NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materials! The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMRAIGN L161 — 0-1096 M Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/handbookofbritis00cook_0 ll or the UMVtRSlTY of ItUHOlS. mm ft | V? '■ V > v^A-' 5 ' W. GRIGGS, DEL. & LlTH 1, AgARICUS ( PhOLIOTA ) CAPISTRATUS 2, AgARICUS ( PHOLIOTA -j LEOCHROMUS BRITISH FUNGI, With full Descriptions of all the Species, and Illustrations of the Genera. BY M . C . COOKE, M.A. Eontiott anlf jHteto ¥otfe : MACMILLAN AND CO. 1871. 'f / <, * a G. P. BACON, PRINTER, LEWES. l\TI 589.222 C77h A )oJc Ahst" PREFACE. Thirty-five years ago one of the volumes of tlie “ English Flora* * contained full descriptions of all the species then known of British Fungi. Prior to this several floras, and especially Mr. Samuel Gray* s “ Natural Arrangement” and Withering’s “ Arrangement,” included the fungi ; hut it was left to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley to collect the materials, and eliminate from them, a Mycological Flora of the British Islands. During the thirty-five years that have elapsed since the appearance of the last complete Mycologic Flora, no attempt has been made to revise it, to incorporate species since discovered, and to bring it up to the standard of modern science. No apology, therefore, is necessary for the present effort, since all will admit that the want of such a manual has long been felt, and this work makes its appearance under the advantage that it seeks to occupy a place which has long been vacant. It was my intention at first to have added an introduction, treating of the structure and affinities of the different orders and genera included in the present volume, with an explanation of my own views as to the classification adopted, but as the work proceeded it so far exceeded the dimensions originally estimated, that it was found impossible to do justice to this portion of the subject here, and the “ Introduction” has been postponed, in the hope that hereafter it may appear as a separate volume. It may suffice to state that, in the face of the bewildering chaos of new genera which have of late been proposed on the Continent, especially for Ascomycetous forms, I have endeavoured to avoid, as much as possible, encumbering these pages with a nomenclature often fanciful, seldom necessary, and which may, at best, be regarded as t is hoped that such changes as PREFACE. Y (!/(!(; have been made will commend themselves to the student as facilitating the study of organisms by no means easy of comprehension. The arrangement of the Hynienomycetes is based upon the latest views of the illustrious Fries, with such additions as were recom- mended by Mr. Worthington Smith in a recent volume of the “ Journal of Botany.” In fact, Mr. Smith's arrangement is adopted in toto , and I availed myself of his experience by associating him with myself in this portion of the work. During the progress of this “ Handbook” I have to acknowledge with gratitude the suggestions, and aid, of numerous friends, espe- cially of Professor Elias Fries, the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, M. A., C. E. Broome, Esq., F.L.S., W. G. Smith, Esq., F.L.S., Dr. E. Capron, Dr. Bull, and H. C. Ravenal, Esq. For the measurements of the spores in the Agaricini I am indebted to Mr. W. G. Smith, as well as for the drawings of many of the woodcuts. North American localities have been inserted for some species, but I am aware that this portion of the work is very imperfect. I am conscious that I have not produced a perfect work. Pursuing the study of Fungi as a recreation in the intervals of the daily business of life, it was no easy task to prepare and arrange the descriptions of nearly three thousand plants, compare specimens and figures, and measure their spores. It would be presumption to suppose that this has in all cases been done without error, although it is hoped, with some confidence, that the errors are few, and of no great importance. Subscribers will not regret that, instead of 600 pages they will receive more than 900 ; and instead of 200 figures upwards of 400. No effort has been spared to make this work worthy of their confi- dence, and, by the publication of an occasional supplement, it is hoped to maintain it for many years as the “ Handbook” for every student of British Fungi. M. C. C. Upper Holloway , July , 1871. LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS. HANDBOOK OF BRITISH FUNGI. Ul Division I. SPORIFERA. Spores naked. I. Hymenium free, mostly naked, or soon exposed. II. Hymenium enclosed in a peridium, ruptured when mature III. Spores naked, mostly terminal, on inconspicuous threads, free, or enclosed in a perithecium, IV, Spores naked, on conspicuous threads, rarely compacted, small . . Hymenomycetes . / Gasteromycetes . & Coniomycetes. ^~/ / Ilyphomycetes. 0 ^ /* Family I. HYMENOMYCETES. Mycelium floccose, giving rise at once to a distinct hymenium, or producing a variously shaped, naked, or volvate receptacle, even, or bearing on its upper or under surface various folds, plates, prickles, (fee., clothed with fertile hymenial cells. Spores naked, mostly quaternate, on distinct spicules. Berk. Introd. p. 351. Outl.p. 89. Hymenium, normally inferior — Fruit-bearing surface lamellose Agaricini. Fruit-bearing surface, porous or tubular. . Polyporei . y f Fruit-bearing surface clothed with prickles. Hydnei . Fruit-bearing surface, even Auricularini. Hymenium, superior or encirling — Clavate or branched, rarely lobed. .... Clavariei . Lobed, convolute, or disc- like, gelatinous ; (fertile threads not compacted into a true hymenium) Tremellinu B 2 AGARICINI. Order I. AGARICINI. Hymenium, inferior, spread oyer easily-divisible gills or plates, radiating from a centre or stem, which may be either simple or branched. — Fr. Epicr.p. 2. Berk. Out. p. 89. The following analytical key to the genera of the Agaricini , and the sub- genera of Agaricus, has been constructed by Mr. Worthington G. Smith, E.L.S., and by permission, we have adopted it here with his illustrations and tabular view of the sub-genera. ANALYTICAL KEY. In using the following key, the first and most important point to be determined in naming an Agaric is to ascertain the colour of the spores. The specimens used for study should always be per- fectly fresh, and, if possible, young, as in many species the char- acters, especially of the veil, are evanescent. The habitat also will be found of considerable importance to beginners. The genera are printed in Capitals, and the subgenera in Italics. The numbers prefixed to the subgenera will enable the reader to refer at once to the Plates, where the numbers correspond. I. Spores white, or very slightly tinted. — Leucospori . * Plant fleshy, more or less firm, putrescent (neither deliquescent nor coriaceous), f Hymenophorum free. Pileus be nng warts or patches free from the cuticle 1. Amanita. "*■ Pileus scaly, scales concrete with the cuticle . 2. Lepiota. f Hymenophorum confluent. J Without cartilaginous bark. § Stem central. || With a ring : . 3. Armillaria . || Ringless. Gills sinuate 4. Tricholoma . Gills decurrent. Separating from the hymeno- phorum v. Lepista. Not separating from the hy- menophorum , . . . . (See Paxtllus.) Edge acute 5. Clitocybe. Edge swollen xi. Cantharellus. AGARICINI, 3 Gills adnate. Plants parasitic on other Agarics xii. Nyctalis. Not parasitic. Milky ........ ix. Lactarius. 7' Not milky. Rigid and brittle ... x. Russula. Waxy vii. Hygrophorus. § Stem lateral or absent 6. Pleurotus . n 5 ^ J With cartilaginous bark. Gills adnate 7« Collybia . c'7 Gills sinuate 8. Mycena. Gills decurrent 9. Omphalia. y s Plant tough, coriaceous, or woody, f Stem central. Gills simple . . xiii. Marasmius. Gills branched xvi. Xerotus. f Stem lateral or wanting. Gills toothed xiv. Lentinus. Gills not toothed xv. Panus. Gills channelled longitudinally or crisped xvii. Trogia. Gills splitting longitudinally xviii. Schizophyllum. Gills anastomosing xix. Lenzites. II. Spores rosy or salmon colour. - Ilyporhodii » * Without cartilaginous bark, t Hymenophorum free. X With a volva J Without a volva. With a ring Ringless t Hymenophorum confluent. X Stem central. Gills adnate or sinuate Gills deeurrent X Stem lateral or absent * With cartilaginous bark. Gills decurrent Gills not decurrent. Pileps torn into scales Pileus papillose, subcampanulate. Gills membranaceous, persistent. . Gills subdeliquescent 10. Volvaria. 11. Chamceota. 12. Pluteus. 13. Entoloma. 14. Clitojyilus . 15. Claudojous. 18. Eccilia. 16. Lejptonia. •/ ; ' / 17- Nolanea. iii. Bolbitius. III. Spores brown, sometimes reddish or yellowish brown. — Dermini . * Without cartilaginous bark, t Stem central. X With a ring. Ring continuous 19. Pholiota. Ring arachnoid, filamentous or evanescent. Gills adnate, terrestrial .... iv. Cortinarius. Gills decurrent, or acutely adnate, mostly epiphytal 21. Flammula . B 2 4 AGARICINI. J Without a ring. Gills adhering to the hymenopho- rum, and sinuate . . . * . . Gills separating from the hymeno- phorum, and decurrent . . . . t Stem lateral or absent * With cartilaginous bark. Gills decurrent Gills not decurrent. Margin of pileus at first incurved . . Margin of pileus always straight . . 20. Hebeloma. /'/ vi. Paxillus. 22. Crepidotus. j j. $ ^ 25. Tubaria. j 3 23. Naucoria. { 2-*' 24. Galera. ^ -j h IV. Spores purple, sometimes brownish-purple, , brown.— Pratellce. * Without cartilaginous bark, f Hymenophorum free. J With a ring J Ringless t Hymenophorum confluent. Veil normally ring-shaped on the stem Veil normally adhering to the margin of pileus * With cartilaginous bark. Gills decurrent Gills not decurrent. Margin of pileus at first incurved . . . Margin of pileus at first straight . . . dark purple, or dark 26. Psalliota. /3C 27. Pilosace. > . * 28. Stropharia. 29. Hypholoma. 32. Deeonica. 30. Psilocybe. 31. Psathyra . ■ ^ , V. Spores black, or nearly so .— Coprinarii. Gills deliquescent Gills not deliquescent. Gills decurrent Gills not decurrent. Pileus striate Pileus not striate ii. Coprinus. viii. Gomphidius. - 34. Psathyrella. 33. Panceolus. Genus 1. AGARXCUS, Linn. Syst. Nat. (1735). Spores of various colours ; gills membranaceous, persistent, with an acute edge ; trama floccose, confluent with the inferior hymenium. Fleshy fungi, putrifying, and not reviving when once dried, hence differing from such genera as are deliquescent, coriaceous, or woody. This genus is divided into five series, according to the colour of the spores, the subgenera in each series are arranged in the accompanying plates. Lach scries consists typically of three groups. 1. - — Hymenophore distinct from the fleshy stem. 2. — Hymenophore confluent and homogenous with the fleshy stem. 3. — Hymenophore confluent with, but heterogenous from, the cartilagin- ous stem. These three groups are kept distinct in the plates, the subgenera ip. each series corresponding in position with its analogues in the other series. AGARICINI. 5 Series 1 . Leucospori* Spores white (Plate ii). The species bearing white spores seem higher in type than those producing coloured spores. Most of the former are firm, and many persistent, whilst, as we approach the black spored Agarics, there is a greater tendency to deliquesce. The spores of the Leueospori are mostly oval, sometimes nearly round, generally very regular, but sometimes spinulose. They vary in size ; and, while containing the largest as well as the smallest known spores, are as a rule small , generally white, but sometimes dingy, or with a suggestion of yellow, or pink. As a rule, none of the Leueospori grow on dung or in rank places, whilst in the darker and black-spored groups these habitats are the rule. — W. G. S. Sub-Gen . 1. Amanita. Pers. Syn., p. 246. Yeil universal at first, completely enveloping the young plant, distinct and free from the cuticle of the pileus ; pileus convex, then expanded, not decidedly fleshy ; stem distinct from the hymenophore, ringed or ringless, furnished with a volva, free and lax, connate with the base, or friable and nearly obsolete ; gills free from the stem. — Hab. On the ground, mostly in woods and uncultivated places. — (PZ. II., fig. 1, A.muscarius .) This subgenus is remarkable for the great development of the veil, which at first entirely envelopes the young plant in a thick clothy wrapper ; as the fungus reaches maturity the veil is ruptured, and part remains in scattered patches on the pileus (b), whilst part forms a more or less complete cup or volva at the base (c) ; when there are no fragments on the pileus the veil has been ruptured in one place, and the whole mass remains at the base this is often the case in Agaricus phalloides Fr. Some of the species have the stem furnished with a ring (d), which is part of the veil, whilst three species are ringless (or more properly, the ring is adherent to the stem). In some species the veil is thick, and greatly developed, whilst in others it is thin and friable, and both volva and patches are evanescent ; the higher forms of Amanita stand alone, from the stem being furnished with a volva and ring. Some of the species are edible, others highly poisonous. — W. G. S. Sect. 1. Vaginatce — ring obsolete. 1. Agaricus (Amanita) vaginatus. Bull. “ Sleek Amanita.” Pileus thin, campanulate, then nearly plane, margin membran- aceous, deeply sulcate ; stem fistulose, attenuated, fragile, floccu- loso-squamose ; volva sheathing, loose ; gills free, white, then- pallid. — Berk. Outl . t . iii, fig. 4. Eng. FI. \.p. 2. Huss. ii. t. 34. Bull. t. 98,512. Vitt. Mang. 1. 16. Lenz. f. 2. Kromb. 1. 1,/. 1-5, Z. 10,/. 6-9, t. 30,/. 13-14. FI. Dan. 1. 1014,2142,/. 2. Gard.Chron. (1861),^. 97. Gonn. fy Rabh.i. t. 7,/. 1. Barla . t. 5. Vent. t. 5„ Var . albida. A. nivalis , Grev . 1 . 18. Eng . FI. v, p . 3. Paul, t , 151,/. 1-2. In woods and under trees. Common. [United States.] 6 AGARICINI Variable in size and colour. Pileus 4 in. or more, viscid when moist, shining when dry, at first there are a few broad scales, but these soon vanish ; the cuticle easily peels off. Stem 6 in. or more high, |-1 in, thick, attenuated upwards, obtuse at the base, where it is furnished with a volva, which is adnate for about an inch, and then, in general, closely surrounding it like a sheath, but sometimes the margin is expanded. The volva is easily overlooked if care be not taken to dig up the very base of the stem. Gills free, ventri- cose, broadest in front, often imbricated, white. Smell scarcely any, — Enq. FI. Spores spherical '00032 X *00038 in. — W. G. S. 2. Agazicus (Amanita) Ceeiliae. B. Br. “ Grey ringless Amanita. ’ Pileus at first ovate, then campanula^, clothed with scattered subpersistent warts * margin grooved ; sfpn stuffed, silky above, squamulose below ; volva soon breaking up. — B. § Br . Ann. N.II, no. 663. Berk. Outl. t. 3,/. 5. Fr. Icon . t. Ill Price f. 112. In woods. Aug. Sept. Common in Epping Forest. Colour mouse-grey. Distinguished by its less perfect volva and stuffed stem, which does not simply contain a few cottony fibres, as that of A. vaginatus . Pileus at first semi-elliptic, densely and uniformly clothed with the thick mouse-coloured volva, which at length splits irregularly below from a slight prominence at the base of the stem, but by no means vaginate ; then cam- panulate, obtuse, 3-4 in. across, margin sulcate, dingy yellow, either quite smooth, or more or less clothed with the depressed or even acutely warty re- mains of the volva. Stem 4 in. or more high, fin. thick, attenuated upwards, above silky, transversely or obliquely rimose, below squamulose from frag- ments of the volva, spongy within, with occasional cavities, not truly bulbous 5 ring none gills thick, sometimes forked or anastomosing, the shorter ones abruptly truncate behind, quite free, at length remote, interstices venous. Smell none. Taste sweet. — M. J. B. Spores oval *00034 X *0006in. — W. G. 3. Agaricus (Amanita) adnatus. Smith. u Adnate gilled Amanita/’ Pileus flesby, firm, smooth, rather moist, convex, then expanded, buff beneath the cuticle ; margin extending beyond the gills ; stem stuffed, at length hollow, pale buff, rough, fibrillose ; ring none ; volva lax, adnate, or almost obsolete, white, pubescent, re- maining in woolly patches on the pileus ; gills white, crowded, truly adnate. Saund. Sm . t. 20. Woody places, amongst oak and holly. Kingsdon Wood and Alfoxen, Combe, amongst the Quantock Hills, Somerset. — (J.A.C.) Pileus fleshy, very firm, not brittle, smooth, rather moist, pale buff-yellow, 2|-3in. across, margin exceeding the gills ; gills white, crowded, truly adnate ; stem stuffed, at length hollow, pale buff, rough, and fibrillose, 2-4 in. high ; ring absent ; volva lax, adnate, or almost obsolete, white and pubescent, re- maining in woolly masses on the pileus ; flesh firm, almost rigid, as in Rus- sula , white, stained sienna-buff under the cuticle of the pileus ; spores slightly oval, *0004 X *0003 in.— W. G. S. AGARICINI. 7 Sect. 2. Phalloidece — yolva free and lax. 4. Agaxicus (Amanita) vernus, Bull. “ ‘ Spring Amanita.” Pileus at first ovate, then expanded, rather depressed, viscid, white ; margin naked, smooth ; stem stuffed, equal, floccose, base bulbous ; volva closely embracing the stem with its free margin ; ring reflexed ; gills free. — Bull. t. 108. Vitt. Mang. t. 44. Paul. 1 . 156,/. 3-4. Smith P. M.f. 8. Price f. 3. Gard. Chron . (1861), ■p. HO, Jig. In woods. Early summer. Poisonous. Altogether white. Distinguished from white forms of A. phalloides by its closer sheathing volva, and more ovate pileus when young, and from the white forms of A. vaginatus by the presence of a ring. 5. Agairicns (Amanita) phalloides. Fr. “Stinking Amanita.” Pileus campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, viscid ; margin even, regular ; stem hollow above, attenuated ; volva bulbous, free above, loose ; ring membranaceous ; gills rounded, ventricose. — Sys. Myc. i. p. 13. Epicr. p. 4. Vaill . t. 14,/. 5. Paul . t. 155, 156,/ 1-2. Berk. Outl. pi. 3,/ 1. (right figure .) Smith. P.M.f. 7. Eng. FI. v. p. 1. Kromb. t. 28,/ 1-io. Corda Sturm t. 55. Price f. 28. Barla , t. 4. Gonn. Rabh. i. t. 10,/. 1. Vent. t. 40. A. bulbosus , Bull. t. 2. A. vernalis , Bolt. t. 48. A. verrucosus , FI. Bond. t. 312;/. 4-5. Woods, and their borders. Aug.— Nov. Common. [Pennsylvania.] Pileus 2-3 in. broad, irregularly scaly from the fragments of the volva ad- hering to the surface, variously coloured, white, straw-coloured, brownish, greenish, &c. Stem 3-4 in. high, ^in. thick, fibrillose, attenuated upwards, bulbous below. Yolva adnate at the base, with the margin free, more or less expanded. Odour powerful, and foetid, especially as it decays. Considered poisonous. Spores spherical *0003 in. — W- G. S. 6. Agaricus (Amanita) mappa. Batsch. “ Delicate Amanita.” Pileus convex, then plane, without separable cuticle, margin nearly even ; flesh white ; stem stuffed, then hollow, cylindrical, nearly smooth, bulbous, nearly globose at the base ; volva with its free margin acute and narrow ; ring membranaceous ; gills ad- nexed. — Fr. Epicr. p. 6. Gonn. Rabh. i. 1. 11,/. 1. Paul. t. 158, /. 1-2. Vitt. Mang. 1 . 11. Kromb. 1 . 1,/. 6, t. 28,/ 11-12. Ann . N.H. no. 138. Price / 66. Vent. 40,/. 1-2. A. bulbosus , Bull, t . 577 , F.D.G.H.M. A. venenosa , Pers. Com. t. 2. Scliceff. t. 241. Sow. t. 286 (left figure.) Curtis t. 312 ( right figure.) 8 AGARICINI, Under trees. Not common. Poisonous. Colour variable. Habit like that of a small A. phalloides, from which it is distinguished by its less developed volva, which, instead of being cup -shaped, is little more than a mere rim fringing the bulb. — M. J. B. Sect , 3. Muscarice — volva cut round, lower part connate with the stem. 7. Agaaricus (Amanita) mu sc arms. L. “ Fly Amanita.’ 7 Pileus convex, then expanded, clothed with scattered warts, the remains of the volva, margin striate, flesh beneath the viscid cu- ticle yellowish ; stem stuffed, bulbous at the base ; volva adnate, concentric, scaly ; ring lax, deflexed ; gills reaching the stem and forming decurrent lines upon it. — Grev . t. 54. Eng . El. v.p. 4. Huss. i. 1. 1. Gard. Cliron. (1860), p. 160. Kromb, t. 9, /. 1-19. Corda Sturm t. 54. Price f. 56. Barla. t. 2. Vent. t. 1,/. 3-4. Sow. t. 286 [right fig.) Smith , P.M.f. 13. Cooke, B. E. 1. 1. Gonn . Pahh. i. t. 6. Woods, especially fir and birch. Aug. — Nov. Poisonous. [Pennsylvania.] Pileus 3-7 in. broad, orange, scarlet, sometimes brownish, beset with super- ficial conical warts, viscid when moist, margin thin and striate. Gills whiter broad, ventricose, free or slightly adnexed. Stem 4-9 in. high, ^-1 in. tliick a stuffed with cottony fibres, sometimes hollow. Bulb covered with close coni- cal scales, the remains of the volva. Highly narcotic, producingintoxication, delirium, and death. Spores *00032 X *00025 in.— IF. G. S. (PI. II. .fig. 1.) 8. Agaricus (Amanita) excelsus. Fr. “ Tall Amanita.’ 7 Pileus convex, then plane, at first innato-fibrillose, clothed with irregular, mealy, evanescent warts ; margin nearly even ; flesh white ; stem stuffed, cylindrical, scaly below, bulbous, immar- ginate ; volva evanescent ; gills ventricose, free, rounded behind. — Fr. Epicr.p. 8. Berk. Outl.pl. 3,/. 3. Eng. FI. v.p. 5. Kromb . t. 29,/. 14-17. Paul. 1. 159. Gonn . fy Rabh. i. t. 8,/ 1. In woods. Quality doubtful. [Carolina, U.S.] Colour brownish. Margin sometimes sulcate. Pileus 4 in. broad, slightly viscid, smooth, with a few more or less conical irregular scattered warts, easily rubbed off; cuticle tough and clammy, easily peeling off ; gills obtuse before and behind, but broader in front, truly free, half an inch broad, the margin slightly uneven. Stem 6 in. or more high, 1 in. thick, going deep into the earth, scaly below the ring, scales thick and squarrose, above the ring the scales are closely adpressed, their interstices finely silky, apex striate, tolerably firm, juicy, white ; ring half way down, large, substriate within, externally downy. Taste pleasant. — M.J.B . Spores *0003 X *00022 in.— W. G. & , AGAPICINI. 9 9. Agaricus (Amanita) pantfoearinus. D.C. “ Spotted Amanita.” Pileus convex, then expanded, margin striate, flesh under the viscid pellicle white ; stem stuffed, then hollow, nearly smooth ; volva at the base ocreate, with the margin entire, obtuse, and free ; gills attenuated, free. — Fr. Epicr.p. 5. Eng. FI. v. p. 4. FI. Dan. 1. 1911,/. 2. Vitt.Mang.t. 39. Vent. t. 3. Kromb. t. 29,/. 10-13. Paul. 1. 160,/. 2. Schceff. t. 90. Barla. t. 7,/. 1-3. Rogues, t. 21, f. 2-3. Gonn. Rabh.i. 1. 1. In woods or pastures near trees. [Pennsylvania.] Brownish, not red or reddish brown, as in A. muscarius. Pileus, 4 in. broad, with flat, mealy warts, which rub off with difficulty, glutinous when moist ; when dry, soft to the touch like kid leather. Stem 5 in. high, half an inch thick, stuffed, then more or less hollow, silky, and even, or torn into reflexed scales; ring deflexed; volva quite smooth, connate, the extreme margin only free all round. — M.J.B. Not poisonous. Spores, *0003 X •00019 in. — W. G. S. 10. Agaricus v Amanita) strobiliformis. Fr. “Fir-cone Amanita.” Pileus convex, then expanded, with persistent warts ; margin even ; flesh compact, white ; stem solid, floccoso-squamose, bul- bous, base subterraneous ; volva with the margin acute, concen- tric ; ring torn; gills rounded behind, and free. — Epicr.p. 5. Vitt. Mang. t. 9. Vent. t. 4. Paul. 1. 162. Bull. t. 593. Berk. Outl. t. 3, /. 2. Smith E. M.f. 10. Gonn. <£• Rabh. i. t. 7, /. 3. Ann. N.H. no. 662. Borders of woods. Rare. Esculent. ^ * Pileus when young subglobose, bulb of the stem conical below, rooting, its border sometimes incised all round, sometimes even, floccose above to the edge of the pileus ; scales of pileus large, wart-like, with a brown disc, and white floccose border, persistent, angular. Pileus, when expanded, 8-9 in. across, at length quite smooth, margin extending beyond the gills, white, cinereous, &c. Stem 6-7 in. high, l^in. thick, firm, solid, bulb not properly scaly, veil large ; gills rounded behind, the shorter ones denticulate at the base. Odour and taste pleasant. — M. J. B. — “ It attains a very large size in well-grown speci- mens. The persistent patches on the top are not unlike the scales of a fir- cone, hence its specific name; the gills do not reach the stem. Average size of spores, *00054 X *00035 in.”— IF. G. 8. Sect. 4. Validce — volva thin and friable. 11. Agaricus (Amanita) rubescens. P. “ Keddish Amanita.” Pileus convex, then expanded ; warts unequal, mealy, scattered ; flesh becoming reddish ; stem stuffed, attenuated upwards, squam- ulose ; ring entire ; gills attenuated, reaching the stem and form- ' b 5 10 AGARICINI, ing decurrent lines upon it ; volva obliterated. — Fr. Epicr. p. 7. Eng. FI. y.p. 5. Vent. t. 26, f. 1-3. Kromb. 1 . 10,/. 1-5. Letell. t. 677. Trans. Woolh. C. (1868). Gonn. fy Rabh. i. t. 5. Price,/. 75. Huss. i. t. 23. Vitt. Mang ., t. 41. Schceff. t. 91-261. Paul. 1 . 161. Curt. FI. L. t. 312, partly. Hogg Jolinst. 1. 1. Smith , E. M. f. 1. Badh. i. 1 . 12,/. 1, ii. 1 . 11,/. 3-5. In woods. Common. Esculent. [United States.] Margin of pilens in some instances with the appearance of striae ; flesh turn- ing reddish when cut or bruised ; gills broad in front, narrowed behind ; stem above the ring clothed with flat adpressed scales, below the ring the scales have their upper margin free and patent. Smell strong, taste not unpleasant. Spores -0003 X *00023 in.— W. G. S. 12. Agaarieias (Amanita) spissus. Fr. “ Clammy Amanita.” Pilens convex, then plane, rough with minute, adnate, mealy warts ; margin smooth ; flesh firm, white, unchangeable ; stem stuffed, firm, attenuated upwards, squamulose ; ring entire ; gills adnexed, with decurrent lines on the stem. — Fr. Epicr. p. 9. Curr. Linn , Trans, xxi v.,p. 151. Kromb. 1. 1, /. 7, t. 29,/. 1-5. In woods. Pileus 3 in. broad, umber with a greyish tinge, evidently viscid, smooth, with a few patches of the volva adhering, not in the form of warts, but irregu- larly; epidermis tough and clammy, easily peeling off, margin not striate; gills very broad, more than half in., ventricose and adnexed. Stem 3 in. high, 1 in. being buried in the ground, swollen and bulbous at the surface, narrower above and below. Ping deflexed and striate. Spores white, irregularly pear- shaped or balloon shaped, with a short stalk, colourless, about ’0005 in. long. — F. Curr . 13. Agaaricus (Amanita) aspesr. Fr. “ Hough Amanita.” Pileus convex, then plane ; warts minute, crowded, nearly per- sistent ; margin even ; flesh compact, brownish beneath the cuticle ; stem stuffed, then hollow, attenuated ; ring entire, distant ; gills rounded behind, free. — Fr. Epicr. p. 9. Eng. FI. v. p. 6. Vitt. Mang. t. 43. Bolt. 1. 139. Bull. t. 316. In woods. June. — Oct. [Carolina, U.S.] In many respects resembling A. rubescens. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, scarcely umbonate, reddish, with various tints of livid and grey, clothed with small acute warts; flesh thick, permanent white, except immediately beneath the epidermis ; gills white, broad in front, with sometimes a little tooth behind running down the stem ; stem 2-3 in. high, sometimes 1^ in. thick at the base, often less, bulb rather rough, striate above the ring, silky below ; ring broad, striate. Odour strong, taste not unpleasant. — M. J. B. Spores ‘00032 X *00026 in. — W. G. 8. AGARICINI. 11 14. Agaricus (Amanita) megalodactylus. B. “Strong- scented Amanita.” Strong scented. Pilens soft, convex, smooth, reddish-grey ; cuticle entire ; margin even ; stem somewhat bulbous, solid, fibril- lose; ring very large, placed near the top of the stem; gills moder- ately broad, free, pallid, at length tinged with red. — Berlc . Outl. p. 91. In a wood near Stamford. Pileus 3| in. across ; stem 5 in. high. The volva is almost obsolete, it is allied to A. lenticularis , but the solid stem is not squamulose, and the gills do not assume an olive tint. — M . J. B. Sect. 5. Denudatce — veil entirely obsolete. 15. Agaricus (Amanita) lenticularis. Lasch. “ Smooth Amanita.” Pileus globose, then convexo-plane, soft, smooth, margin even ; stem stuffed, bulbous, squamulose; ring broad above; gills free, becoming pallid. — Lasch. Linn. no. 18. Paul.p. 306, 1. 149. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1104. Fr. Icon. 1. 13. In plantations. Oct. Coed Coch. Remarkable for the great development of the ring, and the smooth pinkish tan pileus. Stem 4-6 in. long. Pileus 3-4 in. broad. Flesh soft, spongy, white, with a mouldy odour. Gills free, approximate, ventricose, broader behind, very much crowded, white. Sub-Gen. 2. Lepiota. Fr. S.M., i. p. 19. Veil universal and concrete, with the cuticle of the pileus breaking up in the form of scales (f) ; pileus never compact, often very thin, the flesh always soft and thread- like, and not only distinct from the stem, but often separated above into a peculiar cup ; stem distinct from the hymenophore, gene- rally hollow, full of threadlike fibres, rather sub-cartilaginous than fleshy, different in texture from the flesh of the pileus, hence it is easily removed, leaving a cup or socket at its point of juncture with the pileus (e), fur- nished with an annulus, which is at first con- tinuous with the cuticle of the pileus, often moveable, sometimes evanescent ; volva none ; gills free ; hence not sinuate or de- Fig. 35, current. 12 AGARICIEX Hab, On tlie ground, mostly in rich grassy places, and more often in fields than woods. — (PZ. II., fig. 2, Ag. procerus.) Several species as A. clypeolarius, Bull, A. cepcestipes , Sow., and A. cristatus , Fr., appear in hothouses all the year round. Lepiota is readily recognised by its free gills, annulated stem without a volva , and generally scaly pileus. Usually autumnal and edible. — W. G. S. Sect. 1. Proceri . — ring moveable. 16. Agaricus (Lepiota) procerus. Scop. “Parasol Mushroom.” Pileus fleshy, soft, at first ovate, then expanded and umbonate ; cuticle thick, torn up into broad scales ; stem hollow, tall, bulbous, variegated with adpressed scales ; ring moveable ; gills very re- mote. — Fr. Epicr.p. 12. Eng. FI. v.p. 7. Trans. Woolh. C ., 1867. Badli. t. 2. Baida, t. 8. Schceff. t. 22-23. FI. Dan. t. 772. Curt. FI. P. Z. 6 9. Vitt.Mang.t. 24. Price /. 74. Lenz.f. 5-6. Vent. t. 6. Paul.t. 135. Hogg Johnst. t. 8. Cooke, B. & * 9 TT^a i t ££ Smith E. M.f. 14. Krornb. t. 24,/. 1-12. Pastures. Common. Esculent. Pileus 3-7 in. broad, at first obtusely conic, at length campanulate, strongly umbonate, fleshy, cuticl velvety, red brown, broken into sub-reflexed scales, the whole resembling brown shaggy leather, margin white, or pinkish, silky, flesh soft, and cottony, except in the centre, when young. Gills perfectly free, separated by a considerable space from the stem, ventricose, margin ser- rated, pale, pinkish yellow, or white. Stem, 8-12 in. high, J in. thick, atten- uated upwards, sunk deep into the flesh of the pileus, bulbous, scaly, hollow, but stuffed with a cottony web. Bing coriaceous, thick and spongy, convex below, moveable. Taste and smell pleasant. — M.J.B. Spores ‘0006 X ‘0003 in. — W .G. S. (PI. ii., fig. 2 and fig. 35.) 17. Agaricus (Lepiota) xachodes. Vitt. “Large grey Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, soft, at first globose, then expanded and depres- sed ; cuticle thin, broken into persistent scales, stem hollow, at- tenuated, smooth, immaculate, bulb at first abrupt; ring lacerated, moveable ; gills remote. — Fr. Epicr.p. 13. Berk. Outl.pl. 3,/. 6. Price,/. 104. Huss. ii. t. 58. Vitt. Mang. t. 20. Ann. N.H. no. 257. Gard. Chron., 1861 ,p. 599. Krornb. t. 24,/. 15-16. In shady pastures. Not common. Esculent. [Carolina, U.S.] Flesh mostly red when bruised. Closely allied to A. procerus, from which it is distinguishable by the pileus being more globose when young, by the generally distinctly marginate bulb, and the stem being free, or nearly free, from the spots which give A. procerus a snake-like appearance. — Gard. Chron « Spores *00018 X *00025 in.— IF. G.S. AGARICINI, 13 18. Agaiicus (Lepiota) excoriatus. Schceff. “ Flaky Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, soft, obscurely umbonate ; cuticle thin, breaking up into scales ; stem hollow, short, cylindrical, scarcely bulbous, smooth, white ; ring moveable ; gills rather remote. — Schceff. t. 18-19. Eng . FI. v.p. 7. Vitt. Mang. t. 35. Krombh. t. 1,/. 9, t. 24, /. 24-30, Vent, t . 7. Paul. 1 . 135 bis. Letell. t. 609,/. A. B. In pastures. May — Sept. Esculent. Pileus 2^ in. across, expanded, often a little irregular, carnose, umbonate, flesh spongy, cuticle cracked into small areolas, silky between them, especially on the margin, pale fawn, the umbo dark, gills ventricose, free, so as to leave a broad space round the top of the stem, which is sunk into the substance of the pileus, dull white, slightly watery, unbricate when old, sometimes broader on one side of the pileus than the other, and sometimes stained with claret colored blotches. Stem l|-2 in. high, f-| in. thick, attenuated regularly up- wards, without a decided bulb, minutely fibrillose, hollow, but stuffed with a cottony web. Ring deflexed, moveable. Smell scarcely any. — M. J. B. Spores *0005 X *00035 in. — W. G. S. 19. Agaricus (Lepiota' gracilentus. Krombh. “ Slender Lepiota.’ Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtusely umbonate ; cuticle thin, breaking up into adpressed persistent patches ; stem hollow, elongated, slightly bulbous ; ring thin, free, evanescent ; gills remote, broad, pallid. — Kromb. t. 24, f. 13-14. Berk. Out.p. 93. In pastures. Esculent. Resembling A. procerus but more delicate. Stem 5-6 in. long, 4-5 lin. thick, obsoletely scaly. Pileus at first ovate, then campanulate, and at length flat- tened, spotted with brownish scales. Spores *00043 X *0003 in.— IF. G. S. 20. Agaricus (Lepiota) mastoideus. Fr. “ Bossed Lepiota.” Pileus rather fleshy, soft, ovate, then expanded, and acutely umbonate ; cuticle thin, breaking up into scattered papillae ; stem hollow, equally attenuated from the bulb, weak, smooth ; ring entire, moveable ; gills very remote, pallid. — Epicr.p. 1 4. FI. Dan. t. 2144. Berk. Mag. Zool. Bot. i. t. 2,/. 1. Kromb. t. 24,/. 17-18. Batt. t. 10,/. A. Letell. t. 609,/. D.E. In woods. Oct. King’s Cliffe. [Cincinnati.] Pileus If in. across, fin. high, very strongly umbonate, with a depression round the umbo, sub-carnose, epidermis breaking up into small umber papillae, which are larger and more scattered towards the margin; gills remote, rather narrow, yellowish ; stem 3^ in. high, slender, strongly attenuated upwards, incrassated at the base, sunk into the substance of the pileus, minutely vil- loso-squamose, filled within with cottony fibres. Ring deflexed, scarcely move- able.— M . J. B. 14 AGARICINI. Sect . 2. Clypeolarii. — pileus shield-like. 21. Agaricus fLepiota) acutesqiiamosus. Wm . “ Squarrose Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, obtuse, at first floccose, then bristly with erect, acute, squarrose scales ; stem somewhat stuffed, bulbous, below the ring rough or silky, pruinose above ; gills approximate, lance- olate, simple. — ffuss. ii. t. 5. Krornb. t. i ./. 18-20, t . 29/ 18-21. A. Marice . Klotsch. Linncea vii. £. 8. Berk. Eng . A7. v.j 9 . 4. Arm. N.H. no. 139. On soil in gardens, and in greenhouses. [Cincinnati.] Generally tawny. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, with dark coloured scales. Stem tawny, pruinose 2-3 in. long or more, 4 lines to | in. thick. Ping white. Sub- stance fleshy, tough, elastic, white. Spores *0001 X *00023 in. — W.G.S. [Agaricus (Lepiota) Friesii. Lasch. recorded by B. & Br. Ann. N.H. (1866) No. 1105 was entered in error.] 22. Agazicus (Lepiota) hispidus. Lasch . “ Hispid Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, thin, umbonate, at first tomentose, then break- ing up into squamose papillse. Stem fibrillose, stuffed, thin, atten- uated, above the ring floccoso-squamose ; gills approximate, ven- tricose, simple. — Linncea 1829, no. 407. Ann. N.H. no. 901. Fr. Icon. t. 14,/. 1. In shady woods, amongst pine leaves. Aug. Stem about 3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, umber. Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalus. 23. Agazicus (Lepiota) Badhami. B.fyBr. “ Saffron Lepiota.” Pileus at first campanulate, obtuse, then expanded, or depressed and umbonate, hispid with minute, velvety, ermine-like scales ; stem bulbous, white, silky, stuffed with cottony threads ; ring firm, slightly moveable ; gills remote, ventricose ; whole plant when wounded of a saffron-red. Ann. N.H. no. 664. Berk. Out.p. 93. Under yew trees. Sept. Apethorpe. Norths. Pileus 2-4 in. across, at first campanulate, obtuse, at length expanded, often depressed and umbonate,, hispid, with minute, velvety, fuliginous scales, but sometimes entirely fuliginous, without any distinct scales; stem 2-3 in. high, in. thick, attenuated above, bulbous below, white, silky, or floccoso- squamose, stuffed with cottony threads ; ring firm, erect, anddeflexed, more or less moveable, beneath, frequently clothed with dingy granules ; gills truly remote, ventricose, rather broad. Spores elliptic, *0003 in. long, flesh tolerably compact. The whole plant when wounded assumes a rich red tint. Smell rather disagreeable. — M. J. B. AGARICINI, 15 24. Agaricus (Xepiota) meleagsris. Sow. “ Sowerfoy’s Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, thin , convex , then plane ; cuticle broken up into black scales ; flesh turning red ; stem solid, squamulose, thickened downwards, and black ; root reticulated ; gills nearly free. — Sow. 171. Berk. Outl.p. 101, no. 50 (sub. Tricholoma ) B. Br. Ann . N.H. 1865. Eng. Fl.v.p. 9. On hot-beds. May — Oct. “ It has a solid stem, and a curious, somewhat reticulated root, in (drying it becomes of a blush-red all over, except the lower part, which retains the darker hue ” — Sow. Stem about 3 in. long, \ in. thick, nearly equal, pileus 1^ in. broad. Stem stouter in proportion than in A. clypeolarius. 25. Agaricus (Xepiota) clypeolazius. Bull. “ Fragrant Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, soft, umbonate, at first with an even crust, at length broken into floecose adpressed scales ; stem fistulose, thin, almost equal; ring evanescent, floccoso-squamose ; gills free, ap- proximate. — Bull. t. 405. 506,/! 2. Tratt.Aust. t. 26. Paul. 1. 136. Eng. FI. v. p. 8. Fr. Icon . 1 . 14,/. 2. Berk. Out.p. 94. Vent. t. 44, /. 3-4. In woods and hot-houses. [United States.] Sweet scented. Variable in colour, white, yellow, pink, rufous, brown, &c, Pileus 1^ in. broad, sub-campanulate, strongly umbonate, whitish, with red- dish scales ; gills numerous, quite free, nearly reaching the stem, ventricose; stem 2-3^ in. high, 2 lines thick, hollow, but stuffed with cottony tibres, whit- ish, pale brownish, or rufescent, the whole clothed with librillose scales. Ring sometimes remaining on the stem, but generally attached to the margin of the pileus, or evanescent. Inodorous and insipid. — M. J. B . 26. Agaricus (Lepiota) csristatus. Fr. “ Stinking Lepiota. 7 ’ Pileus slightly fleshy, rather obtuse, cuticle at first continuous, naked, then broken into sub-granulose scales. Stem fistulose, slender, even, equal ; ring entire, evanescent ; gills free, at length remote. — Fr. Epicr.p. 15. Batsch.f. 205. Price f. 105. Grev t. 176. Krombh. t. 25, /. 26-30. Berk. Outl.pl . 3/ 7. Eng. FI. v. p . 9. Huss. i. t. 48. Berk. Exs. no. 1. In fields, lawns, &c. Common. [United States.] Pretty, and remarkable for its strong scent. Solitary or subgregarious. Pileus |-1^ in. broad, expanded, umbonate, white, the cuticle broken into rufescent scales, which are either flat or reflexed, less frequent on the margin, ring sometimes attached in fragments to the margin, sometimes moveable on the stem, flesh firm, thin ; gills remote, numerous, slightly ventricose, the margin uneven, often imbricated, tinged slightly with yellow. Stem 1-2 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, tough, composed of fibres, smooth or fibrillose, hollow but with a few cottony fibres, flesh towards the base reddish, with a rooting mass of branched fibres. Spores white, elliptic. Smell and taste strong and unpleasant. — M . J. B. 16 AGARICLNX Sect. 3. Annulosi — ring fixed. 27. Agaricus (Lepiota) vittadini. Moretti . “Great white Lepiota.” Pilens fleshy, obtuse, rough with strong wart-like scales ; stem solid, cylindrical, stout, concentrically squarrose ; ring large ; gills free, ventricose, thick. — Moret . Bot. Ital . t. 1. Vitt.Am. 1 . 1. Krombh. t. 276, f. 1-14. Huss. i. t. 85. In pastures. Rare. Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Hunts, &c. A large species of a pure white ; extremely beautiful. Considered poisonous. 28. Agaricus (Lepiota) holosericeus. Fr. “ Silky Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, obtuse, soft, silky fibrillose, becoming even ; stem solid, bulbous, sericeo-fibrillose, ring superior, persistent, broad, reflexed; gills free, yentricose, white, growing pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 16. Smith Seem. Journ . 1868. In moist woods. Staplehurst, Kent. Esculent. Large, inodorous. Pileus fleshy, soft, smooth, convex, then expanded, disc never umbonate, of a floccose silky texture, fragile, entirely uniform in colour, 3 in. or more broad, gills free, broad, ventricose, crowded, pallid; stem solid 2^-4 in. high, ^ in. or more thick, bulbous at the base, soft, fragile, silky fibrous ; ring superior, membranaceous, broad, soft, pendulous and reflexed. Spores '0003 X '0002 in. — W. G. S. 29. Agaricus (Lepiota) naucinus. Fr. “ Large spored Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, soft, cuticle thin, entire, or breaking up into gran- ules, somewhat umbonate and smooth in the centre ; stem almost hollow, thickened at the base, attenuated upwards, fibrillose ; ring large, at length evanescent ; gills approximate, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 16. Krombh. t. 24, f. 20-23. Paul. 1. 150,/. 1-2. Batt.t. 7-9. Vent. t. 48,/. 5-6. In fields. Delicate tan color, the gills at length assuming a dirty pink hue. The large white spores are very characteristic. Easily confounded with A. cretaceus. 30. Agaricus (Lepiota) cepcestipes. Sow. “Onion stemmed Lepiota.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, ovate, then expanded, mealy and scaly, disc fleshy and broadly umbonate ; margin plicate ; stem hollow, floccose, thickest in the middle, or at the base; ring evan- escent ; gills at length remote. — Sow. t. 2. Grev. t. 333. Sturm, t. 1. FI. Dan. 1 . 1798. Eng. FI. v.p. 7. Gard. Chron., 1860,^?. 47. AGARICINI. 17 On tan and eaves in hot-houses. White or yellow, stem variable- Gregarious or tufted. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, ovate conical when young, then campanulate, and finally nearly or quite plane, darkest in the centre, and more or less covered with small scattered fibrous scales, flesh thin, margin very thin, and semitransparent, plicate, substance tough. Gills numerous, thin, broad, rounded near the stem, and separated from it by a circular space, but the stem is not penetrating. Stem 3-6 in. high, straight or crooked, firm, even, smooth, narrow at the top, ventricose, then narrower at the bottom, somewhat pruinose, the centre at first stuffed, then hollow. Ring perfect, erect, persistent. In decay the pileus becomes brownish. — Grev. Spores *0003 X ‘00018 in. — W. G. S. Sect 4. Mesomorphi - — intermediate forms. .31. Agaricus (Lepiota) granulosus. Batsch. “Granular Lepiota.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, soft, mealy with innate granules, stem stuffed, then hollow, nearlyequal, floccoso-squamose below the ring ; gills crowded, reaching the stem, or free, white. — Fr.Epicr. p. 17. Eng.Fl.v.p. 10. Sow. 1 . 19. Bull. t. 362, 530, f. 3, t. 104. Huss. i. t. 45. Batsch. f. 24-97. FI. Dan. 1. 1677, f. 1, t. 1795. Bolt. t. 51,/. 2. In woods and on heaths. [United States.] White, pink, vermilion, yellow, &c. Always easily distinguished by its mealy granular aspect Subgregarious. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, usually dull reddish yellow Fleshy in the centre, at first convex, or obtusely umbonate, at length often plane or depressed, somewhat wrinkled, covered with furfuraceous scales Gills white, or yellowish white, fixed to the stem, ventricose and sometimes nearly free. Stem 1-3 in. high, 1-4 lines thick, slightly incrassated at the base, solid when young, becoming hollow with age, stuffed at the base, sometimes slightly compressed, with a subfugacious flocculose ring about the middle, above which it is slightly fibrillose, beneath it scaly like the pileus. — M. J B. Spores ‘00012 X ‘00015 in.— W. G. S. It is the variety Amianthinus , which is found in this country. 32. Agaricus (Lepiota) polystictus. Berk. “Little brown Lepiota.” Inodorous, fleshy ; cuticle continuous, or broken into scales ; stem attenuated downwards, stuffed with cottony threads, scaly below the fugacious ring, silky above ; gills crowded, rounded be- fore and behind, free, white, with a pale-yellow tinge. — Eng. FL y.p. 9. BerJc. Out.p. 95. Amongst short grass by roadsides. Pileus 1| in- across, not at all campanulate, expanded, and broadly, obtusely umbonate, flesh thick in the centre, firm and tough, the cuticle broken into minute flat scales of a rich red brown. Gills numerous, unequal, rounded be- fore and behind, broad, ventricose, quite free, the margin serrulate, white, with a slight yellowish tinge. Stem 1 in. high, § in. thick in the middle. 18 AGARICINI. divided into two distinct portions, the upper silky, of a pinkish hue, the lower scaly, like the pileus, but the scales browner, attenuated at the base, hollow, stuffed with fine silky filaments, with many branched fibrous roots. Ring fugacious, attached in minute portions to the edge of the pileus. Inodorous and insipid. — M . J. B. Spores ’0001 X *00012 in. — IF. G. S. Sect . 5. Illiniti. — pileus viscid. 33. Agaricus (Lepiota) gliodearmus. Fr . “ Viscid Lepiota.” Pileus thin, soft, campanulate, convex, smooth, even, rufous, viscid ; stem whitish, floccoso-squamose, stuffed with cottony- threads ; ring torn; gills free, white, approximate. — Fr.Hym. Mon.p. 31. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 785. In woods. Aug. Wothorp, near Stamford. Pileus 1J in. across. Stem about 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, dry, as far as the incomplete torn ring floccoso-squamulose, above the ring naked, whitish, or rufescent. Gills broad, crowded, white. Sub-Gen . 3. Armillaria. Fr. S. M., i. p. 26. Veil partial, in infancy attaching the edge of pileus to the upper part of stem, and often forming flocci on the pileus (g); pileus generally fleshy ; stem homogene- ous and confluent with the hymenophore, furnished with a ring (sometimes absent in abnormal specimens), below the ring the veil is concrete with the stem, often forming scales upon it, similar to the scurfy scales on the pileus ; gills broadly touching, or running down the stem. Hab. On the ground, or on stumps of trees. — (. PI . II. , Jig. 3, Ag. melleus.) This subgenus corresponds with Pholiota and Stropha/ria ; it is also allied to Tricholoma , Clitocyle , and Collybia , amongst the white- spored Agarics. Fries subdivides Armillaria into groups, depending on their relations to Fig. 36. one or other of these subgenera. — W. G. S. Sect. 1. Tricholomoidece. 34. Agaxicus (Armillaria) constrictus. Fr. “ White Armillaria.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, even, dry, with an evanescent silky lustre ; stem solid, nearly equal ; ring superior, AGARICHSTI. 19 evanescent; gills emarginate, crowded, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 22, Batt. t. 7 ,/. 4. Eng. FI. v.pt. 2 ,p. 11. Fr. Icon. t. 18,/. 1. In pastures, where the ground is bleached with urine. Bare. North ampt onshir e . Pure white, odour very strong, like that of fresh meal . Pileus obtuse, plano- convex, broadly umbonate, fleshy, shining with a silky lustre, assuming a very pale yellow tint when bruised ; gills close, very deeply emarginate, even when quite young ; stem 2 in. high, \ in. thick, rather flexuous, fibrillose, solid, more lax and fibrdlose within, very brittle ; when young, with a delicate web-like curtain, which soon vanishes ; spores white, subelliptic. — M. J. B. 35. Agaricus (Aarmillazia) ramentaceus. Bull. “Dingy Armillaria.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, villoso-squamose, dry ; stem solid, unequal, scaly; ring inferior, of interwoven flocci ; gills emarginate, crowded, whitish, then discoloured. — Bull. t. 595./. 3, — Berk. Out. p. 96. On the ground. Not common. Whitish or yellowish, scales brown, odour unpleasant. Sect. 2. Clitocyboidece . 38. Agaxicus (Aarmillasria) melleus. Yalil. “ Honey- Coloured Armillaria.” Pileus fleshy, at length plane, clothed with fibrous scales ; margin striate ; stem spongy, stuffed, elastic, fibrillose ; ring floccose, patent ; gills adnate, ending in a decurrent tooth, some- what distant, pallid, then mealy with the profuse white spores, and spotted with reddish-brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 23. Berk. Outl. t. 4:,f. i. Cooke , B. F., t. 3. Fl.Dan. t. 1013. Vitt.Mang. t. 3. Vent, t. 24, t. 25,/. 1, 2. Lenz.f. 7. Price J. 16, 32. Kromb. t. i ./. 13, t. 43,/. 2-6. Card. Chron.(l&§0\p. 5. Badh. i. 1. 16,/. 3,ii. t.9,f. 3. Sow.t. 101. Batt. 1. 11, F. B. Eng. FI. v.p. 12. Gonn.fyRabh. t. 3. Barla. t. 11. A.laricinus. Bolt. t. 19 ? On dead stumps. Very common. [United States.] V; y.. ; v ' Densely csespitose, pale rufous, more or less shaded with yellow. Some- times without a ling. Pileus 2-7 in. across, fleshy, at first convex, then piano-expanded, often sub-umbonate, variously lobed, dirty yellow, brownish yellow, or reddish, rough with reflexed scales, especially towards the centre, which are at first bright wax-yellow, at length dark brown ; margin slightly striate, flesh firm ; gills distant, adnato-decurrent, at first pale, at length reddish, mealy with the white spores ; stem 2-8 in. high, swollen at the base, thinnest in the middle, fibrillose, with a slight yellow pubescence atthe^base, yellowish or reddish, occasionally somewhat scaly near the apex, firm and elastic, solid j ring large, yellow, tumid, spreading ; odour agree- able ; esculent, but not commendable. — M. J. B. Spores *00035 X *00023 in. — W. G. S. (PI. ii. 3 fig. 3 and fig. 36.) 20 AGARICINI. Sect. 3. Collybioidea . 37 . Agaricus (Armillaaria) mucidus. Fr. ‘‘Clammy Ar miliaria.” Pileus thin, soft, convex, then expanded, rugulose, glutinous ; stem stuffed, rigid, thickened at the base ; ring superior, re- flexed, with the margin erect, striate ; gills rounded, striato-de cur- rent, distant, white. — Fr.Epicr.p. 24. FI. Dan. t. 773,1 130,1372. Gard. Cliron ., 1861, p. 576. Tratt. Austr. t. 27. Eng. FI. Y.p. 11. Saund.fy Sm. t. 5. Price ,/. 91. On Beech. [United States.] Pure white, or with a cinereous tinge; csespitose. Pileus 1^ in. broad, white, tinged with brown, hemispherical, clammy, uneven, radiato-rugose, tough ; margin thin, somewhat turned in ; gills broad, distant, rounded behind, but not in front, adnate, margin serrulate ; stem 1^-3 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, bulbous, attenuated upwards, often curved, white, brown at the base, with minute adpressed scales, juicy, solid, with a pale line down the centre ; ring persistent ; margin often brown, and slimy, adhering so closely to the stem by its upper portion as easily to escape notice in an advanced stage of growth. — M. J. B. Spores ’00063 X ‘00053 in. — W. G. S. [Agaricus millus, Sow. is doubtful. Berkeley refers it to A. ( Tricho - loma) terreus , and Smith, following Fries, in “Middlesex Flora,” to Ar miliar ia.~\ Sub-Gen. 4. Tricholoma. Fr. S. M. i., p. 36. Veil absent, or if present, floccose, and adhering to the margin of pileus; pileus generally fleshy; stem homogeneous, and confluent with the hymenophore, central, and subfleshy, without either ring or volva, and with no distinct bark-like coat ; gills sinuate, i. e ., with a sinus (or small sudden curve) near the stem (h). Hab. All the species grow on the ground, the larger in hilly woods, and the smaller in pastures. — ( PI. //., f. 4.) Most of the species grow in the autumn, some very late, but a group of which A. gambosus, Fr, is the type, is strictly vernal , and the species consti- tuting it have long been considered special delicacies ; the greater number of the remaining species are also edible, and have a pleasant odour like tbat of new flour, but a few are rank and suspicious, of which A . saponaceus is an example. A. Limacina — pileus viscid. Sect. 1. Gills white, not changing. 38 . Agaricus (Tricholoma) equestris. Linn. “ Fir-wood Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, compact, convex, then expanded, obtuse, flexuose, squamulose, viscid ; stem solid, obese, sulphur coloured, as well as AGARICmi. 21 the free, crowded gills. — Fr. Epicr. p. 26. Schceff. £.41. Buxb. iv., t. 10. Price ,/. 92. Berk. Out. t. 4,/. 2. Ann.N.H. no. 665. Krornbh . £. 1,/. 16-17. t. 68,/. 18, 21. iTar*. t. 22. Amongst fir leaves. Rare. Pileus yellow, inclining to reddish, 3-5 in. broad, disc and scales darker. Variable in the length and thickness of the stem. Spores '00023 X '00015 in. — W. G. S. 39. Agaricus (Tricholoma) sejunctus. Sow . “ Separating Tricholoma.” Pilens fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, unequal, slightly viscid, streaked with black fibres ; stem solid, stout, ventricose, sub-squamulose ; gills emarginate, broad, rather distant, white. — Sow. 1. 126. Fr. Epicr. p. 26. Eng. FI, Y.p. 19. Berk. Out.p. 97. Fr. Icon, t . 23. In mixed woods. [United States.] Pileus several in. across ; stem 2-3 in. high. Odour unpleasant, taste bitter, margin of the pileus thin, yellow. “ Pileus dirty yellow or nearly white ; gills whitish and thickest near the stem, somewhat flattened, as it were, by separ- ating from it in a peculiar manner, and partly adhering to each other.”— Sow . Spores nearly spherical *00025 in.— W. G. S. 40. Agaricus (Tricholoma) portent osus. Fr. “Dingy Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, sub-umbonate, unequal, viscid, streaked with black innate lines ; margin thin ; stem solid, stout, equal, striate ; gills emarginate, very broad, white, at length distant and pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 27. Ann.N.H. no. 666. Fr.Icon. t. 24a. Harz.t. 73. In woods. Sept. King’s Cliffe. Closely resembling A, sejunctus. Stem 3, sometimes 4-6in. long, 1 in. thick, solid. Pileus 3-5 in. bread, livid or dingy, sometimes with a tinge of violet. Flesh scarcely compact, white. Spores *00018 X *00013 in.— W. G. S. 41. Agaricus (Tricholoma) fucatus. Fr. “ Stained Tricholoma.” Pileus thin, conical, then convex, at length expanded, flexu- ose, viscid, streaked with innate lines ; disc fleshy ; stem solid, somewhat bulbous, squamulose ; gills emarginate, rather crowded, yellowish-white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 27. Eng. FI. Y.p. 116. Fr. Icon. t. 24 b. In pine groves. . The thin pileus, squamulose, sub-bulbous stem, and yellowish gills dis- tinguish it from A. portentosus. Pileus slightly viscid, flesh thick in the 22 AGARICINI. centre, margin thin, yellowish, with cinereous fibrillae, subrimulose, with a satiny lustre. Gills broad, emarginate, slightly wavy, moderately thick, not distant, scarcely connected by veins, with a slight tinge of yellow. Stem tinged with yellow, as is the outer flesh, punctato-squamulose, bulbous, attenuated upwards. Odour like that of new flour. — M. J . B. 42. Agaricus (Tricholoma) spermatic ns. Fr . “Stinking Tricholoma.” White. Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, repand, smooth, viscid ; margin membranaceous, naked ; stem stuffed, then hollow, elongated, twisted, even ; gills emarginate, rather distant, eroded. — Fr. Epicr.p . 27. Paul, t . 45,/. 1-3. Paul, t. 45. In fir woods. Pileus several inches across. Smell strong, unpleasant. Sect. 2. Gills discoloured. 43. Agaricus (Tricholoma) nic titans. Fr. “ Spotted Gills “ Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, viscid, even ; stem stuffed, dry, elastic, nearly equal, squamulose, yel- lowish ; gills from the first rounded behind, free, yellow, crowded, obscurely spotted with reddish brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 28. Bull. t. 574, /. 1. Russ. ii. t. 46. Ann. N.H. no. 667. In woods. Sept. Inodorous. Stem 3 in. long, | in. and more thick. Pileus 3-4 in. broad, viscid, yellowish, disc darker. Spores *0003 X *0002 in.— TP. G. S. 44. Agaricus (Tricholoma) fulvellus. Fr. “Tawny Tricho- loma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, viscid, even, disc darker, punctato-rugose, stem stuffed, then hollow, fibril! ose, whitish, then rufous, naked above ; gills rounded, then emarginate, crowded, white, then rufescent. — Fr. Epicr . p. 28. Ag.fulvus Bull. t. 555, /. 2. Ann. N.H. no. 59. In woods. Inodorous. Considered by Pries (Epicr.) as a variety of A. nictitans . Sometimes the gills and inside of the stem are more or less yellow. Smaller than the last. Spores nearly spherical *00015 in. — - W. G. S. 45. Agaricus (Tricholoma) fiavo-brunneus. Fr. “Yellow- brown Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, conical, then convex, at length expanded, sub- umbonate, viscid, clothed with streak-like scales ; stem hollow, AGARIC INI. 23 somewhat ventricose, fibrillose, at first viscid, yellowish within, tip naked ; gills emarginate, decurrent, crowded, yellowish, then rufous. — Fr . Epicr.p . 29. Letell.f. 707. Fr . Icon . t. 26a. In woods. Odour that of new meal. Stem 3-5 in. long, ^ in. thick, rufescent or brownish. Pileus 3-6 in. broad, disc darker, dingy rufous, or reddish brown. 46. Agaricus (Tricholoma) ustalis. Fr , “ Burnt Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy , convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, viscid; stem stuffed, equal, dry, rufo-fibrillose, apex naked, silky, nearly smooth ; gills emarginate, crowded, white, at length with reddish spots. — Fr. Epicr.p . 29. Mon. Hym. i.p. 58. Batt. 1. 17. c. Chiefly in pine woods. Reigate (W. G. S.) Pileus fleshy, not compact ; hemispherical at first, umbonate, soon plane and obtuse, glabrous, edge not striate, dotted on the disc ; gills emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, moderately broad, white, at length turn- ing red ; stem stuffed, at length hollow, two to three in. long, about half in. thick, equal, dry, fibrous, whitish or turning red, whiter and silky at the apex, but not mealy ; scentless. Spores *0003 X *0002 in..— IP. G. S. 47. Agaricus (Tricholoma) albo-brunneus. P. “White and Brown Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, viscid, streaked ; disc papillose ; stem solid, short, equal, white above and squamulose ; gills emarginate, crowded, white, then brown- ish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 29. Sow. t. 416. Schceff. t. 38. Eng. FI. Y.p. 15. Barla. 1. 12. In woods. Smell like new meal. Caespitose. Pileus 3 in. broad, convex, flattish, very glutinous, dirty white, changing to a ferruginous tint. Gills white or brown, very broad, and sliglitly angular near the stem. Stem 3 in. high, ^ in. thick, generally swollen near the middle, attenuated above and below, towards the base highly ferruginous. When young covered with a shaggy wool, which soon disappears. Remarkably glutinous, so that leaves and sticks which are in contact can scarce be separated without tearing the pileus. The pileus appears when grown to be constantly smooth, but the stem, though occa- sionally smooth, generally has the apex pale and squamulose, and the lower part more or less marked with transverse scales. — M.J.B. Spores ’00014 X *00016 in. — W. G. S. 48. Agaricus (Tricholoma) pessundatus. Fr. “ Overturned Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, compact, convex, very obtuse, repand, viscid, granulose, spotted ; stem solid, firm, at first ovato-bulbose, every- 24 AGARICINI. where villous with whitish scales; gills free, or emarginate, crowded, white, at length spotted with rufous. — Fr. Epicr.p.2%. Mon.Hym. i .p. 58. Sterb. t. 8, A. In pine woods. ( J.A . C.) Pileus compactly fleshy, convex, then expanded, very obtuse, bent, glabrous, never striate, but scaly, spotted, viscid, chestnut or red, paler at the circumference ; gills deeply emarginate, crowded at first, very narrow, shining, then wider and reddish ; stem solid, hard, at first bulbous ; entirely villoso- scaly, at length nearly equal, 2 to 3 ins. long, 1 in. thick, nearly glabrous, white, odour strong, like new meal, taste pleasant, spores *0002 X *0001 in.; allied to A. russula , which is distinguished by its granular rosy pileus.— W. G. S. [Pries places Agaricus frumentaceus , Bull, here, whilst Berkeley removes it to Entoloma , on the ground that the spores are rose-coloured.] B. Flocculosa. — pileus dry, fibrillose. Sect. 1. Gills whitish, not spotted. 49. Agaricus (Tricholoma) rutilans. Schceff. “ Red-haired Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, dry, variegated, as well as the somewhat hollow, soft, ventricose stem, with purplish down ; gills rounded, crowded, yellow ; edge thickened, villous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 30. Schceff. t. 219. Eng. FI. y.p. 17. Sow. t. 31. FI. JDan.t. 1610. Bolt. 1. 14. Buxb.v.t.4:6. Krombh. t. 63,/. 10-12. On pine stumps. Common. Subcsespitose. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, at first hemispherical; or somewhat cylindrical, at length expanded, obtuse, more rarely plane, clothed with a short, dense, crimson-red or olive-purple down, margin involute, white; as the pileus expands the yellow cuticle becomes visible in the interstices of the down, which is then scattered. Gills free, broad, rounded behind, but often when old adnexed, sometimes forked, bright yellow, floccoso-serrate, margin turning sometimes to a rich yellow-brown. Stem 2^-3| in. high, ^-1 in. thick, downy, like the pileus, only the down is shorter, very obtuse at the base, attenuated upwards, solid, then occasionally hollow. Odour strong. Taste bitter. — M. J. B. Spores *00033 X *0002 in.— W. G. S. 50. Agaricus (Tricholoma) scalpturatus. Fr. “ Scratched Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, conical, then convex, and expanded, obtuse, breaking up into floccose, umber, or rufous scales ; stem stuffed, unequal, white, fibrillose ; gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, quite entire, white, then yellowish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 31. Batt ., t. 15 f. (young). A. argyraceus. Eng. FI., No. 36, in part. Fir plantations, borders of woods, &c. Stem solid, 2-3 in. long, lin. thick, firm, closely fibrillose. Pileus 2*3 in. broad, the cuticle breaking up in scattered, floccose, umber, or rufous scales Flesh whitish. AGAPICINI. 25 51. Agaricus (Tricholoma) luri&us. Schceff. “ Lurid Tricho- loma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, snb-repand, dry, smooth, at length breaking up into little fibres ; stem stuffed, stout, un- equal, smooth ; gills emarginate, crowded, dirty white. — Schceff., t. 69. Fr. Epicr. p. 31. Batt ., t. 17. B. Eng . FI. v.p. 16. In woods. Common. [United States.] Subgregarious. Pileus 3 in. broad, at first convex, then expanded, often lobed and waved, brown or greyish, with tints of yellow, sub-umbonate, fibrilloso- striate, fleshy ; flesh firm. Gills broad, thick, rounded behind, nearly free, but annexed by a small tooth, connected by veins, much broken or notched. Stem 2-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, obese, nearly equal, or slightly attenuated, solid, minutely and closely fibrillose, pulverulento- squamulose above, where it is yellowish, undulated, sometimes of a beauti- ful red when bruised. Odour like new flour. — Eng. FI. 52. Agaricus (Tricholoma) columbetta. Fr. “Dove-colour Tricholoma.” White ; pileus fleshy, ovate, then expanded, obtuse, rigid, sub- flexuose, at first smooth, then silky, fibrillose, or squamulose ; margin involute, at first tomentose ; stem solid, stout, unequal, striate, nearly smooth; gills emarginate, crowded, thin, somewhat serrulated. — Fr. Epicr. p. 33. Kromb. t. 25,/. 6-7. Letell. t. 625. Fr. Icon. t. 29 h. Sterb. t. $.B. fyc. Eng. FI. v. p. 19. Ann. N. H ., no. 259. In woods. Oct. [United States.] Pileus 1^-4 in. broad, convex, silky, centre dilute mouse colour, lightly shaded off, border white when young, sometimes tinged with pink, cracking with age. Gills fixed, white, brittle. Stem 2 in. high, 3-6 lines thick, solid, white, cylindrical, often compressed, crooked, silky, central when young, not always so in a more advanced age.— With . Sometimes the pileus is white, spot- ted with reddish, or with a yellowish tinge. Spores ‘00023 + *00018 in.— * Sect. 2. Gills discoloured, or spotted. 53. Agaricus (Tricholoma) imbricatus. Fr. “Imbricated Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, compact, convex, then expanded, obtuse, dry, innato-squamulose ; margin at first inflexed, pubescent ; stem solid, stout, pruinose above ; gills emarginate, adnexed, somewhat crowded, white, then becoming rufescent. — Epicr. p. 33. Schceff. t. 25. Berk. Outl. t. 4,/. 3. Eng. FI. y.p. 17. Fr. Icon. t. 30. In fir woods. c 26 AGARIC1HI. Gregarious. Pileus 2-3^ in. broad, dry, obtuse, at first subconic, then convex, expanded, sometimes plane, very broadly umbonate, flesby, rich red brown, fibrilloso-squamulose, rimulose, tbe umbo darker, with the fibrils closer ; occasionally the pileus is scarcely squamulose, but clothed with ad- pressed silky fibrils. Margin involute, paler, tomentose. Gills slightly rounded behind, subadnate with a minute tooth, or nearly free, umber when bruised, not very broad. Stem 2^-4 in. high, in. thick, firm, stufled, at length more or less hollow, sometimes strongly attenuated, sometimes in- crassated at th e base, fibrillose, colour of the pileus, nearly white above, where it is, squamulose or pubescent.— M. J. B. Spores *00023 X *00018 in. — W. G. S. 54. Agazicus (Tricholoma) vaccinus. P. “ Scaly Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, dry, rough with floccose scales ; margin involute, tomentose ; stem hollow, equal, fibrillose ; gills fixed, somewhat distant, white, at length rufescent. — Pers. Syn. 293. Fr. Epicr. p.33. Batsch.f. 116. Pers . Ic. fy Desc. t. 2,/. 1-4. Eng. FI. v.p. 17. In fir woods. Sept. Oct. [Carolina, U.S.] Pileus 1-2 in. broad, campanulate when young, clothed with scales, those in the centre thick, broad, short, on the margin consisting of fasciculate hairs. Gills rather broad, emarginate, nearly free, at first dirty white, in age of a rufous hue, margin generally stained with rusty spots. Stem 3-4 in. high, ^in. thick, beset with hairy scales, which mostly point upwards, paler than the pileus, whitish above, base clothed with white down. Yeil fugacious. Taste bitter. — Pers . 55. Agazicus (Tricholoma) czassifolius. Berk. “ Thick gilled Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, waved, minutely adpresso-squamulose, umbonate, ochraceous ; disc umber ; stem solid, nearly equal, pruinose ; gills thick, moderately distant, nearly free, at length yellowish, stained with brown. — Outl.p. 100. A.pachyphyllus. Eng. FI. ,p. 16. In fir woods. Gregarious. Pileus 2-4 in. across, rather wavy, umbonate, at length often depressed, ochraceous, shaded towards the centre with umber, minutely squamulose, sometimes (when old) the epidermis cracks in broad scales, flesh very firm. Gills slightly adnexed or nearly free, acute behind, moderately distant, thick, fleshy, acquiring at length an ochraceous hue, here and there stained with umber. Stem l|-2 in. long, f of an in. thick, solid, nearly equal, pruinose, much paler than the pileus . Odour rather strong. — Eng . FL 56. Agazicus (Tzicholoma) muzinaceus. Bull . “ Mouse Colour Tricholoma.” Pileus thin, firm, brittle, at first campanulate, then expanded, cracked, streaked, silky, dry ; stem stout, cracked, and streaked with minute black scales, solid ; gills very broad, undulated, AGARICHSTI. 27 distant, more or less anastomosing, brittle, cinereous, often marked with raised lines ; edge at length black. — Sow . t. 106. Bull . t . 520. Ann. N.H., no. 261. In woods. Sept. Not common. Very different from Hygrojphorus murinaceus , Fr. Pilens 4^ in. across, at first campanulate, slightly umbonate, then expanded, thin, firm, but very brittle, mouse-coloured, cracked and virgate, silky, not the least viscid, flesh white ; taste rather acrid ; smell not nitrous. Stem 3 in. high, 1 in. thick at the top, cracked and streaked, silky, with minute black scales, solid but fibrous, not the least stuffed or hollow ; gills very broad, undulate, distant, having a tendency to become forked and anastomosing, brittle, often marked with raised lines, cinereous, powdery, interstices slightly veined, edge at length black.— if. J. B. Spores *00019 X *00014 in. — W. G S. 57. Agaricus (Tricholoma) terreus. ScJiceff. “ Grey Tricholoma.” Pilens fleshy, soft, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, dry, clothed with innate, floccose, or scaly down ; stem stuffed, nearly equal, adpresso-fibrillose, whitish ; gills adnexed, with a decurrent tooth, crenulate, pale-grey. — Schceff. t. 64. Fr. Epicr. p. 34. Letell. t. 663. Sow. t. 76. Paul. 1. 116. Vent. t. 45, f. 4, 5. A. multiformis. Eng . FI. v.p. 18. In woods, especially of fir. Gregarious, often in large rings, or solitary. Pileus 1-2| in. broad, conic when young, with a delicate arachnoid veil, then obtuse, expanded, quite plane, variously waved, sometimes minutely umbonate, thin, mouse-grey, or very dark cinereous, clothed with flat and matted down, with sometimes a few depressed or raised squamules of the same colour, margin indexed ; flesh cinereous ; gills rather distant, broad, the margin wavy, more or less rounded behind, and attached by a tooth, more or less cinereous, especially when young, with a few indistinct connecting veins ; stem 1-3 in. high, in. thick, stuffed, at length hollow, fibrillose sericeous, sometimes a little pulverulent, white, the base occasionally sub-rufescent ; pileus and stem very brittle. — M. J. B. Spores nearly spherical *0002 in. — W. G. S. ( PI. //., fig . 4, reduced.) C. Bigida — granulate or squamulose. Sect. 1. Gills whitish. 58. Agaricus (Tricholoma) saponaceus. Fr. “ Strong Scented Tricholoma.” Strong scented, firm. Pileus rather compact, convex, then ex- panded, obtuse, dry, smooth; then rimoso-squamose or punctate ; margin at first naked ; stem solid, unequal ; gills uncinato-margi- nate, distant, thin, quite entire, white then pallid, sometimes greenish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 35. Bull. t. 602. Sow. t. 281. Batsch. t. c 2 28 AGARICINI. 36,/. 203 a. b. B.andBr. Ann. N.H., 1866, no. 1106. A.argy - raceus. Eng. FI. ( in part.) In woods. Sept. Stem 2-3 in. long, |in. or more thick, unequal or curved, base attenuated, rooting. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, whitish, cinereous, greenish or blackish, mar- gin thin, at first indexed. Spores *0002 X *00015 in. — W. G. S. 59. Agaricus (Tricholoma) cartilagineus. Bull. “ Cartilaginous Tricholoma.” Cartilaginous, elastic, rather fragile ; pileus fleshy, convex, bullate, gibbous, undulated, smooth ; cuticle rimulose, finely dotted with black ; stem stuffed, equal, stout, lineato-striate, somewhat mealy ; gills slightly emarginate, adnexed, crowded , pal- lid. — Bull. t. 589,/. 2. Fr. Epicr.p. 37. Sm. Journ. Bot. iii.^.28. In grassy spots. Smell like that of new flour. Pileus 2-3 in. or more broad, stem short and firm, but fragile, 1-2 in. long. 60. Agaricus (Tricholoma) cimeifolius. Fr. “ Wedge-gill Tricholoma.” Very brittle; pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane, dry, smooth, but soon cracked; stem, hollow, attenuated downwards, white, pruinose above ; gills thin, crowded, white, broad in front, obliquely truncate, attenuated behind, with a decurrent tooth. — Fr. Epicr.p. 37. Eng. FI. v. p. 44. Bull. t. 580,/. A.B. Batsch. f. 206. In pastures. Not uncommon. Pileus about 1 in. broad, brownish or subochraceous, subcarnose, at first conic, obtuse, afterwards expanded, with a strong umbo, much waved and split at the margin, which is at first involute, and minutely tomentose, the surface rimose ; gills distant, broad in front, ventricose, acutely arcuato- adnate, thick, connected and traversed by veins, white, with a slight reddish cinereous tinge ; stem 1-1^ in, high, 2-4 lines thick, nearly equal, stuffed, at length hollow, pruinose above, with sometimes a few superficial squamules towards the base, smell like new meal. — M. J. B. Spores nearly spherical *00018 in.*— W. G. S. Sect. 2. Gills rufescent or cinereous. 61. Agaricus (Tricholoma) colossus. Fr. “ Colossal Tricholoma.” Large, very hard, pileus compact, very thick, hemispherical, then expanded, smooth, at length diffracto-squamulose, margin at first involute, at length unrolled and flexuous, stem quite solid, at first tuberous, apex constricted, smooth, white, below and within AGARICINI. 29 brick-red ; gills rounded, crowded, tbin, white, then broad, and of a pallid brick-red. — Fr. Epicr. p. 38. Mon. Hym. i. p. 47. leones, t. 21. Woods. Near Taunton. — (J. A. C.) Pileus when young tuberiform, emerging from the earth in a bulbous form, narrowly involute at the margin, surrounding the narrow part of the stem ; then hemispherical, at length unrolled, plano-convex and depressed, always very obtuse, when expanded a span or more wide, scaly. Gills rounded, free, but on account of the obliquity of the stem, emarginate, decurrent, at first narrow and crowded, white, then broader, more distant, entire, at length \ in. broad, fragile, lacerated, pale brick red; stem solid, flesh everywhere simi- lar and very compact, 3 to 4 in. long, ovato-bulbous at the base, but very much narrowed at the apex, 2 in. thick, the bulbous part glabrous, but fibroso- lacerated, tawny, the narrow part floccose and shining ; veil obsolete, unless the flocci on the apex of the stem are considered a rudimentary one ; flesh dry, very hard, extremely fibrous when broken, passing into a brick-red color, at first scentless, then with a smell of cheese, or fresh meal. Spores *0002 X *00015 in. — W. G. S. Sericella — pileus at first silky. Sect. 1. Strong scented. 62. Agaricus (tricholoma) sulfureus. Bull. “Sulphury Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, rather umbonate, un- equal, at first slightly silky, then smooth and even; stem stuffed, sub-equal, slightly striate ; gills distant, arcuato-adfixed, sulphur- coloured as well as the stem. — Bull. t. 168. Fr. Epicr. p. 40. Vent. t. 23, f. 4-5. BerJc. Outl. t. 4,/. 4. Sow. t. 44. Smith , P.M. y /. 23. FI. Dan. 1. 1910,/. 1. Paul. t. 85,/. 3-4. Eng. FI. v. p. 42. In woods. Common. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, fleshy, obtuse, at length expanded or depressed, with a slight appearance of an umbo, sometimes flexuous and irregular, dirty yel- low, or ochraceous umber, darker in the centre, the margin at first involute , and minutely tomentose, the whole clothed with extremely minute silkiness oi* squamules, so as to give it a pulverulent appearance, retaining the impres • sion of the fingers ; flesh yellow ; gills sub-distant, rounded, flexuous, emar- ginate, or arcuato-adnate ; stem 2 in. or more high, 4 lines thic q occasionally sub-bulbous, stuffed, sometimes at length hollow, the surface of the cavity rather slimy, yellow within, furnished at the base occasionally with many rather strong, yellow, fibrous roots ; odour disagreeable, taste unpleasant. — M. J. B. 63. Agaricus (Tricholoma) bufonius. P. “Toad-like Tricholoma.” Pileus flesby, convex, then expanded, sub-umbonate, at first silky, then smooth, punctato-rugose, opaque ; stem stuffed, equal, flocculose ; gills arcuate, somewhat decurrent, rather distant, of 30 AGARICINI. a yellow tan-colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 40. Bull, t. 545, f. 2-0. Ann, N.H.no. 786. In pine woods. Nov. Coed Coch. Pileus purplish, brownish, tan-coloured, .&c ; stem 2-4 in. long, flocculose; gills rather more crowded, and paler than in Ag, sulfureus . 64. Agaricus (Tricholoma) lascivus. Fr. “ Tarry Tricholoma.” Pilens fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, somewhat de- pressed, at first silky, then smooth and even ; stem solid, equal, rigid, rooting, white, tomentose at the base ; gills arcuate, ad- nexed, crowded, white, — Fr. Epicr. p. 40. Eng. Fl.Y.p. 42. In woods. Pileus pale tan-coloured, 2^ in. broad, convex, at length depressed, firm, fleshy, under the lens minutely adpresso-silky, margin at first involute, flesh white ; gills white, when young arcuato-adnate, nearly horizontal, when old sub-decurrent, very brittle, not very close; stem firm, solid, more or less fibrillose, or fibrilloso-squamose, fibrillae curved up from below, paler than the pileus, rooting, downy at the base, not bulbous, apex pruinose ; odour of gas tar.— M. J. B. 66. Agaricus (Tricholoma) inamaenus. Fr . “Unpleasant Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, rather umb on ate, slightly silky at first, then smooth and even ; stem solid, equal, rooting, white ; gills arcuato-adfixed, decurrent, very distant, white. — Fr . Epicr. p. 40. Eng. FI. y.p. 43. In woods. Oct. Pileu3 1-3 in. broad, convex, with or without an umbo, fleshy, but not very thick on the margin, under the lens adpresso-silky, white, with a slight tinge of ochre in the centre, often minutely cracked ; gills broad, distant, emargi- nate ; stem 2 in. or more long, 3-6 lines thick, equal, tough, not always root- ing ; odour strong. — M. J.B. Sect. 2. Inodorous ; small. 66, Agaricus (Tricholoma) ionides. Bull. “ Purplish Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, canlpanulate, convex, then expanded, umbonate, even, nearly smooth, changing colour ; margin at first flocculose; stem stuffed, elastic, attenuated, fibrillose ; gills emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, eroded, white, then pallid. — Bull, t. 533,/*. 3. Fr. Epicr. p. 41. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 902. A. purpureus . Bolt. $.41. In woods. Pileus 1-3 in. broad ; stem 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick. AGARICLNT. 81 67. Agaricus (Tricholoma) pseonms. Fr. “Pseony Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, sub-repand, very obtuse, even, silky, then nearly smooth, margin flocculose ; stem hollow, soft, equal, fragile, persistently fleshy-red ; gills rounded, free, ventri- cose, crowded, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 42. Mon. Hym. i. p. 81. Amongst grass and moss. Oct. Burnham Beeches. — C.E.B. Pileus very obtuse, ^in. broad, of a persistent red colourj stem about 1 in. long, 2-3 lines thick. 68. Agaricus (Tricholoma) carneus. Bull. “ Flesh-coloured Tricholoma.” Pileus rather fleshy, hemispherical, or convex, then plane, or depressed, obtuse, even, nearly smooth, becoming pallid; stem stuffed, short, rigid, thickened upwards, pruinose, reddish ; gills very broad behind, rounded, crowded, white. — Bull. t. 533,/. 1. Fr. Epicr.p. 42. Eng. FI. v.p. 30.* Krornbh. t. i.f. 30. In pastures. Pileus seldom exceeding one inch, plane, sub-carnose, often slightly umbo- nate, firm, shining rufous pink, rather undulated, flesh white ; gills white, crowded, rounded behind, with a short decurrent tooth ; stem 1 in. high, 1 \ lines thick, same colour as the pileus, stuffed beldw, at length hollow, fre- quently splitting, minutely squamulose.— M. J.B. Spores *0001 X *00007 in. — W. G.S. E. Guttata — pileus rivulose, &c. 69. Agaricus (Tricholoma) gambosus. Fr. “ St. George’s Mushroom.” Pileus thick, fleshy, convex, then expanded, undulate, obtuse, moist, smooth, spotted, at length cracked ; margin involute at first ; stem solid, stout, equal, flocculose at the apex ; gills emar- ginate, with an adnexed tooth, ventricose, crowded, yellowish- white. — Epicr.p. 43. Ann. N.H. , no. 140. Berk. Outl. t.4,f. 5. Sow.t. 281. Vent, t . 11. Huss. i. t. 83. Smith E. M.f. 19. Cooke B.F. t. 9. Krornbh. t. 63,/. 18-22. Gard. Chron. (1860) p. 672, Jig. Trans. Woolh. Cl. (1868) 1. 12. Badh. i. 1. 1 , ii. t. i.f. 1 . In pastures. May. June. Esculent. . Pileus white or slightly . tinged with ochre, growing in rings ; variable in size ; smell strong. This is the Agaricus prunulus of some authors. Spores •00052 X *0004 in.- W. G. S. 32 AGARICINI. 70. Agaricus (Tricholoma) albellus. D. C. “ Confluent Tricho- loma.” Pileus at first conical, then expanded, smooth, moist, spotted as if with scales ; disc compact, sub-umbonate ; margin thin, even, naked ; stem solid, ovato-bulbous, fibrilloso-striate ; gills attenu- ated behind, and adnexed without a tooth, crowded, entire, white, broadest in front. — Fr. Epicr.p. 44. Paul. t. 95,/. 1-8. Schceff. t. 50. Tratt. Aust . t. 20. Sow. t. 122. Smith. Seem. Journ. (1866) t. 46,/. 45. On the ground. Pare. Esculent. The stem of the fresh plant has a slight inclination to be silky outside, be- coming ultimately stuffed or inclined to hollow within, whilst the word “ mottled ” would give a better idea of the pileus than “spotted after the fashion of scales this part of the plant is very conical and fleshy. Spores very small, ovoid, *0001 in. long. — W. G. S. 71. Agaricus (Taricholoma) monstrosus. Sow. “ Monstrous Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, at first convex and umbonate, at length waved and lobed, opaque as if white-washed ; margin inflexed ; stem com- pressed, solid, streaked, opaque white, tomentoso-squamulose above, slightly rooting ; gills moderately distant, scarcely rounded behind, but not truly decurrent, cream coloured.— Sow. t. 283. Fr. Epicr.p . 104. On the ground. Probably esculent. Often densely csespitose, and then not compressed. 72. Agaricus (Taricholoma) immundus. Berk. “ Dirty Tricholoma.” Csespitose, fleshy, pileus at first convex, dirty white, stained with bistre, minutely silky ; margin inflexed, silky or minutely scabrous, and squamulose ; stem fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus ; gills sub-cinereous, with a pinkish tinge, marked with transverse lines, emarginate. — -Berk. Outl.p. 103, no. 57. Amongst short grass, on sheep’s dung. Pileus 2 in. or more across ; every part blackish when bruised ; border de- flexed ; spores white. — M.J.B. 73. Agaaricus (Tricholoma) tigrinus. Fr. “ Spotted Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, conical, convex, then expanded, contorted, or cracked, moist, smooth, spotted with black ; margin even ; stem AGARICINI. 33 solid, stout, somewhat pruinose, striate, swollen at the base ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, at length distant, white, then dingy. — Fr. Epicr.p. 45. Schceff. t. 89. Under firs. Reigate. — W. G. S. Odour foetid ; spores nearly round, ‘0003 in. ; pileus 2-3 in. broad; stem 1^ in. long, ^ line thick. Fries does not consider this distinct from A. graveolens. F. Spongiosa — pileus moist, compact, or spongy. 74. Agaricus (Tricholoma) albus. Fr. “White Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then depressed, obtuse, smooth, even, dry ; margin at first involute, at length repand; stem solid, firm, elastic, equal, smooth ; gills rounded behind, fixed, crowded, thin, broad, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 47. Berk. Outl. t. 4,/. 6. Bull. t. 536. Batt. t. 20,/. 1. In woods. White or shaded with yellow; variable in size ; stem solid, 3 in. long, \ in. and more thick; pileus 3-4 in. broad, tough, very dry, and smooth. Spores '0001 X ‘0002 in.— IF. G. S. 75. Agaricus (Tricholoma) acerhus. Bull. “ Bitter Tricholoma. ' Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, rather spotted; margin thin, strongly involute, sulcate ; stem solid, blunt, yellowish, squamulose above ; gills emarginate, crowded, pallid, then inclined to rufous. — Bull. t. 571,/. 2. Fr. Epicr.p. 49. Ann . N.H. no. 668. Vent. t. 38,/. 7-8. In woods. Not common. Pileus 3-4 in. across ; white, tinged with yellow, at length stained. Re- markable for its bitter taste, and involute sulcate margin. Spores *00017 in. diameter. — W.G. S. G. Hygrophana — pileus thin, at length soft, moist, hygrophanous. 76. Agaricus (Tricholoma) grammopodius. Bull. “Ring Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, or convex, then expanded or de- pressed, umbonate, smooth, moist ; stem stuffed, elastic, sulcate, smooth, attenuated upwards ; gills arcuate, adnate, crowded, white. — Bull. t. 548-585,/. 1. Fr. Epicr.p. 50. Huss. ii. t. 41. Bolt. t. 40? Eng. FI. Y.p. 37. Ann. N.H. no. 61. In pastures forming rings. c 5 34 AGARICINI. Large, brownish grey; pileus 3-5 in. broad, fleshy, margin thin, rather brittle, convex, firm, campanulate, then somewhat plane, also depressed and repand: gills not decurrent, narrow, sometimes divided; stem 3 in. high, \ in. thick, firm, of the colour of the pileus, thickened at the base, and villous.