made the voyage 
 by which he was later to be given honor 
 as the true discoverer of the continent of 
 Antarctica. On the voyage the ships engaged 
 in sealing, but the rumored lands to the 
 west were not found, and no opportunity 
 came to sail for the pole. Explorations were 
 made in Patagonia, Staten Land, the Shet- 
 lands, and in empty Antarctic seas. An 
 outbreak of scurvy forced them back to 
 Chile, where Reynolds and Captain Palmer 
 made plans to sail for the North Pole. 
 Desertions among the crew became so 
 numerous at this news that Palmer left 
 Reynolds in Chile and returned to the 
 United States with his cargo. Reynolds, dis- 
 appointed because his voyage had fallen 
 short of expectations, devoted his restless 
 energies to the exploration of Chile and the 
 territories to the south. He was at Val- 
 paraiso in Oct., 1832, when the U. S. 
 frigate Potomac entered the harbor. The 
 Potomac, under Commodore John Downes, 
 had sailed from New York Aug. 26, 1831, 
 on a punitive expedition against the natives 
 on the coast of Sumatra, and had then 
 visited Java, China, and various Pacific is- 
 lands. Reynolds was taken aboard as secre- 
 tary to the Commodore, and spent the next 
 year and a half with the frigate as it moved 
 along the coast of South America. He was 
 asked to write a history of the long voy- 
 
 age, which was published in 1835 as Voyage 
 of the United States Frigate Potomac. The 
 introduction and first chapter were published 
 separately in 1834. The section on Peru was 
 so highly considered in that country that it 
 was translated into Spanish and published 
 there. After his book was successfully 
 launched, Reynolds again turned his efforts 
 to a national exploring expedition. He had 
 become a master of the literature of explora- 
 tion, and his own voyages had given proof 
 that too little was known about the waters in 
 which America had a vital interest. The Ohio 
 delegation to Congress gave its full support 
 to the expedition, which was significant since 
 it was popularly believed that only states 
 along the coast would be benefited. 
 Through their spokesman, Thomas L. 
 Hamer, they also urged that Reynolds be 
 given a suitable appointment in the enter- 
 prise. It was Reynolds' own speech, how- 
 ever, delivered from the rostrum of the 
 House of Representatives, which led di- 
 rectly to the passage of an act authorizing 
 the expedition. His many writings on the 
 subject, first published by the newspaper 
 press, were later collected into several vol- 
 umes, while his Congressional speech, pub- 
 lished as part of a 300-page book, was en- 
 thusiastically reviewed by Poe in the 
 Southern Literary Messenger. A long delay, 
 however, followed the official authorization, 
 and the cool clarity of scientific exposition, 
 notable in most of Reynolds' work, gave 
 way to acid pamphleteering. When the ex- 
 ploring expedition, with its corps of scien- 
 tists, sailed without him, something went 
 out of his life which was never replaced. 
 Friends rallied to his support, and Poe 
 wrote of "his great and laudable exertions 
 to get up the American South Polar expedi- 
 tion, from a personal participation in which 
 he was most shamefully excluded." The 
 New York Times said that "he has served 
 his country and the cause of science and 
 humanity nobly." Reynolds' position was 
 further reinforced by the fact that Thomas 
 ap Catesby Jones also ran into strong inter- 
 ference, and resigned his appointment as 
 commander of the expedition. In 1839, 
 while living at the Astor House in New 
 York, Reynolds attracted large audiences 
 with political lectures delivered at National 
 Hall. In the following year he toured 
 Connecticut, giving a series of campaign ad- 
 dresses. On May 1, 1841, he became a 
 member of the law firm of Dutcher, Rey- 
 nolds & Piatt, with offices in Wall Street. 
 He became a successful lawyer, his specialty 
 being maritime law. He was in Ohio in 
 1843, where he lectured on the Indian prob- 
 lem. In 1848 he organized a stock com- 
 
525 
 
 Rhodes, J. F. 
 
 pany for mining in Mexico, and served as 
 its president. But his health had failed, and 
 he died in 1858. He was buried in New 
 York. A full account of Reynolds' per- 
 sonal adventures during his absence from 
 this country. 1829-34. never appeared. 
 In 1835 he promised that the particulars of 
 his voyage with Captain Palmer, as well 
 as a narrative of his subsequent travels by 
 land through Chile and the Araucanian and 
 Indian territories, would be given to the 
 public. Certain parts appeared in such 
 periodicals as the Knickerbocker, New York 
 Mirror, Southern Literary Messenger, and 
 the New Yorker (1838^43). They carry 
 the narrative of his adventures and explora- 
 tions to the Shetlands, Staten Land, South 
 America, and Mocha, where the white 
 whale story was unfolded. "Mocha Dick" was 
 first printed in the Knickerbocker, May, 
 1839, and reprinted at London in the fol- 
 lowing year as a part of "The Romancist 
 and Novelists Library." Its first separate 
 publication was in the form of a British 
 penny dreadful. The complete manuscript 
 of the journal was last heard of in Sept., 
 1843, when Reynolds wrote to the Southern 
 Literary Messenger that all of his papers, 
 long untouched, were still in his desk. His 
 interests had changed, and he was now 
 "wedded to the law." The letter accom- 
 panied a long piece called "Rough Notes 
 of Rough Adventures," which appeared in 
 the Dec, 1843, issue of the Messenger. It 
 marked his last contribution to a literary 
 periodical, although there are indications 
 that newspapers of a later date carried some 
 work from his pen. Since some of his 
 earlier writings appeared under the pseu- 
 donyms of "Citizen" and "Citizen of the 
 United States," it is possible that other 
 works, unsigned or pseudonymous, will 
 eventually be recognized. It is a striking 
 thing about Reynolds that as each new fact 
 about him is uncovered, his stature grows 
 and his career takes on new interest. 
 
 Gerald D. McDonald 
 
 Remarks on a Review of Symnies' Theory 
 . . . , Washington, D. C, 1827. 
 
 Explore the Southern Polar Regions . . . , 
 Washington. D. C, 1828. 
 
 Voyage of the United States Frigate Poto- 
 mac . . . , New York. 1835. 
 
 Pacific Ocean and South Seas . . . , [Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1835], 
 
 Address on the Subject of a Surveying and 
 Exploring Expedition to the Pacific Ocean 
 . . . , New York, 1836. 
 
 Exploring Expedition. Correspondence be- 
 tween J. N. Reynolds and the Hon. Mah- 
 lon Dickerson . . . , [New York. 1838?]. 
 
 Pacific and Indian Oceans . . . , New York, 
 
 1841. 
 Sketches of the Country on the Northern 
 
 Route from Belleville Illinois to the City 
 
 of New York . . . , Belleville, 1854. 
 Mocha Dick; Or, the White Whale of the 
 
 Pacific . . . , London, [1870]. 
 
 RHODES, CHARLES DUDLEY (Feb. 10, 
 1865-1 an. 24, 1948), army officer, brother 
 of Daisy Rhodes Campbell (q.v.), was born 
 in Delaware. Delaware County. He gradu- 
 ated from Columbian University in 1885 
 and the U. S. Military Academy in 1889. He 
 served in the Army until his retirement as 
 a major general in 1929. He saw action in 
 Cuba and the Philippine Islands during the 
 Spanish-American War and in France dur- 
 ing World War I. 
 
 History of the Cavalry of the Army of the 
 Potomac . . . , Kansas City, Mo., 1900. 
 Robert E. Lee, the West Pointer, [Rich- 
 mond, 1932], 
 
 RHODES, DUDLEY WARD (Feb. 25, 1849- 
 Aug. 3, 1925), clergyman, was born in 
 Marietta, Washington County. He attended 
 Marietta College for three years and was 
 graduated from Cornell University in 1869 
 and Philadelphia Divinity School in 1873. 
 He was rector of St. Paul's Episcopal 
 Church, Cincinnati, 1874-76, helped found 
 and served as first rector of Church of Our 
 Saviour, Mount Auburn, served a church 
 in St. Paul. Minn., 1896-1901, and returned 
 to Church of Our Saviour, where he served 
 until his retirement in 1908. 
 Creed and Greed, Eight Lectures, Cincin- 
 nati. 1879. 
 
 RHODES, HARRISON GARFIELD (June 3, 
 1871-Sept. 21. 1929), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. After attending 
 Western Reserve University for one year, 
 he transferred to Harvard University, where 
 he graduated in 1892. He died in Hereford, 
 England, where he had lived at intervals 
 and worked as business agent of various 
 American magazines. He wrote the stage 
 version of Ruggles of Red Gap, a number 
 of guide books, e.g., In Vacation America, 
 New York. [1915], and considerable fiction, 
 e.g., High Life, and Other Stories, New 
 York, 1920. WWW 1 
 
 RHODES, JAMES FORD (May 1, 1848- 
 Jan. 22. 1927), historian, was born in 
 Cleveland. Cuyahoga County, a descendant 
 of the New England families that pioneered 
 in the Western Reserve. He was the second 
 son of Daniel P. Rhodes and was reared in 
 a comfortable bourgeois environment. He 
 
Rice, A. E. 
 
 526 
 
 attended Cleveland public schools, studied 
 briefly at the University of the City of 
 New York and the University of Chicago, 
 and climaxed his education with a year of 
 study and travel in Europe. His early intel- 
 lectual interests centered about history and 
 philosophy, and for a time he dreamed of 
 becoming a journalist or a literary man. 
 Ultimately, however, he decided to join his 
 father in the coal and iron business, and in 
 1874 he was made a partner in the firm of 
 Rhodes & Company. Rhodes built a com- 
 fortable personal fortune within a decade, 
 and in 1885 he retired from business to de- 
 vote his energies to the historical profession. 
 Beginning with a program of wide reading, 
 he gave special attention to the masterpieces 
 of historical literature in order to learn 
 historiographical techniques. In 1885-86 
 he marked his professional apprenticeship 
 by publishing several articles and reviews 
 in the Magazine of Western History, and 
 the next year he began research for his 
 monumental History of the United States 
 from the Compromise of 1850. With the 
 publication and favorable reception of the 
 first two volumes of this work in 1893, 
 Rhodes emerged as an important historian. 
 Five subsequent volumes (III, 1895; IV, 
 1899; V, 1904; VI and VII, 1906) served 
 to enhance the author's fame. Over a dec- 
 ade later, he published two volumes deal- 
 ing with contemporary history: History of 
 the United States from Hayes to McKinley 
 (1919) and The McKinley and Roosevelt 
 Administrations (1922). The nine volumes 
 were published as a unit in 1928. Of 
 Rhodes' other published writings, the most 
 noteworthy are Historical Essaxs (1909) 
 and The History of the Civil War (1917). 
 Rhodes' fame rests chiefly on his seven 
 volumes devoted to the era 1850—77. To 
 the formidable task of synthesizing two dec- 
 ades of sectional controversy, he brought 
 great industry in research and remarkable 
 skill in handling a vast bulk of data. He 
 made extensive use of newspaper files and 
 governmental documents, recognized the 
 need for careful digestion of source ma- 
 terials, and displayed a forthright candor 
 in the presentation of his ideas. Though 
 his literary style was not brilliant. Rhodes 
 marshaled his facts with clarity, coherence, 
 and drama. The result was a sweeping epic 
 of the rise and fall of the slave power and 
 a classic depiction of the titanic dimensions 
 of the great sectional crisis. Rhodes sub- 
 ordinated the complex aspects of American 
 development to the central theme of the 
 struggle over slavery, and his presentation 
 reflected a moralistic, pro-Northern per- 
 spective. Admittedly a narrator rather than 
 
 an analytical interpreter. Rhodes placed 
 greatest stress upon political developments. 
 But politics to him meant essentially a clash 
 between rival leaders, and all too often he 
 failed to penetrate to the broader environ- 
 mental causes involved in political issues. 
 Moreover, Rhodes' history was weakened 
 by important and paradoxical omissions. 
 Recognizing the importance of social and 
 economic determinants, he nevertheless 
 gave them scant consideration in his narra- 
 tives. Similarly, appreciative of the signifi- 
 cance of sectionalism in nineteenth-century 
 America, he did not balance his compre- 
 hension of Northern conditions with a 
 corresponding knowledge of Southern and 
 Western development. Rhodes was sympa- 
 thetic with the contemporary pattern of 
 Republican and industrial predominance, 
 and he allowed his personal viewpoint to 
 dominate his presentation of American his- 
 tory. Although many of Rhodes' judgments 
 have been revised and many of his omis- 
 sions have been illuminated, his pioneering 
 synthesis of the sectional controversy still 
 stands as a major historiographical land- 
 mark. In the context of the age in which 
 he wrote — with its limitations on perspec- 
 tive and accessible materials — he was a 
 truly notable historian. Contemporary stu- 
 dents still read his volumes with profit, and 
 professional scholars still use his works as 
 a point of departure for their researches. 
 In 1891 Rhodes moved from Ohio to live 
 in Massachusetts. He was elected to mem- 
 bership in the Massachusetts Historical So- 
 ciety in 1895, and was named president 
 of the American Historical Association in 
 1898. He died at Brookline, Mass. 
 
 Roman J. Zorn 
 History of the United States from the 
 Compromise of 1850, 7 vols., New York, 
 1893-1906. 
 Historical Essays, New York. 1909. 
 Lectures on the American Civil War . . . , 
 
 New York, 1913. 
 History of the Civil War . . . , New York, 
 
 1917. 
 History of the United States from Haves 
 to McKinley, 1877-1896, New York, 
 1919. 
 Commemorative Tribute to Barrett Wen- 
 dell. [New York], 1922. 
 The McKinley and Roosevelt Administra- 
 tions, 1897-1909, New York, 1922. 
 Commemorative Tribute to William Roscoe 
 Thayer, New York, 1924. 
 
 RICE, AUGUSTUS EPHRAIM (Nov. 26, 
 1847-March 15, 1909). banker, was born 
 in Elmore, Ottawa County. He settled in 
 Fremont in 1865 and began working as an 
 
 
527 
 
 Richards, J. T. 
 
 errand boy at First National Bank. He was 
 later first cashier of Fremont Savings Bank, 
 and in 1888 he organized Croghan Bank, of 
 which he was president until his death. 
 Small Talk about Business, Fremont, 1892. 
 Postal Savings Banks. Their Evil Effects 
 
 upon the Country, [Fremont, 1898]. 
 Practical Bank Advertising . . . , Fremont, 
 
 1900. 
 
 RICE, HARRY E. (Jan. 20, 1869-March 28, 
 1940), journalist, was born in South 
 Vienna, Clark County. He worked on sev- 
 eral Springfield newspapers and finally 
 joined the Springfield Democrat in 1888. 
 He later acquired ownership of this paper, 
 which he sold to James M. Cox in 1905. 
 In 1906 he bought the Xenia Herald and 
 Democrat-News. He served as postmaster 
 of Xenia from 1916 to 1924. Besides his 
 journalistic writing, he published a fanci- 
 ful novel: Eve and the Evangelist; A Ro- 
 mance of A.D. 2108, Boston, [1908]. 
 
 RICE, HARVEY (June 11, 1800-Nov. 7, 
 1891), lawyer and journalist, was born in 
 Conway, Mass. After graduating from Wil- 
 liams College in 1824, he came to Cleve- 
 land, where he opened a school and studied 
 law. He was admitted to the bar and began 
 practice in 1826. He served for a year as 
 editor of the Independent News-Letter, 
 which he bought in 1828 and which later 
 became the Cleveland Plain Dealer. He 
 served a term in the legislature and was 
 clerk of the court of common pleas, Cleve- 
 land, 1833-34. In 1851 he was elected to 
 the state senate. For years educational 
 leaders had been advocating educational re- 
 form in Ohio; consulting with all concerned, 
 Rice drafted the new school law, which was 
 passed against stout opposition and which 
 brought him state-wide recognition. He was 
 a prolific contributor to magazines. 
 Mount Vernon, and Other Poems, Cleve- 
 land, 1858. 
 Letters from the Pacific Slope . . . , New 
 
 York, 1870. 
 Nature and Culture, Boston, 1875. 
 Select Poems, Boston, 1878. 
 Incidents of Pioneer Life in the Early 
 Settlement of the Connecticut Western 
 Reserve, Cleveland, 1881. 
 Sketches of Western Life, Cleveland, 1887. 
 The Founder of the City of Cleveland and 
 Other Sketches, Boston, 1892. 
 
 RICE, NATHAN LEWIS (Dec. 29, 1807- 
 June 11, 1877), clergyman, born in Gar- 
 rard County, Ky., was pastor of Central 
 Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati, 1845-53. 
 Author of numerous polemical works, he 
 
 engaged in a four-day debate in Oct., 1845, 
 with Jonathan Blanchard (q.v.) on the sub- 
 ject of slavery, a report of which was pub- 
 lished in 1846. He also wrote Phrenology 
 Examined . . . , New York, 1849. 
 
 RICE, ROSELLA (Aug. 11, 1827-1888), was 
 born in Perrysville, Ashland County. She 
 wrote articles, stories, and poems for a va- 
 riety of newspapers and magazines, includ- 
 ing Godey's Lady's Book and Home Maga- 
 zine. Some of her magazine fiction was 
 published under the pen names Chatty 
 Brooks and Pipsissiway Potts. 
 Mabel: Or, Heart Histories, Columbus, 
 1858. 
 
 RICE, WILLIAM HENRY (Sept. 8, 1840- 
 Jan. 10, 1911), clergyman, born in Bethle- 
 hem, Pa., was minister of the Moravian 
 church, Gnadenhutton, Tuscarawas County, 
 1897-1909. He returned to his native town 
 in Pennsylvania before his death. He wrote 
 David Zeisberger and His Brown Brethren, 
 Bethlehem, Pa., 1897. 
 
 RICH, SISTER MARY PAULA (1863-?), 
 was born in Boston, Mass. After becoming 
 a Roman Catholic nun, she taught in Ham- 
 ilton County for more than thirty years. 
 She wrote several devotional books, e.g., 
 The Virgin-Mother, New York, 1934. 
 CWW 7 
 
 RICHARD, JAMES WILLIAM (Feb. 14, 
 1843-March 7, 1909), Lutheran theologian, 
 born near Winchester, Va., taught at Wit- 
 tenberg College, 1885-88. He wrote a great 
 many articles and reviews, a history of 
 Lutheranism, and a biography: Philip Mel- 
 anchthon . . . , New York, 1898. 
 
 RICHARDS, CLARICE ESTERBROOK 
 
 (1875- ), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. She attended Bradford 
 Academy, Mass., and in 1900 married Jar- 
 vis Richards. They bought a ranch in 
 eastern Colorado, and her life there fur- 
 nished material for a book: A Tenderfoot 
 Bride; Tales from an Old Ranch, New 
 York, [1920]. 
 
 RICHARDS, JAMES AUSTIN (March 27, 
 1878- ), clergyman, born in Andover, 
 Mass., was pastor of First Church, Oberlin, 
 1928-42. He now lives in Lakeland, Fla. He 
 has published numerous articles and two 
 devotional books, e.g.. The Sufficiency of 
 Jesus, New York, [1927]. WW 24 
 
 RICHARDS, JOHN THOMAS (Oct. 13, 
 1851-July 19, 1942), lawyer, born in Iron- 
 
Richards, J. H. C. 
 
 528 
 
 ton, Lawrence County, was reared on a 
 farm in Kane County, 111. After being ad- 
 mitted to the Illinois bar, he practiced in 
 Chicago. He wrote Abraham Lincoln, the 
 Lawyer-Statesman, Boston, 1916. WWW 2 
 
 RICHARDS, JOSEPH HAVENS COWLES 
 
 (Nov. 8, 1851-June 9, 1923), clergyman 
 and educator, was born in Columbus, Frank- 
 lin County. He was received into the Society 
 of Jesus in 1872, was associated with various 
 Catholic schools as teacher or administrator, 
 including ten years as president of George- 
 town College, 1888-98, and was also affili- 
 ated with Catholic organizations in Cali- 
 fornia, Maryland, and New York. He wrote 
 a biography of his father, Henry L. Rich- 
 ards: A Loyal Life . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 
 1913. WWW 1 
 
 RICHARDSON, ALBERT DEAN (Oct. 6, 
 1833-Dec. 2. 1869), journalist, born in 
 Franklin, Mass., worked on Cincinnati 
 newspapers from 1853 until 1857. In 1857 
 he went to Kansas as a correspondent for 
 the Cincinnati Gazette; here he met Horace 
 Greeley and began a connection with the 
 New York Tribune that continued until his 
 death. As a Tribune correspondent during 
 the Civil War, he was captured on May 3, 
 1863, and was held in Confederate prisons 
 for eighteen months. An account of his im- 
 prisonment is found in The Secret Service, 
 the Field, the Dungeon, and the Escape 
 . . . , Hartford. Conn., 1865. He wrote a 
 campaign biography of Grant in 1868. Ru- 
 mors of his engagement to marry Abby 
 Sage McFarland reached the ears of her 
 recently divorced husband. Daniel McFar- 
 land. a confirmed drunkard with paranoic 
 tendencies. The enraged McFarland shot 
 Richardson at his desk in the Tribune office 
 on Nov. 25, 1869. He was married on his 
 deathbed to Mrs. McFarland, who published 
 his fugitive writings as Garnered Sheaves 
 . . . , Hartford, Conn., 1871. 
 
 RICHARDSON, ANNA STEESE SAUSSER 
 
 (April 5, 1865-May 10. 1949), was born 
 in Massillon, Stark County. After graduat- 
 ing from Philadelphia Normal School for 
 Girls in 1885, she married William M. 
 Richardson. Beginning in 1894 she worked 
 for various Midwest newspapers, the Mc- 
 Clure syndicate, the New York World, and 
 The Woman's Home Companion. Her 
 books, all directed to feminine readers, in- 
 clude Adventures in Thrift, Indianapolis, 
 [1916]. WWW 2 
 
 RICHARDSON, JONATHAN M. See L. B. 
 
 Welch. 
 
 RICHARDSON, JULIUS MILLER (Nov. 4, 
 1862-Dec. 27, 1948), lawyer and educator, 
 was born in Sugar Creek Township, Tus- 
 carawas County. Largely self-educated, he 
 began teaching in the schools of his home 
 county when he was eighteen. While teach- 
 ing he read law and was admitted to the 
 bar. He served as superintendent of schools 
 in Mineral City and as principal of West 
 North School, Canton. In 1908 he began 
 the practice of law in New Philadelphia; 
 he also lectured widely on political and reli- 
 gious subjects. He published four books, 
 e.g., God and Man . . . , [Mansfield, 1930], 
 and "Schoenbrunn," an Epic of the Ro- 
 mance and Tragedy of the First Village in 
 Ohio, New Philadelphia, 1931. 
 
 RICHARDSON, LEANDER PEASE (Feb. 
 28, 1856-Feb. 2, 1918), journalist, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. At 
 the age of sixteen he began writing for the 
 Chicago Inter-Ocean. He edited the Dra- 
 matic News, 1891-96, and worked on the 
 New York Morning Telegraph, the New 
 York Inquirer, and other papers. Besides 
 the novels listed below, he adapted French 
 plays and operettas for American produc- 
 tion and also wrote some original plays, 
 e.g., The Millionaire (1891) and Under 
 The City Lamps (1893). He was manager 
 and publicity director for William A. Brady 
 and other producers. 
 The Dark City . . . , Boston, 1886. 
 Lord Dunmersey . . . , New York, 1889. 
 The Prairie Detective, New York, 1889. 
 
 RICHARDSON, LYON NORMAN (July 20, 
 1898- ), educator, was born in An- 
 dover, Ashtabula County. He graduated 
 from Western Reserve University in 1921 
 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1931. 
 He was editor of the Kinsman Journal, 
 1917-22. He has been on the English fac- 
 ulty. Western Reserve University, since 
 1923, and since 1946 has been director of 
 the university libraries. Besides numerous 
 professional articles and textbooks, he has 
 published A History of Early American 
 Magazines, 1741-1789, New York, 1931. 
 WW 30 
 
 RICHARDSON, ROBERT (Sept. 25, 1806- 
 Oct. 22, 1876), physician, born in Pitts- 
 burgh. Pa., lived in Wellsburg and Carthage 
 from 1829 until about 1836. Converted to 
 the Disciples of Christ Church by Walter 
 Scott (q.v. ), formerly his teacher, he wrote 
 many articles and books on devotional and 
 theological themes. He later taught at 
 Bethany College. 
 
529 
 
 Riddle 
 
 RICHARDSON, WILL S. (1864- ), was 
 born in Camp Chase, Franklin County. Ex- 
 cept that he was a mail-order druggist in 
 Marietta for many years, no biographical 
 details are available. The book of poems 
 listed below appears to have been his only 
 publication. 
 
 To a Skeleton and Other Happy Thoughts, 
 Buffalo, 1895. 
 
 RICHMOND, CECIL JANE (March 11, 
 1894- ), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. After graduating from 
 Dayton Normal School, she taught in 
 county schools. She has written for the 
 Dayton News, the Ohio State Journal, and 
 the Columbus Dispatch. As Betty Fairfax 
 she wrote a column for teen-agers in the 
 latter newspaper, 1954-57, and she also 
 has written books on the same subject. In 
 1926 she was married to Claude J. Bartlett, 
 who died in 1941; in 1949 she married 
 James A. Groves. As Cecil Richmond Bart- 
 lett she published a campaign biography of 
 Vic Donahey: Honest Vic . . . , [Columbus, 
 1935]. She also published several plays 
 before her marriage, e.g., Special Plays for 
 Special Days, Franklin, 1920. 
 
 RICKENBACKER, EDWARD VERNON 
 
 (Oct. 8, 1890- ), aviator, was born in 
 Columbus, Franklin County. Widely known 
 as an auto racer, he went to France in 
 June, 1917, as a member of General Persh- 
 ing's motorcar staff, but soon was made 
 commanding officer of the 94th Aero Pur- 
 suit Squadron. He became the best-known 
 American air ace of the war, received the 
 Congressional Medal, and described his ex- 
 periences in Fighting the Flying Circus, 
 New York, [1919]. Between the two world 
 wars and since World War II, he has 
 served as an executive of various aviation 
 companies and air lines. His experiences in 
 1942, when he spent three weeks on a life 
 raft in the Pacific after his plane was forced 
 down at sea, are described in Seven Came 
 Through, New York, 1934. WW 30 
 
 RICKERT, MARTHA EDITH (July 11, 
 1871-May 23, 1938), educator, was born in 
 Canal Dover, Tuscarawas County. After 
 graduating from Vassar College in 1891, 
 she taught in Chicago high schools for five 
 years and at Vassar College for two. She 
 completed her Ph.D. at the University of 
 Chicago in 1899. She abandoned teaching 
 for writing until 1924, when she joined the 
 English department of the University of Chi- 
 cago, where she served until her death. 
 During part of the period 1900-24, she 
 lived in England; she published moderniza- 
 
 tions of medieval romances and other 
 works, and several novels, e.g., Folly, Lon- 
 don, 1906, and The Reaper, Boston, 1904. 
 After her return to teaching she collabo- 
 rated with John M. Manly on several text- 
 books, medieval books, and surveys of con- 
 temporary literature. An indefatigable 
 worker, she contributed much to the field 
 of medieval studies especially to Chaucer 
 scholarship. DAB 22 
 
 RICKOFF, ANDREW JACKSON (Aug. 23, 
 1824-March 29, 1899), educator, born in 
 Mercer County, N. J., graduated from 
 Woodward College, Cincinnati. He served 
 as superintendent of schools in Portsmouth, 
 Cincinnati, and Cleveland shortly after the 
 middle of the nineteenth century. He later 
 moved West and died in San Francisco, 
 Calif. Besides the title below, he published 
 readers and arithmetic textbooks. 
 Past and Present of Our Common School 
 Education . . . , Cleveland, 1877. 
 
 RIDDELL, JOHN LEONARD (Feb. 20, 
 1807-Oct. 7, 1865), physician, born in 
 Leyden, Mass., spent four years in Ohio, 
 1832-36; he taught at Ohio Reformed 
 Medical College, Worthington, and at Cin- 
 cinnati Medical College. In 1836 he went 
 to the Medical College of Louisiana, where 
 he taught until his death. He published A 
 Synopsis of the Flora of the Western States, 
 Cincinnati, 1835. 
 
 RIDDLE, ALBERT GALLATIN (May 28, 
 1816-May 16, 1902), was born in Monson, 
 Mass. As a year-old baby, he joined the 
 trek of New England immigrants into 
 Connecticut's Western Reserve when his 
 Scotch- and Welsh-blooded parents carried 
 him to Geauga County. When he was seven, 
 his father died, and by the time he was 
 twelve, as the fifth of eight children he went 
 to work to help support the family as a 
 farmer and carpenter. In 1835 he entered 
 Western Reserve College at Hudson, and 
 later went two years to an academy in 
 Painesville. He read law under Seabury 
 Ford and was admitted to practice in 1840. 
 His already-apparent talent for debating 
 and oratory was employed in favor of Wil- 
 liam Henry Harrison, for he was an anti- 
 slavery Whig. Settling in Chardon, he was 
 elected prosecuting attorney. He personally 
 called the meeting in Chardon which re- 
 sulted in formation of the Free-Soil Party 
 in Ohio, and his continued activity in this 
 direction made him one of the organizers 
 of the emergent Republican Party. Caroline 
 Avery became his wife in 1845. They had 
 seven children. In 1850 Riddle moved to 
 
Rider 
 
 530 
 
 Cleveland, and, though an active partisan of 
 Fremont and later of Chase, he was restive 
 in political activity, and even before his elec- 
 tion to Congress in 1860 he wrote, "I 
 found I was unfitted for politics. . . ." Riddle 
 was active in Congress, especially in behalf 
 of a bill to abolish slavery in the District 
 of Columbia. When the Civil War broke 
 out, he was one of a party of Congressmen 
 who drove out to the Bull Run battlefield to 
 see how the Cleveland Greys were making 
 out. In the confusion of the debacle that 
 followed, Riddle seems to have been calmer 
 and more resolute than most, but on his 
 return to Washington he wrote a descriptive 
 letter to his wife which was highly critical 
 of the conduct of some of the troops, espe- 
 cially the officers. Mrs. Riddle handed the 
 letter over to the Cleveland papers. They 
 published it — so edited as to distort his 
 views, Riddle always maintained. The re- 
 sulting storm of criticism, which repre- 
 sented Congressmen as joy-riders at the 
 battle, practically riding down those who 
 had borne the battle in their efforts to es- 
 cape the field, ruined Riddle politically. In 
 1862 he did not run for re-election, but re- 
 turned to law practice and literary activi- 
 ties, both more congenial than politics. A 
 brief mission to Matanzas, Cuba, as consul 
 charged with getting information on block- 
 ade running, closed the war period. He then 
 settled to the practice of law in Washington. 
 He was Law Officer of the District of 
 Columbia from 1877 to 1889, and taught 
 law at Howard University. Beginning about 
 1873 his literary activity began to take 
 precedence even over law. Beginning with 
 Bart Ridgeley (1873) and running up close 
 to the turn of the century, six novels, sev- 
 eral biographies, his memoirs, and a con- 
 stant stream of newspaper articles and short 
 stories (largely never collected) flowed 
 from his pen. Some of his legal arguments 
 and addresses were also printed. He had a 
 national following, especially among those 
 who knew the Western Reserve background, 
 which he used freely. Riddle died in Wash- 
 ington, D. C, where he was buried in Rock 
 Creek Cemetery. 
 
 Willis Thornton 
 
 Bart Ridgeley; A Story of Northern Ohio, 
 
 Boston, 1873. 
 Law Students and Lawyers. The Philosopliy 
 
 of Political Parties and Other Subjects: 
 
 Eight Lectures, Washington, D. C, 1873. 
 The Portrait; A Romance of the Cuyahoga 
 
 Valley, Boston, 1874. 
 Alice Brand. A Romance of the Capital, 
 
 New York, 1875. 
 The Life, Character and Public Services of 
 
 Jas. A. Garfield, Philadelphia, 1880. 
 
 The House of Ross, and Other Tales, Bos- 
 ton, 1881. 
 
 The Hunter of the Shagreen. A Descriptive 
 Poem, (Anon.), Cleveland, 1882. 
 
 Castle Gregory; A Story of the Western 
 Reserve Woods in Olden Times, Cleve- 
 land, 1884. 
 
 Elmer Riddle; A Sketch of His Life, Cleve- 
 land, 1884. 
 
 Mark Loan; A Tale of the Western Reserve 
 Pioneers, Cleveland, 1884. 
 
 Old Newbury and the Pioneers, [Cleveland, 
 1885]. 
 
 The Life of Benjamin F. Wade, Cleveland, 
 1886. 
 
 The Tory's Daughter; A Romance of the 
 North-west, 1812-1813, New York, 1888. 
 
 Ansel's Cave. A Story of Early Life in the 
 Western Reserve, Cleveland, 1893. 
 
 Recollections of War Times, New York, 
 1895. 
 
 RIDER, WILLIAM HARPER (Feb. 3, 1853- 
 Feb. 19, 1932), clergyman, was born in 
 Martins Ferry, Belmont County. After grad- 
 uating from Scio College, he was admitted 
 on trial to the Pittsburgh Conference in 
 1872. He later attended Drew Seminary, 
 graduating in 1882. During his 44 years 
 in the Methodist ministry, he served 
 churches in Ohio, Minnesota, California, 
 New Hampshire, and Michigan. After re- 
 tiring in 1916, he returned to Cleveland to 
 live. He died in East Cleveland. While pas- 
 tor of Euclid Avenue Methodist Church, 
 he published the volume of verse listed be- 
 low. 
 The Loom of Life, Cleveland, 1899. 
 
 RIES, WILLIAM FREDERICK (March 4, 
 1865-Jan. 29, 1944), was born near Nor- 
 walk, Huron County. His parents moved to 
 Weston, Wood County, when he was fifteen. 
 He graduated from Valparaiso University. 
 In 1898 he moved to Toledo, where he 
 operated a business college. He lectured 
 widely on health and physical culture. A 
 pamphlet, Men and Mules, is said to have 
 sold two million copies. He also wrote Per- 
 fect Health Based on Science and Experi- 
 ence, Toledo, [1922]. 
 
 RIFE, DAVID CECIL (Jan. 3, 1901- ), 
 geneticist, was born in Cedarville, Greene 
 County. He graduated from Cedarville Col- 
 lege in 1922 and Ohio State University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1933 and was a member of 
 the Ohio State faculty, 1930-57. He has 
 written several articles on heredity and a 
 book on the same subject: Dice of Destiny 
 . . . , Columbus, 1945. WWMW 49 
 
 
531 
 
 Riley 
 
 RIGDON, SIDNEY (Feb. 19, 1793-July 4, 
 1876), born in Piny Fork, Pa., first came 
 to Ohio in 1819 as a Baptist preacher in 
 Warren. He returned to Pennsylvania for a 
 time, but was back in Ohio in 1824 as a 
 tanner. Increasingly attracted to the doc- 
 trines of Alexander Campbell, he preached 
 in the Western Reserve for a time without 
 any denominational commitment. In 1828 
 he was a Disciples of Christ preacher in 
 Bainbridge and the next year in Mentor. 
 In 1830 when four Mormon elders on their 
 way to Missouri stopped at Mentor, Rigdon 
 was converted by Parley P. Pratt (q.v. ). 
 In December he met Joseph Smith at 
 Fayette, N. Y. He accompanied the prophet 
 to Kirtland and was cashier of the bank 
 Smith established there. After the failure 
 of the bank, Rigdon and Smith fled to 
 Missouri in Jan., 1838. After the death of 
 Smith, Rigdon aspired to the leadership of 
 the church; and he refused to follow Brig- 
 ham Young to Utah. His last years were 
 passed in Pennsylvania and Friendship, 
 N. Y. A rumor circulated for many years 
 to the effect that Sidney Rigdon compiled 
 the Book of Mormon from a book by 
 Solomon Spaulding (q.v.). Although this 
 has been disproved, Rigdon probably did 
 write Lectures on Faith, issued under the 
 name of Joseph Smith. 
 
 RIGGS, STEPHEN RETURN (March 23, 
 1812-Aug. 24, 1883), missionary to the 
 Indians, was born in Steubenville, Jefferson 
 County. After studying in the Latin School 
 at Ripley, he attended Jefferson College, 
 Pa., and Western Theological Seminary. 
 Licensed by the Chillicothe Presbytery in 
 1836, he went the next year to the upper 
 Minnesota River, where he began his life- 
 work as missionary and teacher among the 
 Sioux. He wrote many articles on the In- 
 dians for magazines and newspapers and 
 translated or wrote more than fifty books, 
 including primers, dictionaries, grammars, 
 hymns, and books of the Bible. 
 Tah-Koo Wah-Kan; Or, the Gospel among 
 
 the Dakotas, Boston, [1869]. 
 Mary and I. Forty Years with the Sioux, 
 
 Chicago, [1880]. 
 
 RIGHTMIRE, GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 (Nov. 15, 1868-Dec. 23, 1952), educator, 
 was born at Center Furnace, Lawrence 
 County. He graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1895 and later studied law 
 there while teaching in the Columbus pub- 
 lic schools. He practiced in Columbus, 
 1904-19, was a member of the law faculty, 
 1902-25, and was president of the Univer- 
 sity, 1925-38. He compiled several legal 
 
 books and also published Democracy, What 
 Is It?, Columbus, 1944. WWW 3 
 
 RIHBANY, ABRAHAM MITRIE (Aug. 27, 
 1869-July 5, 1944), clergyman, was born 
 in Lebanon, Syria. He came to the United 
 States in 1891, studied at Ohio Wesleyan 
 University for a year, and after preaching 
 in Michigan was pastor of First Unitarian 
 Church, Toledo, 1902-11. He published a 
 number of books, including his autobiog- 
 raphy: A Far Journey, Boston, 1914. WWW 
 2 
 
 RIKER, BEN H. (Jan. 19, 1889- ), was 
 born in St. Paris, Champaign County. He 
 attended St. Paris schools and graduated 
 from Ohio State University. He was for 
 many years head of the book department, 
 L. S. Ayres & Company, Indianapolis, and 
 he still lives in that city. He has written 
 a book about St. Paris in the late nine- 
 teenth century, when his father manufac- 
 tured pony wagons there: Pony Wagon 
 Town . . . , Indianapolis, [1948]. 
 
 RIKER, JOHN F. (Oct. 1, 1828-April 7, 
 1909), was born in Hamilton County but 
 grew up in Champaign County, where his 
 parents moved while he was a child. In 
 1852 he made the overland trip to Cali- 
 fornia, the subject of his only book. He 
 served in the Civil War and afterward 
 lived in St. Paris, Champaign County. 
 Journal of a Trip to California . . . , 
 [Urbana, 1856]. 
 
 RILEY, JAMES (Oct. 27, 1777-March 15, 
 1840), was born in Middletown, Conn. He 
 first went to sea at the age of twelve, and 
 he was master of the brig Commerce when 
 that vessel was wrecked on the coast of 
 Africa in Aug., 1815. Riley and his crew 
 were held as slaves by the Arabs and were 
 forced to endure incredible hardships and 
 cruelty. He was finally ransomed by Wil- 
 liam Wilshire, the British consul at Moga- 
 dore. Late in 1816 he turned up in New 
 York with a manuscript narrative of his 
 adventures, but William A. Mercien, the 
 publisher to whom it was offered, rejected 
 it as being too carelessly written. At the 
 suggestion of Thurlow Weed, then associ- 
 ated with Mercien, Riley rewrote the book 
 with the assistance of Anthony Bleecker, 
 a schoolteacher. The book was reprinted 
 in England and enjoyed a large sale in 
 both countries. Riley made a trip to Ohio 
 in 1818 and the following year became 
 deputy surveyor charged with the survey 
 of the "New Purchase" in the Maumee 
 River valley. He brought his family to 
 
Rimanoczy 
 
 532 
 
 Chillicothe in 1820 and the following year 
 established them in a crude home on the 
 St. Marys. Here in 1822 he laid out a 
 town, which he named Wilshire in honor of 
 his old friend. Because of the condition of 
 his health he moved his family to New 
 York in May of 1828 and returned to his 
 profession of mariner. He died at sea. His 
 son, James W. Riley (1817-1870), later 
 brought his family to Ohio, where he pub- 
 lished the Sequel to Riley's Narrative. 
 An Authentic Narrative of the Loss of the 
 American Brig Commerce, Wrecked on 
 the Western Coast of Africa . . . , New 
 York, 1816. 
 Sequel to Riley's Narrative . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1851. 
 
 RIMANOCZY, RICHARD STANTON 
 
 (March 28, 1902- ), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County, and attended 
 Miami University, 1921-25. After being 
 associated with several Cleveland firms, he 
 moved to New York in 1938 to become edi- 
 torial director of the American Economics 
 Foundation. He has published books and 
 articles on economics and with Fred G. 
 Clark (q.v.) How to Be Popular Though 
 Conservative, New York, [1948]. WW 30 
 
 RINKLIFF, GEORGE LOUIS (Aug. 5, 1887- 
 ), was born near Bourneville, Ross 
 County. He worked as a reporter, 1907- 
 14, was secretary to the Springfield city 
 manager, 1914-19, served as city manager 
 of various cities, and was associate secre- 
 tary of the Lutheran Layman's Movement, 
 1937-38. Now living in Springfield, he has 
 written articles and fiction for magazines 
 and a book: Administering God's Gifts 
 Philadelphia, [1928]. 
 
 RIPLEY, ROSWELL SABINE (March 14. 
 1823-March 29, 1887), army officer, was 
 born in Worthington, Franklin County. He 
 graduated from the U. S. Military Academy 
 in 1843, served in the Mexican War and at 
 various army posts, and resigned from the 
 Army in 1853 to enter business in Charles- 
 ton, S. C. He was an officer in the Confed- 
 erate army during the Civil War, but his 
 quarrels with General Beauregard and 
 others kept him in South Carolina through- 
 out most of the war, except for the Bat- 
 tle of Antietam, where he was wounded. 
 He lived in England for a time after the 
 war and later spent much of his time in 
 New York City, where he died, although his 
 legal residence remained Charleston. Be- 
 sides the title below, which he wrote while 
 on leave from the Army in 1848-49, he 
 
 published a pamphlet on the fortification of 
 Morris Island. 
 
 The War with Mexico, 2 vols., New York, 
 1849. 
 
 RISLEY, SAMUEL DOTY (Jan. 16, 1845- 
 April 1, 1920), ophthalmologist, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He served 
 in the Civil War, attended the State Uni- 
 versity of Iowa, 1865-68, studied medicine 
 at the University of Pennsylvania, 1868-70. 
 and practiced and taught in Philadelphia. 
 His only book was written in collaboration 
 with Roland G. Curtin: A Medical Pilgrim- 
 age to the Republic of Panama . . . , [Phila- 
 delphia?], 1905. WWW 1 
 
 RITCHIE, ANDREW (Dec. 26. 1826-1897), 
 clergyman, was born in Aberdeenshire, 
 Scotland. He served a Presbyterian church 
 in Greenfield and from 1865 until his death 
 was secretary of the Western Tract Society. 
 The second title below is a life of John 
 Rankin of Ripley. 
 Life and Writings of . . . Samuel Crothers 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1857. 
 The Soldier, the Battle, and the Victory 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, [1876?]. 
 
 RITCHIE, JAMES MONROE (July 28, 
 1829-Aug. 17, 1918), lawyer, was born 
 in Dunfermline, Scotland. His family came 
 to America in 1832, settling first in Ogdens- 
 burg, N. Y. James taught school in New 
 York and Ohio, read law, and was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar in 1857. He practiced for 
 a short time in Lorain County but in 1858 
 began to practice in Toledo, where he lived 
 until his death. Using S.E.E. as a pen name, 
 he published numerous poems in Toledo 
 newspapers. His son, also a lawyer, edited 
 a posthumous collection: Poetical Thoughts 
 .... (Byron Foster Ritchie, ed.), Toledo, 
 [1927]. 
 
 RITTER, FREDERIC LOUIS (June 22, 
 1834-July 6. 1891), musician, born in 
 Strasbourg, Alsace, came to Cincinnati in 
 1856 and remained until 1861. While there 
 he founded the Cecilia Society and the 
 Philharmonic Orchestra. He left Cincinnati 
 for New York and afterward taught at Vas- 
 sar College, 1867-91. He wrote a number 
 of technical works on music and several his- 
 tories, e.g., Music in America, New York, 
 1883. 
 
 RIVES, MARIE THOMPSON (Jan. 1. 1844- 
 Aug. 7, 1924), daughter of Eliza J. and 
 James H. Thompson (qq.v.), was born in 
 Hillsboro, Highland County. She was the 
 wife of Dr. Edward Rives. She collaborated 
 
533 
 
 Roberts, W. C. 
 
 with her mother and sister in the writing of 
 Hillsboro Crusade, and also wrote a pam- 
 phlet: Traveler's Notes, Hillsboro, 1915. 
 
 ROACH, CORWIN CARLYLE (1904- ), 
 clergyman and educator, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. A graduate of 
 Yale University in 1925 and Yale Divinity 
 School in 1927, he is a priest of the Epis- 
 copal Church. In 1930 he joined the faculty 
 of Bexley Divinity School. Kenyon College, 
 where he has been dean since 1940. He has 
 published Preaching Values in the Bible, 
 Louisville, Ky., 1946. RLA 2 
 
 ROARK, WARREN C. (Feb. 2. 1902- ), 
 clergyman, was born in Kentucky but has 
 lived in Ohio since his childhood. A gradu- 
 ate of Mount Union College in 1934 and 
 Oberlin Graduate School of Theology in 
 1942, he has been a minister of the Church 
 of God in Canton for many years. His 
 writings include Light on the Christian's 
 Path, Anderson, Ind., [1949]. 
 
 RORB, CHARLES (Jan. 5, 1826-Sept. 20, 
 1872), farmer, was born near New Rich- 
 mond, Clermont County. He was an or- 
 ganizer of The Poets' Union of Clermont 
 and Brown Counties; members brought 
 their compositions to the meetings for criti- 
 cism. He served in the Civil War as a 
 commissary sergeant in the Kentucky Vol- 
 unteer Infantry. He was active in Repub- 
 lican politics of his county and was a 
 popular lecturer on agricultural topics. His 
 collected poems were published posthu- 
 mously by his niece, Mrs. M. L. Robb 
 Hutchinson. 
 
 Pandora's Box: A Story of Heathen My- 
 thology, Cincinnati, 1859. 
 Poems of Charles Robb, Chicago, [1910]. 
 
 ROBBINS, ARCHIBALD (Nov. 19. 1792- 
 Dec. 27, 1859), was born in Wethersfield. 
 Conn. He came to Ohio around 1830, op- 
 erated a store at Grifnthsburg. and in 1840 
 established the first store at Solon. Having 
 served as first mate of the famous brig 
 Commerce under Captain James Riley 
 (q.v.), Robbins published his account of 
 the hardships of the shipwrecked crew of 
 that vessel. Although it never achieved 
 the popularity of Riley's narrative, his book 
 went through six large editions in its first 
 year. He died in Solon. 
 A Journal Comprising an Account of the 
 Loss of the Brig Commerce . . . , Hart- 
 ford, [Conn.], 1817. 
 
 ROBBINS, THOMAS (Aug. 11, 1777-Sept. 
 13, 1856), clergyman, born in Norfolk, 
 
 Conn., was sent in 1803 as a missionary to 
 the Western Reserve. After serving two 
 years, he returned to Connecticut. He was 
 keenly interested in antiquarian subjects 
 and accumulated a valuable library of books 
 and pamphlets. Several of his sermons were 
 published. His diary, published in two vol- 
 umes, 1886-87, covers his Ohio experiences. 
 
 ROBERTS, ANNA SMITH RICKEY (1827- 
 Aug. 10, 1858), was born in Philadelphia, 
 but lived in Ohio for a number of years. 
 Her husband, Solomon W. Roberts, was 
 chief of the Ohio and Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road. She contributed poems to the Co- 
 lumbian and Great West. 
 Forest Flowers of the West, Philadelphia, 
 1851. 
 
 ROBERTS, CHARLES HUMPHREY (Oct. 
 11, 1847-Nov. 30, 1911), lawyer, was born 
 in Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson County. After 
 teaching school and working as superin- 
 tendent of construction for the Camden 
 Iron Works, Philadelphia, he determined 
 to become a lawyer. He graduated from 
 the University of Michigan law school in 
 1878 and afterward practiced in Chicago. 
 The novel listed below deals with Quakers 
 in Ohio. 
 "Down the O-Hi-O" Chicago, 1891. 
 
 ROBERTS, CLARK (Aug. 13, 1805-Nov. 
 30. 1885), physician, was born in Vienna, 
 Trumbull County. After graduating from 
 the medical school of Illinois College in 
 1846, he practiced medicine in Illinois. Dur- 
 ing the Civil War he served with the 101st 
 Illinois Volunteers. He died at Winchester, 
 111. 
 
 A Theorem on Planetary Motion; Or, Sun- 
 shine and Shadow, St. Louis, Mo., 1881. 
 
 ROBERTS, DOROTHY JAMES (Sept. 5, 
 1903- ), born in Elizabeth, W. Va., lived 
 in Marietta, 1910-43, and now lives in 
 Mamaroneck. N. Y. She attended Deni- 
 son University and Marietta College, but 
 completed her work at Barnard College in 
 1925; she also did graduate work at the Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin. Under the pen name 
 Peter Mortimer, she published a mystery 
 story: // a Body Kill a Body, New York, 
 1946. She has also published short stories 
 and several novels under her own name. 
 An Ohio River town is the setting for a 
 portion of A Man of Malice Landing, New 
 York, 1943. WW AW 1 
 
 ROBERTS, WILLIAM CHARLES (Sept. 23, 
 1832-Nov. 27, 1903), clergyman, born near 
 Aberystwyth, Wales, came to America in 
 
Robertson, C. 
 
 534 
 
 1849. A Presbyterian minister, he served as 
 pastor of First Church, Columbus, 1862— 
 64, during which time he was one of the 
 founders of University of Wooster. He 
 wrote many articles, pamphlets, and books 
 in Welsh and in English on religious topics. 
 
 ROBERTSON, CHARLES (July 13. 1799- 
 March 24, 1884), physician, was born near 
 Leesburg, Va. At the age of ten he learned 
 the printing trade, and when his family 
 moved to St. Clairsville in 1812 he was a 
 printer on the Repository. At the age of 
 twenty he was named postmaster of St. 
 Clairsville, and in his leisure time he studied 
 medicine with a local doctor. In 1823 he 
 began practice in Barnesville; the follow- 
 ing year he moved to Woodsfield, and in 
 1826 he settled in McConnelsville, where 
 he practiced until his death. 
 History of Morgan County . . . , Chicago, 
 1886. 
 
 ROBERTSON, JOHN (1854-Nov. 5, 1926), 
 physician, was born in Linloch, Scotland. 
 His parents brought him to Toronto, On- 
 tario, Canada, in 1858 and later settled in 
 Michigan, where he spent his young man- 
 hood. In 1885 he began writing poetry and 
 prose in support of prohibition and temper- 
 ance. He practiced medicine in Cincinnati, 
 and his death occurred in that city. He in- 
 vented several pieces of medical apparatus. 
 The Confidential Friend, a Book for Women 
 of All Ages and Conditions . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1890. 
 
 ROBINS, ELIZABETH (Aug. 6, 1862-May 
 9, 1952), actress, born in Louisville, Ky., 
 spent a part of her girlhood in Zanesville, 
 where she attended Putnam Female Semi- 
 nary. When she was seventeen, her father 
 took her to Colorado. She became an ac- 
 tress, toured with James O'Neill, and later 
 settled in England, where she played Ibsen 
 during the 1890s and numbered among her 
 friends Oscar Wilde, Bernard Shaw, and 
 Henry James. She published more than 
 twenty books, including a novel, published 
 under the pseudonym C. E. Raimond, that 
 has its setting in Zanesville: The Open Ques- 
 tion; A Tale of Two Temperaments, New 
 York, 1899. The story of her busy life is 
 told in an autobiography: Both Sides of 
 the Curtain, London, [1940]. 
 
 ROBINSON, BEN CARL (Jan. 12, 1890- 
 ), was born in Albany, Tuscarawas 
 County, and has spent his entire life in his 
 native county. He studied at the Chicago 
 Art Institute, 1911-13, and has since written 
 on fishing, hunting, and travel for many na- 
 
 tional magazines. He is at present living 
 in Newcomerstown and is fishing editor of 
 Fur, Fish, Game magazine. He has pub- 
 lished three books on outdoor sports, e.g., 
 Muskellunge Fishing, New York, 1925. 
 
 ROBINSON, CHALFANT (March 14, 1871- 
 Dec. 31, 1946), historian and museum 
 curator, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from the University 
 of Cincinnati in 1893 and Yale University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1902. After serving in the his- 
 tory departments of Mount Holyoke Col- 
 lege, Smith College, and Yale, he became 
 curator of medieval manuscripts at Prince- 
 ton University in 1920. He wrote a num- 
 ber of monographs and books on historical 
 subjects, e.g., A History of Two Reciprocity 
 Treaties . . . , [New Haven, 1904]. WWW 2 
 
 ROBINSON, DANIEL SOMMER (Oct. 19, 
 1888- ), educator, born in North 
 
 Salem, Ind., was professor of philosophy, 
 Miami University, 1922-29. While at Miami 
 he published The God of the Liberal Chris- 
 tian . . . , New York, 1926. WW 30 
 
 ROBINSON, EDWARD STEVENS (April 
 18, 1893-Feb. 27, 1937), educator, was 
 born in Lebanon, Warren County, and grew 
 up in Norwood, Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from the University of Cin- 
 cinnati in 1916, he studied at the Carnegie 
 Institute of Technology and University of 
 Chicago (Ph.D., 1920). He served on the 
 faculty of the University of Chicago, 1920- 
 27, and Yale University, 1927-37. Rec- 
 ognized as one of the nation's leading 
 pyschologists, he published important stud- 
 ies of memory and fatigue and also wrote 
 a book relating law and psychology: Law 
 and the Lawyers, New York, 1935. DAB 22 
 
 ROBINSON, EDWIN MEADE (Ted) 
 (Nov. 1, 1878-Sept. 20, 1946), journalist, 
 was born in Lima (Howe), Ind., the son 
 of William Edwin and Alice Maude Drake 
 Robinson. His father was a native of Con- 
 necticut and a direct descendant of John 
 Robinson, minister of the Pilgrims. He 
 taught his son to love books, bass fishing, 
 and theological disputation. Ted was grad- 
 uated from Howe School in 1894. He en- 
 rolled in Wabash College, where he be- 
 came the popular student known as Ted 
 Robinson. It was here that he developed a 
 facility for graceful writing, and as the 
 writer of the words of the college song he 
 endeared himself to Wabash men. After re- 
 ceiving his A.B. in 1900, he spent a year 
 as a teacher of English in Attica, Ind. He 
 then joined the staff of the Indianapolis 
 
 
535 
 
 Robinson, John 
 
 Sentinel, remaining with this paper and the 
 Indianapolis Journal until 1904. Ted Robin- 
 son was truly a product of the Indiana 
 school of writing so important in that dec- 
 ade — Booth Tarkington, George Ade, and 
 the others — a school that produced a real- 
 ism that understood the good as well as 
 the evil and whose style was always grace- 
 ful without being precious. The Indiana 
 writers wrote social novels that managed 
 to be popular without being angry and his- 
 torical novels with modest bosoms. They 
 wrote them with an urbane simplicity in a 
 style often flavored with the pleasant taste 
 of belles-lettres. Ted went to the Cleveland 
 Leader in 1904, and in 1908 he married 
 Martha Coon. He joined the Cleveland 
 Plain Dealer in 1910 as associate editor 
 and columnist. His column, "Philosopher 
 of Folly," achieved immediate success. With 
 his almost daily poem he became one of 
 the country's most effective writers of light 
 verse — light in the sense of non-heavy, 
 non-pompous, but not in the sense of trivial. 
 Some of his lines touched the deepest 
 sympathies that man possesses. Under his 
 direction after 1922, the book section of 
 the Plain Dealer became one of the coun- 
 try's best with a strong influence upon 
 northern Ohio book buyers. Robinson lec- 
 tured at Cleveland College on philology, 
 1926-42. He received an honorary Litt.D. 
 degree from Wabash College in 1927. Al- 
 though Ted was not a native Ohioan, he 
 found himself in Cleveland and became 
 such an integral part of the city that to 
 countless Clevelanders Ted was Cleveland. 
 He died in Provincetown, Mass., where he 
 spent his summers and was greatly loved. 
 His publications include Mere Melodies, 
 Philadelphia, 1918, Piping and Panning, 
 New York, 1920, Enter Jerry, New York, 
 1921, The Curious History of a Nursery 
 Rhyme, Cleveland, 1932, and Life, Love 
 and the Weather, Cleveland, 1945. During 
 his later years his poems and his person 
 seemed to have a whispering, almost friendly 
 intimacy with Death that his friends found 
 very gallant and inspiring. The poem pub- 
 lished the very day his death was announced 
 seemed a prophecy: 
 
 And this will happen, when the brawl 
 Of life at last forbears to maul 
 My tired bones and blood runs slow. 
 How good to murmur as I sprawl 
 At ease — and truly after all — 
 The Autumn comes — and I must go. 
 
 Milton G. Nicola 
 
 ROBINSON, ELMO ARNOLD (Ian. 1, 1887- 
 
 ), clergyman, was born in Portland, 
 
 Maine. He was ordained as a Universalist 
 
 minister in New York City in 1912 and 
 preached for some time at Plain City and 
 Woodstock. He was living in Palo Alto, 
 Calif., when he published The Universalist 
 Church in Ohio, [Akron?], 1923. 
 
 ROBINSON, GEORGE FOGLESONG (May 
 8, 1838-May 17, 1901), was born in Xenia, 
 Greene County. He enlisted in the 74th 
 O.V.I, in 1861, but was discharged for 
 disability after seven months. He worked 
 as a carpenter and operated a farm. He 
 died in Xenia. He compiled a roster of 
 Greene County Civil War soldiers and 
 wrote History of Greene County . . . , 
 Chicago, 1902. 
 
 ROBINSON, GIL (1844-Aug. 17, 1928), cir- 
 cus owner, born in Buckaman, Va., spent 
 much of his life in Cincinnati. He served 
 in the Civil War and afterward operated 
 a tent show founded by his father in 1824. 
 He made at least one trip to Asia to ob- 
 tain animals for the circus and traveled 
 more than a million miles with the show. 
 He was one of the founders of the United 
 States Playing Card Company. He died in 
 Cincinnati. He wrote his autobiography: 
 Old Wagon Show Days, Cincinnati, [1925]. 
 
 ROBINSON, HENRY MARTIN (1845-April, 
 1907), son of Rev. lohn Robinson (q.v.), 
 was born in Ashland, Ashland County. He 
 was a sutler's clerk during the Civil War, 
 was engaged in business in Vicksburg, Miss., 
 and was a fur trader in Canada. 
 The Great Fur Land . . . , New York, 
 1879. 
 
 ROBINSON, HOWARD (luly 17, 1885- 
 ), educator, was born in Redwood 
 Falls, Minn. He graduated from Hamline 
 University in 1908, Union Theological 
 Seminary in 1911, and Columbia University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1916. After teaching in Canada 
 and Minnesota, he came to Ohio in 1924 
 and has taught at Miami University, 1924- 
 35, Ohio State University, 1935-37, and 
 Oberlin College, 1937-50. He has pub- 
 lished professional articles, textbooks, and 
 other books, e.g., Bayle, the Skeptic, New 
 York, 1931. WW 28 
 
 ROBINSON, JENNIE MAY (Aug. 2, 1882- 
 Nov. 12, 1933), was born in Sidney, Shelby 
 County. She lived for many years in Toledo 
 and died in that city. She wrote "The Com- 
 forter" . . . , [Toledo], 1928. 
 
 ROBINSON, JOHN (Ian. 27, 1814-Iune 15, 
 1888), clergyman, was born in Westmore- 
 land County, Pa. At the age of seventeen 
 
Robinson, J. B. 
 
 536 
 
 he was apprenticed to a tin-plater at Cadiz, 
 where he also joined the Presbyterian 
 Church. He worked at his trade to pay for 
 his education. After graduating from Frank- 
 lin College in 1837, he attended Western 
 Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania. In 
 1840 he was licensed to preach by the 
 Steubenville Presbytery; he was ordained 
 the following year. After serving multiple 
 pastorates for three years, he was called to 
 First Presbyterian Church, Ashland, where 
 he served, 1844-84. He aided in the es- 
 tablishment of University of Wooster. 
 Among his eight children was Henry M. 
 Robinson (q.v.). 
 
 The Testimony and Practice of the Presby- 
 terian Church in Reference to Slavery 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1852. 
 
 ROBINSON, JOHN BUNYAN (April 11, 
 1834-1912), educator, was born in Oceola, 
 Crawford County. After graduating from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1860, he was 
 principal of Mount Washington Seminary 
 near Cincinnati. He afterward served as 
 president of Willoughby College, of Fort 
 Wayne College, of New Hampshire Semi- 
 nary and Female College, and of Jennings 
 Seminary. 
 
 Infidelity Answered . . . , Boston, 1875. 
 Emeline; Or, Home, Sweet Home, Boston, 
 
 1876. 
 The Serpent of Sugar Creek Colony, a 
 Temperance Narrative of Pioneer Life in 
 Ohio, Philadelphia, 1885. 
 The Epworth League . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1890. 
 The New Woman and Other Poems, Chi- 
 cago, 1896. 
 Epic Ballads of the Land of Flowers, De- 
 land, Fla., 1905. 
 Epic Ballads of "Uncle Sam," [Philadelphia, 
 
 1909?]. 
 Bird or Feather Convention . . . , Ruther- 
 ford, N. J., 1910. 
 
 ROBISON, W. SCOTT (March 6, 1835-Dec. 
 3, 1913), publisher, was born in Fulton- 
 ville, N. Y. He operated a company in 
 Cleveland which published directories and 
 similar books. 
 
 History of the City of Cleveland . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1887. 
 
 ROCKEFELLER, JOHN DAVISON (July 
 8, 1839-May 23, 1937), industrialist, born 
 in Richford, N. Y., came to Cleveland in 
 1853. He attended Cleveland High School 
 for two years and worked for a commis- 
 sion merchant for three and a half years. 
 In 1859, with Maurice B. Clark, he founded 
 a commission business which prospered 
 
 during the Civil War. In 1863 he built his 
 first oil refinery, and two years later he 
 sold his commission business to devote all 
 his time to oil. His skill in organizing the 
 business, his ruthless struggle for control 
 of oil refining and transportation, and the 
 phenomenal growth of Standard Oil of 
 Ohio after its incorporation in 1870 are 
 all familiar pages in the history of Ameri- 
 can business. In 1883-84, with other execu- 
 tives of the company, he moved to New 
 York and established headquarters there. 
 In Cleveland he had lived simply and 
 unostentatiously in a large house on Euclid 
 Avenue and at a summer home at Forest 
 Hills. He was superintendent of the Sunday 
 school at Euclid Avenue Baptist Church 
 for many years. He published an autobio- 
 graphical volume: Random Recollections 
 of Men and Events, New York, 1909. DAB 
 22 
 
 ROCKEFELLER, JOHN DAVISON, JR. 
 
 (Jan. 29, 1874-May 12, 1960), capitalist 
 and philanthropist, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County, and lived there until 
 1884, when his father moved to New York. 
 Although he entered his father's office in 
 1897 and engaged in business, most of his 
 efforts were devoted to the administration 
 of the Rockefeller charities. He published 
 a number of separate addresses and a col- 
 lection: The Personal Relation in Industry, 
 New York, [1923]. CB 41 
 
 ROCKEL, WILLIAM MAHLON (July 18. 
 1855-March 23, 1931), lawyer and judge 
 of the circuit court, was born near Tre- 
 mont City, Clark County. He practiced law 
 in Springfield and published a number of 
 legal works, notably Rockel's Complete 
 Ohio Probate Practice, and a county his- 
 tory: 20th Century History of Springfield 
 and Clark County, Ohio . . . , Chicago, 
 1908. OBB 
 
 ROCKEY, CARROLL JACOB (April 11, 
 1885-Aug. 15, 1961), clergyman, was born 
 in Miamisburg, Montgomery County. After 
 graduating from Wittenberg College in 1908 
 and Chicago Lutheran Theological Semi- 
 nary in 1911, he served churches in the 
 Middle West, 1911-57, and after retiring 
 from the ministry he lived in Ferndale, 
 Mich. He published three books treating 
 religious themes, e.g., Fishing for Fishers 
 of Men, Philadelphia, [1924]. 
 
 ROCKWELL, ALPHONSO DAVID (May 18, 
 1840-April 12, 1933), physician, born in 
 New Canaan, Conn., attended Kenyon Col- 
 lege and lived for a time near Milan, where 
 
 
537 
 
 Roe, G. M. 
 
 his father had bought a farm. He taught 
 school and studied medicine here for a 
 time. He served a brief enlistment in the 
 85th O.V.I. , and after medical study in New 
 York he joined the 6th Ohio Cavalry as a 
 surgeon. A pioneer in the field of electro- 
 therapeutics, he practiced in New York 
 and published numerous technical works. 
 He also published an autobiography: Ram- 
 bling Recollections . . . , New York, 1920. 
 DAB 16 
 
 ROCKWELL, VERA C. (Mrs. Leo L), was 
 born in Glenford, Perry County. She attended 
 Denison University for a time and gradu- 
 ated from Bucknell University in 1911. She 
 has taught Spanish in several schools, her 
 longest tenure being at Bucknell, 1919-31. 
 Her home is in Hamilton, N. Y. She has 
 written The New Pioneers, Boston, [1940]. 
 WW AW 1 
 
 ROCKWOOD, FLOZARI SUTTON-HEM- 
 INGWAY (Oct. 3, 1894-April 14, 1954), 
 was born Florence Sutton-Hemingway in 
 Yorkshire, England. She came to America 
 in 1907, married Roy H. Rockwood in 
 1911, and was for several years a dancer 
 in vaudeville, using Princess Flozari as her 
 stage name. She lived in Mansfield, 191 3— 
 17, and in Cleveland after 1917. She con- 
 ducted an entertainment service for a num- 
 ber of years and also founded Pegasus 
 Studio, which published many magazines 
 and pamphlets containing her own poems 
 and those of others. She published a great 
 many poems in magazines and newspapers 
 and several pamphlet anthologies, e.g., 
 The Lost Rendezvous, and Other Prize- 
 Winning Poems, Cleveland, 1947. 
 
 RODABAUGH, JAMES HOWARD (Nov. 11, 
 1910- ), historian, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Miami University in 1932 and Ohio State 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1937. After teaching 
 at Denison University in 1938, he served 
 as assistant director of the Ohio Historical 
 Records Survey, 1938-40, as assistant direc- 
 tor of research at Hayes Memorial Library, 
 1940-44, and since 1944 as a director of 
 the Ohio State Archaeological and Histori- 
 cal Society. He is editor of the Ohio His- 
 torical Quarterly. He has written a number 
 of significant articles on Ohio history, com- 
 piled a bibliography of Ohio archaeology, 
 and published Robert Hamilton Bishop, 
 Columbus, 1935. WWMW 54 
 
 RODEHEAVER, HOMER ALVAN (Oct. 4, 
 1880-Dec. 18, 1955), musician, was born 
 in Union Furnace, Hocking County. He was 
 
 musical director for Billy Sunday's evangelis- 
 tic services, 1909-31, traveled with other 
 evangelists, and organized his own com- 
 pany to publish hymns and gospel music. 
 He wrote several books of recollections, 
 e.g., Twenty Years with Billy Sunday, 
 Nashville, [1936]. WWW 3 
 
 RODGERS, ANDREW DENNY, III (Jan. 
 19, 1900- ), lawyer, was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1922 and Ohio 
 State University law school in 1925. After 
 his admission to the bar in 1926, he prac- 
 ticed in Columbus. He has published poetry, 
 e.g., Rocks before the Mansion, [Los 
 Angeles, 1940], and several biographies of 
 American scientists, e.g., Liberty Hyde 
 Bailey . . . , Princeton, [N. J.], 1949. 
 WWMW 6 
 
 RODKEY, FREDERICK STANLEY (Jan. 
 31, 1896- ), educator, born in Irving, 
 Kan., taught history at Miami University, 
 1921-29. Since 1929 he has been on the 
 faculty of the University of Illinois. His 
 writings include An Historical Approach to 
 the World Problems of Today . . . , Urbana, 
 111., 1934. DAS 3 
 
 ROE, EDWARD REYNOLDS (1813-Nov. 6, 
 
 1893), physician, was born in Lebanon, 
 
 Warren County, but spent much of his life 
 
 in Illinois. He served in the 33rd Illinois 
 
 Infantry from Aug., 1861, to July, 1863; 
 
 he left the army as a lieutenant colonel. 
 
 He afterward practiced medicine in Illinois. 
 
 The Gray and the Blue. A Story . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1884. 
 
 God Reigns . . . , Chicago, [1888]. 
 
 Dr. Caldwell . . . , Chicago, 1889. 
 
 Joe; A Remarkable Case, Chicago, 1889. 
 
 Belteshazzar; A Romance of Babylon, Chi- 
 cago, 1890. 
 
 The World against Her, Chicago, 1891. 
 
 Virginia Rose, Chicago, 1892. 
 
 ROE, GEORGE MORTIMER (Oct. 30, 
 1848-Aug. 20, 1916), journalist, born in 
 Clyde, N. Y., came to Cincinnati in 1872. 
 He worked on the Gazette, 1872-84, and 
 on the Enquirer, 1884-86. In 1886 he be- 
 came associate editor of the Times-Star. 
 He died in Long Beach, Calif., where he 
 had lived for about ten years. 
 Our Police . . . , Cincinnati, 1890. 
 Cincinnati: The Queen City of the West 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1895. 
 Pure Water; How to Quench the Thirst 
 and How Not to Quench It ... , Col- 
 lege Corner, 1900. 
 
Roeben 
 
 538 
 
 ROEBEN, FREDERICK B. (Oct. 5, 1878- 
 ), born in Rastede, Germany, came to 
 the United States in 1900. Soon afterward 
 he settled in Cincinnati, where he worked 
 as an engineer at Procter & Gamble Co. 
 until his retirement in 1945. He now lives 
 in Orlando, Fla. He published a book 
 about his early life: Lure of the Sea, New 
 York, [1950]. 
 
 ROEPKE, MRS. HARRY. See Helen L. Lin- 
 ham. 
 
 ROGERS, GEORGE (May 5, 1805-July 6, 
 1842), clergyman, was born in London, 
 England. Born an Episcopalian, he became 
 a Methodist minister, and in 1830 while in 
 Philadelphia he became a Universalist. He 
 made his home in Cincinnati from the early 
 1830s until his death, but traveled widely 
 in Ohio and other states preaching and lec- 
 turing. His autobiography was published 
 anonymously after his death. 
 Memoranda of the Experience, Labors, and 
 
 Travels of a Universalist Preacher . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1845. 
 
 ROGERS, JOSEPH MORGAN (April 9, 
 1861-May 16, 1922), journalist, was born 
 in Decatur, Brown County, and graduated 
 from Berea College in 1879. After one year 
 in the Indian Service, he served on the edi- 
 torial staffs of various newspapers; from 
 1890 on, he was with the Philadelphia In- 
 quirer. He died at Germantown, Pa. His 
 writings, historical and biographical in na- 
 ture, include The True Henry Clay, Phila- 
 delphia, 1904. WWW 1 
 
 ROGERS, LEBBEUS HARDING (July 26, 
 1847-Dec. 16, 1932), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County, and attended the 
 public schools of that city. While president 
 of a business supply company, he lived in 
 New York City. He died in Portland, Oreg. 
 His novel The Kite Trust has a Cincinnati 
 setting. 
 
 The Kite Trust . . . , New York, [1900]. 
 
 ROGERS, MARGARET DOUGLAS (Sept. 
 8, 1870-June 8, 1925), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. She attended Miss 
 Nourse's School, Cincinnati, and also stud- 
 ied music in Philadelphia, where her fam- 
 ily lived, 1887-92. While living in Phila- 
 delphia, she published a volume of poems 
 under her maiden name. In 1893 she mar- 
 ried William Cook Rogers, an official of 
 the Piqua Handle and Manufacturing Com- 
 pany. She spent the remainder of her life 
 in Piqua, where she was active in civic and 
 cultural activities. Her plays were popular 
 with college dramatic groups. 
 
 Poems, Philadelphia, 1892. 
 
 The Gift . . . , Piqua, 1913. 
 
 Echo and Narcissus . . . , [Piqua, 1924]. 
 
 The Kiss of Aphrodite . . . , [Piqua, 1925]. 
 
 ROGERS, PAUL PATRICK (Jan. 5, 1900- 
 ), educator, was born in Snohomish, 
 Wash. He has been professor of Spanish at 
 Oberlin College since 1929. He graduated 
 from the University of Mississippi in 1921 
 and Cornell University (Ph.D.) in 1928. He 
 has published professional articles, Spanish 
 textbooks, and Goldoni in Spain, Oberlin, 
 1941. 
 
 ROGERS, SAMUEL (Nov. 6, 1789-1877), 
 clergyman, was born in Charlotte County, 
 Va. In 1793 his parents moved to Kentucky. 
 Converted to the Christian Church during 
 a revival, he became an itinerant preacher. 
 He preached along the Ohio River from 
 Cincinnati to Portsmouth, and around 1819 
 he moved to Clinton County. He later lived 
 on a farm in Darke County. He preached 
 in neighboring states and made several mis- 
 sionary trips to Missouri. His autobiog- 
 raphy was edited by his son, Elder John 
 Rogers. 
 
 Autobiography of Elder Samuel Rogers, 
 Cincinnati, 1880. 
 
 ROGERS, VOLNEY (Dec. 1, 1846-Dec. 3, 
 1919), lawyer, was born in Rogers, Colum- 
 biana County. In 1870 he began the prac- 
 tice of law in Youngstown. A lover of na- 
 ture, he founded Mill Creek Park, a project 
 that is the subject of his book, A Partial De- 
 scription of Mill Creek Park . . . , [Youngs- 
 town, 1904]. 
 
 ROGERS, WILLIAM ALLEN (May 23, 
 1854-Oct. 20, 1931), artist, was born in 
 Springfield, Clark County. He began his 
 artistic career by painting fancy scrolls on 
 plows and machinery produced by a manu- 
 facturer of farm implements. At fourteen he 
 was supplying cartoons to a group of Mid- 
 western newspapers, thus becoming the first 
 American cartoonist to be syndicated. He 
 later became a distinguished illustrator and 
 expressed the opinion that his best work 
 was done in illustrating stories for young 
 people, a view shared by many sentimental 
 oldsters. As a boy, Booth Tarkington be- 
 lieved that the illustrator of Toby Tyler 
 "must be a pretty fine man." However, it 
 is the consensus of art historians' opinion 
 that Rogers' claim to fame rests on his abil- 
 ity as a cartoonist. In 1873 he joined the 
 staff of the New York Daily Graphic. In 
 1877 he began a long association with Har- 
 per's when he joined their art staff, which 
 
539 
 
 Root, E. R. 
 
 included such notable artists as Edwin A. 
 Abbey, Howard Pyle, C. S. Reinhart, A. B. 
 Frost, and Thomas Nast. When Nast broke 
 with Harper's in 1880, Rogers succeeded 
 him, but it was not until the turn of the 
 century that he began to work almost ex- 
 clusively on cartoons. His work appeared in 
 Harper's Weekly, Life, Puck, and the New 
 York Herald. His sensational World War 
 I cartoons, collected in America's Black 
 and White Book, brought him membership 
 in the French Legion of Honor. After serv- 
 ing as director of the Illustrators' School for 
 Disabled Soldiers, 1920-22, he joined the 
 staff of the Washington Post. He died in 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Hints at Politics . . . , New York, 1899. 
 America's Black and White Book . . . , New 
 
 York, [1917]. 
 A World Worth While . . . , New York, 
 
 1922. 
 Danny's Partner, New York, 1923. 
 The Miracle Mine . . . , New York. [1925]. 
 The Lost Caravan, New York, [1927]. 
 
 ROLAND, CHARLES (Aug. 6, 1831-June 1, 
 1918), journalist, was born in Washington 
 County. At the age of fourteen he learned 
 the printing business in the office of the 
 Ohio Eagle, Lancaster. He edited that 
 newspaper, 1856-66, then acquired the 
 Greenville Democrat, which he edited until 
 1899, when he turned the paper over to his 
 sons. After his retirement, he traveled in 
 Europe and later published his travel let- 
 ters in book form. 
 
 Tour of Central Europe . . . , Greenville, 
 [1900]. 
 
 ROLLINGPIN, COMMODORE. Pseud. See 
 John H. Carter. 
 
 ROLLINS, HORACE JUDSON (Oct. 2, 
 1845-Feb. 22, 1935), artist, was born in 
 Miami County. He spent the greater part 
 of his life on the family estate midway be- 
 tween Troy and Piqua. He studied painting 
 at McMicken College and Cincinnati Art 
 School and in New York City. He special- 
 ized in landscape painting, the chief subject 
 of the first title below. Yetta Segal proph- 
 esies the future blending of races into a 
 "cosmopolite" single race. 
 Studio, Field and Gallery, New York, [?]. 
 Yetta Segal, New York, 1898. 
 
 ROMAN, FREDERICK WILLIAM (Nov. 
 19, 1876-April 9, 1948), educator, was 
 born in Sidney, Shelby County. He grad- 
 uated from National Normal University, 
 Lebanon, in 1897, attended Yale University, 
 
 and graduated from the University of Ber- 
 lin (Ph.D.) in 1910. After teaching eco- 
 nomics and sociology in several universities, 
 he organized Associated Forums in 1926 
 and the Roman Forum in 1935. His books 
 include The New Education in Europe . . . , 
 New York, 1930. WWW 2 
 
 ROMIG, EDNA DAVIS (Jan. 16, 1889- 
 ), educator, was born in Rarden, 
 Scioto County. She graduated from DePauw 
 University in 1911 and taught English there 
 for the next two years. After the death of 
 her husband, Albert Stanley Romig, in 
 1919, she joined the University of Colorado 
 faculty and taught there until her retire- 
 ment in 1955. She has published a number 
 of volumes of verse and prose, e.g., Marse 
 Lee, Philadelphia, [1930]. WW 30 
 
 ROOD, JOHN (Feb. 22. 1902- ), writer 
 and wood sculptor, was born in Athens 
 County. He has been artist-in-residence at 
 Ohio University and the University of Min- 
 nesota. He has published a novel: This Is 
 My Brother, Chicago, 1936. WWNAA 3 
 
 ROOS, FRANK JOHN, JR. (Jan. 10, 1903- 
 ), artist and educator, was born in Chi- 
 cago, 111. He was on the faculty of Ohio 
 State University, 1928-46, and since 1946 
 has taught at the University of Illinois. Be- 
 sides studies of early American architecture, 
 he has published An Illustrated Handbook 
 of Art History, [New York, 1937]. WW 30 
 
 ROOT, EDWARD TALLMADGE (March 
 19, 1865-Oct. 7, 1948), clergyman, was 
 born in Springfield, Clark County. After 
 graduating from Yale University in 1887 
 and the Divinity School in 1890, he was 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry. He 
 was pastor of several churches in New Eng- 
 land and was secretary of the Massachu- 
 setts Federation of Churches, 1904-30. 
 'The Profit of the Many," the Biblical 
 Doctrine and Ethics of Wealth, Chicago, 
 1899. 
 The Redemption of Paradise Pond; Bar- 
 bara; Stories of Rhode Island Life, Prov- 
 idence, R. I., 1908. 
 The Bible Economy of Plenty, New York, 
 
 1939. 
 A Christian Idea of Wealth . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1941. 
 
 ROOT, ERNEST ROB (June 23. 1862-April 
 19, 1953), was born in Medina, Medina 
 County. After attending Oberlin College, he 
 was an official of a Medina bank and was 
 president of the A. I. Root Company, well- 
 known manufacturers of beeswax. He wrote 
 
Rorick 
 
 540 
 
 Facts about Bees 
 
 WWNAA 7 
 
 Medina, 1907. 
 
 RORICK, ISABEL SCOTT (April 13, 1900- 
 ), was born in Toledo, Lucas County. 
 She was educated in private schools in To- 
 ledo and at the Master's School, Dobbs 
 Ferry, N. Y. The wife of a Toledo banker, 
 she has published stories in national maga- 
 zines. Sketches first published in a Junior 
 League magazine resulted in two books, 
 e.g., Mr. and Mrs. Citgat, the Record of a 
 Happy Marriage, Boston, 1940. WW 28 
 
 RORIMER, JAMES JOSEPH (Sept. 7, 1905- 
 ), museum director, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. After graduating 
 from Harvard University in 1927, he joined 
 the staff of the Metropolitan Museum of 
 Art in New York City, and from 1934 to 
 1955 was curator of medieval art. He has 
 been director of the museum since 1955. 
 During World War II he served with the 
 Seventh Army as monuments officer and 
 was responsible for discovering and re- 
 storing many art treasures, including the 
 stained glass from Strasbourg cathedral. He 
 has written several professional articles and 
 books, and in collaboration with Gilbert 
 Rabin wrote a book based on his wartime 
 experience: Survival: The Salvage and Pro- 
 tection of Art in War, New York, [1950]. 
 WW 30 
 
 The Making of a City, Cleveland, [1950]. 
 WW 29 
 
 ROSE, WILLIAM RUSSELL (Sept. 12, 
 1851-Feb. 16, 1927), journalist, born in 
 Ithaca, N. Y., worked on the Sunday Voice 
 and the Press in Cleveland before joining 
 the Plain Dealer in 1896. He wrote edito- 
 rials and a humorous column; a collection 
 of his Sunday pieces was published: Stories, 
 Cleveland, 1927. 
 
 ROSECRANS, SYLVESTER HORTON (Feb. 
 5, 1827-Oct. 21, 1878), clergyman, was 
 born in Homer, Licking County. While a 
 student at Kenyon College, he received a 
 letter from his brother William, later to 
 become famous as a Civil War general, de- 
 scribing his conversion to Catholicism. Syl- 
 vester followed his brother's example, trans- 
 ferred to St. John's College, Fordham, 
 N. Y., studied in Rome, and was ordained 
 to the priesthood in 1852. He served as a 
 curate, rector, and teacher in Cincinnati un- 
 til 1862, when he was named titular bishop 
 and coadjutor. In 1867 he was transferred 
 to St. Patrick's Church, Columbus, and the 
 following year was made bishop. He estab- 
 lished numerous schools and churches, 
 built St. Joseph's cathedral, and did much 
 to strengthen the church. 
 The Divinity of Christ . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1866. 
 
 ROSE, MARTHA EMILY PARMELEE 
 
 (March 5, 1834-May 5, 1923), was born 
 in Norton, Delaware County. In 1847 her 
 family moved to Oberlin, and in 1855 she 
 graduated from Oberlin College. She mar- 
 ried William Grey Rose, later mayor of 
 Cleveland. She was active in Cleveland 
 civic affairs. Under the pen name Charles 
 C. Lee, she wrote a story of Oberlin: Char- 
 acter Building (1906), and a series of 
 articles about French trade schools that in- 
 fluenced the establishment of manual train- 
 ing classes in Cleveland. Under her own 
 name she edited a history of the Western 
 Reserve and wrote a travel book: Travels in 
 Europe and Northern Africa . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1901. 
 
 ROSE, WILLIAM GANSON (Oct. 29, 1878- 
 Aug. 15, 1957), advertising executive, was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He 
 graduated from Western Reserve Univer- 
 sity in 1901, was drama critic on the Plain 
 Dealer, 1902-07, served as public relations 
 counsel for several private and civic enter- 
 prises, and founded his own firm in 1918. 
 He published a number of books, most of 
 them on historical subjects, e.g., Cleveland; 
 
 ROSENBERG, WILLIAM. See William Man- 
 ners. 
 
 ROSENBERGER, ELIZABETH DELP 
 
 (1864-May 11, 1951), born in Mainland, 
 Pa., lived in Miami County for 25 years. 
 A graduate of Juniata College, she served 
 on the faculties of Bridgewater College and 
 Blue Ridge College. In 1893 she married 
 Dr. A. S. Rosenberger, who died in 1913. In 
 1919 she married Rev. P. J. Blough and 
 moved to Johnstown, Pa. She wrote articles 
 for the Gospel Messenger and at least three 
 books, e.g., The Scarlet Line, and Other 
 Bible Stories, Elgin, 111., 1903. 
 
 ROSENTHAL, MIRIAM (Oct. 7, 1901- ), 
 was born in Lebanon, Warren County. 
 Formerly on the Dayton Journal and the 
 Dayton News, she has been engaged in 
 fund raising and public relations work in 
 Dayton since 1932. She has written a pic- 
 torial history of the Dayton Fire Depart- 
 ment for juvenile readers: The Junior Fire 
 Chief, New York, [1934]. 
 
 ROSS, ABEL HASTINGS (April 28, 1831- 
 May 13, 1893), clergyman, born in Win- 
 
541 
 
 Rothenburger 
 
 chenden, Mass., attended Oberlin prepara- 
 tory department and college, 1851-57. After 
 his ordination as a Congregational minister, 
 he served churches in Springfield, 1866-73, 
 and Columbus, 1873-75. He was also lec- 
 turer on church polity at Oberlin Seminary, 
 1871-91. He published sermons, books, and 
 pamphlets on church organization and ar- 
 ticles on religious topics. He wrote Manual 
 of Congregationalism, Oberlin, 1889. 
 
 ROSS, DENMAN WALDO (Jan. 10, 1853- 
 Sept. 2, 1935), educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County, but was reared 
 in New York City, attended Harvard Uni- 
 versity, and spent his life in Cambridge, 
 Mass. He earned a doctorate in history at 
 Harvard in 1880; but after the death of his 
 father in 1884, he turned his attention to 
 art. He lectured on design at Harvard and 
 was a trustee of the Boston Museum for 
 over forty years. He published several in- 
 fluential papers and books on esthetic the- 
 ory, e.g., A Theory of Pure Design . . . , 
 Boston, 1907. DAB 21 
 
 ROSS, EDMUND GIBSON (Dec 7, 1826- 
 May 8, 1907), printer, journalist, U. S. 
 Senator, was born in Ashland, Ashland 
 County. After learning the printing busi- 
 ness in Huron, he was an itinerant printer 
 for a number of years. Strongly opposed 
 to slavery, he led a party of colonists into 
 Kansas in 1856. The next year he and his 
 brother bought the Kansas Tribune, pub- 
 lished in Topeka. In 1866, after serving 
 with Kansas troops on the Missouri border, 
 Ross was appointed to the U. S. Senate to 
 complete the term of James H. Lane, who 
 had committed suicide. Although he op- 
 posed virtually all of President Johnson's 
 policies, he voted against conviction in the 
 impeachment trial. His vote was regarded 
 as the turning point of the trial, and he 
 was assailed on all sides. He completed his 
 term as an independent, and in 1872 he 
 joined the Democratic Party. He published 
 various newspapers in Kansas, 1871-82. In 
 1882 he went to New Mexico and worked 
 as a printer. He served as governor of the 
 Territory, 1885-89. and spent the remainder 
 of his life in Albuquerque. Besides the titles 
 below, he published magazine articles and 
 some speeches. 
 History of the Impeachment of Andrew 
 
 Johnson . . . , [Santa Fe, N. M.], 1896. 
 A Reminiscence of the Kansas Conflict, 
 
 Albuquerque, N. M.. [1898]. 
 The Pilgrim and the Cavalier in Kansas, 
 
 [Washington, D. C, 1917?]. 
 
 ROSS, HARRY H. (Nov. 27, 1880- ), 
 was born in Fremont, Sandusky County. A 
 
 graduate of Oberlin, he was on the Toledo 
 Blade for several years. He is now living in 
 Toledo. For about ten years he conducted 
 tours of the Lake Erie islands, the subject 
 of his book, Enchanting Isles of Erie . . . , 
 [Lakeside?, 1949]. 
 
 ROSS, JAMES (April 15, 1867-Dec. 14, 
 1940). educator, attended Moore's Hill Col- 
 lege, Ind., after which he taught in the pub- 
 lic schools of Sandusky and Cleveland. He 
 wrote a book on the public schools: The 
 Heart of Democracy . . . , Sandusky, [1930]. 
 
 ROSS, OLIN JONES (1858-Jan. 16, 1941), 
 lawyer, was born in Fayette County, Pa., 
 but grew up in southern Illinois. He later 
 settled in Hillsboro. He read law, was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1882, and began prac- 
 tice in Columbus in 1907. He was an out- 
 spoken freethinker, published pamphlets 
 and lectured widely, and was also a prolific 
 writer of letters to newspaper editors. In 
 1914 he founded the Rationalist Society in 
 Columbus. He wrote a fanciful account of 
 a train taken to Europe and its effect on 
 civilization: The Sky Blue . . . , Columbus, 
 1904. 
 
 ROSS, W. W. (Dec. 24, 1824-March 4, 
 1906). educator, was born in Medina 
 County. He attended the schools of Seville. 
 He began teaching at Twinsburg in 1840 
 and became superintendent of schools in 
 Fremont in 1864. 
 The Wants of Ungraded Schools, Fremont, 
 
 1879. 
 Tariff Reform, Fremont, 1888. 
 
 ROSSITER, FREDERICK MAGEE (March 
 12, 1870- ), physician, was born in El- 
 more, Ottawa County. He graduated from 
 Battle Creek College in 1893 and Rush 
 Medical College in 1896. He was on the 
 staff of Battle Creek Sanitarium, 1897- 
 1902, and in general practice, 1902-28. He 
 was also a professor at the College of Med- 
 ical Evangelists, Los Angeles, 1922-26. He 
 published a number of medical books for 
 general readers, some of them in collabora- 
 tion with his wife, Mary Henry Rossiter, 
 e.g., The Story of a Living Temple . . . , 
 Chicago, 1902. WW 26 
 
 ROTHENBURGER, WILLIAM FREDER- 
 ICK (March 5, 1874- ), clergyman, was 
 born in Holgate, Henry County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Normal University in 
 1898 and Hiram College in 1900. After be- 
 ing ordained a minister in the Disciples of 
 Christ Church, he served various churches 
 in the Midwest, including Ashtabula, 1900- 
 
Rotsvald 
 
 542 
 
 05, and Cleveland, 1908-18. He now lives 
 in Indianapolis, Ind. He has published nu- 
 merous religious articles and tracts, and 
 The Cross in Symbol, Spirit and Worship, 
 Boston, [1930]. WW 27 
 
 ROTSVALD, FRED C. Pseud. See Mildred 
 W. Benson. 
 
 ROURKE, CONSTANCE MAYFIELD (Nov. 
 14, 1885-March 23, 1941), educator and 
 writer, was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She graduated from Vassar Col- 
 lege in 1907, studied abroad for three years, 
 and taught English at Vassar, 1910-15. She 
 wrote several biographies and a seminal 
 analysis of American humor that pro- 
 foundly affected the study of American lit- 
 erature and folklore: American Humor; A 
 Study of the National Character, New York, 
 [1931]. WWW 1 
 
 ROUSE, E. S. S. (Feb. 23, 1795-April 26, 
 1883), was born in Pittstown, N. Y. He 
 served in the War of 1812 and emigrated to 
 Muskingum County in 1818. He settled in 
 Knox County in 1832, and in 1850 he 
 moved to Mount Vernon, where he oper- 
 ated a woolen mill and edited the weekly 
 Home Visitor. He died in Mount Vernon. 
 The Bugle Blast; Or, Spirit of the Conflict 
 . . . , Philadelphia, 1864. 
 
 ROWE, EDNA B. (Sept. 13, 1890-Dec. 2, 
 1953), educator, was born in Dupont, Put- 
 nam County. A graduate of Columbia Uni- 
 versity, she taught at Bowling Green Uni- 
 versity and the University of Toledo and was 
 president of a private elementary school in 
 Toledo. She published articles on elemen- 
 tary education, textbooks, and Bible Stories 
 for Little Folk, Cincinnati, [1926]. 
 
 ROWE, EDWINA. Pseud. See Sara T. Druk- 
 ker. 
 
 ROWE, FRANK HENRY (Nov. 1, 1892- 
 ), industrialist, was born in Coalton, 
 Jackson County, and now lives in Ports- 
 mouth. Until his retirement in 1957, he 
 served as safety director, personnel man- 
 ager, and director of industrial relations in 
 various steel plants in Scioto County. He 
 has published magazine articles on the steel 
 industry and a book: History of the Iron 
 and Steel Industry in Scioto County . . . , 
 Columbus, 1938. 
 
 ROWE, FREDERICK LOUIS (Dec. 27, 
 1866-May 12, 1947), editor, was born in 
 Akron, Summit County. He edited the 
 
 Christian Leader, 1896-1946, in Cincin- 
 nati and also operated his own publishing 
 firm. His death occurred in Cincinnati. He 
 wrote Letters to an Orphan, from a Busi- 
 ness Man to His Stenographer, Cincinnati. 
 [1911]. 
 
 ROWELL, ADELAIDE CORINNE (Dec 6. 
 1884- ), librarian, was born in Cleve- 
 
 land, Cuyahoga County. In 1890 her fam- 
 ily moved to Chattanooga, Tenn., where 
 she was reared. After attending the local 
 schools and the University of Tennessee, 
 she was on the staff of the Chattanooga 
 Public Library, 19 15 — 46. She now lives at 
 Lookout Mountain, Tenn. She wrote a num- 
 ber of one-act plays and a novel for juve- 
 nile readers: Touchdown, New York, 1942. 
 WW AW 1 
 
 ROWLAND, JAMES (Oct. 24, 1814-Nov. 9, 
 1854), clergyman, was born in Windsor 
 Locks, Conn. He attended Yale University 
 for two years, studied medicine, and prac- 
 ticed for several years in New England be- 
 fore entering the ministry. He was pastor 
 of the Presbyterian Church, Circleville. 
 1844-54. A number of his sermons were 
 printed. 
 The Consecrated Way, Circleville, 1847. 
 
 ROWLEY, CHARLES E. (1843-?), evange- 
 list, was born in Red Lion, Warren County. 
 A teacher of music and the composer of 
 several hymns, he became a member of the 
 evangelistic team of Rice and Rowley. He 
 is believed to have spent his last years in 
 Hardin County. He compiled song books 
 and wrote an autobiography that contains 
 interesting material concerning farm life in 
 Ohio in the mid-nineteenth century: Ap- 
 ples of Gold, Findlay, 1925. 
 
 ROY, ANDREW (July 19, 1834-Oct. 19, 
 1914), was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland. 
 After coming to America in 1850, he set- 
 tled in Jackson County. He served in the 
 Civil War, was captured at Gaines Hill, 
 and was held in Libby Prison until ex- 
 changed in 1863. In 1874 he was appointed 
 state mine inspector, a position he held un- 
 til his death. He wrote a number of ar- 
 ticles on mines and mining. 
 The Coal Mines . . . , Cleveland, 1876. 
 The Practical Miner's Companion . . . , 
 
 Columbus, 1885. 
 Recollections of a Prisoner of War, Colum- 
 bus, 1905. 
 A History of the Coal Miners of the 
 United States . . . , 3rd ed., Columbus, 
 [1907]. 
 
543 
 
 Running 
 
 ROYCE, CHARLES C. (1845-1923), ethnol- 
 ogist, was born in Defiance, Defiance 
 County. He published a number of papers 
 in reports of the U. S. Bureau of American 
 Ethnology and Rambling Notes of a Ram- 
 bling Tour through Egypt, Palestine and 
 Europe, [Washington, D. C, 1913]. 
 
 ROYER, HOMER L. (Oct. 6, 1906- ). edu- 
 cator, was born in Darke County. After 
 graduating from Manchester College in 
 1929, he became a teacher in Ohio schools. 
 He has been a school principal in Findlay, 
 1939-42, a teacher and principal in Dayton, 
 1942-50, and an assistant to the Dayton 
 superintendent of schools since 1950. With 
 Ollie E. Fink (q.v. ) he published Buckeye 
 Tales, Chicago, [1945]. 
 
 ROYSE, NORLE KIRRY (1841-1890), edu- 
 cator, was born in Newtown, Hamilton 
 County. A graduate of Woodward High 
 School, he was a principal in the Cincinnati 
 school system for many years. Besides the 
 titles below, he published textbooks and 
 manuals. 
 
 Some Ancient Melodies and Other Experi- 
 ments, Cincinnati, 1882. 
 A Study of Genius, Chicago, 1891. 
 
 RUBINOW, ISAAC MAX (April 19. 1875- 
 Sept. 1. 1936), physician and social worker, 
 was born in Grodno. Russia, and came to 
 the United States in 1893. He graduated 
 from Columbia University in 1895, New 
 York University (M.D.) in 1898. and Co- 
 lumbia (Ph.D.) in 1914. He practiced medi- 
 cine and was associated with various gov- 
 ernment bureaus and agencies. From 1929 
 until his death he was secretary of B'nai 
 B'rith. He was a resident of Cincinnati 
 during the latter part of his life. He pub- 
 lished a number of books on insurance and 
 social and political questions, e.g.. The 
 Quest for Security, New York, [1934]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 RUDY, JACOR MARVIN (1865-May 6, 
 1930), clergyman, was born near West- 
 minster, Allen County. A graduate of Ohio 
 Northern University and the University of 
 Chicago, he was ordained as a Disciples of 
 Christ minister and served churches in Ada, 
 Buffalo, N. Y., and Chicago. He was also 
 popular as a lecturer. He wrote Our Na- 
 tion's Peril, Chicago. 1918. 
 
 RUDY, STELLA M. (1888-Dec. 25, 1943), 
 missionary, was born in Dayton, Montgom- 
 ery County. A member of the Christian 
 Church, she served as a missionary in 
 China, 1914-28, and also edited a religious 
 
 magazine, Junior Boys and Girls. She wrote 
 a number of stories for children, which 
 were published in at least three collections, 
 e.g., New Rainbow Missionary Stories, Har- 
 risburg, Pa., 1943. 
 
 RUESS, STELLA KNIGHT (July 9, 1879- 
 ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She married Christopher Ruess in 
 1905. She studied at the University of 
 Southern California. Her last address in 
 Ohioana files is Los Angeles. She has pub- 
 lished Poems in Trees, [Hollywood, Calif., 
 1930]. BDCP 
 
 RUETENIK, HERMAN JULIUS (Sept. 20, 
 1826-Feb. 22. 1914), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Demerthin, Germany. 
 He came to America in 1848, taught school 
 in Easton, Pa., and was ordained to the 
 ministry of the Reformed Church in 1852. 
 He came to Toledo as a missionary and 
 also was a minister in Cleveland. He served 
 on the faculty of Heidelberg College and 
 later was president of Calvin College, Cleve- 
 land. Besides the titles below, he published 
 German primers and grammars. 
 A us der Indianer-Zeit . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 [1881]. 
 Beriihmte Deutsche-V orkdmpfer fur Fort- 
 
 schritt. Freiheit und Friede in Nord- 
 
 Amerika . . . , Cleveland, 1888. 
 The Pioneers of the Reformed Church in 
 
 the United States . . . , Cleveland, 1901. 
 
 RUGGLES, KENT P. (June 26. 1880-May 
 16, 1957), was born in Milan, Erie County. 
 In 1906 he moved to Akron, where he was 
 employed by the Ohio State Telephone 
 Company and later by Goodyear Tire and 
 Rubber Company. He wrote a book on 
 salesmanship: Fool-Things That Kill Busi- 
 ness, Cuyahoga Falls, [1922]. 
 
 RULISON, NELSON SOMERVILLE (April 
 24, 1842-Sept. 1, 1897), Episcopal bishop, 
 born in Carthage. N. Y., was pastor of 
 St. Paul's Church, Cleveland, 1876-84, be- 
 fore being elected assistant bishop of central 
 Pennsylvania. He published sermons and 
 other religious writings, e.g., History of St. 
 Paul's Church . . . , Cleveland, 1877. 
 
 RLMELIN, CARL GUSTAV. See Charles 
 Reemelin. 
 
 RUNNING, CORINNE (Oct. 5, 1914- ), 
 was born in Van Wert, Van Wert County. 
 She graduated from Michigan State Teach- 
 ers College in 1936 and now lives in Seat- 
 tle, Wash. She has been writing fiction since 
 1940. Her books include Garden Shower, 
 New York, 1948. WW AW 1 
 
Runyan 
 
 544 
 
 RUNYAN, GEORGIE DRURY (July 20, 
 1844-June 25, 1920), was born in Aroos- 
 took County, Maine. In 1856 her family 
 moved to Springfield, where she later mar- 
 ried Dr. Frank C. Runyan, a dentist. She 
 died in California and is buried in Spring- 
 field. She wrote for Ladies' Home Journal 
 and other women's magazines. Her only 
 published book is a sweeping survey of 
 American history, apparently written to 
 commemorate the fourth centennial of Co- 
 lumbus' discovery. 
 
 400 Years of America . . . , Springfield, 
 1892. 
 
 RUPP, ISRAEL DANIEL (July 10, 1803- 
 May 31, 1878), historian, born in Cum- 
 berland County, Pa., came to Cincinnati in 
 1830 and was for a time the postmaster at 
 Rupp's, Marion County. In 1832 he re- 
 turned to Pennsylvania, where he published 
 a number of books on early history of the 
 state. 
 
 RUSK, ROGERS D. (Nov. 17, 1892- ), 
 educator, was born in Washington, D. C, 
 but was reared in Morgan County and has 
 continued to spend his summers there. 
 After graduating from Ohio Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity in 1916, he taught for a year at 
 Niles High School. He completed his doc- 
 torate at the University of Chicago in 1925. 
 He has taught at North Central College, 
 111., 1919-28, and Mount Holyoke, 1928- 
 57. He has published numerous articles in 
 scientific journals, several textbooks, and a 
 history of physics: Atoms, Men and Stars 
 . . . , New York, 1937. WW 28 
 
 RUSLER, WILLIAM (March 7, 1851-June 
 25, 1929). was born in Shawnee Township, 
 Allen County. He attended township schools 
 and Lima High School. After teaching 
 school for a time, he operated a farm in 
 Allen County until his retirement in 1910. 
 He published A Standard History of Allen 
 County . . . , 2 vols., Chicago, 1921. 
 
 RUSSELL, ADDISON PEALE (Sept. 8. 
 1826-June 24, 1912), was born in Wilming- 
 ton, Clinton County. He apparently knew 
 exactly what he wanted his life to be. and 
 he shaped it accordingly. As he might plan 
 a book, he blocked out the years, giving 
 a preparatory period to journalism, a season 
 to the ripening experience of public service, 
 then moving on to the achievement of a 
 contemplative life, so ordered that he might 
 attain wisdom through reading and honor 
 through writing. His parents, Charles and 
 Mary MacNabb Russell, had come to Ohio 
 from Virginia in 1815. He received his 
 
 brief schooling in a local subscription 
 school. His father owned a woolen mil! 
 where Addison worked until he was six- 
 teen, when he was indentured as an ap- 
 prentice in the printing office of the Zanes- 
 ville Gazette. In 1845 he became editor of 
 the Hillsborough News, and two years later 
 joined the staff of the Western Star in Leba- 
 non. Returning to Wilmington in 1852, he 
 purchased a half-interest in the Clinton Re- 
 publican, which he held until 1860. His 
 association with strongly Republican news- 
 papers brought him into politics and led to 
 the second phase of his career, as a state 
 official. In 1850 he was appointed clerk of 
 the Ohio state senate. From 1855 to 1857 
 he served as a member of the Ohio general 
 assembly, and from 1857 to 1861 he held 
 the office of secretary of state. In the fol- 
 lowing year he was appointed financial 
 agent of the State of Ohio, with offices at 
 25 William Street in the City of New York. 
 Twice reappointed to this post, he remained 
 in New York until 1868. In that year he 
 returned to Wilmington, announced his re- 
 tirement, and at once embarked upon a 
 new career as a writer. One book had al- 
 ready come from his pen while he lived in 
 New York: Half Tints, which he pub- 
 lished at the age of 42. It was to be fol- 
 lowed by a half-dozen volumes which were 
 to inspire other writers to speak of him as 
 the "Western Washington Irving" and the 
 "Ralph Waldo Emerson of Ohio." His style, 
 as revealed in Half Tints, was already ur- 
 bane and polished: distinctive, yet clearly 
 in the great tradition of the English es- 
 sayists. Dr. Russell devoted almost half a 
 century to reading. He regarded his writing 
 seriously, but it was the incidental by- 
 product of a long attachment to his library. 
 In A Club of One he wrote of the lone 
 member, "He read, he thought, and some- 
 times he recorded." In Sub-Coelum he says. 
 "Life in literature was the life . . . most 
 relished." Both of these statements may be 
 taken as a personal confession. He was 
 unusually shy about making more direct 
 reference to himself, and when his writing 
 called for the first person singular, he in- 
 vented masquerades for himself as author, 
 and omitted his name from the title page. 
 In Half Tints he employed the pleasant fic- 
 tion of a married man, living in a metro- 
 politan hotel, who wrote a series of letters 
 to a friend of his youth. In A Club of One 
 he was the hypochondriac, "who might have 
 been sociable," blessed with a wife who 
 never interfered with his reading or at- 
 tempted to cure his imagined ailments. His 
 reputation was built on a series of books 
 of a highly literary nature. With anecdotes 
 
545 
 
 Rust, O. J. 
 
 and apt quotation, mainly from the stand- 
 ard authors of English and French litera- 
 ture, he sorted and selected his material, 
 fashioning essays on character and conduct. 
 In his day they served to prove (and it 
 seemed important then) that a writer of 
 taste and style could build an ivory tower in 
 a small Ohio town, and produce books 
 which seemed to emerge from a shady 
 porch in Concord or from long afternoons 
 in the British Museum. The books had a 
 good press, and Houghton, Mifflin kept them 
 in print for many years after their original 
 publication. It was a rare occurrence when 
 a reviewer took him to task, deplored his 
 use of quotation, and claimed that his own 
 contribution to his books was almost en- 
 tirely restricted "to a copious use of con- 
 junctions." Because he wrote so well, every- 
 one may now wish that he had given more 
 of himself and less of what "someone had 
 said." This is emphasized by the fact that 
 his book on Tom Corwin, Ohio governor 
 and United States Senator, has come to be 
 regarded as his best. Russell knew Corwin, 
 and he was able to recall him in such a 
 way that Corwin's character, wit, mental 
 powers, and oratorical genius — the very 
 man, himself — live in these delightful pages. 
 Russell's imagination was also stirred by 
 the old town of Lebanon, where Corwin 
 lived, and the men with whom he asso- 
 ciated. "Giants there were in those days in 
 the little valley," he wrote. In his final 
 book he put aside paste and scissors, to 
 write without benefit of quotation. Describ- 
 ing a community not as it was but as he 
 would have it, Sub-Coelum continues to be 
 an unusual contribution to Utopian litera- 
 ture. Remarkable for what it omits, Rus- 
 sell's version of the ideal society reveals 
 nothing in the way of political readjust- 
 ment, the revolutionary force of scientific in- 
 vention, or the unfolding of a philosophical 
 idea. It was, instead, based on an en- 
 lightened change in people's conduct: they 
 had adopted the rule of common sense and 
 had stopped doing the things that had long 
 annoyed the author. A critic in the Dial 
 observed that it was a society adjusted to 
 people "with shaky nerves and east-wind 
 susceptibilities." In his later years, Dr. 
 Russell became Wilmington's grand old 
 man of letters, the final source of authority 
 on matters of historical and literary inter- 
 est. Though kind and genial, he fulfilled 
 this role with sufficient dignity to arouse 
 feelings of awe in some of his townsmen. 
 His manners were courtly and he held to 
 many of the customs and habits of the past. 
 After Wilmington's public library was 
 opened, he spent much of his time in its 
 
 reading room. Once, walking toward the li- 
 brary, nose in book, he stepped into the 
 soft cement of a newly spread pavement. 
 He looked at his feet, then turned his eyes 
 to the sky. "When," he demanded, "are 
 You going to get this world finished?" He 
 had a wide circle of acquaintance among 
 Ohio's literary men, and when he died, his 
 friend W. H. Venable read a memorial trib- 
 ute at his funeral. 
 
 Gerald D. McDonald 
 Half Tints . . . , New York, 1867. 
 Library Notes, New York, 1875. 
 Thomas Corwin, a Sketch, Cincinnati, 1881. 
 Characteristics. Sketches and Essays, Bos- 
 ton, 1884. 
 A Club of One . . . , Boston, 1887. 
 In a Club Corner . . . , Boston, 1890. 
 Sub-Coelum . . . , Boston, 1893. 
 
 RUSSELL, HOWARD HYDE (Oct. 21, 1855- 
 June 30, 1946), lawyer and reformer, was 
 born in Stillwater, Minn. He taught school 
 and practiced law in Iowa, 1874-82, was a 
 clergyman, 1885-93, and founded the Anti- 
 Saloon League in Ohio in 1893. He lived in 
 Westerville, and held various offices in the 
 Anti-Saloon League. 
 
 A Lawyer's Examination of the Bible, Chi- 
 cago, [1893]. 
 
 RUST, HERMAN (Dec. 8, 1816-Aug. 8, 
 1905), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Bremen, Germany. After coming to the 
 United States in 1841, he studied at Mer- 
 cersburg College and Seminary until 1849, 
 when he was licensed to preach by the 
 Evangelical and Reformed Church. He 
 served a church in Cincinnati, 1851-62, and 
 was a member of the Heidelberg College 
 faculty, 1862-1902. A selection of his 
 theological writings was posthumously pub- 
 lished by his son, John Benjamin Rust 
 (q.v.): A Memorial Volume . . . , Tiffin, 
 1924. 
 
 RUST, JOHN BENJAMIN (Sept. 5, 1856- 
 Sept. 8, 1938), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from Heidelberg College in 
 1877, he served as minister of several Evan- 
 gelical and Reformed churches in Ohio; he 
 was a member of the Heidelberg faculty, 
 1914-35. His writings include Modernism 
 and the Reformation, New York, [1914]. 
 OBB 
 
 RUST, ORTON J. (Aug. 14, 1882-Nov. 4, 
 1951), journalist, was born in Clark County. 
 After graduating from National Normal 
 University, Lebanon, he taught school for 
 a time; he served for many years in the 
 
Rust, R. S. 
 
 546 
 
 advertising department of the Springfield 
 Daily News. He died in Springfield. He pub- 
 lished poems and several pamphlets and 
 books, e.g., Roosevelt Takes Hold . . . , 
 [Springfield. 1933]. 
 
 RUST, RICHARD SUTTON (Sept. 12, 1815- 
 Dec. 22, 1906), educator and clergyman, 
 born in Ipswich, Mass., came to Ohio in 
 1859. He was president of Wilberforce Uni- 
 versity, 1859-63, and Wesleyan Female 
 Seminary in Cincinnati, 1863-65. He was 
 active in various societies and commissions 
 organized to assist the Negro, and in 1866 
 he helped found the Freedmen's Aid So- 
 ciety of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 He was corresponding secretary for more 
 than twenty years and did much to provide 
 educational facilities for the Negro in the 
 South. Besides the title below, he edited 
 Freedom's Gifts in 1840 and a tribute to 
 Bishop Isaac W. Wiley in 1885. He died in 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 The Freedmen's Aid Society of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, Cincinnati, 
 [1880]. 
 
 RUTER, MARTIN (April 3, 1785-May 16, 
 1838), clergyman, was born in Charlton, 
 Mass. He was a Methodist minister in New 
 England until 1820, when he established 
 the Western branch of the Methodist Book 
 Concern at Cincinnati, which under his 
 management became a potent factor in de- 
 veloping Cincinnati as a publishing center 
 in the first half of the nineteenth century. 
 After eight years in Cincinnati, he served 
 as president of Augusta College, Ky., and 
 later of Allegheny College. He died in 
 Texas, where he was serving as a mission- 
 ary. He published The Martyrs, or a History 
 of Persecution, Cincinnati, 1831. 
 
 RUTLEDGE, GEORGE PERRY (May 16, 
 1869-June 20, 1947), clergyman, born in 
 Blacksburg. Va., was pastor of Broad Street 
 Church, Columbus, 1913-16, and edited the 
 Christian Standard in Cincinnati, 1916-22. 
 He published a number of sermons and 
 books on religious questions, e.g., Center- 
 Shots at Rome; A Series of Lectures on 
 Catholicism . . . , Cincinnati, [1914]. WWW 
 2 
 
 RYALL, LYDIA J. (1850-June 30. 1920), 
 was born in Ashland, Ashland County. She 
 published one book, Sketches and Stories 
 of the Lake Erie Islands, Norwalk, 1913. 
 
 RYAN, DANIEL JOSEPH (Jan. 1, 1855-June 
 15, 1923), lawyer and historian, was born 
 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After read- 
 ing law he was admitted to the bar in 
 1877. He practiced law in Portsmouth, held 
 several local offices, served two terms in 
 the General Assembly, and was active in 
 the Republican Party. In addition to the 
 titles below, he published many articles on 
 state history, collaborated with Emilius O. 
 Randall (q.v.) on a five-volume history of 
 Ohio, and compiled a most useful biblog- 
 raphy: The Civil War Literature of Ohio 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1911. 
 Arbitration between Capital and Labor 
 
 . . . , Columbus, 1885. 
 A History of Ohio . . . , Columbus, 1888. 
 The Cuban Question in American Di- 
 plomacy, [Columbus?], 1897. 
 Masters of Men; A Retrospect in Presi- 
 dential Politics, Columbus, 1915. 
 Ohio in Four Wars, a Military History, Co- 
 lumbus. 1917. 
 Historic Failures in Applied Socialism, Co- 
 lumbus, 1920. 
 Lincoln and Ohio, Columbus, 1924. 
 
 RYAN, DON (Sept. 14, 1889- ), was 
 born in Ryansville. Lawrence County. After 
 graduating from Ironton High School, he 
 studied for two years at West Virginia Uni- 
 versity. He worked on the Ironton Register, 
 the Cincinnati Enquirer, and the Ohio State 
 Journal before leaving Ohio for Los An- 
 geles, where he has been a reporter, movie 
 actor, and script writer. He has also written 
 at least two books, e.g., A Roman Holiday, 
 New York, 1930. 
 
 RYAN, MRS. EDWIN L. See Margaret K. 
 Kaser. 
 
 RYAN, JAMES A. (July 1, 1874-Sept. 16, 
 1939), was born in Sandusky, Erie County. 
 He attended Sandusky schools, learned the 
 printing business, and was a printer in 
 Sandusky, 1888-94. He was a reporter on 
 the Sandusky Register, 1894-1900, was 
 press agent for Cedar Point, managed 
 theaters in several cities, and served as post- 
 master of Sandusky, 1914-23. Interested in 
 local history, he was active in the Firelands 
 Historical Society and wrote The Town of 
 Milan . . . , [Sandusky], 1928. OBB 
 
 RYAN, WALTER ANTHONY (April 30, 
 1878-Sept. 2. 1948), lawyer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati in 1898. 
 was admitted to the Ohio bar, and practiced 
 in Cincinnati until his retirement in 1946. 
 He published a book on corporation law 
 and a collection of poems: Childhood Verse, 
 Cincinnati, 1903. 
 
 
547 
 
 Safford, J. M. 
 
 RYDER, ARTHUR WILLIAM (March 8, 
 1877-March 21, 1938), educator, was born 
 in Oberlin, Lorain County. He graduated 
 from Harvard University in 1897 and the 
 University of Leipzig (Ph.D.) in 1901. He 
 taught Sanskrit at Harvard, 1901-06, and 
 the University of California, 1906-38. He 
 published several translations during his 
 lifetime; published posthumously was Orig- 
 inal Poems; Together with Translations 
 from the Sanskrit, Berkeley, Calif., 1939. 
 WWW 1 
 
 RYDER, JAMES FITZALLEN (1826-June 
 2, 1904), photographer, born in New York 
 City, came to Cleveland in 1850. He oper- 
 ated a photography studio on Superior 
 Avenue for more than thirty years. He is 
 said to have been the first American photog- 
 rapher to retouch negatives. He published a 
 book of reminiscences: Voigtldnder and I 
 in Pursuit of Shadow Catching . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1902. 
 
 RYDER, MELVIN (Jan. 26, 1893- ), pub- 
 lisher, was born in Cadiz Junction, Harri- 
 son County. He graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1915, served on the Stars and 
 Stripes, was associated with the Kiplinger 
 Washington Agency, 1921-24, and was 
 afterward an executive of several advertis- 
 ing and publishing firms. Since 1940 he has 
 been president of the Army Times Publish- 
 ing Company. In his final year at Ohio 
 State, he published Rambles Round the 
 Campus, Boston, 1915. WW 30 
 
 RYDER, ROBERT OLIVER (March 9, 
 1875-March 16. 1936), journalist, was born 
 in Oberlin, Lorain County. After graduating 
 from Phillips Academy in 1894, he studied 
 at Yale University and Williams College. 
 He joined the staff of the Ohio State Jour- 
 nal in 1898 and served as editor, 1919-30. 
 He died in Berkeley, Calif. He wrote Young 
 Lady across the Way . . . , Boston, [1913]. 
 
 SAALFIELD, ADAH LOUISE SUTTON 
 
 (June 8, 1860-Nov. 17, 1935), was born in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. She graduated from Hunter 
 College and on Aug. 1, 1885, married Ar- 
 thur J. Saalfield. In 1898, her husband took 
 over the Werner Publishing Co., Akron, 
 and expanded the children's book depart- 
 ment; in 1900, the name of the firm was 
 changed to the Saalfield Publishing Co. She 
 lived in Akron from 1898 until her death. 
 She published many articles, stories, and 
 poems in various periodicals. She un- 
 doubtedly wrote or contributed to more of 
 the publications of her husband's firm than 
 those listed below. The first seven titles 
 were published under her maiden name; 
 the last two, under the pen name Louise A. 
 Field. 
 
 Lingua Gemma. A Cycle of Gems . . . , 
 
 New York, [1894]. 
 Mr. Bunny, His Book, Akron, [1900]. 
 Seeds of April's Sowing, Akron, 1902. 
 Sweeter Still Than This, Akron, [1905]. 
 Teddy Bears, Akron, [1907]. 
 A Little Maid in Toy land, Akron, 1908. 
 Mushroom Fairies, Akron, [1910]. 
 Peter Rabbit and his Pa, Akron, 1916. 
 Peter Rabbit and his Ma, Akron, 1917. 
 
 SABINE, GEORGE HOLLAND (Dec. 9, 
 1880- ), educator, was born in Dayton, 
 
 Montgomery County. After graduating from 
 Cornell University (A.B., 1903; Ph.D., 
 1906), he served on the philosophy faculty 
 of several universities, including Ohio State, 
 1923-31; he also taught at Sage School of 
 Philosophy, Cornell University, 1931-48, 
 and since his retirement has lived in Ithaca, 
 N. Y. His writings include A History of 
 Political Theory, New York, [1937]. WW 26 
 
 SABINE, WALLACE CLEMENT WARE 
 
 (June 31, 1868-Jan. 10, 1919), physicist, 
 was born in Richwood, Union County. He 
 graduated from Ohio State University in 
 1886. He began graduate study at Harvard 
 University in 1886, was appointed an as- 
 sistant in physics in 1889, and was a mem- 
 ber of the Harvard faculty until his death. 
 The deficiencies of the auditorium of Fogg 
 Art Museum aroused his interest in archi- 
 tectural acoustics, the field in which he 
 made his most significant contribution. He 
 published a textbook and occasional tech- 
 nical papers. A posthumous collection was 
 also published: Collected Papers on Acous- 
 tics, Cambridge, 1922. DAB 16 
 
 SAFFORD, JAMES MERRILL (Aug. 13, 
 1822-July 3, 1907), geologist and educator, 
 was born in Muskingum County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio University in 1844. He 
 
Safford, W. E. 
 
 548 
 
 taught at Cumberland University, Lebanon, 
 Tenn., 1848-72, and at Vanderbilt Univer- 
 sity, 1875-1900. He was state geologist of 
 Tennessee, 1854-60 and 1871-1900. With 
 only a compass and a pocket level, he 
 traversed the state on foot and on horse- 
 back to compile the first title listed below. 
 He died in Dallas, Texas. 
 A Geological Reconnaissance of the State 
 
 of Tennessee, Nashville, 1856. 
 Geology of Tennessee, Nashville, 1869. 
 Introduction to the Resources of Tennessee, 
 
 (with J. B. Killebrew), Nashville, 1874. 
 
 SAFFORD, WILLIAM EDWIN (Dec. 14, 
 1859-Jan. 10, 1926), naval officer and 
 scientist, was born in Chillicothe, Ross 
 County, the son of William H. Safford 
 (q.v. ). He graduated from the U. S. Naval 
 Academy in 1880; in the same year, after 
 a chance meeting with Alexander Agassiz, 
 he resolved to equip himself for scientific 
 collecting on naval cruises. His life in the 
 navy provided him with exceptional oppor- 
 tunities for observation in remote places, 
 and he acquired an encyclopedic knowledge 
 of the cultures of the peoples of the South 
 Seas, as well as of ancient American cul- 
 tures. The remarkable breadth of his inter- 
 ests is indicated by a bibliography of more 
 than 100 scientific papers and lectures. He 
 resigned from the navy in 1902 to become 
 assistant botanist in the U. S. Department 
 of Agriculture; in 1915 he was promoted to 
 economic botanist, the position he held at 
 the time of his death. The work that es- 
 tablished his reputation as an ethnobotanist 
 is virtually a handbook of the island of 
 Guam and its history: The Useful Plants of 
 Guam . . . , Washington, 1905. 
 
 SAFFORD, WILLIAM HARRISON (Feb. 
 19, 1821-April 20, 1903), lawyer, was born 
 in Parkersburg, Va., where he was educated 
 at Asbury Academy and studied law. In 
 1848 he moved to Chillicothe, where he be- 
 came a distinguished jurist. His two books 
 on Harman Blennerhassett are indispensa- 
 ble sources on the subject of the so-called 
 Burr conspiracy. 
 
 The Life of Harman Blennerhassett . . . , 
 Chillicothe, 1850. 
 
 The Blennerhassett Papers . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1861. 
 
 SAGE, RUFUS B. (March 17, 1817-Dec. 23, 
 1893), was born in Upper Middletown 
 (Cromwell), Conn. He learned the printing 
 trade in the local printing office, and in 
 1837 he came to Marietta, where a mar- 
 ried sister was living. Here he taught school 
 and worked on the Marietta Gazette. He 
 
 also worked briefly as a printer in Circle- 
 ville and Columbus. In 1840 he published 
 the Harrisonian Straightout in Columbus. 
 In May, 1841, he started for the Oregon 
 territory, and for the next three years he 
 lived in the West as a free trapper and as a 
 member of various groups. His wander- 
 ings took him from Fort Hall to New 
 Mexico. In July, 1844, he was back in Co- 
 lumbus, where he published political news- 
 papers supporting Henry Clay and oppos- 
 ing the annexation of Texas. After a brief 
 period of editing the Chillicothe Gazette, 
 1844-45, he returned to Connecticut, where 
 he passed the remainder of his life as a 
 farmer. His book passed through several 
 editions, some with altered titles. His only 
 other time in Ohio was a visit in 1846-47 to 
 sell the book. 
 
 Scenes in the Rocky Mountains . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1846. 
 
 ST. CLAIR, ARTHUR (March 23, 1736- 
 Aug. 31, 1818), governor of the Northwest 
 Territory, 1789-1820, was born in Thurso, 
 Scotland. As an ensign in the British army, 
 he served in Canada during the French and 
 Indian War; after resigning from the army 
 in 1762, he purchased a large tract of land 
 in western Pennsylvania. During the Revo- 
 lution he served with some distinction 
 throughout Washington's New Jersey cam- 
 paign, but his military record was sullied 
 by his evacuation of Fort Ticonderoga in 
 the summer of 1777. As governor of the 
 Northwest Territory, he alienated many 
 frontiersmen by his conservative views, his 
 overbearing manner, and his opposition to 
 statehood for Ohio; and he was finally re- 
 moved by President Jefferson in 1802. While 
 still territorial governor, he led an expe- 
 dition against the Miami Indians; his force 
 was surprised and defeated on Nov. 4, 
 1791. In 1812, while living in comparative 
 poverty in Pennsylvania, he published a de- 
 fense of his conduct: A Narrative of the 
 Manner in Which the Campaign against the 
 Indians, in the Year One Thousand Seven 
 Hundred and Ninetv-one Was Conducted 
 . . . , Philadelphia, i812. 
 
 SALMANS, LEVI BRIMNER (March 19, 
 1855-Jan. 29, 1938), missionary, was born 
 in Hocking County. He graduated from 
 Asbury University in 1880 and Drew Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1883. Ordained to the 
 Methodist ministry in 1882, he was a mis- 
 sionary in Mexico from 1885 until his re- 
 tirement in 1927. He was head of a Meth- 
 odist boys' school, established a medical 
 mission at Guanajuato, and founded Good 
 Samaritan Hospital and a nurses' training 
 
549 
 
 Sattler 
 
 school. He died in Pasadena, Calif. He pub- 
 lished numerous books in both Spanish and 
 English, e.g., Christian Healing; Or, Mexi- 
 can Evangelism . . . , Guanajuato, Mexico, 
 1919. WW 11 
 
 SAMPSON, MARTIN WRIGHT (Sept. 7, 
 1866-Aug. 22, 1930), educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He grad- 
 uated from the University of Cincinnati in 
 1888 and afterward studied in Munich. He 
 taught English at the University of Iowa, 
 1889-91, Stanford University, 1892-93, 
 Indiana University, 1893-1906, and Cornell 
 University, 1908-30. He published a text- 
 book on composition, edited several literary 
 works, and wrote poems, plays, and a col- 
 lection of stories originally intended for his 
 own children: The Good Giant, Boston, 
 1928. DAB 16 
 
 SANDERS, JAMES HARVEY (Oct. 9, 1832- 
 Dec. 22, 1899), agriculturist, was born in 
 Union County and attended public schools 
 there. In 1852 he moved to Iowa, where 
 he began his career as a journalist. He 
 edited the Western Stock Journal, the Na- 
 tional Livestock Journal, the Spirit of the 
 Times, and the Breeders' Gazette. He com- 
 piled several studbooks and a treatise on 
 barn-building. He committed suicide in 
 Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Horse Breeding . . . , Chicago, 1885. 
 The Breeds of Live Stock, and the Principles 
 of Heredity . . . , Chicago, 1887. 
 
 SANDERS, THOMAS JEFFERSON (Jan. 18, 
 1855-Dec. 26, 1946), educator, was born 
 near Burbank, Wayne County. After gradu- 
 ating from Otterbein College in 1878, he 
 was a school superintendent in Ohio and 
 Indiana, 1878-91. He was president of Ot- 
 terbein College, 1891-1901, and was pro- 
 fessor of philosophy there, 1901-31. He 
 wrote a number of articles on education 
 and philosophy. 
 
 Philosophy of the Christian Religion, Day- 
 ton, 1890. 
 
 SANDERSON, EUGENE CLAREMONT 
 
 (March 24, 1859-1940), clergyman, was 
 born in Fayette County. He graduated from 
 Drake University (A.B., 1883; B.D., 1893). 
 Ordained to the ministry of the Disciples 
 of Christ in 1883, he preached as an evan- 
 gelist and as pastor of several churches in 
 the Northwest. In 1895 he founded Eugene 
 Bible University, Eugene, Oreg., and served 
 as its president until 1929. He published 
 Bible and History Studies . . . , Eugene, 
 Oreg., 1912. WW 16 
 
 SANGER, MARGOT (Dec. 5, 1890- ), 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. She at- 
 tended Toledo schools and Ferry Hall, Lake 
 Forest, 111. She has conducted children's 
 radio programs in Toledo, Cleveland, and 
 other cities, and has published a collection 
 of stories: Anne to Zonia, New York, 
 [1950]. 
 
 SANTLEY, MARY McDERMOTT (Dec. 4, 
 1842-Dec. 19, 1921), educator, was born 
 in Ontario, Richland County. After gradu- 
 ating from Baldwin University in 1865, 
 she taught French at Conference Seminary, 
 Maumee, until her marriage to W. R. Sant- 
 ley in 1868. She later taught art at Baldwin 
 University, 1899-1902. She was active in 
 the Methodist Church and in the temper- 
 ance movement. 
 
 An Elect Lady, Cleveland, 1892. 
 Margery Rae, Cleveland, 1892. 
 Indian Romances, and Other Poems, Cleve- 
 land, 1911. 
 
 SANTMYER, HELEN HOOVEN (Nov. 25, 
 1895- ), was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 ilton County. She graduated from Welles- 
 ley College in 1918 and from Oxford Uni- 
 versity, England, in 1927. She worked on 
 the editorial staff of Scribner's Magazine, 
 taught English at Wellesley College and at 
 Cedarville College, and is now in the ref- 
 erence department of the Dayton Public 
 Library. She lives in Xenia. She has pub- 
 lished fiction, poetry, and essays in vari- 
 ous magazines, and has also published three 
 novels, e.g., Herbs and Apples, Boston, 
 1925. WW 21 
 
 SARCHET, CYRUS PARKINSON BEATTY 
 
 (Nov. 17, 1828-July 31, 1913), was born 
 in Cambridge, Guernsey County, and was 
 educated in the schools of that city. Though 
 a successful farmer, he found time to write 
 many articles on local history, which he 
 contributed to local newspapers over a 
 period of fifty years. He died in Cambridge. 
 He also wrote a family history and History 
 of Guernsey County, Ohio, 2 vols., Indiana- 
 polis, 1910. 
 
 SATTLER, ERIC ERICSON (Nov. 4, 1859- 
 July 5, 1926), physician, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from Woodward High School in 1878 and 
 from Miami Medical College in 1882; he 
 also studied medicine in Europe. He was 
 the first doctor to call attention to the nerve 
 endings in the cornea. He died in Cincin- 
 nati. 
 
 A History of Tuberculosis . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1883. 
 
Sauer, L. W. 
 
 550 
 
 SAUER, LOUIS WENDLIN (Aug. 13, 1885- 
 ), pediatrist, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from the 
 University of Cincinnati in 1907 and from 
 Rush Medical College in 1913. He practiced 
 in Chicago and Evanston, 111., specializing 
 in pediatrics and immunology, and taught 
 at Northwestern University. Besides medical 
 articles, he has published a popular book 
 on the care of children: Nursery Guide for 
 Mothers and Nurses, St. Louis, 1923. WW 
 30 
 
 SAUER, McKINLEY HOBART (Mack) 
 (June 28, 1896-Feb. 5. 1960). journalist, 
 was born in Powellsville, Scioto County, 
 and lived near Leesburg, Highland County. 
 He owned and edited several newspapers, 
 including the Leesburg Citizen and the New 
 Vienna Reporter, and also operated a radio 
 station in Hillsboro. He published poems 
 and stories in various magazines, broadcast 
 over a Middletown radio station, and was 
 widely popular as a speaker. He published 
 The Editor Squeaks, [Greenfield, 1941]. 
 
 SAUNDERS, DAVID BALL (Aug. 29, 1907- 
 Nov. 23, 1926), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from Wal- 
 nut Hills High School in 1925 and was at- 
 tending Marietta College when he died. A 
 memorial edition of his verse was pub- 
 lished: Poems of David Ball Saunders, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1927. 
 
 SAVAGE, ANN PAYNE (Sept. 10, 1890- 
 ), was born in Sandusky, Erie County. 
 She attended Sandusky schools. She has 
 lived for much of her life in Flint, Mich., 
 where her husband, Beryl M. Savage, is an 
 engineer with General Motors. She has 
 written several magazine articles and a 
 novel: Erie Kerrelly, Philadelphia, 1944. 
 
 SAVAGE, THOMAS JEFFERSON (Jan. 15, 
 1852-Feb. 19, 1928), physician, was born 
 in Fayette County. He practiced medicine 
 in Bowersville, Greene County, for many 
 years. Later he moved to Xenia, where he 
 established a sanitarium and limited his 
 practice to alcoholics. He wrote a book on 
 alcoholism and The Old Doctor's Vision, and 
 Other Poems, [Xenia, 1920]. 
 
 SAWVEL, FRANKLYN B. (Oct. 3, 1850- 
 Jan. 23, 1933), educator, was born in Ger- 
 mane Harrison County. He graduated from 
 Hopedale College in 1875 and afterward 
 taught at Augusta Academy, Northeastern 
 Ohio Normal College, and Thiel College. 
 He published Logan the Mingo, Boston, 
 [1921]. WW 11 
 
 SAWYER, FRANKLIN (July 13, 1825-Aug. 
 23, 1895), lawyer, was born on a farm in 
 Auburn Township, Richland County (now 
 a part of Crawford County). Admitted to 
 the Ohio bar in 1847, he practiced in Nor- 
 walk until the outbreak of the Civil War. 
 He joined the 8th O.V.I, as a captain in 
 June, 1861; was wounded at Spottsylvania 
 Court House on May 12, 1864; and was 
 discharged as a lieutenant colonel on July 
 13, 1864. He resumed his law practice in 
 Norwalk. 
 
 A Military History of the 8th Regiment 
 . . . , (George A. Groot, ed.), Cleveland. 
 1881. 
 
 SAWYER, LEICESTER AMBROSE (July 
 28, 1807-Dec. 29, 1898), clergyman, born 
 in Pinckney, N. Y., came to Columbus in 
 1840 to become president of Central Col- 
 lege. Before leaving Ohio in 1850, he also 
 served Presbyterian churches in Columbus 
 and Monroeville. He later gave up the 
 ministry to become a journalist. He trans- 
 lated portions of the Bible and wrote sev- 
 eral books on theological questions, e.g., 
 Critical Exposition of Baptism . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, [1844]. 
 
 SAXBY, HOWARD (1854-May 2, 1923), 
 journalist, was born in Corydon, England, 
 the son of an Anglican rector. After work- 
 ing as a reporter in London, he came to the 
 United States in the late 1870s. In 1893 he 
 established Saxby's Magazine in Cincinnati. 
 He was popular as a humorous lecturer and 
 after-dinner speaker. His death occurred in 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 As through an Eye-glass, Cincinnati, 1892. 
 Wifely Worries and Other Poems . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1894. 
 Saxby's Scrapbook . . . , Cincinnati, 1897. 
 Dulcamara; Selections in Prose and Verse 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, [190- ?]. 
 
 SAYLER, HARRY L. (Feb. 13, 1863-May 
 31, 1913), prolific writer of books for boys, 
 was born in Montgomery County. His family 
 moved to Shelbyville, Ind., in 1868. He 
 graduated from Asbury University in 1885, 
 edited the Wabash Times for a brief period, 
 and in 1888 moved to Chicago. His books, 
 which appeared in "The Airship Boys" 
 series and similar series, were published 
 under various pen names, including Ashton 
 Lamar, Elliott Whitney, and Gordon Stuart. 
 A typical title is When Scout Meets Scout; 
 Or, the Aeroplane Spv, Chicago, [1912]. 
 AATB 
 
 SAYLOR, LETTIE HOSKINS (Jan. 16, 
 1900- ), born in Rockcastle County, Ky., 
 
551 
 
 Schenck, E. 
 
 has lived in Cincinnati since 1940. She has 
 published poetry in various magazines and 
 anthologies, and is the author of several 
 novels about Kentucky, e.g., Cradle Valley, 
 New York, 1946. 
 
 SAYRS, WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER (Nov. 
 18, 1861-Feb. 23, 1937), educator, was 
 born in Sabina, Clinton County. He was 
 educated at Wilmington College and Haver- 
 ford College. He taught in Cincinnati high 
 schools until 1923, and after his retirement 
 he taught at Cincinnati Bible Seminary. He 
 published a grammar textbook and a long 
 religious poem: The Temple Smith, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1935. 
 
