kivfs^y- ' - - A A>MKt&$tvs& tt/r~ NUMBER ONE, Chicago Antiquities. INCLUDING Chicago Business Directory FOR 1839. PUBLISHED BY EASTMAN & BARTLETT, 132 Clark Street. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, BY HENRY H. HURLBUT, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Introduction. Under the name of " Antiquities," we purpose to compile a series of pamphlets relating to early Chicago, if indeed so young a town may lay claim to so dignified a term. Our antiquities, ho%vever, are of rather a different stamp from those of the European world, for we may not boast of massive castle walls, ivy-clothed, tradition- wrapped, and crumbling beneath the weight of centuries. The corner stones of antiquity, yonder, were laid in the mists of a shadowy past ; here, the morning beams which dawned in the beginning have not reached the evening twilight of dim un- certainty. The names of the founders of our American towns, together with the circumstances attending such beginnings, have been usually preserved ; those of the cities of the old world are mostly hidden beneath the myths, superstitions and vague tales of a remote and departed age. It is true that not fifty years have passed, since some of our remaining early settlers saw the young town dressed in the swaddling clothes of village incorporation ; but a few decades have effected here what in most other cases the efforts of centuries have been required to accomplish. Yet the swiftly hurrying years have already brought around another and a new generation, who, though " to the manor born," speak of the primitive days of our city as " the olden time." To such at least, our series (which will contain many new or unfamiliar chapters) svill be of interest. We would not, by any means, undervalue the culture which disciplines the in- tellect and stores the mind with the lore and mythical tales and antiquities of the storied shores of the Mediterranean j but, for our particular and individual self, we must confess that we are far less tenacious of the memory of any of those illustrious humbugs told of in the classics, than of that of the early Chicago resident and first proprietor of the old " Kinzie House," Baptiste Point de Sable (he was here as early as 1779), the handsome, colossal, and opulent black prince of the North Division ; albeit, he was a swaggering Domingoan, and, like many other great men, drank too much rum. We have heard of Midas, and Croesus, and Trismegistus, as 4 INTRODUCTION. well as of old Vulcan, but ho\v little regard ought we to pay to the fame of those unreliable alchemists and artisans, when contrasted with that of our pioneer, the elder John Kinzie, the veritable " Shaw-nee-aw-kee," the " silver-man " of the tribes of the Illinois. And concerning that memorable scow-boat " * * * * * the Argo, That Jason embarked in for the ' golden fleece,' For whether that wool became part of her cargo, We've little to look for in the myths of old Greece." Indeed, to a Chicagoan, of little interest must be the whole yarn about the " gol- den fleece," when compared with the story which the venerable Gurdon S. Hub- bard might tell us of his journeyings, and of the fleeces, those packs, bales, pony- loads, and canoe-cargoes of fine furs which he gathered in all the lake region, and along the two hundred-mile trail, that he in person laid out, forty-nine years ago, through the wilderness, from Fort Dearborn to the Kaskaskia River. Our plan in issuing the papers comprising the series here proposed will be rather a discursive one ; not that of annals, not a consecutive history, indeed not so much a history as material for history. Not an edifice in historic detail, of lofty and comely proportions, but rather a group of structures of varied, though relative, architecture. H. H. H. JANUARY 21, 1875. Chicago Antiquities. NUMBER ONE. Extracts from Early City Ordinances. Business Directory, 1839. In this initial number we present some account and in part a transcript of a noticeable relic, which has come within the range of our knowledge and inspection. It is, without doubt, of considerable rarity, and we should not know where to find its duplicate in the city. We are referring to a publication issued in the latter part of the year 1839, the title-page of which is as follows; THE LAWS AND ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO. PASSED IN COMMON COUNCIL [CITY SEAL.] CHICAGO: PRINTED BY EDWARD H. RUDD. MDCCCXXXIX. 6 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. Fifty-two octavo pages comprised not only the " Laws and Ordinances," but also a " City Register," (a list of city officers,) and a " Chicago Business Directory," together with some half dozen pages of advertisements. We present a few extracts from the said " Ordinances ; " to-day they might be deemed curious, severe, or possibly a little whimsical. The " Business Directory" is here reproduced as first printed, with an occasional note of correction, and with the addition of a star (*) against the names of those whom we know to have passed from earth to that " other shore." This Directory was the first attempt which succeeded the numbering of the buildings, though that numbering was only upon Lake Street. [The statement sometimes made, that " Norris" Chicago Directory and Business Advertiser" for the year 1844 was the first Directory ever published in Chicago, is certainly an error.] Agreeable to the statute for the incorporation of towns, an election was held in Chicago August 10, 1833, for the choice of trustees of the village ; and it is worthy of note that there were twenty-eight votes polled on that occasion. Chicago was incorporated as a city March 4, 1837. The population in 1839 did not exceed 4,500 in number. A shipment of 2,673 bushels of wheat was made that year the first, (excepting 78 bushels the year preceding), for it took everything, and more, that was raised in the vicinity, from 1835 to '38, for the use of the incoming settlers. The first daily newspaper, (The Chicago Daily American, Wm. Stuart, editor and propri- etor), appeared this year, the first number bearing date April 9, 1839. Among other important events of that year, in which Chicago and the whole western country were to become interested, was the incorporation by the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature of The Wisconsin Fire and Marine Insurance Company. This institution set sail under the command of George Smith as captain, and Alexander Mitchell as lieu- tenant, with the aid of ballast from their Scottish iriends of Aberdeen. But, instead of an insurance company, it resulted in a rather stupendous bank of issue, vastly to the profit of the stockholders, and of no little service to the people of the lake country and the Mississippi Valley. Almost one-half of the 277 names of individuals or firms of the following Directory were located on Lake Street ; but Chicago then, as to-day, felt her rising importance, and, nearing the end of Anno Domini 1839, she published this record of her greatness, and looked trustfully forward to the beckoning future. Extracts from "The Laws and Ordi- nances." " FOR THE PROTECTION OF LIFE AND LIMB. SECTION 2. No person shall ride or drive any horse or horses in any avenue, street or lane within this city faster than a moderate trot." (Passed May 12, 1837.^ [The " moderate trot " of the above ordinance was a gait that has not survived to the present day ; witness, for instance, the " two-thirty " Chicago nags on West Washington Street any fair afternoon when a few inches of snow may have put in an appearance.] "OF THE EXTINGUISHMENT OF FIRES. SECTION 30. * * The citizens and inhabitants shall respectively, if the fire happens at night, place a lighted candle or lamp at the front door or windows of their res- pective dwellings, there to remain during the night, un- less the fire be sooner extinguished. SEC. 34. Every dwelling house or other building containing one fire-place or stove, shall have one good painted leathern fire bucket, with the initials of the owners name parted thereon, etc. SEC. 35. That every able bodied inhabitant shall, upon an alarm of fire, repair to the place of the fire with his fire-bucket or buckets, if he shall have any, etc. Q CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. v SEC. 36. Every occupant of any building shall keep the aforesaid fire buckets in the front hall of said building, etc." (Passed May 12, 1837.^ "DIRECTING CERTAIN PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. SEC. 3. The said city surveyor is further directed to survey, describe, and record in manner aforesaid, a street eighty feet wide, which shall be called " Hoosier Avenue," which shall commence on the west line of section six- teen, on Second-street, and run in a south-westerly course to the bounds of the city, in the direction to cross the Canal at Canalport, in some eligible place so as to intersect the State road in that direction." (Passed June i, 1837.^ " AN ORDINANCE TO NUMBER LAKE STREET. SEC. i. Beginning at the south-west corner of Lake- street and Michigan Avenue as number one, and at the north-west corner of the same street as number two, and thence numbering successively westwardly to the south branch of the Chicago River. The buildings to be num- bered as far as State-st, according to the lots as laid out and sold by the agent of the United States, one number for each lot. West of State-street, the buildings are to be numbered one number for every 20 feet of each block. The odd numbers to be on the south-side, and the even numbers on the north side of Lake-street, according to the plan of Lake-street, as laid out and numbered by the street commissioner, and on file with the city clerk." ( Passed Nov. 12, 1839.^ CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 9 " CONCERNING BILLIARD TABLES AND BALL ALLIES. SECTION i. That there shall be no billiard table or tables set up or used in said city, from and after the I5th day of May next. SEC. 2. That there shall be no nine pin allies, or any ball alley where pins are used, sit up or used, in the said city of Chicago from and after the 1 5th day of May next." ( Passed April 22, 1839.^ " That in addition to the penalties already imposed by the ordinance to which this is an amendment, if any owner or keeper of any billiard table or ball alley or ten pin alley shall suffer the same to be used or played upon after the hour of i o o'clock P.M., he shall forfeit and pay to the city of Chicago the sum of five dollars for each offence, with costs of suit." ( Passed Dec. 9, 1839.^ "OF NUISANCES AND THE PRESERVATION OF GOOD ORDER. SECTION 4. Any person who shall solicit alms, with- out a written permission from the Mayor, from citizens, shall pay a penalty for each offense of two dollars.'' ( Passed May 12, 1837.^ " TO COMPEL THE ATTENDANCE OF MEMBERS. SECTION 3. Any member of said Common Council who shall absent himself from the meetingr of the Coun- o cil, after the same shall have been duly organised for that meeting, without having first obtained leave of the Mayor or Council for that purpose, shall for each offence forfeit and pay to said city the sum of ten dollars." ( Passed Dec. 2, 1839.