— Fries* 77. Agaricus (Tricholoma) melaleucus. P. “Changeable Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, smooth, moist, changing colour ; stem stuffed, thin, elastic, some- what smooth, whitish, sprinkled with a few fibrils, thickened at the base; gills emarginate, adnexed, ventricose, crowded, white. — Fr. Epicr.p . 51. Buxb. iv. t. 12,/. 2. On the ground. Stem stuffed, then hollow, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lin. thick, whitish, with darker striae ; pileus 1^-3 in. broad, dingy black, then livid brown, pale when dry; flesh soft, white. 78. Agaricus (Tricholoma) brevipes. Bull. “ Short-stemmed Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, soft, convex, then plane, even, smooth, opaque when dry, umber, growing pallid ; stem solid, firm, rigid, very short, sub-incrassated, brown ; gills emarginate, crowded, ventri- cose, brownish, then dirty white. — Bull. t. 521,/. 2. Paul. t. 44, /. 1-2. Fr. Ep.p . 51. Seem . Journ. (1869) t. 95, /. 1-4. Kl. FI. Boruss. t. 374. In plantations. June. Esculent. Pileus about 2 in. broad. Stem brown within and without, bulbous, very short. Spores *00032 X *0002 in. — W. O. S. 79. Agaricus (Tricholoma) humilis. Fr. “ Dwarf Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, soft, umbonate, then convexo-plane or depressed, even, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin thin, extending beyond the gills ; stem stuffed, short, equal, fragile, pallid, villoso-pulveru- lent ; gills rounded (with a decurrent tooth), crowded, ventricose, whitish. — Fr. Epiar.p. 52. Buxb. iv. t. 32. A. blandus , Eng. FI. No. 41, Y.p. 20. Awn. N.H. no. 260. On the ground and amongst grass. [United States.] Pileus 2|in. broad, plano-convex, umbonate, very minutely pulverulento- tomentose, so that when touched the impression of the fingers remains upon it, not brittle, moderately fleshy, dry, the margin sometimes undulate, grey- lilac, with a tinge of brown on the umbo. When young sometimes browner, the edge white, and minutely downy ; gills broad, rounded behind and nearly free, white, margin undulate, brittle, becoming rather brown at the edge as they dry. Stem 2 in. high, 2 lines thick, f in. at the base, sub-bulbous, and AGARICINI. 35 brownish at the base, the brown colour penetrating the flesh to the centre, solid, rather brittle, pulverulento-squamulose at the apex, subfibrilloso-rimose below, with a little down at the base. Spores white, round. — M. J . B. 80. Agaricus (Tricholoma) subpul verulentus. Pers. “Lus- trous Tricholoma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded or depressed, even, with an innate, white, pruinose lustre ; margin indexed ; stem solid, equal, smooth, somewhat striate ; gills rounded (without a tooth), crowded, narrow, white. — • Fr . Epicr.p. 52. Russ. ii. t. 39. Ann. N.H. no. 669. In pastures. Oct. Pileus 2 in. across. Dirty white, or greyish, with a white lustre. Spores *0001 X *00018 in. — W. G. S. Sub-Gen . 5. Clitocybe. Fr. S. M. i. p. 78. Pileus generally fleshy in the disc, obtuse, plane or depressed, hygrophanous, or not hygrophanous ; stem confluent and homo- geneous with the hymenophore, elastic, with a fibrous outer coat, covered with minute fibres ; gills acutely adnate, or decur- rent. — PI. II., fig. 5. Hab. All are terrestrial. The species are generally small, though some are very large ; many possess an agreeable odour, but few only are known to be edible. Most of the species appear late in the autumn or in early winter. — W. G. >8. A. Disciformes — pileus flattened. Sect. 1. Pileus cinereous or tawny. 81. Agaricus (Clitocybe) nebularis. Batsch. “ Clouded Clitocybe.” Pileus fleshy, compact, convex, then expanded, obtuse, even, at first clouded with grey, then naked ; stem stuffed, firm, fibril- loso-striate ; gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, crowded, white, then pallid. — Batsch. f. 193. Eng. FI. v.p. 34. Fr. Epicr.p. 55. Smith E.M.f. 24. FI. Dan. t. 1734. Gard. Chron. (1860) p. 145, Jig. Bull . t. 400. Ag. turgidus , Grev. t. 9. Russ. ii. t. 9. Badh. i. t. 9,/. 1, ii. t. 4, f. 2. Berk, ex s. no. 2. In woods. Common. Esculent. [United States.] Stem 3 in. long, about an in. thick, fibrilloso-striate, white. Pileus fleshy, 3-5 in. broad, clouded with grey, or dingy brown, at length grey, sometimes pruinose. Spores *00017 X *0001 in.— W. G. S. 36 AGAPICINI. 82. Agaaricus (Clitocybe) inomatus. Sow. “ Grey Clitocybe.” Pileus fleshy, plane or depressed, obtuse, even, smooth ; cuticle separable ; stem solid, nearly equal, smooth, firm, grey, as well as the adnate, plane, at length decurrent, crowded gills. — Sow. t. 342. Fr. Epicr. p. 57. Eng. FI. v. p. 37. Amongst grass. Pileus 3 in. broad, fleshy, plane, or subdepressed, margin turned in. Gills of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 2 in. long, | in. thick, paler than the pileus.— M. J. B. Sect. 2. Pileus brightly coloured. 83. Agaaricus (Clitocybe) vearnicosus. Fr. “Varnished Clitocybe.” Pileus fleshy, depressed, obtuse, even, smooth, shining ; stem stuffed, equal, short, yellow, as well as the adnate, slightly de- current, rather distant gills. — Fr. Epicr. p. 60. Berk. Out.p. 108. Sore. t. 366. In fir woods. Not found since the time of Sowerby. Pileus 3 in. across, pinkish or tawny. Stem short, yellow. 84. Agaaricus (Clitocybe) odoarus. Bull. “ Sweet Clitocybe.” Dirty green, tough. Pileus fleshy, at length plane, even, sub- repand, smooth ; stem stuffed, elastic, unequal, smooth, base in- crassated ; gills adnate, scarcely crowded, broad, pallid. — Sow . t. 42. Price,/. 70. Bull. t. 176, 556,/. 3. Grev. t. 28. FI. Dan. t. 1611. Fr. S.M. \.p. 90. Eng.Fl.v.p. 36. Krornbh. *.67,/. 20-22. Berk, ex s. no. 6. In woods. Aug. — Nov. Strong smell of aniseed. [Carolina, U.S.] Pileus 3 in. broad, plano-convex, with or without an umbo, smooth, lurid pale green, sometimes here and there whitish, so as to appear zoned, fleshy, but rather watery, flesh dull dirty white, margin not striate, but sometimes transparent, in the young plant inflected, tomentose, gills pale, rather waved, decurrently adnate, the interstices wrinkled. Stem 2 in. high, 4 lines thick, firm, somewhat flexuous, subfibrillose, with a little scattered down, stuffed, attenuated towards the base, which is downy, and furnished with strong- branched, greenish, or whitish roots. — M.J.B. Spores nearly spherical *00025 in. — W. G. S. Sect. 3. Pileus white. 85. Agaaricus (Clitocybe) cerussatus. Fr. “ White-lead Clito- cybe.” White. Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, even, moist, soon smooth ; stem spongy, solid, tough, elastic, naked ; AGARICINI. 37 gills adnate, very crowded, thin, then decnrrent, unchanged in colour.— Fr. Epicr. p. 61. El. Dan. t. 1796. Ann. N.H. no. 670. In fir woods. April. — Sept. Probably esculent. Not umbonate as A. opacus. Often gregarious. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, a little convex, soon plane, and obtuse, ratber shining. Gills not decurrent. Stem 2 3 in. high, somewhat thickened at the base, furnished frequently with fib- rillose radicles. —Fries. Forming very large rings. Sometimes producing a merulioid hymenium on the top of the pileus.— M. J. B. Spores nearly spheri- cal -00013 in. — W. G. S. 86. Agaricus (Clitocybe) phyllophilus. Fr. “ Leaf-loving Clitocybe.” White. Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, soon depressed and nmbilicate, even, dry ; marked with a white lustre round the mar- gin ; stem stuffed, then hollow, spongiose and fibrillose ; gills ad- nate, decnrrent, moderately distant, white, then yellowish. — Epicr. p. 62. Eng. FI. v.p. 34. El. Dan. t. 1847. Amongst leaves in woods. Sept. [Carolina, U.S.] Generally sweet-scented, sub-csespitose. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, slightly fleshy, when young nearly plane, sometimes repand. Stem 2-3 in. long, obliquely rooted at the base.— Fries. Spores *00024 X *00013 in. — W. G. S. 87. Agaricus (Clitocybe) pithyophilus . Fr. “Fir-wood Clitocybe.” White; pileus fleshy, thin, becoming plane, umbilicate, smooth, growingpale; stem nearly hollow, round, then compressed, smooth (whitish tomentose at the base) ; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, plane, always white. — Fr. Ep.p. 62. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866) no. 1107. In fir woods. Oct. Coed Coch. Gregarious, sub-csespitose; pileus 2-3 in. broad, even, smooth, flaccid, dirty white when moist, white when dry. 88. Agaricus (Clitocybe) candicans. Fr. “ Whitish Clitocybe.” White ; pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, or de- pressed, even, shining, with a thin dead white film ; stem sub- fistulose, even, waxy, shining ; gills adnate, crowded, thin, at length decnrrent. — Fr. Epicr. p. 63. Bull. t. 575, f. E. FI. Dan. t. 2021,/. 1. Bolt. f. 11. Eng. FI. v.p. 36. Amongst leaves in woods. [Carolina, U. S.] Pileus 1 in. across; when moist white, when dry dead white, sub-carnose, tough, regularly deflexed at the margin, rarely sub-deformed ; gills rather close; stem 1-2 in high, 1-2 lines thick, nearly equal, incurved at the base, rooted and villous, the rest smooth ; aberrant forms numerous. — Fries . 38 AGARICINI. 89. Agaricus (Clitocybe) dealbatus. P. “Ivory Clitocybe,” White ; pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane, and revolute, even, smooth, somewhat shining; stem stuffed, fibrous, thin, equal, sub-pruinose above ; gills adnate, crowded, thin, white. — Fr. Epicr.p . 63. Eng. FI. v.p. 36. Sow. 1 . 123. Cooke , B. F. 1 . 10 a. Gard. Chron. (1861),^. 312. Smith E. M., f. 27. Hogg fy Johnst. t. 10. In fir plantations, &c. Esculent. Gregarious ; pileus 1 in. or more, sometimes cup-shaped, innato-pruinose under a lens, dirty white, cream coloured, or roseate ; gills adnate, at first slightly emarginate, brittle, white, moderately broad ; stem 1 in. high, 2 lines thick, often curved, farinaceous, stuffed, occasionally hollow above when old; odour fungoid ; spores white, round. A variety sometimes occurs on old mush- room beds, which is csespitose, 1-2 in. or more across, lobed and undulate. Spores *00016 X *00007 in.— IF. G. S. 90 Agaricus (Clitocybe) gallinaceus. Scop. “Acrid Clitocybe.” White, acrid ; pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then depressed, even, dry, opaque ; stem solid, equal, thin, even ; gills sub-decur- rent, crowded, thin. — Fr. Epicr.p. 63. Bolt. t. 4, f. 2? Huss. 1, t. 39. In pastures. Common. Strong odour. Pileus opaque, dirty white, about 1 in. across ; stem 2 in. in length. B. Difformes — pileus irregular. Sect. 1. Pileus cinereous or dark brown. 91. Agaricus (Clitocybe) elixus. Sow. “Sodden Clitocybe.” Pileus umbonate, at first convex, at length variously depressed, dingy, minutely tomentose and streaked ; stem even, nearly of the same colour as the pileus ; gills decurrent, distant, white. — Sow. t. 172. Berk. Outl.p. 109, no. 82. Ann. N.H. no. 264. In woods. Oct. Pileus 2-3 in. across, at first strongly umbonate, obconical, at length flat, or even depressed, with the border flexuous, not the least involute ; disc fuli- ginous, very minutely virgate, border whitish, with dingy sodden spots, not viscid ; stem 1 in. high, f in. thick, or 2 in. high, \ in. thick, dingy, like the pileus, clothed with matted down, which reaches to the base of the gills, often smooth at the base, which is buried amongst leaves, solid, mottled within, slightly discoloured beneath the cuticle ; gills very distant, decurrent, white, interstices more or less veined.— M. J. B . AGARIC INI. 39 92. Agaricus (Clitocybe) fumosus. P. “ Smoky Clitocybe.” Sub-cartilaginous, rigid ; pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, even, naked, turning pale, cuticle adnate ; stem stuffed, unequal, somewhat pruinose above ; gill! adnate, rather crowded, grey, or whitish, as well as the stem. — Fr. Epicr.p. 56. Eng. FI. v. p . 35. Pers. Ic. Piet. t. 7,/. 3-4. Fr. S. M.l,p. 88. In woods and waste ground. Solitary. [United States.] Var. polius. densely and connately csespitose ; pileus convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, grey ; stem flexuose, smooth ; gills crowded, whitish. — Fr. Epicr . p . 57. Trans . Woolhope Club , 1868, p. 246. Saund. 4r Sm. t. 13. On charcoal heaps, in woods, round the wrekin. 1868. Csespitose. Pileus 2^-3 in. broad, fleshy, but thin on tbe margin, more or less wavy, slightly umbonate, with a thick skin, marked with little pits, so as to present the appearance of innate fibrillse; bistre coloured ; gills rather pale, variously adnate, rounded behind, or emarginate, sometimes almost de- current ; stem 1-2| in. long, f in. thick, quite smooth, except at the apex, where it is punctato-squamulose, nearly equal, stuffed. — Eng. FI. Spores nearly spherical *00024 in.— W. G. S. Sect. 2. Pileus pallid. 93. Agaricus (Clitocybe) opacus. With. “ Opaque Clitocybe.” White ; pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, re- pand, even, covered with a floccose shining film ; stem stuffed, unequal, flexuose ; gills adnate, decurrent, very crowded, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 67. Sow. 1. 142. In woods. Pileus white, opaque, smooth, nearly flat when expanded, but a little turned down at the edge, and a very small protuberance in the centre, cracking when old, and the skin readily peeling off, diameter 1^-2 in. ; stem solid, white, cylin- drical, 2 in. high, J in. diameter, filled with a watery, and when old with a brownish pith ; gills fixed, white, very thick set, and very fine, in pairs or in fours. — Withering. C. Infundibuliformes — pileus funnel-shaped. Sect. 1. Pileus innately flocculose or silky. 94. Agaricus (Clitocybe) giganteus. Fr. “ Giant Clitocybe.” Pileus infundibuliform, not umbonate, slightly flocculose, white, opaque ; stem equal, thick ; gills white, then yellowish, shortly decurrent. — Fr. Epicr.p. 67. B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. (1865), no. 987. 40 AGAEICINI. In very rainy weather on a grassy bank. Ang. Aboyne. C{ Pileus slightly viscid when moist, broadly infun dibuliform, without any trace of an umbo, 9 in. across, white, opaque; margin incurved, at length sulcate. Stem 2^ in. high, 1 in. thick, equal, obtuse, minutely flocculose ; gills at first very narrow, forked behind, decurrent, at length slightly rounded, white, then yellowish.’ , — B. & Br. 95. Agaricus (Clitocybe) maximus. Fr. “ Sowerby’s Clitocybe.” Pileus fleshy, thin, sub-flaccid, dry, silky or squamulose, broadly infundibuliform, disc compact, somewhat umbonate ; stem stuffed, compact, elastic, attenuated, fibrilloso-striate ; gills decurrent, rather crowded, whitish. — Epicr.p. 68. Buxb. iv. t. 1. A. gigan - tens , Sow. t. 244. Eng. FI. v. p. 33. Huss. i. t. 79. Letell. t. 682. Hogg, fy Johnst. t. 23. Meadows and woods. Sept. Esculent. [United States.] Pileus 4-14 in. broad, fleshy, often splitting at the margin, broadly infun- dibuliform, the base of the funnel sunk into the stem, with no trace of umbo, dirty white, with an ochraceous tinge, minutely adpresso-squamulose to the naked eye, sometimes guttate, the whole surface under a lens clothed with a fine matted silkiness, margin grooved, the grooves shallow. Gills close, forked, yellow-white, as broad as the flesh of the pileus. Stem 2^-3 in. high, nearly 2 in. thick at the base, firm, fleshy, elastic, quite solid, sub-bulbous, some- times attenuated upwards, minutely but conspicuously pubescent, when bruised dirty rufescent. Odour strong. — M. J. B. Spores *00022 X *00013 in.- W. G. S. 9©. Agazicus (Clitocybe) infundibuliformis. ScJueff. “Funnel Clitocybe.” Pileus fleshy, thin, at first convex, umbonate, clothed with minute innate silky down, at length funnel-shaped, flaccid ; stem stuffed, soft, elastic, thickened downwards ; gills decurrent, mod- erately distant, white. — Schceff. t . 212. Price f. 69. Fr. Epicr . p. 68. Berk. Outl. t. 5,/. 2. Eng. FI. v.p. 32. Bull, t . 286, 553. On the sides of woods, amongst moss, &c. Common. Pileus of a pale reddish tan, 2-3 in. across, dry, elastic, at first convex, then umbonate, depressed, or quite infundibuliform, with traces of the umbo, variously crisped and lobed, margin involute and downy, the whole clothed with, a delicate closely woven web, which is often pinched up at the margin into little raised strise, these generally vanish as the pileus becomes completely expanded. Flesh moderately thick in the centre, colour of the pileus. Gills white, attenuated, numerous, unequal, some of them forked at the base. Stem variable in length, 2-9 lines thick, attenuated upwards, elastic, stuffed, paler than the pileus. Odour strong but grateful. — Eng. FI. Var. membranaceus. Fr. In a fir wood. Torquay.— W. W. S. Fries says this well-marked variety is intermediate between A. squamulo- sus and A. infundibuliformis , appearing earlier in the year than the latter. AGARICINI. 41 All the parts are thinner, the pileus never at first umbonate,. 3 in. across ; stem equal, spongy, 4 in, long, \ in, thick, sometimes csespitose. Grassy places in woods. Spores pip-shaped, *00027 long. — W. G. S. 97. Agaricus (Clitocybe) trulloeformis. Fr. “Bowl-shaped Clitocybe.” Pileus fleshy, obtuse, at length infundibuliform, floccoso-vil- lose, margin expanded, stem stuffed, elastic, equal, striate ; gills decurrent, sub-distant, connected by veins, white. — Fr. Ep.p. 68. B.fyBr. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1108. In fir woods. Oct. Coed Coch. The rather distant gills, which are connected by veins and infundibuliform pileus, distinguish this species, which is not hygrophanous. — B. &Br. Sect. 2. Pileus quite smooth. 98. Agaricus (Clitocybe) geotrupus. Bull. “ Trumpet Clitocybe.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then broadly infundibuliform, obtuse, umbonate, compact, even, smooth ; stem solid, compact, fibrillose, attenuated upwards, flesh white ; gills decurrent, crowded, simple, white, at length of the colour of the pileus. — Bull. t. 573, f. 2. Fr. Epicr. p. 70. Paul.t. 112. Sow. t. 61. Gard. Ghron. (1861), p. 7 34:, Jig. Russ. i. t. 66. Harz. t. 75. Letell. t. 670. Grev.t. 41. A. infundibuliformis, var. Eng. FI. y.p. 33. In woods and on their borders, often in rings. [United States.] Pileus white, tan-coloured, &c., 4 in. broad. Stem 6 in. long, nearly 1 in. thick, l|in. at the base, more or less fibrillose, sometimes with broad, trans- verse, closely -pressed scales. Spores *00028 X *0002 in. ( PL II- , fig. 5, reduced.) Var. subin volutus . — Batsch.f'. 204. Spores spinulose, nearly spherical, *0003 in.— W. G. S. 99. Agaricus (Clitocybe) inversus. Scop. “Brown-red Clitocybe.” Pileus fleshy, fragile, convex, then infundibuliform, smooth ; margin involute, even ; stem stuffed, then hollow, rather rigid, smooth ; flesh pallid ; gills decurrent, simple, pallid, then of the colour of the pileus. — Fr. Epicr. p. 71. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 110* Schceff. t. 65. Bull. t. 553. Paul. t. 66. Sow. 1. 186. In fir woods. In a ditch. Woodnewton. Pileus 2 in. across, not flaccid, brownish red at first, then tan. coloured ; often csespitose. Spores nearly spherical *0001 in.— W. G. S. 42 AGARICINI. 100. Agaricus (Clitocybe) flaccidus. Sow . “Flaccid Clitocybe.” Pileus rather fleshy, thin, flaccid, nmbilicate, then funnel- shaped, even, margin broadly reflexed ; stem stuffed, unequal, sub-flexuose, villous at the base ; gills decurrent, crowded, arcuate, yellowish. — Sow. t. 185. Fr. Epicr.p. 71. Eng. FI. v.p. 32. In fir woods. Often densely csespitose ; pilens bright in colour, sometimes streaked ; flaccid when young, 2-3 in. broad, always of a peculiar form and substance, orbicular, depressed, rather plane than infundibuliform, by reason of the de- flexed margin, very even and smooth, generally reddish, sometimes white ; gills very much attenuated behind, very close, tender, and narrow, not running far down; stem 1-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, slender, generally equal, smooth, with a sub-cartilaginous bark, stuffed, soon hollow, not rooting, nor incras- sated, and villous, except from peculiarity of situation. — Fries. Spores slightly spinulose, nearly spherical *00019 in. — W. G. S. D. Cyathiformes — pileus cup-shaped. 101. Agaricus (Clitocybe) cyathiformis. Fr. “Cup-shaped Clitocybe.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, at first depressed, then infundibuliform, even, nearly smooth, moist, hygrophanous ; margin for a long time involute, even ; stem stuffed, elastic, at- tenuated upwards, fibrilloso-reticulate ; gills adnate, then decur- rent, united behind, dingy. — Fr. Epicr.p . 73. Sow. t. 363. Huss . ii. 1. 1. Bull. t. 575,/. M. Vaill. 1. 14,/. 1-3. Bolt. 1. 145. In meadows, &c. Common. [Cincinnati.] Pileus 2 in. across, variable in colour, generally dark brown or bistre. Spores *00033 X *00018 in.— IF. G. S. 102. Agaricus (Clitocybe) brumalis. Fr. “ Wintry Clitocybe.” Inodorous ; pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, at first umbilicate, then funnel-shaped, smooth, flaccid, hygrophanous ; margin reflexed, even ; stem at length hollow, equal, somewhat incurved, smooth, whitish ; gills decurrent, distinct, pallid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 76. Bull. t. 24:8, f. A. B. A.metachrous. Eng.Fl.v.p.67. In woods. Oct. Livid grey when moist, nearly white when dry ; pileus 1-2 in. broad, in its earliest stage conic, gradually depressed, but not deeply infundibuliform, almost membranaceous, margin pellucid; gills of the same colour as the pileus, adnate, scarcely decurrent, not turning pale so fast as the pileus, often separating from the stem at the base ; stem 3 in. or more high, at length hol- low, outer flesh livid, inner white, downy at the base, minutely fibrillose above, apex pulverulent. — Eng. FI. Spores nearly spherical *00013 in. — W. G. & AGARICINI. 43 E. Orb iformes — pileus rounded. 103. Agaricus (Clitocybe) metachrous. Fr. “ Ob-eonio Clitocybe.” Inodorous ; pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then "plane, de- pressed, rather smooth, hygrophanous ; stem stuffed, then hol- low, equal, tough, pruinose above ; gills adnate, crowded, pale cinereous. — Fr . Epicr.p. 77. In woods amongst leaves. Pileus 1^-2 in. across, when young cinereous brown, then livid, whitish when dry ; stem about 1^ in. long, 2 lin. thick, broader when compressed, grey, fros- ted with white above ; gills adnate, not truly decurrent. 104. Agaricus (Clitocybe) fragrans. Sow. “Fragrant Clitocybe.” Fragrant; pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane, or de- pressed, even, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem stuffed, then hollow, elastic, smooth; gills sub- decurrent, rather crowded, distinct, whitish. — Sow. t. 10. Fr. Epicr.p. 78. Pers. My. Eur. t. 27, f. 5. Letell. t. 658. Krombh. t. i.f. 34-35. Eng. FI. v. p. 67. In woods. Common. Esculent. Pileus 1^ in. across, ochraceous, with a sweet anise odour ; convex, then plano-convex, minutely dimpled, dirty white, very rarely slightly zoned, when dry nearly white, margin thin and transparent, turned in when young, and minutely tomentose ; gills very broad, decurrent, distinct, not pure white; stem 2-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, attenuated upwards, minutely fibrillose, vil- lous at the base, sometimes pruinose above. — M. J. B. Spores *00026 X *00016 in. — W. G. S. F. Versiformes — pileus variable. 105. Agaricus (Clitocybe) difformis. P. “ Deformed Clitocybe.” Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex, then plane, and sub- umbilicate, smooth, hygrophanous, striate when moist, even when dry, at length between squamulose and rimose ; stem hollow, equal, smooth, shining ; gills adnate, distant, whitish. — Fr.Epicr. p. 79. Bolt. 1. 17. In fir plantations. Near Halifax. Stem tough, 2-3 in. long, about 2 lin. thick, smooth, and shining whitish, usually contorted and compressed; pileus variable in form, L in. and more broad, when moist striate and livid, silky and shining, whitish when dry. 44 AGAKICINI. 108. Agaricus (Clitocybe) ectypus. Fr. “ Copied Clitocybe.” Pileus rather fleshy, plane, at length depressed, and revolute, hygrophanous, finely streaked, with adpressed sooty fibrillae ; mar- gin rather striate ; stem becoming hollow, elastic, fibrillose ; gills adnate, somewhat distant and pallid, at length stained with red, mealy. — Fr. Epicr. p. 79. In meadows. Stem 2-4 in. long, 3-5 lin. thick, sub-bulbous, dirty yellowish ; pileus about 2-3 in. broad, honey -coloured, then rufescent ; margin very thin, striate. 107. Agaricus (Clitocybe) bellus. Fr. “ Pretty Clitocybe.” Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then depressed (dull orange), sprinkled with minute dark scales ; stem stuffed, equal, tough, rivulose ; gills adnate, sub-distant, connected by veins, yellowish, reddish brown, at length mealy. — Fr. Epicr. p. 7 9. Eng. FI. v.p. 42. In fir plantations. Foetid. Pileus in. broad, deep orange brown, becoming gradually pale ; gills in- carnato-ferruginous ; stem 2| in. high. —M. J. B. Often growing in company with A. laccatus. 108. Agaricus (Clitocybe) laccatus. Scop. “ Waxy Clitocybe.” Pileus membranaceous, convex, then depressed, and somewhat umbilicate, variable, hygrophanous, mealy ; stem stuffed, equal, tough, fibrous ; gills adnate, thick, distant, brightly coloured, at length mealy. — Fr. Epicr. p . 79. Schceff. 1. 13. Bull. t. 570, f. 1. Grev.t. 249. Kromb. t. 43, f. 17-20, t. 72,/. 19-20. Batt. 1. 18, G.I. Fuss. i. t. 47. Berk. Outl. t. 5,/. 3. Bolt. t. 6 3-64. Sow. t. 187-208. FI. Dan. 1. 1249. Batsch.f. 99. Eng. FI. v.p. Al. Price , /. 122. '4, \ .'.W - In woods. Extremely common and variable. [United States.] Sometimes of a bright amethyst, usually reddish brown ; pileus 1-2 in. broad, • convex, the centre more or less depressed, often cracked or squamulose, with a mealy appearance, sub-carnose, turning pale when dry, margin incurved, often very much lobed and waved; gills more or less of the colour of the pileus, not changing colour, horizontal, broad behind, and adnate, thick, distant, sometimes forked above, mealy from the white spores ; stem 1-6 in. long, thicker and downy below, fibrillose, tough, hollow, of the colour of the pileus, not becoming pale.— M. J. B. Spores globose and echinulate, *00035 in. diameter ; echinulate spores are unusual iu Agaricus.— W.(r.& AGARICINI. 45 Sub- Gen, 6. Pleurotus. Fr. Epicr. p. 129. Veil evanescent, or none ; pileus fleshy in the larger species, with a smooth or ragged margin from the re- mains of the veil ; substance either compact, spongy, slightly fleshy, or membranaceous ; stem mostly late- ral or wanting, when present confluent and homo- geneous with the hymenophore ; gills with a sinus or broadly decurrent tooth. Hab. Most of the species grow on wood, a few only Fig 37. on the ground. — {PI. //., fig. 6 , and fig. 37.) The species are large, handsome, and polymorphic, but some are small and resnpinate ; they generally appear late in the year, and return, year after year, to the same habitat more frequently than terrestrial fungi ; all are harmless, and some edible. All the species become putrid when old, and never coriaceous or woody. — W. G. & Sect. 1. Lepiotaria. — pileus scaly. 109. Agaricus (Pleurotus) corticatus. Fr. “ Large scaly Pleurotus.” Pileus compact, excentric, villous, at length floccoso-squamu- lose ; stem firm, fibrillose, veil membranaceous, torn ; gills decur- rent, sub-distant, anastomosing behind. — Hym. Suec. p. 236. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 995. Saund $ Sm. t. 4. On an old prostrate elm. Oct. Belvoir Castle. Pileus excentric, 7 inches across, expanded, swollen in the centre ; disc, especially in the centre, broken up into brownish grey silky scales, which are more minute towards the thin, strongly involute margin; ve 1 woven, ad- hering slightly to the stem and margin ; stem 3 in. high, 1^- in. thick, pit- ted and silky below the evanescent ring, firm and tough, mottled ; gills rather broad, pure white, very decurrent, anastomosing behind, sometimes forked ; edge entire. Smell rather strong ; a large and noble species, perhaps too closely allied to A. dryinus. — B, &Br. Spores *0005 X *0002 in. 110. Agaricus (Pleurotus) dryinus. P. “ Spotted Pleurotus.” Pileus compact, hard, oblique, variegated with dark spot-like scales;- veil fugaceous, torn, white, appendiculate ; stem lateral, stout; gills decurrent, narrow, nearly simple. — Fr. Epicr. p. 129. Nees.f. 177. Huss. ii. t. 29-33. Vent. t. 44,/. 1-2. Scliceff.t. 233. Eng. FI. v.p. 7 0. Gard. Chron. (1860)/). 832. On trunks of ash, willow, &c. Oct. [U. States.] 46 AGARICINI. Pileus f-3in. broad, excentric, white, the surface broken into light brown adpressed scales, margin involute, with fragments of the broad woven veil adhering to it, flesh continued into the stem ; gills white, not very broad, decurrent, forked, crisp ; stem 3 in. high, attenuated downwards, firm, al- most woody, tomentose, but not scaly. Taste like Ag. campestris . Spores *00013 X -00017 in. 111. Agaxicus (Pleurotus) spongiosus. Fr . “Spongy Pleurotus.” Pileus pulvinate, soft and spongy, sub-tomentose, veil torn, fugacious, appendiculate ; stem very short, excentric, tomentose; gills sinuate, adnate, crowded, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 130. In a rotten beech. Oct. Epping Forest. — W. G. S. Sub-sessile, thick, pileus cinereous, with the habit of Polyporus betulina , 2-3 in, broad, persistently tomentose. Spores *0004 X ’00018 in. (PL //., /. 6, reduced.) Sect . 2. Concharia . — pileus shell-shaped. 112. Agaxicus (Pleurotus) ulmaxius. Bull. “ Elm Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, compact, convexo-plane, smooth, somewhat spot- ted, moist; stem rather excentric, stout, thickened below, sub- tomentose ; gills adnexed (emarginate or rounded), rather crowded, broad, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 130. Bull. t. 510. Sow. t. 67. Vitt. Mang . t. 23. Cooke , B.F. t. 7. Eng. FI. y.p.73. Price./. 83. On elm trunks. Sept. — Dec. Esculent. [United States.] Pileus 3-12 in. broad, obtuse, smooth, subcoriaceous, but within very white, soft, yet compact, thick, sometimes marbled with livid spots ; gills numer- ous, broad, white, adnate or sub-decurrent, irregular ; stem excentric as- cending 2-3 in. long, about lin. thick, solid, firm, incrassated at the base, white, sometimes furfuraceous, single or in tufts, varying a good deal in tex- ture. “ Grev. Spores nearly globular, length *0002 in. 113. Agaxicus (Pleurotus) subpalmatus. Fr. “ Subpalmate Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, soft, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, smooth; stem excentric, incurved, equal , fibrilloso-striate ; gills adnate, crowded, broad, rufescent.- — Fr. Epicr. p. 131. Sow. t. 62. A.palmatus . Eng. FI. v.p. 73. On squared timber, old trunks, &c. AGARICINX 47 Pileus 3-4 in. broad, excentric, at first convex, tbe margin involute, then more expanded ; cuticle thick, tough, elastic, gluey, but not moist, not easily separable from the flesh, distilling drops of a limpid reddish fluid, with a hot and astringent styptic taste, margin beautifully reticulated, of a pale orange buff or nankeen colour, pruinose, very fleshy, flesh mottled; gills paler, rounded behind, connected by veins, free, joined at the base by an obsolete collar. Stem 1-2 in. high, ^in. thick, oblique, thickest below, smooth, whit- ish, of a fibrous structure, sometimes a little hollow. — M . J. B. Spores slightly echinulate, *00017 X ’00023 in . 114. Agaricus (Pleurotus) craspedius. Fr. “Thick-stem Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, soft, convexo-plane, or depressed, undulato- lobate, sub-pruinose; stem solid, excentric, short; gills adnate, scarcely crowded, broad, whitish.— Fr. Epicr.p . 131. Paul. t. 44, /. 3. FI. Dan. t. 891. Saund. Sm. t. 7. On the trunks of trees. Csespitose. Stem elastic, spongy within, unequal, pallid. Pileus more or less excentric, 3-5 in. broad, brick-red, pale tan, or greyish ; margin at first involute, then opened, crenately lobed and waved, and fimbriate. 115. Agaricus (Pleurotus) fimbriatus. Bolt, “ Fringed Pi eu- rotus.” Pileus fleshy, thin, plane, then funnel-shaped, even, hygro- phanous ; margin at length sinuate and lobed ; stem somewhat excentric, stuffed, compressed, firm, short, rootless, villous ; gills adnate, thin, much crowded, slightly forked, white.* — Fr. Epicr . p. 131. Dolt. t. 61. Sterb. 1. 15, B . Ann. N.H . , no. 672*. Eng. FI. v. p. 37. On trunks. Rare. Gregarious, or tufted. Pileus Sin. broad, slightly fleshy, plano-convex when young, often excentric ; turning pale ; gills very close, narrow and ten- der, often forked ; stem about 1 in. long, smooth. — Fries . Most beautifully and repeatedly lobed and fimbriated. — M.J. B. 116. Agaricus (Pleurotus) lignatilis. Pers. “ Beech Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, firm, convexo-plane or somewhat umbilicate, floccoso-pruinose; stem stuffed, then hollow, flexuose, sub-villose; gills adnate, crowded, narrow, white.— Pers. Syn. p. 368. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 996. FI. Dan. 1. 1797. Saund. fy Sm. t.6. On beech trees. Burnham Beeches, abundant in 1863. # With a strong mealy odour. Stem sometimes 2-3 in. sometimes only 3-4 lines long, thin, unequal, pileus usually more or less excentric, from 1 to 3- 4 in. broad, repand, undulately lobed. Spores *00015 X *00012 in. 48 AGARICINI. 117. Agaxicus (Pleuxotus) cixcinatus. Fr . “ Circinate Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, conyexo-plane, obtuse, orbicular, glistening, slightly silky, becoming whitish ; stem stuffed, elastic, short, equal, smooth, rooting ; gills adnate (sub-decurrent), crowded, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 132. Secr.no. 670. On rotten wood. W. W. Saunders, Esq. Solitary, beautifully regular, sub-central, tougb, wholly white, not hygro- phanous, odour faint, not mealy ; stem 1-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick ; pileus about 3 in. broad. 118. Agaxicus (Pleuxotus) ostxeatus. Jacq. “Oyster Pleurotus.” Pileus soft, fleshy, sub-dimidiate, conchate, ascending, growing pale; stem abbreviated (or obsolete), firm, elastic, strigose at the base ; gills decurrent, rather distant, anastomosing behind, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 133. Huss.ii.t. 19. Sow. t. 241. Letell. t. 695. Vitt. Mang. t. 4. Lenz.f. 19. Vent. 1 . 17, f. 3-4, 1 . 18. Krornbh. t. 41, f. 1-7. Tratt. essb. Sch. t. 0. Tratt. Austr. t. 40. Cooke , B.F. t. 8. Smith , E.M.f. 17. Jacq. Austr. t. 288. Eng. FI. Y.p.ll. Badh. i. t. 2, ii. 1. 10. Hogg, fy Johnst. t. 21. On trees, especially laburnum. Autumn and winter. EscuA lent. [United States.] ^ Imbricated, large; pileus sub-dimidiate, very thick and fleshy, flesh white, dusky towards the surface, tin. deep, the border at first fibrillose, orsquamu- lose, margin involute ; as the pileus expands the white fibrillse vanish, and the colour changes from dusky to bistre ; margin paler and rimulose, the whole surface shining and satiny when dry, soft and clammy when moist, towards the base in age there is a little white down ; gills broad, here and there forked, anastomosing at the base, dirty white, the edge serrated, umber. In large specimens there is often a distinct stem, clothed with a dense short white down, which runs up between the gills; when dry the pileus becomes pallid or yellowish. — M. J. B. Spores *0003 X *00015 in. 119. Agaxicus (Pleuxotus) salignus. Fr. “Willow Pleurotus.” Pileus compact or spongiose, sub -dimidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, even, then with the disc depressed, sub-strigose ; stem short, white, tomentose ; gills decurrent, somewhat branched, eroded, distinct at the base, nearly of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 133. Letell. t. 687. Tratt. Austr. t. 4, f. 8. Paul. t. 22, Eng. FI. y.p. 72. On trunks of trees. Oct. — Jan. [United States.] Pileus convex, 4-6 in. broad, stem excentricor lateral, sometimes obsolete; fuliginous, white, or ochraceous, according to its stage of growth.— Fries. Spores *00036 X *00015 in. — W*G.S» AGARICINI. 49 Sect 3. Holopleurus. — pileus dimidiate. 120. Agaricus (Pleurotus) petaloides. Bull. “Petaloid Pleurotus.” Ascending ; pileus flesliy, spathulate ; entire, disc villous, de- pressed ; stem compressed, villous ; gills decurrent, crowded, nar- row, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 134. Bull. t. 226, 557. Vent. t. 44, f. 5, 6. Pers. Obs. t. 4,/. 1. Eng. FI. v.p. 72. On the ground, amongst grass. Bare. [United States.] Gills whitish, tender, decurrent ; stem flat, often channelled, nearly erect ; solitary, stem about 1 in. long, erect . -Burton. Spores *0003 X ’00015 in. — W. G. S. 121. Agaricus (Pleurotus) serotinus. Schrad . “ Yellowish Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, compact, viscid ; stem lateral, thick, squamulose, with sooty points ; gills determinate, crowded, yellowish, or pallid. — Spic. p. 140. B. <$• Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 997. FI. Dan. 1. 1293,/. 2. Buxb.v.t.2,f.2. On trunks of trees. Jedburgh. Bowood. [United States.] Gregarious; pileus 2-3 in. across, yellowish, or dingy olive, reniform, or obovate, margin at first slightly involute, then repand ; flesh whitish, insipid. 122. Agaricus (Pleurotus) mitis. P. “Kidney-shaped Pleurotus.” Pileus rather fleshy, tough, reniform, even, smooth, growing pale ; stem lateral, compressed, dilated upwards, with little white scales ; gills determinate, crowded, distinct, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 135. Berk. Outl. t. 6. /. 9. Eng. FI. v. p. 74. Mag. Zool. $ Bot. no. 48. On dead larch. Oct. Scotland. Notts. Pileus \ in. broad, at length almost sessile; gills distinct from the hori- zontal stem, very close, linear-lanceolate, pallid-whitish. — Fries. Pirm, tasteless, white, or rufescent, in the young state spathulare, and the stem quite distinct, the pileus gradually dilates, the stem becomes obsolete, and the pileus reniform, the outer margins meeting, and the one overlapping the other; upper stratum gelatinous. — M.J.B. 123. Agaricus (Pleurotus) tremulus. Scliceff. “ Grey Pleurotus.” Pileus rather fleshy, reniform, depressed, tough, even ; stem marginal, distinct, nearly round, ascending, villous ; gills adnate, determinate, narrow, distant, grey. — Fr. Epicr.p. 135. Schceff . t. 24 ( except fig. 1.) Sow. t. 242. Eng. FI. v.p. 74. D 50 AGARICIiNT. Amongst moss. Rare. Malvern Hills. Scotland. Denbigh- shire. [United States.] About 1 in. across ; grey, turning pale, sometimes sessile, the base villous ; gills distinct, distant. 124. Agaricus (Pleurotus) acerosus. Fr. “ Lawn Pleurotus.” Pilens membranaceous, reniform, plane, striate, sub-lobate, hy- grophanous ; stem very short or obsolete, lateral, rather strigose at the base ; gills determinate, narrow, crowded, simple, grey. — Fr. Epicr.p. 135. Bolt. t. 72,/. 3. Ann . N.H. no. 673. On gravel, lawns, wood, &c. Rare. Hitchen, Suffolk. Pileus membranaceous, striate, when moist grey, when dry silky white, very variable, 1-2 in. broad ; gills horizontal, not decurrent, of the same colour as the pileus. Spores nearly globose, *0002 in. Sect. 4. Omphalaria — pileus at first resupinate. 125. Agaricus (Pleurotus) porrigens. P. “Pine Pleurotus.” White ; pileus fleshy, tough, at first resupinate, then ascending from the extended base, ear-shaped, smooth above ; gills very narrow, linear. — Fr. Epicr.p. 136. Eng. FI. Y.p. 72. On old pine trunks. Rare. Inverary. Imbricated, various in size, sub-flaccid, the base stretching forward, often tomentose, very rarely stipitate ; pileus even, margin thin, inflexed, lobed in large specimens ; gills when young vein-like, somewhat divided. — Fries. 126. Agaricus (Pleurotus) septicus. Fr. “ Thin Pleurotus.” White ; pileus somewhat fleshy, thin, resupinate, then reflexed, even, pubescent ; stem thin, incurved, pubescent, at length evan- escent ; rootlets byssoid ; gills distant. — Fr. Epicr. p. 136. Sow. t. 321. Eng. FI. Y.p. 74. Letell.t. 706. On twigs, decayed fungi, dung, &c. Pileus 3-5 lines broad, at length free, slightly carnose ; gills rather broad, distinct ; stem 2 lines high, attenuated upwards, sometimes obsolete, as well as its radicles. — Fries. 127. Agaricus (Pleurotus) mastrucatus. Fr. “Imbricated Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, upper stratum gelatinous, at first resupinate, then expanded, sessile, lobed, squamulose ; gills greyish white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 137. Sow. t. 99. Eng. FI. Y.p. 74. On old trunks. Rare. [Cincinnati.] Imbricated ; pileus 1-4 in. across, lobed in large specimens, flaccid, rough with hairs, and rigid points intermixed ; gills radiating from a downy knob. — Fries. AGARICrNT 51 128 . Agaricus (Pleurotus) atrocoeruleus. Fr. “ Blue-black Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, upper stratum gelatinous, at first resupinate, then obovate, reniform, tomentose ; gills crowded, white, becoming yel- lowish. — Fr. Epicr . p. 137. Schceff. t. 246, /. 3, 8, 9. Ann . N.H. no. 674. Saund. Sm. t. 6. On trunks. Rare. Penzance. Pileus at first resupinate, soon reflexed, obovate or kidney-shaped, 1-2 in. broad, villous, rugulose when dry, commonly dark bluish, rarely brown ; flesh soft, upper stratum gelatinous. Spores *0003 X *00013 in. 129 . Agaricus (Pleurotus) algidus. Fr. “ Dingy Pleurotus.” Pileus fleshy, cuticle gelatinous, at first resupinate, then ex- panded, reniform, smooth ; gills rather broad, crowded, pale, yel- lowish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 137 . FI. Dan. t. 1552,/. 1,£. 1556,/. 2. Pers. M.E. t. 23,/. 5. On trunks. Linlithgowshire. [United States.] Pileus about 1 in. across, reddish umber or cinereous, usually csespitose and imbricated, somewhat kidney-shaped, smooth, viscid when young. 130 . Agaricus (Pleurotus) iLeightoni. Berk. “ Leighton’s Pleurotus.” Pileus at first obliquely conical, umber, then lead-coloured, fur- furaceous, with short scattered bristles intermixed ; upper stra- tum gelatinous; gills rather thick, tan-coloured, distant, somewhat forked at the base, slightly undulated ; interstices scarcely reti- culated. — Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. t. 9,/. 1. Berk. Outl.p. 138. On wood. Near Shrewsbury. Pileus 5 lines broad, at first cyphelheform, obliquely conical, umber brown, gradually becoming paler, at length of a pallid lead colour, furfuraceous, especially behind, where there are a few bristles ; flesh consisting of two dis- tinct strata, of which the upper is gelatinous, and of the colour of the pileus, the lower white. Stem, none ; gills of a pallid tan colour, thickish, distant, undulated, obscurely wrinkled at the base, the interstices scarcely reticulated. —M.J.B. 131 . Agaricus (Pleurotus) cypliellaeformis. Berk. “Pendu- lous Pleurotus.” Pileus cup-shaped, then dependent, upper stratum gelatinous, cinereous, very minutely strigose, especially at the base ; margin paler, sprinkled with a few meal-like scales ; gills pure white, rather distant, narrow, linear. — Mag. Zool. Bot. i.t. 15,/. 3. Berk. Oatl.p. 138. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Oct. d 2 52 AGARICINI. Gregarious. Pileus21ines or more broad and high, altogether stemless, cup- shaped, hanging down, cinereous, very minutely strigose, especially at the base ; margin paler, sprinkled with a few meal-like scales. Upper stratum gelatinous, cinereous, beneath which the flesh is white and very thin. Gills pure white, rather distant, the alternate ones shorter, narrow, linear. — M.J.B. 132. Agaricus (Pleurotus) Hobsoni. Berk. “ Hobson’s Pleurotus.” Pileus membranaceous, reniform, or dimidiate, stemless, pale- grey, minutely downy ; gills rather distant, pallid. — Berlc. Outl. p. 139. On larch stumps. Sept. Apethorpe. Pileus i-4 lines across ; margin involute. 133. Agaricus (Pleurotus) applicatus. Batsch . “Little grey Pleurotus.” Dark cinereous ; pileus submembranaceous, rather firm, resu- pinate, then reflexed, somewhat striate, sub-pruinose, villous at the base; gills loose, paler. — Fr.Epicr.p. 137. Batsch. f. 125. Sow. t. 301. Eng. El. v.p. 75. Bull. t. 581,/. 2. Pers. M.E. i. t. 28,/. 8. On dead fallen branches. Common. [S. Carolina.] Pileus about J in. across, when young cup-shaped, resupinate, slightly carnose, striate when moist, more or less villous ; gills broad, distant, radi- ating, grey, the margin whitish, stem none. — M.J.B. (jig. 37, nat. size.) 134. Agaricus (Pleurotus) striatulus. Fr. “ Striate Pleurotus.” Pale cinereous. Pileus very delicate, striate, flaccid, smooth ; gills few, distant. — Fr. Epicr.p. 137. Eng. FI. v.p. 75. On firwood, hazel twigs, &c. Scotland. [S. Carolina.] Scattered or gregarious, persistent. Pileus 3-4 lines broad, convex, wrin- kled when dry ; gills few, unequal, distant, sometimes dirty-white, sometimes the whole plant is brown. — Fries. 135. Agaricus (Pleurotus) hypnophilus. P. “ Moss Pleurotus.” Resupinate, flat, white ; pileus sub-reniform, nearly smooth ; gills simple. — Pers. M.E. iii. t. 24,/. 5 a. Berk. Outl.p. 139. Eng. FI. v.p.75. On the larger mosses and fallen leaves. Appin. Exactly the habit of A. variabilis , but the spores are white, and in conse- quence the gills do not change colour. 136. Agaricus (Pleurotus) chioneus. P. “ Snowy Pleurotus.” Snow-white, sub-resupinate, minute; pileus very thin, villous ; gills lather broad; stem very short, villous, at length obsolete. — Pers. M.E. iii. t. 26,/. 10-11. Berk. Outl.p. 139. Eng . FI. v.p. 75. AGARICIN1. 53 On wood or dung. Rare. Lytchett, Dorset. Pileus 2 lines broad, extremely delicate and fragile, clothed with white down, fixed by a few downy threads, the margin involute ; gills radiating, distant, with sometimes a single smaller one in the interstices. — M. J. B. Sub-Gen . 7. Collybia, Fr. Epicr. p. 81. Pileus at first convex, with an involute margin ; stem with a cartilaginous bark, of a different substance from the hymeno- phore, but confluent with it ; gills adnate or slightly attached (not decurrent). Hab. Most of the species are epiphytal. — (PI. II. , t fig. 7.) Usually small and tough, lasting far into the winter ; few only are known to be edible, as A.fusipes , Bull. A, esculeutus, Wulf, &c. Marasmius is closely allied to Collybia. Sect. 1. Stricepedes — stem sulcate, fibrillose, or striate. 137 . Agazicus (Collybia) zadicafras. Relh. “ Kooting Collybia.” Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, wrinkled, glutinous ; stem stuffed, tall, attenuated upwards, rooting, rigid, smooth ; gills adnexed, distant, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 81. Sow. £.48. Gard. Chron. 1860,^9. 265. Grev. t. 217. Krornbh. t. 62,/. 6-10. Paul. t. 97, /. 3-4. Berk. Outl. t. 5, /. 4. Eng. FI. v. p. 44. Huss. i. 1. 15. Price,/. 98. Vent. t. 56,/. 1-2. On old stumps, &c. Very common. [United States.] Pileus 3-4 in. across, flat, more or less umbonate, radiato-rugose, smooth, at first slimy, carnose, tough and elastic, delicate, fusco-ochraceous, oliva- ceous, &c,, often irregular ; gills white, thick, distant, ventricose, adnate, with or without a tooth, sometimes almost decurrent; stem 4-8 in. high, about f in. thick, attenuated upwards, twisted, not smooth, but rather fur- furaceous, sometimes striate above with raised lines, paler than the pileus, juicy, brittle, splitting longitudinally, sometimes tough, at length hollow, rufescent within, penetrating very deeply into the ground by a fusiform root. — M.J.B. Spores *00041 X *00068 in. 138 . Agaricus (Collybia) longipes. Bull. “ Long-stemmed Collybia.” Pileus fleshy, thin, conical, then expanded, umbonate, dry, slightly velvety ; stem stuffed, tall, attenuated upwards, villose, at length sulcate ; root long, fusiform ; gills rounded behind, rather distant, white. — Bull. t. 232. Fr. Epicr. p. 81. Huss. i. t. 80. Batt. t. 20, /. A. Corda. Sturm, t. 52. Ag.pudens , Ann. N.H. no. 64. On old stumps, &c. Stem quite as velvety as in A. velutipes , and the pileus, especially its margin, more or less so, and by no means glutinous. 54 AGARIC INI. 139. Agaricus (Collybia) platyphyllus. Fr. “ Broad-gilled Collybia.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, becoming plane, obtuse, moist, streaked with little fibres ; stem stuffed, equal, soft, naked, striate, pallid, ending abruptly ; gills truncate, adnexed distant, broad, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 82. Bull . t. 594. Paul t 97,/. 1-2. Buxb. iv. t. 18. Ann . N.H. nos. 263, 323. In woods, amongst leaves. Rare. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 5 in. or more across, smooth, hygrophanous, expanded, with a broad umbo, sinuated and undulate, thin, except in the centre, umber shaded with bistre, more or less virgate, but by no means silky, though it has a sleek shin- ing aspect, flesh brownish beneath the sub-cartilaginous cuticle, in other parts firm and white; stem 2% in. high, f- in. thick, nearly equal, obtuse, stringy, slightly twisted, streaked, smooth, not rooting ; gills broad, truncato-adnexed, at first white, at length pallid, distant, smell strong, taste not unpleasant* — M. J. B. The variety (A. repens ), with a stout creeping mycelium, has also been found in Britain.— (Gard Chron., 1861, p. 926, fig.) Spores *0005 X *0007 in. 140. Agaxicus (Collybia) fusipes. Bull. “Spindle-stem Collybia.” Tough ; pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth, even, or ri- mose, umbo evanescent; stem stuffed, then hollow, contorted, swollen, sulcate, fusiform and rooting ; gills adnexed, nearly free, at length separating behind, broad, distant, connected by veins, white, then the colour of the pileus. — Fr. Epicr. p. 83. Bull, t . 106, 516,/. 2. Sow. 1 . 129. Vent. 1 . 19, /. 5-7. Krombh. t. 42, /. 9-11. Schceff. t. 87-88. FI. Dan. 1 . 1607. Batt.t. 20, B. Berlc. Outl. t. 5, /. 5. Huss. ii. t. 48. Cooke, B.F. t. 5. Eng. FI. v. p. 45. Price,f. 85. Hogg, Johnst. 1. 14. On stumps. Very common. Esculent. Densely tufted; pileus 1^ in. or more broad, when young hemispherical, smooth, dull vinous brown, fleshy ; margin incurved, then expanded, cracked, sometimes tesselated and warty, paler, but here and there towards the margin marked with dark patches, as if burnt ; gills pale, umber, free, or only appa- rently adnate, sometimes rounded behind, and then separating from the stem, with a rather watery appearance, though dry, connected by veins, distant ; stem 2-6 in. long, |-1 in. thick, ventricose, rooting, paler than the pileus, marked towards the base with little dark specks, striate longitudinally, often cracked ; substance within loose and fibrous, at length hollow ; taste agree- able. — M.J.B. Spores *0002 X ’00013 in. Var. aedematopus. Fr . Gills unequally decurrent, pallid. — Pall. Boss. i. t.$,f.2. ( PL II. f. 6, reduced.) AGARICINI. 55 141. Agaxicus (Collybia) maculatus. A. fy. S. “ Spotted Colly bia.” Pileus fleshy, compact, convex, then plane, obtuse, even, smooth ; stem stout, ventricose, striate, attenuated below, abrupt; gills free, crowded, rather linear, white, as well as the stem. — Fr. Epicr.p. 84. Sow. t. 246. Huss. ii. t. 60. Eng . FI. v.p. 45. In fir woods. Not common. Pileus 2-3 in. across, at first white, then spotted, as well as the stem, with reddish brown, even, smooth, truly carnose, rather compact, hemispherical, at first with an involute margin, then quite plane, margin often repand, white, here and there spotted with rufous, at length altogether dirty rufous; gills free, very close, narrow, scarcely above 2 lines broad, linear, dirty pallid; stem 3-4 in. high, but much drawn out when growing amongst moss, 4-10 lines thick, stout, unequal, more or less ventricose and attenuated below. — Fries. Spores nearly globular, length *0002 in. ( PI. II. 9 jig. 6, small figure.) 142. Agaxicus (Collybia) butyraceus. Bull. “ Battery Collybia.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, even, smooth, moist, changing colour, flesh becoming white ; stem stuffed, exter- nally cartilaginous, conical, striate, reddish brown ; gills nearly free, crowded, crenulate, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 84. Bull. t. 572. Buxb. iv. t. 5./. 1. Batt. 1. 16, C. Eng. FI. Y.p. 46. In woods, especially of fir. Common. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 1^ in. broad, sub-carnose, convex, expanded, umbonate, sub-viscid, of a livid ochre, or dull green, when quite young of a livid brown, the mar- gin sub-rufescent, but a portion below the umbo soon grows pale, so that the pileus appears of four colours ; the umbo always dark, sometimes the rest of the pileus is pale, rufescent, or ochraceous, margin occasionally striate, flesh white, mottled with rufous ; gills close, free, not ventricose, rounded, edge rather uneven and notched ; stem l|-2 in. high, f in. thick below, somewhat twisted, smooth, slightly striate, downy at the bulbous base, stuffed, white within, outer coat of a different structure and pubescent. — M. J. B. Sect. 2. Velutipedes — stem velvety, floccose, or pruinose. 143. Agaxicus (Collybia) velutipes. Curt . “Velvet-stemmed Collybia.” Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, viscid ; stem stuffed, velvety, rooting, dark- bay ; gills adnexed, distant, yellowish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 86. Curt. FI. L. t. 70. Huss. i. t. 56. Bolt. 1. 135. Krombh. t. 44,/. 6-9, t. 62,/. 21. Tratt. Austr. t. 7. Batsch. f. 122. Paul. 1. 104, /. 5-6. Cooke exs. no. 301. Vent. t. 25./. 3-4. Batt. t. 22 C. Eng. FI. v. p. 44. Vaill. t. 12,/. 8-9. Bull. t. 344, 519,/. 2. 56 AGAftICINI. On logs and trunks of trees. Common. [United States.] Csespitose; pileus 1-3 in. broad, smooth, slimy, of a beautiful tawny colour, convex, expanded, fleshy, margin thin, sub-transparent ; gills ventricose, broad, scarcely adnate, ochraceous ; stem 2-9 in. high, J in. thick, incurved, velvety, rich tawny brown, pale above, often compressed and striate, fistulose. — M. J. B. Spores variable in size, nearly globular, average length, *00027 in. 144. Agaricus (Colly bia) caulicinalis. Bull. “ Thatch Colly bia.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, umbilicate, clothed with velvety scales, or fibrillose ; stem stuffed, then fistulose, tough, more or less hairy ; gills separating, then free, ventricose, rather distant, white. — Bull. t. 522 ,f. 2. A.stipitarius. Fr. Epicr. p. 87. Alb. fy Sch. t. 9,/. 6. Berk. Outl. t. 5,/. < . Russ. i. t. 68. On grass, old thatch, twigs, &c. [United States.] Pileus clothed with tawny or brown hairs, or fibres, which sometimes form scales, 4-5 lines broad ; stem 1-2 in. long, tough, bright brown. 145. Agazicus (Collybia) confluens. P. “ Confluent Collybia.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, flaccid, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem fistulose, slightly compressed, rufous, clothed with white, pulverulent down; gills remote, free, narrow, very crowded, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 88. Pers. Ic. Piet, t. 5./. 1. Buxb. iv. t. 20. Batsch.f. 104. Eng. FI. v.p. 46. Amongst leaves in woods. Common. [United States.] Pileus 1 in. across, reddish brown, in rings or confluent masses ; gills leav- ing a distinct area round the top of the stem ; stems adhering to each other ; densely tufted, at first convex, at length expanded, obsoletely umbonate, more or less irregular and compressed, the margin when fresh finely striate ; gills distinct, perfectly free, linear, finely serrulate, pale, changing to cream colour ; stem 2 in. high, or more, above 1 line thick, compressed, thickest upwards, pale rufous below, the whole covered with white mealy pubescence, not strigos e . — M .J.B. 146. Agazicus (Collybia) ingzatus. Schum. “Unpleasant Collybia.” Pileus rather fleshy, globose, campanulate, or convex, umbo- nate, even; stem fistulose, long, contorted, rather compressed, pulverulent or downy, especially above, umber below ; gills free, narrow, very crowded, pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 88. Berk. Out.p. 117. Var. B. Pileus convex, obtuse ; stem villoso-pulverulent. — Berk . Out.p. 117. In woods. Differs principally from A. confluens in the gills not leaving a free space round the top of the stem. — M. J. B. AGARICINI. 57 147. Agaxicus (Collybia) vertisrugis. Cooke. “Wrinkled Collybia.” Pileus tough, thin, radiato-rugose, minutely pulverulent, cam- panulate, then convex, at length plane ; stem minutely velvety, strigose at the base, fistulose ; gills adnate, white, with a yellow- ish tinge, connected by veins. — Ag.undatus. Berk. Outl. p. 117, no. 107. Eng. FI. y.p. 51. On dead fern roots. Pilens not exceeding 1 in. across, dull brown, or cinereous, campanulate, at length convexo-plane, wrinkled in the direction of the gills, tough, sub- membranaceous, minutely pulverulent ; gills truly adnate, ascending or hori- zontal, moderately distant, connected by veins, white, with a yellowish tinge; stem 2-2 j in. high, ^-1 line thick, strigose at the base, rufous, minutely vel- vety, fistulose, sometimes compressed. — M. J. B. As Ag. undatus Fries, has precedence of this species, the name adopted by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley must be given up, and we therefore substitute another. According to custom this would be Ag. Berkeleyi , if that name had not already been adopted for an Indian species. 148. Agaiicus (Collybia) conigenus. P. “ Fir-cone Collybia.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, nearly plane, unequal, sub-umbonate, smooth ; stem minutely fistulose, tough, pulverulent, becoming pallid, root strigose or fibrillose ; gills free, narrow, much crowded, becoming pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 89. Buxb. i. t. 57, /. 2. Sow . t. 206. Eng. FI. y.p. 50. On fir cones. Oct. Nov. Pileus about 1 in. across, reddish brown art; first, pallid when dry, rather irregular, umbonate, expanded, often depressed, sometimes quite smooth, occasionally more or less lanato-pubescent, sometimes tinged with choco- late ; flesh woolly when dry, firm when moist ; gills very numerous, linear, free, or only adnexed, tinged with yellow, or of the colour of the pileus, the unequal ones very long; stem variable in length, ^-1^ lines thick, tough, pul- verulento-pubescent, with a long, very strigose, rooting base, rufous, hollow, woolly inside.— M. J. B. Spores ‘000i X *00015 in. 149. Agaricus (Collybia) ciirhatus. Schum. “ Cirrhate Collybia.” Pileus rather fleshy, plane, silky, at length umbilicate; stem slightly fistulose, flexuose, equal, pallid, pulverulent; root twisted, fibrillose; gills adnate, crowded, narrow white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 90. Batsch.f. 95. Berk. Out. p. 117. Amongst leaves, &c. [Cincinnati.] Often attached to a little yellowish, nodular Sclerotium. Stem 1-2 in. long, filiform, pallid ; pileus 5-6 lin. broad, rather silky, at length finely and con- centrically rivulose, opaque, white. D 5 58 AGARICINI. 150 . Agaaricus (Collybia) tubearosus. Bull. “ Tuberous Collybia.” White ; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbo- nate, smooth, even ; stem sub-fistulose, obsoletely pulverulent ; root smooth, springing from a sclerotioid tuber, somewhat yel- lowish ; gills adnate, crowded, slender, white. — Fr. Epicr . p. 90. Gard. Chron. 1860, p. 456, fig. Bull. t. 256. FI. Dan. 1613. Batsch.f. 93. Grev . t. 23. Eng. FI. v. p. 51. Berk. Mag. Zool . Bot. no. 44. On dead Russulce , &c., and on the ground. Aug. — Nov. Small; pileus 2-9 lines broad, sub-carnose, at first convex, then expanded, and sub-umbonate, sometimes depressed, white, shining, with a satiny lustre; gills numerous, close, acutely adnate ; stem 1 in. long, very slender, white, or subrufescent, under the lens pulverulent, falsely fistulose ; the stems have a tendency to become engrafted on each other; either attached to or without a Sclerotium . — Eng. FI. Abundant in the tubes of a dead Polyporus squa- mosus , Epping Forest, 1869. Specimen in the British Museum. — W. G. *8, Spores *0001 X ’00007 in. 151 . Agaaricus (Collybia) racemosus. P. “Branched Collybia.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, convex, grey, somewhat tom entose, (sprinkled with racemose abortive pilei), stem stuffed, base sclerotioid, black ; gills adnate, crowded, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 90. Sow.t.Z&l. Pers. disp. t. 3, f. 8. (Nees.f. 190.J Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 45. On the ground, or on putrid Agarics. Very rare. Turns almost black in drying. Sect. 3. Lcevipedes — stem naked, smooth. 152 . Agaaricus (Collybia) acearvatus. Fr. “ Tufted Collybia.” Csespitose; pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, at length umbonate, smooth , hygrophanous ; margin slightly striate ; stem fistulose, equal, naked, rufous ; base rooting, tomentose ; gills free, narrow, much crowded, at first whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 92. At the base of old fir stems. Pileus when moist reddish, when dry whitish, 2-3 in. broad ; stem 2-4 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, quite smooth, except at the base. 153 . Agaaricus (Collybia) collinus. Scop . “ Hill Collybia.” Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, smooth ; stem fistulose, equal, abrupt, naked, even, growing pale ; AGARICINI. 59 gills free, ventricose, lax, white, becoming pallid. — Scop. Cam. p. 432. Fr. Epicr.p. 90. Schceff. t. 220. FI. Dan. t. 1609. Bull. t. 403,/. 1. Seem. Journ. Bot . iv.^. 347. On grassy slopes. Pileus rather viscid, somewhat striate, shining when dry, 1-2 in. broad, smooth, tawny or tan colour, becoming pale ; stem 3-4 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, hollow and rather fragile ; gills free and rather distant, quaternate. 154. Agaiicus (Collybia) xanthopus. Fr. “Yellow-stemmed Collybia.” Pilens rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, sub-umbonate, even, smooth ; stem fistulose, equal, yellow, even ; base equal, rooting, strigose; gills truncate behind, free, broad, thin, lax, crowded, whitish. — Fr.Epicr. p. 91. Batsch. f. 209, var. Eng. FI. v.p. 46. About the stumps of trees, &c. July. Pilens 1-2 in. broad, tough, sub-convex, becoming pale ; stem 3 in. high, rigid, strigose at the base. — Fries . 155. Agaricus (Collybia) daryophilus. Bull, “Wood Collybia.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, nearly plane, obtuse, rather depressed, even, smooth, turning pale ; stem fistulose, smooth, reddish brown, or yellowish ; gills sinuate, adnexed (at length with a decurrent tooth), nearly free, crowded, narrow, white or pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 92. Bull. t. 434. Sow. t. 127. Schceff. t. 255. Price , /. 12. Huss. i. t. 39. Eng. FI. y.p. 47. Badh. i. t. 8,/. 2, ii. t. 7,/. 5. Amongst leaves in woods. Very common. [United States.] Pileus 1-2 in., whitish, pinkish, yellowish, or livid, plane, sometimes de- pressed, fleshy, thin, tender, easily injured, of a watery substance ; gills free, white, or very pale flesh colour, soft, tender, entire, or serrate, numerous ; stem 2-3 in. high, 4-3 in. thick, shining, splitting, sometimes twisted, of the same colour as the pileus, summit generally darker and pinkish ; the whole plant fragile, and the pileus easily detached from the stem.— Grev. Spores pip-shaped as in Marasmius peronatus, Fr . ; length *00025 in.— W. G. S. 156. Agaricus (Collybia) exsculptus. Fr. “Sulphur-gill Collybia.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, tough, convex, then expanded, umbili- cate, unchangeable ; stem fistulose, slender, incurved, short, smooth ; gills almost free (with a decurrent tooth), arcuate, much crowded, narrow, sulphur coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 93. B.fyBr. Ann. N.H. 1866, no. 1109. 60 AGARICIN1. On decayed oak and on turf. Pileus 1-2 in. ; allied to A. dryopkilus, but tougher ; the gills are sulphur coloured and transversely striate. 157. Agazicus (Collybia) tenacellus. P. “ Delicate Collybia.” Pileus rather fleshy, nearly plane, sub-umbonate, smooth, even ; stem scantily fistulose, tough, naked, tawny; root strigose; gills emarginate, adnexed, broad, loose, sub-distant, snowy white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 92. Sow. t. 206. Pers. Ic. pict. t . f. 3-4. Eng. FI. v. p . 50. A. griseus , Schceff. t. 236. On fir cones. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 1 in. across, tinged with brown, when young conic, then convex and sub-hemispherical, at length expanded and nearly plane, sometimes slightly umbilicate, not striate, sub-carnose, smooth, dry, cinereous, inclining to yellowish, often altogether abortive ; gills free, or often adnexed, ventricose, rather distant, shorter ones truncate behind, in general pure white, some- times with a tinge of grey, under a powerful lens covered with variously hooked or conic papillae ; stem 2-4 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, flexuous, filiform, attenuated very much towards the base, and somewhat strigose, hollow, pale above, below tawny, very minutely pubescent under a good lens, when young beautifully downy, and then not distinctly hollow, but with only a pale line down the centre. Taste pleasant. -M. J. B. Spores '0002 X *00013 in. 158. Agazicus (Collybia) esculentus. Jaeq. “Nail Mush- room.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, nearly plane, obtuse, smooth; stem fistulose, equal, tough, straight, rooting, very smooth, clay coloured ; gills adnate, lax, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 92. Jacq. Coll. ii. 1. 14, /. 4. Tratt. Esb. t. F. Lenz.f. 18. Bull. t. 422, /.2. Vaill. 1 . 11,/. 16-18. Cooke B.F. t. 6,/. i. Eng.Fl.v.p.50. In pastures. Spring. Esculent. [United States.] Pileus about 1 in. across, sometimes striate, and occasionally fuscous ; gills broad, rather close; stem 2 in. high, 1 line thick, obsoletely fistulose ; root generally smooth, sometimes 6 in. long, and downy when growing amongst leaves, either perpendicular or flexuous. Taste bitter, unpleasant. — Eng. FI. 159. Agazicus (Collybia) clavus. Bull. “ Bolton’s Collybia.” Pileus rather fleshy, almost plane, obtuse, even ; stem stuffed, thin, smooth, straight, white; gills free, crowded, white, separat- ing slightly at the base. — Fr. Epicr. p. 94. Bull. 1 . 148, A(7.,£. 569 F. Bolt. t. 39, B. Vaill. 1 . 11, f. 19-20. On twigs, leaves, &c. AGAEXCINI. 61 e< Tliis is a minute species, differing from A. acicula in its white stem and gills, but agreeing somewhat in the orange-red pileus. It is introduced on the faith of Bolton’s figure and description, t. 39, B , which however, may possibly be A. acicula. The c English Flora’ plant is A. acicula — M.J.B. 160. Agaricus (Collybia) ocellatus. Fr . “ Ocellate Collybia.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, nearly plane, even, disc depressed, darker, umbonate; stem minutely fistulose, filiform, smooth, brownish white ; base rooting, fibrillose ; gills adnexed, then separating, crowded, white. — Fr. Fpicr. p. 94. Bull.t. 569 , /. 1, H.P. Eng. Fl.v.p. 51. On the ground, amongst leases. Pileus even, smooth, sometimes repand ; disc yellow, brown, or rufous ; gills close, narrow; stem obsoletely fistulose, 1-3 in. long, sub-filiform, paler above. — Fries. Sect . 4. Tephrophance — dingy, hygrophanous. 161. Agasricus (Collybia) inolens. Weinm . ‘‘Scentless Collybia.” Inodorous. Pileus rather fleshy, campanulato-conyex, then ex- panded, rigid, umbonate, smooth, hygrophanous, opaque; margin finely striate, stem stuffed, then hollow, rigid, undulated, whitish - strigose at the base, whitish-squamulose at the apex, gills adnexed, seceding, crowded, whitish, then grey. — Weinm, no. 183. Fr. Epic.p. 96. In pine woods. Street. — J. A. C. Livid, stem 2-3 in. long, 1-1^ lin. thick, but compressed, 31in. broad. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, repand, unequal, livid, when dry rather silky, pale tan colour. 162. Agaricus (Collybia) plexipes. Fr. “Twisted Collybia. ” Inodorous. Pileus submembranaceous, camp anul ate, subru- gose, somewhat striate, smooth ; stem fistulose, equal, tough, sericeo-fibrous, with entangled fibres, base abruptly rooting ; gills free, rather crowded, white, becoming glaucous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 96. S. M. i. p. 146. FI. Dan. t. 2023,/. 2. On trunks. Pileus at first blackish, dirty white at the margin, then livid -fuliginous. Firm stem, scarcely rooting, about 3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, dingy, fibrous, obsoletely striate. Pileus campanulate, 1-2 in. broad. — Fries. Spores *00016 X -00033 in.— IF. G. S. 62 AGAPICXNX. 163. Agairicus (Collybia) lacearatus* Lasch. “Tom Collybia.” Pilens between fleshy and membranaceous, campannlate, rather blunt, moist, streaked with brown ; stem stuffed, then hollow, firm, twisted, fibroso-striate, floccoso-pruinose above, at length compressed ; gills adnexed, distant, broad, thick, greyish white. —Fr. Epicr.p. 96. Berk. Out.p. 120. In pine woods. Pileus 1^ in. across, dingy, pallid when dry. 164:. Agazicus (Collybia) protr actus. Fr. “Protracted Colly bia.” Pileus submembranaceous, convexo-plane, shining, disc fleshy, depressed, sub-papillate, darker ; margin striate ; stem obsoletely fistulose, even, smooth, grey ; root long, fibrilloso-strigose ; gills fixed, ventricose, very broad, grey, finely dusted with the white spores.— Fr. Ep.p. 97. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1110. On the ground. Nov. Ascot. Stem 3 in. and more, pilens grey -brown, scarcely an inch broad, gills ob- liquely ovate, 3 lines broad and more. — E.F. 165. Agaricus (Collybia) atratus. Fr. “ Charcoal Collybia.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, plane, then depressed, umbilicate, smooth, shining, margin convex ; stem stuffed, tough, even, smooth, short, brown without and within ; gills adnate, rather broad, whitish-grey. — Fr. Epicr.p. 98. Ann. N.H. no. 671. On burnt soil in woods. Pileus 1 in. across, dark brown at first ; stem 1 in. high, 1-2 lines thick. Spores -00023 X -00016 in. — W. G. S. Sub-Gen. 8. Mycena. Fr. S. M. i. p. 140. Pileus more or less membranaceous, generally striate, with the margin always straight, and at first pressed to the stem, never involute, expanded, campanulate, and generally umbonate (not depressed, as in Omplialia ) ; stem externally cartilaginous, tubu- lar, not stuffed when young, confluent with the hymenophore, but heterogeneous from it ; gills never decurrent, though some species have a broad sinus near the stem. — (PZ. II. u fig. 8.) Hab. Mostly epiphytal. Most of the species are small, beautiful, and inodorous, but some which have a strong alkaline odour are probably poisonous ; none are known to be edible. They appear after rain in summer and autumn. AGARICINI. 63 Sect. 1. Calodontes — margin of gills darkest. 166. Agaxicus (Mycena) pelianthinus. Fr . “Purplish Mycena.” Pilens somewhat fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, moist, hygrophanous ; margin striate ; stem firm, fibrilloso- striate above, equal, pallid ; gills adnexed, emarginate, beautifully con- nected by veins, purplish, with a darker, toothed edge. — Fr. Epicr . p. 99. Batt.t. 19,/. F. Bolt. tA,f. 1. FI. Dan. 1. 1911,/. 1. Berk. Outl. t. 6./. 1. Eng . FI. v.p. 43. Mag. Zool. Bot . no. 2. Amongst dead leaves in woods. Pileus l-£ in. broad, when moist transparent, when dry whitish, tinged with purple, the disc fleshy, even, rather obtuse, flesh white ; gills elegantly con- nected by a net-work of veins, distant, purple, when dry fuscous-umber ; veil none; stem 2-3 in. high, 1^-2 lines thick, smooth, becoming pallid ; spores white. — Fries . The gills are sprinkled over with short purple hairs, arranged in fascicles on the edge. Smell strong. — M. J. B. 167. Agaxicus (Mycena) balaninus. P. “Beech-mast Mycena.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth when dry, striate when moist ; stem striate, rooting, villous below, squamu- lose above ; gills adnate, then seceding, connected by veins, some- what reddish, with a purple edge. — Fr. Epicr. p. 99. Berk. Mag. Zool. Bot. i. t. 15,/. 2. Amongst leaves, beech-mast, &c. Pare. Pileus 1^ in. broad, convex, sub-campanulate, obtusely umbonate, at length more or less expanded, ochraceous, with a slight tinge of umber, very minutely mealy, slightly rugulose, carnoso-membranaceous, margin scarcely striate ; gills broad, rounded, quite free, with the exception of a connecting tooth, rather distant, pale, sprinkled, and fringed with dull purple spiculse, inter- stices veiny. Spores white, elliptic; stem 2^ in. high, 1-2 lines thick, attenu- ated downwards, flexuous, rigid, white, and mealy within the pileu^, deep sienna brown below, dark brown at the base, which is embedded more or less in a spongy mass, by which it adheres to the “mast,” shining, quite smooth, fistulose.— M . J. B. 168. Agaxicus (Mycena) marginellus. Fr. “Margined Mycena.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, umbo darker, smooth, finely striate; stem smooth, gills slightly adnexed, distant, white, the edges darkened with minute particles. — Epicr. p. 100. B. fy Br. Ann. N. HAWS, no. 988. On fir trunks, amongst Hypnum. Mu. g. Aboyne. 64 AGARICINI. “Pileus 3 lines across, conical, striate, pallid grey, darker in the centre, minutely rivulose ; margin sub-crenulate ; stem short, slightly curved, shin- ing, quite smooth, minutely fistulose; gills distant, slightly adnexed, white, with a purple margin. Under a high magnifying power the pileus (especially the edge) and stem appear clothed with minute glandular particles, similar to those which colour the edge of the gills.” — B. & Br . 169. Agaxicus (Mycena) elegans. P. “ Elegant Mycena.” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, striate, almost um- bonate ; stem eyen, equal, rigid, floccoso-fibrillose at tbe base ; gills narrow, adnate, livid or wbitisb, edge yellow, entire. — Fr . Epicr.p. 100, FI. Dan . t. 2024,/. 2. Eng. FI. v. p. 59. In woods. [S. Carolina.] Pileus ^ in. or more across, greyish, or livid yellow, obtuse, striate, mar- gin paler, gills rather broad, adnate, with a minute tooth, scarcely ven- tricose, the part nearest the pileus livid; margin beautiful yellow; stem 1-2 in. high, rather brittle, slender, minutely pilose, yellow above, brown below, fistulose, the base strigose, rather swollen, filled with watery juice. — M. J. B. 170. Agaricus (Mycena) rabromarginatus . Fr. “Red- bordered Mycena.” Pileus somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate, hygrophanous ; stem rigid, even, without juice ; gills adnate, dis- tant, whitish, edged with purple or purple-brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 101. Berk. Out. p. 122. On pine stumps. Nov. Stem 1-2 in. long, scarcely exceeding 1 line thick, equal, livid, pallid. Pileus membranaceous, obtuse, about an inch across, hygrophanous, livid reddish or purplish-brown, becoming pale. Somewhat resembling A. sanguinolentus but distinguished at once by the absence of red juice in the stem. — M. J. B. 171. Agaxicus (Mycena) strobilinus. Pers. “ Fir-cone Mycena.” Scarlet. Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, with an acute umbo, even ; margin striate ; stem rigid, without juice, even, clothed with white strigose hairs at the base ; gills adnate, edge of a dark blood-red colour. — Fr. Epicr.p. 101. FI. Dan. t. 2025,/. 1. Ag. coccineuSj Sow. 1. 197. Eng. FI. v. p. 5-9. A. coccinellus , Fr. Mon. Hym.ii. p. 200. On fir cones. Rare. Subgregarious, subfasciculate. Pileus 3-5 lines broad, campanulate, with a rather short, fleshy umbo, smooth, bright red, or red-orange, striate at the margin ; gills adnate, with a decurrent process, distant, whitish-red, edges dull and darker red ; stem 1-2 in. high, hollow, firm, smooth, pale red, stri- gose at the base and whitish, often with a long root. — Grev. AGARICINI. 65 172. Agazicus (Mycena) arosellus. Fr, “ Rosy Mycena.” Rose-coloured. Pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, obtuse, umbonate, striate ; stem thin, soft, without juice, whitish fibril- lose at the base ; gills adnate, with the edge darker. — Fr.Epicr. p. 101. FI. Dan. t. 2025./. 2. Pers. Syn. t. 5,/. 3. Amongst fir leaves. Rare. Smaller, thinner, softer, and paler, than A. strobilinus , which it otherwise somewhat resembles, although perfectly distinct. Sect. 2. Adonidece — stem not dilated at base, gills of one colour. 173. Agazicus (Mycena) puzus. P. l ' 1 Amethyst Mycena.” Strong scented. Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then ex- panded, obtuse, umbonate, smooth, turning pallid ; margin striate ; stem rigid, even, nearly naked, villous at the base ; gills very broad, widely sinuate, adnexed, connected by veins, paler than the pileus. — Fr. Epicr.p.lQ2. Huss.\\.t.4$. Eng.Fl.Y.p.b 0. Paul . 1. 119. FI. Dan. 1. 1612, 1673, /.l. Batsch.j. 20. Larbr. t. 13,/. 4. Bull, t. 507. Schceff. t. 303. Amongst leaves in woods. Common. [S. Carolina.] Gregarious. Pileus J-2 in. broad, sub-carnose, obtuse, convex, at length depressed, the margin thin, pellucid, sometimes marked with two or three concentric groves, amethyst, or rose-coloured, soon changing to a pale brown purple, at last nearly white ; gills broad, adnate, sometimes almost decurrent, at first whitish, then amethyst or rose, then subrufescent, connected by veins, margin uneven ; stem often twisted, more or less fibrillose, at length smooth, tough, hollow, lined with silky fibres, splitting easily upwards, the base often strigose. Always distinguishable by its taste, and odour like that of radishes. — M.J.B. Spores *00023 X *00013 in. 174. Agazicus (Mycena) Saris. Berk. “ Blue Mycena.” Pileus hemispherical, obtuse, striate, sub-viscid, adorned with blue fibrillse ; stem fasciculate, pilose ; gills almost free. — Berk. Outl. t. 6./. 3. Eng. FI. v.p. 56. On fir stumps. Oct. Rare. Fasciculate or scattered, brittle, when young the pileus and stem are bright sky-blue, and beautifully tomentose. Pileus f-f in. broad, membranaceous, hemispherical, obtuse, striate, umber, clothed with blue fibrillse, which are glued down to the epidermis, scattered in the centre, thicker and more free on the margin, which is slightly denticulate ; gills free or slightly adnexed, linear, pale cinereous, the margin sometimes denticulate ; stem, l|-3^ in. high, not 1 line broad, not rooting, blue below, above subrufescent, the to- mentum below depressed and blue, above nearly white, minutely but distinctly fasciculato-pilose, in very elongated specimens obsolete. — M. J. B. 66 AGARICINI. 175. Agazicus (Mycena) Adonis. Bull . “ Delicate Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, conico-campanulate, smooth, nearly even ; stem slender, even, smooth ; gills adnexed, uncinate, nar- row, white, or tinged with rose colour. — Fr. Epicr.p. 102. Bull . £.560,/. 2. Eng. FI. Y.p. 6 0. In woods. Pare. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 3-4 lines high, and broad, campanulate, rose-coloured, white, yel- lowish, or green ; gills not decurrent ; stem 2 in. or more high. — Fries. ,176. Agazicus (Mycena) luteo-albus. Bolt. “ Bolton’s Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, umbonate, slightly stri- ate ; stem filiform, dry, shining, smooth, yellowish ; gills adnate, subuncinate, broad, white. — Fr. Epicr.p . 103. Bolt. t. 38,/. 2. Eng . FI. y.p. 60. Amongst moss in woods. Rare. Pileus 3-4 lines high and broad, dry ; gills sub-ventricose ; stem 1-2 in. high, filiform, sub-flexuous. — Fries. 177. Agazicus (Mycena) flavo-albus. Fr. “ Yellow- white Mycena.” Pileus somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, or convex, smooth, almost even, then expanded and umbonate ; stem slightly rigid, straight, white, pellucid, pruinose above; gills free, separ- ating, at length plane, ventricose, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 103. B. Br. Ann.N.H. 1865, no. 989. A. pumilus. BulL t. 260. A. lac - teus , Berk. Eng. FI. Y.p. 60. On moss at the base of trunks of trees. Formerly mixed up by Fries with A. lacteus . Pileus variable, yellowish, or entirely white ; sometimes difficult to distin- guish from A. lacteus, 3-6 lin. broad, conico-campanulate, at length expanded, minutely umbonate, when dry pure white ; flesh thin, margin transparent, more or less striate and crenulate ; gills white, slightly ventricose, adnate or adnexed, connected by veins ; stem 1-2 in. high, | line thick, sometimes root- ing, pulverulent above, pulverulento-fibrillose below, with a little down at the base, not brittle. — M. J. B. 178. Agazicus (Mycena) lacteus. P. “ Milk-white Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, sub -umbonate, when moist striate, even when dry ; stem equal, filiform, rather tough, flexile, smooth; gills adnate, ascending, narrow, milk-white. — Fr.Epicr. p. 103. FI. Dan. 1. 1845,/. 1. Bull. t. 563,, f. N.O. Buxb.\Y.,t. 31, AGARICINI. 67 In fir woods, on leaves, or naked soil. [8. Carolina.] Stem 1 in. and more long, villous at tlie base. Pileus thin, papillate, even when dry, 3-5 lin. broad - } gills scarcely ^ lin. broad. Spores *0002 X ’OOOlSin. Sect . 3. Rigidipedes — stem firm, rigid. 179. Agaricus (Mycena) parolifearus. Sow. “ Proliferous Mycena.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, carapanulate, then expanded, dry, with a broad darker umbo ; margin at length sulcate ; stem firm, rigid, smooth, shining, minutely striate, rooting ; gills adnexed, sub- distinct, white, then pallid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 105. Sow. t. 169. On soil in gardens. Inodorous. Densely csespitose ; stem frequently proliferous. Stem pallid above, but be- low tawny or bay ; pileus pallid, disc darker and obtusely umbonate ; margin somewhat striate, and at length cracked. 180. Agaricus (Mycena) rugosus. Fr. “ Rugose Mycena.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, with un- equal elevated wrinkles, cinereous; stem firm, tough, smooth, pallid, strigose below ; gills arcuato-adnate, uncinate, connected by veins, sub-distant, whitish grey. — Fr. Ep. p. 106. B. Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 990. Bull . t. 518./. K.M. On a prostrate oak. Sep. Bodelwyddan. “ Pileus at first campanulate, then convex, sulcate up to the umbo, cinere- ous, as well as the short compressed stem, which is glabrous above ; gills dis- tant, cinereous, uncinato-adnate, connected by veins.” — B. & Br. 181. Agaxicus (Mycena) galericulatus. Scop. “ Little-cap Mycena.” Pileus submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, then expanded, striate to the umbo, dry, smooth ; stem rigid, polished, even, smooth, base rooting, fusiform ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, connected by veins, whitish, or flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 106. Bull. t. 518./. C.D.E. Hoffm. t. 4,/. 1. Paul. 1. 122, f. 7. Eng. Fl.v.p. 58. Price/. 55. On trunks of trees. Very common. [United States.] Often densely csespitose, sometimes scattered. Pileus 3-9 lines broad, some- times larger, campanulate or conical, often subumbonate, at length depressed, innato-fibrillose, striate, brownish -white, with sometimes tints of blue or yellow ; gills rather distant, not so broadly adnate as in A. alcalinus , some- times nearly free, often pinkish ; stem variable in length, rigid, smooth, ex- cept at the base, which is densely strigose. Inodorous, insipid. — M . J. B. 68 AGARICINI. 182. Agaiicus (Mycena) polygsrammus. Bull . “ Sulcate-stem Mycena.” Pileus submembranaceous, conico - camp anulate, sub -umbonate, dry, striate ; stem rigid, tough, sulcato- striate throughout its length; rooting, strigose at the base, shining ; gills attenuated behind (free or uncinate), whitish or flesh-coloured. — Fr . Epicr. p. 107. Bull. t. 395. Sow. t. 222. FI. Dan. 1. 1615,/. 1, 1. 1498. Batsch.f. 85 (young ). Linncea. v. t. 7,/. 1. Eng. FI. v.p. 58. On trunks of trees. Common. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 1-1^ in. broad, at first cinereous, umber towards the margin, glandi- form, pruinose, then livid brown, conico-campanulate, submembranaceous, rugose, with innate fibres, margin striate ; gills rather distant, at first dirty white, then pinkish, ventricose, though sometimes almost linear, all but free, margin subserrulate ; stem 3 in. high, 1 line or more thick, regularly and deeply striate, the interstices fibrillose, but occasionally the striae are obso- lete, silvery, rooting, fistulose, nearly the colour of the pileus, but paler, twisted, brittle; inodorous, insipid. — M.J.B. Spores ’00035 X ’00026m. ( PI. II. y fig. 8, reduced.) 183. Agasricus (Mycena) parabolicus. A. fy S. “ Fir-trunk Mycena.” Pileus submembranaceous, at first oval, then parabolic, obtuse, discoid, becoming pale, striate half way ; margin entire, turning white ; stem rigid, even, smooth, colour of the pileus, base stri- gose, swollen, abruptly rooting ; gills simple, adnate, ascending, nearly distinct, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 107. Sow. 1. 