 SCHAEFER, JACK WARNER (Nov. 19 
 1907- ), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. He graduated from Oberlin 
 College in 1929 and for a number of years 
 served on the editorial staffs of various 
 newspapers. He has written considerable 
 fiction about the West. His best-known 
 novel is Shane, Boston, 1949, the basis of 
 a notable motion picture. WW 30 
 
 SCHAFF, DAVID SCHLEY (Oct. 17, 1852- 
 March 2, 1941), Presbyterian clergyman 
 and educator, was professor of church his- 
 tory at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, 1897— 
 1903. He published several books on reli- 
 gious themes, including a biography, John 
 Huss; His Life, Teachings and Death . . . , 
 New York, 1915. WWW 1 
 
 ist missionary. The family was brought to 
 Cleveland in 1881, when the Missionary So- 
 ciety called her father to work among the 
 Bohemians of that city. Known as the 
 "apostle to the Slavs," he established sev- 
 eral churches and a training school for 
 missionaries in Cleveland. Rachel grew up 
 in Cleveland and graduated from Central 
 High School. After graduating from Vassar 
 College in 1897, she taught school in the 
 East. She now lives in Meriden, Conn. She 
 published The Goodly Fellowship, New 
 York, 1912. WW 12 
 
 SCHAUFFLER, RORERT HAVEN (April 
 8, 1879-1945), was born in Brunn (Brno), 
 Austria (now Czechoslovakia), the son of 
 Henry A. Schauffler and brother of Grace 
 L. and Rachel C. Schauffler (qq.v.). His 
 father came to Cleveland in 1881, and 
 Robert's boyhood was spent in that city. 
 He attended the music academy of North- 
 western University and studied the cello 
 under Bruno Steindel of the Chicago Sym- 
 phony. After graduating from Princeton in 
 1902, he studied music in Germany and 
 appeared in America and Europe as a pro- 
 fessional cellist. He also achieved some suc- 
 cess as a sculptor while residing in New 
 York City. He wrote a number of books of 
 travels, poetry, and familiar essays, but per- 
 haps was best known for his biographies of 
 composers, e.g., Beethoven, the Man Who 
 Freed Music, 2 vols., New York, 1929. 
 WW 27 
 
 SCHAFF, MORRIS (Dec. 28, 1840-Oct. 19, 
 1929), army officer, was born in Kirkers- 
 ville, Licking County. He graduated from 
 the U. S. Military Academy in 1862 and 
 served in the army until 1871. He wrote 
 several books on the Civil War, e.g., The 
 Sunset of the Confederacy, Boston, [1912], 
 and a charming account of pioneer life in 
 central Ohio: Etna and Kirkersville, Boston, 
 1905. WWW 1 
 
 SCHAUFFLER, GRACE LEAVITT (Nov. 25, 
 1894- ), sister of Robert H. and Rachel 
 C. Schauffler (qq.v.), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. A graduate of 
 Oberlin College, she was a reporter for 
 some years on the Oberlin Times and still 
 lives in Oberlin. She has published several 
 books for children, e.g., Hi! Winkie, New 
 York, [1928]. 
 
 SCHAUFFLER, RACHEL CAPEN (March 
 9, 1876- ), educator, was born in 
 Briinn (Brno), Austria (now Czechoslo- 
 vakia), where her father, Henry Albert 
 Schauffler, was serving as a Congregational- 
 
 SCHEIBE, FRED KARL (Dec. 2, 1911- ), 
 educator, born in Kiel, Germany, came to 
 the United States in 1928. He was on the 
 faculty of Western College for Women, Ox- 
 ford, 1947-51, and of the University of 
 Cincinnati, 1952-54. He is now on the 
 faculty of Thiel College. His writings in- 
 clude a collection of poems: Reflections, 
 [Oxford, 1948]. DAS 3 
 
 SCHENCK, EARL (May 13, 1889- ), was 
 born in Columbus, Franklin County. After 
 graduating from Ohio State University in 
 1911, he was an actor in New York and 
 Hollywood until an eye disorder forced his 
 retirement. He went to Hawaii, where he 
 wrote and produced plays. He also visited 
 Fiji, New Zealand, Samoa, and other areas. 
 After returning to the United States in 
 1938, he lectured on Polynesia. During 
 World War II, he served as a consultant 
 to the U. S. Navy. In 1958 he returned to 
 Papeete, Tahiti, where he now lives with his 
 wife and son. He has written three books 
 on his experiences, e.g., Come unto These 
 Yellow Sands, Indianapolis, [1940]. 
 
Schenck, L. 
 
 552 
 
 SCHENCK, LUCETTA (Aug. 12. 1855-Feb. 
 2, 1944) was born in Franklin, Warren 
 County. She died in Chicago, 111. Her book 
 covers the church history of Franklin from 
 1796, and the history of the Franklin Pres- 
 byterian Church from 1817 to 1884. 
 The History of the Presbyterian Church of 
 Franklin, Ohio, Lebanon, 1886. 
 
 SCHENCK, ROBERT CUMMING (Oct. 4, 
 1809-March 23, 1890), lawyer, congress- 
 man, and diplomat, was born in Franklin, 
 Warren County, the son of William C. 
 Schenck, the founder of the town. He 
 graduated from Miami University in 1827, 
 was admitted to the bar in 1833, and prac- 
 ticed in Dayton. He served in Congress 
 from 1843 to 1851, when he was appointed 
 minister to Brazil. He worked for the nomi- 
 nation of Lincoln and campaigned for him. 
 In 1861 he was appointed brigadier general. 
 He was wounded at Second Bull Run and 
 resigned from the army on Dec. 3, 1863, 
 with the rank of major general. He served 
 again in Congress until 1870, when he was 
 named ambassador to Great Britain, a post 
 he filled until 1876. Afterward he returned 
 to Washington, D. C, where he practiced 
 law for the remainder of his life. In the 
 summer of 1872, while he was visiting at 
 an English country house in Somersetshire, 
 his hostess asked him to write down some 
 of the rules of the American game of poker. 
 He was surprised and complimented several 
 weeks later when he received copies of the 
 rules that a fellow guest had printed on a 
 private press. In 1880 he permitted his rules 
 to be republished in America, with the re- 
 sult that he became recognized as an au- 
 thority on the game and also received con- 
 siderable criticism from American religious 
 groups. Except for some of his speeches in 
 the House of Representatives, Draw was his 
 only publication. 
 Draw Rules for Playing Poker, [n.p., 1872]. 
 
 SCHEVILL, FERDINAND (Nov. 12, 1868- 
 Dec. 10. 1954), educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County, the elder brother 
 of Rudolph Schevill (q.v. ). He graduated 
 from Yale University in 1889 and from the 
 University of Freiberg, Germany, (Ph.D.) 
 in 1892. He was on the history faculty of 
 the University of Chicago, 1892-1937. Au- 
 thor of several popular textbooks on Euro- 
 pean history, he also wrote biographies, e.g., 
 Karl Bitter . . . , Chicago, [1917]. WWW 3 
 
 SCHEVILL, RUDOLPH (June 18. 1874-Feb. 
 17, 1946), educator, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1896 and from the Uni- 
 
 versity of Munich (Ph.D.) in 1898. He 
 taught languages at Bucknell University, 
 Yale University, and the University of Cali- 
 fornia. He edited an eighteen-volume edi- 
 tion of the works of Cervantes and wrote 
 a biography: Cervantes, New York, 1919. 
 WWW 2 
 
 SCHIFF, BESSIE IKE (Sept. 20, 1889- 
 ), educator, was born in St. Paris, 
 Champaign County. She taught in the pub- 
 lic schools of Shelby County and now lives 
 in Sidney. A number of her poems have 
 been printed in magazines and anthologies. 
 Her stories for children include The Travel- 
 ing Gallery, Chicago, 1936. WO 1 
 
 SCHILLING, JOHN L. (1842-May 8, 1911). 
 was born in Harper's Ferry, Va. He came 
 to Toledo in 1895 and was engaged in the 
 insurance business in that city for the re- 
 mainder of his life. 
 A Digression, Respectfully Dedicated to the 
 
 Colored Citizens of the United States, 
 
 Wheeling, [W. Va.], 1883. 
 Burst Asunder! . . . , [Bellaire], 1892. 
 The Three Emancipators . . . , [Bellaire, 
 
 1892]. 
 The Story of John Brown's Raid . . . , 
 
 Toledo, 1895. 
 
 SCHILLING, ROBERT WILSON (April 1. 
 1878- ), physician, was born in Jewett. 
 Harrison County. After graduating from 
 Ohio State University in 1901, he attended 
 the medical school and began practice in 
 New Somerset in 1903. Except for service 
 in the Medical Corps, 1917-19, he has since 
 practiced in Jefferson County. Now a resi- 
 dent of Toronto, he has been county health 
 officer since 1953. He has written two 
 books of stories about the country around 
 Toronto and Knoxville, e.g., The Yellow 
 Creek Stories, [Toronto, 1947]. 
 
 SCHLESINGER, ARTHUR MEIER (Feb. 
 27, 1888- ), historian, was born in 
 Xenia, Greene County, the son of Bernhard 
 and Katherine Feuerle Schlesinger. His 
 father, a German immigrant, who had few 
 educational opportunities in Germany, served 
 for thirty years as a member of the Xenia 
 School Board and derived great satisfaction 
 from the fact that all his children could 
 enjoy the advantages of a university educa- 
 tion in the land of his choice. His son 
 Arthur received his undergraduate degree 
 from Ohio State University in 1910, went on 
 to Columbia for graduate study in history, 
 and received his M.A. degree from that Uni- 
 versity in 1911 and his Ph.D. in 1917. In 
 1914, he married Elizabeth Bancroft of Co- 
 
553 
 
 Schlesinger, A. M., Jr. 
 
 lumbus, and became the father of three chil- 
 dren: a daughter who died in infancy, and 
 two sons, Arthur Meier, Jr. (q.v.) and 
 Thomas Bancroft. In 1912, Schlesinger re- 
 turned to Columbus as a member of the 
 department of American history of Ohio 
 State University, to begin a teaching career 
 which was to continue for 42 years. He 
 remained in Columbus until 1919, when he 
 left for Iowa to become the head of the 
 department of history at the state university 
 in Iowa City. During his five years there, he 
 was unusually successful in building a strong 
 department and in attracting a notable group 
 of graduate students, some of whom made 
 distinguished records as teachers and produc- 
 tive scholars in later years. In 1924, Schles- 
 inger left the Middle West for a professor- 
 ship at Harvard, where he taught until his 
 retirement in 1954, and where he held the 
 Francis Lee Higginson professorship after 
 1931. He also served at various times as visit- 
 ing professor at the universities of London, 
 Edinburgh, and Leyden. Although his major 
 interests have always been in teaching, 
 directing scholarly research, and publication, 
 Schlesinger has served on a number of pub- 
 lic commissions. In 1918 and 1919, as chair- 
 man of the Historical Commission of Ohio. 
 he directed the collection of the source ma- 
 terials for World War I now on deposit in 
 the Library of the Ohio Historical Society 
 in Columbus; during World War II, he 
 served on the committee on the records of 
 war administration of the U. S. Govern- 
 ment. As a member of several other Federal 
 commissions, he has been concerned with a 
 variety of problems, ranging from freedom 
 of the press and the American Indian to 
 the preparation of national historical publi- 
 cations. From 1948 to 1954, he was chair- 
 man of the United Labor Commission of 
 Massachusetts. From 1924 to 1941, he was 
 a member of the Social Science Research 
 Council, and served as its chairman, 1930— 
 1933. He has been a trustee of RadclifTe 
 College since 1942, and at present is chair- 
 man of the committee of consultants for 
 the preparation of a biographical dictionary 
 of notable American women, sponsored by 
 RadclifTe College. Needless to add, he has 
 been active in many historical societies, 
 serving as a member of their executive 
 councils and editorial boards. In 1942, he 
 was elected president of the American His- 
 torical Association, the highest honor which 
 the historical guild can bestow upon one of 
 its members. Schlesinger's major interest 
 has always been in teaching, in stimulating 
 and directing promising young scholars in 
 their research, and in his own long list of 
 scholarly publications. His doctoral dis- 
 
 sertation at Columbia, The Colonial Mer- 
 chants and the American Revolution, which 
 won the Justin Winsor prize of the Ameri- 
 can Historical Association, was a brilliant, 
 pioneering examination of the economic 
 causes of the American Revolution. His 
 New Viewpoints in American History 
 (1922), a series of penetrating essays into 
 neglected fields, led to a number of studies 
 that broke new ground. In 1925, Schlesinger 
 wrote the second volume of the Hockett and 
 Schlesinger Political and Social History of 
 the United States, long the leading college 
 text in the field, which went through three 
 revised editions. Schlesinger's special inter- 
 est in American cultural and intellectual 
 history, a field in which he is universally 
 respected as an important pioneer, led to 
 the publication by the Macmillan Company 
 of the thirteen-volume History of American 
 Life, under the joint-editorship of Schles- 
 inger and the late Dixon Ryan Fox, with 
 each volume written by a recognized expert 
 in the field of social and cultural history. 
 Schlesinger's own contribution, The Rise of 
 the City (1933), stimulated much interest 
 in the complex problems arising from the 
 urbanization of our society, and was di- 
 rectly responsible for much research and 
 publication by other scholars in this long 
 neglected area. Other volumes which give 
 further evidence of Schlesinger's wide 
 range of interests are his history of Ameri- 
 can books on etiquette (1946), his Paths 
 to the Present (1949), The American As 
 Reformer (1950), and his excellent latest 
 volume (published in 1957), Prelude to 
 Independence, the Newspaper War on Brit- 
 ain, 1746-76, in which he returns to a study 
 of ihe period in which he first won recogni- 
 tion among American historians. Schles- 
 inger also has coauthored numerous vol- 
 umes concerned with social and cultural 
 history, American literature, and the social 
 sciences. His contributions to the profes- 
 sional journals are too numerous to men- 
 tion, although some, like his short essay "A 
 Critical Period in American Religion, 1875— 
 1900" in the Proceedings of the Massachu- 
 setts Historical Society, (June, 1932), merit 
 special attention. Perhaps the fact that the 
 many honors he has received include six 
 honorary doctorates, and that fourteen 
 books have been dedicated to him is the 
 most impressive evidence of the lasting con- 
 tribution Schlesinger has made to American 
 historiography. Cad WmU 
 
 SCHLESINGER, ARTHUR MEIER, JR. 
 
 (Oct. 15, 1917- ), was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County, where his father, A. M. 
 Schlesinger. Sr. (q.v.), was a member of 
 
Schmeckebier 
 
 554 
 
 the faculty of Ohio State University. The 
 Schlesingers in American history join the 
 Clarks in economics (John Bates Clark and 
 his son, John Maurice) as one of the few 
 father-son combinations to earn outstanding 
 reputations in a single discipline. In due 
 course, A. M. Schlesinger, Sr., joined the 
 Harvard faculty; so, too, did the son. After 
 graduating from Harvard with highest 
 honors in 1938 (his senior thesis became 
 his first book: Orestes A. Brownson: A Pil- 
 grim's Progress, 1939), after enjoying three 
 productive years as a member of the So- 
 ciety of Fellows of Harvard University 
 (the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Age of 
 Jackson, 1945, was written during this 
 period), after serving with distinction in 
 the Office of War Information and the Of- 
 fice of Strategic Services during the war, 
 and free-lancing briefly after the war, Ar- 
 thur M. Schlesinger, Jr., joined the Harvard 
 faculty in 1947 as one of the youngest as- 
 sociate professors ever appointed by that 
 institution. Now on leave as an adviser to 
 President Kennedy, he is one of Harvard's 
 best-known teachers and scholars. In a mere 
 dozen years he has produced more than 
 most men of letters do in a lifetime. The 
 Vital Center (1949) is a vigorous statement 
 of the anticommunist liberal position. The 
 General and the President (1951), written 
 with Richard Rovere, is a penetrating an- 
 alysis of the fundamental issues raised by 
 the MacArthur case. A Guide to Politics 
 (1954), written in collaboration with 
 Quincy Howe, is a lively survey of the 
 American political scene. He is now hard 
 at work on his major study, The Age of 
 Roosevelt. The first volume, The Crisis of 
 the Old Order, appeared in 1957; the 
 second, The Coming of the New Deal, in 
 1959; and the third, The Politics of Up- 
 heaval, in 1960. The remaining volumes are 
 eagerly awaited. Reviewers have acclaimed 
 his work as "brilliant," "cogent," "signifi- 
 cant," "rich," "pioneering," "exhaustive," 
 "painstaking," etc. Bernard De Voto pre- 
 dicted that The Age of Jackson would "cre- 
 ate a school," and surely the fresh, daring, 
 and sharply drawn analogies between our 
 past and our present have had a notable 
 impact on the writing of American history. 
 Like all great historians, he helps us re- 
 discover the present in the past. In Gerald 
 W. Johnson's words, Schlesinger has "the 
 enormous merit of saying something." No 
 one will put down the Roosevelt volumes, 
 for example, without the feeling that he has 
 gained new insight into the meaning and 
 continuity of the American experience. 
 Schlesinger has said of himself that he is 
 primarily interested in the relationship be- 
 
 tween thought and action — in tracing the 
 course ideas take as they travel from men 
 of thought to men of action. One of the 
 extraordinary facts about this energetic 
 man is the combination of thought and 
 action in his own life. He was a founder 
 and long-time national vice-chairman of 
 Americans for Democratic Action. He has 
 actively participated in Democratic politics 
 at the local, state, and national levels. I 
 know personally, from his extraordinary 
 help to me in the 1952 and 1956 Presiden- 
 tial campaigns, the depth of his thought 
 and the vigor of his action. He is prob- 
 ably as well informed as any man about 
 the functioning of American political insti- 
 tutions, and he may be found wherever and 
 whenever the good fight for the free so- 
 ciety calls. His weapons are ideas — made 
 instruments of action by his remarkable 
 control over the words which express them. 
 The list of Schlesinger's articles on topics 
 of current importance in national life is 
 too long to catalogue here, but he has been 
 a frequent contributor to such journals as 
 Fortune and Life (his exposure of the 
 American Communist Party for Life will 
 long be remembered as a model of its 
 kind). His short pieces are timely, keen, 
 wise, and combative, for he is a fighting 
 man. The writing, like the man, makes ex- 
 ceedingly good company. To know him is 
 to value him as a warm, friendly, coura- 
 geous, high-spirited person, who finds inter- 
 est in everything and makes every occasion 
 pleasurable — a delightful guest and, with 
 his charming and talented wife and en- 
 dearing family, a sparkling host. Arthur 
 Schlesinger's reputation is already solidly 
 established at the ripe young age of 43. As 
 a reviewer said not long ago, his work is a 
 "permanent enrichment" of American his- 
 torical writing. Perhaps most important in 
 a country in which many people "take" his- 
 tory as children "take" medicine, he has 
 taught thousands of his countrymen to en- 
 joy, with him, the rediscovery of our past 
 as a means to understanding where we are 
 and where we are going. 
 
 Adlai E. Stevenson 
 
 SCHMECKEBIER, LAWRENCE ELI 
 
 (March 1, 1906- ), born in Chicago 
 Heights, 111., was director of Cleveland In- 
 stitute of Art, 1946-54. He has published 
 several books on the fine arts, e.g., Modern 
 Mexican Art, Minneapolis, [1939]. WW 30 
 
 SCHMITT, BERNADOTTE EVERLY (May 
 19, 1886- ), educator, born in Stras- 
 burg, Va., was on the history staff of West- 
 ern Reserve University. 1909-14. On the 
 
555 
 
 Scholl 
 
 University of Chicago faculty, 1914-46, he 
 wrote a number of historical works, includ- 
 ing one for which he received the Pulitzer 
 Prize: The Coming of the War . . . , 2 
 vols., New York, 1930. WW 30 
 
 SCHMUTZ, GEORGE S. (July 22, 1846- 
 Sept. 25, 1908), was born in Chester Town- 
 ship, Wayne County. He served as a private 
 in the 102nd O.V.I., Aug., 1862-June, 1865. 
 He was captured at Athens, Ga., in Sept., 
 1864, and was imprisoned for the remainder 
 of the war. His death occurred in Wooster. 
 He wrote History of the 102nd Regiment 
 . . . , [Wooster], 1907. 
 
 SCHNEIDER, FREDERICK WILLIAM 
 
 (Dec. 28, 1862-Dec. 18, 1941), clergyman 
 and educator, was born in Boonville, Ind. 
 He graduated from German Wallace Col- 
 lege in 1886 and from Drew Theological 
 Seminary in 1889. He lived in Ohio at 
 various intervals: as a teacher at German 
 Wallace College, 1886-94 and 1897-1909; 
 as a Methodist pastor in Delaware, 1894— 
 95; and as an official of the Methodist 
 Board of Sunday Schools in Cincinnati, 
 1914-20. His writings include System der 
 Christlichen Lehre, Cincinnati, [1908]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 SCHNEIDER, HERBERT WALLACE 
 
 (March 16, 1892- ), educator, son of 
 Frederick W. Schneider (q.v.), was born in 
 Berea, Cuyahoga County. A graduate of 
 Columbia University (A.B., 1915; Ph.D., 
 1917), he has taught philosophy and re- 
 ligion at his alma mater since 1918. He 
 is editor of The Journal of Philosophy and 
 has written significant studies of Fascism 
 in Italy and of religion and philosophy in 
 America, e.g., The Puritan Mind, New York, 
 [1930]. WW 30 
 
 SCHNEIDER, HERMAN (Sept. 12, 1872- 
 March 28, 1939), educator, born in Sum- 
 mit Hill, Pa., was on the University of Cin- 
 cinnati faculty from 1903 until his death. 
 As dean of the college of engineering and 
 commerce, he introduced the co-operative 
 system. He published a number of books 
 and pamphlets on educational subjects, e.g., 
 Thirty Years of Educational Pioneering 
 . . . , [Cincinnati], 1935. WWW 1 
 
 SCHNEIDER, NORRIS FRANZ (June 20, 
 1898- ), educator, was born in Lowell, 
 Washington County. Since graduating from 
 Ohio State University in 1921, he has 
 taught English in the Zanesville schools. He 
 has been a feature writer for the Zanesville 
 Sunday Times Signal since 1944 and has 
 
 published a number of books on Ohio his- 
 tory, e.g., Y Bridge City; The Story of 
 Zanesville and Muskingum County, Ohio, 
 Cleveland, [1950]. WWMW 6 
 
 SCHOCKMAN, CARL S. (Feb. 6, 1912- ), 
 was born in Coldwater, Mercer County, 
 and still lives in that community, where he 
 owns a tire service company. Around 1930 
 he and his brother made a "hobo" trip 
 through the United States. Later, while re- 
 covering from an attack of tuberculosis, he 
 wrote his memories of that trip: We Turned 
 Hobo . . . , Columbus, [1937]. 
 
 SCHODDI, GEORGE HENRY (April 15, 
 1854-Sept. 15, 1917), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, born in Allegheny, Pa., graduated 
 from Capital University in 1872 and from 
 the Seminary in 1874. He studied in Ger- 
 many and graduated from the University 
 of Leipzig (Ph.D.) in 1887. After serving 
 as a Lutheran pastor at Canal Winchester 
 for one year and at Martins Ferry for two, 
 he joined the Capital faculty in 1880. In- 
 ternationally known as a conservative Bibli- 
 cal scholar, he published many articles, 
 a translation of the Book of Enoch, and 
 The Protestant Church in Germany . . . , 
 Philadelphia, [1901]. DAB 16 
 
 SCHOLAE, DR. Pseud. See James D. Gillilan. 
 
 SCHOLL, JOHN WILLIAM (Aug. 17, 1869 
 Sept. 2, 1952), educator, was born near 
 Springfield, Clark County. He graduated 
 from Valparaiso University in 1896 and 
 from the University of Michigan (Ph.D.) 
 in 1905, taught at Chattanooga Normal 
 School, 1896-1900, and was a member of 
 the German Department, University of 
 Michigan, 1902-39. He lectured widely on 
 patriotic themes during World War I. He 
 published many poems in periodicals and 
 also wrote a family history. 
 The Light-bearer of Liberty . . . , Boston, 
 
 [1899]. 
 Social Tragedies, and Other Poems, Boston, 
 
 [1900]. 
 Ode to the Russian People, Boston, [1907]. 
 Hesper-Phosphor, and Other Poems, Ann 
 
 Arbor, 1910. 
 Children of the Sun, Poems, Ann Arbor, 
 
 1916. 
 In Gaea's Garden, Ann Arbor, [1932]. 
 The Rose Jar, Ann Arbor, [1936]. 
 Strenae, Ann Arbor, 1942. 
 Yellow Dwarf and Haughty Rose, Ann 
 
 Arbor, 1942. 
 Beads to Tell, Ann Arbor, 1943. 
 A Midwest Wife, Ann Arbor, 1943. 
 
Schouler 
 
 556 
 
 SCHOULER, WILLIAM (Dec. 31, 1814- 
 Oct. 24, 1872), born in Scotland, was 
 brought to America when he was two years 
 old and spent most of his life in Massachu- 
 setts, where he had a distinguished career 
 as an editor and a public servant. He was 
 in Ohio for five years, as part-owner of the 
 Cincinnati Gazette, 1853-56, and as editor 
 of the Ohio State Journal, 1856-58. His 
 major book was A History of Massachusetts 
 in the Civil War, 2 vols., Boston, 1868-71. 
 
 SCHRAMM, WILBUR LANG (Aug. 5, 1907- 
 ), educator, was born in Marietta, Wash- 
 ington County. He graduated from Marietta 
 College in 1928 and from the State Univer- 
 sity of Iowa (Ph.D.) in 1932. He has been 
 on the faculties of three universities: Iowa, 
 1935-47; Illinois, 1947-55; and Stanford, 
 1955- . He founded the Iowa Writers 
 Workshop in 1937 and has been active in 
 communications research. He has published 
 several books on mass communications and 
 some fiction, e.g., Windwagon Smith and 
 Other Yarns, New York, [1947]. WW 30 
 
 SCHUETTE, CONRAD HERMAN LOUIS 
 
 (June 17, 1843-Aug. 11, 1926), clergyman, 
 born in Hanover, Germany, was brought to 
 the United States in his early boyhood. He 
 graduated from Capital University in 1863 
 and the Lutheran Seminary in 1865. After 
 serving as pastor of a church in Delaware, 
 1865-73, he was on the Capital faculty, 
 1873-95, and afterward served as president 
 of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod, 1895- 
 1925. He published several devotional 
 books and Wiggie: Or, Incidents and Acci- 
 dents from the Earlier and Earliest Years 
 of My Life . . . , Columbus, 1916. WWW 1 
 
 SCHUETTE, WALTER ERWIN (Nov. 14, 
 1867-Aug. 10, 1955), clergyman, son of 
 Conrad H. L. Schuette (q.v.), was born in 
 Delaware, Delaware County. After graduat- 
 ing from Capital University in 1885 and the 
 Lutheran Seminary in 1888, he was or- 
 dained to the Lutheran ministry and served 
 as a pastor in Michigan, Ohio, and West 
 Virginia. He also edited the Lutheran Stand- 
 ard and other magazines. 
 Her Place Assigned. A Story . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, [1898]. 
 The Best Possible Sunday School, Colum- 
 bus, [1927?]. 
 God Save the Home! . . . , Columbus, 
 [1940]. 
 
 SCHUH, LEWIS HERMAN (July 7, 1858- 
 Sept. 29, 1936), clergyman, was born in 
 Galion, Crawford County. He graduated 
 from Capital University in 1860 and was 
 
 ordained to the Lutheran ministry in 1883. 
 He was on the Capital faculty, 1895-1900, 
 and was president of the college, 1901-12. 
 He also served as pastor of Lutheran 
 churches in Canal Winchester, Grove City, 
 and Toledo. He published sermons and 
 books on religious and social themes, e.g., 
 How to Make Marriage a Success, Colum- 
 bus, 1904. WWC 1 
 
 SCHULKERS, ROBERT FRANC (July 21, 
 1890- ), was born in Covington, Ky. 
 While still in high school he began writing 
 stories for boys; the first appeared in the 
 Cincinnati Enquirer in 1904. In 1911 he 
 joined the staff of the Enquirer, and in 1918 
 his "Seckatary Hawkins" stories became a 
 regular feature of the Sunday juvenile page. 
 The stories were syndicated in more than 
 a hundred newspapers, reprinted in book 
 form, and dramatized in radio broadcasts. 
 He left the Enquirer staff in 1926, but re- 
 turned to the paper in 1943 and is still em- 
 ployed there. The first of the series was 
 Adventures in Cuba . . . , Cincinnati, 1921; 
 the last was The Ghost of Lake Tapaho, 
 Cincinnati, 1932. Of the eleven books in 
 the series, all were published under the pen 
 name Seckatary Hawkins except for Stormie 
 the Dog Stealer New York, 1925, which 
 was published under his own name. 
 
 SCHULZE, EDWARD CHARLES (Dec. 17, 
 1887- ), lawyer, was born in Uhrichs- 
 ville, Tuscarawas County. After attending 
 Marion Academy, he graduated from Scio 
 College and from the University of Pitts- 
 burgh School of Law. A resident of East 
 Cleveland, he has published a book of 
 verse: Pilot Lights, New York, [1946]. 
 
 SCHULZE, MILDRED ELEANOR (Nov. 14, 
 1907- ), librarian, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. She graduated from 
 the University of Cincinnati in 1930 and 
 from the University of Illinois Library 
 School in 1943, and has served as librarian 
 in Mariemont and Elmwood. She is now 
 librarian at Bonham Public Library, Wyo- 
 ming, Hamilton County. She has written a 
 history of Elmwood: Elm Tree Days, 
 [Lockland, 1946]. 
 
 SCHUMANN, MARY KANENGEISER (Sept. 
 25, 1885- ), was born in Youngstown, 
 Mahoning County. She attended Youngs- 
 town schools and Columbia University. In 
 1905 she married Lloyd Schumann, from 
 whom she was divorced in 1929. She 
 taught at Youngstown College, 1932-34. 
 After marrying Meredith Hayes in 1934, 
 she lived in New York City and Pittsfield, 
 
557 
 
 Scott, Hervey 
 
 Mass.; she now lives in Bedford. N. Y. She 
 began selling short stories and serial fiction 
 to magazines in 1914. Her first novel in 
 book form had a modern setting: Strong 
 Enchantments, Philadelphia. 1933. She has 
 also written several historical novels with 
 an Ohio background, e.g., Strife before 
 Dawn, New York, 1939. 
 
 SCHURZ, WILLIAM LYTLE (Nov. 25, 
 1886- ), was born in South Lebanon, 
 Warren County. He graduated from the 
 University of California (B. Litt., 1911; 
 Ph.D., 1915) and afterward taught at the 
 University of Michigan, 1915-18. An ex- 
 pert on Latin America, he has served in 
 various governmental agencies and bureaus 
 and has been associated with the American 
 Institute for Foreign Trade since 1946. He 
 was on the staff of the New York Herald- 
 Tribune, 1926-40, and has written a num- 
 ber of books on South America and the 
 Philippine Islands, e.g., The Manila Gal- 
 leon . . . , New York, 1939. WW 30 
 
 SCHUYLER, AARON (Feb. 7, 1828-Feb. 1, 
 1913), born in Seneca County, N. Y., was 
 professor of mathematics at Baldwin Uni- 
 versity, 1862-75, and president, 1873-85. 
 He wrote a number of textbooks in mathe- 
 matics, philosophy, and surveying. He also 
 wrote The Human Soul . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1859. 
 
 SCHWARTZ, JEROME LAWRENCE. See 
 
 Jerome K. Lawrence. 
 
 SCHWARZW ALDER, JOHN (June 21. 1917- 
 ), was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. After graduating from Ohio State 
 University in 1937, he studied voice in New 
 York City. In 1941 he became a major in 
 the Counter-intelligence Corps. He is now 
 general manager of the University of 
 Minnesota television station. He has pub- 
 lished an account of his wartime experi- 
 ences: We Caught Spies, New York, [1946]. 
 
 SCHWERTNER, THOMAS MARIA (1888- 
 Feb. 17, 1933), clergyman, was born in 
 Canton, Stark County. Educated at Canisius 
 College and in Europe, he was ordained to 
 the Roman Catholic priesthood in 1908. 
 He taught at Immaculate Conception Col- 
 lege, Washington, D. C, served several 
 parishes in New York and Washington, and 
 lectured widely in the United States and 
 Great Britain. He wrote several books on 
 religious themes, e.g., St. Albert the Great, 
 New York, [1932]. CWW 1 
 
 SCHWIEBERT, ERNEST GEORGE (Oct. 
 17, 1895- ), educator, was born in 
 
 Deshler, Henry County. He graduated from 
 Capital University in 1921 and from Cor- 
 nell University (Ph.D.) in 1930. He has 
 taught history in several universities and for 
 a time after World War II was with the 
 Office of Military Government for Bavaria. 
 A specialist in the history of the Reforma- 
 tion, he has published several articles and 
 books, notably Luther and His Times . . . , 
 St. Louis, [1950]. WWMW 49 
 
 SCOTT, DANIEL F. (Feb. 24, 1830-Jan. 17, 
 1912), was born in Salem, Columbiana 
 County, but spent most of his life in Hills- 
 boro, where he operated a grocery store and 
 also was in the lumber business. 
 A History of the Early Settlement of High- 
 land County, [Hillsboro], 1890. 
 
 SCOTT, FRANK JESLP (1828-June 13, 
 1919), architect and landscape gardener, 
 was born in Columbia, S. C, the son of 
 Jesup W. Scott (q.v.). Frank designed many 
 buildings and estates in the Toledo area. In 
 1876 he built the Hotel Madison in Toledo 
 and operated it for a time. He died in Nice, 
 France, where he had spent the last ten 
 years of his life. 
 The Art of Beautifying Suburban Home 
 
 Grounds of Small Extent . . . , New 
 
 York, 1870. 
 Suggestions Concerning a National Cur- 
 rency, [Toledo. 1873]. 
 National Works, Toledo, 1878. 
 The Gospel of Bi-Metallism, [Toledo, 
 
 1893]. 
 The Evolution of Suffrage . . . , [Toledo?, 
 
 1903]. 
 Portraitures of Julius Caesar . . . , New 
 
 York, 1903. 
 The Present Status of the Project for a 
 
 Toledo University . . . , Toledo, 1903. 
 
 SCOTT, HENRY DICKERSON (Feb. 26, 
 1893-April 21, 1947), steel company execu- 
 tive, was born in Bridgeport, Belmont 
 County. After graduating from Yale in 
 1914, he worked in various administrative 
 posts in steel plants at Steubenville and 
 Wheeling, W. Va. From 1943 until his 
 death, he was chairman of Scott Lumber 
 Co.. Bridgeport. He published Iron & Steel 
 in Wheeling, Toledo, 1929. WWW 2 
 
 SCOTT, HERVEY (Jan. 30. 1809-C.1896), 
 dentist, was born near Old Town. Greene 
 County. He attended Ohio Medical College, 
 Cincinnati, and began to practice medicine 
 in 1836. In 1839, one year after he settled 
 in Lancaster, he turned to dentistry. He was 
 a practicing dentist for nearly fifty years. 
 In 1891 he moved to Toledo to live with a 
 
Scott, J. W. 
 
 558 
 
 daughter. His interest in the pioneer past 
 resulted in numerous newspaper sketches, 
 as well as the volume listed below. 
 A Complete History of Fairfield County, 
 Ohio, Columbus, 1877. 
 
 SCOTT, JESUP WAKEMAN (1798-Dec. 23, 
 1873), journalist, was born in Fairfield 
 County, Conn. From 1818 to 1830 he lived 
 in South Carolina, where he taught school 
 and practiced law. In 1830 he moved to 
 Florence, Huron County, and started a 
 monthly paper, Ohio and Michigan Register 
 and Emigrant's Guide. A strong belief in 
 the potential growth of inland cities in- 
 duced him to invest heavily in land along 
 the Maumee. In 1833 he moved to Perrys- 
 burg and operated The Miami of Lake Erie. 
 His land holdings so increased in value that 
 he was able to retire to Bridgeport, Conn., 
 where he built a home. In 1837, however, 
 the panic forced him to sell his Bridgeport 
 property and return to Ohio. For a few 
 years in the 1840s he edited the Toledo 
 Blade. He lived most of his remaining years 
 in Toledo, dealing in real estate. With a 
 few friends, he donated 150 acres for an 
 "industrial university and phonetic college," 
 which became the nucleus of the University 
 of Toledo. 
 
 A Presentation of Causes Tending to Fix 
 the Position of the Future Great City of 
 the World in the Central Plain of North 
 America . . . , Toledo, 1868. 
 
 SCOTT, JOHN (April 14, 1824-Sept. 23, 
 1903), lawyer, was born near Richmond, 
 Jefferson County. He attended district 
 schools, read law in Steubenville, and was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar. After serving in 
 the Mexican War, he taught school and 
 edited the Kentucky Whig. In 1856 he 
 moved to Nevada, Iowa, where he practiced 
 law until 1898; the last five years of his 
 life were spent in Des Moines. During the 
 Civil War he commanded the 32nd Iowa 
 Regiment, 1862-64. He is the probable au- 
 thor of Encarnacion Prisoners, which was 
 published anonymously. Besides the titles 
 below, he wrote a family history. 
 Encarnacion Prisoners . . . , Louisville, Ky., 
 
 1848. 
 Story of the Thirty-second Iowa Infantry 
 
 Volunteers, Nevada, Iowa, 1896. 
 
 SCOTT, JOSEPH M. (Jan. 9, 1830-Dec. 18, 
 1919), farmer, was born and reared in 
 Utica, Licking County. From 1852 to 1902 
 he lived on a large farm south of Alexan- 
 dria. He served in the Civil War with the 
 76th O.V.I. The historical sketch listed 
 
 below was published in the Pioneer Society 
 Pamphlets. 
 
 Our Early Times. Historical Sketch of St. 
 A I ban's Township, Newark, 1873. 
 
 SCOTT, MILTON ROBINSON (Oct. 21, 
 1841-June 9, 1921), journalist, was born 
 in Jacksontown, Licking County. He at- 
 tended Marietta College and served three 
 years in the 76th O.V.I. He was an early 
 advocate of women's suffrage and published 
 a paper in the late 1860s devoted to that 
 cause. He also founded and edited the 
 Newark Banner. He died in Newark. 
 Henry Elwood, a Theological Novel, Newark, 
 
 1892. 
 Prison Reform, and Other Topics, Newark, 
 
 1894. 
 Ernest Marble, the Labor Agitator, Newark, 
 
 1895. 
 Paul Vernon, Prisoner, Newark, 1900. 
 Essay on Truth, Newark, [1903]. 
 Essay on Lincoln . . . , Newark, 1906. 
 A Few Thoughts on Crimes and Criminals, 
 
 Newark, 1911. 
 
 SCOTT, ROBERT PITTIS (1852-July 26, 
 1918), inventor, was born in Cadiz, Harri- 
 son County, where his father operated a 
 jewelry store. From boyhood Robert show- 
 ed an interest in machines; he patented his 
 first invention when he was eighteen, and 
 during his lifetime he patented forty more, 
 including an apple and peach parer, a 
 cherry seeder, and a pea huller. In 1893 he 
 became interested in motor-driven vehicles 
 and invented what he called a "go-devil," 
 a combination of the modern motorcycle 
 and automobile, in which he used to ride 
 through the streets of Cadiz. While attend- 
 ing the Paris Exposition of 1900, he bought 
 a gasoline runabout and brought it to 
 Cadiz. It was said to be the first automobile 
 driven over the Alleghenies. In the hope of 
 being the first to fly over the same moun- 
 tains, he worked for some time on a model 
 resembling the modern helicopter. He 
 owned a large farm in Virginia and also 
 bought the Williamsburg Gazette. His book 
 on cycling contains one of the earliest dis- 
 cussions of pneumatic tires. 
 
 H. B. McConnell 
 Cycling Art, Energy, and Locomotion . . . , 
 Philadelphia, 1889. 
 
 SCOTT, SAMUEL PARSONS (July 8, 1846- 
 May 30. 1929), lawyer and student of 
 Spanish history and law, was born in Hills- 
 boro, Highland County. After graduating 
 from Miami University in 1866, he studied 
 law and afterward practiced in Leaven- 
 worth, Kan., and San Francisco. In 1875 
 
559 
 
 Scudder 
 
 he returned to Hillsboro to manage the 
 family properties. The last 54 years of his 
 life were largely devoted to research and 
 writing on early Spanish history. He took 
 the position that the Moorish control of 
 Spain gave the country its most brilliant 
 culture. In the latter part of his life, he de- 
 voted himself to translating Spanish legal 
 codes. He died at Hillsboro. 
 Through Spain: A Narrative of Travel and 
 
 Adventure . . . , Philadelphia, 1886. 
 History of the Moorish Empire in Europe, 
 
 3 vols., Philadelphia, 1904. 
 
 SCOTT, VIRGIL (Aug. 1, 1914- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Vancouver, Wash. When 
 he was ten, his family came to Cleveland, 
 where he attended public school. After at- 
 tending Heidelberg College for three years, 
 he transferred to Ohio State University, 
 from which he graduated in 1936. He 
 taught in Franklin High School, Warren 
 County, for four years before returning to 
 Ohio State, where he completed his doc- 
 torate in 1945. He taught for two years at 
 the University of Minnesota and is now on 
 the faculty of Michigan State University. 
 He has published several novels. Consider- 
 able excitement and speculation were 
 aroused in Franklin and Columbus when 
 he published a fictional account of a young 
 teacher's difficulties in a small Ohio town 
 and at a midwestern university: The Hickory 
 Stick, New York, 1948. ANT 
 
 SCOTT, WALTER (Oct. 31, 1796-April 23, 
 1861), founder with Alexander Campbell 
 (q.v. ) of the Disciples of Christ, was born 
 in Dumfries, Scotland. He came to America 
 in 1818 and to Pittsburgh the following 
 year. In 1821, while teaching school and 
 preaching in Pittsburgh, he met Alexander 
 Campbell and wrote for The Christian Bap- 
 tist, which Campbell founded in 1823. Scott 
 came to Steubenville in 1826 and, in the 
 following year, preached as an evangelist 
 for the Mahoning Baptist Association; most 
 of his numerous converts became members 
 of the rapidly growing Disciples of Christ. 
 Scott remained in Ohio until 1844, living 
 in Canfield, Cincinnati, and Carthage. He 
 returned to Pittsburgh in 1844, remained 
 there until 1850, and spent the last eleven 
 years of his life in Kentucky. To his power 
 as an evangelist is due much of the rapid 
 growth enjoyed by the Disciples of Christ 
 denomination. 
 
 The Gospel Restored, Cincinnati, 1836. 
 A Review of Prof. Stowe's Pamphlet 
 against All Millennial Arithmetic . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1843. 
 The Messiahship, Or the Great Demon- 
 stration, Cincinnati, 1859. 
 
 SCOTT, WILLIAM BERRYMAN (Feb. 12, 
 1858-March 29, 1947), educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He gradu- 
 ated from Princeton University in 1877 and 
 served on the faculty, 1883-1930. 
 Preliminary Report upon the Princeton Sci- 
 entific Expedition of 1882, (with W. F. 
 Magie), Princeton, N. J., 1882. 
 A History of Land Mammals in the West- 
 ern Hemisphere, New York, 1913. 
 The Theory of Evolution . . . , New York, 
 
 1917. 
 Physiography; The Science of the Abode 
 
 of Man, New York, [1922]. 
 Some Memories of a Palaeontologist, 
 Princeton, 1939. 
 
 SCOTT, WILLIAM FORSE (Dec. 27, 1844- 
 1933), lawyer, was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. He attended the schools of 
 Dayton and Washington, D. C. He served 
 in the 4th Iowa Cavalry throughout the 
 Civil War. After the war he read law, was 
 admitted to the bar, and after 1870 prac- 
 ticed in New York City. 
 The Story of a Cavalry Regiment. The Ca- 
 reer of the Fourth Iowa Veteran Volun- 
 teers . . . , New York, 1893. 
 Philander P. Lane, Colonel of Volunteers 
 in the Civil War, Eleventh Ohio In- 
 fantry, [New York?], 1920. 
 
 SCRANTON, STAFFORD S. (April 23, 
 1848-1918), lawyer, was born in Fort Re- 
 covery, Mercer County. He attended Na- 
 tional Normal University, Lebanon, read 
 law, was admitted to the bar, and afterward 
 practiced in Celina. He wrote History of 
 Mercer County . . . , Chicago, 1907. 
 
 SCRIBNER, HARVEY (March 19, 1850- 
 Jan. 21, 1913), lawyer, was born in Mt. 
 Vernon, Knox County. In 1869 his parents 
 moved to Toledo, where he studied law in 
 his father's office and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1871. He spent the remainder of his 
 life in Toledo. 
 
 My Mysterious Clients, Cincinnati, 1900. 
 A Messenger from Santa Clans, and Other 
 
 Christmas Stories, Toledo, [1904]. 
 Memoirs of Lucas County and the City of 
 
 Toledo . . . , Madison, Wis., 1910. 
 
 SCUDDER, JOHN MILTON (Sept. 8, 1829- 
 Feb. 17, 1894), physician, was born in Har- 
 rison, Hamilton County. After working as 
 a cabinetmaker and as a painter and oper- 
 ating a general store, he became interested 
 in eclectic medicine and graduated from 
 Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, in 
 1856. He taught at the institute from 1857 
 until his death and edited the Eclectic Med- 
 
Seagrave 
 
 560 
 
 ical Journal, 1861-94. His leadership was 
 largely responsible for the success of the 
 institute and for the prestige of eclectic 
 medicine in Cincinnati. His books, though 
 largely intended for professional readers, 
 were widely used and went through numer- 
 ous editions. 
 A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of 
 
 Women . . . , Cincinnati, 1857. 
 Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Cincin- 
 nati, 1860. 
 The Eclectic Practice of Medicine, Cincin- 
 nati, 1864. 
 Domestic Medicine: Or, Home Book of 
 
 Health . . . , Cincinnati. 1865. 
 On the Use of Medicated Inhalations . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1866. 
 The Principles of Medicine, Cincinnati, 
 
 1867. 
 The Eclectic Practice in Diseases of Chil- 
 dren, Cincinnati, 1869. 
 A Familiar Treatise on Medicine, Cincin- 
 nati, 1869. 
 Specific Medication and Specific Medicines, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1870. 
 On the Reproductive Organs, and the 
 
 Venereal, Cincinnati, 1874. 
 Specific Diagnosis . . . , Cincinnati, 1874. 
 
 SEAGRAVE, GORDON STIFLER (March 
 18, 1897- ), surgeon, was born in Ran- 
 goon, Burma, the son of Baptist mission- 
 aries. In 1909 his family returned to Amer- 
 ica and settled in Granville, where he spent 
 his boyhood and graduated from Denison 
 University in 1917. In 1922, the year after 
 his graduation from Johns Hopkins Medi- 
 cal School, he sailed for Burma, where he 
 operated a Baptist hospital, trained nurses, 
 and distributed tracts. During World War 
 II, while serving under General Joseph W. 
 Stilwell, he set up base hospitals and ac- 
 companied the army on the retreat from 
 Burma. His family, who were evacuated in 
 1943, spent the war years in Granville. In 
 1950 Dr. Seagrave was accused of treason 
 by a Burmese court and was sentenced to 
 six years' imprisonment. After being cleared 
 by a second trial, he returned to his hos- 
 pital. He published several books on his 
 Burmese life, including an autobiography, 
 which was a best-seller: Burma Surgeon, 
 New York, [1943]. WW 29 
 
 SEARCH, PRESTON WILLIS (April 10, 
 1853-Dec. 12, 1932), educator, was born 
 in Marion, Marion County. He attended 
 University of Wooster and Clark Univer- 
 sity and also did graduate work in Europe. 
 He was a school principal and superintend- 
 ent in various Ohio cities, 1874-88, and 
 later held educational posts in Colorado 
 
 and California. He died in Carmel-by-the- 
 Sea, Calif. He wrote a number of articles 
 and books on educational subjects, e.g., An 
 Ideal School . . . , New York, 1901. WWW 
 1 
 
 SEARIGHT, FRANK THOMPSON (1875- 
 Aug. 10, 1912), journalist, was born in 
 East Liverpool, Columbiana County. He 
 became a cub reporter on The Daily Crisis 
 in 1890 and afterward worked on The 
 Evening Review. After leaving East Liver- 
 pool, he worked on newspapers in Pitts- 
 burgh, Buffalo, New York City, Cleveland. 
 Denver, and San Diego. He died in Los 
 Angeles as a result of injuries suffered in an 
 automobile accident. He wrote a number of 
 magazine articles and an account of the 
 San Francisco earthquake and fire: The 
 Doomed City . . . , Chicago, [1906]. 
 
 SEARL, FERNANDO CORTEZ (July 18, 
 1825-June 26, 1904), lawyer, was born on 
 a farm in Vernon Township, Scioto County. 
 After attending district schools, he began 
 teaching at the age of sixteen. In 1859 he 
 settled in Portsmouth, where he read law, 
 was admitted to the bar in 1863, and served 
 for a time as probate judge. He practiced 
 law in Portsmouth and operated several 
 farms in the surrounding area. A volume of 
 his verse was published posthumously by his 
 son, Clinton M. Searl: Collected Poems of 
 Fernando C. Searl, Portsmouth, 1930. 
 
 SEARS, ANGELINE B. (Sept. 20, 1817-Dec. 
 15, 1848), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. She was converted to Meth- 
 odism in 1830, and in 1842 she married 
 Rev. Clinton W. Sears. The book below, 
 drawn from her letters and diary, was com- 
 piled by Melinda Hamline, wife of Leonidas 
 Hamline (q.v.). 
 
 Memoirs of Mrs. Angeline B. Sears . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1851. 
 
 SEARS, EDMUND HAMILTON (April 6, 
 1810-Jan. 16, 1876), clergyman, was born 
 in Sandisfield, Mass., and spent his entire 
 life in that state except for a period in To- 
 ledo as a missionary of the American Uni- 
 tarian Association, 1837-39. He wrote a 
 number of popular hymns, including "It 
 Came upon a Midnight Clear," and pub- 
 lished several influential books on religious 
 themes, e.g.. The Fourth Gospel, the Heart 
 of Christ, Boston, 1872. 
 
 SEARS, PAUL BIGELOW (Dec. 17, 1891- 
 
 ), educator, was born in Bucyrus. 
 
 Crawford County. He graduated from Ohio 
 
 Wesley an University in 1913 and the Uni- 
 
561 
 
 Seitz, D. C. 
 
 versity of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1922. He 
 has served on the faculties of the Univer- 
 sity of Nebraska, 1919-27, the University 
 of Oklahoma, 1927-38, Oberlin College, 
 1938-50, and Yale University since 1950. 
 Besides professional articles on conserva- 
 tion and ecology, he has published several 
 books, e.g., Deserts on the March, Norman, 
 Okla., 1935. WW 30 
 
 SEASONGOOD, MURRAY (Oct. 27, 1878- 
 ), lawyer, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from Har- 
 vard College in 1900 and from the law 
 school in 1903, after which he practiced 
 in Cincinnati. He was mayor of Cincinnati, 
 1926-30. He has published a number of 
 legal texts and articles and several books 
 on local government and the fight against 
 corruption, e.g., How Political Gangs Work 
 . . . , New York, 1932. WW 30 
 
 SE CHEVERELL, JOHN HAMPTON (Feb. 
 6, 1841-June 16, 1910), physician, was 
 born in Harpersfield Township, Ashtabula 
 County. At an early age he began writing 
 items for the Forest City Gleaner. He en- 
 listed in the 29th O.V.I, in Aug., 1861, 
 was captured at the battle of Winchester in 
 1862, was imprisoned briefly and paroled; in 
 June, 1862, he was discharged for physical 
 disability. A year later, he enlisted in the 
 2nd Ohio Heavy Artillery and served until 
 June, 1865. He studied medicine and be- 
 gan practice in 1867; after 1877 he prac- 
 ticed in Jefferson, where he died. His regi- 
 mental history is based on journals kept by 
 members of the 29th O.V.I. 
 Journal History of the Twenty-ninth Ohio 
 Veteran Volunteers . . . , Cleveland, 
 1883. 
 
 SECKATARY HAWKINS. Pseud. See Robert 
 F. Schulkers. 
 
 SEDGWICK, ANNE DOUGLAS (March 28, 
 1873-July 19, 1935), novelist, born in 
 Englewood, N. J., spent two years of her 
 girlhood living with her grandmother in 
 Ross County. She later studied art in Paris 
 and, after her marriage in 1908 to Basil 
 de Selincourt, she lived in England. She 
 wrote considerable fiction, e.g., Tante, New 
 York, 1911. 
 
 1904. She later studied in Germany and, in 
 1934, completed her doctorate at Columbia 
 University. After teaching in Canton, 1904- 
 12, she did educational work for the 
 Y.W.C.A., the Home Missions Council, and 
 the United Lutheran Church. On her retire- 
 ment in 1945, she moved to Clearwater, 
 Fla. She has published many articles and 
 several books on religious themes, e.g., 
 Saint Elizabeth, Her Brother's Keeper, New 
 York, [1948]. 
 
 SEGALE, SISTER RLANDINA (Jan. 23, 
 1850-Feb. 23, 1941), educator, was born 
 in Cicagna, Italy. She was brought to Cin- 
 cinnati as a child. A Roman Catholic 
 nun, she taught in the parochial schools of 
 Steubenville and served as a missionary in 
 New Mexico, 1875-97. With her older sis- 
 ter, Sister Justina, she established Santa 
 Maria Institute, a social center for Italian 
 immigrants in Cincinnati. Her death oc- 
 curred in Delhi Township, Hamilton County. 
 She wrote a book concerning a Sister of 
 Charity in the Southwest, based on her own 
 letters to Sister Justina: At the End of the 
 Santa Fe Trail, [Columbus, 1932]. 
 
 SEIRERT, BENJAMIN ELLIS (Feb. 4, 
 1883- ), lawyer, was born in Urbana, 
 Champaign County. After teaching school 
 he studied law and was admitted to the bar 
 in 1907. He served two terms as city so- 
 licitor of Urbana and now lives in that 
 community. He has written legal articles 
 and a pamphlet: A Rational View of Life, 
 Toledo, 1912. 
 
 SEID, RUTH (July 1, 1913- ), was born 
 in Brooklyn, N. Y., but grew up in Cleve- 
 land, where her parents moved while she 
 was a child. She worked in Cleveland as a 
 stenographer and later was employed on the 
 Works Progress Administration Writers' 
 Program. She was publicity director for the 
 Cleveland Red Cross, 1941-46. She now 
 lives on a farm near Novelty, Geauga 
 County. She began writing in the 1930s and 
 published several short stories in national 
 magazines. She received the Harper award 
 and widespread critical acclaim for her 
 first novel, published under the pen name 
 Jo Sinclair: Wasteland, New York, [1947]. 
 WW AW 1 
 
 S.E.E. Pseud. See James M. Ritchie. 
 
 SEESHOLTZ, ANNA GROH (Jan. 24, 1883- 
 ), educator, born in Myerstown, Pa., 
 lived much of her life in Ohio. She grad- 
 uated from high school in Canton in 1900 
 and from Western Reserve University in 
 
 SEITZ, DON CARLOS (Oct. 4, 1862-Dec. 
 4, 1935), journalist, was born in Portage, 
 Wood County. He worked on newspapers 
 in Brooklyn and Albany, N. Y., before 
 joining the New York Recorder in 1891. 
 Soon afterward he was hired by Joseph 
 Pulitzer, who made him business manager 
 
Seitz, I. 
 
 562 
 
 of the New York World in 1898, a post he 
 held until 1923. A political and social lib- 
 eral, he was wholeheartedly supported by 
 Pulitzer and was encouraged to ignore pres- 
 sure from advertisers and other outside 
 agencies. A prolific writer, he published 
 many magazine articles, some volumes of 
 verse, e.g., The Buccaneers . . . , New 
 York, 1912; travel books, e.g., Elba and 
 Elsewhere, New York, 1910; and biog- 
 raphies, e.g., Braxton Bragg, General of the 
 Confederacy, Columbia, S. C, 1924. DAB 
 21 
 
 SEITZ, ISAAC (Aug. 2, 1828-1890), lawyer 
 and clergyman, was born in Bloom Town- 
 ship, Seneca County. He attended township 
 schools and Heidelberg College, read law, 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1854. He 
 practiced law, except for service with the 
 164th O.V.I. , until 1875, when he became 
 minister of the Tiffin Baptist Church. His 
 autobiography is largely devoted to his con- 
 version. 
 
 The Christian Experience of Elder Isaac 
 Seitz . . . , Toledo, 1879. 
 
 SELF, MARGARET CABELL (Feb. 12, 
 1902- ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. She studied at The New York 
 School of Applied Design for Women, 
 1917-19, and was a portrait painter, 1923— 
 38. Since turning to literature, she has pub- 
 lished a number of books on horsemanship 
 and some children's stories, e.g., Red Clay 
 Country, New York, 1936. WW 30 
 
 SELFRIDGE, SMITH. Pseud. See William 
 C. Tichenor. 
 
 SELTZER, CHARLES ALDEN (Aug. 15, 
 1875-Feb. 9, 1942), was born in Janesville, 
 Wis., but was brought to Columbus when 
 he was still a baby. He grew up in Colum- 
 bus and in New Mexico. After some ex- 
 perience as a cowboy, he settled in Cleve- 
 land. A carpenter and builder by trade, he 
 served as building inspector under Mayor 
 Tom Johnson. He wrote many stories of his 
 Western experiences before publishing his 
 first successful novel: Two-Gun Man, New 
 York, 1911. He lived in North Olmsted and 
 served as mayor of that community, 1926- 
 32. His son, Louis B. Seltzer, is editor of 
 the Cleveland Press. Highly popular as a 
 writer of Western stories, he turned out an 
 average of a book a year; his last ap- 
 peared the year before his death: So Long 
 Sucker, New York, 1941. WWW 1 
 
 SELWYN, EDGAR (Oct. 20, 1875-Feb. 13, 
 1944), actor, producer, and playwright, was 
 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He 
 was an actor in Secret Service with William 
 Gillette, was a founder of Metro-Goldwyn- 
 Mayer, wrote a number of motion-picture 
 scripts, and produced more than 175 plays. 
 His plays include a comedy, produced in 
 1910 and later published: The Country Boy, 
 New York, 1917. WWW 2 
 
 SEMPLE, DAISY (Jan. 25, 1879-Sept. 29, 
 1954), educator, was born in Pittsburgh, 
 Pa., but was brought to Toledo as a child. 
 She studied dancing in Toledo and in New 
 York, and for many years she and her sis- 
 ter conducted dancing classes in Toledo. 
 She also taught in the Toledo schools for 
 35 years. She wrote a book for children: 
 Tommy and Jane and the Birds, Akron, 
 [1929]. 
 
 SESSIONS, FRANCIS CHARLES (Feb. 27, 
 1820-March 25, 1892), banker, was born 
 in South Wilbraham, Mass., and came to 
 Columbus in 1840. He worked as a clerk 
 in a dry goods store, was engaged in the 
 wool industry, 1856-69, and became presi- 
 dent of the Commercial National Bank 
 when it was organized in 1869. He held 
 many benevolent and educational positions 
 during his lifetime. He had a faculty for 
 close and sharp observation of men and 
 places and wrote of his travels in a lively, 
 concise, and entertaining manner. 
 On the Wing through Europe. By a Busi- 
 ness Man, Columbus, [1880]. 
 From the Land of the Midnight Sun to 
 
 Volga, New York, 1890. 
 From Yellowstone Park to Alaska, New 
 
 York, 1890. 
 In Western Levant, New York, 1890. 
 
 SETHMAN, WILLIAM G. (Dec. 16, 1901- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County, and attended Cleveland public 
 schools. After living in New York City for 
 a number of years, he returned to live in 
 Cleveland. He has written several books, 
 e.g., Sonnets, [Detroit, Mich., 1924]. 
 
 SEVERANCE, MARK SIBLEY (Oct. 28, 
 1846-Jan. 20, 1931), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Harvard University in 1869 and was an as- 
 sistant librarian of Congress for three 
 years. In 1875 he settled in Los Angeles, 
 where he spent the remainder of his life. 
 He was an executive of the Southern Pacific 
 Railroad and was engaged in real estate 
 and orange-growing. 
 
 Hammersmith: His Harvard Days, New 
 York, 1878. 
 
563 
 
 Shackleton, R. 
 
 SEWALL, FRANK (Sept. 24, 1837-Dec. 7, 
 1915), clergyman and educator, born in 
 Bath, Maine, was ordained in the Church 
 of the New Jerusalem in 1863. The first 23 
 years of his ministry were spent in Ohio. 
 He was pastor of Swedenborgian churches 
 in Glendale, 1863-76, and Urbana, 1870- 
 86. During his Urbana years he was also 
 president of Urbana University. After leav- 
 ing Ohio he spent two years in Glasgow, 
 Scotland, and was pastor of a Washington, 
 D. C, church from 1889 until his death. 
 Besides the titles below, he published nu- 
 merous magazine articles and addresses, a 
 textbook, several translations, volumes of 
 sermons, hymnals, and worship books. 
 Angelo, the Circus Boy, Philadelphia, 
 
 1879. 
 The New Ethics . . . , New York, 1881. 
 The New Metaphysics . . . , London, 1888. 
 Dante and Swedenborg, with Other Essays 
 on the New Renaissance, London, 1893. 
 The Angel of the State; Or, the Kinder- 
 garten in the Education of the Citizen 
 . . . , Boston, 1896. 
 Swedenborg and Modern Idealism . . . , 
 
 London, 1902. 
 The Pulpit and Modern Thought . . . , 
 
 Boston, [1905?]. 
 Spirit as Object . . . , Philadelphia, 1910. 
 Swedenborg and the 'Sapient ia Angelica.' 
 
 London, 1910. 
 "The Only-Begotten" in Swedenborg's Cos- 
 mology and Theology, Philadelphia, 
 [1914]. 
 The Bright Gate and the Vision Beyond, 
 [Philadelphia, 1915]. 
 
 SEXTON, LYDIA CASAD (April, 1799- 
 c.1892), was born in Sussex County, N. J. 
 In 1814 she accompanied one of her brothers 
 to Ohio. After a short stay in Cadiz she 
 moved to Fairfield, where she was converted 
 to the United Brethren faith. In 1843 she 
 moved with her husband to Jasper County, 
 Ind. She preached in United Brethren 
 churches for many years, and in 1870 she 
 served as chaplain of Kansas Penitentiary. 
 She died in Seattle, Wash. 
 Autobiography of Lydia Sexton . . . , Day- 
 ton, 1882. 
 
 SEYMOUR, FLORA WARREN (1888-Dec. 
 9, 1946), lawyer, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. She graduated from 
 George Washington University in 1906 and 
 from Washington College of Law in 1915. 
 She was a member of the Illinois bar and 
 lived in Chicago. She wrote a number of 
 books on historical subjects, most of them 
 intended for children, e.g., Daniel Boone, 
 Pioneer, New York, [1931]. WWW 2 
 
 SEYMOUR, THOMAS DAY (April 1, 1848- 
 Dec. 31, 1907), educator, was born in Hud- 
 son, Summit County. In 1870 he graduated 
 from Western Reserve College, where his 
 father was professor of Greek and Latin. 
 After two years' study in Europe, he taught 
 Greek at Western Reserve, 1872-80; in 
 1880 he accepted a professorship at Yale 
 University, where he taught for the rest of 
 his life. Recognized internationally as a 
 classical scholar, he published a number of 
 Greek and Latin texts, a family history, and 
 Life in the Homeric Age, New York, 1907. 
 DAB 17 
 
 SHACKLETON, ELIZABETH FLEMING 
 
 (Aug., 1871-May 27, 1936), wife of Rob- 
 ert Shackleton (q.v.), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County, and was educated 
 in Cleveland schools. She lived in New 
 York City after 1895 and died in Fairfield, 
 Conn. She collaborated with her husband 
 on several books and also wrote Tour- 
 ing through France, Philadelphia, 1925. 
 WWNAA 3 
 
 SHACKLETON, ROBERT (Dec. 26, 1860- 
 Feb. 24, 1923), journalist, born in Ma- 
 zomanie. Wis., was reared and educated in 
 Cleveland. After studying law at the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, he was admitted to the 
 Ohio bar in 1861. In 1890 he married Eliza- 
 beth Fleming (see above) of Cleveland, 
 and in 1895 they moved to New York City, 
 where he held various editorial positions. 
 He died in Hyeres, France. In addition to 
 his books, he wrote for numerous peri- 
 odicals. 
 
 Toomey and Others, New York, 1900. 
 Many Waters; A Story of New York, New 
 
 York, 1902. 
 The Great Adventurer, New York, 1904. 
 Adventures in Home-making, (with Eliza- 
 beth Shackleton), New York, 1910. 
 The Quest of the Colonial, (with Elizabeth 
 
 Shackleton), New York, 1910. 
 Unvisited Places of Old Europe, Philadel- 
 phia, 1913. 
 The Charm of the Antique, (with Eliza- 
 beth Shackleton), New York, [1914]. 
 Four on a Tour in England, (with Eliza- 
 beth Shackleton), New York, [1914]. 
 The Book of Boston, Philadelphia, 1916. 
 The Story of Harper's Magazine, 1850- 
 
 1917, New York, [1916]. 
 The Book of New York, Philadelphia, 1917. 
 The Book of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 
 
 1918. 
 The Book of Chicago, Philadelphia, 1920. 
 The Book of Washington, Philadelphia, 
 1922. 
 
Shade 
 
 564 
 
 SHADE, WILLIAM HENRY TAYLOR (Jan. 
 16, 1864-April 20, 1945), journalist, was 
 born in Centerville, Gallia County. For 
 eight years he was a musician with Liber- 
 ates' Band and Opera Company and also 
 traveled with minstrel shows. He worked on 
 the New York Telegraph, the Chicago In- 
 ter-Ocean, the Cincinnati Tribune, and other 
 newspapers and also edited papers in Ohio 
 and Iowa. He died in Resada, Calif. His 
 volume of poems is dedicated to Charles 
 H. Collins (q.v.) of Hillsboro. 
 Buckey eland and Bohemia, Hillsboro, 1895. 
 
 SHAFER, BOYD CARLISLE (May 8, 1907- 
 ), historian, was born in Crestline, Craw- 
 ford County. He graduated from Miami 
 University in 1929 and the State University 
 of Iowa (Ph.D.) in 1932. He served on the 
 faculties of Stout Institute, 1932-42. and the 
 University of Arkansas, 1947-53. Since 
 1953 he has been editor of the American 
 Historical Review. He has written numer- 
 ous historical articles and, in collaboration 
 with his wife, Carol L. Shafer, a collection 
 of letters on economic problems: Life, Lib- 
 erty, and the Pursuit of Bread, New York. 
 1940. WW 30 
 
 SHAFER, CLAUDE (Jan. 7, 1878- ), 
 cartoonist, was born at Little Hocking, 
 Washington County, but has lived in Cin- 
 cinnati since 1885. Because of the death 
 of his father, he attended school only until 
 the age of ten. While working in Cincinnati, 
 he attended the Art Academy at night, and 
 around 1901 achieved his ambition of be- 
 coming a cartoonist. He worked on the En- 
 quirer, the Post, and finally on the Times- 
 Star, first as a sports cartoonist and later 
 as an editorial cartoonist. His drawings 
 have been reproduced and exhibited widely. 
 A collection of them was published as 
 Claude Shafer's Cartoon Guide of Ohio, 
 New York, [1939]. 
 
 SHAFER, ROBERT (Dec. 24, 1889-Jan. 6, 
 1956), educator, born in Hagerstown. Md., 
 taught literature at the University of Cincin- 
 nati, 1923-55. He published several text- 
 books, including a widely used anthology 
 of English literature. He took part in the 
 controversy over the New Humanism in the 
 early 1930s, associating himself with its 
 proponents. His position is reflected in Paul 
 Elmer More and American Criticism, New 
 Haven, 1935. WWW 3 
 
 SHANKLAND, FRANK NORTH (June 28. 
 1880-March 14, 1958), was born in Wil- 
 loughby, Lake County. He graduated from 
 Western Reserve University in 1902. He 
 
 worked for the American Clay Machinery 
 Co. and for Andrews School and was Lake 
 County Treasurer for four years. In 1931 
 he joined the staff of Saalfield Publishing 
 Co., Akron, and wrote a series of nature 
 books for young readers which sold more 
 than a million copies, e.g., Friends of the 
 Forest, Observations of Wild Animal Life, 
 Akron. [1932]. 
 
 SHANNON, MARY EULALIE FEE (Feb. 9, 
 1824-Dec. 26, 1855), was born in Flem- 
 ingsburg. Ky. When she was a small 
 child, her family moved to Clermont 
 County. She contributed poems to Cincin- 
 nati periodicals. In 1854 she married John 
 Shannon, editor of a newspaper in Auburn, 
 Calif., and the last two years of her life 
 were spent in that state. She lectured and 
 gave readings from her poetry. Her poems 
 were published under the pen name Eulalie. 
 Buds, Blossoms, and Leaves . . . , Cincin- 
 nati. 1854. 
 
 SHARKEY, DONALD C. (Aug. 31, 1912- 
 ), was born in Middletown, Butler 
 County. After graduating from the Univer- 
 sity of Dayton in 1934, he was an associate 
 editor in the firm of George A. Pfiaum un- 
 til 1949. He edited the Young Catholic Mes- 
 senger, 1939-49. His books include The 
 Lost Prince, New York, 1940. CWW 11 
 
 SHARP, KATHARINE DOORIS (1845- 
 
 Sept. 19, 1935), was born in Glasmullagh, 
 England. When her father died, her mother 
 brought her family of eight children to 
 Zanesville. In 1872 Katharine married Dr. 
 Henry J. Sharp, a physician of London, and 
 the remainder of her life was spent in that 
 Madison County community. She was ac- 
 tive in the women's suffrage movement, did 
 considerable botanical research, and wrote 
 numerous newspaper articles. 
 Eleanor's Courtship, and the Songs That 
 
 Sang Themselves, Cincinnati, 1888. 
 The South Ward, Cincinnati, 1891. 
 The Doctor's Speaking Tube, and Other 
 
 Poems, Boston, 1904. 
 Jocelyn West; A Tale of the Grand Canyon, 
 
 New York, [1912]. 
 Summer in a Bog, Cincinnati, [1913]. 
 
 SHARP, ROBERT LEE (Dec. 28, 1824-Aug. 
 24. 1891), was born in Belmont County. In 
 1852 he crossed the plains to California, 
 and his diary of the trip is an important ad- 
 dition to the literature of the overland 
 trail. In 1863 he served in the Fairfield 
 County Militia, a regiment which took an 
 active part in pursuing and capturing the 
 Morgan raiders. After the Civil War he 
 
 
565 
 
 Shaw, A. A. 
 
 opened a quarry in Fairfield County and 
 shipped building stone throughout the Mid- 
 west. William Hale Sharp edited his diary. 
 Life and Diary of Robert Lee Sharp . . . , 
 [n.p., n.d.]. 
 
 SHARP, WILLIAM GRAVES (March 14, 
 1859-Nov. 17, 1922), ambassador to 
 France, 1914-19, was born in Mount 
 Gilead, Morrow County. He attended high 
 school in Elyria and graduated from the 
 University of Michigan law school in 1881. 
 After practicing law for a short time, he 
 founded the Lake Superior Iron and Chemi- 
 cal Company. He was a member of the 
 House of Representatives, 1909-15. Though 
 untrained in diplomacy, he served effec- 
 tively as ambassador to France during the 
 difficult war years. His memoirs, edited by 
 Warrington Dawson, were published post- 
 humously: The War Memoirs of William 
 Graves Sharp . . . , London, 1931. DAB 
 17 
 
 SHARPE, DORES ROBINSON (Jan. 23, 
 1886- ), Baptist clergyman, born in 
 New Brunswick, Canada, was executive 
 secretary of the Cleveland Baptist Associa- 
 tion, 1925-53. He has published books on 
 religious themes and a biography: Walter 
 Rauschenbusch, New York, 1942. WW 30 
 
 SHARPE, HOWARD GRANVILLE (Oct. 
 20, 1880- ), born in Fort Griffin, 
 Texas, spent his boyhood in Wooster, 
 Wayne County, and attended school there. 
 A graduate of Dartmouth College, he 
 served in the Spanish-American War and 
 World War I. He now lives in Los Angeles. 
 He has written many short stories and sev- 
 eral novels, e.g., a novel about the Philip- 
 pines during World War II: Crimson Philip- 
 pine Jungle, Los Angeles, [1943]. 
 
 SHARTS, JOSEPH WILLIAM (Sept. 14, 
 1875- ), lawyer, was born in Hamilton. 
 Butler County. He graduated from Harvard 
 University in 1897, served in the Spanish- 
 American War. and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1899. He practiced in Dayton, and 
 several of his cases attracted wide atten- 
 tion. He was counsel for Eugene V. Debs 
 at his trial in Cleveland in 1918 and for 
 Bishop William M. Brown (q.v.) at his 
 heresy trial, 1924-25. He edited the Miami 
 Valley Socialist in the 1920s. Now retired 
 from active practice, he lives in Dayton. He 
 has written several novels, e.g., Ezra Caine, 
 Chicago, 1901, and a volume of local his- 
 tory: Biography of Dayton . . . , Dayton, 
 1922. WW 30 
 
 SHAW, ALBERT (July 23, 1857-June 25, 
 1947), editor, was born in Shandon, Butler 
 County. He graduated from Iowa (Grin- 
 nell) College in 1879 and Johns Hopkins 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1884. He was editor 
 of the Minneapolis Tribune, 1883-90, and 
 in 1891 established the Review of Reviews 
 and served as its editor until 1937. Besides 
 the titles below, he published numerous 
 addresses and magazine articles in pamphlet 
 form. 
 
 lcaria, a Chapter in the History of Com- 
 munism, New York, 1884. 
 Cooperation in the Northwest, Baltimore, 
 
 1888. 
 Municipal Government in Continental Eu- 
 rope, New York, 1895. 
 Municipal Government in Great Britain, 
 
 New York, 1895. 
 Life of Col. Geo. E. Waring, Jr., the 
 Greatest Apostle of Cleanliness . . . , 
 New York, 1899. 
 The Business Career in Its Public Relations, 
 
 San Francisco, [1904]. 
 The Outlook for the Average Man, New 
 
 York, 1907. 
 Political Problems of American Develop- 
 ment, New York, 1907. 
 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career 
 
 . . . , New York, [1910]. 
 Abraham Lincoln . . . , New York, 1929. 
 International Bearings of American Policy, 
 Baltimore, 1943. 
 
 SHAW, ARCHER H. (Jan. 6, 1876- ), 
 journalist, was born in North Ridgeville, 
 Lorain County. After graduating from 
 Oberlin College in 1897, he worked on 
 newspapers in Lorain and Springfield, 
 Mass. He was on the Cleveland Plain 
 Dealer, 1902-41, serving most of that time 
 as chief editorial writer. He has edited an 
 encyclopedia of Lincolniana, but his major 
 work is The Plain Dealer; One Hundred 
 Years in Cleveland, New York, 1942. 
 
 SHAW, A. VERE (Nov. 20, 1887- ), 
 investment counsel, was born in Sidney, 
 Shelby County. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University in 1909 and Harvard Law 
 School in 1913. He has been an investment 
 counselor in Boston and New York City, 
 and since 1930 he has operated his own 
 firm in New York. He has written The 
 Case against Short Selling . . . , [New 
 York, 1932]. WWCI 8 
 
 SHAW, AVERY ALBERT (Oct. 2, 1870- 
 March 18, 1949), born in Nova Scotia, 
 lived in Ohio while pastor of East End 
 Baptist Church, Cleveland, 1911-14, and 
 while president of Denison University, 
 
Shaw. B. R. 
 
 566 
 
 1927-40. His writings include a group of 
 religious talks to children: Jack-in-the-Pul- 
 pit . . . , Philadelphia. [1923]. WWW 2 
 
 SHAW, BEN ROY (18277-1900). was born 
 in Canada. He lived in Wooster for a num- 
 ber of years. No details concerning his life 
 have been found. 
 Songs in the Night, Wooster, 1887. 
 
 SHAW. HENRY WHEELER (April 21. 
 1818-Oct. 14. 1885). humorist, born in 
 Lanesboro. Mass.. lived for about a year 
 in Norwalk. where he worked as an auc- 
 tioneer. As Josh Billings, he was famous 
 for his "allminax." which were published 
 from 1869 to 1880. 
 
 SHAW, WILLIAM WALTER (March 27, 
 1861-Aug. 15, 1951), was born on a farm 
 near Coshocton, Coshocton County, and 
 lived in that town for nearly fifty years be- 
 fore moving to California. He operated a 
 printing business and a novelty advertising 
 business. His poems, many of them relating 
 to the experiences of a traveling salesman, 
 were published in Reveries of a Drummer 
 . . . , Los Angeles, [1926]. 
 
 SHAWAN, JACOB ALBRIGHT (June 16. 
 1850-May 2, 1927), educator, was born 
 at Wapakoneta, Auglaize County, and was 
 educated at Oberlin College. He served as 
 superintendent of schools in several Ohio 
 cities, including Columbus (1889-1916). 
 A trip to Europe resulted in his writing a 
 travel book: Recent Glimpses in Europe 
 . . . , [Columbus. 1902]. OBB 
 
 SHAWHAN, JAMES MARTIN (April 21. 
 1857-April 6. 1929), was born near Pitts- 
 burgh. Pa. His parents came to Ohio when 
 he was a few months old: they lived on a 
 farm in Roxbury for about a year and then 
 settled in Lowell, Washington County. He 
 was a barber in Marietta for many years. 
 His poems appeared in various newspapers, 
 and he also published a collection: Un- 
 polished Pebbles, [Marietta?], 1902. 
 
 SHEATSLEY, CLARENCE VALENTINE 
 
 (Nov. 25, 1873-Jan. 19, 1943). clergyman, 
 was born in Paris, Stark County. He gradu- 
 ated from Capital University in 1895 and 
 Capital Seminary in 1898. Following two 
 years' study in Germany, he was ordained 
 to the Lutheran ministry. After serving 
 pastorates in Pennsylvania, he was on the 
 faculty of Capital University, 1917-29. His 
 writings include History of the Evangelical 
 Lutheran Joint Sxnod of Ohio . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1919. WWW 2 
 
 SHEATSLEY, JACOB (June 20. 1859-Aug. 
 31. 1953). clergyman, was born in Paris. 
 Stark County. After attending Capital Uni- 
 versity and Lutheran Theological Seminary, 
 Columbus, he was ordained to the Lutheran 
 ministry in 1887. He served churches in 
 Canaan. Delaware, and Columbus, and 
 edited the Lutheran Standard and other 
 magazines. He published sermons and text- 
 books. 
 
 The Holy Service, Columbus. 1897. 
 Narratives on the Catechism, Columbus, 
 1901. 
 
 SHEEHAN, MURRAY (Dec. 15. 1887- ). 
 educator, was born in Hamilton. Butler 
 County. He graduated from Miami Uni- 
 versity in 1908 and afterward studied at the 
 Sorbonne. He taught at Miami University, 
 the University of Wisconsin, and the Uni- 
 versity of Arkansas and became superin- 
 tendent of students at the Royal Thai Lega- 
 tion. Washington. D. C. in 1930. He is 
 now on the faculty of Chulalongkorn Uni- 
 versity, Bangkok. Siam. He wrote the texts 
 for many Haldeman-Julius Little Blue 
 Books and also published a satirical novel: 
 Half -Gods, New York, 1927. WW 24 
 
 SHEEHAN, PERLEY POORE (June 11, 
 1875-Oct. 1. 1943). journalist, was born 
 in Cincinnati. Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from Union College in 1898, he 
 was European correspondent for several 
 newspapers and was Paris editor of the 
 New York Herald, 1905-07. In 1908 he 
 became an associate editor of Munsey pub- 
 lications. He wrote several novels, motion- 
 picture scenarios, plays, and a book about 
 the movies: Hollxwood as a World Center, 
 [Hollywood. 1924]. WW 16 
 
 SHEERIN. JAMES (May 6. 1865-Dec. 24, 
 1933), clergyman, born in Armadale, Scot- 
 land, was brought to the United States in 
 1870, and lived in Ohio for several inter- 
 vals. After graduating from Kenyon College 
 in 1892. he was ordained an Episcopal 
 priest and served as rector of various 
 churches, including Ashtabula, 1893-95. 
 and Warren. 1909-11. After his retirement 
 in 1930 he lived in Bucyrus, and his death 
 occurred in that community. His writings 
 include a biographical study: Henry Cod- 
 man Potter . . . , New York, [1933], WWW 
 1 
 
 SHELDON, RUTH LOUISE GIFFORD (Jan. 
 9, 1846-March 27, 1926), born in Fitch- 
 burg, N. Y., spent most of her life in 
 Akron. She was married to Charles E. 
 Sheldon, chairman of Whitman and Barnes 
 Manufacturing Company. 
 
567 
 
 Shepherd, A. 
 
 Flexible Morals, New York, 1898. 
 
 Red, White & Blue Days, New York, 1898. 
 
 Scraps, Akron, 1898. 
 
 Dolly, a Daughter of New England, Akron, 
 
 [1905]. 
 Social Silhouettes, New York, [1907]. 
 Robbing Peter to Pay Paul, Akron, 1908. 
 
 SHELLABARGER, SAMUEL (May 18, 1888- 
 March 20, 1954), born in Washington, 
 D. C, was headmaster of Columbus School 
 for Girls, 1938 — 46. A graduate of Prince- 
 ton University and Harvard University 
 (Ph.D.), he taught English at Princeton, 
 1914-38, except for five years in Switzer- 
 land, 1923-28. He wrote mysteries and 
 romances under the pen names John Este- 
 ven and Peter Loring, e.g.. Grief before 
 Night, Philadelphia, 1938, but he was most 
 widely known for his highly popular his- 
 torical novels, e.g., Captain from Castile, 
 Boston, 1945. WWW 3 
 
 SHEPARD, ENOCH (Oct. 23, 1742-Sept. 
 17, 1821), was an early settler of Marietta, 
 where he was a deacon of the First Pres- 
 byterian Church. His only known publica- 
 tion is the book listed below. 
 Thoughts on the Prophecies; Applicable to 
 the Times, Marietta, 1812. 
 
 SHEPARDSON, DANIEL (Dec. 1, 1868- 
 Nov. 25, 1905), clergyman, was born in 
 Granville, Licking County. He attended 
 Granville Academy, graduated from Deni- 
 son University in 1888, and received his 
 doctorate in Biblical literature from Yale 
 University in 1891. He taught for a time 
 in the American Institute of Sacred Litera- 
 ture. Despite the fact that he was paralyzed 
 in 1893 and was forced to preach from a 
 wheelchair, he traveled widely as an evan- 
 gelist. He died in Honolulu, Hawaii. He 
 wrote Studies in the Epistles to the He- 
 brews, Chicago, 1901. 
 
 SHEPARDSON, FRANCIS WAYLAND (Oct. 
 15, 1862-Aug. 9, 1937), educator, was 
 born in Cheviot, Hamilton County. Son of 
 a Baptist minister, he graduated from Deni- 
 son University in 1882, Brown University 
 in 1883, and Yale University (Ph.D.) in 
 1892. After finishing college he taught at 
 the Young Ladies' Institute, Granville, 
 where his father was principal, and he 
 edited the Granville Times, 1887-90. Upon 
 completion of his doctorate at Yale, he was 
 called to the University of Chicago as the 
 personal secretary of William Rainey 
 Harper (q.v.), its president. He then became 
 dean of the senior schools and from 1897 to 
 1917 held professorial rank in the field of 
 
 American history. He later was an editorial 
 writer for the Chicago Tribune and director 
 of the Department of Registration and Edu- 
 cation of the State of Illinois. He took an 
 active part in the American fraternity 
 movement, becoming general secretary of 
 Beta Theta Pi in 1917 and serving as its his- 
 torian and editor of its magazine, 1917-31. 
 He became the first secretary of the Na- 
 tional Interfraternity Conference in 1909 
 and also held several posts in Phi Beta 
 Kappa. He demonstrated that Greek letter 
 societies have a real place in American 
 colleges. He wrote a family history; The 
 Beta Book . . . , Menasha, Wis., 1927, and 
 many articles relating to the fraternity; and 
 Denison University, 1831-1931; A Centen- 
 nial History, Granville, 1931. 
 
 Karl W. Fischer 
 
 SHEPARDSON, GEORGE DEFREES (Nov. 
 20, 1864-May 26, 1926), electrical engi- 
 neer, younger brother of Frances W. Shep- 
 ardson (q.v.), was born in Cheviot, Hamil- 
 ton County. He graduated from Denison 
 University in 1885, did graduate work at 
 Cornell University, and was on the engineer- 
 ing faculty, University of Minnesota, from 
 1891 until his death. Besides technical books 
 and articles, he wrote The Religion of an 
 Electrical Engineer, New York, [1926]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 SHEPFER, HAROLD REED (Aug. 23, 1896- 
 ), clergyman, son of William H. 
 Shepfer (q.v.), was born in Scio, Harri- 
 son County. He graduated from Thiel Col- 
 lege in 1920 and Hamma Divinity School, 
 Springfield, in 1929. After serving several 
 churches in Pennsylvania, he retired from 
 the ministry in 1958. He has written When 
 Death Speaks . . . , Burlington, Iowa, 1937. 
 RLA 2 
 
 SHEPFER, WILLIAM HENRY (Oct. 22, 
 1870-Oct. 8, 1957), clergyman, was born 
 in Ragersville, Tuscarawas County. After 
 graduating from Chicago Theological 
 Seminary, he was ordained to the Lutheran 
 ministry in 1901. He served pastorates in 
 Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania. After re- 
 tiring in 1931 he lived in Cuyahoga Falls 
 until 1937 and in Defiance for the last 
 twenty years of his life. He wrote The Bible 
 and Science; A Popular Apologetic, Bur- 
 lington, Iowa, 1938. RLA 2 
 
 SHEPHERD, ARTHUR (Feb. 19, 1880- 
 
 ), composer and pianist, born in Paris, 
 
 Idaho, has lived in Cleveland since 1920. 
 
 He served as assistant conductor of the 
 
 Cleveland Orchestra and as professor of 
 
Shepherd, W. G. 
 
 568 
 
 music at Western Reserve University. Best 
 known as a composer, he has published 
 one book: The String Quartettes of Ludwig 
 van Beethoven . . . , [Cleveland], 1935. 
 WW 30 
 
 SHEPHERD, WILLIAM GUNN (June 13, 
 1878-Nov. 4, 1933), journalist, was born 
 in Springfield, Clark County. He was widely 
 known as a correspondent for the United 
 Press and as a writer for Collier's Weekly 
 and other magazines. His experiences as a 
 reporter are the basis of Confessions of a 
 War Correspondent, New York, [1917]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 SHERIDAN, PHILIP HENRY (March 6, 
 1831-Aug. 5, 1888), army officer, was born 
 in Albany, N. Y.; but soon after his birth 
 his father, an Irish immigrant, brought his 
 family to Somerset, Perry County, where 
 he worked on construction of canals and 
 roads. After an education in district schools, 
 the boy was appointed to the U. S. Military 
 Academy in 1848 and graduated in 1853; 
 his graduation was delayed one year be- 
 cause of a suspension for fighting with a 
 cadet officer. He served along the Rio 
 Grande and in the Northwest and was pro- 
 moted to captain in 1861. After his ap- 
 pointment as colonel of the 2nd Michigan 
 Cavalry in May, 1862, he rose rapidly in 
 the army; his national prominence came 
 after Grant placed him in full command of 
 the cavalry of the Army of the Potomac 
 in April, 1864. His victories in the wilder- 
 ness in the late spring and his devastation 
 of the Shenandoah Valley in the fall of 
 1864 made him one of the major architects 
 of Northern victory. After the war he was 
 a military governor in the South, com- 
 manded the Division of the Missouri, and 
 in 1884 succeeded William T. Sherman 
 (q.v.) as general-in-chief of the army. He 
 wrote his memoirs during the last year of 
 his life. His only other publications were 
 official reports. 
 
 Personal Memoirs . . . , 2 vols., New York, 
 1888. 
 
 SHERIDAN, WILLIAM (1830-Dec. 16, 
 1913), clergyman, was pastor of a Baptist 
 church in Toledo for thirty years. 
 A Consecrated Life: Or, the Biography of 
 John Sheridan, [Toledo, 1898]. 
 
 SHERLOCK, HERBERT ARMENT (March 
 7, 1899- ), artist, was born in Canton. 
 Stark County. After graduating from the 
 Cleveland School of Art in 1921, he worked 
 in an engraving plant, operated a studio, 
 and since 1942 has been staff artist on the 
 
 Canton Repository. He wrote and illustrated 
 a history of firearms: Black Powder Snap- 
 shots, [Huntington, W. Va., 1946]. 
 
 SHERMAN, CHRISTOPHER ELIAS (Dec. 
 28, 1869-May 6, 1940), civil engineer, was 
 born in Columbus, Franklin County. After 
 graduating from Ohio State University in 
 1894, he worked with several state surveys 
 before joining the Ohio State University 
 engineering faculty in 1896. He published 
 several technical works and textbooks, and 
 A Journey to the Land of Kingdom Come, 
 and Other Journeys in Prose and Verse, 
 Columbus, 1936. WWW 1 
 
 SHERMAN, FRANKLYN COLE (Dec. 23, 
 
 1873-May 3, 1942), clergyman, born in 
 Chicago, lived in Ohio for approximately 
 25 years. He was rector of St. Paul's 
 Episcopal Church, Akron, 1918-28, and of 
 Grace Church, Cleveland, from 1928 until 
 his death. He wrote Religion Applied to 
 Life . . . , Cleveland, [1934]. 
 
 SHERMAN, JOHN (May 10, 1823-Oct. 22, 
 1900), younger brother of William T. Sher- 
 man (q.v.), was born in Lancaster, Fairfield 
 County. After attending school in Lancaster 
 and Mount Vernon until he was fourteen, 
 he worked on the canals. He later read law 
 in Mansfield, 1840-44. He practiced in 
 Mansfield and dealt in lumber and real 
 estate until 1855, when his long public 
 career began with his election to the House 
 of Representatives. He served in the House, 
 1855-61. in the Senate, 1861-77 and 1881- 
 97, was Secretary of the Treasury, 1877-81. 
 and Secretary of State, 1897-98. He had 
 hopes of the Presidency in the 1880s, but 
 failed to win the Republican nomination. 
 Conservative by temperament, especially on 
 economic issues, he was willing to compro- 
 mise — a willingness that helps account for 
 his success in Ohio politics. Besides the 
 titles below, many of his separate addresses 
 were issued as pamphlets. 
 Selected Speeches and Reports . . . , New 
 
 York, 1879. 
 John Sherman's Recollections . . . , 2 vols., 
 
 Chicago. 1895. 
 
 SHERMAN, SYLVESTER MORRILL (Dec. 
 
 23, 1842-Dec. 27, 1930), physician, was 
 born in Wheeling, Va., but grew up in 
 Columbus. After graduating from high 
 school, he taught school for several terms. 
 He served in the 133rd O.V.I., May, 1864- 
 Aug., 1864, as a first sergeant. He returned 
 to teaching after the war. In 1875 he gradu- 
 ated from Eclectic Medical College, Cin- 
 cinnati. He practiced in Garrett, Ind., 1875- 
 
569 
 
 Sherwood, R. E. 
 
 83, and in Columbus after 1883. His death 
 occurred in Columbus. 
 
 History of the 133rd Regiment . . . , Co- 
 lumbus, 1896. 
 
 SHERMAN, WILLIAM TECUMSEH (Feb. 
 ' 8, 1820-Feb. 14, 1891), army officer, was 
 born in Lancaster, Fairfield County, the 
 son of Charles R. Sherman, a judge of the 
 state supreme court, who died suddenly in 
 1829, leaving eleven children. On the death 
 of his father, William, or "Cump" as he 
 was known in the family, was taken into 
 the home of Thomas Ewing, who later pro- 
 cured for him an appointment to the U. S. 
 Military Academy. After graduating in 
 1840 he served in the South and in the 
 Mexican War. He married Ellen Boyle 
 Ewing, his guardian's daughter, in 1850. In 
 1853 he resigned from the army, after 
 which he spent eight restless years in vari- 
 ous activities — as a banker in California, 
 superintendent of a military academy in 
 Louisiana, and president of a street railway 
 company in St. Louis. He was appointed 
 colonel in May, 1861, but his erratic be- 
 havior and his disdain for newspaper corre- 
 spondents delayed full recognition of his 
 abilities. He won the confidence of Grant, 
 however, and the two generals functioned 
 perfectly as a team. His Atlanta campaign 
 and march to the sea made him second 
 only to Grant among the Northern heroes 
 after the war. He commanded the Division 
 of Mississippi for a time after the war and 
 succeeded Grant as general-in-chief in 
 1869. On retiring from the army in 1883, 
 he lived in St. Louis for three years and 
 spent the rest of his life in New York City. 
 Besides the titles below, some of his sepa- 
 rate speeches were issued as pamphlets. 
 General Sherman's Official Account of His 
 
 Great March . . . , New York, 1865. 
 Memoirs . . . , 2 vols., New York, 1875. 
 The Sherman Letters .... (Rachel Sher- 
 man Thorndike, ed.), New York, 1894. 
 Home Letters . . . , (M. A. De Wolfe Howe, 
 
 ed.), New York, 1909. 
 General W. T. Sherman as College Presi- 
 dent . . . , (Walter L. Fleming, ed.), 
 Cleveland, 1912. 
 
 SHERRARD, ROBERT. See James Paul. 
 
 SHERWOOD, ISAAC RUTH (Aug. 13, 
 1835-Oct. 15, 1925), journalist, soldier, 
 and congressman, was born in Stanford, 
 N. Y. He studied at Antioch College, 1854- 
 56, and afterward at the Ohio Law College, 
 Poland. He married Katherine Margaret 
 Brownlee (see below) of Poland, Sept. 
 1, 1859. While studying law, he published 
 
 the Williams County Gazette in Bryan and 
 wrote one of the few favorable reviews of 
 Whitman's Leaves of Grass. He served in 
 the Civil War with the 14th O.V.I, and the 
 111th, which he commanded during the last 
 year of the war. He wrote for the Toledo 
 Commercial and the Cleveland Leader, and 
 edited the Toledo Journal, 1875-84, and 
 the Canton News-Democrat, 1888-98. He 
 served a total of nine terms in the U. S. 
 Congress: 1873-75, 1906-20, and 1922-24. 
 Several of his speeches and papers were 
 published and an autobiography: Memories 
 of the War, Toledo, 1923. DAB 17 
 
 SHERWOOD, KATHARINE MARGARET 
 BROWNLEE (Sept. 24, 1841 -Feb. 15, 
 1914), was born in Poland, Mahoning 
 County. She attended Poland Union Semi- 
 nary, and while still a student there she mar- 
 ried Isaac R. Sherwood (q.v.) on Sept. 1, 
 1859. They went to live in Bryan, where 
 he owned and edited the Williams County 
 Gazette. When Lincoln issued his first call 
 for volunteers, Isaac Sherwood enlisted as 
 a private and served to the end of the war, 
 rising to the rank of brigadier general. Dur- 
 ing his absence his wife assumed the man- 
 agement and editorship of the paper, thus 
 beginning a long and brilliant career as 
 author and journalist. For ten years she and 
 her husband edited the Toledo Journal. She 
 was women's editor of the National Tribune, 
 the official publication of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic. She contributed political sa- 
 tires to the New York Sun while it was 
 under the management of Charles A. Dana. 
 Traveling extensively in Europe, she earned 
 her way by writing travel letters for the 
 American Press Association. She felt that 
 the greatest honor ever paid her was an 
 invitation from a group of Southerners to 
 commemorate the heroism of a Southern 
 soldier. She wrote the poem for the un- 
 veiling of the statue of General Albert Syd- 
 ney Johnston at New Orleans on April 6, 
 1887. General Sherwood was representing 
 the Toledo district in Congress when she 
 died in Washington, D. C. Secretary of 
 State William Jennings Bryan delivered the 
 funeral address. 
 
 Katherine Sherwood Roberts 
 Campfire, Memorial-Day, and Others, Chi- 
 cago, 1885. 
 Dream of Ages, a Poem of Columbia, 
 Washington, D. C, 1893. 
 
 SHERWOOD, ROBERT EDMUND (1864- 
 March 9, 1946), publisher and bookseller, 
 was born in St. Clairsville, Belmont County. 
 At the age of eleven he ran away to join 
 a circus, and he was a clown with Barnum 
 
Shetrone 
 
 570 
 
 & Bailey for 28 years. He became interested 
 in books and opened a bookstore in Michi- 
 gan; he later owned other shops in the Mid- 
 west and New York. He compiled books of 
 jokes and other collections and also wrote 
 a book of verse: Hold Everything!, New 
 York, [1929]. 
 
 SHETRONE, HENRY CLYDE (Aug. 10, 
 1876-Nov. 24, 1954), archaeologist, was 
 born in Millersport, Fairfield County. He 
 attended Denison University, served in the 
 Spanish-American War as a telegrapher, 
 and worked on various newspapers before 
 joining the staff of the Ohio State Museum 
 in 1913. He was director of the museum 
 from 1928 until his retirement in 1947. He 
 wrote numerous articles on historical and 
 archaeological subjects and an important 
 survey of prehistoric cultures: The Mound 
 Builders . . . , New York, 1930. 
 
 SHIELS, WILLIAM EUGENE (Feb. 2, 1897- 
 ), educator, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He entered the Jesuit 
 order in 1916, graduated from Gonzaga 
 University in 1922, and earned his doctorate 
 at the University of California in 1933. He 
 has been professor of history at Xavier 
 University, Cincinnati, since 1946. Besides 
 history texts he has published a biography 
 of a Jesuit priest: Gonzalo De Tapio . . . , 
 New York, 1934. WW 30 
 
 SHIMP, ELLIS HOWARD (Sept. 7, 1898- 
 ), was born in Buffalo, Guernsey 
 County. He lived in Ohio until 1944, when 
 he moved to Clairton, Pa. An employee of 
 U. S. Steel since 1918, he has written poems 
 as an avocation; they have been published 
 in various periodicals and in a collection: 
 Remorse, and Other Poems, [Cambridge], 
 1921. 
 
 SHIELDS, GEORGE OLIVER (Aug. 26, 
 1846-Nov. 11, 1925), conservationist, was 
 born in Batavia, Clermont County. He en- 
 listed in the Union Army in 1864 and was 
 wounded at Resaca, Ga. He hunted and 
 fished in all parts of North America and 
 wrote articles about the outdoors for vari- 
 ous periodicals. Many of his writings were 
 signed Coquina. He founded the maga- 
 zine Recreation in 1894 and organized the 
 League of American Sportsmen in 1898. 
 An ardent conservationist, he campaigned 
 against the use of automatic shotguns and 
 tried to encourage nature photography. He 
 lectured widely on conservation. He also 
 edited books on big game, dogs, and game 
 fish. He died in New York City, where he 
 had spent his last years in near-poverty. 
 Rustlings in the Rockies: Hunting and Fish- 
 ing by Mountain and Stream, Chicago, 
 1883. 
 The Battle of the Big Hole . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1889. 
 Cruisings in the Cascades . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1889. 
 Camping and Camp Outfits. A Manual 
 
 . . . , Chicago, 1890. 
 The Blanket Indians of the Northwest, New 
 York, 1921. 
 
 SHIELDS, PAULINE RICE (Oct. 31, 1867- 
 Sept. 20, 1955), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She was educated at 
 Hillebrandt Classic School and the Univer- 
 sity of Cincinnati. She was for some time 
 editor of the women's page, Cincinnati 
 Post, also contributed poems to various 
 magazines and newspapers, and published 
 one collection: Life's Windows, Cincinnati, 
 [1925]. WWNAA 3 
 
 SHINN, ASA (May 3, 1781-Feb. 11, 1853), 
 born in New Jersey of Quaker parents, was 
 converted to Methodism in 1798 and in 
 1803 was one of the organizers of the Ho- 
 hocking Circuit. He was transferred to 
 Maryland in 1807 but was again in Ohio. 
 1829-33, serving in Cincinnati as president 
 of the Ohio Conference of the newly or- 
 ganized Methodist Protestant Church. He 
 published several pamphlets and two books 
 on theology, e.g., An Essay on the Plan of 
 Salvation . . . , Baltimore, 1813. 
 
 SHINN, ROGER LINCOLN (Jan. 6, 1917- 
 
 ), educator, was born in Germantown, 
 Montgomery County. He graduated from 
 Heidelberg College in 1938 and Union 
 Theological Seminary in 1941. In 1951. 
 after service in Europe during World War 
 II, he received his Ph.D. from Columbia 
 University. He joined the Heidelberg philos- 
 ophy faculty in 1948 and in 1954 began 
 teaching at Vanderbilt University. Besides 
 magazine articles and reviews on religious 
 subjects, he has published Beyond This 
 Darkness, New York, 1946. 
 
 SHINN, WILLIAM HENRY (March 19, 
 1867-Nov. 28, 1932), journalist and law- 
 yer, was born in Northwest Township, Wil- 
 liams County. After attending district 
 schools, he went to Montpelier, where he 
 learned the printing business. He taught 
 school and worked on newspapers in Ohio, 
 Michigan, Kentucky, and Indiana. From 
 1897 to 1912 he worked for Northwestern 
 Historical Society, publishers of county and 
 local histories. In 1912 he returned to Wil- 
 liams County, bought the Montpelier Enter- 
 prise, which he published until 1916, served 
 
571 
 
 Shreve 
 
 in the state legislature, 1916-18, and in 
 
 1918 began the practice of law. 
 
 Plain Duty; A Political Plan for the Cam- 
 paign of 1900, La Grange, Ind., 1900. 
 
 The County of Williams .... Madison, 
 Wis., 1905. 
 
 SHI YELL, PALL (Sept. 25, 1874- ), 
 born in Indianapolis. Ind., was educated in 
 Dayton and Springfield public schools and 
 at Phillips Academy. Andover. Mass. He 
 operated a farm at Pleasant Hill, Miami 
 County. 1903-15, and afterward lectured 
 widely and operated the Stillwater Press. 
 He designed his own books and printed his 
 poems on a hand press. He now lives in 
 Dayton. 
 
 Poems and Fragments, [Springfield], 1896. 
 Ashes of Roses, [Dayton], 1898. 
 Stillwater Pastorals, Pleasant Hill. 1908. 
 Stillwater Pastorals and Other Poems, Bos- 
 ton. 1915. 
 By the Banks of the Stillwater, Davton. 
 
 1919. 
 Selections from Published Poems, Davton. 
 1944. 
 
 SHOCKEY, SAMLEL W. (April 25. 1858- ? ). 
 was born in Roundhead Township, Hardin 
 County. According to his autobiography, 
 he began an eventful career by running 
 away from home at the age of nine to be- 
 come a peddler. He was an evangelist for 
 the Ohio Holiness Alliance and later trav- 
 eled throughout the country as a phrenolo- 
 gist and palmist. He enlisted in the army in 
 1883 but deserted after about a year. A 
 confirmed drunkard, he reformed in 1891 
 and apparently became a temperance lec- 
 turer. 
 
 Twentx-five Years Fighting Fate .... Bos- 
 ton,' [1892]. 
 
 SHOEMAKER, MICHAEL MYERS (lune 
 26, 1853-Aug. 11, 1924), was born in 
 Covington. Ky.. the son of Robert M. Shoe- 
 maker, a railroad builder. He studied at 
 Cornell University. 1870-72. He had busi- 
 ness interests in Cincinnati and maintained 
 a home in that city throughout his life, but 
 he traveled throughout the world. He died 
 in Paris, France. He published about a 
 dozen travel books, e.g.. Winged Wheels 
 in France, New York, 1906. WWW 1 
 
 SHOLTIS. GEORGE E. (Aug. 4. 1921- ), 
 born in Freeland. Pa., has lived in Akron 
 since 1943. A graduate of Pennsylvania 
 State University, he is a process research 
 engineer with Goodyear Tire and Rubber 
 Company. He has published a book of 
 
 humor: Moronic Machinations, Philadel- 
 phia, [1948]. 
 
 SHOOK, CHESTER R. (June 23. 1884- 
 ), lawyer and judge, was born in Troy. 
 Miami County, but his family moved to 
 Cincinnati when he was two years old and 
 he has spent his life in that city. He gradu- 
 ated from the University of Cincinnati Law 
 School in 1906. practiced law in Cincin- 
 nati, and served as judge of common pleas 
 court. 1927-33. The study of Lincoln's 
 career was his long-time hobby, and he 
 published a volume of essays on various as- 
 pects of Lincoln: The Lincoln Story, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1950]. 
 
 SHORT, JOHN THOMAS (May 1, 1850- 
 Nov. 11, 1883), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Ohio, probably in Delaware 
 County. After graduating from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1868, he attended Drew 
 Theological Seminary and became a Meth- 
 odist minister. He also studied at the Uni- 
 versity of Leipzig, where he earned a Ph.D. 
 degree. In 1877 he joined the Ohio Wes- 
 leyan faculty, and two years later he be- 
 came professor of history and philosophy 
 at Ohio State University, where he was 
 teaching at the time of his death. 
 The Last Gladiatorial Show, Cincinnati, 
 
 1872. 
 The North Americans of Antiquity . . . , 
 
 New York. 1880. 
 Ohio; A Sketch of Industrial Progress, 
 
 Columbus, 1882. 
 
 SHOTWELL, WALTER GASTON (Dec. 27, 
 1856-March 11. 1938), lawyer and judge, 
 was born in Cadiz, Harrison County. After 
 attending Franklin College, he graduated 
 from Yale University in 1878. He read law 
 in his father's office and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1880. He served two terms as prose- 
 cuting attorney of Harrison County. He 
 was elected judge of common pleas court 
 in 1889 and served in that capacity until 
 1905, when he retired to devote his time to 
 literary pursuits. He was an admirer of 
 Washington Irving, whose influence is ap- 
 parent in the book of sketches entitled 
 Driftwood, New York. 1927. At the time 
 of his death he left a completed manuscript 
 of a biography of Irving. He also wrote Life 
 of Charles Sumner, New York. [1910]. and 
 The Civil War in America, 2 vols.. New 
 York, 1923. 
 
 SHREVE, THOMAS HOPKINS (Dec. 17, 
 
 1808-Dec. 22. 1853), born in Alexandria. 
 Va., came to Cincinnati in 1830. With Wil- 
 liam Davis Gallagher (q.v.), he published 
 
Shriber 
 
 572 
 
 the Cincinnati Mirror, 1833-36; he also 
 published five issues of the Western Mes- 
 senger in 1835. For these and other periodi- 
 cals he wrote essays, stories, and poems. In 
 1838 he moved to Louisville, Ky., where 
 he engaged in a wholesale dry goods busi- 
 ness and was assistant editor of the Louis- 
 ville Journal. He wrote a novel: Drayton, 
 a Story of American Life, New York, 1851. 
 
 SHRIBER, IONE SANDBERG (Mrs. Ken- 
 neth W.) (Sept. 28, 1911- ), born in 
 Emeigh, Pa., has lived in Akron since 1922. 
 She attended Akron schools and has been 
 active in civic activities in that city and in 
 Florida, where she spends her winters. She 
 has written a number of mystery novels, 
 e.g., Murder Well Done, New York, [1941]. 
 
 SHRINER, CHARLES ANTHONY (Oct. 14, 
 1853-March 26, 1945), journalist, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from Xavier University in 1872, 
 he was a reporter on the New York Herald 
 and later worked on various newspapers in 
 Paterson, N. J. He edited a history of 
 Paterson, wrote on birds of New Jersey, 
 and published an autobiography: Random 
 Recollections . . . , Paterson, N. L, 1941. 
 WWW 3 
 
 SHUEY, EDWIN LONGSTREET (Jan. 3, 
 1857-Sept. 27, 1924), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. After his father, 
 William J. Shuey (q.v.), moved to Dayton 
 in 1865, he attended the public schools of 
 that city. He graduated from Otterbein Col- 
 lege in 1877, studied law, taught school at 
 various academies, and in 1885 settled in 
 Dayton to manage the bookstore of the 
 United Brethren Publishing House. He was 
 head of the welfare department, National 
 Cash Register Company, 1897-1900, a posi- 
 tion that led to his writing the book listed 
 below, and was in the advertising and sales 
 department of Lowe Brothers, Dayton, 
 1900-18. He also published papers and 
 pamphlets related to Y.M.C.A. work and 
 the United Brethren Church. 
 Factory People and Their Employees . . . , 
 New York, [1900]. 
 
 SHUEY, WILLIAM JOHN (Feb. 9, 1827- 
 Feb. 21, 1920), clergyman, was born in 
 Miamisburg, Montgomery County. A clergy- 
 man of the United Brethren Church, he 
 served pastorates in Dayton and Cincin- 
 nati and was a missionary in Sierra-Leone, 
 Africa, 1854-55. He was publishing agent 
 of the United Brethren Publishing House, 
 1864-97, and business manager of Bone- 
 brake Seminary, 1897-1901. He retired in 
 
 1901. He wrote pamphlets and many ar- 
 ticles for the Religious Telescope. His only 
 book, so far as is known, was a collabora- 
 tion with Daniel K. Flickinger (q.v.). 
 Discourses on Doctrinal and Practical Sub- 
 jects, Dayton, 1859. 
 
 SHULL, JAMES MARION (Jan. 23, 1872- 
 Sept. 1, 1948), botanist and artist, was 
 born in Clark County. He taught art at 
 Antioch College, 1896-98, and in Ohio 
 public schools and served as staff artist for 
 the Department of Agriculture in Washing- 
 ton, D. C. He wrote and illustrated Rain- 
 bow Fragments; A Garden Book of the 
 Iris, New York, 1931. WWW 2 
 
 SHULL, LENA MEARLE LARKIN (Sept. 
 22, 1883-Jan. 25, 1960), was born near 
 South Charleston, Clark County. She at- 
 tended Antioch College and took nurse's 
 training in Kansas City, Mo., and Denver, 
 Colo. In 1907 she married Charles A. Shull, 
 who taught at the University of Chicago. 
 After his retirement in 1944 they moved to 
 Asheville, N. C. She organized the Poetry 
 Council of North Carolina and belonged 
 to many other literary organizations. Her 
 poems appeared in various magazines, and 
 she also published several collections, e.g., 
 Rainbow through the Web, Emory Univer- 
 sity, Ga., [1944]. 
 
 SHULL, SAMUEL PETER (Aug. 3, 1865- 
 Feb. 8, 1949), educator, was born in Vir- 
 den, 111. The following year his parents, 
 who had been Ohio residents, returned to 
 Ohio. He served as a teacher and superin- 
 tendent of schools in various Ohio coun- 
 ties and in Indiana, contributed poems and 
 articles to several magazines, and in 1893 
 founded and edited Ingleside Magazine. He 
 died in Greenfield. 
 Matrimonial Adaptation; Or, Phrenology, 
 
 Applied to Home Life and the Domestic 
 
 Relation . . . , Osborn, 1888. 
 
 SHULTZ, JOSEPH S. (March 13, 1863- ? ), 
 educator, was born in De Graff, Logan 
 County. He taught for many years at 
 Wilder College. 
 
 Observations in the North-west, Containing 
 an Account of a Trip to Alaska . . . , 
 Ada, 1892. 
 
 SHUTTER, MARION DANIEL (Aug. 4, 
 1853-Aug. 31, 1939), clergyman, was born 
 in New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas County. 
 He graduated from University of Wooster 
 in 1876 and was ordained to the Baptist 
 ministry in 1881. He served as a Baptist 
 and Universalist minister in Minneapolis, 
 
573 
 
 Siewers 
 
 Minn., and also contributed to several his- 
 torical studies of Minnesota. 
 Wit and Humor of the Bible. A Literary 
 
 Study, Boston, 1893. 
 Applied Evolution, Boston, 1900. 
 Rev. James Harvey Tuttle, D.D.; A Memoir, 
 
 Boston, 1905. 
 The Citizen and Political Socialism in 
 
 Minneapolis, [Minneapolis, 1918]. 
 
 SIBBERELL, LLOYD EMERSON (Sept. 18, 
 1905- ), was born in Kingston, Ross 
 County. He attended Kingston public 
 schools and Chillicothe Business College. 
 Since 1924 he has been with the Norfolk & 
 Western Railroad, serving in Cincinnati, 
 Winston-Salem, N. C, and Columbus. A 
 rare-book collector, he has published many 
 articles on books, writers, and publishing. 
 He has a special interest in the Powys family 
 and has compiled a bibliography of John 
 Cowper Powys. His publications include a 
 pamphlet: Tecumseh . . . , Chillicothe, 1944. 
 WWMW 6 
 
 SIBLEY, EDWARD CARROLL (Jan. 18, 
 1906-Jan. 6, 1949), was born in Toledo, 
 Lucas County. He graduated from Harvard 
 University in 1927 and then studied abroad. 
 After several years in the investment busi- 
 ness, he was a free-lance author and lec- 
 turer and lived in Beverly Hills, Calif. He 
 served in the U. S. Army during World 
 War II and afterward taught at Washington 
 University, St. Louis. He has published 
 several books, e.g., a collection of bio- 
 graphical sketches: Barrie and His Con- 
 temporaries . . . , Webster Groves, Mo., 
 1936. WW 26 
 
 SIBLEY, WILLIAM GIDDINGS (Feb. 29, 
 
 1860-Jan. 30, 1935), journalist, was born 
 in Racine, Meigs County. After graduating 
 from Marietta College in 1881, he was a 
 clerk in a general store at Racine until 
 1887. He then founded and edited the 
 Meigs County Tribune until 1889, when he 
 became state librarian of Ohio. He edited 
 the Gallipolis Tribune, 1890-1920. He 
 worked briefly on the Omaha Bee and the 
 Chicago Daily Journal of Commerce. After 
 retiring in 1924, he spent his last years in 
 Gallipolis. His writings include The French 
 Five Hundred, and Other Papers, Gallip- 
 olis, 1901. WWW 1 
 
 SIDDALL, JOHN MacALPINE (Oct. 8. 1874- 
 July 16, 1923), journalist, was born in 
 Oberlin, Lorain County. After graduating 
 from Oberlin College in 1898, he worked 
 on the Cleveland Plain Dealer until 1901. 
 
 He was secretary of the public schools of 
 Cleveland, 1902-04, and was on the edi- 
 torial staff of the American Magazine, 
 1906-23. He wrote Sid Says, New York, 
 1917. 
 
 SIEBERT, WILBUR HENRY (Aug. 30, 
 1866-Sept. 4, 1961), educator and historian, 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County. He 
 graduated from Ohio State University in 
 1888 and did graduate work at Harvard 
 University and the University of Leipzig. 
 1888-91. He was a member of the history 
 faculty of Ohio State University, 1898-1925; 
 in 1925 he was named research professor 
 of history. His major research interests were 
 the Loyalists during the period of the 
 Revolution and the Underground Railroad. 
 On both subjects he published many articles 
 and monographs in addition to the titles 
 listed below. He also wrote several portions 
 of The History of the Ohio State University 
 (1938). 
 The Underground Railroad from Slavery to 
 
 Freedom . . . , New York, 1898. 
 The Government of Ohio . . . , New York, 
 
 1904. 
 Loyalists in East Florida, 1774-1785, 2 
 
 vols.. New Haven. Conn., 1929. 
 Vermont's Anti-slavery and Underground 
 
 Record . . . , Columbus, 1937. 
 
 SIEDEL, FRANK (Sept. 5, 1914- ), was 
 born in Strongsville, Cuyahoga County. 
 After graduating from Ohio State Univer- 
 sity in 1936, he worked as a radio writer 
 in Pittsburgh and New York City. He re- 
 turned to Ohio in 1941 to write educational 
 radio programs, and in 1947 he began the 
 popular series drawn from Ohio's past, The 
 Ohio Story, which has won numerous 
 awards. He has published two books based 
 on the scripts from that program; the first 
 of them was The Ohio Story, Cleveland, 
 [1950]. 
 
 SIEWERS, CHARLES G. See Sarah M. 
 Siewers. 
 
 SIEWERS, SARAH M. (March 1, 1855- 
 April 22, 1926), physician, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. Her family 
 moved to Kentucky when she was a child, 
 and she grew up on a farm near Newport. 
 While teaching in the Newport schools, she 
 attended Eclectic Medical College, Cin- 
 cinnati, and graduated in 1891. She prac- 
 ticed medicine and lectured in support of 
 temperance and women's rights. She prac- 
 ticed in Massillon and died in that city. A 
 posthumous collection of her verse was 
 
Sigler 
 
 574 
 
 published: Humanity, Wise and Otherwise, 
 [n.p., 1927]. The volume also contains a 
 few poems and translations by her father, 
 Charles G. Siewers (1815-1882). 
 
 SIGLER, PEARL NIXON (June 15, 1870- 
 May 10, 1943), lawyer, was born in Co- 
 lumbus, Franklin County, but lived most 
 of his life in Dayton, where he practiced 
 law for more than forty years. He was ac- 
 tive in church work, lectured on religious 
 topics, and wrote God Speaks Again in 
 Palestine, [Dayton, 1935]. 
 
 SILL, EDWARD ROWLAND (April 29, 
 1841-Feb. 27, 1887), born in Windsor, 
 Conn., moved with his family to Cleveland 
 in 1852; within the same year he was sent 
 to Cuyahoga Falls to live with relatives. He 
 was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy 
 (1855), Western Reserve Academy, Hud- 
 son, (1856), and Yale University, from 
 which he graduated in 1861. In December 
 of that year he sailed in the Sierra Nevada 
 for California, where he landed in March. 
 The manuscript account of his voyage is in 
 the Yale University Library and has been 
 published: Around the Horn: A Journal, 
 December 10, 1861 to March 25, 1862, 
 Stanley T. Williams and Barbara D. Simi- 
 son, eds., New Haven, Conn., 1944. It re- 
 sembles Dana's Two Years before the Mast, 
 though it lacks the vigor and compelling 
 interest of that work. Sill's first sojourn in 
 California (1862-66) reveals him as a man 
 trying to find himself; he was for a time 
 a post-office clerk, a rancher, and a stu- 
 dent of law and medicine. In 1866 he was 
 back in Cuyahoga Falls for a brief visit. 
 The following year he made another false 
 start by attending, briefly, the Divinity 
 School at Harvard. A few months in New 
 York convinced him that journalism was 
 not his forte. In Feb., 1867, he married his 
 cousin, Elizabeth Newbury Sill of Cuya- 
 hoga Falls. In 1869 appeared The Hermi- 
 tage and Other Poems, the only volume he 
 published. (The Venus of Milo and Other 
 Poems, 1883, was privately printed.) Such 
 was the critical reception of The Hermitage 
 that Sill vowed never again to venture into 
 book publication. From 1868 to 1870 he 
 taught high school in Cuyahoga Falls and 
 briefly in Wadsworth. An offer in 1871 of 
 a position in the high school of Oakland 
 took him back to California; there he was 
 to remain until 1882, save for a few 
 months in Europe. Daniel Coit Gilman, 
 president of the recently established Uni- 
 versity of California, offered Sill the chair 
 of English in 1875. For eight years he 
 lectured with marked success and developed 
 
 himself intellectually. He continued to write 
 verse, though he was chary of publishing it. 
 Precisely what prompted Sill's resignation 
 as professor of English is hard to say, but 
 one gathers that he regarded the stress upon 
 science and technology at the expense of the 
 humanities as regrettable; moreover, he made 
 himself unpopular by his advocacy of coed- 
 ucation. Before leaving Berkeley, he estab- 
 lished a correspondence with Thomas Bailey 
 Aldrich, who had become editor of the At- 
 lantic Monthly in 1881. Sill's last years 
 were spent in Cuyahoga Falls. He published 
 extensively in the Atlantic, sometimes under 
 his own name and often under the pseu- 
 donym Arthur Hedbrook. In 1887 he under- 
 went a minor operation in Cleveland, and 
 died unexpectedly Feb. 27. His range as 
 a poet is limited in form, subject, and mood. 
 Some of his verses had, even in their own 
 time, interest for only a few readers — his 
 numerous "school" poems, for instance — 
 but possess none for us today. A few scat- 
 tered poems continue to command our re- 
 spect: "Five Lives," "A Fool's Prayer," 
 "Opportunity," and "Truth at Last." Vari- 
 ous commentators have sensed in his work 
 the doubts and reconsiderations of Clough; 
 others have detected the influence of Tenny- 
 son, particularly in "Opportunity." In such 
 pieces as "Every-Day Life," "Strange," 
 "Two Views of It," and "Momentous 
 Words," it is the Satires of Circumstances 
 by Hardy which we recall. But he was not 
 essentially a derivative poet, for he had his 
 own idiom and his own music. If he looks 
 back to some poets, he anticipates others. 
 He is to be thought of as a minor poet, but 
 his place as such seems secure. There is 
 nothing meretricious in his work, nothing 
 tawdry. 
 
 Charles Duffy 
 The Hermitage and Other Poems, New 
 
 York, 1868. 
 The Venus of Milo and Other Poems, Berk- 
 eley, Calif., 1883. 
 Poems, Boston, [1887]. 
 Hermione, and Other Poems, Boston, 1899. 
 Christmas in California, San Francisco, 
 
 [189-?]. 
 The Prose of Edward Rowland Sill . . . , 
 Boston, 1900. 
 
 SILVER, ABRA HILLEL (Jan. 28, 1893- 
 ), rabbi, born in Lithuania, graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati and He- 
 brew Union College in 1915. Since 1917 
 he has been rabbi of the Temple, Cleveland. 
 He has published several books relative to 
 Jewish history and religion as well as a 
 collection of addresses: Religion in a 
 Changing World, New York, 1930. WW 30 
 
575 
 
 Sims, N. L. 
 
 SILVER, DEBBIE HORWITZ (1855-March 
 26, 1932), was born in Sandusky, Erie 
 County, but attended school in Cleveland 
 and spent most of her life in that city. She 
 published a collection of poems - Scenario, 
 New York, 1925. 
 
 SILVER, JESSE FORREST (Aug. 8, 1872- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Canton, 
 Stark County. He attended Mount Union 
 College, 1891-94. After being ordained to 
 the Free Methodist ministry in 1897, he 
 served various churches in Pennsylvania 
 and traveled as an evangelist. He published 
 several books on religious topics, e.g., The 
 Lord's Return, Seen in History and in 
 Scripture as Pre-millennial and Imminent, 
 New York, [1914]. WW 16 
 
 SIMKINS, JOSHUA DEAN (March 29, 
 1856-?), educator, was born near Falls- 
 burg, Licking County. He attended Martins- 
 burg Academy and National Normal Uni- 
 versity. In 1880 he graduated from the law 
 school of Iowa State University. He began 
 teaching in Ohio in 1882 and also served 
 as superintendent of schools in St. Marys 
 and in Newark. He wrote Early History of 
 Auglaize County, St. Marys, 1901. 
 
 SIMMONS, ALBERT DIXON (Nov. 11, 
 1891- ), was born on Prince Edward 
 Island, Canada. In 1924 he settled in Cleve- 
 land, where he was outdoor editor for 
 the Cleveland News and wrote a regu- 
 lar column, "Outdoor News." He has pub- 
 lished a book on game birds: Wing Shots 
 . . . , New York, [1936]. 
 
 SIMPSON, HELEN V. (Dec. 12, 1915- ), 
 was born in Clarksburg, W. Va., but her 
 parents moved to Ohio when she was three 
 years old. She has lived in Mahoning and 
 Trumbull Counties. She was living in War- 
 ren, where her husband was a member of 
 the fire department, when she wrote her 
 book, One Son — Indivisible, Boston, [1948]. 
 
 SIMPSON, MARIAN BERRY (Mrs. Richard 
 B.) (Nov. 16, 1893- ). born in Milford, 
 N. H., has lived in Cleveland since 1924. 
 Author of stories and poems published in 
 many periodicals, she has also published a 
 volume of verse: Granite Soil and Other 
 Poems, Portland, Maine, 1941. 
 
 SIMPSON, MATTHEW (June 21, 1811- 
 June 18, 1884), clergyman, was born in 
 Cadiz, Harrison County. His father having 
 died when Matthew was a year old. he was 
 instructed and assisted by his uncle, Mat- 
 thew Simpson, a judge. He studied medicine 
 
 with a Cadiz doctor and began to practice 
 in 1833. The following year he determined 
 to become a Methodist preacher and was 
 licensed to preach on the St. Clairsville 
 circuit. His power as an orator assured 
 his swift rise in the church. He preached at 
 Pittsburgh, 1835-37, taught at Allegheny 
 College, 1837-39, and served as president 
 of Indiana Asbury University, 1839^48. In 
 1848 he became editor of the Western 
 Christian Advocate, and in 1852 he was 
 elected bishop. During the Civil War he 
 lectured widely in support of the Union, 
 and Lincoln is said to have called him the 
 greatest orator he ever heard. He was chosen 
 to deliver the eulogy of Lincoln at the 
 graveside service in Springfield, 111. He lived 
 in Pittsburgh, Evanston, III., and Philadel- 
 phia; but he traveled widely throughout the 
 world and was admired as a powerful 
 preacher. A volume of his sermons was 
 published posthumously in 1885. He died in 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Funeral Address Delivered at the Burial of 
 
 President Lincoln . . . , New York, 1865. 
 
 Hundred Years of Methodism, New York, 
 
 1876. 
 Cyclopedia of Methodism . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1878. 
 Lectures on Preaching . . . , New York, 
 1879. 
 
 SIMRALL, MARGARET MONFORT (Dec. 
 
 14, 1877- ), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She attended Cincinnati 
 public schools, Miss Nourse's private school, 
 and Smith College. She was married to L. 
 Bartow Simrall, now deceased, and since 
 1947 she has lived in Venice, Fla. She has 
 published short stories and poems in various 
 periodicals, and also a collection of verse: 
 / Touched Her Hand . . . , Philadelphia, 
 [1936]. 
 
 SIMS, JAMES (?-?), was probably a school- 
 teacher in Cincinnati, but no details con- 
 cerning his life have been discovered. His 
 Philosophical Essays apparently was an in- 
 direct attack on the theory of John Cleves 
 Symmes (q.v.). 
 
 Philosophical Essays, on the Conformation 
 of Matter and the Earth, Cincinnati, 1823. 
 
 An Essay upon Planetary Motion, Cincin- 
 nati, 1824. 
 
 SIMS, NEWELL LeROY (Dec. 3, 1878- 
 ), educator, born near Fremont. Ind., 
 was pastor of Grandview Heights Congre- 
 gational Church. Columbus, 1914-15, and 
 professor of sociology, Oberlin College, 
 1924-44. After his retirement he continued 
 to live in Oberlin. He has published several 
 
Sinclair 
 
 576 
 
 sociology textbooks and Ultimate Democracy 
 and Its Making, Chicago, 1917. WW 26 
 
 SINCLAIR, JO. Pseud. See Ruth Seid. 
 
 SINGING SYBIL. Pseud. See Metta V. F. 
 Victor. 
 
 SIPLE, PAUL ALLMAN (Dec. 18, 1908- 
 ), explorer, was born in Montpelier. Wil- 
 liams County. Chosen from all the Boy 
 Scouts in the nation, he accompanied Ad- 
 miral Byrd to the Antarctic, 1928-30. He 
 graduated from Allegheny College in 1930 
 and Clark University (Ph.D.) in 1939. He 
 has made numerous expeditions to the Ant- 
 arctic, and since 1946 has been a biogeog- 
 rapher with the Department of Defense. He 
 has written technical reports and books for 
 the general reader, the most popular of 
 which was the account of his first expedi- 
 tion: A Boy Scout with Bxrd, New York, 
 1931. WW 30 
 
 SISSON, HERBERT GAY (Sept. 1, 1894- 
 March 29, 1949), was born in McArthur, 
 Vinton County. He died in Dayton, where 
 he was engaged in public relations work. 
 He published Poems of Progress, Dayton, 
 [1924]. 
 
 SKINNER, ROBERT PEET (Feb. 24, 1866- 
 ), diplomat, was born in Massillon, Stark 
 County, where he operated the Evening Inde- 
 pendent, 1886-97. After entering the diplo- 
 matic service in 1897, he served as U. S. 
 consul in various European cities. His last 
 service was as ambassador to Turkey, 1933- 
 36. His service as commissioner plenipo- 
 tentiary to negotiate a treay between the 
 United States and Ethiopia in 1903 resulted 
 in his only book: Abvssinia of Today . . . , 
 New York, 1906. WW 30 
 
 SLATER, MARY WHITE (June 17. 1868- 
 April 22, 1954), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County, where she attended pub- 
 lic schools. After attending the University 
 of Chicago and Columbia University, she 
 lived in Ironton. where she was active in 
 civic and cultural affairs. She published 
 short stories and poems in national maga- 
 zines and also two collections of verse, 
 e.g., The Child Book, Philadelphia, 1940. 
 
 SLAUGHTER, GERTRUDE ELIZABETH 
 TAYLOR (Nov. 29, 1870- ). was born 
 in Cambridge, Guernsey County. She grad- 
 uated from Bryn Mawr College in 1893. 
 Since 1896 she has lived in Madison. Wis., 
 where her husband, Moses S. Slaughter, 
 was professor of Latin at the state univer- 
 
 sity until his death in 1923. She has pub- 
 lished several books of travel and biog- 
 raphy, e.g., a life of Frederic II: The 
 Amazing Frederic, New York, 1937. WW 30 
 
 SLAUGHTER, LINDA WARFEL (Feb. 8, 
 1840-July 3, 1920), was born in Cadiz, 
 Harrison County. After attending Oberlin 
 College, she went to Kentucky as a home 
 missionary of the Presbyterian Church. In 
 Kentucky in 1868 she married Dr. B. Frank- 
 lin Slaughter, an army officer, and accom- 
 panied him to Camp Hancock, Dakota Ter- 
 ritory. She taught school in Dakota and 
 also wrote for the Bismarck Tribune. She 
 died in St. Cloud. Minn. Her first two books 
 were written before her marriage. Many 
 copies of The New Northwest were sent 
 to Europe and the East to encourage emi- 
 gration. 
 
 Early Efforts . . . , Philadelphia, 1868. 
 The Freedom of the South, Cincinnati, 
 
 1869. 
 The New Northwest . . . , [Bismarck, N. 
 
 Dak.], 1874. 
 
 SLIVERS, ASH. Pseud. See Charles C. Bur- 
 nett. 
 
 SLOAN, JANE HUNTER (Aug. 12, 1887- 
 ), born in Sioux City, Iowa, lived in 
 Cleveland. 1911-50. She now lives in Los 
 Altos, Calif. She has published poetry in 
 various periodicals and anthologies and one 
 collection: Prairie Vagabond, New York, 
 [1939]. 
 
 SLOAN, RICHARD ELIHU (June 22, 1857- 
 Dec. 14. 1933), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in Preble County. After reading law for 
 a time in Hamilton, he went to Denver, 
 Colo., where he was a reporter on the 
 Daily Rocky Mountain News. Returning 
 to Ohio, he entered Cincinnati Law School 
 in 1882 and graduated in 1884. Admitted to 
 the Arizona bar in 1885, he opened an of- 
 fice in Phoenix. He served as judge of the 
 territorial supreme court, 1889-1909, and 
 in 1909 by appointment of President Taft 
 he became Arizona's last territorial gover- 
 nor. Besides editing a four-volume history 
 of Arizona, published in 1930, he pub- 
 lished an autobiographical volume: Memories 
 of an Arizona Judge, Stanford University, 
 Calif., 1932. DAB 17 
 
 SLOANE, WILLIAM MILLIGAN (Nov. 12. 
 1850-Sept. 11, 1928). educator, was born 
 in Richmond. Jefferson County. When he 
 was six years old, his father became pastor 
 of a church in New York City. After grad- 
 uating from Columbia College in 1868, 
 
577 
 
 Smart, C. A. 
 
 he taught in a private school and in 1873 
 became secretary and research assistant to 
 George Bancroft. He taught Latin at Prince- 
 ton, 1877-83, and was Seth Low Professor 
 of History at Columbia, 1896-1916. His 
 most highly esteemed work was his four- 
 volume Napoleon Bonparte. A number of 
 his addresses were published as pamphlets. 
 Life and Works of James Renwick Sloane, 
 
 New York, 1888. 
 The French War and the Revolution, New 
 
 York, 1893. 
 The Life of James McCosh, New York, 
 
 1896. 
 Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, 4 vols., New 
 
 York, 1896. 
 The French Revolution and Religious Re- 
 form . . . , New York, 1901. 
 Party Government in the United States of 
 
 America, New York, 1914. 
 The Powers and Aims of Western Democ- 
 racy, New York, 1919. 
 Greater France in Africa, New York, 1924. 
 
 SLOCUM, CHARLES ELIHU (Dec. 30. 1841- 
 June 7, 1915), physician and historian, was 
 born in Northville, N. Y. In 1871, two 
 years after his graduation from the College 
 of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, he 
 began practice in Defiance. Although he 
 contributed a number of articles to pro- 
 fessional magazines and was on the Defiance 
 College faculty, he will be remembered as 
 the founder of the Charles Elihu Slocum 
 Library, Ohio Wesleyan University, and as 
 the author of several genealogical works. 
 He also wrote a book on the Maumee River 
 basin, which, though drawn largely from 
 secondary sources, is extremely useful: His- 
 tory of the Maumee River Basin . . . , 
 Toledo, [1905]. WWW 1 
 
 SLOCUM, STEPHEN ELMER (June 5, 1875- 
 ), engineer, was born in Glenville, 
 N. Y. He graduated from Union College in 
 1897 and Clark University (Ph.D.) in 1900 
 and taught at the University of Cincinnati, 
 1900-20, except for one year at the Uni- 
 versity of Illinois. In 1920 he moved to 
 Philadelphia, where he worked as an en- 
 gineering consultant. He now lives in Ard- 
 more, Pa. He has published a number of 
 technical works on mathematics and en- 
 gineering and a historical novel about the 
 Netherlands: Beggars of the Sea, New York, 
 1928. WW 28 
 
 SLOSSER, GAIUS JACKSON (June 2, 1887- 
 ), clergyman, was born near Hoytville, 
 Wood County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1912, Boston Uni- 
 versity School of Theology in 1915, and 
 
 King's College, University of London, 
 (Ph.D.) in 1928. After serving several 
 Methodist churches in Massachusetts, 19 17— 
 25, he was on the faculty of Western Theo- 
 logical Seminary, 1928-56. He published 
 several books on religious themes, e.g., 
 Christian Unity, Its History and Challenge 
 in All Communions, in All Lands, New 
 York, 1929. WW 30 
 
 SLUSSER, LEWIS. See John Danner. 
 
 SMALLEY, EUGENE VIRGIL (July 18, 
 1841-Dec. 30, 1899), journalist, was born 
 in Randolph, Portage County, but spent 
 part of his boyhood in western New York, 
 where his mother returned after the death 
 of her husband. In 1855 he returned to 
 Ohio and was a teacher in Painesville and 
 an itinerant printer until the outbreak of 
 the Civil War. He enlisted in the 7th O.V.I. 
 and wrote on the war for various news- 
 papers until he was wounded at Port Re- 
 public. After the war he worked as a 
 clerk in Washington, D. C, published the 
 Mahoning Register, Youngstown, for a 
 brief period, and served as correspondent 
 for various newspapers. In 1882 he was 
 engaged by Henry Villard to edit the his- 
 tory of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and 
 for the rest of his life he was associated 
 with the advertising department of that 
 railroad. In 1884 he moved to St. Paul, 
 Minn., where he lived until his death. 
 The Republican Manual . . . , New York, 
 
 1880. 
 History of the Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 
 New York, 1883. 
 American Journalism. An Appendix to the 
 
 Encyclopedia Britannica, Philadelphia, 
 
 1884. 
 A Brief History of the Republican Party 
 
 . . . , New York, 1884. 
 