^ CITY REGISTER, 1839. BENJAMIN W. RAYMOND, MAYOR. ALDERMEN, FIRST WARD. ALDERMEN, FOURTH WARD. James A. Smith, John Murphy, Oliver H. Thompson. Asahel Pierce. ALDERMEN, SECOND WARD. ALDERMEN, FIFTH WARD. Eli S. Prescott, Henry S. Rucker, Clement C. Stoce. John C. Wilson. ALDERMEN, THIRD WARD. ALDERMEN, SIXTH WARD. William H. Stow, John H. Kinzie, Ira Miltimore. Buckner S. Moris. Samuel J. Lowe, High Constable. Assessors. Assessors. ist Ward, Alvin Calhoun. 4th Ward, John Gray. 2d , Thomas Brock. 5th , James Duffy. 3d 2 , Thomas C. James. 6th , Jacob Raynor. Alvin Calhoun, Chief Engineer. Charles T. Stanton, Geo. Chacksfield, Ass't Engineers. Wm. W. Brackett, City Clerk. Erastus Bowen, Collector. Geo. W. Dole, Treasurer. Charles M. Gray, Street Commissioner. S. Lisle Smith, City Attorney. Charles V. Dyer, City Physician. Asa F. Bradley, City Surveyor. George Davis, Sealer of Weights and Measures. SCHOOL INSPECTORS. Peter Bolles, John Scott, J. Y. Scammon, David Moore, Daniel Elston, Wm. H. Brown, Nathan H. Bolles. Police Constables. Samuel J. Lowe, D. C. Allen, Daniel B. Heartt, George M. Huntoon. Fire Wardens. ist Ward, N. H. Bolles. 4th Ward, John Miller. 2d , Jerem. Price. 5th , David Moore. 5d , John Gray. 6th , Alonzo Wood. Drs. Brainard, Gray and Betts, Board of Health. [A REPRINT.] Chicago Business Directory. Adams, William H., shoe and leather dealer, 138 lake street, Arnold, Isaac N., attorney and counsellor at law, dearborn street, *Abel, Sidney, postmaster, office, dark street, Allen, J. P., boot and shoe maker, north water street, Attwood, J. M., house, sign and ornamental painter, randolph street, Bristol & Porter, agents for C. M. Reed, forward, commis, merchants, \* Robert C. Bristol; Hibbard Porter^ *Beaubien, J. B. Esq., reservation, fronting the lake, Blassy, B., baker, randolph street, *Boyce, L. M., wholesale druggist and apothecary, 121 lake street, Brackett, William W. city clerk, clark street, *Brown, Henry, attorney and counsellor at law, clark street, Bancroft J. W. & Co., lake street coffee house, 135, lake street, Beecher, J., boot and shoe maker and leather dealer, 160 lake street, Burley, A. G., crockery, stone and earthenware merchant, 161 lake st. Bates & Morgan, cabinet makers, 199 lake street, \A. S* Bates ; Caleb Morgan^\ Botsford & Beers, copper, tin and sheetiron merchants, dearborn street, *Brinkerhoff, Dr. John, clark street, *Betts. Dr., residence and office michigan street, *Bro\vn, William H., cashier, Illinois branch state bank,lasalle street, *Boyer, J. K., coroner, south water street, [John K. B^\ Beaumont & Skinner, attorneys and counsellors at law, clark street, (*Geo. A, O. Beaumont ; Mark Skinner .] Balestier, J. N., attorney and counsellor at law, clark street. 12 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. *Burton, Stiles, wholesale grocer and liquor dealer, lake and state strs. *Bowen, Erastus, city collector, foot of south water street, Berry B. A. & Co., dry goods and grocery store, south water street, Bradley, Asa F., city surveyor, morrison's row, clark street, Brady, George, constable, alley between north water and kinzie streets, Briggs & Humphrey, carriage and wagon makers, randolph street, \*J3enJ. Briggs j J. O. Humphrey '.] *Butterfield, Justin, attorney and counsellor at law, dearborn street, *Bolles, Nathan H., county commissioner, overseer of poor, lake street, Bethune, Andrew, Parisian dyer and scourer, north water street, Carter T. B. & Co., fancy dry goods merchants, 118 lake street, Clarke, W. H. & A. F., wholesale druggists & apothecaries, 128 lake St. Cole, A., ship, house, sign, and ornamental painter, 129 lake street, *Carney, John, grocery and provision store, 133 lake street, [James Carney} *Cure, P., grocery and provision store, randolph street, *Curtiss, James, attorney and counsellor at law, 175 lake street. Clever, J., soap boiler, factory on the south branch, [Charles Cleaver.} Collins S. B. & Co., boot, shoe and leather dealer, 140 lake street, \*Saml. B. C. of S. B. C. 6- Co.} *Church, Thomas, grocery and provision store, in lake street, *Childs, S. D., wood and metal engraver, saloon buildings, clark street, *Clark, L. W., exchange broker and lottery agent, 150^ lake street, Cleveland & Co., house, sign _and ornamental painters, dearborn street, Conklin, J., blacksmith, carriage and wagon repairer, clark street, *Cook, C. W., Illinois exchange, 192 lake street, Cobb, S. B., saddle, bridle, harness and trunk maker, 171 lake street, Cook, Isaac W., eagle coffee house, dearborn street, Clarke, Dr., 159 lake street, Cunningham, John, grocery, north water street, at the ferry, \Henry Cunningham} CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 13 *Couch, Ira, hotel keeper, corner of dearborn and lake streets, *Calhoun, John, collector of taxes, Eddy's store, Carpenter, Philo, druggist and apothecary, south water street, Chacksfield, George, grocery and provision store, south water street. *Collins, J. H., attorney and counsellor at law, dearborn street, Colvin, Edwin B., door and sash maker, dearborn and north water streets, *David, William, boot and shoe maker, near New York house, lake street, *Doyle, S., draper and tailor, junction of kinzie and north water sts. Durand, Charles, attorney and counsellor at law, 149 lake street, *Davis, George, county clerk, 159 lake street, *Delicker, George, wholesale grocery and provision store, 163 lake street, *Dewey, Dr. E., druggist and apothecary, dearborn street, Dodge & Tucker, ship chandlers and grocers, south water street, [John C. Dodge ; * Henry Tucker] *Davlin, John, Auctioneer, corner of dearborn and south water streets, Davis, Miss A., cloak maker and tailoress, 115 lake street, *Dole, George W., city treasurer, michigan street, Dyer & Boone, Drs., state street, opposite the new market, [Charles V. Dyer : Levi D. Boone] *Davis, William H., constable, south water street, Eddy & Co. .hardware, stove and ironmongers, 105 lake street, [Ira B. Eddy ; Devotion C. Eddy] Edwards, Alfred, grocery and provision store, north water street, Eldridge, Dr., clark street, Harmon & Loomis' building, \_John W. E] *Etzler, Anton, cap, stock and umbrella maker, 151 lake street, [Anton Getzler] Frink & Bringham, stage office, 123 lake street, [* 'John Frink ; Bingham] Follansbe, A., grocery and provision store, dearborn street, Funk, J., fulton and Illinois markets, 95 lake and north water streets, [Absalom F] Foster & Robb, grocers and ship chandlers, dearborn street, [Gco. F. Foster; *Geo. A. Robb] 14 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. Follansbe, C., grocery and provision store, dearborn street, Fenherty, John, fancy dry goods store, south water street, Fullerton, A. N., lumber merchant, north water street, *Foot, D. P., blacksmith, south water street. [David P. Foot.] Goss S. W. & Co., dry goods merchants, 105 lake street, Gale, S. F., bookseller and stationer, corner of lasalle 159 lake street, Gale, Mrs., New York milinery store, 99 lake street, [Mrs. Abra- ham Gale] Goodsell & Campbell, dry goods and grocery store, dearborn street, [/.. B. Goodsell; Campbell] Goold, N., grocery and provision store, 155 lake street. Gurnee, W. S., saddle and harness maker, 129 and 164 lake street, Gray, C. M., street commissioner, randolph street, Gill, Edmund, Shakspeare hotel, north water street, near the lake house, *Graves, D., Rialto, dearborn street, [Dexter Graves] Gage, J. flour store, south water street ; mill on the south branch, *Gavin, Isaac R., sheriff, randolph St., north-we^t corner public square, Goodrich, Grant, attorney and counsellor at law, 105 lake street, Goodenow, A., dry goods merchant, 134 lake street, Gray, John, Chicago hotel, wolf point, Hupp, S., tailor and cutter, 210 lake street, *Hunter, Edward, deputy sheriff, wells street, [Edward E. H] Hubbard & Co., forwarding and commission merchants, north water st. [Gurdon S. Hubbard ; * Henry G. Hubbard] *Hooker, J. W., grocery and provision store, 152 lake street, *Hamilton, R. J., clerk circuit court, clark street, Hobbie & Clark, dry goods merchants, 142 lake street, [* 'Albert G. Hobble j John Clark] *Hanson, J. L., grocery and provision store, 146 lake street, [Joseph L. Hanson] *Hodgson, J. H., tailor and clothier, opposite city hotel, clark street, Hovey & Burbeck, lake street market, 143 lake street, \*Sanwel S. Hovey j Burbank] Howe, Miss, milliner and mantuamaker, corner of lake and wells sts. [Now the widow of Rufus B, Brown] CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 15 *Henson, O. C., hair cutting and shaving shop, 183 lake street, Heymann, F. T., watchmaker and jeweller, 173 lake street, Hallam, Isaac W., rector St. James' church, cornor cass and illi- nois st. *Howe, F., clerk, Illinois branch state bank, lasalle street, {Frank Howe] *Howe, F. A., justice of the peace, 97 lake street, [Fred. A. Howe.] Harmon, Loomis & Co., wholesale grocers, clark and south water sts. \*Chas. L. Harmon; Horatio G. Loomis.] *Holbrook, J., clothing, bed and mattress store, south water street, *Holmes, L. W., hardware and stove merchant, south water street, Hall, Henry P., barber, north water street, opposite the lake house, *Ho\ve, J. L., city bakehouse, north water street, [fames L. H] Hoyne, Thomas, attorney and counsellor at law, 107 lake street, Harmon, Isaac D., dry goods merchant, clark street, near the river, Harmon, William, blacksmith, north water street, \Harman] Hunt, B. T., bed and mattress store, south water street, *Huntoon, G. M., constable, near corner of dearborn and kinzie streets, \Geo. M. Huntoon] Higgins, A. D., merchant, (Parish & Metcalf 's) 132 lake street, Hayward & Co., burr mill stone manufactory, kinzie street, Johnson, J., hair cutting and shaving shop, 131 lake street, *Jones, William, justice of the peace, dearborn street, Judd, N. B., attorney, exchange buildings, 107 lake street, King, Tuthill, New York clothing store, 115 lake street, King, Willis, lumber merchant, randolph street, *Kerchival, L., inspector of the port of Chicago, [Lewis C. X] Kinzie & Hunter, forwarding, commission merchants, north water st. [* John H. Kinzie and General Robert Hunter '.] Kendall, Vail & Co., clothing store, 119 lake street, Keogh, P. R., tailor and clothier, clark street, Killick, James, grocery and provision store, dearborn street, *Kimberly, Dr. E., residence, north water street, near the lake house, \Dr. Edmund S. K] Kent & *Gilson, livery stable keepers, state street, Leavenworth, J. H., overseer public works, garrison, *Lewis, merchant, dearborn street, [Z. F. Lewis, removed to Wisconsin] l6 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. *Le\vis, A. B., sunday school agent, lasalle street, *Lowe, Samuel J., high constable, dark street, near methodist church, *Loyd, A., carpenter and builder, wells street, [Alex. LoydJ] *Lincoln, Solomon, tailor and clothier, 156 lake street, Lindebner, J., tailor and cutter, lake street, *Leary, A. G., attorney and counsellor at law, dearborn street, Lill, William, brewer, lake shore, north side of the river, Magie & Co., dry goods merchants, 130 lake street, [ff nines H. Magie ; * John High, jr^ McDonnell, Charles, grocery and provision store, market street, M'Craken & Brooks, tailors and clothiers, clark street, [ Thomas M'Donnell, Michael, grocery, north water street, Manierre & Blair, merchant tailors, clark street, [Edward M airier re : Geo. Blair ^\ Morris, B. S., alderman, attorney and counsellor at law, saloon buildings, *Montgomery, G. B. S., merchant, 137 lake street, Mills, M., grocery and provision store, 154 lake street, Matthews, P., dry goods merchant, 162 lake street, *Merrill, George W., dry goods merchant, 166 lake street, Morrison, John H., grocery store, 190 lake street, Murray, George, tailor and clothier, 198 lake street, Mooney, Michael, blacksmith, franklin street, Murray & Brand, exchange brokers, 189 lake street, [James Mur- ray ; *Alex. Brand? Massey, I. F., saddler and shoe merchant, 175 lake street, Morrison, J., carpenter, clark street, *Morrison, Orsemus, morrison's row, clark street, Massey, Mrs., milliner and dress maker, 175 lake street, Malbucher, L., grocery and provision store, 167 lake street, [* Louis MalzacherJ] M'Combe, Mrs, milliner and dress maker, 165 lake street, [Miss Mc- Marshall, James A., auctioneer, commission merchant, south water St. Mosely & M'Cord, merchants, south water street, \*Flavel Moseley j * Jason McCord.