165. On trunks, especially of fir. Stem 2-3 in. long, 1 lin. thick, incrassated at the base, below becoming pale, above dull violet, mealy when young. Pileus obtuse, moist, disc black- ish, verging on violet, otherwise becoming pale and whitish. Sect. 4. Fi'agilipedes — stem fragile. 184. Agaricus (Mycena) atro-albus. Bull. “ Bi-coloured Mycena.” Bather firm ; pileus somewhat fleshy, obtuse, campanulate, even, smooth, opaque, brown ; whitish and striate about the mar- gin; stem straight, shining, two-coloured ; root swollen, bulbous, hairy ; gills attenuated, almost free, yentricose, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 108. Bolt. t. 187. Eng. FI. v. p. 56. Amongst moss, at the roots of trees. Solitary, or gregarious, rather firm j pileus obtuse ; stem 2-3 in. long, some- times pruinose at the apex. — Fries. AGARICnsn. 69 185. Agaaricus (Mycena) dissiliens. Fr. “ Splitting Mycena.” Very fragile ; pilens submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, obtuse, lineato-plicate to the middle ; stem attenuated, somewhat incurved, minutely striate, cinereous, dark ; base strigose ; gills rounded, seceding, at length free, broad, soft, whitish, grey at the base. — Fr. Epicr.p. 108. Bolt. t. 154. Mich. t.79,f. 5. PauL 1 . 122 ,/. 8 ? On trunks of trees. Strong scented. Stem 2 in. long, strigose at the base, very fragile, 1-2 lin. thick, cinereous, compressed, splitting in revolute flaps. Pileus cinereous-brown, whitish at the margin, sulcate to the middle, dry. 186. Agaricus fMycena) alcalinus. Fr. “ Stump Mycena.” Rigid, but brittle, strong scented ; pileus rather membranace- ous, campanulate, obtuse, naked, deeply striate, moist, shining when dry ; stem smooth, slightly sticky, shining, villous at the base; gills adnate, rather distant, white, then glaucescent. — Fr. Epicr.p. 109. Schceff. t. 31-32. Eng . FI. v. p. 57. Gard. Ghron. (1861), jp. 1114. On trunks of trees. Common. [S. Carolina.] Solitary or csespitose ; pileus \-2 in. broad, subcarnose, umbonate, sub-um- bonate, or quite obtuse, even, with or without imbedded fibrillge, at first conico-papillate, rugose, cinereous, or tinged with olive, sub-striate, when old expanded or depressed, but little changed in colour, though occasionally with a pink or yellow hue ; gills adnate, with a tooth, distant when old, slightly ventricose, at first pale, then glaucous, pinkish, or yellowish, more or less connected by veins. Stem 3 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, fistulose, sub- fibrilloso-striate, attenuated upwards, downy at the base, the down sometimes tawny, sometimes firm and tenacious, sometimes very brittle, grey above, yellowish or reddish beneath when young, but when old sometimes changing above to a bright yellow ; odour pungent, like fermented or putrid walnuts. — M.J.B. Spores *0003 X ‘0002 in. 187. Agaaricus (Mycena) paupearculus. Berk. “Little-stump Mycena.” Strong scented ; pileus obtusely conical or hemispherical, mi- nutely innato-fibrillose, submembranaceous ; stem smooth, root- ing, villous at the base ; gills at first free, then adnexed, white. — Berk. Outl.p. 125. Eng . FI. v.p. 57. Inside decayed stumps. Minute, ochraceous-white. Pileus 1 line broad, fleshy, rather firm, scarcely membranaceous, obtusely conic or hemispherical, most minutely but de- cidedly innato-fibrillose, pale ochraceous-white, in age almost tawny, pro- bably stained by the wood on which it grows. When moist the gills shine through, giving a striate appearance, but not always. Gills white, adnexed 70 AGARICINI. by reason of the growth of the pileus, when young free. Stem ^-1 in. high, ^ line thick, white, curved, rooting, the root villous, minutely stuffed, smooth, even under a high magnifying power, powdered at the top with the spores, generally thicker below ; spores white, round ; odour farinaceous.— M. J. B. 188. Agazicus (Mycena) vitzeus. Fr. “ Glassy Mycena.” Very fragile; pileus membranaceous, campanulate, every where lineato-striate, except the umbo or somewhat fleshy disc ; stem slender, minutely striate, shining, base fibrillose ; gills adnate, distinct, linear, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 111. B.fyBr. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1111. In woods. Oct. Bryn Tyrch, Caernarvon. Pileus livid brown, margin naked. Stem 2-4 in. long, ^lin. thick, minutely striate, base fibrillose, insinuating itself amongst moss, falsely rooting (pseudo-radicate). 189. Agazicus (Mycena) tenuis. Bolt. “ Slender Mycena.” Very brittle; pileus membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, lineato-striate, margin crenate, appendiculate ; stem mem- branaceous, pellucid, straight ; gills adnate, distant, distinct, thin, watery, whitish.— Fr. Epicr.p. 111. Bolt . t. 37. Price f. 9. In shady moist woods. Bare. Delicate, very fragile and watery. Stem 3 in. or more long, scarcely 1 lin. thick ; hyaline white, or yellowish, at the base. Pileus about ^ in, broad, hy- aline, or tawny white. Spores ’00015 X ‘0001 in. — W. G. S. 190. Agazicus (Mycena) tenellus. Sclmm. “ Delicate Mycena.” Csespitose. Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, pellucid ; margin striate ; stem slender, soft, smooth; base villous ; gills uncinate, very thin, crowded, white or flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 111. Ray. Syn. t . 1,/. 2. On decayed trees, Pileus \ in. broad, entirely white, or tinged with rose-colour. Has not been found since the time of Bay, and it is very rare on the Continent. — M. J. B. Sect. 3. Filopedes — stem filiform, flaccid. 191. Agazicus (Mycena) filopes. Bull. “ Thready-stem Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, obtuse, campanulate, then expanded, striate; stem filiform, flaccid, rather brittle, smooth ; base pilose, rooting ; gills free, lanceolate, crowded, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 112. Bull. t. 320. BLoffm. t. 6./. 1. Batsch.f. 2. Eng. FI. v.p. 56. AGARICINI. 71 In woods, amongst leaves. [United States.] Pileus livid, brown, or umber, tinged witb pink, ^ in. broad, convex, or conico-campanulate, striate ; gills free, or minutely adnexed, slightly ventri- cose, white, ora dilute shade of the pileus ; stem 2-3 in long, fist ulose, juicy, smooth, except the rooting base, which is pilose, livid, dirty white, or brownish. — M. J. B . 192. Agaricus (Mycena) vitilis. Fr. “ Flexile Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, conical, then expanded, papillate, moist, deeply striate, becoming pale; stem filiform, straight, flexile, smooth, without juice, shining, rooting ; gills attenuato- adnate, rather distant, greyish-white. — Fr . Epicr.p. 113. Sow. t. 385,/. 5. Bull. t. 518,/. 0. Amongst leaves. Stem thin, hollow, 3-6 in. long, filiform, rooting ; pileus papillate, 3-4 lin. broad, striate to the middle, dry, livid, or brown, becoming pale or whitish*; gills linear, whitish, or grey, edge growing paler. 193. Agaricus (Mycena) speiareus. Fr. “ Opaque Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, conico-convex, then plane, unpolished, striate ; disc darker, at length depressed ; stem filiform, tough, shining, fibrillose, rooting ; gills plane, then decurrent, distant, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 113. Berk. Out.p. 126. On mossy trunks. Stem 2 in. long, \ lin. thick; pileus 2-3 lines broad, opaque, greyish brown, sometimes fibrillose or pruinose. 194. Agaaricus (Mycena) acicula. Schceff. “Orange Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate or convex, smooth, orange-red ; margin striate, stem rooting, setaceous, tough, shin- ing ; gills rounded-adnexed, ventricose, distant, yellow, becoming whitish at the edge. — Fr. Epicr.p. 114. Schceff. t. 222. Eng . FI. v. p. 52. On leaves, twigs, &c., in woods. Pileus £-4 lines broad, campanulate, generally umbonate, margin striate, under a powerful lens, most minutely pilose, bright orange, the umbo darkest, sub-carnose, within deep orange; gills few, somewhat ventricose, adnexed or adnate, with shorter ones between them, white, tinged with yellow; stem about 1 in. long, quite filiform, flexuous, nearly equal, minutely pilose, like the pileus, pale yellow, with a line within.— Eng. FI. 72 AGARICINI. Sect. 4. Lactipedes — gills and stem milky. 185. Agaxicus (Mycena) hsematopus. Pers. “Bleeding Mycena.” Caespitose ; pilens fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, mar- gin denticulate; stem rigid, pulverulent, yielding a dark-red juice; gills adnate, white. — Pers. Obs. ii. p. 56. B. Br. Ann . N.H. 1865, no. 991. On old dead trunks. Sept. Bodelwyddan. [United States.] “ Tufted ; pileus moist, campanulate, then expanded, reddish, with a tinge of purple, ^-1 in. or more across, striate, very minutely rivulose ; stem pale rufous, flesh-coloured, at first thickened at the base, then nearly equal, fari- naceous ; gills distant, adnato-sub-decurrent, white, edge red ; interstices even; everywhere distilling when broken a dark-red juice. Far larger than any form of A. sanguineolentus or A. cruentus.” — B. Br. 196. Agaricus (Mycena) cruentus. Fr. “ Red-juiced Mycena.” Pileus submembranaceous, conico- campanulate, striate, mar- gin entire ; stem rigid, glabrous, villous at the base, distilling a red juice; gills adnate, whitish. — Fr. Sys. Myc. i. p. 149. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 992. On fir cones. Bodelwyddan, Flintshire. “ Pileus conic, obtuse, striate, margin indexed, entire ; substance at first rather thick in proportion; stem rigid, smooth, full of red juice, strigose at the base ; gills obtuse in front, shortly adnate, white; margin of the same colour.” — B. Br. 187. Agaricus (Mycena) sanguineolentus. A. $ S. “ Stinking Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate or convex, striate; stem flaccid, smooth, yielding a red juice ; gills adfixed, reddish, with a dark purplish edge. — Fr. Epicr. p. 115. Bull. t. 518, /. P. ( right ). Eng. FI. v. p. 59. Amongst leaves in woods. Sept. Oct. Solitary or gregarious ; pileus 1-2 lines broad, obtuse, margin striate, brownish purple, resembling that of the crust of port wine ; gills paler, ad- nate, with a tooth, margin purple; stem straight, smooth, sometimes at- tenuate, upwards of the same colour as the pileus, darker below, fistulose, replete with pellucid juice of the same colour ; when growing on fir cones strigose at the base ; odour strong. — M. J. B. Spores large, irregular, ap- proaching in shape some Hyporhodii '00034 X *0002 in. AGARICLNT. 73 198. Agaaicns (Mycena) cxocatus. ScJirad. “The Stainer.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, campanulate, sub-striate ; stem tall, attenuated, with a villous, rooting base, yielding a copious saffron-coloured juice ; gills attenuated behind, adnexed, ventri- cose, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 115. FL Dan. t. 1550,/. 1, 2024,/. 1. Knapp. Journ. Nat. t. 7. Ann. N.H. no. 672. Amongst leaves. Stem 3-5 in. long, about 1 lin. thick ; pileus ^-1 in. broad, olive, greyish, or whitish, margin quite smooth. 199 . Agaxricus (Mycena) chelidonms. Fr. “Celandine Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, nearly even ; stem even, smooth, rooting, compressed, with a yellow juice ; gills adnate, whitish, then yellowish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 115. Sow. t. 385,/. 4. On stumps of beech. Only found by Sowerby. Stem 1^-2 in. long, about 1 lin, thick, smooth, yellowish, with a sparing yellow juice, rooting; base villous; pileus |-1 in. broad, pellucidly striate when moist, even and opaque when dry, yellowisn, tinged with flesh colour. 200 . Agaricus (Mycena) galopns. Schrad . “White milky Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, rather umbonate, striate; stem slender, fibrillose, and rooting base, filled with white milk ; gills attenuated, adnexed, white, then glaucous. — Fr. Epicr . p. 115. Berk. Outl. t. 6,/. 2. FI. Dan . 1. 1550,/. 2. Batt. t. 28. Q. Eng. FI. v.p.58. Amongst leaves, under trees. [S. Carolina.] Pileus \-l in. broad, campanulate, or convex, ochraceous, the centre black- ish, pellucid, striate ; gills white, arcuato-adnate, or even decurrent ; stem 2-3 in. high, about 1 line thick, pale umber, base somewhat rooting, fibril- loso-tomentose, or even strigose, fistulose, not brittle ; milk mild, taste like that of radishes ; variable, but known by its white milk. — M. J. B. Sect 5. Glutinipedes — stem viscid, not milky. 201 . Agaricus (Mycena) epiptezygius. Scop. “ Yellow-stem Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, rather obtuse, striate, cuticle viscid, separable ; stem elongated, tough rooting, smooth, viscid, yellowish ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, variable in colour. — Fr. Epicr.p. 116. Sow. t. 92. FI. Dan. t. 2078,/. 2. Eng. FI. v.p. 62. Schceff. t. 31. E 74 AGARICINI Amongst fern leaves in woods. Aug. — Nov. Common. [United States.] Pileus lin. or more broad and high, obtuse, sometimes umbilicate, cine- reous yellow, occasionally white, bluish or rufous, sub-membranaceous, mar- gin striate and toothed, cuticle viscid, when moist easily tearing off; gills arcuato-adnate, sub-decurrent, partaking of the colour of the pileus. Stem 3-4 in. high, about 1 line thick, full yellow, viscid, smooth, tomentose at the base. — M.J.B. 202. Agaricus (Mycena) pelliculosus. Fr. “Pelliculose Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, lineato-striate, cuticle viscid, separable ; stem short, smooth, viscid, livid ; gills distant, glaucescent, joined behind and slightly decurrent. — Fr. Epicr. p. 116. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 788, no. mo* On heaths, on the ground. Hanham. Pileus ^-1 in., grey. Stem rather thickened above, short, viscid, livid, or brownish ; remarkable amongst its allies for the viscid separable cuticle. 203. Agaricus (Mycena) vulgaris. P. “ Common Mycena.” Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex, then depressed, pa- pillate, viscid ; stem tough, fibrillose at the base, rooting, cine- reous ; gills sub -decurrent, thin, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 116. FI. Dan. 167 8,/*. 2. Berk. Outl. t. 6, /. 4. Mag . Zool. fy Bot. no. 46. Pers . Ic. Piet. 1. 19,/. 3. Berk. exs. no. 133. On plantations, especially of larch. Oct. [United States.] Gregarious. Stem 1-2 in. long, about 1 lin. thick, greyish, rooting at the base, and whitish strigose. Pileus 3 lin. and more broad, slightly viscid, grey or tawny, 204. Agaricus (Mycena) citrinellus. P. “ Lemon-coloured Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, then plane, umbonate, striate, viscid, as well as the stem, which is villous at the base and lemon-coloured ; gills uncinate, white. — Fr.Ep.p. 116. Pers . Ic. Desc . 1. 11,/. 3. FI. Dan. 1. 1614,/. 1. Batsch.f. 88. In fir woods, &c. Small, delicate, becoming pale. Pileus 2-3 lin. broad, scarcely viscid, lemon -coloured, with the disc darker. Gills distant. Spores '00033 X '00028 in. AGARICI TS1. 75 205. Agairicus (Mycena) roridus. Fr . “ Dripping Mycena.” Very delicate ; pileus very thin, convex, sub-umbilicate, sul- cate, dry ; stem thread-like, very glutinous ; gills decurrent, dis- tant, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 117. Eng . FL Y.p. 30*. On dead bramble-twigs, &c. Pileus ^ in. broad, or more, dirty ochraceous, at length umbilicate, and slightly depressed, striate or plicate, often rugose, very minutely scabrous under a high magnifier. Gills white, strongly decurrent, broad, their edge powdery ; stem 1| in. or more high, very slender, fistulose, at first tinged with violet above, at length dirty ochre, pulverulent within the pileus, below clothed with abundant white pellucid gluten, which almost drips from it ; sometimes the whole plant is nearly white. — M. J. B. Sect . 6. Basipedes — stem dry, dilated at the base into a little disc. 206. Agaricus (Mycena) stylobates. P . “ Discoid Mycena.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate, sub-pi- lose ; stem filiform, smooth ; base orbicular, plane, villous, striate ; gills free, distinct, ventricose. — Fr. Epicr.p. 117. Berk. Outl . t . 6,/. 5. Pers. Syn . t . 5,/. 4. Sturm, t. 29. FI. Dan. t. 2025, f. 3. Eng. FI. Y.p. 61. On fern, twigs, &c. Aug. [S. Carolina.] Pure white. Pileus 2 lines or more broad, campanulate or hemispherical, sometimes broadly and obtusely umbonate, striate, with a round mark in the centre caused by the insertion of the stem, minutely pilose, not granu- lose; gills unequal, rounded, free. Stem 1-2 in. high, ^line thick, rather thicker at the base, flexuous, fistulose, downy or minutely pilose, though sometimes, as the pileus becomes quite smooth, fragile, adhering by a broad membranous, tomentose, radiato -striate disc. — M. J. B. Spores *0001 X *00005 in. 207. Agazicus (Mycena) tenesrrinms. Berh. ‘‘Delicate Mycena.” White, very delicate ; pileus convex, pruinose ; stem pilose, adhering by a minute pubescent disc ; gills free, ventricose. — Berk. Outl. t. 6,/. 6. Eng. FI. Y.p. 61. On fir-cones, sticks, &c. Gregarious, pure white. Pileus 1-1^ lines broad, very delicate, tender, and easily injured, not pilose, but frosted with minute granules; gills distant, unequal. Stem lin. high, scarce ^line thick, flexuous, fistulose, adhering by a minute pubescent disc, which is not the least striate ; spores white, round. 76 AGARICINX 208. Agazicus (Mycena) ptezigenus. Fr. “Fern-stem Mycena.” Very delicate, rose-coloured ; pileus campanulate, obtuse, nearly even ; stem flexuose, thread-like, smooth ; base swollen into a little bulb, which is radiato-strigose ; gills adnate, broad, distant, entire. — Fr. Epicr. p. 118. Pers. M.E. t. 28,/. 6. Berk . Outl. t. 6,f. 7. Eng. FI. v.p. 68. Mag. Zool. Bot. no. 47. Berk, exs. no. 184. On dead fern stems. Rare. This species varies in different individuals from bright orange-red to rose- colour, occasionally the upper part of the stem is brown ; the gills are orna- mented with a bright orange margin ; the pileus in the young state is oblong, oval, obtuse, minutely furfuraceous at the apex, marked with darker, slightly anastomosing veins, which at length, in consequence of the quicker growth of the subjacent stratum, and the collection of the veins themselves into bundles radiating from the centre, form striae on the pileus. The stem under a high magnifier is often streaked with veins like the pileus. — M.J. B . A variety on oak leaves is described in “ Eng. FI.” Sect. 7. Insititice — stem slender, dry, growing on other plants, without root; gills adnate, with decurrent tooth. 209. Agazicus (Mycena) cozticola. Schum. “ Bark Mycena.” Pileus thin, hemispherical, at length obsoletely umbilicate, sulcato-striate ; stem slender, short, incurved, furfuraceous; gills broadly adnate, uncinate, broad, rather ovate, pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 118. Mich. t. 74,/. 8. Bull. t. 519,/. 1. Eng. FI. v.p. 62. Schn. Sturm t. 2. Sow. t. 248. Amongst moss on bark. [S. Carolina.] Gregarious. Pileus 1-3 lines broad, hemispherical, in general obtuse, but sometimes slightly papillose, rarely umbilicate, umber, white, cinereous, lilac, flesh-coloured, rufous, bluish, &c., flesh rather thick in proportion ; gills variously adnato-uncinate or sub- decurrent, partaking more or less of the colour of the pileus ; stem £-1 in. high, incurved, minutely pulverulent, stuffed, and not truly fistulose, minutely strigose, or tomentose at the base. The whole plant dries up in dry weather, but revives with the first shower. -M. J. B. Spores ‘0003 X ‘00015 in - W. G. S. 210. Agazicus (Mycena) hiemalis. Osbeck. “ Winter Mycena.” Pilens thin, campanulate, obsoletely umbonate, margin striate ; stem slender, ascending, downy below ; gills adnate, linear, whit- ish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 119. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H . , 1865, no. 998. Bull. t. 519,/. i. a. AGARICINX. 77 On trunks of frees. Nov. Apethorpe. North Badminston, Gloucestershire. A more delicate species than A. corticola ; stem longer, colour constantly paler, whitish, pinkish-red, &c. 211. Agaricus (Mycena) setosus. Sow . “ Setose Mycena.” Pileus very delicate, hemispherical, obtuse, smooth; stem thread-like, covered with spreading hairs ; gills distant, white. — Fr. Epicr.p . 119. Sow. t. 302. Eng. FI. Y.p. 64. On dead leaves in woods. Pileus not-jgin. broad ; stem ^ in. long, finer than a hair, closely allied to Ag. cajpillaris , from which it is distinguishable by the spreading hairs of the stem. 212. Agaricus (Mycena) capillar is Schurn . 11 Capillary Mycena.” Very delicate, white ; pileus campanulate, at length umbili- cate, smooth ; stem thread-like, smooth ; gills adnate, ascending, rather distant. — Fr. Epicr.p. 119. FI. Dan. 1. 1670, t. 2142, / 1. Bull. t. 601,/. 2 C. Hoffm. t. 5 ,/. 2. Eng. FI. Y.p. 64. Mich. t. 80, /. 10 - 11 . On dead leaves, in woods. Pileus |-1 line broad, at first conic, like the head of a very small pin, grey, the margin rounded, the stem dark above, and minutely pulverulent, gradu- ally the stem elongates extremely, becoming much finer, the pileus hemis- pherical, delicate, white, with a dimple in the centre; gills very few, two or three only, in general reaching the stem, in specimens 1 line broad, regu- larly ascending about 9, adnate, with two or three intermediate ones ; stem flaccid, extremely slender, very minutely dilated at the base.— M.J.B. Spores very minute, oval, *000018 in. long. 213. Agaric us (Mycena) jnncicola. Fr. “ Rush Mycena.” Very delicate ; pileus convex, striate, smooth, rufescent ; stem thread-like, smooth, brownish ; gills adnate, distant, white. — Fr.Epicr. p. 19. Mich.t. 80,/. 9. Paul. t. 105,/. 11. Bull, t . 148,/. D. Eng. FI. Y.p. 63. On dead rushes, in bogs. June. July. Bare. Pileus 1 line broad, of a deep blood red, inclining to tawny, sometimes minutely umbonate, at length, depressed, distinctly and broadly striate ; stem 1 in. high, brown, paler above, smooth ; gills few, yellowish white, at length detached, so as to form a collar round the stem. Sub-Gen. 9. Omphalia. Fr. Epicr. p. 119. Pileus generally from the first umbilicate, afterwards funnel- shaped, almost always membranaceous or sub-membranaceous 78 AGAKIC1NI. and hygrophanous, margin incurved or straight ; stem cartilagi- nous and tubular, when young often stuffed, confluent with the hymenophore, but heterogeneous from it ; gills truly and con- siderably decurrent. Hab. Generally epiphytal, and mostly peculiar to hilly regions, preferring a damp, woody situation, and a rainy climate. — PI. II. fig- 9 - The species, though small, are many of them beautiful; their properties are not known, and they endure changes of temperature like the hygro- phanous species of Clitocybe. Omphalia is naturally divided into two groups — one, Collybarice, approaching Collybia , and the other, Mycenarice , Mycena. A. Collybarice. Sect . 1 . Pyxidatce — p ileus depressed. 214, Agazicus (Omphalia) pyxidatus. Bull. “Variable Omphalia.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, umbilicate, then funnel-shaped, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin striate ; stem stuffed, then hol- low, even ; gills decurrent, father distant, narrow, reddish grey. — Fr. Epicr.p. 122. Bull. t. 568,/. 2. Ann. N.H.no. 144. Berk. Outl. t. 6,/. 8. Eng. FI. v.p. 65-30*. Sow. t. 210. Berk. exs. no. 14. Amongst short grass, on lawns, &c. Nov. Pileus smooth ; disc sub-membranaceous ; gills decurrent, rather distant, narrower than in any neighbouring species, dirty white, with a rufescent tinge, then of the same colour as the pileus ; stem when young stuffed, then hollow, thickened at the base, and there clothed with whitish down, sub- attenuated upwards. — Fries. Variable in size and colour, flesh-coloured, brick red, dirty tawny, rufous, &c. 215. Agazicus (Omphalia) hepaticus. Putsch. “ Liver- coloured Omphalia.” Tough, rigid ; pileus smooth, rather shining, even ; stem at length compressed, flesh-coloured, inclined to rufous; gills dis- tant, connected by veins, and forked, rather thick, pallid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 122. Batsch.f. 211. Berk . Outl. p. 131. On lawns. Stem about 1 in. long, 1 lin. thick, flesh colour, inclining to brown, naked, rarely pruinose ; pileus becoming funnel-shaped, in. broad, even, red brown when moist, tawny or tan-coloured when dry. AGARICrNI, 79 216. Agaiicus (Omphalia) affricatus. Fr . “ Hairy Bog Omphalia.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, umbilicate, then infundibuli- form, obscurely variegated with hair-like squamules ; stem fistu- lose, glabrous, cinereous ; gills decurrent, rather distant, broadest in the middle, greyish white. — Fr. Epicr.p . 123. B. § Br . Ann . N.H. 1865, no. 994. On Sphagnum. Aug. Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. “ Pileus J in. across, infundibuliform or deeply umbilicate, hygrophanous, brown, then mouse-coloured, minutely virgate; stem compressed, tomentose at the base; gills distinct, distant, ending abruptly, decurrent.” — B. A* Br . 217. Agaxicus (Omphalia) sphagnicola. Berk. ‘‘Bog-moss Omphalia.” Tough ; pileus infundibuliform, sub-carnose, minutely squarnu- lose, moist ; stem fistulose ; gills narrow, dirty-ochraceous. — Berk. Outl.p. 131. Eng. FI. Y.p. 67. On Sphagnum. June. Whole plant tough and elastic ; odour scarcely any; pileus 1-1^ in. broad, funnel-shaped from a very early stage of growth, faintly striate, and minutely squamulose, dirty ochraceous, becoming darker in age, moist, but not viscid; gills pale, decurrent, narrow, moderately distant, thick, so as to present in front a flat edge ; stem 1-2 in. long, 1 line thick, hollow, somewhat cracked, smooth, except at first, when it is very minutely squamulose above; in age it is nearly pervious above.— M. J. B. Spores *00025 X *00017 in. 218. Agaiicus (Omphalia) oniscus. Fr. “ Bolton’s Omphalia.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, convex, then plane or depressed, remotely radiato-striate, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem sub-fistu- lose, firm, equal ; gills adnate, decurrent, straight, somewhat dis- tant, livid, or whitish, as well as the stem. — Fr. Epicr.p. 123. Bolt, t. 41,/. C. o. In swamps. Stem rather firm, about an inch long, and a line thick, straight or curved, grey. Pileus flaccid, irregular, scarcely 1 in. broad, smooth, dark cinereous, paler when dry. Spores '00025 X ‘00022 in. Sect. 2. Umbelliferce — parasol-like. 219. Agaxicus (Omphalia) muralis. Sow. “Wall Omphalia.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, umbilicate, radiato-striate, smooth, margin crenulate ; stem somewhat stuffed, short, tough, brownish rufous ; gills decurrent, distant, paler. — Fr. Epicr.p. 124. Sow. t. 322. Eng. FI. Y.p. 65. 80 AGARICINX. On old walls, banks, &c., amongst moss. [Cincinnati.] Pileus at length funnel-shaped, 3 -lin. broad, convex, reddish brown ; gills broad, pale, whitish-brown, distant, decurrent ; stem in. high, thickish, usually sub-incurved, pale-brown, solid.-— Grew. 220. Agazricus (Omphalia) rnnhelliferus. L. “ Common Omphalia.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, convexo-plane, ob- conic, brittle, radiato- striate, when dry becoming pallid, even, silky ; margin at first indexed, crenate ; stem sub-fistulose, equal, base downy ; gills decurrent, very distant, broad behind. — Fr. Epicr. p. 125. Hed. Obs. t. 3. Holms . ii. t. 34. FI. Dan. t. 1015, 1. 1672,/. 1. Buxb. ii. t. 50,/. 4. Eng. FI. v.p. 65. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 267. In swamps, exposed pastures, &c. Common. [Cincinnati.] Subgregarious. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, depressed in the centre, margin de- flexed, and sometimes waved, striate, whitish, whitish-brown, or yellow, darker when moist ; gills broad towards the stem, whitish, decurrent; stem ^-1 in. high, about 1 line thick, whitish or yellowish, paler below, and pubes- cent. — Grew. Spores *0001 X ’00012 in. 221. Agaxicus (Omphalia) zufulus. B. $ Br. “ Reddish Omphalia.” Pileus umbilicate, reddish-grey, growing pale, somewhat mealy ; stem of the same colour, shining ; gills decurrent, rather thick, forked, flesh-coloured. — Ann. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1848, p. 260, no. 325. Berk. Outl.p. 132. On an exposed common, amongst Polytriclium. Hanham, near Bristol. Pileus \ in. across, at first convex, soon expanded, and umbilicate, sub- carnose, reddish grey or buff, at length pale, minutely mealy, margin crenu- late ; stem £ in. high, 1 line thick, flexuous, same colour as the pileus, smooth, shining, solid ; gills decurrent, rather thick, flesh-coloured, especially towards the margin, forked, rather distant, interstices veiny ; spores oblong, oblique, with somewhat the aspect of A. laccatus . — M. J. B. 222. Agaricus (Omphalia) stellatus. Sow. “Stellate Omphalia.” White. Pileus membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, smooth, silky, diaphanous ; stem somewhat stuffed, equal, fragile, base floc- coso-radiate ; gills decurrent, thin, broad, very distant. — Fr. Epicr. p. 126. Eng. FI. v. p. 64. Sow. 1. 107. Ann. N.H. no. 268. On sticks, decayed herbaceous stems, &c. Oct. Gregarious. Pileus 4 lines broad, striated; gills thin; stem scarcely 1 in. high, stuffed, incurved, brittle.^ —Fries. AGARICINI. 81 B. Mycenarice. Sect . 3. At first campanulate, margin straight. 223. Agaiicus (Omphalia) campanella. BatscTi . “ Tawny Omphalia.” Pileus membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, striate, hygropha- nous; stemfistulose, attenuated below, clothed with tawny, spongy down ; gills decurrent, arcuate, connected by veins, yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 12$. Nees.f. 191. Schceff. t. 230. Eng.Fl.Y.p.$$. In fir woods. [United States.] Often csespitose. Pileus ferruginous-yellow, 3-7 lines broad, tough ; gills connected by veins ; stem 2 in. long, rooting from below. — Fries. var . / 3 . badipus. Solitary or sub-csespitose ; stem stuffed, thickened at the base, clothed with ferruginous down. — Eng . FI. v . p. 66. A. caulicinalis. Sow.t.l$3. Amongst leaves, &c. Oct. Pileus 3-11 lines across, broadly campanulate, umbilicate, sometimes quite plane, of a beautiful yellow, inclining to ferruginous, edge slightly silky; gills yellow, arcuato, sub-decurrent, beautifully connected by veins ; stem 1-2 in. high, |-1 line thick, scarcely fistulose, yellow above, then rufescent, clothed with little yellow scales, thickest below, and there covered with a dense tawny tomentum. — M. J. B. 224. Agaxicus (Omphalia) camptophyllus. Berk. “Ber- keley’s Omphalia.” Pileus convexo-plane, deeply striate ; stem minutely pubescent, radiato-strigose at the base, minutely fistulose ; gills white, as- cending, then suddenly decurrent. — Berk. Eng . FI. Y.p. 62. Outl. p. 133. On sticks, &c. Rare. Margate. Solitary or sub-gregarious. Pileus | in. broad, dry, convex, obtuse, sub- hemispherical, smooth, brown, with a grey margin, gills rather distant, at first adnate, nearly plane, then ascending and suddenly decurrent. Stem 2 in. or more high, not aline thick, sub-flexuous, somewhat rigid, minutely fistu- lose, with a few white fibres, under a lens minutely but beautifully pubescent ; base radiato-strigose, at first yellow, when full-grown pale above, pale rufes- cent below. — M. J. B . 225. Agaricus (Omphalia) gxiseus. Fr. “ Grey Omphalia.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, smooth, striate, hygrophanous ; stem fistulose, rather firm, smooth, self- coloured; gills slightly decurrent, arcuate, rather thick, sub-dis- tant, whitish-grey. — Fr. Epicr.p. 127. Ann. N.H. no . 141. In pine woods. e 5 82 AGABICINI. Stem 3 in. long, 1 lin. thick, slightly thickened above, straight, smooth, whitish, cinereous. Pileus % in. broad, striate, hygrophanous, livid grey, be- coming hoary. 226. Agaricus (Omphalia) helvelloides. Bull. ‘‘Delicate Omphalia.” Pileus obconic, umbonate, at length depressed, somewhat fun- nel-shaped, remotely radiato-sulcate ; stem elongated; gills thick, forked, decurrent, broad in front. — Bull. t. 601,/. 3. Berk. Outl. p. 132. Ann. N.H., no. 324. On the ground. Oct. Far more graceful and delicate than any form of A. umbelliferus. 227. Agaricus (Omphalia) fibula. Bull. “ Button Omphalia.” Pileus membranaceous, turbinate, expanded, then somewhat umbilicate, striate, becoming pale, dry, even ; stem slender, nearly orange colour, as well as the pileus ; gills strongly decurrent, dis- tinct, paler. — Fr. Epicr.p. 127. Bull. 1. 186, t. 550,/. 1. Sow. t. 45. FI. Dan. t. 1071,/. 2. var. Eng. FI. v.p. 65. Amongst moss. Sept. — May. Common. [United States.] Pileus 1-6 lines broad, at first hemispherical ; margin indexed, then pl ane > more or less depressed, yellow ortawny,with a dusky centre, obscurely striated, the whole minutely pilose ; gills yellowish or white, distinct, not ventricose, decurrent ; stem l-l|in. high, not a line thick, slender, yellow or tawny, with a violet -brown apex, the whole minutely pilose, like the pileus, and ob- soletely fibrillose.— M.J. B. Spores *00013 X ‘00008 in. — W.G.S. [PI. II., jig. 9, nat . size.'] 228. Agaricus (Omphalia) gracillimus. Weinm. “ Delicate Omphalia.” Snow-white; pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, sub-floccu- lose, sulcate ; stem filiform, slender, floccose at the base ; gills decurrent, thin, alternately sub -dimidiate.* — Weinm. p.12,1. Fr. Ep.p. 128. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1112. In marshy ground, on decaying stems of vegetables. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Pileus sometimes depressed, sometimes papillate, 2-3 lines broad ; stem 3-6 lines long. 229. Agaricus (Omphalia) belliae. Johnst. “ Cup-like Omphalia.” Pileus dry, membranaceous, cup-shaped, of a pale wood-colour ; stem thin, fistulose, cartilaginous, pale above, brownish below, adhering by a floccose base ; gills thick, paler than the pileus, decurrent, interstices veiny. — Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. vi., 1. 10, /. 1. Berk. Outl.p. 134. AGARICIET. 83 On dead stems of reed. Oct. Berwickshire. Pileus membranaceous, inverted, deeply cyatbiform, ^in. broad, smooth, waved and furrowed at the edges, of a wood-brown hue, becoming paler when dry ; gills adnato-decurrent, at least in the inverted pileus, 1 line broad, rather distant, thick, more or less undulated, wrinkled on the sides and in the interstices with flexuous veins, once or twice divided near the edge, of a dull chalky white. Spores oblong, colourless, pellucid. Stem 1| in. high, about 1 line thick, fistulose, erect, stiff, and elastic, smooth, white, or very pale wood-brown above, towards the base of a dirty dark brown, becoming paler when dry, then apparently mealy ; root slightly incrassated, bent, fixed by a dense cottony web. — M . J. B. 230. Agaxicus (Omphalia) mtegiellus. P. “Little-white Omphalia.” White, fragile ; pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, then expanded, pellucid; striate ; stem very slender, short, pubescent below ; gills decurrent, distant, slightly branched, edge acute. — Fr. Epicr. p. 128. Pers. Ic. fy Des. t. 13, f. 5. Eng . FI. y. p. 64. Ann. N.H. no. 142. Ray. Syn. t. i ,,f. 2, a. a. On decayed sticks. Bare. Csespitose. Pileus 2-3 lines broad, at first hemispherical, obtuse, at length rather plane, substance thin, pellucid. Gills narrow, arcuate, decurrent, not- withstanding the form of the pileus, some branched, especially in younger specimens, with but few short ones. Stem 1 in. high, fistulose, sub-pulveru- lent, villous at the base. — Pers. Series 2. Hyporhodii, Fr. Epicr. p. 138. — Spores pink or salmon-colour. There is not one quarter so many Agarics bearing pink or salmon-coloured as white spores. The size of the spores varies greatly. A few are very small, others equally large (see Plate), whilst the majority are remarkably irregular, resembling the fragments of granite seen in the roads. Some of the species are edible, as in Clitopilus (analogous with the white- spored edible species of Clitocybe), whilst others are poisonous, as in JEntoloma, reminding us of such dangerous species of Tricholoma as A. sulfureus, Bull, etc. — W. G. S. Sub-Gen. 10. Volvaria, Fr. S. M. i. p. 277. Spores regular in shape, oval or pip- shaped, pink or salmon- colour ; veil universal, forming a perfect volva (c), distinct from the cuticle of pileus (a) ; stem distinct from the hymenophore ; gills free, rounded behind, at first white, then pink, soft, liquescent. Hab. Gardens and hot houses, and in woods and on manured ground, growing on rotten wood and damp ground ; one species is parasitic on Agaricus nebularis. — (Plate III., fig. 10.) 84 AGARICINI, The species of Volvaria are very closely allied; some appear in spring and early summer, others later in the year ; they are almost tasteless, and none are known to be edible. Volvaria corresponds with Amanita. — W. G. S. Sect . 1. Silky or fibrillose. 231. Agaricus (Volvaria) bombycinus. Schceff. “ Silky Vol- varia.” Pileus fleshy, soft, campanulate, then expanded, snb-nmbonate, silky, fibrillose, self-coloured ; stem solid, attenuated, smooth, volva very large; gills free, flesh-coloured. — Fr.Epicr . p . 138. Schceff. t. 98. Krombh. t . 23,/. 15-21. Berk. Outl. t.l f. 1. Eng. FI. Y.p. 104. Barla. t. 25, f. 1-5. On decayed wood. Bare. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 3-4 in., at first entirely enclosed in a slimy dark volva, at length protruded, campanulate, dirty white, silky, with yellowish white narrow silky scales, and marked frequently with a few dark blotches, the remains of the volva, flesh whitish, firm, elastic, margin involute ; gills numerous, close, ’ ventricose, quite free, not reaching the margin, at first white, then rose- coloured, with a tinge of yellow, at length deliquescent, tinged with umber. Stem 2| in. high, Hn. thick in the centre, firm, solid, thickest downwards, the tough volva remaining like a cup at the base.— ilf. J.B. 232. Agaricus (Volvaria) volvaceus. Bull. “ Stove Volvaria.” Pileus fleshy, soft, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, virgate, with adpressed black fibrils; stem solid, subequal; volva loose; gills free, flesh-coloured. — Fr.Epicr. p. 138. Bull. t. 262. FI. Dan. 1. 1731,/. 2. Letell. t. 623. Sow. 1. 1. Eng. FI. Y.p. 104. Barla. t. 25,/. 6. 13. Vent. t. 22. In stoves, by roadsides, &c. July. Aug. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 3-4 in. broad, obtuse, pallid, cinereous, with cinereous and black streaks ; gills obtuse behind, almost remote ; stem 3-5 in. high, % in. thick, white ; gills adhering, almost delinquescent as in Cojorinus . Spores *0002 X •00013 in.— W. G. S. (PI. III., fig. 10, reduced.) 233. Agaricus (Volvaria) ILoveianus. Berk. “Parasitic Volvaria.” Pileus thin, fleshy, subtruncate, globose, then convex, obtuse, white, silky ; stem solid, attenuated upwards ; volva loose, lobed; gills free, rose-coloured. — Berk. Outl.p 140, t. 7,/. 2. Fr. Epicr. p. 139. Smith. Seem. Jour. Dec . 1867. Eng. FI. Y.p. 104. Parasitic on A. nebularis. Bare. Csespitose. At first appearing like a small round Bovista, from the size of a pea upwards, then oblong, and the top of the pileus, which at that stage is flattish, bursts through the volva, which is ultimately split into three or four regular lacinise, with a somewhat wrinkled surface, and the pileus from sub- AGABICINI. 85 truncato-globose, becomes convex, or slightly expanded, 2^ in. broad, moder- ately fleshy and beautifully silky, white, with a slight shade of pink or ciner- eous, margin involute ; gills broad in front, quite free, sub -deliquescent, gradually with a pink tinge. Stem 2 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, white, closely fibrillose, juicy, solid, bulbous, volva pure white. Spores minute, elliptic, rosy, *0001 in. long. Artificially developed by Mr. W. G. Smith, from speci- mens of Ag. nebularis . — (Seem. Journal.) 234. Agazicus (Volvazia) Taylozi. Berk . “ Taylor’s Yolvaria.” Pileus thin, conical, obtuse, livid, striato-rimose from the apex ; stem pale, solid, nearly equal ; volva lobed, brown, small ; gills un- even, broad in front, attenuated behind, rose-coloured. — Berk . Outl.p. 140. Ann . N.H. no, 675. On the ground. Jersey. Pileus If in. high and broad, beautifully pencilled and cracked, margin lobed and sinuated; stem 2| in. high, f in. thick, slightly bulbous at the base; .gills uneven. The dark volva, campanulate pileus, and uneven attenuated gills are marked characters, — M . J. B. 235. Agazicus (Volvazia) pazvulns. Weinm. “Little Yolvaria.” Pileus rather fleshy, conic, then expanded, umbonate, dry ; stem stuffed, equal, silky ; volva small, lobed ; gills free, rose-coloured. Fr. Epicr.p. 139. Bull. t. 330. Pers . Obs. t. 4,/. 4-5. Krombh. t. 3,/. 20 ? A.pusillus. Berk Out. p. 140. In pastures, after stormy weather. [S. Carolina.] Abounds some years in autumn, in exposed rather rich pastures, and may be confounded by superficial observers with the true mushroom ; but a glance at the volva, which is always present, and the attenuated stem, is sufficient to prevent mistakes-^a point of some consequence, as the qualities of all the species in the sub-genus are, to say the least, doubtful. — M.J.B. Spores *0002 X *00014 in. Sect. 2. Pileus smooth, sub -viscid. 236. Agazicus (Volvazia) speciosus. Fr. “Dunghill Yolvaria.” Pileus fleshy, soft, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, even, viscid, disc grey; stem solid, attenuated, rather bulbous; volva loose, villous, as well as the stem ; gills free, rose-coloured. — Fr.Epicr.p. 139. FI. Dan. 1. 1737. Krombh. t. 26,/. 1-8. Ann. N.H. no. 902*. On dunghills, roadsides, &c. [S. Carolina.] Yery closely allied to the next, but differing in the absence of a distinct umbo, and in the smooth margin of the pileus. 86 AGARICINI. 237. Agazicus (Volvazia) gloiocephalus. Fr, “Umbonate Yolvaria.” Pilens fleshy, convex, then plane, nmbonate, glutinous ; mar- gin striate ; stem solid, equal, smooth ; volva tuberose, sub-ob- literated; gills free, white, then flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 140. Letell. t. 645,/. H '. 1. Gard. Chron. 1860, />. 933,/#. A. speciosus. Berk, Outl, t.l ,f. 3. Barla. t. 26. On the ground. Pilens about 3 in. across, with a strong regular obtuse umbo in the centre, of a delicate mouse-grey, viscid when moist, but when dry shining, quite smooth, margin striate in consequence of the thinness of the flesh ; stem 6 in. or more high, about \ in. thick in the centre, attenuated upwards, bulbous at the base, clothed with a few slight fibres, easily splitting, solid, rather dingy, ringless. Yolva loose, villous like the base of the stem, splitting into several unequal lobes ; the gills are broad, especially in front, narrower behind, and quite free, so as to leave a space round the top of the stem, white, tinged with greyish pink ; margin slightly toothed. Smell strong and unpleasant, and taste disagreeable.— -d/". J. B. Sub-Gen . 11. Chamaeota. Smith. Seem. Journal, 1870. ( Psalliota , Fr. partly.) Spores pale rose ; stem distinct from the hymenophore, fur- nished with a fugitive ring ; gills free. Hab. On the ground, or on decayed wood . — (PL III., fig. 11.) Corresponds in structure with Lepiota and Psalliota. The species figured is A. ( Chamceota) xanthogrammus , Ces. an Italian species. 238. Agazicus (Chamaeota) czetaceus. Fr. “ Chalky Chamaeota.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then convexo-plane, naked, even, nearly smooth, or rivulose ; stem hollow, equally attenuated, even, white ; ring simple, reflexed, and again ascending ; gills rather remote, broader in front, for a long time white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 213. Sv. Bot. t. 596,/. 2. Krornbh. t. 26, f. 16, 17. Berk. Outl. t. 10,/. 5. Ann. N.H. no. 148. In meadows and stoves. Distinguished from A. campestris by its gills, which remain for a long time white, and are at length rose-coloured, and also by the spores, which are *0001 X *00015 in. 239. Agazicus (Chamaeota) echinatus. Both. “Bristling Chamaeota.” Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse ; at first pulverulent, then squamose ; stem fistulose, equal, floccoso- AGARICINI. 87 pulverulent below the ring ; gills free, crowded, blood-red. — Fr . Epicr.p . 215. Roth. Cat. ii. t. 9,/. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 147. Ag. hcema- tophyllus. Mag. Zool. $ Bot. no. 38, t . xv.f. 1. On peat beds in gardens. Eare. [S. Carolina.] Solitary or gregarious, often fasciculate. Pileus 1-1\ in. broad, thin, brittle, chocolate, or olive brown, clothed with minute raised scales, and copious meal of the same colour ; flesh pale, not changing when cut ; gills varying greatly in breadth, rounded behind, quite free, but approximate, at flrst of a fine red, at length deep chocolate. Ring broad, fugacious, attached at first in ragged triangular lacinise to the edge of the. pileus, mealy externally, of a beautiful pink within ; stem 1^ in. high, 1-2 lines or more thick, chocolate- red when rubbed, clothed with meal, red within, stuffed, penetrating; smell strong. — M.J. B. Sub-Gen. 12. Pluteus. Fr. Epicr. p. 140. Spores generally regular in shape, but in some species approach- ing the irregularity of Hebeloma , pink or salmon-colour, more or less bright, some approaching in colour the spores of genus 5, Paxillus , others sub-genus 19, Flammula; veil none ; pileus of the same nature with the stem and gills, smooth, silky, or wrinkled ; stem ringless and without a volva, distinct from the hymenophoye ; gills free, at first white, then yellowish, afterwards pink, very crowded, almost cohering, sometimes subliquescent. Hab. The species almost always grows on, or close to , the trunks of trees. — (PZ. III., fig. 12.) The characters of this sub-genus agree with those of Volvaria , with the ex- ception of the volva, which is absent in Pluteus . Fries thinks it doubtful whether the pellicle of the pileus, always fibrous, flocculose, or pruinose, should not be considered as a universal concrete veil, which would give an analogy with Lepiota. The species of Pluteus appear in spring, early summer, or late in the autumn. They are tasteless, and none edible, — W. G. S. Sect. 1. Pileus with evanescent fibrils. 240. Agaiicus (Pluteus) cervinus. Schceff. “ Fawn Pluteus.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, nearly even, smooth, then clad with evanescent fibrillose scales ; margin naked ; stem solid, with black fibrils ; gills free, crowded, white, then flesh- coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 140. Schceff.t. 10. Sow. t. 108. Batsch. f. 76. Krombh. t. 2,/. 7-10. Sturm t. 28. FI. Dan. 1. 1067,/. 2. On trunks of trees. Pileus 3 in. and more broad, dingy, growing pale, sometimes tawny yellow. Spores very bright, orange pink. *00023 X *00018. in. [PZ. I II., fig. 12, reduced. 2 88 AGARICINI. 241. Agaricus (Pluteus) umbrosus. Pers . “ Brown Pluteus.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, lacunose, rugose, at first villous ; margin ciliate or fimbriate ; stem solid, villoso- squamulose ; gills free (sub-fuliginous), margin fimbriate. — Fr . Epicr. p. 140. Pers. Ic . # Desc. t. 2, f. 5-6. A. umbrinus. Berk. Outl.p. 141. On dead trunks. Blackish umber. Pileus 3 in. broad. Sect. 2. Pileus pruinate, sub-pulverulent. 242. Agaxicus (Pluteus) nanus. P. “ Mealy Pluteus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, rugulose, obtuse, sprinkled with dingy meal ; stem solid, rigid, short, striate, white; gills free, white, then flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 141. Ann. N.H. no. 676. Bull. t. 547,/. 3. On fallen sticks. Aug. [S. Carolina.] Pileus umber, about lin. broad. Stem lin. long, 1-2 lin. thick. Spores irre- gular hexagons, &c., very pale rose, average diameter about *00023 in. Sect. 3. Pileus naked, smooth. 243. Agasricus (Pluteus) petasatus. Fr. “Broad-capped Pluteus.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, very smooth, with a viscid cuticle, membranaceous to the middle, and at length striate ; stem solid, tall, rigid, fibrilloso-striate, atten- uated equally from the base; gills free, very broad, much crowded, drying up, white, then reddish . — Fr Epicr. p. 142. Ann. Nat. Hist., xiii., t. 9,/ 2, no. 271. Gonn. Rabh. iv. t . 4. On sawdust. Jan. Hitchin. Stem 6 in. long, firm, pallid, at length tawny. Pileus 5-6 in., with a separ- able cuticle, pale cinereous, rather bright brown, &c. 244. Agaricus (Pluteus) leoninus. Schceff. “Yellow Pluteus.” Pileus sub -membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, smooth, naked ; margin striate ; stem solid, smooth, striate ; gills free, yellowish, then flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 142. Scliceff. t. 48. Berk. Outl. t. l,f. 4. Pers. Ic. fy Des. 1. 1,/. 3-4. Eng. FI. Y.p. 78. On wood. Sept. Oct. [S. Carolina.] AGABICINI. 89 Solitary or sub-gregarious. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, tawny yellow, shaded with bright orange, or purplish brown, tinged with yellow, umbonate, flesh thick in the centre, margin thin, firm, covered with a smooth, wrinkled, glutinous cuticle, sometimes pitted round the umbo, margin more or less striate ; gills rather broad, rounded behind and in front, flesh-coloured, moderately dis- tant, perfectly free, edge at first yellowish. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2-6 lines thick, downy at the base, sometimes rooting, attenuated upwards, twisted and striate, yellow or ochraceous, shaded with orange, solid, at length imper- fectly hollow. Spores rose-coloured, elliptic. — M. J. B. 245. Agaricus (Pluteus) chrysophaeus. Schceff. “ Dingy Pluteus.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, naked, nearly even, smooth or slightly virgate ; margin striate ; stem hollow, smooth ; gills free, white, then flesh-coloured. — Fr.Epicr.p. 142. Schceff. t. 253. Sow . t. 174. Grev. t. 173. Berk. Outl. t. 7,/. 5. On wood, hollow trees, &c. [United States.] Somewhat gregarious, distinct, or two or three growing from the same base. Pileus 1-3 in. convex, at length nearly plane, undulated at the margin, nearly membranaceous ; colour yellowish or ochraceous brown. Surface gla- brous, rugose, with veins in the direction from the centre to the circumfer- ence. Gills rather numerous, broad, ventricose, free. Stem 2-4 in. long, 2-5 lines thick, somewhat fistulose, whitish, mostly twisted, equal, except at the base, which is often thickened and frequently incurved. — Grev. 246. Agaricus (Pluteus) phlebophoms. JDitm. “Veined Pluteus.” Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, veined, rugose ; margin naked, without striae ; stem hollow, smooth, incurved, shining ; gills free, white, then flesh-coloured. — Fr Fpicr.p. 142. Ditm. t. 15. Nees.f. 202. Eng . Fl.y.p. 79. Ann. N.H. no. 676*. On fallen sticks. Pare. Pileus about lin. broad, convex, becoming nearly plane when mature, cu- ticle rugose, with prominent anastomosing veins, leaving deep pits between them, of a pleasant yellowish brown, or pale reddish orange, with the mar- gin generally incurred. Gills broad, at first white, becoming flesh-coloured. Stem 2 in. high or more, hollow, incurved, ascending. A very beautiful species, distinguished at once by the rugose pileus ; the pits are very deep, and the reticulations very distinct. Spores sub-globose, ‘0003 in. long, *0002 in. di- ameter. — W.G.S. Sub-Gen. 13. Extoloma. Fr. Epicr. p. 143. Spores extremely irregular in shape, salmon colour, pink, or more or less approaching bright-red or brown ; veil “ potential rather than definite;” pileus, margin at first incurved, never at first umbilicate, fleshy, or thin according to the species, viscid, 90 AGARICINI. smooth, hygrophanous, dry, silky, or flocculose ; stem fleshy- fibrous, sometimes waxy, continuous with the hymenophore, and homogeneous with it; gills sinuated, as in Tricholoma , etc., almost free, or more or less adnate, sometimes parting from the stem. — (Pl. III., fig. 13 .) Hab. All are terrestrial. Allied to Tricholoma , but, with few exceptions, tbe species of Entoloma are much thinner and often brittle. Many possess the odour of new flour, but none are edible, and some highly poisonous. They appear in summer after heavy rains. Besides corresponding with Tricholoma , Entoloma agrees in structure with Hebeloma and Hypholoma . — W. G. S. Sect. 1. Genuini — pileus smooth, moist, or sub-viscid. 247. Agazicus (Entoloma) sinuatus. Fr . “ Large-waved Entoloma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, sub-repand, even, smooth ; stem solid, compact, fibrillose, whitish ; gills adnexed, very broad, crowded, pale, rufescent. — Fr. Epicr.p. 143. Saund. fy Sm.t.ll. A. fertilis. Pers.M.E. 281. Bull.t . 547,/. 1, 590. Smith P.M.f. 14. Eng. FI. v.p. 77. In woods. Poisonous. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 4 in. and upwards, expanded, obtuse, somewhat lobed, pulverulento- squamulose, fleshy, dry, pinkish-buff, with sometimes a tinge of yellow ; gills rose-coloured, adnexed, nearly free ; stem 3-6 in. high, f-1 in. thick, stuffed, firm, fibrillose, sub-squamulose, sub-compressed, sojnewhat bulbous at the base, paler than the pileus. Spores brownish salmon, very irregular, *00035 in. diameter. Smell like that of fresh meal. (PI. III., jig. 13, reduced.) 248. Agazicus (Entoloma) prunuloides. Fr. “Plum-like Entoloma.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, even, smooth, sub-viscid ; stem solid, unequal, smooth, sub-striate, white ; gills free, ventricose, white, then flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 144. Berk. Outl.p . 142. On the ground. Rare. Mossburnford. Pileus white, yellowish, greyish, &c., at length longitudinally cracked ; gills omarginate, rarely rounded, at first slightly adnexed. 249. Agaricus (Entoloma) placenta. Batsch . “Brown Entoloma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, umbonate, regular, smooth, brown ; stem solid, equal, fibroso-striate, brown ; gills emargi- nate, adnexed, crowded, rather thick, pallid flesh colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 144. Batsch. f. 18. Ann. N.H. no. 789. AGARICJINI, 91 On the ground. Oct. Swanage, Dorset. Solitary ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lin. thick, brown; pileus l|in. broad, or- bicular, smooth, brown ; gills separating from the hymenophore. 250. Agaricus (Entoloma) helodes. Fr . “ Moor Entoloma.” Pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, sub-umbonate, moist, becoming smooth ; stem hollow, pallid, fibrillose ; base rather thickened ; gills emarginate, adnexed, somewhat distant, white, then flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 144. Ann. N.H. no. 790. On moors. Coed Coch. Pileus purple, dingy, brown, &c., when old becoming pale, spotted, not hygrophanous, 2 in. or more broad ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3 lin. thick, pale, cinereous ; smell like that of fresh meal. 251. Agaricus (Entoloma) repandus. Bull. “Repand Entoloma.” Pileus fleshy, conical, umbonate, indistinctly silky; margin lobed ; stem short, solid, minutely silky, white ; gills dull rose- coloured, broad in front. — Bull. t. 423, f. 2. Berk. Outl. p. 143. Eng. FI. Y.p.1%. Ann. N.H. no. 676*. Amongst grass. Rare. Pileus 1-2 in. across, conic, obtuse, at length expanded, very fleshy, the margin incurved and lobed, pale whitish, ochraceous, with a few streaky shades, clothed with a very close, adpressed, indistinct silkiness ; gills pale dull rose, broad in front ; stem 1| in. high, 3 lines thick, white, beautifully adpresso-sericeous ; spores rose-coloured, irregular, stellate ; odour like that of fresh meal. — M. J. B. 252. Agaricus (Entoloma) Bloxami. B.fyBr. “ Blue Entoloma.” Pileus compact, campanulate, obtuse, somewhat lobed, moist, blackish-blue, somewhat silky ; flesh white ; stem slightly at- tenuated upwards, obtuse at the base ; gills rather broad, at- tenuated, adnexed. — Berk. Outl. p. 143. Ann. N.H. no. 677. Price,/. 89. In open exposed pastures. Pileus 1 in. or more across, campanulate, very obtuse, moist, of a dark dingy blue or purple, or sometimes slate-coloured, tinged with lilac, slightly silky, inclined to be lobed below, flesh very thick in the centre, white, except near the edge, where it partakes of the hue of the pileus ; stem l|in. high, | in. thick, attenuated upwards, of the same colour as the pileus, solid ; gills moderately broad, pale pink, attenuated behind, or slightly adnexed. — M.J.B. Spores very irregular in shape, very brilliant pink orange, *0003 in. diameter. — W. G. S. 92 AGAEICINI. 253. Agairicus (Entoloma) ardosiacus. Bull . “Meadow Entoloma,” Fragile ; pileus slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded and de- pressed, even, smooth, moist ; stem hollow, elongated, steel bine, attenuated from the white base ; gills nearly free, crowded, greyish, flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 145. Bull. t. 348. Eng. FI. v. p. 78. In moist meadows. Introduced solely on the authority of Sibthorpe. Pileus 3 in. broad, fleshy, when young campanulate, margin sub-sinuate ; gills 4 lines broad, rufescent; stem 4-5 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, attenuated, of the same colour as the pileus. — Fries. 254. Agairicus (Entoloma) frumentaceus. Bull. “ Mealy Entoloma.” Pileus fleshy, firm, rather brittle, nearly plane, dry, finely streaked; stem streaked and slightly cracked, obtuse at the base; gills broad, emarginate, or rounded behind, cinereous, with a reddish yellow tinge. — Bull. t. 571, f. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 678. Berk. Outl.p. 144. On the ground under a hedge. Eare. Somewhat csespitose ; pileus 3| in. across, plane, with the margin arched and sinuated, dry, buff, tinged with red, marked with fine streaks, which are sometimes slightly raised, fleshy, firm, rather brittle ; stem 2 in. high, 1 in. thick, of the same colour as the pileus, streaked and slightly cracked, sometimes compressed, blunt at the base, with a little white down, stained with the spores ; gills broad, moderately distant, sinuated and toothed, rounded behind, sometimes emarginate, adnate, cinereous, with a reddish- yellow tinge; spores elliptic, minute, *0002 in. long, rose-coloured; taste agreeable ; smell farinaceous. — M. J. B. Fries places this species in Tricholoma , both in the “Epicrisis” and cc Monograph.” We retain it here in deference to the Eev. M. J. Berkeley’s opinion. 255. Agairicus (Entoloma) ameides. B. fy Br. “Scented Entoloma.” Pileus irregular, broadly campanulate, centre smooth; margin whitish flocculent, at length glabrous, with a silky lustre, undu- lated ; stem stuffed, compressed, whitish, villous at the base, above striato-fibrillose, apex flocculent ; gills distant, slightly adnexed, rugose. — Ann. N. Hist. 1865, no. 999. In pastures. Sept. Bodelwyddan, Flintshire. Pileus 1-2J in. across, varying from hemispherical in smaller specimens to campanulate, thin, pale reddish grey ; spores rose-coloured, irregular ; large specimens at first sight closely resembl q Hygrophoi'us ovinus ; smell peculiar, resembling a mixture of orange flower water and starch. The whole plant acquires a reddish tint in drying.— B. & Br. AGARICINI. 93 Sect. 2. Leptonidei — pileus flocculose, sub-squamose, dry. 256. Agazicus (Entoloma) jubatus. Fr. “ Crested Entoloma.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, at first acutely, then obscurely um- bonate, clothed with fibres, glossy, not hygrophanous, gills slightly adnexed, inclined to ventricose ; stem fleshy, glossy, striate, and shining, white at the base, stuffed or hollow, clothed with minute sooty fibres. — Fr. Epicr. p. 145. Fr.S.M.p, 196. Trans. Wool- hope Club (1868), p. 246, withplate. In mossy places. Merry Hill Common and Haywood Forest, near Hereford, 1868 ( W.G . /S'.), Ascot (Jf. J.^.),near Goudhurst, Sussex (. F . C.) Grows in dense clusters. Young specimens acutely campanulate, full grown attain 5 or more in., with a diameter of 3 or 4 in. Spores extremely irregular *00025 X ‘0004 in.— W. G. S. 257. Agazicus (Entoloma) gziseo-cyanens. Fr. “Blue- Grey Entoloma.” Pileus sub-carnose, campanulato-convex, obtuse, floccoso-squa- mose; stem hollow, floccose or fibrillose, pallid, then bluish ; gills adnexed, seceding, whitish, becoming flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 145. B. Br.Ann. N.H. (1866). no. 1113. On lawns. Oct. Coed Coch. With the habit of a Leptonia , smaller, soft ; stem fibrous, 2-3 lines thick, white when young. Pileus grey , or verging towards lilac. 258. Agazicus (Entoloma) sezicellus. Fr. “ Silky Entoloma.” Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane or depressed, silky, at length squamulose ; stem sub-fistulose, fibrillose, white, then pallid, gills adnate, seceding, slightly distant, white, then flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 146. Pers.Ic. t. 6,/. 2. Eng. Fl.y.p. 76. In woods. July — Sept. Sub-gregarious. Pileus f in. broad, white, sub-carnose, silky, slightly um- bilicate, gills pale rose-colour, broad, adnate, nearly horizontal, sub-decur- rent ; stem 2 in. high or more, 1 line thick, thickest and downy at the base, sometimes sub-bulbous, solid, or closely stuffed, white, silky. Odour and taste like A. campestris. — M. J. B. Sec. 3. Nolanidei — pileus thin, hygrophanous. 259. Agazicus (Entoloma) clypeatus. L. “ Buckler Entoloma.” Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem stuffed, attenuated, fibrillose, be- 94 AGARICINI. coming pale ; gills rounded, adnexed, seceding, serrulated, dirty flesh colour. — Fr.Epicr.p. 146. Bull. t. 534. Huss.ii. A 42. Berk. Outl. t. 7,/. 6. Bolt. t. 69. Buxb. iv. t. 6. In gardens, &c. Pileus 4 in. or more across, gregarious, lurid, when dry grey and rather shining, virgate, and spotted. 260. Agaricus (Entoloma) rhodopolius. Fr. “ Rosy Entoloma,” Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length slightly depressed, hygrophanous ; margin flexuose, broken ; stem hollow, nearly equal, smooth, white, pruinose above ; gills adnate, sinuate, white, then roseate. — Fr.Epicr. p.lFl . Bolt.t.ft. FI. Dan. 1. 1736. Krornbh. t. 55, /. 17-22. In woods. Sept. [Cincinnati.] Pileus about 3 in. across ; pileus when young fibrillose, soon smooth, when moist livid or tawny ; margin slightly striate, when dry shining, with a satiny lustre. Spores very irregular ; average diameter *00027 in. 261. Agaricus (Entoloma) majalis. Fr. “ Cinnamon Entoloma.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, campanulate or con- vex, umbonate, even, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin expanded, repand; stem fistulose, twisted, striate, whitish, tomentose at the base ; gills nearly free, crenate, pallid, then roseate. — Fr. S. M. p. 205. B. <5* Br. Ann. N.H . 1865, no. 998. In woods. Coed Coch, Denbighshire. Sub-csespitose. Pileus cinnamon-colour, when dry ochraceous, 2-3 in. broad. Stem 3-4 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, twisted ; gills free, ventricose. 262. Agazicus (Entoloma) costatus. Fr. “Costate Entoloma.” Pileus rather membranaceous, convexo-bullate, then nearly plane, sub-umbilicate, undulate, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem hollow, short, deformed, sub-striate, grey, whitish-squamulose above ; gills nearly free, entire, transversely ribbed, pallid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 147. Ann. N.H. no. 679. In meadows. Oct. Common. Pileus 2 in. or more, livid, tawny, or with a scorched appearance, shining; stem 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick. Readily distinguished by the distant broad gills, which are rounded behind, and nearly free, traversed at length by waved ribs, and with their margin undulate, and not discoloured. Smell none; spores irregular, sub-globose, with a globular nucleus. — M.J.B . AGARICINI. 95 263. Agaricus (Entoloma) sericeus. Bull . “Meadow Entoloma.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, convex, then ex- panded, smooth, hygrophanous, when dry silky; margin inflexed, repand, rather striate ; stem fistulose, short, fibrillose ; gills emar- ginate, plane, rather distant, grey. — Fr. Epicr. p. 147. Bull. t. 413,/. 1. A.pascuus , Eng . FI. (in part.} Berk. Outl.p. 145. In meadows. Gregarious. Stem hollow, 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, grey. Pileus 1 in. and more broad, umber, paler when dry, margin at first involute and striate. Odour strong of new meal. 264. Agaricus (Entoloma) nidorosus. Fr. “ Strong-scented Entoloma.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, convex, then expanded , rather depressed, smooth, hygrophanous ; when dry silky, shin- ing ; stem stuffed, equal, smooth, white, then growing pallid ; whitish pruinose above ; gills emarginate, free, broad, rather dis- tant, flexuose, pallid flesh-colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 148. A. rhodo- polius , Eng. FI. v.p. 76. In woods. Common. Pileus 1^ to 3 in. broad, piano-expanded or sub-depressed, occasionally minutely umbonate, ochraceous, with a brownish tint, the margin sometimes darker and waved, in large specimens sub-carnose, smooth and shining, with a satiny lustre, most minutely silky under a lens, but the silkiness quite ad- pressed ; gills very broad, thick, and adnate, more or less rounded behind, and separating from the stem ; stem 2-4 in. high, 2 lines or more thick, hol- low and stringy within, sub-flexuous, pulverulent at the apex, downy at the base, minutely fibrilloso-stri^te. Odour strong. — M.J.B. Spores somewhat irregular, *00034 in. average length. Sub-Gen. 14. Clitopilus. Fr. Epicr. p. 148. Spores salmon colour, in some species very pale, almost white, pip-shaped, somewhat irregular spheres, or altogether irregular, as in Entoloma , fig. 12 ; pileus pruinose, dull white, cinereous, or brownish, generally fleshy ; stem fleshy or fibrous, confluent with the hymenophore and homogeneous with it ; gills decurrent, never sinuated. Hab. All are terrestrial. — (PI. III., jig. 14.) With the exception of the gills, most of the characters correspond with Entoloma . The odour of the species is more or less mealy, some, however, are oily, some tasteless, others edible. Clitopilus is closely allied to Clitocybe , and differs from Entoloma precisely as Clitocybe differs from Tricholoma. Clitopilus agrees more or less with Flammula. — W. G. 96 AGARICINI. 265. Agazicus (Clitopilus) pzunulus. Scop. “ Plum Clitopilus.’ , Pileus fleshy, compact, at first convex, regular, at length de- pressed, repand, pruinose, dry ; stem solid, ventricose, naked, striate ; gills strongly decurrent, rather distant, white, then flesh- coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 148. Trans. Woolh. Cl. 1869, plate. Berk.Outl. t. 7, /. 7. Huss. ii. t. 47. Schceff.t. 78. Sow. t. 143. Hogg § Johnst.t. 20. Lenz.t.26. Krornb. t. 55,/. 7-8. Eng. FI. Y.p. 76. Smith E.M.f.VS. In woods. June — -Oct. Esculent. [United States.] Pileus fleshy, compact, at first convex, then expanded, becoming depressed in the centre, irregularly waved, slightly pruinose, 2-5 in. broad, surface dry, soft, white, or sometimes grey, flesh thick, white, unchangeable ; stem white, solid, firm, slightly ventricose, 1 in. or more long, ^ in. thick, naked, often striate, and villous at the base ; often excentric ; gills crowded, deeply decurrent, white, then of a pale, dull, flesh colour, or yellowish brown ; spores pale brown, oval, with an apiculus at one end, *00045 X '0002 in. Odour of new meal, strong. — H. G. B. ( PI. III., jig. 14, reduced.) var. Ozcella. — Trans. Woolh. Cl. 1869, Jig. Badh. i. 1. 13. ii. t. 11, f. 1-2. Vent. t. 14,/. 1-3. In open places. June — Oct. Esculent. Pileus thin, irregular, depressed in the centre, lobed, undulated, 2-3 in. broad, clear white, sometimes tinted with pale brown on its prominences, occasionally with a grey centre, or slightly zoned with grey ; surface soft and smooth to the touch, except in wet weather, when it becomes soft and sticky ; flesh soft, colourless, and unchangeable ; stem smooth, white, solid, short, decreasing in size, central when young, becoming excentric from the pileus growing irregularly ; gills crowded, decurrent, at first nearly white, then pinkish grey, at length with a light brown tint ; spores pale brown, *00035 X *00018 in. ; odour pleasant ; smaller than the typical form, less fleshy, and grows in more open glades. — H. G. B. 266. Agaricus (Clitopilus) cretatus. Berk. “ Chalky Clitopilus.” Small ; pileus membranaceous, at length umbilicate, dead- white, shining, margin involute ; stem very short, tomentose ; gills decurrent, narrow, rosy. — Ann. N.H. no. 903. On naked soil in woods and pastures. Single or gregarious ; pileus in. across, at first convex, then umbili- cate, of a dead white, but shining, membranaceous, not striate, margin invo- lute ; stem a few lines high, 1 line thick, often curved at the base, and some- times thickened, tomentose, especially below, white; gills pale pink, not broad, very decurrent ; mycelium white, floccose. — M.J.B. 267. Agaricus (Clitopilus) mundulus. lasch . “Delicate Clitopilus.” Pileus fleshy, thin, tough, plane, then depressed, unequal, un- polished, dry ; stem stuffed, thin, flocculose, thickened at either AGARICINI. 97 end, at length black within ; gills deeply decurrent, much crowded, narrow, pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 149. Batsch.f. 119. Batt. 1. 1 6,f.F. In woods. King’s Cliffe. Scotland. Whitish; from 1 in. to 2 in. broad, even or rivulose ; stem about 1 in. long, at first floccoso-villose, then becoming smooth. 268. Agazicus (Clitopilus) popinalis. Fr. “ Greyish Clitopilus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, unequal, sub-repand, flaccid, smooth ; stem stuffed, slender, equal, naked, rather flexuous ; gills deeply decurrent, crowded, lanceolate, dark grey. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 149. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1866) no. 1114. On downs. Oct. Worthing. Near Bath. A curious species, with a rank and strong odour ; the pileus and flesh are of a greyish tint, the gills are strongly decurrent, and the spores pink ; pro- bably esculent. Spores irregular spheres, so pale as to be hardly distin- guished from white ; might easily be referred to Clitocyle , diameter •00018 in. 269. Agazicus (Clitopilus) undatus. Fr. “ Waved Clitopilus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, deeply umbilicate, opaque when dry ; stem hollow, short, unequal ; gills very decurrent, thin, scarcely crowded, dark, cinereous. — Epicr. p. 149. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. •1865, no. 1000. In open downs. Oct. Batheaston, &c. Inodorous ; stem soft, attenuated at the base ; pileus 1^ in. wide, sooty grey, often infundibuliform and zoned. Fries. Spores brilliant salmon- pink, very irregular, average diameter *00025 in. — W. G.S. 270. Agazicus (Clitopilus) canczinus. Fr. “Flesh-coloured Clitopilus.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, umbilicate, then convex and expanded, unequal ; without striae, growing pale ; stem stuffed, then fistulose, tough, short, smooth, white ; gills decurrent, distant, arcuate, white, then pale flesh-colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 150. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1115. In a grass field. Aug. Apethorpe. Pileus of a very pale flesh-colour, or whitish, at first umbilicate, gills dis- tant, at first white. F 98 AGARICINI. Sub- Gen. 15. Claudopus. Smith. Seem. Journal . Pleurotus and Crepidotus. Fr. partly. Spores pink, or pale lilac ; stem lateral or none, when present confluent and homogeneous with the hymenophore ; gills sinuate or decurrent. — ( PI. III., fig. 15.) Hab. On wood or the ground. Claudopus corresponds with Pleurotus , only differing in the colour of the spores. — W. G. S. 271. Agaricus (Claudopus) euosmus. Berk . “ Tarragon Claudopus.” Imbricated, strong-scented. Pileus depressed, shining, and satiny when dry ; stem short or obsolete, confluent ; gills ventri- cose, very decurrent, dingy white ; spores pinkish. — Berk. Outl . p 135. Huss. i. t. 75. Badli. 1. 11, partly. Ann. N.H. no. 326. On elm posts, stumps, &c. Spring. Pilei very much crowded, 2 in. or more across, deeply depressed, unequal, at first white, invested with a light blue varnish, at length of a light brown ; stem distinct above, connate below ; gills rather broad, running down to the bottom of the free portion of the stem. Spores oblong, narrow, oblique, whitish, tinged with purple. The whole plant smells when first gathered strongly of tarragon.— AT. J. B. ( Plate III.,/. 15, reduced.) 272. Agaricus (Claudopus) variabilis. P. “ Variable Claudopus.” Pileus sub-membranaceous, resupinate, then reflexed, silky with white down ; gills radiating, rather crowded, white, then rusty- red, at length pale cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p. 211. Pers. Ohs. ii. t. 5,/. 12. Sow. t. 97. Bull. 1 . 152, 581. FI. Dan. 1 . 1556. Eng. FI. v.p. 103. On sticks, &c. Common. [S. Carolina.] Pileus ^-1 in. broad, membranaceous, at first hemispherical, with a short stem, soon resupinate, and then again reflexed, the stem becoming quite ob- solete, white, covered with silky down ; sometimes there is no stem at first, but the pileus is resupinate from the earliest stage of growth. Spores elliptic, rusty-pink. — M. J. B. Spores '0002 X *00013 in. — W. G. S. 273. Agaricus (Claudopus) depluens. Batsch. “ Ground Claudopus.” Pileus submembranaceous, resupinate, reflexed, somewhat con- chate, clothed with white down behind ; gills broad, crowded, grey, then reddish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 212. Batsch. f. 122. Pers. M. E. t. 24,/. 5. Ann. N.H. no. 73. On the ground, in stoves, &c. Oct. [S. Carolina.] Whitish when dry. AGARICINI. 99 274. Agaricus (Claudopus) byssisedus. P. “ Little Claudopus.” Pileus membranaceous, resupinate, tben reflexed, nearly plane, pruinose with grey down ; stem incurved ; gills broad, whitish, then cinereous. — Fr.Epicr.p.212. Pers.Ic. Desc.t.l^fA. Pers. Obs. ii. t. 5,/. 8, 9. Ann . N.H. no . 686. On the ground. Sept. Rare. Sometimes with a distinct slender stem. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, grey ; spores angulato-stellate, in this respect resembling the Hyporhodii , *0004 in. long, *00028 in. wide. Sub-Gen. 16. Leptonia. Fr. S.M. i., p. 201. Spores salmon colour, irregular in shape ; pileus less campanu- late than Nolanea , and never truly fleshy, cuticle always torn into scales, disk umbilicate, and often darker than margin, which is at first incurved (b) ; stem rigid, with a cartilaginous bark, often dark blue, confluent with the hymenophore, but heterogeneous from it • gills not decurrent, but often with a small tooth or sinus, separating from the stem, variable in colour, at first dirty white, yellowish, greenish-grey, or blue . — (. PL 16.) Hab. Dry hills, and sometimes marshy places, in July and August. Most of the species grow in clusters, are small, and of an elegant colour ; most common in rainy seasons. Structurally the same as Collybia, and bears the same relationship to Clitopilus as Collybia to Clitocybe . — W. G. S. The small sketch, showing incurved margin of pileus, is A. (Leptonia) chalybceus , P. 275. Agaricus (Leptonia) lampropus. Fr. “ Mouse-coloured Leptonia.” Pileus rather fleshy, obtuse, convex, then plane, not striate, at length depressed, squamulose, broken up into flocci ; stem sub- fistulose, even, unspotted, steel-violet ; gills adnate, ventricose, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 152. Bull. t. 521,/. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 145. In pastures. Pileus l^in. across, opaque, not umbilicate, nor papillate, from mouse- colour to steel-grey. 276. Agazicus (Leptonia) sermlatus. P. Saw-gilled Leptonia.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, hemispherical, then expanded, umbilicate, sub-squamose ; stem fistulose, smooth, dotted above, black ; gills adnate, seceding, broad, bluish, then f 2 ' 4 op yi %-l } j AGARIC IN I. ‘g ■-■gDloqred, edge black, serrulated. — Fr Epicr.p. 153. ptolms. ii. i, B‘8; Bull. t. 413,/. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 146. In woods. Rare. Wothorpe. Remarkable for its black margined, serrated gills ; stem black, steel blue, glaucous, or grey. Pileus at first blackish blue. 277. Agaricus (Leptonia) euchrous. P. “ Violet Leptonia.” Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate,then convex, obtuse, squamu- lose, or fibrillose; stem stuffed, smooth, violet; gills adnexed, ven- tricose, violet ; edge darker, entire. — Fr. Epicr.p. 153. Pers . Syn. p. 343. Ann. N.H. no. 791. On alder trunks. Pileus violet, scarcely an inch broad ; stem about 1^ in. long, 1 line thick, tough. The habitat as well as structure of this species is analogous with certain species of Collybia. 278. Agaricus (Leptonia) chalybceus. P. “ Steel-blue Leptonia.” Pileus rather fleshy, convex, sub-umbonate, without stride, at first flocculose, then squamulose ; stem stuffed, smooth, blue ; gills emarginate, adnexed, broad, ventricose, glaucous, dirty white, edge darker. — Fr. Epicr.p. 153. Sow. 1. 161. Krombh. t. 2.f. 11, 16. Eng. FI. v.p. 80. In pastures. July — Sept. Pileus |-1 in. broad, convex, minutely umbonate, scaly, dark blue, or al- most black, sub-carnose, slightly striate on the margin, flesh dark blue ; gills at first pale, then clouded lightly, of the colour of the pileus. Stem in. high, 1 line thick, stuffed, at length hollow, indigo without, dark within, nearly smooth above, downy at the base. Spores rose-coloured, elliptic, with a globular nucleus. — M. J. B. ( PL III. 3 f. 16, small fig.) 279. Agaricus (Leptonia) incanus. Fr. “ Hoary Leptonia.” Pileus submembranaceous, convexo-plane, umbilicate, smooth, with a silky lustre, or virgate, margin striate ; stem fistulose, shining, smooth, brownish-green ; gills adnate, seceding, broad, somewhat distant, white, then greenish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 154. Sow. t. 162. A. Sowerbei. Eng. Fl.y.p. 82. In pastures. Smell like that of mice ; gregarious; pileus about 1 in. broad, variegated brown and greenish; stem 1-2 in. long, greenish or greenish brown. Spores very irregular, dull-yellowish, pink, average diameter *00034 in. ( PL Ill.i f. 16, reduced .) AGARICINI. 280. Agaxicus (Leptonia) aspxellus. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex, striate, hygrophanous, with a darker umbilicus, squamuloso- fibrillose ; stem fistulose, slender, smooth; gills adnate, seceding, rather distant, equally attenuated, whitish grey. — Fr. Epicr. p. 154. Berk. Outl.p. 147. In open pastures. Bristol. Wansford. Pileus at first dingy or mouse colour, soon plane and livid grey, usually smooth, except in the centre, 1-1^ in. bread ; stem 1-2 in. long, scarcely 1 lin. thick, even, smooth, livid, greenish, or light blue. Sub- Gen. 17. Nolanea. Fr. S. M. i. p. 204. Spores salmon colour ; pileus submembranaceous (as in Lep- tonia and Eccilia ), sub-campanulate, and papillose, not umbili- cate, at first straight and pressed to the stem, not incurved as in Leptonia; stem cartilaginous, fistulose, sometimes stuffed, con- fluent with hut heterogeneous from the hymenophore ; gills not decurrent. Hab. Generally terrestrial, growing on grassy hills, and in wet places in woods. — PI. III., fig. 17. The species are thin, slender, inodorous, and brittle (but some very tena- cious), growing in summer and autumn. Nolanea corresponds with Mycena^ OaXer a , Psathyra, and Psathyrella . — W. O. S. 281. Agaxicus (Nolanea) pascuus. P . “ Pasture Nolanea.” Pileus membranaceous, conical, then expanded, sub-umbonate, smooth, striate, hygrophanous, when dry shining like silk; stem fistulose, fragile, silky fibrous, striate ; gills attenuated behind, nearly free, ventricose, crowded, dirty greyish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 155. Schceff.t. 229. Buxb.'w.t. 21, f. 1. Batt.t. 25, E. Bolt.i. 35. Eng. FI. v. p. 81, partly. In pastures. Inodorous. [United States.] # Stem soft, 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lin. thick, striate ; pileus 2-3 in. broad, some- times scarcely exceeding 1 in., dingy when moist, when dry hoary or pale fawn-colour. Spores irregular, rounded, pentagonal, hexagonal, &c., dia- meter from *0003 to *00042 in. (PI. III.J . 17, reduced.) 282. Agaxicus (Nolanea) xufo-caxneus. Berk. “Red-brown Nolanea.” Pileus submembranaceous, hemispherical, umbilicate, indis- tinctly fibrilloso-squamulose, red brown ; margin striate ; stem elongated, pale rufous, rather incrassated at the base ; gills ad- 102 AGARICINX nate, ventricose, attenuated behind, slightly connected and tra- versed by veins. — Eng. FI. v . p. 2,p. 82. Berk. Outl . p. 148. On heaths. Sept. Pileus 1 in. broad, umbilicate, membranaceous, indistinctly fibrilloso- squamulose, margin striate, dark red brown ; gills adnate, ventricose, waved, rose-coloured, slightly connected and traversed by veins ; stem in. high, 1 line thick, curved at the base, where it is slightly thickened, pale rufescent, nearly white above, fistulose, smooth, under a lens minutely hbrillose ; taste rather bitter. — M.J.B. 283. Agaiicus (Nolanea) rubidus. Berli . “ Ruddy Nolanea.” Pileus membranaceous, convex, at length umbilicate, finely silky; stem short, thickest above, solid, minutely silky ; gills ventricose, adnate, attenuated behind, sometimes sub -decurrent, whitish, then rose-coloured. — Maq. Zool. & Bot. i. t. 2, f. 2. Berk. Outl.p. 155. In stoves. March. Milton, Norths. Pileus f in. across, convex, at length umbilicate, margin sometimes slightly wavy, membranaceous, finely silky, white or greyish, acquiring at length a pale, ruddy tinge ; gills broad, ventricose, adnate, with frequently a more or less distinct tooth, sometimes at length decurrent, rose-coloured, as well as the elliptic spores ; stem 1^-2 lines high, thickest above, white or greyish like the pileus, solid, minutely silky ; smell like new flour. — M.J.B. Spores *00018 X *00015 in. 284. Agaricus (Nolanea) Babingtonii. Blox. “ Babington's Nolanea.” Pileus conico-campanulate, cinereous, shining like silk, adorned with dark brown sub-fasciculate fibres, which are free at one end; stem equal, fistulose, clothed with dark brown down, sub-strigose; gills ventricose, distant, cinereous, darker at the base, adnate, glittering with little points. — Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. Ser. 2 ,p. £00, pi. xv./. I, no. 903*. Rare. Twycross. Collyweston. [Pennsylvania, U. S.] Pileus scarcely % in. across, conico-campanulate, cinereous, shining, with dark -brown silky sub-fasciculate hairs, the ends of which are free, disc sub- squamulose, margin straight ; stem about 1 in. high, not 1 lin. thick, equal, fistulose, spadiceo-tomentose, sub-strigose ; gills ventricose, distant, cine- reous, darker behind, adnate, glittering; spores oblong, ventricose on the outer side, rather irregular, sometimes with a distinct septum. — M. J. B. 285. Agaiicus (Nolanea) junceus. Fr. ‘‘Rush-stemmed Nolanea. ’ Pileus membranaceous, conical, then expanded, radiato-striate, shining, hygrophanous, disc umbilicate, sub-squamulose ; stem fistulose, slender, smooth, brown; gills adnexed, seceding, as- AGARICINI. 103 cending, obovate, somewhat distant, grey-brown, then purplish. — Fr. Ep.p . 156. B. § Br. Ann . N.H. (1866), no, 1116. In a wood. Oct. Caernarvonshire. Stem slender, 3 in. long, smooth, brown, then livid-brown. Pilens very obtuse, about 1 in. broad, dingy when fresh, livid when dry. Sub- Gen, 18. Eccilia. Fr. S. M., i. p. 207. Spores salmon-colour ; pileus generally umbilicate, disc homo- geneous, margin at first incurved, as in Leptonia ; stem hollow, confluent with but heterogeneous from the hymenophore ; gills truly decurrent. — [Pl. III., Jig. 18.) Corresponds with Omphalia. The species figured is Agaricus (Eccilia) Parkensis , Fr., for specimens of which I am indebted to Mr. C. E. Broome. Average size of spores *00027 in. — - W. G. S. 286. Agaricus (Eccilia) carneo-griseus. B, fy Br, “ Flesh- grey Eccilia.” Pileus umbilicate, greyish-flesh colour, finely striate, margin darkened with micaceous particles ; stem slender, shining, smooth, of the same colour, whitish tomentose at the base, hollow upwards; gills distant, adnato-decurrent, sub-undulate, rosy, margin irregu- larly darkened. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 1001, pi. xiii. fig- 1- Amongst fir leaves. Aug. Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. Spores irregular, rose-coloured. Its closest ally is A. atrides , from which it differs in the smooth stem, delicate colour, &c. — B. & Br. 287. Agaricus (Eccilia) Parkensis. Fr. “Umbilicate Eccilia.” Pileus membranaceous, plano-convex, strongly umbilicate, quite smooth, brown when moist, blackish when dry ; stem fistulose, short, attenuated downwards, smooth, brown ; gills decurrent, crowded, whitish, then dingy flesh colour. — Fr. Monogr.p. 301. In grassy places. Elmhurst. Pileus scarcely an inch broad, striate to the middle, not hygrophanous ; stem short, scarcely 1 in. ( PI. III., fig. 18 J 288. Agaricus (Eccilia) rhodocylix. LascJi. “Roseate Eccilia.” Pileus membranaceous, rugulose, floccose, soft, umbilicate, then infundibuliform ; stem stuffed, slender, incurved, even, smooth ; gills strongly decurrent, distant, thick, whitish.