 SMARIUS, CORNELIUS FRANCIS (March 
 3, 1823-March 2, 1870), clergyman, born 
 in Telburg, Holland, was a teacher in Cin- 
 cinnati, 1843-49; during this period he pub- 
 lished considerable poetry in various peri- 
 odicals. Ordained to the priesthood of the 
 Roman Catholic Church in 1849, he was 
 subsequently a pastor in St. Louis, Mo., 
 vice president of St. Louis University, and 
 a missionary. He wrote Points of Contro- 
 versy . . . , New York, 1865. 
 
 SMART, CHARLES ALLEN (Nov. 30, 1904- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. His father, George Smart (1863- 
 1925). was the first editor of the Columbus 
 Citizen. After graduating from Harvard 
 University in 1926, Charles did editorial 
 
Smart, J. H. 
 
 578 
 
 work for three years and taught at Choate 
 School, Conn., 1932-34. He operated a farm 
 at Oak Hill near Chillicothe, 1934-42, served 
 in the navy during World War II, and in 
 1946 became writer-in-residence at Ohio 
 University. He also lived in Mexico in the 
 1950s. He has published several novels, but 
 his greatest popular success came from 
 his non-fiction account of his farming ex- 
 periences: R.F.D., New York, [1938]. ANT 
 
 SMART, JAMES HENRY (June 30, 1841- 
 Feb. 21, 1900), was born in Center Harbor, 
 N. H. He was principal of the Intermediate 
 School, Toledo, 1863-65, before moving on 
 to Indiana. During his stay in Ohio he 
 wrote a pioneer work on physical culture, 
 a work that has escaped the attention of his 
 biographers: A Manual of Free Gymnastic 
 and Dumbbell Exercises . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [1864]. 
 
 SMEAD, WESLEY (Dec. 23, 1800-Jan. 6, 
 1871), physician and banker, was born in 
 Westchester County, N. Y. After working 
 for some years as a printer, he studied at 
 Ohio Medical College and began practice in 
 Cincinnati. He was president of the Citizens' 
 Bank, Cincinnati, 1843-57. A philanthropist, 
 he gave generously to charity, and in 1850 
 he founded the Widow's Home, Cincinnati. 
 Guide to Wealth: Or, the Pathway to 
 Health, Peace, Competence, Cincinnati, 
 1856. 
 
 SMILEY, JEROME CONSTANT (1858-May 
 16, 1924), historian, was born in Miami 
 County, but spent much of his life in Colo- 
 rado. He served as curator of Colorado 
 State Historical Society, 1910-20. After his 
 retirement he returned to Ohio. He died 
 in Springfield. He published historical 
 sketches, a history of Colorado, and His- 
 tory of Denver . . . , Denver, 1901. 
 
 SMILEY, JIM. Pseud. See Raymond S. Spears. 
 
 SMITH, ABBIE NORA (1856- ? ), was born 
 in Monroeville, Huron County, and at- 
 tended the schools of that community. Her 
 later years were spent in California; she 
 was living in Los Angeles in 1937. 
 Bobtail Dixie . . . , New York, [1900]. 
 King Gobbler, Boston, [1906]. 
 Dolly Days & Dolly Ways . . . , San Fran- 
 cisco, [1916]. 
 
 SMITH, ARTHUR HARMS (Jan. 25, 1867- 
 March 5, 1945), clergyman, was born in 
 Wapakoneta, Auglaize County. In 1872 
 his family moved to Mansfield and in 1883 
 to Springfield, where he graduated from 
 
 Wittenberg College in 1888 and Wittenberg 
 Seminary in 1891. He was pastor of 
 Fourth Lutheran Church, Springfield, 1904- 
 08, and of Trinity Church, Ashland, until 
 his retirement in 1941. He wrote Preachers 
 and Preaching, Philadelphia, [1925]. OBB 
 
 SMITH, BYRON CALDWELL (Aug. 28, 
 1849-May 4, 1877), educator, was born in 
 Island Creek, Jefferson County. After at- 
 tending Illinois College at Jacksonville, 
 1863-68, he studied philology in German 
 universities for six years. He was on the 
 faculty of the University of Kansas, 1872- 
 74. He died of tuberculosis in Boulder, 
 Colo. The first posthumous volume listed 
 below consisted of letters written to his 
 parents from Europe. The second, letters to 
 Kate Stephens, his fiancee, was edited and 
 republished in 1930 as The Love-Life of 
 Byron Caldwell Smith. 
 
 A Young Scholar's Letters . . . , (Day 
 Otis Kellogg, ed.), New York, 1897. 
 
 The Professor's Love-Life, Letters by Ronsby 
 Malclewith, New York, 1919. 
 
 SMITH, CHARLES H. (Nov. 23, 1837-Aug. 
 13, 1912), born in Taunton, Mass., came 
 to Cleveland in 1856. He enlisted in the 
 7th O.V.I, as a private and rose to the 
 rank of major. After the Civil War he 
 studied law at Ohio State University and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1871 but did not 
 practice. He was in the grain business and 
 later in banking. He wrote The History of 
 Fuller's Ohio Brigade, 1861-1865 . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1909. 
 
 SMITH, CHARLES HENRY (June 8, 1875- 
 Oct. 18, 1948). banker and educator, was 
 born in Woodford County, 111. In 1913 he 
 joined the faculty of Bluffton College; in 
 1920 he became president of Citizens Na- 
 tional Bank, Bluffton. His books on the 
 Mennonite Church include The Story of the 
 Mennonites, Berne, Ind., [1914]. OBB 
 
 SMITH, CHARLES MITCHELL. See Gerard 
 Fowke. 
 
 SMITH, CLAYTON CHANEY (May 5, 1845- 
 Jan. 9, 1919), clergyman, was born near 
 Warren, Trumbull County. He was edu- 
 cated at Hiram College and became a 
 Disciples of Christ minister. He served 
 churches in several states and was also sec- 
 retary of the Board of Negro Evangelism of 
 the American Christian Missionary Society. 
 Our Mission in Jamaica, Indianapolis, 1897. 
 The Life and Work of Jacob Kenoly, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1912]. 
 Negro Education and Evangelization, [In- 
 dianapolis, n.d.]. 
 
 
579 
 
 Smith, H. L. 
 
 SMITH, DELAZON (1816-Nov. 18, 1860), 
 born in Berlin, N. Y., was brought to Ohio 
 as a child. Shortly after Oberlin College 
 opened, he enrolled as a student. In 1836 
 he left the college in a huff and soon after- 
 ward published a scurrilous attack on the 
 institution under the cover title Oberlin 
 Unmasked, issued, he said, "as an expose 
 of the impositions he suffered at the insti- 
 tution." Friends of the college are said to 
 have destroyed all the copies of the book 
 they could locate. Smith studied law and 
 was admitted to the bar. For a time he 
 edited the Western Empire in Dayton. In 
 1846 he moved to Iowa, where he became a 
 Methodist preacher, and in 1852 he emi- 
 grated to Oregon. He served a term in the 
 territorial legislature and was a Senator 
 in 1859. In the last year of his life he edited 
 the Oregon Democrat. He died in Port- 
 land, Oreg. 
 
 A History of Oberlin, or New Lights of 
 the West. Embracing the Conduct and 
 Character of the Officers and Students 
 of the Institution . . . , Cleveland, 1837. 
 
 SMITH, DON (Jan. 4, 1891- ), realtor, 
 was born in Van Wert, Van Wert County, 
 where he attended public schools. He also 
 studied at the College of Pharmacy, Ohio 
 Northern University, and served in World 
 War I. He has been a realtor in Van Wert 
 for more than thirty years. Despite a seri- 
 ous eye condition which impedes his read- 
 ing, he has written a biographical work that 
 has been issued in four editions: Peculiari- 
 ties of the Presidents . . . , [Van Wert, 
 1938]. 
 
 SMITH, DONNAL VORE (Jan. 3, 1901- ), 
 educator, was born in Van Wert County. 
 He graduated from Bowling Green Uni- 
 versity in 1924 and the University of Chi- 
 cago (Ph.D.) in 1929. He taught in the 
 Delta schools, 1924-26, was on the faculty 
 of New York State Teachers College, Al- 
 bany, 1929-43, and has been president of 
 State Teachers College, Cortland, N. Y., 
 since 1943. He has published several text- 
 books in social studies and Chase and Civil 
 War Politics, Columbus, 1931. WW 30 
 
 SMITH, EDGAR FAHS (May 23, 1856-May 
 3, 1928), educator, born in York, Pa., was 
 
 on the science faculty of Wittenberg Col- 
 lege, 1883-88. He afterward taught at the 
 University of Pennsylvania. He wrote a 
 number of biographies of chemists and 
 books about chemistry, e.g., Chemistry in 
 America . . . , New York, 1914. WWW 1 
 
 SMITH, ELLA MAY DUNNING (March 12, 
 1860-Sept. 28, 1934), journalist, was born 
 
 in Uhrichsville, Tuscarawas County. She was 
 on the faculty of Phelps Collegiate School 
 in Columbus, worked on the Columbus Dis- 
 patch for ten years, and for twenty years 
 edited the music department of the Ohio 
 State Journal. She composed songs and also 
 wrote Philip's Mother, [Columbus, 1928]. 
 OBB 
 
 SMITH, ERNEST ASHTON (July 4, 1868- 
 Dec. 28, 1926), educator, was born in 
 Fletcher, Miami County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1888 
 and Johns Hopkins University (Ph.D.) in 
 1900. He was on the faculty of Allegheny 
 College, 1898-1910 and 1913-16, and from 
 1925 until his death he was president of 
 State Normal School, La Crosse, Wis. His 
 writings include Allegheny — A Century of 
 Education, 1815-1915, Meadville, Pa., 
 [1916]. WWW 1 
 
 SMITH, GEORGE BANCROFT (Nov. 16. 
 1867-Oct. 18, 1940), businessman, was born 
 in Phillipsburg, Montgomery County. In 
 1880 his parents moved to Brookville, and 
 in 1888 he came to Dayton to work in a 
 store as a clerk and bookkeeper. He was 
 later associated with a number of Dayton 
 manufacturing concerns and was extremely 
 active in civic affairs; from 1916 until his 
 death he was financial representative of 
 Charles F. Kettering. He published a book 
 of poems: Timothy and Red Clover, Day- 
 ton, 1919. WWO 
 
 SMITH, GEORGE THOMAS (Oct. 16, 1843- 
 Dec. 17, 1920), clergyman, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. A graduate 
 of Bethany College, W. Va., and a Dis- 
 ciples of Christ clergyman, he served as a 
 missionary in Japan for a number of years. 
 He died in Champaign, 111. 
 Critique of Higher Criticism, Winfield, Kan,. 
 1900. 
 
 SMITH, MRS. GRANVILLE M. See Hilde- 
 garde Angell. 
 
 SMITH, HARIETTE KNIGHT (Oct. 28, 
 
 1855-?), was born in Hudson, Summit 
 County. After graduating from Young 
 Woman's Institute, Auburn, N. Y., in 1877, 
 she wrote for the Boston Transcript, the 
 Congregationalist, Outlook, and other peri- 
 odicals. She lived in Boston, Mass. 
 The History of the Lowell Institute, Bos- 
 ton, 1898. 
 
 SMITH, HENRY LADD (June 24, 1906- 
 
 ), educator, was born in Cleveland, 
 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from Yale 
 
Smith, H. P. 
 
 580 
 
 University in 1929 and the University of 
 Wisconsin (Ph.D.) in 1946. He worked on 
 newspapers in Canton, Cleveland, and Ta- 
 coma, Wash., and taught journalism at sev- 
 eral universities in the Midwest. He was 
 on the University of Wisconsin faculty, 
 1947-54, and is now director of the School 
 of Communications, University of Washing- 
 ton. He has published articles and three 
 books, e.g., The History of Commercial 
 Aviation in the United States, New York, 
 1942. WWMW 49 
 
 SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (Oct. 23, 
 
 1847-Feb. 26, 1927), clergyman, was born 
 in Troy, Miami County. He graduated from 
 Amherst College in 1869 and Lane Semi- 
 nary in 1872. He studied in Germany for 
 three years in the 1870s and was professor 
 of Old Testament at Lane Seminary, 1877- 
 93. Conservative by nature, he avoided as 
 long as possible the controversies over higher 
 criticism of the Bible. When he defended 
 Charles A. Briggs before the General As- 
 sembly of the Presbyterian Church, his 
 views immediately aroused opposition. He 
 was tried for heresy and suspended from 
 the ministry in 1892. He left Cincinnati in 
 1893 and afterward taught at Amherst Col- 
 lege, Meadville Theological School, and 
 Union Seminary. His articles, reviews, and 
 books assure him a place in the history of 
 American theological scholarship. 
 Inspiration and Inerrancy . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1893. 
 The Bible and Islam . . . , New York, 1897. 
 A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on 
 
 the Books of Samuel, New York, 1899. 
 Old Testament History, New York, 1903. 
 The Religion of Israel, an Historical Study, 
 
 New York, 1914. 
 Essays in Biblical Interpretation, Boston, 
 
 1921. 
 The Heretic's Defense . . . , New York, 
 
 1926. 
 
 SMITH, JAMES B. (July 15, 1838-April 3, 
 1918), manufacturer, was born in St. 
 Catharines, Ontario, Canada. After teach- 
 ing school and working as a cooper in 
 Michigan and Missouri, he settled in Van 
 Wert in 1883 and was engaged in the cooper- 
 age and stave business there. His only pub- 
 lication was a collection of letters from a 
 hunting camp in Louisiana: Camp Marsh 
 Letters . . . , Van Wert, [n.d.]. 
 
 SMITH, JAMES POWER (July 4. 1837- 
 Aug. 6, 1923), clergyman, was born in New 
 Athens, Harrison County. He graduated 
 from Jefferson College, Pa., in 1856 and 
 Union Theological Seminary, Va., in 1861. 
 
 He joined the Confederate army as a cap- 
 tain and was an aide on the staff of Gen- 
 eral Jackson; after Jackson's death, he 
 served on the staff of General Ewell. Or- 
 dained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1866, 
 he served churches in Virginia, edited the 
 Central Presbyterian, 1892-1909, and was 
 president of the Presbyterian Board of Pub- 
 lication in Richmond. He died in Greens- 
 boro, N. C. Besides the title below, he 
 wrote two papers on Jackson and one on 
 Lee that were reprinted as pamphlets. 
 Brightside Idyls, [Richmond?], 1896. 
 
 SMITH, JEAN MOORE (April 29, 1905- 
 ), born in Sherrard, W. Va., has lived 
 in Ohio since about 1936 while teaching 
 in the schools of Mt. Lebanon and Paines- 
 ville. Besides poems in various periodicals, 
 she has published a short novel: Miss Nancy's 
 Christmas Carol, New York, [1946]. 
 
 SMITH, JENNIE (Aug. 18, 1842- ? ), evan- 
 gelist, was born in Vienna, Clark County; 
 she also lived in Bellefontaine and Dayton. 
 An invalid during the first forty years of 
 her life, she was intensely interested in re- 
 ligion and spoke to Methodist groups while 
 lying on a special couch. In 1882 she was 
 cured by prayer and was able to walk for 
 the first time. She was active in the temper- 
 ance movement and traveled widely as an 
 evangelist. Because she was sponsored by 
 the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, she was 
 known as the Railroad Evangelist. In 1922 
 she called on President Harding, whom she 
 had known in Marion. Her three autobio- 
 graphical volumes deal chiefly with her 
 early life and her religious experience. 
 Valley of Baca . . . , Cincinnati, 1876. 
 From Baca to Beulah . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1880. 
 Ramblings in Beulah Land . . . , 2 vols., 
 Philadelphia, 1886-88. 
 
 SMITH, JOSEPH (July 15, 1796-Dec. 4, 
 1868), clergyman and educator, born in 
 Greensburg, Pa., was a Presbyterian minis- 
 ter in St. Clairsville for a time and later was 
 president of Franklin College until criticism 
 of his conservative views regarding slavery 
 led to his resignation. He became general 
 agent of the Board of Missions in 1847. 
 He wrote a history of his alma mater, Jeffer- 
 son College, and a history of Presbyterian- 
 ism in the West: Old Redstone . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1854. 
 
 SMITH, JOSEPH (Dec. 23, 1805-June 27, 
 1844). Mormon leader, born in Sharon, 
 Vt., was a resident of Kirtland from 1831 
 to 1838. He founded the Church of Jesus 
 
581 
 
 Smith, M. P. W. 
 
 Christ of Latter-Day Saints on April 6, 
 1830. In November of the same year, after 
 the conversion of Sidney Rigdon (q.v. ), 
 he established a settlement at Kirtland. 
 Failure of the bank that he had founded led 
 to his flight to Missouri seven years later. 
 Besides the Book of Mormon, A Book of 
 Commandments, and an autobiography, 
 Smith published a collection of sermons 
 and revelations: Doctrine and Covenants of 
 the Church of the Latter Day Saints . . . , 
 Kirtland, 1835. 
 
 SMITH, JOSEPH (Nov. 6, 1832-Dec. 10, 
 1914), Mormon leader, son of the founder 
 of the church, Joseph Smith (q.v.), was born 
 in Kirtland, Lake County, and spent his 
 early years there. He accompanied the Mor- 
 mons to Missouri and Illinois, but after 
 his father's murder his mother remained in 
 Nauvoo. In 1860 he accepted the presidency 
 of the Reorganized Church of Latter-Day 
 Saints. He vigorously opposed polygamy 
 and maintained that his father had never 
 advocated it. Most of his writings were 
 letters and tracts attacking the practice. His 
 memoirs appeared in the Saints' Herald be- 
 tween Nov., 1934, and July, 1937, but do 
 not seem to have been published in book 
 form. 
 History of the Church, (with Heman C. 
 
 Smith), 4 vols., 1900-03. 
 Plural Marriage in America . . . , Lamoni, 
 
 Iowa, [1903]. 
 One Wife or Many?, Lamoni, Iowa, [n.d.]. 
 The Rejection of the Church, Lamoni, Iowa. 
 
 [n.d.]. 
 Who Then Can Be Saved?, [Piano, 111., n.d.]. 
 
 SMITH, JOSEPH PATTERSON (Aug. 7, 
 1856-Feb. 5, 1898), was born in West Union, 
 Adams County. After learning the printing 
 trade, he became a reporter, and in 1876, 
 while traveling as a political correspondent 
 of the Cincinnati Commercial, he met Wil- 
 liam McKinley, to whose political fortunes 
 he afterward devoted himself. He edited 
 newspapers in Lebanon, Batavia, West Union, 
 Urbana, and Toledo. As editor of the Urbana 
 Daily Citizen he was first to suggest Mc- 
 Kinley's nomination for the governorship. 
 In 1892, after his election, Governor Mc- 
 Kinley appointed him state librarian. In 
 1893 he compiled Speeches and Addresses 
 of William McKinley. He resigned as li- 
 brarian in 1896 to work for his mentor's 
 nomination for the Presidency. On March 
 29, 1897, President McKinley appointed him 
 director of the Bureau of the American Re- 
 publics. His health, however, which had 
 never been robust, failed, and he died in 
 Miami, Fla. 
 
 History of the Republican Party in Ohio and 
 Memoirs of Its Representative Supporters, 
 2 vols., Chicago, 1898. 
 
 SMITH, JUDSON (June 28, 1837-June 29, 
 1906), clergyman, born in Middlefield, Mass., 
 was a resident of Ohio for more than twenty 
 years. He attended Oberlin College for a 
 time before graduating from Amherst Col- 
 lege in 1859. He graduated from Oberlin 
 Seminary in 1863 and served the following 
 year as a tutor in Latin and Greek, was on 
 the faculty of the college and the seminary, 
 1866-84, and also lectured on modern his- 
 tory at Lake Erie Seminary, Painesville, 
 1879-84. He left Ohio to serve on the 
 American Board of Commissioners for For- 
 eign Missions, to whose endeavors he de- 
 voted the rest of his life. 
 Lectures in Church History . . . , Oberlin, 
 
 1881. 
 A History of the American Board Missions 
 in Africa . . . , Boston, 1905. 
 
 SMITH, LOUIS P. (Sept. 14, 1867-July 31, 
 1943), lawyer, was born in Hamilton, But- 
 ler County, but spent much of his life in 
 Toledo. Before becoming a lawyer he taught 
 school for several years. At the time of his 
 death in Toledo, he was a resident of the 
 Lorraine Hotel, apparently the source of 
 his pen name, Louis Lorraine, under which 
 he published The Rocky Road to Riches, 
 Boston, [1941]. 
 
 SMITH, LUCY HAHN KING (Oct. 29, 1871- 
 June 23, 1940), educator, was born in Ches- 
 nut Hill, Franklin County. After studying 
 at New England Conservatory of Music, 
 she married Alfred F. Smith. She taught 
 music in the public schools of Kansas and 
 at Central College for Women, Lexington. 
 Mo. She died in Nashville, Tenn. She pub- 
 lished a book of poems: Cadences, Cedar 
 Rapids, Iowa, 1929. BDCP 
 
 SMITH, MARY PRUDENCE WELLS (July 
 23, 1840-Dec. 17, 1930), was born in At- 
 tica, N. Y. After graduating from the high 
 school in Greenville, Mass., she taught there 
 for three years. In 1864 she became the 
 first woman to be employed in a Massa- 
 chusetts bank. In 1875 she married Judge 
 Fayette Smith of Cincinnati; he died in 
 1903, and a few years later she returned to 
 Greenville, Mass. Some of her stories were 
 published under the pen name P. Thorne. 
 Jolly Good Times; Or, Child-Life on a 
 
 Farm, Boston, 1875. 
 Jolly Good Times at School . . . , Boston, 
 
 1877. 
 The Browns, Boston, 1884. 
 
Smith, M. W. 
 
 582 
 
 Miss Ellis's Mission, Boston, 1886. 
 
 Their Canoe Trip, Boston, 1889. 
 
 Jolly Good Times at Hackmatack, Boston, 
 
 1891. 
 More Good Times at Hackmatack, Boston, 
 
 1892. 
 Jolly Good Times Today, Boston, 1894. 
 A Jolly Good Summer, Boston, 1895. 
 The Young Puritans of Old Hadley, Boston, 
 
 1897. 
 The Young Puritans in King Philip's War, 
 
 Boston, 1898. 
 What Women Have Done in Literature in 
 
 the United States since 1649, Boston, 
 
 1899. 
 The Young Puritans in Captivity, Boston, 
 
 1899. 
 The Young and Old Puritans of Hatfield, 
 
 Boston, 1900. 
 Four on a Farm, Boston, 1901. 
 The Boy Captive of Old Deerfield, Boston, 
 
 1904. 
 The Boy Captive in Canada, Boston, 1905. 
 Boys of the Border, Boston, 1907. 
 Boys and Girls of Seventy-Seven, Boston, 
 
 [1909]. 
 Two in a Bungalow, Boston, 1914. 
 Three in a Camp, Boston, 1916. 
 Five in a Ford, Boston, 1918. 
 
 SMITH, MILES WOODWARD (Nov. 23, 
 1889- ), clergyman, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from William Jewell College, Liberty, Mo., 
 and Newton Theological Institution in 1917. 
 After preaching in Baptist churches in Mis- 
 souri, Massachusetts, and Ohio, he entered 
 the educational branch of the Baptist Church 
 and edited Sunday school publications, 
 1930-50. He is now director and editor of 
 the Department of Book Publication. He 
 has published several books on religious 
 themes, e.g., On Whom the Spirit Came; A 
 Study of the Acts of the Apostles, Philadel- 
 phia, [1948]. Also, under the pen name S. 
 M. Woodward, he has published popular 
 fiction, e.g., Shot in the Pulpit, London, 
 [1939]. WW 26 
 
 SMITH, OBERLIN (March 22, 1840-July 
 18, 1926), engineer, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He lived in Bridgeton, 
 N. J., where he founded and operated Fer- 
 racute Machine Co. Besides technical books 
 and articles, he published The Material, Why 
 Not Immortal?, Boston, [1921]. WWW 1 
 
 SMITH, OPHIA D. (Feb. 19, 1891- ), 
 was born in Walnut Grove, Mo. She has 
 lived in Oxford since 1926, when her hus- 
 band, William E. Smith (q.v. ), joined the 
 Miami University history faculty. She has 
 
 lectured on state and local history and has 
 published numerous articles. She has also 
 published a useful volume of local his- 
 tory: Old Oxford Houses and the People 
 Who Lived in Them, Oxford, 1941. 
 
 SMITH, PERCY KENDALL (Nov. 6, 1875- 
 ), was born in Painesville, Lake County. 
 He attended Painesville schools and Am- 
 herst College, was associated with several 
 Painesville banks and business firms, and 
 from 1907 until his retirement in 1928 was 
 president of the Painesville Metallic Bind- 
 ing Co. He has published articles on local 
 history in the Painesville Telegraph and a 
 book: Abstractions of an Introvert . . . , 
 Painesville, [1945]. WWMW 49 
 
 SMITH, PETER (1753-Dec. 31, 1816), 
 physician, was born in Wales. When he 
 was a child, his parents came to the United 
 States and settled in New Jersey. Although 
 he chose to refer to himself as "Father 
 Smith" or "the Indian Doctor," according 
 to his grandson, General Joseph Warren 
 Keifer (q.v.), he was a graduate of Prince- 
 ton and a full-fledged doctor of medicine. 
 After leaving New Jersey he lived for a 
 short while in Georgia, and then made his 
 way to the Ohio country and settled in 
 Cincinnati about 1794. Ten years later he 
 moved with his family to Donnel's Creek, 
 Clark County, where he apparently served 
 as a Baptist minister and as a physician. 
 Referring to Smith's book, The Indian Doc- 
 tor's Dispensatory, as the first materia 
 medica published west of the Allegheny 
 Mountains, John Uri Lloyd reprinted it in 
 the Lloyd Library Bulletin in 1901. Of the 
 original edition only a very few copies are 
 known to exist, and it has long been a 
 prime desideratum of collectors of early 
 Midwestern books. Peter Smith died on 
 his farm in Clark County. 
 The Indian Doctor's Dispensatory, Being 
 Father Smith's Advice Respecting Diseases 
 and Their Cure . . . , Cincinnati, 1813. 
 
 SMITH, PRESERVED (July 22, 1880-May 
 15, 1941), historian and educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, the son 
 of Henry Preserved Smith (q.v.). He grad- 
 uated from Amherst College in 1901 and 
 Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1907. He 
 served on the faculties of Williams College, 
 1904-06, Amherst College, 1907-14. Har- 
 vard University, 1919-20, and Cornell Uni- 
 versity, 1922-41. An authority in the field 
 of Reformation history, he published a 
 number of significant biographies and his- 
 torical works, e.g., The Age of the Reforma- 
 tion, New York, 1920. WWW 1 
 
583 
 
 Smith, W. H. 
 
 SMITH. ROBERT PHILIP (April 7. 1863- 
 Aug. 4, 1955), clergyman, was born in 
 Groveport, Franklin County. After attend- 
 ing Ohio Normal University in 1889. he 
 taught school to pay his expenses at Ohio 
 Wesleyan University, where he graduated 
 in 1895. After being ordained to the Meth- 
 odist ministry, he served churches in Mon- 
 tana and was president of Kansas Wesleyan 
 University, 1908-15. In 1915 he returned 
 to Montana to become pastor of First Meth- 
 odist Church, Bozeman. He published Re- 
 ligious Optimism, Boston, [1922]. WW 16 
 
 SMITH, SARAH LOUISA HICKMAN (June 
 30, 1811-Feb. 12, 1832). born in Detroit, 
 Mich., lived in Cincinnati, 1829-31. While 
 there, she contributed poems to the Gazette. 
 Some of her verse was compiled in Poems, 
 Providence, [R.I.], 1829. 
 
 SMITH, SOLOMON FRANKLIN (April 20. 
 1801-Feb. 14, 1869). comedian and theater 
 manager, born in Norwich, N. Y.. came to 
 Cincinnati in 1818. After roaming about Ohio, 
 Indiana, and Kentucky for a time, he joined 
 Alexander Drake's theatrical company in 
 Cincinnati and also studied law. He founded 
 a Jacksonian newspaper, the Independent 
 Press and Freedom's Advocate, in 1822, but 
 he sold it the next year to travel as an actor 
 and a manager. He left the stage in 1853 to 
 practice law in St. Louis. He published sev- 
 eral books of reminiscences, e.g., The The- 
 atrical Apprenticeship and Anecdotical Rec- 
 ollections of Sol Smith . . . , Philadelphia, 
 1846. 
 
 SMITH, VINCENT EDWARD (Aug. 20, 
 1915- ), educator, was born in Lockland, 
 Hamilton County. He attended Xavier Uni- 
 versity and earned his Ph.D. from Catholic 
 University in 1947. Since 1950 he has been 
 on the faculty of the University of Notre 
 Dame. Besides several books on philosophy 
 and physics, he has published a biography: 
 Julie, Exponent of Catholic Action, [Read- 
 ing, 1938]. CWW 11 
 
 SMITH, WALTER GEORGE (Nov. 24, 
 1854-April 4, 1924), lawyer and banker, was 
 born in Logan County. He graduated from 
 the University of Pennsylvania in 1873 and 
 the law school in 1877. He practiced law in 
 Philadelphia and also was manager of Bene- 
 ficial Saving Fund. 
 
 Life and Letters of Thomas Kilby Smith, 
 Brevet Major-General, United States Vol- 
 unteers 1820-1887, New York, 1898. 
 "The Exponent of Democracy," [Philadel- 
 phia, 1918]. 
 Fidelis of the Cross . . . , New York, 1926. 
 
 SMITH, WILLIAM ERNEST (April 30, 
 1892- ), educator, born in Licking, Mo., 
 has been on the history faculty, Miami Uni- 
 versity, since 1926 and has served as dean of 
 the graduate school since 1950. He is mar- 
 ried to Ophia D. Smith (q.v.). He has pub- 
 lished several historical and biographical 
 works, e.g.. The Francis Preston Blair Family 
 in Politics, New York, 1933. WW 30 
 
 SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (Dec. 1, 1833- 
 July 27. 1896), journalist, was born in Aus- 
 terlitz, N. Y., but when he was two years old 
 his parents moved to Homer, Licking County. 
 There William Henry attended public school 
 until he went to Green Mount Seminary near 
 Richmond, Ind. While at the seminary in 
 1855. he contributed an article to the Type 
 of the Times, a Cincinnati paper, and was 
 asked to join its editorial staff. After leaving 
 that paper Smith served as Columbus cor- 
 respondent of the Cincinnati Commercial 
 (1858-59). was one of the editors of the 
 Cincinnati Gazette (1859-63), and editor of 
 the Odd-Fellows' Casket and Review (1859- 
 61). He became one of Ohio's most influen- 
 tial citizens, yet is one of the least known. 
 One of the nation's leading newspapermen of 
 the post-Civil War decades, Smith was also 
 secretary of state of Ohio, a governor-maker, 
 a president-maker, and a capable historian. 
 In 1863 Smith began to push John Brough 
 for the gubernatorial nomination on the 
 Union ticket. He played a prominent role in 
 Brough's election over Clement Vallandigham 
 in 1864, and was named his private secretary. 
 That summer Smith maneuvered the nomina- 
 tion of Rutherford B. Hayes for Congress, 
 and Hayes won. Smith was elected Ohio's 
 secietary of state the same year, and during 
 his two terms there were two remarkable ac- 
 complishments: first, he won a position of 
 power in the Republican Party in Ohio; sec- 
 ond, he collected the personal papers and 
 portraits of a number of Ohio's early gov- 
 ernors, including the papers of Arthur St. 
 Clair, first governor of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory. In Jan., 1867, Smith urged Hayes to 
 run for governor and led the movement for 
 his nomination. Soon after Hayes's election 
 Smith resigned as secretary of state to join 
 the staff of the Cincinnati Chronicle early in 
 1868. In Oct., 1869, he became general man- 
 ager of the Western Associated Press, with 
 offices in Chicago. In his new position Smith 
 pressed Hayes to run for higher office, man- 
 aged the campaign for his nomination for the 
 Presidency in 1876, and was particularly 
 effective in winning the support of Southern 
 leaders for Hayes in the post-election contest. 
 Smith was one of Hayes's closest advisers 
 during his Presidency. Although Smith could 
 
Smucker 
 
 584 
 
 have had almost any office he wanted, he 
 accepted only the collectorship of the port 
 of Chicago. He immediately undertook an 
 investigation of the maladministration of the 
 port under his predecessor, which resulted 
 also in the disclosure of frauds in the New 
 York customs house and the removal of 
 Chester A. Arthur and A. B. Cornell as col- 
 lector and naval officer respectively. The end 
 of the Hayes Administration found Smith in 
 a strong position in the newspaper world. He 
 had made the Western Associated Press into 
 an effective and financially successful organi- 
 zation, and in Jan., 1883, when that organi- 
 zation united with the New York Associated 
 Press, he was named general manager of the 
 combination. Soon after that he raised money 
 to support the development of the linotype 
 machine, and in 1885 he was one of the or- 
 ganizers and became treasurer and a director 
 of the Mergenthaler Printing Company, 
 which was established to manufacture the 
 revolutionary typesetting machine. Smith re- 
 tired from the management of the Associated 
 Press in 1892, but became co-owner of the 
 Indianapolis News in 1893. During the re- 
 maining few years before his death Smith 
 wrote a history of slavery in this country. It 
 was published posthumously in 1903 under 
 the title A Political History of Slavery. His 
 first notable work, produced at the request 
 of the Ohio General Assembly, was The St. 
 Clair Papers. The Life and Public Services of 
 Arthur St. Clair . . . with His Correspondence 
 and Other Papers. In 1885 he published a 
 small volume, originally an address, on 
 Charles Hammond (q.v.). In 1888, in an 
 article entitled "Unpublished Washington Let- 
 ters" in the Magazine of American History, 
 XIX, 114-143, Smith disclosed the inaccura- 
 cies and alterations in Jared Sparks's edition 
 of the writings of George Washington. In 
 Dec, 1889, Smith appeared before the Ameri- 
 can Historical Association, of which he was 
 a member, to give a paper on the "The Cor- 
 respondence of the Pelham Family, and the 
 Loss of Oswego to the British," which was 
 published in the association's Papers, IV 
 (1890). In his introduction to this paper 
 Smith stressed the need to collect and pre- 
 serve the manuscript records of the past. At 
 the time of his death Smith was working on a 
 life of Hayes, who had asked that Smith be 
 his official biographer. Smith sorted and ar- 
 ranged many of the Hayes papers, but it 
 remained for his son-in-law, Charles R. Wil- 
 liams, to write the biography. 
 
 James H. Rodabaugh 
 
 The St. Clair Papers. The Life and Public 
 Services of Arthur St. Clair . . . , 2 vols., 
 Cincinnati, 1882. 
 
 A Political History of Slavery . . . , 2 vols., 
 New York, 1903. 
 
 SMUCKER, ISAAC (Dec. 14, 1807-Jan. 31, 
 1897), was born in Shenandoah County, Va. 
 He came to Newark as a young man and 
 spent his life in that community. Interested 
 in local history, he was secretary of the 
 Pioneer Association and delivered a number 
 of papers that were printed as separate pam- 
 phlets. He also wrote for the Western 
 Monthly Magazine, the Ladies' Repository, 
 and other periodicals. 
 
 Our Pioneers . . . , Newark, 1872. 
 Mound Builders' Works Near Newark, Ohio, 
 [n.p., 1881]. 
 
 SMYSER, WILLIAM EMORY (Sept. 17, 
 1866-May 24, 1935), educator, born in Bal- 
 timore County, Md., joined the English De- 
 partment, Ohio Wesleyan University, in 1900 
 and served on the faculty until his death. He 
 was registrar, 1904-20, and dean, 1917-35. 
 He published numerous articles on religious 
 and literary subjects and Tennyson, New 
 York, [1906]. WWW 1 
 
 SMYTHE, RRANDT GEORGE (Aug. 21, 
 1843-April 15, 1931), lawyer, was born in 
 Newark, Licking County. After graduating 
 from Union College in 1864, he read law and 
 was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1866. He 
 practiced in Newark for 65 years and at the 
 time of his death was the oldest practicing 
 lawyer in Ohio. His only book was published 
 posthumously: Early Recollections of New- 
 ark, Newark, 1940. 
 
 SMYTHE, GEORGE FRANKLIN (Oct. 21, 
 
 1852-Aug. 25, 1934), clergyman and educa- 
 tor, was born in Toledo, Lucas County. He 
 graduated from Western Reserve University 
 in 1874, served Episcopal churches in Ober- 
 lin, Elyria, Toledo, and Mt. Vernon, and 
 was on the faculty of Kenyon College, 1900- 
 03 and 1915-20. His writings include Ken- 
 yon College, Its First Century, New Haven, 
 [Conn.], 1924. WWW 1 
 
 SNEDEKER, CAROLINE DALE PARKE 
 
 (March 23, 1870-Jan. 22, 1956), was born 
 in New Harmony, Ind.; she was a descendant 
 of Robert Dale Owen, founder of the com- 
 munity. She spent her later girlhood in Cin- 
 cinnati, where she attended public schools 
 and Miss Armstrong's School. After her mar- 
 riage in 1903 to Rev. Charles H. Snedeker, 
 dean of the Cincinnati Cathedral, they 
 moved to Hempstead, Long Island. After 
 her husband's death in 1927, she lived in 
 Cincinnati and Long Island, but traveled 
 widely. She wrote a number of books, most 
 
585 
 
 Snider, D. J. 
 
 of them historical novels for young readers, 
 e.g., The Coward of Thermopylae, New 
 York, 1911, and The Beckoning Road, New 
 York, 1929. Under the pen name Caroline 
 Dale Owen, she wrote Seth Way; A Ro- 
 mance of the New Harmony Community, 
 Boston, 1917. WWW 3 
 
 SNIDER, DENTON JAQUES (Jan. 9, 1841- 
 Nov. 25, 1925), educator and lecturer, was 
 born near Mount Gilead. Morrow County. 
 He graduated from Oberlin College in 1862. 
 In 1864 he became a teacher of Latin at the 
 College of the Christian Brothers in St. Louis. 
 Mo. Here he soon came under the influence 
 of William Torrey Harris and Henry C. 
 Brokmeyer, was converted to the philosophy 
 of Hegel, and was an organizer of the St. 
 Louis Philosophical Society. From 1867 to 
 1877 he taught in the St. Louis schools; he 
 devoted the next three years to European 
 travel. On his return he became a very pop- 
 ular lecturer and traveled throughout the 
 country until 1897. Returning to St. Louis in 
 1897, he installed himself in a boardinghouse 
 in the most squalid part of the city and de- 
 voted his declining years to writing. The 
 greater part of his extensive bibliography was 
 produced after his retirement from the lecture 
 platform. These books he published himself 
 under the imprint of Sigma Publishing Com- 
 pany and sold direct to members of the ex- 
 tensive following that he had acquired during 
 his lecture tours. Johnny Appleseed's Rhymes 
 and Lincoln in the Black Hawk War were 
 published under the pen name Theophilus 
 Middling. 
 
 Clarence; A Drama, St. Louis, 1872. 
 System of Shakespeare's Dramas, St. Louis, 
 
 1877. 
 Delphic Days, St. Louis, [1880]. 
 A Walk in Hellas . . . , 2 vols., St. Louis, 
 
 1881-82. 
 Agamemnon's Daughter. A Poem, Boston, 
 
 1885. 
 An Epigrammatic Voyage, Boston, 1886. 
 Goethe's Faust . . . , Chicago, 1886. 
 The Freeburgers. A Novel, [St. Louis, 
 
 1889]. 
 Psychology and the Psychosis, St. Louis, 
 
 [1890]. 
 The Shakespearean Drama . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1890]. 
 Homer in Chios . . . , St. Louis, [1891]. 
 Homer's Iliad, St. Louis, [1891]. 
 Commentary on the Literary Bible, St. 
 
 Louis, 1892. 
 Dante's Inferno. A Commentary, St. Louis, 
 
 1892. 
 Dante's Purgatory and Paradise, St. Louis, 
 
 [1892]. 
 Prorsus Retrorsus, St. Louis, 1892. 
 
 Froebel's Mother Play Songs . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1895]. 
 Homer's Odyssey . . . , St. Louis, [1895]. 
 Johnnv Appleseed's Rhymes . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1895]. 
 World's Fair Studies, St. Louis, [1895]. 
 The Will and Its World . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1899]. 
 The Life of Frederick Froebel . . . , Chi- 
 cago, [1900]. 
 The Psychology of Froebel's Play-Gifts, St. 
 
 Louis, [1900]. 
 Social Institutions in the Origin, Growth, 
 
 and Interconnection . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1901]. 
 The State, Specially the American State, 
 
 Psychologically Treated, St. Louis, 
 
 [1902]. 
 Ancient European Philosophy . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, [1903]. 
 Modern European Philosophy . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, [1904]. 
 Architecture as a Branch of Aesthetic, 
 
 Psychologically Treated, St. Louis, 
 
 [1905]. 
 Feeling, Psychologically Treated . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, [1905]. 
 The American Ten Years' War, 1855-1865, 
 
 St. Louis, [1906]. 
 The Father of History; An Account of 
 
 Herodotus, St. Louis, [1907]. 
 A Tour in Europe, St. Louis, [1907]. 
 Abraham Lincoln . . . , St. Louis, [1908]. 
 European History, Chiefly Ancient . . . , 
 
 St. Louis, [1908]. 
 Cosmos and Diacosmos . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1909]. 
 Lincoln in the Black Hawk War . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, [1910]. 
 A Writer of Books in His Genesis . . . , 
 
 St. Louis, [1910]. 
 The Biocosmos .... St. Louis, [1911]. 
 Lincoln and Ann Rutledge . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1912]. 
 Lincoln in the White House . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1913?]. 
 Music and the Fine Arts . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1913]. 
 Lincoln at Richmond . . . , St. Louis, [1914]. 
 Goethe's Life-Poem . . . , St. Louis, [1915]. 
 The House of Dreamery . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 [1918]. 
 The St. Louis Movement in Philosophy, Lit- 
 erature, Education, Psychology, with 
 
 Chapters of Autobiography, St. Louis, 
 
 1920. 
 A Biography of Ralph Waldo Emerson 
 
 . . . , St. Louis, 1921. 
 A Biographic Outline of Homer . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, 1922. 
 A Biography of Dante Alighieri . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, 1922. 
 
Snider, V. A. 
 
 586 
 
 A Biography of William Shakespeare . . . , 
 
 St. Louis, 1922. 
 The Redemption of the Hamlets . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, 1923. 
 The Shakesperiad . . . , St. Louis, 1923. 
 The Rise of Young Shakespeare . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, 1925. 
 
 SNIDER, VAN A. (Oct. 27, 1869-Sept. 13, 
 1935), lawyer and judge, was born in Wal- 
 nut Township, Fairfield County. He read 
 law, was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1896, 
 and served as probate judge of Fairfield 
 County, 1921-29. A member of the Ohio 
 National Guard, he was called into service 
 during World War I. The American Legion 
 sponsored his book, Fairfield County in the 
 World War, Lancaster, [1926]. 
 
 SNOW, ELIZA ROXEY (Jan. 21, 1804-Dec. 
 5, 1887), sister of Lorenzo Snow (q.v.), 
 was born in Becket, Mass. Her family 
 migrated to Mantua when she was little 
 more than an infant in arms. As a young 
 woman she contributed considerable verse 
 to the local press. In April, 1835, she fol- 
 lowed her mother and sister in joining the 
 Mormon church, and she moved to Kirt- 
 land in December of that year. She gained 
 prominence among the Mormons as a 
 teacher and later as president of the Wom- 
 en's Relief Society. She was secretly mar- 
 ried to Prophet Joseph Smith on June 29, 
 1842. In 1849 she became one of the wives 
 of Smith's successor, Brigham Young. Many 
 of the most popular Mormon hymns were 
 from her pen. 
 Poems, Religious, Historical and Political, 
 
 2 vols., Liverpool and Salt Lake City, 
 
 1856-77. 
 Hymns and Songs, Salt Lake City, 1880. 
 Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo 
 
 Snow, Salt Lake City, 1884. 
 
 SNOW, JANE ELLIOTT (June 14, 1837- 
 Aug. 22, 1922), was born on a farm near 
 Royalton, Fairfield County. She taught 
 school in Parma and lived there until 1892, 
 when she settled in Cleveland. She lectured 
 frequently on women's rights and other 
 subjects. She published a family history and 
 Bits of Verse, [Cleveland], 1916. 
 
 SNOW, LORENZO (April 3, 1814-Oct. 10, 
 1901), Mormon leader, younger brother of 
 Eliza Roxey Snow (q.v.), was born in Man- 
 tua, Portage County. He left Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1836 and joined his family in Kirt- 
 land, where they had been converted by the 
 Mormons. He was baptized in June, 1836, 
 and was an active missionary for several 
 years. After the murder of Joseph Smith, 
 
 he adhered to Brigham Young's faction and 
 made the trek to Iowa, thence to Utah. 
 After two years as a missionary in Europe, 
 he was sent with fifty families to Brigham 
 City in northern Utah, where he lived most 
 of the remainder of his life. His practical 
 sense and organizing ability were dem- 
 onstrated in the successful co-operative he 
 founded in Brigham City. He was impris- 
 oned for a year, 1886-87, for polygamy. 
 He served as president of the church dur- 
 ing the last three years of his life. 
 The Only Way to Be Saved: An Explana- 
 tion of the First Principles of the Doc- 
 trine of the Church of Jesus Christ of 
 Latter-day Saints, Liverpool, 1855. 
 
 SNOW, ROYALL HENDERSON (Jan. 21, 
 1898- ), born in Chicago, has been a 
 member of the English faculty, Ohio State 
 University, since 1928. Co-editor of two 
 widely used anthologies and author of ar- 
 ticles on various subjects, he has also pub- 
 lished several collections of poetry, includ- 
 ing This Experimental Life, New York, 
 [1930]. DAS 3 
 
 SNOW, SAMUEL (?-?), was a resident of 
 Strongsville. Little is known of his life, but 
 he had apparently lived in the community 
 for some years before 1838, the year in 
 which he joined the secret organization 
 '"Hunters and Rangers," formed to aid the 
 insurrectionary movement in Canada. One 
 of four Strongsville men captured by the 
 British, Snow was first sentenced to be 
 hanged but was afterward banished to Van 
 Diemen's Land (Tasmania). Pardoned in 
 1845, he returned to Strongsville. His sim- 
 ple narrative is one of the best accounts of 
 this little-known episode. 
 The Exile's Return: Or, Narrative of Sam- 
 uel Snow Who Was Banished to Van 
 Dieman's Land for Participating, in 
 1838, in the Patriot War in Upper Can- 
 ada, Cleveland, 1846. 
 
 SOCKMAN, RALPH WASHINGTON (Oct. 
 1, 1889- ), clergyman, was born in 
 Mount Vernon, Knox County. He gradu- 
 ated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1911, Union Theological Seminary in 1916, 
 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1917. 
 He was minister of Christ Church, New 
 York City, 1917-61, has lectured widely, 
 and has preached on a national radio pro- 
 gram for 33 years. He has published several 
 books on religious themes, e.g.. Life for 
 Tomorrow, New York, 1939. WW 30 
 
 SOHN, RUTH SOUTHARD (Mrs. Frank 
 E.) (Oct. 17, 1907- ), born in Atco, 
 
587 
 
 Spangler, M. A. 
 
 N. J., has lived in Toledo since 1937. Under 
 her maiden name, she has published a 
 novel: No Sad Songs for Me, New York, 
 1944. 
 
 SOLA. Pseud. See Olive S. L. Anderson. 
 
 SOMERVILLE, HENRY. Pseud. See Mary 
 G. Humphreys. 
 
 SOPER, EDMUND DAVISON (July 18, 
 1876-Oct. 24, 1961), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, born in Tokyo, served on the Ohio 
 Wesleyan University faculty, 1910-14, and 
 returned as president, 1928-38, after teach- 
 ing at Northwestern University and Duke 
 University. On leaving Ohio Wesleyan, he 
 joined the faculty of Garrett Biblical Insti- 
 tute, Evanston, 111., where he lived there- 
 after. He wrote textbooks on comparative 
 religions and a book on the World Confer- 
 ence on Faith and Order, held in 1927: 
 Lausanne: The Will to Understand . . . , 
 New York, 1928. WW 27 
 
 SOUREK, GRACE HAGGERTY (Nov. 28, 
 1886- ), was born in Oxford, Mass. She 
 attended the University of Akron, taught in 
 the public schools of New England and 
 Ohio, and in 1913 married Joseph F. 
 Sourek, an Akron lawyer, now deceased. 
 Now Mrs. Al Reeves, she lives in Akron 
 and St. Petersburg, Fla. She has written a 
 novel about pioneer life in northwestern 
 Ohio: Wild flower, New York, 1928. 
 
 SOUTHARD, RUTH. See Ruth S. Sohn. 
 
 SOUTHWORTH, GEORGE CHAMPLIN 
 SHEPARD (Dec. 13, 1842-Feb. 19, 
 1918), educator, was born in West Spring- 
 field, Mass. A graduate of Yale University 
 in 1863 and Harvard Law School in 1865, 
 he taught at Bexley Seminary, Kenyon Col- 
 lege, 1881-89. After traveling in Europe for 
 the next eight years, he returned to Glen- 
 dale, Hamilton County, where he spent the 
 remainder of his life. He wrote a family 
 history in addition to the listed titles. The 
 posthumous collection of his writings was 
 edited by his son, George S. Southworth. 
 Six Lectures Introductory to the Study of 
 
 English Literature, Cambridge, [Mass.], 
 
 1887. 
 Essays and Poems . . . , [Indianapolis?, 
 
 1929?]. 
 
 SOUTHWORTH, JAMES GRANVILLE 
 
 (Oct. 18. 1896- ). educator, born in 
 Monroe. Mich., has lived in Ohio since 
 1931. He has taught English at Heidelberg 
 College, 1931-34, and the University of 
 
 Toledo since 1934. He has written several 
 books on modern English and American 
 literature, e.g., Sowing the Spring; Studies 
 in British Poets from Hopkins to MacNeice, 
 Oxford, 1940. WW 30 
 
 SOWERS, DELLA (d.Jan. 13, 1950), was 
 born in Allensville, Vinton County. A resi- 
 dent of McArthur, she served two terms as 
 justice of peace and was advertising agent 
 for the McArthur Democrat-Enquirer and 
 the Wellston Daily Sentinel. She also con- 
 ducted a poetry column in the Enquirer. 
 She died in McArthur as the result of in- 
 juries suffered in an automobile accident in 
 Sept., 1948. Her poems appeared in numer- 
 ous anthologies and periodicals, and she 
 published a collection: Maple Dawn, Co- 
 lumbus, [1948]. BDCP 
 
 SPAHR, CHARLES BARZILLAI (July 20, 
 1860-Aug. 30, 1904), journalist, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County, the son of 
 a Methodist minister. After attending Co- 
 lumbus public schools, he graduated from 
 Amherst College in 1881, taught in a Co- 
 lumbus high school for a short time, and 
 studied at the University of Leipzig and 
 Columbia University, where he received his 
 Ph.D. in 1886. He was on the editorial staff 
 of Christian Union (Outlook) until 1904. 
 His editorials and articles on sociological 
 and economic questions represented a con- 
 sistently liberal viewpoint and nearly al- 
 ways were written in support of a minority 
 opinion or group. In 1904 he became owner 
 and editor of Current Literature, but while 
 on a tour of Europe for the sake of his 
 health, he disappeared on Aug. 30, 1904, 
 from the ship on which he was traveling 
 from Ostend to Dover. His body was re- 
 covered Sept. 21. 
 An Essay on the Present Distribution of 
 
 Wealth . . . , New York, [1896]. 
 America's Working People, New York, 
 1900. 
 
 SPANGLER, HELEN KING (May 27, 1840- 
 March 11, 1884). was born in Newark, 
 Licking County. Except for the fact that 
 she died in Coshocton, no other details have 
 been discovered. The action of her only 
 novel takes place in England. 
 The Physician's Wife. A Novel, Philadel- 
 phia, 1875. 
 
 SPANGLER, MARY A. (Dec. 9, 1846-1907), 
 born near Berne, Switzerland, was brought 
 to America when she was five years old. 
 She grew up in Upper Sandusky, graduated 
 from Northwestern College in Illinois, and 
 taught in Greensburg, Summit County. After 
 
 1 
 
Spanton 
 
 588 
 
 her marriage to George H. Spangler of 
 Canton in 1878, she lived in Canton, where 
 she was active in the temperance move- 
 ment and civic affairs. Her one book is a 
 discussion of women's rights and duties. 
 Domestic Economy, New York, 1893. 
 
 SPANTON, ALBERT I. (Nov. 28. 1872- 
 Aug. 31, 1955), educator, born in Sunder- 
 land, England, came to the United States 
 in 1885. He graduated from Buchtel Col- 
 lege in 1899, was assistant principal of 
 Buchtel Academy, 1900-04, taught English 
 at Buchtel College, 1905-43, and served as 
 dean, 1914-38. He published articles in var- 
 ious periodicals and a history of Buchtel: 
 Fifty Years of Buchtel . . . , Akron, 1922. 
 OBB 
 
 SPARKES, BOYDEN (Jan. 6, 1890-May 18, 
 1954), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He entered journalism in 1907, 
 when he began working on the Cincinnati 
 Commercial; he worked on various news- 
 papers until 1924, after which he devoted 
 himself to magazine writing. He died in 
 Wilson, N. C. He wrote several books, e.g., 
 Hetty Green, a Woman Who Loved Money, 
 New York, 1930. WWW 3 
 
 SPARKS, EDWIN ERLE (July 16, 1860- 
 June 15, 1924), educator, was born on a 
 farm near Newark, Licking County. After 
 spending a year at Ohio Wesleyan Univer- 
 sity, he transferred to Ohio State University, 
 where he graduated in 1884. He was a 
 school principal in Portsmouth and Martins 
 Ferry, 1885-90, taught at Pennsylvania 
 State College, 1890-96, and the University 
 of Chicago, 1896-1908, and served as pres- 
 ident of Pennsylvania State College, 1908— 
 20. Perhaps his most important contribu- 
 tion to education was his encouragement of 
 extension courses. He was also popular as 
 a lecturer and wrote several textbooks. 
 The Expansion of the American People . . . , 
 
 Chicago, 1900. 
 The Men Who Made the Nation . . . , New 
 
 York, 1901. 
 The Beginnings of Chicago, [Chicago, 
 
 1903]. 
 Plain Talks on American History . . . , 
 
 Chicago, 1904. 
 National Development, 1877-1885, New 
 
 York, 1907. 
 
 SPARROW, WILLIAM (March 12, 1801- 
 Jan. 17, 1874), clergyman, and educator, 
 born in Charlestown, Mass., lived eighteen 
 years in Ohio. In 1822 he came to Huron 
 County, where his father had moved earlier. 
 He taught in Worthington and in Cincin- 
 
 nati College, where Bishop Philander 
 Chase (q.v.) was president. In 1824 he ac- 
 cepted a professorship, but the following 
 year he was persuaded by Bishop Chase 
 that he should assist in founding a semi- 
 nary. He became principal of the school 
 when it was opened on the Bishop's farm 
 near Worthington and was vice president 
 when it was moved to Gambier as Kenyon 
 College. Sparrow was ordained an Epis- 
 copal priest in 1826: the next year he mar- 
 ried a sister-in-law of Bishop Chase. He re- 
 mained at Kenyon for ten years after the 
 resignation of Bishop Chase, but his low- 
 church views made his situation increasingly 
 uncomfortable, and in 1841 he resigned to 
 accept a professorship in Alexandria, Va., 
 where he served until his death. Besides the 
 pamphlet listed below, a number of his ser- 
 mons and letters were published. 
 A Reply to the Charges and Accusations of 
 the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, D.D., Gam- 
 bier, 1832. 
 
 SPALLDING, SOLOMON (1761-Oct. 20, 
 1816), clergyman, born in Ashford, Conn., 
 after preaching in the East, came to New 
 Salem (Conneaut) in 1809 and operated 
 an iron foundry there for about four years. 
 While in Ohio he wrote a romance about 
 ancient inhabitants of America: The Manu- 
 script Found. He was unable to find a 
 publisher for his manuscript, but when Mor- 
 mons arrived in northeastern Ohio twenty 
 years later, their detractors,- notably Eber 
 D. Howe (q.v.), maintained that Spaul- 
 ding's novel had somehow furnished the 
 historical framework for the Book of Mor- 
 mon. The belief was widely held until 1884, 
 when James H. Fairchild (q.v.), president 
 of Oberlin College, discovered the manu- 
 script and found little resemblance to the 
 Book of Mormon. 
 
 SPAYTHE, JACOB A. (Oct. 8, 1869-Sept. 
 23, 1934), was born in Guernsey County. 
 He attended Findlay public schools, taught 
 in Findlay, and worked in the office of the 
 Findlay city auditor for fifteen years. He 
 later worked for Firestone Rubber Com- 
 pany. His death occurred in Fort Myers, Fla. 
 He wrote History of Hancock County . . . , 
 Toledo, 1903. 
 
 SPEARS, JOHN RANDOLPH (April 21, 
 1850-Jan. 25, 1936), journalist, was born 
 in Van Wert, Van Wert County. He worked 
 on a country newspaper as a young boy, 
 entered the U.S. Naval Academy in 1866, 
 but resigned in 1869 to return to journal- 
 ism. After working on several papers in 
 upstate New York, he joined the editorial 
 
589 
 
 Spencer, P. R. 
 
 staff of the New York Sun. He traveled ex- 
 tensively for the Sun, visiting Greenland, 
 Patagonia, Mexico, and remote sections of 
 the United States. He wrote many stories 
 and articles for magazines. 
 Illustrated Sketches of Death Valley . . . , 
 
 Chicago, 1892. 
 The Gold Diggings of Cape Horn . . . , 
 
 New York, 1895. 
 The Port of Missing Ships, and Other 
 
 Stories of the Sea, New York, 1897. 
 The History of Our Navy . . . , 5 vols., 
 
 New York, 1897-99. 
 Our Navy in the War with Spain, New 
 
 York, 1898. 
 The Fugitive; A Tale of Adventure . . . , New 
 
 York, 1899. 
 The American Slave Trade . . . , New York, 
 
 1900. 
 Anthony Wayne . . . , Philadelphia, 1903. 
 A History of the Mississippi Valley . . . , 
 
 New York, 1903. 
 David G. Farragut, Philadelphia, [1905]. 
 Captain Nathaniel Brown Palmer, New 
 
 York, 1907. 
 The Story of the New England Whalers, 
 
 New York, 1908. 
 The Story of the American Merchant Ma- 
 rine, New York, 1910. 
 Master Mariners, New York, [1912]. 
 Buying for the Long Pull, New York, 1922. 
 Biography of John Bloomfield Jervis, C.E., 
 
 New York, 1933. 
 
 SPEARS, RAYMOND SMILEY (Aug. 2, 
 1876-Jan. 26, 1950), was born in Bellevue, 
 Huron County, where he attended public 
 schools. He worked on the New York Sun, 
 1896-1900, and afterward was a prolific 
 writer on outdoor life. He also wrote a 
 number of scenarios for motion pictures. 
 Some of his work appeared under the pen 
 name Jim Smiley. He died in Inglewood, 
 Calif. He wrote a number of books, e.g., 
 A Trip on the Great Lakes . . . , Colum- 
 bus, [1913]. WWW 3 
 
 SPEARY, NELLIE BEST (Jan. 29, 1872- 
 June 8, 1943), was born in Marietta, Wash- 
 ington County. In 1899 she married C. 
 Frederick Speary, an oil field operator. She 
 was active in civic affairs of Marietta and 
 wrote a book, sponsored by the Marietta 
 Music Club: Music and Life in Marietta 
 . . . , Marietta, 1939. 
 
 SPECTACLES. Pseud. See John H. A. Bone. 
 
 SPENCER, ABBIE KELLEY (June 11, 
 1859-May 4, 1908), was born in Hartford, 
 Trumbull County. She taught school, and 
 her husband, Charles F. Spencer, was a 
 
 teacher in various communities, including 
 Chesterfield, Kipton, and Oberlin. She died 
 in Cleveland. 
 
 "Considerations." A Novel, New York, 
 1894. 
 
 SPENCER, CHARLES EDGAR (1856-1916), 
 was born in Somerset, Perry County. Ex- 
 cept that he was living in Somerset in the 
 1870s, no details on his life have been 
 found. 
 Rue, Thyme, and Myrtle, a Collection of 
 
 Poems and Songs, Philadelphia, 1876. 
 The Viking, Guy, Legend of the Moxahala, 
 
 and Other Poems, Philadelphia, 1878. 
 
 SPENCER, EDNA EARLE COLE (Sept. 14, 
 1881- ), was born in Barnesville, Bel- 
 mont County. She attended Mount Union 
 College and Hartford School of Religious 
 Education and was director of the Chil- 
 dren's Division, New Jersey State Council 
 of Religious Education. In 1917 she mar- 
 ried John D. Spencer, who died in 1949; in 
 1955 she married Rev. E. Graham Wilson 
 and now lives in Bronxville, N. Y. An ac- 
 tive Sunday school worker, she has dram- 
 atized Bible stories for children, and pub- 
 lished them as The Good Samaritan and 
 Other Biblical Stories . . . , [New York, 
 1915]. 
 
 SPENCER, OLIVER M. (Sept., 1781-May, 
 1838), born in Mendham, N. J., was cap- 
 tured by Indians when he was eleven and 
 lived with them for more than two years. 
 In 1803 he became a clerk in the Miami 
 Exporting Company, Cincinnati, and by 
 1815 he was president of the company. In 
 1815 he was ordained as a Methodist min- 
 ister. His business prospered and he was 
 active in humanitarian projects in south- 
 western Ohio. His account of his captivity 
 first appeared in the Western Christian Ad- 
 vocate in 1834. 
 
 Indian Captivity, a True Narrative . . . , 
 Washington, Pa., 1835. 
 
 SPENCER, PLATT ROGERS (Nov. 7, 1800- 
 May 16, 1864), originator of Spencerian 
 penmanship, was born in Dutchess County, 
 N. Y. In 1810 the family moved to Jeffer- 
 son, which remained his home for the rest 
 of his life. Fascinated by handwriting from 
 an early age, he practiced writing on every 
 available material — sand, leather, and 
 snow. He clerked in a store, did bookkeep- 
 ing, and taught a country school. By 1820 
 he had developed the characteristic semi- 
 angular, intricate calligraphy that was to 
 become so familiar to schoolchildren of the 
 nineteenth century. He traveled to acad- 
 
Spengler 
 
 590 
 
 emies and business colleges expounding his 
 system. Addicted to alcohol in his early 
 manhood, he became a total abstainer in 
 1832 and devoted much of his time after 
 that to the cause of temperance and to 
 abolition. He was treasurer of Ashtabula 
 County for twelve years, was intensely in- 
 terested in its early history, and served as 
 the first secretary of the county historical 
 society. His system of handwriting was con- 
 tained in innumerable copybooks and text- 
 books, the first of which was issued in 
 1848. He died at Geneva. 
 
 SPENGLER, JOSEPH JOHN (Nov 19, 
 
 1902- ), educator, was born in Piqua, 
 Miami County. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University (A.B., 1926; Ph.D., 1930) 
 and has been on the economics faculty of 
 Duke University since 1932. He has written 
 professional articles, textbooks in economics, 
 and several studies of population, e.g., France 
 Faces Depopulation, Durham, N. C, 1938, 
 WW 30 
 
 SPERRY, PAUL (Jan. 11, 1879-Sept. 3, 
 1954), clergyman, was born in Ashtabula, 
 Ashtabula County. A graduate of George 
 Washington University in 1902 and New 
 Church Theological School, Cambridge, 
 Mass., in 1905, he was pastor of Sweden- 
 borgian churches in New England, 1905- 
 15, and of the Church of the Holy City, 
 Washington, D. C, 1915-42. He died in 
 Maine. His writings include Words of Life- 
 Practical Meditations on Sacred Subjects, 
 [Philadelphia, 192-?]. WW 27 
 
 SPIVEY, THOMAS SAWYER (Feb. 27, 
 1856-Nov. 7, 1938), manufacturer, born in 
 Gallatin, 111., graduated from Cumberland 
 Presbyterian College in 1879 and settled in 
 Cincinnati the same year; he remained 
 there for ten years and afterward lived in 
 various cities. Inventor of a fireproof safe, 
 he was able to retire in 1897 and devote 
 himself to travel and writing. Although his 
 home was Shawneetown, 111., at the time 
 of his death, he died in Cincinnati, where 
 he was undergoing medical treatment. He 
 wrote a number of articles and books, e.g., 
 Dr. Paul McKim, New York, 1908. WWW 
 1 
 
 SPLAN, JOHN (May 6, 1849-May 11, 1918), 
 horseman, spent much of his life in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. Known as "the 
 artist of the sulky," he traveled throughout 
 the United States and Europe as a driver 
 and as an owner of many famous trotting 
 horses. He died in Lexington, Ky., and is 
 buried in Cleveland. 
 Life with the Trotters . . . , Chicago, 1889. 
 
 SPOFFORD, AINSWORTH RAND (Sept. 
 12, 1825-Aug. 11, 1908), librarian, born in 
 Gilmanton. N. H., lived in Cincinnati from 
 1844 to 1861. While working in Mrs. Eliza- 
 beth Truman's bookstore, he imported a wide 
 selection of the writings of the New England 
 transcendental writers. In 1859 he became 
 associate editor of the Cincinnati Com- 
 mercial, and in 1861. while in Washington, 
 D. C, to report the Battle of Bull Run, he 
 was appointed chief assistant to the Librarian 
 of Congress. In 1864 President Lincoln 
 named him chief librarian, a post he filled 
 with distinction until 1897. Besides the titles 
 below, he edited a number of elaborate an- 
 thologies and wrote many articles, pamphlets, 
 and historical papers. 
 The Higher Law Tried by Reason and 
 
 Authority . . . , New York, 1851. 
 The Copyright System of the United States 
 
 .... [Washington, D. C, 1892]. 
 The New Library Building, [Washington, 
 
 D. C, 1895]. 
 A Book for All Readers . . . , New York, 
 
 1900. 
 
 SPOONER, LYSANDER (Jan. 19, 1808-May 
 14, 1887), lawyer, born in Athol, Mass., spent 
 about six years in northwestern Ohio in the 
 late 1830s and early 1840s. An inveterate 
 controversialist, he published many pam- 
 phlets, including several opposing slavery, 
 e.g., The Unconstitutionality of Slavery, Bos- 
 ton, 1845. 
 
 SPRAGUE, MARSHALL (March 14, 1909- 
 ), was born in Newark, Licking County. 
 After graduating from Princeton University 
 in 1930, he worked as a reporter in Tientsin, 
 China, and in Paris. He later lived for a time 
 in New York City, West Virginia, and most 
 recently Colorado Springs, Colo. He has pub- 
 lished articles in many national magazines. A 
 serious illness led to his writing a humorous 
 and philosophical book: The Business of Get- 
 ting Well, New York, [1943]. 
 
 SPRAGLE, MARY APLIN (Feb. 17, 1849- 
 Jan. 23, 1939), educator, was born in New- 
 ark, Licking County. A graduate of San- 
 ford's Female Seminary, Cleveland, she 
 taught in Newark High School. She published 
 articles and fiction in national periodicals. 
 An Earnest Trifler, Boston, 1880. 
 
 SPRAGUE, ROSEMARY (June 29, 1923- 
 ), born in New York City, has lived in 
 Ohio since she was a small child. She grad- 
 uated from Bryn Mawr College in 1941 and 
 Western Reserve University (Ph.D.) in 
 1950. Now Mrs. Edward G. Whittington 
 Bush, she lives in Cleveland and is a lecturer 
 
 
591 
 
 Squier, E. G. 
 
 at Fenn College. She has published several 
 novels, most of them historical stories for 
 young readers, e.g., Northward to Albion, 
 New York, [1947]. 
 
 SPRAGUE, WILLIAM CYRUS (Feb. 25, 
 1860-Nov. 29, 1922), lawyer and publisher, 
 was born in Malta, Morgan County. After 
 graduating from Denison University in 1881 
 and Cincinnati Law School in 1883, he prac- 
 ticed in Ohio, Michigan, and Minnesota for 
 nineteen years. He then settled in Chicago, 
 where he conducted a publishing firm and a 
 correspondence school. In addition to com- 
 piling several legal texts, he edited profes- 
 sional periodicals and, for a time, the 
 American Boy. He compiled the first three 
 volumes below and wrote the others. 
 Eloquence and Repartee in the American 
 
 Congress, Detroit, 1895. 
 Flashes of Wit from Bench and Bar, Detroit, 
 
 1895. 
 Sprague's Speeches . . . , Detroit, 1898. 
 Three Boys in the Mountains, New York, 
 
 1902. 
 Napoleon Bonaparte; A History Written for 
 
 Boys, New York, 1903. 
 The Boy Courier of Napoleon . . . , Boston, 
 
 1904. 
 Felice Constant . . . , New York, 1904. 
 The Boy Pathfinder . . . , Boston, [1905]. 
 Davy Crockett, New York, 1915. 
 
 SPRECHER, SAMUEL (Dec. 28, 1810-Jan. 
 10, 1906), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Washington County, Md. After 
 graduating from Gettysburg Theological 
 Seminary in 1836, he served Lutheran 
 churches in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and 
 Virginia until 1849, when he was called to 
 the presidency of Wittenberg College. He 
 served as president, 1849-74, and as a mem- 
 ber of the faculty, 1874-84. He published a 
 number of theological articles, and some of 
 his addresses and sermons were published in 
 pamphlet form. He died at the home of a 
 daughter in San Diego, Calif. 
 The Groundwork of a System of Evangelical 
 Lutheran Theology, Philadelphia, 1879. 
 
 SPRENG, SAMUEL PETER (Feb. 11, 1853- 
 April 19, 1946), clergyman, was born in 
 Wayne County. After attending Northwestern 
 College, Naperville, 111., 1872-75, he was 
 ordained as a minister of the Evangelical 
 Association. He was pastor of several Ohio 
 churches, 1875-83, was presiding elder of 
 the Columbus District, 1883-86, edited the 
 Evangelical Messenger, Cleveland, 1 887— 
 1907, and served as bishop, 1907-30. 
 Rays of Light on the Highway to Success, 
 Cleveland, 1885. 
 
 The Life and Labors of John Seybert, First 
 
 Bishop of the Evangelical Association, 
 
 Cleveland, 1888. 
 The Most Popular Book in the World, 
 
 Cleveland, 1903. 
 The Sinner and His Saviour; The Way of 
 
 Salvation Made Plain, Cleveland, [1906]. 
 
 SPRIGLE, RAY (Aug. 14, 1886-Dec. 22, 
 1957), journalist, was born in Akron, Sum- 
 mit County. After studying for a year at 
 Ohio State University, he became a reporter 
 on the Ohio Sun in 1906. He also worked on 
 Ohio newspapers in Akron and Canton be- 
 fore joining the Pittsburgh Post in 1916. He 
 was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1938. He 
 published short stories in various magazines 
 and wrote one book: In the Land of Jim 
 Crow, New York, 1949. WWW 3 
 
 SPRINGER, WALTER GLEN (July 5, 1892- 
 ), journalist, was born in Cambridge, 
 Guernsey County. After graduating from 
 Marietta College in 1917, he worked on news- 
 papers in Marietta, Wooster, and Cleveland. 
 He also worked in the public relations divi- 
 sion of the Columbia Broadcasting System. 
 He now lives in Phoenix, Ariz. He has pub- 
 lished a book of poems: The Hudson and Its 
 Moods, New York, 1929. 
 
 SPROAT, AMASA DELANO (Jan. 28, 1802- 
 Nov. 28. 1885), druggist, was born in Stock- 
 bridge, Vt. He lived on his father's farm 
 until he was sixteen, and then walked to 
 Ohio to clerk in a drugstore operated by two 
 uncles. In 1829 he began his own business, 
 which he conducted until 1881, when he 
 turned it over to his sons. An advocate of an 
 elaborate universal alphabet, he published 
 Child's Letter Book in 1834 in addition to 
 the titles below. 
 A System of Breviscripture, Chillicothe 
 
 1846. 
 An Endeavor towards a Universal Alphabet, 
 
 Chillicothe, 1857. 
 Monalpha, 1870. 
 
 SQUIER, EPHRAIM GEORGE (June 17, 
 1821-April 17, 1888), was born in Bethle- 
 hem. N. Y. His residence in Ohio was brief, 
 but it was in Chillicothe that his first scien- 
 tific aspiration took form. Self-educated, he 
 taught school in his youth and became a 
 qualified civil engineer, but in 1841 he turned 
 to literary work and became a special 
 writer for Albany newspapers. He became 
 the leading writer for the New York State 
 Mechanic, a periodical dedicated to prison 
 reform. In 1844 he established the Journal 
 at Hartford, Conn., with "Henry Clay, one 
 first, one last and only choice" as its slogan, 
 
Squier, L. W. 
 
 592 
 
 and was credited with swinging that state to 
 Clay. He left Hartford in 1845 to become 
 editor of the Scioto Gazette at Chillicothe. 
 Here in association with Edwin Hamilton 
 Davis (q.v. ), who had been studying the 
 Indian mounds of Ohio for over fifteen years, 
 he began compiling Ancient Monuments of 
 the Mississippi Valley, destined to be the 
 first publication issued by the Smithsonian 
 Institution in 1848. In addition to Davis a 
 number of archaeologists contributed to the 
 book. Among others. Charles Whittlesey 
 (q.v.) contributed about twenty plans and 
 many field notes. Squier's contribution was 
 largely editorial, yet the honors fell to him, 
 and publication of the book was the turn- 
 ing point in his career. He was appointed 
 clerk of the Ohio assembly in 1846. but in 
 1848 he bowed out of the Ohio scene and 
 returned to New York. He served as charge 
 d'affaires in Central America, 1849-50. He 
 became chief editor of the publishing house 
 of Frank Leslie in 1860. His wife divorced 
 him in 1873 and married Leslie a year later, 
 at which time Squier suffered a mental 
 breakdown. He was eventually confined in 
 an insane asylum, where he died in 1888. A 
 prolific writer, he published many articles 
 and books, most of them dealing with Cen- 
 tral and South America. 
 
 SQUIER, LEE WELLING (July 28, 1859- ? ), 
 was born in Fredericktown, Knox County. 
 He served in the U. S. Consular Service in 
 Japan. 1881-87. After his return he lived for 
 a year in Steubenville. where he worked as 
 an insurance agent. He became an execu- 
 tive in a number of fraternal insurance com- 
 panies and was an actuarial authority on 
 such organizations. He was also president of 
 the Conowingo Marble and Minerals Com- 
 pany. He lived in Germantown, Pa. His 
 writings include A Lamb to the Slaughter; 
 An American Girl's Experience in the 
 Orient . . . , Greensburg, Pa., [1901]. 
 WW 14 
 
 SQUIRES, EDITH LOMBARD (1884-June 
 2. 1939), was born in New York City. She 
 was trained as a concert pianist, but after 
 her marriage she gave up her musical career. 
 She lived in Zanesville until 1924, when she 
 moved to Richmond, Ind., where she spent 
 the rest of her life. She wrote several plays 
 and radio scripts and also published at least 
 two volumes of poetry, e.g., Luminous Dust, 
 Dallas, Texas, [1939]. 
 
 STABLER, ALVIN K. (April 5, 1869-June 
 29, 1916), educator, was born in Bethany, 
 Butler County. In 1905 he moved to Arizona, 
 where he was superintendent of Phoenix 
 
 Union High School for a number of years. 
 He published a volume of poems: Arizona 
 Sunshine, [Phoenix, Ariz., 1915], 
 
 STABLETOIV, JOHN KAY (Jan. 14, 1858- 
 Sept. 16, 1939), educator, was born in Man- 
 chester, Adams County. After graduating 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1882, he 
 was a teacher and school superintendent in 
 Nebraska and Illinois. 
 Diarx of a Western Schoolmaster, Chicago, 
 
 [1900]. 
 Your Problems and Mine in the Guidance 
 
 of Youth, Bloomington, 111., [1922]. 
 
 STACK, HARRY VAN, born in Sessalong, 
 Transvaal, South Africa, has lived in San- 
 dusky since 1943 and since 1945 has been a 
 feature writer and columnist for the San- 
 dusky Register. For about twenty years 
 before coming to Sandusky, he was lecturer 
 and guide aboard the English-Australian 
 convict ship Success, which toured U. S. 
 ports in the interest of prison reform. He 
 has written several books about Africa, e.g., 
 Echoes of Sessalong . . . , Cleveland, 1943. 
 
 STAFFORD, EDWARD RUSSELL (April 8, 
 1874-Dec. 2, 1950), clergyman, born in 
 Estill County, Ky., was brought to Ohio 
 while a baby and spent his life in the state. 
 After attending Wellston schools, he gradu- 
 ated from Ohio Northern University in 1894. 
 Ordained to the Methodist ministry, he 
 served churches in Beaver, Columbus, Mari- 
 etta, Cincinnati, Hamilton, and several other 
 Ohio communities. He was superintendent of 
 the Zanesville District, 1928-34. After his 
 retirement in 1946, he lived in Cincinnati. 
 He wrote Shop Talks . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [1910]. RLA 2 
 
 STAGG, ABRAHAM (June 12, 1830-?), was 
 born in Franklin County. He attended Otter- 
 bein College and taught penmanship there 
 for a time; he later graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University. 
 Biographical Sketches of the Fifty-sixth Ohio 
 
 Senate .... Columbus, 1864. 
 Biographical Sketches of the Fifty-sixth Ohio 
 
 House . . . , Columbus, 1865. 
 
 STAIR, GRACE (Sept. 27, 1873-April 13, 
 1947), was born in Fremont, Sandusky 
 County. After her marriage to Edward 
 Douglas Stair, Detroit newspaper publisher, 
 she lived in Detroit, Mich., where she was 
 active in charitable and civic activities. She 
 died in Palm Beach, Fla. She wrote fiction 
 for various magazines and published his- 
 torical novels, e.g., A Lady of France, New 
 York, 1930. WWNAA 6 ' 
 
593 
 
 Stark 
 
 STALLO, JOHANN BERNHARD (March 
 16, 1823-Jan. 6, 1900), scientist, lawyer, and 
 diplomat, was born in Sierhausen, Germany. 
 In 1839 he came to Cincinnati, where an 
 uncle was already living. He taught in a 
 Catholic school and studied at St. Xavier's 
 College. Serving as a professor of chemistry 
 and physics at St. John's College, Fordham, 
 N. Y., 1844-47, he devoted his spare hours 
 to the study of philosophy. Returning to 
 Cincinnati, he read law and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1849. While practicing success- 
 fully, he studied philosophy and science and 
 often lectured on scientific, religious, and 
 educational topics. In 1885 President Cleve- 
 land appointed him minister to Italy, and on 
 the completion of his service four years later 
 he settled in Florence, where he spent the 
 remainder of his life. 
 General Principles of the Philosophy of 
 
 Nature . . . , Boston, 1848. 
 Alexander von Humboldt . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1859. 
 Concepts and Theories of Modern Physics, 
 
 New York, 1882. 
 Reden, Abhanlungen und Brief e, New York, 
 
 1893. 
 
 STAMPEDE. Pseud. See Jonathan F. Kelley. 
 
 STANLEY, JOHN (Oct. 1, 1845-Jan. 10, 
 1907), was born on a farm in Athens 
 County. In 1863 he enlisted in the O.V.I., 
 and after the war he farmed until 1885, 
 when he moved to Chillicothe, where he was 
 city marshal, claims agent for the Baltimore 
 & Ohio Railroad, and game warden. With 
 the assistance of Burton E. Stevenson (q.v.), 
 then a young police reporter, he wrote 
 Twelve Years of Crimes and Criminals . . . , 
 Columbus, 1903. 
 
 STANLEY, LYSANDER MALMSBERRY 
 
 (April 26, 1846-April 6, 1923), was born of 
 Quaker parents near Damascus, Mahoning 
 County. He read law and passed the bar ex- 
 amination but never practiced. Instead, he 
 was a newspaperman all of his life. He 
 worked on papers in Salem and Sebring. and 
 from 1901 until his death he wrote for the 
 Alliance Review. Many of his poems ap- 
 peared in his column in that paper, "Pa and 
 Ma." They dealt with local persons and 
 events and were read eagerly in the local 
 area. His "Fun at Dasmascus" recalls the 
 fun he had as a boy during maple sugar 
 making. His poem "The Automobile" re- 
 cords the first sight of a "contraption, made 
 to imitate a surrey" in Damascus village. 
 Many of his poems deal with local events 
 
 during Civil War days; others reflect his love 
 for the countryside. 
 
 Marion and Ella Thea Cox 
 Poems, Alliance, 1900. 
 
 STANLEY-BROWN, KATHERINE OLIVER 
 
 (April 30, 1892- ). was born in Phila- 
 
 delphia, Pa. She graduated from Vassar 
 College in 1915, married Rudolph Stanley- 
 Brown, grandson of President Garfield, in 
 1922, and settled in Cleveland, where her 
 husband was a practicing architect until 
 1934. She now lives in Washington, D. C. 
 She has written stories and articles on travel 
 and architecture and several books, e.g., a 
 history of American architecture written for 
 young readers: The Young Architects, New 
 York, 1929. RC 27 
 
 STANTON, ROBERT LIVINGSTON (March 
 28, 1810-May 23, 1885), clergyman, born 
 in Griswold, Conn., graduated from Lane 
 Seminary in 1836 and served Presbyterian 
 churches in Mississippi and Louisiana, 1839- 
 51. He was president of Oakland College in 
 Mississippi, 1851-54. He was pastor of a 
 Chillicothe church, 1855-62, a professor in 
 Danville seminary, 1862-66, and president of 
 Miami University, 1866-71. He later was an 
 editor of the Herald and Presbyter, pub- 
 lished in Cincinnati. Besides the titles below, 
 some of his sermons were printed in pam- 
 phlet form. 
 The Church and the Rebellion . . . , New 
 
 York, 1864. 
 Vindication of the General Assembly of the 
 
 Presbyterian Church (O.S.), of 1866, from 
 
 the Aspersions of Rev. William Brown, 
 
 D.D., [Cincinnati?, 1876?]. 
 
 STARBUCK, JOHN CLIFFORD (Dec. 25, 
 1864-Feb. 6, 1951), was born in Deserted 
 Camp near Wilmington, Clinton County. 
 He attended Wilmington College and lived 
 in Ohio for 38 years before moving to 
 Massachusetts. Throughout his life he was 
 interested in psychic phenomena and pneu- 
 matherapy or spiritual healing. He published 
 a number of pamphlets and a book of poems 
 and essays: The Problem of Life & How to 
 Solve It, Boston, 1932. 
 
 STARK, J. CARROLL (1830-1908), clergy- 
 man, was born in Stow, Summit County. A 
 graduate of Hiram College and a Disciples 
 of Christ minister, he traveled widely as an 
 evangelist and also served pastorates in 
 Ohio and at least seven other states. He died 
 in Tennessee. His writings include The King 
 and His Kingdom . . . , Hamilton, 111., 1902. 
 
Starling 
 
 594 
 
 STARLING, WILLIAM (Jan. 25, 1839-Dec. 
 10, 1900), engineer, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. He studied engineering at 
 New York University, served in the Civil 
 War, managed a Mississippi plantation until 
 1882. and was an engineer on the Levee 
 Board, 1882-98. He died in Greenville, 
 Miss. He wrote magazine articles and reports 
 on the Mississippi. 
 
 The Floods of the Mississippi River . . . , 
 New York, 1897. 
 
 STATES, FANNIE M. (Oct. 14. 1866-June 
 25, 1949), educator, was born on a farm near 
 Norwalk, Huron County. She taught for 35 
 years in the schools of Norwalk. and her 
 death occurred in that community. She wrote 
 Myrtle's Choice, the Story of a Girl Mis- 
 sionary, Rock Island, 111., [1932]. 
 
 STEARNS, LUCY PEASE (c.l839-July 7, 
 1896), was born in Berea, Cuyahoga County. 
 She attended Oberlin Preparatory School 
 and in 1861 graduated from Oberlin Col- 
 lege, where her father served on the faculty. 
 After her marriage to Charles W. Stearns, 
 she lived in Berea and Cleveland, but she 
 died in Oberlin. 
 
 Children's Stories for Grown Folks, Cleve- 
 land, 1895. 
 
 STEARNS, THEODORE (June 10. 1880- 
 Nov. 2. 1935), composer, son of Lucy P. 
 Stearns (q.v.), was born in Berea, Cuya- 
 hoga County. He studied at Oberlin College 
 and at Wurzbach, Bavaria. He played viola 
 in the Cleveland Philharmonic Orchestra, 
 edited Etude, 1899-1900, and was music 
 critic for several newspapers. From 1932 
 until his death he was chairman of the music 
 department, University of California. He 
 wrote The Story of Music, New York, 1931. 
 WWW 1 
 
 STEARNS, WALLACE NELSON (Aug. 26, 
 1866-Feb. 3, 1934), educator, was born in 
 Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga County. He grad- 
 uated from Canfield Normal College, 1886, 
 Ohio Wesleyan University, 1891, and Boston 
 University (Ph.D.), 1899. He served on the 
 faculties of several colleges and universities; 
 from 1923 until his death he was professor 
 of Biblical literature, Illinois Women's 
 College. 
 An Analysis of United States History . . . , 
 
 Madison, 1886. 
 A Manual of Patrology . . . , New York, 
 
 1899. 
 A Manual on Hebrew Private Life for Popu- 
 lar Use, New York, [1910]. 
 A Working Basis, and Other Essavs, Boston, 
 [1914]. 
 
 What Three College Men Did, [Fargo?, N. 
 Dak., n.d.]. 
 
 STEELE, MARY DAVIES (1843-Feb. 25, 
 1897), was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 County, the daughter of Robert W. Steele 
 (q.v.). Though a semi-invalid throughout her 
 life and confined to her bed in her last years, 
 she took an active part in Dayton club life 
 and civic affairs. She published articles and 
 poems in various periodicals, including the 
 Atlantic Monthly. 
 A Happy Life, Dayton, 1895. 
 Early Dayton . . . , (with Robert W. Steele), 
 Dayton, 1896. 
 
 STEELE, ROBERT WILBUR (July 3, 1819- 
 Sept. 24, 1891), was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. He read law but never 
 practiced because of ill health. He was an 
 active civic leader, served for thirty years on 
 the Dayton Board of Education, and was 
 one of the founders of the Dayton Library 
 Association. He was deeply interested in 
 local history and collected notes and other 
 materials on which his daughter, Mary D. 
 Steele (q.v.), based Early Dayton, in which 
 he is named coauthor. 
 Historical Sketch of the Public Schools of 
 
 Dayton . . . , [Dayton, 1876]. 
 Early Dayton . . . , (with Mary Steele), 
 
 Dayton, 1896. 
 
 STEEN, MOSES DUNCAN ALEXANDER 
 
 (April 24, 1841-June 22, 1924), clergy- 
 man, was born at Blue Creek, Adams 
 County. After graduating from Miami Uni- 
 versity in 1866, he was licensed as a Presby- 
 terian minister and was ordained in 1870. 
 He served churches in Ohio, Pennsylvania, 
 Kentucky, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, 
 and California. Besides the title below, he 
 wrote family histories and religious tracts. 
 He died in Worthington. 
 Scriptural Sanctification . . . , Alamosa, 
 Calif., 1885. 
 
 STEEP, THOMAS (April 3, 1880-Sept. 3, 
 1944), journalist, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. As a correspondent for 
 various newspapers and syndicates, he 
 traveled widely in the United States, Asia, 
 and Europe. He published a collection of 
 sketches of Chinese life: Chinese Fantastics, 
 New York, [1925]. WWW 2 
 
 STEER, HARRIET (Aug. 20, 1795-Aug. 1, 
 1883), was born in Doe Run, Pa., but grew 
 up on a farm near Zanesville. After teach- 
 ing school in Mount Pleasant, she married 
 Samuel Steer, and they moved to Cincinnati 
 in 1833. After her husband died in 1838, she 
 
595 
 
 Stephenson, H. T. 
 
 kept a boardinghouse. She was active in 
 Cincinnati charities. The book below con- 
 tains some of her letters and an account of 
 her life by her daughter. Sarah R. Steer, who 
 prepared it for publication. 
 Through Grace to Glory. Memory Sketches 
 
 from the Life of Harriet Steer, Concord, 
 
 N. H., 1887. 
 
 STEINER, EDWARD ALFRED (Nov. 1, 
 1866-June 30. 1956), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in what is now Czechoslo- 
 vakia. After graduating from Oberlin 
 Seminary in 1891, he was ordained to the 
 ministry in the Congregational Church. He 
 served churches in Springfield. 1896-99, and 
 Sandusky, 1899-1903. He then joined the 
 faculty of Grinnell College, where he served 
 as professor of applied Christianity until 
 1941. After his retirement he lived in Clare- 
 mont, Calif. He published a number of 
 books, including an autobiographical volume: 
 From Alien lo Citizen . . . , New York, 
 [1914]. WWW 3 
 
 STEINER, JESSE FREDERICK (Feb. 25, 
 1880- ), educator, was born in St. Paris, 
 Champaign County. A graduate of Heidel- 
 berg College in 1901 and the University of 
 Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1915, he taught at 
 North Japan College, Sendai. 1905-12. and 
 at several American universities, including 
 the University of Washington, l93 1 — 48. He 
 now lives in Seattle. He has written several 
 books on sociological questions, e.g., 
 Americans at Play . . . , New York, 1933. 
 DAS 2 
 
 STELLHORN, FREDERICK WILLIAM 
 
 (Oct. 2, 1841-March 17, 1919), clergyman 
 and educator, was born in Hanover, Ger- 
 many. After graduating from Concordia 
 College in 1862. he was ordained to the 
 Lutheran ministry and served churches in 
 Missouri and Indiana. He taught at North- 
 western University, 1869-74. and at Con- 
 cordia College, 1874-81. In 1881 he joined 
 the faculty of Capital University, where he 
 taught theology and German, was president 
 from 1894 to 1900, and afterward was dean 
 of the seminary. He also edited Lutherische 
 Kirchenzeitung and Theologische Zeit- 
 blaetter. He wrote other Biblical commen- 
 taries besides those listed below. 
 Worum Handel t Es Sich Eighentlich in dem 
 
 Geganwdrtigen Lehrstreit iiber die Gna- 
 
 denwahl? . . . , Columbus, 1881. 
 Books of the New Testament, Columbus, 
 
 1891. 
 Der Schriftbeweis des Lutherischen Kate- 
 
 chismus . . . , Columbus, 1912. 
 
 The Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans . . . , 
 Columbus, 1918. 
 
 STEPHENS, DAVID STUBERT (May 12, 
 1847-Sept. 1, 1921). clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Springfield. Clark County. 
 After graduating from Adrian College in 
 1868. he studied in Scotland and was or- 
 dained to the Methodist ministry. He joined 
 the Adrian philosophy faculty in 1874 and 
 served as president of the college, 1881-88. 
 He edited the Methodist Recorder, 1888-96, 
 and in 1896 became chancellor of Kansas 
 City University. 
 Wesley and Episcopacy, 1892. 
 
 STEPHENS, JOHN VANT (Sept. 16, 1857- 
 March 3, 1946), clergyman, was born near 
 St. Louis, Mo. A Presbyterian minister, he 
 was on the faculty of Lane Theological 
 Seminary, Cincinnati, 1910-32. He published 
 many books and pamphlets on religious and 
 historical subjects and also an autobiogra- 
 phy: Fourscore . . . , Cincinnati, 1938. 
 WWW 2 
 
 STEPHENS, MRS. PETER J. See Henrietta 
 Henkle. 
 
 STEPHENSON, GENEVA (June 3, 1901- 
 ). was born in Portsmouth, Scioto County. 
 After graduating from Ohio State University 
 in 1925. she taught at Marietta College and 
 Ohio State. She wrote radio scripts and 
 served as program director of the Ohio 
 School of the Air. She now lives in Colum- 
 bus. She described life in eighteenth-century 
 England in her first novel, Spring Journey, 
 New York, 1939. ANT 
 
 STEPHENSON, HENRY THEW (April 22, 
 1870-Dec. 29, 1957), educator, younger 
 brother of Nathaniel W. Stephenson (q.v. ), 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 After graduating from Ohio State Univer- 
 sity in 1894, he joined the English depart- 
 ment. Indiana University, as an instructor; 
 in 1919 he became chairman of the depart- 
 ment. He died in Florida. 
 Patroon Van V olkenburg . . . , Indianapolis, 
 
 [1900]. 
 The Fickle Wheel; A Tale . . . , Indianapolis, 
 
 [1901]. 
 Shakespeare's London, New York, 1905. 
 The Elizabethan People, New York, 1910. 
 A Handbook of Shakespeare, New York, 
 
 1914. 
 The Study of Shakespeare, New York, 1915. 
 Christie Bell of Goldenrod Valley . . . , 
 
 Indianapolis, 1918. 
 The Ettrick Shepherd: A Biography, [Bloom- 
 
 ington, Ind., 1922]. 
 
Stephenson, N. W. 
 
 596 
 
 STEPHENSON, NATHANIEL WRIGHT 
 
 (July 10, 1867-Jan. 17, 1935), journalist 
 and educator, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He worked on the Cincin- 
 nati Daily Tribune, 1892-1900, and gradu- 
 ated from Indiana University in 1896. He 
 taught history at the College of Charleston, 
 1902-23, was a visiting professor at Yale 
 University and Columbia University, and 
 taught at Scripps College from 1927 until 
 his death in Claremont, Calif. He wrote 
 several textbooks in American history; 
 novels, e.g., The Beautiful Mrs. Moulton, 
 New York, 1902; and a number of distin- 
 guished historical studies, e.g., Abraham 
 Lincoln and the Union . . . , New Haven, 
 1918. DAB 21 
 
 STERN, HERMAN ISIDORE (April 22, 
 1854-July 3, 1926), clergyman, was born in 
 Galion, Crawford County. He spent a few 
 years of his childhood in Ohio and later was 
 pastor of a German Reformed church in 
 Cincinnati for a short time. He attended the 
 schools of Louisville, Ky., and a seminary at 
 Sheboygan, Wis. As a minister of the Ger- 
 man Reformed Church and later the Presby- 
 terian Church, he served in Indiana and 
 California. Around the turn of the century 
 he published local color stories about 
 Indiana in national magazines. In 1905 he 
 moved to Berkeley, Calif., which remained 
 his home for the remainder of his life. A 
 fervent Socialist, he attempted to unite his 
 political ideals with his Christian beliefs. 
 Evelyn Gray; Or, the Victims of Our 
 
 Western Turks . . . , New York, 1890. 
 The Gods of Our Fathers . . . , New York, 
 
 1898. 
 A Socialist Catechism, Berkeley, Calif., 
 
 1912. 
 
 STERNBERGER, ESTELLE MILLER (1886- 
 
 ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She attended the University of 
 Cincinnati, 1907-11, and the Community 
 School of Jewish Philanthropy, 1907-14. 
 She was executive secretary of the National 
 Council of Jewish Women, 1920-32, and 
 edited The Jewish Woman, 1921-32, and 
 The Woman's Review, 1932-40. She pub- 
 lished The Supreme Cause; A Practical Book 
 about Peace, New York, 1936. WW 30 
 
 STEVENS, GEORGE E. (July 2, 1842-Nov. 
 30, 1917), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He operated a bookstore there and 
 was associated with the Methodist Book 
 Concern. He died in Granville, where he 
 spent his later years. 
 
 The City of Cincinnati . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1869. 
 
 STEVENS, GEORGE WASHINGTON (Jan. 
 16, 1866-Oct. 29, 1926), journalist and 
 museum director, was born in Utica, N. Y., 
 where he attended public schools and Utica 
 Academy. In 1889 he came to Ohio, where 
 he was a reporter on the Springfield Repub- 
 lican-Times for a few months; he then went 
 to Toledo, where he worked on the Toledo 
 Bee and the Toledo Times and spent five 
 years in the advertising business. In 1903 he 
 became the first director of the Toledo 
 Museum of Art. The museum flourished 
 under his direction and enjoyed a reputation 
 as one of the best American art museums 
 among cities of comparable size. 
 The King and the Harper, Together with 
 
 Other Poems, Toledo, 1900. 
 Things, Toledo, 1903. 
 
 STEVENS, ISAAC NEWTON (Nov. 1, 1858- 
 Feb. 11, 1920), lawyer, was born in Newark, 
 Licking County. After reading law in Bur- 
 lington, Iowa, he began practice in Denver, 
 Colo., in 1880. He held various political 
 offices in Colorado and also had business in- 
 terests in Philadelphia. He died in Over- 
 brook, Pa. He published at least three books, 
 e.g., An American Suffragette; A Novel, 
 New York, 1911. WWW 1 
 
 STEVENS, NINA DE GARME SPALDING 
 
 (Jan. 29, 1876-March 12, 1959), born in 
 Port Huron, Mich., was married June 12, 
 1902, to George Washington Stevens (q.v.). 
 She served as assistant director of the 
 Toledo Museum of Art, 1905-39. Her last 
 years were spent in Paris, France. She wrote 
 a life of her husband: A Man and a Dream 
 . . . , [Hollywood, Calif., 1941?]. 
 
 STEVENS, VINCENT SAMUEL (March 20, 
 1872- ), born in Chicago, was sec- 
 
 retary of the Akron Chamber of Commerce, 
 1908-37, and also was director of the Akron 
 Art Institute. He now divides his time be- 
 tween Akron and Clearwater, Fla. He has 
 written three novels, e.g., What Doth It 
 Profit a Man?, Philadelphia, [1944]. 
 
 STEVENSON, BURTON EGBERT (Nov. 9, 
 1872- ), anthologist, author, librarian, 
 was born in Chillicothe, Ross County, with 
 an overwhelming ambition, even as a child, 
 to write and patient persistence to match it. 
 There was no inheritance of means or lit- 
 erary talent in his family of building trades- 
 men. At seven he sold newspapers on the 
 streets after school, then inevitably found 
 his way to the pressroom as a printer's 
 devil. With old type and cast-off fragments, 
 he fashioned a makeshift press and set up a 
 
 ! 
 
597 
 
 Stevenson, B. E. 
 
 little print shop; at twelve he began publica- 
 tion of a monthly titled The Boys' Own, 
 which he continued until he graduated from 
 high school at seventeen. A kindly Presby- 
 terian minister, Dr. Biggs, and Mr. David 
 Meade Massie (q.v.), impressed by Steven- 
 son's obvious merit, secured for him a 
 scholarship at Princeton University, which 
 covered his tuition. There, for three years, 
 he absorbed learning and wrote poetry, sup- 
 porting himself first by typesetting and later 
 as a correspondent for the old United Press 
 and the New York Tribune among others. 
 Scanning Cap and Gown undergraduate poets 
 of that era, Franklin P. Adams discovered 
 22 subsequent literary lights (including Stev- 
 enson) with this trait: "Every poem written 
 by these young collegiates was formally 
 rhymed. Proving nothing, except possibly 
 that there is no better training for a writer 
 of anything than the composition of rigorous 
 verse." But a better "finishing school" 
 awaited Stevenson in Chillicothe on his re- 
 turn home for summer vacation at the end 
 of his third year. George H. Tyler, editor of 
 the Chillicothe Leader, offered him a report- 
 ing berth on that paper. Forgetting Prince- 
 ton and formal education, Stevenson ac- 
 cepted the post, later moving to city editor 
 spots on the Chillicothe Daily News and the 
 Chillicothe Advertiser. Here he was exposed 
 to that extraordinary "school of experience" 
 which had sharpened styles and polished 
 authors for almost a century (among others: 
 William Carey Jones, Otway Curry, E. G. 
 Squier, Charles F. Lummis. John and Henry 
 Holcomb Bennett). A highly articulate 
 woman, Elizabeth Butler, became his wife in 
 1895 and devoted her life to his career. To- 
 gether they assumed the task of developing 
 the City Library in Chillicothe when Steven- 
 son was named Librarian in 1899, a position 
 he held until 1957, becoming Librarian 
 Emeritus in that year. The stimulating com- 
 pany of books and some new-found leisure 
 provided the ideal atmosphere in which to 
 write. Although he had published a small 
 volume of verse in his collegiate days, 
 Stevenson turned now to the historical novel 
 because he believed that its informality of- 
 fered a refreshing approach to the human 
 side of history. At Odds with the Regent, a 
 Story of the Cellamare Conspiracy, pub- 
 lished in 1901, dealt with French history; its 
 immediate successor pictured Washington's 
 role in Braddock's Defeat and was titled A 
 Soldier of Virginia (1901). As personal 
 admiration for the writing of Tolstoy and 
 Sienkiewicz had swayed him to the historical 
 novel, affection for the past masters of de- 
 tective fiction now carried him into that field. 
 
 "The pleasure to be had from a good one 
 [detective story]," he wrote, "is of a unique 
 and satisfying kind. The reader is invited 
 to take part in a mathematical demonstra- 
 tion, in which the symbols are men and 
 women, with just enough of the background 
 of life to give them reality. The problem to 
 be solved is one of human conduct, and the 
 solution is reached when one has found X, 
 the unknown quantity — usually the crimi- 
 nal." Stevenson's The Holladay Case (1903), 
 quickly followed by The Marathon Mystery 
 (1904), put him on the high road to emi- 
 nence in the field. He considers The Mystery 
 of the Boule Cabinet (1912) as his best, with 
 some justification; now a classic in the field, it 
 was an immediate success in book form and 
 as a melodrama coauthored by the dis- 
 tinguished actress, Eleanor Robson (Mrs. 
 August Belmont), and Harriet Ford. Transla- 
 tions have appeared in most of the European 
 languages, including the Scandinavian, in 
 Braille, and even in Latin. Stevenson's restless 
 talent roved the field. He wrote books for 
 boys (the first: Tommy Remington's Battle, 
 1902), some of which were based on his 
 recollections of railroad reporting (like The 
 Young Section Hand, 1905, and its succes- 
 sors), and children's textbooks {A Child's 
 Guide to Biography, American, 1909). Like 
 most librarians, Stevenson was assailed with 
 requests of teachers and schoolchildren for 
 "suitable poems" and the elusive source of 
 too-familiar quotations. With characteristic 
 method he and Mrs. Stevenson began com- 
 piling these to meet the need. Days and 
 Deeds: A Book of Verse appeared in 1906 
 and Days and Deeds: Prose in 1907. Con- 
 trary to the spirit of his time, he thought 
 that literature of the past, including poetry, 
 should be approached through that of the 
 present. After compiling Favorite Poems in 
 English (1911), he hazarded the pitfalls of 
 contemporary poetry and the myriad prob- 
 lems of source and attribution to prove his 
 thesis by editing The Home Book of Verse, 
 first published in 1912. Trips abroad, as a 
 respite from such editorial tension, became 
 the order of the day. Never neglecting an 
 opportunity, he used them as material for 
 two travel books: The Spell of Holland 
 (1911) and The Charm of Ireland (1914). 
 World War I brought Camp Sherman to 
 Chillicothe's outskirts and a problem for 
 librarian Stevenson: officers and men wanted 
 to borrow books. On his own initiative, he 
 opened a state-wide campaign for book 
 donations, set up an organizational head- 
 quarters in the basement of the Chillicothe 
 Library, was appointed camp librarian by 
 Major General Glenn, and began supplying 
 
Stevenson, L. L. 
 
 598 
 
 the need in such an orderly fashion that the 
 Executive Committee of the American 
 Library Association, after a visit there, sent 
 other camp librarians for preliminary train- 
 ing. In the fall of 1917 he went to Wash- 
 ington, D. C, to head the national campaign 
 for books, and in Jan., 1918, was appointed 
 European Director of the A.L.A.'s Library 
 War Service. Accompanied by his wife, he 
 left for Paris, where he set up headquarters 
 and supervised the distribution of some two 
 million books and over six million magazines 
 to the men of the armed forces. General 
 Pershing, in a personal letter, which now 
 hangs on the wall of his study, expressed the 
 nation's thanks for this outstanding service 
 to the A.E.F. At war's end, Stevenson con- 
 verted the Paris headquarters into The 
 American Library, first of its kind designed 
 to provide accurate information about this 
 country for Europeans. In 1925 he returned 
 to serve for five years as its director, but 
 came home disillusioned with the prospects 
 of ever interesting Europe in America. Life 
 in France had made him a gourmet, de- 
 veloped his appreciation of music, art, and 
 gothic architecture, and, of course, provided 
 grist for more novels. Phenomenal diligence, 
 coupled with the natural seclusion of his 
 home atop Carlisle Hill in Chillicothe. en- 
 abled him to undertake the exhausting task 
 of preparing The Home Book of Quotations, 
 first published in 1934. Variations were 
 tracked through countless volumes and many 
 languages to their remote sources, verified 
 and reduced to thousands of paper slips, 
 sorted, checked, and rechecked before print- 
 ing. Not content, he produced three similar 
 compendiums: The Home Book of Proverbs, 
 Maxims and Familiar Phrases (1948), The 
 Home Book of Bible Quotations (1948), and 
 The Standard Book of Shakespeare Quota- 
 tions (1953). Since then he has published a 
 dramatization of his earlier novel A King in 
 Babylon (1955), written A Garland of Gold 
 (1959), and begun preparation of a long- 
 promised autobiography. He was elected a 
 member of the National Institute of Arts 
 and Letters in 1928 and of the famous Cen- 
 tury Club of New York in 1930. The 
 Ohioana Library Association recognized his 
 significant contribution to American litera- 
 ture by conferring on him its Career Medal 
 in 1949, and Marietta College added a 
 "Litt.D. (honorary)" in 1955 to demark the 
 scholarly status he had attained beyond the 
 realm of formal education. Sight of fifteen 
 feet of Stevenson's books on the shelves of his 
 living room invariably prompts the visitor to 
 utter the "infinite-capacity-for-taking-pains" 
 phrase. A more appropriate earlier one from 
 
 Cicero (and The Home Book of Quotations) 
 is at hand: "Genius is fostered by industry." 
 Stevenson's own favorite is Emerson's dic- 
 tum: "The high prize of life, the crowning 
 fortune of a man, is to be born with a bias 
 to some pursuit which finds him in employ- 
 ment and happiness." 
 
 Eugene D. Rigney 
 
 STEVENSON, LOUIS LACY (Nov. 28, 1879- 
 Feb. 7. 1953). journalist, was born in Ken- 
 ton, Hardin County. He worked on the 
 Kenton News-Republican, 1896-1903, and 
 in 1904 became city editor of the Traverse 
 City, Mich.. Record. He was on the staff of 
 the Detroit News, 1910-52; in 1921 he was 
 made city editor, and in 1923 he was made 
 New York correspondent. His column, "The 
 Seven Million," was a regular feature of the 
 News and was syndicated in other news- 
 papers. He wrote Big Game, New York, 
 [1924]. 
 
 STEVENSON, RICHARD TAYLOR (Sept. 
 24, 1853-Aug. 19, 1919), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Taylorsville, Ky. He 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1873, was ordained to the Methodist min- 
 istry and served churches in several Ohio 
 communities, and in 1893 became professor 
 of history at Ohio Wesleyan. He died in 
 Delaware. 
 One Hundred Years of Methodism in Ohio, 
 
 Cincinnati. 1898. 
 The Growth of the Nation, 1809 to 1837 
 
 . . . , Philadelphia. [1905]. 
 The Missionary Interpretation of History, 
 
 Cincinnati, [1905]. 
 John Calvin . . . , Cincinnati, [1907], 
 Missions versus Militarism, Cincinnati, 
 
 [1916]. 
 
 STEVENSON, THOMAS M. (Feb. 19, 1828- 
 Jan. 27, 1898), educator and clergyman, was 
 born in Norwich, Muskingum County. After 
 graduating from Muskingum College, he was 
 superintendent of schools in Dresden and 
 McConnelsville and also served as a Presby- 
 terian minister. He was chaplain of the 78th 
 O.V.I., 1861-65. He died in Dresden, Mus- 
 kingum County. 
 
 History of the 78th Regiment . . . , Zanes- 
 ville, 1865. 
 
 STEWARD, ANN (Aug. 29, 1898- ), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She 
 studied at the University of Cincinnati and 
 the University of Michigan, acted and wrote 
 for the Theatre Workshop, Cincinnati, and 
 did social work for several years. In 1935 
 she moved to a farm in northern Kentucky. 
 
599 
 
 Stewart, D. O. 
 
 Her dramatic writings include a play for 
 children: Cupid's Choice . . . , Dayton, 
 [1929]. She has also written novels, the first 
 of which was Let the Earth Speak, New 
 York, 1940. ANT 
 
 STEWARD, SAMUEL M. (July 23, 1909- 
 ), was born in Woodsfield, Monroe 
 County. He attended Ohio State University 
 (A.B., 1931; Ph.D., 1934), and has served on 
 the faculties of several universities, the last 
 being De Paul University, Chicago, 1947— 
 56. He is now a free-lance artist and writer 
 living in Chicago. While a student at Ohio 
 State, he published a volume of short stories: 
 Pan and the Firebird, New York, 1930; 
 he has also published numerous articles and 
 a novel: Angels on the Bough, Caldwell, 
 Idaho, 1936. 
 
 STEWARD, THEOPHILUS GOULD (April 
 17, 1843-Jan. 11, 1924), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Gouldtown, N. J. 
 Ordained in the African Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church, he served several pastorates in 
 the East. In 1891 he was appointed chaplain 
 of the 25th U. S. Infantry. While he was in 
 the Philippines, 1899-1902. his wife lived at 
 Wilberforce; after he retired from the 
 army in 1907, he joined the Wilberforce 
 University faculty as instructor in history 
 and languages. 
 Memoirs of Mrs. Rebecca Steward . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, 1877. 
 Genesis Reread . . . , Philadelphia, 1885. 
 A Charleston Love Story . . . , New York, 
 
 [1899]. 
 How the Black St. Domingo Legion Saved 
 
 the Patriot Army in the Siege of Savannah 
 
 . . . , Washington, D. C, 1899. 
 The Colored Regulars in the United States 
 
 Army . . . , Philadelphia, 1904. 
 The Haitian Revolution . . . , New York, 
 
 [1914]. 
 
 STEWART, ANNA BIRD (Sept. 28, 1880- 
 ), educator and lecturer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After gradu- 
 ating from the University of Cincinnati in 
 1903, she taught English in Paducah, Ky., 
 H. Thane Miller School for Girls, Cincinnati, 
 and Saint Mary's College, Ind. She was in 
 advertising work in New York City, 19 10— 
 30. She has traveled extensively in England 
 and France and has lectured to schools and 
 library groups throughout the United States. 
 She has published many plays, stories, and 
 poems for adults and for young readers, e.g., 
 a volume of poetry: The Birds Began to 
 Sing, New York, 1930. WW 28 
 
 STEWART, CHARLES DAVID (March 18, 
 1868- ), was born in Zanesville, Mus- 
 kingum County, the son of Andrew and 
 Sarah (Emery) Stewart. Five years after 
 his birth, the family followed the Baltimore 
 and Ohio Railroad roundhouse, in which the 
 father worked, to Newark and Springfield 
 and then to Garrett, Ind. But malaria and 
 homesickness drove the boy back to his 
 grandparents in Zanesville for the greater 
 part of his boyhood. He left school early and 
 tried his hand at various jobs over the coun- 
 try, working as drug clerk, steamboat deck 
 hand, blacksmith's helper, cowboy, and dime 
 museum attraction billed as "The man who 
 talks backward." A period of newspaper 
 work awakened his desire to write and also 
 revealed his lack of knowledge. He studied 
 literature, languages, and history while he 
 learned the art of wood engraving in Mil- 
 waukee. When photo-engraving was intro- 
 duced, he became a pioneer in the field. In 
 1915-16 he was executive secretary to the 
 governor of Wisconsin. From 1890 to the 
 present, 67 or more of his contributions 
 have been published in Century Magazine 
 and the Atlantic Monthly. In later years 
 nature subjects attracted him, and his book 
 Fellow Creatures (1935) has been compared 
 to the work of John Burroughs and John 
 Muir. His novels include The Fugitive 
 Blacksmith (1905), Partners of Providence 
 (1907), The Wrong Woman (1912), Finerty 
 of the Sand House (1913), Buck (1919), 
 and Valley Waters (1922), a story with 
 Zanesville as its setting. The latter book 
 prompted William Lyon Phelps to say that 
 Zanesville should give Stewart "the freedom 
 of 'he city and erect a monument to him 
 while he is yet alive." Essays on the Spot 
 appeared in 1910 and Prussianizing Wiscon- 
 sin in 1919. He considers Some Textual Dif- 
 ficulties in Shakespeare (1914) as the one 
 of his books most assured of permanence. 
 Since 1907 he has lived in Hartford, Wis. 
 Norris F. Schneider 
 
 STEWART, DONALD OGDEN (Nov. 30, 
 1894- ), was born in Columbus, Frank- 
 lin County. He graduated from Phillips 
 Exeter School and Yale University (1916). 
 He served in the navy during World War I. 
 Throughout most of the 1920s he lived 
 abroad, chiefly in Paris and Vienna. He 
 made his first appearance as an actor in 
 1928 in Philip Barry's Holiday; in 1931 he 
 also appeared in his own play, Rebound. In 
 the 1930s he was identified with many lib- 
 eral causes, especially in anti-Fascist organi- 
 zations. He was president of the League of 
 American Writers, 1937-41. A resident of 
 
Stewart, E. D. 
 
 600 
 
 California, he has been a writer for a num- 
 ber of outstanding motion pictures. He is 
 still best known perhaps for his first book, 
 A Parody Outline of History . . . , New 
 York, 1921. WW 30 
 
 STEWART, ELIZA DANIEL (April 25. 1816- 
 Aug. 6, 1908). temperance worker, was born 
 in Piketon, Pike County. After teaching 
 school for a number of years, she was mar- 
 ried in 1848 to Hiram Stewart, who died 
 within a few months. Throughout her life 
 she was an active worker for temperance, 
 lecturing and writing against liquor and 
 taking an active part in organizing the 
 W.C.T.U. in Ohio. She also worked for 
 women's rights and in 1869 helped organize 
 the first women's suffrage organization in 
 Springfield, where she lived for many years. 
 Her last five years were passed in Hicks- 
 ville. During the Civil War she visited 
 many hospitals, and grateful soldiers called 
 her "Mother Stewart." the name with which 
 she signed her two books. 
 Memories of the Crusade; A Thrilling Ac- 
 count of the Great Uprising of the Women 
 of Ohio in 1873, against the Liquor 
 Crime, Columbus. 1888. 
 The Crusader in Great Britain . . . , Spring- 
 field, 1893. 
 
 STEWART, GEORGE RLACK (Feb. 28, 
 1854-June 23, 1932), clergyman, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. He grad- 
 uated from Princeton University in 1876 
 and after graduating from Auburn Semi- 
 nary was ordained to the Presbyterian min- 
 istry. He served churches in Auburn, N. Y., 
 and Harrisburg, Pa.. 1878-99, and was pres- 
 ident of Auburn Seminary, 1899-1926. He 
 wrote several books on religious themes, 
 e.g., A Study of the Life of Jesus . . . , 
 Boston, [1907]. WWW 1 
 
 STEWART, GIDEON TABOR (Aug. 7, 
 1824-June 10, 1909), lawyer and jour- 
 nalist, born in Johnstown, N. Y., attended 
 Oberlin College, and was admitted to the 
 Ohio bar in 1846. He was auditor of Huron 
 County, 1850-56; edited the Dubuque, 
 Iowa, Times, 1861-65, and afterward was 
 associated with newspapers in Norwalk and 
 Toledo. A perennial candidate for public 
 office, he was an ardent advocate of prohi- 
 bition and published several speeches as 
 pamphlets; he also wrote Famed in Amer- 
 ican History. The Lives of John Adams 
 and John Quincy Adams . . . , [Norwalk?, 
 1906]. 
 
 STEWART, JANE AGNES (April 16. 1860- 
 Feb. 2, 1944), was born in Boston, Mass., 
 
 but lived for many years in Toledo. She 
 wrote a number of books on women's suf- 
 frage and temperance and two autobio- 
 graphical volumes, the first of which was 
 / Have Recalled, a Pen-Panorama of a 
 Life, Toledo, 1938. WWW 2 
 
 STEWART, NIXON B. (Sept. 7, 1840-March 
 1, 1915), clergyman, was born in Cam- 
 bridge, Guernsey County. He served in the 
 52nd O.V.I, during the Civil War, was later 
 active in the G.A.R.. and was regimental 
 secretary for many years. A minister in the 
 East Ohio Conference of the Methodist 
 Church, he died in Scio. 
 Dan McCook's Regiment, 52nd O.V.I. . . . , 
 [Clayville], 1900. 
 
 STEWART, ROBERT (Jan. 31, 1839-Oct. 
 23, 1915), clergyman, was born in Sidney, 
 Shelby County. After graduating from Jef- 
 ferson College in 1859 and Allegheny Semi- 
 nary in 1865. he was ordained to the min- 
 istry of the Presbyterian Church. He served 
 churches in Ohio and New York, 1866-72, 
 and taught at Newburg Seminary, N. Y., 
 1872-78. Except for an interval of eight 
 years (1892-1900), which he spent in the 
 United States, he served for the remainder 
 of his life as a missionary and teacher in 
 India. Besides the titles below, he wrote 
 two family histories and translated a num- 
 ber of works into Urdu. He died at Sialkot, 
 Punjab. 
 
 Filled with the Spirit, 1896. 
 
 Life and Work in India . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1896. 
 Apostolic and Indian Missions Compared, 
 
 1903. 
 Hinduism Historically Considered, [n.d.]. 
 
 STEWART, THOMAS MILTON (May 13. 
 1866-Dec. 10, 1945), occulist and neurolo- 
 gist, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from Pulte Medical 
 College. Cincinnati, in 1887 and also stud- 
 ied abroad. While practicing in Cincinnati, 
 he also lectured on comparative mythology 
 and wrote several books, including Sym- 
 bolic Teaching . . . , Cincinnati, 1914. 
 WWW 2 
 
 STEWART, WILLIAM MORRIS (Aug. 9 
 1829-April 23, 1909), lawyer and Senator, 
 born in Galen. N. Y., spent much of his 
 childhood in Trumbull County. He attended 
 Farmington Academy for three years. In 
 1850 he went to California, where he was 
 fairly successful as a miner. After reading 
 law, however, he found a far more profit- 
 able field in Nevada. He was counsel for 
 several mining companies and amassed a 
 
601 
 
 Stockham 
 
 considerable fortune. He served as Senator 
 from Nevada, 1864-75 and 1887-1905. His 
 chief relation to literary history is the fact 
 that in 1868 he invited Mark Twain to be- 
 come his personal secretary. The relation- 
 ship lasted less than a week, and each man 
 seems to have cherished a lively animosity 
 toward the other for the rest of his life. 
 Stewart published many of his Senate 
 speeches and legal arguments. George R. 
 Brown edited his Reminiscences . . . , New 
 York, 1908. DAB 18 
 
 STIMSON, RODNEY METCALF (Oct. 26, 
 1822-Feb. 15, 1913), was born in Milford, 
 N. H. After graduating from Marietta Col- 
 lege in 1847, he taught in country schools 
 and read law. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1849, published the Ironton Register, 
 1850-62, served in the Ohio senate, 1869— 
 73, was director of the state library, 1877— 
 79, and was librarian of Marietta College, 
 1881-92. 
 
 The Marietta Reading Club . . . , Marietta, 
 1894. 
 
 STIBITZ, GEORGE (March 1, 1856-March 
 11, 1944), clergyman, was born in Schuyl- 
 kill County, Pa. From 1907 to 1934 he was 
 on the faculty of Central Theological Sem- 
 inary of the Reformed Church, Dayton. His 
 writings include Messianic Prophecy . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1923. WWW 2 
 
 STICKELL, MRS. CHARLES B. See Dorothy 
 
 P. Albaugh. 
 
 STIPP, JOSEPH ASBURY (Nov. 7, 1845- 
 Dec. 1, 1907), dentist, was born in Ohio, 
 probably in Shelby County. He served in 
 the 154th O.V.I, from May to Sept., 1864, 
 and in the 8th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry 
 from March to July, 1865. After the Civil 
 War he was a dentist in Toledo; his death 
 occurred in that city. 
 
 The History of the 154th Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, Toledo, 1896. 
 
 STILES, HENRY REED (March 10, 1832- 
 Jan. 7, 1909), physician and historian, born 
 in New York City, edited the Toledo Blade 
 in 1856. He later practiced medicine and 
 devoted himself to genealogy and local his- 
 tory in New England and New York. He 
 edited or wrote a great many works, e.g., 
 Bundling; Its Origin, Progress and Decline 
 in America, Albany, [N. Y.], 1869. 
 
 STILLE, SAMUEL HARDEN (Aug. 19, 
 1896- ), was born in Warner, Washing- 
 ton County. When he was seven, his fam- 
 ily moved to a farm near Lower Salem, 
 where he now operates a craft center, "Ar- 
 lendale." He began lecturing at the age of 
 sixteen, was later a member of the Speak- 
 ers' Bureau of the Republican Party, and 
 lectured throughout the United States. He 
 has also written for the Cincinnati Enquirer, 
 the Zanesville Times Signal, and other 
 newspapers. He has published poems, 
 books, and articles on Americanism, and a 
 book of sketches of persons and events in 
 Ohio history: Ohio Builds a Nation . . . , 
 Chicago, [1939]. 
 
 STILWELL, WILLIAM T. (c.1840- ? ), was 
 born in Ohio. He was living in Logan 
 County in 1872, when he married Nancy 
 Catherine Whitely, sister of William 
 Whitely, manufacturer of reapers. Stilwell 
 became general manager of the Whitely 
 plant in Springfield. In the early 1890s he 
 was a broker in Baltimore, Md. 
 Public Benefactors of the 19th Century, 
 Springfield, 1887. 
 
 STIVERS, EMMONS BUCHANAN (May 6, 
 1857-Jan. 11, 1931), educator and lawyer, 
 was born in Fincastle, Brown County. In 
 1876 he became a teacher, and in 1883 he 
 was appointed superintendent of schools in 
 West Union. During his residence there, he 
 published a newspaper, The Index, and 
 studied law. In 1888 he was admitted to the 
 bar, and in 1890 he settled on a farm in 
 Brown County. He served in the state as- 
 sembly. Besides writting two history text- 
 books, he collaborated with Nelson W. 
 Evans (q.v.) in writing a history of Adams 
 County. 
 
 A History of Adams County . . . , (with 
 Nelson W. Evans), West Union, 1900. 
 
 STOCKELL, WILLIAM (1788- ? ), was born 
 in Malton, England. He ran away from 
 home in 1803 and served in the British and 
 French navies and also shipped on whaling 
 vessels. He claimed to have deserted the 
 English and to have served under Perry at 
 the Battle of Lake Erie. He settled in Cin- 
 cinnati in 1823. 
 
 The Eventful Narrative of Captain William 
 Stock well . . . , (Edwin A. Atlee, ed.), Cin- 
 cinnati, 1840. 
 
 STOCKHAM, ALICE BUNKER (Nov. 8, 
 1833-Dec. 3, 1912), was born in Carding- 
 ton, Morrow County. She attended Olivet 
 College and Eclectic Medical College, Cin- 
 cinnati, where she graduated in 1854. She 
 practiced in Indiana and Illinois and later 
 established the Stockham Publishing Com- 
 pany to publish her own works and other 
 
Stocking 
 
 602 
 
 books. She was an active worker for wom- 
 en's suffrage and social reform. In 1900 she 
 established a school of philosophy at Wil- 
 liams Bay, Wis. She later lived at Alham- 
 bra, Calif. 
 Tokology, a Book of Maternity, Chicago, 
 
 1883. 
 Korodine Letters; A Girl's Own Book . . . , 
 (with Lida Hood Talbot), Chicago, 1893. 
 Karezza; Ethics of Marriage, Chicago, 1896. 
 Tolstoi; A Man of Peace, Chicago, [1900]. 
 The Lover's World; A Wheel of Life, Chi- 
 cago, [1903]. 
 
 STOCKING, AMER MILLS (Sept. 26, 1858- 
 March 31, 1943), clergyman, was born near 
 North Madison, Geauga County. He grad- 
 uated from National Normal University, 
 Lebanon, in 1884 and taught school for 
 several years. After becoming a clergyman 
 in 1885, he served as pastor of several 
 Methodist churches in Illinois. He published 
 poetical paraphrases of Biblical stories and 
 a "metrical epic": The Saukie Indians and 
 Their Great Chiefs Black Hawk and Keo- 
 kuk, Rock Island, 111., 1926. 
 
 STOLL, ELMER EDGAR (Feb. 11, 1874- 
 May 24, 1959), educator, was born in Orr- 
 ville, Wayne County. He graduated from 
 University of Wooster in 1893 and Harvard 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1895 and afterward 
 studied in Germany. He taught English at 
 Western Reserve University, 1906-12, and 
 the University of Minnesota, 1914-42. 
 Though specializing in Shakespeare, he pub- 
 lished a number of influential articles and 
 books on varied literary subjects, e.g., From 
 Shakespeare to Joyce . . . , New York, 
 1944. WW 30 
 
 STONE, JAMES KENT (Nov. 10, 1840-Oct. 
 14, 1921), clergyman, born in Boston, 
 lived in Gambier for five years, 1863-68. 
 While teaching Latin at Kenyon College, 
 he studied theology and became an Epis- 
 copal clergyman. Named president of the 
 college in 1867, he resigned the following 
 year because his high-church leanings were 
 incompatible with local conditions. In 1869 
 after the death of his wife, he became a 
 Roman Catholic, and in 1872 he was or- 
 dained to the priesthood. Numerous edi- 
 tions were printed of his volume written 
 after his conversion: The Invitation Heeded 
 . . . , London, 1870. 
 
 STONE, JULIUS FREDERICK (June 1, 
 1855-July 25, 1947), was born near Devil's 
 Lake, Mich. He was in the coal business in 
 Columbus, 1885-1903, and afterward was 
 an official of the Seagrave Co., manufac- 
 
 turers of fire engines. He died in Santa 
 Monica, Calif., at the age of 92. An active 
 explorer of the Grand Canyon and other 
 regions, he wrote a book about his explora- 
 tions along the Colorado River: Canyon 
 Country; The Romance of a Drop of Water 
 and a Grain of Sand, New York, 1932. 
 WWW 2 
 
 STONE, MARY AMELIA BOOMER (June 
 19, 1823- ? ), was born in Sutton, Mass. She 
 married Andros B. Stone of Charlton, 
 Mass., and in 1858 they settled in Cleve- 
 land. The subject of her first book was her 
 brother, who was killed in the Civil War. 
 Memoir of George Boardman Boomer . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1864. 
 Development of Painting in the 16th Cen- 
 tury . . . , Chicago, 1885. 
 A Summer in Scandinavia, New York, 
 [1885]. 
 
 STOOKESBURY, SINA ETHEL (March 27, 
 1879-Dec. 13, 1951), was born in Fair- 
 field, Columbiana County. Her lifetime was 
 spent in Columbiana and Carroll Counties. 
 She was a piano teacher for a number of 
 years. She published two volumes of poetry, 
 e.g., Given Gold, [Akron, 1913]. 
 
 STORER, BELLAMY (Aug. 28, 1847-Nov. 
 12, 1922), lawyer, congressman, and diplo- 
 mat, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County, the son of a distinguished lawyer 
 and judge bearing the same name. He grad- 
 uated from Harvard College in 1867 and 
 the law school of Cincinnati College in 
 1869. He practiced law in Cincinnati and 
 served two terms in Congress, 1891-95. In 
 1886 he married Maria Longworth Nichols, 
 widow of George Ward Nichols (q.v.). He 
 and his wife were converted to Catholicism 
 in 1896. An active supporter of William 
 McKinley, he was made minister to Bel- 
 gium in 1897 and later served in Spain, 
 1899-1902, and Austria-Hungary, 1902- 
 06. The evidence indicates that President 
 Theodore Roosevelt removed him from the 
 latter post after realizing the impropriety of 
 a Presidential hint that Archbishop Ireland 
 be made a cardinal. Storer presented his side 
 of the controversy in Letter . . . to the 
 President and the Members of His Cabinet 
 . . . , [Cincinnati?, 1906]. DAB 18 
 
 STORER, ELROY TEMPLIN (Aug. 16, 
 1884-Aug. 17, 1955), physician, was born 
 in Seaman, Adams County. He graduated 
 from Miami University in 1907 and the 
 medical school of the University of Cincin- 
 nati in 1911. After practicing for five years 
 at Rockford, he settled in Middletown, where 
 
 
603 
 
 Stowe, H. E. B. 
 
 he practiced for the remainder of his life 
 and took an active part in civic affairs. He 
 published a collection of verse: They Made 
 the News, Philadelphia, 1943. 
 
 STOKER, MARIA LONGWORTH IN1CHOLS 
 
 (March 20, 1849-April 30, 1932), was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, the daugh- 
 ter of Joseph and Annie Reeves Longworth. 
 In 1868 she married George Ward Nichols 
 (q.v.), president of Cincinnati College of 
 Music. Interested in all phases of Cincin- 
 nati's cultural life, she founded Rookwood 
 Potteries in 1880. Her husband died in 
 1895, and the following year she married 
 Bellamy Storer (q.v.). She died in Paris, 
 France, where she had lived for some time 
 with her niece, the Countess de Chambrun 
 (q.v.). Mrs. Storer published a number of 
 novels, e.g., Probation, St. Louis, Mo., 
 1916. 
 
 STORMS, ALBERT BOYNTON (April 1, 
 1860-July 1, 1933), Methodist clergyman 
 and educator, born in Lima, Mich., was 
 president of Baldwin-Wallace College, 
 1918-1933. His writings include The Mas- 
 ter Secret, Cincinnati, [1913]. WWW 1 
 
 STOTT, ROSCOE GILMORE (Oct. 29, 
 1880-Jan. 12. 1957), born in Franklin, 
 Ind., was on the faculty of the Ohio School 
 of the Air, 1930-33, and lived in Cincin- 
 nati until about 1945. A popular lecturer 
 and a prolific writer, he has published many 
 books, e.g., a book of poems: The Man 
 Sings, Cincinnati, [1914]; a book on Amer- 
 icanization: The Smiths Discover America 
 . . . , Chicago, [1920]; and a religious 
 novel: Doorway to Dawn, Grand Rapids, 
 Mich., 1940. WWW 3 
 
 STOUGH, HENRY WELLINGTON (Aug. 15, 
 1870-Oct. 27, 1939), clergyman and evan- 
 gelist, was born in Pulaski, Williams 
 County. After studying at Oberlin College, 
 Moody Bible Institute, and Chicago Theo- 
 logical Seminary, he was ordained to the 
 Congregational ministry in 1896. In 1901 
 he began conducting evangelistic services 
 and lecturing. His books include Across the 
 Dead Line of Amusements, New York, 
 [1912]. WWW 1 
 
 STOVER, ROSS HARRISON (Nov. 30, 
 1888- ), clergyman, was born in Me- 
 chanicsburg, Champaign County; when he 
 was five, his family moved to Springfield, 
 where he attended public school and grad- 
 uated from Wittenberg College in 1912. 
 After being ordained in 1915 he served a 
 pastorate in Wapakoneta. In 1919 he be- 
 
 came pastor of Messiah Lutheran Church 
 in Philadelphia. His writings include What 
 Do We Know about Life after Death? 
 . . . , Grand Rapids, Mich., [1941]. RLA 2 
 
 STOWE, ANSEL ROY MONROE (Aug. 30, 
 1882-July 16, 1952), educator, born in 
 Walkerton, Ind., graduated from Harvard 
 University in 1905 and Columbia Univer- 
 sity (Ph.D.) in 1909. He served as presi- 
 dent of the University of Toledo, 1914-25. 
 He published several studies of higher edu- 
 cation, e.g., Modernizing the College, New 
 York, 1926. WWW 3 
 
 STOWE, CALVIN ELLIS (April 26, 1802- 
 Aug. 22, 1886), educator, born in Natick, 
 Mass., was on the faculty of Lane Semi- 
 nary, Cincinnati, 1833-50. A graduate of 
 Bowdoin College and Andover Seminary, 
 he was versed in several languages. In 1834, 
 his wife, Eliza Tyler Stowe, died; and on 
 Jan. 6, 1836, he married Harriet Beecher, 
 daughter of Lyman Beecher, the president 
 of the seminary (qq.v.). In 1850 he ac- 
 cepted a call to Bowdoin College, where he 
 remained two years. He taught at Andover 
 Seminary, 1852-64, after which he and his 
 wife lived in Hartford. He is generally be- 
 lieved to have encouraged her writing and 
 occasionally to have suggested themes and 
 characters. Calvin Stowe's chief service to 
 the State of Ohio was in the field of public 
 education. He assisted in founding the Col- 
 lege of Teachers in Cincinnati in 1833. In 
 1836 he went abroad to purchase books for 
 Lane Seminary and to investigate the pub- 
 lic school systems of Europe. His report, 
 published in 1837, was distributed to every 
 school district in Ohio and did much to 
 encourage the establishment of common 
 schools. 
 
 Introduction to the Criticism and Interpreta- 
 tion of the Bible, Cincinnati, 1835. 
 Report on Elementary Education in Europe 
 
 . . . , Columbus, 1837. 
 A Letter to R. D. Mussey, M.D., on the 
 Utter Groundlessness of All the Millennial 
 Arithmetic, Cincinnati, 1843. 
 Origin and History of the Books of the 
 Bible . . . , Hartford, Conn., 1867. 
 
 STOWE, HARRIET ELIZABETH 
 BEECHER (June 14, 1811-July 1, 1896), 
 was born in Litchfield, Conn. Over a hun- 
 dred years ago, "a little bit of a woman 
 . . . about as thin and dry as a pinch of 
 snuff" sat on the back steps of her Bruns- 
 wick, Maine, home in order to escape the 
 noise of her six boisterous children and be- 
 gan to scribble away in the hope of selling 
 a few scenes of life in Ohio. She needed 
 
Stowe, H. E. B. 
 