~\ CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. I 7 * Murphy, J., United States hotel, west water street, [John Murphy.'} Morrison, John C., grocery and provision store, south water street, Mitchell, John B., boot and shoemaker, south water street, Miltimore, Ira, steam sash factory, south branch of Chicago river, *Moore, Henry, attorney and counsellor at law, clark street, Marsh & Dole, butchers, dearborn street, (Sylrester Marsh ; *G. IT. Dole:} Merrick, Dr., 121 lake street ; house corner state and randolph streets, *Manierre, George, attorney and counsellor at law, 105 lake street, *Meeker, George W., attorney and counsellor at law, 150 lake street, Mylne & Morrison, lumber merchants, south water street, \Robert Milne ; Alex. Morrison.] *Newberry & Dole, forwarding, commission merchants, north water st. ^Oliver Newberry of Detroit; *Geo. W. Dole.} Norton & Co., H., grocers and provision merchants, south water street, [Horace Norton; Joel C. Walter ^\ Nickalls, Pateson, livery stable keeper, kinzie street, Nicholson & Co., merchants, north water street, Osbourn & Strail, hardware, stove, iron merchants, 124 lake street, [Should be Osborn & S.] Otis S. T. & Co., stove, iron, hardware merchants, dearborn street, Osterhoudt, 1,. M., New York house, 180 lake street, Osbourn, William, boot, shoe and leather merchant, 141 lake street, [Should be Osborn] *Oliver, John A., house, sign and ornamental painter, kinzie street, Ogden, William B. Esq. kinzie street, Ogden, M. D., of Arnold & Ogden, attorneys, dearborn street, O'Brien, George, grocery and provision store, north water street, O'Connor, Martin, blacksmith, randolph street, *Post, Dr., residence lake street, office dearborn street, Peck, E. treasurer canal fund, clark street, Page, Peter, mason, clark street, brick building above randolph street Paine & Norton, dry goods merchants, 117 lake street \*Seth Paine and * Theron Norlon.\ Parsons & Holden, grocery and provision store, market street [* 'Edward Parsons ; Chas. W. H.] Parish &: Metcalf, general merchants, 132 lake street l8 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. Peacock & Co., J., gunsmiths, 153 lake street [Joseph Peacock : David C. Thatcher] * Pearson, Hiram, grocer and dry goods merchant, south water street \Hiram Pearsons] Periolat, F. A., grocery and provision store, 126 lake street Pfund, J., bread and biscuit maker, clark street *Philips, Clifford S., wholesale dry goods merchant, 125 lake street Phillips, John F., tailor and clothier, city hotel buildings, clark street Pond, William, watch and clock maker, 183 lake street Prescott, E. S., receiver land office, United States, 175 lake street *Price, J., fire warden, south water street [Jeremiah Price.] Price, Robert, tailor and clothier, 153 lake street Proctor, Dr., dearborn street, below lake street Randolph, G. F., wholesale dry goods merchant, 109 lake street Rankin, William & John, brass founders, clark street and Illinois street Raymond, B. W., general dry goods merchant, 122 lake street *Reed, C. M., forwarding and commission merchant, south water st. Reed, Mrs., cloak and dressmaker, 115 lake street Ross, Hugh, bookbinder and paper ruler, clark street, below l?ke st. *Rossetter, Asher, mansion house, 86 lake street Rucker, Henry L., alderman and justice of the peace, dearborn street Rudd, Edward H., job and book printer, saloon buildings, clark street *Russell, James, city hotel, Clark street [Jacob Russell '] *Saltonstall, W. W., Hubbard & Co.'s warehouse, north water street Sauter, C. & J., boot and shoemakers, 212 lake street [Chas. ami * Jacob S.] Sherman, A. S., mason, west of the south branch of Chicago river Sherman, E. L., teller, Illinois branch state bank, lasalle street Sherman & Pitkin, general dry goods merchants, 150 lake street \Oren Sherman ; Nathaniel Pitkin] *Sherwood, S. J., watchmaker and jeweller, 144 lake street Shields, Joseph, watch and clock repairer, dearborn street Shollar, A., grocery and provision store, 200 lake street. Smith, Bradner, carpenter, wolcott street CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 19 *Smith, Lisle, city attorney, 107 lake street [S. Lisle Smith.} Smith & Co., J. A., hat and cap manufacturers, 127 lake street Smith & Co., George, exchange brokers, 187 lake street Stanton & Black, auctioneers, commission merchants, 85 lake street [*CAas. T. Stanton ; Black} Stearns & Hallam, fancy dry goods merchants, 148 lake street Stoce & White, blacksmiths, corner randolphand wells streets [Cle- mens Stose ; White.} Stocking, Rev. Mr., pastor metho. church, opposite pub. square, dark st. Stone, H. O.. grocer and provision merchant, south water street Strode, J. M., register land office, saloon buildings, clark street Stuart, W., publisher and editor of Chicago American, south water st. Sweet, C., grocery and provision store, north water street Storms, A., carpenter and builder, state street Sawyer, S., druggist and apothecary, dearborn street Shelley, G. E., lake house, north water street Steele, J. IV., city refectory, dearborn street *Seymour, Jesse, sauganash hotel, market street Sweetser, J. Oldham, surgeon dentist, rush street opposite lake house *Stuart, Dr. J. Jay, rush street opposite the lake house Scammon, J. Young, attorney and counsellor at law, 107 lake street, *Spring, Giles, attorney and counsellor at law, 107 lake street Snow, G. W. & Co., lumber merchants, south water street \*Geo. H'. Snow, of G. W. SS& Co.} *Sherman, F. C., contractor and builder, clark street Tuttle, Nelson, stage agent, 180 lake street Taylor, Daniel, boot and shoe maker, 120 lake street ^Thompson, O. H., grocer and dry goods merchant, south water street *Tucker, William, cooper, south water street [Thomas E. T.] Tripp, , carpenter, clark street, next the methodist church [Rob- inson Tripp.\ Taylor, Francis H., tailor, wolf point Updike & M,Clure, carpenters and builders, dearborn street. \* Peter L. Updyke ; Andrew McClure} 20 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. Van Osdell, John, contractor and builder, corn, wolcott and kinzie sts. [John M. Van Osde/.~] Vaughan, William, clothes broker, 159 lake street Villiard, L. N., grocery and provision store, 187 lake street Wood worth, R. & J., wholesale dry goods merchants, 103 lake street \* Robert and * James H. W.} Wheeler, William, tin, sheet-iron and copper smith, 145 lake street *Wright, John S., forwarding, commission merchant, north water st. *Weir, John B., cabinet and chair maker, 188 lake street *White, George, city crier, market street, or at Stanton & Black's Wilman, Andrew, blacksmith, randolph street, opposite public square *Whitlock, Thomas, boot and shoe maker, 102 lake street *Whiting, W. L., produce and commission merchant, Hubbard's store Wentworth, J., editor and publisher of Chicago Democrat, 107 lake st. *\Volcott, Henry, private boarding house, corner kinzie and wolcott sts. Wadsworth, Julius, agent for the Hartford insurance Co., 105 lake st. Warner, Seth, merchant, south water street \_Seth P. W.~\ *White, Alexander, house, sign and ornamental painter, north water st. Wicker, J. H., grocery and provision store, 87 lake street *Walton, N. C., grocery and provision store, north water street Walker & Co., grocer and provision merchant, south water street \*Chas. Walker ; Almond Walker.} Williams, Eli B., recorder, clark street ; store south water street Wait, H. M., grocery and provision store, lake street Wandell, John, great western, 152^ lake street Wheeler, W. F., dry goods merchant, 107 lake street Williams, J., hair cutting and shaving shop, 90 lake street Wells, H. G., grocery and provision store, 101 lake street Yates, H. H., grocery and provision store, clark street CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 21 CHURCHES OF THE CITY. Baptist Church, La Salle, above randolph street ; I. T. Hinton, elder, Episcopal Church, Cass street, opposite Kinzie Square, Presbyterian Church, west side of Clark street, above the pub. square, Methodist Church, east side of Clark street, above randolph, Roman Catholic Church, Corner of Lake and State street, First Unitarian Society, Rev. Mr. Harrington, Saloon Buildings. A number of omissions will probably be found in the fore- going directory, in consequence of the difficulty in procuring a suit- able person to collect names and residences for it ; but it is the in- tention of the publisher, as soon as circumstances will permit, to issue another edition, enlarged and otherwise improved. EARLIEST RESIDENT IN CHICAGO NOW LIVING. Very few of the four hundred thousand of the reasonably .adult individuals now residing in Chicago are probably aware that the lady of whom we are going to speak is now a visitor in our city. After so long a period, since early in the century, before those of our citizens who have only reached their " three score years and ten " were born, when she came a trustful wife of sixteen, and stepped ashore upon the river bank, it is not a little remarkable that she is, to-day, again passing over and around the locality of this her early home. Under the gentle supervision of this married maiden's blue eyes, our stockade fortress, then so far within the wilderness, was erected. Yet, of all those who came in that sum- 24 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. mer of 1803, the sailor-men of that vessel, the oarsmen of that boat, the company of United States soldiers, Captain and Mrs. Whistler, and their son the husband and his bride of a year, all, we may safely say, have bid adieu to earth, excepting this lone representative. These are some of the circumstances which con- tribute to make this lady a personage of unusual interest to the dwellers here. A few particulars in the life of Mrs. Whistler, together with some of the facts attending the coming of those who arrived to assist in building Fort Dearborn, will certainly be ac- ceptable. It was a coveted pilgrimage which we sought, as any one might believe, for it was during the tremendous rain-storm of the evening of 2pth October, 1875, that we sallied out to call at Mrs. Col. R. A. Kinzie's, for an introduction to that lady's mother, Mrs. Whistler. When we entered the parlor, the venerable woman was