— Ann. Nat. Hist, no. 904. Fr. Epicr. p. 160. 104 AGARICIlSri. On rotten wood. Stem stuffed, scarcely an inch long, \ line thick, cinereous. Pileus | in. broad, hygrophanous, when moist remotely striate and brownish, when dry flocculose and grey. Just the habit of A. umbelliferus , its analogue amongst the Leucospori. Series III. Dermini, Fr. Epicr. p. 160. Spores various shades of reddish-brown, brown, red, or yellowish-brown. In the Dermini there are no species with the hymenophore free from the stem, neither are any furnished with a volva, unless, indeed, a trace of such species is indicated in the genus Cortinarius (for Cortinarius is certainly allied to Pholiota and Hebeloma) , where many of the species have an adnate volva and arachnoid ring.— W.G. S. Sub-Gen. 19. Pholiota. Fr. S. M. i. p. 240. {fig. 19.) Spores sepia-brown, bright yellowish-brown, or light red ; stem confluent and homogeneous with the hymenophore, furnished with a ring, persistent, friable, fugacious. Hab. All the British species grow on stumps except five, which grow on the ground, principally in damp, mossy places. — {PI. IV., fig. 19.) A few species are said to be edible, but they cannot be recommended. Pholiota is analogous to Armillaria and Stropharia. There is some danger of confusing Plioliotce with Cortinarii , but attention must be paid to the spidery veil and the rust-of m iron tint of the spores in the latter. — W. G. S. A. Humigenei — Terrestrial. 289. Agasricus (Pholiota) durus. Bolt. “ Hard Pholiota.” Pileus sub-compact, convexo-plane, smooth, at length cracked ; margin even; stem stuffed, hard, externally fibrous, rather thickened upwards and mealy ; ring slightly torn ; gills adnate (often with a tooth), ventricose, livid, then of a brown rust colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 162. Bolt. t. §l,f. 1. Krombh. t. 28, f. 14, 22. Ann. N. H. No. 327. In gardens. [Cincinnati.] Pileus pale, tawny, or brownish tan, 3 in. or more broad, stem usually short, about f an in. thick ; spores *00035 X ‘00024 in. AGARICrNX * 105 290. Agairicus (Pholiota) prae cox. P. cl Spring Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, soft, convexo-plane, obtuse, at length smooth, even ; stem stuffed, then hollow, cylindrical, pubescent or mealy, at length smooth, white as well as the ring ; gills emarginate, adnexed, crowded, white, then brownish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 162. Schceff. t. 217. Berk, Outl. t. 8 /. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 107. Krombh . *.55,/. 11-16. Letell. t. 608. In gardens tod pastures. Spring. [United States.] Pileus about 2 in. across, very fleshy, flesh firm, white or pale buff, watery near the gills, cuticle when moist subviscid, when dry resembling white kid leather, retaining the impression of the fingers, somewhat tesselated, yel- lowish or pale tawny. Gills adnexed or subadnate, moderately broad, not ventricose, slightly hollowed out behind with a sub-decurrent tooth, pale brownish purple, edge white or yellowish; stem i^-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, sub-flexuous, equal or sub-bulbous, solid, but sometimes decidedly hollow, juicy, white, or faintly shaded with buff, fibrillose, under a lens sub-pubescent, ring near the top deflexed and striate, or attached in frag- ments to the edge of the pileus; root strong, white, branched.— M. J. B. Spores -00031 X *0002, sometimes inclined to be irregular in shape as in some Hyporhodii. ♦ . ^ ft "• Truncigenei — onf wood, subrqsespitose. ~ ~ - %A ,cuy\ BuTl. “ Rooting J:U: 291 1 A^'^ii^aiicus' Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, equal, obtuse, even, smooth, spotted ; stem solid, rooting ; above the distant ring mealy, below concentrically squamulose ; gills free, ventricose, pallid, then reddish brown. Fr. Epicr. p. 163. Bull. t. 160. Krombh. t. 62 /. 6-10. Eng. FI. v. p. 90. In woods. Pileus 3 in. or more broad, convex, fleshy, the whole covered at first with a slimy web which leaves behind broad adpressed scales on the stem and pileus, besides these there are many fine close silky scales, pallid ochre, mar- gin downy, involute ; gills incarnato-ferruginous, pale, adnate, nearly hori- zontal, minutely serrulate ; stem 4 in. high, 1 in. thick, deeply rooting, firm, solid, white within, ring thick, sub-erect, beneath the slimy coat silky and furfuraceous, above the ring pruinose. Odour of prussic acid ; taste soon disagreeable. — M. J . B. Spores *00034 X *00017 in., oval, with an apiculus at one end, somewhat irregular in shape. 292. Agairicus (Pholiota) pudicus. Bull . “ Modest Pholiota.’ ’ Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, even, dry, smooth ; stem solid, sub-equal, even ; ring spreading, persis- tent ; gills rounded behind, adnate, ventricose, whitish , then tawny. — Fr. Epicr , p. 164. Bull. t. 597,/. 2. R. S. and L. O. Huss. ii. t. 31. Batt . *. 8, A. Letell. t. 664. f 5 r\ 106 AGARICINI. On elder trunks, &c., and on the ground. Esculent. Pileus sometimes rivulose, dirty white, simple, or csespitose. Stem ex- centric, curved at the base ; spores *0002 X *00032 in. 293. Agaricus (Pholiota) leochromus. Cooke . “ Tawny Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, at length depressed, soft, smooth, not shining ; stem solid, nearly equal, even ; ring persistent, tawny ; gills rounded, adnate, slightly ventricose, pallid, then cinnamon-coloured ; spores profuse. — Seem. Journ. Bot. No. 3 (1863), t. 3, /. 3. Ann.N. H. 1865. On stumps, &c. Esculent. Caespitose ; pileus 2-3 in., bright tawny, paler (whitish) at the margin, generally rivulose from the cracking of the cuticle ; stem 3-4 in., slender, solid, fibrous, internally amber-brown at the base, externally paler, white above, nearly equal, smooth, shining. Allied to A.pudicus and A. capistratus , but differing in habit and structure from both. Found at Millfield-lane, Highgate, plentifully in the autumn of 1862 and 1863. Since met with by W. G. Smith in other localities. ( PI. jig. 2.J 294. A gar icus (Pholiota) capistratus. Cooke . “Ruffed Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, convex, somewhat viscid, margin involute, slightly striate ; stem nearly equal, stuffed, thick, subsquamulose ; ring spreading, persistent ; gills decurrent, pallid, growing darker. — Seem. Journ. Bot. No. 3 (1863 j, t.3,f. 4. Ann. Nat. Hist. (1865.) On old stumps, elm, &c. Highgate. Subcsespitose. Pileus 2-3 in., livid, tawny, rather viscid when moist, whitish when dry, margin folded inwards and obscurely striate ; stem 3-4 in. thick, nearly equal ; ring large and entire, spreading, and persistent ; gills rather fleshy, crowded, decurrent, pallid. Taste rather unpleasant. Dis- tinguished from A. pudicusdiindi A. cylindraceus by its decurrent gills, its more robust habit, and the folding in of the margin of the pileus. ( PI. ljig* \.) This species is stated to be edible by Mr. J. A. Clark, who found it at Street, Somerset; Mr. W. G. Smith, who has found it in several places, says the spores are the same in size and colour as the last. "Hr $JLxa Compa 295. Agaricus (Pholiota) heteroclitus. Fr. “ Bulbous- ' stemmed Pholiota.’ * Compact" Pileus plano-convex, then expanded, very obtuse, rather excentric, marked with scattered, innate, adpressed scales ; stem solid, short, bulbous at the base, fibrillose, white ; gills rounded, adnexed, very broad, at first pallid, then ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 165. Gard. Chron. 1868, p. 1113. On poplar. Bromley. AGARICHSTI. 107 Odour strong and pungent. Pileus whitish or yellowish, broken up into scales, sometimes smooth if dry, viscid when moist, disc piano-truncate ; stem within at the base of a rhubarb colour, ring fugacious, appendiculate. 296. Agaricus (Pholiota) comosus. Fr. “ Hairy Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, convex, obtuse, viscid, sprinkled with evanescent, superficial, floccose scales ; stem solid, slightly bulbous, white, as well as the evanescent, floccose ring ; gills rather decurrent, quite entire, white, becoming of a brownish clay colour. — Fr. Epicr . p. 165. Bolt . t. 42. On trunks. Pileus 3 in. broad, brownish, with the scales paler. Flesh compact, white. 297. Agaricus (Pholiota) squarrosus. Mull. “ Scaly Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, convex, then expanded, dry ; stem stuffed, attenuated at the base, squarrose, as well as the pileus, with crowded darker, innate, revolute scales ; gills sub -decurrent, crowded, narrow, pallid, olivaceous, then ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 166. Bull. t. 266. Schceff. t. 61. Sow. t. 284. Grev. t. 2. Huss . i. t. 8. Eng. FI. v.p. 91. var. Mulleri. Saund. Sm. 1. 18,/. 1. On trunks of trees. Common. [S. Carolina.] Ceespitose. Pileus 2-5 in. across, firm, convex, expanded, obtusely um- bonate, tawny-yellow, clothed with rich brown scales, flesh yellow near the surface ; gills at first yellowish, then pale-olive, changing to ferruginous, broad, rounded behind, and adnate or sub-decurrent. Stem 3-7 in. high, ^-1 in. thick, at first pale, then croceo-ferruginous, solid, pithy in the centre, equal, or attenuated at the base from the tufted mode of growth, fibrillose and squarrose, with reflexed scales, above the ring very pale yellow and smooth. Ping near the apex, radiato-floecose, rich brown, inclining to orange. Odour disagreeable. - M. J. B. Spores *00022 X *00017 in. (PI. IV. s fig.l9.) 298. Agaricus (Pholiota) aurivellus. Batsch. “Golden Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then convex, gibbous, slightly viscid, variegated with darker, adpressed scales ; stem stuffed, nearly equal, curved, clad with scattered, adpressed, floccose, fer- ruginous-brown scales ; ring rather distant ; gills sinuated be- hind, fixed, white, straw-coloured, then ferruginous-umber. — Fr. Epicr. p. 165. FI. Boruss. t. 386. Batsch. f. 115. FI. Dan. t. 2074. Eng. FI. v. p. 91. Ann. N.H. no. 680*. Saund. Sm. t. 9. On trunks of trees. Rare. [S. Carolina.] Generally solitary, Pileus tawny, 3 in. across, when young hemispherical, at length expanded ; gills fixed, very broad, plane, pallid olive, at length ferruginous; stem hard, abrupt, various in length, incurved, sub-bulbous, whitish, within rhubarb-coloured at the base, veiled at the very apex. — Fries . 108 AGARICItfl. 299. Agasricus (Pholiota) adiposus. Fr. “Pine-apple Pholiota.” Pilens compact, convex, then plane, obtuse, glutinous ; stem stuffed, somewhat bulbous, yellow, squarrose as well as the pileus with superficial, evanescent, darker, concentric scales ; gills ad- nate, broad, yellow, then ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 166. Berlc. Outl.t.&.f. 2. FI. Dan. t. 207 8. Krombh. t. 3, f.l. Batsch. f. 31. Eng. FI. v. p. 91. On beech and ash trunks. [Cincinnati.] Extremely beautiful, growing in large tufts, coloured like a ripe pine- apple. Pileus convex, firm, fleshy, margin thin, of a beautiful tawny, very viscid, smooth and shining, with a few superficial darker scales ; remains of the woven ring attached to the margin. Gills broad, rounded behind, and adnate with a tooth, ferruginous, edge white. Stem equal, scarcely thick- ened at the base, solid, firm, brown below, yellowish above, with tawny, ad- pressed scales, near the apex whiter and more silky. — M. J. B. Spores *00029 X *00021 in. 300. Agaricus (Pholiota) spectabilis. Fr. “Orange Pholiota.” Pileus compact, convex, then plane, dry, cuticle torn into fi- brous or silky scales ; stem solid, ventricose, somewhat rooting ; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, narrow, yellow, then ferru- ginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 166. Bull . t. 92. Krombh. t. 3 ,f. 3. Ann . N.H. no. 904*. Sow. t. 77. Huss. i. t. 71. A. aureus , Eng. FI. v. p. 90. Berlc. Outl.p. 140. On dead stumps. Subcsespitose. Pileus 4 in. or more broad, convexo-expanded, rich tawny, with broad, adpressed, silky scales in the centre, which towards the margin become mere streaks, fleshy ; flesh pale yellow ; gills at length tawny fer- ruginous, adnexed, rounded behind, or decurrent ; stem 4 in. high, 1 in. or more thick, solid, tough, and spongy, the centre a little looser, thickened downwards and bulbous, with a small (sometimes rather large) deflexed, rather thick ring near the top, which is densely powdered with the spores, under the gills minutely squamulose, below fibrillose, the fibrillse close, paler than the pileus, rhubarb-coloured within ; root a few downy fibres ; taste bitter. — M.J.B. Spores *0003 X *0002 in. 301. Agaricus (Pholiota) flammans. Fr. “ Yellow scaly Pholiota.” Pileus flesby, convex, then plane, somewhat umbonate, dry, clothed with superficial, hairy, paler scales ; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, rather flexuose, squamoso-squarrose, ring entire, yellow, as well as the fixed, crowded, quite entire gills. — Fr. Epicr . p. 167. Eng. FI. y.p. 92. In pine woods. Sept. Oct. AGARICrsri. 109 Taste bitter. Pileus l|-3 in. broad, margin at first indexed, then repand, scales concentric, yellow, scarcely innate; gills rather thin, close, adnate, without a tooth, at length ferruginous; stem 3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, stuffed, at length hollow, yellow ; ring entire, close to the gills. — Fries . 302. Agaricus (Pholiota) Junonius. Fr. “Beautiful Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, conyexo-plane, obtuse, when dry smooth ; stem solid, equal, incurved, even, furfuraceous above the ring ; gills adnate, crowded, yellow, then tawny. — Fr. Epicr. p. 167 . Sv. Bot. t. 584. Saund. Sm. t. 18,/. 2. On trunks. Oct. Highgate. — M.C.C. Single, or in small tufts, of a beautiful deep brownish-orange, minutely fibrillose when moist, smooth when dry; gills at first yellow, then of a deep cinnamon-brown; spores nearly ferruginous. Fries, to whom a drawing of our specimens was submitted, refers them without doubt to this species, which he describes as rare everywhere. Spores oval, or with an apiculus at one end, *00027 X ‘00017 in. 303. Agaricus (Pholiota) mutabilis. Schceff. “ Changeable Pholiota.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, smooth, becoming pale; margin thin; stem stuffed, then hollow, rigid, rough with scales, dark-brown at the base ; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, pallid, then cinnamon colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 169. Schceff. t. 9. Lenz.f. 20. Krombh. Bull.t. 543 ,O.P.R. Badh.i. 1. 16,/. 4a. Gonn. Rahh. iv. t. 6. Price ,/. 123. Berk . Outl. t. 8,/. 3. Eng. FI. v. p. 92. Huss . ii. t. 27. On trunks, especially lime stumps, or on the ground. Esculent. [United States.] Csespitose. Pileus expanded, obtuse, cinnamon, becoming pale when dry ; centre of the pileus at length bright tawny, quite smooth, the margin thin transparent, flesh white ; gills broad, rounded behind, or sub-decurrent, pale umber; stem slender, fistulose, dark-brown, smooth above, or minutely pul- verulent, and pale, below squamulose, ring woven, sub-erect.— M. J. B. Spores *00045 X *00025 in. 304. Agaxicus (Pholiota) marginatus. Batsch. “Malginate Pholiota.” Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, smooth, moist, hygrophanous ; margin striate ; stem fistulose, soft, not scaly, pruinose above the fugacious ring, base darker, clothed with whitish velvety down ; gills adnate, crowded, watery-cinnamon coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 168. Batsch. f. 207 (208 var.) Krombh . *.73,/. 5-6. 110 AGARICIN1. On the ground amongst firs. Solitary or gregarious, rarely caespitose. Stem about 2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick ; pileus when moist honey-coloured, when dry tan-coloured, ring 1-2 lines distant from the apex of the stem. C. Muscigenei — growing on moss, &c. 305. Agariciis (Pholiota) pumilus. Fr. “ Little Pholiota.” Pilens somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, even ; stem fistulose, slender, sub-fibrillose ; ring collar-like, rather fugacious ; gills adnate, crowded, broad, pallid-yellowish. — Fr. Epicr.p.110. In woods. October. Rare. Pileus only a few lines broad, yellowish ; stem 1-1^ in. long $ 1-1| line thick. 306. Agaaricus (Pholiota) my cenoides. Fr. “ Delicate Pholiota.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, deeply stri- ate, hygrophanous ; stem fistulose, slender, ferruginous, smooth as well as the pileus ; ring membranaceous, white ; gills adnate, rather distant, ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 170. A. mesodactylus. B. Br. Ann. N.H. Ser. 2, ii.^>. 261, t. 9,/. 1, p. 400, no. 681. On the ground, in damp dells. Oct. Rare. “ My plant las a white stem, but Pries considers it the same with his A. mycenoides. Pileus 1^ in. broad, obtusely conical, with the margin expanded, hygrophanous, pale tawny, slightly fleshy in the centre, margin striate ; stem flexuous, 2 j in. high, 2 lines thick, white, nearly smooth above and below the ring, sometimes showing a vinous stain where bruised, nearly equal, fistulose. Ring central, expanded, quite entire, deeply striate within ; gills moderately broad, slightly ventricose, ascending, affixed M.J. B. 337. Agariciis (Pholiota) Leveillianus. D. % M. “Leveille’s Pholiota.” Hard, fleshy, thin, convex, umbonate, clothed with a glutinous, dark brown, opaque pellicle, at length wrinkled, and paler when dry ; stem hollow, nearly equal, fibrilloso-squamose below the ring, white, with a reddish tinge ; gills broad, adnate, decurrent, white, then pink, at length rufous. — Berk. Outl.p. 152. A.jeco- rinus. B. Br. Ann. N.H. Ser. 2, ii.^>. 260, no. 328. On soil about beech trees. Aug. Rushton, Norths. Fasciculate or gregarious. About 1^-2 in. across, hemispherical, at length expanded, quite smooth and even, at first clothed with a viscid pellicle, at length slightly wrinkled, somewhat fleshy, dark brown, paler when dry ; stem 2* in. high, \ in. thick, incrassated, below umber, dark brown^at the base, fibrillose, stuffed, at length hollow. Ring near the top persistent, AGARICINl. Ill mostly deflexed ; stem above tbe ring paler, fibrillose ; gills nmber, with a rosy tinge, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, rather distant ; spores brownish. — M . J. B. Allied to A. pudicus , &c., but distinct in its very dark head, and umber adnato-aecurrent gills. Taste like that of the common mushroom, with a slight acidity. Sub-Gen . 20. Hebeloma. Fr. S.M. i. p. 249. (Including Inocybe . Fr. Mon. Hym.) Spores for the most part clay-coloured, or in Inocybe ferruginous brown ; veil of a different texture from tbe pellicle of the pileus, or in Inocybe homogeneous with the fibres of the pileus ; pileus fleshy, pelliculose, damp, subviscid, or (in Inocybe) fibrous ; stem confluent and homogeneous with the hymenophore, fleshy- fibrous, ringless ; gills sinuato-adnate. Hab. All terrestrial. {PL IV., f. 20.) All the species are gregarious, and many so similar in appearance as to be with difficulty distinguished from each other. Some are scentless, several smell like rotten pears, and many have a disgusting odour and are poisonous ; none are esculent. Fries, in his ‘ Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae,* has introduced a new sub-genus after Hebeloma , which he names Inocybe, dis- tinguished by the pileus being silky -fibrous , and having a few other unimpor- tant characters ; but such characters seeming insufficient, we have preferred to adhere to the views expressed in the c Epicrisis,’ and to retain Inocybe as a section of Hebeloma. — W. G. S. A. Hymenocybe. Sect. 1. Veiled, odour mild. 308. Agazicus (Hebeloma) punctatus. Fr. “ Punctate Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, nearly plane, silky, becoming smooth, disc dotted with darker papillae ; stem hollow, equal, fibrillose, silky, grow- ing pale, whitish-pruinose above ; gills arcuate, fixed, narrow, pallid, ferruginous, or bay-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 17 9. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 906. In pine woods. Sept. Near Gainsborough. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, at first convex, soon becoming flattened, disc obtuse and swollen, umber about the centre, at length depressed ; stem 2-4 in. high, 2-4 lines thick. 309. Agaiicus (Hebeloma) versipellis. Fr. “ Changeable Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, disc viscid, with a tenacious gluten, beyond this silky-agglutinate, then smooth ; stem fistu- lose, tough, whitish and silky, pruinose above ; gills rounded, 112 AGARICINI. crowded, broad, whitish, flesh-coloured, then clay-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 179. Ann. N.H. no. 907. In grassy places, amongst fir leaves. Silky, with, an evanescent fibrillose veil, stem fibrilloso-striate, brownish internally j pileus thin, sub-punctate, regular, at length repand, dry, tan- coloured and opaque j odour faint, not unpleasant. 310. Agazicus (Hebeloma) mesophaeus. Pers. 4 £ Pine Hebeloma.” Pileus rather fleshy, conical, convex, then plane, equal, even, with a viscid disc ; stem sub-fistulose, equal, slender, fibrillose, white, then ferruginous, pruinose above ; gills emarginate, crowded, thin, clay-coloured or ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 179. Ann. N.H. no. 908. In pine woods. F Stem tough, 2-3 in. long, 2 lines thick, veil fugacious ; pileus about 1 in., ash-coloured or pallid, rarely fibrillose at the margin ; gills entire, and of one colour. Sect. 2. Odour nauseous. 311. Agazicus (Hebeloma) sinapizans. Fr. “ Clayey Hebeloma.” Pileus compact, convexo-plane, sub-repand, even, smooth, slightly viscid, stem nearly solid, stout, equal, fibrilloso-striate, whitish, apex squamose ; gills deeply emarginate, broad, dry, crowded, quite entire, clay-coloured cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 180. Paul. t. 82. Saund. <£* Sm. t. 2. In moist woods. Pileus clay-coloured or grey, 3-5 in. or more broad ; flesh white j stem 3-5 in. long, 1 in. thick. 312. Agazicus (Hebeloma) czustulinifozmis. Bull. “ King Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, sub-repand, smooth, slightly viscid, stem stuffed, firm, rather bulbous, flocculoso-squamose, whitish ; gills adnexed, crowded, thin, whitish, then watery cin- namon; edge crenulate, guttate. — Fr. Epicr.p. 180. Bull. t. 308, 546. Batsch.f. 195. Batt. t. 47. Paul . t. 52. Berk. Outl.p. 9,/. 1. Krombh. 62,/. 3-5. Smith. P.M.f. 24. In woods. Common. Forming large rings ; pileus whitish, pallid, or tan-coloured, with the disc flesh-coloured or brick -red, variable in size and in length of the stem. — Spores pip-shaped, *00035 >< *00023 in. AGARICINI. 113 313. Agairicus (Hebeloma) fastibilis. Fr. “ Ochrey Hebeloma.” Pileus compact, convexo-plane, repand, obtuse, viscid, smooth; stem solid, firm, sub-bulbous, white, fibroso-squamose ; veil evi- dent; gills emarginate, rather distant; pallid, whitish, then clay-coloured or cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 178. Schceff. t. 221. Batt. £.15, P>. Paul. t. 53, /. 2. Eng. FI. v. j?. 94 (partly.) Ann. N.H. no. 905. In woods. July — Oct. Common. [United States.] Densely gregarious or solitary ; pileus 1-3 in. broad, viscid, moist, or dry, very fleshy, sometimes only sub-carnose, sub-hemispherical, sometimes rugoso-plicate, in large specimens ochraceous, with a rufous tinge, margin pale, involute and downy ; gills broad, edges often lachrymose, ventricose, adnexed, emarginate or adnate, rather irregular, sab-argillaceous or cinna- mon ; stem 2-4£ in. high, 2 lines-1 in. thick, sub-bulbous, or nearly equal, somewhat rooting, clothed with scattered fibrillose scales, especially towards the apex, often twisted ; at length hollow ; odour disagreeable, somewhat re- sembling cherry-laurel flowers. — M. J. B. Spores pip-shaped *0004 X ‘0003 in. (PI. IV., f. 20.) 314. Agairicus (Hebeloma) testaceus. Batsch. “ Brick-red Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, convex, obtuse, even, rather viscid; stem hollow, rather bulbous, flocculose or fibrillose, pallid, mealy above ; gills attenuated, nearly free, lanceolate, crowded, ascend- ing, pale, then ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 178. Batsch. f. 198. In woods. Pileus about If in. broad, pale brick-red, ochraceous, or tan-coloured ; stem 3 in. long, 3 lines thick, pallid, sprinkled above, with a whitish meal. Beet. 3. Veil and odour none. 315. Agairicus (Hebeloma) longicaudus. P. “Long- stemmed Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, even, smooth, viscid ; stem almost hollow, fragile, nearly equal, white, mealy above ; gills emarginate, crowded, serrulated, dry, pale clay-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 181. Batt. t. 21,/. F. Berk. Outl. t. 9,/. 2. In woods. Pileus pale 1^-2 in. broad ; stem 4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, white, farina- ceous above ; flesh soft, watery ; odour faint, not unpleasant. Spores '0004 X ‘00025 in. 114 AGAEICINI. 3. Inocybe. — Cuticle fibrous, dry. Sect. 1. Squarrosi — pileus squarrose. 316. Agaricus (Kebeloma) relicinus. Fr. “ Moss Hebe- loma.” Pileus fleshy, thin, conical, then expanded, obtuse, squarrose, with tomentose scales, stem solid, soft, equal, floccoso-squamose; gills adnexed, crowded, yellow, then olivaceous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 171. Eng.Fl.v.p. 96. In marshy fir woods, amongst Sphagnum. Gregarious ; pileus 1 in. across, at first conic obtuse, 4 lines higb, then expanded ; gills close, alternate, at length dingy-olive ; stem 2 in. high, 2 lines thick. — Fries. 317. Agaricus (Hebeloma) flocculentus. Poll . “ Woolly Hebeloma.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, floccoso-squamose, the scales of the disc erect, and sharp ; stem solid, slender, squamoso-fibrillose, powdered with white dust above ; gills seceding, thin, toothed, of a pallid clay colour. — Fr. Mon. Hym. i. p. 336. Ag. lanuginosus. Fr. Epicr. p. 17 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 96. VaiU. 1. 13,/. 4-6. Pers. Ic. t. 8,/. 4. Bull. t. 370. On the ground. Inodorous ; pileus 1 in. or less broad, campanulato-convex, obtuse, then expanded, sub-umbonate, clothed with close squamuloso-squarrose down, which at length becomes obsolete, and leaves the pileus yellowish ; flesh of the pileus and stem dirty white; gills broad, ventricose, close, pallid, at length brownish ; stem lf-2 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, equal, tough, covered with brown fibrillose down, apex minutely pruinose.— Fries. 318. Agaricus (Hebeloma) plumosus. Bolt. “Downy Hebeloma.” Pileus rather fleshy, convexo-plane, disc squarrose, with erect fasciculate flocci, margin fibrillose ; stem stuffed, then hollow, slender, flexuose, floccoso-squamose, naked above ; gills sub- adnate, scarcely crowded, ventricose, quite entire, dingy. — Fr. Epicr.p. 172. Bolt. t. 33. Eng. FI. v. p. 96. In moist pine woods. Aug. Pileus 1| in. broad, thickly covered with little downy tufts ; stem 4 in. high, 1 line or more thick. AGARICISTI. 115 Sect . 2. Laceri — pileus torn. 319. Agaricus (Hebeloma) pyriodorus. P. Pear-scented Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, clad with fibrous adpressed scales ; stem stuffed, firm, equal, fibrillose, pruinose, and pale above ; gills emarginate, rather distant, dirty white, then nearly cinnamon brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 173. Bull . t. 532,/. 1. Eng. Fl.y.p. 96. • In woods. Sept. Oct. [Cincinnati.] Pileus 2 in. across, broadly and strongly umbonate, the margin at length a little turned up, fibrilloso-squamulose, fleshy, pallid umber ; gills adnexed, veutricose, pale ; stem 2-3 in. high, 4 lines thick, fibrillose, white, when bruised somewhat of the same hue as the pileus j veil very fugacious ; odour penetrating, like that of rotten pears. — M. J. B. 320. Agaricus (Hebeloma) scaber. Mull. “Rough Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, conical, then convex, obtusely gibbous, sprinkled with fibrous adpressed scales ; stem solid, thick, equal, silky fibrillose, veiled ; gills adnexed, crowded, dingy. — Fr. Epicr . p. 172. Sow. t. 207. Eng. Fl.y.p. 96. In woods. Pileus 1^ in. across, campanulate, subumbonate, dingy greyish-brown, scaly ; gills pale dingy brown, rather numerous, nearly free ; stem 1-1| in. high, 2-3 lines thick, solid, whitish, fibrillose, furnished with a bark -like ex- ternal coat ; sometimes subgregarious.— Grev. 321. Agaricus (Hebeloma) lacems. Fr. “ Torn Hebeloma.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, um- bonate, squamoso-fibrillose ; stem stuffed, slender, short, fibril- lose, naked above, reddish within ; gills adnexed, broad, ventri- cose, white, tinged with red, then mouse-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 173. FI. Ban. 1. 1846,/. 1. On the ground in woods. Stem 1-2 in. long, equal, or attenuated at the base, tough, paler than the pileus ; pileus about l in. broad, obtusely umbonate, at first closely fibrillose, then rimoso-squamose and squarrose, mouse-coloured, growing pale and yel- lowish. 322. Agaricus (Hebeloma) obscurus. P . “Violet Hebe- loma.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then plane, umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose; disc squamose; stem stuffed, sub- 116 AGARICINI. flexuose, fibrillose, violet brown ; gills nncinate, adnexed, crowded, ventricose, olivaceous, then brown. — Fr.Epicr . p. 173. Ann. N.H. no. 682. On the naked ground. Nov. Remarkable for its violet coloured stem or flesh, and its uncinate adnexed gills. — M.J.B. Spores pale brown, oval, or obovate, *0003 X '0002. in. 323. Agaxicus (Hebeloma) flocculosus. Berk. “Flocculose * Hebeloma.” Pileus subcarnose, convex, subcampanulate, umbonate, sericeo-squamulose ; stem fibrillose, squamuloso-pulverulent above; gills pale, fawn-coloured, then obscurely ferruginous, ventricose, adnate. — Eng. FI. v. p. 97. Berk. Outl. p. 154. On naked soil, and amongst grass. Rare. Pileus 1 in. broad, convex, subcampanulate, umbonate, sericeo-squamu- lose, brownish fawn colour, margin smoother, veil white, fibrillose, fuga- cious ; gills at first pale fawn, at length dull ferruginous, ventricose, arched behind, and then adnate but not broadly so, margin white; stem 1^ in. high, 2 lines thick, fibrillose, pale fawn, beneath the fibrillae brown, the apex minutely squamuloso-pulverulent. Odour like new meal. — M. J. B. 324. Agaricus (Hebeloma) Hookeri. Klotsch. “Hooker’s Hebeloma.” Pileus submembranaceous, obtuse, umbonate, clothed with branny scales; stem shining, purple, pruinose with fawn-coloured meal ; gills purple, at length cinnamon, adnexed. — Enq. FI. v. p. 97. Berk. Outl.p. 154. In garden pots. April — Oct. Glasgow. Pileus 5-8 lines broad, fawn-coloured, centre umber ; gills 1-1^ line broad, beautiful purple, at length cinnamon, veil floccoso-fibrillose, very fugacious; stem 1-1£ in. high, ^ line thick, fistulose, shining purple, pruinose with fawn-coloured meal.— Klotsch. 325. Agaxicus (Hebeloma) deglubens. Fr. “Peeling Hebeloma.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, umbonate, torn into adpressed fibrils, disc somewhat scaly ; stem solid, with ad- pressed fibrils, pallid, apex darker, mealy ; gills adnate, ventri- cose, somewhat distant, dingy, then cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 173. B. fyBr.Ann.N.H. 1866, no. 1117. In woods. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Stature of A. obscurus, but colour and punctate apex of the stem (not white) very distinct. Pileus reddish bay, then yellowish, peeling off in darker fibrous scales; flesh white. AGARICINI. 117 Sect . 3. Rimosi — pileus cracked. 326. Agaricus (Hebeloma) fibarosus. Sow . “ Fibrous Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, thin, obtusely campanulate, silky, even, at length cracked ; margin flexuous, broken ; stem long, solid, striate, squa- moso-flocculose above ; gills free, crowded, linear-lanceolate, dirty-white. — Sow. t. 414. Berk. Outl. p. 155. Eng.Fl.v.p. 95. In fir woods. July — Sept. Pileus 3 in. broad, fleshy, especially in the disc, campanulate, irregular, longitudinally rimose, silky, dingy ; gills semi-lanceolate, 2-3 lines broad, pallid. Stem 2 in. or more high, 3 lines thick, equal, striate, dirty-white, odour nauseous. Fries. Spores '0004 X *00025 in. 327. Agaricus (Hebeloma) fastigiatus. Fr. “Peaked Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, thin, conico-campanulate, longitudinally fibrous, and cracked ; stem solid, stout, twisted, fibrously-silky ; gills free, crowded, yellow, then brownish-olive (spores rough.) — Fr. Epicr.p. 174. Berk. Outl . t. 8,/. 4. Sterb. t. 22. d. e. In woods. Rare. Yellow-brown. Stem 3-4 in. long, but variable in stature, attenuated up- wards. Spores rough, with little nodules. 328. Agaricus (Hebeloma) Curreyi. Berk. “ Currey’s Hebeloma.” Pileus convex, expanded, longitudinally fibrous, slightly cracked, not umbonate; stem straight, attenuated upwards, finely fibrillose; gills yellowish, then brownish-olive, free ; spores perfectly even. — Berk. Outl. p. 155. In woods. Aug. Closely resembling A. fastigiatus, but by no means umbonate. The stem is dark, and the spores, which are subcynibiform, perfectly even.— M. J. B. 329. Agaricus (Hebeloma) euthelus. B. fy Br. “Fir-leaf Hebeloma.” Pileus expanded, strongly umbonate, undulating, fawn-coloured, shining, silky, subsquamulose ; stem nearly equal, pallid, striate, solid, fibrous ; gills pallid, margin white, toothed, adnate. — Ann. Nat. Hist. 1865, no. 1004, pi. xiii .jig. 2. On the ground amongst fir leaves. Aug. Aboyne, Aber- deenshire. Smell farinaceous, rather disagreeable. Spores even, sub-elliptic, *00029 in. long. It differs from A. fastigiatus in the adnate gills, smooth, notrough, spores ; and from A. Gurreyi , with which it agrees as to the spores, in its strongly umbonate pileus, nearly equal stem, and adnate gills.— B. & Br . 118 AGARICINI. 330. Agaricus (Hebeloma) rimosus. Bull . “Cracked Hebeloma.” Plleus fleshy, thin, campanulate, silky, fibrous, expanded longi- tudinally, cracked ; stem solid, firm, nearly smooth, bulbous, whitish mealy above ; gills free, subventricose, brownish clay- coloured. — Fr. Epicr . p. 174. Eng. FI. v.p. 97. Bull . t. 388. Berk. Outl. t. 8,/. 5. Sow. t. 323. Grev. t. 128. Batsch.f. 107. Krornbh. t. 44,/. 10-12. Jungh. t . 6,/. 6, var. Gard. Chron. (1861), V ■ Woods and waste places. June — Sept. [United States.] Subgregarious. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, shining, satiny, with adpressed fib- rillse, brown-yellow, at first campanulate, then nearly plane and umbonate, cracked in a radiate manner, the inner substance appearing through the cracks of a yellow hue, sometimes the cuticle cracks concentrically, and the lower edge of the cracked portions is reflected so as to present a squarrose appearance ; gills ventricose, adnexed, at first mealy white, the margin opaque, then olivaceous, with the margin white and crenate. Stem l|-2^ in. high, distinct from the pileus, sub-bulbous, nearly white, fibrillose at the base, clothed above with wdiite mealy scales. — M.J.B. Spores *0004 X *00028 in. 331. Agaricus (Hebeloma) auricomus. Batsch. “Golden-haired Hebeloma.” Small, thin ; pileus yellowish, margin striate, stem fistulose ; gills fixed, ventricose, whitish, then brown. — Fr. Epicr. p. 17 5. Batsch.f. 21. Berk. Outl.p. 155. In woods. [Cincinnati.] Included by Fries as a variety of Ag. descissus. Pileus much cracked. 332. Agaricus (Hebeloma) trechisporus. Berk. “ Rough- spored Hebeloma.” Pileus submembranaceous, convex, strongly umbonate, at first viscid, but soon dry and silky; stem slightly striate and mealy; gills ventricose, emarginate, scarcely adnate, pinkish-grey ; spores rough. — Berk. Outl.p. 156, t. 8,/. 6. Ann. N.H. no. 71. In woods, amongst fern. August. Pileus 1 in. broad, convex, strongly umbonate ; margin thin, viscid, but soon dry and satiny ; umbo tawny, margin paler, with a slight livid tinge ; gills ventricose, emarginate, pinkish grey, extreme margin denticulate. Spores bistre-brown, subreniform, covered with granules. Stem 2 in, high, 2 lines thick, white, slightly striate under a lens, and farinulent, nearly equal, except at the base, the outer coat of which is cottony. — M.J.B. AGARICINI. 119 333. Agaricus (Hebeloma) hiulcus. Fr. “Red-flesh Hebeloma.” Pilens somewhat fleshy, conical, expanded, umbonate, fibrillose, rimoso-squamose ; stem stuffed, rigid, elongated, silky -fibrillose, pruinose above, as well as the flesh, pale flesh-coloured ; gills nearly free, scarcely crowded, broad, whitish flesh-colour, darker at the base, at length olivaceous. — Fr. Ep.p. 175. Batt. 1. 18, c. B. $ Br . Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1118. In woods. Sept. Fineshade. Allied to A. rimosus , but the flesh turns everywhere reddish, when cut or bruised. Stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, closely fibrillose. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, closely fibrillose and scaly, cracked, brown or olive. 334. Agaricus (Hebeloma) lucifugus. Fr. “ Strong-scented Hebeloma.” Pileus rather fleshy, convexo-plane, sub-umbonate, clad with adpressed fibrils or scales. Stem solid, firm, equal, smooth, sub- pruinose above; gills nearly free, crowded, plane, from yellowish- white changing to olive. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 177. Pers. 1c. Piet. 1. 15, f. 2. Jungh. t. 6, /. 4. Ann. N.H. no. 7 92. On the ground in woods. Sept. Pileus about an inch across, brownish, or olive. Stem 1^ in. long, 2 lines thick. Odour strong. 335. Agaricus (Hebeloma) sindonius. Fr. “ Delicate Hebeloma.” Pileus fleshy, thin, conical, then convex, gibbous, obtuse, velvety- villose, veil sub-appendiculate ; stem with a distinct medulla, at length hollow and smooth ; gills attenuated, adnexed, lanceolate, whitish, then brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 176. Sow. t. 365. Batt. t. 18 , B. In moist, shady places. Pare. Pileus at length smooth, dirty white, becoming yellowish. Stem 2-3 in. long, white. 336. Agaricus (Hebeloma) geophyllus. Sow % “ Wood Hebeloma.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, even, silky-fibrillose ; stem stuffed, equal, rather firm, white; veil fibrillose ; gills adnexed, crowded, white, dingy, then earth- coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 176. Sow. 1 . 124. Pers.Ic. 1 . 14,/. 2. Ic. $ Des. 1. 1,/. 0. Eng. FI. v.p. 98. Bull. t. 522, f. 2. FI. Boruss. t. 388. 120 AGARICINI. On the ground in woods. Common. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 1 in. broad, umbonate, at length sub-inverted, white, lilac, brownish, yellowish, &c., satiny, often rimose. Gills adnate or adnexed, ventricose, earthy, not cinnamon, margin white, sub-dentate. Stem 1-3 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, flexuous, equal, or sub-bulbous, firm, very minutely farinaceous above, solid, less compact within. Odour strong and disagreeable. — M.J.B . 337. Agaricus (Hebeloma) vatricosus. Fr. “Little Hebeloma.” Pileus rather fleshy, cony exo-plane, subumbonate, smooth, vis- cid, silky about the margin ; stem fistulose, contorted, pulveru- lent ; gills emarginate; ventricose, whitish, becoming brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 177. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 1005. On dead stumps. Sept. Bodelwyddan, Flintshire. Before the veil is ruptured it looks like a smooth Lepiota . — B. & Br. Small, scarcely exceeding half an inch broad, viscid when young and moist, shining when dry, obsoletely silky at the margin. Inodorous. Sub-Gen. 21. Flammula, Fr. S. M. i. p. 250. Spores in most species purely ferruginous, occasionally ap- proaching yellow ochre, always bright in colour ; veil filamentous, often obsolete ; pileus fleshy, and, as the sub-genus is at present constituted, very variable. It may be, — 1, covered with an in- separable fib rillose cuticle; 2, covered with a more or less viscid and separable cuticle ; 3, pileus moist, and with no separable cuticle ; 4, pileus neither pelliculose nor viscid, and broken up more or less into scale or fibrils ; stem fleshy, fibrous, confluent, and homogeneous with the hymenophore ; gills adnate, acutely adnate, or decurrent. Hab. On the ground or on wood. — (PZ. IV. fig. 21.) Fries says the natural affinity of Flammula is with Pholiota , but I consider all true Flammula should correspond with Clitocyle and Clitopilus. I suspect some of the species of Flammula that approach Pholiota in structure might with propriety be removed to that sub-genus, and Flammula proper be re- stricted to species with decurrent gills. Most of the species are tasteless or bitter, and none edible. They appear in late autumn or early winter. Some species of Paxillus may be mistaken for Flammula , but attention must be paid to the persistent gills, separating from the hymenophore and other characters in Paxillus. — W. G. S. Sect. 1. Heterogenei — variable. 333. Agaxicus (Flammula) helomorphus. Seer. “White Flammula.” White; pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous, unequal, viscid, when dry silky, becoming even ; margin naked ; stem solid, AGARICIN1 121 unequal, curved, even, nearly smooth; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, white, then tan coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p . 184. Seer. No. 837. In pine woods. (A. Jerdon.) Stem about an ineb long, 2-3 lines thick, rather attenuated downwards, above slightly silky. Pileus about 1 in. broad, sub-angular; gills 1 line broad. — Fries. Spores very small, *0001 X *00014 in. 339. Agaricus (Flammula) scambus. Fr. “ Bow-legged Flammula.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, then slightly de- pressed and floccoso-villose, viscid in moist weather; stem rather stuffed, short, incurved, flocculose, and veiled, white, attenuated below ; gills subdecurrent, yellowish clay-coloured. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 184. Berk. Outl.p. 157. On larch. Small, white, pileus scarcely exceeding an inch broad, at length dingy and clay-coloured, stem becoming somewhat ferruginous . 340. Agaricus (Flammula) floccifer. B. and Br. “ Floccose Flammula.” Caespitose, subcarnose ; pileus convex, tawny, sprinkled with white fibrils ; stem attenuated downwards, white, with silky scales, fistulose, umber within ; gills rather broad, adnate, fer- ruginous. — B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 909. t. 14,/. 1. On stumps of lime. Oct. Colleyweston. Caespitose ; pileus 2 inches across, convex, expanded, tawny, somewhat zoned in drying, sprinkled with white fibrils, rather fleshy ; flesh tawny at the edge and beneath the cuticle, elsewhere white ; stem 1^ in. high, £ in. thick, attenuated downwards, furfuraceous within the pileus, white, with silky scales, hollow, umber within ; gills moderately broad, rounded behind, adnate, scarcely ventricose, wrinkled transversely, ferruginous, edge white, spores ferruginous ; ring none. The habit is that of A.velutinus. Sect. 2. Lubrici — viscid. 341. Agaricus (Flammula) lentus. Pers. “Dusky Flammula.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, even, viscid ; stem rather stuffed, long, equal, squamose ; gills adnate, whitish, then clay-coloured. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 184. Eng. FI.y. p. 95. On stumps. [S. Carolina.] Gregarious, subcaespitose ; pileus 2-3 in. broad, plane, obtuse, very glutinous in wet weather, varying, with a yellowish, or pallid-livid (dirty- white; hue ; stem 2-3 in. high, at length hollow. — Fries . G 122 AGARICINI. 342. Agaricus (Flammula) gummosus. Lasch. “Viscid Flammula.” Pileus fleshy, plane, floccoso-squamulose, then even, viscid ; stem stuffed, silky, fibrillose, red brown at the base ; gills adnate, crowded, yellow, then cinnamon. — Lasch. Linn. (1827 ), no. 325. Fr . Fpicr. p . 185. B. Br . Ann. N. H. (1866), no. 1119. Tratt . Aust. f. 38. On old stumps. Dec. Cambridge. Pileus conical, then depressed, whitish, then olivaceous or greenish yellow, margin pallid, 1-2 in. broad. Flesh yellowish. 343. Agaricus (Flammula) spumosus. Fr. “ Sulphury Flammula.” Pileus fleshy, thin, even, viscid; stem hollow, equal, slender, fibrillose, yellowish, then discoloured ; gills adnate, yellow, at length ferruginous. — Fr. Fpicr. p. 185. S. M. i. p. 252. In woods. Epping Forest. [United States.] Gregarious, yellow, flesh greenish -yellow ; stem attenuated at the base, at length darker, slender, 2-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, obsoletely fibrillose ; pileus rather fleshy, subumbonate, becoming plane, about 2 in. broad, disc darker. — Fries. Spores *00023 X ‘00015 in. 344. Agaricus (Flammula) carbonarius. Fr. “Viscid Charcoal Flammula.” Pileus fleshy, becoming plane, then even, viscid ; stem narrowly fistulose, slender, rigid, squamulose, pallid ; gills adnate, clay-coloured brown. — Fr. Ep. p. 186. B. fy Br.Ann. N. H. (1866), no. 1120. Seem. Jour. 1868. t. 75,/. 5-8. Cooke exs. no. 401. On charcoal and burnt earth. Nov. Dec, Ascot. Epping. This species, remarkable for its viscid pileus, squamulose stem, and adnate clay-coloured gills, occurred in great quantities as above. It is a very late species ; gregarious, tough, 1 in. or more high ; pileus rather tawny, flesh yellow; spores ferruginous, with an apiculus at one end. Sect. 3. Udi — moist. 345. Agaxicus (Flammula) flavidus. Schceff. “Yellow Flammula.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, equal, smooth, moist; stem somewhat hollow, fibrillose, yellow, then ferruginous ; gills ad- nate, yellow, then ferruginous. — Fr. Fpicr. p. 187. Schceff. t. 35. Tratt. Austr.f. 14 ? Eng. FI. Y.p. 94. Ann. N.LI. no. 330, 792*. AGARICINI. 123 On trunks of firs, lime, &c. Oct. [S. Carolina.] Very various in size ; pileus obtuse, 1-2 in. or more broad, never viscid, when moist dirty yellow ; gills obtusely adnate ; veil web-like, sometimes forming a ring. Stem stuffed, sometimes hollow, ferruginous at the base, sometimes attenuated. — Fries. 346. Agaricus (Flammula) inop as. Fr . “Bolton’s Flam- mula.” Pileus fleshy, thin, cony exo -plane, moist, smooth; stemfistu- lose, thin, flexuose, with adpressed fibrils, at length brick-red below ; gills adnate, crowded, linear, pallid yellowish, white.— Fr. Fpicr.p. 187. Bolt . 1. 148. Batt. t. 22. C. Eng. FI. y. p. 95. On pine trunks. Introduced on the authority of Fries’ quotation of Bolton’s figure. Pileus |-2 in. broad ; veil fugacious; stem 3 in. high, ^ in. thick. — Eng. FI. Sect. 4. Sapinei— growing on firs. 347. Agaaricus (Flammula) hybridus. Fr. “ Hybrid Flammula.” Pileus fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, even, moist; stem stuffed, soft, attenuated upwards, tawny, with a whitish veil, which forms a ring; gills adnate, rather crowded, pale yellow, then tawny. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 189. On fir stumps. Gopsall. Pileus regular, disc compact, at first tawny cinnamon, then brownish orange ; flesh pallid. 348. Agaricus (Flammula) decipiens. Smith . “Charcoal Flammula.” Casspitose; pileus conyex, fleshy, minutely squamulose, dry, rich brown, becoming pallid ; umbo almost white, stem often swollen, twisted, striate, attenuated downwards, rich tawny ; gills crowded, moderately broad, decurrent, luminous brown, flesh within golden yellow, bright brown at base ; spores bright tawny, ring none. — Seem. Journ. 1869, p. 249, t. 95, f. 5-8. On burnt earth, charcoal, &c. June. Epping. Pileus 1 in. across. Stem 2 in. high. Inclined to be fasciculate; mixed in growth with A. ( Flammula) carbonarius. Fr. Though at a first glance it resembles the latter species, it differs greatly in the attachment of the gills, which are adnate in A. carbonarius , but truly decurrent in A. decipiens. Spores oval, or with an apiculus at one end, *0003 X '00017 in. — W> G. S. G 2 124 AGARICINI. 349. Agaricus (Flammula) sapineus. Fr. “ Bright-spored Flammula.” Pileus compact, convexo-plane, very obtuse, finely floccoso- squamulose, then cracked ; stem rather stuffed, thick, sulcate, rooting, yellowish, without a ring ; gills adnate, broad, golden yellow, then tawny cinnamon. — Sys. Myc. i. p. 239. Eng . FI. v. p. 95. B. Br.Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1006. Pers. Ic. Descr. t. 4, f. 7. Trans. Woolhope Club , 1868, p. 246. On fallen branches of Scotch fir, and chips and sawdust about a saw-pit. Aboyne. Aug. On charcoal heaps in woods, round th e W rekin . [ Cincinn ati . ] This species is extremeJy variable, especially as to the breadth and mode of attachment of the gills. It is remarkable for the bright colour of the spores. — B. & Br. Subcsespitose ; stem usually short, solid, or hollow, often compressed, lacunose, &c. Pileus 1-4 in. broad, disc subopaque, margin paler, shining. Vestiges of the yellow veil scarcely manifest. Odour strong. Spores *00032 X *0002 in. (PI. IV. J. 21.) 350. Agaricus (Flammula) picreus. Fr. “ Delicate Flam- mula.” Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, even, smooth ; stem fistulose, thin, almost umber, attenuated upwards, without a veil, at first pulverulent ; gills adnate, subseceding, crowded, narrow, yellow, then ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr . p. 190. Pers.Ic. Descr. t. 4,/. 7. Fr. Mon. Hym. i. p. 362. On old deal boards and pine stumps. — W. G . S. Csespitose, delicate. Stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lin. thick, slightly attenuated upwards, straight, when young pulverulent, umber. Pileus obtuse, regular, 1 in. broad, when young rufous or brownish cinnamon, when older becoming paler and tawny. Gills scarcely 1 line broad, normally adnate. Spores •00023 X *00015 in. 351. Agaricus (Flammula) filiceus. Cooke. “Fern-stem Flammula.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, minutely squamuloso-fibrillose ; stem stuffed, equal, slender ; veil adhering to the stem and mar- gin of pileus in reddish fugacious threads ; gills crowded, adnate, sulphur yellow, at length tawny cinnamon. — Seem. Journ. ( 1863 ) p. 66, t. 3,/. 1. On old tree-fern stems. Pileus 1-2 in., obtusely convex, at length plane, golden yellow, minutely flocculoso-squamulose. Stem 1^-2^ in . high, yellowish, dark at the base; often tufted, sometimes solitary. Spores *0003 X *0002 in. AGARICINI. 125 This species was first discovered in a conservatory at Highgate, on old tree-fern stems, originally from New Zealand. It has since been found by Mr. W. G. Smith, and is therefore included here as having equal claim with some other species to find a place in the British Mora. Sub-Gen . 22. Crepidotus. Fr. S. M. i. p. 272, in part. Spores dark, or yellowish brown ; veil none ; pileus excentric, dimidiate, or resnpinate ; flesh soft ; stem lateral, or wanting ; when present, confluent with and homogeneous with the hyrneno- phore. Hab. Most of the species grow on wood, a few on moss.— {Pl.IV.J. 22.) The species are very irregular and variable. They mostly appear late in the autumn, and none are known to be edible. The pink-spored species, in- cluded by Fries in this sub-genus, are removed to Smith’s new sub-genus Claudopus . Sect . 1. Eudermini. 352. Agaiicu 3 (Crepidotus) alveolus. Lasch. “ Ochrey Crepidotus.” Pileus fleshy, soft, lateral, obovate, then repand, opaque, con- tracted, and tomentose-villous behind ; gills determinate, crowded, broad, clay-brown. — Fr . Epicr.p. 210. Pers . M.E. t. 24,/. 3. Ann. N.H. no. 685. On old stumps. Aug. Sept. Northamptonshire. Closely allied to A . mollis , but not at all gelatinous. Spores *0003 in. long. Pileus 2 in. and more broad, ochraceous brown, then olive at the margin, when dry becoming paler. 353. Agaricus (Crepidotus) mollis. Schceff. “Soft Crepidotus.” Pileus between subgelatinous and fleshy, flaccid, even, smooth , becoming pale; stem obsolete; gills crowded, linear, from whitish to watery cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p. 210. Schceff. t. 213. Sow. t. 98. Batsch.f. 38. Berk. Oatl. t. 9,/. 6. Hass. i. t. 74. Eng. FI. j.p„ 102. Letell. t. 688. Price, f. 25. Berk. exs. no. 18. On old stumps. July — Oct. Common. [United States.] Solitary or imbricated. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, at first horizontal, sub- gelatinous, the base tomentose, or substrigose, margin transparent, minutely tomentose, then ascending, subful vous, pallid when dry, margin waved, some- times minutely squamulose, often stained with the elliptic ferruginous spores. Gills rounded behind, watery-umber, at first saturated with moisture, then dry and crisp. — M.J.B. Spores dark umber, *00035 X *00022 in. (PI. IV., fig. 22/ 126 AGAEICINI. 354. Agaricus (C repidotus) haustellaris . Fr. “Kidney- shaped Crepidotus.” Pileus rather fleshy, reniform, even, slightly villous ; stem lateral, attenuated upwards, villous, white ; gills rounded, nearly free, brownish cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p. 211. Berlc . Outl. p. 164. Batsch. f. 121. On dead trunks. Bare. Not observed since the time of Withering ; gregarious, csespitose, or imbri- cated. Stem distinct, attenuated upwards, 2-4 lines long, 1 line and more thick, at first ascending, then horizontal. Pileus lateral, kidney-shaped, £-1 in. broad, pale red tan-colour, becoming pale. Flesh watery, pale yellowish. 355. Agaricus (Crepidotus) Rubi. Berk . “Bramble Crepidotus.” Pileus fleshy, clothed with very minute crystalline meal ; stem short, incurved, solid, strigose at the base ; gills adnato-decur- rent, greyish, then umber, slightly ventricosq*. — Berk. Outl.p. 164, t. 9,/. 7. Eng.Fl.v.p. 102. On dead bramble, &c. Aug. Rare. Pileus J in. or more broad, at first regular, with a short stem, gradually becoming excentric, and resupinate, of a yellowish, or livid-grey hue, pallid when old ; gills rather distant, at first greyish, then umber, edge pulverulent. Stem very short, at first straight, then incurved, solid, externally mealy, ad- hering by a little fine down. — M. J. B. 356. Agaricus (Crepidotus) chimonophilus. B. Br. “ Downy Crepidotus.” White. Pileus convex, rather thick, villous ; stem very short, or obsolete; gills distant, attenuated behind. — Berk. Outl.p . 164. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 687. On small dead branches of Pyrus torminalis. Benefield, Norths. Pure white. Pileus 1 in. across, convex, clothed with villous down, mar- gin inflexed. Stem extremely short or obsolete. Gills few, distant. Spores very pale, yellow-brown, oblongo-elliptic, with a distinct lateral nucleus.— M.J.B. 357. Agaricus (Crepidotus) pezizoides. Fees. “ Pezizasform Crepidotus.” Pileus sessile, thin, cup-shaped, then reflexed, mealy, sub- tomentose ; gills meeting in the centre, somewhat distant, oliva- ceous-brown, then tawny. — Fr. Epicr. p. 212. Nees. A.N . Cur. ix. t. 6,/. 18. Eng. FI. v. p. 108. On rotten branches. Rare. AGARICINI. 127 Gregarious, fleshy, subgelatinous, 1 line high and broad, fixed at the base by very delicate white fibres ; gills about 12, thick, ventricose. — Fries. Gills white to stone-colour, margin sub-crenate, white, and somewhat cottony in young specimens. — Purton . Sub-Gen . 23. Naucoria. Fr. S. M., i. p. 260. Spores various shades of brown, dull or bright; veil absent, or attached to the edge of the pileus, in young plants in the form of minute flakes ; pileus convex and indexed, smooth, flocculent or squamulose ; stem cartilaginous, confluent with but hetero- geneous from the hymenophore. Hab. Terrestrial or epiphytal. (Pl.IV.^f. 23.) No subgenus includes so many dissimilar species as this. In size, struc- ture, the nature of the veil, and the colour of the spores, they differ exceed- ingly. Naucoria corresponds with Collybia , Leptonia , and Psilocybe . — W.G. S, Sect. 1. Gymnoti — naked, spores rusty. 358. Agaricus (Naucoria) cucumis. P. “ Cucumber Naucoria.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, broadly campanulate, smooth, growing pale; stem thin, firm, smooth, dark-brown, thickened at the apex, hollow, sub-pruinose ; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, pallid, saffron-yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 193. Sow. t. 344. Eng. FI. Y.p. 99. Amongst sawdust. Pileus 1-1^ in. broad, even, smooth, when moist bay-brown, with a pur- plish tinge, pale about the margin, when dry fawn-coloured or tan j gills very ventricose, close, distinct, dirty white, with somewhat of a saffron tint. Stem l§-2 in. high, 1-1£ line thick, attenuated downwards, firm, smooth, hollow, pale at the apex. Odour exactly that of fresh cucumber.— Fries. 359. Agaricus (Naucoria) centunculus. Fr. “Lurid Naucoria.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, lurid-greenish, then yellowish, turning pale ; stem fistulose, with whitish down at the base, pulverulent above ; gills adnate, then seceding, thick, broad, cinereous yellow, as well as the stem. — Fr. Epicr.p. 193. Ann. N.H. no. 72. On rotten wood. Oct. Eare. Gregarious. Pileus 3-10 lines broad, olivaceous brown, becoming pale, even or slightly striate ; gills emarginate or free, sometimes crowded, some- times somewhat distant, crisped when old, the edge denticulate with greenish- yellow flocci. 128 AGARICINI. 360. Agaricus (Naucoria) horizontalis. Bull. “Horizontal Naucoria.” Pilens somewhat fleshy, plano-convex, obtuse, even, smooth ; stem solid, very short, incurved, naked ; gills rounded behind, free, broad, plane. The whole plant of a watery cinnamon colour. — Fr . Epicr.p. 194. Bull. t. 324. Ann. N.H. no. 331. On elm trunks. Eare. Pileus ^ in. broad, gills adnexed or nearly free ; stem | in. long, 1 line thick. 361. Agaricus (Naucoria) melinoides. Fr. “Tawny Naucoria.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo -plane, obtuse, umbonate, even, smooth, moist ; stem hollow, slightly-thickened, pruinose above, base white ; gills adnate, triangular, toothed, honey-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 195. Berk. Outl. t. 9 ,/. 3. Bull. t. 560,/. 1. Krombh. t. 3,/. 14. Eng. FI. v.p. 100. On lawns. Oct. Common. Pileus 2 lines to 1 in. broad, submembranaceous, umbor^e, when moist tawny, margin pellucid, ocbraceous or whitish when dry ; gill* very variable, adnexed, or broadly adnate, ventricose, at first paler than the pileus, at length cinnamon. Stem 1-2 in. high, scarce 1 line thick, fistulose, fibrillose above, subpruinose, thickened below and downy, changing colour. The gills remain bright. — M. J. B. 362. Agaricus (Naucoria) nuceus. Bolt. “Nut-like Naucoria.” Pileus submembranaceous, globoso-campanulate, umbilicate, punctulate ; margin incurved, somewhat lobed; stem fistulose, slender, silky-fibrillose, white ; gills attenuated, adnate, ascend- ing, slightly lobed, cinnamon, — Fr. Epicr.p. 194. Bolt. t. 70. On the ground amongst firs. Slender, but tough. Stem 2-3 in. Pileus ^-1 in., pale chestnut colour ; gills semi-circular, not sinuate, 3-4 lines broad. Spores, with an apiculus at one or both ends, *00045 X *00025 in. 363. Agaricus (Naucoria) sideroides. Bull. “Stellate Naucoria.” Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, smooth, slightly viscid ; stem stuffed, attenuated, even, pallid ; gills with a decurrent tooth, uncinate, fixed, narrow, crowded, pallid, ochraceous, then cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p. 196. Bull.t. 588. B4 Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1007. AGARICim. 129 On the trunk of an ash tree. Nov. Apethorpe. Probably common. Much thicker than A. hypnorum , which it somewhat resembles. — B. & Br. Pileus ochraceous and shining when dry, margin at first incurved, then striate, about £ in. high and broad, when expanded 1 in. broad. Stem 3 in. long, pallid yellowish, at length becoming ferruginous. Sect . 2. Phceoti — spores brown. 364. Agaricus (Naucoria) vervacti. Fr. “ Meadow Naucoria.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, umbonate, even, smooth, viscid; shining when dry ; stem stuffed, then hollow, attenuated, smooth, rigid, rootless, whitish ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, then ventricose, pallid, then ferruginous-brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 197. Batt . t. 13, F. Batsch. f. 108 (?) Ann. N.H. no. 273. In meadows, gardens, &c. Bromley. Stem short, about 1 in., rather thick. Pileus yellow, slightly viscid, soft, obtuse. Flesh white. 365. Agaricus (Naucoria) pediades. Fr. “Tan-coloured Naucoria.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse or depressed, dry, at length opaque ; stem medullate, rather flexuous, slightly silky, yellowish, base somewhat bulbous ; gills adnexed, broad, subdistant, brownish, then dirty cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 197. Paul. 1. 106, /. 2, 3. Schceff. t. 203. Ann. N. H. no. 683. Letell. t. 675. In pastures. Nov. Cranford. Middlesex. Stature variable, stem usually elongated ; pileus about an inch broad, ochraceous, then tan-coloured. 366. Agaricus (Naucoria) semiorhicularis. Bull, “Half- round Naucoria/ ’ Pileus rather fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, even, smooth, rather viscid, at length rivulose ; stem slender, tough, almost straight, pallid, ferruginous, shining, with a separable pith ; gills adnate, very broad, crowded, pallid, then ferruginous. —Fr. Epicr.p. 197. Bull. t. 422. Berk. Outl. t. 9,/. 4. Ann. N. H. no. 274. On lawns and pastures. Common. Stem cartilaginous, tough, 3-4 in. long, scarcely exceeding 1 line thick, at length pale, ferruginous, darker at the base ; pileus 1-2 in. broad, tawny, ferruginous, then ochrey j spores *0005 X ’00032 in. (PI. IV.,f. 23 .) G 5 130 AGARICINI. 367. Agaxicus (Naucoria) sobrius. Fr. “ Sober Naucoria.” Pilens somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, slightly viscid, sub- silky, disc darker, veil pruinose, fugacious; stem nearly fistulose, brownish at the base, clad with white flocci ; gills adnate, crowded, broad, pallid, saffron yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 200. Ann. N. H. no. 912. On the ground. Sept. King’s Cliffe. Pileus about an inch broad, yellowish, the edge of the gills becoming whitish ; stem 1^- in. long, 1 line thick, pallid above, ferruginous brown below, here and there with whitish silky spots. 368. Agaricus (Naucoria) escharoides. Fr. “ Campanu- late Naucoria.” Pileus rather fleshy, conico-convex, then expanded, obtuse, squamuloso-furfuraceous, becoming pallid ; stem fistulose, flexuous, with adpressed fibrils, at length smooth and pallid ; gills fixed, lax, ventricose, pallid, clay-colour or cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 201. B. $ Br. Ann. N. H. (1866), no. 1122. Schceff. t. 226. On bare ground. Aug. Apethorpe. Pileus campanulate, obtuse, slightly fleshy, umbonate or umbilicate, sometimes plane, hygrophanous, innato-squamulose, often venulose, tawny, at length pallid ; veil white, evanescent ; stem flexuous, nearly equal, clothed with white fibrils, pale, ringless, fistulose ; gills broad, bright cinnamon, distant, fixed, acute behind, at length seceding ; spores *0006 X *00065 in, long, of a pure ochre, not peroxidate, brittle. — B. Br. 363. Agaricus (Naucoria) conspersus. P. “Sprinkled Naucoria.” Pileus rather fleshy, convexo -plane, obtuse, nearly even, at length mealy, and broken up into scales, hygrophanous ; stem fibrillose, brownish cinnamon; gills adnate, rather receding, crowded, cinnamon colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 201. Pers.Ic . fyDesc. t. 12, f. 3. Krombh. t. 3,/. 12. Ann. N. H. no. 911. In woods and moist places. Sept. Colleyweston. Gregarious ; pileus cinnamon-bay, ochrey when dry, ^-1 in. broad ; gills linear or ventricose ; stem 1-2 in. long, 1 line thick, fibrillose, cinnamon, mealy above. 370. Agaricus (Naucoria) earinaceus. Fr. 11 Hedgehog Naucoria.” Pileus rather fleshy, convex, subumbilicate, squamose with fasciculate hairs ; stem slender, fistulose, short, incurved, hairy ; gills adnate, rather crowded, quite entire. — Fr. Epicr.p . 201. Sow . t. 417. Batt. t. 28,f.K. Eng. FI. v.p. 98. AGARICINI. 131 On dead sticks. Bare. Small, solitary, persistent ; stem slightly fistulose, adnate, on the epider- mis of branches, by a dilated base, clothed with white pubescence, incurved, equal, about 4 lines high, scarce 1 line thick, umber-ferruginous ; pileus subcarnose, disc umbilicate, ^ in. broad, scaly with very dense fasciculate locks, umber-ferruginous, margin at first involute ; gills rather broad, not close, adnate. — Fries . 371. Agaricus (Naucoria) siparius. Fr. “Veiled Naucoria.” Pilens rather fleshy, plane, obtuse ; stem stuffed, pruinose above, clothed, as well as the pileus, with downy scales ; gills adnate, broad, rather distant, floccose at the edge. — Fr . Epicr . p. 201. Chev. t. 6, /. 9. Ann. N. H. no. 684. On soil, fern stems, &c. Resembling A. erinaceus , but softer, and not so bright in colour, brownish rust-colour ; stem f-1 in. long ; pileus 3-5 lin. broad, densely villoso- squamulose. 372. Agaricus (Naucoria) carpophilus. Fr. “Beech-mast Naucoria.” Pileus submembranaceous, convex, obtuse, mealy with shin- ing atoms (not pilose, rarely squamulose) ; stem somewhat stuffed, short, slender, mealy, then naked, pallid ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, nearly free, broad, rather distant, crenulate, ochraceous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 202. Ann. N.H.no. 910. On the pericarps and leaves of beech. Sept. Colleyweston. Small, pallid when dry ; pileus 2-3 lines broad, hygrophanous, shining, with mealy atoms, tan-coloured when moist. Stem scarcely 1 in. long, fili- form, pallid, at first mealy, then naked. Sub-Gen . 24. Galera. Fr. S. M. i. p. 264. Spores ochraceo-ferruginous ; veil often wanting, when pre- sent fibrous and fugacious ; pileus more or less campanulate, margin straight, at first adpressed to the stem ; stem cartilagi- nous, fistulose, confluent with but heterogeneous from the hymenophore ; gills adnate, or with a decurrent tooth (exactly as in Mycena). Hab. The greater number of species are terrestrial. (Pl.IV.J. 24.) The species are not numerous, and most are slender and brittle, appearing in the autumn. Galera corresponds with Mycena , Nolanea , Fsathyra , and Psathyrella.— W.G.S. 132 AGARIC1NI, Sect. 1. Pluteotropv — viscid. 373. Agaricus (Galera) reticulatus. P. “ Reticulated Galera. ” Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, rugoso- reticulate, viscid; margin striate ; stem fragile, fibrillose, white ; gills free, ventricose, crowded, saffron yellow, to ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 203. Pers. Ic . Peso. t. 4 ./. 4-6. BerJc . Outl . t . 9 , /. 5. Ann. N.H. no. 70. On dead wood. Rare. In the young state the pileus is of a delicate bistre, and it is only in age that it assumes a violet tinge, apparently from the colour of the spores being partly seen through the flesh. — M.J.B. Stem 2 in. long, white, slightly mealy above. Pileus 2 in. broad, at first viscid, and reticulated with anasto- mosing veins, becoming smooth with age. 374. Agaricus (Galera) aleuriatus. Fr. “Striate Galera.” Pileus submembranaceous, conico-convex, then plane, viscid, not wrinkled, striate ; stem slender, pulverulent, rather incurved, white ; gills free, ventricose, ochraceous saffron-colour. — Fr. Epicr.p. 203. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1123. On rotten sticks. Oct. Coed Coch. An extremely pretty species. Smaller and more delicate than A. reticu- latus. Pileus blue-grey, pallid, or roseate ; spores pale saffron yellow. Stem about 1 in. long. Pileus about 1 in. broad, striate, but not rugose. Sect . 2. Polytropi. 375. Agaricus (Galera) ovalis. Fr. “ Oval Galera.” Pileus submembranaceous, oval, or campanulate, even,hygro- phanous ; stem straight, equal, slightly striate, nearly of the same colour ; gills almost free, ventricose, very broad, ferrugi- nous. — Berk. Outl. p. 163. Bull. t. 552./. 1. A. campanulatus. Fr. Epicr.p. 205. On dung. Rare. Pileus dusky-ferruginous, larger than A. tener. Gills at length somewhat liquescent. Stem about 3 in. long, straight, of the same colour as the pileus. Pileus about 1 in. high and broad, ferrugiuous when moist, yel- lowish when dry. Sect. 3. Teneri — slender. 376. Agaricus (Galera) lateritius. Fr. “Brick-red Galera.” Pileus submembranaceous, acorn-shaped, then conical, even, hygrophanous ; stem tall, fragile, straight, attenuated upwards, AGARICIN1. 133 frosted with white meal ; gills nearly free, linear, very narrow, tawny, ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 204. FI. Dan. t. 1846,/. 2. Batt . t. 28, T. In rich pastures. Rare. Stem white, 3 in. and more long ; pileus pinkish ochre, about 1 in. high ; when moist the margin is closely striate. 377. Agaricus (Galera) tener. Schcr ff. “ Slender Galera.” Pileus submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, obtuse, hy- grophanous ; stem straight, fragile, rather shining, nearly of the same colour ; gills adnate, crowded, ascending, rather broad, cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. ^9.204. Schceff. t. 70, /. 6-8. Sow. t. 33. Bull. t. 535. Bolt. t. 66, /. 2. Eng. FI. v.p. 100. Rich pastures, dungy ground, &c. Common. [United States.] Pileus 1 in. high and broad, subcarnose, campanulate, or conico-campanu- late, smooth, shining, ochraceous when dry; gills pale ferruginous, ascending, more or less adnate, ventricose, or sublinear, margin white, subserrulate ; stem 3-5 in. high, Inline thick, striate, pulverulento-fibrillose, not brittle, bulbous at the base. — M.J.B . Spores *00054 X ’0003 in. ( PI. IV., f. 24.) 378. Agaricus (Galera) antipus. Lasch. “ Little pale Galera.” Pileus campanulate, then convex, even, hygrophanous, when dry sprinkled with atoms, disc slightly fleshy ; stem straight, short, striate, mealy ; base bulbous, fusiform, rooting ; gills almost free, crowded, lanceolate, yellowish ochre. — Lasch. no. 401. Fr. Epicr. p. 205. Smith in Trans. Woolh. Cl. (1870). On mould in flower pots. Simple, slightly rigid ; stem 1 in., paler than the pileus. Pileus ^-1 in., not striate, when moist ochraceous, when dry paler, almost white. Spores and then the gills rubiginous. 379. Agaricus (Galera) confertus. Bolt. “ Crowded Galera.” Pileus submembranaceous, acutely conico-campanulate, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem slender, silky, shining, naked ; base equal, deeply rooting ; gills slightly adnexed, subdistant, white, then brownish-ochraceous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 206. Bolt. t. 18. In stoves. Rare. Densely crowded, very fragile ; pileus brown, ochraceous when dry, “ conical, terminating in an acute point, which point is tinged with yellowish brown, the rest white, the surface smooth, the substance light and cottony. In large specimens it is about 1 in. in diameter ; in decay it withers, and be- comes like soft paper.”— Bolton- 134 AGARICHSTI. 380. Agairicus (Galera) sparteus. Fr. “ Meadow Galera.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, convex, then expanded, obtuse, hygrophanous, dry, even, smooth ; stem slender, rigid, flexible, smooth; gills adnate, crowded, plane, cinnamon coloured. — Fr, Ep.p. 206. Bolt. t. 51,/. 1. Amongst moss in meadows. Eare. Pileus 5 lines broad, cinnamon, striate and pellucid when moist, when dry tan-coloured. Stem 1-2 in. long, polished, smooth, base darker, of abrightish brown. ▼ Sect . 4. Hypnophilce — amongst moss. 381. Agaricus (Galera) embolus. Fr. “ Heath Galera.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, radiato-striate, hygrophanous ; stem very smooth, shining, thickened upwards ; gills adnate, triangular, thick, very distant, cinnamon. — Fr . Epicr.p. 207. Amongst heath. When moist shining, reddish tawny, when dry ochraceous. Stem 2 in. long, yellow, manifestly thickened upwards, smooth, naked. Pileus ^ in. broad, hygrophanous. 382. Agaricus (Galera) hypnorum. Batsch. “Moss-loving Galera.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, subpapillate, smooth, striate, hygrophanous ; stem slender, flexuose, lax, of the same colour, apex pruinose ; gills adnate, rather distant, broad, lax, at length plane, cinnamon-yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 207. Batsch. f. 96. Sow. t. 282. Bull. t. 560,/. i. C.E. Eng . FI. v.p. 100. Amongst moss. Common. [United States.] Pileus 2-3 lines broad, conico-campanulate, of a beautiful tawny brown when moist, or sometimes reddish, the striate margin only when dry retain- ing its original hue, the rest pale, flesh thick in the centre, turning pale like the pileus. Gills ventricose, adnexed or adnate, tawny, rather broad. Stem 1 in. high, filiform, minutely fistulose, paler than the pileus, pruinose. — M. J. B. 383. Agairicus (Galera) sphagnorum. Pers. “ Bog-moss Galera.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, smooth, striate, yellow- ochraceous, disc broad ; stem long, slender, sub-fibrillose, tawny, gills adnate, subdistant, broad. — Pers. Syn.p. 385. Bull. t. 560, f. H. B. $ Br. Ann . N.H. 1865, no. 1008. AGARICINI. 135 On Sphagnum , on the borders of a pine wood. Aug. Aboyne. Twice or three- times larger than A. hypnorum , of which Fries considers it a variety. Sect . 5. Eriodermei — squamulose. 384. Agaxicus (Galexa) mycenopsis. Er. “White-scaled Galera.” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, disc even, slightly striate to the middle, about the margin at first whitish-silky, and veiled; stem much attenuated, whiti sh- silky ; ♦gills adnexed, seceding, ventricose, rather distant, whitish, then pale ochre. — Er. Epicr. p. 208. B. Br. Ann. N.H. 1866, no. 1124. In marshy ground amongst Sphagnum. Aug. — Oct. The specimens hitherto found belong to the variety mentioned by Fries, with adnate gills. Pileus with the margin clothed, with little white scales, the remains of the veil ; stem slightly furfuraceous above ; gills adnate, not merely fixed by a tooth. — B. & Br . 385. Agaxicus (Galexa) paludosus. Er. “ Swamp Galera.” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, then convex, acutely umbonate, hygrophanous, silky everywhere with persistent white hairs ; stem fistulose, twisted, encircled with the remains of the white veil ; gills adnate, plane, ovate, pale honey colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 209. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. 1866, no. 1125. In marshy ground, amongst Sphagnum. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Stem 1^-3 in. long, 1 line thick. Pileus % in., when moist brownish honey colour, when dry tan-coloured. Sub-Gen. 25. Tubaria. Smith. Seem. Journ ., 1870. Pileus generally depressed, at first with an incurved margin ; stem cartilaginous, hollow, confluent with but heterogeneous from the hymenophore ; gills decurrent. ( PI. IV., jig . 25.) _ As in Eccilia there are very few known representatives of this sub-genus, either British or Foreign. It is analogous with Omphalia , Eccilia, and Deconica.— W. G. S. 386. Agaxicus (Tubaxia) inquilinus. Er. “Little Tubaria.” Pileus submembranaceous, convexo-plane, smooth, slightly striate, hygrophanous, centre somewhat fleshy ; stem fistulose, short, tough, dark brown, attenuated downwards ; gills adnato- 136 AGARICINI. decurrent, triangular, convex, scarcely crowded, brownish fer- ruginous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 199. Eng. FI. v.p. 99. On chips in woods, gardens, &c. Pileus a few lines across (3-6.) Stem 1 in. or more high, minutely fistu- lose, dark umber, with white fibrillae and scales. — M.J.B. Analogous with A. ( Omphalic) sphagnicola . — TP.6r.yS 1 . 387. Agaricus (Tubaria) furfuraceus. P. “Mealy Tubaria.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, then depressed, moist, hygrophanous, at first clothed with silky evanescent scales, then naked ; stem fistulose, flocculose, rigid, pallid ; gills adnato-decurrent, rather distant, cinnamon coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 200. Bull . t. 593,/. 3. Batsch.f. 98. Eng. FI. v.p. 98. On chips, &c. Common. [Cincinnati.] Spores *00022 in. long. Pileus f-1 in. broad, subcarnose, at first convex, at length expanded, often umbilicate, rich umber, or cinnamon when moist; margin transparent, sprinkled, especially towards the margin, with white fibrillae, or little branny scales, when dry white or reddish-tan ; gills broad, subdecurrent, moderately distant, pale cinnamon. Stem 1-2 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, nearly equal, or slightly thickened at the base, flexuous, fistulose, fibrillose, or furfuraceous. — M.J.B. 388. Agaricus (Tubaria) autochthonus. B.fyBr. “ Ochrey- white Tubaria.” Pileus obtuse, hemispherical, ochrey-white, silky, margin floc- culose ; stem slender, flexuous, incrassated above and below, whitish, woolly ; gills horizontal, with a distinct adnate tooth, honey-coloured. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1121. On the naked soil. Woodnewton, Norths. Pileus 5 in. across; stem f in. high, not half a line thick in the centre. Spores paler than in A. furfuraceus, *00019 inch long. It does not become pallid in drying, like that species, butis of an ochraceous white from the first. — B. 6c Br. Series 4. Pratellse, Fr. Epicr. p. 212. — Spores various shades of brownish purple, dark purple, or intense brown. Sub-Gen. 26. Psalliota, Fr. Epicr. p. 212. Spores dark brownish-purple, dead brown, reddish-purple, pale slate, or pinkish ; veil universal, concrete with the cuticle AGARICHSTI. 137 of the pileus, and fixed to the stem, forming a ring ; pilens fleshy; stem distinct from the hymenophore, furnished with a ring ; gills free, and rounded behind, at first white, then pink, afterwards intense purple-brown. ( PI. V.,f. 26.) Hab. All the species are terrestrial, mostly growing in rich pastures and on manured ground. Most of the species appear in the autumn, and several are valued for their esculent properties. Psalliota corresponds with Lepiota . 389. Agazicus (Psalliota) arvensis. Schceff. “ Horse Mushroom. ” Pileus fleshy, conico-campanulate, then expanded, at first floc- coso-farinose, then nearly smooth, even, or cracked ; stem hollow, with a floccose pith ; ring pendulous, broad, double, the outer split in rays ; gills free, broader in front, dirty white, then red- dish-brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 213. Schceff. t. 310, 311. Paul, t . 134, /. 1-2. Smith, E.M.9. Hogg Johnst , t . 17. Vent. 1. 15,/. 1-2, Berk. Outl. 1. 10,/. 4. Huss. i. t. 76, 77. Badh. i. t. 6,/. 1. A a Georgii, Sow. t. 304. Eng. FI. Y.p. 105.. A. edulis , Krombh. t. 23, /. 11-14, t. 26, /. 9-13. Trait. essb. t. J. A.exquisitus , Vitt. Mang . t. 20. var. villaticus. Brond. Acquires a large size, and is very scaly. In meadows, often in rings. Esculent. Suffolk. Pileus 4-18 in. broad, white, stained with yellow, convex, very thick, firm and tough, quite smooth, or clothed with broad, tawny, more or less concen- tric, adpressed scales, flesh yellowish when cut, juice yellow ; gills adnate, broad, numerous, white or very pale flesh colour, at length dark purplish brown. Stem 2-5 in. high, 1-2 in. thick, firm, the centre lopse and web-like, when bruised yellow, especially below. Distinguished from A. campestris by the almost white gills (when young) and the yellow stains when bruised. — M. J. B. Spores variable in size, average ‘0004 X *00025 in. — W. G. S. 390. Agaricus (Psalliota) campestris. L. “Common Mushroom.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, dry, silky, floccose or squamu- lose ; stem stuffed, even, white, ring medial, somewhat torn ; gills free, approximate, yentricose, sub-deliquescent, flesh- coloured, then brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 213. Berk. Outl. 1. 10,/. 2. Huss. l,t. 90. Hogg fy Johnst. 1. 19. Cooke, B.F. t. 10. Smith, E.M. / 5. Schceff. t. 33. Vent. t. 14,/. 4-7. Paul. 1. 130. Sow.t. 305. Grev. t. 161. Vitt. Mang. t. 6-8. Krombh. t. 23, /. 1-8. Tratt . essb. t. K. Eng. FI. y.p. 106. Gonn. p. 111./ On dung. Distinguished from A. semiglobatus by the distinct medullary substance with which the stem is stuffed ; stem 3 in. and more long, 2-3 lin. thick, yellow ; pileus about an inch broad, yellowish ; spores unusually large, even for a dung-born agaric, *00067 X *00053 in. 401. Agaricus (Stropharia) semiglobatus. Batsch. “ Semi- globose Stropharia.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, even ; stem fistulose, slender, straight, smooth, glutinous, yellowish ; veil abrupt ; gills adnate, broad, plane, clouded with black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 220. Batsch. f. 110. Grev. t. 844. Huss. i. t. 89. Eng. FI. v. p. 108. On dung. Common. [United States.] Pileus |-1 in. or more broad, hemispherical, yellow, or slightly mottled from the shining through of the gills, viscid when moist, shining and smooth when dry, obtuse, fleshy, flesh white beneath the cuticle, umber near the gills ; gills very broad, adnate with a little tooth, ventricose or plane, mottled with the purple-brown spores, with at length a cinereous, sometimes a yellow tinge ; stem 2-3 in. high, 1-1| line thick, very viscid, shining when dry with a closely glued silkiness, fistulose ; ring more or less perfect, de- flexed. — M. J. B. Spores *00054 X *00034 in. Sub-Gen. 29. Hypholoma, Fr. S. M. i. p. 287. Spores brownish-purple, sometimes intense purple, almost black ; veil woven into a spidery fugacious web which adheres to the margin of the pileus, b. (not properly ring-shaped round the stem) ; pileus with an inseparable pellicle ; stem confluent and homogeneous with the hymenophore. Hab. Generally stumps. (PI. V.,fig. 29/ Most of the species are gregarious and not edible. Hypholoma corresponds with Tricholoma , Entoloma , and Hebeloma. AGARICIN1. 143 A. Fascicular es. 402. Agaxicus (Hypholoma) sublateiitius. Fr. “ Brick- red Hypholoma.” Pilens fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, discoid, dry, at length smooth ; flesh compact, whitish ; stem stuffed, fibrillose, attenua- ted downwards, ferruginous ; gills adnate, crowded, white, then dingy-olive. — Fr, Epicr, p, 221. Schceff. t. 49,/. 6, 7. Krombh. t. 44, /. 1-3. Hedn, Cryp. t. 38. Russ. i. t. 60. Ay. lateritius. Eng. Fl.y.p. 110. Smith. P. M.f. 22. On old stumps. Common. [United States.] Gregarious, csespitose ; pileus 2-3 in. or more broad, fleshy, always very obtuse, not conic, at length expanded, ochraceous, tawny in the centre, paler at the margin, where it is slightly silky, when young it is silky all over. Veil stained with the spores, adhering in fragments to the margin ; gills rounded behind, adnate with a tooth, scarcely green, clouded with the spores, margin uneven ; stem 3 in. or more high, 2-3 lines thick, often thickest below, stuffed, yellow, with a more or less rufescent tinge, silky when young, distinctly squamulose, or fibrillose, firm, at length fistulose ; spores elliptic, brown-purple, but not with a ferruginous tint ; taste bitter and nauseous ; sometimes rather difficult to distinguish from A.fascicularis. — M. J. B. Spores *0002 X *00012 in. 403. Agaricus (Hypholoma) capnoides. Fr . “Fir Wood Hypholoma.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, dry, very smooth; flesh thin, white ; stem nearly hollow, equal, even, silky, pallid ; gills adnate, scarcely crowded, broad, dry, smoky-grey, then purplish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 222. B. fy Br. Ann. N. H. no. 913*. In fir woods. April. Apethorpe. Odour and taste mild ; pileus of one colour, usually yellowish, 1-3 in. broad ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-4 lin. thick, equal, curved and flexuous, pallid, whitish above. 404. Agaxicus (Hypholoma) epixanthus. Fr. “ Grey-gilled Hypholoma.” Pileus fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, somewhat gibbous, even, silky, at length smooth, flesh yellow ; stem hollow, subequal, floccoso-fibrillose, whitish, pruinose at the apex, brownish at the base ; gills adnate, crowded, whitish-yellow, at length cinereous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 222. Paul. 1. 107. Batt. t. 23, D. ? On old fir stumps. Mossburnford. Lea. Easily known by the absence of the bitter taste and cinereous tint of the gills; stem about 3 in. long, 3-4 lin. thick, pale, ferruginous, or tawny at the base, pruinose above ; pileus 2-3 in. broad, yellow or pallid, the disc usually darker. 144 AGARICINI. * ^ P 405. Agaricus (Hypholoma) fasciculaxis. Hud. “ Tufted yellow Hypholoma.” Pileus fleshy, thin, snbnmbonate, smooth ; stem hollow, thin, fibrillose, flexuose, flesh yellow; gills adnate, much crowded, linear, subdeliquescent, sulphur-coloured, then greenish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 222. Bolt. t. 29. Sow. t. 225. FI. Dan. t . 2075. Krombh. t . 44, f. 4-5. Paul. 1. 107. Vent. t. 58, /. 3. Berk. Outl. t. 11,/. 1. Fuss. ii. 1. 15. Eng. Fl.v.p. 111. Smith. P.M. i. Gard. Chron. 1860 ,p. 337,, fig. On old stumps, &c. Common. [United States.] Gregarious, densely csespitose. Pileus 2-in. broad, at first conic, then ex- panded, more or less irregular from the tufted mode of growth, subcarnose, thick in the centre, tawny, margin thin, yellow, with portions of the veil adhering to it, often stained with the ferruginous-purple spores. Gills green, clouded, adnate with a subdecurrent tooth. Stem 2-9 in. high, 2 lines thick, curved and unequal, hollow, fibrillose or squamulose, yellow-greenish above. King stained with the spores. Taste bitter and nauseous. — M.J.B. Gills separating from the hymenophore. Spores *00025 X '00016 in. 406. Agaricus (Hypholoma) dispezsus. Fr. “ Dispersed Hypholoma.