 604 
 
 enough money to buy a silk dress to wear 
 on the Sabbath like other Bowdoin College 
 faculty wives. The scratches of her quill 
 pen were kindling a little fire that was des- 
 tined to flare into a holocaust that would 
 envelop the nation. To Harriet Beecher 
 Stowe, as her pen raced on, recollections of 
 Ohio brought little happiness. Her eighteen 
 years in Cincinnati had ended in disillusion- 
 ment and tragedy. Her father, America's 
 greatest preacher, Lyman Beecher (q.v.), 
 had dreamed of bringing New England's 
 light and learning to the "benighted West" 
 when he made his "hegira" in 1832 with 
 his large family from Litchfield, Conn., in 
 order to guide and direct the newly estab- 
 lished Lane Seminary in the Queen City 
 of the West. But during his incumbency the 
 Presbyterian Synod was rent by differences 
 over dogma. Only by scouring the woods 
 of Ohio and the neighboring states had the 
 dynamic orator been able to secure enough 
 students to keep the little institution in 
 Walnut Hills operating. The most distin- 
 guished of its professors, America's author- 
 ity on Biblical exegesis, Calvin Stowe (q.v.), 
 could earn only a thousand dollars a year 
 from his teaching. Western Female Semi- 
 nary, the school for young ladies so hopefully 
 established by the already famous Catherine 
 Beecher (q.v.) with the help of her sister 
 Harriet, had passed into other management 
 and been forced to close its doors. Catherine 
 had gone off lecturing on education, merely 
 lending the use of her name to the school 
 where she had hoped her younger sister 
 might be able to earn her salt. The younger 
 sister had seen opportunity beckoning in 
 another direction. Her best friend, Eliza 
 Tyler Stowe, had died leaving a widower 
 who needed secretarial help with his Bibli- 
 cal studies Harriet had become his amanu- 
 ensis. Shortly thereafter her marriage to 
 the learned Professor Stowe had ended her 
 association with Western Female Seminary. 
 However, it had not solved her financial 
 problems. The swift coming of six chil- 
 dren had but added to them. Harriet had 
 been self-supporting from the age of four- 
 teen when she had gone to Hartford as 
 both teacher and pupil in the first of the 
 many schools her sister Catherine estab- 
 lished. There she had acquired facility with 
 pen and brush. That facility had stood her 
 in good stead as the wife of an indigent, 
 though famous, professor. Judge Hall's 
 Western Monthly Magazine had continued 
 to print, as it had before her marriage, the 
 "sketches" she wrote, and admiring, or pity- 
 ing, friends had bought the pictures she 
 painted. But it was only a mite that she had 
 been able to add to the family income. Cin- 
 
 cinnati's early literary society, the oddly 
 named Semi-Colon Club, had welcomed 
 into its midst the Beechers and the Stowes, 
 but the great financial crisis of 1837 had 
 ended its activities. Its suspension had left 
 the newcomers from Connecticut longing 
 for the culture of the East and resentful of 
 the "fleshpots" of the West. They had re- 
 sented, too, the pigs that wandered freely 
 about Porkopolis, as meat-packing Cincin- 
 nati came to be called. They also had re- 
 sented the violence so foreign to the life 
 they had known in the prim villages of 
 Connecticut, violence that had flared again 
 and again in the Western metropolis. Sav- 
 age mobs had wrecked the shop where 
 James Birney printed his Philanthropist and 
 had thrown his presses into the river. It 
 should be noted that Cincinnati, though 
 safeguarded from slavery by the Ordinance 
 of 1787, was nevertheless the gateway to 
 the South and dependent upon that area 
 for much of its financial prosperity. Its 
 people saw little to be gained by tolerating 
 the antislavery agitators. In the early spring 
 of 1850, immediately upon learning of her 
 husband's appointment to Bowdoin, Harriet 
 Stowe had fled from cholera-infested Cin- 
 cinnati to the salubrious climate of Maine. 
 There as she sat on her back steps in Bruns- 
 wick, she called to mind stories she had 
 heard in Ohio of pursuit and capture, or es- 
 cape, of fugitive slaves. She remembered 
 how she and Calvin had had the privacy of 
 their own home invaded by slave hunters 
 who had learned of a runaway employed by 
 the Stowes. She recalled how, in the dead 
 of night, under threat of Federal punish- 
 ment, Calvin had driven the slave girl far 
 out Montgomery Pike and successfully 
 hidden her in the home of John Van Zandt. 
 She remembered the story John Rankin (q.v.) 
 had told on her visit to Ripley, as he 
 pointed across the Ohio and both of them 
 heard from the Kentucky shore the baying 
 of bloodhounds thwarted in their pursuit 
 by the swirling waters of the river. Harriet 
 recalled with horror the frightfulness of the 
 previous summer in Cincinnati when death 
 in the form of cholera stalked the streets 
 and visited almost every home. She could 
 hear the drivers of the wagons collecting 
 the corpses calling, "Bring out your dead." 
 She lived again the agonizing hours when 
 she watched over her stricken baby boy 
 and could only pray that the death agony 
 would soon be over. She had fled the dread 
 place and hoped longingly for Calvin's safe 
 arrival in Maine at the close of the school 
 year in time to rejoice in the arrival of her 
 seventh child. Meanwhile she wrote like the 
 driving of Jehu — furiously. The fury of a 
 
605 
 
 Stowe, H. E. B. 
 
 zealot impelled her pen. God wrote the 
 words, she repeatedly said. Harriet had 
 shown years before in 1836 her capacity for 
 being inspired by the wrath of God. She had 
 gone to Cincinnati firmly convinced that pub- 
 lic affairs were matters that should be left in 
 the hands of men. Women, following St. 
 Paul's injunction, should not only keep silent 
 in the churches but also should refrain from 
 discussing the political questions of the day 
 even in the privacy of their family circles. 
 The sentiment for the abolition of slavery 
 had been winning converts in the North 
 ever since the New England slave traders 
 had had their business cut off by the prohi- 
 bition of the importing of slaves after 
 1808. Harriet had remained aloof from dis- 
 cussions of the subject. William Lloyd Gar- 
 rison's Liberator had not won the support 
 of any of the Beechers. However, when the 
 young bloods of Cincinnati led the mob 
 into Birney's print shop and destroyed his 
 presses, Harriet abandoned her conserva- 
 tive ideas on the position of women. She 
 wrote letters, under the pseudonym of 
 "Franklin," to the editor of the Cincinnati 
 Journal. Lane Seminary had tried to keep 
 the Stowes in Cincinnati by offering Calvin 
 half as much again as Bowdoin offered. 
 Calvin was willing, but Harriet was con- 
 vinced that her pen could bring in enough 
 to justify the removal of the family to New 
 England. The Geography that she had written 
 in narrative style was now in its fifth edition, 
 thanks to the use of her well-known sister 
 Catherine's name on the title page. An ar- 
 ticle called "Uncle Lot," first presented at a 
 meeting of the Semi-Colon Club, had subse- 
 quently brought her first prize and fifty dol- 
 lars in a contest sponsored by Hall's Western 
 Monthly Magazine. "Uncle Lot," in which 
 John Erskine said "the heroic flame already 
 burns," had been followed by other sketches 
 of New England life. In 1843 she had suc- 
 ceeded in selling a collection of these stories 
 to Harper's under the title The Mayflower. 
 For some years she had been writing sermons 
 and moral advice for newspapers, partic- 
 ularly for Dr. Gamaliel Bailey's National 
 Era. So it was that as a regular contrib- 
 utor she had discussed with Dr. Bailey the 
 publication of stories based upon her per- 
 sonal contacts with slavery during her years 
 in the West. The idea for a series of stories 
 dealing with slavery had come to her in a 
 "vision" during church service not long 
 after she went to Maine. Faith in super- 
 natural manifestations was commonplace 
 in the Stowe household. Scriptural author- 
 ity was the basis of Calvin Stowe's personal 
 conviction of his own psychic powers. Her 
 brother, Henry Ward Beecher (q.v.), had 
 
 encouraged her in believing she was divinely 
 appointed to reveal the iniquity of slavery. 
 One Sabbath morning at church as Harriet 
 relaxed from her weekday cares of cooking, 
 washing, ironing, scrubbing, and teaching 
 her few private pupils, she heard little the 
 preacher said. She was thinking out a pro- 
 posed sermonette to be entitled "Earthly 
 Care a Heavenly Discipline." She recalled 
 the slaves as she had seen them at work 
 when she was visiting in Kentucky. Sud- 
 denly she saw a "vision," a vision of an 
 aged Negro slave being beaten to death. 
 This Negro became "Uncle Tom" and his 
 story began to develop in the mind of the 
 author. In the days that followed, one pic- 
 ture crowded upon another in the dreaming 
 eyes of the artist-author. She wrote fever- 
 ishly during every spare moment. Her 
 sketches of slavery in action were eagerly 
 accepted by National Era. Dr. Bailey 
 agreed to pay $300 for "three or four 
 sketches." The "three or four" stretched 
 into forty, but the compensation remained 
 unchanged. Carried away by enthusiasm for 
 her subject the usually money-conscious 
 Harriet disregarded the differential between 
 literary effort and financial reward. She felt 
 herself inspired like John on Patmos. She 
 must write what she had seen and heard 
 while she lived in Ohio. God willed that by 
 her pen she should awaken her countrymen 
 to the dreadful cancer that was destroying 
 the nation. The weekly installments of her 
 story rarely failed to reach the publisher on 
 time. In Feb., 1852, Calvin Stowe, as his 
 wife's legal guardian, went to Boston and 
 signed a contract for the publication of her 
 "sketches" which John P. Jewett agreed 
 to bring out in two volumes under the 
 title Uncle Tom's Cabin. Another Boston 
 firm. Phillips and Sampson, had earlier re- 
 fused to consider printing the novel when 
 Catherine Beecher brought it to them. 
 Fear of losing their Southern trade caused 
 them to decline the book that was to bring 
 great riches to those who printed it and re- 
 printed it through the years that followed. 
 John P. Jewett, although influenced to pub- 
 lish it because of his wife's enthusiasm 
 when she read the installments in National 
 Era, had so little faith in the success of 
 the book that he tried to persuade Calvin 
 Stowe to pay half the cost of publication. 
 The impecunious Stowe pushed away what 
 would have meant eventually a vast for- 
 tune, insisting instead upon a 10 per cent 
 royalty on sales. Harriet, on learning of the 
 signing of the contract, said with delight, 
 "I hope it will make enough so I may have 
 a silk dress." Three thousand copies were 
 sold the day of publication, March 20, 
 
Stowe, H. E. B. 
 
 606 
 
 1852. The remaining two thousand vanished 
 the second day. Twenty thousand copies 
 sold in three weeks. Three power presses 
 ran 24 hours a day, but the publisher had 
 to apologize continually for being "thou- 
 sands of copies behind orders." In eight 
 weeks the book had made literary history 
 in America — a hundred thousand copies 
 had been sold. By the end of the year 
 Jewett announced he had disposed of 
 305,000 copies. Harriet herself was no mean 
 press agent. She sent complimentary copies 
 to leading literary and political figures in 
 America and England. Well-couched per- 
 sonal letters accompanied her gifts to Sum- 
 ner, Longfellow, Whittier, Kingsley, Dick- 
 ens, and Victoria's Prince Consort. An 
 enterprising, if not ethical, young American 
 sent a copy to an English publisher with a 
 request for a recompense of five pounds 
 sterling. That publisher's unauthorized edi- 
 tion proved so profitable that English print- 
 ers began to rival one another in bringing 
 out both de luxe and inexpensive copies. 
 England's greatest illustrators, including the 
 famous Cruikshank, vied with one another 
 for the privilege of drawing sketches of lit- 
 tle Eva and Uncle Tom. A British "railway 
 edition" brought its publisher the sale of 
 150,000 copies before Christmas of 1852. 
 Only one of the many publishers of Uncle 
 Tom's Cabin in England felt any twinges 
 of conscience about making a fortune from 
 the unauthorized printing of the book. That 
 one sent Harriet a donation of 500 pounds. 
 Later when Harriet renewed her copyright 
 she managed to secure recognition of her 
 rights abroad. Printings in various coun- 
 tries of Europe in 1852 brought the total 
 sales to 2,500,000 copies. Pirated transla- 
 tions were made into French, Russian, 
 Swedish, Finnish, Dutch, German, Spanish, 
 Portuguese, and Italian. Word came to 
 Harriet of the appearance of editions in 
 Hungarian, Wallachian, Armenian, Hindu, 
 and Javanese. Rival publishers carried on 
 controversies regarding the correctness of 
 their translations. Tauchnitz brought out an 
 authorized version in German with an in- 
 troduction by Mrs. Stowe. In America 
 Jewett found it profitable to publish a Ger- 
 man edition for the vast numbers of Ger- 
 man immigrants who were flooding the 
 country after the futile struggles for free- 
 dom in the Vaterland in 1848. For the 
 100,000 who came from Wales into the 
 coal fields of Pennsylvania and Ohio, Rob- 
 ert Everett brought out a Welsh translation 
 without asking the author's permission. Mrs. 
 Stowe realized she had no copyright pro- 
 tection abroad, but she felt she was entitled 
 to royalties on Everett's Welsh edition 
 
 printed in America. She brought suit against 
 the publisher, but the courts held against 
 her on the grounds that a translation was 
 an original work. The 10 per cent royalty 
 to which Calvin Stowe had agreed brought 
 a handsome revenue to the Stowes from the 
 fabulous number of sales of the one-dollar 
 edition and the dollar-and-a-half de luxe 
 copies. Harriet could afford more than a 
 Sunday-best dress. She needed more, too, 
 for she was deluged with invitations to the 
 most distinguished dwellings in America, 
 aristocratic country homes and town houses 
 in England, and famous literary salons in 
 Paris. In 1952 on the occasion of the hun- 
 dredth anniversary of the publication of 
 Uncle Tom's Cabin a statement appeared 
 in Publisher's Weekly that, although no 
 exact figures can be ascertained, the sale 
 of the book at home and abroad has far ex- 
 ceeded that of any other book save the 
 Bible. Before the year 1852 had ended, the 
 New York Independent was proclaiming that 
 it had secured the services of Mrs. Harriet 
 Beecher Stowe as a weekly contributor of 
 stories, essays, poems, and sketches to its 
 columns. Harriet had become America's 
 first woman columnist. Every word indited 
 by her pen sold at top-level prices. In quick 
 succession came a series of books. Through 
 her long life she continued to be a contribu- 
 tor to the religious journal Christian Union. 
 Her old timidity and conformity to the ac- 
 cepted custom for a wife to be represented in 
 business matters by her husband vanished 
 with the success of Uncle Tom's Cabin. Har- 
 riet negotiated all contracts, even those for 
 reconstruction of a home in Andover, Mass., 
 where Calvin Stowe had found wider scope 
 for his teaching. Harriet's famous brother, 
 Henry Ward Beecher, thundered from his 
 pulpit against the theater. Nevertheless the 
 nation's most famous actors and actresses 
 were thrilled to have a chance to appear 
 in one or another of the many dramatic 
 versions of Uncle Tom's Cabin which soon 
 were playing in every city in the country. 
 But this tremendous theatrical success of 
 the story brought no royalties. Song writers 
 poured forth hundreds of pathetic ditties 
 about the story in the lachrymose fashion of 
 the day. Popular artists at home and abroad 
 vied with one another in painting Eliza's per- 
 ilous journey across the ice or Uncle Tom 
 reading to little Eva. Every art gallery had at 
 least one "Tom" picture. The reading of 
 Uncle Tom's Cabin brought about great in- 
 terest in the Scriptures. Paris bookstalls were 
 swamped with calls for the Bible, "la Bible 
 veritable de l'Oncle Tom." Men and women 
 who had strayed from orthodoxy sought, 
 like Heinrich Heine, to understand how 
 
607 
 
 Stowe, H. E. B. 
 
 Sacred Writ had so transformed and en- 
 nobled the life of an almost illiterate slave. 
 Alfred de Musset was so touched by the 
 tale that he influenced cynical French lit- 
 erary critics to weep with him and George 
 Sand over the tender passages. Less than 
 a year after the publication of Uncle Tom's 
 Cabin, 500.000 British women who had 
 read the book signed "An Affectionate and 
 Christian Address of Many Thousands of 
 Women of Great Britain and Ireland to 
 their Sisters, the Women of The United 
 States of America." The Queen's closest 
 friend, the Duchess of Sutherland, had 
 secured as co-sponsors of the "Address" the 
 wives of the most prominent men in Eng- 
 land. Names such as Palmerston, Tennyson, 
 and Dickens led the list of signers. The 26 
 folio volumes of signatures were sent to the 
 most widely known woman in the world. 
 Harriet Beecher Stowe. At the invitation of 
 her Scottish admirers Harriet went to 
 Glasgow and from there made a triumphal 
 tour of the British Isles, France, and Italy, 
 a tour that had repercussions on both sides 
 of the Atlantic. Queen Victoria and her 
 Prince Consort had wept over the pages of 
 the lavender-bound volume Harriet had 
 sent them. Without doubt the Queen would 
 have received the famous tourist had diplo- 
 matic complications not prevented. On 
 Harriet's next tour an apparently casual 
 meeting at a railway station was contrived. 
 The British Government was keenly aware 
 that it was the slave labor of the South that 
 furnished the raw cotton that was enriching 
 the mill owners of Lancashire. The British 
 Cabinet and Parliament realized that cordial 
 relations with America depended on the deli- 
 cate balance of power between proslavery 
 and antislavery forces in the Congress of the 
 United States. Therefore, the royal couple 
 might weep over the plight of Eliza and her 
 child teetering on the ice floes in the Ohio 
 River; they might even acknowledge with a 
 nod the presence of Calvin and Harriet 
 Stowe; but they must not by any overt act 
 seem to give recognition to a woman whose 
 inflammatory words were threatening the 
 peace of a sister nation. In writing Uncle 
 Tom Mrs. Stowe undoubtedly meant to give 
 a true picture of slavery in action, showing 
 both the kindly parental attitude of some 
 masters and mistresses and the inhuman 
 cruelty of those who regarded the slaves 
 as chattels. She contrasted Uncle Tom's 
 humility with George Harris' determina- 
 tion to rebel against the institution that 
 embittered his life. She made her most 
 despicable character, the slave driver Simon 
 Legree, a man from Vermont, not from the 
 South. A prim New England spinster is 
 
 the one who brings out Topsy's perverseness. 
 The angel of the book is a little Southern 
 girl. Unquestionably Mrs. Stowe had strong 
 convictions on the subject of slavery. Her 
 experiences in Cincinnati had filled her with 
 indignation against the institution. She saw 
 a chance to picture a phase of American 
 life new to fiction and at the same time 
 call attention to the iniquity of holding hu- 
 man beings in bondage. Her Connecticut 
 Yankee acumen joined with her New Eng- 
 land conscience in producing the book. Its 
 phenomenal success transformed her into 
 the "crusader in crinoline" known to history. 
 In Uncle Tom's Cabin the abolitionists 
 found a weapon far more powerful than all 
 the tracts put out by Birney and Garrison. 
 This tale of sale "down the river" with its 
 disregard of family ties touched the hearts 
 of the American people as perfervid oratory 
 never had. It awakened the nation's con- 
 science to a determination to destroy the 
 canker in the land of the free. Men and 
 women, boys and girls (Harriet brought 
 out a shortened version for children) swore 
 to die if necessary to break the chains of 
 slavery. Sumner and Seward and Lincoln 
 raised their voices against the evil. Henry 
 Ward Beecher thundered in his pulpit as 
 did many another divine. But far more ef- 
 fective than all of these was the novel wept 
 over by millions of Americans in the quiet of 
 their homes. The Great Emancipator himself 
 greeted Harriet as the "little lady who made 
 this big war." In the South Mrs. Stowe herself 
 symbolized the wickedness of the North 
 in attacking the fundamental right of pri- 
 vate property guaranteed by the Constitu- 
 tion. No words were too bitter to apply to 
 the woman who was inflaming the world 
 against the proprietors of the great planta- 
 tions in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Ten- 
 nessee, and the Carolinas. In less than ten 
 years after the publication of Uncle Tom 
 thousands of men were dying "to make men 
 free." The government warred against the 
 secession of the Southern States; but the 
 men who defended that government with 
 their lives fought to break the chains that 
 bound a lovable slave and to still the hav- 
 ing of hounds pursuing a devoted wife 
 fleeing to the land of freedom. The sim- 
 ple, direct telling of the tale made it un- 
 derstandable to the semiliterate as well 
 as to the erudite. The power of the tale to 
 sway men's minds and direct their actions 
 lay in Mrs. Stowe's ability to portray in 
 words the pictures she saw in her mind's 
 eye. Since 1852 millions of readers have 
 thrilled to this tale of "Life among the 
 Lowly," the subtitle Calvin Stowe gave the 
 book. The crusade inspired by the lady who 
 
Strain, F. B. 
 
 608 
 
 succeeded in draping over her crinoline the 
 most expensive of silks goes on in this 
 country as the children and grandchildren 
 and great-grandchildren of former slaves 
 struggle with ever-increasing success for 
 complete integration into the broad stream 
 of American life. Today few Americans 
 read the book. Negro children may per- 
 chance attend a school called the Harriet 
 Beecher Stowe School, but scarcely one of 
 them reads the story that played such an 
 important role in the history of the race. 
 Those who do read the book delight in its 
 vivid pictures, but the stirring appeal of 
 Uncle Tom's Cabin has gone with the days 
 of long ago that it portrays. Slavery in 
 America is no more. In the lands behind 
 the Iron Curtain the book unfortunately is 
 playing a part in the Cold War. Uncle 
 Tom's Cabin is being used as a weapon 
 against the United States. Since the end 
 of World War II new translations of the 
 novel have appeared in Russia, Poland, 
 and Bulgaria. In the Middle East an Arabic 
 version made its appearance in 1954, ad- 
 vertised as a picture of the life of the 
 Negro in America. The subtitle Life among 
 the Lowly has been made to have a definite 
 appeal to a class-conscious proletariat. In 
 lands where the lowly know little of Ameri- 
 can life of today, designing dictators can 
 present the pathetic story of Uncle Tom 
 with powerful effect upon those who still 
 remember the sting of the knout of Czarist 
 days in Holy Russia. 
 
 Alma M. Bevis 
 
 The Mayflower: Or, Sketches of Scenes 
 and Characters among the Descendants 
 of the Pilgrims, New York, 1843. 
 
 Uncle Tom's Cabin; Or, Life among the 
 Lowly, Boston, 1852. 
 
 A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin . . . , Boston, 
 1853. 
 
 Uncle Sam's Emancipation . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1853. 
 
 Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands, 2 vols., 
 Boston, 1854. 
 
 The Christian Slave. A Drama Founded on 
 a Portion of Uncle Tom's Cabin . . . , 
 Boston, 1855. 
 
 Geography for My Children, Boston, 1855. 
 
 The Two Altars; Or, Two Pictures in One, 
 [New York, 1855]. 
 
 Dred; A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp, 
 2 vols., Boston, 1856. 
 
 The Minister's Wooing, New York, 1859. 
 
 Agnes of Sorrento, Boston, 1862. 
 
 The Pearl of Orr's Island . . . , Boston, 
 1862. 
 
 Little Foxes, Boston, 1866. 
 
 House and Home Papers, Boston. 1867. 
 
 Queer Little People, Boston, 1867. 
 
 Religious Poems, Boston, 1867. 
 The Chimney-Corner, Boston, 1868. 
 Men of Our Times . . . , Hartford, Conn., 
 
 1868. 
 Oldtown Folks, Boston, 1869. 
 Lady Byron Vindicated . . . , Boston, 1870. 
 My Wife and I . . . , New York, 1871. 
 Pink and White Tyranny. A Society Novel, 
 
 Boston, 1871. 
 Palmetto-Leaves, Boston, 1873. 
 Women in Sacred History . . . , New York, 
 
 1874. 
 We and Our Neighbors . . . , New York, 
 
 [1875]. 
 Betty's Bright Idea . . . , New York, 1876. 
 Footsteps of the Master . . . , New York, 
 
 1877. 
 Poganuc People . . . , New York, [1878]. 
 A Dog's Mission . . . , New York, 1881. 
 
 STRAIN, FRANCES BRUCE (1892- ), 
 educator, born in Milwaukee, Wis., lived in 
 Ohio for about ten years. She was a lec- 
 turer on sex education for the Cleveland 
 Community Chest, 1929-30, and director 
 of sex education for the Cincinnati Social 
 Hygiene Society, 1930-38. She has written 
 a number of books on love and marriage, 
 e.g.. Love at the Threshold . . . , New York, 
 1939. WW 30 
 
 STRAIN, RODNEY (Feb. 14, 1841-1910), 
 was born in London, Madison County, the 
 son of a doctor. After serving in the Civil 
 War, he moved to Logansport, Ind., in 1866. 
 He operated a drugstore, 1866-85, and was 
 a funeral director, 1885-1910. He served 
 as trustee, elder, and clerk of session at 
 First Presbyterian Church. 
 History of the First Presbyterian Church 
 of Logansport . . . , Logansport, 1898. 
 
 STRANATHAN, MAY (Dec. 12, 1865-Iuly 
 29, 1952), was born near Cumberland, 
 Guernsey County, and spent most of her 
 life in that community. She was a reporter 
 for the Pittsburgh Dispatch for about ten 
 years and for the Honolulu Advertiser for 
 two. She published a short novel with an 
 Ohio background: The Huff Case, Boston, 
 [1912]. 
 
 STRATTON, CLARENCE (Sept. 17, 1880- 
 Sept. 13, 1951), educator, born in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa., was director of English in the 
 Cleveland high schools. 1921-46. After his 
 retirement he continued to live in Cleve- 
 land. He died at Boothbay Harbor, Maine. 
 He published a number of English text- 
 books and several adventure novels, e.g., 
 Swords and Statues . . . , Philadelphia, 
 [1937]. WWW 3 
 
609 
 
 Strong, A. H. 
 
 STRATTON, JENNIE M. (?-?), was born 
 near Salem. Columbiana County. She came 
 to Cleveland in 1879 and was active as a 
 mission worker, temperance advocate, and 
 writer of juvenile stories. 
 Kitty's Jewels, Cleveland, 1890. 
 Cecil's Crown, Cleveland, 1891. 
 
 STRAUCH, ADOLPHUS (Aug. 30. 1822- 
 April 25, 1883), was born in Eikersdorf, 
 Silesia. He was trained at Botanical Gardens. 
 London, and after coming to Cincinnati 
 he landscaped several large estates; but his 
 major work was at Spring Grove Cemetery, 
 where he became superintendent in 1860. 
 Spring Grove Cemetery: Its History and 
 Improvements . . . , Cincinnati, 1869. 
 
 STRAUSS, JOSEPH BAERMANN (Jan. 9. 
 1870-May 16, 1938), engineer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, the son of a 
 portrait painter. He graduated from the 
 University of Cincinnati in 1892 with a 
 degree in engineering. He was associated 
 with various Chicago engineering firms. 
 Widely known for designing the Golden 
 Gate Bridge, San Francisco, he also origi- 
 nated improvements in bascule bridges. He 
 died in Los Angeles. Besides writing a tech- 
 nical work on bascule bridges, he contributed 
 poems and essays to various periodicals; a 
 collection of his writings was published: 
 By-Products of Idle Hours, [Chicago, 1921]. 
 DAB 22 
 
 STRAUSS, MOSES (Nov. 9, 1872-July 14, 
 1938), journalist, born in Keokuk, Iowa, 
 was educated in Cincinnati. He worked on 
 several Cincinnati newspapers and was man- 
 aging editor, Cincinnati Times-Star, 1923— 
 37. His writings include a pamphlet. What's 
 the News?, [New York], 1928. WWW 1 
 
 STREATOR, MARTIN LYMAN (Nov. 12, 
 1843-July 22, 1926), clergyman, was born 
 in Pennsylvania. He lived in Cleveland for 
 a number of years, serving as a minister of 
 the Christian Church. His death occurred 
 in Cleveland. 
 
 The Anglo-American Alliance in Prophecy 
 . . . , New Haven, Conn., 1900. 
 
 STREET, ELWOOD VICKERS (Nov. 23, 
 1890- ), social worker, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He worked 
 on the Cleveland Leader, 1907-13, and 
 graduated from Western Reserve University 
 in 1912. He has served as director of com- 
 munity funds and welfare in various Ameri- 
 can cities. He has published several text- 
 books in social work and Sympathy and 
 System in Giving, Chicago, 1921. WW 30 
 
 STREETER, JOHN WILLIAM (Sept. 17, 
 1841-June 4, 1905), physician, was born 
 in Austinburg. Ashtabula County, the son 
 of a Congregational clergyman. In 1851 the 
 family moved to Henrietta, N. Y., but four 
 years later they returned to Ohio when the 
 father accepted a professorship at Otterbein 
 University. After teaching school in western 
 Indiana for four years, John served with 
 the First Michigan Light Artillery, 1862— 
 65. He studied medicine at the University 
 of Michigan and Hahnemann Medical Col- 
 lege, Chicago, 1865-68. He was a founder 
 of Chicago Homeopathic College in 1877, 
 served on the staffs of several hospitals in 
 Chicago, and in 1888 established Streeter 
 Hospital. He died at his summer home in 
 Lake Forest, 111. He published two novels: 
 Doctor Tom, New York, 1904, and The Fat 
 of the Land . . . , New York, 1904. 
 
 STRICKLAND, WILLIAM PETER (Aug. 17, 
 1809-July 15, 1884), clergyman, born in 
 Pittsburgh, graduated from Ohio University 
 and afterward was an itinerant Meth- 
 odist minister in Ohio for several years. He 
 later was an agent of the American Bible 
 Society. From 1856 until his death he lived 
 in New York City, where he preached and 
 did editorial work. He was a prolific writer 
 of books on religious and historical subjects, 
 e.g., The Genius and Mission of Methodism, 
 Boston, 1851. 
 
 STROHM, ISAAC (Dec. 11, 1810- ? ), born 
 in Pennsylvania, came to Ohio in 1835. 
 He lived in Butler County and in Bath 
 Township, Greene County. He was em- 
 ployed in the U. S. Treasury Department, 
 1850-55, and for a few months was con- 
 fidential clerk of Thomas Corwin (q.v.). 
 He wrote a memoir of Corwin to accom- 
 pany the edition of his speeches. 
 Speeches of Thomas Corwin . . . , Dayton, 
 1859. 
 
 STRONG, ANNA LOUISE (Nov. 8, 1885- 
 ), journalist, born in Friend, Neb., 
 lived in Ohio for a few years during her 
 childhood. She graduated from Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1905. As a representative of vari- 
 ous newspapers and press associations, she 
 visited Russia several times; in 1930 she 
 founded the Moscow Daily News, an Eng- 
 lish-language newspaper. She now lives in 
 Peiping, China. She has written a number 
 of books, e.g., Spain in Arms, New York, 
 [1937]. WW 24 
 
 STRONG, AUGUSTUS HOPKINS (Aug. 3, 
 1836-Nov. 29. 1921), clergyman, born in 
 Rochester, N. Y., was pastor of First Bap- 
 
Strong. E. P. 
 
 610 
 
 tist Church, Cleveland, 1865-72, where John 
 D. Rockefeller (q.v.) was one of his congre- 
 gation. Later, while Strong was working for 
 a Baptist university in New York, he intro- 
 duced Rockefeller to William Rainey Harper 
 (q.v.) and thus indirectly assisted the found- 
 ing of the University of Chicago. He pub- 
 lished several influential theological works 
 and some books for general readers, e.g., The 
 Great Poets and Their Theology, Philadel- 
 phia, 1897. 
 
 STRONG, ELEANOR PAINTER (Sept. 12, 
 1891-Nov. 3, 1947). singer, born in Walker- 
 ville, Iowa, lived in Cleveland from 1931 un- 
 til her death. Between 1913 and 1931 she sang 
 in numerous operas and operettas in Europe 
 and America. Victor Herbert is said to have 
 written Princess Pat for her. She retired after 
 her marriage to Major Charles H. Strong, and 
 after her retirement she was active in Cleve- 
 land musical organizations. Under her maiden 
 name she published a historical novel based 
 on the life of Robert Schumann: Spring Sym- 
 phony, Toronto. [1941]. 
 
 STRONG, GEORGE AUGUSTUS (1832- 
 March 6. 1912). clergyman, was born in Nor- 
 wich, Conn. After graduating from Kenyon 
 College, he worked in a bank for a time. He 
 was prominent in literary circles of Cincinnati 
 and was known throughout Ohio as a humor- 
 ous poet. He attended Virginia Theological 
 Seminary and was ordained as an Episcopal 
 priest. After serving churches in Pennsylvania 
 and Ohio, he was on the Kenyon College 
 faculty, 1868-79. He became rector of Christ 
 Church. New Bedford, Mass., after leaving 
 Kenyon and remained there until retiring 
 from the ministry in 1888. His parody of 
 Longfellow's Hiawatha, which also satirizes 
 hydropathy, was published under the pen 
 name Marc Antony Henderson, Jr. In the 
 second edition (1856), it was renamed The 
 Song of Milkenwatha. 
 The Song of Milgenwater: Translated from 
 
 the Original Feejee, Cincinnati, 1856. 
 Songs of the Pacific . . . , San Francisco, 
 
 1889. 
 
 STRONG, JOSIAH (Jan. 19. 1847-April 28, 
 1916), clergyman, was born in Naperville, 
 111. In 1852 his parents moved to Hudson, 
 where he graduated from Western Reserve 
 College in 1869. After studying at Lane 
 Seminary, he became a Congregational minis- 
 ter in Wyoming in 1871. He served as chap- 
 lain at Western Reserve, 1873-76, was a 
 pastor in Sandusky, 1876-81, was secretary 
 of home mission work in Ohio, Kentucky, 
 and Virginia, 1881-84, and in 1884 be- 
 
 came pastor of a church in Cincinnati. His 
 book Our Country, which demanded that the 
 church concern itself with social problems, 
 made him nationally famous, and he was in 
 great demand as a lecturer. He served as sec- 
 retary of the American Evangelical Alliance, 
 but when it proved too conservative he 
 formed the League for Social Service. He lec- 
 tured on social issues throughout the United 
 States and Europe. An important pioneer in 
 the Social Gospel movement, he was also a 
 zealous supporter of American expansionism; 
 and he is remembered today chiefly for his 
 views on Anglo-Saxon superiority and mani- 
 fest destiny. 
 Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its 
 
 Present Crisis, New York, 1885. 
 The New Era ... , New York, [1893]. 
 The Twentieth Century City, New York, 
 
 [1898]. 
 Expansion under New World Conditions, 
 
 New York, [1900]. 
 Religious Movements for Social Betterment, 
 
 New York, [1900]. 
 The Times and Young Men, New York, 
 
 [1901]. 
 The Next Great Awakening, New York, 
 
 1902. 
 The Challenge of the City, New York, 
 
 [1907]. 
 My Religion in Eveiyday Life, New York, 
 
 1910. 
 Our World, 2 vols., New York, 1913-15. 
 
 STRONG, SIDNEY DIX (Jan. 25, 1860- 
 Dec. 30. 1938), clergyman, was born in 
 Seville. Medina County. He graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1881 and from the semi- 
 nary in 1884. He later served as a pastor 
 in Ohio, Illinois, Washington, and Austral- 
 ia. 1887-1922. He was an associate editor 
 of Unity and correspondent for the Mel- 
 bourne Age. Besides the titles below, he 
 published sermons and edited several an- 
 thologies. 
 The Child in the Midst . . . , Chicago, 
 
 [1896]. 
 Talks to Boys and Girls . . . , Chicago, 
 
 1902. 
 The Cradle Child; Or, an Epic of the Life 
 
 of God . . . , Seattle, [1912]. 
 
 STUART, GORDON. Pseud. See Harry L. 
 
 Sayler. 
 
 STUART, GRAHAM HENRY (Jan. 27, 1887- 
 ), educator, was born in Cleveland. 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from West- 
 ern Reserve University in 1908 and the 
 University of Wisconsin (Ph.D.) in 1918. 
 He was professor of political science, Stan- 
 
611 
 
 Sullivant, J. 
 
 ford University, 1924-52. He wrote a num- 
 ber of books on diplomacy and foreign 
 policy, e.g., American Diplomatic and Con- 
 sular Practice, New York, [1936]. WW 30 
 
 STUCKENBERG, JOHN HENRY WIL- 
 BRANDT (Jan. 6, 1835-May 28. 1903), 
 clergyman and educator, was born in Han- 
 over, Germany, but was brought to Amer- 
 ica when he was four years old. He grew 
 up in Pittsburgh and Cincinnati and grad- 
 uated from Wittenberg College in 1857. 
 After studying theology there for an addi- 
 tional year, he was ordained to the Lutheran 
 ministry. He served churches in Davenport, 
 Iowa, and Pittsburgh, and in Europe. He 
 was on the faculty of Wittenberg College, 
 teaching theology and sociology, 1873-80. 
 He made numerous trips to Germany, his 
 longest stay being fourteen years as pastor 
 of the American Church in Berlin, 1880- 
 94. A pioneer in the idea of a Social Gospel, 
 he also specialized in international law 
 and the need for peace among nations. His 
 social thinking is summed up in his state- 
 ment, "The church must be the embodi- 
 ment of the social principles and practices 
 of the New Testament." A prolific writer, 
 he produced many articles and books, in- 
 cluding the first biography of Immanuel 
 Kant in English: The Life of Immanuel 
 Kant, London, 1882. His most significant 
 work was Sociology, the Science of Human 
 Society, 2 vols., New York, 1903. 
 
 STUDER, JACOB HENRY (Feb. 26, 1840- 
 1904), publisher, was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. After attending Colum- 
 bus schools, he became a printer. In 1872 
 he founded the Board of Trade in Colum- 
 bus. In 1878 he began publishing in Co- 
 lumbus several ornithological works drawn 
 from the texts of established ornithologists. 
 He later moved to New York City, where 
 he published books under the aegis of the 
 so-called Natural Science Association of 
 America, of which he was president. 
 Columbus, Ohio; Its History, Resources and 
 
 Progress, [Columbus, 1873]. 
 Studer's Popular Ornithology . . . , Colum- 
 bus, 1878. 
 The Birds of North America . . . , New 
 York, 1888. 
 
 STUHLDREHER, HARRY A. (Oct. 14, 
 1901- ), was born in Massillon, Stark 
 County. He graduated in 1925 from the 
 University of Notre Dame, where he was 
 one of Knute Rockne's famed "four horse- 
 men." After serving as football coach at 
 Villanova College, 1925-36, and the Uni- 
 
 versity of Wisconsin, 1936-50, he took a 
 position with U. S. Steel Corporation. He 
 wrote a biography of his college coach: 
 Knute Rockne, Man Builder, Philadelphia, 
 [1931]. WW 28 
 
 STURGEON, MRS. CLIFFORD B. (Sept. 
 28, 1907-Feb. 21, 1954), was born in 
 Newark, Licking County. After graduating 
 from Ohio State University in 1929, she 
 did publicity work in Hollywood, Calif., 
 and was an assistant librarian in Newark. 
 She was also treasurer of a ceramic tile 
 company in Huntington Beach, Calif. Un- 
 der her maiden name, Molly E. Corne, she 
 wrote several mystery novels, e.g., Death at 
 the Manor, New York, [1938]. 
 
 STURTEVANT, JULIAN MONSON (July 
 26, 1805-Feb. 11, 1886), educator, born in 
 Warren, Conn., lived in Tallmadge, 1816- 
 
 22, where he attended an academy. After 
 graduating from Yale University, he was 
 on the faculty of Illinois College, Jackson- 
 ville, 1831-85, serving as president, 1844- 
 76. He published addresses, occasionally 
 contributed articles to religious periodicals, 
 and wrote two books. Ten years after his 
 death, his son edited his autobiography: 
 Julian M. Sturtevant. An Autobiography, 
 New York, [1896]. 
 
 SULLIVAN, OSCAR MATTHIAS (Jan. 2, 
 1881-Feb. 16, 1955), lawyer, was born in 
 Canal Fulton, Stark County. He graduated 
 from Ohio State University in 1905, worked 
 on the Ohio State Journal and taught school 
 for a number of years, and graduated from 
 Minnesota College of Law in 1923. He 
 practiced law and served on various gov- 
 ernment agencies until his retirement in 
 1951. He wrote two books on the rehabili- 
 tation of disabled persons and a biographical 
 novel about James J. Hill: The Empire- 
 Builder . . . , New York, [1928]. WWW 3 
 
 SULLIVANT, JOSEPH (Dec. 3, 1809-June 
 
 23, 1882), brother of William S. Sullivant 
 (q.v.), was born in Franklinton, Franklin 
 County. He attended Ohio University and 
 Centre College, Ky. He was one of the 
 founders of the Historical and Philosophical 
 Society of Ohio and for half a century 
 took an active interest in all of the scien- 
 tific and literary enterprises of Columbus. 
 Besides the title below, he published a 
 family history and a catalogue of shells 
 and fossils. 
 
 Historical Sketch Relating to the Original 
 Boundaries and Early Times of Franklin 
 County . . . , Columbus, 1871. 
 
Sullivant, W. S. 
 
 612 
 
 SULLIVANT, WILLIAM STARLING (Jan. 
 15, 1803-April 30, 1873), was born in the 
 small, rough wilderness town of Franklin- 
 ton in the Virginia Military District on 
 the west bend of the Scioto River near its 
 junction with the Olentangy, a region other- 
 wise known as the "Forks of the Scioto." 
 Six years earlier, Lucas Sullivant, William's 
 father and the town's proprietor, had founded 
 Franklinton, and tradition has it that Wil- 
 liam was the first white child born there. 
 A physician was summoned from Cincin- 
 nati to attend Sarah Starling Sullivant, his 
 mother, and his birth took place in the 
 town's first brick home. In 1803, at the 
 first state legislature in Chillicothe, the 
 county of Franklin was created and Frank- 
 linton was made the county seat. One of 
 Lucas' larger ambitions for his town was 
 thereby realized, and during the following 
 years a jail, church, school, courthouse, and 
 other log buildings, together with roads and 
 bridges, were constructed, most of them by 
 him. Another ambition was realized only in 
 part. Four centrally located lots were dedi- 
 cated, at least for a time, "for public Build- 
 ings only, that is, for a State house or 
 Courthouse and as Commons." The home 
 of William's birth was built near there. But 
 a state house was never built because in 
 1812 "the permanent seat" of Ohio's gov- 
 ernment was established by the legislature 
 on "lands, situated on the east bank of the 
 Scioto River, opposite Franklinton." Lucas, 
 with the aid of his newly acquired wealth, 
 joined with Lyne Starling, his brother-in- 
 law, and other members of a syndicate of 
 landowners on the High Bank opposite 
 Franklinton; and a new town, soon called 
 Columbus, became the site of the new state 
 capital. After many years the county seat 
 was transferred to Columbus, which absorbed 
 Franklinton. William's father had been 
 born in Mecklenburg County, Va., but while 
 a young man he had migrated to Washing- 
 ton, Ky., where in the midst of quite an 
 aristocratic community he followed sev- 
 eral occupations, chiefly that of surveyor. 
 His lifelong friend and father-in-law, Colonel 
 William Starling, also migrated with his 
 family from Virginia to a plantation near 
 Harrodsburg, Ky.; and to the care of his 
 grandfather, William at the age of eight or 
 nine was sent for his lower school education. 
 William probably attended for about six 
 years a celebrated private academy main- 
 tained by the prominent educator Samuel 
 Wilson in Jessamine County, where sons 
 of some of the best families of Kentucky 
 received their early education. During the 
 summer of 1818 he may also have attended 
 Transylvania University, and the following 
 
 year he completed at Ohio University his 
 preparation for Yale College, where he 
 registered as a student in Nov., 1819. His 
 journey from Franklinton to New Haven 
 was made by horseback, and only one 
 classmate resided west of the Allegheny 
 Mountains. His courses for the most part 
 were classical rather than scientific, and al- 
 though he planned to take graduate study, 
 he was called home the year of his gradu- 
 ation by the death of his father. He and 
 his two brothers, Michael and Joseph, 
 divided their father's large estate, and for 
 years he was absorbed in his own interests 
 in stage coach, canal, and turnpike com- 
 panies, banks, grain and lumber mills, stone 
 quarries, real estate, and farms. In 1824 
 he married Jane Marshall, daughter of 
 Alexander Keith Marshall of Kentucky, 
 niece of Chief Justice John Marshall; but 
 within a year, delicate in health and still 
 in her teens, she died soon after the birth 
 of their child. Until 1834 he remained a 
 widower and then married Eliza Griscom 
 Wheeler of New York. At this time he 
 built his beautiful home on "Sullivant Hill" 
 west of Franklinton and began to retire 
 from business to devote more time to study- 
 ing the sciences: ornithology, conchology, 
 and, pre-eminently, botany. About 1838 he 
 established a scientific correspondence with 
 America's leading botanists, John Torrey 
 and Asa Gray, and the science of botany 
 which theretofore had been a delightful 
 pastime became a sincere avocation. He 
 and Mrs. Sullivant studied the flowering 
 plants of Ohio, and by 1840 he published 
 A Catalogue of Plants in the Vicinity of 
 Columbus and in 1842 an "Account of 
 Three Undescribed Plants of Central Ohio." 
 Seven years later, he completed for T. G. 
 Lea his Catalogue of Plants Collected in 
 the Vicinity of Cincinnati. A saxifragaceous 
 genus and species, Sullivantia Sullivantii, 
 was named by Asa Gray in honor of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Sullivant's discovery of the plant 
 in Highland County in 1840. When in 1850 
 Mrs. Sullivant died of cholera, a wreath of 
 this plant in flower was carved in marble 
 on her tombstone. He later married his 
 wife's niece, Caroline Sutton, who bore him 
 several children. Unlike Eliza, she was 
 never his co-worker in botany. During 
 1839-40 Sullivant attempted to study fungi 
 and lichens and cryptogamia other than 
 the mosses; but, while grasses and sedges 
 were also objects of interest, he soon made 
 mosses and hepatics his specialties. Writing 
 of his total work on mosses, Gray told 
 Charles Darwin in 1877 that Sullivant had 
 done "for muscology in this country more 
 than one man is likely ever to do again." 
 
613 
 
 Super 
 
 Before the Ohio Academy of Science in 
 1911, Dr. T. C. Mendenhall characterized 
 Sullivant as having become "the foremost 
 authority as a bryologist in this country, 
 without a superior anywhere in the world." 
 Gray regarded Sullivan's exsiccate sets, 
 Musci Alleghanienses (1845), as laying "the 
 foundation for the study of North Ameri- 
 can Muscology" in America. To Gray's 
 famous Manual of the Botany of the North- 
 ern United States, Sullivant contributed the 
 work on mosses and hepatics. Sullivant pre- 
 pared the musci for the botanical work of 
 the United States Exploring Expedition in 
 the South Pacific Islands under Commander 
 Wilkes (1838-42). Other important Ameri- 
 can exploring expeditions chose him for 
 systematic determinations of their moss and 
 hepatic materials: for example, Commodore 
 Perry's expedition to the China Seas and 
 Japan; Charles Wright's collections on the 
 North Pacific Exploring Expedition under 
 Captain Rodgers; Lt. Whipple's explora- 
 tions and surveys near the 35th parallel to 
 determine a railroad route from the Mis- 
 sissippi River to the Pacific Ocean; and 
 the similar explorations in California and 
 Oregon under Lieutenants Williamson and 
 Abbott. Collections of many individual ex- 
 plorers — Wright, Parry, Fendler, Lind- 
 heimer, Spruce, and others — reached Sulli- 
 vant; and he was able to determine the 
 moss species of many interesting floral re- 
 gions: Cuba, northern South America, and 
 a multitude of other localities in the West- 
 ern Hemisphere. State geological surveys 
 sent collections: for instance, M. A. Curtis 
 from the North Carolina survey and D. D. 
 Owen and C. C. Parry from their survey in 
 Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska. 
 Sullivant's work was recognized abroad. 
 Abundant exchanges of plant specimens with 
 leading bryologists and botanists there en- 
 hanced the value and extent of his her- 
 barium, all or most of which he bequeathed 
 to Harvard University. This constitutes to- 
 day an important part of the Farlow Her- 
 barium of cryptogamic botany there. He was 
 honored by memberships in Phi Beta Kappa 
 (1823), the Academy of Natural Sciences 
 of Philadelphia (1884), the American Acad- 
 emy of Arts and Sciences (1845), the Ameri- 
 can Philosophical Society (1862), the Na- 
 tional Academy of Sciences (1872), and 
 other scientific societies. Sullivan's greatest 
 work, lcones Muscorum (1864), was illus- 
 trated by 129 copperplates and was received 
 "as a work of art as well as of science" and 
 "the most exquisite of all illustrated bry- 
 ological works." His Supplement to the 
 lcones Muscorum (1874) and his Manual 
 of the Mosses of North America (1895) 
 
 were published posthumously, the former 
 completed by Leo Lesquereux (q.v.) and 
 the latter published under the names of 
 Lesquereux and Thomas P. James. 
 
 Andrew D. Rodgers, III 
 
 SUMMERBELL, NICHOLAS (March 8, 
 1816-Jan. 4, 1889), clergyman, was born 
 in Westchester, N. Y. After working as a 
 tailor in New York City, he studied for 
 the ministry and was ordained in the Chris- 
 tian Church in 1839. In 1850 he moved to 
 Cincinnati, where he served as pastor of 
 the First Christian Church. He was later a 
 pastor in Dayton and served in other pulpits 
 in the area. He edited the autobiography 
 of Elder Matthew Gardner (q.v.) and is said 
 to have written a large number of religious 
 tracts, copies of which have not been found. 
 He died in Yellow Springs. 
 Discussion on the Trinity . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1855. 
 Some Notes of the Life and Some of the 
 Writings of Nicholas Summerbell, Day- 
 ton, 1900. 
 
 SUMNER, CLARENCE WESLEY (May 2, 
 1885-Nov. 21, 1952), librarian, born in 
 Noblesville, Ind., was librarian, Youngs- 
 town Public Library, 1926-45, and after 
 his retirement lived at Perrysburg. He pub- 
 lished several books on education and chil- 
 dren, e.g., The Birthright of Babyhood, New 
 York, 1936. WW 27 
 
 SUPER, CHARLES WILLIAM (Sept. 12, 
 1842-Oct. 9, 1939), educator, was born in 
 Pottsville, Pa. He graduated from Dickin- 
 son College in 1866 and studied at Tubingen, 
 Germany. From 1872 to 1878 he was pro- 
 fessor of languages at Cincinnati Wesleyan 
 College. After a year of reading law, he 
 went to Ohio University as professor of 
 Greek and German. In 1883 he was ap- 
 pointed president, and he served until 1901. 
 In addition to his books, he wrote nu- 
 merous articles and monographs. 
 A History of the German Language, Co- 
 lumbus, 1893. 
 Wisdom and Will in Education, Harrisburg, 
 
 Pa., 1902. 
 A Liberal Education . . . , Syracuse, N. Y., 
 
 1907. 
 German Idealism and Prussian Militarism, 
 
 New York, 1916. 
 Pan-Prussianism, Its Methods and Its Fruits, 
 
 New York, 1918. 
 A Study of a Rural Community, Oberlin, 
 
 1922. 
 A Pioneer College and Its Background 
 
 [Dickinson], Salem, Mass., 1923. 
 
Suplee 
 
 614 
 
 A Pioneer College and Its Background 
 
 [Ohio University], Salem, Mass., 1924. 
 Salt and Potatoes, Salem, Mass., 1927. 
 
 SUPLEE, THOMAS DANLY (April 17, 
 1846-May 2, 1928), Episcopal priest, born 
 in Philadelphia, Pa., was headmaster of 
 Harcourt School, Gambier, 1882-85. He 
 published a collection of poems and a 
 biography: The Life of Theodorick Bland 
 Pryor . . . , San Francisco, 1879. 
 
 SUTTON, ADAH LOUISE. See Adah L. S. 
 Saalfield. 
 
 SUTTON, JOSEPH JACKSON (June 17, 
 1842-Dec. 30, 1922), was born in Law- 
 rence County, where he attended the com- 
 mon schools. He served four months in 
 the 87th O.V.I, and later served in the 
 2nd West Virginia Cavalry, March, 1863— 
 June, 1865. After the Civil War he was 
 in the lumber business in Portsmouth, West 
 Virginia, and North Carolina. He died in 
 Dayton. 
 
 History of the Second Regiment West Vir- 
 ginia Volunteers . . . , Portsmouth, 1892. 
 
 SWANDER, JOHN I. (May 3, 1833-Jan. 9, 
 1925), clergyman and educator, born in 
 Hope, N. J., graduated from Heidelberg 
 Seminary in 1859 and afterward served 
 churches in Dayton, Chillicothe, Lancaster, 
 Springfield, and Fremont. He was on the 
 Heidelberg faculty, 1888-1904. Besides the 
 books listed below, several of which are in 
 verse, he published a family history and 
 many sermons and addresses. 
 
 The Substantial Philosophy . . . , New York, 
 [1886]. 
 
 The Reformed Church. A Sketch of Its His- 
 tory . . . , Dayton, [1889]. 
 
 The Invisible World . . . , Dayton, 1891. 
 
 The Evolution of Religion, Philadelphia, 
 1906. 
 
 The Divinity of Our Lord . . . , Cleveland, 
 1907. 
 
 The Mercersburg Theology . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1909. 
 
 Autobiography . . . , Philadelphia, 1911. 
 
 Romance in Religion, Tiffin, 1915. 
 
 Dr. Swander's Farewell Address, Tiffin, 
 1916. 
 
 The Catholic Church, Tiffin, 1917. 
 
 The Christian Life Triumphant in All Saints 
 . . . , Tiffin, 1918. 
 
 The Great Apostasy, Tiffin, 1918. 
 
 The Blindness and the Blunders of Modern 
 Infidelity, Tiffin, 1919. 
 
 The Evolution of a Farmer Boy . . . , 
 Tiffin, 1919. 
 
 SWARTWOUT, ANNIE FERN CAMPBELL 
 
 (June 5, 1888- ), was born in Darke 
 County. She is a niece of Annie Oakley and 
 traveled with her for many years. When her 
 aunt died, she wrote a syndicated news story 
 about her. Much later, she published a 
 book about her famous relative: Missie, an 
 Historical Biography of Annie Oakley, 
 Blanchester, 1947. 
 
 SWARTZ, JOEL (Aug. 18, 1827-1914), cler- 
 gyman, born in Shenandoah County, Va., 
 graduated from Capital Seminary in 1854. 
 He held Lutheran pastorates in Ohio and 
 was on the Wittenberg College faculty, 
 1865-68. He published several volumes of 
 poetry, e.g., Dreamings of the Waking 
 Heart, with Other Poems, Harrisburg, Pa., 
 1877. 
 
 SWEET, WILLIAM WARREN (Feb. 15, 
 1881-Jan. 3, 1958), educator, born in Bald- 
 win, Kans., graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1902 and later served on the 
 faculty, 1911-13. An authority on religious 
 movements in America, he served on the 
 University of Chicago faculty, 1927-46, and 
 published numerous articles and several 
 books, e.g., Circuit-Rider Days in Indiana, 
 Indianapolis, 1916. WWW 3 
 
 SWIFT, EDGAR JAMES (July 24, 1860- 
 Aug. 30, 1932), educator, was born in 
 Ravenna, Portage County. He graduated 
 from Amherst College in 1886, studied in 
 Europe, and obtained his Ph.D. degree 
 from Clark University in 1903. He was in 
 the psychology department of Washington 
 University, 1903-32. His writings include 
 psychology textbooks, articles, and Mind in 
 the Making . . . , New York, 1908. WWW 1 
 
 SWIGART, FRANK (1840-1912), was born 
 in Ohio but spent his life in Indiana, where 
 his parents moved when he was two years 
 old. He served in the Civil War with the 
 46th Indiana Volunteers and later wrote 
 the history of his regiment. He also wrote 
 Mary Lawson, Boston, [1909]. IATB 
 
 SWIGGETT, HOWARD (Nov. 17, 1892- 
 March 7, 1957), businessman and writer, 
 was born in Ripley, Brown County. He 
 graduated from Yale University in 1914 
 and served on the Italian front in World 
 War I. He left business in 1940 to join 
 the British Supply Mission. Besides adven- 
 ture novels and historical works, he wrote 
 three novels about big business, the last of 
 which was published posthumously: The 
 Durable Fire, Boston, 1957. 
 
615 
 
 Swisher 
 
 SWINEFORD, ALFRED P. (Sept. 14, 1836- 
 1909), journalist, was born in Ashland, 
 Ashland County. At the age of fifteen he 
 was an apprentice printer on the Ashland 
 Union, and in 1853 he went to Fond du 
 Lac, Wis. He worked on various news- 
 papers in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michi- 
 gan. He served as governor of Alaska, 1885- 
 89. His death occurred in Alaska. 
 Swineford's History of the Lake Superior 
 
 Iron District . . . , Marquette. 1871. 
 Alaska — Its History, Climate and Natural 
 
 Resources, Chicago, [1898]. 
 
 SWING, ALBERT TEMPLE (Jan. 18, 1849- 
 Sept. 21, 1925), theologian, father of Ray- 
 mond Gram Swing (q.v.), was born in 
 Bethel, Clermont County. He graduated 
 from Oberlin College in 1874 and Yale 
 Divinity School in 1877 and was ordained 
 to the Congregational ministry in 1878. 
 After serving several pastorates, he was 
 on the faculty of Oberlin Seminary. 1893- 
 1916. He wrote several biographies and 
 historical works relative to church his- 
 tory, e.g.. Outline of the Doctrinal Devel- 
 opment of the Western Church . . . , Ober- 
 lin, 1904. WWW 1 
 
 SWING, DAVID (Aug. 23. 1830-Oct. 3. 
 1894), clergyman, was born in Cincinnati. 
 Hamilton County, the son of a river pilot 
 who died of cholera in 1832. His mother 
 married James Hageman, a blacksmith, and 
 David grew up on a farm near Williams- 
 burg. Clermont County. He graduated from 
 Miami University in 1852 and taught Latin 
 and Greek and served as principal of the 
 preparatory department, 1853-66. While at 
 Miami he had studied theology and had 
 supplied nearby Presbyterian churches. In 
 1866 he accepted a call to Chicago. His 
 sermons were widely reprinted and attracted 
 numerous readers. In 1874 Francis L. Pat- 
 ton, a theological professor, accused him 
 of heresy before the Chicago Presbytery. 
 Although the case, which attracted national 
 attention, ended in the verdict "not proved," 
 he resigned his pulpit in 1875. In the same 
 year the nondenominational Central Church 
 was established, and here he preached to 
 large crowds until his death. His sermons 
 were published separately and in several 
 collections. He was also in great demand 
 as a public speaker, and several addresses 
 were published separately in pamphlet form. 
 Motives of Life, Chicago. 1879. 
 Club Essays, Chicago. 1881. 
 Address to the New Generation .... Rock- 
 ford. 111., [1888]. 
 Art, Music and Nature .... Chicago, 1893. 
 
 Old Picture of Life, 2 vols., Chicago, 1894. 
 
 Thoughts That Will Live . . . , Chicago, 
 1895. 
 
 Truths Leaf by Leaf . . . , Chicago, 1905. 
 
 The Message of David Swing to His Gen- 
 eration; Addresses and Papers .... Chi- 
 cago, [1913]. 
 
 SWING, RAYMOND GRAM (March 25, 
 1887- ), news analyst, son of Albert 
 Temple Swing (q.v.), was born in Cortland, 
 N. Y., where his father served as a Con- 
 gregational minister for one year. He spent 
 much of his boyhood in Oberlin and was 
 educated at Oberlin College. He began 
 newspaper work in Cleveland and later 
 served as Berlin and London correspondent 
 of several American newspapers. In the 
 1930s he became a well-known news com- 
 mentator over leading broadcasting systems 
 and also contributed many articles to Ameri- 
 can and English magazines. He now lives 
 in Jamaica. B. W. I. His writings include 
 Forerunners of American Fascism, [New 
 York, 1935]. WW 29 
 
 SWINGLE, EMMA FRANCES (Dec. 20, 
 
 1865-March 15, 1916), was born on a 
 farm near Cannelville. Muskingum County. 
 She worked as a railway telegrapher. Her 
 death occurred in Cleveland, and she is 
 buried in Zanesville. 
 Muskingum Melodies, Columbus, 1897. 
 
 SWISHER, JAMES (June 6, 1849-May 7. 
 1924), was born near Cable, Champaign 
 County. He was reared on the family farm 
 and was educated in country schools. When 
 he was thirteen, he ran away to Columbus 
 and enlisted in the 66th O.V.I. ; his father 
 discovered him and took him home. The 
 following year he enlisted under the name 
 of James Jackson; he served throughout the 
 war and rose to a first lieutenancy. After 
 the war he entered Ohio Wesleyan Univer- 
 sity. After teaching in a country school for 
 one term, he went to Mexico, where his 
 uncle held a mining concession. When the 
 concession was not renewed, Swisher walked 
 1.500 miles to Stockton, Calif. He worked 
 for three years in Carson City, Nev., as 
 a sawmill hand, after which he was ap- 
 pointed a government surveyor, working 
 in Texas and Utah. His adventures up to 
 1880 are covered fully in his only book. 
 After returning to Champaign County in 
 December of 1878, he again taught school 
 and served as a surveyor and as city engineer 
 of Urbana. 
 
 How I Know; Or, Sixteen Years' Eventful 
 Experience . . . , Cincinnati, 1880. 
 
Swoyer 
 
 616 
 
 SWOYER, GROVER ELMER (July 28, 
 1886- ), clergyman, was born in Ash- 
 ville, Pickaway County. After graduating 
 from Wittenberg College in 1913 and Chi- 
 cago Theological Seminary in 1917, he 
 served Lutheran churches in various Ohio 
 and Pennsylvania cities until his retirement 
 in 1958. He has published The Saving Pres- 
 ence, Grand Rapids, Mich., [1940]. RLA 2 
 
 SYLVESTER, JANET HART. See Janet Hart 
 Diebold. 
 
 SYMMES, AMERICUS (Nov. 2. 1811-1897), 
 son of John Cleves Symmes (q.v.), was 
 born in Bellefontaine, Mo. He lived for 
 some years near Hamilton, but spent most 
 of his life as a farmer and iron founder in 
 Louisville, Ky. His book supports his father's 
 theory of a hollow earth with openings at 
 the poles. 
 
 The Symmes Theory of Concentric Spheres, 
 Demonstrating That the Earth Is Hollow, 
 Habitable Within, and Widely Open 
 about the Poles, Louisville, Ky., 1879. 
 
 SYMMES, JOHN CLEVES (Nov. 5, 1780- 
 May 28, 1829), nephew of Judge John C. 
 
 Symmes of Cincinnati, was born in Sussex 
 County, N. J. He served in the War of 1812 
 and sometime before 1818 conceived the 
 idea which was an overriding obsession 
 throughout the rest of his life. It was an- 
 nounced in the first broadside listed below, 
 which began "I declare the earth is hollow, 
 and habitable within, containing a number of 
 solid concentrick spheres, one within the 
 other, and that it is open at the poles 12 or 
 16 degrees. . . ." He lectured on his theory, 
 published other proclamations besides those 
 listed below, and petitioned Congress in 
 1822 and 1823 and the Ohio General Assem- 
 bly in 1824, suggesting an expedition to in- 
 vestigate his claims. Although his mono- 
 mania made Symmes a target of satire in 
 Cincinnati and elsewhere, he was taken seri- 
 ously by James McBride, Jeremiah N. 
 Reynolds, and Americus Symmes (qq.v.), 
 all of whom wrote on the Symmes hy- 
 pothesis. Captain Symmes died in Hamilton 
 and was buried in Ludlow Park there be- 
 neath a monument bearing a hollow globe. 
 To All the World! . . . , [St. Louis, Mo., 
 
 1818]. 
 Arctic Memoir, Cincinnati, 1819. 
 
 T 
 
 TACKENBERG, CHARLES WILLIAM (Feb. 
 1, 1877-Aug. 9, 1948), educator, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, and spent his 
 life in that city. He taught in Cincinnati 
 schools, 1894-1938. He wrote poems, some 
 of which were collected in Children of Phan- 
 tasy, and also wrote plays for performance 
 by students. 
 
 Children of Phantasy, Cincinnati, 1899. 
 Bound for the Devil, [Cincinnati?, 1925]. 
 
 TAELSCH, CARL FREDERICK (Jan. 20, 
 1889- ), educator, was born in Wapako- 
 neta, Auglaize County. After attending Uni- 
 versity of Wooster for two years, he taught 
 school in California, 1909-11, before com- 
 pleting his undergraduate training at Prince- 
 ton University in 1914. He completed his 
 doctorate at Harvard University in 1920. He 
 taught philosophy and ethics at several uni- 
 versities, including Harvard, 1927-35, and 
 served in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
 1935-45. Besides professional articles and re- 
 views, he has published Professional and 
 Business Ethics, New York, 1926. WW 30 
 
 TAFEL, GUSTAV (Oct. 13, 1830-Nov. 12, 
 1908), lawyer, was born in Munich, Bavaria. 
 
 He came to Cincinnati in 1847, and the next 
 year he was one of the founders of the Turn- 
 verein, the first German gymnastic association 
 in the United States. He learned the printing 
 trade in the office of the Cincinnati Gazette, 
 and in 1855 he became city editor of the 
 Volksblatt. After studying law with Judge 
 Stallo, he was admitted to the bar in 1858. 
 During the Civil War he served in the 9th 
 O.V.I, and the 106th O.V.I. He helped com- 
 pile the volume below and wrote its intro- 
 duction. After the war he practiced law in 
 Cincinnati and took an active part in local 
 politics. He served as mayor of the city, 
 1 897-99. 
 
 "Die Neuner." Eine Schilderung der Kriegs- 
 jahre des 9ten Regiments Ohio Vol. Infan- 
 terie vom 17, April, 1861, bis 7, Juni, 
 1864. Mit Einer Einleitung von Oberst 
 Gustav Tafel. Cincinnati, 1897. 
 
 TAFT, CHARLES PHELPS (Sept. 20, 1897- 
 ), son of William Howard Taft and 
 Helen Herron Taft (qq.v.), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1918 and from the Yale 
 Law School in 1921. Since his admission to 
 the Ohio bar in 1922, he has practiced in 
 
617 
 
 Talbert 
 
 Cincinnati and has been active in the civic 
 affairs of that city, serving on the council 
 and as mayor. He has written several books 
 on political matters, e.g., You and 1 — and 
 Roosevelt, New York, [1936]. WW 30 
 
 TAFT, HELEN HERRON (1861-May 22, 
 1943), wife of William Howard Taft and 
 mother of Robert A. and Charles P. Taft 
 (qq.v.), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. She married William H. Taft, then a 
 young Cincinnati lawyer, on June 19, 1886. 
 She died in Washington, D. C, at the age of 
 82. Her four years as mistress of the White 
 House are described in her Recollections of 
 Full Years, New York, 1914. 
 
 TAFT, HENRY WATERS (May 27, 1859- 
 Aug. 11, 1945), lawyer, brother of Horace 
 D. and William H. Taft (qq.v.), was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After grad- 
 uating from Yale University in 1880, he 
 studied law and was admitted to the bar in 
 1882; he practiced in New York City. He 
 published several books, e.g., Japan and 
 America . . . , New York, 1932. WWW 2 
 
 TAFT, HORACE DUTTON (Dec. 28, 1861- 
 Jan. 28, 1943), lawyer and educator, 
 brother of William H. and Henry W. Taft 
 (qq.v.), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. After graduating from Yale Univer- 
 sity in 1883, he studied at Cincinnati Law 
 School and was admitted to the bar in 1885. 
 He spent three years as a tutor at Yale and 
 founded Taft School, Watertown, Conn., 
 where he served as headmaster until his re- 
 tirement in 1936. He died in Watertown. He 
 wrote his autobiography: Memories and 
 Opinions, New York, 1942. WWW 2 
 
 TAFT, ROBERT ALPHONSO (Sept. 8, 
 1889-July 31, 1953), U. S. Senator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, the elder 
 brother of Charles P. Taft (q.v.). He gradu- 
 ated from Yale University in 1910 and from 
 Harvard Law School in 1913. After being 
 admitted to the Ohio bar in 1913, he prac- 
 ticed in Cincinnati and took an increasingly 
 active interest in politics. He served in the 
 Ohio House, 1921-26, in the Ohio Senate, 
 1931-32, and in the U. S. Senate, 1939-53. 
 Regarded as the spokesman for conservative, 
 though flexible, elements of his party, he was 
 known to millions as "Mr. Republican." He 
 published A Republican Program; Speeches 
 and Broadcasts, [Cleveland], 1939. WWW 3 
 
 TAFT, WILLIAM HOWARD (Sept. 15, 
 1857-March 8, 1930), 27th President of the 
 United States and Chief Justice of the U. S. 
 Supreme Court, was born in Cincinnati, Ham- 
 
 ilton County, the son of Judge Alphonso 
 Taft. After attending Woodward High 
 School, he graduated from Yale University 
 in 1878 and from Cincinnati Law School in 
 1880. He practiced in Cincinnati and be- 
 gan at once to take an active part in Re- 
 publican politics. He served on the Ohio 
 superior court, 1887-90, was solicitor gen- 
 eral of the United States, 1890-92. and 
 judge of the Federal circuit court, 1 892— 
 1900; he was appointed president of the 
 Philippine Commission in 1900, and served 
 as governor-general of the Philippines, 
 1901-04. He was Theodore Roosevelt's 
 Secretary of War, 1904-09. His election to 
 the Presidency and his later break with 
 Roosevelt are well known. After leaving 
 the White House, he taught at Yale Law 
 School, 1913-21, and served as Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Supreme Court, 1921-30. Of a 
 reflective and judicial turn of mind, he 
 unquestionably was happier on the bench 
 than in the political arena. Many of his 
 addresses, Presidential messages, and legal 
 opinions were published; his other books 
 consist chiefly of revised lectures, e.g., Four 
 Aspects of Civic Dutv, New York, 1906. 
 DAB 18 
 
 TAIT, JOHN ROBINSON (Jan. 14, 1834- 
 July 29, 1909), artist, was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. After graduating 
 from Bethany College in 1852, he went 
 to Europe, where he remained three years, 
 devoting himself to literature and paint- 
 ing. He seems to have abandoned the pen 
 in favor of the brush following the ap- 
 pearance of his first books in 1859. He 
 lived in Diisseldorf until 1871, studying 
 under August Weber and Andreas Achen- 
 bach. He later studied in Munich. Upon 
 his return to the United States he lived in 
 Baltimore. He designed the Art Hall at 
 the second Cincinnati exposition. His paint- 
 ings were displayed in various cities of the 
 United States. He died in Baltimore, Md. 
 Dolce Far Niente, Philadelphia, 1859. 
 European Life, Legend and Landscape, Phil- 
 adelphia, 1859. 
 
 TALBERT, ERNEST LYNN (Aug. 19, 1879- 
 ), educator, was born in West Elk- 
 ton, Preble County. He graduated from 
 Butler College and from the University of 
 Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1909. He was a mem- 
 ber of the University of Cincinnati phi- 
 losophy faculty, 1914-44, and since his 
 retirement has continued to reside in Cin- 
 cinnati. Among his publications is Oppor- 
 tunities in School and Industry for Chil- 
 dren of the Stockyard District, Chicago, 
 1912. DAS 2 
 
Tallant 
 
 618 
 
 TALLANT, EDITH (May 9, 1881-June 21, 
 1957), was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. She graduated from Vassar College 
 in 1905 and was, until her retirement in 
 1941, an English teacher in South High 
 School, Columbus. She wrote three books 
 of juvenile fiction, e.g., Danny and Prue, 
 New York, [1938]. 
 
 TAMAS, ISTVAN (Aug. 8, 1907- ), jour- 
 nalist, was born in Pecsvarad, Hungary. 
 He came to the United States in 1938 and 
 to Cleveland in 1943. He studied at the 
 Sorbonne in Paris and was a journalist and 
 an author in Budapest before coming to 
 the United States. He is now foreign news 
 and book editor of a Hungarian newspaper, 
 Szabadsdg (Liberty), published in Cleve- 
 land. His writings include The Adventures 
 of John Hdry, Hungarian Hussar, (Gwen 
 Harrison, trans.), Budapest, [1939]. 
 
 TANEYHILL, RICHARD N. (1822-Nov. 29, 
 1898), lawyer, was born in Maryland and 
 came with his parents to Barnesville, Bel- 
 mont County, in 1832. After reading law 
 he practiced in Barnesville and made the 
 study of local history and archaeology his 
 avocation. Many articles which he con- 
 tributed to the Barnesville Enterprise under 
 the pen name R. King Bennett were col- 
 lected and published as History of Barnes- 
 ville, Ohio. The Leatherwood God, his ac- 
 count of the religious imposter, Joseph C. 
 Dylks, first appeared in Number Seven of 
 the Ohio Valley Historical Series and was 
 later published as a book by Robert Clarke 
 (q.v.). In the Nation, it was declared to be 
 "one of the most extraordinary narratives 
 of religious fanaticism we have ever met 
 with," it was dealt with at length in a 
 favorable review in the London Saturday 
 Review, and William Dean Howells used 
 the book as the basis for his novel of the 
 same name. Taneyhill died in Barnesville. 
 The Leatherwood God. An Account of the 
 Appearance and Pretensions of Joseph 
 C. Dylks in Eastern Ohio in 1828, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1870. 
 History of Barnesville, Ohio, Barnesville, 
 [1899]. 
 
 TANGENT, PATRICK QUINN. Pseud. See 
 George H. Phelps. 
 
 TANNEHILL, IVAN RAY (March 13, 1890- 
 May 2, 1959), meteorologist, was born in 
 McConnelsville, Morgan County. He grad- 
 uated from Denison University in 1912. He 
 served in the U. S. Weather Bureau, 1914— 
 54, and was chief of the bureau when he 
 retired. He wrote many articles and govern- 
 
 ment pamphlets and a book, Hurricanes: 
 Their Nature and History . . . , Princeton, 
 [N. J.], 1938. 
 
 TARSHISH, JACOR (Dec. 8, 1892- ). 
 rabbi, was born in Lithuania but was brought 
 to the United States while he was still a 
 small child. He graduated from the Univer- 
 sity of Cincinnati in 1914 and from Hebrew 
 Union College in 1915. He has served as 
 rabbi of congregations in several cities, in- 
 cluding Columbus, 1922-33. He now lives 
 in White Plains, N. Y. He has lectured 
 widely and for some years conducted a radio 
 program on which he was known as The 
 Lamplighter. His writings include Judaism 
 and Socialism, [Cincinnati, 193-?]. WW 28 
 
 TATE, JANE REVERLIN (Jan. 11, 1922- 
 ), was born in Lima, Allen County. She 
 spent part of her girlhood in Roanoke, Va., 
 and graduated from Harcum Junior Col- 
 lege, Pa. During World War II, she worked 
 in the military intelligence division of the 
 War Department. She now lives in Wash- 
 ington, D. C. Her poems have appeared in 
 many periodicals, and she has published at 
 least three collections, e.g., These Are for 
 You, Portland, Maine, [1949]. 
 
 TAYLOR, ALTA (March 25, 1885-Sept. 4, 
 1954), was born in Windham, Portage 
 County. She worked for many years on the 
 editorial staff of Saalfield Publishing Com- 
 pany, Akron. In 1940 she married James A. 
 Braden (q.v.). She wrote or edited a num- 
 ber of books for children, some of them 
 published under the pen name Althea L. 
 Clinton, e.g., Billy Whiskers in Mischief, 
 Akron, [1926]. 
 
 TAYLOR, ARCHIRALD ALEXANDER 
 EDWARD (Aug. 27, 1834-April 23, 1903), 
 clergyman and educator, was born in Spring- 
 field, Clark County. He attended school in 
 Cincinnati and studied seven years at Prince- 
 ton, graduating from the Theological Semi- 
 nary in 1857. After being licensed by the 
 Presbytery of Cincinnati, he served pas- 
 torates in Kentucky, Iowa, the District of 
 Columbia, and Cincinnati until 1873, when 
 he became president of University of 
 Wooster. During his ten-year administra- 
 tion, he made notable contributions to the 
 development of that institution. From 1888 
 to 1891 he edited Mid-continent, a Presby- 
 terian weekly. From 1892 to 1899 he was 
 pastor of Westminster Presbyterian Church 
 in Columbus and thereafter lived in that 
 city until his death. 
 
 Our Fallen Leader .... Philadelphia, 1865. 
 Claudia Procula and Other Verses, Colum- 
 bus, 1899. 
 
619 
 
 Taylor, James W. 
 
 TAYLOR, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (July 
 19, 1819-Feb. 24, 1887), journalist and 
 poet, born in Lowville, N. Y., spent the 
 last six years of his life in Cleveland. A 
 prolific writer, he published many popular 
 poems on rural themes, which were collected 
 in his Complete Poetical Works . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1886, and also published a great deal 
 of prose, including a novel: Theophilus 
 Trent . . . , Chicago, 1887. 
 
 TAYLOR, CHARLES BOARDMAN (Feb. 6, 
 1846-Aug. 21, 1928), clergyman, was born 
 in Ellsworth. Mahoning County. He served 
 in the 86th O.V.I, for three months in 1862 
 and in the First Heavy Artillery, 1862-65. 
 After the war he attended Marietta College 
 and Lane Seminary; after graduating from 
 the seminary in 1870, he was ordained to 
 the Presbyterian ministry. He taught school 
 in Illinois for six years, after which he 
 served churches in southern Ohio for fifty 
 years. He contributed to a number of news- 
 papers. He died in McArthur. 
 Early History and War Record of Wilkes- 
 
 ville and Salem, Cincinnati, 1874. 
 The Presbytery of Athens, Logan, [1914?]. 
 
 TAYLOR, EDWARD LIVINGSTONE (March 
 20, 1839-May 29, 1910), lawyer, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. He gradu- 
 ated from Miami University in 1860, read 
 law, and was admitted to the bar in 1862. 
 He practiced in Columbus until his retire- 
 ment in 1908. Descendant of a pioneer fam- 
 ily, he was deeply interested in the early 
 history of Ohio and wrote a number of ar- 
 ticles for the Ohio State Archaeological and 
 Historical Quarterly. A few months before 
 his death, he published a collection of his 
 historical essays: Ohio Indians and Other 
 Writings, Columbus, 1909. WWW 1 
 
 TAYLOR, FREDERICK WILLIAM (Jan. 11, 
 1853-April 28, 1903), clergyman, was born 
 in Toledo, Lucas County. He graduated 
 from Western Reserve College in 1873 and 
 General Theological Seminary, New York 
 City, in 1876. Ordained to the Episcopal 
 priesthood in 1877, he served churches in 
 Danville and Springfield, 111., and was 
 named bishop in 1901. He died in Wiscon- 
 sin. He wrote several historical and reli- 
 gious articles for periodicals. 
 The Confession of Our Christian Faith 
 . . . , New York, 1883. 
 
 TAYLOR, GEORGE LANSING (Feb. 13, 
 1835— July 26, 1903), clergyman, was born 
 in Skaneateles, N. Y. When he was twelve, 
 his parents brought him to Ohio, where he 
 
 spent his formative years. After attending 
 Ohio Wesleyan University for two years, he 
 transferred to Columbia University, from 
 which he graduated in 1861; the following 
 year he was ordained as a Methodist clergy- 
 man. He published many sermons and ad- 
 dresses in pamphlet form, but is best re- 
 membered in Ohio for his centennial poem, 
 "The Northwest." He died in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y. 
 Elijah, the Reformer, a Ballad-epic and 
 
 Other Sacred and Religious Poems, New 
 
 York, 1885. 
 Ulysses S. Grant: Conqueror, Patriot, Hero; 
 
 An Elegy and Other Poems, New York, 
 
 1885. 
 What Shall We Do with the Sunday-school?, 
 
 New York, 1886. 
 The Progress of Learning, a Poem . . . , 
 
 New York, [1887]. 
 The New Africa: Its Discovery and Destiny, 
 
 New York, 1888. 
 Asters and Golden-rod, and Other Poems, 
 
 New York, [1904]. 
 
 TAYLOR, JAMES WICKES (Nov. 6, 1819- 
 April 28. 1893), lawyer and journalist, was 
 born in Eddytown, N. Y. After graduating 
 from Hamilton College in 1838, he read 
 law with his father; after being admitted 
 to the bar, he moved to Cincinnati in 1842. 
 In 1844 he began practice with Salmon P. 
 Chase (q.v.). He established the Cincin- 
 nati Morning Signal, but the paper expired 
 within a year and he turned to free-lance 
 writing for local papers. In 1847 he pub- 
 lished his first book, The Victim of In- 
 trigue, a novel written to vindicate the rep- 
 utation of Ohio's first Senator, John Smith, 
 who had been unjustly implicated in the 
 Burr conspiracy. In 1850 Taylor became 
 editor of the Sandusky Daily Mirror, and 
 while holding this position he had ample 
 time to use scissors and paste pot to pro- 
 duce his History of Ohio. Judiciously and 
 thoroughly edited, it became a popular 
 school text. He was state librarian from 
 1854 until 1856, when he joined the exodus 
 of Ohio lawyers to the Minnesota Territory, 
 where he opened a law office in St. Paul. 
 When Salmon P. Chase became Secretary 
 of the Treasury in 1861, Taylor was ap- 
 pointed a special agent of the Treasury. 
 President Grant made him U. S. Consul at 
 Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1870 — a post that 
 he held until his death. 
 The Victim of Intrigue — A Tale of Burr's 
 
 Conspiracy, Cincinnati, 1847. 
 History of the State of Ohio. First Period, 
 
 1650-1787, Sandusky, 1854. 
 A Manual of the Ohio School System . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1857. 
 
Taylor, Job 
 
 620 
 
 The Railroad System of Minnesota . . . , 
 St. Paul, 1859. 
 
 Northwest British America and Its Rela- 
 tions to the State of Minnesota, St. Paul, 
 1860. 
 
 The October Election. How Can a Democrat 
 Most Effectually Support the Government 
 and the Union by His Vote?, St. Paul, 
 1861. 
 
 Alleghania: A Geographical and Statistical 
 Memoir . . . , St. Paul, 1862. 
 
 The Sioux War; What Shall We Do with 
 It? The Sioux Indians; What Shall We 
 Do with Them? . . . , St. Paul, 1862. 
 
 Mineral Resources of the United States, 
 (with John R. Browne), Washington, 
 1867. 
 
 Forest and Fruit Culture in Manitoba, Win- 
 nipeg, 1882. 
 
 "A Choice Nook of Memory." The Diary 
 of a Cincinnati Law Clerk, 1842-1844, 
 (James T. Dunn, ed.), Columbus, 1950. 
 
 TAYLOR, JOB (Jan. 2, 1876-Jan. 17, 1936), 
 manufacturer, born in Dudley, England, 
 spent much of his early life in Lima. After 
 attending Lima College, University of 
 Wooster, and Harvard University, he joined 
 the staff of the American Steam Board 
 Company at Lima. He was later an execu- 
 tive of the United Box Board Company. He 
 was associated with several other compa- 
 nies before retiring in 1926. He died in 
 Roanoke Rapids, Va., and is buried in 
 Lima. He wrote an account of labor con- 
 flicts in the Pennsylvania coal mines: 
 Broken Links, Boston, 1908. 
 
 TAYLOR, JOSEPH RUSSELL (July 10. 
 1868-March 30, 1933), educator, was born 
 in Circleville, Pickaway County. After 
 graduating from Ohio State University in 
 1887, he taught drawing and English there 
 from 1889 until his death. He published 
 several books, e.g., Our Dancing Days, Bos- 
 ton, 1922. WWW 1 
 
 TAYLOR, KATHERINE KELLEY (Oct. 29, 
 1889- ), was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 
 hoga County, the daughter of Dr. Samuel 
 W. Kelley (q.v.). She graduated from Bryn 
 Mawr College in 1910 and married William 
 R. Taylor, a Cleveland architect, in 1911. 
 She has published a volume of poetry: The 
 Sea Gull's Daughter and Other Poems, 
 Cleveland, [1937]. 
 
 TAYLOR, LANDON (1812-1885), clergy- 
 man, born in New York State, came with 
 his parents to Scioto County in 1835. He 
 did farm work, taught school, and was a 
 clerk at Franklin Furnace before becoming 
 
 a Methodist preacher. He preached in 
 southern Ohio until 1845, and then went to 
 Iowa, where he preached in various com- 
 munities until 1883, when he returned to 
 Scioto County to live with a son at Wheel- 
 ersburg. The volume listed below is auto- 
 biographical. 
 
 The Battlefield Reviewed . . . , Chicago, 
 1881. 
 
 TAYLOR, MARSHALL WILLIAM (July 1. 
 1846-Sept. 11, 1887), clergyman, born in 
 Lexington, Ky., the son of slave parents, 
 was made pastor of Union Methodist Epis- 
 copal Church, Cincinnati, in 1887; he had 
 previously served as presiding elder of the 
 Ohio District of his church, 1878-83. He 
 published several books, e.g., a biography: 
 The Life, Travels, Labors, and Helpers of 
 Mrs. Amanda Smith . . . , Cincinnati, 1886. 
 
 TAYLOR, MARY ABIGAIL MELLOTT 
 
 (Feb. 3, 1847-? ), educator, was born near 
 Beallsville, Monroe County. Except that she 
 taught in the public schools, no other bio- 
 graphical facts have been discovered. She 
 wrote The Historic Meaning of Prophecy, 
 Cincinnati, 1910. 
 
 TAYLOR, PETER HILLSMAN (1917- ), 
 was born in Trenton, Tenn. After graduat- 
 ing from Kenyon College in 1940 and serv- 
 ing in the army during World War II, he 
 taught at various universities before joining 
 the Kenyon English faculty in 1952. Since 
 1957 he has been on the faculty of Ohio 
 State University. Generally regarded as one 
 of the most skillful young writers, especially 
 in the field of the short story, he has pub- 
 lished four collections in book form, the 
 first being A Long Fourth and Other Stories, 
 New York, [1948], TCA 
 
 TAYLOR, ROBERT EMMETT (July 3, 
 1889-Sept. 3, 1956), educator, born in 
 Piper City, 111., was on the faculty of the 
 University of Cincinnati, 1923-54. Author 
 of several accounting textbooks, he also 
 wrote a biography of a fifteenth-century 
 Franciscan friar: No Royal Road, Luca 
 Pacioli and his Times, Chapel Hill, [N. C], 
 1942. 
 
 TAYLOR, ROBERT STEWART (May 2, 
 1838-Jan. 28, 1918), was born in Ross 
 County. Admitted to the Indiana bar in 
 1860, he practiced in Fort Wayne, Ind. In 
 1881, President Garfield appointed him to 
 the Mississippi River Commission. He be- 
 came known as an authority on the river, 
 and many of his addresses on the subject 
 were published separately. A posthumous 
 
621 
 
 Terry, T. B. 
 
 collection of his writings was published: 
 Mississippi River Improvement; Collected 
 Speeches and Magazine Articles, [n.p., 
 1921?]. 
 
 TAYLOR, STELLA WEILER (Jan 28, 1869- 
 April 1, 1953). was born in Hamilton. But- 
 ler County. She wrote a column for the 
 Hamilton Journal-News, 1931-48. A selec- 
 tion of her columns was published: Rose- 
 mary; A Series of Lavender Scented Mem- 
 ories of Other Days in Hamilton, Hamilton, 
 1940. 
 
 TAYLOR, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (April 
 25, 1837-Aug. 7. 1912), journalist, was 
 born in Perry County. From 1865 to 1910, 
 he worked on various Ohio newspapers; his 
 longest tenure was 25 years with the Cin- 
 cinnati Enquirer. Ohio Statesman and An- 
 nals of Progress was a collaboration with 
 his son. Aubrey C. Taylor, (Jan. 28, 1875- 
 Nov. 26, 1898). 
 Eighteen Presidents and Contemporaneous 
 
 Rulers, Pittsburgh, 1876. 
 Tariff Lessons . . . , Columbus. 1878. 
 The Peril of the Republic, Columbus, 1886. 
 Ohio Statesmen and Annals of Progress 
 
 . . . , Columbus, 1889. 
 Roses and Rue, Buffalo, 1895. 
 Intermere, Columbus. 1901. 
 Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 . . . , 
 
 Columbus, 1901. 
 The Book of Ohio, Toledo. 1902. 
 Evolution of the Statesman, Columbus, 
 
 1905. 
 Centennial History of Columbus and Frank- 
 lin County, Ohio, 2 vols., Chicago, 1909. 
 
 TEAGUE, RUTH MILLS (May 5, 1896- 
 ), born in North Manchester, Ind.. 
 grew up in Columbus and also lived in To- 
 ledo. She graduated from Ohio State Uni- 
 versity in 1918. She now lives in Annan- 
 dale, N. J., and is a regular contributor to 
 the Ladies' Home Journal. Under her maiden 
 name she has published a mystery story: 
 Leading Lady, [New York. 1936]. 
 
 TEAL, ANGELINE GRUEY (Aug. 28. 1842- 
 Sept. 3, 1913), was born on a farm in 
 southern Ohio: when she was three years 
 old, her parents moved to Noble County. 
 Ind., and she spent her life in that state. 
 On Jan. 1. 1866. she married Dr. Norman 
 Teal of Kendallville. Ind.. the community 
 in which she lived thereafter. She published 
 stories and poems in various periodicals. 
 John Thome's Folks .... Boston, 1884. 
 Muriel Howe, New York. 1892. 
 The Rose of Love, New York, 1893. 
 The Speaker of the House, Chicago, [1894]. 
 
 TEETOR, HENRY R. ( ? - ? ), lawyer, began 
 practice in Cincinnati after the Civil War. 
 He was the first mayor of the Cincinnati 
 suburb Wyoming in 1874, and also served 
 as U. S. Gauger. 
 The Past and Present of Mill Creek Valley 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1882. 
 Sketch of the Life and Times of Col. Israel 
 
 Ludlow . . . , Cincinnati, 1885. 
 
 TELLO, MAINLY (1842-April 4, 1905), jour- 
 nalist and lawyer, was born in Porto Santo, 
 Madeira Islands, where his parents, whose 
 home was Brooklyn, N. Y., were visiting. 
 He served in the Confederate Army from 
 1861 to 1863, when he was captured and 
 imprisoned in the North. He came to Cleve- 
 land in 1877, edited the Catholic Universe, 
 1877-93, and practiced law, 1893-1905. 
 Thirty-one years after his death, his daugh- 
 ter published a collection of his writings for 
 private circulation: Once upon a Time; 
 Verses and Stories for Children, [Pitts- 
 burgh, Pa.], 1936. 
 
 TENNEY, LUMAN HARRIS (Oct. 1, 1841- 
 Feb. 10, 1880). was born in North Am- 
 herst, Lorain County. He entered Oberlin 
 College in 1859 but left school in Septem- 
 ber, 1861, to enlist in the Second Ohio Cav- 
 alry. After the war he worked on the con- 
 struction of the Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 taught school, and established a colony of 
 farmers at Glyndon, Minn. His war diary 
 was published posthumously by the family: 
 War Diary of Luman Harris Tenney, 1861- 
 1865, Cleveland, 1914. 
 
 TERRY, MARSHALL ORLANDO (June 21, 
 1848-Oct. 11, 1933), physician, born in 
 Watervliet Center, N. Y., was brought to 
 Plymouth in 1850 and later lived in Ashta- 
 bula. He graduated from Homeopathic 
 Hospital College, Cleveland, in 1872, and 
 practiced there for a short time before mov- 
 ing to Utica, N. Y., where he practiced for 
 many years. He died in California and is 
 buried in Ashtabula. He served in the Span- 
 ish-American War. During World War I, 
 he published a collection of his articles on 
 military medicine: The Soldier's Medical 
 Friend . . . , Norwood, Mass., 1917. DAB 
 18 
 
 TERRY, THEODORE BRAINARD (Jan. 2, 
 1843-Jan. 1, 1916), agriculturist and writer, 
 was born in Lafayette, N. Y., but was edu- 
 cated at Painesville Academy and Western 
 Reserve College. In 1870 he bought a run- 
 down farm at Hudson and operated it suc- 
 cessfully. He lectured widely at farmers' 
 
Teverbaugh 
 
 622 
 
 institutes and was associate editor of Prac- 
 tical Farmer. 
 
 The A B C of Potato Culture . . . , Medina, 
 1885. 
 
 How to Grow Strawberries . . . , Medina, 
 1890. 
 
 Our Farming; Or, How We Have Made a 
 Run-down Farm Bring Forth Both Profit 
 and Pleasure . . . , Philadelphia, 1893. 
 
 How to Keep Well and Live Long, Phila- 
 delphia, [1909]. 
 
 What I Do, See and Hear, with Health 
 Hints . . . , Philadelphia, [n.d.]. 
 
 TEVERBAUGH, SOLOMON. See Joshua H. 
 Horton. 
 
 THATCHER, OLIVER JOSEPH (Nov. 10, 
 1857-Aug. 19, 1937), historian, was born 
 in the Beech Grove neighborhood near 
 Wilmington, Clinton County. His Quaker 
 parents, Joseph and Deborah Hadley 
 Thatcher, died before he was five, and he 
 was taken into the home of an elder sister. 
 He was a studious child with a real hunger 
 for books. Many years later he wrote: "You 
 can have no idea of the booklessness of my 
 youth. The Bible, McGuffey's readers, 
 which were used in school, Kidd's Elocu- 
 tion, one poor Little Rollo book, Peter Par- 
 ley's History, a heart-rending novel called 
 Ida May, and the experiences of a woman 
 who served the North as a spy in the war 
 '61— '65 — and a few dime novels — are all 
 the books that I can recall before I started 
 to college. I was crazy for books to read, 
 but I could not get them. I read and re- 
 read every one that I had. It was consid- 
 ered wicked to read novels, and they used 
 to whip me when they found me behind 
 the woodpile or down in the orchard with 
 one of the old dime novels, or with the 
 well-worn copy of Ida May. I wept and 
 wailed more over that worthless book than 
 I did over the whippings it occasioned." He 
 attended a country school and advanced in 
 it with such speed that he became its teacher 
 when no older than some of his students. 
 Later he attended Wilmington College — 
 pitching hay in summer, tutoring in winter 
 — and was graduated in 1878. He taught 
 school for the next three years in Wilming- 
 ton and Xenia. After a year's private study, 
 he entered Union Theological Seminary in 
 1882 and, on his graduation in 1885, was 
 awarded a traveling fellowship. He spent 
 the three following years in Europe at the 
 universities of Berlin, Marburg, and Geneva 
 and at the School of Classical Studies in 
 Athens. Upon his return to this country, he 
 became professor of church history at 
 United Presbyterian Theological Seminary. 
 
 His first book, The Patience of Hope, was 
 published in 1889. It was compiled as a 
 tribute to Joseph H. Wright, the man who 
 had inspired him to embark upon post- 
 graduate studies. Wright had been pastor of 
 the First United Presbyterian Church of 
 Xenia from 1880 until his death in 1889, 
 and the two men had become friends while 
 Thatcher was principal of schools at the 
 Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home. 
 In 1892, Thatcher joined the University of 
 Chicago as a member of its first faculty 
 and remained there as associate professor of 
 medieval history until 1906. His vacations 
 were spent in European travel and study. 
 In 1894, he received his Ph.D. from the 
 University of Chicago, and published A 
 Sketch of the History of the Apostolic 
 Church, dedicated to his great teacher at 
 the University of Berlin, Adolf Harnack. It 
 was as a historian and not as a theologian 
 that he approached his subject, and he 
 punctured some popular eccelesiastical the- 
 ories in the process. During the next decade 
 he turned to the history of Europe in the 
 Middle Ages. Most of his books of this pe- 
 riod were designed primarily as textbooks, 
 but Dr. Thatcher was a pioneer in the re- 
 volt against slavish devotion to them. He 
 believed the use of a single text to be "a 
 misfortune and a calamity," and presented 
 the subject so that teacher and student 
 would turn to the wider sources of his- 
 torical literature. His original contributions 
 to scholarship were presented as special ar- 
 ticles, most of them in German periodicals, 
 and in his Studies Concerning Adrian IV, 
 the result of a sabbatical year spent in 
 study at the Vatican Library. Thatcher was 
 also something of an athlete: during his 
 years in Europe he became a skilled moun- 
 tain climber, and he is still remembered in 
 the old Beech Grove neighborhood as the 
 first pitcher in Clinton County to throw a 
 curve ball. At Chicago he worked closely 
 with Coach Stagg in the development of 
 the University's football team. Robert Morss 
 Lovett in All Our Years wrote of him as a 
 "picturesque academic figure ... on the 
 field every afternoon in the season as a 
 volunteer coach, and tutoring the members 
 of the team in the evening to keep them 
 eligible to play." A man of extraordinarily 
 wide interests, he feared submersion in one 
 period of world history. He left the Univer- 
 sity after fourteen years and returned to 
 Wilmington, where he intended to become 
 a farmer. During the next ten years, how- 
 ever, he was frequently in the classrooms 
 of Wilmington College, where he lectured 
 on European history. His services were do- 
 nated to his alma mater. In 1908 he bought 
 
623 
 
 Thoburn, Joseph B. 
 
 a controlling interest in the Clinton Repub- 
 lican, and he edited that Wilmington news- 
 paper until 1911. He was elected to the 
 Ohio General Assembly in 1912 and again 
 in 1914. It was during these years that he 
 served as chairman of the Ohio State School 
 Survey Commission. The commission was 
 instructed to make a study of the state's 
 schools, to determine the degree of effi- 
 ciency with which they were conducted, and 
 to make recommendations for the improve- 
 ment of the public school system. Its Re- 
 port to the Governor of Ohio, published in 
 Columbus in 1914, became the basis of the 
 new law governing Ohio schools. At the 
 end of his second term in the state legis- 
 lature, Dr. Thatcher moved to California, 
 where he became a fruit grower. He died in 
 San Bernardino. The manuscript of his final 
 work, a group of essays on social life of 
 the Middle Ages, was completed in that 
 year, but disappeared at the time of his 
 death. 
 
 Gerald D. McDonald 
 The Patience of Hope, New York, 1889. 
 A Sketch of the History of the Apostolic 
 
 Church, Boston, 1894. 
 Studies Concerning Adrian IV, Chicago, 
 
 1903. 
 
 THAYER, FRANK (Aug. 18, 1890- ), 
 educator, was born in Conneaut, Ashtabula 
 County. After graduating from Oberlin Col- 
 lege in 1912, he read law in Jefferson and 
 worked on the Conneaut News-Herald. He 
 began teaching in 1916 and joined the Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin journalism faculty in 
 1936. His writings have dealt with journal- 
 ism, especially its relation to the law. His 
 books include Newspaper Management, 
 [New York, 1926]. WW 30 
 
 THAYER, GEORGE AUGUSTINE (Dec. 6, 
 
 1839-Oct. 4, 1925), clergyman, born in 
 Randolph, Mass., was pastor of First Con- 
 gregational Church, Cincinnati, 1882-1916, 
 and after his retirement continued to live in 
 Cincinnati. He published many addresses 
 and papers on the Civil War and The First 
 Congregational Church . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [1917]. WWW 1 
 
 THIRKFIELD, WILBUR PATTERSON 
 
 (Sept. 25, 1854-Nov. 7, 1936), clergyman, 
 was born in Franklin, Warren County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1876 and from Boston University in 
 1881. He was president of Gammon Theo- 
 logical Seminary, Atlanta, Ga., 1883-1900, 
 was general secretary of the Freedmen's 
 Aid Society, 1900-06, and was president of 
 Howard University, 1906-12. He was 
 
 elected a Methodist bishop in 1912 and re- 
 tired in 1928. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 He compiled worship books and a hymnal 
 and wrote several books on religion, e.g., 
 The Personality and Message of the 
 Preacher, New York, [1914], WWW 1 
 
 THOBURN, ISABELLA (March 29, 1840- 
 Sept. 1, 1901), educator, was born near 
 St. Clairsville, Belmont County. She at- 
 tended public schools, Wheeling Female 
 Seminary, and the Cincinnati Academy of 
 Design. She taught in various Ohio com- 
 munities, and was active in relief work dur- 
 ing the Civil War. In 1869, at the urging 
 of her brother, James M. Thoburn (q.v.), 
 she went to Lucknow, India, where she de- 
 voted the rest of her life to the education 
 of women. During her longest furlough in 
 the United States (1886-91), she was active 
 in organizing the Methodist deaconess 
 movement. She died in Lucknow of Asiatic 
 cholera. She wrote numerous articles. Her 
 only book is a biography of one of her 
 teachers and closest friends. 
 Phoebe Rowe, Cincinnati, 1899. 
 
 THOBURN, JAMES MILLS (March 7, 1836- 
 Nov. 28, 1922), clergyman, was born in 
 St. Clairsville, Belmont County. He grad- 
 uated from Allegheny College in 1857 and 
 became a Methodist minister the following 
 year. In 1859 he was sent as a missionary 
 to India, where he was later joined by his 
 sister Isabella (q.v.). In 1888 he was 
 elected missionary bishop for India, and he 
 performed the duties of that office until he 
 retired in 1908. He was a prolific writer of 
 articles for periodicals. 
 My Missionary Apprenticeship, New York, 
 
 1884. 
 India and Malaysia, Cincinnati, 1892. 
 The Deaconess and Her Vocation, Cincin- 
 nati, 1893. 
 Christless Nations . . . , New York, 1895. 
 Light in the East . . . , Chicago, 1898. 
 The Church of the Pentecost, Cincinnati, 
 
 1901. 
 Life of Isabella Thoburn, Cincinnati, [1903]. 
 The Christian Conquest of India, New 
 
 York, 1906. 
 India and Southern Asia, Cincinnati, 1907. 
 
 THOBURN, JOSEPH BRADFIELD (Aug. 
 8, 1866-March 2, 1941), was born in Bell- 
 aire, Belmont County, but was taken to 
 Kansas when his family emigrated there in 
 1871. He was a printer, journalist, and his- 
 torian. He wrote A History of Oklahoma, 
 (with Isaac M. Holcomb), San Francisco, 
 1908. WWW 1 
 
Thomas, C. C. 
 
 624 
 
 THOMAS, CHARLES CYRUS (Feb. 19, 
 1909- ), educator, was born in Kingston, 
 Ross County. He attended Chillicothe 
 Normal School, taught in Ohio schools, and 
 graduated from Kent State University in 
 1939. He is now a teacher in Los Angeles. 
 He published a volume of poems while he 
 was a student at Kent: A Black Lark Carol- 
 ing, Dallas, Texas, [1936]. 
 
 THOMAS, DANIEL DRIVER (Jan. 2, 1859- 
 Dec. 1, 1931), educator and clergyman, 
 was born on a farm near Williamstown, 
 Hardin County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Northern University, and his only book 
 was published while he was a student there. 
 He taught in Ohio schools for thirty years 
 and at Mt. Morris College, 111. He also 
 served as a minister of the Church of the 
 Brethren in Ohio and Arizona. He died in 
 Allen County. 
 Poems of Adelphia, Ada, 1897. 
 
 THOMAS, EBENEZER SMITH (June 19, 
 1775-Oct. 22, 1845), journalist, was born 
 in Cambridge, Mass. After learning the 
 printing trade in Worcester, Mass., under 
 his uncle, Isaiah Thomas, he was a bookseller 
 in Charleston, S. C. He edited the City 
 Gazette there, 1810-16, and afterward lived 
 for some years in Baltimore. Md. In 1829 
 he brought his family to Cincinnati, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. His eight 
 children included Frederick W., Lewis F., 
 Martha M., and Mary E. Thomas (qq.v.). 
 In Cincinnati, he edited the Cincinnati 
 Daily Advertiser until 1835 and the Evening 
 Post until 1839. His two books were written 
 in Cincinnati. 
 Reminiscences of the Last Sixty-five Years 
 
 .... 2 vols.. Hartford, 1840. 
 Reminiscences of South Carolina, Hartford, 
 1840. 
 
 THOMAS, EDITH MATILDA (Aug. 12, 
 1854-Sept. 13, 1925), was born in Chat- 
 ham, Medina County. During the years 
 when George Sterling. Lloyd Mifflin, and 
 William Vaughan Moody were crowding 
 their lines close upon the heels of classical 
 myth, she flashed upward in the poetical 
 heavens to her zenith. From 1885 to 1920 
 hers was a name to reckon with in Amer- 
 ican verse, but as the mythological and 
 legendary materials declined in popularity, 
 her reputation diminished with them. Neg- 
 lected at length by the critics and crowded 
 out of modern anthologies by the press of 
 new material, the poetry of this able Keats- 
 ian poet is now rarely called to the atten- 
 tion of students. Yet at the turn of the cen- 
 tury, reputable literary authorities hailed 
 
 her work enthusiastically. Howells described 
 her as one possessing a "fame in which she 
 need envy no others of our time." E. C. 
 Stedman, poet and critic, declared in 1900 
 that "her place is secure among the truest 
 living poets of our English tongue." Emer- 
 son Venable announced in his Poets of Ohio 
 (1909) that her poems had rarely been 
 equaled by any writer of her sex on either 
 side of the Atlantic. Fred Lewis Pattee in 
 1919 reprinted four of her poems and gave 
 her high praise: "The leader of the fem- 
 inine poets of the later period unquestion- 
 ably is Edith M. Thomas." Her A New 
 Year's Masque (1885) he referred to as 
 "one of the significant first volumes" pub- 
 lished by women in the thirteen years fol- 
 lowing 1875, and rated her as a "distinctive 
 poet of the era — the third generation of 
 poets in America." As late as 1923 Robert 
 U. Johnson declared in his memoirs that 
 Edith Thomas was one of the three or four 
 best living poets. Unfortunately, time has 
 failed to substantiate the appraisals made 
 so confidently by Johnson and his contem- 
 poraries. Today, even among the minor 
 voices, she is frequently overshadowed by 
 some of her erstwhile rivals to fame — Ina 
 Coolbrith, Louise Guiney, Lizette W. 
 Reese. Edith M. Thomas lived for her first 
 seven years in the Ohio towns of Chatham, 
 Kenton, and Bowling Green. Upon the 
 death of her father in 1861, she and her 
 sister were taken by their mother to Ge- 
 neva, where Edith, reveling in the beauty 
 of her surroundings, acquired that love of 
 nature that later prompted so much of her 
 verse. Subsequently, in classes at the Ge- 
 neva Normal Institute, she discovered the 
 world of Greek classics — the complex 
 hierarchy of Greek gods and the riot of 
 Greek legends. Upon these sources her early 
 poems drew so heavily that the abundant 
 allusions plus the Greek restraint and the 
 finish of her work led Pattee to pronounce 
 the author "more Greek than American." 
 After a brief turn at teaching and at type- 
 setting, she spent most of the 1870s in 
 transferring the observations of field and 
 stream to poetic pages. This early work she 
 marketed in the papers of Geneva and 
 Cleveland and in other out-of-town reposi- 
 tories for amateur pieces. But the encour- 
 agement of a favorite uncle, James Thomas; 
 the interest of a hostess in New York (after 
 1881), Mrs. Botta; and the ministrations of 
 Helen Hunt Jackson, who recognized her 
 powers, resulted in serious consideration of 
 Miss Thomas' scrapbook, and a welcome 
 to the columns of the new Century Maga- 
 zine. After four years of varied periodical 
 activity came the publication of A New 
 
625 
 
 Thomas, F. W. 
 
 Year's Masque (1885), which scored an 
 immediate success and led to a collection of 
 nature essays, The Round Year (1886). 
 Lyrics and Sonnets (1887) and The In- 
 verted Torch (1890) followed, and after 
 such triumphs Scribner's, the Atlantic 
 Monthly, Harper's, the Nation, the Critic, 
 and the Independent readily accepted her 
 contributions. Upon the death of her mother 
 in 1887, Edith Thomas moved permanently 
 to New York, where she not only met promi- 
 nent literary men, but also found adequate 
 critical and creative inspiration for further 
 work. She did etymological research for the 
 Century Dictionary and assumed editorial 
 duties for Harper's Magazine, to which and 
 like assignments she devoted herself, as 
 well as to her poetry, until her death in 
 1925. During her later years, the lyrical 
 impulse came ever more rarely to her. But 
 at the close of her career she could look 
 back upon forty years of verse writing, dur- 
 ing which time she had held her literary 
 materials up to the high standards of classic 
 craftsmanship. Edith Thomas had displayed 
 from the beginning an intimate acquaint- 
 ance with nature: she had lingered with 
 affection over the beauty of wayside shrubs, 
 the pageantry of sunsets, the drowsiness of 
 mid-August days, the whistling woods — 
 writing, as she herself expressed it, "out of 
 the depths of her womanly consciousness 
 and experience." What she wrote of H. H. 
 Jackson was equally applicable to her own 
 efforts: 
 Thou didst love Nature and her very mood: 
 Beneath thine eye the frail flower of the 
 
 wood 
 Uplifted not in vain its fleeting sign, 
 And on the hearth the mast-tree's blaze 
 
 benign. 
 With all its sylvan lore was understood! 
 Jessie B. Rittenhouse edited a selection of 
 her poems shortly after her death, and this 
 volume, with its attendant life, has been 
 the chief source of what reputation she en- 
 joys today. 
 
 G. Harrison Orians 
 
 A New Year's Masque, and Other Poems, 
 
 Boston, 1885. 
 The Round Year, Boston, 1886. 
 Lyrics and Sonnets, Boston, 1887. 
 Children of Autumn . . . , New York, 1888. 
 Children of Spring . . . , New York, 1888. 
 Children of Summer . . . , New York, 1888. 
 Children of Winter . . . , New York, 1888. 
 Babes of the Nations . . . , New York, 
 
 1889. 
 Heaven and Earth; An Antiphon, New York, 
 
 1889. 
 The Inverted Torch, Boston. 1890. 
 Fair Shadow Land, Boston, 1893. 
 
 In Sunshine Land, Boston, 1895. 
 
 In the Young World, Boston, 1896. 
 
 A Winter Swallow, with Other Verse, New 
 York, 1896. 
 
 The Dancers, and Other Legends and Lyr- 
 ics, Boston, 1903. 
 
 Cassia, and Other Verse, Boston, 1905. 
 
 Children of Christmas, and Others, Boston, 
 1907. 
 
 The Guest at the Gate, Boston, 1909. 
 
 The Flower from the Ashes, and Other 
 Verse, Portland, Me., 1915. 
 
 The White Messenger, and Other War 
 Poems, Boston, [1915]. 
 
 THOMAS, ELEANOR (Aug. 1, 1898- ), 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County. 
 She graduated from Wells College in 1921. 
 Now a resident of Boston, she has written 
 a number of textbooks for the elementary 
 grades, edited My Weekly Reader, and pub- 
 lished several children's stories, e.g., Mr. 
 Totter and the Five Black Cats, New York, 
 1942. 
 
 THOMAS, FREDERICK WILLIAM (Oct. 
 
 25. 1806-Aug. 27, 1866), son of Ebenezer 
 S. Thomas (q.v.), was born in Providence, 
 R. I., but grew up in Baltimore, Md., and 
 Charleston, S. C. An accident in his early 
 manhood left him lame. He read law and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1828. By 1831 
 he was in Cincinnati, where his father was 
 editor of the Cincinnati Daily Advertiser. 
 Although he traveled widely in the 1830s, 
 Cincinnati apparently was his residence 
 throughout the decade. During this period, 
 he wrote his long Byronic poem The Emi- 
 grant and three novels. In 1841 he was in 
 Washington, D. C, as a clerk in the Treas- 
 ury Department. Around 1850 he was in 
 Cincinnati again for a brief period as a 
 Methodist clergyman. He afterward worked 
 on the Richmond Enquirer and other pa- 
 pers. He died in Washington. D. C. Despite 
 his poems and fiction, which were fairly 
 popular, he is usually remembered in liter- 
 ary history only for his correspondence with 
 Edgar Allan Poe, which began in 1841 and 
 continued until Poe's death in 1849. 
 The Emigrant, Or. Reflections While De- 
 scending the Ohio .... Cincinnati, 1833. 
 Clinton Bradshaw . . . , Philadelphia, 1835. 
 East and West. A Novel, Philadelphia, 
 
 1836. 
 Howard Pinckney. A Novel, 2 vols., Phila- 
 delphia, 1840. 
 The Beechen Tree: A Tale Told in Rhyme, 
 
 New York. 1844. 
 Sketches of Character . . . , Louisville, Ky., 
 1849. 
 
Thomas, K. G. 
 
 626 
 
 An Autobiography of William Russell, Bal- 
 timore, 1852. 
 
 John Randolph of Roanoke . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1853. 
 
 THOMAS, KATHARINE GARFORD (Mrs. 
 James B.) (July 17, 1883- ), was born 
 in Elyria, Lorain County, and still lives in 
 that community. She attended Taconic 
 School for Girls, Lakeville, Conn., and Miss 
 Baldwin's School, Bryn Mawr, Pa., and also 
 studied music at Oberlin Conservatory and 
 in New York City. She has been very active 
 in the civic and cultural life of Elyria. She 
 has published poetry in various periodicals 
 and a collection, Old Oak Trees, and has 
 also written a biography of her great- 
 aunt, Katharine Moody Smith: Auntie Kate, 
 Her Journey through Ninety Years, Co- 
 lumbus, 1949. 
 
 THOMAS, LEWIS FOULK (Nov. 3, 1808- 
 May 26, 1868), lawyer, was born in Balti- 
 more County, Md., son of Ebenezer S. 
 Thomas (q.v.). In 1829 he came to Cincin- 
 nati, where he worked on the Cincinnati 
 Daily Advertiser and the Evening Post, and 
 also read law. When the Evening Post was 
 suspended in 1839, he went to Louisville, 
 Ky., where he edited the Daily Herald for 
 a time. Early in 1840 he went to St. Louis, 
 where, with the paintings of J. C. Wild be- 
 fore him, he went to work on the book for 
 which he is chiefly remembered. Drawing 
 upon newspaper files, reports, histories, and 
 personal interviews with officers of the 
 American Fur Company, he wrote the text 
 of The Valley of the Mississippi. Around 
 1845 he moved to Washington, D. C, where 
 he practiced law until his death. 
 Osceola, a Drama, Cincinnati, 1838. 
 The Valley of the Mississippi . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, 1841. 
 Inda, a Legend of the Lakes; With Other 
 
 Poems, St. Louis, 1842. 
 Rhymes of the Routs in Mexico . . . , 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1847. 
 Cortez the Conqueror. A Tragedy . . . , 
 
 Washington, D. C, 1857. 
 
 THOMAS, LEWIS FRANCIS (Nov. 1, 1886- 
 Feb. 13, 1950), educator, was born in Pio- 
 neer, Williams County. A graduate of Deni- 
 son University in 1910 and of the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1925, he served 
 on the faculty of Washington University, 
 St. Louis, 1919-50. His writings include 
 The Geography of the Saint Louis Trade 
 Territory, [St. Louis], 1924. WWW 3 
 
 THOMAS, LOWELL JACKSON (April 6, 
 1892- ), was born in Woodington, 
 
 Darke County, and he remained an Ohioan 
 until he was eight, when his father, a phy- 
 sician and a scholarly man, took him to 
 Colorado. If he must be regarded as a 
 world citizen, as of course he is, he was 
 first a very young citizen of Ohio, and 
 thus we Ohioans claim him as our own. In a 
 rough and brawling Colorado mining town, 
 he sharpened his sense of adventure which 
 in later years was to carry him over all the 
 earth. He also continued to acquire some- 
 thing of equal value. His father was a man 
 devoted to literature and a man greatly 
 moved by color and form. The poetry and 
 prose of the great masters were familiar to 
 him, and he could — and did — recite the 
 classics from memory. When Lowell was a 
 small child in Ohio, his father gently but 
 firmly directed him into this same pursuit 
 of literature. The boy continued to be 
 schooled in the same manner in Colorado. 
 He also learned voice control from his dili- 
 gent parent. Thus Lowell learned early to 
 express himself in spoken and written prose 
 which carried dignity, power, and purpose. 
 The resonant quality of his voice in later 
 years was to charm millions of radio, tele- 
 vision, and newsreel listeners. It was in 
 Colorado that Lowell was first touched with 
 printing ink. He became a printer's devil 
 and later a reporter. During his life he has 
 been reporter, editor, and associate editor 
 for a dozen newspapers and other periodi- 
 cals. He was to prove himself a student of 
 large talents. He attended four universities, 
 the first at Valparaiso in Indiana, where he 
 tended a furnace, waited on tables, and 
 worked in a laundry to cover a four-year 
 course in two years. He gathered two more 
 degrees at the University of Denver, and 
 then set out for Chicago with the idea of 
 studying law. In earning his way he became 
 a Chicago newspaper reporter and a friend 
 of several men who were on their way to 
 greatness, including Carl Sandburg, Ben 
 Hecht, and Harry Hansen. After a year in 
 Chicago he set out for the West Coast to 
 write a series of newspaper articles, and 
 then headed for Alaska. He acquired a 
 canoe, and, alone, shot Miles Canyon and 
 White Horse Rapids and paddled down the 
 Yukon. He continued northward to the edge 
 of the Arctic Ocean, where he was adopted 
 into a tribe of Indians. Among the few 
 white men he met was a lonely miner who 
 befriended him and gave him a set of mag- 
 nificent photographs of Eskimos and cari- 
 bou. With these he came back to the States 
 and set himself up as a lecturer on Alaska 
 with great financial success. He returned to 
 Alaska the following summer with his own 
 camera to enlarge his knowledge of the Far 
 
627 
 
 Thomas, N. M. 
 
 North and his gallery of fine photographs. 
 Shortly after America entered World War 
 I, Lowell Thomas was married to Frances 
 Ryan, and from this union one son, Lowell, 
 Jr., was born. He has followed in his fa- 
 ther's footsteps as explorer, adventurer, 
 and writer, establishing in his own right a 
 world-wide reputation. With America at 
 war but a short time, Franklin K. Lane, 
 then Secretary of the Interior, devised a 
 plan to send Thomas to Europe with a 
 roving commission to visit all fronts and 
 report to the American people on what he 
 saw and heard. This assignment led to one 
 of his greatest adventures. While in Venice, 
 he heard of General Allenby's appointment 
 to command the Allied forces in the Near 
 East. He obtained permission from the Brit- 
 ish War Office to join Allenby. While with 
 Allenby's army he heard rumors of a Brit- 
 ish officer who had united the hostile Arab 
 tribes in a fierce war against the Turks. His 
 trail of adventure finally led him to the 
 man, who was, of course, Lawrence of 
 Arabia. Thus Thomas brought to the out- 
 side world for the first time the fantastic 
 story of the man whose genius was responsi- 
 ble for organizing the Arab revolt against 
 Turkey, which led to the defeat of the 
 Turks and the triumphant entry of the 
 Arabs into Damascus. It has been said of 
 Thomas that he has visited more remote 
 areas of the earth than any other living 
 man, but between trips he has been busy with 
 books and lectures making armchair ad- 
 venturers of millions of Americans. A man 
 with enormous energy — and with a voice 
 that can charm the birds from the trees — he 
 became, between the two great wars, a 
 radio commentator. In the mid-1930s it is 
 estimated that he spoke daily to some 
 twenty million Americans over the radio. 
 His reporting was — and continues to be — 
 impersonal and wholly unbiased. Yet he 
 has many hobbies besides travel. He once 
 managed a baseball team, and he has been 
 known to take friends on rattlesnake hunts. 
 He loves horses and once acquired an out- 
 law horse which he gentled until it became 
 the best performer in his stables. Thomas 
 has not greatly slackened his pace after his 
 long and distinguished career. He is still 
 much sought after as a lecturer. He con- 
 tinues to write. He maintains offices in 
 New York City, but lives at Hammersley 
 Hill, Pawling, N. Y. More, however, than 
 any other living man who writes and talks, 
 his office and home are the earth on which 
 he lives; and nowadays there is in Lowell 
 Thomas' eyes the faraway look of a man 
 who would like to make his next adventure 
 to the moon or stars or some other new 
 
 and challenging and hitherto unvisited 
 place. Lowell Thomas is a remarkable man, 
 perhaps the greatest writer-speaker-adven- 
 turer the Twentieth Century has had. A rep- 
 resentative sampling of the nearly fifty 
 books he has written includes Beyond Khy- 
 ber Pass, New York, [1925]; The Boy's 
 Life of Colonel Lawrence, New York, 
 [1927]; Raiders of the Deep, New York, 
 1928; Kabluk of the Eskimo, Boston, 1932; 
 Men of Danger, New York, 1936; and 
 These Men Shall Never Die, Philadelphia, 
 [1943]. 
 
 Louis B. Seltzer 
 
 THOMAS, MARTHA McCANNON (Jan., 
 1818-Jan. 23, 1890), daughter of Ebenezer 
 S. Thomas (q.v.), was born in Charleston, 
 S. C, and in 1829 came to Cincinnati, 
 where she lived for the rest of her life. She 
 was the founding editor of the Young Peo- 
 ple's Monthly in 1858. From Dec. 22, 1863, 
 to Jan. 2, 1864, she edited the Ladies' Knap- 
 sack, published by the Great Western Sani- 
 tary Fair, Cincinnati. Her most successful 
 literary work was Captain Phil, several edi- 
 tions of which appeared within a few 
 years of its first publication. She died in 
 Cincinnati. The first title below was pub- 
 lished anonymously. 
 
 Life's Lesson. A Tale, New York, 1854. 
 Captain Phil; A Boy's Experience in the 
 Western Army during the War of the 
 Rebellion, New York, 1884. 
 
 THOMAS, MARY ELIZA VON ERDEN 
 
 (Dec. 8, 1814-Dec. 6, 1897), daughter of 
 Ebenezer S. Thomas (q.v.), was born in 
 Charleston, S. C, and accompanied her fa- 
 ther to Cincinnati in 1829. She apparently 
 adopted the name Mary Von Erden Thomas 
 at an early age. She served as a nurse 
 throughout the Civil War. She died in 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Winning the Battle; Or, One Girl in Ten 
 Thousand, Philadelphia, [1882]. 
 
 THOMAS, NORMAN MATTOON (Nov. 20, 
 1884- ), was born in Marion, Marion 
 County, son of Rev. Welling E. Thomas 
 and Emma Mattoon Thomas. One of 
 his grandfathers was a minister; the other, 
 a missionary. The boy grew up in an 
 atmosphere of Calvinism which drew a 
 sharp line between good and evil and placed 
 them poles apart, with no hope of com- 
 promise between the Lord's bright hosts 
 and the dark legions beyond the pale. This 
 attitude shaped all of his future efforts. 
 After a brilliant high school career and a 
 year at Bucknell, he entered Princeton, 
 from which he graduated in 1905 after sig- 
 
Thomas. R. L. 
 
 628 
 
 nificant exposure to Woodrow Wilson's 
 thought and teaching. He spent the next 
 six years working in settlement houses in 
 the New York slums, where men take a 
 strong stand on the evidences of life and 
 faith, and studying in Union Theological 
 Seminary, where another viewpoint was in 
 vogue. They were years of turmoil as he 
 attempted to reconcile the two; his ordina- 
 tion examination took an entire afternoon, 
 and the doggedness with which the Pres- 
 bytery probed the depths of his growing un- 
 orthodox}' was turned into front-page copy 
 by the newspapers. For six years he was 
 pastor of East Harlem Presbyterian Church 
 — one of a group of churches and settle- 
 ment houses comprising American Parish 
 on the upper East Side. The years he spent 
 among the poor there and the shock of 
 World War I. which clashed with his prin- 
 ciples of Christian pacifism, led him for- 
 mally to adopt Socialism in 1917. The final 
 break with his pastorate came when he sup- 
 ported Morris Hillquist. the Socialist candi- 
 date for mayor of New York. It was not 
 an expedient time to assert any form of 
 political independence. Thomas was sub- 
 jected to the persecutions in vogue at the 
 moment — shadowing by Justice Department 
 agents, wire tapping, interrogation, at- 
 tempted suppression of his writings by post- 
 master general Burleson, the rowdy brutal- 
 ities of postwar red-baiting. The time at 
 which he made his choice, however, was 
 one of Thomas' strengths. "What I like 
 about Norman." one of the old-line party 
 members has said, "is that he came to us 
 when everybody else was running away." 
 Thomas spent the next decade in a fight for 
 wider political expression. With Roger 
 Baldwin, he founded the American Civil 
 Liberties Union. He entered politics in 
 1924 as a candidate for governor of New 
 York: he ran for mayor of New York City 
 in 1925. for the state senate in 1926. for 
 alderman in 1927, and for President of the 
 United States in 1928. 1932. 1936. 1940. 
 and 1944. Under his leadership, the So- 
 cialist Party has followed with textbook 
 faithfulness the role of a militant third 
 party: it has provided ideas while failing to 
 elect candidates. For one striking example: 
 by 1935. 22 of the 26 planks of the So- 
 cialist Party's 1932 platform had either 
 been put into effect (though often modi- 
 fied), or were being considered as possible 
 laws or treaties, or had been achieved by 
 informal but effective measures (e.g., the 
 cancellation of war debts). Thomas' posi- 
 tion cannot be summed up in a word or 
 classified with a label. He regards Marx as 
 an extremely important social thinker — but 
 
 that much even a conservative would have 
 to admit. To him, Marxian theory, while 
 basic, must be considered only in the light 
 of recent advances in technology and social 
 organization, and. especially, in terms of 
 the dynamic psychology of Freud and his 
 followers. In Thomas' own thought there 
 seems to be as much of the forces that 
 shaped Thorstein Veblen as of those thnt 
 Marx and Engels unleashed. This has 
 brought bitter criticism from the extreme 
 left wing, but it undoubtedly has added to 
 his effectiveness as a political leader. He 
 shares experiences that many Americans 
 have undergone, and he speaks a language 
 that they recognize: no undeviating Marxist 
 can hope to do these things. In speech and 
 writing. Thomas is clear and convincing: he 
 is given to sudden, unexpected flashes of 
 metaphor which brilliantly illuminate a 
 point. Some of his critics have protested that 
 he appeals more to emotion and inspiration 
 than to cold fact. This may be true, though 
 few can best him in a showdown debate. 
 After all. when we first hear the voice cry- 
 ing from the wilderness, it is not likely to 
 stir us by quoting from Statistical Abstracts. 
 A few of his more influential books include 
 The Conscientious Objector in America, 
 New York. 1923: As I See It, New York. 
 1932: The Choice before Us ... , New 
 York, 1934; After the New Deal, What?, 
 New York. 1936: Socialist!! on the Defen- 
 sive, New York, 1938; Russia — Democracy 
 or Dictatorship?, New York. 1939; and We 
 Have a Future, Princeton. 1941. "It was my 
 fortune," he wrote in 1951, "to be born in an 
 era of hope." Let it stand as commentary 
 on the life and accomplishments of this 
 gentle, angry man who. without ever hav- 
 ing a major party at his back, has influenced 
 our political thought and action as much as 
 any man living. 
 
 Lee Templeton 
 
 THOMAS, ROLLA L. (Aug. 17. 1857-Dec. 
 28. 1932), physician, was born in Harrison, 
 Hamilton County. After graduating from 
 Asbury University in 1878 and from Ec- 
 lectic Medical College in 1880. he practiced 
 in Harrison until 1887, when he moved to 
 Cincinnati to join the faculty of Eclectic 
 Medical College. He published The Eclectic 
 Practice of Medicine, Cincinnati, 1906. 
 WWW 1 
 
 THOMAS, RUTH (Oct. 29. 1907- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Cheshire, Gallia County. 
 After graduating from Ohio University in 
 1928. she taught in Gallia County and now 
 lives in Rio Grande. She has written articles 
 for periodicals and has published a collec- 
 
629 
 
 Thompson, G. 
 
 tion of poems: Flint and Fireflies, Boston, 
 [1942]. 
 
 THOMAS, THOMAS EBENEZER (Dec. 23, 
 
 1812-Feb. 3, 1875), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Chelmsford, England. In 
 1834 he graduated from Miami University, 
 where he was an active abolitionist. After 
 being ordained by the Cincinnati Presby- 
 tery, he served Presbyterian churches in 
 Harrison and Hamilton. He was president 
 of Hanover College, Ind., 1849-55, profes- 
 sor in the Theological Seminary, New Al- 
 bany, Ind., 1854-57, pastor of the First 
 Presbyterian Church, Dayton, 1858-71, and 
 professor at Lane Theological Seminary, 
 Cincinnati, 1871-75. He died in Cincinnati. 
 His son, Alfred Addison Thomas (July 4, 
 1845-March 3, 1916), an attorney in Day- 
 ton, edited his letters, which are mostly 
 concerned with the antislavery struggle: Cor- 
 respondence of Thomas Ebenezer Thomas 
 . . . , [Dayton?], 1909. 
 
 THOMAS, THOMAS HEAD (Feb. 23. 1881- 
 ), was born in Dayton, Montgomery 
 County. He graduated from Harvard Uni- 
 versity in 1903, lived in Italy for many 
 years, and now lives in Wayne, Pa. He has 
 written French Portrait Engraving of the 
 XVIIth and XVlIIth Centuries, London, 
 1910. WW 26 
 
 THOMPSON, AARON BELFORD (April 5, 
 1873-Jan. 26, 1929), was born in Ross- 
 moyne, Hamilton County. Around 1900 he 
 moved to Indianapolis, where he spent the 
 remainder of his life; there he was encour- 
 aged to write by James Whitcomb Riley, 
 who wrote the preface for his Harvest of 
 Thoughts. He gave public readings of his 
 poetry, as did his two sisters, also born in 
 Rossmoyne: Priscilla Jane Thompson 
 (?-?), author of Gleanings of Quiet Hours, 
 Rossmoyne, 1907; and Clara Ann Thomp- 
 son (18757-1950?), author of A Garland 
 of Poems, Boston, [1926]. 
 Morning Songs, Rossmoyne, 1899. 
 Echoes of Spring, Rossmoyne, 1901. 
 Harvest of Thoughts, Indianapolis, 1907. 
 
 THOMPSON, ADELE EUGENIA (1849- 
 April 1, 1929), was born in Mansfield, 
 Richland County. She lived for a time in 
 Cleveland but spent most of her life in 
 Middlefield, Geauga County. She wrote for 
 magazines and newspapers. Several of the 
 titles below were published in the "Brave 
 Hearts" series for young readers. 
 Beck's Fortune, Boston, 1899. 
 Betty Seldon, Patriot, Boston, 1901. 
 Brave Heart Elizabeth . . . , Boston, 1902. 
 
 A Lassie of the Isles, Boston, 1903. 
 Polly of the Pines . . . , Boston, [1906]. 
 American Patty, a Story of 1812, Boston, 
 
 [1909]. 
 Nobody's Rose . . . , Boston, [1912]. 
 
 THOMPSON, CLARA ANN. See Aaron B 
 Thompson. 
 
 THOMPSON, DAVID DeCAMP (April 29, 
 1852-Nov. 10, 1908), journalist, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1876, and from 1892 until his death he was 
 on the editorial staff of the Northwestern 
 Christian Advocate. He died in St. Louis, 
 Mo. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln, the First American, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1894. 
 John Wesley as a Social Reformer, New 
 York, 1898. 
 
 THOMPSON, ELIZA JANE TRIMBLE 
 
 (Aug. 24, 1816-Nov. 3, 1905), daughter of 
 Gov. Allen Trimble (q.v.), was born in 
 Hillsboro, Highland County. After attend- 
 ing Hillsboro schools and a private school 
 in Cincinnati, she married James H. Thomp- 
 son (q.v.) in 1837. On the evening of Dec. 
 23, 1873, a Boston lyceum lecturer, Dio 
 Lewis, delivered a lecture at the Hillsboro 
 Music Hall in which he advanced a plan 
 for fighting the liquor traffic by uniting in 
 prayer with and for the liquor sellers of 
 the town. The movement was started in 
 Hillsboro at once with Mrs. Thompson at 
 its head. According to Frances E. Willard, 
 this was the start of the famous Women's 
 Crusade, from which developed the Worn- 
 an'j Christian Temperance Union. In writ- 
 ing her account of the crusade, Mrs. Thomp- 
 son was assisted by her two daughters, Mrs. 
 Mary M. T. Tuttle and Mrs. Marie T. 
 Rives (qq.v.). 
 
 Hillsboro Crusade Sketches and Family 
 Records, Cincinnati, 1896. 
 
 THOMPSON, GEORGE (Aug. 12, 1817- 
 Feb. 4, 1893), clergyman, was born in 
 Madison, N. J. In 1832 his parents migrated 
 to Jersey, Licking County. In 1835 George 
 entered Oberlin College, where he came un- 
 der the influence of the abolitionist Theo- 
 dore Weld (q.v.). In 1841, in Quincy, 111., 
 he was arrested and sentenced to twelve 
 years in prison for helping some slaves es- 
 cape. While in prison he composed poems 
 to hymn meters, which he later published in 
 The Prison Bard. Pardoned after serving 
 five years, he lectured against slavery and 
 studied theology at Oberlin. In 1848 he 
 went to Sierra Leone, Africa, with a band 
 
Thompson, G. W. 
 
 630 
 
 of missionaries. In 1856 he returned to 
 Oberlin, bringing two African boys to be 
 educated there. He next served as a mis- 
 sionary in northern Michigan, where he or- 
 ganized several Congregational churches. 
 In 1879 he returned to Oberlin so that his 
 children could attend the college. 
 Prison Life and Reflections . . . , Oberlin, 
 
 1847. 
 The Prison Bard: Or, Poems on Various 
 
 Subjects . . . , Hartford, 1848. 
 Thompson in Africa . . . , New York, 1852. 
 The Palm Land; Or, West Africa, Illustrated 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1859. 
 Africa in a Nutshell for the Million . . . , 
 
 Oberlin, 1881. 
 
 THOMPSON, GEORGE W. (May 14, 1806- 
 Feb. 24, 1888), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in St. Clairsville, Belmont County, but 
 spent most of his life in Virginia and West 
 Virginia. He practiced law in Virginia in the 
 1840s and was elected to the House of 
 Representatives in 1851, but resigned from 
 Congress to serve as judge of the circuit 
 court, 1851-60. Because of his opposition to 
 secession, he retired from public life in 
 1860. He died near Wheeling, W. Va. Most 
 of his books appeared anonymously. 
 Biographical Sketch of Hon. Linn Boyd 
 
 . . . , Washington, 1852. 
 The Living Forces of the Universe . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, 1866. 
 Deus-Semper . . . , Philadelphia. 1869. 
 The Administration of Good and Evil, 1870. 
 Nos, Victuri, Salutamus, Wheeling. 1884. 
 The Song of Eighty, Wheeling, 1886. 
 
 THOMPSON, HENRY ADAMS (March 23, 
 1837-July 8, 1920), clergyman and educa- 
 tor, was born in Stormstown, Pa. He grad- 
 uated from Jefferson College in 1858 and 
 was licensed to preach by the United 
 Brethren Church two years later. He taught 
 at Otterbein College, i 862-67, was superin- 
 tendent of schools in Troy, 1862-71, and 
 was president of Otterbein, 1872-86. He 
 afterward served in various editorial capac- 
 ities in the United Brethren Publishing 
 House, Dayton. 
 
 Our Bishops . . . , Chicago, 1889. 
 Biography of Jonathan Weaver, D.D. . . . , 
 
 Dayton, 1901. 
 Bible Study and Devotion . . . , Dayton, 
 
 [1904]. 
 Women of the Bible . . . , Dayton, [1914]. 
 
 THOMPSON, HUGH HOGUE (Oct. 13, 
 1819-April 29, 1899), clergyman, was born 
 near Loydsville, Belmont County. After 
 serving pastorates in Pennsylvania, he re- 
 tired to spend the remainder of his life in 
 
 Urbana. Besides the book below, he wrote 
 
 a family history. 
 
 A History of Sidney Presbytery, 1879. 
 
 THOMPSON, JAMES HENRY (Sept. 27. 
 1812-Aug. 6. 1900), lawyer and judge, was 
 born near Harrodsburg, Ky. After teaching 
 school while reading law, he was admitted 
 to the Kentucky bar in 1831. In 1837 he 
 married Eliza J. Trimble, daughter of Al- 
 len Trimble (qq.v. ). He was admitted to 
 the Ohio bar in 1838, practiced in Cincin- 
 nati until 1842, and after 1842 lived and 
 practiced in Hillsboro. In 1881 he was 
 named judge of the district court. Besides 
 the title below, some of his speeches were 
 published separately in pamphlet form. 
 The History of the County of Highland 
 . . . , Hillsboro, 1878. 
 
 THOMPSON, PRISCILLA JANE. See Aaron 
 B. Thompson. 
 
 THOMPSON, RUTH LOCKWOOD (July 5, 
 1905- ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She graduated from Hathaway- 
 Brown School, Cleveland, 1923, and from 
 Smith College, 1927. Since 1940 she has 
 lived in Putney, Vt. She has contributed 
 poems to magazines under the pen name 
 Ruth T. Grandin and has published a col- 
 lection of verse under her own name: In 
 and Out of Time, New Orleans, [1929]. 
 