engaged at the centre-table in some game of amusement with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren, seemingly as much in- terested as any of the juveniles. [We will remark here that five generations in succession of this family have lived in Chicago.] She claimed to enjoy good health, and was, apparently, an unusual specimen of well-preserved faculties, both intellectual and physical. She is of a tall form, and her appearance still indicates the truth of common report, that, in her earlier years, she was a person of sur- passing elegance. A marked trait of hers has been a spirit of unyielding energy and determination, and which length of years has not yet subdued. Her tenacious memory ministers to a voluble tongue, and we may say briefly, she is an agreeable, intelligent and sprightly lady, numbering only a little over 88 years. " To- day," said she, " I received my first pension on account of my husband's services." Mrs. Whistler resides in Newport, Kentucky. She has one son and several grandsons in the army. Born in Salem, Mass., July 3, 1787, her maiden name was Julia Ferson, and her parents were John and Mary (La Dake) Ferson. In childhood she removed with her parents to Detroit, where she received most of her education. In the month of May, 1802, she wns married to William Whistler, (born in Hagerstown, Md., about 1784,) a Second Lieut, in the company of his father, Captain John Whistler, U. S. A., then stationed at Detroit. In the CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 25 summer of the ensuing year, Captain Whistler's company was ordered to Chicago, to occupy the post and build the Fort. Lieut. James S. Swearingen (late Col. Swearingen, of Chillicothe, O.) conducted the company from Detroit overland. The U. S. schooner " Tracy," Dorr, master, was dispatched at the same time, for same destination, by the lakes, with supplies, and having also on board Captain John Whistler, Mrs. Whistler, their son George W., then three years old, (afterwards the distinguished engineer in the employ of the Russian government,) Lieut. Wm. Whistler, and the young wife of the last named gentleman. The schooner stopped briefly on her route at St. Joseph's river, where the Whistlers left the vessel and took a row-boat to Chicago. The schooner on arriving at Chicago, anchored half a mile from the shore, discharging her freight by boats. Some 2,000 Indians visited the locality while the vessel was here, being attracted by so unusual an occurrence, as the appearance in these waters of " a big canoe with wings." Lieut. Swearingen returned with the " Tracy " to Detroit. There were then here, says Mrs. W., but four rude huts or traders' cabins, occupied by white men, Canadian French, with Indian wives; of these were Le Mai, Ouilmette, and Pettell. No fort existed here at that time, though it is understood (see Treaty of Greenville) that there had been one at a former day, built by the French, doubtless, as it was upon one of the main routes from New France to Louisiana, of which extensive region that government long held possession by a series of military posts. [It is said that Durantaye, a French official, built some sort of a fortification here as early as 1685.] Capt. Whistler upon his arrival, at once set about erecting a stockade and shelter for their protection, followed by getting out the sticks for the heavier work. It is worth mentioning here, that there was not at that time, within hundreds of miles, a team of horses or oxen, and, as a consequence, the soldiers had to don the harness, and with the aid of ropes drag home the needed timbers. The birth of two children within the Fort, we have referred to elsewhere. Lt. Whistler after a five years sojourn here, was trans- ferred to Fort Wayne, having previously been made a First Lieu- tenant. He distinguished himself at the battle of Maguago, Mich., 26 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 9th Aug. 1812; was in Detroit at time of Hull's surrender, and with Mrs. Whistler, was taken prisoner to Montreal; was promoted to a Captain December 1812; to Major in 1826, and a Lieut. Col. in 1845. At his death he had rendered sixty-two years continuous service in the army; yet Mrs. W. says she remembers but six short furloughs which he had, during the whole term. He was stationed at various posts, beside those of Green Bay, Niagara and Sackett's Harbor; at the last named post, Gen. Grant (then a subaltern officer) belonged to the command of Col. W. In June 1832, Col. Whistler arrived again at Fort Dearborn, not the work which he had assisted to build twenty-eight years before, for that was burned CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 27 in 1812, but the later one, erected in 1816-17. He then remained here but a brief period. Col. Wm. Whistler's height at maturity was six feet two inches, and his weight at one time was 260 Ibs. He died in Newport, Ky., Dec. 4, 1863. Capt. John Whistler, the builder and commandant of the first Fort Dearborn, (afterwards Major W.) was an officer in the army of the Revolution. We regret that we have so few facts concern- ing his history, nor have we a portrait or signature of the patriot. It is believed that when ordered to Chicago, he belonged to a regi- ment of artillery. He continued in command at Fort Dearborn, until the forepart of i8n,we think, for we notice that his suc- cessor Captain Heald, gave to the Pottowattamie Little Chief a pass to St. Louis, dated here July II, 1811. Mrs. Whistler expressed to us her opinion, that had Captain W. been continued in the com- mand, the Chicago massacre would not have happened. Major John Whistler died at Bellefontaine, Mo., in 1827. Col. James Swearingen was a second Lieutenant in 1803, when J, J^ he conducted the Company of Capt. Whistler from Detroit across Michigan to Chicago. The regiment of artillery, with which he was connected, is understood to have been the only corps of that branch of defence. Lieut. Swearingen continued in the service until about 1816 attaining the rank of Colonel, when he resigned his commission, and made his residence in Chillicothe, O., where he died on his 82d birthday in February 1864. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. Taken in 1858, at the dome of the Court House in Chicago. By Lt. Col. J. D. Graham, U. S. A. Latitude. 41 53 min., 06.2 sec., north. Longitude. West of meridian of Greenwich ; 87 38 min., 01.2 sec., or 5 hours 50 min., 32.08 sec. 28 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. THE AMERICAN FUR COMPANY AND CHICAGO. During the existence of the American Fur Company, Chicago was at times the home or headquarters of various of its agents; Hubbard,lBeaubien, Crafts and the Kinzies at least, sojourned here more or less. By way of Chicago, was the thoroughfare to the Illinois, St. Louis and below. While Mackinaw had been for more than a century the store-house and great trading-post of the fur dealers, Chicago was the port and point of a very limited district of distribution. But civilization has changed the character o trade, and the settlement and cultivation of the country by the white race, has transferred from Michilimackinac to Chicago, the commercial depot and trade center, of not only a great share of the region comprising the old Northwestern Territory, but of a far greater area of empire. To notice slightly the origin of the American Fur Company, we will say that John Jacob Astor, a German by birth, who arrived in New York in the year 1784, commenced work for a bakery owned by a German acquaintance, and peddled cakes and dough- nuts about the city. [See ScoviWs " Old Merchants of Netv York" contradicting other stories of Astor's early life in America.] He was afterwards assisted to open a toy shop, and this was fol- lowed by trafficking for small parcels of furs in the country towns, and which led to his future operations in that line. Mr. Astor's great and continued success in that branch of trade, induced him in 1809 to obtain from the New York Legislature, a charter incorporating " The American Fur Company," with a capital of a million dollars. It is understood that Mr. Astor com- prised the Company, though other names were used in its organi- zation. In 1811, Mr. Astor, in connection with certain partners of the old Northwest Fur Company (whose beginning was in 1783, and permanently organized in 1787,) bought out the association of British merchants, known as the Mackinaw Company, then a strong competitor in the fur trade. This Mackinaw Company, with the American Fur Company, was merged into a new associa- tion, called the Southwest Fur Company. But in 1815, Mr. Astor bought out the South-west Company, and the American Fur Com- pany came again to the front. In the winter of 1815-16, Congress, CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 29 through the influence of Mr. Astor it is understood, passed an act excluding foreigners from participating in the Indian trade. In 1817-18, the American Fur Company brought a large number of clerks from Montreal and the United States, to Mackinaw, some of whom made good Indian traders, while many others failed upon trial and were discharged. Among those who proved their capa- bility, was Gurdon S. Hubbard, Esq., then a youth of sixteen, the earliest resident of Chicago now living here. Quite appropriate will it be to present a likeness of Mr H. in connection with this article. He was born in Windsor, Vt., in 1802, and his parents were Elizur and Abigail (Sage) Hubbard. His paternal emigrant ancestor was George Hubbard, who was at Wethersfield, Ct., in 1636. Mr. Hubbard is also a lineal descendant of the clergyman Governor, Gurdon Saltonstall, (named for Brampton Gurdon, the 30 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. patriot M. P. whose daughter was the grandmother of the Gov- ernor,) who was the great grandson of Sir Richard Saltonstall, the firm and efficient friend of early New England. [The citizens of Chicago must be pleased to learn, that Mr Hubbard has in hand, getting ready for the press, a volume ot autobiography, and reminiscences of men, things and happenings, during his long sojourn in the West.] We need, therefore, merely add here that Mr. Hubbard left Montreal, where his parents then lived, May 13, 1818, reaching Mackinaw July 4th, and first arrived at Chicago oh the last day of October or first day of November of that year. In 1828 he purchased of the Fur Company, their entire interest in the trade of Illinois. We are indebted to Mr. Hubbard for the following, relating to the American Fur Company, which he has kindly communicated. " Having entire charge of the management of the company in the West, were Ramsey Crooks and Robert Stuart. To William Matthews was intrusted the engaging of voyageurs and clerks in Canada, with his headquarters in Montreal. The voyageurs he took from the habitans (farmers) ; young, active, athletic men were sought for, indeed, none but such were engaged, and they passed under inspection of a surgeon. Mr. M. also purchased at Montreal such goods as were suited for the trade, to load his boats. These boats were the Canadian batteaux, principally used in those days in transferring goods to upper St. Lawrence river and its tributaries, manned by four oarsmen and a