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, even, margin silky from the veil; stem subfistulose, thin, tough, fibrillose or silky, base brownish ; gills adnate, thin, subventri- cose, crowded, pallid straw colour, then clouded. — Fr. Epicr. p. 222. Ann. N.H. no. 794. On stumps, and on the ground, in pine woods. Either scattered or fasciculate. Pileus 1£ in. broad, honey-brown. Stem straight, 2-3 in. long, sometimes 6-7 in., for the greater part ferruginous, the apex pale. B. Velutini. 407. Agazicus (Hypholoma) lacrymabundus. Fr . “Weep- ing Hypholoma.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then convex, spotted with innate pilose scales ; flesh white ; stem hollow, fibrilloso-squamose, rather thickened at the base, white ; gills adnate, seceding, white, then brown purple. — Fr. Epicr. p. 223. Bull. 1. 194. On trunks and on the ground. July — Nov. Pileus not hygrophanous, 2-4 in. broad, at first somewhat campanulate, at length expanded, fleshy, margin thin, with a few fragments of the veil attached, firm, pale reddish brown, darker in the centre, fibrilloso-squamu- lose ; flesh pale umber; gills at first pale, then reddish brown, sub-ventricose towards the base, slightly attached. Stem 2-3 in. high, 3 lines or more thick. AGAKICIN1. 145 pale umber towards the base, whitish above, subincrassated below, sub- flexuous, fibrillose or squamuloso-fibrillose from the remains of the floccose ring, above squamuloso-pubescent, truly fistulose, the inside downy, firm, elastic, pale umber within. Odour disagreeable. — M.J.B. Spores almost black, -0003 X *0002 in. {PI. V.J. 29.) 408. Agazicus (Hypholoma) velutixms. P. “Velvety Hypholoma.” Pileus rather fleshy, ovate, then expanded, gibbons, fibrillose or velvety, becoming smooth, hygrophanous, flesh yellowish ; stem hollow, equal, fibrilloso-striate, mealy above, yellowish ; gills truncato-adnexed, ventricose, scarcely crowded, brown, then umber, studded with drops of moisture. — Fr. Epicr.p . 224. Bull . t. 525./. 3. Holms . ii. t. 35. Berk . Outl. t. 11 ,/. 2. Paul . t . 55./. 1. Schceff. t. 84, var. On stumps. Common. var . { 3 . leiocephalus. B. Br. Pileus hygrophanous, rugged, smooth, except at the margin, where it is fibrillose, pallid, as is the stem, whose apex is fari- nose. — B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1009*. On old stumps. Sept. Bodelwyddan. Densely csespitose, much smaller than the common form, but apparently a mere variety, though a very striking one, from its smooth, but very rugged disc. — M. J. B. C. Appendiculati . 409. Agazicus (Hypholoma) Gandollianus. Fr. “ Candolle’s Hypholoma.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate or convex, then ex- panded, obtuse, smooth, hygrophanous ; stem hollow, fragile, subfibrillose, white, apex striate; gills rounded behind, adnexed, crowded, violet, then brownish cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p . 224. FI. Dan. t. 774. Eng.Fl.Y.p. 113. On dead stumps. Pare. Pileus whitish, ochraceous in the centre, 2-4 in. broad. Stem 3 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, solid at the base. 410. Agaricias (Hypholoma) lasaazipes. Cooke . “Woolly- stemmed Hypholoma.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, hygro- phanous, squamose with superficial scales arising from the breaking up of the cuticle, pallid ; veil attached in fugacious H 146 AGARICINI. patches ; stem hollow, fragile, subfibrillose, white, tomentose at the base ; gills crowded, reaching the stem, whitish, then purp- lish brown. — Seem . Journ. (1863),^. 66, t. 3,/. 2. On the soil in conservatories. Subcaespitose. Pileus l|-3 in., rather fleshy, margin thin, pallid, disc often tawny or brownish, margin purplish, with a shade of pink derived from the dark gills beneath, the whole plant becoming dark brown on decay. Stem 2-3 in., white, with radiating white hairs at the base. Gills reaching the stem, not ventricose. (Pl. I; Jig- 3.) 411. Agaxicus (Hypholoma) appendiculatus. Bull. “Ap- pendiculate Hypholoma.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, ovate, then ex- panded ; when dry rugose, and sprinked with atoms ; stem fistu- lose, equal, smooth, white, pruinose above ; gills subadnate, crowded, dry, whitish, then rosy brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 224. Bull, t. 392. Sow. t. 324. Berk. 11,/. 3-4. On dead stumps. Common. Pileus tawny or pale ochre, 2-3 in. broad. Veil attached in patches to the margin. Stem 3 in. long, 2-3 lin. thick. Spores ’00015 X *0002 in. 412. Agaxicus (Hypholoma) egenulus. Berk. “White Hypholoma.” Solitary. Pileus hemispherical, then expanded, whitish, then snowy-white, umbonate, appendiculate ; stem minutely adpresso- squamulose, fistulose ; gills adnate with a tooth, purplish- umber. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 915. On the ground, amongst grass. May. Apethorpe. Solitary. Pileus in. across, hemispherical, expanded, umbonate, but not decidedly rugose or at ornate, of a watery white, when dry suow- white, quite smooth as if delicately gummed, even, except towards the edge, mar- gin finely striate, appendiculate; stem 2 in. high, \\ line thick, attenuated upwards, or nearly equal, minutely adpresso-squamose, fistulose ; gills purplish- umber, with a white edge, moderately distant, slightly ventricose, adnate with a tooth. Spores brown-purple. 413. Agaxicus (Hypholoma) hydxophilus. Bull. “Watery Hypholoma.” Pileus fleshy-membranaceous, convex, then expanded, sub- repand, smooth, hygrophanous, rugose, disc even, margin rather broken; stem fistulose, curved, closely fibrillose, growing pale; gills adnexed , ventricose, crowded, dripping, pallid, then brownish- cinnamon or bay. — Bull. t. 511. Paul. t. 110,/. 1. Fr. Epicr.p. 225. B. Br. Ann. N.H . (1866), no. 1126. A. stipatus. Eng. FI. Y.p- 113, partly. AGARICINI, 147 In woods. Oct. The veil, though fugacious, at once distinguishes it from other species, with which it might easily be confounded. Pileus when fresh usually bay, when dry tawny, about 1^ in. broad, flesh whitish. Stem 2 in. long, 1-2 lin. thick, at first white, then becoming ferruginous, slightly mealy above. . Sub-Gen . 30. Psilocybe, Fr. S. M. i. p. 289. Spores purple, purple-brown, or slate-colour f veil obsolete (or in a few species fugacious, when present not forming a ring) ; pileus glabrous, at first incurved; stem cartilaginous, ringless, confluent with but heterogeneous from the hymenophore. Hab. All grow on the ground. (PI. V.,f. 30/ The species are almost all gregarious, csespitose, inodorous, with fugitive colouring, and not edible. Pries divides the sub-genus into two groups, the tenacious and the fragile. Psilocybe corresponds with Colly bia, Leptonia , and Naucoria . A. Tenaces — pileus pelliculose. 414. Agaiicus (Psilocybe) areolatus. Klotsch. “ Patchy Psilocybe.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex, clothed with minute fibrils ; cuticle cracking into nearly square patches ; stem fistulose, fibril- lose, dirty white ; gills adnate, umber, at length black ; edge white. — Berk . Outl.p. 172, no. 336. Eng . FL v.p. 112. In gardens. May — Oct. Glasgow. Pileus ochraceous or brown, 1^-3 in. broad, convex, veil between fibrous and membranaceous, fugacious; gills 2-3 lines broad, the edge white, and beaded with drops of moisture. Stem 2-3 in. high, 3 lines thick, generally thickened at the base, fibrillose, dirty white. 1 — Klotsch . Spores '00055 X *00034 in. 415. Agaricus (Psilocybe) comptulus. B.^ Br. “Sprinkled Psilocybe.” Pileus between conic and campanulate, at length expanded, pallid, then pallid ochraceous, striate ; margin sub-crenulate ; stem flexuose, shining, silky, smooth ; gills distant, ventricose, adnate, and rosy-umber, — B. fy Br . Ann. N.H. no . 917, t. 14,/. 4. In woods, amongst grass. Oct. Collyweston. Pileus 1-1^ in., between conical and campanulate, at length expanded, pallid, acquiring a pallid ochraceous tint as it loses its moisture, sprinkled with shining particles, scarcely rugulose, striate; margin somewhat crenu- late, at first inflexed ; stem 2 in. high, 1-1^ line thick, flexuose, undulate, smooth, but with a shining, silky aspect, not striate above, below acquiring a very pale rufous tinge ; gills distant, ventricose, broad, adnate, umber, with a rosy tinge. Spores umber-brown. — B . 6c Br . H 2 148 AGARICINI. 41©. Agaiiens (Psilocybe) eric sens. Pers. “ Heatli Psilocybe.” Pileus fleshy, tough, conical, then convex, at length plane, even, smooth, rather viscid when moist, shining when dry; stem somewhat hollow, elongated, tough, pallid; gflls adnate, broad, plane, pallid, then black. — Pers. Syn.p. 413. Fr. Epicr. p. 228. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 149. In exposed pastures, after rain. July— Oct. Stem firm, 3-4 in. long, yellowish, or pallid. Pileus scarcely umbonate, 1 in. and more across. Gills rather distant, margin becoming whitish. — Fries. Omitted from Berkeley’s “ Outlines” by oversight. 417. Agaricus (Psilocybe) semilanceatns. Fr. “Liberty- cap Psilocybe.” Pileus submembranaceous, acutely conical, almost cuspidate, moist, viscid, slightly striate ; stem medullate, tough, flexuose, smooth, pallid ; gills adnexed, ascending, purple-black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 231. Sow. t. 240,/. 1-3. A. callosus . Eng. FI. v.p. 111. In rich pastures. Common. Poisonous. Pileus § in. broad, 3 high, conico-campanulate, apiculato-umbonate, viscid when moist, shining when dry, pale ochraceous, the margin darker from its transparency, flesh thick in the centre ; gills ventricose, adnate, chocolate-coloured, extreme margin white. Stem 4in. high, slender, flexuous, nearly equal, thickened at the very base, subrufescent, fibrillose below, pul- verulento-squamulose abcve, fistulose, base sometimes clothed with blue down.— M.J. B. Spores '0005 X *0003 in. B. Fragiles. 418. Agaricus (Psilocybe) spadiceus. Schceff. “ Bay Psilocybe.” Rigid ; pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, moist, hygro- phanous; stem hollow, tough, pallid, apex even; gills rounded behind, adnexed, dry, crowded, whitish, then rosy-brown. — Fr. Epicr. p. 226. Scliceff. t. 60,/. 4, 6. Buxb. iv. t. 29,/. 2, var. A. stipalus. Eng. FI. v./>. 113, partly. O 11 dead stumps, ground, &c., in woods. Common. Subcaespitose. Usually of a bright bay-brown, paler when dry. Stem 3-4 in. long, whitish. Pileus 3-4 in. broad, even, smooth. Spores *0003 X *0002 in. [PI. V.J. 30.] 419. Agaricus (Psilocybe) ceinuus. Mull. “Nodding Psilocybe.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, convex, then expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, wrinkled when dry; stem fistulose, flexuose, AGARICIlSri. 149 smooth, white, apex even, pruinose ; gills adnate, subventricose, scarcely crowded, whitish-cinereous, then brownish-black. — Fr. Epicr.p. 22 6. Schceff. t. 205. Paul . t. 110, /. 3. FI. Dan. 1 . 1008 {not Eng. FI. v. p. 114). On chips, decayed wood, &c. Dec. Apethorpe. Pileus pallid, 1-2^ in. broad, veil absent. Stem hollow, 2 in. and more long, about 2 lines thick, whitish. Spores *0003 X *0002 in. 423. AgazicuLS (Psilocybe) clivensis. Berk. “Pallid Psilocybe.” Pilens subhemispherical, pallid brown, then whitish ochre, even, atomate, margin striate ; stem equal, somewhat silky ; gills adnate, broadly emarginate, horizontal, umber. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 916, t. xi v./. 3. On the ground. Oct. King’s Cliffe. Pileus 1 in. across, subhemispherical, at first pallid brown, then pallid ochre inclining to white, even, sprinkled with shining particles ; margin striated, not straight; stem 1^ in. high, 1 line thick, fistulose, nearly equal, except at the very base, where it is slightly clavate, somewnat silky ; gills broad, adnate, widely emarginate, ventricose in front, rather distant, umber, margin white. Spores umber. — B.&Br. 421. Agairicus (Psilocybe) fosmsecii. P. “Brown Psilocybe.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, dry, becoming dry ; stem fistulose, not rooting, pallid-rufous, even, smooth ; gills adnate, ventricose (as if broadly emarginate), scarcely crowded, brownish umber. — Fr. Epicr.p. 227. Pers. Ic. § Des. 1. 11./. 1. Buxb. iv. t. 28, /. 1. Berlc. Outl. t. 11./. 5. Hass. i. t. 39 .Eng. FI. y.p. 112. Amongst grass in fields and gardens. Common. [United States.] Gregarious. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, hemispherical, or campanulate, brown umber, margin transparent, and minutely rugose, banded with various tints when losing its moisture ; in decay it has a burnt appearance, and at length dries up and is black. Gills distant, broad, ventricose, attached, umber, mottled, extreme margin white- Stem 2-3 in. high, Inline thick, subflexuous, fistulose, at first slightly pulverulent, umber, apex striate, base cottony. — M. J. B. Spores with an obscure apiculus at one end, *0004 X *00025 in. Sub- Gen. 31. Psathyra. Fr. Epicr. p. 231. Spores dark purple-brown, approaching slate-colour ; veil universal, fibrous, or absent, not forming a ring ; pileus submem- branaceous, conical or campanulate, margin at first straight and 150 AGARICINI. adpressed to the stem ; stem fistulose, ringless, cartilaginous, fragile, confluent with but heterogeneous from the hymeno- phore. Hab. On the ground or rotten wood. (PZ. V.,f. 31.) All are slender and hygrophanous, with fugitive colouring, and closely allied to the fragile species of the last subgenus. Psathyra agrees with Mycena , Nolanea , Galera , Psathyrella. Sect . 1. Conopili. 422. Agaricus (Psathyra) conopilus. P. “Silvery Psathyra.” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, even, smooth, grow- ing pale ; stem tall, attenuated upwards, smooth, silvery-shin- ing ; gills slightly adnexed, crowded, brownish purple. — Fr. Epicr. p. 231. Jungh. Linn . v. t. 6,/. 11. In gardens. Rare. Stem 4-6 in. long, 1-2 lines thick. Pileus dirty white at first, 2 in. broad. 423. Agaricus (Psathyra) mastiger. Berk, Br. “Peaked Psathyra.” Pileus conico-campanulate, repand, dark brown, then tan- coloured ; stem straight, attenuated upwards ; gills ascending, fixed, umber. — B. fy Br. Ann. JSf.H. no. 921, t. xi v,/. 6. On the roadside, amongst grass. Sept. Apethorpe. Pileus about 1 in. across, at first nearly cylindrical, obtuse, then conico- campanulate, with a strong mammiform umbo, repand, dark rich brown when moist, umber tan when dry, somewhat fleshy, not striate ; margin straight • stem 3 in. or more high, l|-2 lines thick, attenuated upwards, white, smooth, or fibrillose and furfuraceous, fistulose, pale umber within, and as the plant dries, acquiring the tint of the pileus, but pale ; veil none ; gills umber, paler on the edge, rather narrow, affixed, ascending.— B. &Br. 424. Agaricus (Psathyra) corrugis. P. “Wrinkled Psathyra,” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, umbonate, somewhat wrinkled, smooth, growing pale ; stem elongated, equal, smooth, white ; gills sinuate, fixed, ventricose, violet, black. — Fr. Epicr . p. 231. Holms, ii. t. 32. Eng. FI. v.p. 115. In pastures. var. (3. gracilis. Fr. — Bull. t. 561,/. 1. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H* (1866), no. 1126*. AGARICINl. 151 On the ground. Aug. Woodnewton. Pileus lin. or more broad, turning pale, when dry corrugated ; gills broad; stem 2-4 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, smooth, hairy at the base. — Fries. Spores •0005 X ’0003 in. (PL V.fig . 31.) 425. Agaricus (Psathyra) bifrons. Berk . “ Changing Psathyra.” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, ochraceous brown, tinged with red, turning pale- tan ; stem straight, naked ; gills pinkish-cinereous, adnate ; margin white. — Berk . Eng. FI. Y.p. 114 . Berk . Outl.p. 173 . In ditches. Sept. Bare. Pileus f in. broad, furnished at first with a minute fibrillose, very evanes- cent veil, rugulose, ochraceous-brown, more or less tinged with red, margin thin, transparent ; gills adnate, moderately broad, cinereous, shaded with pink, margin white, composed of minute wavy teeth; stem 2^ in. high, 1 line thick, filiform, thickest at the base, beautifully but very minutely satiny, not pulverulent, very brittle. — M. J. B. Sect . 2. Obtusati. 426. Agaricus (Psathyra) spadiceo-griseus. Scliceff. “ Bay- grey Psathyra.” Pileus submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, ex- panded, sub-umbonate, smooth, striate to the middle, hygro- phanous ; stem firm, attenuated upwards, shining, white, striate at the apex ; gills adnexed, rather crowded, brown. — Fr. Epicr . p. 232. Scliceff. t. 231 . FI. Dan. t. 167 3, /. 2. A.stipatus, Eng. FI. y.p. 113. partly . On chips, &c. Subcaespitose. Pileus bright brown, 2 in. and more broad. Gills pale umber at first. Stem umber within, about 3 in. long, whitish and shining, striate above. 427. Agaricus (Psathyra) obtusatus. Fr. “Obtuse Psathyra.” Pileus submembranaceous, conical, campanulate, then ex- panded, obtuse, smooth, wrinkled, hygrophanous, rather shining; stem somewhat rigid, equal, even, nearly naked, pallid ; incurved at the base; gills adnate, sub-ventricose, pallid, then umber. — Fr. Epicr. p. 232. Scliceff. t. 60,/. 1-3. Vaill. 1. 12,/. 5, 6. Ann. N.H.no. 918. 152 AGAPICINl* On oak trunks and on the ground. Solitary or caespitose. Stem rooting, 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick. Pileus Timber, paler at the margin, 1 in. and more broad. 428. Agairicus (Psathyza) fibrillosus. P. “ Fibrillose Psathyra.” Pileus sub -membranaceous, campanulato-conyex, then ex- panded, slightly striate, at first fibrillose ; stem elongated, very fragile, white, fibrilloso-squamose ; gills adnate, plane, very broad behind, purplish-black. — Fr. Epicr.p . 232. Eng . FI. Y.p. 113. On the ground, in woods. Rare. Pilens when moist livid, sub-striate ; when dry white, not striate, often fibrilloso-squamose : stem 3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, beset with villous fas- ciculated scales. — Fries. 423. Agaricus (Psathyza) nrticsecola. Berh.fyBr. “Nettle- root Psathyra.” Pileus campanulate, margin striate ; stem fistulose, attenuated upwards, flocculent from the first, white gills ventricose in front, attenuated behind, white, then chocolate colour. — B. Br. Ann. N.H.no. 919. On nettle roots. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Pileus 2 lines across, campanulate, flocculent, white ; margin at length straight, striate; stem short, slender, attenuated upwards, fl -cculent, fis- tulose, springing immediately from the matrix ; gills ventricose in front, at- tenuated behind, adnexed, at first white, then of a rich chocolate. — B. &Br % 430. Agazicus (Psathyara) pennatus. Fr. “ Scaly Psathyra.” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, even, at first clad with white scales, then naked ; stem villous, silvery, pul- verulent above ; gills adnexed, crowded, broad, livid, then brownish-black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 234. Sys. Myc. i.p. 297. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 1010. On naked soil in gardens. King’s Cliffe, occasionally, but never in any abundance. Stem 1-1^ in. long, 1-2 lin. thick, equal, villous, at the apex sprinkled wuth whitish meal, silvery. Pileus ^ in. high and broad, at length expanded to an inch in breadth, not striate, at first densely clothed with whitish scales, at length naked. 431. Agazicus (Psathyra) gossypinus. Fr. “Cottony Psathyra.” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, tomen- tose, becoming smooth ; margin striate ; stemtomentose, whitish ; AGARXCINI. 153 gills adnexed, ventricose, white, then brownish-black. — Fr . Epicr. p.234. Bolt. t. 71, f. 1. In woods on the ground. Rare. Subcsespitose, fragile, pale oehraceous ; gills livid, then brown. 432. Agaricus (Psathyra) semivestitus. Berk, fy Br. “Half- clothed Psathyra.” Pileus ovate, obtuse, brown, growing pale, even, sprinkled with short snowy fibrils ; stem fibrillose, silky, white ; gills ascend- ing, adnate, umber. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 920, t. xiv.,/i 5. Amongst grass in rich pastures. Oct. King’s Cliffe. Pileus about \ in. across, ovate, obtuse, dark brown, turning pale, sprinkled with little fibrils more than half-way up ; not striate ; stem nearly straight, 2 in. high, 1^ line thick, fibrilloso-silky, rather strong, white, with a pale under tinge of brown, fistulose, the walls within white with down ; gills as- cending, broad behind, adnate, umber-brown, tinged with the dark spores. —B.&Br. 433. Agaricus (Psathyra) Gordoni. Berk. “Gordon’s Psathyra.” Casspitose ; pileus campanulate, pallid cinereous, then whitish, more or less floccoso-squamulose, sulcato striate ; stem flexuose, floccose, becoming smooth, whitish pruinose above ; gills ascend- ing, narrowly adnate, distant, cinereous. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 922, t. xv. /. 7. On old stumps. Oct. Overton Longueville. Densely csespitose. Pileus 1| in. across, campanulate, membranaceous, at first pale cinereous, then white, sprinkled with white floccose scales, sulcato- striate; stem 2 in. high, Inline thick, transversely undulated, pruinose above, floccose below, but becoming at length smooth and shining, brittle, fistulose ; gills ascending, narrowly adnate, distant, moderately broad, scarcely ventricose, cinereous. Smell faint, nauseous. When young wholly covered with white flocci . — B &Br . Sub-Gen. 32. Deconica, Smith. Seem. Jour. 1870. (. Psilocybe , Fr. Epicr. partly.) Pileus thin, plane, at first incurved, veil obsolete, or adhering to the margin of the pileus, not forming a ring ; stem cartila- ginous, hollow, confluent with, but heterogeneous from, the hymenophore ; gills decurrent. (PZ. V.,fig. 32.) This sub-genus is analogous with Omphalia, Eccilia , and Tubaria . H 5 154 AGARICINI. 434. Agaricus (Deconica) coprophilus, Bull . “Dung Deconica.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, um- bonate, even ; stem snbfistulose, attenuated above, prninose, be- coming smooth ; gills arcuate, sub-decurrent, broad, livid-brown. Fr. Epicr.p. 229. Bull. t. 566,/. 3. Ann. N.H . no. 689. On dung. Pare. Pileus when very young white and downy, sub-hemispherical, clothed with little white superficial scales, brown, at length smooth and pale umber, darker at the obtuse apex, slightly fleshy. Stem flexuous, slightly attenuated upwards, whitish, shining, at first scaly, like the pileus, within which it is pruinose. Gills nearly plane, ventricose, adnato-arcuate or sub-decurrent, umber brown. — M. J. B. 435. Agaricus (Beconica) bullaceus. Bull. “Mottled- gilled Deconica.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, smooth, at length umbonate, striate to the middle ; stem fistulose, short, equal, fibrillose ; gills adnate, triangular, plane, crowded, fer- ruginous-brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 229 (not Eng. FI .n .p. 114). Bull, t. 566./. 2. A. stercorarius. Eng. FI. v.p. 111. Krombh. t. 3, /. 33,34. On horse dung. Pileus £-1 in. broad, sub-carnose, sub-umbonate, umber, almost tawny, slightly viscid, moist, shining, quite smooth, even ; in infancy flat, then hemispherical, when old quite plane, the margin transparent, slightly notched ; when dry pale. Gills umber, mottled with the brown-purple spores, broad, plane, with a decurrent tooth, or ventricose and emarginate. Stem l|-2 in. high, 1 line thick, umber, tough, flexuous, below squamuloso-fibril- lose, with a little down at the base, above shining, but minutely pubescent, striate with the decurrent teeth of the gills, fistulose, but with a few fibrils within, flesh dark umber; when young there is a narrow ring. — M.J.B. Spores with an obscure apiculus at both ends, *0004 X ‘00028 in. — W. G. S. 436. Agasricus (Deconica) pliy saloides . Bull. “Dung Deconica.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, even, rather viscid ; stem fistulose, flexile, closely fibrillose, bright brown at the base ; gills decurrent, crowded, sub -ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 229. Bull. t. 366,/. 1. Paul. t. 122, /. 5. var. Gard. Chron. Sept. 25, 1852. Ann. N.H. no. 690. On dung, in mossy places, &c. Spores *0005 in. long, *0003 in. broad. Pileus 3-4 lin. broad, purplish- brown, paler about the margin, at length umbonate, and depressed round the umbo. Spores ‘00034 X ‘0002 in. [PZ. V.,f. 32.] AGAKICIN1. 155 Series V. Coprinarii. Fr„ Epicr. p. 234. Spores black. Psathyrella is very close to Coprinus , more so than Panceolus . In the Cop- rinarii the unrepresented spaces are very numerous. Sub-Gen . 33. Panceolus, Fr. Epicr. 234. Veil, when present, interwoven, sometimes wanting ; spores black, oval, smooth lemon-shaped, or echinnlate ; pileus somewhat fleshy, viscid when moist, shining when dry, never striated , the margin exceeding the variegated gills ; gills clouded, never be- coming purple or brown. Hab. Almost all grow on dung, often near towns, in summer and autumn. (PI. VI., fig. 33.) This and the following subgenus differ from all the preceding in their black spores , and occupy an intermediate position between Agaricus and Coprinus , agreeing with the latter in the colour of the spores, but joined more properly to the genuine Agarics by the gills not deliquescing. Although the veil may be entirely absent in some species, yet they are so allied that they cannot be well separated. — W. G . S. Sect. 1. Pileus viscid, shining when dry. 437. Agaricus (Panaeolus) separatus. L. “ Ochrey Panaeolus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, even, viscid ; stem straight, shining, white, thickened downwards, ring dis- tant ; gills fixed, cinereous-black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 234. Bolt. t. 53. Berk. Outl. t. 11, f. 7. Bull t. 84. A. semiovatus. Sow. t. 131. Eng. FI. v. p. 116. Price./. 39. On dung. Common. Pileus in. broad, semiovate, very obtuse, at first ochraceous, then dirty white, shining, smooth, slightly viscid, wrinkled when old, subcarnose but watery, gills subdeliquescent, broad, ventricose, adnate by a small portion, clouded, cinereous, margin white; stem 5 in high, or more, 2 lines thick, at first fibrillose, beneath the ring squamuloso-pulverulent, above dotted, as is the ring, with the large, black, elliptic spores. — M.J. B . Spores *0000 X •0004 in. (PI. VI., f. 33. j 438. Agaricus (Panaeolus) leucophanes. B. Br. “ Shiny -white Panaeolus.” Pileus campanulate, obtuse, viscid, shining when dry, innate- silky white, here and there with an ochraceous tinge ; margin appendiculate ; stem attenuated upwards, white, fibrillose, with scattered farinaceous particles, transversely subundulate, fistu- 156 AGATCICINI. lose ; gills adnate, pale flesh-tinted grey, then black. — B. <$• Br. Ann . N. H. (1866 ) no. 1127, t. 11, /. 1. In grass fields. Ang. King’s Cliffe. A very pretty species, allied to A . separatus ; pileus fin. across ; stem 2 in. high, about 1 line thick in the centre ; spores *00037 in. long, somewhat cymbiform. 439. AgaYicus (Panaeolus) fimiputris . Bull, “ Dark-grey Panseolus.” Pilens snbmembranaceons, conical, then expanded, some- what gibbous, even, viscid ; stem slender, equal, smooth, pallid ; annular zone marked; gills fixed, livid-black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 235. Bull. t. 66. Bolt, t . 57. Batt.t. 28, P. Berk . Outl. t. 11,/. 6. Eng. FI. v. p. 116. On dung and in pastures. Common. [Cincinnati.] Pileus 1-2 inches broad and high, at first obtuse, conic, reticulato-rugu- lose, at length campanulate, dark cinereous, livid when dry ; the ring broken into triangular loops or lacinise, fringing the margin, which is mi- nutely downy and frequently split ; gills adnate, ascending, mottled, cine- reous-black, sub deliquescent ; stem 2-6 in. high, squamuloso-tomentose, pulverulent, often beaded with little drops, striate above, nearly white, at length rufescent, zoned within. — M. J. B. Spores *00027 X *00034 in. 449. Agasricus (Panseolus) phalaenarum. Fr. “ Ruddy- stemmed Panaeolus.” Pileus rather fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid ; veil appendiculate, fugacious; stem equal, rather firm, almost naked, pallid, rufescent ; gills adnexed, broad, cinereous black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 235. Bull. t. 58. Paul. 1. 121,/. 1. Ann. A. AT. ? 2 o. 796. On dung. Sept. Apethorpe. Allied closely to A. papilionaceus, but larger, pileus viscid, clay colour. Sect. 2. Pileus opaque when moist. When dry subflocculose. 441. Agaricus (Panaeolus) retirugis. Batsch. “Ribbed Panaeolus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, globose, then hemispherical, subum- bonate, reticulated, with raised ribs, sprinkled with opaque atoms ; veil torn, appendiculate; stem equal, pruinose, pinkish purple ; gills fixed, ascending, cinereous black. — Fr. Epicr . p. 235. Batsch. f. 91. AGAR1CINI. 157 On dung. Coed Coch. Pilous pinkish, tan-colour, distinguished from A. corrugis by its black pores. Spores with a distinct apiculus at both ends, *0006 X *0004 in. Sect. 3. Pileus dry, smooth, shining, without zone. 442 . Agazicus (Panaeolus) campanulatus. L. “Campanu- late Panasolus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, dry, even, smooth, somewhat shining; stem equal, straight, rufous, striate above, powdered with black ; gills fixed, ascending, variegated with grey and black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 236. Ball. t. 561, /. 2, L. Buxb. iv. 1. 13. FI. Dan. 1. 1959. Batsch, f. 6. On rich soil, &c. Common. [Cincinnati.] Pileus brownish tinged with rufous, 4-1 in high and broad, rather shin- ing. Stem straight, commonly 3 in. long, 1-2 lin. thick, rufescent. 443. Agazicus (Pan so sins) papilionacens. Bull. “ Butterfly Panaeolus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, smooth, when dry rimoso-squamose ; stem equal, even, whitish, powdered with white above ; gills broadly adnate, very wide, at length plane, blackish — Fr. Epicr. p. 236. Bull. t. 561,/. 2, N.M. Eng. FI. v. p. 116. Vent. t. 58,/. 4-5. On rich soil, dung, &c. Common. [United States.] Pileus ^-1 in. broad, at length convex, when dry subrufescent, even, never viscid ; gills ascending, close, quite entire j veil very fugacious ; stem 3 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, rufescent. — Fries. Sect. 4. Pileus dry, smooth, zoned at the margin. 444. Agazicus (Panaeolus) cinctulus. Bolt. “Ringed Panasolus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, even, smooth, margin with a broad, brown zone ; stem rather firm, equal, brownish, gills free (?), ventricose, olivaceous black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 237 . Bolt. 1. 152. On dung. Halifax. Inserted on the authority of Bolton’s figure. Distinguished by the broad brown zone at the margin of the pileus. 158 AGARICINI, 445. Agaricus (Panaeolus) subbalteatus. Berk. $ Br. “ Zoned Panaeolus.” Pileus convex, fleshy, hygrophanous, fawn-colonred, pallid when dry, zoned, rugulose ; stem fragile, with white fibrils ; gills brownish, adnate, subventricose. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 923. In a tare field. Sept. Apethorpe. Caespitose. Pileus l|-2 in. across, at first convex, with the margin slightly incurved, then expanded, obtuse, or slightly umbonate, irregular, rather fleshy, hygrophanous, of a dull deep fawn colour, pallid when dry, slightly rugose, and marked near the margin with a dark narrow zone ; veil none ; stem 2-2| in. high, 2 lines thick, fistulose, red brown, brittle, stringy, split- ting longitudinally, marked with short white fibrils ; gills brownish, slightly ventricose, adnate, margin white, slightly toothed. Spores black. Closely allied to A. cinctulus , Bolt, but differing in habit, &c. — B . & Br. 446. Agaricus (Panaeolus) fimicola. Br. “ Dung Panaeolus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, smooth, opaque ; marked near the margin with a narrow brown zone ; stem fragile, elongated, equal, pallid, pruinose above ; gills ad- nate, broad, variegated with grey and brown. — Fr. Epicr. p. 237. Buxb. iv. t. 28,/. 4. Bolt . t. 66, /. 1. On dung, rich pastures, &c. [United States.] Not gathered since Bolton’s time. Stem 3-4 in. long, 1 line thick, dingy. Pileus obtuse, even, smooth, dingy grey when moist, clay-coloured when dry. Flesh greyish white. Sub-Gen. 34. Psathyrella. Fr. Epicr. 237. Spores black, oval, smooth, or echinulate ; veil inconspicuous, not interwoven, generally absent; pileus membranaceous, striated, margin straight, adpressed to the stem, not exceeding the gills ; stem confluent with but heterogeneous from the hymenophore; gills adnate or free. (FI. VI., f. 34.) The species are ail very slender, and the only other subgenus with black spores ( Panceolus), is readily distinguished by the characters of the pileus ; it agrees in every point with Psathyra , except the colour of the gills being never brown or purple, and the spores black. It also agrees, more or less, in structure with Mycena , Nolanea , and Galera , and also appears to be allied to Bolbitius, which, however, is at once distinguished by its coloured spores. — W. G . S. Sect. 1. Stem straight, smooth. 447. Agaricus (Psathyrella) gracilis. Fr. “Slender Psathyrella.” Pileus submembranaceous, conical, slightly striate when moist, hygrophanous ; stem slender, straight, naked, pallid ; AGARICINX. 159 gills broadly adnate, subdistant, cinereous black, edge pale rose. — Fr, Epicr. p. 238. Berk . Outl.p. 176. On hedge borders. Common. Gregarious. Pileus brownish, at length often tinged with pink, ^-1 in. broad. Stem 3 in. and more long, naked, whitish. Spores *00024 X *00049 in. 448. Agaricus (Psathyrella) hiascens. Fr, “Fissured Psathyrella.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, smooth, fisso-sulcate, disc even ; stem straight, rigid, brittle, smooth, white ; gills adnate, linear, sub-distant, acute in front, pallid, then black. — Fr, Epicr, p, 238. Bull, t. 552,/. 2, F. G. Berk, Outl.p. 176. Under hedges. Pileus 1 in. high, 1^ in. across, sulcate up to the disc, pale dirty-ochraceous. — M.J.B . 449. Agaricus (Psathyrella) aratus. Berk, “ Sulcate Psathyrella.” Pileus membranaceous, campanulato-conic, rather acute, deeply sulcate ; stem tall, thickened at the base, white, smooth, fistu- lose ; gills lanceolate, quite free, purplish-black. — Berk. Outl.p. 176. Under hedges. Woodnewton. Pileus 1 in. high, § in. across, bright brown ; flesh of the disc of the same colour. Stem 5 in. high. Sect. 2. Stem flexuose, pruinose above. 450. Agaricus (Psathyrella) pronus. Fr. “ Stooping Psathyrella.” Pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, obtuse, striate, hygro- phanous, dry, opaque, slightly silky, atomate ; stem very slender, equal, flexuose, sub-pellucid ; gills adnate, ventricose, sub-dis- tant, livid sooty-black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 239. Ann. N.H. no. 924. Amongst grass. Sept. Apethorpe. Stem filiform, fragile, 1^ in. long. Pileus 4-6 lines broad, dingy. 451. Agaricus (Psathyrella) atomatus. Fr. u Sprinkled Psathyrella.” Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly striate, hygrophanous, dry, rugulose, entire, furfuraceous with shining atoms; stem lax, fragile, white, mealy at the apex, gills adnate, broad, cinereous-black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 239. Eng. FI. Y.p. 115. 160 AGARICINI. About hedge rs. Common. Pileus lcj in. broad, at first obtusely conic, then sub-hemisplierical, at length piano-expanded, with a fine evanescent ara.chnoid veil, ochraceous, inclining to pale rufous, at length cream-coloured, or nearly white, some- times purplish, or rose-coloured ; gills broad, ventricose, rather distant, at first pale ochraceous, then brown purple, or cinereous-black. Stem 2-3 in. high, 1-2 lines thick, somewhat rooting, fistulose, brittle, striate above, and slightly pulverulent, base thickest, and more or less cottony, never quite smooth.— M. J. B. Spores *0005 X ’00035 in. 452. Agaricus (Psathyzella) disseminaius. Fr. “Clustered Psathyrella.” Pileus membranaceous, ovato-campanulate, furfuraceous, then nahed, sulcato-plicate, entire, discoloured ; stem lax, subflexuose, fragile, at first mealy, then smooth ; gills adnate, broadly linear, whitish, cinereous, then black. — Fr. Epicr.p. 240. Sow. t. 166. Paul t. 123. f. 6. FI. Dan. t. 1848. Schceff. t. 308. Batsch.f. 3. Buxb. ii., t. 50,/. 5. Eng. FI. v.p. 118. Batt.t. 27, C. Vent. t. 35, / 3-4. About trunks of trees, and on the ground. Common. [United States.] Gregarious, csespitose. Pileus 3 lines broad, campanulato-conic, minutely pubescent, strongly striate, submembranaceous, tender, fragile, ochraceous, at length white, with a pearly tint towards the margin ; gills broadly adnate, pink, inclining to cinereous. Stem 1 in. high, line thick, fistulose, curved, white, pubescent, attenuated upwards, downy at the base. - M.J.B, Spores •0003 X ’0002 in. (PI VI. Jig. 31.) Genus 2. COPRXNUS, Fr. Epicr. p. 241. Spores black ; pileus : margin of pileus straight, at first adpressed to the stem ; stem confluent with or distinct from the hymenophore ; gills free, at first coherent, and sprinkled with a micaceous scurf, soon deli- quescing into a black fluid, trama none. Hab. Fat and rank places, often on dung, but sometimes on decaying wood. {Figs. 38, 39.) Readily distinguished by its deliquescent habit. AGARICINI. 161 Sect. 1. Pelliculosi.— pileus rather fleshy. * Comati. 453. Coprinus comatus. Fr. “ Shaggy Coprinus.” Pileus rather fleshy, cylindrical, then expanded, even, soon torn into broad, adpressed, scattered scales ; stem hollow, fibril- lose, bulb solid, rooting ; ring moveable ; gills free, linear, white, then purplish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 242. Batt. 26, B. FI. Dan. t. 831. Schceff.t. 46,47. Sow. 1. 189. Grev.t. 119. Fault. 127. Krornbh. t. 3,/. 35, t. 30,/. 15-21. CooJce, B.F.t.ll. Smith , E.M.f. 13. Badh.i.t. 10,/. 2,ii. 1 7,/. 1-3. Price J. 49. Oard. Chron. (1860), p.73,fig. Trans. Woolh.Cl. 1868, £. 13. Curt. FI. L. t. 93. (Bolt. t. 142, wr. ?) Eng. FI. v.p. 118. Boruss. t. 389. Hogg, Johnst. t. 3. Sides of roads, pastures, &c. Common. Esculent. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 3-4 in. high, 2 in. broad, campanulato-cylindrical, cuticle white, breaking up into broad fibrillose, sub-fuscous scales ; beneath this coating the pileus is finely plicate, often split, and of a pinky-brown, flesh scarcely any on the margin, rather thick in the centre ; gills very numerous and close, beautifully varied with pink and brown-black, margin white, or pinkish, minutely downy, slightly undulated, quite free, so as to leave a sort of collar round the stem. Stem 5 in. or more high, fin. thick at the base, hollow, filled with arachnoid fibres, bulbous, fibrillose, and sub-ad- presso-squamose ; sometimes tinged with pink, brittle, but tolerably firm ; ring thick and moveable.— M. J. B. Spores with an apiculus at one end, or on one side, *00058 X *00032 in. — W. G. S. 454. Coprinus ©vatus. Fr. “ Ovate Coprinus.” Pileus submembranaceous, ovate, then expanded, striate ; at first woven into densely imbricated, thick, concentric scales ; stem bulbous, rooting, flocculose, hollow above, ring deciduous ; gills remote, lanceolate, white, then brownish-black. — Fr. Epicr . p. 242. Schceff.t. 7. Ray. Syn.no. 22, p. 5. Ann. N. II. no. 925. In pastures. Woodnewton. Similar to C. comatus , but smaller, and more delicate ; pileus whitish ; the gills are less deliquescent. Stem 3-4 in. long. 455. Coprinus sterquilinus. Fr. “ Sulcate-dung Coprinus.” Pileus membranaceous, conical, then expanded, sulcate, at first villous or silky, disc rather fleshy, squarroso-squamose ; stem attenuated ; fibrillose, base solid, not rooting, annulate ; gills 162 AGARICINI. free, ventricose, purplish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 242. Mich. t. 83. f 3. Eng. FI. v . p. 119. Ann. N.H . no. 150. On dung. Rare. King’s Cliffe. Pileus 1^ in. broad, dingy ; stem 5 in. long, hollow, solid at the base. ** Atramentarii . 456. Coprinus atramentarius. Fr. “ Inky Coprinus.” Pileus slightly fleshy, ovate, then expanded, repand, spotted at the top with innate squamules ; stem hollow, firm, zoned within ; ring abrupt, fugacious ; gills free, ventricose, white, then purplish-black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 243. FI. Dan. t. 1370. FI. Boruss. t. 390. Price, f. 40. Sow. t. 188. Vaill.t. 12, f. 10-11. Bull. t. 164. Berk. Outl. 1. 12, f. 1. Cooke. B.F. 1. 12. Eng. FI. Y.p. 119. Badh. i. t. 10, /. 1. ii. t. 9 ,/. 1-2. About old stumps and on naked soil. Common. Esculent. [United States.] Gregarious, csespitose; pileus 3| in. or more high, subcarnose, campanu- late, obtuse, edge uneven, dirty-grey, at length brownish, innato-fibrillose, more or less furfuraceous and corrugated, apex often scaly ; gills very broad and close, ventricose, umber, margin white, rounded behind, quite free ; stem 3^ in. high, \ in. thick, fistulose, juicy, fibrillose, attenuated upwards, brittle, the substance banded concentrically.— M. J. B. Spores *00035 X *00021 in. [Coprinus luridus. Ft. (Bolton, t. 25.) has only been found by Bolton, at Halifax, and is probably a variety of the above.] 457. Coprinus fuscescens. Fr. “ Brownish Coprinus.” Pileus submembranaceous, ovate, then expanded, unpolished ; disc rather fleshy, even or cracked, scaly ; stem hollow, fragile, incurved, subfibrillose, scarcely annulate; gills fixed, umber- black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 244. Scliceff. t. 17. Paul. t. 125,/. 1. On dead stumps. Rare. Kilmory. [Cincinnati.] More delicate than C. atramentarius , smaller and more fragile ; pileus brownish-grey, 2, rarely 3 in. broad ; the disc becoming brown, not sprinkled with micaceous particles, but at first covered with an opaque mealiness ; stem 3 in. long, 2-3 lin. thick j spores with an oblique apiculus, *0004 X *00023 in. • (Fig. 38, reduced.) *** Picacei. 458. Coprinus picaceus. Fr, “ Magpie Coprinus.” Pileus membranaceous, ovato-campanulate, striate, varie- gated with broad, white, superficial scales ; stem hollow, bul- AGARXCINI. 163 bous, not rooting, fragile, smooth; gills free,ventricose, cinereous- black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 244. Bull. t. 206. Sow. t. 170. FI. Dan. 1. 144. Smith. P.M.f. 9. Eng. FI. v. p. 119. On roadsides. Bare. Pileus 2 in. broad and high, campanulate, glutinous, closely grooved, brown with a tinge of red above ; margin cinereous, dimpled at the apex ; cuticle cracking into large pale fawn-coloured subconic scales, flesh very thin ; gills broad, ventricose, narrow in front, black, the extreme margin, except when deliquescent, white, quite free ; stem 6 in. high, ^ in. thick at the base, beautifully satiny with adpressed fibrillae, attenuated above, where it is subtomentose and stained with the spores, sub-bulbous below, hollow. — M. J. B. Spores *00055 X *00036 in. 459. Coprinus aphthosus. Fr. “ Scaly Coprinus.” Pileus membranaceous, oyato-campanulate, without striaB, sprinkled with superficial floccose scales, then naked; stem hollow, equal, twisted, fibrillose ; gills adnate, linear, white, then black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 245. Bolt. t. 26. In hollow trees, cellars, etc. Pileus about an inch high, livid, not striate j stem 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, soft, white. 460. Coprinus similis. B. fy Br. “ Striate Coprinus,” Pileus ovato-campanulate, lineato-striate, pallid, centre ob- scurely hygrophanous, clothed with acute brown warts ; stem hollow, white, largest at the base; gills adnate, attenuated behind, sublinear, brownish near the margin. — B. “Red-zoned Cortinarius.” Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, soon inn ato -fibril- lose and scaly, torn, bright red brown, margin thin ; stem solid, elongated, bulbous, fibrillose, rufescent, circled by a red zone; gills fixed, very broad, distant, pallid, then dark cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 295. Bull . t. 527, /. 1. Huss . i. t. 19. In woods. Stem solid, firm, 3-6 in. long, ^in. thick, remarkable for its blood-red zone. Pileus 3-5 in. broad, dry, brick red, at first smooth, soon innato- fibrillose or squamulose. Odour of radishes. 527. Cortinarius (Telamonia) limonius. Fr . “ Lemon Cortinarius.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, tawny (ochra- ceous yellow), at length rivuloso - squamulose ; stem solid, firm, equal ; veil fioccoso-squamose, of the same colour ; gills ad- nate, emarginate, rather distant, yellow, then tawny-cinnamon. Fr. Epicr. p. 296. Holms, ii. t. 40. Eng. FI. Y.p. 84. In pine woods. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, when dry ochrey-yellow, subsquarrose ; gills some- times adnate, sometimes emarginate, veil rarely forming a perfect ring. Stem 2-4 in. high, £ in. thick, firm, fibrillose, dull yellow, sometimes saffron- red.— Fries. 528. Cortinarius (Telamonia) hinnuleus. Fr. ‘‘Fawn Cortinarius.” Pileus between fleshy and membranaceous, conico-eampanu- late, then expanded, sub-umbonate, smooth, pallid, tawny cinna- AGARICINl. 187 mon, at length pierced; stem stuffed, rigid, tawny, attenuated downwards, girt above by the white silky veil; gills sub-emargi- nate, distant, broad, thin, quite entire, tawny-cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p. 29b. Sow. t. 173. In woods. Common. Stem sometimes short, about 1 in. sometimes 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, and sometimes 3-4 in. long and flexuous. Pilous obtuse or obtusely um- bonate, pale tawny cinnamon, growing paler, shining when dry. Flesh of the same colour. {Fig* 45, reduced.) 529. Goriinaxius (Telamonia) gentilis. Fr. “ Delicate Cortinarius.” Pileus rather fleshy, conical, then expanded, acutely umbonate, even, smooth, at length cracked; stem slender, equal, squamose, with tawny-cinnamon (yellowish) scales, and oblique; ring yellow; gills adnate, thick, very distant, quite entire, tawny-cinnamon, of one colour. — Fr. Epicr.p. 297. Br.Bath. Trans. 1870,^.72. Fr. Mon. Hym. ii .p. 87. In pine woods. Box. Hanham. Gregarious, tawny-cinnamon. Stem 2 lines thick, nearly straight, usually attenuated at the base. Pileus ^-1 in., rarely more, frequently squamulose, of the same colour as the stem, hygrophanous, when dry bright yellow and silky. 530. Coxtinaxius (Telamonia) helvelloides. Fr. “Thick- gilled Cortinarius.” Pileus rather fleshy, thin, sub-convex, obsoletely umbonate, ferruginous, at length rimose. Stem fistulose, slender, undulate, silky-fibrillose, as well as the veil yellowish, gills adnate, very distant, violaceous-umber then cinnamon, edge whitish -floccose. — Fr. Epicr.p. 297. Ann. N.H. no. 929. In woods. Stem fistulose, 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lin. thick, equal, veil yellowish, about the margin of the pileus silky. Pileus £-1 in. broad, striate, when mature rimose and squarrose, tawny when dry. Gills adnate, very thick and distant. 531. Coxtinaxius (Telamonia) pexiscelis. Weinm. “ Lilac and White Cortinarius.” Pileus campanulate, then convex, lilac and white, silky, umbo fleshy, elsewhere membranaceous ; stem equal, fibrillose, of the same colour; veil woven, brownish, sub-annulate ; gills adnate, crowded, narrow pallid, then obscurely ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 300. Ann. N.H. no. 694. 188 AGARXCXNI. In bogs or under beecb. Bowood. Stem 3-4 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, straight, brownish when dry, whitish villous at the base. Pileus 2 in. broad, hygrophanous. — Fries . 532. Cortinarius (Telamonia) psammocephalus. Fr. “Little Tawny Cortinarius.” Tawny cinnamon ; pileus rather fleshy, convex then expanded, at length umbonate, furfuraceo-squamulose, stem stuffed, attenu- ated, squamulose, sheathed with the contiguous veil ; gills adnate, arcuate, crowded. — Fr. Epicr. p. 301. Bull. t. 531,/. 2. Ann. N.H. no. 695. In woods. King’s Cliffe. Pileus about an inch across. Stem one inch long, gills darker than the pileus, flesh of the same colour, not white. 533. Cortinarius (Telamonia) ileopodius. Fr. “Tan-coloured Cortinarius.” Pileus rather fleshy, convex, subumbonate, at first with silky- white threads, becoming smooth, light reddish-yellow (tan co- loured), at length even and rimose ; stem equal, thin, tawny (without and within), sheathed with a pallid veil, naked upwards, fibrilloso-striate ; gills adnate, somewhat crowded, thin, incli- ning to cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 301. Bull. t. 586, f. 2, A. B. Eng. FI. v. p. 88. In woods. July — Nov. [United States.] Pileus J in. broad, at first conic, with the silky veil attached to the margin, then convex, rather acutely umbonate, the umbo cinnamon, then brownish, changing to ochraceous, sub-carnose, silky, especially on the margin, which is pellucid when moist ; gills at first pale, changing to dark cinnamon. Stem 2 in. or more high, scarce lline thick, rufescent, pruinose, or sericeo-squam- ulose, moderately tough, at length hollow. — M. J. B. 534. Cortinarius (Telamonia) hemitrichus. Fr. “Fringed Cortinarius.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, umbonate, brown (tan coloured), margin fringed or silky with dense white superficial fibrils ; stem hollow, nearly equal, pallid, brown, floccoso-squamose from the white veil, and annulate; gills adnate, crowded, clay coloured, then cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 302. Ann. N.H. no. 930. In woods. Sept. Lea. [S. Carolina.] Stem lj-2^in. long, thick, firm ; pileus acute or obtuse, 1-3 in. broad, with the margin fringed, or altogether covered with superficial erect white fibrils, becoming smooth, colour dark brown, tan coloured when dry. AGARICINI. 189 Sub-Gen . 6. Hygrocybe. Fr. Epicr. p. 303. Pileus generally thin, gla- brous, hygrophanous, but not viscid, cuticle rigid, not fibro- lacerate ; stem rigid, subcar- tilaginous without, never an- nulated or scaly. {Fig, 46.) 535. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) Armeniacus. Fr, “ Peach Cortinarius.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous, even, smooth, tawny-cinnamon (at length tan coloured), shining ; stem stuffed, conical, attenuated, rigid, soft within, as well as the sub-peronate veil white ; gills adnate, crowded, pallid, then tawny cinnamon. — Fr, Epicr , p, 304. Schceff. t. 81. Eng, FI. v. p. 88. Ann. N.H, no, 696. In pine woods. [United States.] Pileus 2-4 in. broad, campanulate, soon convex, expanded, sometimes acutely umbonate, margin tbin, patent, moist, not viscid, when dry tan, in- clining to light red; gills distinct, 2-3 lines broad, when young watery-cin- namon ; stem 2-3 in. high, 2 lines-2 in. thick, rather soft, sometimes violet above, conic or sub-equal, veil rather woven. — Fries. 536. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) dilutus. Fr. “Bolton’s Cortinarius.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, sub-umbonate, smooth, even, opaque, light red ; stem stuffed, then hollow, soft, pallid, thickened at the base, veil fibrillose ; gills emarginate, adnexed, broad, crowded, pallid cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 305. Bolt. 1. 10. In woods. Halifax. Not found since the time of Bolton. Stem 2-3 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, whitish, at first silky, then becoming smooth. Pileus about 2 in. broad; when moist of a brick-red, tan-coloured when dry, but variable, in either state opaque. Gills deeply emarginate, very ventricose, 3-4 lin. broad, crowded. 190 AGARICINI. 537. Cortinairius (Hygrocybe) castaneus. Fr, “Chestnut Cortinarius.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, firm, campanulate or convex, then expanded or gibbous, even, chestnut (shining) ; stem cartila- ginous, stuffed, then hollow, even, violaceous, or pallid-rufescent ; veil white, fibrillose; gills fixed, ventricose, rather crowded, violet, then ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr.p . 307. Bull, t . 268. Eng . FI. v.p. 89. In woods and gardens. Common. Esculent. [United States.] Gregarious. Pileus 1 in. or more broad, sub-carnose, at first obtuse, with a delicate fibrillose veil, which makes the margin appear silvery, dark bay or dirty violet, sometimes with a tawny tint, soon expanded, broadly um- bonate ; umbo more or less obtuse; gills of the colour of the pileus, or purplish umber, at length sub-ferruginous, ventricose, adnate. Stem 1* in. high, 2 lines thick, beautifully fibrillose, *nd white from the veil beneath, much paler than the pileus, but with more or less of the same tint, some- times tinged with violet. Odour none ; taste like Marasmius oreades. — M. J. B. 538. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) Reedii. Berk. “Reed’s Cortinarius.” Pileus conical, then expanded and strongly nmbonate, smooth, shining, persistently brown, disc areolate, margin splitting ; stem white, solid, fibrilloso-striate, slightly bulbous ; veil fibrillose, evanescent ; gills broad, ventricose, ascending, attenuated be- hind, free, white or pallid, then cinnamon. — Berk. Outl.p. 194. Huss. ii. t. 45. Amongst moss and beech mast. May. Hayes. Surrey. Stem l|-2 in. high. Flesh pallid. Tasteless and scentless. 539. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) rigens. Fr. “ Rigid Cortinarius.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, conical, soon convex, obtuse, even, smooth, opaque, clay-coloured ; stem cartilaginous, rigid, root- ing, smooth, naked, white, somewhat attenuated upwards ; gills adnate, sub-decurrent, broad, distant, clay-coloured, then dark cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p. 311. Ann. N.H. no. 931. In woods. Mossburnford. Stem elastic, rigid, nnd tough, pallid when moist, white when dry, 2-4 in. long, 2-5 lin. thick. Veil scarcely manifest. Pileus 1-2 in. or more broad. Flesh rather firm, white. AGARICINI. 191 540. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) leucopus. Fr. “ White- stemmed Cortinarius.” Pileus rather fleshy, conical, then expanded, at length um- bonate, even, smooth, light red, shining; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, white ; gills sub-adnexed, ventricose, crowded, pallid, then cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p . 311. Ball. t. 533,/. 2. In woods. Stem 1-2 in. long, 2-4 lin. thick, soft, white. Pileus scarcely an inch broad, moist, but not viscid, light red, tan-coloured when dry. Gills adnexed, seceding, crowded, ventricose, pallid, then cinnamon, edge quite entire and of the same colour. ( Fig. 46, reduced.) 641. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) decipiens. Fr. “Deceptive Cortinarius.” Pileus submembranaceous, conical, smooth, shining, bay- brown (brick-red), at length depressed around the somewhat fleshy, prominent, darker umbo ; stem sub-fistulose, equal, slender, covered with a pallid, separable cuticle, internally rather bright brown ; gills adnate, thin, somewhat crowded, ferruginous brown. Fr.Ep.p. 312. Pers. Syn.p. 289. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1129. In woods. Sept. King’s Cliffe. [United States.] Stem 2-4 in. long 1-2 lines thick, straight or flexuose, pale rufous, or spotte d with brick-red. Pileus about an inch broad, smooth, shining, bay, umbo darker, margin when mature finely striate. 542. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) acutus. Fr. “Acute Cortinarius.” Pileus membranaceous, conical, acutely umbonate, striate, light reddish-brown (at length tan-coloured and even) ; stem fistulose, equal, slender, flexuose, growing pale, veil fugacious, white ; gills adnate, rather crowded, thin, narrow, quite entire, ochraceous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 314. Ann. N.H. no. 797. On moist spots in fir woods. [United States.] Csespitose, with the habit of a Galera . Stem slender, 3 in or more long, 1-2 lines thick. Veil adhering to the margin, fibrillose, white. 543. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) Junghuhnii. Fr. “Jung- huhn’s Cortinarius.” Pileus rather fleshy, thin, conical, then expanded, papillate, clothed with innate, white, thin fibrils, persistently rather vel- vety, shining cinnamon ; stem stuffed, equal, sub-flexuous, pale 192 AGABICINI. red-brown, with shining, closely-pressed, brown fibrils ; gills ad- nate, thin, ventricose, saffron yellow, then red brown. — Fr . Ep. p. 314. B . fy Br. Ann . N.H . (1866) no. 1130. In woods. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2 lines thick, internally darker, base whitish. Veil obsolete. Pileus 1 in., striate to the middle when moist. Gills 2 lines broad, veined at the base. Spores *0003 in. long. Gen . 5. LEPISTA, Smith. Seem. Journ. 1870. Fig 47. Spores (as well as the whole plant) dirty white ; pileus with an involute margin gradually increasing indefi- nitely ; stem continuous with the horny hymenophore ; gills fragile, persistent, decurrent, anastomosing behind or branching, membranaceous, entire, with a sharp edge, supported by a horny trama. (Eig. 47.) Hab. All the species are terrestrial. The character of the spores, the presence of a trama, and the habitat of the section of Lepista of Paxillus , as established by Pries, appear to me to be so important that I have given it a generic position. — W. G . S . 544. Lepista nuda. Bull. “ Amethyst Lepista.” Pileus fleshy, rather thin, convex, then expanded and de- pressed, obtuse, smooth , moist, changing colour ; margin indexed, thin, naked ; stem stuffed, elastic, equal, rather mealy ; gills rounded behind, or slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow, violet, stained when old with reddish-brown. — Bull. t. 439. Fr. Epicr . p. 48. Krombh.t. 71,/. 27-29. Price, f. 35. Paul. t. 78, f. 3. Berk. Outl. t. 4,/. 7. Eng. FI. Y.p. 20. In plantations, woods, &c., especially among pines. [United States.] Smaller than L.personata , and more brightly coloured. Pileus 2 in. broad, thin, obtuse, plane or sub-depressed, at first amethyst-coloured, but chang- ing to a pinky rufous, margin involute. Gills of the same colour as the pileus, rounded behind, sometimes adnate-decurrent, connected and traversed by veins. Stem 2 in. high, 3-4 lines thick, stuffed, sub-equal, at first fibrillose, at length nearly smooth, more or less of the colour of the pileus.— M. J. B . Spores dirty white, ’0002 X *00013 in. (Big* 47, reduced J AGARICINI. 193 545. Lepista cinerascens. Bull . “ Cinereous Lepista.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, even ; margin thin, naked, striate ; stem stuffed, elastic, sub-equal, smooth ; gills rounded behind, crowded, rather undulated, veined at the base, easily separating from the pileus, white, then reddish- grey, at length yellowish. — Bull.t . 428,/. 2. Fr. Epicr. p. 50. Ann.JST.II.no. 787. In woods. Aug. Csespitose. Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex, of a dirty pale ochre, slightly streaked with watery lines, firm but not brittle, clothed with very obscure matted down, flesh thin, white. Stem curved, slightly streaked, tinged like the pileus, paler above, and slightly pulverulent, solid, stringy. Gills moder- ately distant, at first attenuated behind, at length rounded and easily separ- ating, white, or very slightly ochraceous, stained like the pileus when old and bruised, very slightly anastomosing behind. Spores certainly not cinereous, but white. Smell rather disagreeable, pungent.— M.J. B. 546. Lepista personata. Fr. “ Purple-stemmed Lepista.” Pileus at first compact, then soft, convex, then plane, obtuse, even, smooth, moist ; margin at first involute, villoso-pruinose ; stem solid, blunt, somewhat bulbous, villous, stained with lilac ; gills rounded behind, then free, crowded, broad, dirty white. — Fr.Epicr. p. 48. BerJc. Outl. t. 5,/ 1. Smith. E.M. 18. Huss. ii. t. 40. FI. Dan. t. 1133. Goolce, B.F. t. 4=,f.l. Eng. FI. v. p. 19. Gard. Chron. (1861), p. 696,/^. Badh.i. t. 8,/. 1, ii. 1. 1,/. 2. In pastures. Common. Esculent. [United States.] Gregarious, frequently in large rings. Pileus 2-6 in. broad, fleshy, firm, pale bistre or purple lilac, occasionally violet, convex, obtuse, very smooth and shining as if oiled, but not viscid ; margin involute, pulverulento- tomentose : gills rounded, free, not distant, narrow in front, paler than the pileus, sometimes violet, turning to a dirty flesh colour, especially when bruised. Stem 1-3 in. high, } in. thick, firm, bulbous, solid, mottled within towards the apex with watery spots, clothed more or less with villous fibrils, tinged with violet. Odour rather overpowering, taste pleasant.— M. J. B. Spores *00024 X *00016 in. The three British species included in this new genus were formerly classed by Fries with the sub-genus Tricholoma , but removed by him, in his latest work, to Lepista, as a sub-genus of Paxillus. We have followed Mr. W G. Smith in his arrangement recently proposed in “ Seemann’s Journal of Botany,” but not without some hesitation, in separating Lepista from Paxillus , and giving it a generic position. — M. C . C. K 194 AGARICINI. Gen . 6. PAXILLUS, Fr. Gen. Hymen, p. 8, ex parte. Spores (as well as the whole plant) ferruginous ; pileus with an involute margin, and gradually increasing inde- finitely ; stem continuous with the hy- menophore ; gills tough, soft, per- sistent, decurrent, anastomosing behind, or branching, membranaceous, entire, with a sharp edge, separating from the horny or furrowed hymenophore ; trama absent. Hab. Some on the ground, others on trunks of trees, sawdust, &c. Fig. 48. (Fjg. 48.) 547. Paxillus involutes. Fr. “ Involute Paxillus.” Pileus compact, convexo-plane, then depressed, moist, becoming smooth, margin involute and tcmentose ; stem fleshy, solid, firm, naked, thickened upwards, paler ; gills branched, broad, porous and anastomosing behind, paler, besmeared and spotted. — Fr. Epicr. p. 317. Batsch. /. 61. Sgw. t. 98. Schccff. t. 72. Bull. t. 240, 576,/. 2. Krombh. t. 71,/. 24-26. Paul. t. 61? 62, 63, f. 1. Buxb. iv. t. 26. Schcefft . 71, var. Berk. Outl. 1. 12, /. 5. Ag. in- volute, Eng. FI. Y.p. 101. FI. Boruss. £.391. Vent. t. 42,/. 6-7. On the ground. Common. [United States.] Pileus 3-5 in. broad, wavy, tawny or yellow-ferrnginous when moist, slimy, uneven ; margin involute and downy, the extreme edge striate from the pressure of the gills ; flesh thick, firm, at first pale, changingto dirty umber on exposure to the air, as does every part of the plant when bruised, black when dried ; gills pale yellow ferruginous, wavy forked, decurrent, porifoim behind, easily separating from the pileus ; stem 2-3 in. high, ^-1 in. or more thick, blunt, sometimes attenuated below, tomentoso-squamulose, firm, solid. — M. J. B. Spores ‘00026 X *0002 in. ( Fig. 48, reduced .) • 548. Paxillus atro-tcmentcsus. Fr. “ Dark-downy Paxillus.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed or infundibuli- form, granulose, rivulose ; margin thin, involute ; stem between spongiose and solid, firm, velvety ; gills crowded, straight, branched behind. — Fr. Epicr. p. 317. Batsch. f. 32. Xees.f. 175. Paul. t. 33, f. 2-3. Ann. N.H. no. 697. On pine stumps. Wilts. AGAKICINI, 195 Stem solid, elastic, 2-3 in. long, £-1 in. thick, curved, ascending, rooting, clad with a dense, velvety, soft, blackish umber down ; pileus compact, ex- centric, 2-4 in. or more broad, dry, ferruginous ; gills adnate or decurrent, branched at the base and somewhat anastomosing, yellowish. 549. Paxillus paxmoides. Fr. “ Pale Paxillus.” Pileus fleshy, dimidiate, conchate, at length smooth, dirty yellow, elongated behind, sessile or stipitate ; gills decurrent, crowded, branched, crisped, yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 318. Buxb. ii. t. 49,/. 2. Sow* t. 403. Berk . Outl. t. 12,/. 6. Letell. t . 665. Eng . FI. v .p. 102. In cellars, on sawdust, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Pileus 1-4 in. broad, white, often tinged with violet, very soft to the touch in consequence of the fine-matted silky pubescence with which it is clothed, either perfectly sessile, or furnished with a spurious stem which is silky like the pileus and most beautifully tinged with violet ; gills variously anastomo- sing and wrinkled, yellow with abundant oval ferruginous spores. — M . J. B. Spores *00018 X *00013 in. Gen. 7. HYGEOFHOEUS, Fr. Epicr. p. 320. Spores white ; veil, when present, universal; stem confluent with thehy- menophore ; gills sharp-edged ; trama similar in substance to that of the pi- leus. (jFz/ 49.) Hab. On the ground, mostly late in the autumn, some in the summer. Most of the species are handsome and easily recognized. From Agaricus this genus differs by the manifest trama, the substance of which is similar to that of the pileus ; from Lactarius and Russula by the trama not being vesicular, but subfloccose, and intermixed with granules ; and from its nearest ally, Cantharellus , by the Fig. 49. sharp-edged gills. In Cortinarius , Paxillus , and Gomphidius , the spores are coloured, and the gills lose their colour. This genus is distinguished by the hymenophore being changed into a waxy mass, and at length detached from the trama. Many species are sapid and edible.— W. G. S. Sect. 1. Limacium. 550. Hygrophorus chzysodon. Fr. “ Yellow downy Hygrophorus.” White; pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, viscid, margin involute ; stem stuffed, subequal, squamulose (yellowish ), floccose above ; K 2 196 AGARICINI. gills rather thin, distant, at length crisped. — Fr. Epicr. 320. Batscli. f. 212. FI. Dan . t. Ann . N.H. no . 258. In woods. [S. Carolina.] Resembles closely, in many respects, H. eburneus , but is beautifully dis- tinguished by the golden yellow pubescence, which is sprinkled here and there over the plant, but principally on the stem and margin of the pileus. Sometimes the gills are elegantly edged with yellow flocci. Smell strong. 551. Hygiophorus ebuienus. Fr. “ Ivory Hygrophorus.” White ; pileus fleshy, even, smooth, margin entire ; stem stuffed, then hollow, unequal, punctate above with glandular scales ; gills firm, distant, straight. — Fr. Epicr. p. 321. Bull. t. 551, /. 2. Lenz. f. 8. Schcejf. t. 39. Buxb. iv. t. 30,/. 2. BerJc. Outl . t. 15,/. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 13. Price, f. 19. Krombh. t. 61,/. 11-14. In woods. Oct. Nov. Esculent. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 2-3 in. broad, shining when dry ; stem at length hollow, very various in stature, flexuous in elongated specimens. — Fries. Spores *00017 X .00022 in. 552. Hygrophorus cossus. Fr. “ Goat-moth Hygrophorus.” White ; pileus fleshy, even, smooth, viscid, inclining to yel- lowish, margin naked ; stem stuffed, subequal, furfuraceous above; gills thin, distant, straight. — Fr. Epicr. p. 321. Sow . t. 121. Eng. Fl.y.p. 13. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 40. Berk, exs.no. 2. In woods. Oct. Strong scented. Pileus 11 in. broad, pure white, slimy, shining when dry, stained here and there with yellowish, the disc sometimes snb-ocbraceous. Gills broad, thick, distant, adnato-decurrent, connected by veins, and themselves slightly veined. Spores white, elliptic. Stem 21 in high, 1-3 lines thick, nearly equal, here and there yellow when bruised. Smell like that of the larva of the goat-moth. — M. J. B. 553. Hygrophorus cerasinus. B. “Waxy Hygrophorus.” Pileus fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, pale umber, then grey, viscid, margin minutely tomentose ; stem white, solid, at- tenuated below, punctato-squamulose above ; gills broad, decur- rent, white, tinged with pink, sometimes forked, very distant. — Berk. Outl.p. 197. Eng. Fl.y.p. 12. In fir plantations. Oct. Rare. Winkbourn, Notts. Sub gregarious, sometimes three from the same root. Pileus 11 to 21 in. broad, pale umber, or ochraceous-bistre, inclining to grey when old, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, often more or less wavy, at length sometimes somewhat depressed, viscid, shining when dry; margin clothed with AGARICIN1. 197 minute white down, divided into little linear heaps by the pressure of the gills in the early stage of growth; gills broad, decurrent, white, with a slight tinge of ochre or flesh colour, thick, very distant, some of them forked. Stem 1-2 in. high, 2-6 lines thick, white, solid, generally attenuated below, punctato-squamulose above. Odour pleasant, like cherry laurel leaves.— M.J.B. 554. Hygrophorus aromaticus. B. “Aromatic Hygro- phorus.” Very tender; pilens fleshy, smooth, cinnamon, glutinous; stem stuffed, then hollow, reticulated ; gills pinkish, decurrent when young. — Berk. Outl.p. 198. Sow . t. 144. Eng. FI. v.p. 14. Smell agreeable, spicy. Not found since the time of Sowerby. Pileus 2-3^ in. broad, fleshy, generally covered with a thick glutinous skin, which becomes corrugated in drying, cinnamon, blackish, like the rest of the plant when bruised ; gills pinkish. Stem l|-3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, hollow, and pithy. Whole plant when fresh so tender that it is difficult to gather. Odour agreeable, spicy. Taste watery, with a peppermint-like coolness in the mouth, and a lasting roughness in the throat. — Sow. 555. Hygrophorus mesotephrus. B. ^ Br. “Brown-disc Hygrophorus,” Pileus convex, subhemispherical, hygrophanous, white, with a brown disc, striate, viscid, as well as the slender stuffed stem, which is floccoso-granulated above ; gills decurrent, pure white. — Ann. N.H. ser. ii. xiii. t. 15,/. 2. Berk. Outl.p. 198. In woods. Rare. Bowood. Pileus about 1 in. across, convex, subhemispherical, white, with the disc brown, viscid, striate, the extreme margin often remaining quite even; flesh white, hygrophanous ; stem about 2 in. high, 2 lines thick, flexuous, attenu- ated at the base, white, viscid, floccoso-granulated at the apex, stuffed with a fibrillose pith. Gills pure white, moderately broad, rather distant, ventri- cose, shortly decurrent. Spores ’00035 in. long. In age the lower part of the stem slightly stained. — B. & Br. 556. Hygrophorus arbustivus. Fr. “ Wood Hygrophorus.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, innato-virgate, becoming tawny ; stem solid, naked, equal, elastic, incurved, smooth, white, mealy above ; gills adnate, distant, thick, firm, white. — Fr.Epicr.'p. 323. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 932, 1013 . In woods, under birch, &c. Dec. Wiltshire. Pileus 2 in., brick-red or red-brown, margin paler. Stem H in. and up- wards. Gills scarcely decurrent. Odour and taste not unpleasant. 198 AGARICINI. 557. Hygrophoius hypothejus. Fr . “ Pine-wood Hygro- pborus.’ , Pileus fleshy, clothed with thin olive evanescent gluten, some- what virgate ; stem stuffed, equal, somewhat spotted, viscid ; gills distant, yellowish. — Fr. Fpicr. p. 324. Krombh.t. 72,/. 24-25. Sow. t. 8. A. 4' S. 1. 10, f. 3. Buxb. iv. t. 2. Eng. FI. v.p. 14. In pine woods, on sandy soil. Pileus 1-4 in. broad, fleshy, at first conic, obtuse, at length expanded, and depressed round the umbo or even infundibuliform , covered with a thick dark gluten, yellow towards the margin and beneath the gluten, the ex- treme margin turned in. Flesh yellow, deeper towards the margin. Gills adnato-decurrent, yellow, sometimes varying to a flesh-coloured tint, dis- tinct, distant. Stem l|-3 in. high, 2-9 lines thick, flexuous, stuffed above, fibrillose below, slimy, submaculate, yellow. Odour fungoid, rather dis- agreeable.— M.J.B. Spores -00049 X '00017 in. 558. Hygrophorus olivaceo-albus. Fr. “ Olive Hygro- phorus.” Pileus fleshy, even, clothed with evanescent olivaceous gluten, umbo brown ; stem solid, equal, at first with a floccose ring, spotted with dark scales, viscid, even above ; gills white. — Fr. Epicr. 324. Scliceff. t. 312. Eng. FI. v.p. 13. In woods and woodland pastures. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, at first conic, then expanded, and broadly umbonate, livid olive brown, varied with tints of yellow and umber, very viscid ; flesh thin on the margin, which is turned in, minutely downy, sometimes slightly grooved or striate. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, white, in decay green- ish yellow, sometimes ventricose, veiny. Spores white, elliptic with a dis- tinct border. Stem l|-2£ in. high, £-2 in. thick, generally curved, fibrous within, above granulato-fibrillose, pitted, covered with milky drops. Ring in general indistinct ; sometimes the margin of the viscid veil which clothes the rest of the stem, marking it with irregular dark blotches, is visible ; base of stem yellow. — M . J. B. Spores *00018 X ‘00027 in . Sect. 2. Camarophyllus. 559. Hygarophoarus lepoarinus. Fr. “Hare-coloured Hygro- phorus.” Pileus equally fleshy, convex, gibbous, equal, fibrilloso-floc- cose, opaque ; stem stuffed, short, firm, attenuated, fibrillose, pallid; gills decurrent, reddisb-grey. — Fr. Epicr. p. 326. Batt. Bt. 9. Scliceff. t. 313. Ann. N. H. no. 7 00. On downs. Sept. Durdham Downs. Kent. Stem rigid, 2 in. long. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, cuticle splitting into flocci, colour tawny, reddish yellow, &c. The spores have a pale umber tint, nearly globose, and about *0002 in. diameter. AGARICINI, 199 560. Hygrophorus pratensis. Fr. “ Pasture Hygrophorus.” Pileus convexo-plane, then turbinate, smooth, moist, disc com- pact, gibbous, margin thin ; stem stuffed, even, attenuated down- wards; gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, distant, thick. — Fr. Epicr. p. 327. FI. Dan. t. 1735,/. 1. Grev. t. 91. Krombh. t. 4:3, f. 7-10. Bull. t. 587,/. 1. Sow. 1 . 141. Bolt. t. 56. Huss.ii. t. 40. Enq . FI. v.p. 39. Gard. Chron. (1861), p. 289. Berk. exs. no. 123. On downs and short pastures. Aug. — Nov. Esculent. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, at length spreading towards the margin, but leaving the centre more or less convex, as if umbonate, glabrous, margin often cracked, frequently contracted or lobed, buffish-reddish, or brownish ; flesh whitish, thick in the centre, thin at the margin ; gills thick, distant, decur- rent, connected by veins, separable from the flesh of the pileus. Stem 1-2 in. high, 3-8 lines thick, whitish, attenuated towards the base.— Grev. Spores *00023 X *00015 in. 561. Hygrophorus virgineus. Fr. “ Satin-white Hygro- phorus.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, moist, at length areolato- rimose ; stem stuffed, firm, short, attenuated at the base ; gills decurrent, distant, rather thickened. — Fr. Epicr. p. 327. Grev. t. 166. Jacq. Misc . ii. 1. 15,/. 1. Sow. t. 32. Bull. t. 188. Batt. t. 19 ,H. Price.fAX. Batsch.f. 200. var. Eng. FI. v.p. 3d. Krombh. t. 25,/. 1-3. Smith, E.M.f. 23. On downs and short pastures. Common. Esculent. Pileus 1 in. or more broad, slightly viscid when moist, and shining as if oiled, with a satiny lustre when dry, white, sometimes with a tinge of yellow or pink, various in shape, sometimes umbonate, often quite plane or de- pressed, frequently obconic, margin more or less thin and transparent. Gills broad, distant, with very prominent connecting veins, adnato-decurrent, sometimes forked above. Stem 2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, under a lens fibrillose, sometimes pulverulento-squamulose at the apex, stuffed, the centre fibrous, at length more or less hollow, white, with sometimes a tinge of pink at the base. Taste like Marasmius oreades . — M.J.B. 562. Hygrophorus niveus. Fr. “ Snow-white Hygrophorus.” Tough. Pileus submembranaceous, campanulato-convex, then nmbilicate, smooth, moist, striate, viscid ; stem fistulose, thin, equal ; gills decurrent, thin, arcuate, distant. — Fr. Epicr. p. 327. Schceff. t. 232. Krombh. t. 25, /. 1-3. In mossy pastures. Common. Stem equal, 2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, even, smooth, straight. Pileus scarcely an inch broad, striate and viscid when moist, not rimose when dry. Flesh of the pileus thin, everywhere equal, white, hygrophanous. Gills dis- tant, thin, scarcely connected by veins, arcuate, quite entire. 200 AGARICINI. 563. Hygrophorus russo-coriaceus. B.tyMill. “Russian- leather Hygrophorus.” Sweet scented. Pileus very white, slightly viscid, convex, fleshy ; stem slender, smooth, solid ; gills broad, thick, arched, decurrent, very few, and distant. — Berk . Outl.p. 200. Ann . N.H. no. 332. In exposed pastures. Pare. Pileus about ^ in. broad, convex, fleshy, slightly viscid, ivory white. Stem f-1 in. high, not a line thick, incrassated upwards, smooth, solid, pure white; gills thick, broad arched, decurrent, very few and distant, with a few shorter ones intermixed. The whole plant exhales a strong musky smell like that of Russian leather. — M. J. B. 564. Hygrophorus distans. Berk . “ Distant-gilled Hygrophorus.” Pileus somewhat fleshy, plane or depressed, viscid, white, with a silky lustre, here and there stained with brown ; stem white above, cinereous below, and attenuated, not spotted ; gills few, very distant, subventricose, decurrent, pure white at first, then tinged with cinereous, interstices obscurely rugose. — Berk. Outl. p. 200, t. 13,/. 1 . Price./. 5. H. clivalis , Fr. Mon. Hym. ii. p. 134. In woods. Rare. About 2 in. across, often umbilicate, remarkable for the few and distant gills. 565. Hygrophorus ovinus. Fr. “ Sheep Hygrophorus.” Pileus fleshy, thin, conico-convex, then expanded, gibbous, viscid, then squamulose, brown ; stem slightly stuffed, smooth, somewhat shining, thickened at either end; gills arcuato-decur- rent, connected by veins, white, then dingy, edge thin. — Fr. Epicr. p. 328. Bull. t. 580. Huss. ii. t . 50. Ann. N.H. no. 262. A. com - pressus. Sow. t. 66. ? In pastures. Stem about 2 in. long, 3 lin. thick, sub-equal, or slightly thickened at either end, curved or twisted, compressed, smooth, pallid, or blackish-brown ; pileus 2 in. broad, at length revolute, undulate. Gills 3 lin. broad. 566. Hygrophorus Colemannianus. Blox. “Coleman’s Hygrophorus.” Pileus sub-carnose, umbonate, umber, turning pale except in the centre, even, striate when moist, and slightly viscid. Stem nearly equal, somewhat silky, whitish ; gills rather broad, of the AGARICINT 201 same colour as the pileus, distant, deeply decurrent, interstices yenoso -rugose. — BerJc. Outl.p. 200. Ann. N.H. wo. 701. Batsch. f. 215 ? In grassy pastures. Twy cross. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, at first sub-campanulate, at length expanded, strongly umbonate, reddish umber, paler when dry, except in the centre, when moist striate, and very obscurely viscid. Stem 1 in. or more high, 1-2 lines thick, brittle, fibrous, nearly equal, white, very slightly tinged with umber, some- what silky ; gills umber, but paler than the pileus, strongly decurrent, broad, distant, interstices strongly veined and rugose.— Spores *00025 X *0003 in. long, obovate. Sect. 3. Hygrocybe. 567. Hygrophorus laetus. Fr . “ Shining Hygrophorus.” Pileus thin, convexo-plane, nearly even, viscid, somewhat shining, tawny; stem tough, equal, tawny; gills sub- decurrent, thin, distant, paler. — Fr. Epicr. p. 330. Ann. N.H. no. 702. On open pastures. Stem hollow, 2-3 in. long, slender, 2 lin. thick, equal, tough, even, quite smooth. Pileus about an inch broad, slightly fleshy, margin membranaceous, obtuse, even, or slightly striate at the margin. Spores *0003 in. long, nearly globose. 568. Hygrophorus ceraceus. Fr. “ Wax-like Hygrophorus.” Brittle. Pileus thin, convexo-plane, obtuse, slightly striate, viscid, waxy, as well as the fistulose, unequal, shining stem ; gills adnate, sub-decurrent, distant, yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 330. Jacq. Coll. ii. 1. 15,/. 2. Sow. t. 20. Eng. FI. v.p. 40. In pastures. Common. [Cincinnati, United States.] Pileus 1 in. broad, convexo-plane, occasionally sub-umbonate, viscid, sub- carnose, margin sub-striate ; gills very broad (f of an inch), ventricose, con- nected by veins. Stem 2-3^ in. long, 2 lines or more thick, flexuous, equal, or slightly unequal, sometimes compressed , yellow, occasionally orange at the base. — M. J. B. Spores *00026 X *00018 in. 569. Hygrophorus coccineus. Fr. “ Carmine Hygrophorus.” Fragile. Pileus thin, convex, obtuse, viscid, scarlet, growing pale, smooth ; stem hollow, compressed, yellowish ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, connected by veins, variously shaded. — Fr. Epicr. p. 330. Schceff. t. 302. Bull . t. 570,/. 2, S. Y.X. Huss. i. t. 61. FI. Dan. t. 7, 5. Sow. t. 381 {partly). Batt. t. 19,j B. Eng. FI. v.p. 40. Price, f. 57. Vent. t. 52, f. 1-5. In open pastures. Sept. Oct. Common. k 5 202 AGARICINI. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, at first obtuse, conico-campanulate, at length in- verted, sometimes strongly umbonate, splitting from the centre, yellow, orange or scarlet, viscid when moist, when dry pallid, appearing to the eye fibrillose, but not really so, margin thin, more or less wavy. Gills broad, ventricose, wrinkled, thick, connected by veins, retaining their colour longer than the pileus, adnate, with a decurrent tooth in depressed specimens. Stem 1^ in. long, J in. thick, more or less hollow, sub-flexuous, smooth, though apparently sub-fibrillose, tough, but easily splitting. — M. J. B. Spores *00016 X *00027 in. 570. Hygrophorus miniatus. Fr . “ Vermilion Hygrophorus.*’ Fragile. Pileus thin, convex, thin, umbilicate, vermilion, soon dry, changing colour, opaque, and squamulose ; stem somewhat stuffed, equal, polished, scarlet ; gills adnate, distant, yellow, or yellowish vermilion. — Fr.Epicr.p. 330. FI. Dan. t. 1009,/. 2. Krombh. 1. 1,/. 29. Bull. t. 57 0, ( fig. 2 ( smaller figs). Eng. FI. v. p. 41. In moist places, on heaths, &c. July. Aug. Common. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, obtuse, even, moist but not viscid, turning pale; gills not decurrent nor connected by veins, distant, broad, plane, yellow, with a tinge of scarlet, or dull yellow; stem 2 in. high, 1 line thick, brittle, even, shining, at length hollow at the apex.— Fries. Spores *00023 X *00034 in. 571. Hygrophorus puniceus. Fr. “ Blood-red Hygrophorus.” Fragile; pileus fleshy, thin, campanulate, obtuse, repand, even, viscid, blood-scarlet, then becoming pale ; stem hollow, thick, ventricose, striate, white at the base ; gills adnexed, thick, distant, yellow. — Fr.Epicr. p. 331. FI. Dan. 883,/. 1. Bull, t. 202. Bolt. t. 67, f. 2. Paul. 1. 120,/. 1, 2, 6. Tourn. t. 327, f. A.B. Eng. FI. v. p. 40. In meadows. July — Aug. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, at first campanulate, then plano-convex, broadly and obtusely umbonate, even, undulated and lobed, irregular, wheu moist subviscid, blood- coloured, when dry the centre becoming pale ; gills ventri- cose, 2-4 lines broad, at length connected by veins, altogether adnate, but, because of the form of the pileus, appearing free, yellow, varying to whitish- yellow, and purplish at the base ; stem 3 in. long, ^-1 in. thick, attenuated at both ends, dry, striate, often squamulose at the apex, stuffed when young, then hollow, yellowish, or of the colour of the pileus. — Fries. 572. Hygrophorus obrusseus. Fr. “Golden Yellow Hygro- phorus.” Fragile, bright golden yellow ; pileus fleshy, thin, conico-convex, obtuse, flexuose, rather dry; stem hollow, sub-compressed, smooth, even ; gills adnate, ventricose, thick, distant. — Fr. Epicr.p. 331. Batt. t. 19, D. Bolt. t. 68. Ann. N.H.no. 798. In woods. Oct. Rare. Mossburnford. AGARICINI. 203 JRemarkable for its bright gold-coloured pileus, and adnate ventricose gills. — ”B. & Br. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, flexuous, sub-lobate; stem thick, ascending, com- pressed, 3 in. long, £ in. thick, or broader when compressed, sulphur-coloured, tawny at the base. 573. Hygarophoius conicus. Fr . l ' 1 Conical Hygrophorus.” Fragile; pileus submembranaceous, conical, acute, smooth, somewhat lobed, at length expanded, and rimose ; stem hollow, cylindrical, fibroso-striate; gills attenuated, free, ventricose, thin, rather crowded. — Fr. Epicr. p. 331. Schceff. t. 2. Sow. t. 381. Batsch. f. 28. Bull. t. 50, 524,/. 3. Fng . FI. v. p. 40. Smith. P.M.f. 2. In pastures. Common. [Low. and Mid. Carolina.] Pileus 1-2 inches high, acutely conic, variously waved and lobed, fibrillose, viscid when moist or young, juicy, turning black, as does the whole plant when broken or bruised, orange, yellow, scarlet, brown, dusky, &c., various colours often blended together; gills thick, fleshy, ventricose, attenuated be- hind, free or adnexed, yellowish with frequently a cinereous tinge ; stem 3-4 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, often splitting, fibrilloso-striate, coloured like the pileus.— M. J.B. Spores *0004 X *00025 in. (Fig. 4Q.) 574. Hygrophorus chloarophanus. Fr. “ Sulphury Hygro- phorus.” Fragile ; pileus submembranaceous, convex, obtuse, somewhat lobed, striate; stem hollow, equal, even, viscid; gills adnexed, ventricose, thin, rather distant, becoming whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 332. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 933. Krombh. t. 3,/. 6, 7. Amongst grass and moss. King’s Cliffe. Stem hollow, equal, rarely compressed, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lin. thick, smooth, viscid when moist, shining when dry, yellow; pileus about 1 in., usually bright sulphur-yellow, sometimes red, viscid ; gills emarginate, adnexed, with a small decurrent tooth. 575. Hygzoplioms psittacinus. Fr. “ Parrot Hygrophorus.” Pileus thin, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, somewhat striate, clothed with green evanescent gluten, as well as the hol- low, tough, even stem ; gills adnate, ventricose, thick, distant, greenish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 332. Schceff. t. 301. Grev. t. 74. Bull, t. 545,/. 1. Batt. t. 21, E. Sow. t. 82. Huss i. t. 41. Eng. FI. v. p. 39. Gard. Chron. 1860,^9. 240. Vent. t. 42, /. 1-3. In fields, &c. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Pileus 1 in. broad, conical, at length spreading, sometimes concave from the margin turning up, smooth, glutinous, green at first, partly changingto yellow of various intensity, often cracking; gills slightly adnate, bright 204 AGARICINI, yellow, often shaded with green, snh-distant, thick, broad in the centre ; stem 2-3 in. high, about 2 lines thick, hollow, splitting, green, yellow at the base, very slimy. - Grev. Spores *0002 X *00028 in, 576. Hygrophorus calyptraeformis. B. $ Br % “ Hood-like Hygrophorus.” Pilens thin, acutely conical, lobed below, minutely innato- fibrillose ; stem white, smooth, slightly striate, hollow ; gills rose-coloured, at length pallid, very narrow, acutely attenuated behind. — Berk. Outl p. 202. Mag. Zool . <}■ Bot. no. 63. Trans . Woolh. Cl. 1861, t. 21, /. 4-6. On the borders of woods and open pastures. Oct. Pileus acutely conic, lobed below, about 1 in. high, fin. broad at the base, in unexpanded specimens moist, striate under a lens, with innate, but raised fibrillse, rose-coloured, gradually turning pallid ; flesh rather thin ; gills rose-coloured, at length pallid like the pileus, very narrow, and often almost evanescent behind, though properly adnate, distinct ; stem 1 in. or more high, pure white, except within the pileus, where it has a slight roseate tinge, brittle, often splitting longitudinally, remarkably smooth, slightly striate, hollow, the walls fibrous within ; the young pileus has a great resem- blance to the internal bractoea of an artichoke just before expansion. — M. J. B. Spores *0001 X *00015 in. 577. Hygrophorus unguinosus. Fr. “ Dingy Hygrophorus.” Fragile. Pileus thin, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, even, clothed with dingy gluten, as well as the hollow, unequal, sub- compressed stem; gills adnate, ventricose, plane, thick, white, becoming glaucous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 332. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 62. In woods and pastures. Oct. Stem hollow, 2 in. long, 3 lin. thick, commonly attenuated towards either end ; pileus smooth or at length cracked, about 2 in. broad ; gills thick, dis- tant, connected by veins, broad. Inodorous. 578. Hygrophorus murinaceus. Fr. “ Mouse-coloured Hygro- phorus.” Fragile, strong scented. Pileus thin, campanulate, then ex- panded, irregular, viscid, soon dry, rimuloso-squamulose ; stem nearly hollow, unequal, sub-compressed, even; gills adnate, sece- ding, broad, distant, somewhat waved, white, then glaucous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 333. Bull. t. 520. Sow. 1. 106. Krombh. t. 72. Batt. t. 19,/. A. In pastures. Stem twisted, equal but compressed, fragile, 2-3 in. long, 3-5 lin. thick, polished, whitish ; pileus 2 in. broad, at first rather viscid, then squamulose, growing pale $ gills broadly emarginate, very broad, connected by veins. AGARICINX. 205 Gen. 8. GOMPHIDIUS, Fr. Epicr. p. 319. Spores large, greenish-grey, becoming black, fusiform (often spuriously uniseptate, according to Fries) ; veil universal, glut- inous, terminated on the stem by a floccose annulus ; pileus continuous with the stem, fleshy, convex, at length top-shaped ; stem with a floccose annulus, confluent with the hymeno- phore ; gills strongly decurrent, somewhat branched, soft, mu- cilaginous, often spreading in a continuous membrane. Hab. Growing on the ground, chiefly in pine woods, solitary, sub-persistent. ( Fig . 50.) Principally distinguished by the mucilaginous nature of the gills. Nearly allied to Cortinarius , but at once distinguished by the nature and colour of the spores, and from all the dark purple and black- spored Agarics by the compact pileus, etc. Properties unknown ; none edible. — W. G. S. 579. Gomphidius glutinosus. Fr. “Glutinous Gomphidius.” Pileus obtuse, glutinous, purplish-brown ; gills whitish, then cinereous, shortly adnexed ; trama none. — Fr. Epicr. p. 319. Sow.t.l. FI. Dan. 1 . 1247 . Schceff.t. 36. Letell. t. 647. Krombh. t. 4c. f. 3,4, t.62,f. 15-20. Eng. FI. v.p. 124. Corda. Sturm, t. 51. In fir woods. Pileus 2-5 in. broad ; gills truly branched ; stem 2-3 in. high, or more, £ in. thick, dirty white, the base thickened and yellow, sometimes adorned with black scales. — Fries . Spores *0006 X *00025 in. var. /3. sroseus. Smaller, base of stem and pileus rose-red. — Krombh. t. 63,/. 13-17. Saund $ Sm. t. 8. Eng. FI. v.p. 124. Spores larger than the typical form. ( Fig. 50, reduced.) 580. Gomphidius viscidus. Fr. “Viscid Gomphidius.” Pileus at length umbonate, viscid, brownish- red ; gills purplish- umber, truly branched; trama similar to the pileus. — Fr. Epicr. j?.319. Schceff. t. 55. Letell . t. 603. Krombh. t . 4,/. 5-7. Pers. Ic. Desc. t. 13,/. 1-3. Sow. 1 . 105. Ag. rutilus , Eng. FI. v.p. 124. Fig. 50. 206 AGARICINX Under Scotch firs. Aug. — Oct. [Low. Carolina.] Pileus 2-3 in. broad, top-shaped, umbonate, yellow in the centre, the margin liver-coloured, shining ; gills decurrent, somewhat branched, firm, elastic, thick, entire, purple-brown, the shorter connected with the longer ; spores dark, fusiform. Stem 2-3 in. high, ^-f in. thick, rhubarb-coloured without and within, fibrillose, attenuated below, firm, solid, slimy from the remains of the veil, which form an obsolete filamentous ring. — M. J. B. Spores •00063 X ‘00025 in. 581. Gomphidius stillatus. Strauss* ^lender Gomphidius.” Pilens conico-hemispherical, clothed with dingy gluten, at length spotted with black; gills of a watery, dingy white, forked; stem slender, sprinkled with minute scales above, virgate below. Str. Sturm, t. 2. G. gracilis , Berk. Outl. 1. 12,/. 7. Ann. N.U. no. 698. In fir woods. Llanberris. Lea. Pileus 1 in. across, conico-subhemispherical, of a pale vinous brown, when dry clothed with dirty fuliginous slime, which dries, especially round the margin, into black spots, or forms a narrow, irregular black border. Stem 2 in. high, 1| line thick, flexuous, pale, especially above, where it is sprinkled with minute white scales, virgate below, with the remains of the slime, yel- low at the base ; gills arched, decurrent, forked, thick, obtuse, clothed under a lens with short tomentose hairs, of a washy bistre. Spores oblong, elliptic, *0009 in. long, *0003 in. wide, with a nucleus at either end. Distinguished from every other species by its slender stem and delicate habit . — M. J. B. Gen. 9. laiiCTARiuS, Fr. Epicr. p. 333. Spores white or very pale yellow, generally echinulate ; veil none, but in some species the margin of pileus is bearded or pubescent ; pileus fleshy, of a floccose or vesiculose (not fibrous) texture, at length depressed in the middle, margin at first involute ; stem fleshy, not co rticate, often hollow when old, confluent with the hymenophore; gills milky, in nearly all the species at first white, often changing to sul- phur colour, red, or violet on exposure to the air, subdecurrent, unequal, with an acute edge ; trama subvesiculose. Hab. All grow on the ground. (Fig. 51 J The species are easily recognised by the milky gills. The genus is nearly allied to Russula , but easily distinguished by its milky juice. They vary greatly in taste, being mild, aromatic, bitter, or acrid and burning. Lactarius there- fore includes delicate and excessively poisonous species. Fig. 51. AGAR1CINI. 207 A. Piperites — milk at first white, acrid. Sect . 1. Torminosi. 582. Lactarius torminosus. Fr. “ Woolly Lactarius. ” Pileus fleshy, depressed, subzonate, pallid ; stem stuffed, soon hollow, equal (rarely spotted), pallid ; margin involute, bearded ; gills thin, whitish, milk persistently white, acrid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 334. Schceff. t. 12. FI. Dan. t. 1068. Fr. Fung. Esc. t. 38. Krombh. t. 13,/. 15-23. Bull. t. 529,/. 2. Smith. P.M.f. 11. Sow. 1 . 1 03. Eng . FI. Y.p. 24. Barla. t. 18,/. 7-10. Vent. t. 30,/. 2. In woods, fields, &c. June — Oct. Local. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 2-5 in. broad, smooth, or nearly so, except the involute margin, which is most copiously shaggy, depressed, more or less zoned, of a beauti- ful ochre or strawberry colour, at first viscid, milk white, very acrid, not changeable ; gills rather narrow, nearly of the same colour as the pileus, but yellower and paler, slightly forked ; stem l|-2 in. long, ^ in. thick, some- times shining, obtuse, paler than the pileus, at length hollow, clothed with minute adpressed down. Very acrid. — M.J.B. Spores echinulate, *00035 X *00025 in. 583. Lactarius cilicioides. Fr. “ Tom entose Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, soft, depressed, tomentose, not zoned, turning pallid ; margin fibrillose or woolly ; stem stuffed, even, pruinose, silky, spotless, pallid ; gills crowded, branched, white, then yel- lowish, as well as the milk. — Fr. Epicr. p. 334. Schceff. t. 228. (Krombh. t. 40,/. 17-19 ?) Eng. FI. v. p. 24. In pine woods. Rare. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, depressed, margin rounded, involute, reddish -buff, sometimes glutinous, very downy, becoming fibrillose at the margin ; gills yellowish, irregular and often branching, apparently decurrent from the ex- pansion of the stripes injgy the substance of the pileus. Flesh yellowish white, darker towards the surface. Stem about 2 in. high, nearly 1 in. thick, dingy white, yellow or brown. There is no juice, but a considerable moisture on the surface of the pileus, which seems to originate from the plant. — Grev . 584. Lactarius turpis. Fr. “ Dirty Lactarius. ” Pileus compact, plane, olivaceous-umber, zoneless ; margin at first yellowish-downy; stem stuffed, short, viscid, attenuated downwards, olivaceous ; gills thin, pallid ; milk white, acrid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 335. FI. Dan . 1. 1913. Krombh. t. 69,/. 1-6. Ann. N.H.no. 703. In fir woods. Coed Coch. East Bergholt. [Mid. Carolina.] 208 AGARICISri. Growing to a large size, and remarkable for its yellow, olive, or umber bue. Stem l|-3 in. long, f-1 in. and more thick, viscid or dry, not spotted, pale or dark olive, apex becoming ochraceous. Pileus fleshy, rigid, olive, verging on umber ; margin at first involute and villous, with a yellowish olive down, then more or less expanded, at length closely sulcate. 585. Lactarius contro versus. Pers. “ Stained Lactarius.” Pileus compact, rather fragile, umbilicate, infundibuliform, floceose, then smooth, viscid, variegated with blood-red spots ; margin at first involute, villous ; stem solid, blunt, unequal ; gills thin, much crowded, simple, flesh-coloured ; milk white, acrid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 335. Vitt. Mang. t. 27. Fr. Fung . Esc. t. 39. Trans . Woolhope Club, 1868, p. 245, plate. Bull. t. 538. Batsch. f. 201. Paul. t. 68, / 1. Veni.t. 51. Barla. 1. 18,/*. 1, 2 ? Under poplars. Abergavenny. Breinton, etc. Stem stout, swollen, 1-2 in. long, sometimes excentric, pruinose at the top, never marked with pits or depressions j gills decurrent, with an obscure tooth ; pileus fleshy, compact, rigid, convex, then depressed and subinfundi- buliform ; at first dry, but after rain viscid in all its parts ; margin at first involute and villous ; stem and pileus more or less covered with blood-red spots and smears ; flesh very firm, like L.piperatus. Fr. Milk very acrid, white, plentiful ; odour faint, but pleasant ; taste exceedingly acrid. <{ Feels and looks soapy/’ Spores echinulate, *0003 X *00025 in.— TF. G. S. 586. Lactarius pubescens. Schrad. “ Pubescent Lactarius. ” Pileus fleshy, firm, plano-umbilicate, whitish, disc glabrous, shining ; margin whitish-fibrillose (or tomentose) ; stem stuffed, then hollow, very short, attenuated downwards ; gills somewhat crowded, flesh-coloured; milk acrid, white. — Schrad. Spic.p. 122. var. margme-tomentoso. B. §Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1015. Krornbh. 1. 13,/. 1-12. In pastures. Aug. Aboyne. Pileus 2 in. across, depressed, clothed with fine matted down ; margin in- volute, tomentose ; flesh firm ; stem nearly equal, 1^ in. high, about 5 lines thick, smooth, pale flesh-coloured ; gills thin, scarcely branched ; milk ex- tremely acrid, white, not changeable ; odour pungent. — B. Br . Sect. 2. Limacini. 587. Xiactarius insulsus. Fr. “Unsavoury lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, viscid, some- what zoned, yellowish, margin naked ; stem stuffed, then hol- low, firm, pallid ; gills crowded, forked, pallid ; milk white, acrid. — Fr.Epicr.p. 336. Krornbh. t. 12,/. 1-6. Huss.i.t. 59. Berlc. Outl. 1. 13,/. 2. Gard . Chron. 1860,^. 752. AGARICINI. 209 In woods and on their borders. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Stem 1| in. long, 1 in. thick, rarely protracted to 3 in. and then equal. Pileus 3-4 in. broad, zoned, chiefly about the margin, smooth, yellowish brick red, viscid, cuticle slightly separating, margin naked. Flesh firm, pallid ; gills decurrent, forked at the base, whitish, becoming pallid. 588. Lactarius zonarius. Fr. “Zoned Lactarius.” Pileus compact, umbilicate, even, viscid, with yellowish zones ; margin involute, naked ; stem solid, short, elastic, even, yel- lowish ; gills crowded, thin, whitish ; milk white, acrid, un- changeable. — Fr. Epicr.p . 336. Bull. 1. 104. Vaill. 1. 12, /. 7. Eng. FI. v.p. 25. Vent. t. 34,/. 4-5. On the borders of woods. Aug. — Oct. Rare. [Cincinnati, U.S.] Pileus 2-3 in. broad, nearly plane, rufescent from cinereous with brown zones, milk at first white. Stem 1^ in. high, pale. — Fries . Spores minutely echinulate, almost globular, diameter ’00027 in. ( Fig. 51, reduced.) 589. Xiactarius blennius. Fr. “ Slimy Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, depressed, glutinous, often concentrically gut- tate, greenish-grey ; margin from the first slightly pubescent ; stem stuffed, then hollow, viscid, of the same colour ; gills crowded, white, as well as the acrid milk. — Fr. Epicr. p. 337. Krornb. t. 69,/. 7-9. Krapf. t. 4,/. 11, 13. Sterb . t. 5, E. FI. Dan. 1. 1961,/. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 26. Berk, exs.no. 3. In woods. Common. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, fleshy, rarely subzonate, convex, the margin gene- rally involute and adpresso-tomentose, at length more or less depressed, dull cinereous green, at first viscid ; more or less pitted. Milk white, not changeable ; gills rather narrow, pale ochraceous, scarcely forked, not con- nected by veins. Stem 1 in. long, in. thick, paler than the pileus, atten- uated downwards, obtuse, smooth, at length hollow, sometimes pitted ; very acrid. — M. J. B. Spores sparingly echinulate, *0002 X *0003 in. 590. Iiactarius hysginus. Fr. “ Reddish viscid Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, rigid, umbilicate, even, viscid, fleshy-red, grow- ing pale; margin thin, inflexed; stem stuffed, then hollow, smooth, rather spotted ; gills crowded, white, as well as the acrid milk. — Fr. Epicr.p. 337. Krombh . 1. 14,/. 15, 16. Eng. FI. v.p. 26. In woods. Aug. — Oct. Pileus 4-5 in. broad, pinky or brownish- white, viscid; gills white, yel- lowish with age ; stem 3-4 in. high, \ in. thick, solid (then hollow), white, with a pinky tinge ; juice dilutely milky, very acrid. — With. AGARICINL 210 591. Lactarius trivialis. Fr. “ Large lurid Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, depressed, viscid, zoneless, lurid, becoming pale, cuticle inflexed at the margin ; stem hollow, stout ; gills thin, crowded, white, as well as the acrid milk. — Fr. Epicr . p. 337. Krombh. t. 14,/. 17-18. Ann.N .77. wo. 934. In pine woods. Sept. Stem 1-6 in. long, 1 in. or more thick, paler than the pileus, smooth, un- spotted. Pileus 4-7 in. broad, depressed, at length funnel-shaped. Margin at first involute, then expanded, dark lurid, becoming pale, or flesh-coloured tan. Flesh white. Gills sub-decurrent, 2-4 lin. broad, rather thin, whitish becoming pallid. 592. Lactarius circellatus. Fr. “ Dingy-zoned Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, repand, viscid, zoned with ferruginous, disc from the first umbilicate, darker ; stem solid, firm, attenuated downwards ; gills crowded, whitish; milk white, acrid. — Fr. Epicr. p . 338. Batt. 1. 13, 1). Sow. t. 203. In woods. Rare. Stem 1^-2 in. long, | in. and more thick, even, smooth, growing pale. Pileus depressed-convex, then expanded and depressed in the centre, 2-3 in. broad, when young and moist viscid, rufous-brown, variegated with darker zones. Gills horizontal, with a subdecurrent tooth, very thin and crowded, narrow. 593. Lactarius uvidus. Fr. “ Moist Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then depressed, zoneless, viscid, dingy ; margin at first involute, naked ; stem soon hollow, viscid, pallid ; gills thin, crowded, white, when wounded becoming lilac ; milk white, then lilac. — Fr. Epicr. p. 338. Batsch. f. 202. Eng. Fl.v.p. 25. Krombh. t. 57,/. 14-16. In woods. July — Sept, Pileus 2-2£ in. broad, fleshy, depressed, sometimes obsoletely zoned, viscid, pale, dirty rufescent, or cinereous with a shade of lilac, speckled with small watery spots, which originate beneath the epidermis ; gills paler, adnato- decurrent, the shorter ones very obtuse, and truncate behind, connected by veins ; milk white, acrid ; stem 2 in. high, ^ in. thick, spongy, at length hollow, marked with little longitudinal pits, strigose at the base, the whole plant white when cut, turning to a beautiful lilac. — M. J. B. Sect . 3. Piper ati — pileus dry. 594. Lactarius pyrogalus. Fr. “ Pear- scented Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, plane, then depressed, subzonate, smooth, even, rather moist, livid, cinereous ; stem stuffed, then hollow, pallid, attenuated downwards; gills thin, rather distant, yellowish; AGARICINI. 211 milk very acrid, copious, white. — Fr . Epicr.p. 339. Bull. t. 529, /. 1. Krombh . t. 14,/. 1-9. Paul t. 72,/. 1-2 ? Larbr. 1. 18,/. 3. Eng. Fl.v.p. 29. Smith. P.M.f. 18. Ann. N.H. no. 798 *. In woods and meadows . Aug. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, firm, at length dirty yellowish, in shady places almost zoneless. Milk abundant, extremely acrid. Stem in. long, 3-5 lines thick, stuffed, soon hollow, often attenuated, smooth or scrobiculate. — Fries. Spores sparingly echinulate, white, or with a suggestion of ochre, almost globular, *0J026 in. diameter. — W. G. S. 595. Siactasrius plumbeus. Fr. “ Lead-coloured Lactarius.” Pileus compact, convex, at length infundibuliform, dry, un- polished, dingy, then blackish brown ; stem solid, equal, blunt; gills crowded, white then yellowish ; milk acrid, white, unchange- able.— Fr.Epicr. p. 339. Bull. t. 282, 559,/. 2. Krapf. t. 4,/. 1-3. Sow. t. 245. Eng. FI. v.p. 29. Barla. t. 21,/. 1-5. In woods. Pare. Pileus 3-5 in. broad, large, convex, becoming depressed, firm, never zoned or glutinous; margin mostly involute, dark, fuliginous-grey or brown; flesh compact, white ; gills numerous, yellowish, varying with different shades ; stem 2-3 in. high, firm, thick, brownish, or dingy-olive.— Grev. 596. Ziactarius aesris. Fr. i{ 1 Acrid Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, irregular, at length infundibuliform, viscid, dusky cinereous ; stem stuffed, then hollow, somewhat excentric, pallid, attenuated downwards ; gills rather crowded, pallid, yellow, turning red; milk acrid, white, then reddish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 342. Bolt. t. 60. Batsch. f. 68. Batt . t. 13, E. Eng. FI. v. p. 25. Smith. P.M.f. 28. In woods. Aug. — Nov. Pare. [S. Carolina.] Gills distant ; pileus almost black, extremely acrid and bitter. — W. G. S. Pileus almost always excentric, emarginate, unequal, livid brown ; gills rather distant ; stem attenuated downwards, short, pallid ; milk extremely acrid, dirty white, then rose-coloured, then yellowish, seldom unchangeable. — Fries. Spores echinulate, yellow, *00026 X *00034 in. 597. Xaactaarius chzysoizhaeus. Fr. 11 Yellow-juiced Lactarius.” Pileus rather fleshy, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, yellow- ish flesh-coloured, marked with darker zones or spots; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, even, white ; gills decurrent, thin, crowded, yellowish ; milk white, then golden yellow, very acrid. — Fr.Epicr. p. 342. Price,/. 71. Bolt. t. 144. Krombh. t . 12, /. 7-14. Ann. N.H. no. 705. A. theiogalus , Eng . FI. v. p. 28. In woods. Common. [United States.] 212 AGARICINI. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, buff, sometimes slightly tinged with tawny, at first hemispherical, dimpled, at length depressed, more or less zoned; margin wavy, involute, and minutely downy when young ; flesh firm, crisp ; gills very slightly decurrent, connected by veins, distant, by no means rigid, salmon-coloured, slightly forked, about as broad as the flesh of the pileus ; milk white, rather acrid, with a peculiar taste, changing instantly on expo- sure to a delicate but beautiful yellow ; sternly in. high, ^-1 in. thick, at first nearly white obese, paler than the pileus, downy at the base, more or less hollow.— M. J . B. 598. Lactarius pipexatus. Fr. “ Peppery Lactarius.” White. Pileus compact, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, rather regular, not zoned, even, smooth ; stem solid, thick, very short, white ; gills decurrent, arcuate, crowded, narrow, dichoto- mous, white ; milk copious, acrid, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 340. FI. Dan. t. 1132. Krombh. t. 56,/. 1-4. Bull, t . 200. Paul. t. 68,/. 3-4. Smith. P.M. /. 15. Eng . FI. v. p. 30. Barla. t. 22, f. 1-5. Berk. exs. no. 61. In woods. July — Sept. Common. Poisonous. [United States.] Pileus 3-7 in. broad, slightly rugulose, quite smooth, white, a little clouded with yellow or stained with umber where scratched or bruised, convex, more or less depressed, often quite infundibuliform, more or less waved, fleshy, thick, firm but brittle ; margin involute at first, sometimes exoentric ; milk white, hot ; gills generally very narrow, J g in. broad, but sometimes much broader, cream-coloured, repeatedly dichotomous, very close ‘ ‘ like the teeth of an ivory comb,” decurrent from the shape of the pileus, when bruised changing to umber ; stem 1-3 in. high, 1^-2 in. thick, often compressed, minutely pruinose, solid but spongy within, the substance breaking up into transverse cavities. — M. J. B. Spores not echinulate, generally with an api- culus, '0002 X *00024 in. 599. Lactarius vellereus. Fr. “ Woolly- white Lactarius.” White. Pileus compact, umbilicate or convex, tomentose, zoneless ; margin reflexed ; stem solid, blunt, pubescent ; gills distant, arcuate, whitish ; milk scanty, acrid, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 340. Krombh. t. hi , f. 10-13. Sow. t. 204. Bull. t. 538, /. G.H.N . Schceff. t. 225. Eng. Fl.v. p. 31. Barla. t. 22, f. 6-8. Berk. exs. no. 122. In woods. Common. [Cincinnati, United States.] Pileus 4-7 in. broad, more or less infundibuliform, the whole surface mi- nutely but densely tomentose, white, firm, fleshy ; margin at first involute ; milk white, acrid ; gills white, narrow (occasionally broad and brittle), dis- tant forked, connected by veins, at length slightly buff or yellowish, rufes- cent after being bruised ; stem 1 in. high, 2 in. thick, blunt, rather less downy than the pileus, solid. — M. J. B. Spores hardly echinulate, *00019 X *00034 in. var. exsuccus Otto, is a very different looking plant from L. vellereus , Fr. ; it is destitute of milk, and is like a Tricholoma or AGARICIKT. 213 Clitocybe , not rigid as in L. vellereus , Fr. The gills are pale lemon colour with a shade of green ; stem short ; spores covered with spines almost globular, *00035 in. diameter. — W. G. S . B. Dapetes — Stem central ; gills naked and milk aromatic, at first acrid, then mild ; gills becoming pallid. 600- Lactarius deliciosus. Fr. “ Delicious Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, umbilicate, viscid, zoned, smooth, rufous-orange, growing pale ; margin smooth ; stem stuffed, then hollow, rather spotted; gills and milk at first saffron-red, then greenish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 341. FI. Dan. t. 1151. Sckceff.t. 11. Krombh.t. 11. Lenz.f. 9. Letell t. 633. Vitt. Many. t. 42. CooJce B.F. t. 13. Sow. t. 202. Huss. i. t. 67. Smith E.M.f. 11. Eng. FI. v. p. 26. Vent. t. 29,/. 3-4, t. 30, /. 1. Hogg fy Johnst . t. 5. Trans. Woolh. Cl. 1867, t. 11. Badh.i. t. 6,/2-ii. t. 5,/. 4. Barla. t. 19. In fir woods. Sept. Oct. Esculent. [United States.] Gregarious, sometimes subcsespitose. Pileus 4 in. or more broad, zoned, orange rufous, dull, as if there were the remains of a minute, very closely pressed, dirty white web; hemispherical when young, in which state the margin is decidedly involute and tomentose, at length expanded, depressed, fleshy. The whole plant abounding with orange milk, and when bruised or old, stained with green ; gills decurrent, from the first of the same colour as the pileus, forked at the base, rather broad and distant; stem 3 in. high, curved, stuffed, more or less hollow, scrobiculate, strigose at the base. Odour and taste agreeable, but slightly acrid. — M. J. B. Spores echinulate, almost round, *00025 in. diameter. C Bussulares — Gills discoloured, milk at first white. Sect. 1. Pileus at first viscid. 601. Lactarius pallidus. Fr. “ Pallid Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, obtuse, depressed, smooth, viscid, zoneless, pallid ; stem stuffed, then hollow, pruinose, white, then pallid ; milk sweet, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 343. Krombh. t. 56,/. 10-14. Paul . t. 80 ? Ann. N.H. no. 705. Saund. fy Sm. 1. 16. In woods. Bowood. [Mid. Carolina.] Stem 2 in. and more long, f in. thick, even, smooth. Pileus 3-6 in. broad, pallid, pmMsh, p a le clay-coloured, or tan-coloured. Margin broadly, and for a long time involute. Mesh pallid. Gills subdecurrent, arcuate, broad (1^- 2 lin.), rather thin, crowded, somewhat branched, whitish, at length of the colour of the pileus. Spores echinulate, almost round, diameter *0003 in. 214 AGARICINI. 602. Lactaarms quietus. Fr. “ Mild reddish Lactarius.” Pilens fleshy, depressed, obtuse, viscid at first, soon dry, grow- ing pale, somewhat zoned, opaque, rufescent ; stem stufled, smooth, of the same colour; gills white, then reddish; milk mild, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 343. Kromb. t. 40, /. 1-9. Eng. FI. v. p. 27. In woods. Sept. — Nov. Pileus 2 in. or more broad, opaque, rufescent, often slightly zoned, at first deep liver-coloured, obtuse, at length depressed, smooth ; the margin in- curved, and delicately downy ; flesh firm, thick ; milk white, but sometimes of a decided pale yellow ; gills pale rufescent, gradually becoming darker, decurrent, forked at the base, rather numerous, and narrow ; stem 2 in. long, in. thick, thickest upwards, of the same texture and colour as the pileus ; flesh firm, bearing a strong pressure without breaking, when old less firm, but not hollow. Mild ; odour oily and somewhat like that of bugs. — M. J.B. Spores papillose, ’00034 X 00024 in. 603. I^actazms tlieiogalus. Fr. “ Sulphur- juiced Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, convex, then depressed, viscid, smooth, reddish- tawny; stem stuffed, even, of the same colour; gills thin, crowded, reddish-yellow ; milk white, then sulphur-coloured, at length acrid. — Fr. Epicr.p . 342. Bull. t. 567,/. 2. Krombh. 1. 2, /. 23, 24. Bolt. t. 9. Paul. £.71. Ann. N.H.no.lQk. Barla. t. 20,/. 14-16. Smith. P.M. /. 20. In woods. [United States.] Stem 1-2 in. long, 2-4 lin. thick, even, of the same colour as the pileus. Pileus H-2 h in. broad. Margin more or less thin, viscid, shining when dry, reddish -tawny. Gills adnato-decurrent, about 1 lin. broad, thm, crowded. The milk does not assume so bright a yellow tint as in L . chrysorrhceus . 604fc. Isactazms cyathula. Fr. “ Cup-like Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, umbonate, at length depressed, zoned, viscid, flesh-coloured, when dry rivulose, pallid, opaque ; stem stuffed, equal, pallid ; gills linear, narrow, crowded, white, then yellowish-flesh colour ; milk acrid, white, unchangeable. — Syst. Myc.p . 66. B. fy Br. Ann. N. Hist. 1865, no. 1016. Krapf. t. 8,/. 8, 9. In woods. Aug. Aboyne. Pileus plnne, at length depressed or infundibuliform, 1^-2 in. across, opaque, slightly viscid, obtuse or obscurely umbonate, somewhat zoned, of a pallid flesh colour ; stem spongy, stufled, l|-2 in. high, £ in. thick, nearly equal, at length compressed, shining, with a silky aspect; gills narrow, crowded, of a yellowish-flesh colour, sub-decurrent; milk white, not change- able, at length acrid ; smell somewhat like that of bugs. — B. &Br. AGAR1CINI. 215 Sect. 2. Pileus dry. 605. Lactaxius xufus. Fr. “ Red Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, umbonate, at length infundibuliform, dry, floc- culose, then becoming smooth, shining, zoneless, dark-rufous ; stem stuffed, rufescent; gills crowded, ochraceous then rufous, milk white, very acrid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 347. Lenz.f. 11. Krombh. t. 39,/. 12-15. Paul. t. 69, bis. Huss. i. 1. 15. Eng. FI. v .p. 28. Smith. P.M. f. 12. In fir woods. Sept. Pileus 3 in. broad, plano-convex, slightly or strongly umbonate, with a depression round the umbo as the plant advances, deep rufescent, adpresso- tomentose, the margin slightly turned in and sub-striate, fleshy, firm, not very brittle nor zoned; milk white, insupportably acrid, not changeable; gills at first pale, then slightly rufescent, decurrent, here and there forked. Stem 2^ in. high, \ in. thick, nearly equal, obtuse, firm, bearing a strong pressure, rufescent, but hoary or mealy, turning brown when bruised, some- what stuffed, at length partly hollow, base downy. — M. J. B. Spores scarcely echinulate, almost round, diameter *00024 in. 606. Xiactaxius glyciosmus. Fr. “ Scented Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, dry, squamulose, lurid, opaque ; stem stuffed, thin, pubescent, pallid ; gills crowded, yellowish-ochre; milk acrid, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 348. Eng. FI. v. p. 29. Krombh. t. 39,/. 16-18. In fir woods. Sept. Oct. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, more or less plane, often umbonate, various in colour, lurid-brown, brick-red, flesh-colour, or rufous, known by its peculiar scent, brittle. Gills narrow, opaque, pale when young ; milk white, at length acrid. Stem 1£ in. long, 3-4 lines broad. — Eng. FI. 607. Lactaxius sexiflims. Fr. “ Thin-juiced Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, plane, then depressed, sub-flexuose, dry, smooth, zoneless, brownish-tawny ; margin indexed ; stem solid, equal, rather incurved, paler, turning yellowish, as well as the crowded gills; milk sparing, colour of serum. — Fr. Epicr.p. 345. Krombh. t. 40,/. 15,16. Berk. Outl. 1. 13,/. 4. In woods. Common. Milk of a watery white* Sect. 3. Pileus at first velvety. 608. Ziactaxms fuliginosus. Fr. “ Dingy Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, soft, depressed, obtuse, very dry, zoneless, at first clouded with a dingy bloom, then naked, cinereous tan-coloured; 216 AGARICINI. stem stuffed, spongy, of the same colour; gills crowded, tan- coloured, flesh and milk acrid, white, then saffron coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 348. Krombh. 1 . 14 10-12. Bull . t. 567,/. 3. Eng . FL y.^.29. Barla.t. 21, f. 6, 7. In woods. Aug. — Nov. Common. [Low. Carolina.] Pileus 1-3 in. broad, not viscid, minutely pitted, plane, slightly depressed, of a dull grey buff, or umber, with a minute bloom ; not zoned ; margin not the least involute ; flesh when cut soon changing to salmon colour ; milk white, not changeable ; gills slightly forked at the base, not connected by veins, ochraceous, sub-decurrent, mealy with the yellow spores, which are round and echinulate ; stem 1^-3 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, solid, but the inner substance less dense, obese, much paler than the pileus, with a minute bloom. The colour of the pileus is exactly that of coffee and milk. — M. J. B. Spores yellow, echinulate, almost globular, diameter ‘00028 in. Sect . 4. Pileus smooth, polished. 609. Lactarius volemum. Fr. “ Orange-brown Lactarius.” Pileus compact, rigid, plane, then depressed, obtuse, dry, golden tawny, at length rimoso-rivulose ; stem solid, hard, blunt, pruinose ; gills crowded, white, then yellowish ; milk copious, sweet, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 344. Letell. t. 624. Lenz. t. 3,/. 12. Huss.i. t. 87. Eng. Fl. v.p. 27. Krombh. t. 39,/. 1-4. Barla. t.20,f. 1-3. Smith . E.M.f. 26. In woods. King’s Cliffe. Esculent. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 4 in. broad, flesh thickish, moderately firm, obtuse, minutely um- bonate, though the umbo at length vanishes, subdepressed, sometimes very faintly zoned, with a few minute wrinkles towards the margin, dry, at length cracked, of a rich orange brown, darker in the centre, the whole rather dull than shining ; margin not the least involute, though when young the edge of the pileus is regularly incurved ; milk-white, abundant, quite mild ; gills pale ochraceous, becoming fuscous on being touched, not very close, scarcely decurrent, even in depressed specimens, sometimes slightly forked ; stem 3^ in. high, above 1 in. thick, obese, minutely attenuated downwards, sculp- tured longitudinally, paler than the centre of the pileus, spongy in the centre, outer flesh reddish. — M. J. B. 610. Lactarius mitissimus. Fr. “Mild Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then depressed, papillate, dry, zone- less, even, orange ; stem stuffed, then hollow, smooth, of the same colour; gills crowded, paler; milk white. — Fr. Epicr.p . 345. Krombh. t. 39,/. 19, 20. Ann.N.H. no. 799. In woods and hedgebanks. Stem 1-3 in. long, 3 -| lin. thick, even, smooth. Pileus thin, rather rigid, depressed, with evanescent papillae, 1-3 in. broad, brightly coloured. Flesh pallid ; gills adnato-decurrent, at first somewhat arcuate, then straight, thin, crowded, 1-1| lin. or more broad. AGAKICINI. 217 611. Xiactarius subdulcis. Fr. " Sweet Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, thin, papillate, at length depressed, polished, even, zoneless, rufous-cinnamon ; stem stuffed, then hollow, equal, somewhat pruinose, becoming rufous, as well as the crowded, fragile gills ; milk rather mild, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 346. Bull. t. 222, A.B. Sow. t. 204. Krombk. t. 40,/. 13, 14. Benz . / 11. Bolt. t. 3. Schceff. t. 73, partly. Eng. FI. v.p. 28. Ba7'la. t. 20, /. 4-10. In woods. Sept. Oct. Common. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 1-4 in. broad, dark chocolate, sometimes slightly viscid when young ; milk white, acrid when the plant is old ; gills at length deep brown, scarcely at all forked ; stem 1.-2 in. high, in* thick, substance looser than in L. quietus , at length hollow. - M. J. B. Spores between papillose and echinulate, diameter ’00028^. 612. Iiactarius camphoratus. Fr. “ Camphory Lactarius.” Pileus fleshy, thin, depressed, dry, somewhat zoned, smooth, brownish-red ; stem stuffed, sub-undulate, of the same colour ; gills crowded, yellowish-red ; milk mild, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 346. Bull. t. 567,/. 1. Krornbh. t. 39,/. 21-24. Ann. N.H. no. 706. In woods. [Low. Carolina.] Known by its powerful smell of melilot, which it retains for a long time in the herbarium. Pileus 1^ in. across. — M. J. B. Gen. 10. RUSSUIsA, Fr. Gen. Hymen. Spores white or very pale yellow, generally echinulate; veil entirely ob- solete ; pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded, and at length depressed ; stem stout, polished, not corticate, generally spongy within, confluent with the hymenophore ; gills nearly equal, milkless, rigid, brittle, with an acute edge, sometimes dropping water ; trama vesicnlose. Hab. On the ground in late sum- mer and autumn. (Fig. 52.) This genus agrees with Lactarius in size, and some other characters, but differs in the absence of milk, and the gills being nearly equal. Odour none, or unpleasant. A few species are edible, but most are noxious. — W . Q. S. L 218 AGARICINI. Sect . 1. Compact ce. 613. Russula nigricans. Fr, “ Blackish Russula.” Pileus equally fleshy, compact, umbilicate, depressed, dingy- olive; margin indexed, without striae ; stem solid, blunt, at length charry-black ; gills rounded thick, distant, unequal. — Fr. Epicr . p. 350. Bull. t. 579,/. 2. Krombh. t. 70, /. 14, 15. Sow. t. 36. Huss. £.73. Ann. N.H. no. 799*. A. adustus, Eng. FI. v.p. 23. In woods. Common. Pileus 2^-3^ in. broad, white, smooth, or clothed with a very minute pubes- cence or meal, which when touched turns black, piano-depressed, at length infundibuliform, flesh thick, firm, crisp, turning red when cut, when old the whole plant is black. Margin not involute ; gills narrow, pale yellowish, thick, distant, forked, decurrent ; stem 3 in. high, nearly 1 in. thick, sub- incrassated below, very obtuse, substance and surface like that of the pileus. — M . J. B. Known from its coarse habit, and becoming red when bruised. Spores papillose, diameter *0003 in. 614. Russula adusta. Fr. “ Scorched Russula.” Pileus equally fleshy, compact, depressed, nearly infundibuli- form ; margin at first indexed and smooth, then erect and with- out striae ; stem solid, blunt, dingy-cinereous ; gills adnate, then decurrent, thin, crowded, unequal. — Fr. Epicr. p. 350. Krombh . £.70,/ 7-11. Batt.t.l3,C. Barla.t.ll. Ann. N.H. no. 800. In woods. Sept. Oct. [United States.] Commonly smaller then R. nigricans , pileus at length infundibuliform; gills decurrent, thin, crowded ; colour when young pallid or whitish, when old as if scorched, sooty- grey.' —Fries. Well distinguished by its compara- tively thin, crowded gills, and other points.— B. &Br. 615. Russula delica. Fr . “ Whitish Russula.” Pileus equally fleshy, firm, umbilicate, even, shining ; margin involute, smooth, without striae ; stem solid, compact, white ; gills decurrent, thin, distant, white.- — Fr. Epicr. p. 350. Batt. £.17, A. Paul. t. 73, f. 1. Krombh. t. 70,/. 12, 13. Vent. t. 48,/. 3, 4. In woods. Stem solid, short, 1-2 in., ^ in. and more thick, even, smooth, white. Pileus everywhere fleshy, 3-5 in. broad, firm, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, regular, even, smooth ; margin involute, without striae. Flesh firm, dry, white. AGARICLNT. 219 Sect . 2. Furcatce . 616. Russula furcata. Fr . “ Forked Russula.” Mild, at length, bitter. Pilens fleshy, rigid, plane, then de- pressed and infundibuliform, even, somewhat shining, with a silky lustre, at length smooth ; margin even, acute ; stem stout, firm, even, attenuated downwards ; gills adnato-decurrent, rather thick, somewhat distant, forked, white, as well as the stem. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 352. Krombh. t. 62,/. 1, 2, t. 69, f. 18-22. Bull. t. 26. Schceff. t. 94,/. 1. Paul. t. 74,/. 1. Buxb. v. t. 4:7, f. 2. Enq.Fl. v.p. 22. Barla. 1. 16, f. 1-9. In woods. Sept. Common. [United States.] Stem stuffed, moderately firm, white. Pileus when young plane, the mar- gin deflexed, then sub infundibuliform, green. Taste acrid.— Fries. 617. Russula sanguinea. Fr. “ Blood-red Russula.” Acrid. Pileus fleshy, firm, convex, then gibbo-depressed and infundibuliform, at length even, moist ; margin thin, acute, even ; stem spongy or solid, slightly striate, white or reddish ; gills decurrent, thin, very crowded, somewhat forked, connected, white. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 351. Bull. t. 42. Roq. t. 12,/. 1. Smith, P.M. / 17. In woods. Stem stout. Pileus fleshy, firm, obtuse, then depressed and infundibuli- form, polished, 2-3 in. broad, blood-red, or growing pale about the margin. Flesh firm, cheesy, white. Grills very narrow, and much crowded. Taste acrid and peppery. 618. Russula xosacea. Fr. “ Eosy Russula.” At length acrid. Pileus compact, convexo-plane, unequal, viscid, then dry, variegated with spots; margin acute, even ; stem spongy or solid, even, white, or reddish ; gills adnate, rather crowded, plane, unequal, white, divided behind. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 351. Bull. t. 609, f.Z. In woods. [United States.] Stem solid, firm, at length spongy within, even, smooth, about 2 in. long. Pileus fleshy, convex, expanded, obtuse, but never depressed, 2-4 in. broad, cuticle when young and moist viscid and separable. Gills in all states adnate, crowded, fragile, forked behind, always persistently white. Spoi'es papillose, almost globular, diameter *00026 in. ( Fig . 52, reduced.) L 2 220 AGARICINI. 619. Russula saxdonia. Fr . “ Changeable Russula.” Pileus fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, then depressed, smooth ; cuticle thin, adnate, viscid, changing colour ; margin even ; stem spongy or solid, short, white, or reddish ; gills adnate, much crowded, somewhat forked, white, then yellowish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 353. Schceff. t . 16,/. 5, 6. Krombh, t. 68,/. 1-4. Near paths in fir woods. A robust and firm, but not large species. Stem solid, 1^-2 in. long, 1 in. thick, even, white, or reddish. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, reddish, pallid yellow, dirty yellow, opaque. 620. Russula depallens. Fr. “ Bleached Russula.” Mild. Pileus fleshy, firm, undulate or irregular, even, opaque; cuticle thin, viscid, adnate, turning pale ; margin even, at length slightly striate ; stem firm, attenuated downwards, white, be- coming cinereous ; gills adnexed, crowded, fragile, furcate be- hind, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 353. Krombh. t. 66,/. 12-13. In pastures. [United States.] Stem solid, about 1^ in, long. Pileus rarely depressed, but often undulate, at first pale-reddish or brownish, then whitish or yellowish, in all states opaque. Flesh white, mild. Gills forked at the base with shorter ones in- termixed. Sect. 3. Rigidce. 621. Russula lactea. Fr. “ Milk-white Russula.” Mild, milk-white. Pileus fleshy, compact, unpolished, then rivulose ; margin straight, thin, obtuse, even ; stem solid, com- pact, obese ; gills free, thick, distant, rigid, slightly forked. — Fr. Epicr. p. 355. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866) no. 1133. Paul. t. 74 ,/. 2 . On the ground. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Esculent. [Mid. Carolina.] The thick, distant gills, and milk-white pileus characterise this fine species. Stem 1^-2 in. long, in. thick. Pileus 2 in. broad, at first white, even, then whitish-tan coloured, when dry slightly cracked. 622. Russula virescens. Fr. “ Greenish Russula.” Mild ; pileus fleshy, firm, globose, then expanded and umbili- cate, innato-flocculose, or areolate and warted ; margin straight, obtuse, even ; stem spongy or solid, stout, sub-rivulose, whitish ; AGARICINI. 221 gills free, rather crowded, unequal, and forked. — Fr. Epicr . p. 355. S chaff, t. 94: (not f.i.) Vitt.t. 3. Sturm, t. 31. Larh.t. 19, f. 3, £. 20,/. 5. Krombh. t. 67,/. 1-10. Berk. Outl. 1. 13,/. 6. 7/wss. ii. £. 11. Eng.Fl.v.p. 23. Barla. 1. 16./. 10-12. £. 17,/. 1-2. In woods. July — Sept. Esculent. [Mid. Carolina.] Pileus 4 in. broad, convex, at length slightly depressed and irregular, of various livid hues, yellow, purple and green, fleshy, rugulose, very slightly viscid ; margin even. The edge of the pileus sometimes hangs down in a singular manner. Gills white, forked, sometimes anastomosing at the base, rather close, moderately rigid, elastic. Stem 1-2 in. high, | in. or more thick, obtuse at the base, various in form, slightly reticulated with raised lines. Taste and odour mild. — M. J. B. Spores scarcely echinulate, almost globular, *00025 in. diameter. 623. Russula lepida. Fr. “ Scaly Russula.” Mild. Pileus fleshy, compact, convex, then depressed, un- polished, silky, rimoso-squamose, becoming pale ; margin patent, obtuse, even ; stem solid, compact, even, white or rosy ; gills rounded, rather thick, somewhat crowded, many of them forked, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 355. Batsch.f. 12. Huss. ii. t. 32. Krombh. t. 64,/. 19,20. Hogg. § Johnst. t. 4. In woods. Esculent. [Low. Carolina.] Stem 3 in. long, 1 in. thick, even, white or roseate. Pileus 3 in. broad, opaque, unpolished, somewhat silky, at length rimoso-squamulose and dis- coloured ; colour beautifully rosy-red, the disc especially becoming whitish. 624. Russula rubra. Fr. “ Red Russula.” Acrid. Pileus fleshy, rigid, convex, then plane or depressed, dry, polished, becoming even ; margin patent, obtuse, without Btriae ; stem solid, hard, stout, white, or red ; gills obtusely ad- nate, rather crowded, whitish, often forked and dimidiate. — Fr. Epicr. p. 354. Larbr. t . 18. /. 7. Roq. t. 5, /. 2. Krombh. t. 65. Vitt. Mang. t. 38,/. 2. Schaff. 1. 15,/. 4-6. Eng. FI. v.p. 22. In woods. Aug. [United States.] Pileus compact, dry, even, scarcely brittle, of a cellular texture ; gills close ; stem 2 in. high, firm, often tinged with rose ; very bitter, like gall, ex- tremely acrid. — Fries . Sect. 4. Heteropbyllce. 625. Russula vesca. Fr. “ Edible Russula.” Mild, sweet-tasted. Pileus fleshy, firm, umbilicato-convex, then plane and infundibuliform, venoso-rugose, and streaked; flesh under the viscid cuticle reddish ; margin even, or remotely 222 AGARICINI. striate ; stem firm, unequal, rivuloso-rugose ; gills adnate, rather crowded, unequal, and forked, white, as well as the stem. — Fr. Epicr. p. 352. Krombli . t. 67,/. 12-19. Vitt. t. 27. Bolt.t. 1. Paul . t. 76,/. 2, 3. Russ. i. t. 89. In woods. Esculent. Of medium size. Stem solid, peculiarly reticulated, attenuated at the base. Pileus flesh-red, disc darker, margin at length patent. 626. Russula cyan oxantha. Fr. “ Blue and Yellow Russula.” Mild. Pileus compact, convex, then expanded and depressed, orinfundibuliform, even, rugose or virgate ; margin remotely and faintly striate ; stem spongy, stuffed but firm, when old cavernose, equal, smooth, even, white ; gills rounded behind, connected by veins, broad, little crowded, furcate, mixed with shorter, white. — Fr.Hym. Suec. ii.p. 194. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1131. Schceff. t. 93. B. vesca , var. b. Fr. Ep.p. 353. In woods. Sept. Fineshade. [United States.] Colour of the pileus variable, in the typical form lilac or purplish, or greenish olive, disc growing pale and yellowish ; margin bluish or livid-purple; flesh firm, of a cheesy consistency, white, under the separable cuticle com- monly reddish ; pileus 2-3 in. broad or more ; stem 2-3 in. long. 627. Russula hetezophylla. Fr. “ Variable Russula.” Mild. Pileus fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, then depressed, even, polished, cuticle very thin, evanescent ; margin thin, even, or densely striate ; flesh white ; stem solid, firm, nearly equal, even, white ; gills attenuated, nearly free, thin, much crowded, forked and dimidiate, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 352. FI. Dan. 1. 1909,/. 1. Paul. t. 75, f. 1-5. Badh . i. 1. 10,/. 3, ii. t. 3,/. 3, 4. Price./. 37. Smith E.M.f. 3. Hogg . § Johnst. t. 9. Berk. Outl.t. 13, /. 5. Huss. i. t. 84. Cooke . B.F. t. 4. In woods. Common. Esculent. Always mild. Stem firm, solid ; pileus never reddish or purple ; gills very narrow, much crowded, white. Spores echinulate, *00021 X ‘00026 in. 628. Russula foe tens. Fr. “ Foetid Russula.” Acrid, foetid. Pileus bullate, then expanded and depressed, rigid, cuticle adnate, viscid; disc fleshy; margin widely membranaceous, tuberculoso-sulcate ; stem stout, stuffed, then hollow; gills ad- nexed, very unequal, and forked, anastomosing by veins, whitish, at first guttate. — Fr. Epicr. p. 359. Krombli. t. 70,/. 1-6. Bull. t. 292. Sow. t. 4:15. Eng. FI. v. p. 22. Smith. P.M. f. 16. AGARICINI. 223 In woods. July — Sept. Common. [United States.] Generally rancid and stinking, but at times fragrant ; it is not uncommon to find it as sweet smelling as Ag.odorus , Ball. — W. G. S. Gregarious. Pileus 4-5 in. broad, at first convex; the margin broadly folded inwards, convex, at length more or less depressed, with the margin somewhat vaulted, fleshy in the centre ; margin thin, furrowed and tubercled, the striae appearing as if a glutinous membrane were stretched over them, dirty yellow, rather brittle. Gills forked, dirty white or yellowish, mode- rately broad, connected by veins. Stem 3-4 in. high, above 1 in. thick, ob- tuse, incrassated at the base, ruggedly hollow within, as if eaten by snails, white or with a dirty yellow tinge, depresso-tomentose, beneath the gills minutely pitted longitudinally, flesh rather yellow. Highly acrid, odour very strong and penetrating, empyreumatic, somewhat resembling that of prussic acid, but exceedingly disagreeable. — M.J.B. Spores minutely echinulate, almost globular, diameter *00032 in. Sect. 5. Fragiles. 629. Russula emetica. Fr. “ Emetic Russula.” Acrid. Pileus fleshy, expanded or depressed, polished, shining ; margin patent, at length sulcate ; flesh white beneath the red- dish separable cuticle ; stem spongy-solid, firm, elastic, even, white or reddish; gills free, equal, broad, somewhat distant, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 357. Lenz. f. 15. Buxb. v. t. 47,/. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 333. Krornbh. t. 66,/. 4-7 ? CooJce B.F. t. 22. Eng. FI. y . p. 21. Barla. t . 14,/. 4-9. Smith P.M.f. 21. In woods. July — Dec. Poisonous. [United States.] Pileus 2-5 in. broad, glutinous when young, smooth, hemispherical, at length plane, depressed in the centre ; margin thin, striato-sulcate, purple, rose-red, bluish, fuscous, yellow, or even white ; gills rather distant, broad, rigid, thickish, connected by veins, equal, with a very few smaller inter- spersed, always white; stem 2-3 in. high, longitudinally rugulose, firm, solid, white, or tinged with the colour of the pileus, very acrid and poisonous. — Eng. FI. Known by its very acrid taste and free gills, between which and the stem is a distinct channel.— M. J. B. Spores echinulate, almost globular, diameter *00028 in. 630. Russula ochroleuca. Fr. . 69. Price, f. 125. On trunks and the ground. Rare. [United States.] Very much tufted ; several stems confluent, surface rough with prominent minute ribs or prickles, pale rufescent, often powdered with the white spores, 1-1£ in. broad. Sometimes the surface is more even, but still somewhat sculptured, so as to be rough with raised lines. Stem compound, strongly ribbed and sulcate, the ribs being continuations of the serrated paler decur- rent gills. At first the pileus and gills are tender; stem firm and leathery. Odour agreeable. — M . J. B. Spores almost globular, diameter *00015 in. 687. Lentinus vulpinus. Fr. “ Strong-scented Lentinus.” Sessile, imbricated. Pileus fleshy, but tough, conchate, con- nate behind, longitudinally rough, costate, corrugate or floccose, tan-coloured ; margin incurved, entire ; gills torn, white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 395. Sow. t. 361. Eng. FI. v.p. 72. Krornbh. t. 3,/. 16. On stumps. Rare. [Cincinnati, U. S.] Pileus 1-2 in. long, ascending, obovato-spathulate ; margin involute, fleshy, tough, the outer surface cartilaginous, longitudinally lacunose and echinulate, reddish-buff, hoary with the round white spores, and within the flesh is a line of the same substance parallel with the surface ; gills pale, more or less notched and sinuate, broad, not forked. Stem obsolete. Smell very strong and overpowering, somewhat resembling that of field mint. — M. J. B. Spores almost globular, very small, *00006 in. diameter. 688. Lentinus fimbiiatus. Curr. il Fringed Lentinus.” Pileus subdimidiate, subcoriaceous, depressed, fawn coloured, covered with darker floccose scales ; margin slightly involute ; stem lateral, squamulose ; gills serrated and torn, descending (not decurrent), pale brown. — Linn. Trans, xxiv. p. 152. t. 25./. 2. On a stump standing in a pond. Lewes. Sept., 1862. Pileus subdimidiate, subcoriaceous, thin (not fleshy) depressed, sometimes very much so, and almost cyathiform, £ to 1 in. wide, fawn coloured, covered with floccose scales of a darker brown ; margin slightly involute, almost strigose; stem lateral, from f to i in. long, rough with somewhat reflexed scales of the same colour as the gills, or rather paler ; gills pale brown, irregularly serrate and lacerated at the margin, descending, but not decur- rent. In young specimens a delicate white fimbriate collar or fringe (the remains of the ruptured veil) separates the gills from the stem. Pilei 2 or 3 together, one above another in an imbricated manner. Some of the pilei tinged here and there with pink stains. 689. Lentinus flabelliformis. Fr. “ Fan-like Lentinus.” Subsessile. Pileus thin, tough, kidney-shaped, plane, smooth, fawn coloured ; margin crenato-fimbriate ; gills broad, torn, pallid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 395. Bolt. t. 157. Eng. FI. v. p. 72. 244 AGARICIN1. On stumps. Doubtful. Inserted on the faith of Bolton’s figure, which “may be only Agaricus salignus. ’ Pileus 2-3 in. broad ; gills rather broad. Gen. 15. PANUS, Fr. Epicr. p. 396. Fig. 57. Spores white; pileus uu equal- sided or lateral, tough, fleshy, at length coriaceous, but not woody, drying up, but reviving with mois- ture ; stem the same with the hy- memophore ; gills thinner than in the last genus, tough, at length coriaceous, unequal, with an entire acute edge; trama floccose. Hab. On stumps. (. Fig . 57.) All the species are tough (at first softer), never woody, drying up in decay. 690. Panus toiulosus. Fr. “ Twisted Panus.” Pileus fleshy, then tough, coriaceous, plane, then infundibuli- fc>rm or dimidiate, even, flesh-coloured or ochraceous; stem short, oblique, clothed with grey down ; gills decurrent, rather distant, distinct behind, ruddy, then tan-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 397. Batsch.f. 33. Paul.t. 26, f. 3, 4. Nees.f. 176. Krombh.t. 42, /. 3-5. Bolt. 1. 146. On old stumps. [Mid. & Up. Carolina]. Stem solid, seldom exceeding an in. long, grey, covered with a violaceous down. Pileus entire, 2-3 in. broad, smooth. Flesh pale. Variable in colour, sometimes shaded very slightly, if at all, with pink. Spores ‘0002 X *00013 in. {Fig. 57, reduced .) 691. Panus conchatus. Fr. “ Shell Panus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, thin, unequal, excentric and dimidiate, cinnamon, becoming pale, at length squamulose ; stem short, unequal, pubescent at the base ; gills forming decurring lines on the stem, somewhat branched, whitish, flesh-coloured, then ochraceous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 398. Krornbh. t . 42,/. 1-2. Schceff. t. 43,44. Bull. t. 298, 517,/. O.P. Eng.Fl.v.p.ll. Ann.N.H. no. 67. On trunks. Rare. Margate. Apethorpe. [Cincinnati, U. S.] AGARICINI. 245 Pilous flaccid, even ; gills not anastomosing at the base, rather thick and close ; stem not 1 in. high, sometimes obsolete.— Fries. Always known by its conchate form and tougher substance from similar species of the genus Agaricus. —M. J. B. 692. Panus stypticus. Fr . “ Styptic Panus.” Pileus coriaceous, reniform, cinnamon, growing pale, cuticle breaking up into mealy scales ; stem lateral, short, dilated above ; gills determinate, thin, crowded, connected by veins, cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p . 399. Bull. 1 . 140, 557,/. 1. Schceff. t. 208. Sow. 1 . 109. FI. Dan. t. 832,/. 1. 1 . 1292,/. 1. Tratt. Aus. t. 2. Krombh . t. 44,/. 13-17. Buxb. v. 1. 10,/. 1. Eng. FI. v.p. 73. Smith. P.M. f. 6. Berk, exs.no. 136. On stumps, dead trees, &c. Common. [S. Carolina.] Gregarious or csespitose. Pileus 1-1^ in. broad, semiorbicular, tbe margin entire or lobed, surface nearly even, pruinose or furfuraceous, often zoned, varying in depth of colour; margin involute ; gills often branched, beauti- fully connected by veins, pale cinnamon. Stem about £ in. high, ascending, dilated above, pruinose. — M.J.B. Spores *0001 X *00018 in. OTUS, Fr. Ep. p. 48. Spores white ; pileus membrana- ceous ; stem confluent with the hy- menophore, which descends into and forms a trama ; gills dichotomous, fold-like, coriaceous, adnato-decur- rent, with an obtuse entire edge ; in the single British species branched and very distant. {Fig. 58.) Hab. The British plant grows in peat-mosses. This genus, which is chiefly tropical, resembles a coriaceo-membranaceous Gan - tharellus } with narrow gills. 693. Xezotus degener. Fr. “ Moss Xerotus.” Pallid. Pileus between coriaceous and membranaceous, piano- depressed, flocculose, hygrophanous, striate when moist ; stem solid, thin, velvety; gills plicate, branched, distant, pallid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 400. Schceff.t. 243. Sow. t. 210. In peat mosses. Very rare. Pileus somewhat zoned, grey, thin, but tough. (Fig. 58 .) Gen. 16 . 58 . 246 AGARICINI. Gen. 16, TROGIA, Fr. Mon. Hym. ft e> Pileus submembranaceous, soft, tough, flaccid, but very dry, flexible, reviving ; gills venose, fold- like, forked, edge longitudinally chan- nelled or crisped ; texture fibrillose ; spores white. (Fig- 59J In the only British, species the edge of the gills is not channelled but obtuse, but it has the habit, form, and texture of Trogia , and is referred to that genus without doubt ; although the edges of the gills are not chan- nelled they are nevertheless crisped. Fig. 59. ©94. Trogia crispa. Fr. “ Crisped Trogia.” Tough, cup-shaped, reflexed, lobed, villous, reddish-yellow ; gills plaited, dichotomous, crisped, whitish or grey —Fr. Epicr. p. 369. FI. Dan. t. 1739. Pers. Ic. fy Desc. t. 8,/. 7. Buxb. v. t. 7 ,/. 2. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1135. On twigs of beech, birch, &c. Jedburgh. [United States.] The colour of the pileus varies from a yellowish brown to white, sessile, lobed, ^-1 in. broad, finely villous, reddish-yellow behind. Margin whitish. Gills narrow, veinlike, crisped, with the edge obtuse, not channelled. ( Fig. 59, nat. size.) Gen. 17 . SCHSSOPHYLLUM, Fr. Obs. i. p. 103. Spores white; pileus not fleshy, dry, sessile; gills co- riaceous, branched, split long- itudinally at the edge, with the two divisions revolute or spreading, joined to the pileus by a tomentose pellicle. Hab. Rotten wood. An easily recognized but very aberrant genus of Agaricini. (Fig. 60 .) AGARICINI. 247 695. Schizophy llum commune. Fr. “ Common Schizophyllum.’’ Pileus adnate behind, somewhat extended, simple, and lobed ; gills grey, then brownish, purple, villous, edge revolute. — Fr. Epicr.p. 403. Grev.t.b 1. Krombli. t. 4,/i 14-16. Batsch.f. 126. Bull. t. 346, 581,/. 1. Sow. 1. 183. Buxb. v. t. 7,/. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 130. Gard . Chron. 1860, 1151. On dead wood. [New Orleans, U. S., &c.] Pileus 1-1^ in. broad, sessile or with a short lateral stem, sometimes resu- pinate, and supported by a stem-like process arising from the centre of the pileus, white or greyish, zoned, tomentose ; margin even or variously lobed and split ; gills reddish-brown or whitish, flabelliform, apparently but not truly forked, the inner barren face villous with the flocci, of which the sub- stance of the pileus is composed, the outer surface alone bearing spores. Cosmopolitan. — M. J. B. Spores very small, almost globular, *0001 in. dia- meter. ( Fig. 60, nat. size.) Gen. 18. IkENZXTES, Fr. Gen. Hymen. Spores white; pileus coriaceous, dimidiate, sessile ; gills coriaceous, firm, unequal, simple, or branched, and anastomosing behind, edge obtuse or acute ; trama floccose ; often spuriously porous. {Fig. 61.) Hab . On stumps, rails , etc. Chiefly tropical, where the species be- come woody, with us they are only cori- aceous. Allied to Trametes andiDcedalea, amongst the Polyporei. Fig. 61. 696. laenzites betulina. Fr . “ Birch Lenzites.” Pileus between corky and coriaceous, firm, obsoletely zoned, tomentose, pallid ; margin of the same colour ; gills straight, somewhat branched, anastomosing, pallid. — Fr . Epicr. p. 405. FI. Dan. 1. 1555. Sow. 1. 182. Berk. Outl. 1. 15,/. 3. Dcedalea be- tulina , Eng. FI. v. p. 131. On stumps, &c. Common. [Cincinnati, U. S.] Perennial. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, coriaceous, sessile, dimidiate, deeply grooved concentrically, and clothed with dense pubescence or coarse velvety down, greyish or pale, often green with minute Algae . Gills straight, tan- coloured, not much branched or anastomosing, their margin at length torn. — M . J. B. ( Fig. 61, reduced.) 248 AGARIOlUl. 697. Lenzites flaccida. Fr. “ Flaccid Lenzites.” Pileus coriaceous, thin, flaccid, unequal, hairy, zoned, pallid ; margin of the same colour; gills broad, crowded, straight, un- equal and branched, white, becoming pallid. — Fr . Epicr.p . 406. Bull. t. 394. Bolt. 1. 158. • On stumps. Running by almost imperceptible gradations into L. betulina. Pileus thin (scarcely 1 lin. thick), hairy, strigose, at first whitish, then dingy, with zones of the same colour. Gills never anastomosing. 698. Lenzites sepiaria. Fr. “ Chocolate Lenzites.” Pileus coriaceous, hard, zoned, strigoso-tomentose, rough, bright-brown ; margin yellowish ; gills rather thick, branched, anastomosing, yellowish. — Fr. Epicr.p . 407. Ann. N.H. no. 337. Sow. t. 418. Schceff. t. 76. Buxb. v. t. 6. Vaill. 1. 1,/. 1-3. Dceda - lea sepiaria, Eng. Fl.p. 132. On fir wood. [United States.] Pileus 2-3 in. broad, dimidiate, elongated, often confluent, deeply zoned, strigoso-lacunose, of a rich deep-chocolate ; margin paler, sometimes white, substance coriaceous, fibrous, of a fine ochre or rhubarb colour, occasionally entirely resupinate. Hymenium composed of brownish plates, tolerably regular, but here and there slightly branched, or interrupted so as to form pores.— M. J. B. 699. Lenzites abietina. Fr. “ Larch Lenzites:” Pileus coriaceous, thin, effuso-reflexed, clothed with umber down, at length becoming smooth and whitish ; gills decurrent, simple, unequal, pruinose or glaucescent, brownish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 407. Bull t. 442,/. 2, t. 541,/. 1. Eng. FI. Y.p. 132. Vent.t . 60,/. 3-5. On deals. Glasgow. [United States.] Perennial. Pileus umber and in age becomes quite smooth, and the gills nearly simple, of a pruinose cinereous hue. Pileus l|-4 in. broad. — M , J. B. Thinner than L. sepiaria. POLYPOREI, 249 Order II. POL TP OREL Hymenium lining the cavity of tubes or pores, which are sometimes broken up into teeth or concentric plates. — Fr . Berk. Outl. p. 229. Hymenium inferior, lining the cavity of tubes or pores, which are at first sinuous. Pores sometimes broken up into wavy or labyrinthiform, concen- tric (not radiating) laminae, or teeth ; when young, and the hymenium is sinuous, pores are present in the margin. Hymenium lining tubes, regular — Trama none. Tubes separating from the hymeno- phore and from each other, terres- trial Tubes adhering to the hymenophore and to each other, terrestrial. Trama present. Trama dissimilar in substance (and often in colour) from the hymeno- phore, generally epiphytal . . . Trama the same in substance and co- lour with the hymenophore, epi- phytal Hymenium lining tubes, irregular— Tubes forming deep labyrinthiform depressions — plant woody Tubes incomplete, reduced to shallow sinuous folds ; plant waxy Hymenium at first papillose, papillae at length elon- gating and forming tubes— Plant submembranaceous and resupinate . . . Plant fleshy Gen . 18. BOLETUS, Fr. Hymenium quite distinct from the smooth hymenophore; trama none, the tubes easily separating from the hymenophore, and from each other ; fleshy, putrescent, ter- restrial fungi, having central stems. {Fig. 62.) A clearly defined genus, with many handsome species, including some that are poisonous, and many that are escu- lent. Boletus. Strobilomyces. I POLYPORUS. g Trametes. i I IbEDALEA. Merulius. II POROTHELIUM. FlSTULINA. j M 5 Fig. 62. 250 POLYPOREI. A. Ochrospori — spores ochraceous. Sect . 1. Viscipellis. 700. Boletus luteus. L. “ Brown-yellow Boletus.” Pileus gibbous, then pulvinate, smeared with brown evanes- cent gluten ; stem equal, firm, whitish, above the ring punctato- scabrous'; ring ample, membranaceous, white or brownish ; tubes adnate, minute, simple, yellow. — Fr.Epicr.p. 409. Schceff. 1. 114. Lenz.f. 30. FI. Dan. t. 1135. Krombh. t . 33,/. 1-12. Buxb. v. t. 14. Eng. FI. v. p. 147. Price,/. 1,29. Fl.Boruss,t. 377. In fir woods. Common. [S. Carolina.] Pileus 3-4 in. broad, dingy yellow, convex, covered at first with thick brown gluten, which is soon washed off, but the pileus remains slightly viscid and clothed with very minute matted silkiness. Flesh at first firm, whitish, not changing. Tubes adnate, dull yellow, nearly simple, their orifices round, or slightly waved. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous. Stem 4 in. high, or more, i in. thick, straight or flexuous, at first white, but soon sordid, hoary beneath the white persistent ring, glandular above, sometimes the whole surface is glandular. — M. J. B. Spores spindle-shaped, yellowish- brown, *0003 X *00013 in. 701. Boletus elegans. Schum . “ Elegant Boletus.” Pileus convex, then plane, viscid, golden yellow, and slightly ferruginous ; stem firm, unequal, golden yellow, then rufous, punctate above the fugacious, white, then yellowish ring; tubes decurrent, minute, simple, golden, or sulphur-yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 409. Grev. 1 . 183. Gard. Chron. (1860), p. 52d,/g. ?. Price , f. 110. Krombh. t. 34,/. 1-10. Huss . ii. t. 12. In mixed woods. May — Oct. [Low. Carolina.] From its nearest allies it is distinguished by its brilliant golden yellow or ferruginous tint, its neat form, its firm equal stem, which is at first coloured like the cap, and then acquires a rufous tint, but especially by its being marked with little dots, but not reticulate, above the fugacious ring, which is at first whitish, and then acquires a yellow tinge, and its decurrent, minute, simple, golden yellow pores, inclining to sulphur. The flesh, more- over, is of a decided, though pale yellow.— M. J. B. 702. Boletus fiavus. With. “ Bright-yellow Boletus.” Firm. Pileus yellow, with a tawny, evanescent gluten ; stem yellow, then brownish, apex reticulated with the decurrent tubes'; tubes rather large, angular, yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 410. Bolt. t. 169. Sow. t. 265. B. Grevillei , Eng. FI. Y.p. 148. In woods. Common. POLYPOREI. 251 Fries regards this as a variety of B. degam ; it requires to be carefully dis- tinguished from B. luteus. Pileus 2-5 in. broad, compact, in moist shady places glutinous and bright -yellow, in exposed situations dry and brown ; flesh pale yellow, not changing ; tubes unequal, of a golden sulphur, wavy, sometimes with their orifices ruddy. Ring dirty-yellow, membranaceous. Stem 2-3 in. high, 6-9 lines thick, yellow spotted with purple, thickened at the base, reticulated above the ring. — Klotsch. Spores spindle-shaped, yel- lowish-brown, *0003 X *00016 in. 703. Boletus laricinus. Berk. “ Larch Boletus.” Pileus dirty white, with livid stains, covered at first with dirty yellow or brownish evanescent slime, subsquamose ; stem cribrose above the ring, scrobiculate below, dirty white ; tubes adnate, subdecurrent, compound, at first nearly white. — Berk. Outl.p. 230. Huss.i.t.Zb. Eng. FI. v. p. 148. Amongst larch. Sept. Common. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, dirty white, with livid stains, and sometimes adpressed, dirty yellow fascicles of filaments, the remains of the slimy ring ; often deeply scrobiculate, covered with dirty yellow or brownish slime, which gradually disappears. Flesh white, very slightly tinged with yellow, not changeable. Tubes adnate or sub decurrent, compound, each consisting of two or three cells, their orifices angular, at first nearly white, with a tinge of yellow, at length brownish from the spores. Stem 2 in. or more high, in. thick, nearly equal, reticulated above the ring, and frequently much scrobiculated below, dirty white like the pileus, stained with the spores, somewhat downy at the base. Spores oblong, brownish clay coloured. — M.J.B. Spores spindle-shaped, pale brown, *00042 X *00017 in. — W. G. S. 704. Boletus granulatus. L. “ Granulated Boletus.” Pileus convex, expanded, yellowish, with a brownish, ferru- ginous, evanescent gluten ; stem without a ring, yellowish, punc- tato-granulose above; tubes adnate, short, simple, yellow ; orifice granulated. — Fr . Epicr.p. 410. Schceff. t. 123. Barla. t. 31,/. 4- 12. Lenz.f. 31. Letell. t. 604. Krombli. t. 34,/. 11-14. Eng . FI. y.p. 149. Vent. t. 50,/. 3. B. lactijluus , Sow. t. 420. In grass, amongst firs. Aug. Sept. Esculent. [Carolina.] Gregarious, csespitose. Pileus 2 in. or more broad, hemispherical, at first covered with a thick rufous brown slime, afterwards dirty rufous or yellowish; flesh thick, white or yellowish, not changeable; margin at first inflexed and downy. Pores at first whitish, then lemon-coloured, compound, the margin distilling a pale watery milk, which when dried gives them a granulated ap- pearance, at length dirty yellow, adnate. Spores ochraceo-ferruginous ; stem 1 in. or more high, \ in. thick, generally short, but variable, obtuse at the base, rooting, more watery than the pileus, pale yellow above, white below, minutely tomentose and granulated, at first covered with milky drops. — M. J.B.— Spores spindle-shaped, yellowish orange, *0003 X *0001$ in. A very variable species, but the very glutinous pileus always the same colour, viz., a rich chestnut brown ; tubes and stem sulphur colour, tubes exuding a thin gummy juice, which soon dries in the form of sugary granules. Stem rough, scabrous, as if covered with moist sugar. — W. G. S. 252 POLYPOREI. 705. Boletus bovinus. L. “ Shallow -pored Boletus.’* Pileus nearly plane, smooth, viscid, reddish-grey ; stem equal, even, self-coloured ; tubes subdecurrent, angular, compound, greyish-yellow, then ferruginous.— Fr. Epicr.p All. Lenz.f, 38. Krombli. t. 75, f. 1-6. FI. Dan . t. 1018. Huss. i. t. 34. Eng. FI. v.yj.149. FI. Boruss. t. 378. Heathy fir woods. Sept. [United States.] Gregarious, fasciculate. Pileus 1-2| in. broad ; when young hemispheri- cal, margin white and tomentose, disc and top of the stem purplish, base rhubarb-coloured ; when full-grown convex, expanded ; margin still turned in, very glutinous, dull orange-yellow, or deep buff; flesh tinged with the colour of the pileus, not changeable. Tubes resembling the pores of Merulius lachrymans , very shallow (J of an inch), compound, dirty yellow, not easily separating from the pileus. Stem 2-3 in. high, in. thick, subto- mentose, not diffused gradually but rather abruptly into the pileus, of the same colour, but streaked with watery lines, attenuated below, or subequal ; bulbous when very young. Spores elliptic. Smell strong, like Marasmius oreades. — M. J. B. Spores spindle-shaped, dingy green ochre, '0003 X *00015 in. 706. Boletus badius. Fr. “ Bay Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, soft, viscid, bay-tawny; stem solid, nearly equal, even, paler, brownish pruinose ; tubes adnate, sinuate or depressed, rather large, angular, dingy, yellowish- white, then greenish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 411. Lenz.f. 35. Krombh . t. 36,/. 12-18. Ann. N.H. no. 804. FI. Boruss. t. 379. In pine woods. Rare. Pileus viscid in wet, shining in dry weather, flesh turning partially blue. 707. Boletus sanguineus. With. “ Blood-red Boletus.” Pileus convexo-plane, even, smooth, viscid, blood-red ; stem equal, even, variegated with yellow and red ; tubes adnate, broad, unequal, orange-yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 412. Sow. t. 225. B. sub - tomentosus , var. Eng. FI. Y.p. 150. In woods. Rare. Pileus crimson, semiglobular, f-l£ over ; when old rich brown, nearly 3 in. over, and the edge turning up. Flesh white, a little tinged with crimson next to the skin, changing slowly to a bluish cast when wounded. Stem blotches or streaks of dilute crimson on a yellow ground, apparently twisted, l-2£ in. high, near f in. diameter. In the larger specimens the base is bul- bous. — With. • 708. Boletus piperatus. Bull. “ Peppery Boletus.” Pileus convexo-plane, smooth, slightly viscid, yellow, inclining to reddish-grey ; stem slender, even, fragile, yellow within, and POLYPOREI, 253 at the base ; tubes subdecurrent, large, angular, ferruginous.— Fr.Epicr.pA12. Bull.tA51,f.2. Batsck.f. 28. Sow. t. 34. FI. Dan. 1. 1850. Krombh. t.37,f. 16-20. Eng. FI. v.p. 150. Corda . Sturm, t. 60. Barla. t . 32, /. 5-10. Smith , P.M.f. 26. In woods. Autumn. [Carolina, U. S.] Pileus 1-3 in. broad, at length plane, moist, or even glutinous, reddish- yellow or brownish. Flesh yellow, not changing colour. Tubes large, sub- decurrent, angular, reddish-yellow or ferruginous. Stem 1-2 in. high, 3-4 lines thick, more or less deep yellow. Taste remarkably acrid and pungent. — Grev . Spores oval, brown, *0003 X *00015 in. Sect. 2. Subtomentosi. 709. Boletus rubinus. Smith. “ Red- tubed Boletus.” Pileus yellow-brown, gibbous, pulvinate, then plane, dry, sub- tomentose, slightly cracked ; tubes wholly carmine, subdecurrent, compound, of a medium size ; stem yellow, smeared with crim- son, irregular ; flesh viyid-yellow, perfectly unchangeable ; spores pale-umber, ovate. — Seem. Journ. 1868,^. 33, t. 75,/. 1-4. Under trees by the roadside. Sept. Near Dunstable. It differs from all other British species in the wholly carmine tubes, to- gether with the vivid-yellow, wholly unchangeable flesh. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, stem 2-3 in. high. Spores oval, almost round, pale warm brown, *00025 X *0002 in. 710. Boletus parasiticus. Bull. “ Parasitic Boletus.” Pileus hemispherical, smooth, viscid, soon cracked and tesse- lated; stem thin, incurved, rigid, diffracto-rimose, yellow with- out and within ; tubes decurrent, middle-sized, rounded, simple, golden-yellow. — Fr. Epicr. pA12. Bull. t. 431,/. 1. Berk. Outl. t. 15,/. 4. Ann. N.H. no. 338. On species of Scleroderma. Pare. Clifton. Kew. Coombe wood. Pileus silky, dirty-yellow as well as the incurved, rigid, slightly silky stem; flesh of a pale-reddish hue ; tubes decurrent, labyrinthiform, reddish. It is certainly not viscid in any stage of growth. — B. & Br. We have met with it several times, but there has not been any reddish tint in the tubes of our specimens. Hence they may vary in colour. Tubes at first sulphur colour, yellow, then reddish-orange. Spores spindle-shaped, elongated, pale brown, very different from the last, *0005 X *00015 in. • 711. Boletus variegatus. Fr. “ Variegated Boletus.” Pileus con vexo -plane, obtuse, moist, tawny-yellow, with scat- tered superficial, fasciculato-pilose scales ; margin acute, at first flocculose ; stem without ring, firm, equal, even ; tubes adnate, % 254 POLYPOREI, unequal, minute, brownish cinnamon, then pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 413. Lenz.f 39. Krombh. t. 34,/. 15-18, t. 75, f. 7-14. Schceff.t. 115? Eng. FI. v.p. 150. In pine woods. Aug. Sept. [Mid. Carolina.] Pileus 3 in. or more broad, convex, fasciculato-squamose ; scales small, tawny-yellow; flesh changing to blue when cut; margin tomentose, sub- involute ; tubes very narrow, dull-yellow, blue when bruised, adnate, re- sembling somewhat those of B. bovinus ; stem 3 in. high, f in. thick, granu- lato-pulverulent, very neat, firm, yellow, obtuse. Smell unpleasant, taste not so .—M.J.B. Spores oval, very small, greenish ochre, *0001 X *00017 in. 712. Boletus strisepes. Sec. “ Striate Boletus.” Pileus convex, then plane, soft, silky, olivaceous ; cuticle fer- ruginous within ; stem firm, curved, yellow, with blackish-brown strige ; base brownish-rufous; tubes minute, angular, greenish, orifice yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 415. Batt. t. 29 c. In woods. Rare. Coed Coch. Stem dirty -yellow, dotted under a lens with broad bay lines. Flesh white, red near the cuticle, sparingly changing to blue. — M. J. B. 713. Boletus chrysenteron. Fr. “ Red-cracked Boletus.’’ Pileus convexo-plane, soft, floccoso-squamose, brownish, in- clining to brick-red ; flesh yellow, red beneath the cuticle; stem nearly equal, rigid, fibroso-striate, scarlet or yellow ; tubes sub- adnate, rather large, angular, unequal, greenish-yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 415. Bull. t. 490, f. 3. Krombli. t. 76. Ann. N.H. no. 339. Corda. Sturm. 1. 1. Batt. t. 30. E. Huss. i. t. 5. B. subtomen - tosus , Eng. FI. v.p. 150, in part. In meadows, woods, &c. Common. [Mid. and Up. Carolina.] When the pileus is cracked, the cracks are red. Pileus 2-3 in. or more broad, variable, of some shade of red, olive, or yellow, pulvinate, minutely downy ; cuticle often cracked, interstices reddish; flesh white or yellowish, changing slightly to blue ; stem 3 in. high, in. thick, yellowish, more or less streaked with red, often crooked. Spores spindle-shaped, pale warm brown, *0005 X *00017 in. 714. Boletus subtomentosus. L. “ Yellow-cracked Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, expanded, soft, dry, villoso-tomentose, some- what olive, not discoloured under the cuticle ; stem stout, un- equal, sulcate and ribbed, rough, punctate, yellow ; tubes adnate, broad, angular, of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 415. Nees.f. 206. Lenz.f. 36, 37. Schaff. 1. 112. Krombh. t. 37, f. 8-11, t. 48, /. 1-6. FI. Dan. t. 1074. Price , /. 2. Batt. t. 30. F. Eng. FI. v.p. 150, in part . POLYPOREI. 255 In woods. [United States.] When the pilens is cracked, the cracks are yellow. Size and habit very mnch resembling B. chrysenteron , but less common. Often growing on beech nuts. Spores oval, yellowish brown, *0005 X *00021 in. var. iradicans. Krombh. t. 48,/. 1-6. Whole plant pale ochre or stone colour. Spores spindle-shaped, very pale ochre, almost white, *00026 X *00012 in., has the appearance of being distinct. Epping Forest. Staplehurst, &c. — W. G.S. 715. Boletus vaiiecolor. B. & Br. “ Varicolored Boletus.” Pilens convex, subtomentose, olive, margin involute, flesh under the cuticle dark-purple, stem bulbous, attenuated upwards, reticulated at the apex, yellowish below, rufescent above and finely pubescent ; tubes minute, free, yellow. — Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1020, t. xiii./. 8. In woods, &c. Aug. Deeside. The flesh of the pileus and stem is pale, here and there inclining to yellow, and partially marbled. It approaches B. subtomentosus in habit, but with the bulbous reticulated stem of the section Calopodes of Fries. Sect. 8. Galopodes . 716. Boletus calopus. Fr . “ Scarlet- stemmed Boletus.” Pileus globose, then pulvinate, unpolished, somewhat tomen- tose, olivaceous ; stem firm, conical, then nearly equal, reticu- lated entirely, or at the apex, scarlet ; tubes adnate, minute, angular, yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 416. Krombh. t. 37. f. 1-7. Schceff. t. 815. Bolt. t. 84. Eng. FI. v.p. 151. Saund. Smith , t. 18. In mixed woods. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Epping Forest. [Mid. Carolina.] Differs from B. subtomentosus in the red, thicker, reticulated stem and nar- rower tubes. Flesh more or less changing to blue. — Fries . Spores spindle- shaped, yellowish brown, *0003 X ‘00014 in. 717. Boletus olivaceus. Schceff. “ Olive Boletus.” Pileus convex, even, at length smooth, olive-brown, margin at first inflexed, stem firm, clavato-bulbous, reticulate, punc- tate, blood-red, yellowish above ; tubes adnate, short, minute, unequal, olive-yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 416. Schceff. t. 105. B . pachypus , var . b. Eng. FI. v. p. 151. Purt . no. 988. 256 POLYPOREI, In woods. Rare. Oct. Pileus olive brown ; tubes bright yellow j stem brown below, yellow above. — Purt . Pileus from 1^-2 in. in diameter, seldom more ; stem rather short. 718. Boletus pachypus. Fr. “ Thick- stemmed Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, dry, subtomentose, brownish, them pallid tan ; stem thick, firm, reticulated , variegated yellow and red ; tubes somewhat elongated, shortened near the stem, almost free, rounded, yellow; orifice of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr.p. 417. Letell. Supp. t. 641. Kromb. t. 35./. 13-15. Eng. FI. v. p. 151. Saund. Sm. t. 17. In woods. July — Sept. Epping Forest. [Low. Carolina.] Pileus 6-7 in. broad, dry, pulvinate, subtomentose, pale reddish brown, very thick and fleshy, when young firm, when full grown very soft ; flesh white, not changeable ; tubes free, at first lemon-coloured, afterwards dirty yellow, simple ; stem 3-4 in. high, 2^ in. thick, bulbous, often swollen from the top, rarely equal, reticulated, yellowish when young, subrufescent when old, sometimes two or three springing from the same root. — M. J . B. This species sometimes changes very sparingly to blue. Taste not un- pleasant. Spores large, oval, yellowish ochre, *0005 X *00022 in. Sect. 4. Edules. 719. Boletus edulis. Bull. “ Edible Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, smooth, moist, brownish ; stem stout, reticu- lated, pallid brown ; tubes nearly free, elongated, minute, at first white, then yellow and greenish. — Fr. Epicr . p. 420. Bull . t. 60, 494. Sow. t. 111. Sv. Bot. 1. 197. Lenz.f. 34. Tratt. aus.f. 34. Krombh. t. 31. Vitt. t. 22. Letell. S. t. 614. Schceff. 1. 134, 135. Paul. t. 167, 168. Berk. Outl. t. 15./. 6. Fuss. i. t . 81. Cooke , B.F. t. 15. Smith , E.M.f. 2. Eng. FI. v. p. 153. Badh.i. t. 3, ii. t. 3,/. 1,2. Price ,/. 63. Barla. £.311. Vent. t. 8. Hogg, fy Johnst. 1 . 11 . In woods. Common. Esculent. [Mid. Carolina.] Pileus 6 in. or more broad, pulvinate, at length convexo-expanded, smooth, shining, often rugose, and much cracked, dark umber, pale towards the margin, slightly viscid, extreme margin white, scarcely downy. Flesh turn- ing a little reddish near the epidermis. Tubes nearly free, at first white, then lemon-coloured, at length dull yellow, simple, their orifices angular. Spores large, greenish ochre. Stem 4 in. high or more, 2 in. thick, fawn coloured, incrassated above and below, reticulated. — M. J . B. var. /3. elephantinus, changes to blue when cut or bruised, Banstead Downs, Surrey. — Schceff. t. 277. FOLYPOREI. 257 720. Boletus fragrans. Vitt. “Fragrant Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, repand, sub-tomentose, umber-brown ; mar- gin indexed; stem stout, even, variegated with red and yellow; tubes semi-free, minute, round, greenish-yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 421. Vitt. F. Mang.t. 19. Smith . Seem. Journ.l868,p. 33. B. xanthophorus , Krombh. t. 75,/. 15-21. In woods, under oaks, &c. Sept. Oct. Esculent. The pileus is bronze-brown, pulvinate, and scabrous ; tubes minute, and of a beautiful shade of subdued yellow-green ; the stem, which is thickened downwards, is brown and also scabrous, and the flesh is pure white, which changes here and there to the slightest imaginable shade of cobalt on being cut or broken ; the spores are pale yellowish-green, ovate, with an apiculus at one end, ’00045 in. long, *00017 in. broad. — W. G. S. 721. Boletus impolitus. Fr. “Unpolished Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, dilated, flocculose, dingy, pallid, at length granulose or cracked ; margin obtuse ; stem short, stout, com- pact, even, pallid ; tubes nearly free, very long, rather large, yellowish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 421. Krombh. t. 74,/. 8, 9. Schceff.t. 108. Letell. t. 614. On woodsides. Esculent. Attains a diameter of four or more inches. Stem about 2 in. Flesh more or less changingto blue when cut. Often very large. Spores oval, or spindle- shaped, pale greenish brown, *0005 X *00022 in. 722. Boletus aestivalis. Fr. “ Early Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, silky, soft, then rivulose, minutely granulated and silky, opaque, pallid tan ; stem stout, firm, sub-conical, even, pallid, white ; tubes elongated, minute, equal, of the same .colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 422. Paul. 1. 170. Huss. ii. 25. Hogg Johnst. 1. 