 THOMPSON, WARREN SIMPSON (April 
 29, 1887- ), educator, born in Weeping 
 
 Water, Neb., joined the sociology depart- 
 ment of Miami University in 1922 and still 
 lives in Oxford. A specialist in population 
 problems, he has published a number of 
 articles, monographs, and books on the sub- 
 ject, e.g., Danger Spots in World Popula- 
 tion, New York, 1929. WW 27 
 
 THOMPSON, WILLIAM TAPPAN (Aug. 31, 
 1812-March 24, 1882), humorist, was born 
 in Ravenna, Portage County. When he was 
 eleven, his mother died and he was taken 
 to Philadelphia. His father died soon after- 
 ward, and he went to work for the Daily 
 Chronicle. In 1830 he was made assistant 
 to James D. Westcott, secretary of the Flor- 
 ida Territory, and while serving there he 
 read law. In 1835 he was associated with 
 Augustus Baldwin Longstreet, author of 
 Georgia Scenes, in publishing the States 
 Rights Sentinel. The Family Companion 
 and Ladies' Mirror, which he published in 
 the early 1840s, contained humorous 
 sketches written by him under the pen name 
 Major Joseph Jones. These sketches, in var- 
 ious editions, were highly popular and are 
 
631 
 
 Thorndike, L. 
 
 the basis of his reputation as a humorist. 
 After several years in Baltimore, he began 
 editing the Savannah Morning News in 1850 
 and continued with that paper until his 
 death. A stalwart defender of slavery, he 
 served as a Confederate volunteer in 1864. 
 His political editorials were forceful and 
 often bitter. Although he was a spokesman 
 for the Deep South, the backwoods life por- 
 trayed in his sketches is thought by some 
 to reflect his boyhood memories of the 
 Western Reserve. The sketches in his post- 
 humous volume, John's Alive, were edited 
 by his daughter, Mrs. May A. Wade. 
 Chronicles of Pineville . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 [1843]. 
 Major Jones's Courtship . . . , Madison, 
 
 Ga., 1843. 
 Major Jones's Sketches of Travel . . . , 
 
 Philadelphia, 1848. 
 The Slaveholder Abroad, Philadelphia, 
 
 1860. 
 John's Alive; Or, the Bride of a Ghost, 
 
 and Other Sketches, Philadelphia, 1883. 
 
 THOMSON, EDWARD (Oct. 12. 1810-March 
 22, 1870), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Portsea. England. In 1818 he was 
 brought to Wooster, where his father opened 
 a drugstore. After studying medicine at 
 Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 
 1828-29, he began practice at Jeromeville, 
 Wayne County. He was converted to 
 Methodism in 1831 and was admitted to the 
 Ohio Conference on trial in 1832. He served 
 as pastor in Sandusky and Cincinnati and 
 as principal of Norwalk Seminary, 1838-42. 
 He was chosen the first president of Ohio 
 Wesleyan University and served until 1860, 
 when he became editor of the Christian Ad- 
 vocate and Journal, published in New York 
 City. In 1864 he was elected bishop and 
 soon afterward was sent to the Orient to tour 
 Methodist missions. He died in Wheeling, 
 W. Va. 
 Essays, Educational and Religious, (Edward 
 
 D. Roe, ed.), Cincinnati, 1855. 
 Essays, Moral and Religious, Cincinnati, 
 
 1856. 
 Letters from Europe . . . , Cincinnati, 1856. 
 Sketches Biographical and Incidental, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1857. 
 Our Oriental Missions . . . , 2 vols., Cincin- 
 nati, 1870. 
 Evidences of Revealed Religion, New York, 
 
 1872. 
 Christ as a Teacher, New York. 1883. 
 Selected Essays, Cincinnati, 1893. 
 
 THOMSON, PETER GIBSON (Dec. 16, 
 185 1— July 10, 1931), manufacturer, was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. At 
 
 the age of fourteen, he began working in the 
 bookstore of Robert Clarke Co., and he later 
 operated his own bookstore for six years. He 
 entered the field of color printing, specializ- 
 ing in children's books and valentines. As he 
 prospered, he devoted much of his time to 
 the collection of books regarding the North- 
 west Territory — a project that culminated in 
 the publication of his great bibliography. In 
 1892 he founded a factory for the manufac- 
 ture of coated paper in Hamilton. By 1901 
 it was the largest such plant in the world 
 with branches in several cities. His bibli- 
 ography is undoubtedly the most useful sin- 
 gle work for the study of Ohio literature. 
 A Bibliography of the State of Ohio . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1880. 
 Catalogue of Books Relating to the State of 
 Ohio, the West and North-west, [Cincin- 
 nati, 1890]. 
 
 THOMSON, WILLIAM McCLURE (Dec. 31, 
 1806-April 8. 1894). missionary, was born 
 in Spring Dale. Hamilton County. He gradu- 
 ated from Miami University in 1828, studied 
 at Princeton Seminary for two years, and 
 was oidained as a Presbyterian minister in 
 1831. He served as a missionary in Palestine 
 and Syria from 1833 to 1876, establishing 
 schools and mission stations. In his travels 
 through the Holy Land, Thomson studied 
 closely the topography and archaeological 
 evidence. His observations are embodied in 
 The Land and the Book . . . , a description 
 of the region correlated with the Bible. The 
 book sold very widely and was published in 
 numerous editions. 
 
 The Land and the Book 
 York, 1859. 
 
 . , 2 vols., New 
 
 THORNBURY, DELMAR LEON (Aug. 15, 
 1881- ), lawyer, was born in Beallsville, 
 Monroe County. After graduating from the 
 University of Nebraska in 1902, he taught 
 school in Nebraska and California, 1902-13, 
 and in 1913 began the practice of law. He 
 published California's Redwood Wonder- 
 land, Humboldt County, [San Francisco, 
 1923]. WW 17 
 
 THORNDIKE, ASHLEY HORACE (Dec. 
 26, 1871 -April 17, 1933), educator, born in 
 Houlton, Maine, served on the English 
 faculty of Western Reserve University, 
 1898-1902. He taught at Columbia Uni- 
 versity from 1906 until his death. He wrote 
 a number of textbooks and literary studies, 
 the most influential of which probably was 
 Tragedy, Boston, 1908. WWW 1 
 
 THORNDIKE, LYNN (July 24, 1882- ), 
 educator, born in Lynn, Mass., was a master 
 
Thome, C. E. 
 
 632 
 
 at University School, Cleveland, and was on 
 the history faculty, Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity, 1909-24. He afterward taught at 
 Columbia University and still lives in New 
 York City. He has published numerous his- 
 tory textbooks and A History of Magic and 
 Experimental Science . . . , 8 vols., New 
 York, 1923-58. WW 27 
 
 THORNE, CHARLES EMBREE (Oct. 4, 
 1846-Feb. 29, 1936), agriculturist, was born 
 in Greene County. He attended Michigan 
 Agricultural College and Antioch College. 
 He served as farm manager at Ohio State 
 University, 1877-81, as associate editor of 
 Farm and Fireside, 1882-88, and as conser- 
 vation chief at the Ohio Agricultural Experi- 
 ment Station in Wooster. 
 The Complete Poultry Book, Springfield, 
 
 [1882]. 
 The Handy Horse Book . . . , Springfield, 
 
 1883. 
 Farm Manures, New York, 1913. 
 The Maintenance of Soil Fertility, New 
 
 York, 1930. 
 
 THORNE, P. Pseud. See Mary P. W. Smith. 
 
 THORNTON, EDWIN WILLIAM (Aug. 20, 
 1863-Nov. 14, 1940), clergyman, was born 
 near West Middleburg. Logan County. After 
 being ordained a minister of the Disciples of 
 Christ Church, he served pastorates in vari- 
 ous cities and for 24 years was an editor at 
 the Standard Publishing Company, Cincin- 
 nati. After retiring in 1934, he moved to 
 Canton, where he spent the remainder of his 
 life. He wrote many articles and pamphlets 
 on Sunday school work and published a 
 book for Sunday school teachers: Common 
 Sense; A Study of Mind and Method . . . , 
 Cincinnati, [1913]. WWW 3 
 
 THORNTON, GEORGE B. (March 1, 1881- 
 ), was born in Aberdeen, Brown County. 
 After attending high school in Higginsport, 
 he served in the Spanish-American War, at- 
 tended Walden University, Tenn., and Tuske- 
 gee Institute, served in the army again, and 
 was on the staff of Tuskegee Institute. In 
 1941 he came to Washington Court House. 
 He now lives in Wilberforce. He has pub- 
 lished several collections of verse, e.g., Great 
 Poems, Wilberforce, 1946. 
 
 THORNTON, JESSY QUINN (Aug. 24, 
 1810-Feb. 5. 1888), lawyer, born near Point 
 Pleasant, Va., grew up in Champaign 
 County, where his parents moved while he 
 was a child. After studying law in Virginia, 
 he practiced in Missouri and Illinois. In 
 1846 he went to Oregon, where he was active 
 
 in the establishment of the territorial gov- 
 ernment. His book was written in 1848, 
 while he was in Washington, D. C, working 
 for the establishment of Oregon as a terri- 
 tory: Oregon and California in 1848 . . . , 
 2 vols., New York, 1849. 
 
 THORNTON, WILLIS (March 10, 1900- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. He attended public schools in 
 Akron and graduated from Western Reserve 
 University in 1921. He was a reporter on the 
 Cleveland Press and the Washington Daily 
 News, wrote syndicated feature stories for 
 N.E.A., served in World War II, lectured on 
 journalism at Western Reserve University, 
 and in 1959 became director of the Western 
 Reserve University Press. He has published 
 several books on biographical and historical 
 topics, e.g., The Life of Alfred M. London, 
 New York, [1936]. 
 
 THRUSTON, GATES PHILLIPS (June 11, 
 1835-Dec. 8, 1912), attorney, was born in 
 Dayton, Montgomery County. He graduated 
 from Miami University in 1855 and from 
 Cincinnati Law School in 1859. He practiced 
 in Dayton until the Civil War. He served 
 throughout the war and was breveted 
 brigadier general in 1865. From 1865 until 
 his death he practiced law in Nashville, 
 Tenn. Besides the titles below, he wrote 
 many articles on historical subjects and a 
 family history. 
 
 The Antiquities of Tennessee . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1890. 
 Personal Recollections of the Battle in the 
 Rear at Stone's River . . . , Nashville, 
 [1906?]. 
 
 THUMA, HELEN DOAN (Aug. 12, 1881- 
 ), was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County, and still lives in that city. She has 
 published a volume of poems: Golden Sun- 
 sets, Cincinnati, 1933. 
 
 THURBER, JAMES GROVER (Dec. 8. 
 
 1894-Nov. 2, 1961), was born in Columbus, 
 Franklin County. William Faulkner was 
 once said to have listed the five most 
 important U. S. authors of the twentieth 
 century in this order: Thomas Wolfe, him- 
 self, John Dos Passos, Ernest Hemingway, 
 and John Steinbeck. In any such list, how- 
 ever, the name of James Thurber most 
 surely belongs. It might even be argued that 
 when future critics of American literature 
 appraise the work of U. S. authors of the 
 period, say 1930 to 1960, they may well 
 conclude that Thurber belongs among the 
 top three. From the time he began writing 
 successfully for The New Yorker in 1927, 
 
633 
 
 Thurber 
 
 Thurber in the next third of a century built 
 a tremendous reputation as a humorist. That 
 he is one, and an outstanding one, there is 
 no doubt. That until his eyesight failed com- 
 pletely he was an artist, even if somewhat 
 accidentally, is also true. But in time Thur- 
 ber is most likely to be regarded as a 
 serious writer. In his own view, Thurber so 
 regards himself, and it dismays and annoys 
 him somewhat that readers and critics have 
 failed to discern the serious vein beneath the 
 apparent humor. At 66 Thurber is tall, slim, 
 and straight, with distinctive gray hair 
 brushed straight back at the sides and with 
 a tuft of black in front for contrast. He has 
 a way of looking directly at you, although 
 he can no longer see anything. He has a 
 trick of putting his left hand to his chin in 
 a ruminative fashion. But words tumble 
 from his lips in a steady stream and he can 
 talk effortlessly for hours with very little 
 prompting. When people are introduced to 
 him he invariably responds, "I'm glad to see 
 you," or if it is someone he knows, it's "I'm 
 glad to see you again." He is a chain-smoker, 
 lighting his own cigarettes, pinching them 
 out when they have served their purpose, and 
 feeling unerringly for the ash tray in front 
 of him. Socially, he drinks scotch and soda 
 steadily, with no side effects. The biograph- 
 ical sketch of Thurber in Volume XXXI of 
 Who's Who in America says of him "in 
 journalistic work since 1920." Actually 
 Thurber's strivings, as he himself reported in 
 the chapter in The Thurber Album devoted 
 to Robert O. ("Bob") Ryder, longtime edi- 
 tor and paragrapher of the Ohio State Jour- 
 nal, began as far back as his high school 
 days. Certainly also he continued to develop 
 this interest during his years on the Ohio 
 State University campus, especially on 
 campus publications. He toiled on The Lan- 
 tern, the University newspaper, and The 
 Sun-Dial, the campus humor magazine, 
 which continued to brag four decades later 
 that Thurber was its most distinguished for- 
 mer editor. Thurber himself on occasion has 
 put the figure for his reportorial newspaper 
 experience at seven to ten years. In 1920 he 
 returned to Columbus from Paris, where he 
 had been a code clerk in the U. S. embassy, 
 to become a $25-a-week reporter on the 
 Columbus Dispatch. For the next four years, 
 as he tells it, he learned to be a journeyman 
 reporter the hard way under hard-boiled 
 Norman ("Gus") Kuehner, Dispatch city 
 editor. Kuehner, no college man himself, 
 scoffed at all college men on a newspaper 
 staff, and Thurber was one of those who 
 helped pay the price for this inferiority com- 
 plex on Kuehner's part. With an incipient 
 novel stirring in his bosom, Thurber returned 
 
 to Paris in 1924-25. The novel apparently 
 died aborning, and to keep body and soul 
 together Thurber joined the staff of the Paris 
 edition of the Chicago Tribune at $12 a 
 week. The next year he went to New York 
 City, where he caught on as a reporter with 
 the Evening Post. After a series of rejection 
 slips, he finally made a connection with The 
 New Yorker in 1927, an association that was 
 to remain unbroken for more than a third of 
 a century. During those three decades, in 
 fact, three men personified The New Yorker: 
 Harold Ross, E. B. White, and Thurber. 
 Thurber was the second of three sons of 
 Charles L. and Mary Agnes Fisher Thurber. 
 He attended Columbus East High School 
 and Ohio State University. Both the city and 
 the University have played a large part in 
 his writings. So have the members of his 
 family, especially his mother and his mater- 
 nal grandfather. This is particularly true of 
 his autobiographical writings. The real Thur- 
 ber country, of course, is Columbus and cen- 
 tral Ohio. In a message to the mayor of 
 Columbus when it was recognized as an All- 
 American city in 1959, Thurber wrote: "I 
 have always waved banners and blown horns 
 for Good Old Columbus Town, in America 
 as well as abroad, and such readers as I have 
 collected through the years are all aware of 
 where I was born and brought up, and they 
 know that half of my books could not have 
 been written if it had not been for the city of 
 my birth." Although he never completed the 
 requirements for a degree, Ohio State Uni- 
 versity has been important in Thurber's life. 
 He went there as a freshman in 1913, with- 
 drew, re-entered, and left again in 1918. The 
 campus and its people figured in The Male 
 Animal, which he wrote in collaboration 
 with Elliott Nugent (q.v.), and in some of 
 his other writings. The Thurber Album, "a 
 new collection of pieces about people," was 
 dedicated to the late Herman A. Miller of 
 the University English faculty. When he was 
 putting the book together, Thurber said it 
 was about people who had influenced his life. 
 Three of its sixteen chapters were devoted 
 to outstanding Ohio State English professors: 
 Joseph Russell Taylor, William Lucius 
 Graves, and Joseph Villiers Denney, Arts 
 College dean and English department head. 
 In April, 1960, Thurber returned to the 
 campus to speak at the dedication of the 
 new $2,250,000 Denney Hall. On that occa- 
 sion he described the three men as having 
 "meant so much to Ohio State, to all of us 
 here, to me and my life, and to my work." 
 He recalled also that "It was natural, it was 
 inevitable," twenty years earlier, when he 
 and Elliott Nugent began writing The Male 
 Animal, that they "should pattern our DeaD 
 
Thurber 
 
 634 
 
 of English in the play, Dr. Damon, upon the 
 length and light of Joe Denney." At the 
 dedication he spoke also of the late Herman 
 Miller as having "meant as much to me as 
 any man who ever lived." For years the 
 University had a rigid policy of requiring 
 military drill of all freshmen and sopho- 
 mores unless excused for physical disability 
 or other necessity. The Arts College also had 
 a biological science requirement. Because of 
 his impaired vision, Thurber was in diffi- 
 culty on both counts. In his botany course he 
 was unable to see through a microscope, even 
 with his "good" eye. Thurber has an in- 
 credible memory. He is one of very few 
 persons gifted with actual total recall. This 
 may have been sharpened by his blindness, 
 but he had it long before he finally lost the 
 use of what little sight remained in his 
 "good" eye. In a recorded interview for 
 The Paris Review, he dealt with this at some 
 length and said he got his unusual power of 
 memory from his mother. Not only can he 
 dredge isolated and unrelated names, facts, 
 and dates out of the past, but he can also 
 recall entire conversations and even com- 
 mencement addresses. The final loss of his 
 little remaining eyesight compelled Thurber 
 to change his methods. In the 1920s and 
 1930s he literally composed at the type- 
 writer. When he and Nugent were collabo- 
 rating on The Male Animal, Nugent would 
 say they had all their characters in the living 
 room, now what were they going to do with 
 them. Thurber's reply was that he did not 
 know and could not tell until he sat down at 
 his typewriter, then he would find out. When 
 he could no longer work at the typewriter, he 
 switched to black copy pencil on yellow 
 paper, scrawling about twenty words to a 
 page. The final stage was to learn to com- 
 pose in his head and then dictate to a secre- 
 tary, revising by having the output read and 
 reread to him. As with many writers, re- 
 writing and revision are much more of a 
 task for Thurber than the original writing. 
 In the Paris Review interview he told how 
 his still unpublished "The Train on Track 
 Six" was completely rewritten fifteen times. 
 He estimated there must have been nearly 
 240.000 words in all, yet the final version 
 was not more than 20.000 words. He re- 
 called having written only one piece quickly. 
 On another occasion, when his wife criti- 
 cized something he had written as "high 
 school stuff," he told her to wait until the 
 seventh draft when it would work out all 
 right. He could not explain why the first 
 draft or two of everything he wrote read 
 as if it had been "turned out by a char- 
 woman." Thurber credits E. B. White more 
 ihan Harold Ross, editor of The New 
 
 Yorker, with influencing his style of writing. 
 After his years of newspaper writing, he 
 says, it was White who really taught him 
 about writing and especially how to clarify 
 journalese. The author also says he never 
 quite knows when he is not writing; he may 
 find himself working at a party or at the 
 dinner table, but it is more likely to be at 
 the morning sessions with himself devoted 
 to turning things over in his mind. He ex- 
 plans that he has to do this because of his 
 eyes. Thurber is a stickler for details, with 
 a real passion for accuracy in his writing, 
 especially in factual pieces. When he was 
 doing the piece about Ryder for The Thur- 
 ber Album, he recalled seeing Ryder in his 
 electric runabout but never at the wheel of 
 the Cadillac that he drove in later years. He 
 recalled Col. E. S. Wilson, Ryder's father- 
 in-law, not as "a pumpkin pie man" as some 
 insisted, but "mainly as a cherry pie man." 
 He credits Ryder, a widely quoted news- 
 paper humorist, with having been the one 
 who first inspired him. For minor details, 
 such as an earlier Ryder street address, 
 Thurber relied upon Columbus newspaper- 
 men who had also known and worked for 
 Ryder. On their word he accepted the fact 
 that the editor always wore a black bow tie 
 and, after his health failed, lived in a house 
 on a hillside overlooking "Oakland Bay" in 
 Berkeley, Calif. Thurber was most unhappy 
 after publication when he learned that 
 Ryder actually affected dark blue ties and, 
 as anyone should have known, it was San 
 Francisco Bay. In a letter of the time from 
 Bermuda, he wrote: "The New Yorker under 
 Ross didn't make that many mistakes in two 
 years, and I hope it's only a passing letdown 
 as a result of grief and a natural lack of 
 concentration in the months following his 
 death." This was not long after Ross died. 
 His attention was called to the fact that the 
 name of Joseph S. Myers, longtime journal- 
 ism head at Ohio State, was spelled "Myers" 
 and not "Meyers" as it appeared. In a post- 
 script he protested, "I know how to spell 
 Myers, but the New Yorker checkers found 
 it spelled Meyers in some official Ohio State 
 records, and changed it without telling me. 
 They also wanted to spell "Chic" Harley's 
 name Chick, but I prevented that. It ap- 
 pears as Chick in a standard sports source 
 book, which also lists him as a fullback. I 
 slopped that, too. . . ." Thurber feels strongly 
 about many issues, including the recurring 
 one of academic freedom. In 1951, for ex- 
 ample, he objected to the adoption by Ohio 
 State University trustees of a rule under 
 which outside speakers had to be screened 
 before they could come to the campus. 
 "Such a gag rule," he remarked in a letter, 
 
635 
 
 Thurber 
 
 "is likely to extend rather than to decrease 
 in time. I wonder what they will do in the 
 case of various men, like myself, who have 
 spoken, without notes, to English and jour- 
 nalism classes." He noted that he had always 
 been "a vehement anti-communist, a fact 
 that could be proved in a few hours of re- 
 search, but I have no doubt that, like almost 
 all writers, I will one day be named as a 
 Red." He felt positive that "a communist 
 speaker could not possibly sway an Ohio 
 State audience and that in refusing to let 
 communists talk, the university deprives it- 
 self of a wonderful chance to heckle and 
 confound such speakers. If we cannot be 
 strong enough Americans to withstand such 
 arguments, if we are in such danger of being 
 politically debauched, then all we have in 
 the Western Conference is the greatest foot- 
 ball area in the world. . . ." An author or an 
 artist may not have the best perspective of 
 himself. Nevertheless, his opinions and im- 
 pressions about his work and himself are 
 sometimes valuable, often significant, and 
 certainly interesting. For the preparation of 
 this sketch, Thurber was asked seven specific 
 questions, which he answered promptly. The 
 questions and the replies follow: 
 
 Q. What aspects of your work do you 
 
 now regard as most important? 
 A. I try to make as perceptive and help- 
 ful a comment on the human predica- 
 ment as I can, in fables, fairy tales, 
 stories, and essays. I am surprised that 
 so few people see the figure of serious- 
 ness in the carpet of my humor and 
 comedy. My favorite recent book is 
 Further Fables for Our Time, which 
 strives to say things sharply, but enter- 
 tainingly, about men and women, Man 
 and Woman, politicians and people. I 
 am proud that it won the award given 
 in 1957 by the Fund for the Republic 
 of the Ford Foundation for the work 
 in the entire field of imaginative litera- 
 ture that had done the most for the 
 cause of liberty and justice. It was 
 selected by a committee that included 
 two professors, a poet, and a librarian, 
 and represented the country at large. 
 Q. Do you think your drawings will hold 
 
 interest as long as your writings? 
 A. I have no idea what things of mine, if 
 any, will be remembered after I am 
 dead, and I don't give it much 
 thought. You can get any kind of 
 opinion you want about the drawings. 
 On the whole, my work, as writer and 
 cartoonist, has been as well received in 
 England as here, whatever that may 
 indicate. 
 
 Q. What do you regard now as your best 
 single work? 
 
 A. I let other people pick my best single 
 work, and never speculate about it. 
 Further Fables for Our Time is the 
 best from a social consciousness view- 
 point, I guess, but I should also in- 
 clude my original book, Fables for 
 Our Time. I have often said, "My 
 best book is the one I'm working on." 
 
 Q. Apart from what is in the Album, 
 who had the greatest influence upon 
 you in what might be called your 
 formative years? 
 
 A. As Thornton Wilder has said, we are 
 all influenced by other writers to be- 
 gin with, but must throw off that in- 
 fluence as we mature. I had to throw 
 off the influence of Henry James and 
 Joseph Hergesheimer, and the tendency 
 to write such a Jamesian sentence as 
 this: "First of all, it occurred to me, 
 there was one thing, to begin with, to 
 do." and such a Hergesheimerism as 
 this: "He remembered a girl in a boat, 
 on a river, when it was summer, and 
 afternoon." 
 
 Q. Would you say that any other living 
 writer has influenced you, consciously 
 or unconsciously? 
 
 A. When I went to The New Yorker in 
 1927, after ten years of newspaper 
 writing, I learned a lot from E. B. 
 White's fine clarity and pure declara- 
 tive sentences. The way I write now, 
 however, is absolutely my own, I 
 think. 
 
 Q. What has been your most productive 
 period, or would you say that you are 
 still in it and see no immediate end 
 to it? 
 
 A. I have published five books since 1955, 
 and got the play on [A Thurber Car- 
 nival], written about twenty pieces, 
 and am working now on two new 
 fairy tales and a play. In my spare 
 time I have written five thousand 
 letters. 
 
 Q. Speculating, do you think you might 
 have found some other outlet if The 
 New Yorker had not been available to 
 you? 
 
 A. I had written for Harper's, the Sunday 
 
 Times, World, Herald, Kansas City 
 
 Star, and Vanity Fair, and others, and 
 
 had been offered editorial jobs on 
 
 Liberty and on Time before going to 
 
 The New Yorker. 
 
 As of 1960 a tally of Thurber's output 
 
 showed 23 books and two plays. The plays 
 
 were The Male Animal (1940), done in 
 
 collaboration with actor Elliott Nugent, a 
 
Thurber 
 
 636 
 
 fellow Ohioan, and A Thurber Carnival. 
 Both plays were Broadway hits and The Male 
 Animal, which had a Broadway revival in 
 the early 1950s, was also made into a movie. 
 The premiere of Carnival, appropriately, was 
 in Columbus. It continued to undergo furi- 
 ous Thurber rewriting and revision until it 
 reached New York some six weeks later. A 
 current British film, The Battle of the Sexes, 
 starring Peter Sellers, is based on the Thur- 
 ber story "The Catbird Seat." Only one of 
 the book-length works was the result of a 
 collaboration. This was the humorous Is Sex 
 Necessary? (1929), which was done with 
 E. B. White. His other works, some of them 
 collections of pieces which appeared origi- 
 nally in The New Yorker, include The Owl 
 in the Attic (1931); The Seal in the Bed- 
 room (1932); My Life and Hard Times 
 (1933); The Middle Aged Man on the Fly- 
 ing Trapeze (1935); Let Your Mind Alone 
 (1937); The Last Flower (1939); Fables 
 for Our Time (1940); The Secret Life of 
 Walter Mitty (1942); My World— and Wel- 
 come to It (1942); Many Moons (1943); 
 Men, Women and Dogs (1943); The Great 
 Quillow (1944); The Thurber Carnival 
 (1945); The White Deer (1945); The Beast 
 in Me, and Other Animals (1948); The 
 Thirteen Clocks (1950); The Thurber Al- 
 bum (1952); Thurber Country (1953); 
 Thurber' s Dogs (1955); Further Fables for 
 Our Time (1956); The Wonderful O (1957); 
 Alarms and Diversions (1957); and The 
 Years with Ross (1959). A number of the 
 books, as noted, were autobiographical in 
 nature. Among these were the familiar My 
 Life and Hard Times and The Thurber Al- 
 bum. Even The Years with Ross, although 
 mainly about his longtime New Yorker col- 
 league, necessarily had much in it about 
 Thurber. Before 1940, when his eyesight 
 failed completely, Thurber illustrated several 
 books by other authors. One of these, in 
 1938, was How to Raise a Dog, by J. R. 
 Kinney. Another, a year later, was Men Can 
 Take It by Elizabeth Hawes. Two others 
 were No Nice Girl Swears by Alice Leone 
 Moates, and In a Word by Margaret Ernst. 
 He wrote four musical comedies for Scarlet 
 Mask, a men's dramatic group on the Ohio 
 State campus. In order, these were O My! 
 Omar; Many Moons; The Cat and the Rid- 
 dle; and Tell Me Not. Various Thurber 
 pieces have been included in anthologies of 
 one sort or another. The Male Animal, for 
 example, was republished in a standard col- 
 lection of ten plays. The well-known piece 
 "The Night the Bed Fell" has appeared in 
 countless anthologies, and "The Secret Life 
 of Walter Mitty" is in at least thirty. "The 
 Catbird Seat" and "University Days" have 
 
 been reprinted many times. Apart from the 
 world-wide acclaim for his work, various 
 honors have come to Thurber, academic and 
 otherwise. In 1953 he was awarded the 
 Ohioana Sesquicentennial medal from the 
 Ohioana Library Association. In 1957 his 
 Further Fables for Our Time, as noted, won 
 the award given by the Fund for the Repub- 
 lic. Kenyon College was the first to confer 
 an honorary degree upon him; in 1950 it 
 gave him a Litt. D. The next year Williams 
 College followed with an L.H.D. In 1953 he 
 was the recipient of a Litt. D. from Yale. 
 It is not generally known that in 1951 he 
 declined an honorary degree from Ohio 
 State because of disagreement over the trus- 
 tee "speakers' rule," which he regarded as a 
 violation of academic freedom. As of 1960 
 James Thurber is full of years but still full 
 of works, as his plans for the future attest. 
 For 35 years he has made New York the 
 center of his activity, but, cosmopolite 
 though he is, he has remained at heart an 
 Ohioan. He could not be present to receive 
 the Ohioana Sesquicentennial medal, but his 
 message was read for him. He said in part: 
 "It is a great moment for an Ohio writer 
 living far from home when he realizes that 
 he has not been forgotten by the state he 
 can't forget." Many of his books, he added, 
 "prove that I am never very far away from 
 Ohio in my thoughts, and that the clocks 
 that strike in my dreams are often the clocks 
 of Columbus." In passing, he paid tribute 
 also to his mother, who died in 1955 at the 
 age of 89, saying that "without her I never 
 would have been able to write what I have 
 managed to write." Whatever his ultimate 
 stature, James Grover Thurber undoubtedly 
 stands first among Ohio writers of the mid- 
 twentieth century and certainly among 
 America's top three or four of that period. 
 At the time of his 55th birthday, in 1949, a 
 writer in the New York Times Sunday Maga- 
 zine called him "America's most subtle and 
 gifted humorist." Time magazine the next 
 year put it a little differently. It said that 
 Thurber was "only every other inch a comic 
 writer; in between, he is a psychologist as 
 keen as any now writing in the U. S." E. B. 
 White once said of him that "Thurber in- 
 habits a world of his own." There is no 
 question of his rank as the top American 
 humorist of his time, but there are strong 
 signs of a growing awareness of the under- 
 lying serious purpose of much of his writing. 
 From what he has said publicly and pri- 
 vately, this is how he would want it. 
 
 James E. Pollard 
 
 Editor's Note: James Thurber died in New 
 York City shortly after the above biographi- 
 cal sketch was set in type. 
 
637 
 
 Thwing, C. F. 
 
 THURSTIN, WESLEY S. (June 11, 1838- 
 July 23, 1910), lawyer, was born on a 
 farm near Bowling Green, Wood County. 
 He served throughout the Civil War in the 
 111th O.V.I, and later wrote the history of 
 his regiment. A graduate of the University 
 of Michigan Law School, he practiced in 
 Toledo. His death occurred in that city. 
 History One Hundred and Eleventh Regi- 
 ment O.V.I., Toledo, 1894. 
 
 THURSTON, HOWARD (July 20, 1869- 
 April 13, 1936), magician, was born in 
 Columbus, Franklin County. He was edu- 
 cated at Moody and Sankey School, North- 
 field, Mass. He performed as a magician 
 from an early age and made several world 
 tours with Harry Kellar (q.v.) and alone. He 
 published books on card tricks, a mystery 
 drama, The Demon, and an autobiography: 
 My Life of Magic, Philadelphia, [1929]. 
 WWW 1 
 
 THWING, CARRIE F. BUTLER (April 30, 
 1855-April 24, 1898), was born in Farm- 
 ington, Maine. A graduate of Vassar Col- 
 lege, she married Charles F. Thwing (q.v.) 
 in 1879, and in 1890 she came with him 
 to Cleveland. Her book was posthumously 
 published. 
 
 Journal of a Tour in Europe, Cleveland, 
 1899. 
 
 THWING, CHARLES FRANKLIN (Nov. 9, 
 1853-Aug. 24, 1937), clergyman and uni- 
 versity president, was born in New Sharon, 
 Maine, a small village in southeastern 
 Franklin County, the son of a tanner. 
 He was descended through his mother from 
 Stephen Hopkins, who came in the May- 
 flower, and through his father, Joseph Perk- 
 ins Thwing, from Benjamin Thwing. who 
 migrated from England to Massachusetts 
 in 1635. Thwing's secondary education was 
 secured at Phillips Andover Academy, from 
 which he graduated at the age of eighteen 
 and where he spent a postgraduate year 
 before entering Harvard College in 1872. 
 At the Academy he distinguished himself 
 as a student, a debater, and a writer. In 
 1876 he was graduated from Harvard cum 
 laude, ranking third in his class. Two years 
 before, he had had the rare distinction of 
 election to Phi Beta Kappa as a sophomore. 
 He entered the Phillips Andover Theological 
 Seminary in 1876, graduating in 1879. Upon 
 graduation he was ordained a Congrega- 
 tional minister and began his career as 
 pastor of the North Avenue Congregational 
 Church of Cambridge, Mass., serving there 
 until 1886. A second pastorate was then 
 begun at the Plymouth Congregational 
 
 Church of Minneapolis, Minn. This ended 
 in 1890 with his acceptance of a repeated 
 invitation to become president of Western 
 Reserve University in Cleveland. On No- 
 vember 11, 1890, at the age of 37, he was 
 inaugurated and he served in that position 
 until his retirement in 1921. From a super- 
 ficial point of view, Western Reserve was 
 not an impressive institution. It had de- 
 veloped out of Western Reserve College 
 for men, founded in 1826 in the village 
 of Hudson, about 25 miles south of Cleve- 
 land. Its name was derived from that of 
 the northeastern section of Ohio, which 
 was the "Connecticut Western Reserve" and 
 was settled to a considerable extent by 
 former residents of that New England 
 state. The old college was modeled on the 
 New England colleges and drew largely on 
 them for its teachers. In 1844 a medical 
 school in Cleveland affiliated as the medi- 
 cal department of the college. In 1882 a 
 wealthy Cleveland business man, Amasa 
 Stone, offered to the trustees of the college 
 a considerable endowment and a free site 
 in Cleveland, on condition that the college 
 be removed to Cleveland and that its name 
 be changed to Adelbert College of West- 
 ern Reserve University, in memory of Mr. 
 Stone's son who had been drowned while 
 a student at Yale. This offer was accepted 
 by the trustees. The shift embittered the 
 townspeople of Hudson, as well as many 
 of the alumni of the Hudson days. A fur- 
 ther source of conflict was the introduction 
 of coeducation by President Carroll Cutler 
 (1872-1886). In 1888 the "coeducation" 
 was changed to "co-ordination" by the 
 creation of the College for Women (now 
 Flo.a Stone Mather College of Western Re- 
 serve University), with a separate campus 
 and, eventually, with a separate faculty. 
 Since both the move and the struggle over 
 coeducation had left a trail of resentment 
 on the part of some alumni, students, fac- 
 ulty, and the public, it is apparent that Dr. 
 Thwing was not picking a bed of roses. At 
 the time of his inauguration in 1890, the 
 number of students was eighty in Adelbert 
 College, 45 in the College for Women, and 
 121 in the Medical School — 246 in all. 
 The faculty numbered forty, and there were 
 four buildings on the two campuses, in ad- 
 dition to the medical school in the down- 
 town area. By 1921, when Dr. Thwing re- 
 tired, the number of faculties had in- 
 creased to eight by the addition of the 
 Schools of Law, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Grad- 
 uate Study, and Social Work, and the De- 
 partment of Religious Education. The fac- 
 ulty had grown to 181, the student body 
 to 2,118. The budget had risen from $100,- 
 
Thwing, C. F. 
 
 638 
 
 000 to $700,000; the library, from 25,000 
 volumes to 150,000; the four buildings, to 
 22. Dr. Thwing survived his retirement by 
 sixteen years, dying in Cleveland at the 
 age of 83. He was married twice: in 1879 
 to Carrie F. Butler (see Carrie F. B. 
 Thwing), who bore him two daughters and 
 a son, of whom the latter survives; and in 
 1906 to Mary Gardiner Dunning (d.1931). 
 President Thwing was an impressive figure, 
 tall, solidly built, not inclined to stoutness. 
 His normal aspect was serious but he smiled 
 easily and laughed heartily. His very pro- 
 nounced New England accent was worn 
 down only slightly in fifty years of living in 
 the Middle West. With his equipment of 
 body and speech he could have been a 
 forbidding figure, but he was not. Dr. 
 Thwing was a very industrious man. 
 Throughout much of his tenure he arrived 
 at eight o'clock every morning at his office 
 in the administration building, a room open- 
 ing directly off the main entrance. His door 
 was always open. If he was not to be seen, 
 it was probably because he was concealed 
 behind the large rolltop desk that presented 
 its back to the door. Anyone from a fresh- 
 man to a trustee could enter and be received 
 with courtesy and friendliness. For a good 
 part of his tenure, he knew every under- 
 graduate by name. This was possible be- 
 cause he had developed a memory for 
 names and faces while in the ministry; after 
 each church service he had formed the 
 habit, with Mrs. Thwing's help, of going 
 over the names of all members of the 
 congregation who had been present. In 
 1902 one freshman (the writer) took his 
 mother in to meet Dr. Thwing. The next 
 time they met was at the baccalaureate 
 service, four years later, when the student 
 was graduating. The father and mother of 
 the young man were waiting at the back 
 of the church for the appearance of their 
 son. Dr. Thwing stopped on his way out 
 of the church and said, "How do you do, 
 Mrs. Gehlke." His mnemonic ability was 
 assisted by his meeting all freshmen in sec- 
 tions of thirty or less in a required course in 
 the Bible. In addition, he frequently led 
 daily chapel in the two colleges, so that he 
 remained in continuous contact with all 
 undergraduates. Though a man of very 
 serious aspect and great dignity, he could 
 meet social situations with neatness, humor, 
 and dispatch. One very hot summer after- 
 noon Professor Bourland, who was noted 
 among his colleagues for his quick-witted- 
 ness, was reading in his office. His shoeless 
 feet were on his desk, his shirt was open 
 to the third button, and he was smoking a 
 black, odorous pipe. Someone knocked on 
 
 the door. "Come in," he called. There stood 
 the president with a very distinguished- 
 looking man, who might have been a for- 
 eigner. With a perfectly straight face, Dr. 
 Thwing asked, "Have you seen Professor 
 Bourland?" "No," replied the astonished, 
 but resourceful, Professor Bourland, "he was 
 here, but he left about fifteen minutes ago." 
 The President and the visitor withdrew. 
 Some years after his retirement, Mrs. 
 Thwing lured him into taking a hand at 
 bridge, a totally new experience for most 
 clergymen of his generation. After about 
 three rounds had been played, Dr. Thwing 
 threw his cards face up on the table and 
 said, "My dear, if I must go to hell, I 
 should prefer some other way!" When some 
 student in his course in the Bible made 
 an answer which did neither his intelligence 
 nor his knowledge credit. Dr. Thwing would 
 say very seriously, "Your answer is sig- 
 nificant," and go on to the next student. 
 Very few students, if any, failed this course. 
 Undergraduates of Dr. Thwing's era re- 
 member the faculty receptions which oc- 
 curred four or five times a year. A receiv- 
 ing line, headed by the president and con- 
 sisting usually of four professors, each 
 with his wife, constituted the one hurdle 
 for the undergraduate antecedent to the tea 
 and cookies. A popular sport among the 
 students was noting the corruption of their 
 surnames as they passed from a perfect 
 pronunciation by Dr. Thwing through the 
 eight repetitions following. At one of the 
 teas Dr. Thwing, in conversation with a 
 student, said, "Mr. Smith, you reek of 
 tobacco." This was true. "Don't you like 
 tobacco, Dr. Thwing?" "I do not! Beah is 
 bittah, tobacco is bittah. I do not like bittah 
 things. Therefore I do not like beah or to- 
 bacco!" This is a fairly accurate suggestion 
 of both his style and his accent. The Presi- 
 dent's residence, across the street from the 
 campus of the College for Women, was 
 known to many of the students. He kept 
 open house for faculty and students on Sun- 
 day afternoons. Dr. Thwing's recreation 
 was writing. In addition to many articles 
 he was the author of more than thirty books, 
 of which 28 had titles including the words 
 "education," "college," or "university." The 
 title of his first published work was Ameri- 
 can Colleges, Their Students and Work 
 (1878). It was published before his gradua- 
 tion from Andover Theological Seminary. In 
 1887 he and his wife issued a study on The 
 Family (second edition, 1913). After his ca- 
 reer as president of the university began, 
 came The College Woman (1894). From 
 1900 to 1920, eighteen of the nineteen titles 
 are in his favorite field. From 1920. the 
 
639 
 
 Tibbies 
 
 year before he retired, to 1935, two years 
 before his death, eight of the eleven titles 
 fall in the general class of higher educa- 
 tion. Dr. Thwing had among his friends 
 many persons of distinction whom he char- 
 acterized in brief appraisals in his two 
 volumes Guides, Philosophers and Friends. 
 Studies of College Men (1927) and Friends 
 of Men. A Second Series of Guides, Philoso- 
 phers and Friends (1933). His last pub- 
 lished work was The American College and 
 University; A Human Fellowship (1935). 
 If Dr. Thwing's devotion to his career as 
 university president could be summarized 
 with the words "This one thing I do," cer- 
 tainly his published works are a further 
 evidence of the unity of the man and the 
 job throughout a period of 45 years, from 
 1890 to 1935. During his presidency Dr. 
 Thwing received numerous honors. He was 
 secretary of the Board of Trustees of the 
 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement 
 of Teaching; he was an elector of the Hall 
 of Fame; life senator and (1922-1928) 
 president of the United Chapters of Phi 
 Beta Kappa; member of the Society of Arts 
 and Sciences, and of the American Academy 
 of Arts and Sciences; and an honorary 
 member of the Colonial Society of Massa- 
 chusetts, as well as a member of a number 
 of other local and national boards of 
 trustees. 
 
 Charles E. Gehlke 
 
 American Colleges, Their Students and 
 
 Work, New York, 1878. 
 The Reading of Books: Its Pleasures, Prof- 
 its, and Perils, Boston, 1883. 
 The Family: An Historical and Social Study, 
 
 (with Carrie F. Butler Thwing), Boston, 
 
 1887. 
 Within College Walls, New York, 1893. 
 The College Woman, New York, 1894. 
 The American College in American Life, 
 
 New York, 1897. 
 Carrie F. Butler Thwing; An Appreciation 
 
 by Friends . . . , Cleveland, 1899. 
 The Choice of a College for a Boy, New 
 
 York, 1899. 
 College Administration, New York, 1900. 
 God in His World, Boston, 1900. 
 The Youth's Dream of Life, Boston, 1900. 
 // / Were a College Student, New York, 
 
 1902. 
 A Liberal Education and Liberal Faith . . . , 
 
 New York, 1904. 
 A History of Higher Education in the United 
 
 States since the Civil War, Boston, 1910. 
 Universities of the World, New York, 1911. 
 Letters from a Father to His Son Entering 
 
 College, New York, 1912. 
 The Recovery of the Home, Philadelphia, 
 
 1912. 
 
 Letters from A Father to His Daughter 
 Entering College, New York, 1913. 
 
 Notes on the History of the College for 
 Women of Western Reserve University 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1913. 
 
 The American College, What It Is, and 
 What It May Become, New York, 1914. 
 
 Education According to Some Modern 
 Masters, New York, 1916. 
 
 The Ministry; An Appeal to College Men, 
 Boston, 1916. 
 
 The Training of Men for the World's Fu- 
 ture, New York, 1916. 
 
 The College Gateway . . . , Boston, 1918. 
 
 The American Colleges and Universities in 
 the Great War . . . , New York, 1920. 
 
 Human Australasia . . . , New York, 1926. 
 
 Guides, Philosophers and Friends . . . , 
 New York, 1927. 
 
 The American and the German University 
 . . . , New York, 1928. 
 
 Education and Religion . . . , New York, 
 1929. 
 
 American Society: Interpretations of Edu- 
 cational and Other Forces, New York, 
 1931. 
 
 Friends of Men . . . , New York, 1933. 
 
 The American College and University; A 
 Human Fellowship, New York, 1935. 
 
 TIBBALS, SEYMOUR SELDEN (Feb. 9. 
 1869-Jan. 8, 1949), journalist, publisher, and 
 playwright, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. When he was nine, his father died, 
 and his mother moved to Franklin, Warren 
 County, where he spent the remainder of his 
 life. He was for a time a partner in Eldridge 
 Entertainment House. From 1889 until his 
 death he also owned and edited the Franklin 
 Chronicle, in which he regularly published a 
 column, "The Rounder." He married Mary 
 Eldridge in 1918. He published a number of 
 plays for presentation by clubs and schools, 
 e.g., Christmas at Biddy Flinn's, Franklin, 
 1931. WWW 3 
 
 TIBBLES, THOMAS HENRY (May 22, 
 1838-May 14, 1928), journalist, was born in 
 Washington County. Numerous legends arose 
 concerning his early life. He is said to have 
 run away from home at the age of six and 
 been taken to Missouri by a group of emi- 
 grants. He was with John Brown in Kansas 
 in 1856. He attended Mount Union College 
 for a time. During the Civil War he served as 
 a guide on the plains, and after the war he 
 was an itinerant Methodist preacher. In the 
 1870s he worked on various Nebraska news- 
 papers. In 1879 he aroused national attention 
 by defending a group of Poncas who had 
 traveled from Oklahoma to join the Omahas. 
 Tibbies found attorneys for the Poncas, and 
 
Tichenor 
 
 640 
 
 after they were freed he lectured widely on 
 the Indian problem. In 1881 he married a girl 
 of the Omaha tribe. He was active in the 
 National Farmers' Alliance and the Populist 
 movement and was a candidate for Vice- 
 President on the People's Party ticket in 1904. 
 He founded the Independent at Lincoln, Neb., 
 in 1895, edited the Investigator, 1905-10, and 
 wrote for the Omaha World-Herald from 
 1910 until his death. His book on the Poncas 
 was published under the pen name Zylyff. 
 The Ponca Chiefs . . . , Boston, 1880. 
 Hidden Power. A Secret History of the In- 
 dian Rug .... New York, 1881. 
 The American Peasant. A Timely Allegory, 
 Chicago, 1892. 
 
 TICHENOR, WILLIAM COLLETT (Sept. 3, 
 1868-July 28, 1947), lawyer, was born in 
 Lebanon, Warren County. He practiced law 
 and lived on a farm near Waynesville. Under 
 the pen name Smith Selfridge, he published a 
 pamphlet of poems and songs in 1939; he also 
 published a legal study of farm contracts and 
 A Guide to Fort Ancient, Lebanon, 1916. 
 
 TIFFANY, JOEL (1811-1893), lawyer, was 
 born in Connecticut, but lived in northeastern 
 Ohio for more than twenty years. He prac- 
 ticed law in Elyria, 1835-48, and later lived 
 in Cleveland and Painesville. After leaving 
 Ohio in the late 1850s, he lived in New York 
 City, Albany, and Chicago. He lectured 
 widely on spiritualism, temperance, and abo- 
 lition. A debate with Isaac Errett (q.v.) was 
 published as Modern Spiritualism Compared 
 with Christianity, Warren, 1855. He also pub- 
 lished several legal works. 
 
 A Treatise on the Unconstitutionality of 
 
 American Slavery . . . , Cleveland, 1849. 
 Lectures on Spiritualism . . . , Cleveland, 
 
 1851. 
 A Treatise on Government . . . , Albany, 
 
 N. Y., 1867. 
 Man and His Destiny . . . , Chicago. 1880. 
 The Astral World, Higher Occult Powers, 
 
 Chicago, 1910. 
 
 TIFFANY, NINA MOORE (Sept. 2, 1852- 
 Sept. 29, 1958), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. In 1889 she married the 
 eminent Minnesota attorney Francis Bu- 
 chanan Tiffany, and after her marriage she 
 lived in St. Paul, Minn. She died in St. 
 Paul at the age of 106. 
 Pilgrims and Puritans . . . , Boston, 1888. 
 William Lloyd Garrison, Boston, 1888. 
 From Colony to Commonwealth . . . , Bos- 
 ton, 1891. 
 Samuel E. Sewall . . . , New York, 1898. 
 Harm Jan Huidekoper, (with Francis Tif- 
 
 fany and Francis Buchanan Tiffany), 
 Cambridge, [Mass.], 1904. 
 Pathbreakers, Boston, 1949. 
 
 TILDES, OLGA ALICE (March 28, 1901- 
 July 23, 1950), educator, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. She attended 
 Cleveland Normal School, taught for more 
 than twenty years in the Cleveland schools, 
 and graduated from the University of Chi- 
 cago in 1929. She died in Cleveland. She 
 published a book on spiritualism: The Art 
 of Communion, Boston, [1945]. 
 
 TILLINGHAST, HENRY BUCKLEY (1835- 
 July 26, 1894), was born in Vernon Heights, 
 Erie County. In 1866 he moved to Toledo, 
 where he operated the Toledo Saw Works. 
 His death occurred in Toledo. The post- 
 humous volume below was edited by La- 
 moille Till. 
 
 Biographical Selections from the Writings 
 . . . ., Toledo, 1897. 
 
 TINTO, DICK. Pseud. See Charles A. Jones. 
 
 TIPPETT. EDWIN JAMES, JR. (Nov. 20, 
 1892- ), president of the Toledo Print- 
 ing Company since 1911, was born in To- 
 ledo, Lucas County, and lived there until 
 1952, when he moved to Lambertville, 
 Mich. He attended Toledo schools and was 
 a student at the University of Toledo, 1912- 
 13. He served in World War I and since 
 1921 has been editor and publisher of the 
 Toledo American Legion Press. Besides 
 magazine articles he has published a book 
 on the experiences of an enlisted man in 
 World War I: Who Won the War? . . . , 
 [Toledo, 1920]. 
 
 TIPPY, WORTH MARION (Nov. 8, 1866- 
 Oct. 4, 1961), clergyman, born in Larwill, 
 Ind., was pastor of several Methodist 
 churches in Indiana and of Epworth Me- 
 morial Church, Cleveland, 1905-15. He 
 spent his last years in Laurel, Miss. He pub- 
 lished several books relating to the work of 
 the church, e.g., The Church and the Great 
 War, New York, [1918]. WW 26 
 
 TIPTON. THOMAS W. (Aug. 5. 1817-Nov. 
 26, 1899), lawyer, clergyman, and legisla- 
 tor, was born in Cadiz, Harrison County. 
 He grew up on a farm, graduated from 
 Madison College, Pa., read law, and was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar in 1844. He served 
 in the Ohio legislature and was employed 
 by the U. S. Land Office. 1849-52. In 1853 
 he began the practice of law in McConnels- 
 ville, and three years later he was ordained 
 to the Methodist ministry. Around 1859 he 
 
 
641 
 
 Tomlinson, W. W. 
 
 emigrated to Brownsville, Neb. He was 
 chaplain of the 1st Nebraska Infantry, 
 served in the U. S. Senate. 1867-75, and 
 afterward practiced law. His recollections 
 of his busy life were published by the Ne- 
 braska State Historical Society: Forty Years 
 of Nebraska . . . , Lincoln, 1902. 
 
 TITTLE, ERNEST FREMONT (Oct. 21, 
 
 1885-Aug. 3, 1949), clergyman, was born 
 in Springfield, Clark County. He graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1906 
 and Drew Theological Seminary in 1908. 
 As a pastor he served various churches in 
 Ohio and Illinois. He delivered lectures at 
 various universities and divinity schools; 
 many of these lecture series were published 
 in book form. He also published sermons 
 and The Religion of the Spirit . . . , New 
 York, [1928]. WWW 2 
 
 TITTLE, WALTER ERNEST (Oct. 9, 1883- 
 
 ), artist, was born in Springfield, Clark 
 County. He attended Springfield schools and 
 studied art in New York City under Robert 
 Henri. He now lives in Connecticut. Widely 
 known as an illustrator and portrait painter, 
 he has published several books, including 
 an account of his experiences in 1942-43 
 while President Roosevelt was sitting for 
 his portrait: Roosevelt as an Artist Saw 
 Him, New York, [1948]. WW 30 
 
 TITUS, HAROLD HOPPER (Feb. 23, 1896- 
 ). educator, was born in St. Martins. 
 New Brunswick, Canada. After graduating 
 from Acadia University in 1920, he came 
 to the United States, where he graduated 
 from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School in 
 1923 and the University of Chicago (Ph.D.) 
 in 1926. He has been on the faculty of 
 Denison University since 1928. Besides 
 textbooks in philosophy and ethics, he has 
 written What Is a Mature Morality?, New 
 York, 1943. WW 30 
 
 TITUS, JOHN HENRY (Feb. 1. 1853-Oct. 
 20, 1947), was born in Jefferson. Ashtabula 
 County. His personal history is filled with 
 legends, most of which he apparently orig- 
 inated during his old age in New York 
 City. He claimed to have worked as a 
 tanner while a boy and to have written his 
 first poems on scraps of bark while in the 
 tannery. In his old age he claimed to have 
 written more than 1.800 poems. In 1872, 
 he said, he published "The Face on the 
 Bar Room Floor" in the Ashtabula Sentinel 
 — a claim rendered somewhat dubious by 
 the fact that he first made it in 1929 when 
 a defendant in a rent case in New York 
 City and by the fact that a search of the 
 
 Sentinel for 1872 does not reveal the poem. 
 The poem in its familiar version was 
 claimed earlier by an actor, Hugh Antoine 
 DArcy. At any rate, Titus' verson was 
 published with a note that it was the fifth 
 canto of an epic, The Ideal Love, which 
 has never appeared: The Face on the Bar 
 Room Floor . . . , New York, [1933]. 
 
 TITLS, MURRAY THURSTON (Nov. 5, 
 1885- ), missionary, was born in Ba- 
 tavia. Clermont County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1908, studied 
 for a year at the University of Chicago, 
 and in 1910 went to India as a Methodist 
 missionary. He served in India until 1951 
 and was professor of missions. Westminster 
 Theological Seminary, Md., 1951-55. He 
 has written articles and books on the mis- 
 sion field, e.g.. The Young Moslem Looks 
 at Life, New York, [1937]. WW 27 
 
 TODD, JOHN (Nov. 10, 1818-Jan. 31, 1894), 
 clergyman, was born in West Hanover, Pa. 
 His family emigrated to Ohio, and in 1835 
 he became one of the first students to en- 
 roll at Oberlin College. He completed his 
 theological course in 1844 and was ordained 
 as a Congregational minister in the same 
 year. After serving as a pastor in Clarks- 
 field for six years, he moved to Tabor, 
 Iowa. An active abolitionist, he is said to 
 have assisted John Brown. His recollections 
 were published in the Tabor Beacon before 
 their posthumous publication in book form: 
 Early Settlement and Growth of Western 
 Iowa; Or, Reminiscences, Des Moines, Iowa, 
 1906. 
 
 TODD. WALTER EDMOND CLYDE (Sept. 
 6, 1874- ), ornithologist, was born in 
 Smithfield, Jefferson County. He was em- 
 ployed by the U. S. Department of Agri- 
 culture, 1891-99. and was curator of or- 
 nithology, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, 
 1899-1944. He now lives in Beaver, Pa. He 
 has published numerous professional articles 
 and Birds of Western Pennsylvania . . . , 
 [Pittsburgh], 1940. WW 26 
 
 TOMLINSON, ATHELIA M. (Feb. 7, 1845- 
 Jan. 24, 1915), was born and reared in 
 Cincinnati. Hamilton County. Her father, 
 Ebenezer Spencer, was editor of the Cincin- 
 nati Times. In 1869 she married Dr. Samuel 
 B. Tomlinson. She died in Avondale. 
 The Summerland and Other Poems, Cincin- 
 nati, 1889. 
 
 TOMLINSON, WILLIAM WEST (Nov. 28, 
 1893- ), educator, was born in Salem, 
 Columbiana County. After graduating from 
 
Toon 
 
 642 
 
 Swarthmore College in 1917, he served in 
 the navy, was an executive of the Scott 
 Paper Company for several years, and oper- 
 ated a firm of educational publicists. He 
 has been a member of the administrative 
 staff of Temple University since 1942. His 
 writings include The Flickering Torch; An 
 Appraisal of What We Call Freedom, New 
 York, [1942]. WW 30 
 
 TOON, GLADYS E. (Sept. 3. 1893- ), 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 She lived in Ohio until 1930, when she mar- 
 ried William H. Betty. She now lives in 
 Lakeland, Fla. She has written articles and 
 fiction for a variety of periodicals, and she 
 has also published a collection of stories: 
 The Animal Story Book, Akron, [1928]. 
 
 TOPE, HILDRED (March 14, 1900- ), 
 educator, was born in Sherrodsville, Carroll 
 County. She is married to J. Clayton Tope. 
 She has taught in the Dellroy schools and 
 is now teaching music in Carrollton. She 
 has published numerous short stories and 
 plays for boys and girls and a novel: Whoa 
 Ginger!, New York, 1945. 
 
 TOPE, HOMER W. (May 28, 1859-June 4, 
 1936), clergyman and temperance advo- 
 cate, was born in Dellroy, Carroll County. 
 After graduating from Harlem Springs Col- 
 lege, Carroll County, in 1885 and Mt. 
 Airy Theological Seminary in 1888, he was 
 ordained as a Lutheran minister. He served 
 churches in Ohio and Illinois and was an 
 official of the Anti-Saloon League. He pub- 
 lished Lecture on Gustavus Adolphus, Al- 
 bany, N. Y., 1903. WWW 1 
 
 TOPE, MELANCTHON (Jan. 28, 1858- 
 April 28, 1945), phrenologist, was born in 
 Leavittsville, Carroll County. After his 
 marriage in 1883 to Permelia Gamble, he 
 lived in Bowerston until his death; he 
 taught school there and also edited the 
 Bowerston Patriot. In 1895 he established a 
 correspondence school in phrenology, and 
 he also published the Phrenological Era, 
 1905-30. His writings include a family his- 
 tory, charts and pamphlets on phrenology, 
 and A Biography of William Holmes Mc- 
 Guffey . . . , Bowerston, 1929. 
 
 TOPPIN, ISABEL WHITEHOLSE, was born 
 
 in Newport, Ky., but her family later moved 
 to Cincinnati. In 1914 she married James 
 Toppin. and they lived in Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 while he was associated with the New York 
 Sun. In 1919 they returned to Ohio and 
 purchased the Genoa Times, and a year 
 later they established a weekly, the Sun, in 
 
 Toledo. Since her husband's death in 1949. 
 she has edited and published the paper with 
 the assistance of her son. She has been 
 active in the temperance movement and in 
 civic affairs. Her poems have appeared in 
 numerous periodicals, and she has published 
 two collections, the first being Poems of 
 Isabel Whitehouse Toppin, Toledo, [1927]. 
 WO 2 
 
 TORRENCE, FREDERIC RIDGELY (Nov 
 27, 1875-Dec. 25, 1950), was born in Xenia, 
 Greene County. He was educated at Miami 
 University and Princeton University. On 
 graduating from Princeton he settled in 
 New York City, where he published his first 
 book and where he worked for six years in 
 the New York Public Library. In 1914 he 
 married Olivia Howard Dunbar, also a 
 writer. He later served on the editorial 
 staffs of the Cosmopolitan and New Repub- 
 lic. Among his closest friends were William 
 Vaughan Moody and Edwin Arlington Rob- 
 inson. He was deeply interested in the 
 theater, especially in plays about and for 
 Negroes. He was a pioneer in this field; his 
 Plays for a Negro Theatre was a harbinger 
 of Emperor Jones, Porgy, and other plays 
 of the Negro renaissance of the 1920s. He 
 died in New York City. As a rule, a bio- 
 graphical sketch of a noteworthy man lim- 
 its itself to recording his accomplishments. 
 But with Ridgely Torrence, I feel it is not 
 only permissible but imperative to speak of 
 the man himself. Vis-a-vis with Ridgely 
 Torrence, one knew oneself confronting a 
 beautiful person rather than a handsome 
 man. His courtesy, his culture, and his spir- 
 itual refinement made themselves immedi- 
 ately felt. He was tall and erect and rather 
 loosely articulated. I remember his spring- 
 ing, youthful gait, with a slight "give" at 
 the waist, as he would set out of an evening 
 to walk from the MacDowell Colony to the 
 village of Peterborough. When I first met 
 Ridgely, he was growing gray, though in 
 youth he must have been blond. His eyes, 
 very wide-open, were of brightest azure. 
 Those extraordinary eyes and the serenity 
 of his manner gave me the title of a poem 
 that, alas, never progressed beyond the title, 
 since it indicated though it did not fully 
 express what I had intended to convey: 
 "Light-struck Apollo and the White Poppy." 
 The white poppy was Olivia. Ridgeley's wife, 
 who by her fragility, her pallor, her quiver- 
 ing sensitivity, and her dark unfathomable 
 eyes suggested that delicate blossom at 
 whose heart cluster the dark seeds of sleep. 
 Whenever they were in a room together, 
 Olivia's eyes sought her husband's face, as 
 if she found no other object worthy of her 
 
643 
 
 Tourgee 
 
 regard. Although I saw the Torrences from 
 time to time in New York, it was at the 
 MacDowell Colony, on many successive 
 visits, that I came into closest contact with 
 them. The more discerning Colonists tried 
 to sit at the same table with Ridgely, for 
 his conversation — lively, urbane, graceful, 
 informed — was a pleasure not to be missed. 
 Though never pedantic, he was a scholar. 
 Sensing this, I questioned him once about 
 the hexameter. At once he launched upon 
 a discourse, telling me that the only per- 
 fect hexameters were in Greek; for only the 
 Greek language provided the quantities that 
 gave this poetic measure its characteristic 
 balance. "There are two pretty good ones 
 in the King James Bible, though," and he 
 quoted: "How art thou fallen from heaven, 
 O Lucifer, son of the morning!" and "God 
 has gone up with a shout, the Lord with the 
 sound of a trumpet." "They are good," he 
 said, "but not quite this," and he recited 
 a verse from Homer, the only word of 
 which I understood was Age mem non. His 
 voice rang through the room, and I caught 
 the two spondees at the end of the line. 
 Another time he was speculating about four 
 lines occurring in Emerson's poem "Uriel": 
 
 Line in nature is not found; 
 
 Unit and universe are round; 
 
 In vain produced, all rays return; 
 
 Evil will bless and ice will burn. 
 He turned to me and said, "Ask your friend 
 Einstein whether an American poet nearly 
 a hundred years ago had not already in- 
 tuited his theory of the bending of light." I 
 wrote to the Professor, whose answer was 
 almost as enigmatic as the verse: "It has 
 not yet been decided whether the universe 
 is finite or infinite." Another small incident 
 shows his playful wit. I lamented one eve- 
 ning that I had lost several working hours 
 because when I approached my studio a 
 large snake, coiled and rearing a foot into 
 the air, blocked my path. I threw unavailing 
 stones, but was too timid to approach. The 
 snake had enjoyed an unmolested sun bath 
 for several hours. Ridgely looked at me 
 with a twinkling smile. "I took you for too 
 much of a woman not to welcome a con- 
 versation with a serpent." I have to tell 
 only one other experience, heartbreaking 
 yet inspiring. After Ridgely's death I vis- 
 ited Olivia. Never have I been witness to 
 a grief so devoid of egoism. Slow tears fell 
 one by one, as if squeezed from the almost 
 sightless eyes. Without a handkerchief, she 
 rubbed them away with her clenched 
 knuckles. "Oh," she cried, "I want it shouted 
 from the housetops, I want everyone to 
 know what a great poet he was . . . what 
 a great poet!" And in a hushed voice, "And 
 
 to think . . ." it was a barely audible whisper, 
 a whisper of wonderment, "to think he 
 chose me!" Not a word of self-pity, though 
 I learned afterward that since the failing of 
 her eyesight she had been almost totally 
 dependent on her husband for her daily 
 needs. In her self-forgetfulness, she was 
 like some ancient figure of tragedy. Strong, 
 though stricken — this white poppy! 
 
 Jean Starr Untermeyer 
 The House of a Hundred Lights, Boston, 
 
 1900. 
 El Dorado. A Tragedy, New York, 1903. 
 Abelard and Heloise, New York, 1907. 
 Granny Maumee, the Rider of Dreams, 
 
 Simon the Cyrenian; Plays for a Negro 
 
 Theatre, New York. 1917. 
 Hesperides, New York, 1925. 
 The Story of Gio . . . , New York, 1935. 
 Common Sense, Play in One Act, New 
 
 York, [1941]. 
 Poems, New York, 1941. 
 The Story of John Hope, New York, 1948. 
 
 TOULMIN, HARRY AUBREY (Nov. 25, 
 1890- ), lawyer, was born in Spring- 
 field. Clark County. After graduating from 
 the University of Virginia in 1911 and Ohio 
 State University Law School in 1913, he 
 was admitted to the bar and, except for his 
 service in both World Wars, has practiced 
 in Dayton and Cincinnati. He has written 
 several books, both technical and general, 
 e.g., Patents and the Public Interest, New 
 York, 1939. WW 30 
 
 TOURGEE, ALBION WINEGAR (May 2, 
 1838-May 21, 1906), jurist, author, and 
 diplomat, was born in Williamsfield, Ashta- 
 bula County. He lived through the exciting 
 years of the Civil War and post-Civil War 
 period and became one of the sharpest if 
 not soundest observers of the national 
 scene. He is best known for a series of Re- 
 construction novels in which government 
 policies in the South are arraigned. In po- 
 litical interpretations his faction follows in 
 the tradition of Garland and Adams, though 
 his suggestions for bettering social condi- 
 tions depend not upon high consecration or 
 Populist theory but upon education and the 
 Christian Socialism of Washington Gladden 
 and W. D. P. Bliss. He was educated in 
 the Kingsville Academy and the University 
 of Rochester. Tourgee taught for a short 
 time in Wilson, N. Y., but he was just the 
 right age on the outbreak of the War Be- 
 tween the States to volunteer for the 27th 
 New York Regulars. He returned to civil 
 life for a time after a serious wound in the 
 first Battle of Bull Run (from which he 
 never fully recovered), and during this pe- 
 
Tourgee 
 
 644 
 
 riod studied law in Painesville and Ashta- 
 bula. He re-entered the army with the 105th 
 Ohio Volunteers. He was again wounded, 
 taken prisoner, and languished in four dif- 
 ferent Confederate prisons. He finally re- 
 signed from the army in 1863 after being 
 twice arrested for insubordination, though 
 the occasions, when examined, contribute 
 to an appreciation of his independence of 
 character and of his radical sympathy. In 
 1864 he was admitted to the bar, practicing 
 law in Painesville and Ashtabula until he 
 moved to Greensboro, N. C, in 1865. Here 
 he lived until 1879, working as pension 
 agent, author, lecturer, businessman, editor, 
 and, above all, judge. He became a power- 
 ful political figure as judge of the superior 
 court, 1868-75. Returning to the North in 
 1881, he settled in Mayville, N. Y., where 
 he produced the bulk of his fictional work, 
 drawing freely on his earlier experiences for 
 inspiration. From 1897 he was U. S. consul 
 at Bordeaux, France. During his later years 
 he was the author of legal works. Despite 
 his time-consuming career of publicist and 
 politician, Tourgee found time in the 22 
 years after 1874 to write sixteen stories 
 which may be classified as novels or novel- 
 ettes. These may be divided into four 
 groups: (1) Civil War novels, (2) novels 
 of entertainment, (3) historical novels sans 
 propaganda, and (4) purpose novels. The 
 most vivid of his stories were his Civil War 
 pieces, in which he treated the American 
 scene from 1850 to 1880, with emphasis 
 upon sectionalism from the days of the 
 Compromise of 1850 through Reconstruc- 
 tion. Hot Plowshares (1883) traced the rise 
 of antislavery sentiment in the North and 
 its development among Southern slavehold- 
 ers, contrasting the motives and ideals of 
 the two sections. Tourgee pictured the tre- 
 mendous industrial growth of the Northern 
 cities and attempted to interpret the re- 
 gional differences leading up to the war, but 
 the interpretation was inadequate and 
 weak. Figs and Thistles (1879), partly au- 
 tobiographical and dealing primarily with 
 the war period in the North, was distinctive 
 for its vivid battle scenes. Appearing long 
 before Crane's Red Badge of Courage, it 
 had the authority of Tourgee's actual battle 
 experience. Included also was political and 
 financial satire, directed principally against 
 the Credit Mobilier. The Story of a Thou- 
 sand (1896), a history of the 105th Ohio 
 Volunteers, proved the autobiographical 
 character of the war interpretation. Toinette 
 (1874), published under the pen name 
 Henry Churton, treated the caste and love 
 problem of a Southerner and an octoroon 
 and touched upon Southern views in the 
 
 same period as Figs and Thistles. It was 
 the first real Reconstruction novel. A Fool's 
 Errand (1879), the best known of all Tour- 
 gee's novels, related the experiences of a 
 Northern Republican in the South during 
 the Reconstruction, his failures, and his 
 gradual acquisition of tolerance. When the 
 novel was published anonymously, it 
 aroused a storm of public interest that sent 
 it speedily into the best-seller list. Guesses 
 at the identity of the author were numerous 
 and included the names of Edmund Kirk 
 and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Its writer was 
 hailed as the Victor Hugo of America. 
 Proclaiming that the Reconstruction Act 
 had failed dismally, Tourgee sought for a 
 solution that would bring happiness to a 
 desolated region and relieve the tensions 
 that had built up. The Ku Klux terror, fur- 
 ther amplified in The Invisible Empire 
 (1880), furnished true incidents in which 
 Tourgee could blacken the Ku Kluxers and 
 point to the paradox of liberated slaves 
 called upon to exercise duties of citizenship 
 without training or education. Although the 
 novel has lost its first appeal, it has re- 
 mained a small but significant contribution 
 to American literature. Bricks Without Straw 
 (1880) had a talismanic title that carried 
 half its burden. Dealing with the same Re- 
 construction era, it told the same story of 
 education as the two books which preceded 
 it. At times in these books Tourgee took 
 rather positive positions and was accused of 
 prejudice and bias. But, though he concen- 
 trated on a straightforward message to the 
 exclusion of the rampant corruption of the 
 era, he was not particularly partisan in his 
 views, and he did point to the failure of 
 the governmental policies after 1868. The 
 prose study An Appeal to Caesar (1884) 
 was a restatement of his ideas about the 
 Negro. Two short stories, "Tante An- 
 gelique" and "Zouri's Christmas," and two 
 novelettes, John Eax and Mamelon (1882), 
 completed Tourgee's interpretation of 
 America from 1850 to 1880. The novels of 
 entertainment followed Tourgee's most se- 
 rious and more effective work. Black Ice 
 (1885) was a story of the romantic vindi- 
 cation of a woman's character. With Gauge 
 and Swallow (1889) presented a series of 
 tales about a law firm. An Outing with the 
 Queen of Hearts (1894) was an account of 
 a summer holiday on an island in Lake 
 Erie. The Man Who Outlived Himself 
 (1898), a novelette, dealt with amnesia. 
 Examples of Tourgee at his best and at his 
 worst may be found in the historical novels 
 devoid of propaganda. The most interesting 
 novel in his whole repertoire was Button's 
 Inn (1887), which combined a history of 
 
645 
 
 Townsley 
 
 the rise of Mormonism with the story of a 
 persistent ghost. Out of the Sunset Sea 
 (1893) went back to the discovery of 
 America for its setting, but failed to recap- 
 ture the glamour of that age. The purpose 
 novel Murvale Eastman, Christian Socialist 
 (1889) attacked the problem of capital and 
 labor as had novels by Aldrich, Hay, and 
 Howells; but Tourgee raised the question of 
 the economic duty of Christians. Pactolus 
 Prime (1890) returned to special pleading 
 for the Negro. Tourgee was at his best 
 when he was writing realistically of events 
 which he knew. As a creative writer, he 
 was seriously limited by inadequate charac- 
 terization, lack of imaginative variety in 
 plot construction, and a proclivity toward 
 indoctrination. On the other hand, his burn- 
 ing sincerity has never been questioned, his 
 historical pictures are interesting if some- 
 what prejudiced, and his prose style com- 
 bines accuracy, directness, and concrete- 
 ness. As a writer he commanded respect for 
 his straightforward manner and the philo- 
 sophical wisdom of his observations. Fi- 
 nally, the range and intensity of his own 
 experiences afforded him both vivid images 
 and memorable incidents, and these com- 
 bine to make at least a small portion of his 
 work enduring. 
 
 Susannah R. West 
 
 Toinette. A Novel, New York, 1874. 
 
 Figs and Thistles: A Romance of the West- 
 ern Reserve, New York, 1879. 
 
 A Fool's Errand by One of the Fools, New 
 York, 1879. 
 
 Bricks without Straw, New York, 1880. 
 
 The Invisible Empire, New York, 1880. 
 
 A Royal Gentleman, New York, 1881. 
 
 John Eax and Mamelon: Or, the South 
 without the Shadow, New York, [1882]. 
 
 Hot Plowshares, New York, [1883]. 
 
 An Appeal to Caesar, New York, 1884. 
 
 Black Ice, New York, 1885. 
 
 Button's Inn, Boston, 1887. 
 
 Letters to a King, Cincinnati, 1887. 
 
 The Veteran and His Pipe, Chicago, 1888. 
 
 Murvale Eastman, Christian Socialist, New 
 York, 1889. 
 
 With Gauge and Swallow, Attorneys, Phila- 
 delphia, 1889. 
 
 Pactolus Prime, New York, [1890]. 
 
 A Son of Old Harry, New York, 1891. 
 
 Out of the Sunset Sea, New York, 1893. 
 
 An Outing with the Queen of Hearts, New 
 York, 1894. 
 
 Mortgage on the Hip Roof House, Cincin- 
 nati, 1896. 
 
 The Story of a Thousand, Buffalo, 1896. 
 
 The War of the Standards; Coin and Credit 
 versus Coin without Credit, New York, 
 1896. 
 
 The Man Who Outlived Himself, New 
 York, 1898. 
 
 TOWNE, ROBERT DUKE (Jan. 4, 1866- 
 Feb. 24, 1952), journalist, was born in 
 Warren, Trumbull County. He graduated 
 from Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y., 
 in 1888. He worked on various newspapers 
 in the East and was editor of Judge in 1905. 
 He published a series of rhymed stories for 
 children, e.g., The Teddy Bears in a 
 Smashup . . . , Chicago, [1907]. WWW 3 
 
 TOWNE, STUART. Pseud. See Clayton Raw- 
 son. 
 
 TOWNSEND, EDWARD WATERMAN (Feb. 
 10, 1855-March 16, 1942), was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, and attended 
 public and private schools in that city. In 
 1875 he went to San Francisco, where he 
 began writing for newspapers and maga- 
 zines. In 1893 he moved to New York City 
 and began writing stories of Bowery life 
 which became widely popular. He settled in 
 Montclair, N. J., in 1900 and served in 
 Congress as a Representative from New 
 Jersey, 1911-15. 
 
 Chimmie Fadden Explains; Major Max Ex- 
 pounds, [New York, 1895]. 
 "Chimmie Fadden"; Major Max; And Other 
 
 Stories, New York, [1895]. 
 A Daughter of the Tenements, New York, 
 
 [1895]. 
 Near a Whole City Full, New York, 1897. 
 The Yellow Kid in McFadden's Flats, New 
 
 York, 1897. 
 Days like These; A Novel, New York, 
 
 1901. 
 Chimmie Fadden and Mr. Paul, New York, 
 
 1902. 
 Fort Birkett; A Story of Mountain Adven- 
 ture, New York, 1903. 
 Lees and Leaven; A New York Story of 
 
 Today, New York, 1903. 
 A Summer in New York; A Love Story 
 
 Told in Letters, New York, 1903. 
 "Sure"; New "Chimmie Fadden" Stories, 
 
 New York, 1904. 
 Reuben Larkmead, a Story of Worldlings, 
 
 New York, [1905]. 
 Our Constitution; Why and How It Was 
 
 Made — Who Made It and What It Is, 
 
 New York, 1906. 
 Beaver Creek Farm, New York, 1907. 
 The Climbing Courvatels, New York, 
 
 [1909]. 
 
 TOWNSLEY, GARDNER H. (Oct. 11, 1898- 
 ), journalist, born in Vincennes, Ind., 
 moved to Ohio in 1916. Editor of the West- 
 ern Star, Lebanon, he has published a 
 
Trade 
 
 646 
 
 pamphlet about the town: Historic Lebanon 
 . . . , [Lebanon, 1940]. 
 
 TRACIE, THEODORE C. W. (1836?-Sept. 
 30, 1886), served in the Ohio Light Artil- 
 lery from Aug. 6, 1862, to June 28, 1865. 
 He apparently lived in California after the 
 Civil War, but no other biographical infor- 
 mation has been discovered. His book de- 
 scribes service in eastern Tennessee. 
 Annals of the Nineteenth Ohio Battery 
 . . . , Cleveland, 1878. 
 
 TRACY, LENA HARVEY (Oct. 11, 1860- 
 1941), was born at Hare Creek in north- 
 western Pennsylvania. After teaching in a 
 country school for several terms, she at- 
 tended Antioch College, where she gradu- 
 ated in 1893. She then became a deacon- 
 ess of the Christian Church, Springfield, 
 and in 1897 she was named the first wel- 
 fare director of National Cash Register 
 Company, Dayton. She moved to New 
 York City in 1901, and her later life was 
 spent in New Jersey. Her autobiography 
 was posthumously published: How My 
 Heart Sang . . . , New York, 1950. 
 
 TRACY, RUSSEL LORD (Dec. 10, 1860- 
 May 17, 1945), banker, was born in Mans- 
 field, Richland County. He studied at Ober- 
 lin College, 1877-80, and graduated from 
 Carleton College in 1882. In 1884 he or- 
 ganized a loan and trust company in Salt 
 Lake City, where he spent the remainder 
 of his life. Under the pen name T. Shirby 
 Hodge, he wrote The White Man's Burden; 
 A Satirical Forecast, Boston, [1915], and he 
 also published an autobiography: Some Ex- 
 periences of Russel Lord Tracy, [Salt Lake 
 City, 1941]. 
 
 TRADDLES, MOSES. Pseud. See Clinton 
 Collins. 
 
 TRAINA, LOUIS C. See Lewis Corey. 
 
 TRAUTMAN, MILTON BERNHARD (Sept. 
 7, 1899- ), naturalist, was born in Co- 
 lumbus, Franklin County. He was a re- 
 search assistant with the Ohio Division of 
 Conservation, 1930-34, a research assistant 
 in the University of Michigan Department of 
 Zoology, 1935-40, and a research asso- 
 ciate at Stone Laboratory, Ohio State Uni- 
 versity, 1940-55. He is now curator of the 
 vertebrate collections, Ohio State Museum, 
 Columbus. He has published many articles 
 and books, most of them dealing with Ohio 
 fauna, e.g., The Birds of Buckeye Lake, 
 Ohio, Ann Arbor, [Mich.], 1940. AMS 9 
 
 TRAVER, AMOS JOHN (Sept. 1, 1889- 
 ), clergyman and educator, was born 
 at Hartwick Seminary, N. Y. After his ordi- 
 nation to the Lutheran ministry in 1912, 
 he served several pastorates and held var- 
 ious executive positions in the Lutheran 
 Church. He served as professor of practical 
 theology, Hamma Divinity School, Spring- 
 field, 1943-59. His books include The 
 Christ Who Is All, Philadelphia, 1929. WW 
 30 
 
 TREAT, IDA (1889- ), born in Joliet, 
 111., was brought to Cleveland when she was 
 eight years old. She attended Cleveland 
 schools and Western Reserve University. 
 After two years of graduate study at the 
 Sorbonne, she taught Romance languages at 
 Western Reserve, 1913-19. Until 1941 she 
 lived in France, where she wrote for French 
 and American magazines. She married Andre 
 Bergeret, a French naval officer. She pub- 
 lished an account of Brehat, an island off 
 the coast of Brittany where she had a sum- 
 mer home: The Anchored Heart . . . , New 
 York, [1941]. 
 
 TREFFINGER, CAROLYN ELIZABETH 
 
 (Oct. 24, 1891- ), educator, was born on 
 a farm near Seville, Medina County. She at- 
 tended Wittenberg College and taught in 
 Ohio schools; her last position before her 
 retirement was in Wadsworth, where she 
 was an elementary school principal. She 
 now lives in Hastings, Neb. She has pub- 
 lished at least three books for children, e.g., 
 Jimmy's Shoes, Philadelphia, [1934]. 
 
 TRESSLER, DONALD KITELEY (Nov. 7, 
 1894- ), food chemist, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from the University of Michigan in 1913 
 and Cornell University (Ph.D.) in 1918. He 
 has taught in several universities and done 
 research for various governmental agencies 
 and bureaus. He has published many pro- 
 fessional articles and several technical 
 books, and The Wealth of the Sea, New 
 York, [1927]. WW 30 
 
 TRETTIEN, AUGUSTUS WILLIAM (Sept. 
 3, 1867-July 1, 1936), educator, born in 
 Appleton. Wis., was professor of psychology, 
 University of Toledo, 1915-32, and operated 
 a psychological clinic in Toledo, 1932-36. 
 He wrote several psychology textbooks and 
 Arthur Trent: Choosing a Career, Boston, 
 [1934]. WWW 1 
 
 TREUTHART, JAMES LOUIS (Feb. 6, 
 1838-April 15, 1915), was born in Zweisem- 
 men, Switzerland, but came to Portsmouth 
 
 
647 
 
 Tuckley 
 
 with his parents around 1845. He served in 
 the 104th O.V.I, and spent the remainder 
 of his life in Portsmouth, where he was an 
 examiner for the city schools. His long 
 poem, employing epic conventions, surveys 
 the history of the world with special em- 
 phasis on the Civil War and the Columbian 
 Exposition. 
 
 The Milliad (One Thousand Verses): A Poem 
 of Justice and of Liberty. An Epic of the 
 Ages as Also of the United States, New 
 York, 1894. 
 
 TRIMBLE, ALLEN (Nov. 24, 1783-Feb. 3, 
 1870), governor of Ohio, 1826-30, was born 
 in Augusta County, Va. With his father he 
 visited Ohio in 1801, 1802, and 1804; on 
 their last trip they built a log cabin in High- 
 land County, and after his father's death 
 the next year, Allen brought the family 
 there to live. He settled in Hillsboro around 
 1809 and served in the Ohio House, 1816— 
 17, and in the Senate, 1817-25. After he 
 retired from public life in 1830, he devoted 
 most of his attention to agriculture and iron 
 manufacturing. His autobiography was pub- 
 lished by the family 39 years after his 
 death: Autobiography and Correspondence of 
 Allen Trimble . . . , (Mary McArthur Thomp- 
 son Tuttle and Henry Burton Thompson, 
 eds.), [Columbus?], 1909. 
 
 TRIMBLE, JOSEPH M. (1807-May 6, 1891), 
 clergyman, was born in Hillsborough, Ky., 
 but grew up in Ohio, where his parents 
 moved while he was a small child. After 
 graduating from Ohio University in 1828, he 
 became a Methodist minister. He also taught 
 at Augusta College, Ky., for five years. He 
 was an active supporter of Ohio Wesleyan 
 University during its early years and served 
 on its board of trustees for forty years. The 
 work below, which was published anony- 
 mously, is an account of his grandmother. 
 Memoir of Mrs. Jane Trimble . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1861. 
 
 TROLLOPE, FRANCES MILTON (March 
 10, 1780-Oct. 6, 1863), born in Bristol, 
 England, was perhaps the most controversial 
 temporary resident of Ohio in the nineteenth 
 century. Wife of an unsuccessful English 
 lawyer, she was persuaded by her friend 
 Frances Wright D'Arusmont (q.v.) that by 
 coming to America she might recoup the 
 family fortunes. After a brief, disillusion- 
 ing stay at Frances Wright's settlement at 
 Nashoba, Tenn., she came to Cincinnati in 
 Feb., 1828. She remained in the city until 
 March, 1830. On Third Street she con- 
 structed an elaborate bazaar, later known 
 as "Trollope's Folly." An architectural mon- 
 
 strosity combining Moorish, Gothic, and 
 Egyptian styles, the building was intended 
 to raise the cultural level of the city and, 
 also, the fortunes of the Trollope family. 
 The project was an unqualified failure, and 
 Mrs. Trollope began making notes for a de- 
 scription of American society with special 
 attention to the Queen City. The resulting 
 book was published on her return to Eng- 
 land: Domestic Manners of the Americans, 
 London, 1832. It was used by the Tories to 
 illustrate the vulgarities of a democracy as 
 they battled the Reform Bill. Although it 
 outraged American readers, especially resi- 
 dents of Cincinnati, the book is a racy ac- 
 count of Jacksonian democracy in the United 
 States. Mrs. Trollope, after the publication 
 of this book, wrote a great many novels 
 and travel books. 
 
 TROUTT, MYRTLE L. See Myrtle L. 
 Reeder. 
 
 TRUE, HIRAM L. (June 4, 1845-Oct. 22, 
 1912), physician, was born in Athens, 
 Athens County. After graduating from 
 Weethee Medical College and Eclectic Medi- 
 cal Institute, Cincinnati, he practiced in Mc- 
 Connelsville until his death. The second 
 book below was published under the pen 
 name Don Allen. 
 The Resurrection of Jesus. An Agnostic's 
 
 View, New York, [1893]. 
 The Cause of the Glacial Period, Cincinnati, 
 
 1902. 
 
 TRUEBLOOD, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 
 
 (Nov. 25, 1847-Oct. 26, 1916), Quaker ed- 
 ucator, born in Salem, Ind., was president of 
 Wilmington College, 1874-79. Especially 
 after 1890 he devoted himself to the cause 
 of international peace. He edited the Advo- 
 cate of Peace, 1892-1915, and published nu- 
 merous articles and essays on pacifism and a 
 book: The Federation of the World, Boston, 
 1899. 
 
 TUCKER, WILLIAM JEWETT (July 13, 
 1839-Sept. 29, 1926), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, born in Griswold, Conn., taught 
 school in Columbus, 1861-63. He later was 
 on the Andover Seminary faculty and was 
 president of Dartmouth College, 1893— 
 1909. He published a number of books, e.g., 
 The Making and the Unmaking of the 
 Preacher, Boston, 1898. 
 
 TUCKLEY, HENRY (d.Aug. 23, 1909), 
 clergyman, born in England, was pastor of 
 Methodist churches in Cincinnati and Spring- 
 field in the 1880s. He died in Springfield, 
 Mass. He wrote several books, e.g., Life's 
 Golden Morning . . . , Cincinnati, 1886. 
 
Tully 
 
 648 
 
 TULLY, JIM (June 3, 1888-June 22, 1947), 
 was born in St. Marys, Auglaize County. 
 With little formal education, this "literary 
 bum" had wide, firsthand experience with 
 various unattractive aspects of American 
 life while he was still a boy. In the early 
 years of the twentieth century he was on the 
 road as a tramp, farm laborer, chainmaker, 
 circus roustabout, prize fighter, reporter, and 
 tree surgeon (Tully, characteristically, called 
 it "tree fakir"). In the 1920s he was a suc- 
 cessful hard-boiled novelist whose forte was 
 crude and brutally realistic stories, drawn 
 from his violent early life. Then, ironically, 
 this specialist in low life became one of the 
 most highly paid publicity agents and writers 
 in Hollywood. Born in a log cabin, he re- 
 ceived his only formal education in an or- 
 phanage, from five to eleven years of age. 
 Placed on a farm when he was eleven, he 
 ran away after eighteen months and spent 
 several years on the road. During this time 
 he read widely (Dostoevski, Carlyle, Balzac, 
 Dumas, Twain, and Conrad) and dreamed 
 of being a writer. He had his first work 
 published while he was working as a chain- 
 maker in Kent, when he had a poem on 
 Keats printed in a newspaper column. Stim- 
 ulated by Joseph Conrad's Almayer's Folly, 
 he spent eight years writing a semiautobio- 
 graphical first novel, Emmett Lawler; his 
 first version was only one paragraph, but 
 it was 100,000 words long. After Tully had 
 disappointing reactions from Upton Sin- 
 clair (who returned his manuscript unread) 
 and Harold Bell Wright ("He bawled hell 
 out of me. He said I was no good."), a 
 sympathetic Rupert Hughes helped him re- 
 vise the 100,000-word paragraph into a 
 crude but readable novel and told him with 
 kindly overstatement, "You will be a very 
 great writer." Emmett Lawler was published 
 in 1922. His next two novels, Beggars of 
 Life (1924), later dramatized by Maxwell 
 Anderson as Outside Looking In, and Jar- 
 negan (1925), made the "hobo author" a 
 successful and famous name of the twenties. 
 For more than a decade, the life he had 
 experienced in prisons, the circus, the box- 
 ing ring, and as a tramp furnished him with 
 material for such hastily written but vig- 
 orous books as Shanty Irish (1928), Shad- 
 ows of Men (1930), and Ladies in the Par- 
 lor (1935). During this period Tully mi- 
 grated to Hollywood and found a profitable 
 welcome there for his special talents of 
 frankness and glibness. His prolific writing 
 on the characters and antics of the film col- 
 ony was wide-ranging; he was, for a while, 
 press agent for Charlie Chaplin and was hav- 
 ing material published concurrently in such 
 diverse magazines as Vanity Fair, Scribner's, 
 
 True Confessions, American Mercury, Pic- 
 torial Review, and Photoplay. His life in 
 Hollywood, although antithetical to his 
 picaresque early days in Ohio, was, perhaps, 
 just as unusual and legendary. He was blunt 
 and aggressive and a hard drinker; his vivid 
 and witty conversation was "a mixture of 
 Billingsgate and Shakespeare, a poet pelting 
 you with manure." He once defended a 
 fight he had with John Gilbert. "I didn't hit 
 him," he explained, "he was swinging away 
 at me, and it looked to me as if he'd fan 
 himself to death. So I just put him to sleep 
 for his own protection." The one-time tramp 
 made $80,000 a year, acquired a $100,000 
 estate, and was proud of owning "Holly- 
 wood's best library." His early promise was 
 not fulfilled and his able journalistic talent, 
 praised earlier by Mencken and Krutch, was 
 used increasingly to produce motion-picture 
 fan magazine articles and other lucrative 
 trivia. However, Jim Tully, one of the most 
 original and striking personalities of the 
 American literary scene in the early twen- 
 tieth century, made a vivid and worth-while 
 contribution to the development of the hard- 
 boiled novel of low life. 
 
 Paul H. Chapman 
 
 TUNISON, JOSEPH SALATHIEL (Nov. 9, 
 
 1849-April 21, 1916), journalist, was born 
 near Bucyrus, Crawford County. After at- 
 tending Denison University, he worked on 
 the Cincinnati Gazette, 1874-83, the New 
 York Tribune, 1884-96, the Ohio State Jour- 
 nal, 1901-03, and the Dayton Journal, 1903- 
 07. During his last years, which were spent 
 in East Liverpool, he was a free-lance writer. 
 The Cincinnati Riot: Its Causes and Results, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1886. 
 Master Virgil . . . , Cincinnati, 1888. 
 The Sapphic Stanza, Granville, 1890. 
 The Graal Problem from Walter Map to 
 
 Richard Wagner, Cincinnati, 1904. 
 Dramatic Traditions of the Dark Ages, Chi- 
 cago, 1907. 
 
 TURNER, HARRIET MACKEY (Aug. 31, 
 1875- ), educator, was born in Pike 
 County, but grew up in Circleville, where 
 her parents moved a few years after her 
 birth. She graduated from Circleville High 
 School in 1895 and afterward taught in the 
 schools of Circleville and Lancaster until 
 1918. She wrote Stories of Pioneer Days, 
 Boston, [1936]. 
 
 TURNER, LIDA WILSON, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. She attended 
 Florida and North Carolina schools and 
 graduated from Asheville College for Young 
 Women. Her address in 1940 was Atlanta, 
 
649 
 
 Tuttle, M. M. 
 
 Ga. Her poems have appeared in various 
 periodicals, and she has published a collec- 
 tion: Flagstones and Flowers, Oglethorpe 
 University, Ga., [1934]. BDCP 
 
 TURNER, LUCY MAE (Nov. 13, 1884- ), 
 educator, was born in Zanesville, Muskin- 
 gum County, the daughter of a former slave 
 and the granddaughter of Nat Turner, leader 
 of a slave rebellion in Virginia. She gradu- 
 ated from Zanesville High School in 1903, 
 Wilberforce University in 1908, and Ohio 
 State University in 1934. She taught in the 
 public schools of East St. Louis, 111., 1910- 
 55, and in 1950 earned a law degree from 
 St. Louis University. She now lives in East 
 St. Louis. She has published at least three 
 books, including a book of poems: 'Bout 
 Cullud Folkses, New York, [1938]. 
 
 TURPIE, DAVID (July 8, 1829-April 21, 
 1909), lawyer, was born in Hamilton 
 County. After graduating from Kenyon Col- 
 lege in 1848, he moved to Logansport, Ind., 
 where he was admitted to the bar. The re- 
 mainder of his life was spent in Indiana, 
 where he filled various judicial and legis- 
 lative posts, including two terms in the U. S. 
 Senate, 1887-99. He published several 
 speeches and an autobiographical volume: 
 Sketches of My Own Times, Indianapolis, 
 [1903]. WWW 1 
 
 TUTTLE, EMMA ROOD (July 21, 1837- 
 June 4, 1916), wife of Hudson Tuttle (q.v.), 
 was born in Braceville, Trumbull County. 
 She attended Hiram College. Throughout 
 her life she lectured on spiritualism and gave 
 dramatic readings. She assisted her husband 
 in writing some of his books, wrote songs, 
 and compiled a book of recitations and a 
 textbook for Free Thought Sunday schools. 
 She died in Berlin Heights. 
 Blossoms of Our Spring, Boston, 1864. 
 Gazelle . . . , Boston, 1866. 
 From Soul to Soul, New York, 1890. 
 Asphodel Blooms and Other Offerings, Chi- 
 cago, 1901. 
 
 TUTTLE, HUDSON (Oct. 4, 1836-Dec. 14, 
 1911), spiritualist, was born in Berlin 
 Heights, Erie County. After attending 
 Homeopathic Medical College, Cleveland, he 
 operated a farm near Berlin Heights, lec- 
 tured on spiritualism, and conducted a pub- 
 lishing company. In 1857 he married Emma 
 Rood (see above), then a resident of Cleve- 
 land, who also lectured on spiritualism and 
 collaborated on some of his books. All of 
 his books, he claimed, were written while 
 he was in a "semi-trance." 
 
 Scenes in the Spirit World . . . , New York, 
 1855. 
 
 Arcana of Nature . . . , 2 vols., Boston, 
 1860. 
 
 The Origin and Antiquity of Physical Man 
 Scientifically Considered . . . , Boston, 
 1866. 
 
 The Career of the God-Idea in History, Bos- 
 ton, [1869]. 
 
 The Career of the Christ-Idea in History, 
 Boston, [1870]. 
 
 Arcana of Spiritualism . . . , Boston, 1871. 
 
 Stories for Children, Toledo. 1874. 
 
 The Cross and the Steeple: Their Origin and 
 Signification, Toledo, 1875. 
 
 Career of Religious Ideas . . . , New York, 
 1878. 
 
 The Ethics of Spiritualism . . . , Chicago, 
 1878. 
 
 Clair, a Tale of Mormon Perfidy, Chicago, 
 1881. 
 
 Studies in the Out-lying Fields of Psychic 
 Science, New York, [1889]. 
 
 Religion of Man and Ethics of Science, New 
 York, 1890. 
 
 Secrets of the Convent, Philadelphia, 1892. 
 
 Heresy, or Led to the Light, Chicago, 1895. 
 
 The Philosophy of Spirit, and the Spirit- 
 World, Berlin Heights, 1896. 
 
 Mediumship and Its Laws . . . , Berlin 
 Heights, 1900. 
 
 Evolution of the God and Christ Ideas, Ber- 
 lin Heights, [1906]. 
 
 A Golden Sheaf, Berlin Heights, [1907]. 
 
 Stories from beyond the Borderland, Berlin 
 Heights, [1909]. 
 
 TUTTLE, JOSEPH FARRAND (March 12, 
 1818-June 8, 1901), born in Bloomfield, 
 N. J., was brought to Ohio in 1832. He grad- 
 uated from Marietta College in 1841 and 
 Lane Seminary in 1844. He was a tutor at 
 Marietta in 1843 and Presbyterian pastor in 
 Delaware, 1845-47. He was a pastor in New 
 Jersey until 1862, when he became president 
 of Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind. He 
 published many addresses and a book for 
 young men: The Way Lost and Found . . . , 
 Philadelphia, 1870. 
 
 TUTTLE, MARGARETTA MUHLENBERG 
 
 (Sept. 2, 1877-Feb. 15. 1958), was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, where her 
 father was on the staff of the Cincinnati En- 
 quirer. She graduated from the University of 
 Cincinnati in 1900. She wrote articles and 
 short stories for national magazines, motion- 
 picture scripts, and novels. One of her novels 
 was the basis of a film by Cecil B. DeMille: 
 His Worldly Goods . . . , Indianapolis, 
 [1912]. 
 
Tuttle, M. M. T. 
 
 650 
 
 TITTLE, MARY McARTHUR THOMPSON 
 
 (Nov. 5, 1849-Sept. 1. 1916), daughter of 
 Eliza J. and James H. Thompson (qq.v.), 
 was born in Hillsboro, Highland County. 
 After graduating from Hillsboro College in 
 1868, she studied art at McMicken Univer- 
 sity, Cincinnati, and in Europe. She lectured 
 
 on painting and also exhibited her own paint- 
 ings. She collaborated with her mother and 
 sister in writing Hillsboro Crusade Sketches, 
 an account of the temperance struggle, and 
 also wrote several books, e.g., a novel: 
 International Ties, [Washington, D. C, 
 1915]. WWW 1 
 
 u 
 
 UDELL, CORNELIUS (Oct. 22, 1807-Feb. 
 14, 1879), brother of John Udell (q.v.), was 
 born in New York State, but spent most of 
 his adult life in Jefferson, where he worked 
 as a carpenter. His book is the first local 
 history published about Ashtabula County. 
 Condensed History of Jefferson . . . , Jeffer- 
 son. 1878. 
 
 UDELL, JOHN (June 22, 1795- ? ), was born 
 in New York City. In 1810 his father settled 
 on a farm in northern Pennsylvania, and in 
 1816 the family moved to Ashtabula County, 
 where John married and became a farmer. 
 An organizer of the Jefferson Baptist Church, 
 he was sent to New York in 1833 to solicit 
 funds for a building. After traveling more 
 than 2.000 miles in the dead of winter, he 
 returned to find his family deeply in debt, his 
 father accused of heresy for reading Alex- 
 ander Campbell's Millennial Harbinger, and 
 himself suspected of appropriating money 
 from the building fund. In 1842 he took his 
 family to Missouri, where he became a sales- 
 man of religious books. In 1850 with his two 
 sons he made his first overland trip to the 
 California gold fields. After a second trip in 
 1852, he returned by sea in 1855. His first 
 book, a factual account of his restless wan- 
 derings, records that he had traveled a total 
 of 110.410 miles; but when that book was 
 published, he had not taken his most eventful 
 trip. In 1858 he started for California by 
 way of the Santa Fe Trail, and his was the 
 first large emigrant party to attempt Beale's 
 new route to the Colorado River. The Mo- 
 have Massacre on Aug. 30. 1858, forced the 
 party to return to Albuquerque, where they 
 spent the winter. After reaching California 
 the next year, Udell published his journal. It 
 was republished in Jefferson in 1868. It ap- 
 pears that Udell spent his last years with rela- 
 tives in Ashtabula County. 
 Incidents of Travel to California, across the 
 
 Great Plains . . . , Jefferson, 1856. 
 Journal of John Udell, Kept during a Trip 
 
 across the Plains . . . , Suisun City, Calif., 
 
 1859. 
 
 UHL, LEMON LEANDER (Feb. 24, 1848- 
 Feb. 27, 1943 ), clergyman, was born in Pleas- 
 ant Ridge, Holmes County. He graduated 
 from Wittenberg College (A.B., 1871; B.D., 
 1872) and Johns Hopkins University (Ph.D., 
 1889). In 1873 he went to Guntur, India, as 
 a missionary. He founded a high school 
 there and also later taught at Madras Uni- 
 versity. He died in Gettysburg, Pa. 
 The Decay of Christianity, Madras, India. 
 
 1885. 
 Guntur Flora, Madras, India, 1930. 
 
 UHL, MIRIAM ALMA (Sept. 28, 1906- 
 March 6, 1926), was born in Wisconsin, but 
 spent most of her life in Cincinnati. She died 
 at the age of nineteen, and after her death 
 her mother, Anna M. Uhl, published a short 
 novel about the Dark Ages: To-day We 
 Smile — To-morrow We Weep; A Melo- 
 Tragedy, Cincinnati, [1927]. 
 
 UMRSTAETTER, HERMAN DANIEL (Feb. 
 26, 1851-Nov. 25, 1913), magazine pub- 
 lisher, was born in Parma, Cuyahoga 
 County. He attended Cleveland schools and 
 worked on newspapers in that city until 
 1872. After fourteen years in New York and 
 Baltimore, he moved to Boston, where he 
 founded The Black Cat in 1895. Stories he 
 wrote for his magazine were published in 
 several collections, e.g., The Red-hot Dollar, 
 and Other Stories from The Black Cat, Bos- 
 ton. 1911. WWW 1 
 
 UNA. Pseud. See Mary A. M. Ford. 
 
 UNDERHILL, ABEL (d. Sept., 1887), physi- 
 cian, was born in the early 1800s near 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He studied medicine in 
 New York City, became a hydrotherapist in 
 1845 and a spiritualist in 1848. He first 
 came to Ohio to live in the Quaker settle- 
 ment at Kendal (Massillon). He died in 
 Akron. 
 
651 
 
 Untermeyer 
 
 
 The Arrest, Trial and Acquittal of Abby 
 Warner, for Spirit Rapping . . . , Cleve- 
 land, 1852. 
 
 UNDERWOOD, CHARLOTTE WOOLLEY 
 
 (March 5, 1914- ), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. She studied at Sarah 
 Lawrence College and Columbia University. 
 Now Mrs. Charles M. Underwood, she lives 
 in Rockville Centre, N. Y. Under the pen 
 name Joan Charles, she has published sev- 
 eral novels, e.g., Son and Stranger, New 
 York, [1945]. WW AW 1 
 
 UNDERWOOD, MATILDA JANE DOWN- 
 ING (April 10, 1851-March 24, 1932), was 
 born in Centre County, Pa. After her mar- 
 riage to Zephaniah Underwood in 1871, she 
 lived on a farm near Harveysburg. She was 
 a minister of the Society of Friends. She 
 wrote an Indian story based on legends 
 learned from older members of her family: 
 Blue Belle of the Forest . . . , [Wilmington, 
 1919]. 
 
 UNTERMEYER, JEAN STARR (May 13, 
 1886- ), born in Zanesville, Muskingum 
 County, is more interesting as a poet than 
 as a subject for a biographer; that is, unless 
 the biographer should choose to seek to in- 
 terpret the inner life of his subject on the 
 basis of a careful analysis of the poems. 
 Mrs. Untermeyer herself has given all the 
 external facts that one needs to know. She 
 received her education until just past fifteen 
 from the Zanesville public schools and Put- 
 nam Seminary. She then attended Mrs. Alex- 
 ander Kohut's School on West 58th Street 
 for college preparatory work. She did special 
 work at Columbia University, but left with- 
 out a degree in order to marry Louis Unter- 
 meyer on Jan. 23, 1907. The only child 
 from this marriage, a son, died in 1927 a 
 month after his nineteenth birthday. Al- 
 though separated from Untermeyer for some 
 years, her marriage to him was not legally 
 dissolved by divorce until 1951. Jean Starr 
 Untermeyer's first artistic interest was music. 
 Although she began the study of piano at 
 six and her desire was to be a composer, it 
 was as a lieder singer that she made her 
 professional debut in Vienna in 1924 follow- 
 ing 15 years of preparation. After two years 
 in Europe she gave up this career in 1925. 
 Her knowledge of German and music ad- 
 mirably fitted her to translate Oscar Bies's 
 Schubert the Man, published in 1928. From 
 1940 to 1945, she worked on another trans- 
 lation from the German, Hermann Brock's 
 The Death of Virgil. In addition to her mu- 
 sical interests, she was a voracious and, as 
 she tells us, an undiscriminating reader "but 
 
 not particularly of poetry." Although her 
 first dedication to poetry came to her as a re- 
 sult of the prose essay "Dreamers and Do- 
 ers," her active and adult interest stemmed 
 from the ferment of the American renais- 
 sance in poetry that began about 1912. The 
 leading poets of the period often gathered at 
 the Untermeyer home for reading and dis- 
 cussion of their poems. Under this stimulus 
 she began to write poems in secret, a secrecy 
 which she maintained for three years until 
 her husband found the poems and sent them 
 to publishers. The best poems of her first 
 four volumes — Growing Pains (1918), 
 Dreams Out of Darkness (1921), Steep 
 Ascent (1927), Winged Chariot (1936) — 
 were republished as Love and Need (1940). 
 Since 1940, she has published but one slim 
 volume, Later Poems (1958). Mrs. Unter- 
 meyer has also been teacher and critic. In 
 1936-37, she was an active participant at 
 the Summer Writers' Conference at Olivet 
 College. In 1940 she accepted the chair of 
 creative literature at Olivet; and from 1948 
 to 1951 she taught and lectured at the New 
 School of Social Research, New York City. 
 Occasionally she has reviewed books. As a 
 reviewer she is clear, concise, perceptive, and 
 objective. She is aware that "a poet must be 
 shrewd ... in the sense of being a keen 
 discerner of values" ("Problem of Patchen," 
 Saturday Review of Literature, March 22, 
 1947). It is as a poet, however, that Mrs. 
 Untermeyer has done her most lasting work. 
 In her short essay "A Page for Poets" 
 {Forum, July, 1938), she has furnished us 
 with some of the criteria by which, I think, 
 she would wish to be judged. "Poetry," she 
 tells us, "paradoxical as it may seem, is an 
 affair of the most personal and, at the same 
 time, the least personal implications. For 
 any real poetry to be created there must be 
 the utmost indriving concentration of all the 
 poet's powers. But this intensification of at- 
 tention has a strange result. . . . When I say 
 'utmost indriving concentration,' I do so in 
 an effort to crystallize a repeated experience. 
 . . . But, until the experience is truly felt 
 and unerringly communicated, it is not 
 poetry, however neatly it is confined in verse 
 forms. . . . Poetry is not a limited mode of 
 writing but rather a condition of living of 
 which the writing is the 'testament.' ... It 
 begins in an awareness of eternal things — an 
 awareness only heightened by the impact of 
 the physical world, that has meaning in and 
 beyond itself." That this has been her steady 
 conviction is apparent from the fact that she 
 has given a fuller statement of this idea in 
 an early poem, "Reply": 
 
 Do you seek the true poem? Stop 
 your pruning and sieving, 
 
Untermeyer 
 
 652 
 
 The poem is less in the line than 
 
 the living; 
 Less shaking the heart out of man 
 
 than in giving. 
 
 The poem is the deed, though it 
 go unrecorded. 
 
 The poem is the need, whether 
 silent or worded; 
 
 And love is the seed, neither scat- 
 tered nor hoarded. 
 
 Mrs. Untermeyer's poems cover a narrow 
 range: love, religion, and nature, essentially, 
 although a few poems deal with moral or 
 ethical ideas. It is the love poems, however, 
 which are the most interesting. Although 
 they are deeply personal, they are at the 
 same time universal, furnishing a commen- 
 tary on Byron's statement that "love for a 
 man is a thing apart, 'tis woman's whole ex- 
 istence." More specifically they are an ar- 
 ticulate exposition of the antagonistic emo- 
 tional reactions resulting from the biological 
 differences in the sexes. Although lacking 
 the concentration of many of her lyrics, 
 "Eve before the Tree" is her fullest and least 
 personal treatment of the subject. Caught in 
 the communion of love, Eve 
 
 . . . saw beyond the borders of 
 this world . . . 
 
 Clouds etched with recurring light- 
 ning smote my eyes; 
 
 Infinity stretched out beneath my 
 feet; 
 
 Glories undreamed of in my 
 calmer hours 
 
 Caught me and swept me into 
 heaven itself, 
 
 Palpitant and rapturous through 
 the night. 
 
 But Adam drank his cup of ecstacy 
 
 In one quick draught as a parched 
 traveler would 
 
 So overeager for the offered joy. 
 
 So headlong, he could scarcely 
 savor it. 
 
 And then completed but left un- 
 impaired, 
 
 Unscathed by that all-too-smiling 
 blast, 
 
 Turned sighing softly from my 
 restless arms 
 
 And slept — and left me to my 
 chafing dreams. 
 
 Eve eats the apple in order to learn what 
 parts the lovers "in the hour of love . . . 
 into aloof and separate mountain peaks," and 
 feels that the rewards, the continuous search- 
 ing for knowledge, more than compensated 
 for expulsion from Eden and its attendant 
 punishments. A variation on this theme, in 
 this instance a highly personal episode, is 
 
 "Spring" — a case of the temporarily wander- 
 ing husband and his return to the mother- 
 wife, and the more generalized but equally 
 personal "Reply from the Citadel." Other 
 poems — such as "Hors Beata," "Two of Us," 
 "Possession," "Deliverance," "Anti-Erotic," 
 "Rebirth," the dedication to Steep Ascent, 
 "Brief Ballad of Lilith," and "Song of an 
 Ordinary Woman" — are interesting to a 
 woman because she can so intimately asso- 
 ciate herself with the communicated expe- 
 rience, and to a man because he can learn 
 of experiences which he cannot even share 
 vicariously so foreign are they to him, but 
 which he knows exist. Religion is the sub- 
 ject for many of Mrs. Untermeyer's poems, 
 but it is not the religion of dogma or creed. 
 It is the religion of self-dedication and 
 constant becoming. Her best expression oc- 
 curs in such poems as "Zanesville," "On 
 Temples," "The Passionate Sword," "Old 
 Man," and "Spent." Where her subject is 
 Biblical or, one might say, impinges on the 
 orthodox, she is less successful. That she de- 
 tests hypocrisy of any sort is evident in 
 "Church Sociable" or "Tolerance and Truth." 
 She is close to nature, and some of her most 
 evocative poems are those directly concerned 
 with nature as a subject or as a source for 
 her images. In poems like "High Tide," 
 "Lake-Song," "Glimpse in Autumn," and 
 "April Conceit" she reveals a strong influ- 
 ence of the "imagist" school. Prosodically, 
 Mrs. Untermeyer shows the strong influence 
 of poets like Emily Dickinson and Sara Teas- 
 dale, occasionally that of Amy Lowell and 
 Edna Millay. In her most recent work her in- 
 fluences are different — Hopkins, Eliot, and 
 others — and the change of influences is bene- 
 ficial. Her "Meditations" have a new quality. 
 At her best, her lyrics are straightforward, 
 musical, reasonably concise, competent, and 
 easily grasped. She approaches but never 
 achieves a poem that asserts its immortality. 
 Mrs. Untermeyer is a minor poet, but her 
 work will be more valuable as a mirror of 
 the temper of the American renaissance in 
 poetry that began in 1912 and has not yet 
 ended than as that of a major poet because 
 of unique qualities. Although we are now in 
 a different phase of the renaissance — a phase 
 of a higher general competence than the 
 earlier one, it is still too early positively to 
 discern those of the mid-century who will 
 equal or surpass the greater ones of that 
 era. But even though a minor poet, Mrs. 
 Untermeyer's work will continue to be valu- 
 able for the person who would understand 
 a woman's attitude toward love. Her frank 
 integrity never permits her to distort the 
 truth. 
 
 James G. Southworth 
 
653 
 
 Utter 
 
 UPDEGRAFF, DAVID BRAINARD (Aug. 
 23, 1830-May 23, 1894), Quaker evan- 
 gelist, was born in Mount Pleasant, Jeffer- 
 son County, where he attended public 
 schools. After one year at Haverford Col- 
 lege (1851), he entered business in Mount 
 Pleasant. Soon after he started holding 
 prayer meetings in his home in 1869, he 
 was in demand as a preacher throughout 
 the Midwest and East. Several of his views 
 were disapproved by orthodox Quakers; he 
 approved baptism, pastors, and congrega- 
 tional singing, and disapproved silent wor- 
 ship and the doctrine of the inner light. He 
 edited the Friend's Expositor, 1887-93, and 
 expressed his views there. The first two ti- 
 tles below are pamphlets defending his ideas 
 on baptism; the third is a collection of 
 addresses. 
 An Address to the Ohio Yearly Meeting on 
 
 the Ordinances, Columbus, 1885. 
 The Ordinances: An Interview, Richmond, 
 
 Ind., 1886. 
 Old Corn . . . , Boston, 1892. 
 
 UPHAM, ALFRED HORATIO (March 2, 
 1877-Feb. 17, 1945), educator, was born 
 in Eaton, Preble County. He graduated 
 from Miami University in 1897 and Colum- 
 bia University (Ph.D.) in 1908. He was on 
 the Miami faculty, 1897-1900, 1906-10, 
 and 1913-20. He also taught at the Agri- 
 cultural College of Utah, 1902-05, and 
 Bryn Mawr College, 1910-13, was president 
 of the University of Idaho. 1920-28, and 
 served as president of Miami, 1928-45. Be- 
 sides literature textbooks, he published 
 Old Miami, the Yale of the Early West, 
 Hamilton, 1909. WWW 2 
 
 UPTON, HARRIET TAYLOR (c.l861-Dec. 
 17, 1953), was born in Ravenna, Portage 
 County. When she was six years old, her 
 parents moved to Warren, where she lived 
 most of her life. Wife of a Warren lawyer, 
 George M. Upton, she was active in politics 
 and public affairs. She was treasurer of the 
 National Woman's Suffrage Association for 
 fifteen years and also served as vice-chair- 
 man of the National Republican Executive 
 Committee. For many years she was as- 
 sociated with the Ohio Department of Pub- 
 lic Welfare. Early in the 1940s she moved 
 to Pasadena, Calif., where she spent the 
 remainder of her life. Besides the books 
 below, she wrote articles and stories for 
 children and in 1927 wrote her autobio- 
 graphy for private circulation. 
 Our Early Presidents: Their Wives and Chil- 
 dren, Boston, [1891]. 
 A Twentieth Century History of Trumbull 
 County . . . , 2 vols., Chicago, 1909. 
 
 History of the Western Reserve . . . , (with 
 Henry G. Cutler), 3 vols., Chicago, 1910. 
 
 UPTON, WILLIAM TREAT (Dec. 17, 1870- 
 ), educator, was born in Tallmadge, 
 Summit County. After graduating from 
 Oberlin College in 1896, he studied for two 
 years in Vienna. He was on the faculty of 
 Oberlin Conservatory of Music, 1898-1936, 
 and was also widely known as an organist. 
 He now lives in Harper's Ferry, W. Va. He 
 wrote numerous biographical, critical, and 
 technical articles on music and Art Song in 
 America . . . , Boston, [1930]. WW 25 
 
 URBAN, SEPTIMUS R. Pseud. See Nathan 
 D. Urner. 
 
 URNER, MABEL HERBERT (June 28, 
 1881-March 1, 1957), journalist, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She was 
 married to Lathrop Colgate Harper, but 
 wrote under her maiden name. Her "Helen 
 and Warren" column was syndicated in 
 American, British, and Canadian news- 
 papers for more than thirty years. She died 
 in New York City. She published several 
 books, e.g., The Married Life of Helen and 
 Warren, Boston, [1925]. WWW 3 
 
 URNER, NATHAN DANE (Jan. 12, 1839- 
 Feb. 19, 1893), journalist, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. In 1862 he be- 
 came a reporter on the New York Tribune, 
 where he later served as city editor and as 
 Horace Greeley's private secretary. His 
 vivid description of a fire at Barnum's Mu- 
 seum in 1865 was reprinted throughout the 
 country and was included by Barnum in his 
 autobiography. A hack writer for Beadle 
 and Street & Smith, Urner wrote novels and 
 etiquette books, e.g., Gold-dust Darrell . . . , 
 New York, 1890, and Never: A Hand-book 
 for the Uninitiated and Inexperienced . . . , 
 New York, 1883. Among his pen names were 
 Septimus R. Urban, O. N. Looker, Mentor, 
 and Burke Brentford. 
 
 UTTER, WILLIAM T. (Feb. 2, 1895- ), 
 educator, was born near Riverside, Calif. 
 He graduated from Northwest Missouri 
 Teachers College in 1921 and the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1929. Descended 
 from Ohio ancestors on both sides of his 
 family, he returned to Ohio in 1924 to 
 teach at Ohio State University; since 1929 
 he has been on the history faculty of Deni- 
 son University. He has held various local 
 offices in Granville and has written a his- 
 tory of the community (1956). He also 
 wrote volume II of the History of Ohio, 
 edited by Carl Wittke: The Frontier State 
 . . . , Columbus, 1942. WWMW 6 
 
Vail, H. H. 
 
 654 
 
 V 
 
 VAIL, HENRY HOBART (May 27, 1839- 
 Sept. 2, 1925), publisher, born in Pomfret, 
 Vt., came to Dayton in 1861. He taught 
 school for a time, served with the 131st 
 O.V.I, in 1864, and after the war joined 
 the firm of Sargeant, Wilson, Hinkle, Cin- 
 cinnati. He was made a partner in 1874 and 
 remained with the firm, which changed its 
 name several times before it was bought by 
 American Book Company in 1890. In New 
 York he was editor-in-chief, 1890-1907, 
 and vice president, 1904-11. He supervised 
 the new series of Ray arithmetics in 1877 
 and the new series of McGuffey readers in 
 1878. He published A History of the Mc- 
 Guffey Readers, Cleveland, 1910. WWW 1 
 
 VAIL, ISAAC NEWTON (1840-Jan. 26, 
 1912), geologist, was born in Barnesville, 
 Belmont County. Around 1890 he went to 
 California, where he died at Pasadena. Be- 
 sides the titles below, he published a num- 
 ber of pamphlets and a magazine, The 
 Annular World (1895-98). Most of his writ- 
 ings pertain to his theory of a concentric 
 series of vapors once surrounding the earth, 
 from which the earth was gradually formed. 
 The Waters above the Firmament, or 
 the Earth's Annular System, Cleveland, 
 [1885]. 
 What Was It? Eden's Flaming Sword, Pasa- 
 dena, Calif., 1896. 
 Alaska, Land of the Nugget. Why?, Pasadena, 
 
 Calif., 1897. 
 The Deluge and Its Cause . . . , Chicago, 
 1905. 
 
 VAIL, THEODORE NEWTON (July 16, 
 1845-April 16, 1920), pioneer organizer of 
 the Bell Telephone Company, was born near 
 Minerva, Carroll County, but spent most of 
 his life outside Ohio. He grew up in New 
 Jersey and Iowa. In 1889 after retiring from 
 the Bell Company, he settled in Vermont; 
 but he was also active in several projects 
 in Argentina, and he was president of 
 American Telephone and Telegraph Com- 
 pany, 1907-19. A collection of his papers 
 and addresses was published privately: 
 Views on Public Questions . . . , [New 
 York?], 1917. DAB 19 
 
 VALLANDIGHAM, CLEMENT LAIRD (July 
 29, 1820-June 17, 1871), lawyer and leader 
 of the Peace Democrats or Copperheads 
 
 during the Civil War, was born in New 
 Lisbon, Columbiana County. He attended 
 New Lisbon Academy, founded by his fa- 
 ther, and Jefferson College, Pa. After read- 
 ing law he was admitted to the bar in 1842 
 and practiced in New Lisbon until 1847, 
 when he moved to Dayton. Proud of his 
 Virginia ancestry, he spoke for slavery and 
 states' rights as early as 1840. While serving 
 in the House of Representatives, 1857-63, 
 he spoke vehemently in favor of compro- 
 mise with the South. His antiwar speeches 
 led to his arrest May 5, 1863, in Dayton. 
 Lincoln banished him to the South, but he 
 took up residence in Windsor, Canada, was 
 Democratic candidate for Ohio governor in 
 the bitter campaign of 1863, and received 
 many delegations from the North. In 1864 
 he returned to Ohio, but was not arrested. 
 He was a strong supporter of General Mc- 
 Clellan in the Presidential campaign of 
 1864. He practiced law after the war. His 
 last political act was to persuade the state 
 Democratic convention of 1871 to abandon 
 its former views and adjust to the new post- 
 war situation. A brilliant fanatic, he won 
 the admiration of some and the scorn of 
 many. He shot himself accidentally while 
 defending Thomas McGehan (q.v.) and 
 demonstrating how the murder of which 
 McGehan was accused had really occurred. 
 Besides the collections below, many of his 
 speeches were published separately. 
 The Record of Hon. C. L. Vallandigham 
 on Abolition, the Union, and the Civil 
 War . . . , Cincinnati, 1863. 
 Speeches, Arguments, Addresses, and Let- 
 ters . . . , New York, 1864. 
 
 VALLANDIGHAM, JAMES LAIRD (1812- 
 1904), older brother of Clement L. Val- 
 landigham (q.v.), was born in New Lisbon, 
 Columbiana County. He practiced law 
 there with his brother for a time and later 
 lived in Hanover, Licking County. He be- 
 came a minister after the Civil War. He 
 died in Lebanon, Warren County. His first 
 memoir of his brother was a short work of 
 64 pages, but the second title below is a 
 full-scale book of nearly 600 pages. 
 Biographical Memoir . . . , New York, 
 
 1864. 
 A Life of Clement L. Vallandigham . . . , 
 Baltimore, 1872. 
 
655 
 
 Van Home, T. B. 
 
 VALMAER. Pseud. See Michael V. Ream. 
 
 VANCE, J. WILSON (Dec. 20, 1845-Nov. 
 10, 1911), journalist, was born in Findlay, 
 Hancock County. He served in the 21st 
 O.V.I, from 1861 to March, 1866. He won 
 the Congressional Medal of Honor at the 
 Battle of Stone's River. After the Civil War 
 he spent a year at Harvard Law School; 
 he then became Washington correspondent 
 for various newspapers. In 1904 he became 
 editor of the Square Deal. He died in Chat- 
 tanooga, Tenn. 
 
 Little Amy's Christmas, New York, 1880. 
 Princes' Favors . . . , New York, 1880. 
 God's War, New York, 1889. 
 Big John Baldwin . . . , New York, 1909. 
 Stone's River, the Turning Point of the Civil 
 War, New York, 1914. 
 
 VANCE, MARGUERITE (Mrs. William L.) 
 (Nov. 27, 1889- ), born in Chicago, 
 lived in Wilmington and Cleveland for 21 
 years. In Cleveland she worked in Higbee's 
 book department. She left Cleveland in 
 1934 and moved to New York City, where 
 she was children's book editor for E. P. 
 Dutton & Co. Now retired, she lives in 
 New York. She has written more than 
 twenty books for young readers, e.g., A Star 
 for Hansi, New York, 1936. 
 
 VANCE, ROWLAND BOYD (Sept. 8, 1919- 
 ), was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. He graduated from East High 
 School, Columbus, in 1936 and Yale Uni- 
 versity in 1940. After World War II, in 
 which he served as a Marine, he studied 
 at the American Academy of Dramatic 
 Arts. He directed and acted in a number of 
 plays and is now an associate director with 
 Columbia Broadcasting System. During his 
 Marine Corps training at Quantico, Va., he 
 wrote They Made Me a Leatherneck, New 
 York, [1943]. 
 
 VANCE, VIRGINIA E. LOCKHART (July 
 21, 1834-March 25, 1929), was born in 
 Adams County. She was educated in Par- 
 kersburg, Va., and later returned with her 
 family to a farm near West Union. After 
 her marriage in 1861 she moved to Kansas, 
 where she lived until her death. Collec- 
 tions of her verse were privately printed 
 and given to friends and relatives. 
 On the Parnassian Hills, [n.p., n.d.]. 
 
 VAN CLEEF, EUGENE (Jan. 17, 1887- ), 
 educator, was born in Chicago. A graduate 
 of the University of Chicago in 1908 and 
 Clark University (Ph.D.) in 1926, he served 
 on the Ohio State University geography 
 
 faculty, 1921-57, and since his retirement 
 has continued to live in Columbus. He has 
 published numerous professional articles, 
 several textbooks, and The Story of the 
 Weather, New York, [1929]. WW 28 
 
 VAN DEMAN, ESTHER BOISE (Oct. 1, 
 
 1862-May 3, 1937), archaeologist, was 
 born in South Salem, Ross County. She 
 grew up in Kansas, where her family moved 
 in the early 1870s. She graduated from the 
 University of Michigan in 1891 and the 
 University of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1898. 
 After teaching Latin and archaeology at 
 several colleges, she joined the American 
 School, Rome, in 1906 and remained there 
 until her death. She published a number of 
 articles on Roman architecture and The 
 Building of the Roman Aqueducts, [Wash- 
 ington, D. C], 1934. DAB 22 
 
 VAN FOSSAN, WILLIAM HARVEY (Nov. 
 4, 1855-July 23, 1948), educator, was born 
 in Glasgow, Columbiana County. After 
 graduating from Mount Union College in 
 1882, he was a school superintendent in 
 Lisbon and East Palestine, president of 
 New Lyme Institute, Ashtabula County, 
 and was associated with Macmillan Com- 
 pany, 1907-35. He wrote historical articles 
 and a book: The Story of Ohio, New York, 
 1937. 
 
 VAN HORNE, DAVID (Dec. 11, 1837-April 
 12, 1930), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Glen, N. Y. A graduate of Union 
 College and New Brunswick Theological 
 Seminary, he was ordained to the ministry 
 of the Reformed (Dutch) Church in 1867. 
 He served pastorates in Greenwich, N. Y., 
 Dayton, and Philadelphia, Pa., until 1888, 
 when he became president of Heidelberg 
 Theological Seminary, Tiffin. After his re- 
 tirement he lived in Dayton. 
 A History of the Reformed Church in Phila- 
 delphia . . . , Philadelphia, 1876. 
 The Mountain Boy of Wildhaus . . . , Phil- 
 adelphia, 1884. 
 Tent and Saddle Life in the Holy Land, 
 
 Philadelphia, 1885. 
 Religion and Revelation . . . , Dayton, 1892. 
 The Church and the Future Life, Cleve- 
 land, 1904. 
 
 VAN HORNE, THOMAS BUDD (July 6, 
 182 1— April, 1895), clergyman, was born in 
 Lebanon, Warren County. After graduating 
 from Denison University in 1847, he served 
 there as a tutor, studied at Newton Theo- 
 logical Institution, and was a school prin- 
 cipal in the West. He was ordained to the 
 Baptist ministry in 1853 and served a 
 
Van Kirk, J. W. 
 
 656 
 
 church in Arkansas until 1860. He returned 
 to Ohio, became superintendent of schools 
 in Franklin, and in 1862 entered the serv- 
 ice as chaplain of the 13th O.V.I. He later 
 served as post chaplain at national ceme- 
 teries in Chattanooga, Tenn., and Marietta, 
 Ga., and at National Soldiers' Home, Day- 
 ton. 
 History of the Army of the Cumberland 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1875. 
 The Life of Major-General George H. 
 
 Thomas, New York, 1882. 
 
 VAN KIRK, JAMES WILLIAM (Feb. 27, 
 1858-?), clergyman, was born in Feed 
 Springs, Jefferson County. After graduating 
 from Mount Union College and Boston 
 University School of Theology, he preached 
 in the East Ohio Conference of the Methodist 
 Church. He wrote Brotherhood: The Call 
 of the Century, Youngstown, [1908]. 
 
 VAN KIRK, WALTER WILLIAM (Nov. 11, 
 1891— July 6, 1956), clergyman, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1917 and Boston University School of The- 
 ology in 1920. He served Methodist churches 
 in New England, 1920-25, and was secre- 
 tary of the Department of International 
 Justice and Goodwill in the Federal Coun- 
 cil of Churches, 1925-50. He published 
 several books on religion and international 
 peace, e.g., Religion Renounces War, New 
 York, 1934. WWW 3 
 
 VAN NOSTRAND, MRS. JOHN. See Nell B. 
 Dorr. 
 
 VAN TASSEL, CHARLES SUMNER (July 
 
 22, 1858-Oct. 15, 1942), journalist, was 
 born in Milton Township, Wood County. 
 His father was a teacher in the Indian Mis- 
 sion School on the Maumee River near 
 Grand Rapids. He worked on a number of 
 newspapers in Ohio: the Sandusky Register, 
 the Columbus Post, the Toledo Post, and 
 the Toledo Bee. After he retired from jour- 
 nalism to devote himself to historical re- 
 search, he wrote several works, including a 
 history of Bowling Green and Story of the 
 Maumee Valley, Toledo, and the Sandusky 
 Region . . . , 4 vols., Chicago, 1929. 
 
 VARNUM, JAMES MITCHELL (Dec. 17, 
 1748-Jan. 10, 1789), was born in Dracut, 
 Mass. He was admitted to the bar in 1771, 
 served with distinction in the Revolutionary 
 War, and was a member of the Continental 
 Congress. He was a director of the Ohio 
 Company, and in 1787, despite his poor 
 health, he accepted an appointment as 
 
 United States judge for the Territory North- 
 west of the Ohio River. He arrived in 
 Marietta June 5, 1788, and a month later 
 delivered a Fourth of July oration that was 
 published in Newport, R. I., making him 
 the author of one of the first works written 
 in Ohio. He died in Marietta. 
 
 VAUGHAN, CHARLES RAYMOND (Sept. 
 17, 1893-Oct. 12, 1947), clergyman, was 
 born in Georgesville, Franklin County. A 
 graduate of the University of Pittsburgh, he 
 was a Methodist minister and later was 
 affiliated with the Presbyterian church. He 
 was also a journalist and radio broadcaster. 
 After witnessing a teen-age street fight in 
 Columbus, he founded Boy-Land Clubs to 
 combat delinquency and also edited a maga- 
 zine, Boy-Land. His writings on the subject 
 include a book, published under the pen 
 name Pat McGuire: The Bread and Water 
 of Affliction, Pataskala, [1947]. 
 
 VAUGHAN, DANIEL (c. 1 820-April 6, 1879), 
 scientist, was born in County Clare, Ire- 
 land. He came to the United States about 
 1836 and conducted a school in Bourbon 
 County, Ky. In 1850 he moved to Cincin- 
 nati, where he became a lecturer on chem- 
 istry in the Eclectic Medical Institute. Pos- 
 sessed of an excellent education and great 
 mathematical ability, he was in demand as 
 a lecturer on astronomy and natural phe- 
 nomena at Midwestern educational institu- 
 tions. He held the chair of chemistry at the 
 Cincinnati College of Medicine and Sur- 
 gery, 1860-72, and then dropped from sight. 
 Only the attendants at the Cincinnati Pub- 
 lic Library knew the slight, shawl-draped 
 figure that haunted the library's reading 
 rooms. In April, 1879, he was found pros- 
 trated by pulmonary hemorrhages and near 
 starvation in a tenement room. 
 A New System of Vegetable Physiology, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1848. 
 Destiny of the Solar System, Cincinnati, 
 
 [1854]. 
 Popular Physical Astronomy . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1858. 
 Vegetation Traced to Natural Causes, 
 [n.p., 185-?]. 
 
 VEDRA, YARMO. Pseud. See Holmes W. 
 Merton. 
 
 VENABLE, EMERSON (Dec. 22, 1875- 
 
 ), educator, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County, the son of William H. 
 Venable (q.v.). He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati in 1898, served with 
 the 1st Ohio Volunteer Cavalry during the 
 Spanish-American War, and taught English 
 
657 
 
 Venable, W. H. 
 
 at Walnut Hills High School, Cincinnati, 
 1900-34. He now lives in Santa Monica, 
 Calif. He edited a collection of poetry by 
 Ohioans in 1909 and his father's poems in 
 1925. He wrote The Hamlet Problem and 
 Its Solution, Cincinnati, 1912. WW 29 
 
 VENABLE, WILLIAM HENRY (April 29, 
 1836-July 6, 1920), historian of literary 
 culture in the Ohio Valley and a contrib- 
 utor to that culture as teacher, poet, novel- 
 ist, essayist, and public speaker, was born 
 in a log cabin near Waynesville, Warren 
 County. A family background of Quaker- 
 ism — he was a descendant of Quaker 
 preacher William Venable, who settled near 
 the Delaware River about 1680, and the 
 son of pioneering Quaker parents — strongly 
 influenced his character development and 
 helped to shape his thinking. In 1843 the 
 family moved to a farm about seven miles 
 north of Lebanon, where Venable grew up 
 in an environment that combined the hard- 
 ships of near-pioneer life with the general 
 enlightenment of a cultivated household. 
 While he attended district school, his father 
 encouraged him to read Plutarch, Shake- 
 speare, Don Quixote, and Lewis and Clark's 
 Journal. Many years later, in A Buckeye 
 Boyhood (1911) he gave a vivid account 
 of his intellectual and moral development, 
 especially of the influence of Nature at a 
 time when vast stretches of the Midwest 
 were still unclaimed from the wilderness. 
 Venable early decided to become, like his 
 father, a teacher. When only seventeen he 
 was teaching at Sugar Grove. Later, at the 
 Southwestern State Normal School in Leba- 
 non, he won distinction for versatile schol- 
 arship in language, literature, history, and 
 science. After six years as student and 
 teacher, he spent the year 1860 as principal 
 of Jennings Academy in Vernon, Ind. It 
 was the only year he ever spent outside 
 Ohio. After his marriage in 1861 to Mary 
 Ann Vater of Indianapolis, he moved with 
 his young wife to Cincinnati, then the 
 "Metropolis of the Midwest." Here he was 
 to devote almost a quarter-century to the 
 posts of teacher, principal, and eventually 
 proprietor of a widely known college prep- 
 aratory school, the Chickering Institute. 
 Disposing of his school interest in 1886, 
 Venable busied himself during the follow- 
 ing three years in various literary ventures 
 and in public speaking in Ohio and neigh- 
 boring states. During the years from 1889 
 to 1900 he returned to teaching, to become 
 head of the English Department at Hughes 
 High School and then at Walnut Hills High 
 School in Cincinnati, while still finding the 
 time to publish a series of textbooks on Eng- 
 
 lish poetry. In 1900 he retired from teach- 
 ing to devote the rest of his life to writing 
 in a variety of fields. His death, following 
 a long illness, occurred in his eighty-fifth 
 year. He is buried in Spring Grove Ceme- 
 tery at Cincinnati. As a child Venable loved 
 to compose verses and in his teens fre- 
 quently contributed to local newspapers. 
 During his years at Chickering Institute, 
 and especially in the period that followed, 
 he found many opportunities for expression 
 by pen and tongue. He was happy in the 
 "Queen City of the West" and grateful for 
 its cultural resources, which he celebrated 
 in a "Civic Ode." Whether in verse or 
 prose, Venable displayed intense interest in 
 the history of his community, state, and na- 
 tion and in the beauties of Nature. And 
 he had an almost Wordsworthian convic- 
 tion of the importance of natural beauty in 
 the development of human character. His 
 School History of the United States (1872) 
 was for many years a standard textbook in 
 the schools of Ohio and other states. A vol- 
 ume of essays entitled Let Him First Be a 
 Man (1893) sets forth his ideal of teach- 
 ing as the arousing of an intense desire for 
 excellence, moral and intellectual. His pop- 
 ular romance A Dream of Empire; Or, the 
 House of Blennerhassett, (1901) was a best- 
 seller of its day. Benjamin Parker called it 
 "The one great novel of the Burr-Blenner- 
 hassett episode and one of the strongest, 
 most successfully constructed and captivat- 
 ing of modern historical romances." To 
 most adult readers of his time, Venable was 
 perhaps best known as a poet. His verses, 
 edited and issued after his death in a com- 
 plete edition (1925) by his son and literary 
 executor, Emerson Venable (q.v.), reveal 
 the scope of his interests as well as his 
 poetic gifts. James Whitcomb Riley called 
 him "The sweetest warbler of the whole en- 
 during flock." Widely known in their time 
 were his "Sage of the Oak," the pastoral 
 "June on the Miami," the Floridian Son- 
 nets, inspired by a holiday spent in the 
 Southern state, and the elegiac sonnets in 
 memory of his close friend and fellow poet 
 Coates Kinney (q.v.). Probably nothing he 
 ever wrote, however, won greater popularity 
 than his ingenious "My Catbird." Venable's 
 most notable achievement as a man of let- 
 ters was his Beginnings of Literary Culture 
 in the Ohio Valley (1891). This work of 
 more than 500 pages is a valuable record 
 of American cultural sources. It reflects the 
 author's own pioneer family background, 
 his erudition in Ohioana, his curiosity about 
 literary origins, and his unflagging energy. 
 He referred to the volume rather lightly as 
 "a repository of accumulated notes," and it 
 
Venable, W. M. 
 