steers- man, capacity about six tons. The voyageurs and clerks were under inden- tures for a term of five years. Wages of voyageurs, $100, clerks from $120 to $500 per annum. These were all novices in the business; the plan of the company was to arrange and secure the services of old traders and their voy- ageurs, who. at the (new) organization of the company were in the Indian country, depending on their influence and knowledge of the trade with the Indians ; and as fast as possible secure the vast trade in the West and North- west, within the district of the United States, interspersing the novices brought from Canada so as to consolidate, extend and monopolize, as far as possible, over the country, the Indian trade. The first two years they had succeeded in bringing into their employ seven-eighths of the old Indian traders on the Upper Mississippi, Wabash and Illinois rivers, Lakes Michigan and Superior and their tributaries as far north as the boundaries of the United States extended. The other eighth thought that their interest was to remain inde- pendent; towards such, the company selected their best traders, and located them in opposition, with instructions so to manage by underselling to bring them to terms. At Mackinaw the trader's brigades were organized, the company selecting the most capable trader to be the manager of his particular brigade, which CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 3! consisted of from five to twenty batteaux, laden with goods. This chief or manager, when reaching the country allotted to him, made detachments, locat- ing trading houses with districts clearly defined, for the operations of that par- ticular post, and so on, until his ground was fully occupied by traders under him, over whom he had absolute authority. Mr. John Crafts was a trader sent to Chicago by a Mr. Conant of Detroit; was here at the (new) organization of the American Fur Company. His trad- ing house was located about half a mile below Bridgeport, (" Hardscrabble," the same premises, where in April 1812, two murders were committed by the Indians) on the north side of the river, (south branch) and had, up to 1819, full control of this section, without opposition from the American Fur Company, sending outfits to Rock River and other points within a range say of a hundred miles of Chicago. In fall of 1819, the company transferred Jean Baptiste Beaubien from Milwaukee to this point, for the purpose of opposing Mr. Crafts. He erected his trading houses at the mouth of Chicago river, then about the foot of Harrison street. In 1822, Crafts succumbed, and engaged himself to the American Fur Company, taking a charge. Mr. Beaubien was under him. Subsequently, the company bought from the U. S. the Factory House, located just south of Fort Dearborn, to which Beaubien removed with his family. Crafts died here of bilious fever in December, of I think the year 1823. Up to this date, Mr. John Kinzie was not in any business connected with the Ameri- can Fur Company, but confined himself to his trade, silversmith, making Indian trinkets. At the death of Mr. Crafts, he acted as agent for the Ameri- can Fur Company. He had no goods, as Mr. Beaubien bought out the Com- pany's right of trade with the Indians. By this time there was a very limited trade here, in fact, this place never had been pre-eminent as a trading post, as this was not the Indian hunting ground." We will here allude to Mr. Astor's attempt to establish an American emporium for the fur trade at the mouth of the Colum- bia river, which enterprise failed, through the capture of Astoria by the British in 1814, and the neglect of our Government to give him protection. The withdrawal of Mr Astor from the Pacific coast, left the Northwest Fur Company to consider themselves the lords of the country. They did not long enjoy the field unmo- lested, however. "A fierce competition ensued between them and their old rivals, the Hudson's Bay Company, which was carried on at great cost and sacrifice, and occasionally, with the loss of life. It ended in the ruin of most of the partners of the Northwest Company, and merging of the relics of that establishment, in 1821, in the rival association." Ramsey Crooks was a foremost man in the employ of Mr. Astor in the fur trade, not only in the east, but upon the western coast, and has been called the adventurous Rocky Mountain trader. Intimately connected, as Mr. Crooks 32 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. was, with the American Fur Company, a slight notice of him will not be out of place. Mr. Crooks was a native of Greenock, Scotland, and was employed as a trader, in Wisconsin, as early as 1806. He entered the service of Mr. Astor in 1809. In 1813, he returned from his three years' journey to the west- ern coast, and in 1817 he joined Mr. Astor as a partner, and, for four or five years ensuing, he was the company's Mackinaw agent, though residing mostly in New York. Mr. Crooks continued a partner until 1830, when this connec- tion was dissolved and he resumed his place with Mr. Astor in his former capacity. In 1834, Mr. Astor, being advanced in years, sold out the stock of the company, and transferred the charter to Ramsey Crooks and his associates, whereupon Mr. C. was elected president of the company. Reverses, however, compelled an assignment in 1842, and with it the death of the American Fur Company. In 1845, Mr. Crooks opened a commission house, for the sale of furs and skins, in New York city. This business, which was successful, Mr. C. continued until his death. Mr. Crooks died in New York, June 6, 1859, in his 73d year. [Through the politeness of a lady of Chicago, we have been favored with the loan of a volume, formerly one of the books of the American Fur Company, containing various items of inter- est. The lady referred to was formerly of Mackinaw, and had the good taste, when noticing, some years since, the waste of numerous books and papers of the old Fur Company, to secure quite a num- ber from such a fate. All those books and papers, excepting the one now lying before us, she afterwards presented to the Chicago Historical Society, and they shared the flames which consumed its valuable collection. Though only in part referring to our immediate locality, we think it will be excusable to place upon record the following ex- tracts and items (mostly of persons and their destination) from the volume above mentioned. The book comprises outward invoices of the year 1821 and '2, from the Agency at Mackinaw, or " Michilimackinac " as it was written. Pains have been taken to carefully follow the orthography, as given, of the names of persons and places.] (For account and risk of the American Fur Co., Merchandise delivered^) Josette Gauthier, for the Trade of Lake Superior. Michilimackinac 23 July 1821. Madeline Laframboise, for the Trade of Grand River and its dependencies. 3 Sept., 1821. [Madam Laframboise was of the Indian race, an Ottawa woman, whose husband had taught her to read and write. She was of a tall and commanding figure, and Mr. Hubbard informs us that " she was a woman of extraordinary CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 33 ability, spoke French remarkably well, and, in deportment and conversation, a lady highly esteemed; her husband was killed on the Upper Mississippi." After his death, " she took control of the business, and continued as a trader in the Company's employ," was accustomed to visit the various trading posts, and looked closely after the doings of the clerks and employees. The daughter of Madam Laframboise became the wife of Lieut. John S. Pierce, of the army, brother of the late President Pierce.] (On their own account and risk.) Therese Schindler, for her Trade at and about Michilimackinac. 23 August, 1821. Eliza and James Mitchell for their Trade. August 12, 1822. (For account and risk of the American Fur Co.) John F. Hogle, for the Trade of Lac du Flambeau and its dependencies. 24 July, 1821. Jean Bt. Corbin for the trade of Lac Courtoreille and its dependencies. 31 July, 1821. Eustache Roussain, for Trade of Folleavoine and its dep. 31 July, 1821. Goodrich Warner, for the Trade of Ance Quirvinan and its dep. 2 August, 1821. Joseph Rolette, for the Trade of the Upper Mississippi and its dep. 15 August, 1821. Amount of Invoice, $25,354.84. [Joseph Rolette was at Prairie du Chien as early as 1804. He was a decided character in his day, and numerous anecdotes are told of him which establish that fact. He held sway over the French inhabitants and voyageurs, and was exacting in his requirements; his will "was arbitrary, his word law, and the people feared him, it is said, worse than they did death. He was educated for the Catholic church, officiated at one time as chief justice, and, it is told to have been rich to watch the proceedings and decisions of that court. In the capture of Mackinaw from the Americans, in 1812, Rolette took an active part on the side of the enemv, having command of the Canadians on that occasion. He also raised a company to take part in the expedition under Col. McKay, against Prairie du Chien, and bore the dispatches to Mackinaw after its surrender. Mr. Rolette died at Prairie du Chien in 1841.] William H. Wallace for trade of Lower Wabash and its dep. 22 August, 1821. [This gentleman was a Scotchman, and is understood to have died in Chicago about 1826. He was connected with the Fur Company upon the Pacific coast some years before. A manuscript narrative of his journey, in 1810, to the Northwest coast, from Montreal, via New York, Sandwich Islands, etc., left by him, was deposited with the Chicago Historical Society.] John Henry Davis, for the trade of the Upper Wabash and its dep. 24 August 1821. 34 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. Jeremie Clairemont, for the trade of Iroquois river and its dep. 22 August, 1821. Truman A. Warren, for the trade of Lac du Flambeau and its dep. July 15, 1822. John Holliday, for the trade of Ance Quirvinan, and its dep. 26 July 1822. Joseph Bertrand and Pierre Navarre, for trade of St. Joseph and Kinkiki and its dep. Aug. 7, 1822. [The present village of Bertrand, Mich., formerly called Pare aux Vaches, it is believed, was named for Joseph Bertrand.] William Morrison, for the trade of Fon du Lac and its dep. July 20, 1822. [This gentleman, who died in 1866, near Montreal, discovered, in 1804, the source of the Mississippi, in advance of Schoolcraft or Beltrami, or, indeed, any other white man.] Antoine Deschamps and Gurdon S. Hubbard, for the trade of Iroquois river, and its dep. August 9, 1822. [Antoine Deschamps, in the year 1792, was at what was formerly called La Ville de Maillet, that was afterwards " Fort Clark," and the village of Peoria. He lived there, at least, until 1811.] (Joint Account.) Russell Farnham, for the trade of the lower Mississippi and its dep. 10 August, 1821. Consignment to address of James Kinzie for account of him and the American Fur Company ; for trade of Milliwaki and its dep. Shipped per Schooner Ann, Capt. Ransom, from Michilimackinac, to Chicago. 