18. In woodland pastures. Esculent. One of the largest of the genus, sometimes 6-8 in. in diameter; stem 2 in. thick. Pileus pale tan or grey silky, granulated when old, cracking into somewhat hexagonal or irregular patches. Flesh not turning blue. Spores elongated oval, greenish-brown, rather dark, ’00048 X ‘00018 in. Sect. 5. Luridi. 723. Boletus Satanas. Lem. “ Satanic Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, smooth, somewhat viscid, brownish tan colour, then whitish, stem blunt, ovato-ventricose, reticulated above, blood red ; tubes free, minute, yellow ; orifice from the 258 POLYPOREI. first blood red. — Fr. Epicr. p. 417. Lenz. /. 33. Bog. t. 6. Krombh. t. 38. /. 1-6. Huss. i. t. 7. Ann. N.H. no. 340. Smith. P.M.f. 27. In woods. Poisonous. [Mid. Carolina.] Pileus sometimes 8 in. across, commonly less, pulvinate, soft to the touch, naked, dry, smooth, whitish, leather-buff or greenish, often shading into a red tinge ; flesh solid, becoming soft, tender, and juicy, white, turning reddish, then blue ; stem 2-3 in. high, thick, finely reticulated above, the reticulations purple-crimson, often vanishing in age, the stem growing streaked below. Spores rich brown, oval, or spindle-shaped, *00047 X *00022 in. 724. Boletus luxidus. Fr. “ Lurid Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, tomentose, olive-umber, then subviscid, dingy; stem stout, vermilion-red, reticulated, or punctate, with darker markings ; tubes free, rounded, yellow, then greenish ; orifice from vermilion to orange. — Fr. Epicr. p. 418. Schceff. t. 107. Tratt. Aust. /. 17. Grev. t. 121. Letell. f. 32. Krombh. t. 38. /. 11-17. Bull. t. 100. Bolt. t.85.var. Berk. Outl. t . 15./. 5. Eng. FI. v. p. 152. Gard. Chiton. (1860)^9. 385. Harz. t. 56. Badh. t. 7. /. 12. ii. t. 6./. 3-5. Smith P.M.f. 10. Barla , t. 33. /. 1-5. In woods and woodland pastures. Common. Poisonous. [Mid. Carolina.] Pileus 2-6 in. broad, convex, expanded, minutely tomentose, olive, brick- red, pinkish, cream-coloured, or ferruginous brown; flesh more or less yellow, changing to blue. Tubes free, yellow or greenish, their orifices of a beautiful red or bright orange, quite simple, round. Spores olivaceous-ochre. Stem variable in length, bulbous, tomentose, sometimes quite smooth, red, with ferruginous or the brightest yellow shades, solid, generally more or less marked or reticulated with crimson-red. — M. J. B. Spores very large, oval, greenish slate colour, *0006 X *00035 in. 725. Boletus exythxopus. P. “ Dotted-stem Boletus.” Pileus tomentose, almost velvety, tawny ; stem elongated, equal, not reticulated, dotted with red, squamuloso-punctate, reddish within at the base ; tubes free. — Fr. Epicr. p. 418. FI. Dan. t. 1962. Letell. t. 612. Barla . t. 33,/. 6, 7. In woods. King’s Cliffe. Included by Fries with B. luridus as a variety, smaller, but more beauti- ful. Flesh yellow here and there, blue when cut, but partially red, with a more slender, punctato-squamulose, and not reticulated stem. 726. Boletus puxpuxeus. Fr. u Purple Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, somewhat velvety, opaque, dry, purplish-red; stem stout, yellow, variegated with purple veins and dots ; tubes POLYPOREI. 259 almost free, minute, greenish yellow, orifice purple-orange. — Fr . Epicr. p. 418. Krombh. t. 37, 12-15. Ann. N. H.no. 341. Letell. t. 678. Barla. t. 33,/. 8-10. In woods. Bare; King’s Cliffe. Staplehurst. [Mid. Carolina.] Rev. M. J. Berkeley states that he has found all these four species together in the same wood, which consisted chiefly of lime trees. Spores somewhat spindle-shaped, green sepia-brown, *0004 X ‘0002 in. (Fig. 62, reduced.) B. Dermini — spores subferruginous. 727. Boletus viscidus. L . “Viscid Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, soft, smooth, viscid, dingy-yellowish ; veil subannulate, torn, white, appendiculate ; stem torn, reticulated above ; tubes wide, adnate, unequal, livid. — Fr. Epicr . p. 423. Ann. N.H. no. 278. In woods. Bare. The rather large and angular tubes will distinguish this from the rest of the species with rusty spores. Spores very small, spindle-shaped, elongated, brownish green, *00038 X *00012 in. 728. Boletus versipellis. Fr. “ Orange-cap Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, dry, at first closely tomentose, then scaly and smooth between ; veil membranaceous, annular, inflexed, appen- diculate ; stem solid, attenuated above, rugoso-squamose ; tubes free, plane, minute, dingy- white, orifice greyish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 424. Batt. t. 50, /. A. Schceff. t. 103. Sow. t. 110. Krombh . t. 32. In woods. [Mid. Carolina.] Pileus of a beautiful orange, closely allied to Boletus scaler , but apparently not so common. Spores spindle-shaped, pale, ochraceous, *00056 X *00021 in. 729. Boletus scaber. Fr. “ Shaggy Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, smooth, viscid when moist, at length rugu- lose or rivulose ; margin veiled ; stem solid, attenuated, rough with fibrous scales ; tubes free, convex, round, minute, white, then dingy. — Fr. Epicr. p. 424. Lenz.f. 32. Vitt.t. 28. Bull. t. 132, 489,/. 1, 2. FI. Dan. t. 833,/. 3. Eng. FI. y.p. 153. Badh. i. t. l,f. l,ii. t. 6,/. 1, 2. Barla. t. 35. Vent. t. 9, 10. Sow. 1. 175. Krombh. t. 32, f. 1-10, £.35,/. 1-6. Schceff. t. 104. Russ. i. t. 57. Hogg, Johnst . t. 22. In woods. Common. Esculent. [Carolina, U. S.] 260 POLYPOREI. Pileus 3-7 in. or more broad, pulvinate, viscid when moist, very variable in colour, white, cinereous, brown olive, deep orange, or vermilion, smooth or minutely downy, the down sometimes collected into minute fasciculate scales ; flesh very thick, soft, not changeable in young specimens, in older ones red- dish-grey when bruised, and sometimes black ; tubes white, pulvinate, stained with the yellow-brown spores, their orifices often ferruginous before the expansion of the pileus, minute, round ; stem 6 in. or more high, atten- uated upwards, squarrose with black or orange scales, sometimes marked with coarse-raised lines . At first the stem is ovate and the pileus very nar- row. There are frequent traces of a floccose veil. — M . J. B. Spores spindle- shaped, pale brown, *00055 X *00022 in. I have found a variety at Staple- hurst, with the pileus snow-white. — W. G. S. C. Hyporrhodii — spores roseate. 730. Boletus alutarius. Fr. “.Tan-coloured Boletus.’’ Pileus pulvinate, expanded, soft, velvety, then smooth, brown- ish-tan ; flesh white ; stem solid, bulbous, nearly even, white ; apex pitted ; tubes depressed about the stem, short, plane, round, white, brown when bruised.- — Fr . Fpicr. p. 425. Krombh. t. 74,/, 8, 9. Ann. N.H. no. 342. In woodland pastures. Pare. 731. Boletus felleus. Bull. “ Bitter Boletus.” Pileus pulvinate, soft, smooth, even, brownish or reddish-grey ; stem solid, attenuated upwards, reticulated ; tubes adnate, convex, elongated, angular, white then flesh-coloured, as well as the sub- stance of the pileus when broken. — Fr. Fpicr. p. 425. Bull, t . 379. Krombh. t. 74,/. 1-7. Ann. N.H. no. 79. Smith , P.M.f. 29. In woods, &c. Pare. King’s Cliffe. [Low. and Mid. Carolina.] Spores spindle-shaped, salmon colour, *00064 X *0002 in. D. Leucospori — spores white. 732. Boletus cyanescens. Bull. “ Sibthorp’s Boletus.” Pileus convexo-expanded, closely tomentose or floccoso-squam- ose, opaque, tan-coloured, becoming brownish ; flesh compact, white, dark-blue when broken ; stem stuffed, then hollow, ven- tricose, villoso-pruinose, of the same colour, constricted above, even, white; tubes free, minute round, white, then yellow. — Fr. Fpicr. p. 426. Bull.t. 369. Let ell. t. 654. Krombh. t. 35, /. 7-9. Seem. Journ. t . 30,/. 7, 8. Boq. t. 8,/. 1. Eng. FI. v.p. 154. Barla. t. 37, f. 1-7. POLYPOREI. 261 In woods. Oxford, Neatishead, &c. cc Pileus 2-5 in. broad, rigid, pale, straw-coloured, subf uliginous, the margin acute ; flesh white, when broken changing instantly to the most beautiful azure blue, and when squeezed distilling a blue juice; tubes short, when young scarcely a line long, white or lemon-coloured ; stem distinct from the pileus, the apex contracted, brittle, never reticulated, but villoso- pruinose.” — Fries. Tubes very pale lemon colour. Spores white, or with a suggestion of sulphur, spindle-shaped, *0006 in. long. It has now been recorded in Oxfordshire, Norfolk, Herts, Surrey, Devon, and Beds (Abbot). 733. Boletus castaneus. Bull . “ Chestnut Boletus.” Pileus convex, expanded or depressed, firm, opaque, velvety, cinnamon ; stem stuffed, then hollow, attenuated from the some- what bulbous base, cinnamon ; flesh white, unchangeable ; tubes free, short, round, white, then dirty-yellow. — Fr. Epicr . p. 426. Bull . t. 328. Huss . ii. 1. 17. Eng. FI. Y.p. 152. Barla. t. 32, /. 11- 15. In woods. Rare. Highgate. [Mid. Carolina.] Pileus 3 in. broad, depressed when old, but broadly pul vinate in the centre, subtomentose, the down raised up into little flat scales, beautiful dark- rufous tan ; flesh thick, mottled, stained beneath the cuticle with the colour of the pileus, not changing colour, viscid, insipid or subacid ; tubes vivid yellow, half-free, not reaching to the extreme margin ; spores yellow ; stem sometimes short, swelling in the centre, attenuated below, hollow, sometimes long and equal, beautifully tinged with yellow and rufous.— M.J.B, Gen . 19. STROBILOMCYCES, Berk. Hymenophore quite distinct from the hymenium. Pileus fleshy, at length tough. Spores globose, or broadly elliptic, mi- nutely rough. — M. J. B. Fig. 63. 734. Strobilomyces strobilaceus. Berk. “ Cone-like Boletus.” Blackish umber. Pileus pulvinate, rough with thick floccose scales ; stem equal, veiled, sulcate above ; tubes adnate, white, 262 POLYPOREX. angular, whitish-brown. — Berk . Outl. p. 236. Dicks, i. t. 3, f. 2. Pers. M.E. t. 19. B.strobilaceus,Fr. Epicr. p. 422. Krombh. t. 4, /. 28-30, f. 74,/. 12-13. Eng. FI. v. p. 154. In fir woods. Pare. Ludlow. Haywood Forest, Hereford. [Carolina. Canada.] Spores very dark. Pileus 2 in. broad, tesselated or cracked, like the cone of the Scotch fir ; pores very white ; stem 3-4 in. high, thick, solid. — M. J. B. (Fig. 63.) Pilens 2-4 in. broad, tough, pnlvinate, brown, broken up into large, thick projecting scales (like the cone of the Scotch fir), merging into a thick floc- cose, raggedand pendulous, white veil at margin ; stem solid, equal, coarsely, fibrillose, 3-6 in. long, ^ in. or more thick, brown at the base, and white at the deeply sulcato-reticulated apex, which runs gradually into the tubes ; tubes white, very large, adnate, or with a decurrent tooth anastomosing ; spores oval, nearly globose, stalked, blackish-brown, *00038 X *00053 in. The whole plant turns deep sienna-red when cut or braised. — W. G. S. Gen. 20. POLYPORUS, Fr. Gen. Ilym. Hymenopliore descending into the trama of the pores, which are not easily, if at all, separable, and changed with them into a distinct substance. (Fig. 64.) Hymenophore descending into the trama of the pores, which are confluent with the substance of the pileus, and not easily, if at all, separable from each other, or from the hymenophore; the trama, with the pores, when full grown, being different from the hymenophore in substance and often in colour. Pores at first clearly formed by the perforation of the substance of the pileus, very minute, imperfect, or entirely absent, then rounded, angular, or lacerated. Fungi of various forms, at first of an acid odour, not preformed like Bo- letus , but growing indefinitely. Polyporus is the central genus of the Poly - porei , more or less approaching in character to all the other genera, as Agaricus does to the genera of the Agaricini . The sections of Polyporus are founded on structural characters, but the genus might be divided accord- ing to the colour of the spores, like Agaricus . — W.G.S . Sect. 1. Mesopus — pileus entire, stem distinct. 735. Polypoxus brumalis. Fr. “ Winter Polyporus.” Pileus between fleshy and coriaceous, subumbilicate, zoneless, in the first season dingy villous, in the second squamulose, be- POEYPOREI. 263 . coming smooth, pallid ; stem thin, hirsuto-squamulose, pallid ; pores oblong, angular, slender, acute, denticulate, white. — Fr . Epicr. p. 430. Batsch. f. 42. FI. Dan. 1 . 1297. Bostic, t. 8. Eng. FI. y.p.135. Ann. N.H.no. 343. Krombh. t.k.f. 19-21. FI. ex. no. 204. Feld. exs. 1396. On dead trunks and branches. Rare. [Low. and Mid. Carolina.] Pileus 1-4 in. broad, nearly plane, depressed in the centre, dingy, clothed with minute scales, at length fawn-coloured, and nearly smooth. Pores very slightly angular, white, the dissepiments rather thick. Stem f-2 in. high, 2-4 lin. thick, central, velvety, hirsute or squamulose. — M.J.B. 736. Polypozus fuscidulus. Fr. “Yellow-brown Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, subcoriaceous, conyexo -plane, zoneless, even, yellowish-brown ; stem rather slender, equal, smooth, pallid; pores adnate, somewhat rounded or angular, obtuse, quite entire, yellowish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 431. Bolt, £.170. Amongst chips, &c. Rare. Stem 1-2 in. long, 2 lin. thick, nearly straight, equal, or thickened towards each extremity, tawny or yellowish. Pileus 1-2 in. broad ; flesh tough, yel- lowish white. 737. Polypozus leptocephalus. Fr. “ White-pored Polyporus.” Pileus tough, coriaceous, convexo-plane, thin, smooth, zone- less, even, pallid, then fawn-coloured ; stem short, smooth, pallid; pores adnate, minute, subrotund, obtuse, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 432. Jacq . Misc.i. 1 . 12. Paul. 1 . 164. /. 1. Mich. t. 70. f. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 135. On trunks. Rare. Pileus 1 in. broad, tawny- bay, flat, thin, leather-like; pores white, very short; stem pale or reddish-brown, thick as a crow quill, and about half an inch high.— With. 738. Polyporus lentus. Berk. " Tough Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, but tough, umbilicate, minutely scaly, especially at first ; s^em hispid, furfuraceous, rather slender, incurved, central or excentric ; pores irregular, decurrent, white. — Berk. Outl.p. 237. 1 . 16,/. 1. Eng . FI. v.p. 134. On old furze stems. Northamptonshire and Notts. Pileus 1^ in. broad, convex or slightly depressed, at first furfuraceo-squam- ulose, reddish-brown, at length nearly smooth, ochraceous ; the margin fibrilloso-squamose, of a tough, fleshy substance ; pores large, rather deep, decurrent, roundish or subquadrate, at first white ; edges slightly toothed, 264 POLYPORE I, and powdered with the white oblong spores ; stem |-l in. high, f in. thick, central, covered with pores to the very base, only the lower ones abortive, and their interstices pilose, or distinctly furfuraceous, nearly of the colour of the pileus.— M. J. B. 739. Polyporus Schweinitzii. Fr. “ Schweinitz’s Polyporus.” Pileus thick, spongy, then corky, strigoso-tomentose, rough, bright brown ; stem thick, very short or obsolete, ferruginous ; pores large, variable, and torn, greenish-sulphur. — Fr. Epicr. p. 433. Sv. Bot. t. 720. Mich. t. 70. / 1. Ann. N.H. no. 805. Corda. v. t. 10./. 88. Kl. ex. no. 513. Amongst roots of pines. Rare. [Mid. Carolina.] It occurs with a central stem, and also imbricated, and varies in the thick- ness of the tomentose coat. — B. & Br. Spores oval, white or transparent, •00014 X '00031 in. 740. Polyporus rufescens. Fr. “ Eufescent Polyporus.” Flesh-coloured. Pileus between spongy and corky, soft, un- equal, hairy ; stem short, irregular ; pores large, sinuose and lacerated, white or flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 433. Sow.t. 190. On the ground, about stumps. [United States.] Smaller than P. Schweinitzii , softer, and of a different colour. 741. Polyporus perennis. Fr. “ Perennial Polyporus.” Cinnamon, then bright brown. Pileus coriaceous, thin, plane, then infundibuliform, velvety, becoming smooth, zoned ; stem rather firm, thickened below, velvety ; pores minute, angular, acute, at first veiled, then naked and torn. — Fr. Epicr. p. 434. Bosth. t. 6. Bolt. t. 87. Sow. 1. 192. FI. Dan. t. 1075,/. 1. Bull, t. 449,/. 2. Schceff.t. 125. Kl. exs. no. 31. Fckl.exs. 1400. Paul, t. 164,/. 5,6. Huss. i. t. 51. Eng. FI. y.p. 136. Price,/. 86. Vent, t. 61,/. 1. Bisch.f. 3257. On the ground and stumps. [United States.] Pileus l|-2 in. broad, varying in depth of colour, cup-shaped when young, nearly plane when old ; often confluent, zoned, soft and velvety, and marked with little raised, radiating lines, giving it a striated appearance ; margin fimbriate or laciniated ; pores small, roundish or angular, at length torn, de- current. Stem 1 in. high, variable in thickness, very tough, velvety, bul- bous at the base. — M . J. B. Spores oval, white, '0001 X *00018 in. A beau- tiful variety occurs on charcoal heaps^ in woods, with a zoned pileus, £dark rich chestnut brown, sometimes almost jet black. POLYPOREI. 265 Sect. 2. Pleuropus — pileus horizontal, stem lateral or excentric. 742. Polyporus squamosus. Fr. “ Scaly Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, flabelliform, expanded, sub-ochraceous, variegated, with broad, adpressed, spot-like, centrifugal, darker scales ; stem excentric and lateral, blunt, reticulated above, blackened at the base ; pores thin, variable, at first minute, then broad, angular and torn, pallid. — Fr. Epicr.p . 438. Grev. t. 207. Bostic, t. 2. Schceff. 1 . 101,102. FI. Dan. t. 983, 1196. Bolt. t. 77. Paul. 1 . 16. Sterb . 1 . 13. 14. Huss. i. t. 51. Cooke^B.F. t. 19. Vent, t. 37. Price J. 115. KLexs.no. 30. Harz.t. 32. Gard. Cliron . (1860),/). 975. Eng. Fl.Y.p. 134. Fckl.exs. 1328. On trunks, especially ash. Common. Solitary or imbricated. From a globose, or turgid, scaly, blackish knob, arise one or more stems, which are at first slightly compressed, flat, and hol- lowed out above where they are furfuraceous ; gradually the depressed surface expands, and the hymenium is formed beneath the small scales of the upper part of the stem. Pileus, when fully expanded, pallid ochraceous, with scattered, brown, adpressed scales ; spores oblong, white. In vaults and hollow trees it sometimes assumes the form of a Clavaria , but in this case seldom produces a pileus.— M. J. B. Spores oval, white, very large, *0005 X *000025 in. 743. Polyporus Rostkovii. Fr. “ Rostkovius’s Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, dimidiate, somewhat infundibuliform, smooth, even, dingy ; stem long, excentric, reticulated, abruptly black, base thickened ; pores decurrent, broad, pentagonal, acute, toothed, white, then dirty yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 439. Bostic. 1. 17. Ann. N.H. no. 709. Bisch.f. 3305. On stumps. Pare. Thin, flaccid, 6 in. across, infundibuliform, but often lateral, smooth, even, pale ochraceous, mottled below with darker spots and virgate, dark brown at the base ; margin lobed, involute. Flesh white, tough. Stem connate, black, tough, reticulate from the decurrent pores. Pores large, 2 lines or more long, elongated, edge obtuse, or very thin and torn. Spores with two nuclei, *0005 in. long, *0002 in. broad. — B.&Br. 744. Polyporus picipes. Fr. “ Pied-stem Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, coriaceous, rigid, tough, even, smooth, depressed behind or in the centre ; stem excentric and lateral, equal, firm, at first velvety, then naked, punctate, with black dots ; pores decurrent, rounded, small, tender, white, at length reddish-grey. — Fr. Epicr. p. 440. Grev. t. 202. Pers. Ic . Piet. t. 4,/. 1, 2. Bostic, t. 20. Fclcl . exs. 1397. N 266 POLYPOREI. On trunks. Imbricated, flesh white. Pileus depressed behind, commonly emarginate. Colour usually livid, with a chestnut coloured disc. 745. Polypoms vaarius. Fr. “ Variable Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, thin, soon woody, smooth, sub-yirgate, irregular, depressed behind or in the centre ; stem excentric and lateral, even, smooth, gradually blackish-cinereous downwards ; pores decurrent, minute, short, rounded, unequal, whitish, or watery cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr.p. 440. Batsch.f. 129. Bull.t . 360, 445,/. 2. Buxb. v. t . 15,/. 2. Bolt. t. 168. Eng. Fl.v.p. 136. Kl . exs. no. 223. On trunks. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Variable in size, |-4 in. broad. Pileus hard, lateral, excentric or regular, infundibuliform or convex, deep red brown or dirty white, smooth and even. Pores decurrent, very minute and shallow. Stem, when present, generally either altogether or abruptly jet black at the base. Occasionally the stem is altogether pal e.—M. J. B. 746. Polypoms elegans. Fr. “ Elegant Polyporus.” Pileus equally fleshy, soon indurated, woody, expanded, even, smooth, self-coloured ; stem excentric or lateral, even, smooth, pallid, base from the first abruptly black, rooting ; pores plane, minute, sub-rotund, pallid, yellowish-white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 440. Bull t. 46. FI. Dan. t . 1075,/. 1. Rosth.t. 11. Bolt. t. 83. Feld, exs. 1395. On trunks. [Up. Carolina.] var. / 3 . numnmlaxius, smaller, thinner, sub-regular ; stem equal, excentric. — Rosth.t. 12. Bull. 1. 124. On trunks. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, pale ochre or orange, shining, not infundibuliform, scarcely depressed. In the variety the pileus does not exceed 1 in. 747. Polypoms quercinus. Fr. “ Oak Polyporus.” Pileus corky, soft, tongue-shaped, very thick, convexo-plane, even, at first flocculoso-granulose, pallid tan, narrowed behind into the thick horizontal stem ; pores short, minute, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 441. Krombli. t. 5,/. 3-5, t. 48,/. 11-13. Raul. 1. 18, /. 1-4. Huss. i. t. 52. Ann. N. H. no. 344. On old oaks. Pare. Apethorpe, Kent. A very distinct species, having somewhat the form of Fistulina hepatica . It is of a beautiful yellow-brown with rather shallow pores. — B. JSr, POLYPOREI. 267 748. Polyporus lucidus. Fr. “ Shining Polyporus.” Pileus corky or woody, flabelliform, sulcate, rugose, yellow, then reddish-chestnut, varnished and shining, as well as the lateral, equal stem ; pores determinate, long, minute, white, then cinnamon. — Fr.Epicr.p. 442. Grev. t. 245. Bostk. t. 13. Krornbh. t. 4,/. 22-24. Sow. t. 134. Paul. 1. 10,/. 1-2. ( Batt . t. 36. t. 35, D. var .) Berlc. Outl. 1. 15,/. 2. Eng. FI. v.p. 136. Vent. t. 49,/. 1, 2. Boq.t.2,f. 1. On the ground about stumps. [United States.] Pileus 2-6 in. broad, generally more or less oblique, very variable in thick- ness, rugose, often marked with concentric grooves or ridges chocolate brown, the edge often tawny or bright chestnut, shining as if varnished, with occa- sionally a vitreous appearance. Pores very minute, sub-rotund, pale, equal, at length cinnamon. Stem 6-10 in. high, 1 in. or more thick, rugose, marked occasionally with transverse lines of growth, shining like the pileus, some- times chocolate. Both the pileus and stem occasionally marked with minute wavy wrinkles. — M. J. B. Sect . 3. Merisma — divided into numerous pileoli. 749. Polyporus intybaceus. Fr. “ Grey-branched Polyporus.” Very much branched, fleshy, somewhat brittle, pileoli very numerous, dimidiate, expanded, sinuate, at length spathulate, nearly even, greyish -brown; stems united into a very short trunk; pores firm, obtuse, white, then brownish. — Fr.Epicr.p. 446. FI. Dan. t. 1793. Paul. t. 30. Huss. i. t. 6. Sow. t. 87. P. frondosus , Eng. FI. v.p. 137. On trunks. Rare. Esculent. Pilei very numerous, dimidiate, condensed into a convex tuft, £-1 foot broad, imbricated, variously confluent, irregular, at first downy, dusky, then smooth, livid grey, disc depressed, dilated above, ^-1 in. broad, convex, the base confluent with the compound stem. Smell like that of mice.— Fries. Spores oval, white, *0002 X *00014 in. 750. Polyporus cristatus. Fr. “ Crested Polyporus.” Branched, firmly fleshy, fragile, pileoli entire and dimidiate, imbricated, depressed, somewhat pulverulent or villous, then rimoso-squamose, greenish-brown ; stems connate, irregular, white; pores minute, angular and torn, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 447. Bostic. 1. 16. Schceff. t. 113 ? Eng. FI. v.p. 138. Krornbh. t. 48,/. 15, 16. Barla. t. 29,/ 4-7. Bisch.f. 3297. Fckl. exs . 1394. In beech woods. Rare. [Mid. Carolina.] n 2 268 . POLYPOREI. Stem lateral, irregular, pruinose, white, at length brown. Pilei sub- carnose, irregular, confluent in an involute manner, villoso-pulverulent, about 8 in. broad, yellow-green. Pores unequal, dirty-white, when torn more or less of a green hue.— Fries. 751. Polyporus giganteus. Fr. 6 ‘ Large-branched Polyporus.” Imbricated, fleshy, tough, somewhat coriaceous ; pilei dimi- diate, very broad, flaccid, somewhat zoned, rivulose, bright- brown, depressed behind ; stem branched, connate from a common tuber ; pores minute, nearly round, pallid, at length torn. — Fr. Epicr.p. 448. Rostk. 1 . 19. Schceff. t. 267. Bolt.t. 76. Huss. i. t . 82. Holms. 1. 13, var. Eng. FI. v. p. 137. Bisch.f. 3324. FI. Dan. t. 1793. Fckl. exs. no. 1897. On trunks. Rare. [Low. and Mid. Carolina.] Forming large tufts, 1-2 feet or more broad, branched in an imbricated manner. Pilei sublateral, flaccid, various in form, the surface granulated with minute brown flocci, rigid, when dry squamoso-fibrillose, at first pale, then brownish-yellow, disc depressed, at length black. Pores minute, dirty brown when bruised, at length torn. — Eng. FI. (Fig. 64, reduced.) 752. Polyporus sulfur eus. Fr. “ Sulphury Polyporus.” Csespitose, of a cheesy consis- tence, soon growing pale, crack- ing ; pileoli very broad, imbrica- ted, undulated, nearly smooth, reddish-yellow ; pores minute, plane, sulphur-coloured, at length torn. — Fr. Epicr. p. 450. Grev. t. 113. Bisch.f. 3287 . Kl.exs.no . 1005. Rostk. t. 20. Bull. t. 429. Sow. 1. 135. Huss. i. t. 46. Berk. Outl.t. 16,/. 3. Eng.Fl.v.p. 138. Retell, t. 626. Price, f. 116. Fckl. exs. 1392. [United States.] Pilei imbricated, forming a large, compact, somewhat branched mass, some- times 2-3 feet broad. Pores minute, often formed of inflexed or incurved portions of the mass. Spores white. Dry specimens are often incrusted with crystals of binoxalate of potash.— Eng. FI. Spores oval, white, mi- nutely papillose, *0003 X ’00023 in. (Fig. 65, reduced.) 753. Polyporus alligatus. Fr. “ Connected Polyporus.” Csespitose, fibrous or of a cheesy consistence, rigid, but brittle ; pileoli imbricated, unequal, without zones, villous, isabelline or On trunks. Common. POLYPOREI. 269 tan-coloured ; pores minute, soft, white, easily obliterated with flocci.— Fr. Epicr. p. 450. Sow.t. 422. At the base of trunks. Eare. 754. Polyporus heteroclitus. Fr. “ Ground Polyporus.” Casspitose, coriaceous ; pileoli sessile, expanded everywhere from a common, radical tubercle, lobed, villous, without zones, orange; pores irregular and elongated, golden -yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 451. Bolt. 1. 164. Eng. FI. v.p. 135. On the ground, under oaks. Pileus 2g in. broad. It shoots out several flat pieees from a hard and co- riaceous root, which is white within, lying on the surface of the earth in a horizontal direction. Pores very variable in size and form.— Purton. 755. Polyporus salignus. Fr . “ Willow Polyporus.” Imbricate, casspitose, coriaceous, soft, elastic; pileoli dimi- diate, dilated, reniform, incrusted with adpressed, whitish down, tumid, sublobate, somewhat sulcate and depressed about the mar- gin ; pores thin, crowded, elongated, flexuose, intricate, white. — Fr. Epicr.p . 452. Bolt. t. 78. Batt. t. 38, E. P. salicinus 7 Grev. 7 Bostic, t. 2. On willows. 756. Sect. 4. Apus — Sessile. A. Anodermei. Polyporus epileucus. Fr. “ Grey-elm Polyporus.” Pileus of a cheesy consistence, firm, pulvinate, villoso-scru- pose, unequally grey, internally white-zoned ; pores round and elongated, obtuse, entire, white.— Fr. Epicr . p. 452. Bostic, t. 26. Smith. Seem. Journ. 1868, p. 34. P. spumeus , FI. Dan. 1. 1794. On elm trunks. Nov. Holloway. London. [United States.] It is a very large and handsome species, stemless, of a rich but subdued yellow colour, and somewhat corky consistence; the tubes are very minute, and about f of an inch long ; the pileus is tough, shaggy? and dingy-white. — W. G. S. 757. Polyporus chioneus. Fr. “ Soft white Polyporus.” White. Pileus fleshy, soft, without zones, somewhat even and smooth, rather expanded behind ; margin acute, indexed ; pores short, small, rounded, equal, quite entire. — Fr. Epicr. p. 453. Pers. M.E. ii., $.15. f.2. Ann. N.H. no. 806. 270 POLYPOREI. On trunks. Always soft, fragile, hyaline white when moist, whitish when dry, about 1 in. broad. Spores white, oval, *0008 X *00013 in. 758. Polyporus fragilis. Fr. “ Fragile Polyporus.” Whitish, spotted with brown when touched; pileus between fleshy and fibrous, fragile, piano-depressed, or versiform, fibroso- rugose, convex below ; pores slender, elongated, flexuose, intri- cate. — Fr. Epicr. p . 454. Ann . N.H. no. 710. On fir. Cornwall. 759. Polyporus csesius. Fr. “ Blue-grey Polyporus.” White, here and there tinged with blue ; pileus fleshy, soft, tough, unequal, silky ; pores small, unequal, elongated, flexuose, dentate, and torn. — Fr. Epicr. p. 454. Sow. t. 226. Eng. FI. v. p. 139. FI. Dan . t. 1963./. 2. On fallen sticks. [Mid. Carolina.] A small species, in. broad, variously imbricated and laciniated, some- times stipitate, very delicate, changing when touched to bluish ; flesh thin; pores of various lengths, sometimes oblique, and deeper than the flesh of the pileus. — M.J.B. Spores pale blue, oval, *0001 X ‘0005 in. 760. Polyporus destructor. Fr. “ Destructive Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, watery, fragile, effused or reflexed, rugose, whitish, tinged with brown, zoned within ; pores long, rounded, toothed, and torn, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 454. Krombh. t . 3, /. 3. Rosth. t.27. Bisch.f. 3422. Kl. exs. no. 225. On larch and Scotch fir, and on the ground. [Mid. Carolina.] Waved and incrusting, broad, wholly resupinate. 761. Polyporus nidulans. Fr. (i Nestling Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, very soft, subpulvinate, villous, becom- ing even, not zoned, reddish-grey, within of the same colour ; pores long, medium sized, unequal, angular, tawny, inclining to brick-red.- — Fr. Epicr. p. 455. Schceff. t. 136? Ann. N.H. no. 345. Kl.exs.no. 809, 1914. On fallen sticks. Fragrant when dry ; colour of the pileus rufescent or yellowish ; margin spreading, somewhat obtuse. 762. Polyporus rutilans. Fr- “ Reddish Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, thin, soft, at first villous, then smooth, not zoned, tawny cinnamon, growing pale, of the same colour POLYPORE I. 271 within ; pores short, minute, thin, equal, acute, cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr . p. 455. Pers. Ic. fy Desc. t. 6, /. 4. Ann . N.H. no . 346. On fallen branches. July. When fresh very soft, of a beautiful reddish grey, and with a powerful but pleasant odour, like that of aniseed. — B. &Br. 763 . Poly poms fumosus. Fr. “ Smoky Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, corky, firm, without zones, silky, becoming smooth, undulated, dingy pale umber, dilated and adnate behind, fibrous within and somewhat zoned ; pores short, round, minute, whitish or dingy, darker when bruised. — Fr. Epicr . p. 456. Tratt. Aust. t .3./. 5. Fi. Dan. 1. 1963. f. 2. FI. Boruss. t. 392. Bail. t. 31. Fckl.exs. 1391. On stumps. Csespitose or imbricated, thick, of a smoky hue. 764 . Polypoms adustus. Fr. “ Scorched Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, firm, thin, villous, pallid cinereous, margin straight, blackish, effuso-reflexed behind; pores short, minute, round, obtuse, whitish pruinose, soon cinereous brown. — Fr. Epicr. p. 456. FI. Dan. t. 1850, /. 1. Batsch,f.22Q. Sow. t. 231. Eng. FI. v. p. 139. Kl. exs. no. 620. ii. 412. Fckl.exs. 1390. On stumps. [United States.] Pores very small and grey, even in younger specimens always leaving a whitish margin on the underside, which willreadily distinguish it.— Sow. 765 . Polypoms crispus. Fr. “ Crisped Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, coriaceous, rugose, blackish-cinereous, effuso-reflexed behind ; margin thin, crisped, at length black ; pores rather large, unequal, at length labyrinthiform, silvery- grey. — Fr. Epicr. p. 457. Batsch , /. 227. On stumps. [Mid. and Up. Carolina.] Smaller than P. adustus. Pileus when young dingy black, floccoso-rugose, without zones ; margin white, when mature thinner, becoming pale-grey, with a brown marginal zone. 766 . Polypoms adiposus. B.fyBr. “ Foxy- white Polyporus.” White, here and there acquiring a foxy tinge ; pileus soft, waxy, shortly reflexed, obscurely tomentose , hymenium rather thick ; pores small, edge obtuse. — Berk. Outl.p. 243. Ann. N.H. no. 711. 272 POLYPOREL On the ground. Very variable in form, sometimes fixed by the apex, sometimes resupinate, white, waxy, tbickisb when fresb, but losing much of its substance in age, here and there acquiring a foxy tinge ; substance not zoned within ; pores when horizontal with the edges even, but often elongated and irregular, not stratose ; surface scarcely tomentose, uneven. Turning brownish in drying. — B . & Br . 767. Polyporus amorphus. Fr. “ Amorphous Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, tough, thin, generally effuso-reflexed, pores minute, unequal, golden-yellow, at first dusted with white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 457. Sow. t. 423. Fees. f. 223. Eng. FI. y.p. 139. FcJcl. exs. 1372. On the ground amongst pine leaves. Resupinate with the upper margin refiexed or dimidiate, imbricated, somewhat zoned, white and silky ; pores minute, short, yellowish, or rich tawny, pruinose when young. — M. J. B. 768. Polyporus hispidus. Fr. “ Hispid Polyporus.” Pileus compact, spongy, fleshy, dimidiate, pulvinate, hispid, ' sub-ferruginous, divergently fibrous within ; pores minute, round, inclined to separate, fringed, paler. — Fr. Epicr. p. 458. Grev. t . 14. Bolt.t. 161. Sow. t. 345. Bull. t. 210, 493. Krombh.t. 48, f. 7-10. Huss. i. t. 29, 31. Eng. FI. y.p. 1.38. Kl. exs. no. 1913. F chi. exs. 1389. On trunks of living trees. Common. [United States.] Spores yellowish. Pileus a foot or more across, 4 in. thick, dimidiate, with occasionally an obsolete, knob-like stem, generally very hispid, but some- times almost smooth and cracked, substance fleshy but fibrous, marked with concentric lines, which seem to indicate different intervals in which vege- tation has been more or less dormant, brown, blackish, yellowish, or reddish- brown, below pale yellow or rich sienna brown, margin paler. — M. J. B . 769. Polypoms cuticularis . Fr. ‘ 1 Hairy Polyporus.” Pileus very thin, spongioso-camose, then dry, plane, hairy- tomentose, ferruginous, then blackish-brown ; margin fibroso- fimbriate, internally loose and parallel, fibrous ; pores long, minute, pallid, then ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 458. B. Br. Ann. N. H . (1866), no. 1137. Bull. t. 462. Kl. exs. no. 33. On trunks. Burnham Beeches. The hairs are curiously trifid at the apex, the spores yellow. Pores longer than the thickness of the flesh. Spores copious, ochraceous. POLYPOREI. 273 770. Polypoarus spumeus. Fr. “ Oozing Polyporus.” Whitish. Pileus fleshy, spongy, compact, pulvinate, gibbons, rugose, hispid ; base stem-like ; margin incurved ; pores seced- ing, minute, round, acute, entire. — Fr. Epicr.p. 459. Sow . t. 211. Berk. Outl. 1. 16,/. 4. Eng. FI. v. p. 139. Ann. N.E. no. 78. Fckl . exs . no. 1384. On trunks. Plant 3-4 in. across, thick, oozing out from the tree in a very soft mass, which hardens in a day, and if it dries favourably the pileus becomes hispid. — Eng. FI. B. Placodermei. 771. Polyporus dryadeus. Fr. “Dripping Polyporus.” Pileus spongy, fleshy, then corky, thick, pulvinate, sub-ferru- ginous, turning brown ; cuticle thin, soft, pitted, then even and smooth ; flesh fibrous, somewhat zoned, ferruginous ; pores very long, slender, round, soft, ferruginous, orifice at first paler. — Fr. Epicr.p. 460. Bull. t. 458. Huss. i. t. 21. Eng. FI. v. p. 143. Bostk. t. 9. At the foot of old oaks. Pileus 7 in. or more broad, 2^ in. thick, obtuse, pulvinate, grossly tuber- culated, minutely pitted towards the edge, and when fresh distilling drops of moisture, which is sometimes glutinous. When young cinnamon, when old cinereous or whitish, and the white surface when bruised changes to red-brown. Mass of spores nearly plane, pores minute red-brown within, their orifices whitish or sub-cinereous ; substance silky ; smell strong, sub- acid. — M. J. B. 772. Polyporus betulinus. Fr. “Birch Polyporus.” Pileus fleshy, then corky, ungulate, obtuse, smooth, without zones ; cuticle even, evanescent, brownish, vertex oblique, um- bonately expanded, adnate ; pores short, minute, round, unequal, white, at length seceding. — Fr. Epicr.p. 461. Grev. t. 246. Bostk. t. 22. Bull. t. 312. FI. Dan. 1. 1254. Eng. FI. v. p. 140. Bisch. f. 3296. Kl. exs. no. 32. Fckl. exs. no. 1387. On birch trees. Pileus 4-6 in. across, smooth, pale reddish-brown when mature, often mottled, roundish, or somewhat reniform ; flesh white, very thick ; pores white or tinged with brown, narrow, the orifices toothed, separable from the pileus when fresh, but really concrete with it. Spores white. — Grev . Taste and smell acid. 274 POLYPOREI. 773. Polyporus pallescens. Fr. “ Pallid Polyporus,” Pileus fleshy, spongy, then corky, thin, zoneless, even, smooth, yellowish ; margin acute, of the same colour ; pores short, minute, roundish, yellowish white. — Fr. Epicr.p . 463. Sow . t . 230. Eng . FI. v.p. 141. Fchl. exs.no. 1379. On old stumps. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Thin, imbricated, 2-3 in. or more broad, with scarcely any trace of zones, more or less tuberculated, pores minute, many quite superficial, but towards the base a line or more deep, with a pulverulent appearance, arising from a very minute down. — M. J. B. 774. Polyporus vegetus. Fr. “ Lime Polyporus.” Pileus broad, dilated, smooth, opaque, brown, annual zone broad, concentrically sulcate, substance floccose, lax, very thin ; cuticle of the second season thick, separable ; pores minute, sece- ding, umber, each annual stratum separated by a distinct floccose layer. — Fr. Epicr.p . 464. Ray. Syn. ii. app. 335. On lime trees. 775. Polyporus applanatus. Fr. “ Flattened Polyporus.” Pileus expanded, tuberculose, obsoletely zoned, pulverulent, or smooth, cinnamon, becoming whitish, cuticle crustaceous, rigid, at length fragile, within very soft, loosely floccose ; margin tumid, white, then cinnamon; pores very small, sub-ferruginous, orifice whitish, brownish when bruised. — Fr. Epicr.p. 465. Batsch. f. 130. Bull. t. 454,/. C. FI. Boruss. t. 393. Fchl. exs. no. 1388. On trunks. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] 776. Polyporus fomentarius. Fr. “ Dingy -hoof Polyporus.” Pileus ungulate, dilated, thick, smooth, remotely and concen- trically zoned, smooth, opaque, dingy, becoming whitish, soft within, floccose, tawny-ferruginous, cuticle thick, very hard, per- sistent; margin, and very long minute pores, distinctly stratose, at first pruinose, then ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 465. Lenz.fAS. Sow. 1. 133. Batt. t. 37 ,/. E. Eng. FI. Y.p. 144. Kl. exs. no. 222. Schnz. 1. 16,/. 28. Fchl. exs. no. 1386. On trunks. Common. [United States.] Pileus 4-5 in. broad, subtriangular, obsoletely zoned, nodulose, brownish- grey, resembling coffee slightly tinged with milk, sometimes in age, es- pecially when growing on birch, nearly white, occasionally tinged with bright yellow ; margin in general sub-acute, but sometimes very obtuse, POLYPOREI. 275 substance reddish-brown, varying in density. Pores very minute, stratified, whitish, glaucous, or yellowish-grey, at length ferruginous, the mass of them generally concave. — M. J. B. 777. Polyporus nigricans. Fr. “ Black-hoof Polyporus.” Pileus pulvinate, very thick, densely and concentrically sulcate, smooth, shining, black, cuticle very hard, crustaceous, varnished, persistent, internally very hard, ferruginous ; margin very obtuse, ferruginous ; pores very small, plane, confluent, stratose, naked, of the same colour. — Fr. Fpicr.p . 466. Eng. FI. v.p. 144. Bisch . /. 3426. On birch. Similar in form to P. fomentarius , but manifestly distinct. 778. Polyporus igniarius. Fr. “ Rusty-hoof Polyporus.” Pileus at first tuberculoso-globose (immarginate), even, with a thin flocculent crust which becomes white, then ungulate fer- ruginous, becoming blackish-brown, opaque ; cuticle concrete, pitted unequally, very hard, as well as the zoned, ferruginous flesh ; margin rounded ; pores very small, convex, stratose, cin- namon, at first whitish.— Fr. Epicr . p. 466. Lenz. f. 47. Fckl . exs. no. 1383 (?) Sow. 1 . 182. Mich. t. 62. Eng . FI. v. p. 144, Vent. t. 61,/. 4. Kl. exs.no. 363. On willows, poplars, plums, &c. Common. [United States.] The pileus is narrower and much thicker than in P. fomentarius, resembling a horse’s hoof; margin obtuse, and the mass of tubes in general plane or very convex. Occasionally the pileus is imperfectly developed. — M. J.B. 779. Polypoms fulvus. Fr. “ Tawny-hoof Polyporus.” Pileus between woody and corky, very hard, globoso-tubercu- lose, then triangular, subimbricate, at first hairy or villous, pale tawny ; margin rounded, internally of the same colour, radiating and zoned ; pores short, round, rather minute, cinnamon, at first covered with a cinereous-yellow dust. — Fr . Epicr, p. 466. Bostic, t. 31. Tratt. Aust.t. 5,/. 9. Batt.t. 37, H. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1138. Br.Bath. Trans. 1870, p. 83. On decayed trunks. Batheaston. Distinct from P. igniarius , to which it is allied. 780. Polyporus rib is. Fr. “ Currant-bush Polyporus.” Pileus corky, coriaceous, rather soft, somewhat plane, velvety, nearly even, ferruginous, then umber ; margin acute ; pores 276 POLYPOREI. short, small, naked, tawny, as well as the margin and flesh. — Fr. Epicr.p. 467. FI. Dan. t. 1790,/. 2. Desm. exs. no. 314. Eng. FI. Y.p. 145. Gorda. Sturm, t. 62. Kl. exs. no. 118. FcJcl.exs.no. 1381. At the base of currant and gooseberry bushes. Common. Imbricated, 3 in. or more broad, tbin, zoned, and velvety, of a ratber ricb tawny-brown; margin paler and brighter ; substance soft, silky ; pores short, larger than in P. igniarius , brownish-grey.— M. J. B. 781. Polyporus conchatus. Fr. “ Shell-shaped Polyporus,” Pileus corky or woody, thin, effuse, sub-conchiform, reflexed, concentrically sulcate, tomentose, bright-brown ; margin acute ; pores short, small, cinnamon. — Fr. Epicr. p. 467. Eng. FI. Y.p. 145. FcJcl. exs. no. 1382. On trunks. [Low. and Mid. Carolina.] The principal distinction between this and P. ribis appears to reside in the harder substance, and smoother pileus. It varies in the degree in which its surface is grooved. — M.J. B. 782. Polyporus salicinus. Fr. “ Scented-willow Polyporus.” Pileus woody, very hard, undulate, smooth, in great partresupi- nate ; margin short, obtuse, patent, cinnamon, then brown ; pores very small, round, ferruginous, cinnamon. — Fr. Epic r.p. 467. Eng. FI. Y.p. 140. Ann. N.H. no. 346, B. On willows. Common. [United States.] Hard when dry. Scent very strong, like that of aniseed in the fresh plant. 783. Polyporus ulmarius. Fr. “ Elm Polyporus.” Pileus corky or woody, undulated, tuberculose, crustaceous, smooth, white without and within; pores decurrent, minute, round, stratose, yellowish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 469. Sow. t. 88. Batt. t. 36,/. C. Huss. i. t. 64. BerJc. Outl.t. 16,/. 5. Eng. FI. Y.p. 142. Kl. exs. ii. no. 616. On old elms. Common. Effused with an obtuse, occasionally free margin, forming a new stratum every year, so that a section gives several distinct layers of pores and flesh, alternating with each other ; flesh white ; pores minutely tawny ; substance, when dry, hard and corky.— M. J. B. 784. Polyporus fraxineus. Fr. “ Ash Polyporus.” Pileus corky or woody, smooth, flattened, zoneless, white, then rubiginous and brown ; at first even, then concentrically sulcato- plicate, pallid within ; pores minute, short, rufous, at first clothed POLYPOREI. 277 with white sebaceous down, as well as the margin. — Fr.Epicr.p. 470. Bull. t. 433. Eng . FI. v. p. 142. At the base of ash trees. Solitary or imbricated, thick, rugged, somewhat zoned, dark red-brown ; substance corky, 'pale. Pores minute, pale, of the same colour as the pileus within. Smell strong and penetrating.— M.J. B. 785. Polyporus cytisinus. Berk. “Laburnum Polyporus.” Large, imbricated ; pileus coarsely tuberculated, hard, woody ; margin subacute ; substance nearly white, as well as the minute pores. — Berk. Outl.p. 247. Sow. t. 288. Eng . FI. v.p. 142. At the foot of a laburnum. London. A foot or more across. Imbricated, dimidiate, quite smooth, at least when dry, but coarsely tuberculated ; substance slightly zoned, very thick and close, pale, evidently composed of two or three successive layers.— M. J.B. 786. Polyporus variegatus. Fr. “ Variegated Polyporus.” Pileus between corky and woody, smooth, flattened, even, toneless, shining, variegated with orange and bay, pallid within ; pores round, minute, short, unequal, and torn, yellowish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 470. Sow . t. 368. On trunks. 787. Polyporus cervinus. Pers. “ Fawn-coloured Polyporus.” Effused, very broad ; pileus somewhat reflexed, zoned, cine- reous-umber, clothed with spongy down ; pores large, variable, greyish ; dissepiments rigid. — Pers. M. E. ii.j?. 87. Ann. N. H. no. 347. On fallen branches of beech. [Mid. Carolina.] Remarkable for its large pores and rigid dissepiments, especially when young. — B. 6c Br. 788. Polyporus annosus. Fr. “ Imbricated Polyporus.” Pileus woody, convex, expanded, rugoso-tuberculose, in the first season silky, in the second, and after, covered with a rigid, smooth, blackish crust, white within ; margin obtuse, whitish, as well as the medium-sized, obtuse pores. — Fr.Epicr.p. 471. Schceff. 1 . 138./. 1-3. P. Scoticus , Eng. FI. v. p. 142. On stumps of larch. [United States.] Forming masses 3-18 in. wide of imbricated, rugged, or radiato-striate, brown pilei, occasionally tawny towards the margin, marked with strong, vaulted zones, which arise from each annual layer projecting beyond that of 278 POLYPOREI. the preceding year ; substance white, hard, and woody ; pores middle-sized, white, or with a pale reddish-brown tint, margined above as well as below, so that each layer appears resupinate.— M. J. B. 789. Polyporus connatus. Fr. “ Connate Polyporus.” Pileus between corky and woody, effuso-reflexed, imbricated, subzonate, confluent, velvety, white without and within ; pores minute, roundish, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 472. Batt. t. 37. G. On old trunks of crab trees, &c., u running up them for one or two feet, often amongst moss.” C. Inodermei. 790. Polyporus radiatus. Fr. “ Hazel Polyporus.” Pileus corky, coriaceous, rigid, radiato-rugose, at first velvety, tawny, then smooth, ferruginous brown ; margin patent, repand; pores minute, pallid, silvery-shining, at length ferruginous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 474. Sow. t. 190. Batt. t. 39. C. Eng. FI. y.p. 143. On hazel stems. [Up. Carolina.] Tawny specimens of P. versicolor sometimes occur very much resembling this species, which is, however, altogether distinct. 791. Polyporus fibula. Fr. “ Button Polyporus.” White ; pileus coriaceous, tough, soft, hairy, substrigose, zoneless; margin entire, acute; pores rather small, round, acute, at length pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 475. Sow. t. 387. On the door of a wine cellar. Variable in form ; pileus adnate behind. The usually recorded habitat is “ branches of oak,” &c. 792. Polyporus hirsutus. Fr. “ Bristly Polyporus.” Pileus corky, coriaceous, convexo-plane, hairy with rigid bristles, zoned with concentric furrows, of one colour, whitish ; pores round, obtuse, whitish, then brownish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 477. B. <£• Br. Ann. N.H. (1866) no. 1139. Kl. exs. no. 810. FcJcl. exs. no. 1378. On dead trunks. Near Twycross. [United States.] 793. Polyporus velutinus. Fr. “ Velvety Polyporus.” Pileus corky, coriaceous, plane, velvety, slightly zoned, white, at length yellowish ; margin extenuated, acute ; pores round, minute, slender, white. — Fr. S. M. i. p. 368. Eng. FI. v. p. 141, Kl. exs . ii. no. 701. Rabh. F.E. no. 15. Feld. exs. no. 1377. POLYPOREI. 279 On branches. [Mid. Carolina.] More or less imbricated. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, velvety, undulated, ob- scurely zoned, between corky and leathery ; margin thinner than in P. ver- sicolor , shrinking, and curling inwards when dried, colour various, whitish, with a cottony margin, yellowish fuscous, or brownish grey, the lattermost common ; pores whitish or yellowish, minute, round, very short, often dis- appearing towards the margin.— Grev. 794. Polyporus versicolor. Fr. “ Common Zoned Polyporus.” Pileus coriaceous, thin, rigid, plane, depressed behind, velvety, nearly even and shining, variegated with coloured zones ; pores minute, round, acute, and torn, white, then pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 478. Sterb. t. 27, K. Batt.t.35. A. Schceff. t. 268. Russ. i. t. 24. Eng. Fl.x.p. 141. Price, f. 127. Cooke exs.no. 803. Kl . exs. no. 120. ii. no. 209. Corda Anl. R.f. 75. Fckl. exs. no. 1375. On stumps, branches, &c. Common. [United States.] Variable, sometimes quite resupinate, or with the margin reflexed, more generally dimidiate and densely imbricated, occasionally spuriously stipi- tate, more or less lobed, villous, marked with regular, concentric, smooth, shining zones of various colours, sometimes entirely white, and not unfre- quently the whole surface is villous, and the zones mere depressions. — M.J.B. 795. Polyporus abietinus. Fr . u Whitish Fir Polyporus.” Pileus coriaceous, thin, effuso-reflexed, villous, obsoletely zoned, cinereous*white ; pores unequal, torn, violaceous, then growing pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 479. Grev. t. 526. FI. Dan. t. 2079./. 1. f.1298. Eng. FI. v.p. 141. On trunks of Conifers. [United States.] Pileus 1-2 in. across, sometimes entirely resupinate, with the exception of the extreme margin, and spreading over several inches, more generally effuso-reflexed, thin, coriaceous, zoned, whitish, often stained with minute green Algae, more or less villous; pores very regular, laciniated, sometimes resembling hydnoid teeth, more or less of a violet hue, which fades when past maturity.— M. J. B. 796. Polyporus Wynnei. B. fy Br. “ Wynne’s Polyporus.” Confluent, various in form ; pileus adnate behind, effuso-re- flexed, then tan-coloured, marked with silky-raised lines ; pores small, angular, white. — Berk. Outl.p . 249. Ann. N.H. no. 807. Running over twigs, grass, &c. Rare. Thin, incrusting various substances, with the margin more or less broadly reflected, tan -coloured, sericeous, and marked with raised lines ; pores 9 J in. across, angular, white, acquiring a slight tint like that of the pileus in drying.— 22. & Br. 280 POLYPOREI. Sect . 5. Resupinatus — Absolutely resupinate. 797. Polyporus contiguus. Fr. “ Contiguous Polyporus.” Effused, firm, at first obscurely cinnamon, circumference vil- lous or fibrous, then smooth, ferruginous ; pores medium-sized, equal, obtuse, entire. — Fr. Epicr.p. 483. P.cellaris , Ann. N.H. no. 348. RostJc. t. 8. Kl. exs. no. 1007. Desm. no. 72. On rotten wood and sticks. [United States.] 798. Polyporus ferruginosus. Fr. “ Rusty Polyporus.” Effused, firm, brown, when old bright brown, ferruginous, cir- cumference sterile; pores elongated, nearly round, medium-sized, cinnamon. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 483. Grev . 1. 155,/. 1. RostJc. t. 6. Eng. Fl.v.p. 146. On gate posts, &c. Common. [United States.] At first appearing under the form of a confervoid stratum, which gradually thickens and acquires pores in the centre ; generally wholly resupinate, but occasionally slightly reflexed, in which case it is roughish and tomentose. Pores minute, roundish, unequal ; specimens sometimes occur many inches in length, and in parts 3 in. thick, from several individuals having become confluent. — M. J. B. 799. Polyporus nitidus. Fr. “ Yellow Polyporus.” Effused, thin, yellow, circumference of the interwoven my- celium paler ; pores minute, nearly round, short, saffron-yellow. — Fr. Epicr. p. 483. Pers. Ohs. ii. t. 4, / 1. Ann. N.H. no. 349. On dead wood. Eare. [Low. Carolina?] Crust-like, adnate. 800. Polyporus Armeniacus. Berk. “ Buff Fir Polyporus.” Suborbicular, confluent, extremely thin, circumference mi- nutely downy ; pores at first white, then deep buff. — Berk. Outl. p. 250. Eng. FI. y.p. 147. On the bark of firs. Appin. Forming broadly effused patches, composed evidently of many confluent orbicular individuals, circumference minutely downy. Pores shallow, minute, nearly round, at first white, then bright buff, often confined to the centre, the marginal portion being of a byssoid structure under a lens. — M. J. B. 801. Polyporus bombycinus. Fr. “ Silky Polyporus.” Effused, membranaceous, of a silky texture, dingy-yellowish, circumference byssoid, arachnoid , velvety below ; pores large, POLYPOREI. 281 angular. — Fr. Epicr . p. 482. Sow . t. 387, /. 5. Ann. N.H. no. 350. On dead wood. 802. Polyporus incamatus. Fr. “ Flesh-coloured Polyporus.” Effused, coriaceous, firm, smooth, flesh-coloured, pores rather long, unequal. — Fr. Epicr. p. 484. Pers. M.E. t . 16,/. 4. Eng. FI. y.p. 146. On decaying trunks of firs. Rare. [United States.] Effused, irregular, thin, coriaceous, marginate, or immarginate ; margin white, cottony, rather thick, as if there was a tendency to become reflexed. Pores minute, very short, round, sub-equal, straight or oblique, or of a fine flesh colour, approaching in some cases to orange. Sometimes small cottony protuberances occur amongst the pores, which have the appearance of small pilei, with tubes underneath. — Grev • 803. Polyporus violaceus. Fr. “ Violet Polyporus. ” Effused, determinate, agglutinate, thin, dark blood-red or violet ; pores very short, cellulose, nearly round, obtuse, quite entire. — Fr. Epicr. p. 484. Sys. Myc. i. p. 379. B. Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1021. FI. exs. no. 715, ii. 502. On prostrate fir-poles. Scotland. Allied to Merulius , for which a young specimen might easily be taken. 804. Polyporus pur pur eus. Fr. “ Purple Polyporus.” Broadly and widely effused, mycelium mucedinous, flocculose, white, creeping on the surface of the wood ; pores short, minute, unequal, obtuse, interruptedly scattered or conglomerate, purple lilac. — Fr. Epicr. p. 484. Rostk. t. 3. On decayed willow. Rare. [Mid. Carolina.] 805. Polyporus cinctus. Berk. “ Banded Polyporus.” White, turning pallid, forming little scattered patches, each surrounded by radiating strigose fibres ; pores extremely minute, angular ; dissepiments extremely thin, edge ragged. — Mag. Zool. § Bot. i. t. 2,/. 3. Berk . Outl.p. 250. On old deal boards. Rare. King’s Cliffe. At first this curious species consists of small erect scattered tufts of radiat- ing strigose fibres. Many of these remain barren. Under favourable cir- cumstances a distinct hymenium, 1^ line think, with a free, even, abrupt, vertical circumference, is formed in the centre of each tuft. Numbers of these at length become confluent. Pores so minute as to be scarce visible to the naked eye. The colour of the whole is pale ochraceous, more or less tawny when dry. — M.J.B. 282 POLYPOREX. 806. Polyporous medulla-panis. Fr. “ Crumb of Bread Polyporus. Effused, determinate, sub-undulate, firm, smooth, white, cir- cumference naked, sub-marginate, wholly composed of middle- sized, rather long, entire pores. — Fr. Epicr.p. 485. Sow . t . 387, f 7. Jacq. Misc. i. t. 11. FI. Ban. t. 2028,/. 1. Letell. t. 690, f. 1. Bolt. t. 166,/. 2? Eng. FI. v.p. 146. Fckl. exs. no. 1369. On decaying wood. [United States.] Effused, white, becoming yellowish in age, roundish, tolerably defined, dry, thickish, following in some degree the inequalities of the wood. Pores elongated, roundish, straight, or oblique, according to situation. Flesh al- most none. — Grev. 807. Polyporus vitreus. Fr. “ Glassy Polyporus.” Effused, sub -undulated, indeterminate, whitish, subhyaline, mycelium thin, separable, matted together ; pores very small, round, long, obtuse, entire. — Fr.Epicr.pASh. Ann. N.H.no. 351. On decayed wood. Rare. Distinguished by its distinct xylostromatoid sub-stratum, which separates easily from the matrix. — B. <& Br. 808. Polyporus obducens. Fr. “ Incrusting Polyporus.” Effused, incrusting, innate, firm, white, wholly composed of very small, crowded, equal pores, distinctly stratose, annual strata pallid tan colour. — Fr. Epicr.p. 485. Ann. N. H. no. 352. Bisch. f. 3294. On rotten trunks. Bristol. This species forms thick strata consisting of several layers, the growth of as many years.— B. & Br. 809. Polyporus vulgaris. Fr. “ Common-effused Polyporus.” Broadly effused, thin, dry, closely adnate, even, white, circum- ference soon smooth, wholly composed of firm, crowded, small, round, nearly equal pores. — Fr. Epicr. p. 485. BerJc. Outl. 1. 16, f. 6. Eng. FI. v.p. 146. FI. exs. no. 619. Fckl. exs. no. 1366. On dead wood and fallen branches. [United States.] Effused, sometimes to the breadth of one foot, smooth, not a line thick, nor to be separated from the wood without destroying it ; margin when young very slightly pubescent. Pores straight or oblique, roundish. — M. J. B. POLYPORE I. 283 810. Polyporus viridans. Berk. Br. “ Greenish Polyporus.” Resupinate, effused, at first white, when dry pallid green ; border pulyerulento-tomentose, very thin ; pores minute, an- gular ; dissepiments thin. — Ann . N.H. no. 347. On very rotten wood. Sept. This pretty species has the habit of P. vulgaris . 811. Polyporus sanguinolentus. F r . “ Bleeding Polyporus.” Nodulose, soon confluent, effused, soft, whitish, blood-stained when touched ; circumference byssoid, evanescent; pores small, subrotund, unequal, at length torn. — Fr. Epicr. p. 486. Seem . Journ. Bot . vii. p. 61. On rotten wood. [Low. Carolina.] 812. Polyporus molluscus. Fr. “ Thin-pored Polyporus.” Effused, thin, soft, white ; circumference byssoid, fibrilloso- radiate ; pores in the centre, or here and there collected in patches, small, thin, round, unequal, and torn, growing pale. — Fr. Epicr. p. 486. FI. Dan. t. 1299. Sow. t. 387./ 1 9. Eng. FI. y.p. 147. On dead wood. Rare. [Low. Carolina.] At first forming a mere fringed byssoid membrane, which gradually ac- quires moderate, rigid, subrotund, and angular pores, the partitions of which are so thin that they very generally become lacerated. — M. J. B. 813. Polyporus Gordoniensis. B. Br. “ Gordon’s Fir Po- lyporus.” Effused, superficial, membranaceous, very thin, but separable, persistently white ; margin shortly fimbriate ; pores minute, unequal, angular ; dissepiments very thin, fimbriato-dentate. — Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1023. On fir poles. Aboyne Castle. An extremely delicate species, and not in the slightest degree innate. The margin remains snow-white, and the pores themselves change colour only very slightly in drying. — M. J. B. 814. Polyporus terrestris. Fr. “ Ground Polyporus.” Effused, arachnoid, byssoid, delicate, fugaceous, white ; pores central, very small, white, then rufescent. — Fr. Epicr. p. 486. Pers . Ic. Piet. t. 16./. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 355. On naked soil or rotten wood. Rare. 284 POLYPOREX. 815 . Polyporus vaporarius. Fr. “ Creeping Polyporus.” Effused, innate ; mycelium creeping over the wood, floccose, white ; pores large, angular, white, growing pallid, crowded into a close, firm, persistent stratum. — Fr.Epicr. p. 487. Ann.N.H. no. 354. Cooke exs. no. 305. On fallen branches. Common. [United States.] var. [ 3 . Separable, white, honey colour when dry. — Ann. Nat. Hist. 1865. no. 1022* A remarkable variety occurred with Hydnum niveum at Ascot, creeping over fir leaves and heath twigs quite shaded from the light, and differing from the common form in being of a pure white when fresh, changing when dry to honey yellow. The subiculum is filmy and separable. — M. J. B. 816. Polyporus aneixixms. Fr. “ Waxy Polyporus.” Effused, thin, sub-innate ; circumference byssoid, white ; pores large, cellular, waxy, angular, smooth, white, becoming tawny. — Fr. Epicr.p. 487. Ann. N.H. no. 353. On fallen twigs. Rare. [Low. Carolina.] Distinguished by its large pores, the hymenium of which has a peculiar, smooth, waxy aspect. — B. & Br . 817 . Polyporus coxticola. Fr. “ Changeable Polyporus.” Much effused, thin, circumference byssoid, thin, whitish ; pores various, angular, shining, whitish, then brownish-yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p . 488. P. subfuscus-flavidus , Rostk. Sturm, no. 27, t. 11. B. Br. Ann.N.H. 1865, wo. 1022. On oak planks in the roof of King’s Cliffe Church. [S. Carolina, U.S.] The pores appear, when viewed one way, of a greyish-brown, and the other white. Fries (Mon. Hym.) quotes the figure of Rostkovius, to which Berk. & Br. referred their specimens, under Polyporus corticola % Fr. 818 . Polyporus Stephensii. B.fyBr. “Stephens’ Polyporus.” Orbicular, white, at length confluent ; margin sometimes slightly reflexed, tomentose ; pores broad, nearly equal, angular, dissepiments rather thick, edge villous. — Ann. N.H. no. 356. Rabh. F.E. no. 117. On twigs of privet. Oct. West of England. [Low. & Up. Carolina.] POLYPORE I, 285 Forming scattered orbicular white, or at length confluent resupinate patches about half an inch in diameter, which are sometimes slightly reflected with the free surface tomentose. Pores rather large, l-20th in. broad, nearly equal, angular, sometimes sub-hexagonal ; edge even, tomentose. — B.&Br. Spores very large, oval, white, *00055 X *00025 in. 819- Polyporus Vaillantii. Fr. “ Vaillant’s Polyporus.” White, thin, mycelium free, forming strings, or united in a membrane ; pores here and there conglomerated, short, rather large, thin, unequal. — Fr. Epicr.p . 487 . Sow. t. 326. Eng. FI. v.p. 147 . VaiU. t. 8 ,/. 1 . On dead wood. Rare. Glasgow. [Up Carolina.] Forming a thin, white, or slightly rufescent, byssoid, broadly effused, close membrane, here and there traversed by rooting ribs. - Fries . 820. Polypoms hybzidus. B.&cBr. “ Dry-rot Polyporus.” White, mycelium thick, forming a dense membrane or creep- ing branched strings, hymenium breaking up into area* ; pores long, slender, minute. — Berk. Outl. xvii. Boletus hubridus. Sow . t. 289 , 387 ,/. 6 . On oak in ships, &c. The dry rot of our oak-built vessels. Gen. 21. TRAMETES, Fr. Hymenophore descending into the trama of the pores without any change, which are permanently con- crete with the pileus. Pores entire. {Fig. 66.) Hymenophore descending unchanged into the trama of the pores, which is per- manently similar to the substance of the pileus. Pores concrete with the pileus, at first very small, then open, obtuse, en- tire, equal, round or linear, not labyrinthi- form , or lacerated. Corky or woody fungi, arboreal, always dimidiate, at first gene- rally fragrant, and never acid. 821. Trametes pini. Fr. “Fir-trunk Trametes.” Pileus corky or woody, pulyinate, concentrically sulcate, cracked and pitted, rough, ferruginous brown, then blackish, tawny fer- 286 POLYPOREI. ruginous within ; pores large, nearly round or oblong, yellow or reddish brown. — Fr. Epicr. p . 489. FI. Boruss. t. 880. Corda. Anl. t . H. f. 75, no. 86, 87. Kl. exs. ii. no. 118. Bail. t. 81. On pine trunks. Rare. [Low. Carolina.] Odour faint ; perennial. 822. Trametes suaveolens. Fr. “ Sweet-scented Trametes.” Pileus corky, rather soft, pulvinate, villous, zoneless, white ; pores round, rather large, obtuse, brownish-white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 491. Krombh. t. 4,/. 25. FI. Dan. 1. 1849. Tratt. Austr.f. 4. Feld. exs. no. 1865. Bot. Zeit. (1859), 1. 11,/. 29. Sow. t. 228. Sterb. t. 27, D . Dcedalea suaveolens , Eng . FI. y.p. 188. On willows, limes, &c. Easily distinguished by its odour (when young), 'which resembles aniseed. White at first, then rufescent, zoned and scabrous, within dingy straw colour . ■ — Fries. Spores white, oval, or pip-shaped, *00035 X *00018 in. 823. Trametes odora. Fr. “ Small-pored Trametes.’* Pileus corky, elastic, uneven, becoming smooth, zoneless, pallid ; pores minute, round, equal, whitish- ochre. — Fr. Epicr. p. 491. Bolt. 1. 162. On willows. Rare. Very nearly related to T. suaveolens. It has the same smell. Spores white, oval, or pip-shaped, *00012 X *00022 in. 824. Trametes gibbosa. Fr. “ Gibbous Trametes.” Dirty white. Pileus corky, villous, obsoletely zoned, ex- panded behind, gibbous ; pores linear, straight, equal. — Fr. Epicr. p. 492. Biscli.f. 8425. FcJcl. exs. no. 1864. FI. Dan. t. 1964. Sow. 1. 194. Huss. ii. t. 4. Dcedalea gibbosa, Eng. FI. Y.p. 188. Strauss. Sturm, t. 5. On gate posts, &c. Sept. Rare. Sessile, dimidiate, zoned, corky, hard, elastic, zones convex and tuber- culated, dirty white, beautifully velvety, when old cinereous, and green from minute Algce , the edge obtuse or subacute, often projecting at the base and very gibbous, but not invariably so, substance white, pores linear, mostly straight, except at the bose, where they are roundish or irregular, very narrow, pale tan. — M.J.B. ( Fig. 66, reduced , with section and spores.) POLYPOREI. 287 Gen . 22. D-EBALEA, Fr. Epicr. Hymenophore de- scending into the trama without any change ; pores, when fully formed, torn, toothed, or Hymenophore descend- ing unchanged into the trama, which is firmer than in Trametes. Pores, when fully formed, laby- rinthiform, lacerated, and toothed. In habit the species resemble Trametes , but they are inodorous, and must not be confounded with the species of Poly- porus that have* elongated curved pores. — W. G. S. Fig. 67. 825. Daedalea quercina. P. “ Oak Daedalea.” Pallid wood colour. Pileus corky, rugulose, uneven, zone- less, becoming smooth, of the same colour within ; hymenium first porous, then broken into contorted or gill-like labyrinthi- form sinuses; edge obtuse. — Fr. Epicr. p. 492. Lenz.f.28, 29. Sow. t. 181. Bolt. t. 73. Bull. t. 352. Berlc. Outl.t.ld.f. h. Eng. Fl.Y.p, 131. Bail.t. 31. Fckl. exs.no. 1362. Gard. Chron. (1860) p. 576, [fig. BiscJi.f. 3329. Krornb . t. 5,/. 1, 2. Price,/. 20. Vent, t. 60./. 1,2. Grev.t. 238. On oak stumps, &c. Common. Perennial. Pileus 5-6 in. broad, sessile, dimidiate, of a pale, woody ap- pearance, smooth, marked with concentric, raised, or depressed zones and little, radiating wrinkles, the margin in well-grown specimens thin, but in ill-developed individuals swollen and blunt ; gills of the same colour as the pileus, with sometimes a slight shade of pink, woody, thick, sinuous, branched, and anastomosing, so as to form long, wavy pores, a line or more broad. Sometimes the whole plant is resupinate or decurrent, and the par- titions elongated into tooth-like processes.— M.J. B. (Fig* 67 5 reduced , with section and spores.) 826. Daedalea confragosa. P. “ Willow Daedalea.” Pileus corky, coriaceous, rather convex, rough, subzonate, self-coloured, reddish-brown, somewhat ferruginous within ; hy- labyrinthiform. (Fig. 67.) 288 POLYPOREI. menium porous, then narrowly labyrinthiform and torn, pruinose, cinereous, then reddish brown. — Fr.Epicr.p.A§§. Bolt. £.160. Bull. t. 491. Sow. 1. 193. Eng. FI.y. p. 132. Ann. N.H. wo. 279. 711*. On willows, service, &c. Eare. 827. Bsedalea unicolor. Fr. “ One-coloured Dsedalea.” Pileus corky, coriaceous, villoso-strigose, cinereous, with zones of the same colour ; sinuses labyrinthiform, flexuose, in- tricate, acute, at length tom and toothed. — Fr. Epicr.p.AQk. Sow. t. 325. Eng. Fl.Y.p. 133. Feld, exs.no. 1363. Kl. exs. no. 28. ii. no. 614. FI. Dan. t. 2271, /. 1 . On stumps, &c. Common. [United States.?] Imbricated. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, coriaceous, zoned, densely villous, often green from minute Algce ; pores narrow, small, irregular, unequal, sub- flexuous. — M. J. B. 828. Daedalea latissima. Fr. “Effused Daedalea.” Effused, between corky and woody, thick, undulated, rufescent or pallid wood colour ; pores thin, distant, very obtuse, some- what rounded and elongated, flexuose. — Fr. Epicr.p. 495. Sow. £.424. Eng. FI. v.p. 133. On dead branches on the ground. Eare. Gen. 22. MERULIUS. Fr. Syst. Myc. Hymenium soft, waxy, forming porous, reticulate, or sinuous, toothed folds. {Fig. 68.) Hymenopbore covered with the soft, waxy hymenium, which is incompletely porous, or arranged in reticulate, sinuous, dentate folds. Epixylous fungi, at first resupinate, expanded ; the hymenophore springing from a mucous mycelium. Eig . 68. POLYPOREI. 289 A. Leptospori — spores white. 829. Memlius txemeliosus. Schrad. “ Tremellose Merulius.” Resupinate, then free or reflexed, fleshy, tremelloid, tomen- tose, white; margin dentato-radiate ; folds porous, variable pinkish. — Fr.Epicr.p. 500. FI. Dan. t. 1553, 776./. 1. Ann. N.H ’. no. 77. Huss. i. 1. 10. Feld. exs. no. 1358. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1837. viii. 1. 10./. 22. Bail. t. 30. Kl. exs. ii. no. 7. Boletus arbo- reus , Sow. t. 346. Biscli.f. 3447. At the base of decayed trees. Rare. Oct. [United States.] “ Sometimes the edge is beautifully tinged with pink.” 830. Memlius corium. Fr. “ Leathery Merulius.” Resupinate, effused, soft, somewhat papyraceous, circum- ference at length free, reflexed, white, and villous below; hy- menium reticulato-porose, flesh-coloured, or pallid tan-colour. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 500. Grev.t. 147. Bull.t. 402. Sew. t. 349. Eng. FI. Y.p. 128. Fclcl. exs. no. 1359. Berk. exs. no. 19. Kl. exs. no. 1916. On dead trunks. Common. [United States.] Plant 2-3 in. broad, sometimes completely effused with a white byssoid margin, but not unfrequently the margin, or even the whole pileus, is regu- larly reflexed, often imbricated, white, pubescent, and zoned above, below pale buff or lilac, variously sinuato-rugose or reticulato-porous, very various in thickness, being sometimes a mere pellicle, while on the contrary indi- viduals occur as thick as Stereum hirsutum . — M.J.B. Spores oval, vivid orange, *00018 X ’00023 in. 831. Merulius Mmanioides. Fr. “ Fibrous Merulius.” Effused, silky, very soft, fibrous, silky beneath, lilac ; circum- ference byssoid ; folds porous, then gyrose, dirty yellow, at length inclining to olive. — Fr.Epicr.p. 501. Pers.M.E.t. 13. /. 3,4. Sow. t. 346. Br. Bath. Trans. 1870./). 84. On fir wood, and on club mosses in a conservatory. Similar to M. lacrymans , but thinner. 832. Memlius auraniiacus. Klotscli. “ Orange Merulius.” Pileus tough, carnoso-coriaceous, effuso-reflexed, zoned, to- mentose, between yellow and dirty white, here and there cine- reous ; folds minute, subporiform, dull orange.— Berk. Outl.p . 256. Eng. FI. Y.p. 128. On dead beech. May. Rare. Scotland. Pileus 1 in. broad ; zones obsolete, hirsuto-tomentose. Nearly allied to M, cerium.— M. J.B. O 290 POLYPOKEI. 833. Merulius molluscus. Fr. “ Thin Merulius.” Effused, thin, soft, membranaceous ; margin byssoid, white; folds poroso-gyrose, flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr. p. 501. Pers. M.E. t. 14./. 1, 2. Ann.N.H. no. 712. On dead wood. Bare. Penzance. [Mid. Carolina.] Hymenium dark brown when old; sometimes shortly reflexed, and then thehymenium not reticulated, but from the first gyrose and toothed. 834. Merulius porinoides. Fr. “ Porose Merulius.” Crustaceons, adnate, thin, circumference byssoid, white, folds poriform, distant, dirty yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 501. Pers. M.E. 1. 14,/. 7. Ann.N.H. no. 358. On dead wood, chips, &c. Bare. [United States.] 835. Merulius rufus. P. “ Rufous Merulius.” Crustaceous, adnate, smooth, flesh-red, circumference almost naked, hymenium equally porous, of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr. v.h02. Pers. M.E. 1. 16,/. 1, 2. Ann.N.H. no. 357. On fallen oak boughs. [Mid. Carolina.] “ This has a very Pclyporus-like appearance, and I am not certain that it is anything more than a state of Dcedalea confragosa , of which I believe Tramd.es, rubescens is a synonym.” — M.J.B. 836. Merulius serpens. Fr. “ Creeping Merulius.” Crustaceous, adnate, thin, becoming smooth, pallid, then red- dish, circumference byssoid, white, folds at first wrinkled, then porous, angular, entire. — Fr. Epicr.p. 502. FcJcl.exs.no. 2096. El. exs. no. 1006, ii. no. 6. On dead wood. Bare. Twycross. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Not separable like M. corium. 837. Merulius pallens. Berh. “ Pallid Merulius.” Adnate, thin, inseparable, pale- reddish, fleshy, subgelatinous, folds poriform, minute ; margin indeterminate. — Ann. N. Hist, ser. i. vol. vi.y>.358, no. 151. BerJc. Outl.p. 256. On fir wood. Bare. 838. Merulius Carmichaelianus. Berh . “ Carmichael’s Merulius.” White, extremely thin, forming effused, entirely resupinate, irregular, interrupted, confluent patches ; folds forming regular POLYPOREI. 291 angular reticulations, dull brown when dry. — Berlc. Outl.p. 256. Grev.t. 224. Eng. FI. v.p. 130. On bark. Eare. Appin. This minute species forms a mere pellicle, in its dry state of a uniform dull brown, scarcely distinguishable from the bark on which it grows, but when examined with a moderate magnifying power the regular, often hex- agonal reticulations, exhibit a very elegant appearance, like the cells of a honey-comb, but quite superficial. — adily imbibing moisture, clotted with down of the same colour, or dirty white. Spines equal, chestnut ; stem corky, obsolete or very thick. — Fries . ** Spines discoloured ; spores ferruginous. 846. Hydnum zonatum. Batsch . “ Zoned Hydnum.” Ferruginous ; pileus equally coriaceous, thin, expanded, sub- infun dibuliform, zoned, becoming smooth, radiato-rugose ; mar- gin paler, sterile ; stem slender, nearly equal, floccose, tuberous at the base ; spines slender, pallid, then of the same colour as the pileus. — Fr. Epicr. p. 509. Kl.exs . no. 1715. Batsch. f. 224. Nees.f. 242. Ann. N.H.no. 360. In woods. Rare. [United States.] A small variety has been found at Ascot, remarkable for an appearance in the spines like that of shot silk. Spores ferruginous.— B. &Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1025. *** Spines immutable ; spores whitish. 847. Hydnum nigzum. Fr. “ Black Hydnum. ” Pileus corky, rigid, tomentose, zoneless, blue-black, within and the stout stem black ; margin and spines white. — Fr. Epicr . p. 509. Mich. t. 72, f. 5. Batsch. f. 223. Seem. Jour. 1868,^.334. Fr. leones, t. 5. Br. Bath. Trans . 1870, p. 86. 296 HYDNEI, In pine woods, &c. Street, Somerset. Inodorous, woody. Pileus unequal, flattened or depressed, with a whitish margin. Spines slender, equal, becoming cinereous. Very distinct, and easily recognised by its black, zoneless flesh. Spores white, round, papil- lose, diameter *00017 in* In my specimens of this species the pileus is dis- tinctly zoned, as it is in Fries* own figure in his recently published leones. — W. G. S. 848. Hydnum graveolens. Del. “ Strong-scented Hydnum.” Pileus coriaceous, thin, soft, not zoned, rugose, dark-brown, brown within ; margin becoming whitish ; stem slender ; spines short, grey. — Fr.Epicr.p. 509. Ann. N.H. no. 280. Rabh. F.E. no. 1004. Fr. Icon. t. 6,/. 1. In woods. Pare. [United States.] When fresh it is extremely beautiful, being dark in the centre with a white border. The spines are pale, and the spores evidently white. The whole plant smells extremely strong of melilot, and after it has been dried thrqeor four years the scent is as strong as ever. — B. & Br. 849. Hydnum tomentosum. L. “Tomentose Hydnum.” Pileus coriaceous, thin, plano-infundibuliform, zoned, pale cinereous ; stem slender, of the same colour ; disc tomentose ; margin and spines white. — Fr. Epicr.p. 510. Scliceff. 1. 139. Kl. exs. no. 123. FI. Dan. t. 1020,/. 2. B. Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1025. Seem. Jour. 1868, t. 76. Harz. t. 3. a. In fir woods. Ascot. [Mid. Carolina.] They have a strong smell of melilot, but differ from H. graveolens in the strongly zoned pileus, more coriaceous substance, and in the white (not grey) spines. The spores are thrown down in abundance on any subjacent objects. Spores white, globular, rough, or papillated, diameter *00013 in. Sect. 2. Pleuropus — sub- dimidiate ; stem lateral. 850. Hydnum auriscalpium. L. “ Fir-cone Hydnum.” Pileus dimidiate, coriaceous, reniform, hairy, bright brown, in- clining to black; stem slender, rooting, hairy, of the same colour; spines tough, bright brown. — Fr.Epicr.p. 511. Schceff. 1 . 143. FI. Dan. 1 . 1020,/. 1 . Grev.t. 196. Kroinbh. t. 50,/. 15-17. Eng. FI. y.p. 156. Bull. t. 481,/ 3. Sow. t. 267. Cooke exs. no. 306. Bisch.f. 3284. Schnzl. 1 . 16,/. 33-35. Kl. exs. no. 126. On fir cones. Common. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, subrotund, thin, coriaceous, often somewhat lobed, the margin of the lobes entire, more or less zoned, tomentose, purplish, or reddish-brown, sometimes pale ; spines subcinereous, or a dilute shade of HYDNEI. 297 the pileus, the tips often darker, but not always so, more or less hoary from the spores. Stem buried to some depth amongst fir-leaves, 2-3 in. high, often confluent, slender, dark brown tomentose, attached by a shaggy or spongy base.— M. J. B. Sect. 3. Merisma — ranch branched or tuber culiform, immarginate. * Much branched or palmate. 851. Hydnum cosralloides. Scop. “ Coral-like Hydnum.” Very much branched, white, at length yellowish, broken up into intricate attenuated branches ; spines unilateral, subulate, entire. — Fr. Epicr. p. 511. Schceff.t. 142. Sow. t. 252. Lenz.f. 53. Krombh. t. 51,/. 4-7. Eng. FI. v.p. 157. Bull. t. 390. Bisch . /. 3393. Kl. exs. no. 125. On decayed fir, beech, ash, &c. Rare. Esculent. [United States.] Young plant, according to Persoon, resembling a cauliflower ; when old it forms tufcs, a foot or more in length, with flexuous, angular branches, beset with incurved ramuli bearing spines on the under side. ** Tuberculiform, immarginate. 852. Hydnum earin ace us. Bull. “ Hedgehog Hydnum.” Fleshy, tough, elastic, pendulous, tuberculose, immarginate, white, then yellowish, torn into fibrils above ; spines very long, straight, equal, pendulous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 512. Bull. t. 34. Vitt. t. 26. Krombh. t. 51,/. 1-3. Eng. FI. v.p. 157. Tratt. Essb. t. Y. On trunks of oak, beech, &c. Rare. [United States.] Pileus a span or more broad, the base projecting, soft, torn into subfasci- culate fibrillse (abortive spines) ; margin obtuse, gradually giving out true spines, often imbricated with smaller pilei ; spines l^-2|in. long, pendulous, thick set, very regular, soft, equally attenuated, connected two or three to- gether at their bases, fastigiate ; substance thick, tough, fleshy, very soft, elastic, white, not changing colour. — Fries. Spores white, plain, *00019 X *00023 in. 853. Hydnum caput-medusa. Bull . “ Medusa-head Hydnum.” Fleshy, tuberculiform, substipitate, white, then cinereous; upper spines distorted, lower spines fertile, long, straight. — Fr. Epicr. p. 512. Bull. t. 412. On trunks of trees. Rare. Esculent. [United States.] Large and fleshy, at first snowy-white, then dingy-cinereous ; stem dilated into the pileus ; all the spines at first straight, slender, long, the upper ones at length bent and contorted. O 5 298 HYDNEI. Sect. 4. Apus — pileus marginate, dimidiate, sessile, commonly effuso-reflexed. On trunks. * Pileus gelatinous. 854. Hydnum gelatinosum. Scop . “ Gelatinous Hydnum.” Pileus gelatinous, tremulous, dimidiate, substipitate, papillate, glaucous, turning brown ; spines soft, pyramidal, glaucous. — Fr . Epicr. p. 512. Scliceff. 1. 144. Jacq. Austr. t. 239. FI. Dan. t. 717. Krombli. t. 50,/. 18-22. Jacq. Misc. i. t. 9. Gard. Chron. (1860), p. 1080, fig. Ann. N.H. no. 808. Carr. Linn. Journ.Y.p. 181. On trunks of firs. Rare. [United States.] Of a soft gelatinous consistence approaching that of a Tremella. Pileus fan-shaped, or rounded in front, attenuated behind so as to make a short spurious stem. In an early stage it is decurrent at the point of attachment. The surface is of a bistre brown, uneven with frequent depressions, and rough at first with little points, but at length nearly smooth. The hyme- nium is either pure white or shaded with a delicate blue tint, the spines straight, of moderate length, and very delicate. The plant shrinks much in drying. — M. J. B. Translucent like opal, gelatinous, soft, flaccid ; spines white ; pileus frosted with shining particles ; taste pleasant. Spores round, somewhat irregular, white, diameter *00027 in. — W. G . S. ** Pileus corky or coriaceous. 855. Hydnum ochraceum. P. “ Ochrey Hydnum.” Pileus effuso-reflexed, coriaceous, thin, zonate, ochraceous; spines minute, pinkish-ochre. — Fr. Epicr. p. 514. Sow . t. 15. Eng. FI. Y.p. 158. On fallen sticks, &c. Common. [United States.] Small, at first entirely resupinate, gradually reflexed, and somewhat re- pand, at first sparingly clothed with dirty-white down, at length rugose, 1-3 in. broad. Spines short, acute, entire, becoming pale. — Fries. Sect. 5. Resupinatus — pileus resupinate. * Spines brown or ferruginous. 856. Hydnum squalinum. Fr. “ Coarse Hydnum.” Subiculum, coriaceous, firm, adnate, wood-coloured ; spines crowded, long, stout, compressed, entire, at length brownish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 515. Ray. Syn. t.i.f.5. Bolt. t. 74. On trunks of trees, especially beech. Admitted on the authority of the figures of Kay and Bolton. HYDNEI. 299 857. Hydnum membranaceum. Bull . “Membranaceous Hydnum.” Subiculum, effuse, waxy-membranaceous, agglutinate, smooth, tawny-ferruginous ; spines subulate, crowded, equal, acute, of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr . p . 515. Bull. t. 481,/. 1. Soiv. 1. 327. Eng. FI. v. p. 158. Beric. exs.no. 142. Corda. Anl. t. G.,/. 74, wo. 10,11. On fallen sticks. [United States.] The spines are often collected in little fascicles, pallid when young, at length brownish. 858. Hydnum Weinmanni. Fr. “Weinmann’s Hydnum.” Subiculum, effused, waxy, membranaceous, agglutinate, smooth, greyish, fawn-coloured; spines minute, acute, rather distant, equal. — Fr. Epicr . p. 516. Pers. M.E. t. 22, f. 2. Ann. N.H. no. 713. On fallen branches. Bristol. According to Pries this species occurs chiefly on poplar branches, and when dry acquires a cinereous tinge. 859. Hydnum fus cum. P. “ Brown Hydnum.” Effused, rufous-brown ; circumference paler, coarsely byssoid ; spines long, quite entire, close, very acute, shining as if var- nished. — Pers. M.E. ii. 1. 17, /. 3. Eng. Fl.v.p. 158. On dead wood. Bare. In its dry state it is rather thicker than other effused species, and is re- markable for the long, dark, rufous-brown spines, which shine as if var- nished, — M. J. B . 860. Hydnum ferruginosum. Fr. “ Rusty Hydnum.” Subiculum effused, tomentose, tawny-ferruginous ; spines crowded, conico-subulate, acute, of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 516. Schrad. Spic. t. k.f. 2. Nees.f. 248. Eng. FI. v. p. 158. Purt. t. 15. On decaying wood. [United States.] The whole plant consists of densely woven down, forming an effused, in- determinate mass, the hymenium composed of erect or oblique spines, which are villous and frequently abortive, so as easily to be taken for some species of the order Eyphomycetes. The colour varies from ferruginous to brownish. 300 HYDNEI. 861. Hydnum variecolor. P. “ Varicoloured Hydnum.” Subiculum effuse, adnate, furfuraceo-crustaceous, white ; spines crowded, conical, short, unequal, minute, brownish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 516. On dead stumps. Bare. Somewhat similar to Hyd. farinaceum, The spines are usually adpressed. ** Spines yellowish or greenish. 862. iSydnum alutaceum. Fr. “ Tan-coloured Hydnum.” Subiculum longitudinally effuse, crustaceous, adnate, smooth, pallid ochraceous, circumference naked ; spines minute, crowded, equal, acute. — Fr. Epicr. p. 516. Ann. N.H.no. 714. On dead wood. Rare. [Mid. Carolina.] It has the colour and appearance, at first, of Grandinia granulosa , from which, however, it is quite distinct. 863. Hydnum spathulatum. Fr. “ Spoon-shaped Hydnum.” Subiculum effused, membranaceous, seceding, whitish or yel- lowish, circumference fimbriate ; spines spathulate, oblique, orange. — Fr. Epicr. p. 517. Ann. N.H. no. 281. On decaying wood. Rare. [Mid. Carolina, U.S.] The whole plant separates easily from the wood, and the teeth are broad and spathulate, by which characters it is readily distinguished. — B. Br. Spines flesh-coloured, lilac, or rufescent. 8S#. Hydnum udum. Fr. “ Moist Hydnum.” Subiculum effused, thin, subgelatinous, agglutinate, smooth, flesh-coloured, then watery yellow ; spines crowded, unequal, forked and fimbriate, of the same colour.