 658 
 
 does indeed include data from various lec- 
 tures and journalistic pieces. Yet it is an ir- 
 replaceable survey of the cultural beginnings 
 of our early Western society in the period 
 brought to a close by the Civil War. During 
 his long, active career in Cincinnati, Venable 
 wrote a great many essays and newspaper 
 articles and delivered numerous public ad- 
 dresses on the art of teaching, on libraries 
 and other literary institutions of the state, and 
 on famous personages of Ohio. In recogni- 
 tion of his contributions to letters, he received 
 several honorary degrees — Master of Arts 
 from Asbury University in 1864, Doctor 
 of Laws from Ohio University in 1886, and 
 Doctor of Letters from the University of 
 Cincinnati in 1917. His lifework revealed 
 in happy coordination the gifts of the 
 imaginative writer and the spirit of the 
 devoted public servant. Among the authors 
 of Ohio he should be listed as "Educator, 
 Historian, Poet, Essayist, Novelist" — in 
 that order. In his work the ultimate ob- 
 jective of the teacher was never far in the 
 background. To him education was "the 
 supreme science of life, and conduct its ap- 
 plication." William Henry Venable was, un- 
 til his last illness, a man intensely devoted 
 to his calling as teacher and writer and to 
 encouraging the arts of self-expression in 
 others. His frail physique never deterred 
 him from arduous tasks. During his later 
 years his reputation had spread far from 
 his suburban home in Cincinnati's Tus- 
 culum Heights, where he sought to keep as 
 closely in touch with Nature as he had 
 been in the boyhood cabin at Waynesville. 
 His influence as a writer-educator in the 
 Ohio Valley has been considerable. He took 
 as an injunction upon himself a passage of 
 his own: "Words are deeds. He who speaks 
 well, or writes well, does service as prac- 
 tical as the sowing of grain, the steering of 
 a ship, or the curing of a wound." 
 
 Joseph Sagmaster 
 
 The Teacher's Dream, New York, 1881. 
 
 Melodies of the Heart . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1885. 
 
 Footprints of the Pioneers in the Ohio Val- 
 ley ... , Cincinnati, 1888. 
 
 Beginnings of Literary Culture in the Ohio 
 Valley . . . , Cincinnati, 1891. 
 
 John Hancock, Ph.D. A Memoir . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1892. 
 
 Let Him First Be a Man, and Other Essays 
 . . . , Boston, 1893. 
 
 The Last Flight, Cincinnati, 1894. 
 
 Tales from Ohio History for Home and 
 School, Norwalk, 1896. 
 
 A Dream of Empire; Or, the House of 
 Blennerhassett, New York, 1901. 
 
 Tom Tad, New York, 1902. 
 
 Saga of the Oak, and Other Poems, New 
 
 York, 1904. 
 Cincinnati, a Civic Ode . . . , [Cincinnati?, 
 
 1907?]. 
 Floridian Sonnets, Boston, 1909. 
 A Buckeye Boyhood, Cincinnati, 1911. 
 June on the Miami; An Idyll, Cincinnati, 
 
 1912. 
 A Centennial History of Christ Church 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati. 1918. 
 The Poems of William Henry Venable, 
 
 (Emerson Venable, ed.), New York, 1925. 
 
 VENABLE, WILLIAM MAYO (Feb. 14, 
 1871-June 2, 1955), engineer, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County, the son of 
 William H. Venable (q.v. ). He graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati in 1892, 
 served in the Spanish-American War, and 
 worked in Cuba for a time after the war. 
 He afterward was employed by various en- 
 gineering firms and for four years lived in 
 Pittsburgh, where he was recognized as a 
 patent expert. Besides the title below, he 
 published numerous scientific and technical 
 papers and books. 
 
 The Second Regiment of United States Vol- 
 unteer Engineers; A History, Cincinnati, 
 [1899]. 
 
 VER BECK, WILLIAM FRANCIS (June 1, 
 
 1858-July 13, 1933). was born in Belmont 
 
 County. He attended Belmont County 
 
 schools, but spent the greater part of his 
 
 later life in Mansfield. Under the name 
 
 Frank Ver Beck, he wrote and illustrated 
 
 books about comic animals for children. 
 
 The Dumpies and the Arkansas Bear, (with 
 Albert B. Paine), New York, 1898. 
 
 Acrobatic Animals, New York. 1899. 
 
 The Three Bears, New York, 1899. 
 
 Beasts and Birds, New York, 1900. 
 
 A Handbook of Golf for Bears, New York, 
 1900. 
 
 Book of Bears, Philadelphia, 1906. 
 
 The Little Lost Bear, London, 1915. 
 
 Short Little Tales from Bruintown, Phila- 
 delphia. 1915. 
 
 Ver Beck's Bears in Mother Gooseland, 
 London, 1915. 
 
 Timothy Tattle's Great Day, London, 1916. 
 
 The Donkey Child, New York. 1918. 
 
 The Elephant Child, New York. 1920. 
 
 The Little Bear Who Ran Away from Bruin- 
 town, Boston, 1923. 
 
 The Arkansas Bear Complete, (with Albert 
 B. Paine), Philadelphia, 1925. 
 
 Little Black Sambo and the Baby Elephant, 
 Philadelphia, 1925. 
 
 Little Black Sambo and the Monkey People, 
 Philadelphia. 1929. 
 
659 
 
 Victor, M. V. F. 
 
 Little Black Sambo and the Crocodiles, 
 Philadelphia, 1930. 
 
 Little Black Sambo in the Bears' Den, Phil- 
 adelphia, 1930. 
 
 VERSTEEG, JOHN MARINUS (Sept. 9, 
 1888- ), clergyman, born in Den Hel- 
 der, Holland, came to America in 1900 and 
 has lived in Ohio since 1932. He has served 
 Methodist churches in Cincinnati, 1932-46, 
 and Athens, 1951-57, was superintendent 
 of the Lima District, 1946-51, and since 
 1957 has been director of libraries at Meth- 
 odist Theological Seminary. He has written 
 several books on religion and stewardship, 
 e.g., Perpetuating Pentecost, Chicago, 1930. 
 WW 30 
 
 VICKERS, LEONARD R. (1833-1892), was 
 born in Akron, Summit County. He died in 
 Pueblo, Colo. No further biographical de- 
 tails have been found, but the title pages of 
 his books identify him as "Leonard B. 
 Vickers, Angel of God." 
 The Loud Voice . . . , Portland, Oreg., 
 
 1864. 
 Civil Theology . . . , [Ada], 1873. 
 
 VICKERY, WILLIS (Nov. 26, 1857-Sept. 
 26, 1932), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 Sandusky County. After graduating from 
 Boston University Law School in 1884, he 
 practiced in Sandusky, Erie, and Huron 
 Counties, and after 1896 he practiced in 
 Cleveland. He served as judge of common 
 pleas court, 1908-18, and after 1918 as 
 judge of the court of appeals. He collected 
 a large Shakespeare library and lectured on 
 Shakespeare's life and works. He was ac- 
 tive in the Rowfant Club and was responsi- 
 ble for several fine editions published by 
 that organization. He wrote The Rowfant 
 Bindery . . . , Cleveland, 1928. OBB 
 
 VICTOR, FRANCES FULLER (May 23, 
 1826-Nov. 14, 1902), elder sister of Metta 
 Fuller Victor (q.v. ), was born in Rome, 
 N. Y. In 1839 her parents moved to Woos- 
 ter, where both sisters wrote for various 
 periodicals. Around 1851 they moved to 
 New York, a fact which led many to com- 
 pare them to Alice and Phoebe Cary 
 (qq.v.). But Frances soon returned to Ohio 
 to care for her parents, and in 1853 she 
 married Jackson Baritt of Pontiac, Mich., 
 and temporarily gave up thoughts of a lit- 
 erary career. No details are available con- 
 cerning the next nine years. In 1862 she 
 married Henry Clay Victor, a naval engi- 
 neer and brother of Orville J. Victor (q.v.), 
 Metta's husband. In 1863 her husband was 
 ordered to San Francisco, and she accom- 
 
 panied him. After the Civil War they lived 
 in Portland, Oreg. After her husband was 
 killed in the wreck of the Pacific in 1875, 
 she returned to California. For eleven years 
 she worked for H. H. Bancroft (q.v.) do- 
 ing research for his historical volumes and 
 writing portions of several of them. In her 
 old age she lived in near-poverty in Oregon. 
 She died in Portland. 
 Poems of Sentiment and Imagination . . . , 
 
 (with Metta Fuller), New York, 1851. 
 Fresh Leaves from Western Woods, (with 
 
 Metta Fuller), Buffalo, 1852. 
 The River of the West . . . , Hartford, 
 
 Conn., 1870. 
 All Over Oregon and Washington . . . , 
 
 San Francisco, 1872. 
 The Women's War with Whisky . . . , Port- 
 land, Oreg., 1874. 
 Eleven Years in the Rocky Mountains . . . , 
 
 Hartford, Conn., 1877. 
 The New Penelope and Other Stories and 
 
 Poems, San Francisco, 1877. 
 Atlantis Arisen . . . , Philadelphia, 1891. 
 The Early Indian Wars of Oregon . . . , 
 
 Salem., Oreg., 1894. 
 
 VICTOR, METTA VICTORIA FULLER 
 
 (March 2, 1831-June 26, 1885), was born 
 near Erie, Pa. In 1839 her parents moved 
 to Wooster, where she attended the semi- 
 nary and began writing for local papers 
 when she was thirteen. While in her mid- 
 teens she was writing for the New York 
 Home Journal under the pen name Singing 
 Sybil. With her sister Frances (q.v.) she 
 went to New York, where they were known 
 as "The Sisters of the West." In 1856 she 
 married Orville J. Victor (q.v.) and be- 
 came one of the most popular in his corps 
 of Beadle writers. Her greatest success 
 probably came with Maum Guinea, said to 
 have been praised by Lincoln. In the bib- 
 liography below, which undoubtedly is in- 
 complete, The Senator's Son was republished 
 in 1855 as Parke Madison; the Miss Slim- 
 mens books were published under the pen 
 name Mrs. Mark Peabody; and The Dead 
 Letter and The Figure Eight appeared un- 
 der the pen name Seeley Regester. She also 
 compiled several cookbooks. Other pen 
 names used in her writings for Beadle were 
 Corinne Cushman, Eleanor Lee Edwards, 
 and Rose Kennedy. 
 Last Days of Tul, Boston, 1846. 
 Poems of Sentiment and Imagination . . . , 
 
 (with Frances Fuller), New York, 1851. 
 Fresh Leaves from Western Woods, (with 
 
 Frances Fuller), Buffalo. 1852. 
 The Senator's Son . . . , Cleveland, 1853. 
 The Arctic Queen, Sandusky, 1856. 
 Mormon Wives . . . , New York, 1856. 
 
Victor, O. J. 
 
 660 
 
 Miss Slimmens' Window and Other Papers, 
 
 New York, 1859. 
 Maum Guinea and Her Plantation "Chil- 
 dren," New York, [1861]. 
 The Two Hunters . . . , New York, [1866]. 
 Who Was He? . . . , New York, [1866]. 
 The Dead Letter . . . , New York, 1867. 
 Too True: A Story of To-day, New York, 
 
 1868. 
 The Figure Eight . . . , New York, [1869]. 
 Passing the Portal . . . , New York, 1876. 
 Miss Slimmens' Boarding House . . . , New 
 
 York, 1882. 
 Abijah Beanpole in New York . . . , New 
 
 York, 1884. 
 Mrs. Rasher's Curtain Lectures . . . , New 
 
 York, [1884]. 
 The Brown Princess . . . , New York, 1888. 
 The Phantom Wife, New York, 1888. 
 Born to Betray . . . , New York, 1890. 
 Guilty or Not Guilty . . . , New York, 
 
 1890. 
 The Gay Captain, New York, 1891. 
 Who Owned the Jewels? . . . , New York, 
 
 [1891]. 
 
 VICTOR, ORVILLE JAMES (Oct. 23, 1827- 
 March 14, 1910), editor, was born in San- 
 dusky, Erie County. After graduating from 
 Norwalk Academy in 1847, he read law, 
 and from 1851 to 1856 he was associate 
 editor of the Sandusky Register. After his 
 marriage to Metta Fuller (see above) in 
 1856, he served as editor of various maga- 
 zines, and in 1861 he became chief editor 
 for Beadle publications. He is sometimes in- 
 accurately credited with inventing the dime 
 novel, but the first novel published by 
 Beadle appeared in 1860, a year before he 
 joined the staff. He did, however, do much 
 to popularize this form of fiction. Although 
 his name appeared on none of the paper- 
 bound Beadle novels, he advised and as- 
 sisted the writers. His own writings, which 
 were nonfiction, history and biography, can 
 be fairly described as reasonably accurate 
 but pedestrian. His History of the Southern 
 Rebellion was first published in weekly 
 parts. 
 The Life of Joseph Garibaldi . . . , New 
 
 York, [I860]. 
 The American Rebellion. Some Facts and 
 
 Reflections for the Consideration of the 
 
 English People . . . , London, [1861]. 
 The History, Civil, Political and Military, 
 
 of the Southern Rebellion . . . , 4 vols., 
 
 New York, [1861-68?]. 
 The Life and Exploits of John Paul Jones 
 
 . . . , New York, [1861]. 
 The Life of Maj.-Gen. Geo. B. McClellan 
 
 . . . , New York, [1861]. 
 
 Incidents and Anecdotes of the War . . . , 
 
 New York, [1866]. 
 Men of the Time: Being Biographies of 
 
 Generals . . . , 3 vols., New York, 1862- 
 
 63. 
 Pittsburg Landing . . . , New York, [1862]. 
 History of American Conspiracies . . . , 
 
 New York, [1863]. 
 The Private and Public Life of Abraham 
 
 Lincoln . . . , New York, [1864]. 
 The Life and Times of Colonel Ethan Al- 
 len . . . , New York, [1876]. 
 The Life and Times of Israel Putnam . . . , 
 
 New York, [1876]. 
 
 VICTOR, SARAH MARIA (May 5, 1827- ? ), 
 was born in Pickaway County. After the 
 Civil War she settled in Cleveland. In 1876 
 she was convicted of murdering her brother 
 by putting arsenic in a mince pie. In 1887 
 she published the story of her life, a book 
 that mingles sensational incidents with 
 moralizing and protestations of her inno- 
 cence; it was edited by Harriet L. Adams 
 (q.v. ). She was pardoned in 1887, and she 
 sold the book in the streets of Cleveland, 
 hoping to convince the public that she was 
 innocent of the crime for which she had 
 been imprisoned. 
 
 The Life Story of Sarah M. Victor, for 
 Sixty Years. Convicted of Murdering Her 
 Brother . . . , Cleveland, 1887. 
 
 VIETZEN, RAYMOND CHARLES (Sept. 5, 
 1907- ), was born near Elyria, Lorain 
 County, and still lives in that county. He 
 graduated from high school in Elyria and 
 also studied at Oberlin College. While oper- 
 ating an automobile repair shop in Elyria, 
 he has made a hobby of collecting Indian 
 relics. He has conducted explorations in 
 Ohio and Kentucky, and owns and operates 
 the Indian Ridge Museum. He has published 
 a number of articles and books on archaeo- 
 logical and historical subjects, e.g., The Im- 
 mortal Eries, [Elyria], 1945. 
 
 VILLARD, HENRY (April 10, 1835-Nov. 
 12, 1900), journalist and financier, was 
 born in Bavaria. He came to America in 
 1853 and made his way to Cincinnati, where 
 he remained for a number of months. Re- 
 turning to Cincinnati late in 1858, he was 
 employed by the Cincinnati Commercial, 
 and was sent to Kansas as a correspondent. 
 He retained his connection with the Com- 
 mercial through the Republican National 
 Convention at Chicago in 1860. He pub- 
 lished his memoirs in 1904 and earlier wrote 
 The Past and Present of the Pike's Peak 
 Gold Regions . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 1860. 
 
661 
 
 Von Martels 
 
 VINCENT, BEATRICE MARY (Oct. 16, 
 1911- ), was born in Maple Heights, 
 Cuyahoga County. After graduating from 
 Ursuline College for Women in 1934, she 
 taught English in Maple Heights public 
 schools. She was fashion director at the 
 May Company, 1943-51, and since 1953 
 has been careers and beauty editor for the 
 Cleveland Press. She has published Make 
 Mine Success, New York, 1950. WWAW 1 
 
 VINCENT, BOYD (May 18, 1845-Jan. 14, 
 1935), clergyman, was born in Erie, Pa. 
 He was consecrated coadjutor bishop of 
 southern Ohio in 1889 and was bishop from 
 1904 until 1929. He lived in Cincinnati. 
 God and Prayer . . . , New York, 1897. 
 Recollections of the Diocese of Southern 
 Ohio, Milwaukee, Wis., 1934. 
 
 VINCENT, CLARENCE AUGUSTUS (Dec. 
 17, 1859-March 31, 1943). clergyman, 
 was born in Bainbridge, Ross County. After 
 graduating from Oberlin College in 1884 
 and the Seminary in 1888, he was ordained 
 a Congregational minister. He served a 
 church in Sandusky, 1894-98, and also 
 preached in other states before he retired 
 from the ministry in 1941. 
 Acts of Modern Apostles, Boston, 1893. 
 Providence in America; Or, the Problems 
 
 of Self -Government, Sandusky, [1898]. 
 Night and the Stars, Chicago, 1906. 
 
 VINCENT, JOHN MARTIN (Oct. 11, 1857- 
 Sept. 22, 1939), educator, was born in 
 Elyria, Lorain County. He graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1883 and Johns Hop- 
 kins University (Ph.D.) in 1890. He served 
 on the Johns Hopkins faculty, 1889-1925, 
 and wrote a number of articles and text- 
 books on history and government. 
 Government in Switzerland, New York. 
 
 1900. 
 Historical Research . . . , New York, 1911. 
 
 VOGT, PAUL LEROY (May 28, 1878-March 
 3, 1953), educator, was born in Upper San- 
 dusky, Wyandot County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Northern University in 1901 and the 
 University of Pennsylvania (Ph.D.) in 1907. 
 He was on the sociology faculty of Miami 
 University, 1911-15, and of Ohio State 
 University, 1915-17, and became superin- 
 tendent of rural work in the Methodist 
 Church in 1917. He published articles and 
 books, e.g., Church Cooperation in Com- 
 munity Life, New York, [1921]. WW 13 
 
 VOKOUN, FRANK JOSEPH (March 20, 
 1900- ), surgeon, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He graduated from 
 Western Reserve University (A.B., 1921; 
 M.D., 1924) and in 1925 began practice in 
 Cleveland. He served in World War II and 
 now lives in Lakewood. Besides medical ar- 
 ticles he has published a volume of poems, 
 the title of which is taken from his sum- 
 mer home, Montauk Acres: Montauk Melo- 
 dies . . . , Cleveland, 1930. WWO 
 
 VOLLMER, PHILIP (Nov. 28, 1860-Dec. 
 10, 1929), clergyman and educator, born 
 in Frankenthal, Germany, came to the 
 United States in 1878. Ordained to the 
 Presbyterian ministry in 1884, he taught in 
 various seminaries and was on the faculty 
 of Central Theological Seminary, Dayton, 
 1907-23. He published textbooks, study 
 guides, and John Calvin . . . , Philadelphia, 
 [1909]. WWW 1 
 
 VOLZ, J. ALBERT (1896- ), was born 
 in Fort Recovery. Mercer County, and at- 
 tended the schools of that community. 
 After serving in the Third Divison during 
 World War I, he was an assistant post- 
 master in Coldwater and still lives in that 
 community. He has written a number of 
 articles and booklets on Ohio history, e.g., 
 Rambles in Ohio, Carthagena, 1935. 
 
 VINCENT, THOMAS MacCURDY (Nov. 15, 
 1832-May 9, 1909), army officer, was born 
 near Cadiz, Harrison County. After gradu- 
 ating from the U. S. Military Academy in 
 1853, he served in the army until 1896, 
 when he retired as a brigadier general. 
 During the Civil War he was in charge of 
 the organization of volunteer forces. He 
 died in Zanesville. He delivered addresses 
 on Lincoln and Stanton and on the Battle 
 of Bull Run that were published as pam- 
 phlets. 
 The Military Power of the United States 
 
 during the War of the Rebellion, New 
 
 York, 1881. 
 
 VON ENGELN, OSKAR (July 3, 1880- 
 ), educator, was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. A graduate of Cornell Uni- 
 versity (A.B., 1908; Ph.D., 1911), he taught 
 geography and geology at his alma mater, 
 1907-49. Since his retirement he has con- 
 tinued to live in Ithaca, N. Y. Besides text- 
 books and laboratory manuals, he has 
 written At Cornell, Ithaca, [1909]. WW 27 
 
 VON MARTELS, HEINRICH W. (Nov. 7, 
 1803-April 18, 1896), was born in Ger- 
 many. He lived in Missouri, 1832-33, and 
 on his return to Germany published the 
 book listed below. In 1845 he went to 
 
Voorhees 
 
 662 
 
 Texas and California, where he made and 
 lost a fortune. He came to Cincinnati in 
 1850, edited the Volksfreund, and operated 
 a farm in Clermont County. 
 Der Westliche Theil der Vereinigten 
 
 Staaten von Nordamerika, Osnabriick, 
 
 1834. 
 
 VOORHEES, DANIEL WOLSEY (Sept. 26, 
 1827-April 10, 1897), was born in Liberty 
 Township, Butler County, but was taken by 
 his family to Indiana when he was two 
 months old. He served as a Democrat in the 
 House of Representatives and in the Sen- 
 ate. He was instrumental in the building of 
 the Library of Congress. He won wide re- 
 nown as an orator, and in addition to the 
 title below, many of his speeches were pub- 
 lished separately. 
 Forty Years of Oratory; Daniel Wolsey 
 
 Voorhees Lectures, Addresses 
 Speeches . . . , Indianapolis, 1898. 
 
 and 
 
 VORN HOLZ, MIRANDA L. (April 22, 1823- 
 Jan. 19, 1900), born in Kentucky, lived in 
 Cincinnati after 1852. An active worker in 
 the Methodist church, she served as an 
 evangelist in Ohio and Kentucky and in the 
 West. Her autobiography was edited and 
 published by her daughter, Ida Vorn Holz 
 Calkers. 
 
 The Old Paths, Cincinnati, 1898. 
 
 VOSS, ELIZABETH NIENABAR (March 24, 
 1862-Nov. 19, 1942), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County, and spent her en- 
 tire life in that city. Her poems appeared 
 in various periodicals, and she also pub- 
 lished at least two collections of verse, e.g., 
 The Soul's Voice, Boston, [1920]. AATB 
 
 w 
 
 WADDELL, CHARLES CAREY (March 3, 
 1868-June 11, 1930), journalist, was born 
 in Chillicothe, Ross County. He graduated 
 from Marietta College in 1889, was on the 
 staff of the Chillicothe News, 1890-93, 
 served as mayor of Chillicothe, 1893-97, 
 owned and edited the Daily News until 
 1900, and after 1901 devoted himself to 
 writing. Sometimes using the pen name 
 Charles Carey, he published many stories 
 and serials in magazines. His published 
 books include The Van Suyden Sapphires, 
 New York, 1905. WWW 1 
 
 WADDLE, ANGUS L. (March 16, 1826- 
 Sept. 12, 1901), was born in Chillicothe, 
 Ross County. He lived near Barrets Mills 
 and was a weaver by trade. He died in 
 Columbus. 
 
 Three Years with the Annies of the Ohio, 
 and the Cumberland, Chillicothe, 1889. 
 
 WADE, DECIUS SPEAR (Jan. 23, 1835- 
 Aug. 3, 1905), lawyer and judge, was born 
 near Andover, Ashtabula County. His un- 
 cle was Benjamin Franklin Wade, Senator 
 from Ohio, 1851-69, and leader of the 
 Radical Republicans during and after the 
 Civil War. Decius taught school while at- 
 tending Kingsville Academy and also read 
 law in his uncle's office at Jefferson. Ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1857, he practiced in 
 Jefferson and served as Ashtabula County 
 
 probate judge, 1860-67. In 1871 he was 
 appointed chief justice of Montana, a posi- 
 tion he held until 1887. His decisions were 
 significant in the shaping of mining and ir- 
 rigation laws. Besides his judicial decisions, 
 he wrote newspaper articles on Montana 
 history and the novel listed below. In 1895 
 he returned to Ashtabula County, where he 
 spent his last ten years. 
 Clare Lincoln. A Novel, Cambridge, Mass., 
 1876. 
 
 WADE, JANE. Pseud. See Nancy M. W. 
 Woodrow. 
 
 WADSWORTH, LENORAH ARBEL (Nov. 
 23, 1890-April 3, 1953), born in Vin- 
 cennes, Ind., was brought to Ohio while 
 still a small child and spent her life in Nor- 
 wood, Hamilton County. She published a 
 volume of verse: To Meet Your Need, 
 Poems of Sunny Sanity, [New York], 1946. 
 
 WAGENHAUSER, NITA (1903- ), was 
 born in Morehouse, Mo., but lived for a 
 number of years in Henry County. She has 
 written articles and fiction for Sunday school 
 papers and religious magazines and has also 
 published Little Stories of Christ's Passion, 
 Paterson, N. J., 1941. 
 
 WAGER, CHARLES HENRY ADAMS (Dec. 
 20, 1869-July 1, 1939), educator, born in 
 
663 
 
 Walden 
 
 Cohoes, N. Y., was professor of English 
 at Kenyon College, 1897-1900, and at 
 Oberlin College, 1900-35. After his retire- 
 ment he continued to live in Oberlin. He 
 published a collection of essays: To Whom 
 It May Concern, Chicago, 1928. WWW 1 
 
 WAGGONER, CLARK (Sept. 6, 1820-July 
 2, 1903), journalist, was born in Milan 
 Township, Huron County. From the age of 
 thirteen he worked as an apprentice printer 
 in Milan and Newark. After brief associa- 
 tions with various newspapers, he edited 
 the Toledo Blade, 1856-65, and published 
 the Toledo Commercial, 1866-76. Active in 
 the Republican Party, he was a leader in 
 Toledo civic affairs. He served as collector 
 of internal revenue, 1877-82. 
 History of the City of Toledo and Lucas 
 
 County . . . , New York, 1888. 
 A Plea for Equal Rights. The Railway: Its 
 Uses and Its Abuses . . . , Toledo, 1894. 
 
 WAGNALLS, MABEL (April 20, 1872- 
 March 22, 1946), was born in Atchison, 
 Kan. Her father, Adam Wagnalls, was a 
 partner in the publishing firm of Funk & 
 Wagnalls and co-founder of the Literary 
 Digest. She studied music in Europe and 
 made her American debut as a pianist in 
 1891. She married Richard Jones. While 
 living in Lithopolis, Fairfield County, her 
 parents' native town, she corresponded with 
 O. Henry (William S. Porter, q.v. ); his let- 
 ters to her were published in 1922. In 1925 
 she established a memorial library in 
 Lithopolis in honor of her parents, and on 
 her death she left the village $2,500,000. 
 She died in New York City and is buried 
 in Lithopolis. She wrote a number of piano 
 compositions and books with musical back- 
 grounds. 
 
 Miserere . . . , New York, 1892. 
 
 Stars of the Opera . . . , New York, 1898. 
 
 Selma the Soprano, New York, 1899. 
 
 The Palace of Danger . . . , New York, 
 
 1908. 
 The Rose-Bush of a Thousand Years, New 
 
 York, 1918. 
 The Light in the Valley . . . , New York, 
 
 1925. 
 The Mad Song, New York, 1926. 
 The Immortal Sinner, New York, 1933. 
 
 WAITE, FREDERICK CLAYTON (May 24, 
 1870-March 30, 1956), educator, was 
 born in Hudson, Summit County. He grad- 
 uated from Western Reserve University in 
 1892 and from Harvard University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1898. He was on the medical faculty of 
 Western Reserve University, 1892-95 and 
 
 1901-40. He wrote numerous scientific ar- 
 ticles and several historical studies of West- 
 ern Reserve, e.g., History of the School of 
 Dentistry of Western Reserve University, 
 Cleveland, 1940. WWW 3 
 
 WAKELAND, MARGARET E. K. (Mrs. Ed- 
 ward W.) (Aug. 21, 1920- ), born in 
 Evanston, 111., settled in Cincinnati in 1930. 
 She now lives in Fort Worth, Texas. Under 
 her maiden name, Elizabeth Kittredge, she 
 has published a book of verse: The Moon 
 Shines at Sundown, Boston, [1950]. 
 
 WALBRIDGE, WILLIAM SPOONER (Sept. 
 19, 1854-Nov. 23, 1935), industrialist, 
 born in Boston, Mass., was engaged in the 
 furniture business in that city until 1898, 
 when he came to Toledo to join the Owens 
 Bottle Machine Co. A leader in the Toledo 
 glass industry, he wrote the history of bot- 
 tle manufacture in the United States: Amer- 
 ican Bottles, Old & New . . . , Toledo, 1920. 
 OBB 
 
 WALD, LILLIAN D. (March 10, 1867-Sept. 
 1, 1940), social worker, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County, but grew up in 
 Rochester, N. Y., and spent her mature life 
 in New York City. After attending the New 
 York Hospital Training School for Nurses, 
 1889-91, she began the study of medicine. 
 Asked to organize home-nursing courses 
 among the immigrant families on the lower 
 Fast Side of New York, she abandoned her 
 medical studies and in 1893 established a 
 nursing center on Jefferson Street. Two 
 years later the Nurses' Settlement was 
 moved to 265 Henry Street, where Miss 
 Wald lived until her retirement in 1933. She 
 was a pioneer in the field of public health 
 nursing. She wrote two books about the 
 Henry Street Settlement: The House on 
 Henry Street, New York, 1915, and Win- 
 dows on Henry Street, Boston, 1934. DAB 
 22 
 
 WALDEN, ROBERT L. (Nov. 11, 1868- 
 ), lawyer, was born in Wellington, Lo- 
 rain County. While attending Baldwin Uni- 
 versity, 1892-95, he wrote for Cleveland 
 newspapers. He worked on the Norwalk 
 Daily Chronicle, 1896-99, and published 
 the Wellington Enterprise, 1899-1902. After 
 being admitted to the bar in 1904, he prac- 
 ticed in Wellington until his retirement in 
 1940. He has written many articles on local 
 history and other subjects for the Enter- 
 prise, and has published a collection of 
 poems: Candles on the Stairs, and Other 
 Poems, New York, [1949]. 
 
Waldman 
 
 664 
 
 WALDMAN, MILTON (Oct. 4, 1895- ), 
 journalist, was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. He graduated from Yale Uni- 
 versity in 1917 and did graduate work at 
 the Sorbonne, 1922-23. He became a re- 
 porter in 1917 and was associate editor of 
 the London Mercury, 1924-27. For many 
 years he has lived in England and Italy. He 
 has published novels, biographies, and his- 
 torical studies, e.g., Joan of Arc, New York, 
 [1935]. WW 30 
 
 WALKE, HENRY (Dec. 24, 1808-March 8, 
 1896), naval officer, was born in Princess 
 Anne County, Va., but lived in Chillicothe 
 from 1811 until 1827, when he was ap- 
 pointed a midshipman in the navy. He re- 
 tired as a rear admiral in 1871. During the 
 first years of the Civil War, he commanded 
 gunboats on the Mississippi; he later com- 
 manded the sloop Sacramento in the At- 
 lantic, 1863-65. He was a skillful artist and 
 illustrated his book on the Civil War period. 
 Naval Scenes and Reminiscences of the 
 Civil War . . . , New York, 1877. 
 
 WALKER, ALEXANDER (Oct. 13, 1818- 
 Jan. 24, 1893), journalist, born in Freder- 
 icksburg, Va., edited the Cincinnati En- 
 quirer, 1855-57. He wrote Jackson and New 
 Orleans . . . , New York, 1856. 
 
 WALKER, CHARLES MANNING (Dec. 25, 
 
 1834-Jan. 25, 1920), journalist, was born 
 in Athens, Athens County. He graduated 
 from Ohio University and around 1855 
 moved to Indianapolis, where he taught in 
 the Institute for the Blind and worked on 
 several Indianapolis newspapers. 
 History of Athens County, Ohio . . . , 2 
 
 vols., Cincinnati, 1869. 
 Sketch of the Life, Character, and Public 
 Services of Oliver P. Morton . . . , In- 
 dianapolis, 1878. 
 Hovey and Chase . . . , Indianapolis, 1888. 
 
 WALKER, JAMES RARR (July 29, 1805- 
 March 6, 1887), clergyman, born in Phila- 
 delphia, came in the late 1820s to 
 Ravenna, where he bought an interest in 
 the Western Courier and read law. At West- 
 ern Reserve College he came under the in- 
 fluence of Theodore D. Weld (q.v.), who 
 inspired him to vigorous abolitionism. As an 
 agent of the American Bible Society, he 
 traveled throughout western Ohio and after- 
 ward conducted the Ohio Observer, an abo- 
 lition paper, at Hudson. Ordained by the 
 Presbytery of Portage, he served a church 
 in Akron, 1837-39, and then moved to Cin- 
 cinnati, where he conducted an abolitionist 
 paper, The Watchman of the Valley, 1840- 
 
 42. Here, he wrote The Philosophy of the 
 Plan of Salvation, first published anony- 
 mously with an introduction by Calvin E. 
 Stowe (q.v.). The book went through many 
 editions in the United States and in Europe. 
 He served churches in Mansfield, 1842-46 
 and 1850-57, and Sandusky, 1857-63. He 
 later attempted to found a college at Ben- 
 zonia, Mich., and after the failure of that 
 project, taught and preached in Wheaton, 
 111., until his death. 
 Philosophy of the Plan of Salvation . . . , 
 
 New York, 1841. 
 God Revealed in the Process of Creation 
 
 . . . , New York, 1855. 
 Philosophy of Skepticism and Ultraism 
 
 . . . , New York, 1857. 
 The Philosophy of the Divine Operation in 
 the Redemption of Man, London, 1862. 
 The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1869. 
 The Living Questions of the Age . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1869. 
 Poetry of Reason and Conscience . . . , Chi- 
 cago, 1871. 
 Experiences of Pioneer Life in the Early 
 Settlements and Cities of the West, Chi- 
 cago, 1881. 
 
 WALKER, MARY EDWARDS (Nov. 26, 
 1832-Feb. 21, 1919), physician, born in 
 Oswego, N. Y., practiced medicine in Co- 
 lumbus for a short time after her gradua- 
 tion from Syracuse Medical College in 
 1855. During the summer of 1864, she was 
 attached to the 52nd O.V.I, as a contract 
 surgeon. A vehement advocate of women's 
 rights, she wore men's clothes and lectured 
 widely. She was also a believer in spirit- 
 ualism. She wrote Unmasked, or the Science 
 of Immorality . . . , Philadelphia, 1878. 
 
 WALKER, ROLLIN HOUGH (Dec. 19, 
 1865-Aug. 4, 1955), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Columbus, Franklin 
 County. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1888 and Boston University 
 School of Theology (B.D., 1892; Ph.D., 
 1908). A member of the Ohio Wesleyan 
 faculty for many years, he wrote articles 
 and several books on the Bible and other 
 religious themes, e.g., Jesus and Our Press- 
 ing Problems, New York, [1935]. WWW 3 
 
 WALKER, THOMAS BARLOW (Feb. 1, 
 1840-July 28, 1928), was born in Xenia, 
 Greene County. In 1855 his widowed 
 mother moved to Berea, where he taught 
 school and attended Baldwin University. In 
 1863 he married and settled in Minneap- 
 olis. Working as a surveyor he became fa- 
 miliar with the timberlands of northern 
 
665 
 
 Wallington 
 
 Minnesota. Lumbering and Minneapolis 
 real-estate transactions made him wealthy. 
 He devoted much of his time and fortune 
 to the acquisition of paintings, jewelry, and 
 other art objects. An extreme conservative, 
 he opposed most reforms. Several of his 
 public addresses were published in pam- 
 phlet form. 
 
 Free Silver Coinage, and the Inevitable 
 Evils That Would Result from It, [Min- 
 neapolis, 1894?]. 
 The Relation of the Tariff to the Public 
 Welfare . . . , Minneapolis, 1916. 
 
 WALKER, TIMOTHY (Dec. 1, 1806-Jan. 
 15, 1856), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 Wilmington, Mass. He graduated from Har- 
 vard College in 1826, taught school, and 
 spent a year studying law at Harvard. In 
 1830 he came to Cincinnati, where he read 
 law and was admitted to the bar. He be- 
 came the law partner of Edward King and 
 Salmon P. Chase. He contributed to Cin- 
 cinnati periodicals and was an active mem- 
 ber of the Semi-Colon Club. At the sug- 
 gestion of Judge John C. Wright, he joined 
 in establishing the Cincinnati Law School 
 in 1833 and for a time was in charge of 
 that institution. In 1842 he was named pres- 
 ident judge of the Hamilton County com- 
 mon pleas court. The result of his teach- 
 ing in the law school was the composition 
 of his Introduction to American Law. He 
 was a strong advocate of the codification of 
 the laws of the state. He died in Cincin- 
 nati. A number of his public addresses were 
 published as separate pamphlets. 
 The Dignity of the Law as a Profession, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1837. 
 Introduction to American Law . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1837. 
 
 WALKER, WILLIAM (March 5. 1800-Feb. 
 13, 1874), was born in what is now Gi- 
 braltar, Mich., a member of the Wyandot 
 tribe. He was educated at Philander 
 Chase's academy in Worthington. Upon 
 completing his education, he returned to 
 the Upper Sandusky reservation, where he 
 became a leader of the Wyandot nation, 
 taught in the mission school, and, accord- 
 ing to Henry Howe (q.v.), was the tribe's 
 head chief. Walker left with his tribe for 
 Kansas in 1843. Ten years later he was 
 appointed provisional governor of the Ne- 
 braska Territory. He contributed many ar- 
 ticles to newspapers and periodicals. His 
 journals were published by the Nebraska 
 State Historical Society. He died at Kansas 
 City, Mo. 
 
 The Journals of William Walker . . . , Lin- 
 coln, Neb., 1899. 
 
 WALLACE, FRANCIS, was born in Bellaire, 
 Belmont County. In 1923 he graduated 
 from Notre Dame University, where he had 
 worked as a sports reporter and publicity 
 director. For twelve years he was a staff re- 
 porter for various New York newspapers, 
 specializing in football, baseball, and box- 
 ing. Since then his residence has been Bell- 
 aire, but he has worked as a writer for 
 several motion-picture studios and as a 
 commentator on radio and television. He in- 
 vented the Football Preview, which ran in 
 the Saturday Evening Post, 1937-48, and 
 in Collier's, 1949-56. He has written nu- 
 merous short stories and articles and fifteen 
 books, most of them on athletics, e.g., 
 Razzle-Dazzle, New York, [1938]. 
 
 WALLACE, FREDERICK STEPHEN (Oct. 
 
 12, 1838-Oct. 10, 1924), engineer, was 
 born in Onondaga County, N. Y. When the 
 Civil War began, he was living in Cincin- 
 nati. He enlisted in the 2nd O.V.I, in April, 
 1861, later served in the 52nd O.V.I., the 
 61st O.V.I., and the 82nd O.V.I., and was 
 discharged as a major in July, 1865. He 
 lived in Cincinnati for a time after the 
 war, and then moved to Georgia and Ten- 
 nessee; he died in Chattanooga. He wrote a 
 regimental history: The Sixty-first Ohio 
 Volunteers . . . , Marysville, 1902. 
 
 WALLACE, FREDERICK T. (1819-March 
 24, 1895), was born in Waterbury, Vt. He 
 was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts 
 and served a term in the Massachusetts 
 legislature before coming to Cleveland 
 around 1853. In Cleveland he practiced law 
 and dealt in real estate, served on the city 
 council, and was a frequent contributor to 
 the Plain Dealer. He is said to have written 
 a number of pamphlets on Cleveland cem- 
 eteries and their occupants, but none has 
 been located. His Men and Events is a 
 compilation of anecdotes pertaining to his 
 life in Cleveland. 
 The Cleveland Viaduct. Retrospective and 
 
 Prophetic, Cleveland, 1879. 
 Men and Events of Half a Century, Cleve- 
 land, 1882. 
 Nuggets, or Secrets of Great Success, (with 
 Sarah K. Bolton), Cleveland, 1892. 
 
 WALLING, LUCY. Pseud. See Anna Nixon. 
 
 WALLINGTON, NELLIE URNER (Feb. 13. 
 1847-Jan. 12, 1933), journalist, was born 
 in Cincinnati. Hamilton County. She grad- 
 uated from Woodward High School, Cin- 
 cinnati, in 1864 and afterward worked on 
 the Philadelphia Commercial Times and 
 other magazines and newspapers. She died 
 
Wallis 
 
 666 
 
 in Parkerford, Pa. Her writings include His- 
 toric Churches of America, New York, 
 1907. WW 9 
 
 WALLIS, LOUIS (1876- ), was born in 
 Columbus, Franklin County. He was an 
 optician in Columbus and later lived in 
 Chicago and California. He wrote By the 
 Waters of Babylon; A Stoiy of Ancient 
 Israel, New York, 1931. 
 
 WALTER, EUGENE (Nov. 27, 1874-Sept. 
 26, 1941), playwright, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County, where he attended 
 public schools. He worked on newspapers 
 in Cleveland, Cincinnati, and other cities 
 and served as business manager of various 
 theatrical companies. He wrote his first 
 play in 1902 and had his first success in 
 1907 with The Undertow. Author or 
 adaptor of a number of popular plays, he 
 received most attention for his somewhat 
 daring and melodramatic drama, The Easiest 
 Way . . . , [New York, 1908]. WWW 1 
 
 WALTERMIRE, BEECHER WESLEY (May 
 18, 1858-Dec. 31, 1932), lawyer, was born 
 in Sedalia, Mo. After reading law in Ken- 
 ton, he was admitted to the bar in 1882 
 and practiced in Findlay; he also served as 
 mayor of that community. He later moved 
 to Columbus. 
 The Adventures of a Skeleton. A Tale of 
 
 Natural Gas, New York, [1890]. 
 Buckeye Ballads, [Toledo], 1906. 
 
 WALTERS, RAYMOND (Aug. 25, 1885- 
 ), educator, born in Bethlehem, Pa., 
 was president of the University of Cincin- 
 nati, 1932-55. He has published annual 
 statistics on college and university enroll- 
 ment since 1919. Author of numerous mag- 
 azine articles, he has also published a fam- 
 ily history and other books, e.g., Stephen 
 Foster: Youth's Golden Gleam . . . , Prince- 
 ton, [N. J.], 1936. WW 30 
 
 WALTON, GEORGE EDWARD (Dec. 25, 
 1839-July 9, 1917), physician, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. In 1864 he 
 graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical 
 College, New York, and in 1866 he began 
 practice in Cincinnati. He also served on 
 the faculty of Cincinnati Medical College. 
 In 1890 he moved to Daytona, Fla. He 
 died in Terre Haute, Ind., while visiting his 
 son. He wrote a number of medical ar- 
 ticles and pamphlets. 
 
 The Mineral Springs of the United States 
 and Canada . . . , New York, 1873. 
 
 WALTON, JOSEPH (1817-1898), was born 
 on a farm near Barnesville, Belmont 
 County, and spent his entire life in that 
 area. He was, as the titles of his books in- 
 dicate, a member of the Society of Friends. 
 Brief Biographies of Some Members of the 
 Society of Friends . . . , Philadelphia, 
 [187-?]. 
 Incidents and Reflections Containing Illus- 
 trations of Christian Truths, Philadelphia, 
 1888. 
 Incidents Illustrating the Doctrines and 
 History of the Society of Friends, Phila- 
 delphia, 1897. 
 
 WALTZ, ELIZABETH CHERRY (Dec. 10. 
 1866-Sept. 19, 1903), journalist, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County, and at- 
 tended the schools of that city. Left a 
 widow at an early age, she worked on the 
 Cincinnati Tribune, 1895-97, and on the 
 Springfield Republic-Times, 1897-98. In 
 1898 she married Frederick H. Waltz and 
 settled in Louisville, Ky., where she was 
 literary editor of the Courier-Journal until 
 her death. She wrote a number of stories 
 for Century Magazine, published in book 
 form as Pa Gladden; The Story of a Com- 
 mon Man, New York, 1903, and a post- 
 humously published novel attacking divorce: 
 The Ancient Landmark . . . , New York, 
 1905. WWW 1 
 
 WALTERS, ZELIA MARGARET (Feb. 3, 
 1875- ), was born on a farm near Lodi, 
 Medina County. She attended an Akron high 
 school and Akron Normal School. She 
 taught classes in children's storytelling at 
 Chautauqua and elsewhere. She was mar- 
 ried to Harry H. Walters, now deceased; 
 she lives at present in Wallingford, Pa. She 
 has written a number of religious books for 
 children, e.g.. The Children's Crusade, El- 
 gin, 111., [1928]. 
 
 WALTON, FRANCIS. Pseud. See Alfred 
 Hodder. 
 
 WAMBAUGH, SARAH (March 6, 1882- 
 Nov. 12, 1955), was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. After graduating from 
 Radcliffe College in 1902, she spent three 
 years on the staff of that institution as an 
 assistant in history and government. In 1934 
 she was appointed by the League of Na- 
 tions to help organize the Saar plebiscite; 
 she later served the U. S. government and 
 the United Nations in various advisory ca- 
 pacities. She died in Cambridge, Mass. She 
 wrote magazine articles and books, e.g., 
 The Saar Plebiscite . . . , Cambridge, Mass., 
 1940. WWW 3 
 
667 
 
 Ward, N. 
 
 WANAMAKER, REUBEN MELVILLE (Aug. 
 2, 1866-June 18, 1924), lawyer and judge, 
 was born in North Jackson, Mahoning 
 County. After studying at Ohio Northern 
 University, he read law in Lima for two 
 years and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 
 1893. He began to practice in Akron and 
 was elected prosecuting attorney in 1895. 
 He won widespread attention for his vig- 
 orous action against the participants in the 
 riots of 1900. He served as judge of com- 
 mon pleas court, 1906-12, and of the state 
 supreme court, 1912-24. He took his own 
 life in Columbus when under treatment for 
 a nervous breakdown. He wrote a number 
 of articles for the Saturday Evening Post 
 and also published a book: The Voice of 
 Lincoln, New York, 1918. DAB 19 
 
 WARD, ARTEMUS. Pseud. See Charles F. 
 Browne. 
 
 WARD, DLRBIN (Feb. 11, 1819-May 22, 
 1886), lawyer, born in Augusta, Ky., was 
 brought up in Fayette County, Ind. He 
 studied at Miami University for two years, 
 read law with Thomas Corwin (q.v.), and 
 became his partner in 1842. He held var- 
 ious state offices and was prominent in the 
 affairs of the Democratic Party. He served 
 in the Civil War with the 17th O.V.I. His 
 speeches were edited and published post- 
 humously by his widow, Elizabeth Pro- 
 basco Ward. 
 
 Life, Speeches and Orations of Ditrbin 
 Ward, of Ohio, Columbus. 1888. 
 
 WARD, GILBERT OAKLEY (Feb. 21, 1880- 
 Feb. 24, 1944). librarian, born in New 
 York City, lived in Cleveland from 1908 
 until his death. He was associated with the 
 public school libraries, 1908-13, and with 
 the Public Library, 1913-44. He published 
 several articles and pamphlets on library 
 work and also wrote poems, a number of 
 which were published posthumously in Sun- 
 set Freight, Cleveland, 1944. WWW 2 
 
 WARD, JAMES E. D. (1838-Oct. 3, 1899), 
 was born in New Jersey. He served as a 
 private in the 12th O.V.I, from June, 1861, 
 to July, 1864. He died in Montgomery 
 County. His volume is the first history of 
 an Ohio Civil War regiment to be published 
 in book form. 
 
 Twelfth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Ripley, 
 1864. 
 
 WARD, JAMES WARNER (June 5, 1816- 
 June 28, 1897). was born in Newark, N. J. 
 His father, a publisher and bookseller, died 
 when the boy was four years old. Ward grew 
 
 up in Boston and his early years in Ohio are 
 quite obscure; it has been said that he opened 
 a school in Columbus in 1834, but this 
 seems an unlikely venture for an eighteen- 
 year-old boy. The book Yorick and Other 
 Poems, probably the first book of poems pub- 
 lished in northern Ohio, appeared anony- 
 mously; it is sometimes attributed to Irad 
 Kelley (q.v.). Ward studied medicine at the 
 Medical College of Ohio, and in 1851 he 
 joined the faculty of the Ohio Female Col- 
 lege near Cincinnati. In 1854 he resigned to 
 establish and edit the Horticultural Review 
 and Botanical Magazine in association with 
 John A. Warder (q.v.). He was employed by 
 the Cincinnati publishing house of H. W. 
 Derby & Co., 1855-59. In 1859 he moved to 
 New York City. While in Ohio he contrib- 
 uted many scientific articles and poems to 
 various periodicals. He served in the New 
 York customs house, 1859-74, and as li- 
 brarian of the Grosvenor Library, Buffalo, 
 N. Y„ 1874-96. He died in Buffalo. 
 Yorick and Other Poems, Cleveland, 1838. 
 Woman. A Poem, Cincinnati, 1852. 
 Home Made Verses . . . , Boston, 1857. 
 The Song of Higher-Water, New York, 1868. 
 
 WARD, MAY ALDEN (March 1, 1853-Jan. 
 15, 1918), was born in Mechanicsburg, 
 Champaign County. She graduated from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1872 and the 
 following year married Rev. William G. 
 Ward (q.v.). She wrote articles on European 
 literature for various periodicals and lectured 
 or literary subjects. She lived in Cleveland 
 for a number of years before moving to 
 Franklin, Mass. 
 
 Dante, a Sketch of His Life and Works, Bos- 
 ton, 1887. 
 Petrarch, a Sketch of His Life and Works, 
 
 Boston, 1891. 
 Old Colony Days, Boston, 1896. 
 Prophets of the Nineteenth Century . . . , 
 
 Boston, 1900. 
 The Influence of Women's Clubs . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, [1906]. 
 
 WARD, NAHUM (Oct. 23, 1785-April 6, 
 1860), was born in Shrewsbury, Mass. He 
 came to Marietta in June, 1809, remained 
 six weeks, and returned two years later to 
 settle. He became the owner of large tracts 
 of land in Washington, Meigs, and adjacent 
 counties. The anonymous booklet listed be- 
 low was drawn largely from the work of 
 Thomas Hutchins and other travelers. Some 
 authorities attribute it to Ward, although the 
 best evidence favors the authorship of Re- 
 turn J. Meigs (q.v.). In any event, the book 
 was issued in Scotland while Ward was there 
 to promote the sale of his land. He was sue- 
 
Ward, V. L. 
 
 668 
 
 cessful in his ventures and became an in- 
 fluential citizen of Marietta. The Unitarian 
 Church in that community was built at his 
 expense in 1855. 
 A Brief Sketch of the State of Ohio, One of 
 
 the United States in North America . . . , 
 
 Glasgow, 1822. 
 
 WARD, VIRGINIA LEE (d.Jan. 6, 1957), 
 born in Lexington, Ky., lived in Norwood 
 about thirty years. Active in civic affairs, she 
 was executive secretary of the Norwood Serv- 
 ice League, 1917-34. In 1934 she moved to 
 Mt. Sterling, Ky., where her husband, Nelson 
 E. Ward, operated a chain of theaters. Her 
 poems appeared in various periodicals, and 
 she published a novel: The Welcome Stran- 
 ger, Philadelphia, [1943]. 
 
 WARD, WILLIAM GODMAN (Nov. 5, 1848- 
 Nov. 3, 1923), educator, was born in San- 
 dusky, Erie County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1872 and Drew Theo- 
 logical Seminary in 1873, and also studied 
 abroad. He taught history and political sci- 
 ence at Baldwin University, 1887-90, and 
 also served on the faculties of several other 
 colleges. 
 The Poetry of Robert Browning, Boston, 
 
 1898. 
 Tennyson's Debt to Environment . . . , Bos- 
 ton, 1898. 
 
 WARDEN, LEWIS CHRISTOPHER (Aug. 
 26, 1913- ), lawyer and judge, was born in 
 St. Clairsville, Belmont County. After prac- 
 ticing law in Columbus and Gallipolis, where 
 he also served as common pleas judge, he 
 moved to Rochester, N. Y., where he joined 
 the Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Com- 
 pany. His writings include The Life of Black- 
 stone, Charlottesville, Va., 1938. WWMW 49 
 
 WARDEN, ROBERT BRUCE (Jan. 18, 
 1824-Dec. 3, 1888), lawyer, was born in 
 Bardstown, Ky. He began reading law in 
 Cincinnati in 1840 and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1845. He became judge of the court 
 of common pleas in Cincinnati in 1850, and 
 reporter of the supreme court of Ohio in 
 1853. When but thirty years of age, he was 
 appointed to the state supreme court, to fill 
 the vacancy created by the resignation of 
 chief justice John A. Corwin. While in Co- 
 lumbus he undertook the course of study at 
 the Starling Medical School, where he later 
 lectured on the forensic doctrines of insanity. 
 He returned to Cincinnati during the Civil 
 War and moved to Washington in 1873. 
 Though for a time he advanced rapidly 
 in his chosen profession, he was a man of 
 more literary than legal ability. He died in 
 Washington. 
 
 Ardvoirlich. Tragedy, Cincinnati, 1857. 
 
 A Familiar Forensic View of Man and Law, 
 Columbus, 1860. 
 
 A Voter's Version of the Life and Character 
 of Stephen Arnold Douglas, Columbus, 
 1860. 
 
 Law for All, Washington, D. C, 1873. 
 
 An Account of the Private Life and Public 
 Services of Salmon Portland Chase, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1874. 
 
 An Appeal by the Author of the "Best 
 Abused Book of the Period," Washington, 
 D. C, 1876. 
 
 An Essay on the Law of Art, Washington, 
 D. C, 1878. 
 
 A Study of the Law, Washington, D. C, 
 1878. 
 
 Sketches of American Law, Washington, 
 D. C, 1879. 
 
 Authors and Reviewers, Washington, D. C, 
 1880. 
 
 An Earnest Call, [Washington, D. C], 1880. 
 
 A Book of Type and Types . . . , Washing- 
 ton, D. C, 1885. 
 
 Letters, [Washington, D. C], 1885. 
 
 Aspects of Adjudication, Washington, D. C, 
 1886. 
 
 At or Near the Capital: Familiar Letters to 
 a Young American from an American 
 Who Is No Longer Young . . . , Washing- 
 ton, D. C, 1886. 
 
 WARDER, JOHN ASTON (Jan. 19, 1812- 
 July 14, 1883), physician, and horticultur- 
 ist, was born near Philadelphia, Pa. In 1830 
 his family moved to Springfield, Clark 
 County. After graduating from Jefferson 
 Medical College in 1836, he began practice 
 in Cincinnati and took an active part in the 
 scientific and medical life of the city. He 
 was one of the founders of the Cincinnati 
 Astronomical Society, the Western Academy 
 of Natural Sciences, the Cincinnati Horti- 
 cultural Society, the Ohio Medical College, 
 and the Cincinnati Society of Natural His- 
 tory. Although he was an eminent physician, 
 he did his most notable work in horticulture 
 and forestry. In 1854 he conducted the Hor- 
 ticultural Review and Botanical Magazine 
 with James W. Ward (q.v.). In 1855 he 
 moved to a farm at North Bend. He con- 
 tributed many articles to horticultural and 
 agricultural periodicals. He was a member 
 of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, 1871- 
 76, served as U. S. Commissioner to the 
 World's Fair in Vienna in 1873, for which 
 he prepared the American report on Forests 
 and Forestry, and was president of the Amer- 
 ican Forestry Association, 1875-82. In scien- 
 tific circles he is remembered for describing, 
 in 1853, the Catalpa speciosa, which had not 
 been recognized as a distinct species until 
 that time. He was among the first to arouse 
 
669 
 
 Warren, J. 
 
 public interest in the beautifying of public 
 
 and private parks. He died at North Bend. 
 
 A Geological Reconnoisance [sic] of the 
 Arkansas River, Cleveland, 1854. 
 
 Hedges and Evergreens . . . , New York, 
 1854. 
 
 American Pomology. Apples, New York, 
 [1867]. 
 
 An Essay on Timber Planting in Ohio, Co- 
 lumbus, 1880. 
 
 WARE, JOSEPH (June 20, 1841-Aug. 31, 
 1922), was born in Mechanicsburg, Cham- 
 paign County, a town that his ancestors had 
 helped to settle. A graduate of Adrian Col- 
 lege, Mich., he operated a farm in Cham- 
 paign County and wrote several books of 
 verse, e.g., Links of Gold, Boston, 1914. 
 
 WARE, NATHANIEL A. (c. 1780-1 854), 
 lived in Cincinnati for some years after 1840. 
 Little is known of his life except that he be- 
 came wealthy through land speculation in the 
 South and West. His writings include Har- 
 vey Belden . . . , Cincinnati, 1848. 
 
 WAREING, ERNEST CLYDE (May 29, 
 1872-Feb. 4, 1944), clergyman, was born in 
 Volga, Ind. He graduated from Asbury Uni- 
 versity in 1898 and was ordained to the 
 Methodist ministry in 1901. He lived in Cin- 
 cinnati while editing the Western Christian 
 Advocate, 1912-32. He wrote a number of 
 books on religious subjects, e.g., Critical 
 Hours in a Preacher's Life, New York, 
 [1923]. WWW 2 
 
 WARFEL, LINDA. See Linda W. Slaughter. 
 
 WARING, ROGER L. (April 21, 1890- 
 ), architect, was born in Tecumseh, 
 Mich. He lived in Cleveland, 1921-29, re- 
 turned in 1942, and still lives there. His 
 poems have appeared in various periodicals, 
 and he has published a collection: Places in 
 the Heart, in Life, in Nature, in Fun, New 
 York, 1928. 
 
 WARNER, ADONIRAM JUDSON (Jan. 13, 
 1834-Aug. 3, 1910), born in Wales, N. Y., 
 and reared in Wisconsin, settled in Marietta 
 after the Civil War. He was active in oil, 
 coal, and railroad enterprises and served 
 three terms in Congress, 1879-85. Beginning 
 in the 1870s he devoted more and more of 
 his energy to the money question and wrote 
 and spoke widely in favor of free silver. He 
 was the first president of the Bimetallic 
 League. He died in Marietta. 
 The Appreciation of Money . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1877. 
 
 The Problem of Resumption Re-examined 
 . . . , [Marietta, 1878]. 
 
 Our Debt Abroad. How It Has Grown, and 
 How It Is Affected by the Appreciation of 
 Gold, Washington, [D. C], 1895. 
 
 Facts about Silver, Chicago, [1896]. 
 
 WARNER, HENRY EDWARD (Jan. 17, 
 1876-ApriI 11, 1941), journalist, was born 
 in Elyria, Lorain County. He was on the 
 staff of a number of newspapers and after 
 1910 worked on the Baltimore Sun. His writ- 
 ings include Songs of the Craft, Washington, 
 D. C, [1929]. WWW 2 
 
 WARNER, HORACE EVERETT (Jan. 10, 
 1839-Oct. 29, 1930), lawyer, was born in 
 Lake County. After graduating from Beloit 
 College in 1867, he read law and practiced 
 in Iowa. His writings include The Cricket's 
 Song, and Other Melodies, Philadelphia, 
 1907. WWW 1 
 
 WARREN, FREDERICK MORRIS (June 9, 
 1859-Dec. 7, 1931), educator, born in Dur- 
 ham, Maine, was on the Western Reserve 
 University faculty, 1881-83 and 1891-1901. 
 Besides French textbooks and professional 
 articles, he wrote A History of the Novel 
 Previous to the Seventeenth Century, New 
 York, 1895. 
 
 WARREN, JOSIAH (1798-April 14, 1874), 
 reformer, was born in Boston, Mass. He 
 settled in Cincinnati as an orchestra leader 
 in 1820. There he displayed an exceptional 
 inventive talent. In 1823 he was granted a 
 patent for a lard-burning lamp and estab- 
 lished a lamp factory, which proved to be a 
 profitable venture. The returns from a series 
 of inventions in the field of printing enabled 
 him to indulge his radical theories of social 
 reform. He joined Robert Owen in the ex- 
 periment at New Harmony, Ind., but after 
 two years returned to Cincinnati. In May, 
 1827, he established his "equity store," for 
 which he is best remembered in Ohio. 
 Founded on the principle that interchanges 
 of goods and services should be based solely 
 upon direct cost, his store gave and received 
 labor-notes in transactions with its customers. 
 In large measure the store served as an em- 
 ployment exchange, and it soon became one 
 of the most popular mercantile establish- 
 ments in the city. People referred to it as 
 the "Time Store" because of the clock used 
 by the proprietor to determine the time in- 
 volved and the compensation due him for 
 his services in waiting upon customers. At 
 the end of two years he closed his store with- 
 out profit or loss. The village of Equity, es- 
 tablished by him in Tuscarawas County in 
 
 ! 
 
Warren, M. 
 
 670 
 
 1830, was abandoned two years later because 
 of the unhealthful conditions in its locality. 
 The first number of his Peaceful Revolution- 
 ist appeared in January of 1833, but failed 
 to survive the year. He founded the village of 
 Utopia in Clermont County in 1847, a com- 
 munity that went on progressing in a quiet 
 way for many years after he left Ohio. He 
 returned to Boston in 1850, and the follow- 
 ing year he founded the Village of Modern 
 Times on Long Island. He died in Boston. 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 Equitable Commerce . . . , Cincinnati, 1846. 
 Written Music Remodeled, and Invested with 
 the Simplicity of an Exact Science . . . , 
 Boston, 1860. 
 True Civilization an Immediate Necessity, 
 and the Last Ground of Hope for Man- 
 kind . . . , Boston, 1863. 
 
 WARREN, MANLY (1829-June 9, 1864), 
 was born in Marietta, Washington County. 
 He served for a time as county recorder. The 
 book below contains some poems by Harriet 
 E. Warren. 
 Rhymes Written at Random, Marietta, 1852. 
 
 WARWICK, FRANK M. (Jack) (Jan. 15, 
 1861-Jan. 12, 1947), journalist, was born on 
 a farm near Caledonia, Marion County. In 
 1884 he and Warren G. Harding founded the 
 Marion Star; although Warwick sold his 
 share of the business, he remained as editor 
 until 1904, when he joined the Toledo Blade. 
 He wrote editorials and a column of para- 
 graphs for the Blade for many years. His 
 autobiographical volume, bearing the same 
 title as his column, is partly made up of 
 material previously printed in the Blade and 
 partly of fresh material: All in a Lifetime, 
 [Toledo], 1938. 
 
 WASHBURNE, HARRY RICHARD (July 
 24, 1911- ), journalist, was born in Middle- 
 port, Meigs County. A graduate of Ohio 
 State University, he has worked for the In- 
 ternational News Service, Washington, D. C, 
 and for the Los Angeles Herald & Express, 
 and other newspapers. He now lives in Los 
 Angeles. He has published a book of verse: 
 Hooray For a Roue, Boston, [1942]. 
 
 WASHBURNE, HELUIZ CHANDLER (Mrs. 
 Carleton W.) (Jan. 25, 1892- ), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. She 
 worked as a commercial artist and as a fash- 
 ion adviser and wrote a travel column in 
 the Chicago Daily News, 1943-44. She pub- 
 lished a travel book in the form of letters: 
 Letters to Channy . . . , Chicago, [1932], 
 and a number of books for children, e.g., 
 
 Little Elephant Catches Cold, Chicago, 1937. 
 WW 30 
 
 WASON, ROBERT ALEXANDER (April 6, 
 
 1874-May 11, 1955), was born in Toledo, 
 Lucas County, but grew up in Indiana. He 
 was a clerk in a general store; "roughed it" 
 in the West, according to his own account; 
 and served in the artillery for nine months 
 during the Spanish-American War. He lived 
 in Mountain Lakes, N. J. He wrote a num- 
 ber of short stories, vaudeville sketches, and 
 novels, e.g., And Then Came Jean . . . , Bos- 
 ton, [1913]. WWW 3 
 
 WATERMAN, LUTHER DANA (Nov. 21, 
 1830-June 30, 1918), physician, born in 
 Wheeling in western Virginia, lived in Ohio 
 from 1832 to 1855. He attended Miami Uni- 
 versity, taught school, and studied medicine 
 at the Medical College, Cincinnati. In 1855 
 he moved to Indiana, where he passed the 
 remainder of his life. He was one of the 
 founders of Indiana Medical College, taught 
 there for many years, and was widely rec- 
 ognized as a leader in his profession. The 
 volume of poetry listed below was repub- 
 lished in 1922. 
 
 Phantoms of Life 
 
 , New York, 1883. 
 
 WATERS, WILSON (Oct. 11, 1855-June 13, 
 1933), clergyman, was born in Marietta, 
 Washington County. After graduating from 
 Marietta College in 1876, he engaged in busi- 
 ness in Marietta for ten years, studied for 
 the ministry, and was ordained in the Prot- 
 estant Episcopal Church in 1891. He served 
 churches in Massachusetts, was librarian of 
 the Lowell Historical Society, and was active 
 in other libraries and associations devoted to 
 local history. Besides the titles below, he pub- 
 lished a family history. 
 
 The History of Saint Luke's Church, Mari- 
 etta . . . , Marietta, i884. 
 Paragraphs, Portraits and Pictures Supple- 
 mentary to the History of Saint Luke's 
 Church . . . , [Marietta?], 1911. 
 History of Chelmsford, Massachusetts, Low- 
 ell, 1917. 
 
 WATSON, AMELIA B. (Nov. 25, 1858-June 
 13, 1946), was born in Fairfield County, but 
 spent most of her life in Delaware County. 
 She graduated from Ohio Wesleyan Univer- 
 sity and studied at LaSalle Music Conserva- 
 tory, Boston. Her poems appeared in various 
 periodicals, and she published a collection: 
 Sonnets, [Columbus, 1934]. 
 
 WATSON, DAVID KEMPER (June 18, 
 1849-Sept. 28, 1918), lawyer, was born near 
 London, Madison County. He graduated 
 
671 
 
 Weaver, J. 
 
 from Dickinson College in 1871 and Boston 
 University Law School in 1871. From 1876 
 until his death he practiced in Columbus, 
 and he died in that city. Besides the titles 
 below, he published several legal books and 
 a number of speeches. 
 History of American Coinage, New York, 
 
 1899. 
 The Constitution of the United States . . . , 
 
 2 vols., Chicago, 1910. 
 
 WATSON, EMILE E. (Feb. 7. 1885-Feb. 1. 
 1958), was born in Saline County, Mo., of 
 Ohio-born parents. He graduated from Wil- 
 liam Jewell College. Mo., in 1908 and after- 
 ward came to Columbus to assist in estab- 
 lishing the workmen's compensation system. 
 In 1920 he became an independent consult- 
 ing actuary in Columbus. Besides discussions 
 of workmen's compensation, he published 
 several pamphlets opposing communism, 
 e.g., Is Civilization Gaining or Losing 
 Ground?, [Columbus?, 1948?]. 
 
 WATSON, MARY DEVEREAUX (d. Feb. 
 19, 1914), born in Marblehead, Mass., spent 
 much of her early life in Cleveland, where 
 her father. General John H. Devereaux, was 
 president of several railroads. She later lived 
 in Englewood, N. J. 
 Betty Peach, [n.p., 1896]. 
 From Kingdom to Colony, [n.p., 1899]. 
 Up and Down the Sands of Gold, [n.p., 
 
 1901]. 
 Lafitte of Louisiana, [n.p., 1902]. 
 
 WATSON, SAMUEL NEWELL (Feb. 27, 
 1861-March 27, 1942), clergyman, born in 
 Lyons, Iowa, was rector of Episcopal 
 churches in Chillicothe, 1897-1903, and Ak- 
 ron, 1903-12. He was rector of the Ameri- 
 can Church in Paris, France, 1912-18. He 
 wrote Those Paris Years . . . , New York, 
 [1936]. WWW 2 
 
 WATTS, MARY STANRERY (Nov. 4, 
 1868-May 21, 1958), was born on a farm in 
 Delaware County. She attended Sacred Heart 
 Convent, Cincinnati, 1881-84, and in 1891 
 married Miles Taylor Watts of Cincinnati. 
 She lived in that city for the remainder of 
 her life. She published short stories in var- 
 ious magazines and wrote some plays, e.g., 
 Three Short Plays, New York, 1917, but she 
 is remembered chiefly for the fourteen his- 
 torical novels that she published between 
 1908 and 1924; the most successful of these 
 was Nathan Burke, New York, 1910. It deals 
 with the Scioto River country at the time of 
 the Mexican War and is told with such verisi- 
 militude that many readers accepted its story 
 as literal truth. TCA 
 
 WAUGH, ALICE GRACE (Jan. 28, 1880- 
 ), was born in Fairfield County. After 
 teaching in Ohio for seven years, she went 
 to North Dakota, where she taught a one- 
 room school and lived on a homestead claim. 
 She now lives with a daughter in Peekskill, 
 N. Y. She has published a volume of poems: 
 Travelogues and Tales, Columbus, 1947. 
 
 WAY, WILLARD V. (Aug. 8, 1807-Aug. 25, 
 1875), lawyer, born in Otsego, N. Y., settled 
 in Perrysburg, Lucas County, in 1834. In his 
 will, he left money to build the Way Library 
 in Perrysburg and set up a fund which is 
 still being used to purchase books. His only 
 publication was a discussion of the Ohio- 
 Michigan boundary dispute. 
 The Facts and Historical Events of the To- 
 ledo War of 1835 ... , Toledo, 1869. 
 
 WAYT, HUGH (1877-Nov. 30, 1955), clergy- 
 man, was born in Glen Easton, W. Va. A 
 graduate of Bethany College, he was or- 
 dained to the ministry in the Disciples of 
 Christ Church. He served churches in North 
 Fairfield, Barnesville, Zanesville, Mount Ver- 
 non, and other Ohio towns. He lived in 
 Mount Vernon for many years before his 
 death, which occurred at Moundsville, Va. 
 His writings include The True Source of a 
 Happy Life, [St. Louis, Mo., 1909]. 
 
 WEAVER, JAMES RAIRD (June 12, 1833- 
 Feb. 6, 1912), lawyer and political leader, 
 was born in Dayton, Montgomery County, 
 but was an Ohioan only by birth. In 1835 his 
 father moved to Cassopolis, Mich., and in 
 1843 to Iowa. James studied law in Cincin- 
 nati in 1855 and returned to Bloomfield, 
 Iowa, to practice. He was active in the Re- 
 publican Party, served in the Civil War, and 
 spent eight years in Congress. He broke with 
 his party on the currency question and was 
 active in the Farmers' Alliance and in its 
 successor, the People's Party. He was a can- 
 didate for the Presidency in 1892; the first 
 title below was written as a campaign docu- 
 ment. 
 
 A Call to Action .... Des Moines, 1892. 
 Past and Present of Jasper County, Iowa, 2 
 vols., Indianapolis, 1912. 
 
 WEAVER, JONATHAN (Feb. 23, 1824-Feb. 
 6. 1901), clergyman, was born in Carroll 
 County. He grew up on a farm and was 
 largely self-educated. After being ordained 
 to the ministry of the United Brethren 
 Church in 1847, he preached on the Ohio 
 circuit and for eight years was an agent of 
 Otterbein College. He was elected bishop in 
 1865 and was re-elected seven times. 
 Divine Providence . . . , Dayton, 1873. 
 
Webb, B. 
 
 672 
 
 The Doctrine of Universal Restoration . . . , 
 
 Dayton, 1878. 
 Heaven; Or, That Better Country, Dayton, 
 
 1899. 
 Christian Theology . . . , Dayton, 1900. 
 
 WEBB, BARBABA (Aug. 11, 1898- ), 
 born in Los Angeles of Ohio-born parents, 
 lived in Ohio for about thirty years. She 
 attended Dayton public schools and later 
 studied at Florida State College for Women, 
 Madison College, and the University of 
 Florida. She worked as a reporter on the 
 Lorain Times-Herald and the Cleveland 
 Plain Dealer. Her marriage to Monte Bour- 
 jaily, a newspaperman, ended in divorce in 
 1934; she later married Schuyler Larkin, 
 from whom she was divorced in 1946. She 
 is the mother of Vance Bourjaily (q.v.). She 
 has published short stories and articles, a 
 cookbook, and nine light novels, several of 
 which were first published as newspaper 
 serials. She has also published a book of chil- 
 dren's stories: Mother Goose Secrets . . . , 
 Boston, [1925]. 
 
 WEBB, TESSA SWEAZY (Jan. 31, 1886- 
 ), was born near Logan, Hocking 
 County. She graduated from Columbus Busi- 
 ness College in 1912 and was on the staff of 
 the Agricultural Extension, Ohio State Uni- 
 versity, 1918-54. She has been active in sev- 
 eral poetry societies, edited a poetry column 
 in the Columbus Dispatch, and originated 
 the annual Ohio Poetry Day. She now lives 
 in Columbus. Her poems have appeared in 
 various periodicals, and she has published 
 several collections, e.g., Window by the Sea, 
 Columbus, [1942]. WW 30 
 
 WEBBER, AMOS RICHARD (Jan. 21, 1852- 
 Feb. 25, 1948), lawyer and judge, was born 
 in Hinckley, Medina County. He graduated 
 from Baldwin University in 1876 and was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in the same year. He prac- 
 ticed in Elyria, served in the U. S. House 
 of Representatives, 1903-07, and was judge 
 of common pleas court, 1932-44. His writ- 
 ings include a history of Elyria and a bio- 
 graphy of the founder of Baldwin University: 
 Life of John Baldwin, Sr. . . . , [Cincinnati?, 
 1925]. WWW 2 
 
 WEBSTER, EDNA ROBB (June 29. 1896- 
 ), born in Marshalltown, Iowa, lived in 
 Cleveland for 23 years. She has made ex- 
 peditions to the Yucatan and has lectured on 
 Mayan civilization. She has written feature 
 stories for several newspaper syndicates and 
 has also written novels, e.g., Loretta, a Love 
 Story, New York, [1932]. Her daughter, 
 Marjorie Ellen Webster (Aug. 23, 1919- ), 
 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, 
 studied at Cleveland School of Art, and in 
 1946 was operating a commercial art studio 
 in Hollywood, Calif. Mother and daughter 
 collaborated on a volume of verse: Double 
 Reflections, New York, [1947]. 
 
 WEBSTER, MARJORIE ELLEN. See Edna 
 R. Webster. 
 
 WEDEL, LOIS (July 19, 1906- ), was 
 born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. Fol- 
 lowing her graduation from Western Reserve 
 University in 1928, she worked for an ad- 
 vertising agency. After becoming interested 
 in writing and illustrating juvenile literature, 
 she studed art. She has published a collec- 
 tion of stories about life in early Cleveland: 
 Pioneer Tales of a Great City, Columbus, 
 [1944], 
 
 WEED, CLARENCE MOORES (Oct. 5, 
 
 1864-July 20, 1947), naturalist and educa- 
 tor, was born in Toledo, Lucas County. He 
 graduated from Michigan Agricultural Col- 
 lege in 1883. After serving as entomologist 
 and botanist at the Ohio Experiment Station, 
 1888-91, he was on the faculty of New 
 Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mech- 
 anic Arts, 1891-1904. In 1904 he joined the 
 faculty of the State Teachers College, Low- 
 ell, Mass., where he served as president, 
 1932-35. He died in Lowell. Besides the ti- 
 tles below, he published textbooks and ar- 
 ticles. 
 Insects and Insecticides . . . , Hanover, N. H., 
 
 1891. 
 Fungi and Fungicides . . . , New York, 
 
 1894. 
 Ten New England Blossoms and Their In- 
 sect Visitors, New York, 1895. 
 Life Histories of American Insects, New 
 
 York, 1897. 
 Stories of Insect Life, Boston, 1897. 
 Seed Travellers . . . , Boston, 1898. 
 Nature Biographies . . . , New York, 1901. 
 Birds in Their Relations to Man . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1903. 
 The Flower Beautiful, Boston, 1903. 
 Our Trees, How to Know Them . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1908. 
 Wild Flower Families . . . , Philadelphia, 
 
 1908. 
 Seeing Nature First, Philadelphia, 1913. 
 Butterflies Worth Knowing, New York, 1917. 
 Insect Ways, New York, 1930. 
 
 WEEKS, FRANK EDCAR (Jan. 20, 1857- 
 Feb. 27, 1946), physician, was born in Hen- 
 rietta Township, Lorain County. After at- 
 tending Oberlin College, he graduated from 
 the medical department of Western Reserve 
 
673 
 
 Weisenberger 
 
 University in 1883. He practiced for brief 
 periods in Kipton and Vermilion and after 
 1886 practiced in Clarksfield. He published 
 several genealogical works, a history of the 
 Clarksfield schools, and Pioneer History of 
 Clarksfield, Clarksfield, [1908]. 
 
 WEEKS, JOSEPH DAME (Dec. 3, 1840- 
 Dec. 26, 1896), journalist, born in Lowell, 
 Mass., lived for about a year in Cincinnati. 
 While in Cincinnati he published History of 
 the Knights of P\thias . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1871. 
 
 WEEKS, OLIVER DOUGLAS (Sept. 4, 
 1896- ), educator, was born in Marion, 
 Marion County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1918 and the Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin (Ph.D.) in 1924. He has 
 been a member of the department of gov- 
 ernment, University of Texas, since 1924. 
 He has written numerous professional articles 
 and several books on political questions, 
 e.g., Two Legislative Houses or One, Dallas, 
 1938. WWAE 19 
 
 WEETHEE, JONATHAN PERKINS (1812- 
 ? ), educator, was born in Dover Township, 
 Athens County, where his parents had set- 
 tled in 1798. After graduating from Ohio 
 University in 1833, he studied medicine, was 
 a Presbyterian minister in New England and 
 Canada, and founded an academy at Ames- 
 ville. In 1861 he organized Weethee College 
 at Mt. Auburn near Millfield. His writings 
 on mineral and clay deposits encouraged the 
 development of the lower Hocking Valley. 
 The Coming Age, Its Nature and Proximity, 
 
 Chicago, 1884. 
 The Eastern Question in Its Various Phases 
 
 . . . , Columbus, 1887. 
 Sunday Creek Valley. Its Mineral Resources 
 
 and Prospective Wealth, Athens, 1892. 
 
 WEIDENTHAL, LEO (April 23, 1878- ), 
 journalist, was born in Cleveland. Cuyahoga 
 County, and has spent his entire life in that 
 city. After working on the Leader and the 
 World, he was City Hall reporter for the 
 Plain Dealer for ten years. In 1917 he be- 
 came editor of The Jewish Independent. He 
 was active in the establishment of the Shake- 
 spearean Garden in 1916 and for several 
 years has been president of the Cleveland 
 Cultural Garden Federation. He wrote the 
 story of the Shakespearean Garden: From 
 Dis's Waggon . . . , Cleveland, 1926. 
 
 WEINLAND, JOSEPH E. (June 23, 1871- 
 Dec, 1936), clergyman, was born in Bethle- 
 hem, Pa. He served as pastor of Moravian 
 churches in Gnadenhutton and Dover. Tus- 
 
 carawas County. He was interested in local 
 history, served as president of the county 
 historical society, and wrote The Romantic 
 Story of Schoenbrunn . . . , Dover, 1928. 
 
 WEIR, HUGH COSGRO (May 18, 1884- 
 March 16, 1934), was born in Virginia, 111. 
 He became a reporter on the Springfield Sun 
 at the age of sixteen and later worked on the 
 Dayton Herald, Ohio State Journal, and other 
 papers. He was a free-lance magazine writer, 
 1908-16, and he also wrote more than 300 
 motion-picture scenarios. He opened an ad- 
 vertising agency in 1928 and at the time of 
 his death was editorial director of Tower 
 Magazines, Inc. He wrote several books, in- 
 cluding a number in the Great American In- 
 dustries series, e.g., The Young Telephone 
 Inventor . . . , Boston, [1917]. WW 17 
 
 WEIR, LEBERT HOWARD (Sept. 20, 1878- 
 Nov. 13, 1949), was born near Scottsburg, 
 Ind., and spent most of his life in that state. 
 He lived in Cincinnati, 1904-10, while serv- 
 ing with Associated Charities and as proba- 
 tion officer of juvenile court. When he died 
 in Indianapolis, he was a representative of 
 National Recreation Association. He pub- 
 lished a number of studies of recreation, e.g., 
 Europe at Play . . . , New York, 1937. 
 IATB 
 
 WEIR, WILLIAM FIGLEY (Dec. 28, 1861- 
 
 March 2, 1949), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Augusta, Carroll County. He 
 graduated from Washington and Jefferson 
 College in 1886 and Western Theological 
 Seminary, Pittsburgh, in 1889. After being 
 ordained to the Presbyterian ministry, he 
 served Ohio churches in Mingo Junction, 
 Toronto, Cambridge, Ashtabula, and Woos- 
 ter. He was on the staff of the Board of 
 Christian Education, 1916-31, and taught 
 at Presbyterian College of Christian Educa- 
 tion, Chicago, 1931-42. He published sev- 
 eral books on religious themes, e.g.. Giv- 
 ing the Men a Chance, Chicago [1931]. 
 WWW 3 
 
 WEISENBERGER, FRANCIS PHELPS 
 
 (Oct. 31, 1900- ), educator, was born in 
 Defiance, Defiance County. After attending 
 Defiance College, he graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan (A.B., 1922; Ph.D., 
 1929). He has been a member of the Ohio 
 State University faculty since 1924. He has 
 written professional articles, a history of 
 Ohio with E. H. Roseboom. biographical 
 studies, and The Passing of the Frontier in 
 the five-volume History of the State of 
 Ohio, edited by Carl Wittke, Columbus, 
 1941. DAS 3 
 
Weisman 
 
 674 
 
 WEISMAN, RUSSELL (Feb. 7, 1890-Nov. 
 8, 1949), educator, was born near Van Wert, 
 Van Wert County. He graduated from Adel- 
 bert College, Western Reserve University, in 
 1912. From 1919 until his death he was on 
 the Western Reserve faculty in the depart- 
 ment of economics and also was an edi- 
 torial writer for the Cleveland Plain Dealer. 
 He published Key to Recovery, Cleveland, 
 [1938]. WWW 2 
 
 WEISS, LEAH (1877-Aug. 11. 1952), was 
 born in Russia. Her husband. Alexander 
 Weiss, was a rabbi in Cincinnati and other 
 cities. Mrs. Weiss began a relief kitchen and 
 food distribution center in Cincinnati in 1929 
 and operated it until three weeks before her 
 death. She published a novel: / Object, Cin- 
 cinnati, [1923]. 
 
 WEIST, CARL SIRENO (Feb. 16, 1886- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Basil, Fair- 
 field County. He graduated from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1911 and Andover Semi- 
 nary in 1915. He was associate minister of 
 the Congregational church, Gloucester, 
 Mass., 1911-15, served with the Y.M.C.A. in 
 Russia and as a chaplain with the A.E.F. in 
 France, 1915-18, was minister of the Com- 
 munity Church, Mount Vernon. N. Y., 1919- 
 53, and served Congregational churches in 
 Lovell, Maine, 1953-57. Since retiring from 
 the ministry, he has lived in Ridgeville, Conn. 
 Besides several volumes of sermons, he has 
 published poems in magazines and newspa- 
 pers and a collection of poetry: Wisteria, a 
 Cluster of Clambering Halforisms, [New 
 York, 1921]. 
 
 WELCH, ANTHONY CUMMINGS (April 
 
 26, 1859-July 25, 1930), clergyman, was 
 born in Harrison County. He graduated from 
 Scio College in 1879 and was ordained to the 
 Methodist ministry in 1881. He served Ohio 
 churches in Youngstown and Niles before 
 moving to the West. He wrote Character 
 Photography . . . , New York, [1902]. WW 4 
 
 WELCH, HERBERT (Nov. 7, 1862- ), 
 clergyman and educator, was born in New 
 York City. Ordained to the Methodist min- 
 istry in 1890, he served a number of churches 
 before coming to Ohio as president of Ohio 
 Wesley an University, 1905-16. As a bishop, 
 1916-36, he served in the Orient. He now 
 lives in New York City. He has published 
 a book of biographical sketches of mission- 
 aries: Men of the Outposts . . . , New York, 
 [1937]. WW 26 
 
 WELCH, JOHN (Oct. 28, 1805-Aug 5, 1891), 
 lawyer and judge, was born near Cadiz, Har- 
 
 rison County. After graduating from Frank- 
 lin College in 1828, he operated a sawmill 
 and gristmill at Rome until 1833. During this 
 period he read law and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1833. He practiced in Athens, served 
 as prosecuting attorney, was a member of 
 the state senate and of the 32nd Congress. 
 He was judge of common pleas court, 1862— 
 65, and of the state supreme court, 1865- 
 78. In 1878 he resumed the practice of law 
 in Athens. He had a mathematical turn of 
 mind, and this interest is reflected in his only 
 book. He died in Athens. 
 Mathematical Curiosities . . . , [Athens], 
 1883. 
 
 WELCH, L. B. (1822-April 18, 1890), phy- 
 sician, was born in Clinton County. In 1849 
 he settled in Wilmington, where he practiced 
 until his death. He collected geological and 
 archaeological specimens as an avocation. 
 With Jonathan M. Richardson (July 19, 
 1826-June 5, 1905), born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County, a lumber dealer, who opened 
 56 Indian mounds at his own expense, Welch 
 collaborated in writing the pamphlet below 
 concerning a mound near Wilmington. 
 An Illustrated Description of P re-historic 
 
 Relics Found Near Wilmington, Ohio, 
 
 Wilmington, 1879. 
 
 WELD, THEODORE DWIGHT (Nov. 23, 
 1803-Feb. 3, 1895), abolitionist, born in 
 Hampton, Conn., entered Lane Seminary in 
 1833 but withdrew when the trustees sup- 
 pressed the antislavery society he had organ- 
 ized. He led his rebels to Oberlin, where their 
 enrollment necessitated the establishment of 
 a theological department. Persuasive and 
 zealous, Weld is credited with converting 
 many prominent figures to abolitionism: Har- 
 riet and Henry Ward Beecher, Gamaliel Bai- 
 ley, Arthur and Lewis Tappan, Charles B. 
 Storrs, Beriah Green, and many others. All 
 of his writings were published anonymously. 
 One of the most influential was The Bible 
 against Slavery, New York, 1837. 
 
 WELKER, MARTIN (April 25, 1819-March 
 15, 1902), lawyer, judge, and educator, was 
 born in Knox County. After his admission to 
 the bar in 1840, he practiced at Millersburg. 
 He served as judge of the sixth judicial dis- 
 trict, 1852-57, was lieutenant-governor, 
 1857-58, and served in the 188th O.V.I, from 
 Feb. to Sept., 1865. He also served in the 
 U. S. House of Representatives, 1865-71, 
 and as U. S. judge for the northern district, 
 1873-89. During his service as a judge, he 
 taught political science and international law 
 at University of Wooster. His unpretentious 
 little book is an excellent account of the life 
 
675 
 
 Welsheimer, H. L. 
 
 and customs on Ohio farms in the 1830s. He 
 died in Wooster. 
 
 Farm Life in Central Ohio Sixty Years Ago, 
 Wooster, 1892. 
 
 WELLMAN, WALTER (Nov. 3. 1858-Jan. 
 31, 1934), journalist and explorer, was born 
 in Mentor, Lake County, but attended school 
 in Michigan. When he was 21, he founded 
 the evening Cincinnati Post; he was corre- 
 spondent of the Chicago Herald, 1884-1911. 
 A daring explorer, he made two attempts 
 to reach the North Pole by air, and in 1910 
 he attempted to cross the Atlantic by airship. 
 Most of his writings deal with his personal 
 experiences, e.g., an account of his attempt 
 to cross the Atlantic: The Aerial Age . . . , 
 New York, 1911. DAB 19 
 
 WELLS, AMOS RUSSELL (Dec. 23, 1862- 
 March 6, 1933). born in Glens Falls, N. Y., 
 graduated from Antioch College in 1883, and 
 taught Greek and geology there, 1883-91. 
 In 1891 he became editor of the Christian 
 Endeavor World, published in Boston. A pro- 
 lific writer, he published more than eighty 
 books, most of them on religious topics, e.g., 
 Golden Rule Meditations, Boston, 1893. 
 
 WELLS, A. WADE (March 7, 1883-Feb. 16, 
 1958), was born in Caldwell, Noble County. 
 He grew up on a farm near Caldwell, at- 
 tended Olive School, and graduated from 
 Caldwell High School. He served in the U. S. 
 Department of Justice, was general manager 
 of Bradford's Detective Service in Washing- 
 ton. D. C, was superintendent of the Ma- 
 sonic Children's Home, Richmond, Va., and 
 at the time of his death conducted a real- 
 estate business in Newark, Licking County. 
 Besides poems and historical articles pub- 
 lished in newspapers, he wrote Hail to the 
 Jeep, New York, [1946]. 
 
 WELLS, BERTRAM WHITTIER (March 5, 
 1884- ), educator, was born in Troy, 
 Miami County. He graduated from Ohio 
 State University in 1911 and the University 
 of Chicago (Ph.D.) in 1917. He was a mem- 
 ber of the University of North Carolina bot- 
 any faculty, 1919-54. Besides many pro- 
 fessional articles and monographs, he has 
 published The Natural Gardens of North 
 Carolina . . . , Chapel Hill, [N. C], 1932. 
 AMS 9 
 
 WELLS, EDMUND (Feb. 14, 1846-July 7, 
 1938), was born in Lancaster, Fairfield 
 County. At the age of sixteen he arrived in 
 the Pike's Peak gold fields, where he spent 
 two years. He later settled in Arizona. He 
 died in San Diego, Calif., and is buried in 
 
 Prescott, Ariz. Prospector, Indian fighter, 
 packer, trapper, businessman, and judge of 
 the superior court of Yavapai County, he 
 was an integral part of his adopted state. His 
 experiences are recounted in Argonaut Tales, 
 Stories of the Gold Seekers and the Indian 
 Scouts of Early Arizona, New York. [1927]. 
 
 WELLS, SARAH FURNAS (Dec. 10, 1834- 
 Aug. 20, 1912), was born in Newton Town- 
 ship. Miami County. She graduated from the 
 Quaker Academy in 1856, attended Earlham 
 College and Oberlin College, and studied 
 medicine in Philadelphia. In 1873 while liv- 
 ing in San Francisco she married Rufus 
 Wells, a balloonist, with whom she traveled 
 throughout the world. Her book is a record 
 of their experiences. After her husband was 
 injured in a balloon ascension, she practiced 
 medicine in St. Louis, Mo., where she spent 
 the remainder of her life. 
 Ten Years' Travel around the World . . . , 
 West Milton, 1885. 
 
 WELSH, ALFRED HIX (Sept. 7, 1850- 
 1889), educator, was born in Fostoria, Se- 
 neca County. After graduating from Bald- 
 win University in 1872, he taught for three 
 years at Buchtel College. He taught rhetoric 
 at Columbus High School, 1876-85, and 
 then joined the English faculty of Ohio State 
 University. He was widely known for his 
 series of textbooks on rhetoric, grammar, 
 and mathematics. He died in Columbus. 
 The Conflict of Ages, Columbus, 1877. 
 The Development of English Literature and 
 
 Language, 2 vols., Chicago, 1882. 
 Man and His Relations, Cincinnati, 1885. 
 
 WELSH, ISAAC (April 9. 1814-Nov. 29, 
 1875), was born in Washington Township, 
 Belmont County. He was a farmer and an 
 antislavery Whig who became prominent in 
 the political affairs of his day. He served in 
 the Ohio General Assembly and in the state 
 senate. The so-called Welsh Resolutions of 
 1863, expressing the sentiment of the Ohio 
 General Assembly on the war and pledging 
 the support of the state to the Union and 
 protesting against the sentiment of sympathy 
 with secession, virtually became the keynote 
 of the anti-Vallandigham campaign. He 
 served as treasurer of Ohio from 1871 until 
 his death. 
 
 Agricultural Survey of Belmont County, [St. 
 Clairsville, 1869]. 
 
 WELSHIMER, HELEN LOUISE (Feb. 17, 
 1901-Dec. 23, 1954), journalist, was born in 
 Millersburg, Holmes County, the daughter 
 of Pearl H. Welshimer (q.v. ). She graduated 
 from Hiram College in 1923. She worked as 
 
Welshimer, P. H. 
 
 676 
 
 a reporter and feature writer on the Canton 
 Daily News and the Akron Beacon-Journal. 
 From 1929 to 1937 she wrote feature stories 
 and serial novels for Newspaper Enterprise 
 Association, and she also wrote for King 
 Features. Among her books are a collec- 
 tion of poems: Singing Drums, New York, 
 1937, and a novel: Love without Music, 
 New York, 1940. WWW 3 
 
 WELSHIMER, PEARL HOWARD (April 6, 
 
 1873-Aug. 16, 1957), clergyman, was born 
 in York, Union County. He graduated from 
 Ohio Northern University in 1894 and 
 Hiram College in 1897. Ordained to the 
 ministry of the Disciples of Christ Church, 
 he served a church in Millersburg, 1897— 
 1901, and First Christian Church, Canton, 
 1902-57. He published a volume of ser- 
 mons, religious articles and tracts, and 
 Concerning the Disciples . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1935. WWW 3 
 
 WELTMER, SIDNEY ARRAM (July 7, 1858- 
 Dec. 5, 1930), born in Wooster, Wayne 
 County, was taken when he was seven years 
 old to Missouri, where he spent the rest of 
 his life. After preaching and teaching 
 school, he founded Akinsville Normal 
 School and served as its first president, 
 1885-89. He later founded the Weltmer 
 Institute of Suggestive Therapeutics and ex- 
 perimented with hypnotism and autosugges- 
 tion. From 1901 to 1909 he published a 
 magazine, Weltmer s Magazine of Sugges- 
 tive Therapeutics. Some of his pamphlets 
 might be classified as textbooks. 
 Regeneration; A Discussion of the Sex 
 
 Question . . . , Nevada, Mo., 1898. 
 Suggestion Simplified, [Nevada, Mo., 1900]. 
 The Real Man, Nevada, Mo., 1901. 
 Telepathy and Thought Transference, [Ne- 
 vada, Mo.?, 1902]. 
 Day Dreams, Nevada, Mo., 1916. 
 The Healing Hand . . . , Nevada, Mo., 
 1918. 
 
 WELTY, CORA GOTTSCHALK (July 31, 
 1876-July 2, 1951), was born in Berne, 
 Ind. After graduating from Indiana State 
 Teachers College, Terre Haute, she taught 
 school for a time and then married B. F. 
 Welty, a Lima attorney. She lived after- 
 ward in Lima. She wrote a work of fiction 
 about the Amish: The Masquerading of 
 Margaret, Boston, 1908. 
 
 WELTY, EDWIN ARTHUR (Dec. 5, 1853- 
 Sept. 18, 1928), was born in Canal Dover, 
 Tuscarawas County, but grew up in Mis- 
 souri and spent most of his life there. At 
 the age of eighteen he spent some time in 
 
 the Rocky Mountains and was present dur- 
 ing the attack on Major Thornburg's com- 
 mand. He settled in Oregon, Mo.; his death 
 occurred in St. Joseph. He published poems 
 in numerous periodicals. 
 Ballads of the Bivouac and the Border, 
 Buffalo, [N. Y.], 1896. 
 
 WELTY, J. JEROME (1860-1934), lawyer, 
 was born in Williamstown, Hancock 
 County. He was educated at Ohio Normal 
 University and Northwestern University. 
 He was president of Florida State Normal 
 College, 1896-97, a lawyer in Springfield, 
 1898-1918, and an attorney in the U. S. 
 General Land Office, Washington, D. C, 
 1918-33. The collection of poems listed 
 below was his only book. 
 Sunshine and Frost, Columbus, 1894. 
 
 WEMBRIDGE, ELEANOR HARRIS ROW- 
 LAND (1882-Feb. 19, 1944), born in Massa- 
 chusetts, was referee of the girls' division 
 of Cleveland Juvenile Court for a number 
 of years. A graduate of Radcliffe College 
 (A.B., 1903; A.M., 1904; Ph.D., 1905), she 
 also taught psychology at Mount Holyoke 
 College and Reed College. She wrote The 
 Right to Believe, Boston, 1909. RC 27 
 
 WENDTE, CHARLES WILLIAM (June 11, 
 1844-Sept. 9, 1931), clergyman, born in 
 Boston, Mass., was pastor of First Unitar- 
 ian Church, Cincinnati, 1876-82. He after- 
 ward served churches in California and 
 New England, and was recognized as a 
 world leader among liberal religious groups. 
 His numerous books include What Do Uni- 
 tarians Believe? . . . , Cincinnati, 1877, and 
 an autobiography: The Wider Fellowship 
 . . . , Boston, 1927. 
 
 WERNER, HERMAN (Nov. 1, 1856-1944), 
 was born in Wiirttemberg, Germany, and 
 served three years with the Royal Prussian 
 Cavalry before coming to Akron in 1880. 
 He enlisted in the U. S. Cavalry in that 
 year and served until 1899. He saw service 
 in all parts of the West and in the Spanish- 
 American War. In 1899 he joined his 
 brother Paul in The Werner Company, 
 Akron, one of the largest book publishing 
 companies in the country. An account of 
 some of his Western adventures was pub- 
 lished for members of the family in an 
 edition of 100 copies: On the Western 
 Frontier with the United States Cavalry 
 Fifty Years Ago, [Akron, 1934]. 
 
 WERTHNER, ELIZABETH HIPPARD. See 
 
 William B. Werthner. 
 
677 
 
 Westwood 
 
 WERTHNER, WILLIAM B. (Jan. 27, 1855- 
 Feb. 27, 1929), educator, was born in Day- 
 ton, Montgomery County. From 1874 until 
 his retirement in 1925, he taught botany 
 in Dayton high schools. He was also active 
 in encouraging the planting of trees along 
 Dayton streets. After his death his wife, 
 Evangeline Hippard Werthner, a poet, com- 
 pleted the writing of his book: Some Amer- 
 ican Trees, New York, 1935. 
 
 WESELOH, HEINRICH (Nov. 1, 1852-Aug. 
 30, 1925), clergyman, was born in Oster- 
 wesede, Germany. After coming to the 
 United States as a young man, he graduated 
 from Concordia College in 1873 and 
 Lutheran Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., in 
 1876. Soon after his ordination he came to 
 Cleveland, where he was for many years 
 pastor of Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church. He died in Cleveland. He wrote 
 many articles in German and in English 
 for periodicals. 
 Das Buck des Herm und Seine Feinde, St. 
 
 Louis, Mo., 1898. 
 Gottes Wort Eine Gotteskraft . . . , St. 
 
 Louis, Mo., 1903. 
 Die Herrlichkeit Gottes in der Natur, St. 
 
 Louis, Mo., 1906. 
 
 WESLEY, CHARLES HARRIS (Dec. 2, 
 1891- ), educator, was born in Louis- 
 ville, Ky. He graduated from Fisk Univer- 
 sity and took his doctorate at Harvard 
 University. He has been president of Cen- 
 tral State College since 1942. He has writ- 
 ten a number of articles and books on the 
 Negro in America, e.g., The History of 
 Alpha Phi Alpha; A Development in Negro 
 College Life, Washington, D. C, 1929. 
 WW 30 
 
 WEST, DOROTHY. Pseud. See Mildred W. 
 Benson. 
 
 WEST, JOHN DOUGLAS (Jan. 12, 1824- 
 March 13, 1914), physician, was born in 
 Akron, Summit County. In 1828 his father 
 moved to a farm in Carroll County. John 
 entered Franklin College in 1849, but was 
 forced to abandon his studies two years 
 later when his father died. While serving 
 as principal of Neville Institute, he studied 
 medicine with Dr. Benjamin Ogden of East 
 Liverpool. In 1863 he began to practice in 
 Dellroy, and in 1866 he moved to Hope- 
 dale, where he practiced and spent the re- 
 mainder of his life. 
 
 Maidenhood and Motherhood. Ten Phases 
 of a Woman's Life, Chicago, 1886. 
 
 WESTERFIELD, RAY BERT (Feb. 6. 1884- 
 ), educator, was born in Bradnor, 
 
 Wood County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Northern University in 1907 and Yale Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1913. After serving as a 
 high school principal in Bradnor and Paul- 
 ding, 1905-10, he was a member of the 
 Yale faculty, 1913-52. He published nu- 
 merous textbooks, technical studies of eco- 
 nomics, and Our Silver Debacle, New York, 
 [1936]. WW 30 
 
 WESTERVELT, WILLIAM DRAKE (Dec. 
 26, 1849-March 9, 1939), clergyman, was 
 born in Oberlin, Lorain County. After 
 graduating from Oberlin College and Semi- 
 nary (1871, 1874), he was ordained to the 
 ministry of the Congregational Church. A 
 missionary in Hawaii for many years, he 
 wrote several books on the Hawaiian Is- 
 lands, e.g., Hawaiian Historical Legends, 
 New York, [1923]. WWNAA 3 
 
 WESTON, ASA MINOR (Sept. 24, 1836- 
 1905), educator, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He studied at Oberlin 
 College for three years and graduated from 
 Antioch College in 1857, a member of the 
 first graduating class. He taught school in 
 Clinton County, served in the 50th O.V.I., 
 was a school principal in Vernon, Ind., for 
 two years, and joined the Hiram College 
 faculty in 1867. After teaching at Hiram 
 for two years, he joined the faculty of Eu- 
 reka College, 111. He spent his last years in 
 Indiana, farming and preaching in Disciples 
 of Christ churches. 
 
 The Evolution of a Shadow . . . , Cincin- 
 nati, 1886. 
 
 WESTON, STEPHEN FRANCIS (March 10, 
 1855-March 7, 1935), educator, born in 
 Madison, Maine, spent most of his life in 
 Ohio. He graduated from Antioch College 
 in 1879 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) 
 in 1903. He was on the faculty of Western 
 Reserve University, 1894-1900, and An- 
 tioch College, 1902-25. He edited a collec- 
 tion of peace orations and also published 
 Historical Sketch of the Intercollegiate 
 Peace Association . . . , Yellow Springs, 
 1910. WWW 1 
 
 WESTWOOD, HORACE (1884-Dec. 24, 
 1956), clergyman, born in Yorkshire, Eng- 
 land, came to Canada in 1901 and to the 
 United States in 1905. Ordained to the 
 ministry of the Methodist Church in 1906, 
 he became a Unitarian in 1910 and was 
 pastor of churches in Ohio, Canada, Cali- 
 fornia, and South Carolina. He served a 
 church in Youngstown for a time and was 
 pastor of First Unitarian Church, Toledo, 
 1919-27. He died in Clearwater, Fla., where 
 
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 \v 
 
 - r.e ~e 
 
 WETMORE. CLAUDE HAZELTINE 1 >r?- 
 ? ), was born in Con Fa S m bo 
 
 ; .-■■ r.t -i-isz W e >:"e- Reserve L"-> 
 
 : i:J 
 
 Ml 
 
 Fighting under the Southern Cross .... 
 
 Chicago. [1901]. 
 Incaland, a Story of Adventure in i 
 
 tenor of Peru .... Boston, [1902]. 
 In a Brazilian Jungle .... Boston, 1903. 
 Out of a Fleur-de-Lis .... Chicago, 
 
 . :' 3_-\- ;■ .:;.:. ■:;: z -. '-. —-.... S: Louis. 
 
 Mo.. 1904. 
 t _ .'■: .:: 1 : .-: - : 5: Louis Mc 
 
 1913. 
 Bedtime Stories, New York, 1914. 
 Queen Tinj's Little People, New York, 
 
 1914. 
 Capitol Removal [Chicago. 19261. 
 
 WEYER. ANTHONY He; 25. 1~5— Mi 
 
 Barton J Howard. 
 
 Xfce Family Physician, Or Poor Man's 
 
 F-.z".- s-.-' .'•/.:■-; j !--;•- C."":r J *::.■•.•; 
 ... St. Clairsvflle, 1831. 
 
 WHaLLON. EDWARD PAYSON Mirc'r. 
 
 Presbyter, and 77i« 
 pistor. His writings 
 
 •:f He r ciJ ar.u 
 
 rterian in Cin- 
 
 t ; _ - _ :'-"!;. 
 
 Pastoral Mem- 
 
 : ■ .-:: 
 
 Cincinnati 1907. WWW 
 
 WHARTON. FRANCIS Ml-:': - . Isl'.- 
 21. I**? . li-yer. ~-zzz~ : rr.iru -~." ei 
 -.::. ::.— :- Phi.iie!-'-.; > is rr, 
 
 . Phi^cel: 
 
 t: .4 1 -..:-..■ on The- 
 ia. 1853 
 
 WHEATON. JOHN MaYNARD May 13. 
 
 IS-C'-J- 2> 
 
 J;, ee; 
 
 Rcr;:: - :r.e E - 
 cat Survey of Ohio, 
 
 ? . m, was born 
 a 1 : imtj After crad- 
 Unhe: h 1860. he 
 irved as an assistant 
 
 OA" I., and after the 
 
 in Columbus and also 
 
 : y runs Med::a'. 
 
 >od he was deeply in- 
 
 of-doors and wildlife. 
 
 medical practice this 
 
 his avocation. He 
 
 articles on orni- 
 
 : i J ..: ..: gne of 
 
 s published in the 
 
 1860, ar 
 
 rublished 
 
 rt of the Geologi- 
 
 WHEELER. ADA M. 
 : . 1942 educator. 
 
 :^-:;:;- C;_-r. 
 Erie Se-ir.-.. -i 
 >:.-.;:'. she res^r. : 
 
 Ma\ 2}. 1854-] 
 was born in Mohawk. 
 A graduate of Lake 
 Cincinnati Normal 
 eaching in Cincinnati 
 in 1871. In 1912 she was named principal 
 of Windsor School, the first woman to be 
 irro;-:ec :; -:~ i r;-. - _ ..rmati. and 
 she served until her retirement in 1925 
 She wrote Stories in Verse, [Cincinnati. 
 1933]. 
 
 WHEELER. EDWAJRD JEWITT March 11. 
 1859— July 15. 1922). editor and publisher, 
 was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. 
 He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan Univer- 
 sity in 1879. He was associated with Funk 
 and Wagnalls, Siting Literary D.ses: from 
 li^f :: '.'-'.: ~_ ;:: = : •■..ri C ~~ent Litera- 
 ture Curren: Or Be lived in New 
 
 Stories in Rhvme for Holiday Time, New 
 
 k. 1884.' 
 Prohibition: The Principle, the Policy and 
 
 :'■:-: F. ■:■ .... N=- YcS;. 1 •» - 
 
 WHEELER. OLIN DUNBAR May 1. 1852- 
 Sept. 10, 1925), was born in II msfie Id 
 
 tooklets on the 
 
 Indianland and Wonderland . . . 
 1894. 
 
 St Paul. 
 
679 
 
 White, J. W. 
 
 Sketches of Wonderland . . . , St. Paul, 
 
 1895. 
 Yellowstone National Park . . . , St. Paul, 
 
 1901. 
 The Trail of Lewis and Clark . . . , 2 vols., 
 
 New York, 1904. 
 Eastward through the Storied Northwest 
 
 . . . , [St. Paul?, 1907]. 
 
 WHEELER, WILLIAM WEBB (Feb. 15, 
 1845-June 7, 1925), merchant, was born 
 in Ashtabula County, but spent much of 
 his life in St. Joseph, Mo. He published a 
 number of accounts of his travels, e.g., En- 
 circling the Globe, [St. Joseph, Mo.], 1910. 
 WWW 1 
 
 WHELAN, JAMES (Dec. 8, 1823-Feb. 18, 
 1878), clergyman, born in Kilkenny, Ire- 
 land, studied at the Dominican monastery, 
 Somerset, and was ordained a priest there 
 in 1846. He engaged in missionary work 
 around Somerset, 1846-52, and served as 
 president of St. Joseph's College, Perry 
 County, 1852-54. As Bishop of Nashville, 
 he was permitted in 1864 to cross the Con- 
 federate lines to visit Bishop Spalding at 
 Louisville. Accusations of passing informa- 
 tion to Northern troops led to his mental 
 breakdown. He resigned his see in 1864. 
 He died in Zanesville. 
 Catena A urea . 
 1871. 
 
 , St. Joseph's College, 
 
 WHERRY, ELWOOD MORRIS (March 26, 
 1843-Oct. 5, 1927), missionary, born in 
 South Bend, Pa., served in India, 1867-1922. 
 The last five years of his life were spent 
 in Cincinnati. He translated books into 
 Urdu, wrote books in that language, and 
 published several books on religion and the 
 mission field, e.g., Zeinab, the Panjabi . . . , 
 New York, [1895]. 
 
 WHINERY, VERNA. Pseud. See Verna W. 
 Hiatt. 
 
 WHIPPLE, MARGARET. See Margaret W. 
 Follet. 
 
 WHITACRE, DONALD DU MONT (June 
 29, 1920- ), journalist, was born in 
 Harveysburg, Warren County, and now 
 lives in Clarksville. He attended Wilming- 
 ton College, Pacific Oxford College, and 
 Lincoln College. He writes a syndicated 
 column, "Curious Facts," has published 
 articles in numerous magazines, and has 
 written Little Known Facts about Ohio, 
 [Marietta, 1947]. 
 
 WHITE, CHARLES BROWNE (April 13, 
 1870-March 20, 1945), was born in New- 
 
 ark, Licking County. After graduating from 
 Denison University in 1893, he taught for 
 one year at Tallequah Academy, Okla., and 
 then returned to Granville to teach Latin 
 at Doane Academy, 1894-1907. He retired 
 from teaching in 1907 and managed farm 
 properties inherited by his wife near Gran- 
 ville. He was active for many years in 
 the Granville Historical Society. After his 
 death selections of his writing were pub- 
 lished: The Philosopher of Mount Par- 
 nassus, Granville, [1948]. 
 
 WHITE, CHARLES EDWARD (Aug. 2, 
 1848-March 18, 1923), educator, was born 
 in Wayne, Wood County, but spent most of 
 his life in New York State, where his par- 
 ents moved during his boyhood. After grad- 
 uating from Cazenovia Seminary in 1867, 
 he taught in several country schools. From 
 1887 until his death, he was principal of 
 Franklin Public School in Syracuse, N. Y. 
 He published several arithmetic textbooks. 
 He also wrote many poems, collected in 
 Poems of School and Life, [Syracuse, 
 1916]. His best-known poem was "A 
 Teacher's Prayer." 
 
 WHITE, JOHN CAMPBELL (May 31, 1870- 
 ), clergyman and educator, was born 
 in Wooster, Wayne County. He graduated 
 from University of Wooster in 1890. He 
 was general secretary of the Y.M.C.A., 
 Calcutta, India, 1893-1903, was president 
 of Wooster, 1915-19, and held various ad- 
 ministrative offices in the United Presby- 
 terian Church. He was pastor of First 
 United Presbyterian Church, Mansfield, 
 1942-47, and now lives in Monroe. He 
 wrote Missions and Leadership . . . , Woos- 
 ter, 1915. WW 27 
 
 WHITE, JOHN W. (1814-Feb. 16, 1885), 
 was born in Middlebury, Vt. He edited the 
 Mount Vernon True Whig and worked on 
 other newspapers. He died in Mount Ver- 
 non. 
 
 The Book of Chronicles! . . . , Mount Ver- 
 non, 1858. 
 George Seymour; Or, Disappointed Re- 
 venge. A Drama, Mount Vernon, 1858. 
 
 WHITE, JOHN WILLIAMS (March 5, 1849- 
 May 9, 1917), educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. After graduat- 
 ing from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1868, he studied in Germany and traveled 
 in Greece. He received his Ph.D. in classical 
 philology from Harvard in 1877, and was 
 on the faculty, 1877-1909. He wrote many 
 Greek textbooks and scholarly articles, and 
 The Verse of Greek Comedy, London, 
 1912. DAB 20 
 
White, R. J. 
 
 680 
 
 WHITE, RALPH JEROME (Jan. 28, 1882- 
 ), clergyman, was born in Kent, Port- 
 age County. He graduated from Witten- 
 berg College in 1907 and the Seminary in 
 1909. He served as a pastor in Ohio, 1909- 
 16, as a missionary in British Guiana and 
 Argentina, 1916-24, and as a pastor in 
 Grand Rapids, Mich., 1924-54. He has 
 written Six Years in Hammock Land; An 
 Historical Sketch of the Lutheran Church 
 in British Guiana . . . , Philadelphia, 
 [1922]. RLA 2 
 
 WHITE, WILBERT WEBSTER (Jan. 16, 
 1863-Aug. 12, 1944), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Ashland, Ashland 
 County. After graduating from University 
 of Wooster in 1881 and Xenia Theological 
 Seminary in 1885, he was ordained to the 
 Presbyterian ministry. He served a church 
 in Illinois, 1885-86, was on the Xenia 
 Seminary faculty, 1890-95, taught at Moody 
 Bible Institute, 1895-97, and was a mis- 
 sionary in India and England, 1897-1900. 
 In 1900 he founded the Bible Seminary in 
 New York City and served as its president 
 until 1940. Besides the titles below, he 
 published textbooks on memory training 
 and a collection of Bible readings. 
 Inductive Studies in Twelve Minor Proph- 
 ets, New York, 1894. 
 Thirty Studies in the Gospel by John, New 
 
 York, [1896]. 
 Thirty Studies in the Revelation, New 
 
 York, 1897. 
 Availing Prayer, New York, 1899. 
 Old Testament Records . . . , New York, 
 
 [1900]. 
 Studies in Old Testament Characters . . . , 
 
 New York, [1900]. 
 Thirty Studies in the Gospel by Matthew, 
 
 New York, 1903. 
 The Resurrection Body . . . , New York, 
 
 [1923]. 
 
 WHITE, WILLIAM WISNER (Nov. 27, 
 1866-Jan. 6, 1935), lawyer, was born in 
 Ithaca, N. Y. He graduated from Prince- 
 ton University in 1888, studied law, and 
 afterward practiced in Cleveland. He pub- 
 lished Poems and Sketches, [Cleveland, 
 1925]. RC 27 
 
 WHITEFORD, ROBERT NAYLOR (June 
 28, 1870-Jan. 6, 1959), educator, was born 
 in Crawfordsville, Ind. A graduate of 
 Wabash College (A.B., 1890; Ph.D., 1893), 
 he was professor of English, University of 
 Toledo, 1910-38. Besides literature text- 
 books, he wrote Motives in English Fiction, 
 New York, 1918. WWW 3 
 
 WHITEHAIR, CHARLES WESLEY (Jan. 7, 
 1887-June 12, 1933), banker, born in 
 Selma, Ind., graduated from DePauw Uni- 
 versity in 1909. He was a Y.M.C.A. worker 
 and a correspondent in World War I. After 
 the war he was engaged in banking and in- 
 surance in Cleveland and lived in Shaker 
 Heights. He lectured on his war experiences 
 and published several books, e.g., Out 
 There, New York, 1918. WWW 1 
 
 WHITEHEAD, JOHN (Sept., 1819-1905), 
 lawyer, was born in Jersey, Licking County, 
 but after the death of his father he was 
 reared in the home of an uncle in Newark, 
 N. J. He was admitted to the New Jersey 
 bar in 1840 and practiced in that state. 
 The Judicial and Civil History of New Jer- 
 sey, [Boston], 1897. 
 The Passaic Valley of New Jersey . . . , 2 
 
 vols., New York, 1901. 
 Memorial Sketch of the Life of Compatriot 
 William McKinley . . . , [New York, 
 1903]. 
 
 WHITELEATHER, MELVIN KERR (June 
 15, 1903- ), journalist, was born in 
 Damascus, Mahoning County. After gradu- 
 ating from Ohio State University in 1925, 
 he worked on various newspapers and was 
 a foreign correspondent for the Associated 
 Press and for the Philadelphia Evening 
 Bulletin. He has published a book on for- 
 eign relations: Main Street's New Neighbors, 
 Philadelphia, [1945]. WW 30 
 
 WHITLOCK, BRAND (March 4, 1869-May 
 24, 1934), writer, humanitarian, statesman 
 of the progressive era, and courageous 
 diplomat, was born in Urbana, Champaign 
 County, the son of a Methodist minister, 
 Elias D. Whitlock. During his boyhood he 
 shared the drab existence of a Methodist 
 preacher's household in rural Ohio towns 
 where his father had a succession of minis- 
 tries, relieved by summers spent in the 
 more lively and urbane home of his grand- 
 father, Joseph Carter Brand, who had been 
 consul to Nuremberg and brought to Ur- 
 bana facets of European culture. His formal 
 schooling ended upon his leaving high school, 
 but the rest of his life was a continuous 
 process of self-education. He preferred 
 newspaper work to college, serving as a 
 reporter on the Toledo Blade, 1887-90, 
 and on the Chicago Herald, 1891-93. A 
 series of articles he wrote on John Peter 
 Altgeld when the latter was running for 
 governor in 1892 led to a post in the of- 
 fice of the secretary of state at Springfield, 
 111., where he remained throughout Altgeld's 
 
681 
 
 Whitlock, B. 
 
 administration. These were seminal years 
 for Whitlock. His newspaper jobs trained 
 him in concise, accurate reporting. In 
 Springfield he imbibed Altgeld's radical 
 humanitarianism and shared his travail in 
 pardoning the men unjustly convicted of 
 murder in the Haymarket riot. There be- 
 gan his lifelong friendship with Clarence 
 Darrow (q.v.), who helped direct his literary 
 tastes as well as his social thinking. He pre- 
 pared himself for the law, wrote his first 
 short story to be published, and married 
 Ella Brainerd, of whom Newton Baker 
 wrote, "She was half of his heart, half of 
 his head, and more than half of his cour- 
 age." After Altgeld's defeat Whitlock re- 
 moved to Ohio, took the state bar exams, 
 and hung out his shingle in Toledo in 
 1897. His vocation was the law but almost 
 as important was his avocation of letters. 
 From this time until he resigned from the 
 ambassadorship to Belgium, his was a dual 
 career. In his first novel, The Thirteenth 
 District (1902), he individualized a politi- 
 cal type he had observed during his Chi- 
 cago and Springfield years. Without moral 
 strictures and in a sense with sympathy, 
 he traced the disintegration of the ambi- 
 tious, personable, but morally flabby Jerome 
 Garwood, Congressman from the thirteenth 
 district. The style, the ethical tone, and the 
 psychological twists are those of William 
 Dean Howells, who was Whitlock's "first 
 literary hero" and who encouraged the 
 young writer. But the scenes and characters 
 are Whitlock's own. There followed a num- 
 ber of short stories, mainly on political 
 themes, later collected in The Gold Brick 
 (1910) and The Fall Guy (1912), and two 
 slighter novels, Her Infinite Variety (1904) 
 and The Happy Average (1904). Because 
 of his humanitarian sympathies for the 
 poor and the outcast, he was attracted in 
 his legal practice to the defense of 
 criminals and to a study of criminal pro- 
 cedures and prison conditions. Out of this 
 knowledge he penned The Turn of the 
 Balance (1907), an important novel in 
 the literature of exposure, shocking the 
 public by its revelations of the barbarities 
 practiced in American penitentiaries. Such 
 an interest brought him to the notice of 
 the great humanitarian mayor of Toledo, 
 Samuel Milton ("Golden Rule") Jones 
 (q.v.), and a friendship flourished when 
 the two discovered a mutual enthusiasm for 
 Tolstoy, Whitman, and Emerson. When the 
 mayor died in office, Whitlock was urged 
 to assume the leadership of the Jones move- 
 ment. He vacillated, for he knew this would 
 curtail, if not end, his leisure for writing, 
 but he finally yielded to the importunings 
 
 of Lincoln Steffens, Tom L. Johnson (q.v.), 
 the hero of Cleveland's civic revival, and a 
 group of Toledo Independents. First elected 
 in 1905, Whitlock served as Toledo's mayor 
 for eight years. No innovator, he took his 
 reform ideas from Jones and Johnson, en- 
 thusiastically espousing the leading pro- 
 gressive principles of the day — home rule 
 for cities, municipal ownership of utilities, 
 the initiative and referendum, direct pri- 
 mary nonpartisan elections, and women's 
 suffrage. He came to share the belief of 
 civic reformers that the city was the hope 
 of democracy, and that the failure of mu- 
 nicipal institutions was caused not by too 
 much democracy but by too little. His rec- 
 ord in the mayor's office was one of effi- 
 cient, humane service for the public good. 
 By 1913 he was determined to retire from 
 politics. He confided to his friends that the 
 mayor's job had become the "veriest slav- 
 ery" to him and that he longed to realize 
 his dream of a literary career. Hypersensi- 
 tive to criticism, he winced at enduring 
 again the slander of a campaign and the 
 heckling of do-gooders, forever abusing 
 him for failing to stamp out the saloon. 
 Also he needed to earn more money. Fi- 
 nally, he wished to satisfy the reverse side 
 of his dual nature. Intellectually he was a 
 democrat and friend of the common man, 
 but emotionally he was an aristocrat, lov- 
 ing fine clothes and fine living, preferring 
 the society of the rich and well born, from 
 whom the nature of his reform battle had 
 separated him. During his years as mayor 
 he had not abandoned his literary interests. 
 He found surcease from the political hurly- 
 burly by closing himself in his study with 
 his books and his pen. Most of his writing 
 was nonfictional — essays on democracy, city 
 government, municipal ownership of utili- 
 ties, and pen sketches of leading Ohio re- 
 formers. The most distinguished is a pam- 
 phlet, On the Enforcement of Law in Cities 
 (1910), a humane and graceful statement 
 of his philosophy on civic morals, a chal- 
 lenge to the cant of the moral reformers. In 
 the months immediately following his re- 
 tirement, he wrote a charming volume of 
 reminiscences, Forty Years of It (1914). It 
 sparkles with vivid portraits of his family 
 and friends and with bright, humorous anec- 
 dotes. While slighting many events in his 
 own career, it is a fascinating record of his 
 own intellectual growth and is sprinkled 
 with sage observations distilled from his ex- 
 periences. Whitlock did not long hold to 
 his decision to renounce politics for litera- 
 ture; in Dec, 1913, he was sworn in as 
 minister to Belgium. In that quiet diplo- 
 matic post he anticipated that he could play 
 
Whitlock, B. 
 
 682 
 
 his dual role with reversed emphasis. Such 
 hopes were smashed when Belgium was 
 thrown into the vortex of World War I by 
 the German invasion in Aug., 1914. Whit- 
 lock's next three years were consumed 
 mainly in organizing and maintaining the 
 relief of the Belgian people. It is no small 
 tribute to his tact, patience, and adminis- 
 trative talent that the "revictualling" con- 
 tinued at a steady pace. His Journal gives 
 a candid day-by-day account of the heavy 
 labor this entailed, especially the task of 
 smoothing the friction and jealousies which 
 existed among the personalities involved. 
 Later he published an account of these 
 years; Belgium: A Personal Narrative 
 (1919) spares personalities but otherwise is 
 as accurate and straightforward as the 
 Journal. "One of the few classics" of 
 World War I — an encomium bestowed 
 upon it by Allan Nevins — Belgium is more 
 than a record of events; it is an indictment 
 of military tyranny built not upon accounts 
 of atrocities but upon the cumulative, grind- 
 ing effect of armed despotism upon a once 
 free people. With the signing of the Armi- 
 stice, Whitlock returned to Brussels to spend 
 what were perhaps the three most satisfy- 
 ing years of his life. He basked in the 
 adulation and honors showered upon him, 
 relished the court life and the intimacy 
 with which the King and Queen favored 
 him, and satisfied his craving for art ob- 
 jects and fine books. It was characteristic 
 of him to take on the color of whatever 
 environment he was in; he played the role 
 of ambassador to perfection. Had there 
 been no change in administration at home, 
 he might have remained in the diplomatic 
 service, but a year after Harding's election 
 Whitlock was again a private citizen. By 
 saving a part of his salary and reaping sub- 
 stantial royalties from his books, he had 
 earned a competence sufficient to support 
 himself and his wife in modest style. He 
 could now devote himself exclusively to let- 
 ters. Although it might have been expected 
 that he would return to the United States, 
 he chose to linger in Europe, never quite 
 happy with the decision. Nevertheless, ex- 
 cept for occasional brief visits to America 
 he lived abroad until his death at Cannes, 
 France. This last span of years was his 
 most creative and yet the least satisfying, 
 because he was continually piqued by his 
 lack of popularity. His was a voice out of 
 the past, drowned by the more strident 
 tones of Sinclair Lewis, John Dos Passos, 
 Ernest Hemingway, and others. Whitlock 
 wrote two discerning novels about expatri- 
 ate Americans: Uprooted (1926) and 
 Transplanted (1927), drawing tellingly 
 
 upon his European observations; then he 
 returned to the theme of Midwestern poli- 
 tics in Big Matt (1928), though with less 
 success than in The Thirteenth District. In 
 1931 he published two slender romances, 
 Narcissus and The Stranger on the Island, 
 and a tract against prohibition, The Little 
 Green Shutter, which contains well-aimed 
 thrusts at the American attitude toward 
 drinking. If these, though good of their 
 kind, are only of ephemeral interest, two 
 others have "qualities of permanence" — to 
 quote Nevins again — and deserve a better 
 fate than their present neglect. One is 
 Whitlock's finest novel, J. Hardin & Son 
 (1923). The portraits of Joshua Hardin 
 and his son, Paul, are of high artistry; the 
 life of a drab Midwestern town, Macochee 
 (Urbana), is portrayed with unvarnished 
 truth; and certain scenes — a revival meet- 
 ing, a local-option election — are reported 
 with pungency and freshness. Though the 
 style is again that of Howells, Whitlock 
 shows that he is of a younger generation by 
 his frank handling of sex. His other signifi- 
 cant work was a biography: Lafayette 
 (1929), the best life of that revolutionary 
 French aristocrat in any language. This 
 romantic titled figure, who kept his faith 
 in constitutional democracy unimpaired, was 
 a congenial subject for Whitlock. It stirred 
 his interest in the past, which became more 
 and more his solace. He left unfinished a 
 novelized history of mid-nineteenth-century 
 Ohio and notes for a life of Jefferson. 
 Brand Whitlock falls short of greatness as a 
 writer and statesman, but to say this is 
 merely to concede his limitations so that his 
 virtues and real contributions may not ap- 
 pear in a false light. His reputation at home 
 has suffered partly from neglect but more 
 particularly from the malevolence of for- 
 mer friends. He deserves to be restored to 
 the esteem due him for his contributions 
 to literature and politics. As a writer he left 
 four or five titles which will have a per- 
 manent place on the shelves of American 
 literature. An individualist in the best Amer- 
 ican tradition, he was a consistent foe 
 with pen and voice of rigid dogma, hypoc- 
 risy, and cant. A humanitarian, he sought 
 to alleviate suffering wherever he found it 
 — among the criminal outcasts and for- 
 gotten poor of Toledo or among the starv- 
 ing Belgians. A major figure in the pro- 
 gressive era, he helped to regenerate the 
 political and social morals of his city and 
 state. The record of these contributions will 
 outlive the slurs of his detractors and will 
 shine through the mist of neglect that now 
 shrouds Brand Whitlock. 
 
 Landon Warner 
 
683 
 
 Whittier 
 
 WHITLOCK, WILLIAM FRANCIS (Oct. 20, 
 1833-1909), clergyman and educator, was 
 born on a farm near Dayton, Montgomery 
 County. He taught school in Montgomery 
 and Preble Counties, graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1859, and after- 
 ward was associated with his alma mater 
 as a professor and administrator for more 
 than forty years. He wrote The Story of the 
 Book Concern, New York, [1903?]. WWW 1 
 
 WHITMAN, ALBERY ALLSON (May 30, 
 1851-June 29, 1901), was born in Hart 
 County, Ky., of slave parents. He worked 
 at manual labor in northern Kentucky and 
 southern Ohio, attended Wilberforce Uni- 
 versity at intervals, and taught school. In 
 1876 he was made pastor of a church in 
 Springfield and also served as financial 
 agent of Wilberforce. During this period 
 he published a volume of poetry: Not a 
 Man, and Yet a Man, Springfield, 1877. He 
 later served as a pastor in various states. 
 He published several volumes of poetry and 
 was probably the major Negro poet before 
 Paul Laurence Dunbar (q.v.). 
 
 WHITMAN, HOWARD (May 6, 1914- ), 
 journalist, was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. After graduating from West- 
 ern Reserve University in 1935, he was a 
 correspondent in Europe for two years. He 
 was moderator of the television program 
 "Probe," 1957-58. He is the author of 
 numerous magazine and newspaper articles 
 on social problems, and Let's Tell the Truth 
 about Sex, New York, [1948]. 
 
 WHITMER, DAVID (Jan. 7, 1805-Jan. 25, 
 1888), born near Harrisburg, Pa., was one 
 of the three witnesses who attested to Jo- 
 seph Smith's translation of the golden plates 
 into the Book of Mormon. He accompa- 
 nied the Mormons to Kirtland, but was 
 one of the first to migrate to Missouri. He 
 was excommunicated in 1838 and con- 
 tinued to live in Ray County, Mo. In his 
 old age he dictated a pamphlet describing 
 the translation of the plates and other epi- 
 sodes in the early history of the Mormon 
 Church: An Address to All Believers in 
 Christ . . . , Richmond, Mo., 1887. 
 
 WHITNEY, ELLIOTT. Pseud. See Harry L. 
 Sayler. 
 
 WHITNEY, HELEN LOOS (April 21, 1894- 
 ), born in Iowa City, Iowa, has lived 
 in Glendale, Hamilton County, since 1920. 
 She graduated from the University of Iowa 
 in 1915. Her husband, Nathaniel R. Whit- 
 ney (q.v.), was an economist at Procter 
 & Gamble. She has written a biographical 
 
 memoir: Isaac Althaus Loos, Iowa City, 
 1947. 
 
 WHITNEY, LORENENZO HARPER (Sept. 
 12, 1834-1912), lawyer, was born in Ber- 
 lin Heights, Erie County, but spent none of 
 his adult life in Ohio. In 1852 he was a 
 miner in California; later he studied law 
 in Illinois and was admitted to the bar in 
 1858. He served in the Civil War with 
 Illinois troops and after the war practiced 
 law in Chicago. His projected history of 
 the Civil War covers events only as far as 
 June 10, 1861; no later volumes were is- 
 sued. 
 
 The History of the War for the Preserva- 
 tion of the Federal Union . . . , Phila- 
 delphia, 1863. 
 Life and Teachings of Zoroaster . . . , 
 
 [Chicago, 1905]. 
 A Question of Miracles; Parallels in the 
 Lives of Buddha and Jesus, Chicago, 
 1908. 
 
 WHITNEY, NATHANIEL RUGGLES (Sept. 
 6, 1882- ), economist, born in Lykens, 
 Pa., was professor of finance, University of 
 Cincinnati, 1920-23, and an economist for 
 Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, 1923- 
 52. He now lives in Glendale. He has pub- 
 lished books on economics and banking 
 and The Sale of War Bonds in Iowa, Iowa 
 City, Iowa, 1923. WW 26 
 
 WHITTAKER, JAMES THOMAS (March 3, 
 1843-June 5, 1900), physician and edu- 
 cator, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. He graduated from Miami Univer- 
 sity in 1863 and the Medical College of 
 Ohio in 1867. He taught at the Medical 
 College of Ohio and was pathologist at 
 Good Samaritan Hospital. He also edited 
 the Cincinnati Clinic, 1871-76, and wrote 
 several important medical works. His pleas- 
 ing style and versatility appeared to good 
 advantage in his novel Exiled for Lese 
 Majeste. He died in Cincinnati. 
 Exiled for Lese Majeste, Cincinnati, 1898. 
 
 WHITTERN, CHARLES S. (1858-Jan. 30, 
 1934), was born in Parma, Cuyahoga 
 County. After teaching school in Parma 
 for a time, he came to Cleveland in 1884 
 and became a deputy clerk in the court- 
 house. He filled various official posts in the 
 court for more than thirty years. He pub- 
 lished a small volume of verse: The Little 
 Red School-house and Other Poems, Cleve- 
 land, 1902. 
 
 WHITTIER, GERTRUDE. See Gertrude W. 
 Meals. 
 
Whittlesey 
 
 684 
 
 WHITTLESEY, CHARLES (Oct. 4, 1808- 
 Oct. 18, 1886), was born in Southington, 
 Conn. His family settled in Tallmadge, 
 Summit County, in 1813. He graduated 
 from the U.S. Military Academy in 1831. 
 Resigning from the army at the close of 
 the Black Hawk War, he opened a law 
 office in Cleveland, and also became part- 
 owner and co-editor of the Whig and 
 Herald. He found himself when, in 1837, 
 he was appointed assistant geologist of Ohio 
 under William W. Mather. Here he was in 
 association with a brilliant corps, which 
 included such men as S. P. Hildreth, John 
 Locke, and J. W. Foster, and here he ac- 
 quired the broad knowledge upon which 
 his reputation as a geologist was based. 
 Financed by Joseph Sullivant (q.v.), a 
 wealthy amateur archaeologist of Colum- 
 bus, during the years 1839 and 1840 he 
 made a survey of the works of the Mound 
 Builders. About twenty of his plans and 
 some of his notes were included in the 
 great work of Ephraim G. Squier and Ed- 
 win H. Davis (qq.v.). In 1844 he was em- 
 ployed as geologist by a Detroit company 
 to explore the copper regions of Michigan. 
 He became head of a subcorps under the 
 brilliant geologist, David Dale Owen, and 
 was thus engaged in the U. S. Geological 
 Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota 
 from 1847 till 1851. Subsequently he found 
 his services as a mining engineer in that 
 region in much demand. He served with 
 distinction in the Civil War from April 
 17, 1861, until April, 1862, when bad 
 health forced him to resign following the 
 battle of Shiloh, where he was in command 
 of the third brigade of General Lew Wal- 
 lace's division. In 1867 he was one of the 
 original organizers of the Western Reserve 
 Historical Society. The spread of his inter- 
 ests ranged over a wide field of subjects — 
 geology, agriculture, history, archaeology, 
 and religion. He was a confirmed pam- 
 phleteer — disputatious, and, on the matter 
 of archaeological attributions, inclined to 
 be pontifical. In one of his many tracts he 
 held the so-called Cincinnati tablet to be a 
 fraud, a position he was forced to aban- 
 don in the light of evidence presented by 
 the Cincinnati book-dealer Robert Clarke 
 (q.v.). He produced nearly 200 tracts, a 
 bibliography of which was compiled by 
 C. C. Baldwin and published by the West- 
 ern Reserve Historical Society in 1887. He 
 died in Cleveland. 
 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 
 A Discourse Relating to the Expedition of 
 Lord Dunmore of Virginia against the 
 Indian Towns upon the Scioto in 1774, 
 Cleveland, 1842. 
 