13 Sept., 1821. [The late James Kinzie, formerly of Chicago, and half brother of the late John H. Kinzie.] Joseph C. Dechereau, for the trade of Penatangonshine and its dep. 5 Oct., 1821. Louis Pensonneau, sen., for trade of Illinois river. August 12, 1822. [Louis Penceneau, both senior and junior, lived at Peoria; the former built a house there soon after the peace of 1815.] (Own account and risk.) Etienne (otherwise Stephen) Lamorandiere for Trade at Drummond's Island. July 21, 1821. Michael Cadotte, sen., for his trade at La Pointe, Lake Superior. 23 July, 1821. Joseph La Perche, alias St. Jean, for his trade on the lower Mississippi. 30 July, 1821. Joseph Bailly, for trade of Lake Michigan, etc. 10 August, 1821. Binette, Buisson and Bibeau, for trade on the Illinois river and its dep. 18 August, 1821. CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 35 Joseph Guerette, for trade on Illinois river. 18 August 1821. Augustin Grignon, John Lawe, Jaques Porlier, sen., Pierre Grignon, and Louis Gregnon all of Green Bay, for their trade there. 3 Sept. 1821. [The Grignons were grandsons of Charles DeLanglade, who settled at Green Bay as early as 1745.] Antoine Deschamps, for the trade of Masquigon. n Sept. 1821. Richard M. Price, for the trade of Drummond Island. 5 Sept. 1821. Daniel Dingley, for the trade of Folleavoine, south Lake Superior. July 30, 1822. Edward Biddle, from ist Oct. 1821 to 15 Aug. 1822. Ignace Pichet. June 28, 1822. Rix Robinson, for trade of Grand River, Lake Michigan. August 23, 1822. [He studied law in the State of New York, but abandoned it and came to Mackinaw to take up the business of Indian trader.] William A. Aitken, for his trade at Fond du Lac and its dep. July 4, 1822. Jean Bt. Beaubien, for his trade at Milliwakie. [The late Col. J. B. Beaubien, of Chicago.] Pierre Caune for his trade. Aug. 31, 1822. Washington Irving, in his "Astoria," gives a graphic account of the occasional meetings of the partners, agents and employes of the old Northwest Fur Company, at Montreal and Fort William, where they kept high days and nights of wassail and feasting; of song and tales of adventure and hair-breadth escapes. But of those lavish and merry halls of the old " Northwest," we need suggest no comparison with the Agency dwelling of the American Fur Company at Mackinaw, where the expenses charged for the year 1821 were only $678.49. In that account, however, we notice the following entries: 31^ gallons TenerifFe Wine; 41^ gallons Port Wine; 10 gallons best Madeira, 70^ gallons Red Wine; nine gallons brandy ; one barrel flour. We will close this article by giving a catalogue of goods fur- nished for the trade of the Chicago country, fifty-three years ago. Arm bands, blankets, broad cord, blue cloth, brown Russia sheeting, blue bernagore handkerchiefs, black silk do., black ribbon, boxwood cornbs, barrel biscuit, black bottles, boys' roram hats, brass jewsharps, beads, blue cloth trowsers, blue cloth capotes, beaver shot, balls, black wampum, barrel salt colored ribbon, colored gartering, crimson bed-lace, cartouche knives, colored cock feathers, cod lines, colored worsted thread, cotton- wick balls, cow bells> covered copper kettles, common needles, cotton bandanna handkerchiefs, duck 36 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. shot, darning needles, embossed serge, English playing cards, embossed brooches, ear wheels, furniture cotton, fox tail feathers, flour, fire steels, gun flints, girls' worsted hose, gorgets, gunpowder, gurrahs, highland striped garter- ing, hawk's bills, hair trunks, half axes, highwines, hose, hand sleds, Irish linen, Indian calico handkerchiefs, ingrain ribbon, ivory combs, ingrain worsted thread, ink powder, japaned quart jacks, kettle chains, knee straps, London scots gartering, large, round ear bobs, looking glasses, mock garnets, maitre de retz, men's shirts, men's imitation beaver hats, moon paper, narrow cord, nuns' thread, nails, northwest guns, printed cotton shawls, plain bath rings, pen knives, pierced brooches, portage collars, pepper, pins, pipes, pork, scarlet cloth, shoes, spotted swan skin, silk ferrets, scarlet milled caps, scalping knives, St. Lawrence shells, stone rings, sturgeon twine, stitching thread, snuff, snuff boxes, snaffle bridles, stirrup irons, tow sheeting, therick, tomahawks, tobacco, vermillion, white crash brushes, white molton, waist straps, white wampum, whisky. FIRST WHITE CHILD BORN IN CHICAGO. [In undertaking this series of historical pamphlets, one object was, to place in a convenient form, for reference, the facts in relation to various events in the early history of Chicago, some of which have been so diversely, and yet, so confidently stated, that an unwonted traveler through those historical jun- gles and forests, might have great difficulty in getting out of the woods. It is true, that it is not always easy or possible to get at the exact and reliable facts, so barren may be the evidence, or yet so numerous and varied the convergent channels through which it reaches us, tinted or discolored perhaps on its way " Tradition is a careless story teller," and our memories are often defective; our wishes, while they strengthen our faith, also build up our prejudices, warp our thoughts, and mislead our tongues; so, honestly, perhaps, we go on utter- ing untruths, it may be, for a lifetime. It is only by diligent search, or by the collation of the numerous and oftentimes contradictory accounts, statements and data, that satisfactory results can be arrived at ; indeed, it has been said that written histories, ordinarily, are at the best only an approximation to the truth. It is to this approximation that we would at least strive to attain.] In the Weekly Democratic Press of March 18, 1854, appeared a historical sketch of Chicago, written by Lieut. Gov. Bross, one of the editors, embodying the results of considerable research; we make an extract as follows: " So far as we have been able to learn, the oldest inhabitant born in Chicago, and now living here, is a lady we beg pardon for saying it she is an unmar- ried lady. Be not amazed, ye spruce, anxious bachelors, and if you count your gray hairs by scores, stand aside, for we are quite sure there is no chance for you. She is not only an unmarried lady, but a young lady, only twenty-two CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 37 3'ears of age, as she was born in Fort Dearborn in the early part of 1832. We have not the pleasure of her acquaintance, and, at the peril of incurring her displeasure, we venture to state that the oldest native inhabitant of Chicago, a city of more than sixty thousand people, is Miss Ellen Hamilton, the daughter of our good friend, Col. R. J. Hamilton." In a communication concerning David McKee, an old Chicago resident, appears this: " His oldest son, Stephen J. McKee, was born Sept. 18, 1830, and was the first white male child born in Chicago." In the Republican of Feb. 12, 1866, is an article from which we take the following: " A daughter of the late Mr. Russell E. Heacock, born in Fort Dearborn, 1828, was the first white child born in Chicago. The honor has been claimed by a very respectable lady, daughter of the late Col. R. J. Hamilton, but the facts will not bear out the claim. Mrs. Serena R. Noble, now a resident of California, is the person who has the birthright." Alexander Beaubien, son of the late Col. John B. Beaubien, was born in Chicago, Jan. 28, 1822, and lives here still. Mr. Wentworth, in a late lecture, said : " Gen. John McNeil, one of the heroes at the baitle of Lundy's Lane, Canada, in 1814, was stationed here soon after the reconstruction of the Fort, (men arrived to rebuild it in 1816) and he claimed that one of his daughters was the first person ever born in the Fort. A few years since, I met her on Michigan Avenue, and she said she had been trying to find the place upon which she was born, claiming the honor of being the first person born in the Fort. As she was unmarried, I disliked to ask her when it was. There are several persons now living in Chicago who claim the distinction of being the first white person born here." The late Col. Robert A. Kinzie was born at Chicago, Feb. 8, 1810. Maria Kinzie (since Mrs. Gen. David Hunter) was born at Chi- cago, previous to the month of October in 1807. John Harrison Whistler (son of Lieut. Wm. Whistler) was born in Fort Dearborn, Oct. 7, 1807. [This gentleman died in Burling- ton, Kan., Oct. 23, 1873.] Merriweather Lewis Whistler, brother of the above named John H. W., was also born in the Fort in the fall of the year 1805, and was, without doubt, the first white boy baby, that " blew his horn " anywhere in this region, since the waters of the Great Lakes dis- charged their surplus into the Gulf of Mexico, instead of the St. Lawrence, as geologists tell us was formerly the case. But the young lad was drowned in Newport, Ky., when some seven years old. 38 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. The first person, however, born at Chicago of white parentage, was a sister of the above named Maria and Robert A. Kinzie, and daughter of John and Eleanor Kinzie. The event happened, in what was afterwards known as the Kinzie House on the north side, (so Mrs. Whistler tells us,) and the little lady first saw the light upon the shore of the Divine River, (a name sometimes applied to the creek here in former days, though scarcely divine at present, if purity is an essential attribute,) on one of the days of December, 1804. [Her published obituary, gave the date of her birth as Dec. 1805; yet Mrs. Whistler assures us that it occurred earlier by some months, than that of her son Lewis, and that it was in winter or cold weather. Allowing the month to have been December, agreea- ble to the obituary referred to, the conclusion must be, that the year was that of 1804.] In due time, she was given the Christian name of Ellen Marion, and her playmates in early childhood were often the Indian children, with whom she gathered the summer flowers along the sedgy banks of the quiet stream. But the war came, the Fort was abandoned, and then occurred an exhibition of brutal carnage which savages so delight in; it was the massacre at Chi- cago. But the household of Mr. Kinzie, after various perils and escapes, under the care of friendly captors, were taken to St. Joseph, and thence to Detroit. The re-building of Fort Dearborn brought back the Kinzies to their old home. It will be sufficient here to say that Miss Kinzie received her education at Middletown, Ct., and was married at the age of six- teen to Dr. Alexander Wolcott, Indian agent at Chicago. [It was, we believe in 1821, that John Hamlin, a Justice of the Peace, living in Fulton county before that county was organized, was sent for, and officiated in tying the knot.] Doctor Wolcott died in 1830, and his widow subsequently married Hon. George C. Bates, an early resi- dent of Chicago, now (1875) living in Salt Lake City. We have been unable to procure a " counterfeit presentment " of the features of Mrs. Bates, and possibly there is none in existence; if so, it is cer- tainly a matter of regret. CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 39 THE PIONEER LAWYER OF CHICAGO. [In a historical article in a late number of the Chicago Times, it is asserted that " the first lawyer who came to Chicago to make his living by his profes- sion and nothing else, was Judge Giles Spring; there had been