 A Sketch of the Settlement and Progress of 
 the Township of Tallmadge, Cleveland, 
 1842. 
 
 Bouquet's Expedition into the Muskingum 
 Country Oct., 1764, [Cleveland, 1846]. 
 
 Outline Sketch of the Geology of Ohio, 
 [n.p., 1848]. 
 
 Ancient Earthworks of Ohio, Washington, 
 D. C, 1850. 
 
 Fugitive Essays, upon Interesting and Use- 
 ful Subjects, Relating to the Early His- 
 tory of Ohio . . . , Hudson, 1852. 
 
 Ancient Mining on the Shores of Lake 
 Superior, [Washington, D. C, 1863]. 
 
 Mineral Resources of the Cordilleras of 
 North America . . . , Cleveland, 1863. 
 
 Early History of Cleveland, Ohio . . . , 
 Cleveland, 1867. 
 
 Contributions to the Geology of Ohio, 
 Cleveland, 1869. 
 
 Inside View of the Geological Appoint- 
 ments, [Cleveland?, 1870]. 
 
 History of the Coal and Iron Business 
 from Cleveland As It Is, 1872, [Cleve- 
 land, 1872?]. 
 
 Topographical and Historical Sketch of the 
 State of Ohio, Philadelphia, 1872. 
 
 General Wallace's Division, Battle of 
 Shiloh. Was It Tardy?, [Cleveland?, 
 1875?]. 
 
 Battle of Shiloh Church, [Cleveland], 1882. 
 
 War Memoranda. Cheat River to the Ten- 
 nessee, 1861-1862, Cleveland, 1884. 
 
 Theism and Atheism in Science, [Cincin- 
 nati, 1886]. 
 
 WIBORG, FRANK BESTOW (April 30, 
 1855-May 12, 1930), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. After graduating 
 from Chickering Institute, Cincinnati, in 
 1874, he organized a firm to manufacture 
 printer's ink, Ault and Wiborg Co. At the 
 time of his death he was president of the 
 New York branch of the company. He 
 wrote a history of printer's ink and A 
 Commercial Traveller in South America 
 . . . , New York, 1905. WWW 1 
 
 WICKENDEN, ARTHUR CONSAUL (April 
 24, 1893- ), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. He 
 graduated from Denison University in 1915 
 and the University of Chicago (B.D., 1921; 
 Ph.D., 1931). After being ordained to the 
 ministry in the Baptist Church, he served 
 several churches in the Middle West, 1921- 
 27, and has been professor of religion, Mi- 
 ami University, since 1927. He has pub- 
 lished several books on religious themes, 
 e.g., Youth Looks at Religion, New York, 
 1939. WW 28 
 
685 
 
 Wiggins 
 
 WICKES, THOMAS (Oct. 31, 1814-Nov. 
 10, 1870), clergyman, was born in Jamaica, 
 Long Island, N. Y. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1834, was ordained to 
 the ministry in 1839, and served as pastor 
 of First Congregational Church, Marietta, 
 1840-69, before resigning because of ill 
 health. He died in Orange, N. J. Besides 
 the title below, he published at least one 
 collection of sermons. 
 The Son of Man, Boston, [1868]. 
 
 WICKEY, HARRY HERMAN (Oct. 14, 
 
 1892- ), artist, was born in Stryker, 
 Williams County. In 1915 he studied in 
 New York under George Bellows and Rob- 
 ert Henri. His etchings are represented in 
 most major museums and galleries in the 
 United States. He has written an autobiog- 
 raphy: Thus Far, (he Growth of an Ameri- 
 can Artist, New York, [1941]. WW 30 
 
 WICKLINE, WILLIAM ALVIN (March 5, 
 1899-Feb. 5, 1942), educator, was born in 
 Rio Grande, Gallia County. He graduated 
 from Rio Grande College in 1922 and re- 
 ceived a master's degree from Ohio State 
 University in 1933. He was a teacher and 
 superintendent in various Ohio schools for 
 21 years. He died at Oberlin. The year be- 
 fore his death, he published a little book of 
 personal philosophy: A Man-made God 
 . . . , [Oberlin, 1941]. 
 
 WICKS, KATHERINE GIBSON (Sept. 13, 
 
 1893- ), born in Indianapolis, Ind., was 
 on the educational staff of the Cleveland 
 Museum of Art, 1916-46. Under her 
 maiden name, Katherine Gibson, she has 
 published considerable juvenile fiction, e.g., 
 The Golden Bird and Other Stories, New 
 York, 1927. WW 30 
 
 WIDEAWAKE, DR. ALATE. Pseud. See 
 Henry Howe. 
 
 WIDNEY, JOSEPH POMEROY (Dec. 26, 
 
 1841-July 4, 1938), physician, was born 
 in Miami County, where he attended pub- 
 lic schools. In 1862 he moved to Califor- 
 nia. After serving two years in the Civil 
 War, he studied medicine and around 1868 
 began practicing in Los Angeles, the city 
 where he lived for the rest of his life. He 
 was a founder of the University of Califor- 
 nia in 1880, became the first dean of its 
 medical school in 1885, and served as 
 president of the university, 1892-95. Most 
 of his books were written after an auto- 
 mobile accident damaged his eyesight in 
 1929. 
 
 The Way of Life . . . Three Essays, Los 
 
 Angeles, 1900. 
 Race Life of the Aryan Peoples, 2 vols., 
 
 New York, 1907. 
 Ahasuerus; A Race Tragedy, Los Angeles, 
 
 1915. 
 The Faith That Has Come to Me, Los 
 
 Angeles, [1932]. 
 The Genesis and Evolution of Islam and 
 
 Judaeo-Christianity, Los Angeles, [1932]. 
 The Lure and the Land; An Idyl of the 
 
 Pacific, Los Angeles, [1932]. 
 Whither Away? The Problem of Death 
 
 and the Hereafter, Los Angeles, [1934]. 
 The Three Americas . . . , Los Angeles, 
 
 [1935]. 
 Race Life and Race Religions . . . , Los 
 
 Angeles, [1936]. 
 Civilizations and Their Diseases . . . , Los 
 
 Angeles, [1937]. 
 The Song of the Engle Men . . . , Los 
 
 Angeles, [1937]. 
 
 WIEAND, ALBERT CASSEL (Jan. 17, 1871- 
 July 17, 1954), educator, was born in 
 Wadsworth, Medina County. He graduated 
 from the University of Chicago in 1901 and 
 afterward studied in Germany. He founded 
 Bethany Bible Seminary in 1905, served as 
 president until 1932, and taught there until 
 1946. He published several books on re- 
 ligious themes, e.g., The Prayer Life and 
 Teachings of Jesus, New York, [1932]. 
 WWW 3 
 
 WIERWILLE, VICTOR PAUL (Dec. 31, 
 
 1916- ), clergyman, was born in Shelby 
 County and now lives in Van Wert. A grad- 
 uate of Mission House College and Semi- 
 nary, Plymouth, Wis., he has done grad- 
 uate work in theology at Princeton 
 Seminary and Burton Seminary. He served 
 as pastor of the Evangelical and Reformed 
 Church, Van Wert, 1944-57; he resigned 
 in 1957 to devote all his time to writing 
 and teaching a course in "Power for Abun- 
 dant Living." He is the founder of the Way 
 International and has lectured throughout 
 the world. He has published many pam- 
 phlets and books, e.g., Victory through 
 Christ, Van Wert, 1945. 
 
 WIGGINS, LIDA KECK (Jan. 5, 1874-July 
 2, 1946), was born in Batavia, Clermont 
 County. She attended Cedarville schools. 
 After her marriage to Forrest Wiggins of 
 Springfield, she lived in that city and wrote 
 society news for Springfield newspapers. 
 She spent her last years in Beacon, N. Y. 
 She wrote Know Thy Neighbor; Or, Char- 
 acter Reading . . . , Naperville, 111., [1909]. 
 
Wight 
 
 686 
 
 WIGHT, FRANCIS ASA (Feb. 16, 1854- 
 Dec. 14, 1942), clergyman, was born in 
 Andover, Ashtabula County. He attended 
 Transylvania University, was ordained to 
 the ministry of the Disciples of Christ 
 Church, and served pastorates in Ohio, 
 Pennsylvania, and California. He published 
 numerous religious books, e.g., Revelation 
 — Christ's Return, Harrisburg, Pa., [1931]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 WIKE, MURLIE BURNS (Feb. 24, 1889- 
 ), was born near Yellow Springs, 
 Greene County. In 1896 her parents moved 
 to a farm outside Springfield, where she 
 lived for many years. In 1943 she moved 
 to Van Nuys, Calif., where she now lives. 
 She has written numerous nature sketches 
 for young readers, e.g., Birds of a Feather 
 Stories .... Chicago, [1925]. WWNAA 7 
 
 WILBUR, JAMES BENJAMIN (Nov. 11, 
 1856-April 28, 1929), banker, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He lived 
 in Colorado for a number of years as a 
 banker and rancher. From 1891 until his 
 retirement he was president of Royal Trust 
 Co., Chicago. He later lived in Manchester, 
 Vt. He wrote a biography: Ira Allen, 
 Founder of Vermont . . . , 2 vols., Boston, 
 1928. WWW 1 
 
 WILCOX, ALANSON (Feb. 23, 1832-June 
 15, 1924), clergyman, was born in Hinck- 
 ley, Medina County. He was secretary of 
 the Ohio Society of the Disciples of Christ, 
 1884-95, and also served as a Sunday 
 school evangelist. He published an autobi- 
 ography in 1912 and a useful history: A 
 History of the Disciples of Christ in Ohio, 
 Cincinnati, [1918], 
 
 WILCOX, FRANK NELSON (Oct. 3, 1887- 
 ), artist and educator, was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County. He attended Cleve- 
 land schools, graduated from the Cleveland 
 School of Art in 1910, and afterward stud- 
 ied in Europe. He taught at the Cleveland 
 School of Art for twenty years. Besides pro- 
 fessional articles, he published Ohio Indian 
 Trails, Cleveland, 1933. 
 
 WILCOX, PHINEAS BACON (Sept. 26, 
 1798-March 25, 1863), lawyer, was born 
 in Middletown, Conn. After graduating 
 from Yale University in 1821, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar and practiced for forty 
 years in Columbus, where he acquired a 
 wide reputation as a specialist in land ti- 
 tles. He compiled a number of legal works. 
 The book below was published anony- 
 mously. 
 
 A Few Thoughts by a Member of the Bar, 
 Columbus, 1836. 
 
 WILDER, LUCY BEELER (May 15, 1889- 
 ), was born in Hamilton, Butler 
 County. She attended Hamilton public 
 schools, the University of Cincinnati, and 
 the University of Chicago. In Chicago she 
 married Dr. Russell M. Wilder in 1911. 
 After World War I, in which her husband 
 served as Chief of Gas Warfare, they set- 
 tled in Rochester, Minn. In 1932 she es- 
 tablished a bookstore in that community. 
 With the co-operation of the Mayo broth- 
 ers, she wrote a history of the Mayo Clinic 
 which has been published in two subse- 
 quent editions: The Mayo Clinic, Minneap- 
 olis, 1936. 
 
 WILDER, MARGARET BUELL (April 4, 
 1904- ), journalist, was born in Newark, 
 Licking County. She graduated from Smith 
 College in 1926. She has written a number 
 of television shows, motion-picture scripts, 
 and adaptations. Her first book, a series of 
 letters written to a soldier by his wife, ap- 
 peared first in the Dayton Journal-Herald: 
 Since You Went Away . . . , New York, 
 [1943]. 
 
 WILDER, THEODORE (Dec. 29, 1837- 
 March 8, 1871), was born in Chester, 
 Meigs County. He enlisted in the 7th O.V.I. 
 in April, 1861, was wounded at Cedar 
 Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 1862, and was dis- 
 charged in October of the same year. Com- 
 pany C, whose history he wrote, was com- 
 posed chiefly of Oberlin students and fac- 
 ulty members. 
 
 The History of Company C, 7th Regiment, 
 O.V.I., Oberlin, 1866. 
 
 WILDES, THOMAS F. (June 1, 1834-March 
 28, 1883), lawyer, was born in Racine, 
 Canada. In 1839 his parents brought him 
 to Ohio, and in 1861 he settled in Athens, 
 where he edited the Athens Messenger un- 
 til Aug., 1862, when he became lieutenant 
 colonel of the 116th O.V.I. After being dis- 
 charged from the army in Sept., 1865, he 
 studied law, and after his graduation from 
 Cincinnati Law School in 1866, he prac- 
 ticed in Athens. 
 
 Record of the One Hundred and Sixteenth 
 Regiment . . . , Sandusky, 1884. 
 
 WILDMAN, EDWARD EMBREE (1874- 
 May 5, 1956), educator, was born in Selma, 
 Clark County. He taught in the public 
 schools of Philadelphia and wrote articles 
 and books on nature study, e.g., Penn's 
 Woods, 1682-1932, Philadelphia, 1933. 
 
687 
 
 Williams, Albert R. 
 
 WILDMAN, MARIAN WARNER (Oct. 14, 
 1876- ), was born in Norwalk, Huron 
 County. She graduated from Western Re- 
 serve University in 1898, and in 1914 she 
 married Jesse A. Fenner of Cleveland. She 
 published several books, e.g., A Hill Prayer, 
 and Other Poems, Boston, 1904, and some 
 under her married name, e.g., Betty's Beau- 
 tiful Nights, New York, [1916]. WW 11 
 
 WILEY, FARIDA ANNA (May 23, 1887- 
 ), naturalist, was born in Sidney, 
 Shelby County. She was a member of the 
 Department of Education, American Mu- 
 seum of Natural History, 1921-55, and still 
 conducts classes for adults there. She has 
 edited several volumes in the Great Ameri- 
 can Naturalist series and has written a book 
 on ferns: Ferns of Northeastern United 
 States . . . , [Easton, Pa., 1936]. 
 
 WILEY, HUGH (Feb. 26, 1884- ), was 
 born in Zanesville, Muskingum County. He 
 worked as a construction engineer in the 
 United States, Canada, and Mexico, and 
 served as a captain during World War I. 
 He now lives in Berkeley, Calif. He has 
 published fiction in the Saturday Evening 
 Post and other national magazines and a 
 number of popular novels, e.g., Lady Luck, 
 New York, 1921. WW 25 
 
 WILHELM, DONALD GEORGE (Jan. 23, 
 1887-Feb. 25, 1945), lecturer, was born in 
 Defiance, Defiance County. After graduat- 
 ing from Harvard University in 1912, he 
 wrote articles and short stories for many 
 national magazines and lectured widely. 
 His books include The Story of Iron and 
 Steel, New York, 1935. WWW 2 
 
 WILKIN, ROBERT NUGEN (May 4, 1886- 
 ). lawyer and judge, was born in New 
 Philadelphia, Tuscarawas County. He grad- 
 uated from the University of Virginia law 
 school in 1908 and in the same year was 
 admitted to the Ohio bar. He practiced in 
 New Philadelphia and served as judge of 
 the U. S. District Court, 1939-49. He has 
 published legal articles and several books, 
 e.g., Eternal Lawyer, a Legal Biography of 
 Cicero, New York, 1947. WW 30 
 
 WILKINS, ERNEST HATCH (Sept. 14, 
 1880- ), educator, born in Newton 
 Centre, Mass., was president of Oberlin 
 College, 1927-46. A specialist in Italian 
 literature, he published textbooks, critical 
 and historical studies, and a collection of 
 essays: Living in Crisis, Boston, 1937. WW 
 30 
 
 WILLARD, FRANCES ELIZABETH CARO- 
 LINE (Sept. 28, 1839-Feb. 18, 1898). tem- 
 perance advocate, born in Churchville, 
 N. Y., spent a part of her girlhood in Ober- 
 lin, where her parents moved to attend 
 Oberlin College. A prolific writer, she pub- 
 lished many articles and books, including an 
 autobiography: Glimpses of Fifty Years 
 . . . , Boston, 1889. 
 
 WILLARD, THEODORE ARTHUR (Dec. 
 10, 1862-Feb. 3, 1943), manufacturer, born 
 in Castle Rock, Minn., lived in Cleveland. 
 He invented the Willard storage battery and 
 headed the Willard Storage Battery Com- 
 pany with headquarters in Cleveland. He 
 wrote a number of books, e.g., a novel, The 
 Wizard of Zacna . . . , Boston, [1929]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 WILLCOX, R. N. (July 20, 1831-Feb. 28, 
 1913), was born at Mystic River, Conn. In 
 1850 he went to California, and on his re- 
 turn in 1860 he traveled through the Midwest 
 in search of a desirable location for farm- 
 ing. He finally settled near Bowling Green 
 in 1870. He lived in other Ohio areas, and 
 when his book was published he was living 
 in Avery. His rambling account of his ad- 
 ventures contains digressions on spiritualism 
 and other subjects, but also contains vivid 
 descriptions of Gold Rush life. 
 Reminiscences. Of California Life. Being an 
 Abridged Description of Scenes Which the 
 Author Has Passed through in California 
 and Other Lands . . . , [Avery], 1897. 
 
 WILLENBORG, LEE L. (July 22, 1878- 
 Sept. 16, 1944), was born in Massillon, Stark 
 County. He studied at the Cleveland School 
 of Art and Drexel Institute. At the time of 
 his death he was living in Massachusetts. He 
 published Prep Scraps, Chicago, [1927]. 
 WWNAA 7 
 
 WILLIAMS, ALBERT B. (April 4, 1847- 
 Sept. 8, 1911), clergyman, was born in 
 Holmes County. After graduating from 
 Bethany College, he was ordained to the 
 ministry of the Disciples of Christ Church 
 in 1875 and served pastorates in Wadsworth 
 and Mount Vernon. He resigned from the 
 ministry in 1900 because of ill health. He 
 prepared a county history, published post- 
 humously: Past and Present of Knox County, 
 2 vols., Indianapolis, 1912. 
 
 WILLIAMS, ALBERT RHYS (Sept. 28, 
 1883- ), was born in Greenwich, Huron 
 County. He graduated from Marietta College 
 in 1904 and Hartford Theological Seminary 
 in 1907. He was minister and director of 
 Maverick Church and Forum, Boston, 1907- 
 
 l 
 
Williams, Alfred 
 
 688 
 
 14. He was an assistant in the Commis- 
 sariat for Foreign Affairs, Russia, 1917-18, 
 and afterward made three extended visits in 
 Russia to study the folk life and customs. 
 He has published a number of books on Rus- 
 sia, e.g., The Russian Land, New York, 1927. 
 WW 30 
 
 WILLIAMS, ALFRED (1829-Feb. 8, 1901), 
 was born in Fairfield County. In 1856 he 
 settled in Circleville, where he later edited 
 the Union-Herald. He was appointed to a 
 post in the State Department by President 
 Hayes and remained in that position until 
 his death. 
 
 The Inter-Oceanic Canal and the Monroe 
 Doctrine . . . , New York, 1880. 
 
 WILLIAMS, ARTHUR BALDWIN (April 
 11, 1874-Aug. 18, 1951), naturalist, born 
 in Montclair, N. J., lived in Cleveland for 
 more than forty years. On the staff of the 
 Cleveland Museum of Natural History, he 
 wrote numerous articles, books on birds and 
 geology of Cuyahoga County, and The Na- 
 tive Forests of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, 
 Cleveland, 1949. 
 
 WILLIAMS, BEN AMES (March 7, 1889- 
 Feb. 4, 1953), was born at the home of his 
 maternal grandparents in Macon, Miss. 
 Soon after his birth his parents returned 
 to his father's home in Jackson. Here Ben 
 Ames's father, Daniel Webster Williams 
 (q.v.), became editor and owner of the 
 Jackson Standard Journal. Ben Ames's roots 
 were deep in Ohio. His paternal grand- 
 father came direct from Wales to Oak Hill. 
 His mother's people settled Ames Town- 
 ship, Athens County, soon after Marietta 
 was settled. His father and mother met at 
 Ohio University. When Ben was fourteen 
 he went East to preparatory school and 
 then to Dartmouth. After graduating from 
 college he returned to Jackson for a short 
 time to manage his father's newspaper, 
 while the latter served in the Ohio senate. 
 In 1910 he began his writing career as a 
 reporter on the Boston American. He 
 worked for the newspaper for four years, 
 but he said, "Every night of those four 
 years I was trying to write short stories." 
 He achieved spectacular success as a 
 short-story writer soon after he resigned 
 from the newspaper. In 1917 the Saturday 
 Evening Post published one of his stories, 
 and for many years thereafter it published 
 a great many Ben Ames stories. A number 
 of his short stories were collected and pub- 
 lished, by popular demand, in Thrifty 
 Stock (1923) and Fraternity Village 
 (1949). His first novel was published in 
 
 1919: All the Brothers Were Valiant, and 
 he soon became one of the most popular 
 novelists of his day, writing many best- 
 sellers. He wrote some 35 novels before his 
 untimely death. His writing ranged over a 
 wide field: psychological studies (Leave 
 Her to Heaven, 1944); sociological studies 
 (Time of Peace, 1942); adventure stories 
 (The Silver Forest, 1926); historical nov- 
 els (House Divided, 1947); regional studies 
 (Owen Glen, 1950). House Divided was the 
 novel Williams said he had always wanted 
 to write. It is a family story before and 
 during the Civil War. He said it represented 
 some fifteen years of preparatory thought 
 and study, topped by 52 months of con- 
 centrated labor. The novel shows his re- 
 markable ability to present two sides of an 
 issue and be fair to each. Owen Glen is the 
 novel his Ohio friends had always wanted 
 him to write — the story of the Welsh in 
 Ohio. The scene is his own county of Jack- 
 son and the book is the story of a boy, Owen 
 Glen, growing to manhood in the local min- 
 ing community. There are two central charac- 
 ters, Owen Glen and the local newspaper 
 editor. Between the boy and the editor is a 
 beautiful relationship which is based on 
 the author's memory of his own father. All 
 who knew Ben Ames were aware of his 
 deep devotion to his mother and father, 
 and in Owen Glen he memorializes this re- 
 lationship. The author develops three 
 themes in Owen Glen: the youth of the 
 United States in the 1890s, the birth and 
 growth of the United Miners' Union, and 
 the story of the small American town of 
 yesterday. He does this largely by using 
 the editorials and personals that appeared 
 in his father's newspaper. Ben Ames had 
 talked often of wanting to write a good 
 Ohio novel, and he succeeded in giving an 
 excellent study of Jackson County in the 
 latter part of the nineteenth century. Mr. 
 Williams once said that he was no born 
 writer, but one who succeeded by virtue of 
 sheer energy, persistence, and hard work. 
 He was a painstaking student of social his- 
 tory and traveled widely for the purpose of 
 gaining insight into human nature in differ- 
 ent locales. His books are crowded with 
 details of everyday life but they are ani- 
 mated with action. His material is well or- 
 ganized; many of his descriptive passages 
 are memorable, some of his characters are 
 unusually well developed, and the reader is 
 impressed by his quality of tolerance. 
 Above all, Ben Ames Williams was a mas- 
 ter raconteur, a skill which contributed no 
 small part to his happy and successful writ- 
 ing career. 
 
 Florence R. Head 
 
689 
 
 Williams, E. I. F. 
 
 WILLIAMS, BERTYE YOUNG (Mrs. Karl 
 H.) (Feb. 25, 1876-Feb. 15, 1951), was 
 born in Hamersville, Brown County, but 
 spent most of her life in Cincinnati. She 
 was active in cultural activities in that city, 
 and with Annette P. Cornell (q.v.) she 
 founded Talaria, a poetry quarterly. Her 
 poems appeared in numerous magazines, 
 newspapers, and anthologies, and she pub- 
 lished several collections, e.g., House of 
 Happiness, New York, 1928. WWW 3 
 
 WILLIAMS, BERYL (Nov. 15, 1910- ), 
 was born in Columbus, Franklin County. 
 After graduating from New Jersey College 
 for Women in 1932, she did newspaper 
 and editorial work until 1940; since then 
 she has devoted herself to free-lance writ- 
 ing. She married Samuel Epstein in 1938 
 and now lives in Long Island, N. Y. As 
 Beryl Williams she has written several 
 nonfktion books, e.g., Lillian Wald: An- 
 gel of Henry Street, New York, [1948]. She 
 and her husband have collaborated on many 
 books for children, some published under 
 their own names and some under various 
 pen names: e.g., as Adam Allen, Dollar a 
 Share, New York, [1943], and as Douglas 
 Coe, Road to Alaska, [New York, 1943], 
 WW AW 1 
 
 WILLIAMS, BYRON (April 22, 1843-Feb. 
 15, 1915), was born near East Liberty, 
 Clermont County. After attending Ohio 
 Wesleyan University, he taught and served 
 as school superintendent in Williamsburg 
 and Milford. He lectured widely on his- 
 torical and military subjects. In his later 
 years he devoted himself to local history, 
 and wrote articles and books, e.g., History 
 of Clermont and Brown Counties . . . , 
 2 vols., Milford, 1913. 
 
 WILLIAMS, CAROLINE LOUISE RANSOM 
 
 (Feb. 24, 1872-Feb. 1, 1952), Egyptologist, 
 was born in Toledo, Lucas County. After 
 graduating from Mount Holyoke College in 
 1896, she taught at Lake Erie College, stud- 
 ied at the University of Berlin (1900-03), 
 and completed her doctorate at the Univer- 
 sity of Chicago in 1905. She taught at Brvn 
 Mawr College, 1905-10, and was a curator 
 in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New 
 York City, 1910-16. After marrying Grant 
 Williams, a Toledo realtor, in 1916. she 
 lived in Toledo. Widely honored as an 
 archaeologist, she wrote technical articles 
 and monographs, many published under 
 her maiden name, e.g., The Stela of 
 Menthuweser, New York, 1913. 
 
 WILLIAMS, CHARLES DAVID (July 30, 
 1860-Feb. 14, 1923), clergyman, was born 
 
 in Bellevue, Huron County. He graduated 
 from Kenyon College in 1880 and was or- 
 dained deacon in the Episcopal Church in 
 1883 and priest in 1884. He served as 
 rector of Fernbank and Riverside, 1884— 
 89, and of Trinity Church, Steubenville, 
 1889-93, as dean of Trinity Cathedral, 
 Cleveland, 1893-1906, and as bishop of 
 Michigan, 1906-23. A liberal thinker, he 
 believed that the church should take a 
 stand on political and social issues. His 
 views were expressed in several books, e.g., 
 The Christian Ministry and Social Prob- 
 lems, New York, 1917. DAB 20 
 
 WILLIAMS, CHARLES LUTHER (June 8, 
 1851-Aug. 5, 1933), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Imlaystown, N. J. He 
 graduated from Princeton University in 
 1878, became a Baptist minister, and taught 
 English literature at Denison University, 
 1893-1921. He died in Granville. His writ- 
 ings include The American Student and the 
 Rhodes Scholarships . . . , Detroit, 1903. 
 WWW 1 
 
 WILLIAMS, DANIEL JENKINS (Dec. 22, 
 1874-May 29, 1952), clergyman, was born 
 in Genesee, Wis. He graduated from the 
 University of Wisconsin in 1899, Union 
 Theological Seminary in 1903, and Ohio 
 State University (Ph.D.) in 1914. He served 
 Presbyterian churches in Columbus, 1907— 
 11 and 1923-33. and was also a pastor in 
 Wisconsin, Iowa, and Florida. He wrote 
 One Hundred Years of Welsh Calvinistic 
 Methodism in America, Philadelphia, 1937. 
 WWC 1 
 
 WILLIAMS, DANIEL WEBSTER (Oct. 31, 
 1862-July 8, 1932), journalist, father of 
 Ben Ames Williams (q.v.), was born in 
 Jackson County. He attended Ohio Univer- 
 sity and in 1887 married Sara Ames, a 
 niece of General James Longstreet. He 
 taught school for eight years and was edi- 
 tor of the Jackson Standard-Journal for 
 forty years. He served as American consul 
 at Cardiff, Wales, 1905-07. 
 A History of Jackson County, Ohio, Jack- 
 son, 1900. 
 
 WILLIAMS, EDWARD IRWIN FRANKLIN 
 
 (June 22. 1886- ), educator, was born 
 in Wooster, Wayne County. He graduated 
 from Heidelberg College in 1914 and Co- 
 lumbia University (Ph.D.) in 1941. He 
 was a member of the education department, 
 Heidelberg College, 1915-56, and also 
 served as registrar, 1938-51. He wrote a 
 history of Heidelberg College and a bi- 
 ography: Horace Mann, Educational States- 
 man, New York, 1937. WW 29 
 
Williams, E. T. 
 
 690 
 
 WILLIAMS, EDWARD THOMAS (Oct. 17, 
 1854-Jan. 27, 1944), clergyman, was born 
 in Columbus, Franklin County. After grad- 
 uating from Bethany College in 1875, he 
 was ordained to the ministry of the Dis- 
 ciples of Christ Church. He served as pas- 
 tor in various cities, 1875-87, and as a 
 missionary in China, 1887-96; but later 
 became a Unitarian. He was an official of 
 the U. S. State Department in China, 1896- 
 1918, and a member of the University of 
 California faculty, 1918-27. He published 
 a number of magazine articles and China 
 Yesterday and To-day, New York, [1923]. 
 WWW 2 
 
 WILLIAMS, EGERTON RYERSON (Feb. 1, 
 1873-Feb. 13, 1925), lawyer, was born in 
 Toledo, Lucas County. He graduated from 
 Yale University in 1894 and Albany Law 
 School in 1896. Admitted to the New York 
 bar in 1896, he practiced in Rochester un- 
 til 1907, after which time he lived in Italy. 
 He wrote several books on Italy, e.g., Hill 
 Towns of Italy, Boston, 1903. WW 6 
 
 WILLIAMS, FRANKWOOD EARL (May 18, 
 1883-Sept. 24, 1936), neurologist, was born 
 in Cardington, Morrow County. He grad- 
 uated from the University of Wisconsin in 
 1907 and completed his medical studies at 
 the University of Michigan in 1912. He was 
 for many years associated with the National 
 Committee for Mental Hygiene. He wrote 
 articles, textbooks, and Russia, Youth, and 
 the Present-Day World . . . , New York, 
 [1934]. WWW 1 
 
 WILLIAMS, GEORGE WASHINGTON (Oct. 
 16, 1849-Aug. 4, 1891), was born in Penn- 
 sylvania. After serving in the army during 
 the Civil War and in the Mexican army, he 
 came to Cincinnati in 1876 as pastor of the 
 Union Baptist Church. He read law in the 
 office of Alphonso Taft and was admitted 
 to the Ohio bar. While preparing a Fourth 
 of July oration, he became interested in the 
 history of his race and spent the next six 
 years compiling History of the Negro Race 
 in America from 1619 to 1880 . . . , New 
 York, [1882]. In 1883 he moved to Boston, 
 where he wrote a history of Negro troops in 
 the Civil War. He died in Blackpool, Eng- 
 land. 
 
 WILLIAMS, JOHN CLARK (May 6, 1877- 
 Sept. 7, 1947), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Walnut Grove, Logan County. 
 He graduated from Ohio State University 
 in 1904. He was pastor of Methodist 
 churches in Whitehouse, Arlington, Middle- 
 town, and Columbus, and was on the fac- 
 
 ulty of Kansas City University and was 
 president of Westminster College, Tehua- 
 cana, Texas. He published The Man of God 
 . . . .Tehuacana, Texas, [1916]. WWW 2 
 
 WILLIAMS, JOHN FLETCHER (Sept. 25, 
 1834-April 28, 1895), librarian and his- 
 torian, was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton 
 County. In 1852 he graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University, and three years later 
 he went to St. Paul, Minn., where he be- 
 came a journalist. He was secretary and 
 librarian of the Minnesota Historical So- 
 ciety, 1867-93. He contributed many ar- 
 ticles to the Collections published by the 
 Society, compiled a bibliography of Min- 
 nesota, and also wrote a family history. He 
 died in Rochester, Minn. 
 The Early History of St. Paul . . . , [St. 
 
 Paul], 1867. 
 History of the Newspaper Press of St. 
 
 Paul . . . , [St. Paul, 1871]. 
 A History of the City of St. Paul, and 
 
 of the County of Ramsey, Minnesota, 
 
 St. Paul, 1876. 
 A Tribute to the Memory of Rev. Harvey 
 
 Shipp Widney . . . , St. Paul, 1888. 
 
 WILLIAMS, JOHN SHOEBRIDGE (1790- 
 April 22, 1878), was born in Carteret 
 County, N. C. In 1800 his widowed mother 
 brought him to Belmont County, where he 
 attended local schools, including one 
 headed by Aquila M. Bolton (q.v.), and 
 learned surveying from their landlord, the 
 versatile Horton J. Howard. He taught 
 school in Barnesville and in 1812 went to 
 Pennsylvania, where he worked on the 
 construction of roads and canals. He sur- 
 veyed the right of way for the Chesapeake 
 and Ohio Canal, but seems to have fallen 
 into disfavor with his superiors because of 
 his advocacy of the substitution of railroads 
 for certain projected sections of the canal. 
 In 1826 he returned to Ohio, where he sur- 
 veyed and superintended construction on 
 the National Road, the Maysville Pike, and 
 other roads. Not only was Williams one of 
 the first professional engineers in the Mid- 
 west to advocate construction of railroads, 
 but in 1835 he was associated with Daniel 
 Drake and Edward D. Mansfield (qq.v. ) in 
 promoting a railroad from Cincinnati to 
 Charleston, S. C. Apparently competent 
 and progressive, Williams gained neither 
 fame nor fortune from his professional 
 career. Little is known of his personal life. 
 The rare glimpses caught through random 
 references are not very revealing. He was 
 the only Ohio buyer present at the auction 
 of Thomas Jefferson's library in 1829 and 
 bought several lots of books. In his other- 
 
691 
 
 Williams, Samuel 
 
 wise technical Report of the Engineer to 
 the President of the Hanging Rock and 
 Lawrence Furnace Railroad Company, he 
 inserted a historical account of the colorful, 
 now all but forgotten Ohio River town of 
 Hanging Rock — an incongruity that dem- 
 onstrates his abiding interest in pioneer life 
 in Ohio. It is as the founding editor of the 
 American Pioneer that he will be remem- 
 bered. The first number of this monthly 
 periodical was published in Chillicothe in 
 Jan., 1842, at a time when Williams was 
 engaged in several engineering projects. On 
 completing these engagements in October, 
 he moved the editorial offices to Cincinnati, 
 where he maintained his residence for a 
 number of years. The statement "Devoted 
 to the objects of the Logan Historical So- 
 ciety" on the title page has led bibliogra- 
 phers and historians to assume that the 
 American Pioneer was the official publica- 
 tion of that body. However, statements in 
 the text and on the wrappers make it evi- 
 dent that it was a private enterprise. Its 
 quasi-official character probably brought 
 contributions that would not otherwise have 
 been received. S. P. Hildreth (q.v.), Lyman 
 Draper, Felix Renick, Neville Craig, and 
 Elisha Whittlesey (q.v.), were among 
 those who contributed valuable articles and 
 notes. Firsthand accounts of pioneer life, 
 personal narratives, descriptions of Indian 
 warfare, and biographical sketches of pio- 
 neers have served to make the work of 
 unique value to students of the early his- 
 tory of the Ohio Valley. In closing the first 
 volume, he announced the completion of 
 all professional engagements and indicated 
 that it was his intention to devote his entire 
 time to editing volume two, stating on the 
 verso of the back wrapper, "All that we pos- 
 sess is at stake upon the issue." Complain- 
 ing of the sedentary life he was leading and 
 his resultant poor health, he suspended 
 publication with number 10 of volume II 
 in Oct., 1843. In the final number he wrote, 
 "Ten fine children have in times past sat 
 around my table. Other kinds of wealth I 
 never was adept at either collecting or 
 keeping together." With this valedictory he 
 abandoned his magazine and returned to 
 engineering. He died in Viola, Iowa, at the 
 home of a son. 
 
 Yeatman Anderson, III 
 
 Report of the Engineer to the Association 
 for the Promotion of Internal Improve- 
 ments in the State of Kentucky, [n.p., 
 1829]. 
 
 Address to an Enterprising Public upon the 
 Improvements of Roads, and the Intro- 
 duction of Track Roads, (with John Hart- 
 man), Cincinnati, 1833. 
 
 Fulton, O. Citizens. Railroad Proceedings 
 and Address of Fulton and Vicinity, to 
 the People of Ohio, Cincinnati, 1835. 
 
 Report of the Engineer to the President of 
 the Hanging Rock and Lawrence Furnace 
 Railroad Company, Cincinnati, 1837. 
 
 A True History of the Massacre of Ninety- 
 six Christian Indians at Gnaddenhutton 
 . . . , New Philadelphia, 1841. 
 
 WILLIAMS, KENNETH POWERS (Aug. 
 25, 1887-Sept. 25, 1958), educator, was 
 born in Urbana, Champaign County. He 
 graduated from Indiana University in 1908, 
 began teaching mathematics there in 1909, 
 and earned his doctorate at Princeton Uni- 
 versity in 1913. He published several math- 
 ematics textbooks and technical scientific 
 works; and he also wrote an excellent book 
 on the Civil War: Lincoln Finds a Gen- 
 eral . . . , New York, 1949. WWW 3 
 
 WILLIAMS, LEWIS JAMES (March 4, 
 1877-June 11, 1949), was born in Green 
 Bay, Wis., and spent his boyhood in New 
 York City, but passed most of his adult 
 life in Toledo. He served on several Toledo 
 newspapers and at the time of his death 
 was manager of Smith & Biler, Toledo. His 
 poems appeared in various periodicals, and 
 he published at least two collections, e.g., 
 Down the Road with the Buckeye Poet, To- 
 ledo, 1923. 
 
 WILLIAMS, NATHAN WINSLOW (Aug. 26, 
 1860-Dec. 29, 1924), lawyer, was born in 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He studied 
 at Baltimore City College, Johns Hopkins 
 University, and Columbia Law School. Ad- 
 mitted to the Maryland bar in 1883, he 
 practiced in Baltimore and spent the rest of 
 his life in that city. Under the pen name 
 Richard Dallas, he wrote A Master Hand; 
 The Story of a Crime, New York, 1903. 
 WWW 1 
 
 WILLIAMS, SAMUEL (1786-1859), born in 
 Carlisle, Pa., arrived in Chillicothe in 1807. 
 He moved to Cincinnati in 1815, when he 
 became chief clerk of the Surveyor Gen- 
 eral's office, and resided there until his 
 death. He seems to have started accumulat- 
 ing original historical source documents on 
 his first arrival in Ohio, and in 1839 he or- 
 ganized the Western Methodist Historical 
 Society in an unsuccessful attempt to find 
 a safe repository for his large collection. 
 In Sept., 1839, he submitted a memorial 
 to the Methodist Conference in Cincinnati 
 which resulted in starting the Ladies' Re- 
 pository, a periodical destined to be the 
 longest lived and most successful literary 
 
Williams, Samuel W. 
 
 692 
 
 magazine published west of the Allegheny 
 Mountains. Not only was he the founding 
 father of this distinguished periodical, but 
 he was also its managing editor and was 
 largely responsible for its liberal editorial 
 policy. Beginning in 1851 he contributed in 
 fourteen installments, over a period of four 
 years, his valuable series of personal mem- 
 oirs entitled Leaves from an Autobiogra- 
 phy. Therein he gave an account of his ex- 
 periences in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and 
 Ohio from 1790 to 1815. This work is prob- 
 ably the most valuable source on the early 
 days of the Kanawha River country. His 
 Two Western Campaigns in the War of 
 1812-13 was published in the Ohio Valley 
 Historical Series, Cincinnati, 1871. Peter 
 Thomson in his Bibliography (1246) stated 
 that the work was not published separately. 
 However, Robert Clarke & Company pub- 
 lished Williams' work in a pamphlet of 
 53 pages, bound in their familiar blue paper 
 wrappers. 
 
 Two Western Campaigns in the War of 
 1812 . . . , Cincinnati, 1871. 
 
 WILLIAMS, SAMUEL WESLEY (1827-Feb. 
 14, 1928), clergyman and educator, was 
 born in Chillicothe, Ross County. His fa- 
 ther, Samuel Williams (q.v.), founded the 
 Ladies' Repository, published in Cincinnati. 
 After graduating from Ohio Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity in 1848, he taught at Ohio Wes- 
 leyan and at McKenohee College, 111., and 
 later served on the editorial staff of the 
 Methodist Book Concern. He died at the 
 age of 100 in Wyoming, Hamilton County. 
 He wrote Pictures of Early Methodism in 
 Ohio, Cincinnati, [1909]. 
 
 WILLIAMS, STEPHEN RIGGS (Aug. 22, 
 1870-Feb. 24, 1954), educator, was born 
 in Kalgan, North China. He graduated from 
 Oberlin College in 1892, taught for two 
 years in Lima, and graduated from Har- 
 vard University (Ph.D.) in 1898. He joined 
 the Miami University faculty in 1900 and 
 taught there until his retirement in 1940. 
 Besides articles and monographs in the 
 field of zoology, he published a book of 
 local history: The Saga of Paddy's Run, 
 Oxford, 1945. WW 21 
 
 WILLIAMS, STEPHEN WEST (March 27, 
 1790-July 6, 1855), physician and educa- 
 tor, was born in Deerfield, Mass. He read 
 medicine under his father, practiced and 
 taught medicine, and was a lecturer at Wil- 
 loughby University, 1838-53. He wrote 
 genealogical works, a textbook on medi- 
 cal jurisprudence, and American Medical 
 Biography . . . , Greenfield, Mass., 1845. 
 
 WILLIAMS, SUSAN MARY (June 27, 1905- 
 ), educator, was born in Dayton, Mont- 
 gomery County. A teacher in the Dayton 
 public schools, she has written a story for 
 young children: Toby, the Little Lost Dog, 
 New York, 1942. 
 
 WILLIAMS, THOMAS JEFFERSON (Nov. 
 30, 1840-Feb. 3, 1907), born in Oneida 
 County, N. Y., came to Jackson County in 
 1854. He worked at the iron furnaces in 
 the summers and attended district schools 
 in the winters. In 1861 he enrolled at Ohio 
 University, but on the outbreak of war he 
 enlisted in the 56th O.V.I, and served for 
 four and a half years, rising to the rank 
 of first lieutenant. After the war he was 
 in the iron business in Jackson until 1887, 
 and later served two terms as clerk of 
 courts. 
 
 An Historical Sketch of the 56th Ohio Vol- 
 unteer Infantry . . . , Columbus, 1899. 
 
 WILLIAMS, WALTER ROLLIN (March 10, 
 1884- ), missionary, was born in Wash- 
 ington Township, Union County. He at- 
 tended high school in Hardin County and 
 graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University 
 in 1907. He was recorded a minister of the 
 Friends Church in 1908, served in various 
 communities, and was a missionary in 
 China, 1909-27. He was missionary super- 
 intendent of the Friends Church, 1943-54. 
 He now lives in Damascus, Columbiana 
 County. He has published three books on 
 missionary work, e.g., These Fifty Years 
 with Ohio Friends in China . . . , Damas- 
 cus, [1940]. 
 
 WILLIAMS, WHITING (March 11, 1878- 
 ), was born in Shelby, Richland 
 County. After graduating from Oberlin 
 College in 1899, he studied for a year in 
 Germany and for another year at the Uni- 
 versity of Chicago. He was manager of the 
 Bureau of University Travel, 1901-04, as- 
 sistant to the president, Oberlin College, 
 1904-12, and executive secretary of Cleve- 
 land Welfare Federation, 1912-16. He now 
 lives in Cleveland. He studied labor condi- 
 tions in Europe and the United States and 
 lectured and wrote on problems of labor 
 and management, e.g., Horny Hands and 
 Hampered Elbows . . . , New York, 1922. 
 WW 28 
 
 WILLIAMS, WILLIAM ASBURY (May 30, 
 1854-May 6, 1938), clergyman, was born 
 in Beallsville. Monroe County. He gradu- 
 ated from Franklin College in 1876 and 
 Western Theological Seminary in 1880, and 
 was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry 
 
693 
 
 Wilmore 
 
 in 1885. He taught at Franklin College, 
 1880-87, and served as president, 1887- 
 1901. In 1902 he moved to Moundsville, 
 W. Va., and in 1908 he moved to Phila- 
 delphia. After 1920 he lived in Camden, 
 N. J. He wrote The Evolution of Man Sci- 
 entifically Disproved, Camden, 1925. 
 
 WILLIAMS, WILLIAM GEORGE (Feb. 25, 
 1822-1902). clergyman and educator, son 
 of Samuel Williams (q.v. ), was born in 
 Chillicothe, Ross County, but his parents 
 moved to Cincinnati when he was seven 
 years old, and he grew up in that city. After 
 graduating from Woodward College in 1844, 
 he became principal of the preparatory de- 
 partment, Ohio Wesleyan University, and in 
 1847 he was elected to the faculty to teach 
 ancient languages. He became a Methodist 
 minister in 1856 and was secretary of the 
 Central Ohio Conference for many years. 
 He published a grammar textbook in 1887 
 which was widely used, and he also wrote 
 two books on religious themes, e.g., Bap- 
 tism . . . , Cincinnati, [1901]. WWW 1 
 
 WILLIAMSON, CHARLES W. (May 12, 
 
 1835-Dec. 31, 1919), educator, was born 
 on a farm in Perry County. He taught 
 school in order to finance his education at 
 Heidelberg College and also studied law at 
 Cleveland Union Law School. He served as 
 superintendent of schools in Napoleon, New 
 Bremen, and Wapakoneta. his longest ten- 
 ure being in the latter community. He pub- 
 lished History of Western Ohio and Au- 
 glaize County . . . , Columbus, 1905. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, FIELD. Pseud. See Hope 
 Field. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, HORACE GREELY (May 
 1, 1880-Dec. 30, 1943), was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He attended Cin- 
 cinnati public schools and the Curry School 
 of Acting, Boston, Mass. He appeared on 
 Chautauqua platforms, reading his own 
 humorous poems and stories. He was for 
 some time secretary of the Cincinnati Ro- 
 tary Club and was director of advertising 
 for the Baldwin Piano Co. 
 Old Hollyhocks, and Other Poems and 
 
 Recitations, Cincinnati, 1900. 
 Things Worth While . . . , Cincinnati, 
 [1906]. 
 
 WILLIAMSON, ISAAC DOWD (April 4, 
 1807-Nov. 26, 1876), clergyman, was born 
 in Pomfret, Vt. A Universalist minister, he 
 began preaching in Albany, N. Y. He 
 preached in several other cities before com- 
 ing to Cincinnati, where he was pastor of 
 
 Plum Street Church. His death occurred at 
 Anderson's Ferry, five miles below Cincin- 
 nati. He edited several religious newspa- 
 pers, including The Star of the West. 
 Besides sermons and books defending the 
 Universalist faith, he was an active worker 
 in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows 
 and wrote The Philosophy of Odd Fellow- 
 ship and other works on the principles and 
 ideals of that organization. In his writings 
 he used his religious beliefs to defend 
 fraternal groups. 
 An Argument for the Truth of Christianity, 
 
 New York, 1836. 
 Exposition and Defense of Universalism, 
 
 New York, 1840. 
 The Philosophy of Universalism . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1866. 
 An Examination of the Doctrine of Endless 
 
 Punishment . . . , Cincinnati, 1867. 
 Rudiments of Theological and Moral Sci- 
 ence, Cincinnati, 1870. 
 
 WILLIARD, GEORGE WASHINGTON 
 
 (June 10, 1818-Sept. 17, 1900), clergyman 
 and educator, was born in Frederick 
 County, Md. He graduated from Marshall 
 (Franklin and Marshall) College in 1838 
 and was ordained to the ministry of the Re- 
 formed Church in 1840. After serving 
 churches in Columbus and Dayton, he was 
 elected president of Heidelberg College in 
 1866 and served until 1890. He then taught 
 at Ursinus College, but in 1895 he returned 
 to Dayton, where he organized a church 
 ind lived until his death. Besides the titles 
 below, he published a text on comparative 
 religion and edited an anthology for family 
 reading. 
 The History of Heidelberg College . . . , 
 
 Cincinnati, 1879. 
 Life, Work and Character of Henry Leon- 
 ard, Dayton, 1890. 
 
 WILLKIE, WENDELL LEWIS (Feb. 18, 
 1892-Oct. 8, 1944), unsuccessful candidate 
 for the Presidency in 1940, born in Elwood, 
 Ind., practiced law in Akron, 1919-29. He 
 left Akron to become an attorney for the 
 Commonwealth Southern Corporation; he 
 became its president in 1933, and his strug- 
 gle against the Tennessee Valley Authority 
 first brought him national prominence. Dur- 
 ing and after the 1940 campaign, many of 
 his speeches were published. His most im- 
 portant book was One World, New York. 
 1943. WWW 2 
 
 WILMORE, AUGUSTUS CLELAND (June 
 2, 1849-April 24, 1933), clergyman and ed- 
 ucator, was born in Jackson, Jackson 
 County. After studying at DePauw Univer- 
 
Wilshire 
 
 694 
 
 sity, he taught school in Indiana, 1867— 
 77. He was pastor of United Brethren 
 churches in Indiana, 1877-1918. He died 
 in Winchester, Ind. He wrote History of the 
 White River Conference of the Church of 
 the Brethren . . . , Indianapolis, 1925. 
 
 WILSHIRE, HENRY GAYLORD (June 7, 
 1861-Sept. 7, 1927), was born in Cincin- 
 nati, Hamilton County. He attended Wood- 
 ward High School and Harvard University. 
 He became a merchant in 1884, and in 
 1900 he became publisher of Wilshire' s 
 Magazine, which he continued publishing 
 and editing under various titles until 1915. 
 He appears to have established some sort 
 of a record as an itinerant officeseeker, hav- 
 ing been Socialist candidate for the House 
 of Commons, from Manchester, England, 
 in 1894, candidate for the Canadian Parlia- 
 ment in 1902, and candidate for Congress 
 from New York in 1904. He died in New 
 York City. His writings include Socialism 
 Inevitable, New York, [1907]. 
 
 WILSON, CALVIN DILL (July 12, 1857- 
 April 28, 1946), clergyman, born in Balti- 
 more, Md., was pastor of Presbyterian 
 churches in Franklin, 1893-1903, and Glen- 
 dale, 1903-32. After his retirement he con- 
 tinued to live in Glendale. He edited a 
 book of Bible stories for children in 1896. 
 He wrote other books for children, poetry, 
 and religious discussions, e.g., The Divine 
 Religion of Humanity, Philadelphia, 1902. 
 WWW 2 
 
 WILSON, EARL (May 3, 1907- ), jour- 
 nalist, was born in Rockford, Mercer 
 County. He spent two years at Heidelberg 
 College and graduated from Ohio State 
 University in 1931. He became night-club 
 editor and columnist for the New York 
 Post in 1942 and has published several 
 books, e.g., Pikes Peek or Bust, New York, 
 1946. He assisted in the writing of the au- 
 tobiography of his fellow Ohioan, the ani- 
 mal trainer, Clyde Beatty, born in Bain- 
 bridge in 1905: Jungle Performers, New 
 York, [1941]. WW 30 
 
 WILSON, EDWARD STANSBURY (Oct. 6, 
 1841-Dec. 18, 1919), journalist, was born 
 in Newark, Licking County. He served in 
 the Civil War, 1862-65, with the 91st 
 O.V.I. He was owner and editor of the 
 Ironton Register, 1865-99, U. S. marshall 
 in Puerto Rico, 1900-05, and editor of the 
 Ohio State Journal, 1905-19. 
 An Oriental Outing . . . , Cincinnati, 1894. 
 Keynotes of Education . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1898. 
 
 Political Development of Porto Rico, Co- 
 lumbus, 1905. 
 
 The Poetry of Eating . . . , Columbus, 
 1908. 
 
 WILSON, MRS. E. GRAHAM. See Edna E. 
 C. Spencer. 
 
 WILSON, ELLA GRANT (Sept. 7, 1854- 
 Dec. 16, 1939), florist, born in Jersey City, 
 N. J., was brought to Cleveland when she 
 was six years old. She operated a florist's 
 shop and was widely known in Cleveland 
 as a floral arranger, decorating homes for 
 weddings and other occasions. She was 
 garden editor of the Plain Dealer, 1918-24. 
 She wrote Famous Old Euclid Avenue of 
 Cleveland . . . , [Cleveland], 1932. 
 
 WILSON, ERASMUS (June 10, 1842-Jan. 
 14, 1922), journalist, was born in Belmont 
 County. He served in the Civil War with 
 the 98th O.V.I., and after the war he wrote 
 for several newspapers in Pittsburgh, where 
 he made his home until his death. The first 
 book below is made up of articles that orig- 
 inally appeared in the Pittsburgh Dispatch. 
 Quiet Observations on the Ways of the 
 
 World, New York, 1886. 
 Standard History of Pittsburgh . . . , (with 
 
 Weston A. Goodspeed), Chicago, 1898. 
 
 WILSON, FRAZER ELLS (Sept. 10, 1871- 
 July 17, 1958), merchant and historian, 
 was born in Dallas (Ansonia), Darke 
 County. He settled in Greenville in 1873 
 and spent his entire life there except for a 
 few years in Dayton. He operated a dry 
 goods store in Greenville. 1892-1937, and 
 made history his avocation. In 1901 he 
 helped to found the Greenville museum and 
 served for some time as its curator. He 
 wrote his first book on the occasion of the 
 centennial of the Treaty of Greenville, and 
 wrote another for the sesquicentennial. He 
 died in Dayton. 
 
 The Treaty of Greenville . . . , Piqua, 1894. 
 The Peace of Mad Anthony, Greenville, 
 
 [1909]. 
 History of Darke County . . . , 2 vols., Mil- 
 ford, 1914. 
 Advancing the Ohio Frontier . . . , Blan- 
 
 chester, 1937. 
 Arthur St. Clair . . . , Richmond, [Va., 
 
 1944]. 
 Around the Council Fire . . . , Greenville, 
 
 1945. 
 Fort Jefferson, the Frontier Post of the 
 
 Upper Miami Vallev . . . , [Greenville?, 
 
 1950]. 
 
 WILSON, GILBERT LIVINGSTONE (1868- 
 
 June 9. 1930), was born in Clifton, Clark 
 
695 
 
 Wilson, M. L. 
 
 County. He graduated from Wittenberg 
 College in 1896 and also attended Prince- 
 ton Theological Seminary and the Univer- 
 sity of Minnesota. At the time of his death 
 he lived in St. Paul, Minn. For the Ameri- 
 can Museum of Natural History, he con- 
 ducted research among the Mandan Indians 
 of North Dakota. His writings include 
 Myths of the Red Children . . . , Boston, 
 1907. 
 
 WILSON, GROVE (Dec. 6, 1883-Oct. 11, 
 1954), journalist and editor, was born in 
 Greenville, Darke County, and attended 
 public schools there. He worked on news- 
 papers in Minnesota, Maryland, and New 
 York, and was on the editorial staff of Pop- 
 ular Science Monthly and other magazines. 
 He wrote several novels, e.g., Sport of the 
 Gods . . . , New York, 1926, and a biog- 
 raphy of Jane Welsh Carlyle: Tempera- 
 mental Jane . . . , New York, 1931. WWW 
 3 
 
 WILSON, HENRY H. (Jan. 1, 1854-June 
 28, 1941), lawyer, was born in Sandusky 
 County and attended Bryan Academy be- 
 fore moving to Lincoln, Neb., where he 
 practiced law and taught at the University 
 of Nebraska. Charles T. Fairfield edited 
 Wilson's Occasional Addresses . . . , Lin- 
 coln, Neb., 1929. WWW 1 
 
 WILSON, JOHN ALFRED (July 25, 1832- 
 March 28, 1904), was born near Worthing- 
 ton, Franklin County. When he was seven- 
 teen, he moved with his father to a farm 
 near Haskins, Wood County, and, except 
 for his war service, he spent the rest of his 
 life in that area. A member of the 21st 
 O.V.I. , he took part in the Andrews Raid, 
 when 22 volunteers, a number of them 
 from northwest Ohio, attempted to destroy 
 the rail line between Marietta, Ga., and 
 Chattanooga, Tenn. The raiders stole a 
 Confederate locomotive; when it ran out of 
 fuel, they were captured and imprisoned. 
 Wilson later escaped from prison and 
 made his way to Key West, Fla. He was 
 discharged for disability in 1864 and after 
 the war operated a store in Perrysburg; his 
 death occurred in that community. 
 Adventures of Alf Wilson . . . , Toledo, 
 1880. 
 
 WILSON, JOHN BYERS (1857-June 29, 
 1929), physician, was born in Adams 
 County. After graduating from Ohio Medi- 
 cal College, he practiced in Cincinnati for 
 45 years. As an avocation he wrote poetry, 
 some in rustic dialect, which was collected 
 
 in Reminiscent Rhymes and Other Verse, 
 [Cincinnati, 1911]. 
 
 WILSON, JOSEPH G. (June 23, 1874-Feb. 
 2, 1957), physician, was born in Guernsey 
 County. After graduating from the Univer- 
 sity of Pennsylvania Medical School in 
 1898, he served in the Spanish-American 
 War, after which he practiced medicine un- 
 til 1906. In 1906 he joined the U. S. Pub- 
 lic Health Service. After 1930 he special- 
 ized in psychiatric treatment of Federal 
 prisoners. He wrote several books on prison 
 problems, e.g., Are Prisons Necessary?, 
 Philadelphia, [1950]. WWW 3 
 
 WILSON, JOSHUA LACY (Sept. 22, 1774- 
 Aug. 14, 1846), clergyman, born in Bed- 
 ford County, Va., grew up in Kentucky, 
 where he was ordained to the Presbyterian 
 ministry in 1804. In 1808 he was called to 
 the First Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati, 
 and preached there for the remainder of his 
 life. A conservative Calvinist, he engaged in 
 many controversies and led the prosecution 
 of Lyman Beecher (q.v.) for heresy. He 
 published sermons in addition to the pam- 
 phlets listed below. 
 
 Episcopal Methodism; Or, Dagonism Ex- 
 hibited . . . , Cincinnati, 1811. 
 Four Propositions Sustained against the 
 Claims of the American Home Mission- 
 ary Society, New York, 1831. 
 The Faith Kept . . . , Cincinnati, 1835. 
 One Proposition Sustained against the New 
 
 School, Cincinnati, 1835. 
 Plea . . . on the Trial of Dr. Beecher, for 
 
 Dangerous Errors, Cincinnati, 1837. 
 Relations and Duties of Servants & Mas- 
 ters, Cincinnati, 1839. 
 
 WILSON, LAWRENCE (Sept. 2, 1842-June 
 22, 1922), was born in Southington, Trum- 
 bull County. He attended district schools 
 and Calkin's Commercial College, Oberlin. 
 He enlisted as a private in the 7th O.V.I. 
 in June, 1861, rose to the rank of first ser- 
 geant, and after being wounded three times 
 was discharged in July, 1864, for physical 
 disability. After the war he worked in the 
 U. S. Treasury Department and the Depart- 
 ment of the Interior. He wrote a book that 
 Ryan describes as one of the best Ohio 
 regimental histories: Itinerary of the Sev- 
 enth Ohio Volunteer Infantry . . . , New 
 York, 1907. 
 
 WILSON, MILTON LEROY (Dec. 10, 1828- 
 Dec. 1, 1909), journalist, was born in 
 Thornville, Perry County. He published the 
 American Tribune and other newspapers in 
 Newark and a Swedenborgian Sunday 
 
Wilson, O. J. 
 
 696 
 
 School paper, the Monthly Voice. In 1863 
 he published some early pieces by Mary H. 
 Catherwood (q.v.), whose biography he 
 later wrote: Biography of Mary Hartwell 
 Catherwood, Newark, 1904. 
 
 WILSON, OBED JAY (Aug. 30, 1826-Aug. 
 31, 1914), publisher, was born in Bingham, 
 Maine. He came to Cincinnati in 1846, 
 taught school for a time, and read law. He 
 became a book agent and later a partner in 
 Sargent, Wilson, and Hinkle, publishers of 
 the McGuffey Readers and other textbooks. 
 After retiring in 1877 he traveled widely in 
 Europe, Asia, and Africa. 
 A Visit to the Alhambra, Cincinnati, [n.d.]. 
 
 WILSON, RACHEL MACK (c.l888-July 3, 
 1961), born in Illinois, lived in Cleveland 
 from 1909 to 1935. Wife of Sidney Wilson, 
 Cleveland industrialist, she published poems 
 in the Cleveland Plain Dealer and in na- 
 tional periodicals. In 1932 she founded the 
 Ohio Poetry Society. She died in Louis- 
 ville, Ky., at the home of her son. Her 
 collections of verse include The Sacred 
 Acre, New York, 1928. 
 
 WILSON, ROBERT FORREST (Jan. 20, 
 1883-May 9, 1942), was born in Warren, 
 Trumbull County. He served as a corre- 
 spondent for newspapers in Cleveland and 
 elsewhere. With Benedict Crowell (q.v.) 
 he wrote a six-volume history of World 
 War I. He also wrote a life of Harriet 
 Beecher Stowe: Crusader in Crinoline . . . , 
 Philadelphia, [1941]. WWW 2 
 
 WILSON, SAMUEL RAMSEY (June 4, 1818- 
 March 3, 1886), clergyman, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He gradu- 
 ated from Hanover College in 1836 and 
 Princeton Theological Seminary in 1840. 
 He preached at Presbyterian churches in 
 Cincinnati and Louisville, Ky. Sympathetic 
 to the Southern cause throughout the Civil 
 War and during Reconstruction, he became 
 spokesman for those who entertained sim- 
 ilar views and defended his stand with great 
 brilliance. A number of his sermons and 
 addresses were published separately in pam- 
 phlet form. 
 
 Twelfth Street Graveyard and First Presby- 
 terian Church, [Cincinnati, 1858]. 
 
 WILSON, THOMAS (July 18, 1832-May 4, 
 1902), lawyer and archaeologist, born in 
 New Brighton, Pa., was apprenticed to 
 a carriage-maker in Salem, Columbiana 
 County, for two years. Later, after reading 
 law in Iowa, he practiced in Marietta for a 
 short time. In Washington, D. C, he was 
 
 the law partner of Thomas Corwin (q.v.). 
 He was intensely interested in prehistoric 
 man and served as curator of archaeology 
 in the Smithsonian Institution, 1887-1902. 
 He published a number of articles in the 
 Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quar- 
 terly which were also issued in pamphlet 
 form, e.g., The Arkansas Traveller, Colum- 
 bus, 1900. 
 
 WILSON, WILLIAM (Dec. 25, 1803-Dec. 
 9, 1873), clergyman, was born in Donegal, 
 Ireland. He came to the United States in 
 1823, graduated from Union College in 
 1827, and was licensed to preach by the 
 Reformed Presbyterian Church in 1831. 
 Around 1838 he was sent to Cincinnati as 
 a domestic missionary, and he spent the 
 rest of his life in that city. 
 Protest against the General Synod of the 
 Reformed Presbyterian Church, Cincin- 
 nati, 1850. 
 
 WINCHESTER, MARIE MOON (May 31, 
 1897- ), was born in JefFersonville, 
 Fayette County. After graduating from 
 London High School, she attended Ward- 
 Belmont College, Nashville, Tenn. She 
 married James M. Winchester, and now 
 lives in London, Madison County. Her 
 poems have appeared in various periodicals 
 and anthologies, and she has published a 
 collection of verse: Other Worlds Are 
 Empty, New York, [1941]. 
 
 WINDSOR, ANTHONY H. (Sept. 18, 1837- 
 July 14, 1912), clergyman, was born in 
 New York. He served as a chaplain in the 
 91st O.V.I., April, 1864-June, 1865, and 
 after the Civil War served churches in 
 Ohio. His death occurred in Logan County. 
 History of the Ninety-first Regiment, 
 O.V.I. , Cincinnati, 1865. 
 
 WINE, MARY STONER (Aug. 11, 1885- 
 May 1, 1959), was born near Ladoga, Ind. 
 She graduated from Manchester College in 
 1910 and was married to Grover L. Wine. 
 She moved to Ohio in 1940 and from 1946 
 until her death lived in Covington, Miami 
 County. Author of many hymns and poems, 
 she published two collections of verse, e.g., 
 Patchwork and Rhythm, Elgin, 111., [1949]. 
 
 WING, CONWAY PHELPS (Feb. 12, 1809- 
 May 7, 1889), clergyman, was born near 
 Marietta, Washington County. He gradu- 
 ated from Hamilton College in 1828 and 
 Auburn Seminary in 1831, was ordained to 
 the Presbyterian ministry, and served var- 
 ious churches in western New York, Ala- 
 bama, and Carlisle, Pa. Besides the titles 
 
697 
 
 Wise, I. M. 
 
 below, he published several genealogical 
 
 works. 
 
 History of the Presbyteries of Donegal and 
 Carlisle, Carlisle, Pa., 1876. 
 
 A History of the First Presbyterian Church 
 of Carlisle, Pa., Carlisle, Pa., 1877. 
 
 History of Cumberland County, Pennsyl- 
 vania . . . , Philadelphia, 1879. 
 
 WING, JOSEPH ELWYN (Sept. 14, 1861- 
 Sept. 10, 1915), agriculturist, was born in 
 Hinsdale, N. Y. When he was six years old, 
 his family settled on a small farm near 
 Mechanicsburg. He worked on the farm 
 and in 1889 took over its management. His 
 success in raising alfalfa and sheep soon 
 attracted widespread attention, and he lec- 
 tured extensively on farming and contrib- 
 uted numerous articles to agricultural jour- 
 nals. His Alfalfa Farming in America 
 (1909) was recognized as an authoritative 
 book. He died in Marion. Besides three 
 books on agriculture, he wrote In Foreign 
 Fields; Sketches of Travel in South Amer- 
 ica and Western Europe, Chicago, 1913. 
 DAB 20 
 
 WING, MARJORIE MEEKER (Nov. 5, 
 1893- ), was born in Bradford, Eng- 
 land, where her father, Claude Meeker, 
 was serving as U. S. consul. She grew up in 
 Columbus and graduated from Columbus 
 School for Girls in 1911. She married 
 Shirley T. Wing and published a collection 
 of verse under her married name: Color of 
 Water, New York, 1928. Now Mrs. Vivian 
 Collins, she lives in St. Augustine, Fla. 
 
 WINGET, DeWITT HARRIS (Feb. 22, 
 1850-Feb. 5, 1933), was born in Marys- 
 ville, Union County. Around 1859 his fam- 
 ily moved to Kansas, and he grew up there. 
 Under the name Dan Winget, he published 
 a book about his friend William F. Cody: 
 Anecdotes of Buffalo Bill . . . , Clinton, 
 Iowa, 1912. 
 
 WINK, JOSH. Pseud. See Wilbur D. Nesbit. 
 
 WINTER, NEVIN OTTO (June 14, 1869- 
 Sept. 2, 1936), lawyer and journalist, was 
 born in Benton. Holmes County. He grad- 
 uated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 
 1891 and the law school of Ohio State 
 University in 1897. After being admitted 
 to the bar in 1897, he began practice in 
 Toledo. He also traveled widely for several 
 newspapers and a syndicate and lectured 
 on foreign affairs. He died in Galion. He 
 wrote a number of travel books, e.g., Mexico 
 and Her People of Today . . . , Boston, 
 1907. He also wrote A History of North- 
 
 west Ohio . . . , 3 vols., Chicago, 1917. 
 WWW 1 
 
 WINTERMUTE, MARTHA VAN DEMARK 
 
 (Sept. 6, 1841-Jan. 1, 1918), was born in 
 Berkshire, Delaware County. She graduated 
 from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1861. 
 After her marriage to Dr. Alfred Winter- 
 mute, she lived near Newark. She wrote 
 and lectured for women's suffrage and tem- 
 perance and has been described by a de- 
 scendant as a "ladylike crusader." She con- 
 tributed much verse to Ohio periodicals. 
 Her death occurred at her home near New- 
 ark. Her only book was privately published. 
 Eleven Women and Thirteen Men, Newark, 
 1887. 
 
 WIRRIES, MARY MABEL (Jan. 14, 1894- 
 ), born in South Bend, Ind., lived in 
 Wood County for a number of years. Her 
 last address in Ohioana files is Phoenix, 
 Ariz. She has published poetry: Gay Witch 
 April and Other Poems, [Tucson, Ariz., 
 1936], and a number of novels for young 
 readers, e.g., Mary Rose at Boarding School, 
 Cincinnati, 1924. AATB 
 
 WISE, ISAAC MAYER (March 29, 1819- 
 March 26, 1900), rabbi and founder of 
 Reform Judaism, was born in Steingrub, 
 Bohemia. His resolution, he wrote in his 
 autobiographical Meine Biicherei, was 
 "never to torture humanity with a book; if 
 at all possible, [he] would never write one." 
 This is, to say the least, a rather astonishing 
 statement when one considers the many 
 volumes, not to mention innumerable ser- 
 mons, essays, book reviews, and editorials 
 that poured from his pen. It was a pen as 
 active as it professed to be reluctant. "I was 
 forced to act contrary to my resolve," he 
 declared. "I had to write . . . often with- 
 out desire and against my conviction." 
 Founder and editor of two weekly news- 
 papers — the English language Israelite (still 
 published today in Cincinnati as The Amer- 
 ican Israelite) and the German language 
 Die Deborah — playwright, novelist, his- 
 torian, pedagogue, theologian, liturgist, po- 
 lemicist, Wise never permitted his literary 
 diffidence to inhibit his literary energies. 
 Perhaps even more remarkable is the fact 
 that at least one of his productions, Remi- 
 niscences, deserves to be numbered among 
 the literary classics of nineteenth-century 
 American Jewry. For this spiritual heir of 
 the French Revolution and its attendant, if 
 hotly contested, emancipation of Western 
 and Central European Jewry, writing was 
 neither a genteel avocation nor a function 
 of scholarship. It was a sword — wielded 
 
Wise, I. M. 
 
 698 
 
 now gracefully, now clumsily, but ever 
 energetically, in his struggle to establish in 
 America a liberal, progressive Judaism, an 
 American Judaism which, though not anti- 
 pathetic to the age-old Jewish tradition of 
 Old World provenance, should be warmly 
 responsive to the changing needs and splen- 
 did promise of Jewish life in the United 
 States. Hardly a litterateur in the usual 
 sense of the word, Wise was, none the less, 
 certainly among the most effective writers 
 ever to put pen to paper in American Jew- 
 ish annals. All of present-day America's 
 5,000,000 Jews, not only the 1,000,000 Re- 
 form Jews who today own themselves his 
 followers, are in his debt. The sense of goal 
 and purpose, the capacity for organized 
 endeavor characteristic of the various fac- 
 ets of the American Jewish community to- 
 day — these testify to the effect of Isaac 
 Mayer Wise's pen. Who was this man whose 
 works were such that he is easily to be 
 accounted the most distinguished American 
 Jewish personality of the nineteenth century 
 and indeed one of America's outstanding 
 religious leaders? Isaac Mayer Wise was 
 not a native American; born in Hapsburg- 
 dominated Bohemia, he was well acquainted 
 with the antiliberal, Judeophobic spirit that 
 reigned in Central Europe after the fall of 
 Napoleon. A rebel by nature, he was not 
 content to remain forever an imperial-royal 
 Schutzjude, a second-class subject of the 
 bigoted Hapsburg monarchy. After a brief 
 rabbinical tenure in Radnitz, Bohemia, he 
 emigrated to the United States in 1846. Not 
 long after his arrival in New York, he was 
 elected rabbi of Albany's Congregation 
 Beth El, where, with little delay but with 
 much opposition, he commenced the task of 
 religious reform. The reformist ideas he had 
 imbibed in Europe soon aroused the ire of 
 a number of his tradition-minded Albany 
 congregants. His insistence on departures 
 from the traditional norm, which he felt 
 to be anomalous in America, won him some 
 friends but more enemies. Wise would write 
 in later years that "the desire to reform the 
 world is a sickness which some people can- 
 not avoid; it is part and parcel of their 
 spiritual make-up. . . . They are the poorly 
 paid servants of Providence . . . that any 
 and every wretch may make the object of 
 pursuit; but they must, because otherwise 
 mankind would become stupid, stagnate, 
 and decay." This applied in particular, he 
 believed, to Judaism whose future in Amer- 
 ica was to be assured only by its becoming 
 "reconciled with the spirit of the age and 
 the opinions prevalent in the new father- 
 land." To secure that future, Wise was pre- 
 pared to brave obloquy, charges of heresy, 
 
 threats of excommunication, and the loss 
 of his Albany pulpit. Controversy continued 
 to embitter his ministry at the Beth El 
 Congregation until that position became un- 
 tenable. By 1850, however, he had gained 
 enough support in Albany to establish a 
 new congregation, a Reform synagogue 
 called Anshe Emet (Men of Truth). It 
 was his first substantial victory. As the early 
 1850s dawned, Wise's reputation spread far 
 beyond the confines of Albany. His writings 
 in journals like the Asmonean, a weekly 
 Jewish newspaper published in New York 
 by Robert Lyons, increasingly engaged the 
 attention of his detractors and of his fol- 
 lowers; and the publication of his rational- 
 istic History of the Israelitish Nation, a 
 bulky 600-page work which appeared in 
 1853, won praise from Boston's Unitarian 
 preacher Theodore Parker and from Horace 
 Greeley. Wise was particularly pleased, for 
 "these two men were the only Americans 
 known to [him] who were familiar with 
 German philosophical literature." In 1854 
 Cincinnati's twelve-year-old Bene Jeshurun 
 Congregation, whose "members were young 
 South Germans, mostly from Bavaria, and 
 belonged to the better element," unani- 
 mously elected him its rabbi for life; and 
 Wise left Albany for the Queen City of 
 the West, as burgeoning Cincinnati was 
 known. There, on the banks of the Ohio, 
 until his death 46 years later, the ardent 
 reformer would find a warm response to 
 his conviction that "we must be not only 
 American citizens, but become Americans 
 through and through, outside of the syna- 
 gogue." True, at his new congregation 
 "everything was still officially Orthodox, 
 but the leaders of Orthodoxy were weak 
 and ... in a short time they even became 
 [his] friends, for they found that [he] was 
 not as bad as was [his] reputation." Wise 
 had scarcely arrived in Cincinnati when he 
 set about founding an organ for the propa- 
 gation of his views. The establishment of 
 The Israelite in 1854 and of Die Deborah 
 a year later ensured him a substantial fol- 
 lowing among both the English-speaking 
 and the German-speaking Jewish settlers of 
 the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. Amer- 
 ican Jewish life, on Wise's arrival in the 
 United States, was a wilderness, but Wise 
 could not rest content with that situation. 
 He had not been the first to perceive Amer- 
 ican Jewry's need for higher religious and 
 cultural standards and for organization on a 
 nation-wide basis, but by dint of his own 
 prodigious industry and the unifactory 
 forces unleashed generally in American life 
 at the conclusion of the Civil War, Wise 
 was to achieve unprecedented success. In 
 
699 
 
 Wishart, C. F. 
 
 1873, after two decades of laborious plead- 
 ing and preaching, one of Wise's great 
 dreams came close to fulfillment with the 
 establishment under his inspiration of the 
 Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 
 today the great lay arm of American Re- 
 form Judaism. Two years later, in 1875, 
 the Union established in Cincinnati under 
 Wise's presidency the Hebrew Union Col- 
 lege, America's first successful rabbinical 
 seminary and now the scholastic center of 
 American — and world — liberal Judaism. 
 "No one who failed to see the embryonic 
 college," Wise wrote in later years, "can 
 imagine how ridiculous was this little hole- 
 in-the-wall of a school, in its not-too-bright 
 cellar [at Cincinnati's Bene Israel Temple], 
 carrying the pompous name of a college 
 . . . each evening the whole library was 
 locked up in a two-and-one-half-foot box, 
 not because of thieves, but because of 
 mice." Wise was never discouraged, how- 
 ever, and at his death 25 years later there 
 was no longer anything "ridiculous" about 
 the growing Hebrew Union College, already 
 recognized as one of American Jewry's 
 major intellectual institutions. Another of 
 Wise's fondest dreams came to fruition in 
 1889, when the alumni of the college and 
 a number of other liberal rabbis joined to 
 establish the Central Conference of Amer- 
 ican Rabbis. Wise's influence in this insti- 
 tution, too, was pre-eminent. Some of 
 Wise's admirers have described him as a 
 prophet. That he was not is clear from his 
 unrelenting antagonism to the Biblical 
 criticism, which has become an important 
 concern of liberal Jewish scholarship and 
 from his angry opposition to Zionism, to- 
 day so potent a source of spiritual and 
 philanthropic edification for American 
 Jewry. It is apparent also in the fact that 
 he was not particularly sympathetic to the 
 East European immigrants whose sons and 
 grandsons have since played so creative and 
 productive a role in American life. As is 
 often the case with great men, Wise cher- 
 ished great prejudices. He was quite blind 
 to the possibilities of Biblical criticism and 
 of Zionism; he was unable to appreciate the 
 potential value of the massive East Euro- 
 pean immigration of his day. No prophet, 
 Wise was a pioneer, and if in the years 
 that have followed his death prophets were 
 able to arise in American Judaism, it is to 
 Wise and his tireless pioneering efforts that 
 the credit belongs in great measure. No 
 significant sector of the American Jewish 
 community — be it Reform, Conservative, 
 or Orthodox — has remained unaffected by 
 his work and his idealism. 
 
 Stanley F. Chyet 
 
 History of the Israelitish Nation . . . , Al- 
 bany, N. Y., 1853. 
 
 The Essence of Judaism . . . , Cincinnati, 
 1861. 
 
 Hymns, Psalms & Prayers . . . , (with 
 others), Cincinnati, [1868]. 
 
 The Martyrdom of Jesus of Nazareth . . • , 
 Cincinnati, [1874]. 
 
 The Cosmic God . . . , Cincinnati, 1876. 
 
 History of the Hebrews' Second Common- 
 wealth . . . , Cincinnati. 1880. 
 
 Selected Writings . . . , Cincinnati, 1900. 
 
 Reminiscences . . . , (David Philipson, ed. 
 and trans.), Cincinnati, 1901. 
 
 WISE, JOSH. Pseud. See John W. Raper. 
 
 WISEMAN, CHARLES M. L. (Jan. 15, 1829- 
 Feb. 27, 1904), was bora near New Salem, 
 Fairfield County. After teaching in district 
 schools, he was a traveling book salesman 
 for C. W. James of Cincinnati for four 
 years. In 1855 he moved to Lancaster, 
 where he was postmaster for thirteen years. 
 Centennial History of Lancaster . . . , 
 
 Lancaster, 1898. 
 Pioneer Period and Pioneer People of 
 
 Fairfield County . . . , Columbus, 1901. 
 
 WISH, HARVEY (Sept. 4, 1909- ), edu- 
 cator, born in Chicago, has been professor 
 of history at Western Reserve University 
 since 1945. He has published several in- 
 fluential historical studies, e.g., Contempo- 
 rary America . . . , New York, [1945]. 
 WW 30 
 
 WISHARD, JOHN G. (Sept. 19, 1863-July 
 15, 1940), physician, born in Danville, 
 Ind., lived and practiced in Wooster from 
 1910 until his death. He wrote articles and 
 a book about Persia, where he was a medi- 
 cal missionary, 1899-1909, and an auto- 
 biographical work: Reminiscences of a Doc- 
 tor ... , [Wooster, 1935]. WWW 1 
 
 WISHART, CHARLES FREDERICK (Sept. 
 3, 1870- April 11, 1960), clergyman and 
 educator, was born in Ontario, Richland 
 County. After graduating from Monmouth 
 College in 1894 and Pittsburgh Theologi- 
 cal Seminary in 1897, he was ordained to 
 the ministry of the United Presbyterian 
 Church. He served churches in Pittsburgh, 
 1897-1910, and Chicago, 1914-19, was on 
 the faculty of Pittsburgh Seminary, 1910- 
 14, and was president of the College of 
 Wooster, 1919-44. He published a number 
 of books on religious and educational 
 themes, e.g., The Range Finders, a Mes- 
 sage to the Ministry, Philadelphia, 1921. 
 WW 26 
 
Wishart, J. E. 
 
 700 
 
 WISHART, JOHN ELLIOTT (Nov. 29, 
 1866-Dec. 23, 1940), Presbyterian clergy- 
 man and educator, brother of Charles F. 
 Wishart (q.v.), was born in New Athens, 
 Harrison County. He graduated from Mon- 
 mouth College in 1889 and Allegheny Semi- 
 nary in 1892. He served pastorates in vari- 
 ous states and was on the faculty of Xenia 
 Theological Seminary, 1905-23. His writ- 
 ings include The Spirits of Just Men Made 
 Perfect . . . , Oberlin, [1916]. WWW 1 
 
 WITTENMYER, ANNIE TURNER (Aug. 26, 
 1827-Feb. 2, 1900), was born in Sandy 
 Springs, Adams County. She married Wil- 
 liam Wittenmyer in 1847 and three years 
 later moved to Keokuk, Iowa. She worked 
 with the Sanitary Commission during the 
 Civil War and was a nurse with Iowa 
 troops. After the war she lectured and 
 wrote in behalf of temperance and wom- 
 en's rights. Frances Willard wrote an intro- 
 duction for the first volume below, and 
 Mrs. U. S. Grant wrote an introduction for 
 the second. 
 
 History of the Woman's Christian Tem- 
 perance Crusade . . . , Boston, 1882. 
 Under the Guns . . . , Boston, 1895. 
 
 WITTKE, CARL FREDERICK (Nov. 13, 
 1892- ), educator, was born in Colum- 
 bus, Franklin County. He graduated from 
 Ohio State University in 1913 and Harvard 
 University (Ph.D.) in 1921. He served on 
 the Ohio State University history faculty, 
 1916-37, and the Oberlin College faculty, 
 1937-48. Since 1948 he has been dean of 
 the Western Reserve University Graduate 
 School. He has written numerous historical 
 articles, edited a five-volume history of 
 Ohio (1941-44), and published a num- 
 ber of significant studies of American cul- 
 ture, e.g., Tarn bo and Bones; A History of 
 the American Minstrel Stage, Durham, 
 N. C, 1930. WW 30 
 
 WOELLNER, FREDRIC PHILIP (Feb. 18, 
 1890- ), educator, was born in Cin- 
 cinnati, Hamilton County. He graduated 
 from the University of Cincinnati in 1912 
 and Columbia University (Ph.D.) in 1923. 
 He taught in the Cincinnati schools, 1 9 12— 
 14, and at Buffalo State Teachers College, 
 1915-21. He served on the education fac- 
 ulty of the University of California at Los 
 Angeles, 1925-56. A prolific writer, he pub- 
 lished numerous articles, textbooks, and 
 other books on various subjects, e.g., The 
 Highlands of the Mind; A Psychological 
 Analysis of the Sermon on the Mount, Pasa- 
 dena, Calif., 1930. WW 30 
 
 WOLDMAN, ALBERT ALEXANDER (Jan. 
 1, 1897- ), lawyer, born in Russia, was 
 brought to America when he was one year 
 old. He graduated from Western Reserve 
 University in 1917 and from the law school 
 in 1918. He worked on the Cleveland Press 
 and on the Plain Dealer, 1917-19, was ad- 
 mitted to the Ohio bar and began practice 
 in 1919, began teaching at John Marshall 
 Law School in 1936, and since 1953 has 
 been judge of the Cuyahoga County juve- 
 nile court. He has published several books, 
 e.g., Lawyer Lincoln, Boston, 1936. WW 30 
 
 WOLF, EDITH ANISFIELD (Aug. 2, 1889- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. She graduated from Western Re- 
 serve University and also studied at the 
 Cleveland School of Art. Her poems have 
 appeared in various newspapers and maga- 
 zines and in several collections, e.g., Bal- 
 ance; A Bookful of Little Thoughts, Cleve- 
 land, 1942. BDCP 
 
 WOLF, HOWARD (Aug. 3, 1902-Aug. 4, 
 1955), journalist, was born in Akron, Sum- 
 mit County. He worked on the Cleveland 
 News and on the editorial staff of the 
 Akron Beacon-Journal. At the time of his 
 death he was an advertising executive in 
 Columbus. Besides a book on the rubber 
 industry, he wrote in collaboration with his 
 wife, Gertrude A. Wolf, a collection of 
 poems: The World, the Flesh, and the Holy 
 Ghosts, Caldwell, Idaho, 1933. 
 
 WOLF, MORRIS HERBERT (1888- ), 
 lawyer, born in Russia, came to Cleveland 
 when he was eighteen and, since being 
 admitted to the bar, has practiced in that 
 city. He wrote a trilogy of novels, the first 
 of which was Hank Miller, New York, 
 [1928]. 
 
 WOLF, SIMON (Oct. 28, 1836-June 4, 1923), 
 lawyer, born in Bavaria, was brought to 
 America in 1848. He worked for an uncle 
 at Uhrichsville for a time, studied law, and 
 was graduated from Ohio Law College, 
 Cleveland, in 1861. He practiced for a 
 year in New Philadelphia and then moved 
 to Washington, D. C, where he spent the 
 remainder of his life. He knew every Presi- 
 dent from Lincoln to Harding, and worked 
 actively to persuade each of them to pro- 
 tect the rights of Jewish minorities through- 
 out the world. He was also active in phil- 
 anthropic organizations. He wrote many 
 articles in periodicals, and several books 
 and pamphlets, e.g., Mordecai Manuel Noah: 
 A Biographical Sketch, Philadelphia, 1897. 
 A collection of his addresses and papers 
 was published posthumously in 1926. 
 
701 
 
 Wood, Esther 
 
 WOLFE, ALBERT BENEDICT (Aug. 23, 
 1876- ), educator, born in Arlington, 
 111., was on the Oberlin College faculty, 
 1907-14. After teaching at the University 
 of Texas, 1914-23, he returned to Ohio as 
 a member of the department of economics, 
 Ohio State University, 1923-46. Since his 
 retirement he has continued to live in 
 Columbus. His writings include Conserva- 
 tism, Radicalism, and Scientific Method 
 . . . , New York, 1923. WW 25 
 
 WOLFE, HENRY CUTLER (Jan. 11. 1898- 
 ), journalist, was born in Newcomers- 
 town, Tuscarawas County. He served with 
 an American ambulance unit in Italy in 
 1918, was with the American Relief Ad- 
 ministration in Russia in 1922, and with 
 the International Red Cross mission to 
 Greece in 1923. He has written and lec- 
 tured widely on international relations. Dur- 
 ing the 1930s he wrote a regular feature, 
 "The European Scene." for the Columbus 
 Sunday Dispatch. He has published several 
 books on foreign relations, e.g., The Ger- 
 man Octopus; Hitler Bids for World Power, 
 New York, 1938. WW 30 
 
 WOLFE, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE (Dec. 
 25, 1823- ? ), physician, was born in Colum- 
 bia, Pa. As a young man he taught school, 
 worked as a plasterer and as a printer, and 
 in 1842 began to stud) medicine. After 
 practicing in Pennsylvania and in St. Louis, 
 Mo., he settled in Cincinnati in 1857. He 
 published two technical works on respira- 
 tory diseases, his medical specialty. A be- 
 liever in spiritualism, he wrote in the book 
 below about his experiences with mediums. 
 Startling Facts in Modern Spiritualism, Cin- 
 cinnati, 1874. 
 
 WOLFE, HOLLAND EMERSON (Feb. 25, 
 1902- ), educator, was born in Hartville, 
 Stark County. He graduated from Manches- 
 ter College, Ind., in 1924, from Oberlin 
 Seminary in 1928, and from Harvard Uni- 
 versity (Ph.D.) in 1933. He served as 
 pastor of Congregational churches in Ohio 
 and Massachusetts. 1926—39. was on the 
 faculty of Tufts College, 1934-46. and has 
 been on the faculty of Western Reserve 
 University since 1946. He has published 
 a number of articles and books on re- 
 ligious themes, e.g., Meet Amos and Hosea 
 . . . , New York, [1945]. WW 30 
 
 WOLFE, WILLIAM G. (Feb. 26, 1874-Nov. 
 13, 1947), educator, was born and reared 
 in Quaker City, Guernsey County. He at- 
 tended Ohio Northern University, taught 
 school in Quaker City, and was superin- 
 
 tendent of the Guernsey County schools, 
 1914-35. Altogether, he spent 43 years in 
 educational work. He published Stories of 
 Guernsey County . . . , Cambridge, 1943. 
 
 WOLFENSTEIN, MARTHA (Aug. 5, 1869- 
 March, 1906), was born in Insterberg, 
 Prussia, but was brought to America as a 
 small child and lived until 1878 in St. 
 Louis. Mo., where her father was a rabbi. 
 In 1878 he became superintendent of the 
 Jewish Orphan Asylum, Cleveland, and she 
 spent the remainder of her life in that city. 
 She published at least two collections of 
 stories, e.g.. a book about Jewish life in 
 an Austrian village: Idylls of the Gass, 
 Philadelphia, [1901]. 
 
 WOOD, AARON (Oct. 15, 1802- ? ), clergy- 
 man, born in Virginia, was brought to 
 southern Ohio in 1805. He served as an 
 itinerant Methodist minister in Ohio, In- 
 diana, and Illinois until he was 23, after 
 which he lived in Indiana. Besides the pam- 
 phlet below, some of his addresses and ser- 
 mons were published. 
 
 Sketches of Things and Peoples in Indiana 
 . . . , Indianapolis, 1883. 
 
 WOOD, CHARLES SEELY (April 19. 1845- 
 Nov. 20. 1912), clergyman, was born in 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After gradu- 
 ating from Miami University in 1866, he 
 was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry 
 and served until 1876, when he retired be- 
 cause of ill health. He died in Urbana. 
 Alice and Her Two Friends, Philadelphia, 
 
 1896. 
 On the Frontier with St. Clair . . . , Bos- 
 ton, [1902]. 
 The Sword of Wayne . . . , Boston, [1903]. 
 Camp-fires on the Scioto . . . , Boston, 
 
 1905. 
 Christmas at Big Moose Falls, Boston, 
 
 [1911]. 
 "Don't Give Up the Ship!", New York, 
 1912. 
 
 WOOD, DAVID WESLEY (Sept. 11, 1844- 
 Nov. 24, 1922), lawyer, was born in Pleas- 
 ant Township, Knox County. He enlisted in 
 the 20th O.V.I, at Columbus in Sept., 1861, 
 and served until July, 1865. After the war 
 he lived in Mount Vernon until 1880. He 
 practiced law in Chicago and Washington, 
 D. C. He died in Pocatello. Idaho. 
 History of the 20th O. V.V.I. Regiment 
 . . . , Columbus, 1876. 
 
 WOOD, ESTHER ( 1 905- ) . born in Akron, 
 N. Y., lived in Mansfield for about fifteen 
 
Wood, Eugene 
 
 702 
 
 years. Her address in 1951 was Upper 
 Montclair, N. J. She has written a number 
 of books for younger readers, e.g., Belinda 
 Blue, New York, [1940]. JBA 
 
 WOOD, EUGENE (March 11, 1860-Feb. 25, 
 1923), was born near Bellefontaine, Logan 
 County. He attended Ohio Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity, 1876-80. His writings include Back 
 Home, New York, 1905. WWW 1 
 
 WOOD, FRANCIS MARION (June 23, 
 1834-April 11, 1911), clergyman, was born 
 in Fairton, N. J. After graduating from 
 Princeton University in 1858 and from the 
 seminary in 1861, he was ordained to the 
 Presbyterian ministry. He served several 
 churches in Ohio, including the church at 
 Carlisle, Warren County, 1862-68, a history 
 of which he wrote. He later served in 
 North Dakota and as a missionary in South 
 Africa. 
 
 The New Jersey Church 
 1868. 
 
 . , Cincinnati, 
 
 WOOD, FREDERICK MARCUS (Oct. 19, 
 1872-Sept. 26, 1952), educator, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 graduating from Western Reserve Univer- 
 sity in 1897, he taught in the secondary 
 schools of Lake County for many years. He 
 published a book of memories of his col- 
 lege days: In the Consulship of Plancus, 
 Painesville, 1941, and also a book of verse: 
 Rhythmically Speaking, Painesville, 1945. 
 
 WOOD, GEORGE L. (1837-Sept. 14, 1867), 
 lawyer, was born in Chardon, Geauga 
 County. He read law in Warren and prac- 
 ticed there after his admission to the bar. 
 He served in the 7th O.V.I, until discharged 
 as a result of a wound received at Port 
 Republic, Va., June 9, 1862. In 1864 he 
 enlisted in the 125th O.V.I, and served 
 until the end of the war. 
 The Seventh Regiment: A Record, New 
 York, 1865. 
 
 WOOD, JAMES CRAVEN (Jan. 11, 1858- 
 Aug. 29, 1948), gynecologist, was born in 
 Wood County. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University and the University of 
 Michigan, served on the faculty of the 
 University of Michigan Homeopathic Medi- 
 cal College, 1885-94, and later practiced 
 in Cleveland while serving on the faculty 
 of Cleveland-Pulte Medical College. He 
 wrote numerous medical articles and text- 
 books; a play, Then and Now; and an 
 autobiography, An Old Doctor of the New 
 School, Caldwell, Idaho, 1942. WWW 2 
 
 WOOD, SHERIDAN FRANZELL (July 16, 
 1867- ), clergyman, was born in Guern- 
 sey County. He became a minister in 1889 
 and served churches in McConnelsville, 
 Akron, Youngstown, and Cleveland. In 
 1942 he was living near Wooster. He pub- 
 lished a book of verse: Blossoms from the 
 Clay, [West Lafayette, 1917], and a novel 
 about the Civil War: Creston Meadows; A 
 Story of Love and Daring, Philadelphia, 
 [1927]. 
 
 WOOD-ALLEN, MARY (Oct. 19, 1841- 
 1908), physician, was born in Delta, Ful- 
 ton County. She graduated from Ohio Wes- 
 leyan University in 1861, studied medicine 
 in Austria, and graduated in medicine from 
 the University of Michigan in 1875. She 
 practiced in Newark, N. J., and was active 
 in the work of the W.C.T.U. Many of her 
 books and leaflets were published by the 
 Wood-Allen Publishing Co., Ann Arbor, 
 Mich. She wrote a number of pamphlets 
 in the "American Motherhood" series and 
 other booklets relating to sex instruction, 
 not all of which are listed below. 
 Almost a Man, Ann Arbor, [1895]. 
 The Marvels of our Bodily Dwelling . . . , 
 
 Ann Arbor, 1895. 
 Almost a Woman, Ann Arbor, [1897]. 
 What a Young Girl Ought to Know, Phila- 
 delphia, 1897. 
 Baby's Firsts, Ann Arbor, [1898]. 
 What a Young Woman Ought to Know, 
 
 Philadelphia, [1898]. 
 Marriage, Its Duties and Privileges . . . , 
 Chicago, 1901. 
 
 WOODHULL, VICTORIA C. See Victoria 
 
 C. W. Martin. 
 
 WOODMAN, JAY JOSHUA (April 14, 1871- 
 June 18, 1945), was born on a farm near 
 Orangeville, Mich. After spending several 
 years in California, he settled in Napoleon, 
 Henry County, where he spent the re- 
 mainder of his life. He was a building con- 
 tractor and collected Indian relics as a 
 hobby. He lectured on Indians and wrote 
 a book: Indian Legends . . . , Boston, 
 1924. 
 
 WOODMANSEE, JAMES (1814-Dec. 1887), 
 was born on a farm in Liberty Township, 
 Butler County. Except for a few months 
 with a company of actors in Louisville, 
 Ky., he spent his entire life on the farm. 
 An eccentric who called himself "the Bard 
 of Sugar Valley," he published a volume 
 containing the first six books of a pro- 
 jected volume to be entitled Religion: A 
 Poem in Twelve Books. At the end of the 
 
703 
 
 Woolley, C. P. 
 
 first book appears the query "Does the 
 World want the other Six Books?" Since 
 the other six books were never published, 
 we must assume that the World had seen 
 enough. 
 
 The Closing Scene; A Vision . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1857. 
 Wrinkles; From the Brow of Experience, 
 and Other Poems, Cincinnati, 1860. 
 
 WOODROW, NANCY MANN WADDEL 
 (1870-Sept. 7, 1935), was born in Chilli- 
 cothe, Ross County. In 1900 she moved to 
 New York City and contributed verse and 
 fiction to various national magazines. She 
 died in New York City and is buried in 
 Chillicothe. Often using the pen names Jane 
 Wade and Mrs. Wilson Woodrow, she pub- 
 lished a number of novels, e.g., The Beauty, 
 Indianapolis, [1910]. WWW 1 
 
 WOODROW, MRS. WILSON. See Nancy 
 
 M. W. Woodrow. 
 
 WOODS, HENRY McKEE (Aug. 14. 1857- 
 Dec. 2, 1943), clergyman, was born in 
 Columbus, Franklin County. After graduat- 
 ing from Union Theological Seminary in 
 Virginia, he was ordained to the Presby- 
 terian ministry. He served as a missionary 
 in China, 1883-1925, and after his return 
 to the United States, he lived in Ventnor, 
 N. J. He edited A Chinese Bible Encyclo- 
 pedia, published numerous articles, and 
 wrote a book contrasting Protestantism and 
 Roman Catholicism: Our Priceless Heritage, 
 London, [1934]. 
 
 WOODS, JOSEPH THATCHER (March 16, 
 1828-Aug. 5, 1911), physician, was born in 
 Columbiana County of a pioneer family. 
 In 1835 his father moved to Portage 
 County, where Joseph was reared on the 
 family farm. He was largely self-educated, 
 except for study under local physicians, 
 until he went to the University of Michi- 
 gan, 1853-55. After his graduation he prac- 
 ticed medicine in Williamstown, Hancock 
 County. He volunteered as a surgeon in 
 1862 and served with the 96th O.V.I. 
 throughout the war. After practicing three 
 years in Findlay. he moved to Toledo, 
 where he practiced for the remainder of 
 his life. 
 
 Services of the Ninety-sixth Ohio Volun- 
 teers, Toledo, 1874. 
 Steedman and his Men at Chickamauga, 
 
 Toledo, 1876. 
 The Exile of the Acadians, the People of 
 Longfellow's 'Evangeline,' Toledo, 1887. 
 
 WOODS, PERRY DANIEL (Jan. 30, 1881- 
 Jan. 9, 1950), educator, was born in Piqua, 
 
 Miami County. He graduated from Denison 
 University in 1905, Colgate-Rochester Di- 
 vinity School in 1926, and the University of 
 Oregon (Ph.D.) in 1932. He taught in 
 Puerto Rico and at several universities, in- 
 cluding Rio Grande College, 1919-27, and 
 Ohio State University, 1927-29. After 1929 
 he lived in Oregon. He wrote The First 
 Fifty Years of Rio Grande College, [Galli- 
 polis, 1926]. DAS 1 
 
 WOODS, VIRNA (April 26, 1864-March 6, 
 1903), was born in Wilmington, Clinton 
 County, but when she was two years old her 
 parents moved to Zanesville, where she was 
 reared and educated. In 1883 she went to 
 California. She used California materials 
 for the local color of the verse and stories 
 which she contributed to various periodicals. 
 She died in Sacramento, Calif. 
 The Amazons; A Lyrical Drama, Mead- 
 
 ville, Pa., 1891. 
 A Modern Magdalene, Boston, 1894. 
 An Elusive Lover, New York, 1898. 
 
 WOODWARD, MARY CROOK SLOAN 
 
 (July 3, 1833-Aug. 16, 1916), was born in 
 Lycoming County, Pa., but was brought to 
 Montgomery County when three years old. 
 She was married, Nov. 11, 1856, to Samuel 
 Franklin Woodward, a prosperous farmer 
 of Osborn, Greene County. She began writ- 
 ing poetry around 1880 and afterward pub- 
 lished two collections. 
 Roses and Thorns, Dayton, 1894. 
 D irkness and Dawn, Dayton, 1903. 
 
 WOODWARD, ROBERT CHRISTIE (June 
 3, 1829-July 24. 1896), librarian, was born 
 in Springfield, Clark County, and passed 
 his entire life in that community. He was 
 librarian of Warder Public Library for 
 many years. 
 Sketches of Springfield, Springfield, 1852. 
 
 WOODWARD, S. M. Pseud. See Miles W. 
 Smith. 
 
 WOOLLEY, CELIA PARKER (June 14, 
 1848-March 9, 1918), was born in Toledo, 
 Lucas County, but while she was a child 
 her parents moved to Michigan. In 1868 
 she married Dr. J. H. Woolley, and they 
 moved to Chicago in 1876. She was Chi- 
 cago correspondent of the Christian Regis- 
 ter for eight years and served as president 
 of the Chicago Woman's Club. She also was 
 pastor of the Unitarian Church at Geneva, 
 111., 1893-96. 
 
 Love and Theology; A Novel, Boston, 1887. 
 A Girl Graduate, New York, 1889. 
 Roger Hunt, New York, 1892. 
 
Woolley, J. G. 
 
 704 
 
 The Western Slope, Evanston, 1903. 
 The Angel at the Gate . . . , [Chicago], 
 1919. 
 
 WOOLLEY, JOHN GRANVILLE (Feb. 15, 
 1850-Aug. 13, 1922), lawyer and prohibi- 
 tionist, was born in Collinsville, Butler 
 County. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan 
 University in 1871 and from the University 
 of Michigan law school in 1873. He prac- 
 ticed law in Paris, 111., Minneapolis, Minn., 
 and New York City. A confirmed drunkard, 
 he suddenly reformed in 1888, and from 
 that time until his death he devoted himself 
 to the cause of prohibition. He lectured 
 against liquor in many parts of the world, 
 ran for President on the Prohibition ticket 
 in 1900, and edited the New Voice, 1899- 
 1906. Besides the titles below, many of his 
 speeches and articles were reprinted in pam- 
 phlet form. 
 Seed Number One Hard; Six Speeches, New 
 
 York, 1893. 
 The Christian Citizen, Chicago, [1900]. 
 Temperance Progress in the Century, (with 
 
 William E. Johnson), Philadelphia, 1903. 
 South Sea Letters, (with Mary V. Woolley), 
 
 Chicago, 1906. 
 Civic Sermons, 8 vols., Westerville, 1911. 
 
 WOOLLEY, SOLOMON JACKSON (Jan. 
 
 12, 1828-?), was born near Zanesville, 
 Muskingum County. He moved to Hocking 
 County at an early age. After traveling 
 through southern Ohio selling books and 
 clocks, he became a daguerreotypist and 
 traveled to the lower Mississippi country; 
 during the Civil War, he took pictures of 
 Union troops in West Virginia. In 1858 he 
 had acquired a farm near Hilliards, Frank- 
 lin County, and in 1870 he settled there and 
 conducted a factory for the manufacture of 
 drain tile. He contributed numerous articles 
 to agricultural publications, principally on 
 the subject of drainage. His autobiography 
 is not without interest, especially for its 
 account of his travels in southern Ohio. The 
 last third of the book is devoted to an ac- 
 count of litigation in which he had become 
 involved. 
 Life Recollections and Opinions of Solomon 
 
 Jackson Woolley. An Autobiography, 
 
 Columbus, 1881. 
 
 WOOLSEY, SARAH CHAUNCEY (Jan. 29, 
 1835-April 9, 1905), was born in Cleve- 
 land, Cuyahoga County, and attended pri- 
 vate schools there; she was also a student at 
 Mrs. Hubbard's Boarding School, Hanover, 
 N. H. When she was about twenty, her fam- 
 ily moved to New Haven, Conn. She did 
 
 hospital work during the Civil War. Around 
 
 1872 her family moved to Newport, R. I., 
 
 where she lived for the rest of her life. She 
 
 was one of the most popular juvenile 
 
 writers of her day. Her pen name was Su- 
 san Coolidge. 
 
 The New-year's Bargain, Boston, 1872. 
 
 What Katy Did, Boston, 1872. 
 
 Mischief's Thanksgiving, and Other Stories, 
 Boston, 1874. 
 
 What Katy Did at School, Boston, 1874. 
 
 Nine Little Goslings, Boston, 1875. 
 
 Eyebright, Boston, 1879. 
 
 Verses, Boston, 1880. 
 
 Cross Patch, and Other Stories . . . , Bos- 
 ton, 1881. 
 
 A Guernsey Lily . . . , Boston, 1881. 
 
 A Round Dozen, Boston, 1883. 
 
 A Little Country Girl, Boston, 1885. 
 
 What Katy Did Next, Boston, 1886. 
 
 A Short History of the City of Philadelphia 
 . . . , Boston, 1887. 
 
 Clover, Boston, 1888. 
 
 A Few More Verses, Boston, 1889. 
 
 Just Sixteen, Boston, 1889. 
 
 For Summer Afternoons, Boston, 1890. 
 
 Verses, Boston, 1890. 
 
 In the High Valley . . . , Boston, 1891. 
 
 Rhymes and Ballads for Girls and Boys, 
 Boston, 1892. 
 
 The Barberry Bush, and Eight Other Stories 
 . . . , Boston, 1893. 
 
 Not Quite Eighteen, Boston, 1894. 
 
 An Old Convent School in Paris, and Other 
 Papers, Boston, 1895. 
 
 Curly Locks, Boston, [1899]. 
 
 A Little Knight of Labor, Boston, [1899]. 
 
 Little Tommy Tucker, Boston, 1900. 
 
 Two Girls, Boston, [1900]. 
 
 Little Bo-Peep, Boston, [1901]. 
 
 Uncle and Aunt, Boston, [1901]. 
 
 The Rule of Three, Philadelphia, [1904]. 
 
 Last Verses, Boston, 1906. 
 
 A Sheaf of Stories, Boston, 1906. 
 
 WOOLSON, ABBA LOUISA GOOLD (April 
 30, 1838-Feb. 6, 1921), born in Windham, 
 Maine, taught for a short time at Mount 
 Auburn Ladies' Institute, Cincinnati. She 
 wrote and lectured for women's rights and 
 also published a number of essays and 
 sketches, e.g., Browsing among Books . . . , 
 Boston, 1881. 
 
 WOOLSON, CONSTANCE FENIMORE 
 
 (March 5, 1840-Jan. 24, 1894), was born in 
 Claremont, N. H. A critic for the Boston 
 Globe once suggested that she "may easily 
 become the novelist laureate" of her period, 
 a fanciful idea springing from Miss Wool- 
 son's wide range of diverse scenes. Between 
 1869 and 1894 she wrote nine volumes of 
 
705 
 
 Woolson, C. F. 
 
 fiction for adults, and she was extraordinar- 
 ily sensitive to regional life extending from 
 Mackinac to Florida. She was one of our 
 earliest and most authentic "local colorists," 
 writing of the Lake Superior country, Ohio, 
 Virginia, the Blue Ridge, and the Deep 
 South, both inland and along the eastern 
 coast from Charleston to Florida. Later she 
 became a transatlantic author, treating of 
 Americans in Italy. Henry James admired 
 her work, and William Dean Howells, when 
 he turned against her, erred grievously. One 
 volume of her short stories, Castle No- 
 where: Lake-Country Sketches (1875), de- 
 picts the Wine Islands of Lake Erie, Sepa- 
 ratists in northern Ohio, settlers in the St. 
 Clair Flats, and the French, Indians, Eng- 
 lish, and Americans on the shores and is- 
 lands of Lake Superior. Another, Rodman 
 the Keeper: Southern Sketches (1880), il- 
 luminates lives and customs in the war-torn 
 South and in Spanish Florida. Two volumes 
 of short stories, The Front Yard, and Other 
 Italian Stories (1895) and Dorothy, and 
 Other Italian Stories (1896), spring from 
 her observations of Americans in Italy. All 
 of her five novels were written in Italy, but 
 treat of life in the United States. Anne 
 (1882), her first, is laid in Mackinac and 
 New York; For the Major (1883), East 
 Angels (1886), Jupiter Lights (1889), and 
 Horace Chase (1894) bear largely on 
 Southern life. Jupiter Lights contains some 
 of her best writing, but Horace Chase — an 
 account of a self-made man who marries a 
 girl of a younger generation — is her highest 
 achievement in long fiction. Miss Woolson 
 was never married. Her fiction, though 
 mostly of a woman's world, is not maternal. 
 Her romantic heroines are not beautiful, 
 but they possess distinction of character; 
 her wives are frequently self-centered and 
 greedy. She made close studies of widows, 
 both young and old, of young wives too 
 selfish to establish families, and of elder, 
 unmarried sisters. Like Hawthorne and 
 James, she delved in minds distorted by 
 frustration; she was psychological in her 
 approach, and she centered her attention 
 on individuals. Her short stories exhibit 
 her extraordinary power to fuse period, 
 place, and character; they may be more 
 enduring than her novels. Family sorrows 
 determined Miss Woolson's far-flung resi- 
 dences. Her mother, a niece of James Feni- 
 more Cooper, noted in her diary: ". . . in 
 the early days of March [1840] came Num- 
 ber Six [Constance]. . . . When she was 
 but two days old, scarlet fever appeared in 
 the family, and in three short weeks, three 
 of our dear little ones entered Paradise." 
 Only Connie and the two eldest survived. 
 
 The family moved to Cleveland, where 
 Constance came under the literary influence 
 of Miss Lucinda (Linda) Guilford (q.v.). 
 She also attended Madame Chegary's school 
 in New York City. In Cleveland both of her 
 elder sisters died, and Constance — born 
 sixth — became the eldest living child. Her 
 father, a manufacturer and merchant, took 
 his family on long vacations to the Lake 
 Superior region and to various places in 
 northern Ohio and the Tuscarawas Valley. 
 After her father"s death in 1869, Miss 
 Woolson began her literary career, using 
 materials of the Great Lakes country and 
 of interior Ohio. Following the death of 
 her sister Clara's husband, Miss Woolson 
 and her mother lived in the South: in the 
 summer there was Asheville, N. C; in the 
 winter, St. Augustine, Fla. There were also 
 periods of residence in Charleston, S. C, in 
 Tennessee, and in Georgia. In 1879 her 
 mother died, and Miss Woolson and her 
 sister, Clara Benedict, sailed for Europe. 
 Miss Woolson chose Italy for her residence 
 — Florence, Rome, and finally Venice, with 
 long periods in Switzerland, Germany, and 
 England. She died in Venice. In letters to 
 her nephew, Samuel Mather, of Cleveland, 
 and to other relatives (first printed in the 
 South Atlantic Quarterly, January, 1940), 
 Miss Woolson revealed the painstaking care 
 she gave to her work: ". . . each page of 
 my novels," she once wrote, "is thought of, 
 literally, for years before it is written out 
 for the final time." And in another letter 
 she described her life in Venice: "I am 
 called at AVi a.m. I take a cup of tea, & 
 go out to walk at 5. Come in at 6, or soon 
 after. Bath; breakfast; cool linen attire. 
 Then my stand-up desk, where I remain 
 until 7 p.m. with a half an hour's rest at 
 noon. ... At evening, dinner; ... & the 
 evening is spent on my high-up terrace, 
 under the splendid stars, & overlooking 
 the wide view." 
 
 Lyon N. Richardson 
 
 The Old Stone House, (Pseud., Anne 
 
 March), Boston, 1873. 
 Castle Nowhere: Lake Country Sketches, 
 
 Boston, 1875. 
 Two Women: 1862. A Poem, New York, 
 
 1877. 
 Rodman the Keeper: Southern Sketches, 
 
 New York, 1880. 
 Anne: A Novel, New York, 1882. 
 For the Major, a Novelette, New York, 
 
 1883. 
 East Angels, a Novel, New York. [1886]. 
 Jupiter Lights: A Novel, New York, 1889. 
 Horace Chase: A Novel, New York, 1894. 
 The Front Yard, and Other Italian Stories, 
 
 New York, 1895. 
 
Worcester 
 
 706 
 
 Dorothy and Other Italian Stories, New 
 
 York, 1896. 
 Mentone, Cairo and Corfu, New York, 
 
 1896. 
 
 WORCESTER, ELWOOD (May 16, 1862- 
 July 19, 1940), clergyman, was born in 
 Massillon, Stark County, but grew up in 
 Rochester, N. Y., where his parents moved 
 while he was a child. He graduated from 
 Columbia University in 1886, General 
 Theological Seminary in 1887, and the Uni- 
 versity of Leipzig (Ph.D.) in 1889. Or- 
 dained an Episcopal deacon in 1890 and a 
 priest in 1891, he was on the faculty of 
 Lehigh University, 1890-96, rector of St. 
 Stephen's Church, Philadelphia, 1896-1904, 
 and rector of Emmanuel Church, Boston, 
 1904-29. In Boston he worked in close 
 cooperation with physicians and psychia- 
 trists, and the "Emmanuel Movement" 
 aroused great interest in America and Eu- 
 rope. He published articles and books on 
 religion and psychotherapy and an auto- 
 biography, Life's Adventure . . . , New 
 York, 1932. DAB 22 
 
 WORDEN, WILBERTINE TETERS (June, 
 
 1870-April 27, 1949), was born in Cald- 
 well, Noble County, and lived there for the 
 first nine years of her life. A graduate of 
 Colorado State University, she married 
 Charles G. Worden, who died in 1898. She 
 was later married to the author Harry Leon 
 Wilson, but after being divorced from him 
 resumed the name of her first husband. 
 She wrote for numerous magazines and 
 newspapers. 
 
 The Snows of Yester-year; A Novel, Bos- 
 ton, 1895. 
 
 WORK, EDGAR WHITTAKER (Nov. 20, 
 1862-April 17, 1934). clergyman, was born 
 in Logan, Hocking County. He graduated 
 from University of Wooster in 1884 and 
 from Lane Theological Seminary in 1887. 
 He served Presbyterian pastorates in Van 
 Wert, 1887-90, and Dayton, 1895-1902, 
 and was on the Wooster faculty, 1890-95. 
 He later served churches in New York and 
 Colorado. His writings include Study to 
 Be Quiet, Chicago, 1904. WWW 1 
 
 WORK, F. ERNEST (Jan. 22, 1877-Oct. 26, 
 1957), educator, was born in Indiana 
 County, Pa. He earned his doctorate in 
 history at Ohio State University and served 
 for 24 years on the faculty of Muskingum 
 College. At the suggestion of Ethiopian stu- 
 dents who had been in his classes, Emperor 
 Haile Selassie invited him to Ethiopia to 
 
 organize the educational system. He also 
 helped write the constitution of Ethiopia. 
 He was decorated by the Emperor. He 
 wrote Ethiopia, a Pawn in European Diplo- 
 macy, New Concord, [1935]. 
 
 WORKMAN, CHARLES HANSON (April 
 23, 1859-April 29, 1945), educator and 
 lawyer, was born in Holmes County. He 
 graduated from Ohio Northern University 
 in 1882 and from the law school in 1884. 
 He taught history at Ohio Northern, 1883— 
 91. After being admitted to the bar in 
 1894, he practiced in Mansfield. 
 Lincoln in Debate, Ada, 1893. 
 A Visit to St. Gauden's [sic] Lincoln, 
 [Mansfield, 1926]. 
 
 WORKMAN, MARY CHRISTIANIA SHEE- 
 
 DY (Nov. 12, 1859-March 12, 1926), was 
 born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. After 
 attending Ohio Northern University and 
 studying in Paris, she taught school in 
 southwestern Ohio for eleven years. After 
 marrying Charles H. Workman (q.v.), she 
 lived in Mansfield. Under the name Mrs. 
 Hanson Workman, she wrote a privately 
 printed novel: An American Singer in Paris 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1908. 
 
 WORTH, GORHAM A. (1783-1856), banker, 
 was born in New York State. He was a 
 banker in Cincinnati for a number of years 
 and later lived in New York City and Al- 
 bany. His American Bards, an imitation of 
 Byronic satire, has erroneously been called 
 the first book of original verse published 
 west of the mountains — an honor rightfully 
 due Thomas Johnson of Kentucky. Worth's 
 poems were published anonymously; the 
 Sketches are signed "O.P.Q."; and Random 
 Recollections contains a note to the pub- 
 lisher signed Ignatius Jones. 
 A New-Year's Lay . . . , [Cincinnati, 1816]. 
 American Bards .... [Cincinnati], 1819. 
 Sketches of the Character of the New-York 
 
 Press, New York, 1844. 
 Random Recollections of Albany . . . , Al- 
 bany, 1849. 
 Recollections of Cincinnati . . . , Albany, 
 1851. 
 
 WORTHINGTON, EDWARD WILLIAM 
 
 (May 10, 1854-April 15, 1906), Episcopal 
 clergyman, born in Batavia, N. Y., was 
 pastor of Grace Church, Cleveland, from 
 1887 until his death. 
 Ember Days and Other Papers, Milwaukee, 
 
 1897. 
 The Holy Eucharist Devotionally Consid- 
 ered, New York, [1901]. 
 
707 
 
 Wright, E. 
 
 WORTHINGTON, THOMAS (March 18, 
 1807-Feb. 23, 1884), soldier, bon of Gov- 
 ernor Thomas Worthington, was born at 
 Adena, Ross County. He graduated from 
 the U. S. Military Academy in 1827, served 
 in the Mexican War, and was colonel of 
 the 46th O.V.I, in the Civil War. Besides 
 the titles below, he published a military 
 manual for volunteers in 1861. He was con- 
 vinced that both Grant and Sherman held 
 personal grudges against him and therefore 
 blocked his promotion; this conviction un- 
 derlies all of his writings on the war. The 
 first title was announced for six parts, but 
 only the first appeared. 
 
 The Blunders of the Rebellion and Their 
 Dead Sea Fruit . . . , Washington, D. C, 
 1869. 
 Shiloh . . . , Washington, D. C, 1872. 
 Brief History of the 46th Ohio Volunteers, 
 
 [Washington, D. C.?, 1878?]. 
 Col. Worthington Vindicated . . . , Wash- 
 ington, D. C, 1878. 
 A Correct History of Grant at the Battle of 
 
 Shiloh . . . , Washington, D. C, 1880. 
 A Correct History of Pope, McDowell, and 
 Fitz John Porter at the Second Battle of 
 Bull Run . . . , Washington, D. C, 1880. 
 Report on the Flank March to Join Mc- 
 Clernand's Right . . . , Washington, D. C, 
 1880. 
 
 WORTS, GEORGE FRANK (March 16, 
 1892- ), was born in Toledo, Lucas 
 County. He was a radio operator on the 
 Great Lakes and the Pacific, 1910-14, stud- 
 ied at Columbia University, 1914-15, and 
 has since been a free-lance writer. Since 
 1941 he has lived in Hawaii. He has written 
 a number of motion-picture scripts and nov- 
 els, e.g.. Dangerous Young Man, New 
 York, 1940, and under the pen name Loring 
 Brent, No More a Corpse, New York, 
 [1932]. WW 30 
 
 WRIGHT, CHARLES (Aug. 27. 1834-July 
 10, 1902), was born near Oxford, Butler 
 County. In Aug., 1861, he enlisted in the 
 81st O.V.I, and served for three years un- 
 til discharged for a hip injury. He later 
 served as Oxford Township clerk for 22 
 years and as clerk of the board of educa- 
 tion. 
 
 A Corporal's Stoiy. Experiences in the 
 Ranks of Company C, 81st Ohio Vol- 
 unteer Infantry . . . , Philadelphia, 1887. 
 
 WRIGHT, CHARLES BAKER (Oct. 5, 
 
 1859-April 24, 1942), educator, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He gradu- 
 ated from Buchtel College in 1880. From 
 1885 to 1920 he was on the faculty of 
 Middlebury College. He published several 
 
 books, including A Teacher's Avocations, 
 Middlebury, [Vt.], 1925, and a collection of 
 poetry: Verses in Varying Mood, Middle- 
 bury, Vt., 1931. WWW 2 
 
 WRIGHT, D. THEW (Nov. 25, 1825-Sept. 
 11, 1912), lawyer, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He attended Woodward 
 College, graduated from Yale University in 
 1847 and Harvard Law School in 1849, and 
 was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1850. He 
 served on the state supreme court bench, 
 1873-76. His only novel was based on a 
 protracted Cincinnati law case, Young vs. 
 Dagneaux et al. 
 
 Miss Armington's Ward; Or, the Inferior 
 Sex, Boston. 1874. 
 
 WRIGHT, EDWARD E. (April 23, 1859-?), 
 was born in Harrisville, Harrison County. 
 He wrote Everard and Eulalia when he was 
 eighteen years old and was teaching school 
 in Harrison County. He later became the 
 amanuensis of Robert J. Burdette (q.v.) in 
 Burlington. Iowa. He practiced law in 
 Council Bluffs. Iowa, and later lived in 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Everard and Eulalia, Council Bluffs, Iowa, 
 
 [1886]. 
 The Lightning's Flash . . . , Council Bluffs, 
 Iowa, [1892]. 
 
 WRIGHT, EDWARD STAGER (Feb. 20, 
 1862-Aug. 16, 1910), journalist, was born 
 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. He worked 
 on various newspapers in Cleveland and 
 other cities and wrote a travel book: West- 
 ward 'Round the World, New York, [1908]. 
 
 WRIGHT, ELEAZER. Pseud. See Richard 
 McNemar. 
 
 WRIGHT, ELIZUR (Feb. 12, 1804-Nov. 21, 
 1885), was born in South Canaan, Conn. 
 When he was six years old, his family 
 moved to Tallmadge, and he grew up in 
 that community. After graduating from 
 Yale University in 1826, he joined the 
 faculty of Western Reserve College at Hud- 
 son. Dissension over the conservative posi- 
 tion of the college on the antislavery ques- 
 tion caused several faculty members, in- 
 cluding Wright, to resign in 1833. He be- 
 came corresponding secretary of the Ameri- 
 can Anti-Slavery Society in 1833, edited 
 many of the society's tracts, and was editor 
 of the Quarterly Anti-Slavery Magazine. 
 He later broke with the abolitionist leaders, 
 and in 1841 he published a translation of 
 La Fontaine's Fables which he sold from 
 door to door. In 1846 he founded a news- 
 paper in Boston, the Weekly Chronotype, 
 
Wright, F. 
 
 708 
 
 in which he began to tilt against life insur- 
 ance companies, with the result that he was 
 employed by several companies to set up 
 sound tables. For the rest of his life he 
 continued his "lobby for the widow and the 
 orphan" and also was employed as an ac- 
 tuary by several insurance companies. 
 Known as the "father of life insurance." he 
 actually was a censor whose efforts had 
 much to do with the establishment of sound 
 standards for insurance. He published a 
 number of actuarial tables and similar com- 
 pilations not listed below. 
 The Sin of Slavery, and Its Remedy . . . , 
 
 New York, 1833. 
 The District School, According to the Lan- 
 casterian [sic] Method of Teaching, 
 Oberlin, 1843. 
 An Eye-Opener for the Wide Awakes, Bos- 
 ton, 1860. 
 The Programme of Peace, Boston, 1862. 
 A Curiosity of Law . . . , Boston. 1866. 
 Savings-Banks Life Insurance . . . , Boston, 
 
 1872. 
 Politics and Mysteries of Life Insurance, 
 
 Boston, 1873. 
 Elements of Life Insurance . . . , Boston, 
 
 1876. 
 Traps Baited with Orphans . . . , Boston, 
 
 1877. 
 The Necessity of Reform in Life Insurance, 
 
 [Boston, 1878]. 
 Insurance and Self-insurance . . . , Boston, 
 
 1880. 
 Myron Holley; And What He Did for Lib- 
 erty and True Religion, Boston, 1882. 
 
 WRIGHT, FRANCES. See Frances Wright 
 D'Arusmont. 
 
 WRIGHT, GEORGE ERNEST (Sept. 5, 
 1909- ), educator, was born in Zanes- 
 ville, Muskingum County. He graduated 
 from the College of Wooster in 1931, from 
 McCormick Theological Seminary in 1934, 
 and Johns Hopkins University (Ph.D.) in 
 1936. He has been on the faculty of Mc- 
 Cormick Seminary since 1939. He has 
 written several articles and books on ar- 
 chaeology and religion, e.g., The Old Testa- 
 ment against Its Environment, Chicago, 
 1950. WW 30 
 
 WRIGHT. GEORGE FREDERICK (Jan. 22, 
 
 1838-April 20, 1921). clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Whitehall, N. Y. After 
 graduating from Oberlin College in 1859 
 and Oberlin Seminary in 1862, he served 
 Congregational churches in New England. 
 1862-81. While serving a church in An- 
 dover, Mass., his observations of a gravel 
 bank near his parsonage became the turn- 
 
 ing point in his career. His theory that it 
 was of glacial rather than marine origin 
 brought him widespread attention from 
 geologists. His theories as to the antiquity 
 of man were closely related to his theologi- 
 cal and geological interests. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Oberlin faculty, 1881-1907, and 
 was editor of Biblotheca Sacra, 1883-1921. 
 In 1901 he made a journey across Asia and 
 through Turkestan. Besides his books he 
 wrote nearly 600 magazine articles. 
 The Logic of Christian Evidences, Andover, 
 
 [Mass.], 1880. 
 An Inquiry Concerning the Relation of 
 
 Death to Probation, Boston, [1882]. 
 Studies in Science and Religion, Andover. 
 
 Mass., 1882. 
 The Glacial Boundary in Ohio, Indiana and 
 
 Kentucky, Cleveland, 1884. 
 The Ice Age in North America and Its 
 
 Bearings upon the Antiquity of Man, 
 
 New York, 1889. 
 The Muir Glacier, Alaska, Philadelphia, 
 
 [1889]. 
 Charles Grandison Finney, New York, 
 
 1891. 
 Man and the Glacial Period, New York, 
 
 1892. 
 Greenland Ice Fields and Life in the North 
 
 Atlantic . . . , New York, 1896. 
 Memorial of Charles Candee Baldwin . . . , 
 
 Cleveland, 1896. 
 Asiatic Russia, 2 vols., New York, 1902. 
 Scientific Confirmation of Old Testament 
 
 History, Oberlin, 1906. 
 Origin and Antiquity of Man, Oberlin, 1912. 
 See Ohio First . . . , Oberlin, [1915]. 
 A Standard History of Lorain County . . . , 
 
 2 vols., Chicago, 1916. 
 Story of My Life and Work, Oberlin, 1916. 
 Scientific Aspects of the Christian Religion, 
 
 New York, [n.d.]. 
 
 WRIGHT, HENRY COLLIER (Aug. 29, 
 1868-Oct. 24, 1935), was born in Leroy, 
 Medina County. After graduating from 
 Ohio Wesleyan University in 1892, he was 
 director of the Citizens' Party, Cincinnati, 
 an investigator for the Russell Sage Foun- 
 dation, and a commissioner of the Depart- 
 ment of Public Charities of New York City. 
 He lectured and wrote articles on social 
 work and also published a book, largely 
 devoted to an attack on George B. Cox: 
 Bossism in Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 1905. 
 WWW 1 
 
 WRIGHT, HOWELL (Jan. 21, 1882-Nov. 3. 
 
 1954), born in Swansea, Mass., graduated 
 from Yale University in 1906 and in 1912 
 came to Cleveland as superintendent of 
 Cleveland Associated Charities. He later 
 
709 
 
 Wright, P. G. 
 
 was public utilities director for the city. 
 His writings include Public Ownership, 
 Promises and Results . . . , Cleveland, 
 [1936]. 
 
 WRIGHT, ISAAC (1859-Jan. 31, 1929), 
 journalist, was born in Stockport, England, 
 but his parents settled in Toledo while he 
 was still a young boy. From 1873 until his 
 death he wrote for various Toledo news- 
 papers. 
 
 The East Side, Past and Present, [Toledo, 
 1894]. 
 
 WRIGHT, JOHN A. (Aug. 27, 1854-Aug. 
 22, 1929), physician, was born in Portland, 
 Maine, but his family moved to Toledo in 
 1868. After attending the University of 
 Michigan, he graduated from Miami Medi- 
 cal College, Cincinnati, in 1877 and im- 
 mediately afterward began practice in Tol- 
 edo. He taught at Toledo Medical College 
 and was first president of the Toledo Medi- 
 cal Society. He published medical articles 
 and a book about a pilgrimage to Rome: 
 The Story of a Modern Pilgrim, Toledo, 
 1926. 
 
 WRIGHT, JOHN FLAVEL (1795-Sept. 13, 
 1879), clergyman, was a pastor in Cincin- 
 nati in the 1820s and also was an official 
 of the Methodist Book Concern, 1832-44. 
 Sketches of the Life and Labors of James 
 Quinn . . . , Cincinnati, 1851. 
 
 WRIGHT, LOUIS CLINTON (Feb. 3, 1879- 
 Feb. 10, 1953), clergyman and educator, 
 was born in Virgil, N. Y. He graduated 
 from Syracuse University in 1904, Boston 
 University School of Theology in 1907, and 
 Boston University (Ph.D.) in 1917. He was 
 pastor of Epworth-Euclid Church, Cleve- 
 land, 1920-34, and president of Baldwin- 
 Wallace College, 1934-48. He published 
 Trails for Climbing Youth, New York, 
 [1939]. WW 26 
 
 WRIGHT, LOUISE C. (May 9, 1866-Oct. 3, 
 1953), educator, born in Princeton, N. J., 
 taught in the Cleveland school system, 
 1916-40. A graduate of Neff College of 
 Physical Education, Philadelphia, she taught 
 at Fort Edward Collegiate Institution, 
 N. Y., for several years before coming to 
 Cleveland. She died in Elyria, where she 
 had lived since her retirement from teach- 
 ing. She wrote a book for children: Story 
 Plays, New York, 1923. 
 
 WRIGHT, MARMADUKE BURR (Nov. 10, 
 1803-Aug. 15, 1879), physician and edu- 
 cator, was born in Pemberton, N. J. In 
 
 1823, after graduating in medicine from the 
 University of Pennsylvania, he settled in 
 Columbus. He served on the faculty of the 
 Medical College of Ohio in various capaci- 
 ties from 1838 until his retirement in 1868. 
 He contributed many professional papers to 
 medical journals and delivered numerous 
 addresses that were reprinted in pamphlet 
 form. Otto Juettner described him as "a 
 great obstetrician, splendid and honest 
 medical politician, brilliant teacher, man of 
 affairs and versatile medical writer." He 
 died in Cincinnati. 
 Incidents of Professional Life, Cincinnati, 
 
 1841. 
 The Science of Medicine as a Compilation 
 
 of Truths, Cincinnati, 1843. 
 The Memorial of M. B. Wright in Relation 
 to the Medical College of Ohio . . . , 
 Columbus, 1851. 
 Historical Reminiscences of the Professors 
 of the Medical College of Ohio, Cincin- 
 nati, 1861. 
 The Idolatry of Our People; Or, the Rebel- 
 lion in Its Medical Aspects, Cincinnati, 
 1862. 
 
 WRIGHT, MARY TAPPAN (Dec, 1851- 
 Aug. 28, 1916), was born in Steubenville, 
 Jefferson County. Her father was a pro- 
 fessor at Kenyon College. In 1879 she 
 married John H. Wright. She lived for 
 many years in Cambridge, Mass., and her 
 death occurred in that community. 
 A Truce, and Other Stories, New York, 
 
 1895. 
 Aliens, New York, 1902. 
 The Test, New York, 1904. 
 The Tower, New York, 1906. 
 The Charioteers, New York, 1912. 
 
 WRIGHT, NATHANIEL (Jan. 28, 1789-May 
 20, 1875), clergyman, was born in Han- 
 over, N. H. He graduated from Dartmouth 
 College in 1811, read law, and began prac- 
 ticing in Cincinnati in 1817. He retired in 
 1842. His Memorial Address was delivered 
 April 28, 1872, in the Second Presbyterian 
 Church just after the church building was 
 sold. It contains many reminiscences of 
 early Cincinnati. 
 Memorial Address . . . , Cincinnati, 1873. 
 
 WRIGHT, PHILIP GREEN (Oct. 3, 1861- 
 Sept. 4, 1934), born in Boston, Mass., 
 taught mathematics at Buchtel College, 
 1884-86. Remarkably versatile, he worked 
 as a civil engineer, taught a variety of sub- 
 jects, wrote several technical studies of 
 tariff laws, and published three volumes of 
 poetry, e.g., The Dial of the Heart, Boston, 
 1905. DAB 20 
 
Wright, T. L. 
 
 710 
 
 WRIGHT, THOMAS LEE (Aug. 7, 1825- 
 1893), physician, was born in Windham, 
 Portage County. After attending Miami 
 University, he graduated from Ohio Medi- 
 cal College in 1846. He then went to Kan- 
 sas, where he was adopted into the Wyan- 
 dot tribe of Indians and practiced among 
 them until 1854. In 1856 he returned to 
 Ohio and practiced in Bellefontaine. 
 Notes on the Theory of Human Existence, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1848. 
 A Disquisition on the Ancient History of 
 
 Medicine . . . , Cincinnati, 1855. 
 Medico-Legal: An Inquiry . . . , Columbus, 
 
 1860. 
 Science and Revelation, Bellefontaine, 1878. 
 Responsibility Restricted by Insane Delu- 
 sion, [Cincinnati, 1879]. 
 The Quality of Mental Operations Debased 
 
 by the Use of Alcohol . . . , St. Louis, 
 
 Mo., 1881. 
 Inebriism, a Pathological and Psychological 
 
 Study, Columbus, 1885. 
 
 WRIGHT, WILLIAM (May 9, 1829-March 
 16, 1898), journalist, was born in Ohio of 
 Quaker parents. In 1847 he went to Iowa, 
 where he lived for ten years, writing for 
 Iowa newspapers and Graham's Magazine. 
 He went to the Sierra Nevadas in 1857, and 
 while wandering from one mining camp to 
 another wrote humorous sketches for vari- 
 ous newspapers that he signed Dan De- 
 Quille, the name by which he is generally 
 known. In 1861 he became editor of the 
 Virginia City Daily Territorial Enterprise. 
 He is best remembered in literary history 
 for his relationship with Mark Twain, who 
 was on the staff, 1862-64. The two men 
 remained lifelong friends. He died in West 
 Lafayette, Iowa. 
 
 History of the Big Bonanza . . . , San Fran- 
 cisco, 1876. 
 A History of the Comstock Silver Lode & 
 Mines . . . , Virginia [City], Nevada, 
 [1889]. 
 
 WRIGHT, WILLIAM BURNET (April 15, 
 1838-May 2, 1924), clergyman, was born 
 in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. He gradu- 
 ated from Dartmouth College in 1857 and 
 Andover Theological Seminary in 1860. 
 After his ordination to the Congregational 
 ministry, he served churches in Boston, 
 Mass., and Buffalo, N. Y. He was a popular 
 lecturer on history, literature, and biog- 
 raphy. He died in Buffalo. 
 Ancient Cities from the Dawn to the Day- 
 light, Boston, 1886. 
 The World to Come, Boston, 1887. 
 Master and Men; Or, the Sermon on the 
 
 Mount Practiced on the Plain, Boston, 
 
 1894. 
 Cities of Paul . . . , Boston, 1905. 
 The Heart of the Master, Boston, 1911. 
 
 WRIGHT, WILLIAM HEERMANS (July 18, 
 
 1900-April 23, 1952). merchant, was born 
 in Cadiz, Harrison County. He graduated 
 from Ohio State University in 1922, mar- 
 ried Margaret Aikin in 1926, and for a 
 number of years operated a department 
 store in Warren, Pa. He wrote a column in 
 the Warren Times-Mirror, a number of 
 short stories, two historical dramas in verse, 
 and numerous poems. He published a col- 
 lection of verse: But Not for the Knight, 
 [Warren, Pa.], 1935. 
 