other lawyers here before, but they came as circuit riders, accompanying the Court, etc." The drift of this seems to be, to ignore a plain fact in our local history. Now we suggest that the Times reporter, for the lack of a knowledge of the case, has innocently made a blunder in the matter. It would certainly confer honor upon no one, to attempt to hide a palpable truth in the annals of early Chicago. Twenty-five years before Judge Spring came here, possibly before he was born, Mr. Heacock was licensed to practice law. He then lived in Illinois, which at that time was part of the Territory of Indiana. That the mere circumstance of Mr. Heacock's learning in early life the carpenter's trade, or that he could and did, with true Yankee adaptability, turn his hand to whatever offered, that he farmed it, kept tavern, etc., as well as to practice law, for his support, should blot out of the record, his title of the earliest practicing lawyer of Chicago, seems a little strange. ' It was no fault of Mr. Heacock's, that Chicago did not, for several years after his arrival, afford business and a living for one of that calling. He came here nearly six years before Judge Spring; he helped to organize the County of Cook, and furthermore, brought the first suits in the Circuit Court here. If this does not confirm to the name of Mr. Heacock the title which we have placed at the head of this article, we must ask what would ? From an author, writing in 1866, (understood to have been an early Chicago settler,) in whose candor, intelligence and accuracy we have confidence, the greater part of the items, and much of the language which follow, are taken. Nov. 18, 1875.] Russell E. Heacock was born in Litchfield, Ct. in 1781; lost his father at the age of seven; learned the trade of a carpenter; subse- quently travelled westward, and in 1806 was studying law in St. Louis. Mr. H. was licensed in Indiana Territory Dec. 29, 1808 to practice law, and lived mostly in the counties of Jackson and Union in Illinois until 1823, when he returned to the east as far as Buffalo, N. Y. He resided there until 1827, when he again came west and arrived here on a sail-vessel, July 4th, of that year. In the spring and summer of 1828, Mr. Heacock and family were living inside Fort Dearborn. (We should have said before, that he 40 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. married his wife in Illinois, during his earlier residence.) He sub- sequently lived several miles up the South branch occupying a ranche or small farm at what was called " Heacock's Point," and coming in to the village as occasion required. In 1831 he received a license to keep tavern; in 1833 he was Justice of the Peace; in 1835 his law office was opposite the Exchange Coffee House, cor- ner of Lake and Franklin streets. It will serve perhaps to indicate a marked trait in Mr. Heacock's composition, (that of following the guidance of his own views, in- dependent of or in opposition to, as it might be, those of all others,) to say, that at a meeting of the citizens, to consider the expediency of proceeding agreeable to the statute to incorporate the Town, twelve votes were cast for incorporation, and one (Mr. Heacock's) against it. Yet with his peculiarities, it is believed to have been truthfully said of Mr. Heacock " as a public speaker he was pleas- ing, instructive, and often eloquent; his earnest and straightfor- ward out-spokenness, his fine conversational powers, his generosity and frankness of character, and his inexhaustable fund of narrative and anecdote, made him most companionable." Besides assisting at Vandalia (the former State Capital,) to organize the County of Cook and bringing the first suits in the Circuit Court of this County, many of the provisions of our State Constitution, were originated and advocated by him, long before the convention by whom it was framed was assembled. [His son Reuben B. Hea- cock was a delegate in the convention of 1847, fr m Cook County.] All questions of a public nature interested him, but the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and its completion was to him the great ques- tion on which hinged the welfare of Chicago and the State of Illinois. His clear and practical mind saw the financial inability of the State to complete the work as proposed by the authorities in their bill for its construction, passed by the Legislature. He immediately predicted its failure, for which it is said he was assailed by every public man in the State. The plan upon which the Illinois and Michigan canal was proposed to be constructed, was literally a ship canal from the lakes to the Mississippi River, then characterized by him and known as " the deep cut." He then originated and proposed a plan upon which to construct the canal, which would cost the State less than two millions of dollars, called CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 4! by him the " shallow cut." For his persistent advocacy of this plan, he was censured and ridiculed by tongue and types, and the satire showered upon him from all quarters, found aid in carica- tures. But if this derision was popular, if with the public approval Mr. Heacock was given the sobriquet of "shallow cut," it was the humor of the hour, and the season; yet that was halted at length, and the clamor came to an end. Mr. Heacock had his triumph at last; for after the State had become bankrupt, its re- sources were placed in the hands of Trustees, who adopted Mr. Heacock's plan, and completed the work in the spring of 1848, less than three years. Mr. H. was a democrat of the Jackson school of politics, but he was also an abolitionist, when it was a reproach to be known as such. His writings and speeches on the subject, used principally to refer to the overwhelming influence of the slave power upon the general government. This was a subject, then but little thought of, and he used to demonstrate its effects, in the distribution of official patronage by the federal executive. The magnitude of the great west, its undeveloped resources and its future greatness, were as clearly seen by him then, as by others since. He predicted the great future of Chicago, and invested in the real estate of City and County, but which the financial crash of 1837, involved mostly beyond redemption. It is believed that those vexations and embarrassments impaired his health beyond recovery. In 1843 he had an attack of paralysis, which confined him helpless to his room until 1849, when he died of cholera. Mrs. Heacock survived her husband but a few months. Squire Heacock as he was commonly called, we can say was physically and intellectually a tall man; the Indians who were numerous here in those days, feared and respected him, and they called his eyes " the two full moons." He was self made and self educated, far in advance of his time, in all his views of public matters, and having little sympathy from the public generally. Yet those who well knew him, have since appreciated his far see- ing sagacity. 42 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. fORT DEARBORN; WHEN CHRISTENED. It has been often stated, that only after the re-building of the Fort (completed in 1817,) it first received the name, Fort Dear- born. This was incorrect, for in 1812, the name seems to have been generally known, as the Eastern newspapers mostly so referred to the garrison on learning the news of the abandonment of the Fort by the troops, and the immediate treachery of the Indians. A letter from the War Department admits this, though their records fail to impart anything definite of an earlier date. Yet evidence from other sources has not been wanting, to confirm the statement, that this post was called " Fort Dearborn " in the year it was first finished, in 1804. The fact appeared in the accounts and papers of the elder John Kinzie, who was here that year. Those documents, at the time of the great fire, were in the library of the Chicago Historical Society. But a living witness is here to-day, October 30, 1875, who was here when the Fort was built in 1803-4, an ^ sne has assured us of the fact above stated; we allude of course to Mrs. Whistler. CHICAGO IN THE OLDEN TIME. BY KNEE-BUCKLES. By the side of this sea of fresh waters, by the beach-pebbles skirting the land, where the waves had long rolled and tumbled, in fringes and foam on the sand; 'where the ice-spray long had sparkled, in the light of the sun or the stars, dashing wildly against winter's barrier, by the ridges and dunes and sand-bars; by the lawn that spread out by the river, where savages led the war dance, where Marquette once lifted the cross, where were planted the Lilies of France; a city has grown up on the marshes, like Venice that mistress of old, but a greater than Venice here flourishes, by the Adriatic of this western world. Renowned was the plat by the creek side, where the stockade was afterwards reared, where old time and the weary stranger, stopped to " shake dust from their beard;" and by side of this prairie stream, stood the wig- wams of a dusky race, of frames made of poles tied at top, or bent over in arches of grace; spread with bark of linden or elm, or hide CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 43 of the elk or wild ox, with mats inside made of rushes, or of bear skin, or wolf, or of fox. Lifted out on the bank of this bayou, not a gondola, shallop, or ark, but the bark of the Indian, was a canoe, and this famed canoe was of bark. It is said that the leek or wild onion, once found in abundance just here, with a vagrant of bad habits and manners, joined in a league that was queer; 'twas a rank conspiracy to foist, upon the shore of a harmless bayou, the odor of a similar name, as that called by the red men, Chicago. We think, though the tale was mere slander, and that Chicago was named from a chief, so we acquit the Mephitis Americana, and the little wild onion leaf. The sluggish, small stream or lagoon, that by lake-side meandered south, was, in summer, a narrow, green pond, when the sand-bars had choked up its mouth ; for 'twas only when floods and high water, pushing out with a fortu- nate tide, bore the creek on to meeting its sweet-heart, and made the lake beauty its bride. In spring time with thaws and with freshet, the river ran full in its bed, and the natives they cast their bone hooks, catching red-fin, and perch and bull-head; here was a clump of green willows, and a few scattering oaks might be seen, but aside from the spots of dry prairie, there were many wet places between. The wild ducks lit down in the slough, foreshadowing a city park lake, where the cygnets now come at the call, of tiny maidens with nuts and with cake; and where Beaubien since pad- dled his ferry, the bears and the deer swam o'er, and where the tunnels step down 'neath the river, the otter long tunnelled before. In the former moist days of early spring, by river, bog-channel and slough, from the Lake to Des Plaines passed the Indian, with- out stepping from his craft, his canoe; and so 'twas in days long passed, twixt the basin of Lakes and Mississippi, the dividing ridge was paddled across, where would spread out a wonderful city. A RELIC; WHERE IS IT? " Some twenty years since, it was told in a Chicago daily, that a brass cannon, a part of the armament of Fort Dearborn, thrown into the river at the evacuation of 1812, had a few years before been dredged up from the river bed. Where is that piece? If the War Department took it away, ought it not now to be returned ? " Sidney S. Hurlbufs Memorial Chart. 44 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. WHAT BECAME OF IT? We have heard inquiry made without satisfactory response, as to what had become of that metallic box and its contents, which were placed within, the northeast corner-stone of the late Court House at the time it was built. Neither Mr. Mackin or Mr. Knerr, the purchasers of the debris know anything about the matter. The aforesaid receptacle is said to have contained various documents not elsewhere to be found, and among them a list of the names of every dweller in Chicago in 1833, outside of Fort Dearborn. We would be pleased to learn of the safety, in proper hands, of those records, as their destruction would be another " lost pleiad," among the blotted out lights of our local history. A SUGGESTION. " A few copyists in a twelvemonth, would have preserved to Chicago and earthly immortality, names and events, which now exist only in ashes." As a text embodying both a precept and an example, we extract the above, from an article referring to the then recently burned Library of The Chicago Historical Society. Yet, if the Histori- cal Society's collections, were eminently the most important loss sustained by history in America, they were not by any means all the documents which have met destruction, with (as to numerous manuscripts,) no duplicate copies, existing elsewhere. Many of the ancient town records in New England, as well as in other parts of the country, have been destroyed by fire, or else are decayed, illegible, or departed altogether from other causes; and we might cite numerous other cases. All our records are perishable, whether upon metal, stone, wood, parchment, paper or other material. Damp and drouth, heat and cold, the attrition of force, disintegra- tion by chemical contact, indeed, all the elements which are con- stantly working changes in the natural world, make it a mere question of time how soon any record not re-created or renewed, shall be effaced. We have in remembrance, numerous instances, where the value of single copies of important documents stowed away, have scarcely been appreciated until the fact has transpired, of their irrecoverable loss; that our ideas hitherto, of fire proof protection have been fallacious; and that it cannot be expected, CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 45 that every library or association, that all public archives or private curators will have provided, ready at one's elbow, a " Fidelity " safety vault. Yet, it must be conceded, that the acquisition of any treasures to be heaped up or pigeon-holed, can hardly be com- mended, unless means are taken, for their use as well as preserva- tion. Where is the way then, or upon what can we build a reasona- ble hope of perpetuity and service, for valuable historical writings, which exist in but a single copy? The answer is a brief one, yet the remedy, in the range of probabilities; would be effective; it is, to multiply the copies, in types or otherwise, and distribute far and near. 1 THAT SIL VER PITCHER. In the second month A. D. 1853, might be seen at the manufac- tory of Messrs. Speer and Cosper in Chicago, a new and massive silver pitcher, which a morning paper noticed as follows: " Made for one of our citizens, one of the most superb pieces of plate this western world can boast of. There is engraved on it the Coat of Arms of his ancestors, and the raised, embossed and fretted work, are rich and most effective. Who the owner is, to us, is a mystery ; all we were told was, that he is an old and time-honored citizen ; that he was here when the Indian's war-whoop spread terror along the bank of the lake, that he took part in the terrific struggle of the Indian War, the sanguineness of which, 44,000 out of the 45,000 people now in Chicago, can form no conception; has grown up with the city, and now enjoys the fruits of his long and arduous labors. Long may he live, and mav those fruits increase upon him." CORRECTION: On page 15, the name "Robert" Hunter inad- vertently appears, instead of David Hunter, (of firm of K. & H,) as it ought to have been. Also, we are told that the name of John Davlin ought not to have been starred; we knew Mr. D. in N. Y., some forty years ago, and are pleased to learn that our information was erroneous, and that he still retains a place above ground. 46 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. FIRST THINGS IN CHICAGO. THE first negro slave in Chicago, of which we have heard, was " Black Jim," owned by John Kinzie, and brought here by him in 1804. THE first coroner's inquest was over the body of a dead Indian. THE first civil execution among the whites, here, was that of John Stone, who was hanged July 10, 1840, for the murder of Mrs. Thompson. The place of execution was the race-course, some three miles south from the river, near the lake shore, back of Myrick's tavern. A portion of Col. Beaubien's 6oth Regiment was improvised as a guard for the occasion, the command of which Col. B. transferred to Lieut. Col. Seth Johnson. The return of the procession brought back the body of Stone, which was given by the sheriff to the doctors for dissection. [We will here refer to what was probably the last execution at this place of an Indian by his comrades. It occurred in the fall of 1832, or the ensuing winter, after a council, or their form of a trial. Being adjudged worthy of death, the man was taken outside, into the brush, south of Randolph street, near where Market street is now, and executed, .probably by shooting. Our informant, who was an early settler here, says such was the statement confidently told at the time, though he had no personal knowledge of the matter beyond the assurance of others.] THE first map of Chicago was by James Thompson, the sur- veyor employed by the State Canal Commissioners to survey and lay out the town, or rather, village. This map bore date August 4, 1830, and the original was in the Recorder's Office, and was probably burned. It is understood that the first plat of the village gave to Chicago a public levee upon the plan of the western river towns. Our levee, accordingly, was located on the south side, from South Water street to the river. But the lake vessels could not find it expedient to conform to the ways of the shallow craft of the Mississippi valley waters, and so the Chicago levee was abandoned, and the ground was sold, docked and built upon. THE first street leading to Lake Michigan, was laid out April 25, 1832; it commenced at where was called the east end of Water CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. 47 street, and is described by Jedediah Wooley, surveyor, as follows: " from the east end of Water street " (at the west line of the Reservation, or State street?) "in the town of Chicago, to Lake Michigan; direction of said road is south 88^ degrees east, from the street to the lake, 18 chains 50 links. Said street was laid out 50 feet wide. The viewers on this occasion also believe that said road is of public utility and a convenient passage from the town to the lake." THE first extended highway regularly laid out in Chicago, was " The Green Bay Road," in 1835, under the direction of Gen. Scott, U. S. A. THE first white man's tannery, was that of John Miller. It stood (1831) near to and on the north side of, his brother, Samuel Miller's tavern, near the Junction. THE first regularly appointed auctioneer was James Kinzie. THE first debating Society formed here, was organized during the winter 1831-2 comprising nearly all the male population, mostly within the Fort. Col. J. B. Beaubien was chosen President. THE first Druggist was Philo Carpenter, who arrived in Chicago in the month of July, 1832; his store was a small log building, near where is now the east end of Lake Street Bridge. Mr. C. next occupied a log building, just vacated by Geo. W. Dole who had removed into his new store. THE first steamboat fuel furnished by Chicago, was in 1832, when Captain Walker of the " Sheldon Thompson " bought an old log cabin and took it on board for his return down the Lake. THE first printed list of Advertised Letters was in number seven of Mr. Calhoun's paper, the Chicago Democrat, Jan. 7, 1834. The list comprised one letter, namely, for Erastus Bowen. THE first Fair was held by " the ladies of the Protestant Episco- pal Church of this Town," on the i8th June, 1835, and is referred to in the village newspaper, as " a novelty in Chicago." NOT in 1835, (as stated Dec. 5, 1875 in one of the Chicago Times articles headed " By Gone Days," those pleasantly told stories, even though occasionally marred with typographical, accidental or sensational errors, which we shall notice hereafter,) but July 4, 1836, was the first spadeful of earth thrown out, in the digging of the Illinois and Michigan canal. 48 CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES. THE first ferryman was Mark Beaubien. THE first rock for the harbor piers was furnished by John K. Boyer. THE first dray in Chicago was shipped from the Hudson by Philo Carpenter; we think, also, that the first specimen of that renowned pleasure-vehicle of New England, "the one-horse shay," which appeared here, was when that gentleman and his bride rode into the village in one, in the spring of 1834. THE first two- wheeled pleasure carriage seen here was that owned by Col. J. B. Beaubien, and brought from the East. It is said that the villagers, upon its arrival, paid it distinguished honor, " turning out in procession and parading the streets." THE first engraver on wood or metal was S. D. Childs, senr. THE first church bell was placed upon the Unitarian Church edifice, January, 1845. THE first vessel larger than a " shell " built here was the "Clarissa" launched May, 1836. THE first public edifice erected by the County of Cook, was an Estray Pen. THE first " balloon " built in Chicago or elsewhere, (a popular style of spike-fastened light frame buildings, which astonished by their firmness the old-fashioned mortise and tenon builders,) was erected in the fall of 1832 by Geo. W. Snow, and stood near the Lake shore. It was but a slight affair, yet served for the while, as his place of business, and to protect his goods or freight received by vessel. The greater share of said freight, we may here add, was made up of whisky or other kinds of the ardent. THE first steam engine built in Chicago, was made and put up by Ira Miltimore. It was used to run a saw-mill located on the north branch, near the residence of the late Archibald Clybourn. THE first suggestion we think on record (or off") by a Chicagoan or indeed " any other man " for the establishment, in each of our Collegiate Institutions, of a Professorship to occupy " a Chair of Integrity," for the teaching of that ancient and important accom- plishment honesty, now so rare in our public men or officials, (not to speak of others,) was contained in an address by the Hon. Wm. B. Ogden, not long since, before the Board of Trustees of the Chicago University, F 5 ,