 WUNDER, CLINTON (Dec. 17, 1892- ), 
 clergyman, was born in Cincinnati, Hamil- 
 ton County. He graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati in 1914, spent several 
 years in Y.M.C.A. work, and graduated 
 from Rochester Theological Seminary in 
 1922. He was pastor of Baptist Temple, 
 Rochester, 1921-29, was a lecturer and 
 broadcaster, and was a Dale Carnegie In- 
 stitute instructor. He published a handbook 
 on church methods: "Crowds of Souls" for 
 the Church and the Kingdom, New York, 
 [1926]. WW 30 
 
 WUNKER, PEGGY (Aug. 15, 1910- ), was 
 born in Danville, Ky. She attended Ken- 
 tucky public schools and the University of 
 Cincinnati. She has written book reviews 
 for the Cincinnati Enquirer and has pub- 
 lished poems in various periodicals and 
 anthologies. In 1932 she married Howard 
 Wunker and has since lived in Cincinnati. 
 She has published Poems, New York, 1939. 
 
 WYER, SAMUEL S. (Feb. 18, 1879-Nov. 30, 
 1955), engineer, was born in Wayne 
 County. He graduated from Ohio State Uni- 
 versity in 1903 and began practicing as a 
 consulting engineer in Columbus in 1905. 
 He also lectured widely on social and in- 
 dustrial problems and published books and 
 pamphlets on utilities and resources, e.g., 
 Regulation, Valuation and Depreciation of 
 Public Utilities, Columbus, [1913]. WWW 3 
 
 WYLIE, DAVID GOURLEY (May 15, 1857- 
 Aug. 26, 1930), clergyman, was born in 
 New Richland, Logan County. He gradu- 
 ated from Geneva College in 1879, Union 
 Theological Seminary in 1883, and New 
 York University (Ph.D.) in 1888. He after- 
 ward served as pastor of various Presby- 
 terian churches in New York State. 
 A Visit to Europe, 1895. 
 The Minister's Companion, 1910. 
 
711 
 
 Yates, E. H. E. 
 
 WYLIE, EDNA EDWARDS (April 17, 1876- 
 Nov. 25, 1907), born in Sibley, Iowa, spent 
 her last years in Cleveland, where her hus- 
 band, E. M. Wylie, was a clergyman. She 
 published several works of fiction, e.g., The 
 Ward of the Sewing-Circle, Boston, 1905. 
 WWW 1 
 
 WYLIE, RICHARD CAMERON (Aug. 27, 
 1846-July 31, 1928), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born near Zanesville, Mus- 
 kingum County. He graduated from Mus- 
 kingum College in 1870 and Allegheny 
 Seminary in 1875. In 1908 he joined the 
 faculty of Allegheny Seminary. His writings 
 include Sabbath Laws in the United States, 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 1905. WWW 1 
 
 WYMAN, MARY ELIZABETH TISDEL 
 
 (March 26, 1845-May 11, 1926), was born 
 in Madison, Lake County. In 1868 she mar- 
 ried Don Lloyd Wyman, author of a num- 
 ber of stories for children. After living in 
 Nebraska for a number of years, they re- 
 turned to Ohio and settled in Painesville. 
 She published a genealogical work and The 
 New Dealers of 1776, Painesville, 1935. 
 
 WYMAN, WILLIAM H. (July 21, 1831-Oct. 
 7, 1911), insurance executive, was born in 
 Canton, N. Y. In 1850 he entered the Cin- 
 cinnati office of the Protection Company as 
 a junior clerk, and as time went by he 
 became one of the leading insurance under- 
 writers in the region. During his business 
 career he became absorbed in the Bacon- 
 Shakespeare controversy and compiled his 
 annotated bibliography, one of the least 
 known yet one of the most valuable con- 
 tributions to the subject. In 1890 he moved 
 to Omaha, Neb., where he spent the re- 
 mainder of his life. 
 Bibliography of the Bacon-Shakespeare 
 
 Controversy, with Notes and Extracts, 
 
 Cincinnati, 1884. 
 
 WYRICK, DAVID (?-?), was born in Ohio, 
 probably in Newark, Licking County. 
 Largely self-educated, he had decided abili- 
 ties in some fields, especially mathematics, 
 
 and served for some years as county sur- 
 veyor until the condition of his legs, swollen 
 by elephantiasis, forced him to retire. In 
 1860—61 he perpetrated one of the most 
 amusing hoaxes in the history of Ohio 
 archaeology. On June 29, 1860, he ap- 
 peared on the streets of Newark exhibiting 
 with great exultation the stone afterward 
 known as the "Newark Holy Stone," as 
 proof of his contention that the Hebrews 
 were the builders of the earthworks of the 
 Midwest. He claimed to have discovered it 
 while excavating in the earthworks near 
 Newark. Bearing on each of its four sides 
 an inscription in Hebrew, it was a sensa- 
 tional discovery; it soon became the prop- 
 erty of the Ethnological Society of New 
 York and was the subject of much specula- 
 tion among the distinguished members of 
 that society. Had Wyrick rested on his 
 laurels, his fame might have remained se- 
 cure. But in November of the next year, 
 he produced a second stone and published 
 his pamphlet describing his discoveries. The 
 second stone carried a likeness of a some- 
 what pugnacious Moses with his name in 
 Hebrew above his head. This was too much 
 for even the most gullible archaeologists, 
 and the imposition was discovered. Wyrick 
 died soon afterward, and among his effects 
 was found a Hebrew Bible and evidence 
 that it had been a secret study for years. 
 Ernest J. Wessen 
 A Representation of the Two Stones with 
 the Characters Inscribed upon Them, 
 That Were Found by D. Wyrick, during 
 the Summer of 1860, Near Newark, 
 Ohio, Newark, [1861?]. 
 
 WYSNER, GLORA MAY, teacher and mis- 
 sionary, born in Anderson, Ind., lived in 
 Ohio for about ten years. She taught in 
 Ohio schools, 1917-21, attended Ohio Uni- 
 versity, and was a social worker in Cleve- 
 land, 1923-26. Ordained to the Methodist 
 ministry, she served as a missionary in Al- 
 geria, 1926-39, and as secretary of the In- 
 ternational Missionary Council. She has 
 published magazine articles, pamphlets, and 
 books, e.g., Near East Panorama, New 
 York, [1950]. WWAW 1 
 
 YATES, EMMA HAYDEN EAMES (Haydie) 
 (c.l897-July 1, 1950), was born in Bar 
 Harbor, Maine. Her father was an auto- 
 mobile manufacturer in Cleveland, and she 
 
 spent her girlhood in that city and Hagers- 
 town, Md. She was on the staff of The New 
 Yorker during its early years. She died in 
 Naples, Fla. She lived on a Wyoming ranch, 
 
Yates, S. A. 
 
 712 
 
 1927-34, and later wrote an account of her 
 experiences: 70 Miles from a Lemon, Bos- 
 ton, 1947. 
 
 YATES, SARAH ANNIE (Feb. 15, 1850- 
 Dec. 3, 1933), was born in Troy, N. Y. 
 She lived in England during part of her 
 girlhood and afterward lived in the Da- 
 kotas. After the death of her husband, she 
 attended Metaphysical College of Illinois 
 and Cincinnati Eclectic College. In 1887 she 
 settled in Cincinnati, where she founded 
 Cincinnati Metaphysical College the follow- 
 ing year. She wrote a book of recollections 
 which also includes her views on "mental 
 therapy": Leaves from the Autumn of a 
 Busy Life, [Cincinnati, 1929]. 
 
 YOCUM, EDITH EBERLE. See Edith Eberle. 
 
 YORICK. Pseud. See James W. Ward. 
 
 YOUMANS, ELEANOR (Sept. 7, 1876- 
 ), was born in Maxville, Mo., but her 
 parents moved to Licking County in 1881. 
 She married Briggs M. Youmans in 1900. 
 Her last known address is Pataskala, Lick- 
 ing County. She has written a number of 
 books for children, e.g., Skitter Cat, In- 
 dianapolis, [1925]. 
 
 YOUNG, AGNES BROOKS (Nov. 18, 1898- 
 ), was born in Cleveland, Cuyahoga 
 County. After studying art in Cleveland, 
 New York, and Paris, she married George 
 B. Young. She was costume director of the 
 Cleveland Playhouse, 1923-27, was with 
 the Yale University Theatre, 1928-29, and 
 taught at Western Reserve University, 
 1930-32. She has written and lectured on 
 fashions and the stage. Under the pen name 
 Agatha Young, she has also published sev- 
 eral novels; the first was a story of Cleve- 
 land in the 1870s: Light in the Sky, [1948]. 
 WW 30 
 
 YOUNG, ALLYN ABBOTT (Sept. 19, 1876- 
 March 7, 1929), educator, was born in 
 Kenton, Hardin County. He graduated from 
 Hiram College in 1894 and the University 
 of Wisconsin (Ph.D.) in 1902. After teach- 
 ing at Western Reserve University from 
 1902 to 1904, he served at various other 
 institutions. He was teaching at the Lon- 
 don School of Economics at the time of his 
 death. His publications were largely tech- 
 nical papers in the field of economics. A 
 collection of his addresses and essays was 
 published: Economic Problems, New and 
 Old, New York, 1927. DAB 20 
 
 YOUNG, CALVIN M. (May 6, 1851-Dec. 29. 
 1918), was born in Darke County. After 
 
 attending district schools, he operated a 
 farm and made archaeological research and 
 local history his avocation. He wrote Little 
 Turtle . . . , [Indianapolis], 1917. 
 
 YOUNG, CATHERINE (Aug. 21, 1900- 
 ), was born in Akron, Summit County. 
 After graduating from Akron West High 
 School in 1917, she attended Smith College 
 and after her graduation taught at Hunter 
 College for a time. She is now Mrs. Jack 
 Masters, Sea Island City, N. J. While spend- 
 ing a year in southern France, she wrote 
 A Lady Who Loved Herself . . . , New 
 York, 1930. 
 
 YOUNG, CHARLES VAN PATTEN (Nov. 
 30, 1876- ), educator, was born in Mid- 
 dletown, Butler County. He graduated from 
 Cornell University in 1899 and Princeton 
 Theological Seminary in 1902. He was a 
 member of the Cornell physical education 
 department, 1904-44. He has written books 
 on rowing and on Cornell, and a history 
 of athletics: How Men Have Lived, Boston. 
 1931. WW 26 
 
 YOUNG, DAN (April 7. 1783-March 30, 
 1867), was born in Grafton County, N. H. 
 At the age of 22 he became a Methodist 
 minister and preached in several New Eng- 
 land states. In 1820 he formed a company 
 which he led to Ohio. They moved down 
 the Allegheny River on flatboats to the 
 Ohio and landed at Hayport (Wheelers- 
 burg), Scioto County, where Young built 
 a cotton mill. He later organized the Ohio 
 Iron Company and built several furnaces 
 in southern Ohio. 
 
 Autobiography of Dan Young, a New Eng- 
 land Preacher of the Olden Time, New 
 York, 1860. 
 
 YOUNG, DAVID (March 19, 1776-Sept. 15, 
 1859), clergyman, was born in Allegheny 
 County, Pa. After being licensed as a 
 Methodist preacher in 1801, he settled in 
 Shelby County, Ky., and in 1806 he 
 preached on the Marietta circuit. After 
 preaching in several Southern states, he re- 
 turned to Ohio in 1812 and served there 
 until 1856. 
 
 Autobiography of a Pioneer 
 nati, 1857. 
 
 . , Cincin- 
 
 YOUNG, JEREMIAH SIMEON (Sept. 9, 
 1866-Dec. 30, 1947), educator, was born 
 in Wellston, Jackson County. After grad- 
 uating from Kansas College in 1890, he 
 taught in Colorado, 1891-97, and was 
 school superintendent in Fostoria, 1898— 
 1900. He earned his doctorate at the Uni- 
 
713 
 
 Zahn, J. A. 
 
 versity of Chicago in 1902, taught for sev- 
 eral years in Midwestern public schools, 
 and served on the University of Minnesota 
 faculty, 1909-37. He wrote numerous text- 
 books and articles, and The Government of 
 the People of the State of Minnesota, New 
 York, [1906]. WWW 2 
 
 YOUNG, JESSE BOWMAN (July 5, 1844- 
 July 30, 1914), Methodist clergyman, born 
 in Berwick, Pa., was pastor of Walnut Hills 
 Church, Cincinnati, 1900-08. He published 
 numerous books, most of them on religious 
 subjects, and a book for young readers con- 
 cerning his experiences in the Civil War: 
 What a Boy Saw in the Army . . . , Cin- 
 cinnati, 1888. 
 
 YOUNG, LOUISE MERWIN (Sept. 5, 1903- 
 ), was born in East Palestine, Colum- 
 biana County. She graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1925 and the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania (Ph.D.) in 1939. 
 A resident of Washington, D. C, she has 
 been active in civic affairs, has lectured at 
 American University, and has written books 
 and articles on history and politics, e.g., 
 
 Understanding Politics; A Practical Guide 
 for Women, New York, [1950]. WWAW 1 
 
 YOUNGS, BENJAMIN SETH (Sept. 17, 
 1774-March, 1855), Shaker, was born in 
 New Lebanon, N. Y. He was one of the 
 three missionaries who arrived in Turtle 
 Creek in 1805 and converted Richard Mc- 
 Nemar (q.v.). He was recalled to New 
 York in 1836. The Testimony, often called 
 the Shaker Bible, was unsigned, but it is 
 generally regarded as being largely from 
 Young's pen. Thomas Jefferson is said to 
 have called it the best ecclesiastical history 
 ever written. 
 
 The Testimony of Christ's Second Appear- 
 ing . . . , Lebanon, 1808. 
 
 Transactions of the Ohio Mob, Called in 
 the Public Papers "An Expedition Against 
 the Shakers," [n.p., 1810]. 
 
 YOUTZ, HERBERT ALDEN (April 28, 
 1867-March 20, 1943), clergyman, born in 
 Commerce, Iowa, was on the faculty of 
 Oberlin Graduate School of Theology, 
 1918-32. He published several books on 
 religious themes, e.g., The Enlarging Con- 
 ception of God, New York, 1914. WW 20 
 
 ZACHOS, JOHN CELIVERGOS (Dec. 20, 
 1820-March 20, 1898), was born in Con- 
 stantinople, Turkey, of Greek parentage. 
 His father, a general in the Greek army, 
 died in battle in 1824; in 1830 the boy was 
 brought to America by Dr. Samuel Gridley 
 Howe and placed in a preparatory school 
 at Amherst, Mass. He graduated from Ken- 
 yon College in 1840 and attended the med- 
 ical school of Miami University but did 
 not graduate. His first writings appeared in 
 periodicals published by L. A. Hines (q.v.). 
 He was associate principal of the Cooper 
 Female Seminary, Dayton, 1851-54, and 
 taught at Antioch College, 1854-57. He 
 lived in Ohio from 1836 until the outbreak 
 of the Civil War, when he joined the Union 
 army as an assistant surgeon. After the war 
 he was pastor of a Unitarian church in 
 Meadville, Pa., and taught at Meadville 
 Seminary. In 1871 he moved to New York 
 City, where he was a curator at Cooper 
 Union and a teacher of literature and ora- 
 tory. He published several textbooks in 
 oratory and elocution. Some of his ad- 
 dresses on the tariff were published sepa- 
 rately as pamphlets under the pen name 
 Cadmus. 
 
 A Sketch of the Life and Opinions of Mr. 
 Peter Cooper . . . , New York, 1876. 
 
 The Political and Financial Opinions of 
 Peter Cooper . . . , New York, 1877. 
 
 The Fiscal Problem of All Civilized Na- 
 tions, New York, 1881. 
 
 ZAHM, ALBERT FRANCIS (Jan. 5, 1862- 
 July 23, 1954), educator, was born in New 
 Lexington, Perry County. He graduated 
 from the University of Notre Dame in 1883 
 and Johns Hopkins University (Ph.D.) in 
 1898. He taught at Notre Dame and at 
 Catholic University of America, was di- 
 rector of the Aerodynamical Laboratory of 
 the U. S. Navy, and was in charge of the 
 aeronautical division of the Library of Con- 
 gress. He published a number of scientific 
 monographs and Aerial Navigation; A Pop- 
 ular Treatise . . . , New York, 1911. WWW 
 3 
 
 ZAHM, JOHN AUGUSTINE (Sept. 14, 1851- 
 Nov. 10, 1921), clergyman, brother of Al- 
 bert F. Zahm (q.v.), was born in New 
 Lexington, Perry County. His family moved 
 to Huntington, Ind., in 1863. After grad- 
 uating from the University of Notre Dame 
 
Zangerle 
 
 714 
 
 in 1871, he entered the Congregation of 
 the Holy Cross and was ordained to the 
 priesthood in 1875. His life was spent teach- 
 ing, lecturing, and writing. A prodigious 
 worker, he contributed many articles to the 
 American Ecclesiastical Review, Outlook, 
 and other periodicals. Some of his lectures 
 were printed as pamphlets. He occasionally 
 used as a pen name J. H. Mozans. 
 The Catholic Church and Modern Science, 
 
 Notre Dame, Ind., 1883. 
 Letters from the Hawaiian Islands, Notre 
 
 Dame, Ind., 1886. 
 Sound and Music, Chicago, 1892. 
 Catholic Science and Catholic Scientists, 
 
 Philadelphia, 1893. 
 Bible, Science and Faith, Baltimore, 1894. 
 Evolution and Dogma, Chicago, 1896. 
 Science and the Church, Chicago, 1896. 
 Scientific Theory and Catholic Doctrine, 
 
 Chicago, 1896. 
 Following the Conquistadores . . . , 3 vols., 
 
 New York, 1910-16. 
 Woman in Science . . . , New York, 1913. 
 Great Inspirers, New York, 1917. 
 The Quest of El Dorado . . . , New York, 
 
 1917. 
 From Berlin to Bagdad and Babylon, New 
 
 York, 1922. 
 
 ZANGERLE, JOHN A. (April 12, 1866-Oct. 
 1, 1956), lawyer, was born in Cleveland, 
 Cuyahoga County. He was admitted to the 
 Ohio bar in 1890, practiced in Cleveland, 
 and achieved a wide reputation as a tax 
 expert. In 1912 he was named auditor of 
 Cuyahoga County, a post he held for more 
 than thirty years. Besides books on real- 
 estate appraisal and taxation, he published 
 Rockefeller before a Jury, Cleveland, 1906. 
 WW 25 
 
 ZARTMAN, RUFUS CALVIN (Nov. 10, 
 1856-May 14, 1946), clergyman, was born 
 in Hopewell Township, Perry County. After 
 graduating from Heidelberg College (1881) 
 and Seminary (1883), he was ordained to 
 the ministry of the Reformed Church and 
 served pastorates in Wooster, 1883-88, Ak- 
 ron, 1888-91, and Philadelphia, 1891-1921. 
 In 1921 he became Superintendent of Evan- 
 gelism in the Reformed Church. He died in 
 Springfield, Mass. He published a family 
 history, sermons, and books on religious 
 themes, e.g., Eternal Life, Philadelphia, 
 1901. WWC 1 
 
 ZEISRERGER, DAVID (April 11, 1721- 
 Nov. 17, 1808), missionary, was born in 
 Moravia. His parents were sent to a Mo- 
 ravian colony in Georgia by Count Zinzen- 
 dorf in 1838, and David joined them there 
 
 shortly afterward. The family later moved 
 to Bethlehem, Pa. After 1745 David lived 
 on the frontier as a missionary to the In- 
 dians. He accompanied the Delawares 
 when they were pushed westward, and in 
 May, 1772, he established the settlement at 
 Schoenbrunn in the Tuscarawas Valley. In 
 October of the same year he established 
 Gnadenhutton, later the scene of the most 
 notorious massacre on the Ohio frontier. 
 To Zeisberger belongs the distinction of 
 founding the first church and the first school 
 in the Ohio territory. In 1781 he was taken 
 as a prisoner to Detroit, and the Schoen- 
 brunn settlement was dispersed. In 1798 he 
 settled at Goshen, Tuscarawas County, 
 where he spent the rest of his life. He 
 wrote hymns and translated religious works 
 into the Delaware language. He also wrote 
 a textbook, the first book written in what 
 is now Ohio: Essays of a Delaware-Indian 
 and English Spelling-Book . . . , Philadel- 
 phia, 1776. 
 
 ZELIGS, ROSE, educator and psychologist, 
 was born in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. 
 A graduate of the University of Cincinnati 
 (A.B., 1925; Ed.D., 1937), she taught in 
 the Cincinnati public schools, 1925-48, 
 and is now a psychological counselor in 
 Sherman Oaks, Calif. She has written many 
 articles for professional and popular maga- 
 zines and Glimpses into Child Life . . . , 
 New York, 1942. WW AW 1 
 
 ZENNER, PHILIP (May 17, 1852-June 25, 
 1956), physician, was born in Cincinnati, 
 Hamilton County. He graduated from Ohio 
 University in 1870 and Miami Medical Col- 
 lege in 1875. He also studied in Europe and 
 taught neurology and psychiatry at the Uni- 
 versity of Cincinnati Medical School, 1900- 
 10. At the time of his retirement in 1947, 
 he had practiced in Cincinnati for more 
 than sixty years. He died at the age of 104 
 in Cincinnati. He published Mind Cure and 
 Other Essays, Cincinnati, 1912. WW 26 
 
 ZERBE, ALVIN SYLVESTER (Oct. 27, 
 1847-March 21, 1935), clergyman and edu- 
 cator, was born in Reading, Pa. After at- 
 tending Ohio Wesleyan University, he grad- 
 uated from Heidelberg College in 1871 and 
 was ordained as a clergyman of the Re- 
 formed Church in 1873. He served on the 
 faculties of Ursinus College, Heidelberg 
 College, Heidelberg Seminary, and Central 
 Theological Seminary, Dayton. He died in 
 Dayton. 
 
 Europe through American Eyes . . . , Day- 
 ton, 1886. 
 
715 
 
 Zorman 
 
 The Antiquity of Hebrew Writing and Lit- 
 erature . . . , Cleveland, 1911. 
 
 Christianity and False Evolutionism, Cleve- 
 land, [1925]. 
 
 Evolution in a Nutshell . . . , Chicago, 
 [1926]. 
 
 The Karl Barth Theology . . . , Cleveland, 
 [1930]. 
 
 ZEYDEL, EDWIN HERMANN (Dec. 31, 
 1893- ), educator, born in Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., has been in the German department, 
 University of Cincinnati, since 1926. He 
 has published German textbooks, profes- 
 sional articles, and literary and critical 
 works, e.g., Ludwig Tieck, the German Ro- 
 manticist . . . , Princeton, [N. J.], 1931. 
 WW 30 
 
 ZIG. Pseud. See Eliza A. Conner. 
 
 ZIMMERMAN, SARAH A. (July 18, 1904- 
 ), was born in Xenia, Greene County, 
 but grew up in Bellbrook, where her par- 
 ents moved when she was a year old. A 
 graduate of Western College, she taught 
 English at Fairview High School, Dayton, 
 until 1954, when she joined the staff of the 
 Dayton Daily News. Under the pen name 
 Henry John Colyton, she has published 
 stories in national magazines and a novel: 
 Sir Pagan .... New York, 1947. 
 
 ZINK, HAROLD (May 15, 1901- ), edu- 
 cator, was born in Roswell, N. M. He grad- 
 uated from the University of Denver in 
 1921 and Harvard University (Ph.D.) in 
 1926. He taught political science at De- 
 Pauw University, 1925-48, and since 1948 
 has been a member of the Ohio State Uni- 
 versity faculty. He has written articles and 
 books on politics and government, e.g., 
 City Bosses in the United States . . . , Dur- 
 ham, N. C, 1930. WW 30 
 
 ZIPPERLIN, ADOLPH (1818-Feb. 28, 1905), 
 physician, was born in Germany. He grad- 
 uated in medicine from the University of 
 Tubingen in 1841 and came to America in 
 1848. He practiced in Weinsburg, Canal 
 Fulton, and Akron, and during the Civil 
 War served as a surgeon with the 108th 
 O.V.I. After the war he settled in Cincin- 
 nati, where he practiced until his death. He 
 was an enthusiastic naturalist and a vigor- 
 ous supporter of the Zoological Gardens. 
 Geschichtlicher Abriss der Entstehung und 
 
 Entwickelung der Zoologischen Garten 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1880. 
 
 ZOLLARS, ELY VAUGHN (Sept. 19, 1847- 
 Feb. 10, 1916), educator, was born in 
 
 Lower Salem, Washington County. After 
 graduating from Bethany College in 1875, 
 he served as president of several institu- 
 tions: Kentucky Classical and Business Col- 
 lege, 1877-84, Girard Female College, 
 1884-85, Hiram College, 1888-1902, and 
 Texas Christian University, 1902-06. In 
 1906 he founded Phillips University in 
 Enid, Okla. He published several volumes 
 of sermons not listed below. 
 The Great Salvation, Cincinnati, [1895]. 
 College Endowment among the Disciples 
 
 . . . , Cincinnati, 1900. 
 A Creed That Needs No Revision, Cincin- 
 nati, 1900. 
 Hebrew Prophecy, Cincinnati, [1907]. 
 The Word of Truth . . . , Cincinnati, [1910]. 
 The King of Kings, Cincinnati, 1911. 
 The Commission Executed . . . , Cincinnati, 
 
 1912. 
 The Abrahamic Prophecies Fulfilled . . . , 
 Cincinnati, 1913. 
 
 ZOOK, GEORGE FREDERICK (April 22, 
 1885-Aug. 17, 1951), educator, born in 
 Fort Scott, Kan., was president of the Uni- 
 versity of Akron, 1925-33. He published a 
 number of articles and reports on educa- 
 tional questions and a series of lectures: 
 America at War . . . , [Washington, D. C, 
 1918]. WWW 3 
 
 ZORBAUGH, CHARLES LOUIS (Jan. 8, 
 1867-Aug. 17, 1943), clergyman, was born 
 in Iowa. After graduating from Parsons 
 College, Iowa, in 1887 and McCormick 
 Seminary in 1894, he was ordained as a 
 Presbyterian clergyman. He was pastor of 
 Windermere Church, Cleveland, 1896-1911, 
 superintendent of church extension, 1911- 
 24, and executive secretary of the Synod of 
 Ohio, 1924-37. He published articles, pam- 
 phlets, and a collection of poems: Vaga- 
 bond Verse, Cleveland, 1942. WWW 2 
 
 ZORBAUGH, HARVEY WARREN (Sept. 
 20, 1896- ), educator, was born in East 
 Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, the son of 
 Charles L. Zorbaugh (q.v.). He studied at 
 Oberlin College, 1915-17, graduated from 
 Vanderbilt University in 1922, and did 
 graduate work at the University of Chicago. 
 He is on the faculty of New York Univer- 
 sity. He has published a sociological study: 
 Gold Coast and Slum . . . , Chicago, [1929]. 
 WW 30 
 
 ZORMAN, IVAN (April 28, 1889-Aug. 4, 
 1957), was born in Yugoslavia, but was 
 brought to Cleveland when he was four 
 years old and spent his life in that city. 
 He studied at Western Reserve University 
 
Zorn 
 
 716 
 
 and taught at Central Institute. An ac- 
 complished musician, he was a church or- 
 ganist for many years and trained several 
 choral groups. He published several books 
 of original poems and translated Slovene 
 poetry, e.g., Pesmi, Cleveland. 1922. 
 
 ZORN. CARL M. (March 18. 1846-July 12. 
 1928). clergyman, born in Germany, was 
 pastor of Zion Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church. Cleveland. 1881-1917. He died in 
 East Cleveland. He published several books 
 in German and in English, e.g.. Eunice. 
 Letters of a Fatherly Friend to a Young 
 Christian Mother . . . , St. Louis. Mo.. 
 1921. 
 
 ZIRCHER. ARNOLD JOHN (Oct. 20. 1902- 
 
 ). educator, was born in South Amherst, 
 
 Lorain Countv. He sraduated from Oberlin 
 
 College in 1924 and Princeton University 
 (Ph.D.) in 1928. He has been on the fac- 
 ulty of New York University since 1928. 
 He has published textbooks in political 
 science and other books on economics and 
 government, e.g., The Experiment with 
 Democracy in Central Europe . . . , New 
 York, 1933. WW 30 
 
 ZYBURA, JOHN STANISLAUS (d.1934), 
 
 clergyman, was born in Cleveland, Cuya- 
 hoga County. After studying in the United 
 States and Italy, he was ordained to the 
 Roman Catholic priesthood in 1898. From 
 1917 until his death in a Columbus sani- 
 tarium, he suffered from tuberculosis. His 
 writings include Contemporary Godlessness 
 . . . , St. Louis, Mo., 1924. 
 
 ZYLYFF. Pseud. See Thomas H. Tibbies. 
 
APPENDIX A 
 
 The Martha Kinney Cooper 
 Ohioana Library Association 
 
 The ohioana library collection was established in 1929 by Martha Kinney 
 Cooper, while her husband, the late Myers Y. Cooper, was serving as Governor 
 of Ohio. The library, which was later named in honor of its founder, was devel- 
 oped by Mrs. Depew Head, who served as its Director until her retirement in 
 1953. The present Director is Walter Rumsey Marvin. Mrs. Cooper's original 
 collection of books was housed in the Governor's Mansion; it has now expanded 
 to comprise more than 15,000 books and brochures by Ohioans or about Ohio, 
 clippings, photographs, radio and television scripts, and a file of biographical 
 data for more than 9,000 authors and composers, and occupies quarters in the 
 Ohio Departments Building, Columbus. The general purposes of the Association 
 are to encourage literature, music, and art in Ohio today and to preserve the 
 cultural heritage of the past. Regular activities include an annual spring pil- 
 grimage to a point of interest in Ohio, recognition of Ohio authors and com- 
 posers at an annual fall luncheon, and publication of a quarterly magazine, 
 Ohioana: Of Ohio and Ohioans, and two annuals. 
 
 Much of the success of Ohioana activities is the result of its county-based 
 organization; chairmen in most of Ohio's eighty-eight counties work diligently to 
 carry out the various projects sponsored by the Association. The chairmen for 
 1961, listed below, and their predecessors over the past ten years have assisted 
 greatly in the preparation of this volume by suggesting names of authors and by 
 searching out information on authors whose files were incomplete. 
 
 ADAMS COUNTY BELMONT COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. A. C. Palmer, Peebles Mrs. Fred R. Graves, Barnesville 
 
 ALLEN COUNTY BROWN COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Karl F. Ritter, Lima Mrs John Markley> Georgetown 
 
 Mrs. William Baumberger, Jr., Lima 
 
 ASHLAND COUNTY BUTLER C0UNTY 
 
 Mrs. J. Frank McClure, LoudonviUe Mrs - Louis H - Frechtling, Hamilton 
 
 ASHTABULA COUNTY MrS - Wll,ard W " S P encer > ° xford 
 
 Mrs. W. B. Hubbard, Ashtabula carroll county 
 
 Athens county Miss Mary E. Martin, Carrollton 
 
 Mrs. H. L. Atkinson, Athens Mrs. Velma Griffin, Dellroy 
 
 717 
 
The Ohioana Library Association 
 
 718 
 
 CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 
 
 Miss Helen Krout, Mechanicsburg 
 
 CLARK COUNTY 
 
 Miss Mary L. Spining, Springfield 
 
 CLERMONT COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Thomas Longworth, Felicity 
 
 CLINTON COUNTY 
 
 Miss Alice Mills, Worthington 
 
 COLUMBIANA COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Charles E. Goodman, East 
 Liverpool 
 
 COSHOCTON COUNTY 
 
 Miss Waive B. Ripple, West 
 
 Lafayette 
 Mrs. Fred C. Karr, Coshocton 
 
 CRAWFORD COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Ernest G. Hesser, Crestline 
 Mrs. Paul Schieber, Galion 
 
 CUYAHOGA COUNTY 
 
 Miss Donna Root, Cleveland 
 Mrs. Ferral C. Shons, Bedford 
 
 DARKE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Martin D. Pluess, Greenville 
 
 DEFIANCE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Lester S. Ivins, Defiance 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Harley Dennis, Ashley 
 Miss Sarah Stevenson, Delaware 
 
 ERIE COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Paul F. Laning, Sandusky 
 
 FAIRFIELD COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Gerald Spitler, Baltimore 
 Mrs. Perrin Hazleton, Lancaster 
 
 FAYETTE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Frank Mayo, Washington 
 Court House 
 
 FRANKLIN COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Fred Ellsperman, Columbus 
 
 FULTON COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Merril Bernath, Wauseon 
 
 GALLIA COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. W. A. Lewis, Rio Grande 
 Mrs. Nellie Scarberry, Gallipolis 
 
 GREENE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Asa C. Messenger, Xenia 
 
 GUERNSEY COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Rose S. Henderson, Cambridge 
 Miss Helen Sunnafrank, Cambridge 
 
 HAMILTON COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. F. L. Woodbridge, Cincinnati 
 
 HANCOCK COUNTY 
 
 Mr. R. L. Heminger, Findlay 
 
 HARRISON COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. H. B. McConnell, Cadiz 
 
 HIGHLAND COUNTY 
 
 Miss Violet Morgan, Hillsboro 
 
 HOCKING COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Ruth DeWitt Nixon, Logan 
 
 HURON COUNTY 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Rex Bracy, Norwalk 
 
 JACKSON COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Charles Bruny, Jackson 
 
 JEFFERSON 
 
 Mr. J. W. Preble, Steubenville 
 
 KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. E. V. Queen, Mount Vernon 
 Miss Louise Adams, Gambier 
 
 LAKE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Harold A. Furlong, Painesville 
 
 LAWRENCE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Ralph Mittendorf, Ironton 
 
 LOGAN COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Vern Campbell, Bellefontaine 
 
 LORAIN COUNTY 
 
 Miss Lelia Holloway, Oberlin 
 
 LUCAS COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Robert E. Walker, Toledo 
 
 MADISON COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Mark S. Taylor, London 
 Mrs. B. L. Adair, London 
 
 MAHONING COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. I. M. Brown, Youngstown 
 
 MARION COUNTY 
 
 Miss Pansy K. Rauhauser, Marion 
 
 MEIGS COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Everett R. Hayes, Portland 
 
 MIAMI COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Leonard U. Hill, Piqua 
 Mrs. A. Lynn Paschall, Troy 
 
 MONROE COUNTY 
 
 Miss Eva Moffatt, Woodsfield 
 
719 
 
 The Ohioana Library Association 
 
 MONTGOMERY COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Katharine Kennedy Brown, 
 
 Dayton 
 Miss Elizabeth Faries, Dayton 
 
 MORGAN COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. C. F. Ott, McConnelsville 
 Mrs. Charles Dougan, 
 McConnelsville 
 
 MORROW COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Dunham, Cardington 
 
 MUSKINGUM COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Norris F. Schneider, Zanesville 
 
 OTTAWA COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. George A. Bredehoft, Oak 
 Harbor 
 
 PERRY COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Ronald Shoup, New Lexington 
 
 PICKAWAY COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. John W. Eshelman, III, 
 Circleville 
 
 PIKE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Harold McCormick, Waverly 
 
 PORTAGE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. W. I. Parmelee, St., Ravenna 
 
 PUTNAM COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Elmer B. Unverferth, Ottawa 
 
 RICHLAND COUNTY 
 
 Mr. R. M. Wilkinson, Shelby 
 
 SANDUSKY COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Hallie Grimes, Fremont 
 
 SCIOTO COUNTY 
 
 Mr. John Johnley, Portsmouth 
 
 SENECA COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Earl Adams. Bloomville 
 Mrs. Ralph Summers, Tiffin 
 
 SHELBY COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Marion Russell, Sidney 
 
 STARK COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Oliver Kuhn, Hartville 
 
 SUMMIT COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Thomas C. Gray, Akron 
 Miss Dorothy Whittington, Akron 
 
 UNION COUNTY 
 
 Miss Feme Mills, Marysville 
 
 VAN WERT COUNTY 
 
 Miss Elisabeth Rex, Van Wert 
 
 VINTON COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Jeannette C. Grim, McArthur 
 
 WARREN COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Hazel Phillips, Lebanon 
 Mrs. Harry G. Noble, Lebanon 
 
 WASHINGTON COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Sophia Russell, Marietta 
 Mrs. Raymond G. Guthrie, Marietta 
 
 WAYNE COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. Walter J. Buss, Wooster 
 
 WILLIAMS COUNTY 
 
 Mrs. R. K. Ameter, Bryan 
 
 WOOD COUNTY 
 
 Dr. Walter A. Zaugg, Bowling Green 
 
 WYANDOT COUNTY 
 
 Mr. Harry E. Kinley, Upper 
 Sandusky 
 
APPENDIX B 
 
 Index of Contributors 
 
 The names of contributors who are also subjects of entries in this volume are 
 starred. 
 
 *Altick, Richard D. (Delia S. Bacon) 
 
 Professor of English, Ohio State University 
 Anderson, Yeatman, III (Ormsby M. Mitchel, John S. Williams) 
 
 Curator of Rare Books, Cincinnati Public Library 
 Bettman, Iphigene (Clara L. de Chambrun) 
 
 Cincinnati Enquirer 
 *Bevis, Alma M. (Harriet E. B. Stowe) 
 
 Columbus 
 Bevis, Howard L. (Harlan H. Hatcher) 
 
 President Emeritus, Ohio State University 
 Blanck, Jacob (John Bennett, Martha Finley) 
 
 Editor, Bibliography of American Literature 
 *Bruce, Mary Hoge (Jervis Cutler) 
 
 Cincinnati 
 Buell, Ellen Lewis (Lois Lenski) 
 
 Editor of Children's Books, New York Times 
 Chapman, Paul H. (Jim Tully) 
 
 Professor of English, Mount Union College 
 Chesnutt, Helen M. (Charles Chesnutt) 
 
 Educator, Cleveland Public Schools 
 Chyet, Stanley F. (Isaac M. Wise) 
 
 Research Fellow, Hebrew Union College 
 Cox, Marion and Ella (George D. Hunt, Lysander M. Stanley) 
 
 Cave Creek, Arizona 
 *Dickore, Marie (Charles Reemelin) 
 
 Genealogist, Cincinnati 
 DiSalle, Michael V. (Samuel M. Jones) 
 
 Mayor of Toledo, 1948-50; Governor of Ohio, 1958- 
 Duffy, Charles (Ambrose G. Bierce, Edward R. Sill) 
 
 Professor of English, University of Akron 
 Eberstadt, Charles (Hubert H. Bancroft, Lansford W. Hastings) 
 
 Antiquarian Bookseller, New York City 
 Fischer, Karl W. (Francis W. Shepardson) 
 
 Journalist, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 721 
 
Contributors 722 
 
 Flanagan, John T. (James Hall) 
 
 Professor of English, University of Illinois 
 Foerster, Norman (Irving Babbitt) 
 
 Professor of English, Emeritus, University of Iowa 
 Frederick, John T. (Walter Havighurst) 
 
 Professor of English, University of Notre Dame 
 Frohman, Charles E. (Daniel Frohman) 
 
 Attorney, Sandusky 
 Gee, Clarence S. (Joseph Badger) 
 
 Retired Presbyterian Clergyman, Lockport, N. Y. 
 Gehlke, Charles E. (Charles F. Thwing) 
 
 Professor of Sociology, Emeritus, Western Reserve University 
 Haber, Tom Burns (William D. Gallagher) 
 
 Associate Professor of English, Ohio State University 
 Hall, Virginius C. (Moses Dawson) 
 
 Late Director, Historical and Philosophical Society 
 Hamilton, William (Benjamin F. Ells) 
 
 Director Emeritus, Dayton Public Library 
 *Harper, Robert S. (Murat Halstead) 
 
 Editor and Author, Washington Court House 
 *Havighurst, Walter (William D. Howells) 
 
 Professor of English, Miami University 
 Hazen, Gladys F. (William R. Harper) 
 
 Columbus 
 Head, Florence M. (Ben Ames Williams) 
 
 Director Emeritus, Ohioana Library 
 Henderson, Robert W. (John S. Rarey) 
 
 Bibliographer of American Sports, New York City 
 Horine, Emmet F. (Daniel Drake) 
 
 Retired Physician, Brooks, Ky. 
 * Jones, W. Powell (George P. Krapp) 
 
 Professor of English, Western Reserve University 
 Keagy, W. R. (Lafcadio Hearn) 
 
 Public Utilities Executive, Cincinnati 
 King, J. L. (Minnie H. Moody) 
 
 Professor of English, Denison University 
 Knepper, George W. (Lucius V. Bierce) 
 
 Professor of History, University of Akron 
 Lattimer, David W. (Washington Gladden) 
 
 Late Professor of History, Denison University 
 Lindsay, Howard (Russel Crouse) 
 
 Playwright, New York City 
 *Lydenberg, Harry M. (Paul L. Dunbar) 
 
 Late Director, New York Public Library 
 Marchman, Watt P. (David R. Locke) 
 
 Director, Hayes Memorial Library 
 Marvin, Walter R. (Frank M. Hubbard) 
 
 Director. Ohioana Library 
 
723 Contributors 
 
 McConnell, H. B. (Robert P. Scott, David Christy, Percy Hammond, Charles 
 A. Hanna, William H. Holmes) 
 Late Editor, Cadiz Republican 
 *McDonald, Gerald D. (Adna H. Lightner, Jeremiah N. Reynolds, Addison P. 
 Russell, Oliver J. Thatcher) 
 Chief, American History Division, New York Public Library 
 *McKay, George L. (Harry M. Lydenberg) 
 
 Librarian, New York City 
 Miller, Ernest I. (Frances W. D'Arusmont, Timothy Flint, John U. Lloyd) 
 
 Director, Cincinnati Public Library 
 * Nicola, Milton G. (Edwin M. Robinson) 
 
 Clergyman, Titusville, Pa. 
 *Orians, G. Harrison (John J. Piatt, Edith M. Thomas) 
 Professor of American Literature, University of Toledo 
 Overman, William D. (Samuel A. Lane) 
 
 Director, Library and Archives, Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. 
 Parker, Wyman W. (Margaret Coxe, Edwin H. Davis, Peter Neff, James H. 
 Perkins) 
 Director, Wesleyan University Library, Middlebury, Conn. 
 *Pollard, James E. (James Thurber) 
 
 Professor of Journalism, Ohio State University 
 Price, Robert (Mary H. Catherwood) 
 
 Professor of English, Otterbein College 
 Ravitz, Abe C. (Clarence Darrow) 
 
 Associate Professor of English, Hiram College 
 *Richardson, Lyon N. (Constance R. Woolson) 
 
 Professor of English and Director of Lib r aries, Western Reserve University 
 Rigney, Eugene (Burton E. Stevenson) 
 
 President, Ross County Historical Society, Chillicothe 
 Roberts, Katherine S. (Katherine M. B. Sherwood) 
 
 La Jolla, Calif. 
 *Rodabaugh, James H. (Louis Bromfield, William H. McGuffey, William H. 
 Smith) 
 Head, History and Science Division, Ohio Historical Society 
 *Rodgers, Andrew D. (Charles L. Lesquereux, William S. Sullivant) 
 Attorney, Columbus 
 Sagmaster, Joseph (William H. Venable) 
 
 Cincinnati Enquirer 
 Salomon, R. G. (Philander Chase) 
 
 Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Bexley Hall, Kenyon College 
 "Schneider, Norris F. (Zane Grey, Charles D. Stewart) 
 
 Educator and Historian, Zanesville 
 Seltzer, Louis B. (Lowell J. Thomas) 
 
 Editor, Cleveland Press 
 " : Shaw, Archer H. (Charles F. Browne) 
 Retired Editor, Cleveland Plain Dealer 
 
Contributors 724 
 
 Shaw, Henry K. (Burke A. Hinsdale) 
 
 Librarian, Christian Theological Seminary, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 ♦Siberell, Lloyd E. (Dard Hunter) 
 Railway Executive, Columbus 
 
 * Smith, Ophia D. (Cynthia C. M. Clark) 
 
 Oxford 
 Southwick, Erman D. (Samuel P. Hildreth) 
 
 Associate Editor, Marietta Daily Times 
 *Southworth, James S. (Jean S. Untermeyer) 
 
 Professor of English, University of Toledo 
 Stevenson, Adlai E. (Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.) 
 
 U. S. Ambassador to the United Nations 
 Sutcliffe, Denham (Sherwood Anderson) 
 
 Professor of English, Kenyon College 
 Templeton, Lee (Eber D. Howe, Norman M. Thomas) 
 
 Researcher and Writer, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 * Thornton, Willis (Herman Fetzer, Albert G. Riddle) 
 
 Director, Western Reserve University Press 
 *Thurber, James (Elliott Nugent) 
 
 New York City 
 *Untermeyer, Jean S. (Frederic Ridgely Torrence) 
 
 New York City 
 *Utter, William T. (Joseph M. Bimeler) 
 
 Professor of History, Emeritus, Denison University 
 Vitz, Carl (Henry F. Farny, Henry Howe) 
 
 Director Emeritus, Cincinnati Public Library 
 Walters, Everett (Joseph B. Foraker) 
 
 Dean, Graduate School, Ohio State University 
 Warner, Landon (Brand Whitlock) 
 Professor of History, Kenyon College 
 *Welch, Herbert (Francis J. McConnell) 
 
 Retired Bishop, Methodist Episcopal Church 
 Welsh, E. G. (Clarence E. N. Macartney) 
 
 Chairman, Committee on History, Synod of Ohio, Presbyterian Church, 
 U. S. A. 
 West, Susannah R. (Albion W. Tourgee) 
 Teacher, Toledo Public Schools 
 *Wittke, Carl (Arthur M. Schlesinger) 
 
 Dean, Graduate School, Western Reserve University 
 Zorn, Roman J. (James F. Rhodes) 
 
 Associate Professor of History, University of Wisconsin 
 
APPENDIX C 
 
 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 ADAMS COUNTY 
 
 Collison, Wilson 
 Connelly, Thomas W. 
 Doyle, Edwin A. 
 Jones, John W. 
 Kerr, John G. 
 Lawrance, Uriah M. 
 Lawrance, William I. 
 Morrison, Marion 
 Murphy, David A. 
 Prather, John 
 Ramsay, William W. 
 Smith, Joseph P. 
 Stableton, John K. 
 Steen, Moses D. A. 
 Storer, Elroy T. 
 Vance, Virginia E. L. 
 Wilson, John B. 
 Wittenmyer, Annie T. 
 
 ALLEN COUNTY 
 
 Baker, Naaman R. 
 Baxter, Samuel A. 
 Beiler, Irwin R. 
 Binkley, Wilfred E. 
 Burkhardt, Franklin A. 
 Cable, John L. 
 Dunne, Gerald W. E. 
 Eastman, Fred 
 Fenneman, Nevin M. 
 Fess, Simeon D. 
 Knoble, Cliff 
 Reese, Marie 
 Rudy, Jacob M. 
 Rusler, William 
 Tate, Jane B. 
 
 ASHLAND COUNTY 
 
 Adams, James A. 
 Bailey, Rae 
 Diffendorfer, Ralph E. 
 Duff, William A. 
 Grosscup, Peter S. 
 Long, Simon P. 
 Newell, William R. 
 Percival, Milton O. 
 Rice, Rosella 
 Robinson, Henry M. 
 Ross, Edmund G. 
 Ryall, Lydia J. 
 
 725 
 
 Swineford, Alfred P. 
 White, Wilbert W. 
 
 ASHTABULA COUNTY 
 
 Andrews, Clarence L. 
 Babcock, Bernie 
 Baldwin, Alpha W. 
 Baldwin, Harman A. 
 Bell, Archie 
 Blanchard, Charles E. 
 Brewer, Annette F. 
 Brown, Edward 
 Burton, Theodore E. 
 Cadwell, Clara G. 
 Chafer, Lewis S. 
 Cheney, Frank J. 
 Colby, June R. 
 Ellis, Edward S. 
 Gilchrist, Rosetta L. 
 Graves, Adelia C. S. 
 Grover, Delo C. 
 Hall, Francis J. 
 Holcomb, Carlysle H. 
 Howard, John H. 
 Howland, Charles R. 
 Hunt, Harrison R. 
 Lampson, Edward C. 
 McClelland, Stewart W. 
 Montgomery, Helen B. 
 Peck, Walter E. 
 Picket, Joseph W. 
 Randall, Pauline B. 
 Read, Matthew C. 
 Reed, Sarah A. 
 Richardson, Lyon N. 
 SeCheverell, John H. 
 Sperry, Paul 
 Streeter, John W. 
 Thayer, Frank 
 Titus, John H. 
 Tourgee, Albion W. 
 Wade, Decius S. 
 Wheeler, William W. 
 Wight, Francis A. 
 
 ATHENS COUNTY 
 
 Adney, Edwin T. 
 Ballard, Harlan H. 
 Bean, Elijah H. 
 Bond, Lewis H. 
 
 Cranston, Earl 
 DeVelling, Charles T. 
 Doan, Frank C. 
 Hoyt, Elizabeth 
 Kerr, Alvah M. 
 Lightner, Adna H. 
 McGill, Mary R. 
 Matthews, Charles G. 
 Miller, Samuel A. 
 Minturn, Joseph A. 
 Moore, David H. 
 Naylor, Charles W. 
 Pilcher, Elijah H. 
 Rood, John 
 Stanley, John 
 True, Hiram L. 
 Walker, Charles M. 
 Weethee, Jonathan P. 
 
 AUGLAIZE COUNTY 
 
 Baker, Arthur M. 
 Bryan, John 
 Hoorman, Ferdinand 
 Howell, Joseph M. 
 Katterhenry, Edwin A. 
 Kelley, Francis B. 
 Morris, Charles E. 
 Nichols, Robert M. 
 Shawan, Jacob A. 
 Smith, Arthur H. 
 Taeusch, Carl F. 
 Tully, Jim 
 
 BELMONT COUNTY 
 
 Ahrendts, Marinda B. 
 Alexander, Robert 
 Barnes, Walter 
 Beazell, William P. 
 Cochran, John S. 
 Cochran, Negley D. 
 Daggett, Mary S. 
 Darrah, David H. 
 Edgerton, Jesse 
 Elliott, Harrison S. 
 Fritz, John H. C. 
 Gallaher, Wallace W. 
 Genin, Sylvester 
 Giffen, John K. 
 Glasier, Jessie 
 Gray, Elisha 
 
Native Ohio Authors 
 
 726 
 
 Gregg, Thomas 
 Harrold, Charles F. 
 Hays, Ebenezer Z. 
 Howells, William D. 
 Lee, Alfred E. 
 Ludey, Charles A. 
 McPherson, Lydia S. 
 Matson, Nehemiah 
 Matthews, Essie C. 
 Pancoast, Chalmers L. 
 Peddicord, Kelion F. 
 Ransom, Reverdy C. 
 Rider, William H. 
 Scott, Henry D. 
 Sharp, Robert L. 
 Sherwood, Robert E. 
 Spencer, Edna E. C. 
 Thoburn, Isabella 
 Thoburn, James M. 
 Thoburn, Joseph B. 
 Thompson, George W. 
 Thompson, Hugh H. 
 Vail, Isaac N. 
 Ver Beck, William F. 
 Wallace, Francis 
 Walton, Joseph 
 Warden, Lewis C. 
 Welsh, Isaac 
 Wilson, Erasmus 
 
 BROWN COUNTY 
 
 Ammen, Daniel 
 Evans, Nelson W. 
 Gregg, Frank M. 
 Hayes, Doremus A. 
 Humphreys, Mary G. 
 Keyt, Alonzo T. 
 Kincheloe, Samuel C. 
 McLain, John S. 
 Peake, Elmore E. 
 Rogers, Joseph M. 
 Stivers, Emmons B. 
 Swiggett, Howard 
 Thornton, George B. 
 Williams, Bertye Y. 
 
 BUTLER COUNTY 
 
 Augspurger, Marie M. 
 Baker, James H. 
 Barrett, Fred W. 
 Beaver, Robert P. 
 Byrne, Thomas S. 
 Campbell, Edwin R. 
 Clark, George R. 
 Cooper, Jacob 
 Cox, James M. 
 Crooks, James 
 DeLeeuw, Adele L. 
 DeLeeuw, Cateau 
 Demoret, Alfred 
 Elliott, Joseph T. 
 Flickinger, Daniel K. 
 
 Frechette, Annie T. H. 
 Gray, William C. 
 Greene, James H. 
 Greer, Carl R. 
 Halstead, Murat 
 Hamilton, Jay B. 
 Heaton, David 
 Heiser, Karl W. 
 Hurst, Fannie 
 Kaser, Margaret K. 
 Keil, Frederick W. 
 Landis, Frederick 
 Lenski, Gerhard E. 
 Liebman, Joshua L. 
 Longley, Alcander 
 Longley, Elias 
 McCloskey, Robert 
 MacCracken, Henry M. 
 Martin, John B. 
 Mason, Carl H. 
 Meeker, Ezra 
 Merz, Charles H. 
 Miller, Elizabeth K. 
 Oglesby, William D. 
 Peake, Thomas D. 
 Peters, William E. 
 Pierce, Squier L. 
 Sharkey, Donald C. 
 Sharts, Joseph W. 
 Shaw, Albert 
 Sheehan, Murray 
 Smith, Louis P. 
 Stabler, Alvin K. 
 Taylor, Stella W. 
 Voorhees, Daniel W. 
 Wilder, Lucy B. 
 Woodmansee, James 
 Woolley, John G. 
 Wright, Charles 
 Young, Charles V. 
 
 CARROLL COUNTY 
 
 Atkinson, Matthew 
 Tope, Hildred 
 Tope, Homer W. 
 Tope, Melancthon 
 Vail, Theodore N. 
 Weaver, Jonathan 
 Weir, William F. 
 
 CHAMPAIGN COUNTY 
 
 Boyd, Louise E. V. 
 Brown, Mary E. A. 
 Clark, Edna M. 
 Cretcher, Mack 
 Darrow, Benjamin H. 
 Eastman, Ephraim R. 
 Goodwin, Elijah 
 Houston, William 
 McAdams, Francis M. 
 McFarland, Robert W. 
 Miller, Charles G. 
 
 Prince, Benjamin F. 
 Riker, Ben H. 
 Schiff, Bessie I. 
 Seibert, Benjamin E. 
 Steiner, Jesse F. 
 Stover, Ross H. 
 Swisher, James 
 Ward, May A. 
 Ware, Joseph 
 Whitlock, Brand 
 Williams, Kenneth P. 
 
 CLARK COUNTY 
 
 Barr, Granville W. 
 Brain, Belle M. 
 Braine, Robert D. 
 Burnett, William R. 
 Busbey, Hamilton 
 Canfield, Mary G. W. 
 Champney, Elizabeth W. 
 Coffin, Elijah 
 Coleman, Mary L. R. 
 Collins, Elijah T. 
 Colvin, David L. 
 Funk, Charles E. 
 Funston, Frederick 
 Grisso, Forrest W. 
 Henderson, Elliott B. 
 Hubbell, George A. 
 Kauffman, Catherine 
 Keifer, Joseph W. 
 Keller, Albert G. 
 Lamme, Benjamin G. 
 Lenski, Lois 
 
 MacConnell, Sarah A. W. 
 McKinney, Arthur L. 
 Macpherson, Georgia H. 
 Mattox, Absolom H. 
 Miller, Samuel S. 
 Mitchell, Charles A. 
 Newbrough, John B. 
 Olds, Helen D. 
 Paschall, Alma 
 Pearce, Liston H. 
 Pearson, Francis B. 
 Plagemann, William W. J. 
 Pringle, Mary P. 
 Reeder, Albert 
 Renick, Marion L. 
 Rice, Harry E. 
 Rockel, William M. 
 Rogers, William A. 
 Root, Edward T. 
 Rust, Orton J. 
 Scholl, John W. 
 Shepherd, William G. 
 Shull, James M. 
 Shull, Lena M. L. 
 Smith, Jennie 
 Stephens, David S. 
 Taylor, Archibald A. E. 
 Tittle, Ernest E. 
 
727 
 
 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 Tittle, Walter E. 
 Toulmin, Harry A. 
 Wildman, Edward E. 
 Wilson, Gilbert L. 
 Woodward, Robert C. 
 
 CLERMONT COUNTY 
 
 Ashburn, Percy M. 
 Ashburn, Thomas Q. 
 Baer. Libbie C. 
 Bryan, Jennie M. 
 Chipman, Norton P. 
 Connor, Eliza A. 
 Cushing, George H. 
 Fagley, Frederick L. 
 Fee, William I. 
 Fishback, William P. 
 Foster, Randolph S. 
 Grant, Ulysses S. 
 Hall, Charles G. 
 Hancock, John 
 Haywood, Harry L. 
 Hunter, George 
 Jenkins, Oliver P. 
 McGehean, Thomas 
 Makin, John J. 
 Malone, J. Walter 
 Melish, John H. 
 Pemberton. Lovell B. 
 Robb, Charles 
 Shields, George O. 
 Swing, Albert T. 
 Titus, Murray T. 
 Wiggins, Lida K. 
 Williams, Byron 
 
 CLINTON COUNTY 
 
 Antrim, Joshua 
 Austin, George M. 
 Backus, Edwin B. 
 Bentley, William P. 
 Conner, Jacob E. 
 Doane, Robert R. 
 Dwiggins, William A. 
 Harvey, William P. 
 Heiser, Alta H. 
 Hiatt, Verna W. 
 Hughes, Jasper S. 
 Hunt, George M. 
 Janney, Russell D. 
 Kile, Orville M. 
 McDonald, Gerald D. 
 McKay, Lucinda E. 
 McVey, Frank L. 
 McVey, William E. 
 Moon, Carl 
 Morris, Alvin M. 
 Murch, James D. 
 Russell, Addison P. 
 Sayrs, William C. 
 Starbuck, John C. 
 Thatcher, Oliver J. 
 
 Welch, L. B. 
 Woods, Virna 
 
 COLUMBIANA COUNTY 
 
 Adams, Charles J. 
 Atkinson, Robert J. 
 Atwater, George P. 
 Barth, Harold B. 
 Bartholomew, Paul C. 
 Billingsley, Amos S. 
 Bradshaw, Marion J. 
 Bray, Frank C. 
 Buchanan, John J. 
 Burson, William 
 Campbell, Walter L. 
 Cavanaugh, John W. 
 Clarke, John H. 
 Crawford, Mary 
 Cunningham, Wallace M. 
 Emeny, Brooks 
 Firestone, Clark B. 
 Firestone, Harvey S. 
 Fisher, George A. 
 Galbreath, Charles B. 
 Gilson, John H. 
 Gould, Charles N. 
 Hanna, Marcus A. 
 Holloway, Ephraim S. 
 Jeffreys, Raymond J. 
 Johnston, Julia H. 
 McCook, Henry C. 
 McCook, John J. 
 Mcintosh, Burr W. 
 Mendenhall, Thomas C. 
 Moffat, James D. 
 Munk, Joseph A. 
 Reid, Hiram A. 
 Rogers, Volney 
 Scott, Daniel F. 
 Searight, Frank T. 
 Stookesbury, Sina E. 
 Stratton, Jennie M. 
 Tomlinson. William W. 
 Vallandigham, Clement L. 
 Vallandigham, James L. 
 Van Fossan, William H. 
 Woods, Joseph T. 
 Young, Louise M. 
 
 COSHOCTON COUNTY 
 
 Bahmer, William J. 
 Corlett, William T. 
 Crawford, Charles 
 Crile, George W. 
 Dailey, William M. 
 Elliott, Blanche 
 Gamertsfelder, Solomon J. 
 Green, William 
 Hardin, Willet L. 
 Hemler, Opal T. 
 Kirkpatrick, George R. 
 McCuskey, Dorothy 
 
 Maston, Darius E. 
 Shaw, William W. 
 Wheeler, Ada M. 
 
 CRAWFORD COUNTY 
 
 Beer, Samuel H. 
 Black, Effie S. 
 Cowden, Robert 
 Flick, Alexander C. 
 Kendall, Carol S. 
 Krohn, William O. 
 Michelfelder, Sylvester C. 
 Monnette, Orra E. 
 Nave, Orville J. 
 Reid, Dorothy E. 
 Robinson, John B. 
 Schuh, Lewis H. 
 Sears, Paul B. 
 Shafer, Boyd C. 
 Stern, Herman I. 
 Tunison, Joseph S. 
 
 CUYAHOGA COUNTY 
 
 Abbey, Everett L. 
 Allen, James T. 
 Allyn, Eunice E. G. 
 Amsbary, Mary A. 
 Anderson, Dwight 
 Angell, Ernest 
 Angell, Hildegarde 
 Ashburn, Joseph N. 
 Bacher, Otto H. 
 Bainbridge, Lucy S. 
 Baldwin, Elbert F. 
 Ballard, Willis T. 
 Bauder. Levi F. 
 Bauer, Mary T. 
 Bayer, Eleanor R. 
 Bayer, Leo G. 
 Bebenroth, Charlotta M. 
 Bedell, Mary C. 
 Bender, Eric J. 
 Bender, George H. 
 Berger, Elmer 
 Bittinger, Lucy F. 
 Black, Glenn G. 
 Boardman, Mabel T. 
 Bohn, Frank 
 Bolton, Charles K. 
 Bourjaily, Vance N. 
 Bowen, Dana T. 
 Brandt, Herbert W. 
 Breuer, Elizabeth 
 Brooks, Alden 
 Brooks, Charles S. 
 Brooks, Wililam K. 
 Brown, Albert M. 
 Brush, Dorothy H. 
 Burnett, Charles C. 
 Burrell, George A. 
 Burstein, Abraham 
 Burton, Katherine 
 
Native Ohio Authors 
 
 728 
 
 Butler. Margaret M. 
 Campbell. Oscar J. 
 Carrighar. Sally 
 Case, Leonard 
 Chalmers, Allen K. 
 Chandler. Charles D. 
 Chesnutt. Charles W. 
 Ciraci. Norma 
 Clark, Fred G. 
 Coates, William R. 
 Colver, Anne 
 Copeland, Thomas W. 
 Cox, Jacob D. 
 Crehore, William W. 
 Crile, Grace M. 
 Crowell, Benedict 
 Crowell, Chester T. 
 Curtiss, Phebe A. 
 Cushing. Harvey W. 
 Cutter, Orlando P. 
 Davis. Harry E. 
 DeCapite. Michael 
 Dietz, David H. 
 Dorr, Nell B. 
 Duncan, John A. 
 Dykstra, Clarence A. 
 Elliott, Henry W. 
 Eyssen, Marguerite F. 
 Falkner. Leonard 
 Farmer. Elihu J. 
 Farmer, James E. 
 Ferris, Theodore N., Jr. 
 Fiske, Asa S. 
 Foote, Edward Bliss 
 Foote, Edward Bond 
 Foster, Edwin J. 
 Foster, Hanna A. 
 Foster, Henry E. 
 Foster, Leonard G. 
 Frayer. Ihna T. 
 Friedel. Francis J. 
 Frisbie. Robert D. 
 Fritchman. Stephen H. 
 Garfield. James A. 
 Garis. Lillian C. 
 Gehring. Albert 
 Gehring, John G. 
 Gifford. Fannie S. D. 
 Gouvy, Gertrude 
 Gunn. Alexander 
 Hamilton. Edwin T. 
 Handerson. Henry E. 
 Hanford, Ben 
 Hanscom, Alice E. 
 Haydn, Hiram C. 
 Hayes, Jeff W. 
 Heiner, Marie H. 
 Henkle, Henrietta 
 Hensey, Andrew F. 
 Herman, William 
 Herrick, Clay. Jr. 
 Hibben. Frank C. 
 
 Hills, Norman E. 
 Hocking. William E. 
 Holbrook, Reginald H. 
 Holzworth, John M. 
 Hopkins. Arthur M. 
 Hopwood. Avery 
 Housum. Robert 
 Hoyt, James H. 
 Hoyt, Wayland 
 Huddilston, John H. 
 Hudson, Jay W. 
 Hughes, Adella P. 
 Hutchinson, Veronica S. 
 Hutchison, Hazel C. 
 Ireland, Thomas S. 
 Jones, Howard E. 
 Kenly. Julie W. T. C. 
 Kennedy. William S. 
 Kepler, William M. 
 Ketchum, Alton H. 
 Kiener, Mother Mary A. 
 King, Agnes B. 
 Kitchen, Karl K. 
 Knittle, Rhea M. 
 Knowlton. Donald S. 
 Knowlton. William A. 
 Krock, George L. 
 Lamprecht, Sterling P. 
 Lawrence, Alberta E. I. C. 
 Lawrence. Jerome K. 
 Lewis, Alfred H. 
 Linderman. Frank B. 
 Loring. John A. 
 Loveman, Robert 
 Luedy, Arthur E. 
 Lyttle, Charles H. 
 Mabie. Louise K. 
 Manak, Roberta 
 Martin. Charles A. 
 Mather, Amasa S. 
 Mather, Frederick G. 
 Meeker, Nathan C. 
 Menke, Frank G. 
 Miller, Dayton C. 
 Miner, John T. 
 Mlakar, Frank 
 Molev. Ramond 
 Moody, Helen W. 
 Mooney. James D. 
 Morrow, Elizabeth R. C. 
 Munn, Hiran H. 
 Nasmyth, George W. 
 Newberry, Arthur S. 
 Newcomb, Alan H. 
 Newman, Edward M. 
 Newman, Gertrude A. 
 Norton, Alice M. 
 Norton, Jessie 
 Nye, Margaret F. 
 Olmsted. Millicent 
 Pack, Arthur N. 
 Packard, Roy D. 
 
 Paddock. Buckley B. 
 Painter, Lydia E. F. 
 Palmer, Frances L. 
 Parsons, Julia S. 
 Peet. Stephen D. 
 Perkins, Edna B. 
 Perry. Oliver H. 
 Picard, George H. 
 Piercy, Caroline B. 
 Poese, William 
 Post. Charles A. 
 Prentiss. Harriet D. M. 
 Price. Warwick, J. 
 Quigley, Martin J. 
 Raddatz, William J. 
 Redinger, Ruby V. 
 Rhodes. Harrison G. 
 Rhodes. James F. 
 Roach, Corwin C. 
 Rockefeller, John D., Jr. 
 Rorimer, James J. 
 Rose, William G. 
 Rourke, Constance M. 
 Rowell. Adelaide C. 
 Schaefer, Jack W. 
 Schauffler, Grace L. 
 Schneider, Herbert W. 
 Sethman, William C. 
 Severance, Mark S. 
 Seymour. Flora W. 
 Shackleton. Elizabeth F. 
 Siedel, Frank 
 Smart, Charles A. 
 Smith, Henry L. 
 Splan, John 
 Stearns. Lucy P. 
 Stearns. Theodore 
 Stearns. Wallace N. 
 Street, Elwood V. 
 Stuart, Graham H. 
 Taylor, Katherine K. 
 Thompson, Ruth L. 
 Thornton, Willis 
 Tildes, Olga A. 
 Toon. Gladys E. 
 Townsend, Edward W. 
 Umbstaetter, Herman D. 
 Van Kirk. Walter W. 
 Vincent. Beatrice M. 
 Vokoun, Frank J. 
 Waldman, Milton 
 Walter, Eugene 
 Webster, Marjorie E. 
 Wedel, Lois 
 Weidenthal, Leo 
 Weston, Asa M. 
 Wheeler, Edward J. 
 Whitman, Howard 
 Whittern, Charles S. 
 Wiborg, Frank B. 
 Wilbur, James B. 
 Wilcox, Frank N. 
 
729 
 
 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 Williams, Nathan W. 
 Wolf, Edith A. 
 Woolsey, Sarah C. 
 Wright, Charles B. 
 Wright, Edward S. 
 Young, Agnes B. 
 Zangerle, John A. 
 Zorbaugh, Harvey W. 
 Zybura, John S. 
 
 DARKE COUNTY 
 
 Baker, May A. 
 Charlesworth, Ruby H. 
 Commons, John R. 
 Eppse, Merl R. 
 Gould, Jean R. 
 Heck, Earl L. W. 
 Henderson, Joseph F. 
 Katzenberger, Frances I. 
 Koch, Katharine I. 
 Perry, Robert E, 
 Reck, Waldo E. 
 Royer, Homer L. 
 Swartout, Annie F. 
 Thomas, Lowell J. 
 Wilson, Frazer E. 
 Wilson, Grove 
 Young, Calvin M. 
 
 DEFIANCE COUNTY 
 
 Boyd, Thomas A. 
 Chapman, Ervin S. 
 Clark, Walter E. 
 Dilworth, Hiram P. 
 Hootman, George W. 
 Knight, Ruth A. 
 Prueser, Sara V. 
 Royce, Charles C. 
 Weisenberger, Francis P. 
 Wilhelm, Donald G. 
 
 DELAWARE COUNTY 
 
 Allen, Horace N. 
 Andrews, J. Cutler 
 Aumann. Francis R. 
 Campbell, Daisy R. 
 Canfield, James H. 
 Evans, Lawrence B. 
 Hannum, Alberta P. 
 Hayes, Rutherford B. 
 Hughes, Thomas J. 
 Keen, Samuel A. 
 Kester, Paul 
 Kyrk, Hazel 
 Livingston, Miriam D. 
 Lowry, Robert E. 
 Neff, Emery E. 
 Nettleton, Alfred B. 
 Newcomb, Robert T. 
 Parlette, Ralph A. 
 Patterson, Anne V. S. 
 Paul, Nannette B. 
 
 Powell, Thomas E. 
 Powell, Warren T. 
 Rhodes, Charles D. 
 Rose, Martha E. P. 
 Schuette, Walter E. 
 Short, John T. 
 Watts, Mary S. 
 Wintermute, Martha V. D. 
 
 ERIE COUNTY 
 
 Anderson, Marjorie 
 Armstrong, Moses K. 
 Barker, Laura E. C. 
 Barringer, Edwin C. 
 Beatty, John 
 Butler, Jay C. 
 Cravath, Paul D. 
 Davis, Lemuel C. 
 Emerson, John 
 Everett, Homer 
 Everson, Florence M. 
 Fish, Williston 
 Frohman, Daniel 
 Frye, Burton J. C. 
 Gilchrist, Marie E. 
 Green, Charles R. 
 Hathaway, William E. 
 Hine, Lucius A. 
 Judson, Phoebe N. G. 
 Macchetta, Blanche R. T. 
 MacMillan. Mary L. 
 Mann, William D. 
 Merz, Charles 
 Otis, Philo A. 
 Parsons, Albert R. 
 Ruggles, Kent P. 
 Ryan, James A. 
 Savage, Ann P. 
 Silver, Debbie H. 
 Tillinghast, Henry B. 
 Tuttle. Hudson 
 Victor, Orville J. 
 Ward. William G. 
 Whitney, Lorenenzo H. L. 
 
 FAIRFIELD COUNTY 
 
 Bareis, George F. 
 Brenneman, Henry B. 
 Clymer, Albert 
 Ewing, Hugh B. 
 Giesy, Samuel H. 
 Griswold, Latta 
 Hastings, Rosetta B. 
 Hebble, Charles R. 
 Hilles, Frederick W. 
 Hyde, Solon 
 Killits, John M. 
 Leonard, Henry 
 Loucks, Michael 
 Lytle, James R. 
 Miller, Charles C. 
 Neibling, C. C. 
 
 Outcault, Richard F. 
 Reber, George 
 Sherman, John 
 Sherman, William T. 
 Shetrone, Henry C. 
 Snider, Van A. 
 Snow, Jane E. 
 Watson, Amelia B. 
 Waugh, Alice G. 
 Weist, Carl S. 
 Wells, Edmund 
 Williams, Alfred 
 Wiseman, Charles M. L. 
 
 FAYETTE COUNTY 
 
 Allen, Hugh 
 Baker, Magdalena D. H. 
 Crispin, William F. 
 Daugherty, Harry M. 
 Duffee, May M. 
 Fitzgerald, Pitt L. 
 Gillespie, Samuel L. 
 Gunning, William D. 
 Hill, John W. 
 Kirk, Grayson L. 
 Martin, Lawrence A. 
 Sanderson, Eugene C. 
 Savage, Thomas J. 
 Winchester, Marie M. 
 
 FRANKLIN COUNTY 
 
 Albaugh, Dorothy P. 
 Alberry, Faxon F. D. 
 Blaney, Charles E. 
 Boylan, Marguerite T. 
 Brown, Sara L. 
 Buck, Paul H. 
 Byers, Joseph P. 
 Carrington, Margaret I. S. 
 Carson, Julia M. H. 
 Cless, George H. 
 Coit, Stanton 
 Coulter, Ernest K. 
 Cox, George C. 
 Dobyns, Fletcher 
 Doherty, Henry L. 
 Donaldson, Thomas C. 
 Doney, Carl G. 
 Drake, Emily H. 
 Dun, John D. 
 Dyer, John L. 
 Eaton, Jeannette 
 Evans, Daniel L. 
 Felch, William F. 
 Ferril, Helen R. 
 Fippin, Elmer O. 
 Frankenberg, Theodore T. 
 Frings, Ketti 
 Gardner, Robert E. 
 Gill, Wilson L. 
 Gilliam, Charles F. 
 Gilmore, Florence 
 
Native Ohio Authors 
 
 730 
 
 Glenn, James S. 
 Graebner. Walter A. 
 Graham, Albert A. 
 Hack, Gwendolyn D. K. 
 Haig, Robert M. 
 Harding, Warren G., II 
 Horton, Joshua H. 
 House, Erwin 
 Hoyt, John W. 
 Hull, Alexander 
 Humphries, Adelaide M. 
 Huntington. Webster P. 
 Hutchinson, Frank. H. 
 Jackson, Jesse 
 Janis, Elsie 
 Jenkins, Hermon D. 
 Jenney, Mary P. 
 Kellor, Frances A. 
 Knopf, Carl S. 
 LaMonte, John L. 
 Lawrence, James C. 
 Leckliter, Grace D. 
 LeSourd, Leonard E. 
 McCabe, Lida R. 
 McClure, Robert E. 
 McClure, Samuel G.. Jr. 
 McCombs, Ralph L. F. 
 McElwaine, Ethyl 
 Mees, Arthur 
 Mees, Theophilus M. K. 
 Mills, William S. 
 Morehead, Lavinia M. E. 
 Myers, Joseph S. 
 Newfang, Oscar 
 Newsom, William M. 
 Nicholas, Edward 
 Norris, Emory 
 O'Kane, Walter C. 
 Paterson, Robert G. 
 Piatt, Cyrus 
 Piatt, Rutherford H. 
 Price, Emerson 
 Rarey, John S. 
 Reiser, Oliver L. 
 Richards, Joseph H. C. 
 Richardson, Will S. 
 Rickenbacker. Edward V. 
 Ripley, Roswell S. 
 Rodgers, Anthony D., Ill 
 Schenck, Earl 
 Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. 
 Schwarzwalder, John 
 Sherman, Christopher E. 
 Siebert, Wilbur H. 
 Sigler, Pearl N. 
 Smith, Lucy H. K. 
 Smith, Robert P. 
 Spahr, Charles B. 
 Stagg, Abraham 
 Starling, William 
 Stewart, Donald O. 
 Stewart, George B. 
 
 Studer, Jacob H. 
 Sullivant, Joseph 
 Sullivant, William S. 
 Tallant. Edith 
 Taylor, Edward L. 
 Thomas, Eleanor 
 Thurber, James G. 
 Thurston, Edward 
 Trautman, Milton B. 
 Vance, Rowland B. 
 Vaughan, Charles R. 
 Walker, Rollin H. 
 Wallis, Louis 
 Waltz, Elizabeth C. 
 Wheaton, John M. 
 Williams, Beryl 
 Williams, Edward T. 
 Wilson, John A. 
 Wittke, Carl F. 
 Woods, Henry M. 
 
 FULTON COUNTY 
 
 Aldrich, Fred H. 
 Alwood, William B. 
 Bullard, Frederic L. 
 Derby, Roswell, Jr. 
 Drennan, Marie 
 Johnson, Davis B. 
 Johnson, Solomon 
 Reighard, Frank H. 
 Wood-Allen, Mary 
 
 GALLIA COUNTY 
 
 Agee, Alva 
 Ball, Eustace H. 
 Bell, James M. 
 Coffeen, Henry A. 
 Dahlgren, Sarah M. V. G. 
 Evans, William R. 
 Ewing, Elmore E. 
 Harding, Arthur R. 
 Holcombe, Return I. 
 Love, Jeanette F. 
 Lucas, Eliza S. 
 Maddy, Homer B. 
 Nida. William L. 
 Shade, William H. T. 
 Thomas, Ruth 
 Wickline, William A. 
 
 GEAUGA COUNTY 
 
 Converse, Julius O. 
 Denton, Franklin E. 
 Dodge, Homer J. 
 Dodge, Martin H. 
 Henry, Frederick A. 
 Ludlow, Arthur C. 
 Luther, Clair F. 
 Matson, Clarence H. 
 Stocking, Amer M. 
 Wood, George L. 
 
 GREENE COUNTY 
 
 Barrett, Don C. 
 Benson, Henry C. 
 Boteler, Mattie M. 
 Browder, Uriah M. 
 Campbell, Elsie J. C. 
 Clemans, Sarah I. C. 
 Davie, Oliver 
 Drees, Charles W. 
 Dunlap, E. K. 
 Fleming, Daniel J. 
 Foster, Finley M. 
 Funk, Isaac K. 
 Galloway, William A. 
 George, Andrew M. 
 Hyslop, James H. 
 Johnston, Howard A. 
 Kelly, Fred C. 
 Lawrance, William V. 
 McMillan, Homer 
 Meredith, L. P. 
 Nesbit, Wilbur D. 
 Newton, Frances H. 
 Orr, Charles H. 
 Owens, Ira S. 
 Paullin, Charles O. 
 Paxson, William A. 
 Peale, Norman V. 
 Quinn, Daniel 
 Reid, James H. 
 Reid, Whitelaw 
 Rife, David C. 
 Robinson, George F. 
 Schlesinger, Arthur M. 
 Scott. Hervey 
 Thorne, Charles E. 
 Torrence, Frederic R. 
 Walker, Thomas B. 
 Wike, Murlie B. 
 Zimmerman, Sarah A. 
 
 GUERNSEY COUNTY 
 
 Campbell, Mary E. 
 Carnes, Sidney C. 
 Eagleson, Hodge M. 
 Fleming, Wallace B. 
 Glenn, Emma L. P. 
 Harris, Leon R. 
 Heiner, Jessie M. 
 Jefferson, Charles E. 
 Lawyer, James P. 
 Luccock, George N. 
 Luccock, Naphtali 
 McFarland, Jeannette 
 McVicker, Daphne A. 
 Maple, Joseph C. 
 Miller, Sadie M. 
 Neubeck, Mary C. 
 Oldham. Samuel 
 Peacock, Thomas B. 
 Sarchet, Cyrus P. B. 
 Shimp, Ellis H. 
 
731 
 
 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 Slaughter, Gertrude E. T. 
 Spaythe, Jacob A. 
 Springer, Walter G. 
 Stewart, Nixon B. 
 Stranathan, May 
 Wilson, Joseph G. 
 Wolfe, William G. 
 Wood, Sheridan F. 
 
 HAMILTON COUNTY 
 
 Addington, Sarah 
 Agger, Eugene E. 
 Allen. Emory A. 
 Allen, Ethan 
 Allen, Hans V. N. 
 Allen, Lee 
 Anderson, Bessie W. 
 Anderson, Edward L. 
 Anderson, Richard C. 
 Anspacher, Louis K. 
 Athens, Ida G. 
 Backus, Emma H. S. 
 Baldus, Simon A. 
 Ball, Alice E. 
 Banta, Melissa E. R. 
 Bardon, Minna F. 
 Beard, Daniel C. 
 Beard, James C. 
 Beard, Mary C. 
 Beard, Thomas F. 
 Beauchamp, Lou J. 
 Behrman, Ethel K. 
 Benedict, Agnes E. 
 Best, Susie M. 
 Bevis, Alma D. 
 Bickham, William D. 
 Biles, Roy E. 
 Black, Robert L. 
 Bodley, Rachel L. 
 Bonte, George W. 
 Boyland, George H. 
 Branham, Charles A. 
 Brannan, William P. 
 Brewster, Stanley F. 
 Brooks, Jennie 
 Brotherton, John W. 
 Brown, Frederic 
 Browning, Charles H. 
 Bugbee, Lucius H. 
 Bunker, John J. L. 
 Burnet, Frank D. 
 Burrows, Millar 
 Burt, Pitts H. 
 Byer, Herbert 
 Cady, John H. 
 Carey, Charles H. 
 Carrier, Warren P. 
 Carter, Alfred G. W. 
 Carver, George 
 Cary, Alice 
 Cary, Phoebe 
 Cary, Samuel F. 
 
 Chase, Jessie A. 
 Chester, George R. 
 Chipman, H. G. 
 Cist, Henry M. 
 Clark, Mazie E. 
 Clarke, Peter E. 
 Cleveland, Grace E. M. 
 Clopper, Edward N. 
 Collins, Clinton 
 Comegys, Charles G. 
 Cone, Stephen D. 
 Cooper, Dorothy 
 Cooper, William C. 
 Coyle, Robert M. 
 Crafts, Sara J. 
 Craig, John D. 
 Cranmer, Gibson L. 
 Cranston, Lucie M. 
 Crapsey, Algernon S. 
 Crippen, William G. 
 Culbertson, Henry C. 
 Dandridge, Raymond G. 
 Davis, William B. 
 Day, Sarah J. 
 Deasy, Mary M. 
 DeCamp, Ellis O. 
 de Chambrun, Clara L. 
 Dessar, Leo C. 
 Dexter, Charles 
 Dickore, Marie P. 
 Diebold, Janet H. 
 Drake, Charles D. 
 DuBois, Frances H. 
 Dunbar, Seymour 
 Dunlevy, Anthony H. 
 Durham, E. Samuel 
 Eckstein, Gustav 
 Eddy, Thomas M. 
 Elam, Charles M. 
 Ellard, Harry G. 
 Ellard, Virginia G. 
 Eustis, Helen 
 Eversull, Harry K. 
 Faison, Mabel H. 
 Farny, Margaret W. 
 Field, Sara B. 
 Fillmore, Parker H. 
 Finkelstein, Louis 
 Fisher, George J. 
 Flash, Henry L. 
 Fleischmann, Julius 
 Fletcher, Robert H. 
 Flowers, Montaville 
 Fosdick, William W. 
 Friedrich, Ralph 
 Fullerton, Kemper 
 Gamble, Sidney D. 
 Garey, Thomas A. 
 Garrard, Lewis H. 
 Garrison, Elisha E. 
 Gatchell, Charles 
 Gavin, Frank S. B. 
 
 Gerard, Clinton W. 
 Glueck, Nelson 
 Graydon, Thomas H. 
 Greve, Charles T. 
 Groesbeck, Telford 
 Groff, William N. 
 Groom, Charlotte L. 
 Hall, Edward H. 
 Hammel, Mamie L. 
 Handy, William H. 
 Hargrave, Catherine P. 
 Harris, Norman D. 
 Harrison, Benjamin 
 Henri, Robert 
 Herzog, Margaret G. 
 Hesing, Washington 
 Hessler, Iola O, 
 Hexter, Maurice B. 
 Hoffman, Charles W. 
 Holmes, Arthur 
 Hopkins, Charles E. 
 Hornback, Florence M. 
 Horton, Thomas C. 
 Hubbard, Lucius L. 
 Hubert, Philip G. 
 Hugentabler, Robert C. 
 Humble, Henry W. 
 Hunt, Samuel F. 
 Huston, Paul G. 
 Ingalls, Fay 
 Isaacs, Nathan 
 Isham, Mary K. 
 Israel, Edward L. 
 Jacobs, Anne M. 
 James, Alice A. S. 
 James, Francis B. 
 Jarnagin, Dorothy G. 
 Jenkins, Edward L. 
 Jewett, John B. 
 Kaiser, Ramona 
 Kates, Philip 
 Kellogg, Elizabeth R. 
 Kemper, Andrew C. 
 Kemper, Frederick A. 
 Kitchell, Joseph G. 
 Kittredge, Daniel W. 
 Koch, Felix J. 
 Kohler, Julilly H. 
 Kramer, Stella 
 Krapp, George P. 
 Kronenberger, Louis 
 Kuechler, Otto 
 Lacey, Margaret E. 
 Lacey, Thomas J. 
 Lamott, John H. 
 Lamson, Peggy F. 
 Leonard, Adna W. 
 Levi, Harry 
 Longworth, Nicholas 
 Lord, John K. 
 Lowry, Robert 
 Lucas, Anna M. 
 
Native Ohio Authors 
 
 732 
 
 Ludwig, Charles 
 Lupton, Dilworth 
 Lytle, William H. 
 McAllister, Anna S. 
 McCann, Sister Mary A. 
 McGiffert, Arthur C, Jr. 
 McGrane, Reginald C. 
 McGroarty, William B. 
 McLaughlin, George 
 McLaughlin, Mary L. 
 MacMillan, Marion T. 
 Maddux, Berton J. 
 Mallon, Guy W. 
 Matthews, Mother Eva L. 
 Matthews, Stanley 
 Matthews, Thomas S. 
 Maxwell, James A. 
 May, Max B. 
 Mayer, Albert I. 
 Meeker, Jotham 
 Meyer, Hugo R. 
 Minor, Thomas C. 
 Mitchel. Frederick A. 
 Mitchell, Daniel H. 
 Mitchell, Stewart 
 Moerlein, George 
 Morgan, Arthur E. 
 Morgan, William Y. 
 Morrison, Charles C. 
 Movius, Anne M. 
 Neff, Cornelius 
 Neff, Peter 
 Nelson, Helen L. 
 Newhall, Robert D. 
 Nichols, William T. 
 Ninde, Edward S. 
 Nolen, Eleanor W. 
 Oakes, George W. O. 
 Ogden, George C. 
 O'Hara, Julie C. 
 Oliver, Wade W. 
 Owen, William M. 
 Parry, Emma L. 
 Patterson, Ernest M. 
 Paver, John M. 
 Payler, Esther M. 
 Peck, John W. 
 Peck, Nelle W. 
 Pendleton, Edmund 
 Pendleton, George H. 
 Perry, Elizabeth W. 
 Piatt, Donn 
 Piatt, Louise K. 
 Posegate, Mabel 
 Pummill, James 
 Rains, Paul B. 
 Ransohoff, Joseph 
 Raymond, Rossiter W. 
 Reeves, Arthur M. 
 Rettig, John 
 Richardson, Leander 
 Riker, John F. 
 
 Rimanoczy, Richard S. 
 Risley, Samuel D. 
 Robinson, Chalfant 
 Rodabaugh, James H. 
 Rogers, Lebbeus H. 
 Rogers, Margaret D. 
 Ross, Denman W. 
 Royse, Noble K. 
 Ruess, Stella K. 
 Rust, John B. 
 Ryan, Daniel J. 
 Ryan, Walter A. 
 Sampson, Martin W. 
 Santmyer, Helen H. 
 Sattler, Eric E. 
 Sauer, Louis W. 
 Saunders, David B. 
 Schevill, Ferdinand 
 Schevill, Rudolph 
 Schulze, Mildred E. 
 Scott, William B. 
 Scudder, John M. 
 Sears, Angeline B. 
 Seasongood, Murray 
 Self, Margaret C. 
 Selwyn, Edgar 
 Sheehan, Perley P. 
 Shepardson, Francis W. 
 Shepardson, George D. 
 Shields, Pauline R. 
 Shiels. William E. 
 Shriner, Charles A. 
 Shuey. Edwin L. 
 Siewers, Sarah M. 
 Simrall, Margaret M. 
 Slater, Mary W. 
 Smith, George T. 
 Smith, Miles W. 
 Smith, Oberlin 
 Smith, Preserved 
 Smith, Vincent E. 
 Sparkes, Boyden 
 Steep, Thomas 
 Stephenson, Henry T. 
 Stephenson, Nathaniel W. 
 Sternberger, Estelle M. 
 Stevens, George E. 
 Steward, Ann 
 Stewart Anna B. 
 Stewart, Thomas M. 
 Storer, Bellamy 
 Storer, Maria L. N. 
 Strauss, Joseph B. 
 Swing, David 
 Tackenberg, Charles W. 
 Taft. Charles P. 
 Taft, Helen H. 
 Taft, Henry W. 
 Taft, Horace D. 
 Taft, Robert A. 
 Taft, William H. 
 Tait, John R. 
 
 Thomas, Rolla L. 
 Thompson, Aaron B. 
 Thompson, Clara A. 
 Thompson, David D. 
 Thompson, Priscilla J. 
 Thomson, Peter G. 
 Thomson, William M. 
 Thuma, Helen D. 
 Tibbals, Seymour S. 
 Tiffany, Nina M. 
 Tomlinson, Athelia M. 
 Tressler, Donald K. 
 Turner, Lida W. 
 Turpie, David 
 Tuttle, Margaretta M. 
 Underwood, Charlotte W. 
 Urner, Mabel H. 
 Urner, Nathan D. 
 Venable, Emerson 
 Venable, William M. 
 Voss, Elizabeth N. 
 Wald, Lillian D. 
 Wallington, Nellie U. 
 Walton, George E. 
 Wambaugh, Sarah 
 Washburne, Heluiz C. 
 White, John W. 
 Whittaker, James T. 
 Williams, John F. 
 Williamson, Horace G. 
 Wilshire, Henry G. 
 Wilson, Samuel R. 
 Woellner, Fredric P. 
 Wood, Charles S. 
 Wood, Frederick M. 
 Workman, Mary C. S. 
 Wright, D. Thew 
 Wright, William B. 
 Wunder, Clinton 
 Zeligs, Rose 
 Zenner, Philip 
 
 HANCOCK COUNTY 
 
 Adams, Jacob 
 Ascham, John B. 
 Cole, Ralph D. 
 Crouse, Russel 
 Dukes, Harriet E. G. 
 Fowler. Mary B. 
 Grose, Parlee C, 
 Guise, Cedric H. 
 Heminger, Isaac N. 
 Hower, Frank L. 
 Kershner, Glenn R. 
 Keyser, Cassius J. 
 McCaughey, Maretta R. 
 Palmer, John R. 
 Vance, J. Wilson 
 Welty, J. Jerome 
 
 HARDIN COUNTY 
 
 Allen, Abel L. 
 Benton, Guy P. 
 
733 
 
 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 Blue, Herbert T. O. 
 Campbell, Lily B. 
 Conrard, George H. A. 
 Freeman, Martin J. 
 Garwood, Irving 
 Hale, William J. 
 Helms, Elmer E. 
 Kennedy, Sarah L. 
 Machetanz, Frederick 
 McMillen, Wheeler 
 Melhorn, Nathan R. 
 Shockey, Samuel W. 
 Stevenson, Louis L. 
 Thomas, Daniel D. 
 Young, Allyn A. 
 
 HARRISON COUNTY 
 
 Akeley, Mary J. 
 Burtoft, Lavina A. H. J. 
 Cowen, Benjamin R. 
 Crawford, Thomas R. 
 Custer, George A. 
 Garst, Laura D. 
 Hammond, Percy H. 
 Hanna, Charles A. 
 Harding, lohn M. 
 Harrison, Joseph T. 
 Holmes, James T. 
 Holmes, William H. 
 Hough, Lynn H. 
 Hunter, William H. 
 Irwin, Demaris 
 Johnston, Nathan R. 
 Kyle, Melvin G. 
 Longsworth, Basil N. 
 McAdam, Dunlap J. 
 McGavran, Samuel B. 
 Nevin, William C. 
 Petty, Orville A. 
 Ralston, Chester F. 
 Ramsay, Janet 
 Ryder, Melvin 
 Sawvel, Franklin B. 
 Schilling, Robert W. 
 Scott, Robert P. 
 Shepfer, Harold R. 
 Shotwell, Walter G. 
 Simpson, Matthew 
 Slaughter, Linda W. 
 Smith, James P. 
 Tipton, Thomas W. 
 Vincent, Thomas M. 
 Welch, Anthony C. 
 Welch, John 
 Wishart, John E. 
 Wright, Edward E. 
 Wright, William H. 
 
 HENRY COUNTY 
 
 Brennan, John P. 
 Brown, Joe E. 
 DeLong, Arthur H. 
 
 Margrat, Mae E. 
 Redhead, Alice C. 
 Rothenburger, William R. 
 Schwiebert, Ernest G. 
 
 HIGHLAND COUNTY 
 
 Allison, David P. 
 Ayres, Atlee B. 
 Bering, John 
 Beveridge, Albert J. 
 Bonner, David F. 
 Brewster, William N. 
 Caniff, Milton A. 
 Carlisle, Walter E. 
 Cornetet, Noah E. 
 Crothers, Samuel D. 
 Curry, Otway 
 Davis, Edwin H. 
 Doggett, Henry S. 
 Faris, Lillie A. 
 Foraker, Joseph B. 
 Foster, Caroline H. W. 
 Fullerton, Hugh S. 
 Harper, Robert S. 
 Haynes, Roy A. 
 Honline, Moses A. 
 Huggins, William L. 
 Hunter, Cora W. 
 Irwin, William H. H. 
 McNicol, Hugh S. 
 Martin, Renwick H. 
 Miller, Thurman 
 Montgomery, Thomas 
 Moore, David W. 
 Morgan, Violet 
 Neff, Elizabeth H. 
 Parker, Caroline H. 
 Pike, James 
 Rives, Marie T. 
 Scott, Samuel P, 
 Thompson, Eliza J. T. 
 Tuttle, Mary M. T. 
 
 HOCKING COUNTY 
 
 Biddle, Horace P. 
 McCarty, Ida H. D. 
 Rodeheaver, Homer A. 
 Salmans, Levi B. 
 Webb, Tessa S. 
 Work, Edgar W. 
 
 HOLMES COUNTY 
 
 Ballou, Elsie A. 
 Fortune, Alonza W. 
 Given, Welker 
 Harris, Adah M. G. 
 Laylander, Orange J. 
 McCulloch, Roscoe C. 
 McDowell, William F. 
 Manatt, James I. 
 Moore, Ambrose B. 
 Officer, Morris 
 
 Pennell, William W. 
 Uhl, Lemon L. 
 Welshimer, Helen L. 
 Williams, Albert B. 
 Winter, Nevin O. 
 Workman, Charles H. 
 
 HURON COUNTY 
 
 Brooks, Eliphalet 
 Cowles, Julia D. 
 Culbertson, Hugh E. 
 Curran, Grace W. 
 French, Elsie J. 
 Haas, William H. 
 Henry, William A. 
 Jennings, Otto E. 
 Keesy, William A. 
 Kennan, George 
 Kinney, Bruce 
 Laning, Jay F. 
 Lisle, William M. 
 Luxon, Norval N. 
 Mead, George W. 
 Miller, Ellen B. R. 
 Newman, Joseph S. 
 Noble, Cyrus W. 
 Osborn, Hartwell 
 Reed, Fannie K. 
 Rennelson, Clara H. M. 
 Ries, William F. 
 Smith, Abbie N. 
 Spears, Raymond S. 
 States, Fannie M. 
 Waggoner, Clark 
 Wildman, Marion W. 
 Williams, Albert R. 
 Williams, Charles D. 
 
 JACKSON COUNTY 
 
 Baker, Cornelia 
 Davies, John T. 
 Foraker, Julia B. 
 Gillilan, James D. 
 Gillilan, Strickland 
 Isham, Asa B. L. 
 Jones, Ira L. 
 Kinnison, Charles S. 
 Lively, James M. 
 Long, Fanny F. 
 Mackley, John H. 
 Maurer, David W. 
 Miller, H. C. 
 Patterson, James H. 
 Ray, E. S. 
 Rowe, Frank H. 
 Williams, Daniel W. 
 Wilmore, Augustus C. 
 Young, Jeremiah S. 
 
 JEFFERSON COUNTY 
 
 Adams, James B. 
 Bartley, Thomas W. 
 
Native Ohio Authors 
 
 734 
 
 Bates, David H. 
 Chapin, Henry D. 
 Clark, Alexander 
 Doyle, Joseph B. 
 Dundass, Samuel R. 
 Erskine, Dorothy B. 
 Fisher, Benjamin F. 
 Geer, Ney N. 
 Gray, Oliver C. 
 Hunter, Dard 
 Lawrence, Lou 
 Lawrence, William 
 Leavitt, John M. 
 McGrew, Thomas F. 
 Means, Stewart 
 Merrill, Stephen M. 
 Mills. William 
 Milner, Duncan C. 
 Morgan, Thomas B. 
 Newton, Joseph H. 
 Pittenger, William 
 Riggs, Stephen R. 
 Roberts, Charles H. 
 Scott, John 
 Sloane, William M. 
 Smith, Byron C. 
 Todd, Walter E. C. 
 Updegraff, David B. 
 Van Kirk, James W. 
 Wright, Mary T. 
 
 KNOX COUNTY 
 
 Ames. Delano 
 Barker, John M. 
 Bates, Ernest S. 
 Best, Nolan R. 
 Beum, Robert L. 
 Blackledge, Celize F. 
 Chambers. Merritt M. 
 Colerick, Edward F. 
 Gates. Josephine S. 
 Hastings, Lansford W. 
 Herrick, Sophia M. B. 
 Hervey, Henry M. 
 James, Fleming 
 Lathrop, Lorin A. 
 Lee, James 
 Levering, Robert W. 
 Lhamon, William J. 
 Lybarger, Lee F. 
 Norton, Anthony B. 
 Scribner, Harvey 
 Sockman, Ralph W. 
 Squier, Lee W. 
 Welker, Martin 
 Wood, David W. 
 
 LAKE COUNTY 
 
 Adams, William L. 
 Barnes. Lemuel C. 
 Beard. Adelia B. 
 Beard. William H. 
 Branch. Edward P. 
 
 Carrel, Cora G. 
 Carrel, Minnie E. B. 
 Conger, Sarah P. 
 Curtis, Anna L. 
 Kellogg, Charlotte 
 Ladd, George T. 
 Lincoln, James F. 
 Mathews, Alfred 
 Norton. William H. 
 Olin, Saul C. 
 Opper, Emma A. 
 Opper, Frederick B. 
 Paine, Bayard H. 
 Shankland, Frank N. 
 Smith, Joseph 
 Smith, Percy K. 
 Warner, Horace E. 
 Wellman, Walter 
 Wyman, Mary E. T. 
 
 LAWRENCE COUNTY 
 
 Fry, Susanna M. D. 
 Hatcher, Harlan H. 
 Holliday, Carl 
 Knepper, Mamie C. 
 Lampton. William J. 
 McConn, Charles M. 
 Moore, Edward E. 
 Porter, Will 
 Richards. John T. 
 Rightmire, George W. 
 Ryan. Don 
 Sutton, Joseph J. 
 
 LICKING COUNTY 
 
 Andorn. Sidney 
 Ashbrook, William A. 
 Baird. Samuel J. 
 Bancroft, Hubert H. 
 Bates, Miner S. 
 Beardsley, D. B. 
 Beecher, Edward N. 
 Besse, Henry 
 Bricker, Garland A. 
 Brown, Harry M. 
 Bryant, Lorinda M. 
 Burns, James J. 
 Burton, Ernest D. 
 Bushnell, Henry 
 Catherwood, Mary H. 
 Clark, Neil M. 
 Clifton, John L. 
 Coman, Katharine 
 Conard, Howard L. 
 Cook, Tennessee C. C. 
 Coomes, Oliver 
 Cooperrider, George T. 
 Cunningham, William M. 
 Dorsey, George A. 
 Elliott, George 
 Foster. Ethel F. 
 Gilliam. Davis T. 
 
 Hayes, Ellen 
 Hooper, Osman C. 
 Hoover, Guy I. 
 Howard, James Q. 
 Hunter, Robbins 
 Lawrence, Eda H. 
 Legler, Mary F. 
 Long, Mason 
 Martin, Victoria C. W. 
 Metz, Walter C. 
 Moody, Minnie H. 
 Murray, Lois L. A. 
 Myers, Jay A. 
 Nash, Henry S. 
 Northrop, Stephen A. 
 Park, Samuel 
 Price, Ira M. 
 Rosecrans, Sylvester H. 
 Schaff, Morris 
 Scott, Joseph M. 
 Scott, Milton R. 
 Shepardson, Daniel 
 Simkins, Joshua D. 
 Smythe, Brandt G. 
 Spangler, Helen K. 
 Sparks, Edwin E. 
 Sprague, Marshall 
 Sprague, Mary A. 
 Stevens, Isaac N. 
 Sturgeon, Molly B. 
 White, Charles B. 
 Whitehead, John 
 Wilder, Margaret B. 
 Wilson, Edward S. 
 Wyrick, David 
 
 LOGAN COUNTY 
 
 Anderson, George W. 
 Campbell, Marion 
 Chambers, James J. 
 Edwards, Donald E. 
 Fuller, Emily G. 
 Gladding, Effie P. 
 Grabiel, Zephaniah 
 Herskovits, Melville J. 
 Hopkins, Livingston 
 Hubbard, Frank M. 
 Hubbard-Kernan, Will 
 Johnston, John B. 
 Kiplinger, Willard M. 
 Kuhns, William T. 
 Long, Julius W. 
 Macartney, Clarence E. N. 
 McClain. Naomi S. 
 McGinnis. Frederick A. 
 Paterson, Robert 
 Porter, James A. 
 Shultz, Joseph S. 
 Smith, Walter G. 
 Thornton, Edwin W. 
 Williams, John C. 
 Wood, Eugene 
 Wylie, David G. 
 
735 
 
 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 LORAIN COUNTY 
 
 Allen, Frederick D. 
 Barton, Fred B. 
 Biddle, Jacob A. 
 Bragdon, Claude F. 
 Cathcart, William H. 
 Chamberlain, Ernest B. 
 Cochran, William C. 
 Curtiss, George L. 
 Cushman, Clarissa W. F. 
 Dodd, Henry M. 
 Eastman, Linda A. 
 Ely, Charles A. 
 Fairchild, George T. 
 Freeman, Julia S. W. 
 Frost, Stanley 
 Frost, Wesley 
 Gillmore, Quincy A. 
 Gittings, Ella P. B. 
 Haskell, Henry J. 
 Herrick, Myron T. 
 Horr, Alfred R. 
 Hudson, James F. 
 Jackson, Eva E. 
 Jewell, Louise P. 
 Lee, Robert D. 
 Leighton, Margaret C. 
 Magoun, F. Alexander 
 Miner, Luella 
 Monteith, John 
 Morgan, Anne E. F. 
 Parks, L. K. 
 Pierce, Ernest P. 
 Rawson, Clayton 
 Ryder, Arthur W. 
 Ryder, Robert O. 
 Shaw, Archer H. 
 Siddall, John M. 
 Tenney, Luman H. 
 Thomas, Katharine G. 
 Vietzen, Raymond C. 
 Vincent, John M. 
 Walden, Robert L. 
 Warner, Henry E. 
 Weeks, Frank E. 
 Westervelt, William D. 
 Zurcher, Arnold J. 
 
 LUCAS COUNTY 
 
 Alter, Karl J. 
 Andrews, Gertrude N. 
 Ashley. Charles S. 
 Bartelle, J. P. 
 Beach, Edward L. 
 Berdan, John M. 
 Bliss, Sylvia H. 
 Brinkerhoff, Robert M. 
 Brown, Oril 
 Brownlee, Jane A. 
 Calisch, Edward N. 
 Campbell, Louis W. 
 Colton, Olive A. 
 
 Condon, Frank 
 Corey, Herbert 
 Cosgrove, Maynard G. 
 Davis, Lyman E. 
 Dean, Corinne 
 Donovan, Joseph W. 
 Drago, Harry S. 
 Dunlap, Maurice P. 
 Effler, Louis R. 
 Follet, Margaret W. 
 Ford, Collin 
 Gilmore, Elsie 
 Guild, Ella J. P. 
 Guitteau, William B. 
 Harpster, Hilda T. 
 Hollington, Richard D. 
 Hosmer, John A. 
 Huberich, Charles H. 
 Johnson, Wendell F. 
 Ketcham, Wilmot A. 
 Larson, Alice 
 Lawrance, Harold G. 
 Loban, Ethel H. 
 MacCracken, Henry N. 
 MacGowan, Alice 
 MacVey, William P. 
 Morse, Robert 
 Munn, Glenn G. 
 Niess, Sister Mary Vera 
 OToole, George B. 
 Pargellis, Stanley M. 
 Rorick, Isabel S. 
 Sanger, Margot 
 Sibley, Edward C. 
 Smythe, George F. 
 Taylor, Frederick W. 
 Tippett. Edwin J. 
 Wason, Robert A. 
 Weed, Clarence M. 
 Wickenden, Arthur C. 
 Williams, Caroline L. R. 
 Williams, Egerton R. 
 Woolley, Celia P. 
 Worts, George F. 
 
 MADISON COUNTY 
 
 Beach, John N. 
 Byers, William N. 
 Cheseldine, Raymond M. 
 Crawford, Benjamin F. 
 Freeman, Winfield 
 Hickernell, Warren F. 
 Jeffries, James G. 
 Johnson, Edward W. 
 Lane, Etta F. 
 McGaffey, Ernest 
 Moriarty, Helen L. 
 Strain, Rodney 
 Watson, David K. 
 
 MAHONING COUNTY 
 
 Aley, Howard C. 
 Baldwin, William H. 
 
 Barker, Mary L. 
 Bunts, Frank E. 
 Burnett, Henry L. 
 Burt, John S. 
 Butler, Henry A. 
 Campbell, Mary R. 
 DeFord, Sara W. 
 Elser, Donald 
 Evans, Frederick N. 
 Fisk, George M. 
 Galaida, Edward 
 Gaul, Harriette L. A. 
 Hamilton, Edmond M. 
 Hayden, Amos S. 
 Hutchins, Frank W. 
 Kemp, Harry H. 
 Kirtland, Lucian S. 
 Leonard, Adna B. 
 Mansfield, Ira F. 
 Matson, Henry 
 Moore, Ernest C. 
 Ott, Edward A. 
 Packard, Jasper 
 Schumann, Mary K. 
 Sherwood, Katherine M. B. 
 Stanley, Lysander M. 
 Taylor, Charles B. 
 Wanamaker, Reuben M. 
 Whiteleather, Melvin K. 
 
 MARION COUNTY 
 
 Conklin, Edwin G. 
 Dix, Fred K. 
 Fite, Emerson D. 
 Hahn, Benjamin D. 
 Hipsher, Edward E. 
 Keeler, Clyde E. 
 McNeal, Thomas A. 
 Orians, George H. 
 Search. Preston W. 
 Thomas, Norman M. 
 Warwick, Frank M. 
 Weeks, Oliver D. 
 
 MEDINA COUNTY 
 
 Adams, William E. 
 Alden, Carroll S. 
 Aldrich, Julia C. 
 Alger, Russell A. 
 Ambler, Henry L. 
 Barone, Allen G. 
 Brinkerhoff, Henry R. 
 Dowd, Quincy L. 
 Hinsdale, Burke A. 
 Hinsdale, Wilbert B. 
 Kingsley, Florence M. 
 Lewis, Charles B. 
 Loomis, Elisha S. 
 Lowrie, Donald A. 
 Mead, Edward S. 
 Pond, Mariam B. 
 Root, Ernest R. 
 
Native Ohio Authors 
 
 736 
 
 Ross, W. W. 
 Strong, Sidney D. 
 Thomas. Edith M. 
 Tremnger, Carolyn E. 
 Walters, Zelia M. 
 Webber, Amos R. 
 Wieand, Albert C. 
 Wilcox, Alanson 
 Wright, Henry C. 
 
 MEIGS COUNTY 
 
 Andrews, Martin R. 
 Arnold. Nelson E. 
 Barrett. Selah H. 
 Barton, Thomas H. 
 Bicknell, Emeline L. 
 Bierce, Ambrose G. 
 Campbell, James E. 
 Doerner, Celia 
 Dunn, Waldo H. 
 Holliday, George H. 
 Horton, Samuel D. 
 Hoyt, Wilbur F. 
 Larkin, Stillman C. 
 Poffenbarger, Livia N. S. 
 Price, Merle 
 Sibley, William G. 
 Washburne, Harry R. 
 Wilder, Theodore 
 
 MERCER COUNTY 
 
 Dull, Paul P. 
 Duncan, Marion H. 
 Frazier, Ida M. H. 
 Hodder, Alfred 
 Oswald, John C. 
 Schockman, Carl S. 
 Scranton, Stafford S. 
 Volz, J. Albert 
 Wilson, Earl 
 
 MIAMI COUNTY 
 
 Albaugh, Benjamin F. 
 Albaugh, Noah H. 
 Beery. Jesse 
 Bellaw, Americus W. 
 Brooks, Robert C. 
 Clark, George G. 
 Culbertson, James C. 
 Davis, Arthur N. 
 DeWeese, Truman A. 
 Furnas. Boyd E. 
 Galloway. Julia R. 
 Gates, Lawrence G. 
 Green, Asa T. 
 Jenkinson, Isaac 
 Kerr, Alva M. 
 Kinsey, Samuel 
 Marshall, Thomas B. 
 Mayo-Smith, Richmond 
 O'Ferrall, Kirk B. 
 
 Pemberton, Benjamin A. 
 Rollins, Horace J. 
 Shook, Chester R. 
 Smiley, Jerome C. 
 Smith, Ernest A. 
 Smith, Henry P. 
 Spengler, Joseph J. 
 Wells, Bertram W. 
 Wells, Sarah F. 
 Widney, Joseph P. 
 Woods, Perry D. 
 
 MONROE COUNTY 
 
 Anshutz, Edward 
 Brewer, Abraham T. 
 Davidson, Wilbur L. 
 Fisher, Stokely S. 
 Harris, Merriman C. 
 Johnson, William H. 
 MacMaster. Homer E. 
 Martin, Harry E. 
 Martin, Sylvester M. 
 Parry, Ward H. 
 Rapking, Aaron H. 
 Steward, Samuel M. 
 Taylor, Mary A. M. 
 Thornbury. Delmar L. 
 Williams, William A. 
 
 MONTGOMERY COUNTY 
 
 Albee, Helen R. 
 Antrim, Doron K. 
 Antrim, Ernest I. 
 Argow. Wendelin 
 Arnold. James O. 
 Artz. Frederick B. 
 Babbitt, Irving 
 Bell, Bernard I. 
 Black, Margaret S. 
 Bonser, Thomas A. 
 Brooks, Nellie S. 
 Burnet, David S. 
 Carney. Aubrey T. 
 Chancellor, William E. 
 Coan, Charles F. 
 Coates, Archie A. 
 Comstock, Daniel W. 
 Conover, Charlotte R. 
 Conover, Frank 
 Creager, Charles E. 
 Crook. George 
 Cunningham, Virginia 
 Dale, Christopher 
 Daniels, Winthrop M. 
 Delp, Irwin W. 
 Denton, Sherman F. 
 DeRan, Edna S. 
 Devine, George B. 
 Dickman, Joseph T. 
 Dickson, Arthur P. 
 Doan, Edward N. 
 Drake, William A. 
 
 Dunbar, Paul L. 
 Edgar, John F. 
 Eldridge, Charlotte B. 
 Evans, Virginia M. 
 Flannery, M. Jay 
 Fleischmann, Maximilian C. 
 Frizell, Martha G. 
 Frizell, William G. 
 Gates, Elmer 
 Grimes, Edward B. 
 Grose, William 
 Gunckel, John E. 
 Harper, Fowler V. 
 Hochwalt, Albert F. 
 Houk, Eliza P. T. 
 Hultman, Helen J. 
 Jenkins, Charles F. 
 Lecklider, John T. 
 Louttit, George M. 
 Lydenberg, Harry M. 
 Lytle, John H. 
 McConnaughey, James P. 
 McCormick, Frank J. 
 MacDonald. Susanne K. R. 
 McKee, Philip J. 
 Marletto, Charlotte L. 
 Maxwell, Sidney D. 
 Miller, Louise K. 
 Mills, William C. 
 Minnich, Harvey E. 
 More, Enoch A. 
 More, James B. 
 Noffsinger, John S. 
 Olt, George R. 
 Parrott, Thomas M. 
 Patterson. Frederick B. 
 Payne, Philip 
 Peterson, Florence 
 Pollard. Edwina O. 
 Potts. Frank E. 
 Pryor. Helen S. 
 Reeve, Sidney A. 
 Richards, Clarice E. 
 Richardson. Jonathan M. 
 Richmond. Cecil J. 
 Rockey, Carroll J. 
 Rudy, Stella M. 
 Sabine. George H. 
 Sayler, Harry L. 
 Scott. William F. 
 Shinn. Roger L. 
 Shuey, William J. 
 Smith, George B. 
 Steele, Mary D. 
 Steele, Robert W. 
 Thomas, Thomas H. 
 Thruston, Gates P. 
 Von Engeln, Oskar 
 Weaver, James B. 
 Werthner, William B. 
 Whitlock, William F. 
 Williams, Susan M. 
 
737 
 
 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 MORGAN COUNTY 
 
 Addis, Hugh 
 Berry, Elwood S. 
 Coler, Cyphron S. 
 Crew Fleming H. 
 Dawes, Rufus R. 
 Dellenbaugh, Frederick S. 
 Elliott, Charles B. 
 Gall, Alice C. 
 Garretson, Arthur S. 
 Naylor, James B. 
 Pierce, Silas C. 
 Sprague, William C. 
 Tannehill, Ivan R. 
 
 MORROW COUNTY 
 
 Furbay, John H. 
 Gunsaulus, Frank W. 
 Hall, John A. 
 Harding, Warren G. 
 McGaughy, James R. 
 Pepper, Charles M. 
 Powell, Dawn 
 Sharp, William G. 
 Snider, Denton J. 
 Stockham. Alice B. 
 Williams, Frankwood E. 
 
 MUSKINGUM COUNTY 
 
 Bevis, Sophia C. H. 
 Bloomer, James M. 
 Brush, Albert M. 
 Brush, Edmund C. 
 Corbin. Charles R. 
 Cox, Samuel S. 
 Cox, William V. 
 Culbertson. Anne V. 
 Curran, George E. 
 Downs, Edward 
 DuBois, Constance G. 
 Elson, Henry W. 
 Fauley, Wilber F. 
 Findley, Samuel 
 Fink, Ollie E. 
 Foley, Louis 
 Gabriel, Joel C. 
 Gates, Willey F. 
 Granger, Alfred H. 
 Granger, Moses M. 
 Grey, Zane 
 
 Hamilton, Franklin E. E. 
 Hamilton, Gilbert V. T. 
 Harkness, Donna J. 
 Harper, William R. 
 Kelley, Samuel W. 
 Kelly, Melville C. 
 King, William F. 
 Latta, Samuel A. 
 Lyons, John F. 
 McConnell, Francis J. 
 Maginnis, Sister Mary J. 
 Maginnis, Sister Monica 
 
 Marshall, Carrington T. 
 Montgomery, Rena W. 
 Moorehead, William G. 
 Munhall, Leander W. 
 Safford, James M. 
 Stevenson, Thomas M. 
 Stewart, Charles D. 
 Swingle, Emma F. 
 Turner, Lucy M. 
 Untermeyer, Jean S. 
 Wiley, Hugh 
 Woolley, Solomon J. 
 Wright, George E. 
 Wylie, Richard C. 
 
 NOBLE COUNTY 
 
 Allen, William A. 
 Archer, William C. 
 Bussenius, Luellen T. 
 Danford, Harry E. 
 Long, Lindley G. 
 Marquis, Samuel S. 
 Parrish, Rob Roy M. 
 Wells, A. Wade 
 Worden, Wilbertine T. 
 
 OTTAWA COUNTY 
 
 Beardslee, John W. 
 Chapman, Rose W. 
 Kelly, Amy 
 Macelwane, James B. 
 Peter, William W. 
 Rice, Augustus E. 
 Rossiter, Frederick M. 
 
 PERRY COUNTY 
 
 Birkhimer, William E. 
 Brandt, John L. 
 Brown, Rollo W. 
 Burkett, Charles W. 
 Conner, James R. 
 Cookson, Charles W. 
 Crook, Isaac 
 Doyle, John H. 
 Duffy, Herbert S. 
 Greiner, Henry C. 
 Helser, Albert D. 
 Johnson. Edith C. 
 MacGahan, Januarius A. 
 Martzolff, Clement L. 
 Park. Clyde W. 
 Rockwell, Vera C. 
 Spencer, Charles E. 
 Taylor, William A. 
 Williamson, Charles W. 
 Wilson, Milton L. 
 Zahm, Albert F. 
 Zahm, John A. 
 Zartman, Rufus C. 
 
 PICKAWAY COUNTY 
 
 Abernethy, Wealtha V. 
 Botkin, Charles W. 
 
 Brobeck, Florence 
 Crook, Alja R. 
 Darst, Lillie C. 
 Dick, Samuel M. 
 Dunton, James G. 
 Greiner, Clark N. 
 Greve, Jeanette S. 
 Holman, Mary V. 
 Kellerman, William A. 
 Lutz, Harry E. 
 Lutz, Ralph H. 
 McPherson, Logan G. 
 Marfield, Dwight S. 
 Myers, Allen O. 
 Page, Henry F. 
 Swoyer, Grover E. 
 Taylor, Joseph R. 
 Victor, Sarah M. 
 
 PIKE COUNTY 
 
 Duckworth, Sophie H. 
 Duke, John K. 
 Moore, Thomas E. 
 Stewart, Eliza D. 
 Turner, Harriet M. 
 
 PORTAGE COUNTY 
 
 Benedict, Hester A. 
 Bissell, Walter L. 
 Bradford, Ward 
 Brewster, H. Pomeroy 
 Carlton, Frank T. 
 Crane, Hart 
 Davison, Henry M. 
 Fairchild, Lucius 
 Ferguson, Charles D. 
 Hall, Harlan P. 
 Hartzell, Josiah 
 Hayden, Morgan P. 
 Hayden, Warren L. 
 Holbrook, Martin L. 
 Hood, Edmund L. 
 Hudson, Thomson J. 
 Kent, Marvin 
 Laughlin, James L. 
 Lee, George H. 
 Lord, Louis E. 
 McManus, Silas B. 
 Mason, Edward C. 
 Nicola, Milton G. 
 Peckham, Harry H. 
 Pinney, Nelson A. 
 Plimpton, Florus B. 
 Pounds, Jessie H. B. 
 Price, Junius L. 
 Smalley, Eugene V. 
 Snow, Lorenzo 
 Swift, Edgar J. 
 Taylor, Alta 
 Thompson, William T. 
 Upton, Harriet T. 
 White, Ralph J. 
 Wright, Thomas L. 
 
Native Ohio Authors 
 
 738 
 
 PREBLE COUNTY 
 
 Anderson, Sherwood 
 Brooke, Mary G. 
 Byford, William H. 
 Collins, Paul V. 
 Corson, Ella M. J. 
 Corson, Oscar T. 
 Day, Albert E. 
 Ellis, Edgar W. 
 Farquhar, Ross 
 Ferguson, John B. 
 Fornshell, Marvin H. 
 Fox, Henry C. 
 Hawes, George E. 
 Kercheval, Albert R. 
 Kerr, Myra W. 
 McDill, David 
 Miller. Marion M. 
 Neff, William B. 
 Northrop, Evelyn 
 Pryor, William C. 
 Sloan, Richard E. 
 Talbert, Ernest L. 
 Upham, Alfred H. 
 
 PUTNAM COUNTY 
 
 Bowman, John C. 
 Hicks, Lewis E. 
 Hill. John W. 
 McKay, George L. 
 Miller, Nolan 
 Needels, Emma E. 
 Newton, Benjamin G. 
 Reese, Lloyd W. 
 Rowe, Edna B. 
 
 RICHLAND COUNTY 
 
 Altgeld, Emma F. 
 Anderson, Olive S. L. 
 Angle, Paul M. 
 Ashley, Frederick W. 
 Bates. Ralph Orr 
 Baughman, Abraham J. 
 Bell, Alvin E. 
 Bergen. Fanny D. 
 Blymyer, William H. 
 Bromfield. Annette M. C. 
 Bromfield. Louis 
 Carpenter, Frank G. 
 Day, Lewis W. 
 Dowling, Levi H. 
 Fraser, Herbert 
 Garber, Clark M. 
 Gass, Sherlock B. 
 Harris, William L. 
 Hartmann. Raye 
 Heindel, Augusta F. 
 Hinman. Walter F. 
 Ingham, Mary B. 
 Kerr, Winfield S. 
 Lawrence, Ida E. 
 Linham, Helen L. 
 
 Love, John W. 
 McBride, Robert W. 
 McKinley, Charles F. 
 Miller, John H. 
 Mills, Job S. 
 Olin, John M. 
 Porter, William T. 
 Reed, James A. 
 Reed, Verner Z. 
 Santley, Mary M. 
 Sawyer, Franklin 
 Thompson, Adele E. 
 Tracy, Russel L. 
 Wheeler, Olin D. 
 Williams, Whiting 
 Wishart, Charles F. 
 
 ROSS COUNTY 
 
 Anderson, Thomas M. 
 Bennett, Henry H. 
 Bennett, John 
 Bookwalter, Lewis 
 Brown, John P. 
 Chamberlin, William H. 
 Cooke, Flora J. 
 Crouse, David E. 
 Dumond, Dwight L. 
 Erdmann, Myrtle H. 
 Finley, Martha 
 Freeman, Albert D. 
 Galbraith, Robert C. 
 Galland, Isaac 
 Garvin, Hugh C. 
 Giesy, John U. 
 Gilmore, William E. 
 Hollyday, Robert H. 
 Hurst, Samuel H. 
 Jones, Nelson E. 
 Kelly, Thomas R. 
 King, Rufus 
 Kleeman, Rita S. H. 
 Lutz. Harley L. 
 McClintick. William T. 
 McGinnis, Ralph J. 
 McKell, David M. 
 McLandburgh. Florence 
 Massie, David M. 
 Mercer, James K. 
 Monette, John W. 
 Mowery. William B. 
 Nelson, Roberta B. 
 Nipgen, Alvin P. 
 Patterson, Nellie 
 Perkins, George 
 Raper, Howard R. 
 Renick, William 
 Rinkliff, George L. 
 Safford, William E. 
 Sibberell, Lloyd E. 
 Stevenson, Burton E. 
 Taylor. Robert S. 
 Thomas. Charles C. 
 
 Van Deman, Esther B. 
 Vincent, Clarence A. 
 Waddell, Charles C. 
 Waddle, Angus L. 
 Williams, Samuel W. 
 Williams, William G. 
 Woodrow, Nancy M. W. 
 Worthington, Thomas 
 
 SANDUSKY COUNTY 
 
 Abernethy, Alonzo 
 Bates, Margaret H. E. 
 Bernard. Florence S. 
 Bradford, George W. 
 Brayton, Matthew 
 Bushnell, Edward 
 Greene, John W. 
 Hafford, Ferris S. 
 Keeler, Lucy Elliott 
 Kuhlman, John H. 
 Norris, George W. 
 Remsburg, John E. 
 Ross, Harry H. 
 Stair, Grace 
 Vickery, Willis 
 Wilson, Henry H. 
 
 SCIOTO COUNTY 
 
 Bannon, Henry T. 
 Crabtree, James W. 
 Finney, Burnham 
 Geist. Edna Evelyn 
 Graham. Lucile 
 Herms, William B. 
 Horchow, Reuben 
 Johnson, William S. 
 Lacroix, John P. 
 Liebhardt, Louise 
 Lowry, Howard F. 
 Mark, Mary L. 
 Romig, Edna D. 
 Sauer, McKinley H. 
 Searl. Fernando C. 
 Stephenson, Geneva 
 
 SENECA COUNTY 
 
 Bell. Corydon W. 
 Black. Forrest R. 
 Cressey, George B. 
 Daley, Edith 
 Houck, Frederick A. 
 Houck, George F. 
 Hunsinger, Clarence S. 
 Ink, Evangeline 
 Jones. Mabel C. 
 Krout, John A. 
 Leahy, Richard P. 
 McClung, David W. 
 Myers. Burton D. 
 Neikirk, Mabel E. 
 Quinn, John 
 Seitz. Isaac 
 Welsh, Alfred H. 
 
739 
 
 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 SHELBY COUNTY 
 
 Albright, Evelyn M. 
 Edgerton, James A. 
 Fisher, George C. 
 Miller, Henry R. 
 Robinson, Jennie M. 
 Roman, Frederick W. 
 Shaw, A. Vere 
 Stewart, Robert 
 Stipp, Joseph A. 
 Wierwille, Victor P. 
 Wiley, Farida A. 
 
 STARK COUNTY 
 
 Allardice, James B. 
 Allensworth, Carl 
 Becker, Henry J. 
 Belden, Henry S. 
 Bow, Frank T. 
 Casselman, Arthur V. 
 Clemens, William M. 
 Cohen, Armond E. 
 Coy, Martin 
 Culler, Arthur J. 
 Danner, John 
 Day, Stephen A. 
 Dick, Gertrude M. 
 Fogle, Richard H. 
 Frease, Harry 
 Freitag, George 
 Gaskill, Joseph W. 
 Gerwig, George W. 
 Herbruck, Edward 
 Herbruck, Emil P. 
 Higley, Louis A. 
 Hilles, Howard 
 Huntley, Florence C. 
 Jones, Alice D. 
 Kay, Gertrude A. 
 Kimbel, Harry M. 
 Klippart, John H. 
 Kurtz, Daniel W. 
 Leet, Lewis D. 
 Lenz, Ellis C. 
 Lorenz, Daniel E. 
 Lorenz, Edmund S. 
 Macauley, Charles R. 
 Maline, William A. 
 Marlett, Melba B. 
 Miller, Leo F. 
 Nash, Jay B. 
 Pease, Abraham P. L. 
 Piero, Elda Mae 
 Plum, William R. 
 Richardson, Anna S. S. 
 Schwertner, Thomas M. 
 Sheatsley, Clarence V. 
 Sheatsley, Jacob 
 Sherlock, Herbert A. 
 Silver, Jesse F. 
 Skinner, Robert P. 
 Stuhldreher, Harry A. 
 
 Sullivan, Oscar M. 
 Willenborg, Lee L. 
 Wolfe, Rolland E. 
 Worcester, Elwood 
 
 SUMMIT COUNTY 
 
 Bacon, Delia S. 
 Ball, Frank C. 
 Bartlett, Edwin J. 
 Braden, James A. 
 Britton, Rollin J. 
 Conger, Arthur L. 
 Conger, Emily B. 
 Curtis, William E. 
 Dales, George S. 
 Dobbs, Catherine R. B. 
 Dudley, Lucy M. B. 
 Fetzer, Herman 
 Fieberger, Gustave J. 
 Finley, Ruth E. 
 Forrest, Albertina M. A. 
 Goodhue, Willis M. 
 Gould, Dayton T. 
 Green, Francis M. 
 Greenwood, Gertrude S. 
 Grismer, Karl H. 
 Haynes, William B. 
 Hickenlooper, Andrew 
 Jackson, Thomas W. 
 Kolbe, Parke R. 
 Lewis, Tracy H. 
 Mallory, Herbert S. 
 Mario, Queena 
 Nelan, Charles 
 Nida, Stella H. 
 Osmun, Thomas E. 
 Palmer, William F, 
 Pelikan, Jaroslav J., Jr. 
 Pixley, Frank 
 Pockock, Arthur F. 
 Poda, John 
 Polsky, Thomas 
 Randall, Emilius O. 
 Rempel, Ruth F. W. 
 Rowe, Frederick L. 
 Seymour, Thomas D. 
 Smith, Hariette K. 
 Sprigle, Ray 
 Stark, J. C. 
 Upton, William T. 
 Vickers, Leonard B. 
 Waite, Frederick C. 
 West, John D. 
 Wetmore, Claude H. 
 Wolf, Howard 
 Young, Catherine 
 
 TRUMBULL COUNTY 
 
 Anderson, Ethel T. 
 Biggers, Earl D. 
 Braden, Clark 
 Busbey, L. White 
 
 Case, Alden B. 
 Christy, Wilbur A. 
 Collins, James H. 
 Colvin, Mary M. 
 Cox, Kenyon 
 Darrow, Clarence 
 Darsie, Charles 
 Davis, Harold E. 
 Diehl, Henry A. 
 Elwell, John J. 
 French, Asel B. 
 Gates, Errett 
 Gause, Isaac 
 Harshman, Samuel R. 
 Hart, Hastings H. 
 Hutchins, Louise C. J. 
 Johnson, Homer U. 
 Kennedy, Charles E. 
 Kennedy, James H. 
 Kinsman, Frederick J. 
 Lewis, Hiram W. 
 Lytle, Katherine W. 
 McKinley, William 
 McMahon, Amos P. 
 McNamara, James R. 
 Mason, Frank H. 
 Miller, C. Locke 
 Miller, Ethel H. 
 Morgan, Libbie S. C. 
 Nugent, John C. 
 Olds, Robert 
 Peck, Harvey W. 
 Pennell, Orrin H. 
 Perkins, Jacob B. 
 Roberts, Clark 
 Smith, Clayton C. 
 Spencer, Abbie K. 
 Towne, Robert D. 
 Tuttle, Emma R. 
 Wilson, Lawrence 
 Wilson, Robert F. 
 
 TUSCARAWAS COUNTY 
 
 Barrett, Edna D. 
 Beall, Emma J. R. 
 Belden, George P. 
 Budgett, F. E. J. 
 Callaghan, J. Dorsey 
 Daulton, Agnes W. M. 
 Dice, Charles A. 
 Donahey, James H. 
 Donahey, Vic 
 Donahey, William 
 Helwig, John B. 
 Huebner, Francis C. 
 Karn, Esther N. 
 Keyser, Leander S. 
 Kohr, Herbert O. 
 Markham, William C. 
 Nixon, Anna 
 Nolan, Preston M. 
 Nugent, Elliott 
 
Native Ohio Authors 
 
 740 
 
 Oakley, Imogen B. 
 Oliver, George F. 
 Raff, George W. 
 Ream, Michael V. 
 Reed, Orville S. 
 Richardson, Julius M. 
 Rickert, Martha E. 
 Robinson. Ben C. 
 Schulze, Edward C. 
 Shepfer, William H. 
 Shutter, Marion D. 
 Smith, Ella M. D. 
 Welty, Edwin A. 
 Wilkin, Robert N. 
 Wolfe, Henry C. 
 
 UNION COUNTY 
 
 Bigelow, Maurice A. 
 Carpenter, Flora L. 
 Curry, William L. 
 Field, Jasper N. 
 Grove, Harriet P. 
 Harris, DeWitt H. 
 Heistand, Henry O. S. 
 Lee, Ella D. 
 Michael, William H. 
 Moses, Jasper T. 
 Sabine, Wallace C. W. 
 Sanders, James H. 
 Welshimer, Pearl H. 
 Williams. Walter R. 
 Winget, DeWitt H. 
 
 VAN WERT COUNTY 
 
 Boole, Ella A. 
 Engle, Trail 
 Finlayson, Grace M. R. 
 Grant, James J. 
 Hankins, Frank H. 
 Hartzog, William B. 
 Hinton, Walter 
 Michael, Bertha I. 
 Morse, Florence V. 
 Pollock, Arlo D. 
 Running, Corinne 
 Smith, Don 
 Smith, Donnal V. 
 Spears, John R. 
 Weisman, Russell 
 
 VINTON COUNTY 
 
 Beecher, Willis J. 
 Biggs, Louise O. 
 Cherington, Ernest H. 
 Hibbard, David S. 
 Raper, John W. 
 Sisson, Herbert G. 
 Sowers, Delia 
 
 WARREN COUNTY 
 
 Armstrong. William J. 
 Brenner, Robert W. 
 
 Brown, John F. 
 Burnet, Whittier 
 Collett, Mary S. T. 
 Earhart, Will 
 Eldridge, Harry C. 
 Evans. Bergen 
 Evans, John 
 Ham, Marion F. 
 Johnson. Franklin 
 Keever, Edward W. 
 Ketcham, Bryan E. 
 McKay, Martha N. 
 MacLean. John P. 
 Merton, Holmes W. 
 Monfort, Joseph G. 
 Morrow, Josiah 
 Morrow, Marco 
 Patchen. Kenneth 
 Pauly, Karl B. 
 Ream, Laura 
 Reeder, Rudolph R. 
 Robinson, Edward S. 
 Roe, Edward R. 
 Rosenthal, Miriam 
 Rowley, Charles E. 
 Schenck, Lucetta 
 Schenck, Robert C. 
 Schurz. William L. 
 Thirkfield, Wilbur P. 
 Tichenor, William C. 
 Van Home, Thomas B. 
 Venable, William H. 
 Whitacre, Donald D. 
 
 WASHINGTON COUNTY 
 
 Addis, H. A. Noureddin 
 Ambler, Charles H. 
 Archbold. Ann 
 Beach, Arthur G. 
 Bosworth, Francke H. 
 Boyd, Ellen B. 
 Carter, John H. 
 Cheffey, Jessie A. 
 Cone, Mary 
 Cotton, Willia D. 
 Crewson, Evander A. 
 Cutler, Julia P. 
 Dale, Sophia D. 
 Dawes, Charles G. 
 Dawes, Rufus C. 
 Devol, George H. 
 Dumont, Julia L. C. 
 Dyar, Muriel C. 
 Emerson, William D. 
 Ewart, Frank C. 
 Gage, Frances D. B. 
 Gilman, Chandler R. 
 Green, Jonathan H. 
 Hanford, Helen E. 
 Havighurst, Marion B. 
 McCabe, Lorenzo D. 
 
 Owen, Elizabeth T. 
 Powers, Stephen 
 Putnam, Albigence W. 
 Rhodes, Dudley W. 
 Roland, Charles 
 Schneider, Norris F. 
 Schramm, Wilbur L. 
 Shafer, Claude 
 Speary, Nellie B. 
 Stille, Samuel H. 
 Tibbies, Thomas H. 
 Warren, Manly 
 Waters, Wilson 
 Wing, Conway P. 
 Zollars, Ely V. 
 
 WAYNE COUNTY 
 
 Alexander, John R. 
 Amstutz, Peter B. 
 Brown, William M. 
 Clark, Charles T. 
 Compton, Arthur H. 
 Compton, Karl T. 
 Compton. Wilson M. 
 Douglass, Ben 
 Downing, Edward C. 
 Gault, Franklin B. 
 Geissinger, James A. 
 Gerig, Orie B. 
 Heyward, Dorothy K. 
 Hoff, Emanuel B. 
 Hotchkiss, Willis R. 
 Jamison, Alcinous B. 
 Lawrence, John 
 Lybarger, Edwin L. 
 McCauley, William F. 
 McConohay, Augustus P. 
 Morgan, Florence H. 
 Notestein, Lucy L. 
 Notestein, Wallace 
 Palmer, Edward E. 
 Sanders, Thomas J. 
 Schmutz, George S. 
 Spreng, Samuel P. 
 Stoll, Elmer E. 
 Weltmer, Sidney A. 
 White, John C. 
 Williams, Edward I. F. 
 Wyer, Samuel S. 
 
 WILLIAMS COUNTY 
 
 Bowersox, Charles A. 
 Caldwell, Howard W. 
 Eberle, Edith 
 Ewing, Max A. 
 Pratt, Cornelia A. 
 Shinn, William H. 
 Siple, Paul A. 
 Stough, Henry W. 
 Thomas, Lewis F. 
 Wickey, Harry H. 
 
741 Native Ohio Authors 
 
 WOOD COUNTY Keeler, Ralph O. Wood, James C. 
 
 Butler, Joseph M. Seitz, Don C. 
 
 Canfield, Dwight R. Slosser, Gaius J. 
 
 Cooke, Grace M. Thurstin, Wesley S. WYANDOT COUNTY 
 
 Doud, Harriet E. Van Tassel, Charles S. Cole, Merl B. 
 
 Evers, Charles W. Westerfield, Ray B. Kinney, Muriel 
 
 Hamlin, Howard E. White, Charles E. Vogt, Paul L. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-U RBANA 
 
 013.9771C830 C001 
 
 OHIO AUTHORS AND THEIR BOOKS; CLEVELAND