— Fr. Epicr. p. 517. Berk. Outl. 1. 17. /. 3. Eng. FI. v.p. 160. On fallen branches. [Low and Mid. Carolina.] Forming elongated patches 4-5 in. long. When dry yellowish towards the margin, the more central parts being of a pale fawn-colour. — M. J. B. %% Spines white. 865. Hydnum niveum. P. “ Snowy Hydnum.’* White ; subiculum effused, thin, membranaceous, adnate, cir- cumference byssoid; spines crowded, short, equal, smooth. — HYDNEI. 301 Fr. Epicr. p. 518. Pers.Disp . £.4./. 6 , 7. Nees.f. 246. Anrc. N.H.no. 361. On dead wood, leaves, &c. Rare. Bristol. mr. Persistenter niveum. Teeth compressed. Running over shaded twigs of heath near the ground, in little membranaceous films. Ascot. This does not become so yellow in drying as specimens from other locali- ties. The patches are only a few lines across. 8SS. Hydnum farinaceum. P. “ Mealy Hydnum.” White ; subiculum effused, indeterminate, farinoso-crusta- ceous ; circumference somewhat flocculose ; spines slender, sub- distant, very acute and entire. — Fr. Epicr. p. 519. FI. Dan. t. 1375. Eng. FI. v. p. 158. Kl. exs. no. 623. On decayed wood. [United States.] Forming thin, effused patches, resembling scattered meal, beset with distant, acute spines. 867. Hydimm argutum. Fr. “ Spongy Hydnum.’* White; subiculum effused, spreading, tomentose, interwoven, adnate; spines acute, subulate, unequal, serrate or toothed. — Fr. Epicr. p. 519. Both. Ust. Ann. i. t . i.f. 5. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1026. On wood and bark. Sept. Bodelwyddan. Twyeross. The distinctive character seems to reside in the spongy subiculum, which consists of rather strong perpendicular threads. The spores are large and subglobose. 863. Hyinim plumasum. Duby , “ Feathered Hydnum.” Snow-white, downy ; subiculum very delicate ; spines divided, feathered at the apex. — Duby. Bot. Gall, ii .p. 778. Berk. Outl. p. 261. On dead wood. Rare. Lambley, Notts. [Low. Carolina.] Distinguished by the peculiar feathered apex of the spines. An anomalous species referred to this genus by Duby with doubt. 302 HYDNEI. Gen . 29. SISTOTREMA, Fr. Sys. Myc. Hymenimn spread oyer gill-like, somewhat waxy teeth, irregularly distributed, distinct from the pileus, and easily separable. — Fr. S. M. p. 426. Epicr.p. 520. (F7V/. 72.) Fleshy or membranaceous fungi, either with a stem or sessile. 869. Sistotrema con&uens. Pers . “ Confluent Sistotrema.” Simple, confluent, white; pileus fleshy, irregular, horizontal, yillous ; stem somewhat excentric ; teeth flexuose (entire or jagged). — Fr. Epicr.p. o20. Pull, t . 4o3 1. Grev. t . 248. Sow. t. 112. Eng. FI. v.p. 160. On the ground. [Mid. Carolina.] Gregarious, often anastomosing, or two or three growing into each other, scentless, brittle, whitish, at length yellowish, or tinged with brown ; stem attenuated below, central or lateral, about an inch high ; pileus about 1 in. broad, somewhat depressed. Tooth-like plates of the hymenium entire or jagged. — Grev . (PiQ* Gen . 30. IRPEX, Fr.El.p. 142. Teeth formed at an early stage of the growth of the subiculum, con- crete with it, and disposed in rows, or like network, and connected to- gether. ( Fig . 73.) Hymenium inferior, at first toothed. Teeth variable, firm, somewhat coriaceous, acute, entirely concrete with the pileus, placed in rows, or netted and connected at the base into lamellae, or porous folds. Ligna- tile fungi, rather coriaceous, approaching Lenzites and Dcedalea , but the hymenium is toothed from the first, the teeth not lacer- ated. — Fr. Epicr.p. 521. Fig. 73. HYDNEI. 303 870. Irpex pendulus. Fr . “ Pendulous Irpex.” Pileus membranaceous, plicate, clothed with adpressed, pilose scales, yellow ; extended behind, pendulous ; margin white ; teeth seriate, large, incised, white. — Fr . Epicr.p. 521. All.Q'Sch.t. 6,/. 7. Eng. FI. v.p. 160. Bisch.f. 3411. Babh. F.E. no. 19. On pine wood. Rare. Scotland. [Low. Carolina.] Pilei 1 in. or more broad, very thin, somewhat resembling- paper, capable of being folded np or stretched, concrete or infundibuliform, from a stem- like base, clothed with long, even, pilose scales, so closely pressed that the whole surface appears slightly rugulose; spines distinct, chiefly seated on the produced base, which is at length brownish, various in form, generally disposed in rows. — Fries. 871. Irpex Johnstoni. Berk. “ Johnston’s Irpex.” Pure white, coriaceo-membranaceous, separable from the matrix ; circumference naked ; teeth compressed, unequal, dis- posed in rows. — Berk. Outl. p. 262. Irpex lacteus, Eng. FI. v.p. 161. On dead branches of beech. Two inches long, effused, with the margin reflexed all round, and the teeth exactly resembling those of many true species of Ilydnum , but on minute inspection they will be found to be seated upon fine folds, and dis- posed in row3. — M. J. B. 872. Earpex obliq^ius. Fr. “ Oblique Irpex.” Effuse, crustuso-adnate, white, then pallid, circumference byssoid, teeth springing from a porous base, compressed, un- equal, incised, oblique. — Fr. Epicr.p. 523. Bolt. t. 167,/. 1. Kl. exs. no. 121. On fallen branches. Berwick. Linlithgowshire. [Low. and Mid. Carolina.] “This spreads in irregular patches on the surface of decaying wood. The pores for a small space round the margin are round and distinct, but to- wards the centre greatly lengthened out, lying one upon another in an im- bricated manner. The colour is white at first, when old it changes to a yellow brown, and at last to a dirty, fuscou3 black.” — Bolton. (Fig. 73.) 873. Irpex fusco-violaceus. Fr. “ Violet Irpex.” Pileus effused, reflexed, coriaceous, silky, zoned, greyish white ; teeth lamelloso-seriate, brownish yiolet, incised at the tips. — Fr. Epicr. p. 521. Willd. Bot. Mag. iv. t. 2./. 5. Fckl. exs. no. 1337. Br. Bath. Trans. 1870.^9. 87. On pine trunks. Leigh Woods. [Mid. Carolina.] 304 HYDNEI. Gen. 31 . RADULUM, Fr. El. p. 148. Fig. 74. Tubercles rude, irregular, com- monly elongated and cylindrical, obtuse, waxy. (Fig. 74.) Hymenium amphigenous, tubercular. Tubercles rough, irregular, generally elongated and cylindrical, obtuse, waxy or fleshy, scattered or fasciculate. A very natural genus of epixylous fungi, resupi- nate, extended, usually breaking through the bark. — Fr. Fjpicr. j). 524. 87£. Sta&nlum osr&iculasre. Fr. “ Orbicular Radulum.” In the autumn — effused, orbicular, confluent, white, then yel- lowish ; circumference byssoid ; tubercles elongated, irregular, roundish, scattered or fasciculate ; in the spring — waxy or fleshy, smooth, flesh-coloured ; tubercles broader and shorter. — Fr. Epicr.p. 524. Grev. t. 278. Eng. FI. v. p. 161. Bail . t.*2 9. On dead branches of birch. Very variable, generally originating beneath the epidermis, 2-3 in. broad, quite membranaceous, or above 2 lines thick, margin byssoid, occasionally showing a disposition to become reflexed; hymenium consisting of irregularly disposed, oblique, or erect, tooth-like, obtuse, entire, or laoiniated, often fas- ciculate tubercles, the apices sometimes somewhat tomentose. Occasionally they are much scattered and almost resemble spines. — M. J. B. 875. Radulmn quercimim. Fr. “ Oak Radulum.” Somewhat rounded, then broadly confluent, innate, crus- taceous, becoming smooth, white, then pallid ; tubercles rounded, elongated, stout, obtuse, scattered, or fasciculate, irre- gular, floccoso-villose at the apex. — Fr. Epicr.p. §25. Ray. Syn. t. 1./. 4. Ann. N. H . no. 362. Hydnum Barba- Jovis, Sow. t. 328. Eng. FI. y.p. 159. On branches of oak. Bare. Adnate, persistent, 2-3 in. long, according to Fines, but Eng. FI. states — “ Sometimes a foot or more broad, white when young, then yellowish rufous, membranaceous, composed of the finest down, margin byssoid, pure white.” (Fig. 74J HYDNEI. 305 876. Radulum fagineum. Fr. “ Beech Radulum.” Innate, decorticating, smooth, white, becoming pallid; tu- bercles elongated, terete, obtuse, entire. — Fr.El.p. 152. Fr . Epicr.p. 525. On prostrate beeches. Feb. Mar. .Epping Forest. W.G.S . [Mid. Carolina.] This species was found in abundance in Epping Forest in 1869, but has not been met with since. Gen. 32. PHLEBIA, Fr. S. M. p. 426. Hymenium soft and waxy (sub- gelatinous^, spread over persistent crest-like wrinkles or veins, whose edge is entire. (Eig. 75.) Hymenium amphigenous, of a soft, waxy texture, glabrous, continuous, from the first corrugated, spread over crowded, in- terrupted, and persistent wrinkles or veins, whose edge is entire. Resupinate, spread- ing fungi, when moist gelatinous and waxy, when dry cartilaginous.— Fr. Epicr.p. 526. 877. Phlebia merismoides. Fr. “ Straight-folded Phlebia.” Effuse, even or encrusting, flesh-coloured, then livid, white and villous beneath, circumference orange, strigose ; wrinkles simple, straight, crowded. — Fr. Epicr.p. 526. Grev.t. 280. Huss. ii. t. 44. Eng. F. y.p. 162. Bail. t. 29. On old stumps and decayed branches. Rare. [United States.] “ Plant 2-3 in. across, folds nearly straight when growing on a smooth Surface, passing into prominent papillae in individuals incrusting mosses.’* Thin, almost tremelloid when fresh. ( Fig . 75.) 878. Phlebia radiata. Fr. “ Radiating Phlebia.” Subrotund, equal, smooth on both sides, fleshy-red, circum- ference radiato-dentate, folds straight, radiating in rows. — Fr. Epicr. p. 526. Sow. t. 291. Eng. FI. y. p. 162. On bark. Very rare. Appin. [United States.] 306 HYDNEI, Between fleshy and membranaceous, tough, at first orbicular, then dilated, confluent, 1-3 inches broad; margin free, smooth, but beautifully fibroso- radiated ; folds radiating from the centre, short, interwoven, very close. — Fries. Thicker than P. merismoides , and bright in colour, almost orange. — M. J. B. 879. Phlebia contoxta. Fr. “ Contorted Phlebia.” Effuse, rather firm, rufous, then brown, smooth on both sides, circumference indeterminate, folds here and there conglomerate, or ramulose, somewhat flexuose, irregularly disposed. — Fr. Epicr. p. 526. Pers. M.E. 1. 18./. 5. On decayed wood. Rare. Effused and contorted, substance firmer than in the last, folds not radia- ting, but sometimes scattered and sometimes conglomerated. 880. Phlebia vaga. Fr. “ Eambling Phlebia.” Effuse, adnate ; circumference byssoid or fibrillose, dirty-yel- lowish ; hymenium yellowish-grey ; veins creeping, intricate, at length coalescing, and granuloso-papillose. — Fr. Epicr. p. 527. Ann. N.H.no. 51. Loudon,/. 16126. On decayed wood. Common. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Arachnoid at first, then traversed with intricate fructifying veins, rather than wrinkles, which multiply rapidly and form an intricate mass. — M. J. B. Gen. 33. GRANDINIA, Fr. Gen. Hym. Fig. 76. Hymenium waxy, granulated ; granules obtuse, entire, equal, crowded, smooth, persistent. {Fig. 76.) Hymenium amphigenous, continu- ous, waxy, papillose, warty, orgranu- lose ; the granules globular or hemis- pherical, entire, obtuse, crowded, re- gular, glabrous, persistent. Incrust- ing, spreading, soft fungi. — Fr. Epicr. p- 527. 881. Grandinia papillosa. Fr. “Papillose Grandinia.” Membranaceous, subrotund, entire, seceding, milk white, smooth and yellowish beneath ; circumference furfuraceous ; hymenium very much cracked ; granules minute, crowded, equal, subsphe- HYDNEI, 307 rical. — Fr. Epicr.p . 528. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 282. Libert, exs. no. 21. On sticks. Wiltshire. C. E . B. The plant found by Mr. Broome in Wiltshire is exactly like that of Madame Libert ; it was probably omitted from Berkeley’s Outlines from a doubt whether it was really the species intended by Fries. 882. Gxandinia granulosa. Fr. “ Granular Grandada.” Waxy, broadly effused, agglutinate, tan-coloured; circumfer- ence determinate, smooth; hymenium equal; granules hemis- pherical, equal, crowded. — Fr.Epicr. p. 527. Yhelephora granu- losa, Eng. Fl.v.p. 171. Berk, exs.no. 299. On fallen branches. Common. [United States.] Forming a thin, adnate, whitish, or sub-ochraceous stratum, following the irregularities of the wood, with scarcely any definite circumference, beset with crowded, rather sharp granules. — M.J.B. (Fig. 76>) 883. Gzandinia ocellata. Fr. “ Ocellate Grandinia.” Waxy, broadly effused, agglutinate, livid ; circumference in- determinate, sterile; hymenium unequal; granules crowded, somewhat conical, obtuse, equal, of the same colour. — B. fy Br . Ann. N.H. no. 1027. Fr. Epicr.p. 527. On dead prostrate trunks. Aug. Sept. Bodelwyddan. Coed Coch. Gen. 34. OBONTIA, Fr. Gen. Hym. 884. Odontia fimbriata Subiculum formed of inter- woven fibres, clothed with pa- pillose or spine-shaped warts, which are crested at the apex. (Fig. 77.) Hymenium inferior, formed of fi- bres interwoven into papillose warts, rarely awl or brittle-like, furnished at the apex with a multifid crest. Re- supinate, spreading fungi, dry, not waxy, approaching more to Uydnum. — Fr. EjpiW'jp. 528. Fr. “ Fringed Odontia.” Effuse, membranaceous, separating, traversed by rhizomorphoid threads, pallid ; circumference fibrilloso-fimbriate ; warts minute, 308 ATJRICULARINI, granuliform, apex multifid, rufescent. — Fr. Epicr.p. 529. Pers. M.E.t. 6,/. 5, 6 . Berk. exs. no. 143. Hydnum fimbriatum , Eng. FI. v.p. 159. On fallen branches. [United States.] In young perfect specimens the membrane is furnished with branched ribs, which adhere less firmly to the matrix. Margin most elegantly radiato- fibrillose, white. Dry specimens are of a uniform fawn-colour. Sometimes the fimbriated margin is entirely absent. Warts at first granular, minute, at length elongated. - M. J. B . (.Fig* 7 70 Order IV. A URICULARINI. Hymenium confluent with the hymenophore, at first even, or rarely veined, and commonly remaining even. Fleshy— Hymenium distinct, evenorrugose, putrescent when old Hymenium fleshy, tough, at length rigid, stri- ate, veined, or papillose Hymenium coriaceous, even, without bristles Beset with short stiff bristles . . . Hymenium gelatinous when moist, folded . . Hymenium fleshy, collapsing when dry, even . Cup-shaped, submembranaceous — Hymenium inferior Cylindrical, tubular Hymenium homogeneous, closely floccose, beset with rigid, fasciculate bristles Craterellus. Thelephora . Stereum. Hymenochcete. Auricularia . Corticium. Cyphella. Solenia . Kneiffia. Gen . 35 . KNEIFFIA, Fr. Gen. Hym. O © 0 Soft, loosely fleshy, flocculose and collapsing when dry ; hyme- nium rough with rigid, scattered, and fasciculate bristles. (Fig. 78.) Hymenium amphigenous, continuous, destitute of granules or warts, rough with stiff bristles scattered or fasciculate. Fleshy, soft fungi protruding in various forms from the clefts of bark, in their most perfect form hemispherical ; col- lapsing into flocci when dry. - Fr. Epicr. p. 529. Fig. 78. AURICULARINX. 309 885. Kneifiia setigera. Fr . “ Bristly Kneiffia.” White, irregularly effused, thickish, fleshy, undulate, flocculose within, silky beneath, bristles scattered, hyaline. — Fr . Epicr. p. 529. Fr . El.p. 208. Ann . W.tf. rco. 363. On fallen branches. Wraxall. [United States.] White, somewhat resembling Grandinia granulosa in general appearance. — A i.J.B. (Fig. 78.) Gen. 36. CRATERELLUS, Fr. Gen. Hym. Fleshy. Hymenium un- changeable, carnoso-membra- naceous, distinct, smooth, even, or at length rugose. Putres- cent when old. {Fig. 79.) Fig. 79. 886. Craterellus lutescens. Fr. “ Yellowish Craterellus.” Pileus submembranaceous, tubseform, soon pervious, undulated, brown, flocculose ; stem hollow, yellow ; hymenium remotely costate, even, then rough with interwoven veins. — Fr. Epicr. p. 532. JPers. M.E. 1 . 13, f. 1. Schceff. 1 . 157. Kl. exs. ii., no. 208. Bolt. 1. 105,/. 2. Batsch.f. 36. Cantharellus lutescens , Eng. FI. v. p. 126. In woods. Rare. Edinburgh. [Low. Carolina.] Single or gregarious. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, depressed, at length infundi- buliform, yellowish livid-brown ; veins decurrent, anastomosing, flexuous, yellow or flesh colour ; stem 2-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, yellow, hollow, un- equal. — Grev. 887. Craterellus cornucopioides. Fr. “ Horn-like Craterellus.” Pileus submembranaceous, tubadbrm, pervious, squamulose, dingy-black ; stem hollow, black ; hymenium even, then rugu- lose, cinereous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 532. Bisch. f. 3304. FI. Dan. t. 384, 1260. Kl. exs. no. 626. Schceff. t. 165, 166. Sow. t. 74. 310 ATJRICTJLARINI, Krombli. t. 45, /. 18, £.46,/. 10-13. Mich.t. 82,/. 5, 6. Berk . Outl. t. 19,/. 6. iZwss. ii. t. 37. 2?. <£• Br. Ann. N. H. 1866, p. 55. Cantharellus cornucopioides ) Eng. Fl.y. p. 126. Schnitz. Sturm, t. 5. In woods, on the ground. [United States.] Spores *0006 X *00035 in, Sporophores forked above, the spicules long and often less than four in number. More or less tufted. Pileus 3 in. or more broad, dark brown- black, perforated, trumpet- shaped, somewhat lobed and split, tough, elastic, rugoso-squamulose, confluent with the subobsoiete black stem. Hymenium decurrent, cinereous, either very slightly rugulose, or dis- tinctly wrinkled. — M. J. B. ( Fig . 79J 888. Craterellus sinuosus. Fr. “ Waved Craterellus.” Pileus rather fleshy, infundibuliform, undulated, flocculoso- villous, brownish-grey ; stem stuffed ; hymenium at length im- plexo-rugose, pallid cinereous, as well as the stem. — Fr. Epicr. p. 533. Vaill. t. 11,/. 11-13. Cantharellus sinuosus , Eng. Fl.y. p. 127. Kl. exs . no. 625. Berk. exs. no. 280. In woods. Scotland. Distinguished from every state of the preceding by the colour, and the different nature of the stem. — M.J.B . Spores cream colour, ’00021 X *00035 in. 889. Csrateiellus ciispus. Fr. 11 Crisped Craterellus.” Pileus somewhat pervious, crisped, dingy, inclined to tawny ; stem stuffed below ; hymenium nearly even. — Fr. Epicr. p. 533. Bull. t. 465. Sow. t. 75. Cooke exs. no. 225. In woods. Hymenium sometimes white, sometimes dingy. Fries appears to con- sider it a variety of C. sinuosus . Gen. 37. THELEFHORA, Fr. Gen. Hym. Pileus destitute of cuticle, consisting of interwoven fibres. Hymenium costato-striate or papillose, of a tough, fleshy consistence, at length rigid, and finally collapsing and floc- culent. ( Fig. 80.) Fig. 80. AUEICULAEINI. 311 Sect . 1. Mesopus . 890. Thelephora Sowerbei. Berk. “ Sowerby’s Thelephora.” White, infundibuliform, at length discoloured, rough and aculeate above, hymenium not setulose. — B. Br. Ann . N.H . 1865, no. 1027*. Berk. Outl.p . 266. Sow. t. 155. On the ground in woods. Bare. Burnham Beeches. When fresh of a pure white, when exposed to the weather it assumes a dingy yellow tinge here and there. The hymenium is not in the slightest degree setulose. The pileus is rough, with radiating processes projecting from the surface. Sowerby’s figure was evidently taken from discoloured speoimens, but is very faithful. — M.J.B . 891. Thelephora multizonata. B. $ Br. “Many-zoned Thelephora.” Pileus multiplex, infundibuliform, originating from the vari- able confluent lobes and stems, above of a beautiful fleshy-red, and much zoned ; margin lobato-crenulate, hymenium finely ribbed, paler, smooth. — Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1028, t. xiii ./. 4. T . pannosa , Eng. FI. \.p. 163. T. Sowerbei, Berk. Outl. in part. On the ground. Cotterstock. Forming a dense mass, of a beautiful reddish tint ; flesh and stem zoned within . Perfectly distinct from Sowerby’s plant, with which it is confounded in Eng. FI. and Berk. Outl. 892. Thelephora tuberosa. Grev. “ Tuberous Thelephora.” Subcoriaceous, smooth, pallid, becoming rufous; pileus cut down to the bulbous stem into compressed branches, disposed in an infundibuliform manner, hymenium inferior, smooth. — Fr. Epicr.p. 535. Grev. t. 178. Eng. FI. Y.p. 164. On the ground. Rare. Edinburgh. [Mid. Carolina.] Scattered, subcoriaceous, about 1 in. high ; pileus about two-thirds of the height of the entire plant, variously divided into compressed, acute, or ob- tuse branches. The main branches are given off from the same point, and are disposed in a circular manner, leaving the centre free, and somewhat infundibuliform ; stem nearly C3 T lindrical, obscurely furrowed, or lacunose, bulbous at the base. Hymenium covering the whole plant except the stem. Spores oval, numerous. — Grev. 893. Thelephora anthocephala. Fr. “Flower-headed Thelephora.” Coriaceous, soft, subferruginous ; pileus divided to the simple, equal, villous stem, into sub-erect lacinise, which are dilated up- wards, and fimbriate, becoming whitish ; hymenium inferior, 312 AURICULARINI. even. — Fr. Epicr.p. 536. Bull. t. 452,/) 1. Berk. Outl.t. 17,/. 4. Sow. t. 156. Berk, exs . no. 244. T. coralloides , Eng. FI. v.p. 163. On the ground in woods. [United States.] From the same point spring many erect, often confluent, pale branches, spreading upwards into greyish or purplish brown, strongly streaked branch- lets, disposed frequently like the petals of a pink, their apices dilated, pale, and generally fimbriated. Smell scarcely any.— M. J. B. 894. Thelephora caryophyllea. Fr. “Clove-coloured Thelephora.” Subcoriaceous, purplish brown ; pileus depressed, fibroso- lacerate; margin sometimes incised, sometimes divided into a few linear branches, hymenium nearly even, smooth. — Fr.Epicr. p. 536. Ann. N.H. no. 283. Berk. exs. no. 241. Cooke.exs.no . 219. Corda. Icon.Y.f. 72. Schnitz. Sturm, t. 6. On the ground in woods. Eare. Bungay. [United States.] It assumes every form, from that of a perfect cup with a central stem to a much and irregularly branched frond. — M. J. B. Sect. 2. Merisma. 895. Thelephora palmata. Fr. “ Palmate Thelephora.” Coriaceous, soft, erect, very much branched, pubescent, pur- plish-brown, base simple and stcm-like, branches flat, even; dilated above, palmate, sub-fastigiate, tips fimbriate, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 537. Grev. t. 46. Krombh. t. 54,/. 24, 25. Holms, i. t. 10. Bisch.f. 3311. Nees.f. 151. Eng.Fl.x.p. 163. Smith, PM. f. 4. JRabh. F.E. no. 119. On the ground. Very foetid. [United States.] Smell very bad a few minutes after gathering, varying from £ in. to more than 4 in. in height, and from a single stem to a dense mass, 2 or 3 in. in thickness. — Grev. 896. Thelephora terrestris. Fr. “ Ground Thelephora.” Csespitose, soft, brown, at length blackish; pileoli imbricated, plane, fibroso-strigose, zoneless, elongated into a somewhat lateral stem ; margin similar ; hymenium inferior, radiato rugose. Fr. Epicr.p. 538. Nees.f. 2 51. Bcitsch.f. 121. Eng. FI. v.p. 165. Bail. t. 28. Ann. de. Sc. Nat. (1837) viii. t. 8.f. 12, t. 11,/. 29. On the ground. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Pileus 1-2 in. across, somewhat zoned, papillae scattered.— Eng. FI. AURICTJLAEINI. 313 Sect. 3. Apus. 897. Thelephora cr is tat a. Fr. ‘ ‘ Crested Thelephora.” Incrusting, rather tough, pallid, passing into branches, or as- cending caespitose latinise, apices subulate, fimbriate ; hymenium papillose, on even spaces, or the sides of the branches. — Fr. Epicr.p. 539. Desm. exs. no. 362. Bull. t. 415,/. 1. Sow. 1. 158. Linncea.Y.t.7 ,f.2. Eng. FI. v. p. 164. Bisch.f. 3290. Ann. N.H. no. 284. Berk. exs. no. 243. FI. Dan . t. 2272, f. 3. On moss, &c. Whitish, greyish, or purplish brown ; at first quite resupinate, gradually extending, and acquiring a branched appearance, the apices compressed, expanded, and beautifully fringed or laciniated. — Eng. FI. 898. Thelephora mollissima. P. “ Soft Thelephora.” Fleshy, soft, incrusting ; pileus effuso-reflexed, laciniate, sub- tomentose, whitish, hymenium inferior, smooth, even, purplish- brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 540. Berk. Outl. t. 17,/. 5. Ann. N.H. no. 286. Berk. exs. no. 245. Desm. exs. no. 362. On the ground in woods. Extremely variable, sometimes quite effused, sometimes assuming the form of T. pcdmata. — M.J. B. Often incrusting the stems of grasses, as in the figure quoted above. 899. Thelephora laciniata. P. “ Torn Thelephora.” Coriaceous, soft, incrusting, ferruginous brown ; pilei sub- imbricated, effuso-reflexed, fibroso-squamose, margin fibrous, fimbriated, at first whitish ; hymenium inferior, papillose, floc- culose. — Fr.Epicr. p. 540. Bolt. t. 173. Sow. t. 213. FI. Dan. 1 . 1198, 949. Eng . FI. v.p. 165. Berk. exs. no. 242. Cooke exs. no. 220 . On branches, heathy ground, &c. Common. [United States.] Larger, paler, and not so strigose as T. terrestris , the fibres being adnate forming little ridges, rather than scales ; margin fringed and laciniated ; papillae closer. — M. J. B. ( Fig. 80 .) 900. Thelephora Mennis. Fr. “ Biennial Thelephora.” Coriaceous, soft, broadly incrusting, cinereous-brown ; pilei at length reflexed, narrow, tomentose; circumference fimbriated ; hymenium subresupinate, smooth, subsetulose, plicate at the base. — Fr. Epicr.p. 540. Bull. t. 436. Ann. N.H. no. 364. p 314 ATJRICULARINI* On the ground, incrusting stones, &c. Bare. Kew and Bowood. [Mid. and Up. Carolina.] SOI. Thelephora fastidiosa. Fr. “ Stinking Thelephora.” Effused, soft, amorphous, incrusting, white, passing into laminose branches ; hymenium inferior, at length rufous, papil- lose. — Fr. Epicr. p. 540. Ann . N.H. no. 285. On the ground. Foetid. _ Distinguishable at once by its abominable odour, which remains for a long time in dried specimens.— M. J. B. 902. Thelephora byssoides. P. “ Byssoid Thelephora.” Irregularly effused, at first byssoid, ochraceous-white, then in a compact, fleshy disc, pulverulent, yellowish, circumference byssoid, whitish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 542. Eng. FI. y.p. 168. Eerie, exs. no. 20. El. Dan. t. 2276./. 2. On the ground amongst fir leaves, &c. Patches 1 ft. or more broad, at first white, very thin, soft and cottony, but not radiating, with a slight ochraceous tinge in the centre, gradually thickening, and becoming more or less tuberculated; at length of a more or less intense yellow-brown from the ejection of the oval, obtuse spores.— M.J.B. Sect. 4. Besupinatus. 903. Thelephora caesia. P. “ Ash-grey Thelephora.” Effused, determinate, soft, continuous, ashy-grey ; hymenium nearly even; setae quaternate. — Fr. Epicr. p. 541. Nees.f. 254. Pers. Obs. i. t. 3./. 6. Ann. N.H. no. 365. Berk. Outl.p.26 9. On the ground in woods. The surface is sometimes quite smooth, sometimes distinctly papillose.— M.J.B. 904. Thelephora sebacea. Fr. “Waxy Thelephora.” Effused, fleshy, waxy, becoming hard, incrusting, variable, tuberculose or stalactitic, whitish, circumference similar ; hyme- nium flocculose, pruinose, or evanescent. — Fr. Epicr. p. 542, Pers. Comm. t. A.f. 4. El. Dan. 1 . 1302. Letell. t. 607./. 3. Berk . Ontl. 1 . 17./. 6. Bon. 1 . 12. f. 253. Kl.exs.no. 1811. On grass, &c. Common. [United States.] AURICTJLARINI. 315 905. Thelephora puteana. Schum . “ Cellar Thelephora.” Boundish and effused, fleshy, rather thick, fragile, pallid- yellowish ; circumference mucedinous, white ; hymenium sub- undulated. — Fr.Epicr.p . 542. FI. Dan. t. 2035 .f. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 7. On stumps, wood in cellars, &c. Varying from almost perfect evenness to considerable inequality of sur- face, with various tints of olive, tawny, ferruginous, cinereous, &c., in the same patch. When rubbed it has a disagreeable fishy odour. — M.J.B . 906. Thelephora laxa. Fr . “ Loose Thelephora.” Membranaceous, soft, loosely adherent, beneath arachnoid, tomentose ; circumference by ssoid, white ; hymenium papillose, pallid, then olive-ferruginous, powdered with ferruginous spores. —Fr. Epicr.p . 543. Ann. N.H. no. 366. On lichens, moss, &c. Bare. Analogous to Thelephora puteana. 907. Thelephora arida. Fr. “ Dry Thelephora.” Membranaceous, effused, adnate, continuous, circumference whitish ; hymenium even, sulphureous tan colour, then setulose, powdery, ferruginous-umber. — Ann. N.H. no. 8. Fr. El. i. p. 197. Berlc. exs. no. 148. On decayed pine-wood. Common. [Low. Carolina.] Not so thick as Thelephora puteana. 908. Thelephora olivacea. Fr. “ Olive Thelephora.” Membranaceous, effused, adnate, circumference fimbriated, whitish ; hymenium dull olive, setulose, tomentose. — Fr. Epicr. p. 543. Berk. Outl.p. 269. On pine wood, 909. Thelephora anthochroa. P. “Bright-coloured Thelephora.” Effused, sub-adnate, circumference byssoid, paler ; hymenium even, brownish-rose, then pallid, floccose, velvety.-^ Fr. Epicr. p. 544. var. versicolor. Variously tinted with fugitive shades of lilac and brown. — Berk. Outl.p. 270. Ann. N.H. no. 809. On sycamore twigs. Bare. [Mid. Carolina.] The young plant of the above variety is not at all brick-coloured, but variously tinted with fugitive shades of lilac and brown. — B. & Br. p 2 316 ATTKICULARINI. Gen . 38. STEREUM, Fr. Hymenium coriaceous, rather thick, concrete with the intermediate stratum of the pileus, which has a cuticle, al- ways even and veinless, unchangeable, not beset with bristles. ( Fig . 81 .) Fig. 81. 910. Stezeum puzpuzeum. Fr. “ Purple Stereum.” Coriaceous, soft; pileus effuso-reflexed, obsoletely zoned, yilloso-tomentose, pallid or whitish ; hymenium naked, even, smooth, purplish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 548. Sow. if. 388,/. 1. Bull, t . 483,/. 1. Desm. exs. no. 117, 414. Mich. t. 66, /.4. Huss. i. t. 20. (Batsch.f. 131. var.) Tlielephor a purpurea, Eng. FI. v. p. 166. Berk. exs. no. 147. On fallen trunks, especially poplar. Common. [United States.] Perennial, Tn general densely imbricated, soft but coriaceous, very rigid when dry, deeply zoned, strigose, but not so much as in the next species ; margin much waved, and almost plicate, varying greatly in colour, whitish, yellowish-pallid lilac, and with frequently a black zone near the margin. Hymenium smooth, in general of a fine purple or lilac, at length cinereous, sometimes dark brown. — M. J. B 911. Stezeum hizsutum. Fr. “ Hairy Stereum.” Coriaceous ; pileus effused and reflexed, strigose, hairy, some- what zoned, becoming pallid; margin rather obtuse, yellow; hymenium eyen, smooth, naked, juiceless, yellowish, unchanged when bruised. — Fr. Epicr.p. 549. Sow. t. 27. Grev. t. 256. FI. Dan.t. 1199 (1738/ 1. var.) Bull. t. 274(483,/. 2, 4, var.) Desm. exs. no. 116. Price,/. 8. Mich. t. 66,/. 2. Berk. Outl. t. 17, /. 7. Huss. i. t. 58. Thelenhora hirsuta , Eng. FI. v.p. 166. Cooke, exs. no. 307. Babh. F.E. no. 1109. Berk. exs. no. 146. On stumps, &c. Common eyerywhere. [United States.] ATJRICTTLARINI. 317 Perennial. Variable. At first resnpinate, at length generally reflexed, often imbricated, more or less zoned, strigose, tough and leathery, but not rigid, buff, yellowish, or greyish, often acquiring a greenish tinge from the presence of minute Alga?. Hymenium smooth, even, buff, sometimes cinere- ous; margin entire, more or iess lobed. — M.J.B . (Fig. 81.,) 912. Stereum spadiceum. Fr. “ Bright-brown Stereum.” Coriaceous; pilei effuso -reflexed, villous, sub-ferruginous; margin rather obtuse, white, even beneath, smooth and brownish, bleeding when bruised. — Fr. Epicr.p. 549. FI. Dan. t. 1619,/. 1. Bull. t. 483,/. 5. Sow. t. 25. Ann. N.H. no. 50. Berk, exs . no. 144. Cooke , exs. no. 304. On sticks, especially ash. Common. [United States.] Easily known from every state of Stereum pur pur eum by its becoming blood- stained when scratched. Spores copious, pure white, oblong-elliptic. — M.J.B. 913. Stereum sanguinolentmn. Fr. “ Bleeding Stereum.*’ Coriaceous, thin ; pileus effuso-reflexed, closely silky, some- what striate, pallid ; margin acute, white; hymenium even, smooth, brownish-cinereous, bleeding when wounded, when old pruinose. — Fr. Epicr.p. 549. Bail. t. 28. Grev.t. 225. Fl.Boruss. t. 381. Thelephora sanguinolenta, Eng. FI. v.p. 167. On wood of firs. Common. [Low. and Mid. Carolina.] Densely gregarious, at first resupinate and circular, at length dimidiate, or with the margin more or less reflexed all round, silky or almost strigose, zoned, the zones darker ; hymenium rough, from the inequalities of the matrix, otherwise smooth, pale greyish -brown, when scratched or bruised becoming instantly blood-red. — M. J. B. 914. Stereum mgosimi. Fr. “ Rugose Stereum.*’ Corky, rigid ; pileus effused, and shortly refiexed, obtusely marginate, at length smooth, bright-brown ; hymenium unpolished, pruinose, somewhat blood-stained when bruised. — Fr. Epicr. p. 552. T. Lauro-cerasi , Eng. FI. var. Thelephora rugosa , Eng. FL v. p. 166. Berk. exs. no. 145. On stumps, especially hazel. Common. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Assuming a blood-red colour when scratched. Sometimes surviving one or more seasons, and then thick and zoned within. 915. Stereum acezinum. Fr. “ Maple Stereum.” Crustaceous, adnate, even, smooth, white, — Fr. Epicr. p. 553. 318 ATJEICULAEINI. Thelepliora acerina, Eng. FI. y.p. 172. Moug. exs. no. 991. BerTc. exs. no. 65. On living maple trunks. Common. [United States.] Spreading in small detached patches over the whole trunk, and resembling the barren-white crust of a lichen ; distinguished from C. sambuci by its thicker substance, and not changing colour at all when dry. It is of a some- what farinaceous texture, and cracks very slightly in drying. — M.J. B . Gen. 39. HYMENOCHSTE, Lev. Coriaceous, dry. Hymenium even, beset with short, stiff, co- loured bristles. ( Fig. 82.) Fig 82. 91®. Hymenochaete zubiginosa. Lev. “Rubiginous Hymeno- chsete.” Coriaceous, rigid ; pileus effuso-reflexed, somewhat fasciated, velvety, rubiginous, then becoming smooth and bright-brown, intermediate stratum tawny-ferruginous ; hymenium ferruginous, velvety. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 550. FI. Dan. 1. 1619,/. 2. Berk. exs. no. 247. Moug. exs.no. 394:. Desm. exs.no .413. Sow. t. 26. Thele - phora rubiginosa , Eng. FI. Y.p. 165. On gate posts. Common. [United States.] Perennial. At first resupinate, at length reflexed, the lower margin gene- rally adhering firmly, very rigid and brittle, often so deeply grooved as to cause corresponding ridges in the hymenium, which is velvety and coarsely, but sparingly, papillose. Margin paler and minutely tomentose. — M. J. B. (Fig. 82 J 917. Hymenochaete tabacina. Lev. “ Flaccid Hymenochaste.” Coriaceous, thin, flaccid ; pileus effused, reflexed, silky, at length smooth, somewhat ferruginous ; margin and intermediate filamentose stratum golden-yellow ; hymenium paler, pubescent. — Fr. Fpicr.p. 550. Bolt. 1. 174. Berk. exs. no. 248. Desm.exs.no. 415. Thel. tabacina , Eng. FI. v. p. 165. Ann. N.H. no. 152. On fallen branches. Bare. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] AUEICULARINI. 319 Differs from the foregoing in not being rigid, and in consequence shrivel- ling when dry, and losing all its beauty j margin in general reflexed all round —M.J.B. 918. Hymenochaete cormgata, Berk “ Cracked Hymeno- chaete.” Effused, closely adnate, indeterminate, cinnamon, cracked when dry. — Berk. Outl.p. 272. Grev. t. 234. Berk, exs.no. 298 , 249. Thelephora corrugata , Eng. FI. v.p. 172. On sticks in woods. Common. [United States.] Ferruginous brown, with sometimes a slight purplish tinge and a grey bloom, as if covered with a thin coat of white body-colour ; bristles under the microscope jointed. — Grev. Gen. 40. AURICUZiAHIA, Fr. Hymeninm irregularly and distantly folded, gelatinous when wet, different in sub- stance from the pileus. (Fig. S3.) 919. Auricularia mesenterica. Bull . “ Entire Auricularia.” Pilei resupinate, then reflexed, entire, villous, zoned and fas- ciate, brownish-cinereous ; hymenium costato-plicate, brownish - violet. — Fr.Epicr.p. 555. Bull. t. 290. Sow. t. 290. Bolt. t. 172. Moug. exs.no . 492. Desm. exs. no. 221. Mich. t. 66,/. 4. Russ. ii. t. 6. Phlebia mesenterica , Eng. FI. v.p. 162. Cooke , exs. no. 308. Babh. F.E. no. 1215. Price,/. 27. On stems of trees. [Mid. Carolina.] At first effused, and quite resupinate, at length more or less reflexed, often dimidiate, occasionally infundibuliform , 2-3 in. broad, gelatinous in wet weather, hard and cartilaginous when dry, the upper surface tomentose, more or less zoned or fasciated ; hymenium purplish-violet or light -brown, quite smooth or wrinkled, especially when dry, powdered with a beautiful bloom. — M. J. B. Spores white, *00027 X *00018 in. ( Fig. 83J Fig. 83. 320 ATJRICULARINI. 920. Auricularia lobata. Somm. “ Lobed Auricularia.” Pilens effuso-reflexed, lobed, variegated with strigose or to- mentose, velvety or smooth zones, brownish -white ; liymenium livid-tawny; folds distant, reticulated. — Fr. Epicr.p. 555. Berk . Outl. t. 18,/. 1. On bark of trees. Staunton. Very nearly allied to Auricularia mesenterica. Gen . 41. COUTZCIUM, Fr. Hymenium soft and fleshy, swollen when moist, collapsing and becoming even when dry, often rimose. ( Fig . 84.) Fig. 84. Sect . 1 . Apus. 921. Corticium evolvens. Fr. “ Unfolding Corticium.” Soft, resupinate, submarginate, floccose with pallid down ; hy- menium zoneless, naked, smooth, somewhat rugose, brown, be- coming pale, cracked when dry. — Fr . Epicr.p. 557. Ann. N.H. no. 1029. Schniiz. Sturm, t. 7. Fr. Obs. i. t. 4,/. 5. FI. Dan. t. 840, /I. * On dead cherry. Jan. King’s Cliffe. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Sect. 2. Himantia . 922. Corticium giganteum. Fr. “ Large Corticium.” Broadly effused, swelling when moist, waxy, hyaline, white, cartilaginous or papery when dry, free, milk-white ; circumfer- ence strigoso -radiate ; hymenium even, continuous. — Fr. Epicr . ATJRICULARINI. 321 p. 560. Moug. exs. no. 778. Desm. exs. no. 417. Thelephora gigantea , Eng. FI. v.p. 170. On pine stems. Common. [United States.] Circumference very broad and almost byssoid, with here and there a ten- dency to become strigoso-radiate. 923. Corticium lacteum. Fr. “ Milk-white Corticium.” Effused, membranaceous, milk white beneath, and circumfer- ence loosely fibrillose ; hymenium waxy, darker, cracked when dry. — Fr. Epicr.p. 560. Eabh. F.E. no. 1212. Berk. exs. no. 250. Thel. lactea , Ann. N.H.no. 81. On trunks. Easily known by its smooth, white hymenium, covering a stratum consist- ing of thick fibrillse. — M. J. B. 924. Corticium arachnoideum. Berk. “ Web-like Corticium.” Effused, delicately byssoid, as also the circumference ; hyme- nium white, very thin, patchy. — Berk. Outl.p. 273. Ann. JSf.H. no. 287. t. 9./. 3. In woods. [United States.] [Running over lichens, &c., the mycelium as delicate as a spider’s web. Forming delicate, effused, arachnoid patches of a snowy white; threads by no means forming fibres, but spreading like a delicate web, and often remaining barren, but under favourable circumstances giving rise to a smooth, even hymenium, consisting of elliptic sporophores arranged in little bunches. — M. J. B. 925. Corticium laeve. Fr. “ Even Corticium,” Effused, membranaceous, seceding, villoso-fibrillose beneath ; circumference byssoid, not radiating ; hymenium even, smooth, flesh-coloured and livid. — Fr. Epicr.p. 560. Rabh. F.E. no. 120. Berk. exs. no. 246. Letell. t. 630./. 1. Thel. Icevis , Ann. N.H. no. 80. On decayed wood, sticks, &c. Common. [United States.] This is the commonest of all the species, and assumes a variety of forms. Sometimes it remains closely attached, sometimes the margin is broadly re- flexed. The hymenium varies also in colour, being sometimes pure white. The circumference is occasionally almost naked. — M . J. B. 926. Corticium roseum. P. “ Rosy Corticium.” Effused, adnate, rosy; circumference fringed, whitish ; hyme- nium pruinose, growing pale, at length much cracked and cor- rugated, indurated. — Fr. Epicr.p. 560. El. exs. wo. 1516. The- lephora rosea , Eng . FI. v. p. 168. On poplar, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] p 5 822 AURICTTLARINI. At first forming small scattered patches, which at length become more or less confluent, the cobweb-like fringe gradually obsolete. —M. J. B. 927. Corticium velutinum. Fr. “ Velvety Corticium.” Effused, adnate, flesh-coloured ; circumference with straight, strigose, diverging fibres, of the same colour ; hymenium thick, fleshy, soft, even, densely velvety with bristles. — Fr. Epicr.p. 561. Ann. N.H. no. 288. On logs. [Carolina, U.S.] A very elegant species, of a pale pink, remarkable for its floccose myce- lium, and the delicate frill with which the whole of the hymenium is clothed, giving it a velvety appearance.— M. J. B. 928. Corticium sanguineum. Fr. “ Blood-red Corticium.” Effused, loosely adhering, arachnoid beneath, blood-colour ; circumference loosely fibrillose, flesh-coloured, as well as the even, smooth hymenium. — Fr. Epicr.p. 561. G . miniatum , Berk . exs. no. 251. On dead larch. Eare. 929. Corticium sulfureum. Fr. “ Sulphury Corticium.” Effused, fibrillose or byssoid, bright sulphur-coloured ; hyme- nium (when perfect) thick, waxy, soft, somewhat tawny, rimose when dry. — Fr. Epicr.p. 561. Letell. t. 630. f. 4. Tlielepliora sul- phur ea, Eng. FI. v.p. 169. On fallen sticks. [Mid. and Up. Carolina.] At first consisting of loose, distinct, byssoid fibres, in which state it fre- quently remains without producing a true hymenium, next forming a thin, resupinate, silky, subpulverulent stratum, with a beautiful byssoid margin, at length furnished with a true hymenium, and beset with minute white bristles. The loose fibrillse of a beautiful saffron yellow, the more advanced stage paler, with a yellowish or cinereous tinge in the centre, the byssoid margin nearly white. - Eng. FI. 930. Corticium cceruleum. Fr. “ Blue Corticium.” Eoundish, then effused* adnate, at first tomentose, bright blue; circumference byssoid, of the same colour or whitish; hyme- nium waxy, soft, papillose or setulose, becoming smooth. — Fr. Epicr.p. 562. Letell. t. 630 .f. 2. Sow. t. 350. Cooke , exs. no. 221. Both. Cat. ii. t.d.f.2. Besm. exs. no. 396. Tlielepliora coerulea, Eng. FI. v. 168. Babh. F.E.no . 1005. On rails, &c. Common. [United States.] At first byssoid, but when fully developed forming a close membrane, fol- lowing the undulations of the wood on which it grows, of a beautiful dark satiny blue, the margin whitish.— if. J. B. Said to be phosphorescent. AURICULARINI. 323 931. Corticium atrovirens. Fr. “ Black-green Corticium.” Irregularly effused, black-green, beneath and circumference tomentose, of the same colour; hymenium(?). — Fr.Epicr.p. 562. On sticks in woods. Rare. [Mid. Carolina.] Mr. Berkeley states that, like Fries, he has never found this species with a perfect hymenium. 932. Corticium lactescens. Berk. “Juicy Corticium.” Agglutinate, soft, waxy, undulated, flesh coloured, milky ; margin shortly byssoid, at length cracked, interstices silky ; hymenium flesh coloured, or pale salmon colour. — Berk . Outl.p. 274. Thelephora lactescens, Eng. FL v. p. 169. Ann. N.H.no. 153. Berk, exs.no. 21. On decayed wood of willows, &c. Thin, spreading for a considerable distance over the bark, and following all its inequalities, with a scarcely byssoid border, inner substance variegated with bands of different shades running parallel with the surface. When broken it gives out a milky juice which in taste and smell resembles exactly that of Lactarius quietus. — AT. J. B. Sect. 3. Leiostroma. 933. Corticium calceum. Fr. " Chalky Corticium.” Effused, agglutinate, waxy, quite smooth, white, circumference similar, hymenium even, smooth, cracked when dry. — Fr. Epicr. p. 562. Thelephora calcea , Eng. FI. v.p. 170. Kl . exs. no. 325. On pine wood. Common. [United States.] Unequal in thickness, effused, hard, extending over several inches ; hyme- nium white, discoloured in age, much cracked, papillose, sometimes quite plane and smooth. — Qrev. 934. Corticium lividum. P. “ Livid Corticium.” Effused, agglutinate, waxy, soft, smooth, changing colour, circumference similar, hymenium even, naked, rather viscid, cracked when dry. — Fr. Epicr. p. 563. Berk. Outl.p. 275. Thele- phora livida , Eng. FI. v. p. 171. On wood. Appin. In the same individuals the colour will be livid-blue and purplish-brown. 935. Corticium ochraceum. Fr . “ Ochraceous Corticium.” Effused, agglutinate, waxy, soft, at length smooth, circum- ference white, somewhat radiating, evanescent; hymenium pallid, 324 ATJRICULARINI. then ochraceous, sprinkled with gold-coloured, micaceous atoms, at length naked, tuberculose or papillose. — Fr. Epicr.p . 563. Berk. Outl.p. 275. Thelephora ochracea , Eng. FI. v.p. 170. On pine wood. [Mid. Carolina.] Covering a large surface, being often a foot or more broad, mostly resu- pinate, but sometimes slightly reflexed or ratber detached at the margin, adhering close to the wood; margin entire in old plants, villous when young; hymenium smooth ochraceous, sometimes with a faint purplish tinge, papillae rather large, irregular, and spurious, being produced by the asperities of the wood. — Grev. 938. Corticium quercinum. P. “ Oak Corticium.” Membranaceous, waxy, at first agglutinate, indeterminate, then fixed at the centre; border free and involute, blackish and smooth beneath ; hymenium continuous, flesh-coloured. — Fr. Epicr.p. 563. Nees.f. 253. Gard. Ghron. (1860), p. 481 ,fig. Grev. t. 142. Bull. t. 436, f. 1. Cooke, exs. no. 222. Thelephora quercina , Eng. FI. v.p. 167. Babh. F.E. no. 1211. On oak branches. Common. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Roundish, resupinate, the margin reflexed all round and involute ; pileus smooth, black ; hymenium flesh coloured, generally cracked, more or less tuberculated and wrinkled. — M. J.B. 937. Corticium cinereum. Fr. “ Cinereous Corticium.” Waxy, at length rigid, confluent, agglutinate, lurid ; hymenium cinereous, with a very delicate bloom. — Fr. Epicr. p. 563. Desm. exs. no. 119, 666. Moug. exs. no. 681. Berk. exs. no. 63, 64. Babh. F.E. no. 20. Thelephora cinerea, Eng. FI. v.p. 172. On dead wood, sticks, &c. Common. [United States.] The principal distinctive mark of this species is its dingy colour, which varies from brown to cinereous, or almost black. — M. J. B. 938. Corticium incainatum. Fr. “Bright-coloured Corticium.” Waxy, becoming rigid, confluent, agglutinate, circumference radiating ; hymenium persistently bright coloured (red or orange), covered with a delicate flesh-coloured bloom. — Fr. Epicr.p. 564. FI. Dan. t. 2035,/. 2. Berk. Outl.p. 275. Thelephora incarnata, Eng. FI. v.p. 111. On timber, rails, &c. Common. [United States.] Extremely variable, forming a thin, variously, but brightly coloured stratum. AURICULAEINI . 325 939. Corticium nudum. Fr. “ Naked Corticium.” Waxy, becoming rigid, agglutinate, flesh-coloured, growing pallid ; circumference determinate, smooth ; hymenium covered with a fugacious, whitish bloom. — Fr. Epicr.p. 564. Ann.N.H. no. 715. Thelephora nuda , Eng. FI. v.p. 172. On twigs in woods. Distinguished from the last by its dull colour when dry. On the same branch individuals occur very thin, quite smooth, and effused, while others are thicker, more cinereous, and tuberculate. Spores oblong, slightly curved, ‘0005 in. long, *00015 in. broad.— B. & Br . 940. Coirticium confluens. Fr. “ Confluent Corticium.” Membranaceous, waxy, agglutinate ; circumference radiating ; hymenium naked, hyaline, then brightly coloured, somewhat shining. — Fr. Epicr.p. 564. Ann. N.H. no. 716. On ash twigs, &c. Distinguished from C . nudum more especially by its white, tomentose margin. Spores oblong, *0008 in. long, * 0004 in. broad. The more perfect specimens have a few scattered papillae.— B.&Br. 941. Corticium polygonium. P. “ Patchy Corticium.” Determinate, adnate, soon grumoso-cartilaginous, hard, flesh- coloured ; circumference similar ; hymenium continuous, red, pruinose. — Fr. Epicr.p. 564. Berk. Outl. p. 27 6. On poplar branches. [Mid. Carolina.] Growing in little round detached patches from the ostiola of Sjohwrice. 942. Corticium comedens. Fr. “ Erumpent Corticium.” Effused, exposed by the splitting of the epidermis of the matrix, thin, innate, flesh-coloured, then pallid ; hymenium even, smooth. — Fr. Epicr.p. 565. Fees,/. 255. Berk. Outl. p. 27 6. Berk. exs. no. 22. Thelephora comedens , Eng. FI. Y.p. 171. On branches. Common. Distinguished at once by its peculiar mode of growth. It originates beneath the bark, which peels off and leaves it naked, forming a margin round it.— M. J. B. 943. Corticium Sam'buci. P. “ Elder Corticium.” Effused, subinnate, variously incrusting, white, continuous when growing, when dry cracked or flocculose and collapsing. — 326 AURICULARO!. Fr.Epicr. p . 565. Grev . £. 242. Moug.exs.no. 779. Desm. exs . wo, 220. Thelephora Sambuci , Eng. FI. v.p. 170. On elder stumps. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Apparently papillose, but the papillae arise from the inequalities of the bark or wood on wbicb it grows. 94£. Coarticium aurora. B. $ Br. “ Rosy Corticium,” # V ery thin, effused, agglutinate, rose-coloured, turning pallid ; circumference indeterminate. — Berk. Outl. p.21§. On dead leaves of Carices. Batheaston. Gen . 42. CYPHELLA, Fr. Submembranaceous, cup- shaped, elongated behind and frequently pendulous ; hyme- nium distinctly inferior, com- pletely confluent with the pi- leus. (Fig. 85.) Rig. 85. 945. Cyphella griseo-pallida. Fr. " Pale-grey Cyphella.” Submembranaceus, globose, then campanulate, sessile, pallid, grey, floccose without ; hymenium even, smooth. — Fr. Epicr. p. 567. Ann. N.H. no. 289. On dead Carex paniculata. Spye Park. Whole plant one-third of a line in diameter, at first granuliform, then re- gularly cup-shaped, with a short stem, and attached by a few radiating, white, strigose, short threads, at length dependent, mostly entire, clothed with white villous down. Hymenium even, pale reddish-grey, border slightly undulated. —M.J.B. 946. Cyphella muscigena. Fr. " Whitish Moss Cyphella.” Membranaceous, soft, subsessile, dimidiate, plane, white, silky AUKICULAR1NI. 327 without ; hymenium rugulose. — Fr. Epicr. p. 567. Pers . M.E. t. 7,/. 6. Ann. N.H. no. 717. Price, fA5. On mosses. Hanham, near Bristol. White, with a slight ochraceous tinge. At first flabelliform, fixed by a little down, at length laterally confluent, downy above, often spathulate. Hyme- nium slightly corrugated. — B.&Br. 947. Cyphella galeata. Fr. “ Hooded Cyphella.” Membranaceous, soft, subsessile, cup-shaped, then dimidiate, helmet-shaped, even, whitish ; margin quite entire ; hymenium at length somewhat rufous, rugulose. — Fr. Epicr. p. 569. FI. Dan. t. 2027, f. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 718. Cantharellus Icevis , Eng. FI. y.p. 127. On mosses. Pileus 2 lines or more broad, at first subglobose, then expanded, minutely tomentose, somewhat lobed, very thin, dirty- white. Hymenium rather un- even. — Eng. FI. Differs from C. muscigena in its dingy hue, and bullate pileus. — M . J. B. Spores *00038 X *0003 in. 94:8. Cyphella ochroleuca. B. Br . “ Whitish-ochre Cyphella.” Membranaceous, cup-shaped, villous, and whitish ochre above ; margin at length split; hymenium even, pale ochre, brighter than the pileus. — Berk. Outl. p. 277. Ann. N.H. no. 719. On decayed bramble twigs. Batheaston. One line or more broad, at first cup-shaped, but mostly irregular, then lobed or fissured, villous above, white tinged with yellow. Hymenium even, ochraceous, brighter than the pileus.— B.&Br. 94:9. Cyphella muscicola. Fr. “ Greyish Moss Cyphella.” Membranaceous, subsessile, persistently cup-shaped, cinereous, pallid-whitish, fibrillo so -striate without ; margin slightly downy, repand, torn; hymenium even. — Fr. Epicr. p. 568. FI. Dan. t. 2083,/. 2. XL exs. no. 824. On mosses. Apethorpe. 950. Cyphella lacera. Fr. 1 Torn Cyphella.” Membranaceous, cup-shaped, pendulous, then multifid, torn, vertex extended, stem-shaped, striate above with dense black fibrils ; hymenium rugulose, white. — Fr. Epicr. p. 568. A. S. 1. 1,/. 5. Bisch.f. 3351. On dead twigs, &c. Apethorpe. [Mid.Carolina.] 828 ATJRICULAEINI. 951. Cyphella capula. Fr. “ Stalked Cyphella.” Membranaceous, obliquely campanulate, extended into a curved stem, smooth, whitish ; margin irregular, sinuated ; hymenium even. — Fr. Epicr. p. 568. Holms, ii. t. 22. FI. Dan. 1. 1970,/. 3. Cooke exs.no. 275. On dead stems. [United States.] Looks very much like a Peziza . It is sometimes yellow. 952. Cyphella Croldbachii. Fr . “Villous Cyphella.” Membranaceous, cup-shaped, urceolato-concave, sessile, exter- nally villous, white; hymenium even, pallid. — Fr. Epicr. p. 569. Sturm, t. 63. Ann. N.H. no. 720. On dead leaves of Aira ccespitosa. Spye Park, Wilts. Differs from C. cuticulosa in its villous coat. 953. Cyphella Cuarreyi. Berk. 11 Currey’s Cyphella.” Gregarious, sometimes slightly crowded, pezizseform, white, externally villous. — B. § Br. Ann. N. Hist. no. 935. On twigs of broom, furze, elm, &c. Tliis resembles very closely Peziza albo-violascens , but bas the true fruit of a Cyphella. It is probably the incomplete state of some Peziza. 95£. Cyphella fulva. B.fyRav. “ Tawny Cyphella.” Membranaceous, cup-shaped, the mouth more or less directed downwards, tawny, externally tomentose. Spores ovate, *0006 in. long. — B. fy Rav. Ann. N.H. no. 936. On dead bark. [S. Carolina, U. S.] The American specimens are generally fasciculate. 955. Cyphella cuticulosa. Fr. “ Dickson’s Cyphella.” Membranaceous, white, diaphanous, at first oblong, then cup- shaped, elongated into a stem, smooth externally. — Dicks, iii. t. 9./. 11. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 201. Berk. Outl.p. 278. Eng.Fl.y.p. 215. On dried grass stems. Oct. — Feb. Not found since the time of Dickson. Gen. 43. CLAYAEIEI. 329 SOLENIA, Pers. Cups tubular, cylindrical ; mouth narrowed, inferior, or turned down- wards. (Fig- 86.) This genus has been placed amongst the Discomycetes from neglect of its mode of fruiting; the spores are produced as in Cyphella.-C.E.B. 956. Solenia Candida. Hoffm . “ White Solenia.” Scattered, cylindrical, smooth, whitish. — Hoffm. Dent . FI. t . 8] f. 1. Br. Bath. Trans. 1870, p. 90. Bisch.f. 3391. Kl . exs. no. 922. On rotten beech. Jan. Batheaston. [Low. Carolina.] 957. Solenia ochracea. Hoffm. “ Ochrey Solenia.” Scattered, clavato-cylindrical, subtomentose, ochraceous. — Hoffm . Dent. FI. t. S. f. 2. Sow. t. 369./. 3. Br. Bath. Trans. 1870, p. 90. Bisch.f. 3392. Kl. exs. ii. no. 232. FcJcl. exs.no. 1144. Peziza anomala, Eng.Fl.y.p. 199. Berk. exs. no. 260. Trichia faginea , Johnst. F.B.ii.p. 191. On dead trees. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Spores subglobose, *00025 X ’0003 in. Order V. CL A V ABIE I. Hymenium scarcely distinct from the hymenophore, vertical, amphigenous, reaching to the very apex, even, or at length wrinkled. Never incrusting or coriaceous. — Fr. Epicr.p. 570. Fleshy, frondose, and laciniate Sparassis. Stem not distinct — Fleshy, hymenium dry Clavaria . Gelatinous, then horny ; hymenium viscid . . . Calocera. Stem more or less distinct — Flaccid, stem thread-like, hymenium waxy. . . Typhula. Waxy, then horny, cellular (sometimes fibrous) , Pistillaria. 330 CLAVARIEI Gen. 44. SPARASSIS, Fr. S.M., p. 464. Fleshy, frondose ; branches laciniate. — Fr . Epicr . p. 570. (Fig. 87.) Only one British species, which is rare. Fig. 87. 958. Sparassis carispa. Fr. “ Crisped Sparassis.” Very much branched, fragile, whitish; branches intricate; tips recurved, not zoned, serrate. — Fr. Epicr. p. 570. Berk. In- tell. Obs. no. 25. 1. 1. Lenz.f. 56. Jacq. Misc. ii. 1. 14./. 1. Schceff. 1. 163. Hogg. $ Johnst. t. 24. Ann. N.H. 1866. 1139*. Bail. t.21 Kl. exs.no. 517 . Amongst heath. Sept. South-east Berkshire. Didlington, near Brandon. Esculent. [Up. Carolina.] Pale ruddy yellow, forming a rounded mass attaining a diameter of 18 in. The laminae rounded and leaf-like, though curled and folded, and variously lobed and laciniate, with a crest -like margin, and springing from a well- marked, thick, rooting stem, the greater part of which is sunk in the soil. Hymenium more or less uneven, and rather wrinkled or rough, with wart- like elevations. In decay the margin becomes soft, acquiring first a yellow, then a brownish tinge, and finally the whole forms a loathsome mass.— if. /. B. Gen. 45. CL A V ARIA, L. Fleshy, branched, or simple, without any stem of a distinct substance. Hymenium dry. — Berk . Outl. p. 278. (Fig. 88.) Fie. 88. CLAVARIEI. 331 Sect . 1. Ramaria — branched. A. Leucosporce — white spored. 959. Clavaria botrytis. P. “ Red-tipped Clavaria.” Fragile, trunk thick, fleshy, unequal, very much branched ; branches swollen, unequal, sub-rugose, tips red. — Fr. Epicr. p. 571. FI. Dan. 1 . 1303. Krombh. t. 53./. 1-3. Schceff. t . 176. Ann.N.H. no. 721. Bisch.f. 3390. Badh.i. t. 16./. 2. ii. t. 5./. 3. Price ,/. 7 6. Barla. t. 40./. 1-3. Harz. t. 67. Corda.Ic . v ./. 75. In woods. Bare. Inverary. Bowood. [United States.] 960. Clavaria amethystina. “ Amethyst Clavaria.” Fragile, very much branched, violet ; branches round, even, obtuse. — Fr. Epicr. p. 571. Bull. t. 496. /. 2. Holm. i. p. 110. Nees.f. 151. Schceff. 1. 172. Cooke , B. F 7 . £. 17. /. 2. Eng . FI. v.p. 174. Vent. S. M.f. 113. In mossy places. Bare. Esculent. Very variable in size. Sometimes 3 in. or more high, and very much branched, sometimes a few lines and nearly simple. — M. J. B. 961. Clavaria fastigiata. B.C. “ Fastigiate Clavaria.” Tough, caespitose, yellow, slender-stemmed, very much branched ; branches short, divaricate ; branchlets fastigiate. — Fr. Epicr. p. 571. Bull . t. 358./. JD. F. Holms, i ,p. 90. with fig. FI. Dan. t. 836,/. 2. Pers. Com. t. 4./. 5. Vaill . t. S.f. 4. Rag. Syn . t. 24. f. 5. Clav. pratensis , Eng. FI. v.p. 174. In pastures. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Sometimes the apices are yellow and at others brown. Slightly fragrant. Spores not truly white, pale buff, irregular ; diameter *00027 in. 962. Clavaria muscoides. L. “ Forked Yellow Clavaria.” Bather tough, graceful, yellow, slender-stemmed, twice or thrice forked ; branchlets lunate, acute. — Fr. Epicr. p. 571. FI. Dan. t.llh.f. 3. Holm. i.p. 87. with fig. Schceff. 1. 173. Krombh. t. 53/. 22, 23. Kl. exs. no. 1123. Bull. i(.496./. O. Q . Clav. cor- niculata , Eng. FI. v.p. 174. In pastures. [Mid. Carolina.] Taller than the last, solitary, less branched, dry, very smooth, except the base, which is tomentose, bright yellow, resembling somewhat the yolk of an e gg I branchlets elongated, attenuated, subcompressed, acute, or obtuse. — Eng. FL 332 CLAVAR1EI. 963. Clavaxia coralloides. L . “ White coral Clavaria.” Rather fragile, white, hollow within ; stem slightly thick- ened, repeatedly and irregularly branched ; branchlets unequal, dilated upwards, very numerous, crowded, acute. — Fr. Epicr. p. 572. Holms, i .p. 113. with jig . Sow. t. 278. Batt. t. i. A. Eng. FI. v.p. 173. Krornbh. t . 53. /. 4. Boq. t. i.f. 1. In woods. 964. Clavaria umbxina. Berk. “ Umber Clavaria.” Pale umber, slightly branched ; branches and branchlets cy- lindrical, obtuse, forked. — Berlc. Outl.p. 279. 1. 18./. 4. On mossy lawns. Coed Coch. The habit is that of C.fastigiata. It has not, however, the slightest tinge of yellow. 965. Clavaxia cinexea. Bull. “ Cinereous Clavaria.” Fragile, stuffed, cinereous ; stem thick, short, very much branched; branches and branchlets thickened, irregular, some- what wrinkled, rather obtuse. — Fr. Epicr. p. 572. Bull . t. 354. Grev. t. 64. Letell. t. 708./. 1. Badli. i. 1. 15./. 5. ii. t. 5./. 5. Cooke , B. F. t.Yl.f. 1. Cooke exs. no. 227. C. coralloides j3. cine - rea , Eng. FI. y.p. 173. In woods. Sept. This appears to be a local species, very common in some places, and in others never to be found. 966. Clavaxia cxistata. Uolmsk. “ Crested (Havana.'* Tough, even, stuffed, white or dingy ; branches dilated above, acute, incised, ^ cristate. — Fr. Epicr. p. 572. Holm.p. 92. with jig. FI. Dan. t. 1304. /. 2. Grev . 1 . 190. Krornbh. t. 63. f. 13. JPers. Com. t. 4z.f. 3. var. Eng. FI. y.p. 174. Bisch.f. 3439. Schnitz. Sturm. $.11. In woods. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Distinguished by its dilated, more or less crested, or fimbriated apices.— M. J . B. Spores oval, not truly white, with a suggestion of ochre, *0002 X •00027 in. 967. Clavaxia xugosa. Bull. “ Wrinkled Clavaria.” Tough, simple, or branched, thickened above, wrinkled, white or dingy ; branches few, irregular, obtuse. — Fr. Epicr. p. 572. Bull, t . 448. /. 2. FI. Dan. 1. 1301. Babh. F. E. no. 129. Bolt. CJLAVARIEI. S33 t. 115. Sow. t. 278. Grev.t. 328. Krombh. t. 54. /. 13-17 . Schceff. t. 291. var. Cooke, B.F. t. 17. f. 3. Berk. Outl. t. 18./! 3. Eng. FI. Y.p . 175. Badh. i. t. 15./. 4. ii. t. 5./. 6. Cooke exs. no. 228. Smith. E. M.f. 7. Chron. (1860) />. 217. fig. Berk . exs. no. 149. In woods. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Generally simple, but occasionally furnished with a few short branchlets, which are incrassated, longitudinally rugose, and very obtuse. — M. J. B. 963. Clavaria Kunzei. Fr. “ Kunze’s Clavaria.” Rather fragile, very much branched from the slender caespi- tose base, white ; branches elongated, crowded, repeatedly forked, sub-fastigiate, even, equal ; axils compressed. — Fr. Epicr.p. 573. Bull. t. 358./. 1. C. In woods. Rare. Sherwood Forest. B. Ochrosporce — spores yellowish or coloured. 969. Clavaria aurea. Seller ff. “ Golden Clavaria.” Trunk thick, elastic, pallid, divided into stout branches ; branches straight, dichotomous, round, obtuse, numerous, some- what toothed, yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 574. Schceff. t. 287 . Bull, t. 222. Ann. N.H. no. 722. Vent. S.M.f. 112. Krombh. t. 53./. 8. In woods. Rare. Bristol. [United States.] 970. Clavaria formosa. Pers. “ Beautiful Clavaria.” Trunk thick, elastic, whitish, much branched ; branches elongated, orange-red ; branchlets obtuse, yellowish. — B. Br. Ann. N. H. (1865) no. 1031. Pers. Ic. Desc. t. 3./. 6. Krombh. t . 53./. 37. t. 54./. 21, 22. Holms, i. no. 13. with fig . Batsch. f. 48. Harz. t. 7 ./. 6. Barla. t. 40./. 4. Cooke exs. no. 230. In woods, &c. Bathford Down. [United States.] Spores buff, broadly fusiform, granulated, fleshy, brittle, cuts like Fistu- lina. Spores very large and handsome, elongated, oval, covered with pa- pillae, *0006 X '0003 in. 971. Clavaria abietina. Schum . “ Fir-wood Clavaria.” Very much branched, ochraceous, trunk somewhat thickened, clothed with white down ; branches straight, crowded, longi- tudinally wrinkled when dry ; branchlets straight, — Fr . Epicr. 334 CLAVARIE1'. p. 574. Grev. t. 117. FI. Ban. t. 2030. /. 2. Eng. FI. v. p. 174. Gard. Chron. (1860) p. 871 .Jig. In fir woods. Common. [Mid. Carolina..] Easily known by its changing to green when bruised. Spores ochraceous. — Eng. FI. Spores oval, greenish-yellow, *00023 X *00015 in. (Fig. 88.) 972. Clavaria flaccid a. Fr. “ Flaccid Clavaria. ” Slender, very much branched, flaccid, ochraceous; trunk thin, smooth ; branches crowded, unequal, converging, acute. — Fr. Epicr. p. 574. Kl. exs. no. 122. Ann. N.H. no. 154. Amongst moss in woods. King’s Cliffe. Similar to C. abietina , but more delicate. 973. Clavaria crocea. P, “ Saffron-yellow Clavaria.” Minute, slender, saffron-yellow; trunk naked, pallid; branches crowded, somewhat forked, as well as the similar branchlets. — Fr. Epicr. p. 575. Pers. Ic. Desc. 1. 11./. 6. Ann. N.H. no. 367. On the ground. Rare. 974. Clavaria grisea. P. “ Grey Clavaria.” Firm ; trunk thick, whitish ; branches attenuated, somewhat wrinkled, obtuse, dingy-cinereous ; branchlets unequal, obtuse, of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 575. Berk. exs. no. 150. Krombli . t. 53./. 9-10. Eng. FI. Y.p. 173. Barla. t. 41./. 1-2, In woods. Rare. Appin. [Mid. Carolina.] Known by its brownish spores. 975. Clavaria stricta. P. “ Straight Clavaria.” Very much branched, pallid, brownish when bruised ; stem somewhat thickened , branches and branchlets straight, even, adpressed, acute. — Fr. Epicr. J9. 575. Pers. Com. £. 4./. 1. FI. Dan. 1. 1302./ 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 174. Kl.exs.no. 1124. In gardens. Rare. Kew. [United States.] Stem rather slender, ascending, furnished at the base with rooting fibrillse, firm, above 3 lines thick. Branches divided in an arcuate manner, then converging, opaque, generally pale yellow, brownish when bruised. Spores cinnamon. — Fries . Fragrant. Spores creamy-yellow, *00015X*00024in. 976. Clavaria crispula. Fr. 11 Flexuous Clavaria.” Very much branched, tan-coloured, then ochraceous; trunk CLAVARIEI. 335 slender, villous, rooting ; branches flexuose, multifid ; branchlets of the same colour, divaricating. — Fr. Epicr. p . 576. Bull . t. 358. / 1. a, b. Elir. Nat . Cur . x. *. 14. Ann. TV. H . no. 723. F/. Dan . *.2272./. 1. Bisch.f. 3472. At the base of trees. Bare. Woodnewton. Spores creamy -yellow, *00012 X *00021 in. 2. Syncoryne — simple, fasciculate at the base, csespitose. 977. Clavaria purpurea. AwZZ. “ Purple Clavaria.” Caespitose, purple; clubs elongated, hollow, then compressed, simple, acute. — Fr. Epicr. p. 57$. FI. Dan. t. 837. /. 2. Ann. A. A. no. 368. Berk . Outl.p. 281. (7. rw/a, Ann. A.A. no. 155. Amongst grass in pastures. Usually of a dingy purple. 978. Clavaria rosea. Fr. “ Kosy Clavaria.” Subfasciculate, fragile, roseate ; clubs stuffed ; tips at length yellowish, attenuated below, whitish. — Fr. Epicr . p. 577. Sv. Bot. t. 558. Fr. Obs. t. 5. f. 2. Krombh . t. 53./. 21. Eng. FI. v. p. 175. In pastures, and amongst moss. Bare. 979. Clavaria fusiformis. Sow. “ Spindle-shaped Clavaria.” Csespitoso- connate, rather firm, yellow, soon hollow ; clubs somewhat fusiform, sim- ple, and toothed, even; base attenuated, of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr. p.577. Sow. t. 224. Bolt. 1. 110. Eng. FI. v. p. 175. (Fig. 89/ In woods. Common. [United States.] Yellow, smooth, about 3 in. high, many individuals collected into a fasciculate tuft, nearly erect, rather brittle, attenuated at either end; apex darker. — Fries* (Fig. 89.) 336 CLAVARIEI. 980. Clavazia cezanoides. Pers. “ Brown-tipped ClaYaria. ,, Fasciculate, unequal, slightly divided above, yellow ; apex brown. — Pers. Syn. p. 594. Sow. t. 235. Eng. FI. y.p. 176. In woods. Nov. Bagley Wood. Oxon. Resembles in form some states of C. rugosa , but it appears to be very distinct. — Eng. FI. 981. Clavazia inasqualis. Mull. “ Unequal Clavaria.” Gregarious, subfasciculate, fragile, stuffed, yellow ; clubs various, simple, or forked, contiguous below and of the same colour. — Fr. Epicr. p. 577. FI. Dan. t. 873. (836 ?)/. 1. Bull . t. 264. Sow. t. 253. lower figs. Huss. i. 1. 18. Eng. FI. y.p. 176. In woods amongst grass. Common. [United States.] Somewhat tufted or gregarious, 1-3 in. high, of various sizes and forms, fragile, compressed, angular or channelled, often bifid, and variously cut and jagged at the apex, more or less ventricose in the centre, smooth, and mostly yellow, though occasionally whitish. — Grev. Spores white, *00047 X *00021 in. 982. Clavazia azgillacea. Fr. “ Clay-coloured Clavaria. ” Fasciculate, fragile, pallid clay colour ; clubs simple, various ; stem yellow, shining. — Fr. Epicr. p.577. Fr. Obs. t. 5./. 3. Schm. 1. 15. FI. Dan. 1. 1852. fi 2. 1. 1966./. 2. Pers. Com. 1. 1. f. 4. Kl. exs. no. 1218. Ann. N. H. no. 370. Harz. t. 7. f. a. C. fiavipes , Ann. N. H. no. 83. In heathy ground. [Mid. Carolina.] There is a variety with a white stem. The plant, moreover, is either di- lated or cylindrical. The stem in this species is more distinct from the pileus than is consistent with the generic character.— M . J. B. 983. Clavazia tenuipes. B. Br. “ Slender stemmed Clavaria. * (Fig. 90.) Small, gregarious, club inflated, wrinkled, pallid clay-colour; stem slender, flexuose, somewhat distinct from the club. — B. Br. Ann. N. H. no. 369. Ser. ii. vol. ii. t. 9./. 2. On bare, heathy ground. Nov. Sher- wood Forest. (Fig- 90 . ) Not exceeding an inch in height. Head swollen, obovate, rugose, pale clay- coloured, about ^ in. high, rarely confluent with the stem, which is quite smooth, flexuous, and very slender. — M. J. B. CLAVAE1EI. 337 984. Clavazia vezmiculata. Scop. “ White-tufted Clavaria.” Caespitose, fragile, white ; clubs stuffed, simple, cylindrical, subulate.- — Fr. Epicr. p. 577. FI. Dan. 1. 1966./. 1. 1. 775. /. 2. Mich. t. 87. /. 12. Cooke , £. i^ 7 . 1. 11. f. 4. Eng. Fl.p. 176. itr./. 4. On lawns and short pastures. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] “ Looks like a little bundle of candles.” 985. Clavazia fzagilis. Holmsh “ Brittle Clavaria.” Fasciculate, very fragile; clubs hollow, rather obtuse, va- riable, attenuated below and white. — Fr. Epicr. p.578. Holms, i.p.l . with fig. Dull. 1. 163. f. 1. Sow. t. 90. 232. Mich. t. 87. f. h. 10. 13. Vaill. t. l.f. 5. FI. Dan. t. 115. f. 2. 1. 1783. Bolt. till. Eng. FI. v. p. 176. Darla, t. 41. /. 14-16. Cooke exs. no. 309. In meadows, gardens, &c. [United States.] Extremely brittle, occasionally yellow. Gregarious, subcsespitose , 1-3 in. high, sometimes forked, stuffed when young, round, straight, at length hollow, compressed, twisted, often rugose, attenuated, paler below, without a distinct stem ; apex at length yellowish. — Fries. 986. Clavazia fumosa. P. “ Smoky Clavaria.” Fasciculate, fistulose, fragile, smoky-coloured; clubs even, straight, subcompressed. — Pers. Comm. p. 76. Fr. Epicr. p. 578. Krombh. t. 53, f. 18. Dr. Bath. Trans. 1860, p. 91. Seem. Journ. Dot. vii. p. 252. In grassy places. Sept. Somerset, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] Sect. 3. Holocoryne — simple, distinct at the base. 987. Clavazia pistillazis. L. “ Large-clubbed Clavaria.” Simple, large, stuffed, fleshy, everywhere smooth, obovate- clavate, obtuse, yellow, then rufous. — Fr. Epicr. p. 578. Huss . i. t. 62. Dull. t. 244. Sow. t. 277. FI. Dan. 1 . 1255. Holms. p. 12, with fig. Sv. Dot. t. 564, f. 1-2. Krombh. t. 54, f. 1-11. Eng. FI. r.p. 175. Ann. N.H. no. 82. Corda. Sturm, t. 58. Vent. S.M. f. 114,115. Vent. 1. 11, f. 1, 3. FI. Doruss. t. 395 ? Disch.f. 3383. In woods. Kent. King’s Cliffe. [Mid. Carolina.] Plant 6-12 in. high, varying somewhat in form, dull orange, dingy brown in decay. — M. J. B. Spores white, '00043 X *00023 in. Q 338 CLAVAEJEI, 988. Clavaxia contorta. fr, “Contorted Clavaria.” Simple, bursting through the hark, stuffed, between spongy and fleshy, somewhat twisted, rugose, obtuse, pruinose, watery yellow. — Fr. Epicr.p. 579. Holms, p. 29, with Jig. FI. Dan. t. 1852,/. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 291. FI. exs. no. 1125. On fallen branches. Bare. [Up. Carolina.] The erumpent habit easily distinguishes this curious species.— M. J.B . 989. Clavaxia Axdenia. Sow. “ Lady Arden’s Clavaria.” Simple, very long, thickened upwards, hollow, apex obtuse and excavated, ferruginous, then bright brown, base tomen- tose, not rooting. — Fr. Epicr.p. 579. Sow. t. 215. Eng. FI. v. p. 175. On fallen branches. Bare. Above a span high, flexuous below, gradually incrassated upwards, smooth, opaque, apex acute in the young plant, then obtuse and bursting.— Fries. Sometimes rooting amongst leaves, and attaining a height of 9 in. ; hollow ; the whole plant being a thin, inflated skin. Spores very large, white, oval, with an apiculus at one end, *0006 X ’00035 in. 990. Clavaxia juncea. Fr. “ Thread-like Clavaria.” Gregarious, slender, filiform, flaccid, nearly equal, fistulose, acute, pallid, then reddish-brown, base creeping and fibrillose. — Fr. Epicr.p. 579. Desm. exs. no. 310. FI. Dan. t. 1257. Mich, t. 87,/. 7. Bvll. t. 463,/ H. Ann. N.H. no. 52. Amongst leaves in woods. 991. Clavaxia acuta. Sow. “ Acute Clavaria.” Quite simple, straight, white, clubs distinct, acuminate, pruinose ; stem cylindrical, equal. — Fr. Epicr. p. 580. Sow. t. 333. Eng. FI. Y.p. 111. On soil in garden pots. [Low. Carolina.] Solitary. Very variable in size, from a few lines to an inch or more in length. 992. Clavaxia uncialis. Grev. “ Greville’s Clavaria.” Quite simple, stuffed, tough, straight, obtuse, smooth, con- tiguous below, attenuated. — Fr. Epicr.p. 580. Grev. t. 98. Eng. FI. Y.p. 111. Berk. exs. no. 297. On dead stems of Umbelliferce. CLAVARIEI. 339 Gen . 46. CALOCERA, Fr. Gelatinous ; sub-cartilaginous when moist, horny when dry ; hy- menium viscid. {Fig. 91.) * Branched. 993. Calocera viscosa. Fr . “ Clammy Calocera.” Branched, tough, rooting, even, linear, egg-yellow, branches straight, repeatedly dichotomous. — Fr.Epicr.p. 581. Pers. Com . t. 1,/. 5. Schceff. t. 174. Eng . FI. v.p . 177. Bail. t. 27. El. exs. no. 131. Cor da. Icon. v. /. 74. On stumps in fir woods. [Mid. Carolina.] Generally csespitose, 1 in. or more high, root long, pale, branches round or compressed, equal, but little divided, known by its beautiful golden hue. ~ Fries. Spores white. (Fig. 91 J ** Caespitose. 994. Calocera tuberosa. Fr. “ Tuberous Calocera.” Caespitose, simple, tough, even, linear, yellowish; base tuberous and rooting. — Fr. Epicr.p. 581. Sow. £.199. Eng. FI. v. p. 177 . On stumps. Not found since the time of Sowerby. Root a thick, strigose, subglobose tuber, giving out two or three simple linear subacute receptacles from the same base. — M. J. B. 995. Calocera cornea. Fr. “ Horny Calocera.” Caespitose, rooting, even, viscid, orange-yellow ; clubs short, subulate, connate at the base. — Fr. Epicr. p. 581. Desm.exs.no . 73. Batsch.f. 161. FI. Dan. 1. 1305,/. 2. Sow. t. 40. Bull. t. 463. /. 4. Eng. FI. Y.p. 178. Bisch.f. 3385. On stumps, especially oak. Common. [United States.] Q 2 340 CLAVAKIEI. Springing from cracks ; when fresh soft, when dry hard and horny. — M. J. B. Simple, solitary. 996. Calocera stricta. Fr. “ Straight Calocer a.” Simple, solitary, elongated ; base blunt, linear, yellow, even when dry. — Fr. Epicr. p. 581. B. Br . Ann. N. H . (1865), no. 1032. Scop. Ann. iv. 1. 1,/. 50. Kl. exs. no. 1121. On asb. Oct. Belvoir Castle. Differs from C. cornea in its scattered mode of growth and slender habit. Occasionally two individuals grow from the same spot, but they are never broadly confluent at the base, as in the common species. — M. J . B. 997. Calocera striata. Fr. ‘ 1 Striate Calocera.” Simple, solitary, tough, lanceolate, acute, yellow, striate when dry.— Fr. Epicr. p. 582. Hoffm. FI. 9. t. 7, f. 1. B. Br. Ann. N. H. (1866), no. 1140. Bisch.f. 3386. On a prostrate trunk. Mar. Batheaston. Very rare everywhere. Spores *0003 X *00025 in. 998. Calocera glossoides. Fr. “ Soft Calocera.” Simple, solitary, somewhat tremellose, yellow ; clubs incras- sated, obtuse, compressed ; stem round. — Fr. Epicr. p. 582. Ann. N.H. no. 371. On decayed oak stumps. Rare. Leigh Wood, Bristol. Composed of erect forked flocci. Spores oblong, oblique, somewhat in- curved, attached by a short pedicle.— A Br. TYPHULA, Fr. Stem filiform, flaccid ; club cylindrical, perfectly distinct ; hymenium thin, waxy. {Fig. 92.) Gen. 47. Fig. 92. CLAVARIEI. 341 * With tubercle at the base. 999. Typhula erythropus. Fr. “ Red-stemmed Typhula.” Simple. Club cylindrical, smooth, white ; stem nearly straight, dark red, inclining to black. — Fr. Epicr. p. 585. FI. Dan. t. 2030,/. 1. Desm. exs.no. 263. Bolt. 1 . 112. Grev . t. 43. Berk . exs. no. 24. Eng. FI. v.p. 181. Schnitz. Sturm. 1. 12. Bail. t. 27. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Common. Often growing on some species of Sclerotium ; 3 lines 1 in. high ; stem often flexuous. — M. J . B. ( Fig , 92 .) 1000. Typhula gyrans. Fr. “ Nodding Typhula.” Simple, white. Club cylindrical, smooth ; stem pubescent, pellucid. — Fr. S.M. 494. Epicr. p. 585. Fckl. exs. no. 1290. Batsch.f 164. Br.Bath. Trans. 1870,^. 92. On straw, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] 1001. Typhula i^camata. Fr. “ Flesh-coloured Typhula.” Simple. Club cylindrical, elongated, smooth, flesh-coloured, attenuated into the subpilose continuous stem. — Fr. Epicr. p. 585. Willd. Ber. t. 7,f. 17. Kl. exs. no. 1313. Clavaria pliacorrhiza , Grev. S.G.Fl. t. 93. On dead herbaceous plants. 1002. Typhula phaco??hiza. Fr. “ Eulb-rooted Typhula.” Simple ; club cylindrical, smooth, pallid; stem flexuose, smooth, brownish. — Fr. Epicr. p. 585. Berk. exs. no. 23. Sow. t. 233. Eng. FI. v.p. 180 ( partly J. On dead herbaceous plants, &c. Attached to Sclerotium complanatum and S. scutellatum. Often hairy at the base, drawn out and distorted from peculiar circumstances of situation. 1003. Typhula muscicola. Fr. “ Moss Typhula.” Simple, subfiliform, smooth, slightly incrassated upwards, white ; stem not distinct. — Fr. Epicr. p. 585. Pers. Obs. ii. t . 3. /2. Nees.f. 154. Bisch.f. 3388. On the larger mosses. Perhaps more properly a Pistillaria . Sometimes not a line high. 342 CLAVARIEI. ** Without tubercle at the base. 1004. Typhula Grevillei. Fr . “ Greville’s Typhula.” Simple, white, club incrassated, obtuse ; stem capillary, pilose. — Fr.Epicr.p. 585. Grev. t. 49. Bisch.f. 3382. Sturm, iii. 3. t. 25. T. gyrans , Berk. exs. no. 66, 151. Eng . F7. v.£>. 180. On dead leaves. [Low. Carolina.] 1005. Typhula filiformis. Fr . “ Thread-like Typhula.” Club incrassated, whitish ; stem decumbent, somewhat branched, bright brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 586. Bull. t. 448,/. 1. Sow. t. 387, f. 4. Eng. FI. v.p. 181. Amongst dead leaves. Decumbent, creeping, free, subflexuous brown, cinereous brown, or brick- red. — Eng. FI. 1006. Typhula gracilis. B.tyDesm. “ Slender Typhula.” Club simple or forked, pallid, acute; stem short, distinct. — Berk. Outl.p. 285. Ann. N.H. no. 84, t. 8,f. 1. On putrid leaves. Head rough with spores and little prominent bristles. Very near to Isaria. Pallid, one line or more high, simple or forked, rugged with the fruit- bearing cells, which are frosted with the spores, and interspersed sometimes with short bristles, of which some of the upper ones support a small spore ; tips often acuminate, and then nearly barren. Stem short, smooth, or bristly. Spores elliptic, having a sparkling appearance under a lens. — M.J.B. Gen . 48. PISTILL ARI A, Fr. Club shaped, waxy, then horny. Structure cellular. {Fig . 93.) Fig. 93. CLAVARIEI. 343 1007. Pistillaria micans. Fr. “ Glistening Pistillaria. ” Obovate, obtuse, rose coloured ; stem short, attenuated, whitish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 587. Kl. exs. no. 342. Hoffm. Germ. t. 7,/. 2. Ehr. Ber. t. 3,/. 2. Eng. FI. v. p. 181. Bisch.f. 3438. On dead thistles. Bare. Cambridge. [Mid. Carolina.] Very minute, not a line high. 1008. Pistillaria culmigena. Mont. “ Grass-stem Pistillaria.” Ovato-clavate, obtuse, pellucid, hyaline ; stem distinct, very- short. — Fr. Epicr.p. 587. Mont. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1836, no. 75, t. 12,/. 2. Ann. N.H. no. 85. Berk. exs. no. 152. On stalks of grass. Jan. 1009. Pistillaria quisquilaris. Fr “ Fern-stem Pistillaria.” Incrassated above, subcompressed, whitish, soft when recent, attenuated at the base, substipitate. — Fr. Epicr.p. 586. Sow. t. 334,/. 1. Kl. exs.no. 1312. Berk. exs. no. 25. Eng . FI. v. p. 182. On fern stems. Common. Gregarious, 3-4 lines high, apex incrassated, sometimes flattened or bifid, quite even and smooth. -Fries. Often attached to a S clerotium. {Fig. 93.) 1010. Pistillaria puberula. Berk. “ Fibrous Pistillaria.” Obovate, ventricose, white ; stem short, distinct, pellucid, to- mentose. — Berk. Outl. p. 286. Sow. t. 334,/. 2. P. ovata , Fr. Epicr.p. 587. Eng . FI. v.p. 181. On dead Pteris. Bare. King’s Cliffe. Very minute, scarcely one line high ; stem attenuated upwards, composed of many confluent fibres ; receptacle obovate, but not broadly so .—M.J.B. 1011. Pistillaria pusilla. Fr. “ Little Pistillaria.” Small, smooth, even, linear, white ; stem scarcely distinct. — Fr. Epicr.p. 587. Pers. Com. t. 3,/. 6. Eng. FI. v. p. 182. On Equisetum , &c. W eymouth. Slightly thickened upwards, not 1 line high, nodding when dry.— M. J. B. 1012. Pistillaria fur cata. Smith. “ Forked Pistillaria. ” Clubs waxy, then tough, white or yellowish, compressed, broad at the apex, attenuated downwards, generally furcate and caespi- tose. — W. G. Smith , in litt. In greenhouses. Clubs 1J in. high. 344 TREMELLINI. Order VI. TREMELLINI. Whole plant gelatinous, with the exception occasionally of the nucleus. Sporophores large, simple or divided. Spicules elon- gated into threads. — Berlc. Outl.p. 286. Immarginate. Hymenium universal Tremella . Margined. Hymenium superior Exidia , Cup-shaped. Hymenium wrinkled Hirneola. Nucleus solid. Hymenium universal Ncematelia. Homogeneous. Sporophores clavate, bifurcate . . . Dacrymyces. Inflated. Hymenium smooth, then collapsed .... Apyrenium . Effused, thin, maculseform Hymenula . Patellseform. Hymenium discoid . Ditiola. TREMELLA, Fr. Gelatinous, tremulous, im- marginate. Hymenium not papillate, surrounding the whole of the fungus. — BerJc. Outl.p. 286. {Fig. 94.) Sect . 1. Mesenteriformes. 1013. Tremella fimbriata. Pers. “Fringed Tremella.” Caespitose, erect, corrugated, blackish-olive ; lobes flaccid ; margin incised, undulato-fimbriate. — Fr. Epicr. p. 588. Bull. t. 272. Hofftn. t. 7,/. 1. Eng . FI. v.p. 215. Berk. Outl.p. 286. On dead branches. Rare. Of a soft, gelatinous consistence, almost watery within. 1014. Tremella frond os a. Fr. “ Large pale Tremella.” Caespitose ; very large, even, pallid-yellow ; base plicate ; lobes gyroso-undulate. — Fr. Epicr. p. 588. Bull, £.499,/. T. Ann . N.H. no. 810. Berk. Outl.p. 287. At the base of living trees. Rare. Wothorpe. When fresh of a peculiar pale pinkish-yellow, often attaining a very large size. Gen. 49. Fig. 94. TREMELLINI. 345 1015. Tremella foliacea. P. “ Foliaceous Tremella.” Casspitose, flaccid, even, diaphanous, undulated, flesh coloured cinnamon; base plicate ; spores subelliptic. — Bull. t. 406,/. A. a. Berk. Outl.p. 287. T./erruginea, Eng. Bot. 2nd Ed. t. 1452. Eng. FI. v. p. 215. Ann. N.H. no. 13. On old stumps. [United States.] Yery variable in colour, sometimes deep red-brown and sometimes violet. “ Pliable and tender, becoming thin, shrivelled and shapeless when dry, re- viving, though imperfectly, on the re-application of moisture ; segments obtuse, lobed, and waved ; surface finely pubescent or granulated ; the gran- ulations pale, giving the plant a velvet-like gloss, with brown, irregular specks, perhaps of a fructification among them.” — Eng. Bot. 1016. Tremella lutescens. Fr . “ Yellowish Tremella.” Caespitose, tremulous, undulato-gyrose, white, then yellowish; lobes crowded, entire. — Fr. Epicr.p. 588. Pers. Ic. Desc. i. 8,/. 9. Bull. t. 406, C.D. t. 499,/. U.V. Berk. Outl.p. 287. Price./. 44. Bisch.f. 3403. Bail. t. 22. On old stumps. [United States.] Sect. 2. Cerebrince. 1017. Tremella mesenterica. Betz. “ Orange Tremella.” Expanded, ascending, somewhat tough, plicato-undulate, smooth, orange. — Fr. Epicr.p. 588. Jacq. Misc. i. t. 13. Schceff. I. 168. Eng. Bot. 2nd Ed. £.709. Bull. 1 . 17 4. Huss.\.t.21 . Ann. Sc. Nat. (1853), xix. 1. 11. Eng. FI. y.p. 216. Berk. Outl.p. 287. Gard. Chron. (1860), p. 953, fig. Price,/. 26. Bot. Zeit. 185$, t. II , /. 22 . On sticks in woods, &c. Common. [United States.] Varying considerably in size and form, sometimes quite flat and thin, but generally ascending and strongly lobed and plicate ; when full grown con- sisting of branched, easily discernible filaments, surrounded by a dense stratum of spores. ( Fig. 940 1013. Tremella vesicaria. Bull. “ Bladdery Tremella.” Firm, bladdery, much waved and wrinkled, erect, pallid, very viscid within ; sporophores globose; spores broad, oblong. — Bull. t. 427,/. 3. Berk. Outl.p. 287. Eng. Bot. Ed. ii. t. 2451. Ann. N.H. no. 724. On the ground. Eare. [Pennsylvania.] Spores *0004 X *00025 in. Q ;> 346 TREMELLINI, 1019. Tremella moriformis. Berk, “ Mulberry Tremella.” Conglobated, sinuated, mulberry-black, opaque, firm. — Berk. Outl.p. 287. Eng. Bot. Ed. ii. t. 2451. Price, f. 21 ? Dacrymyces moriformis. Fr. Epicr.p. ^2. Eng. FI. Y.p. 219. On tbe ground. Rare. [Low. Carolina.] Sessile in roundish or oblong tumid, sinuous masses of various size, not unlike mulberries in appearance, except being coal black. Internally of a deep rich purple, substance fleshy, attached by strong central roots. When dried between paper a violet stain is communicated to whatever the plant touches.— Smith. 1020. Tremella albida. Bud. “ Whitish Tremella.” Expanded, tougb, undulated, even, or somewhat gyrose, pruinose, wbitisb, at length brownish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 589. Eng. Bot. t. 2117. Bull. t. 386, f. A. Eng. FI. Y.p. 216. Berk. Outl.p. 287. Price, f. 50. Bon. t. 12, f. 246. On dead branches. Common. [United States.] It bursts through cracks in the bark, and then spreads itself in horizontal or clustered, rounded obtuse, scalloped masses, white, semi-pellucid, ex- tremely gelatinous, and tender when young, afterwards turning yellowish. — Smith. 1021. Tremella intumescens. Sow . “ Contorted Tremella.” Subcsespi'tose, rounded or conglomerate, soft, brown, when dry blackish -brown, obsoletely punctuate, somewhat tortuous and lobed. — Fr. Epicr.p. 589. Berk. Outl.p. 288. Eng. Bot. Ed. ii. 1. 1870. Eng. FI. Y.p. 217. On trunks of fallen trees. Apethorpe. [United States.] In perfection in very wet weather only, when it forms numerous soft and pulpy clusters, twisted and tumid, like the intestines of some animal, of a darkish dull brown, but with a shining surface, obscurely dotted j inside paler and almost white, except that when cut longitudinally brown vertical streaks are discernible near the surface. — Smith. 1022. Tremella indecorata. Somm . “ Dingy Tremella.” Sessile, rounded, moist, convex, plicate, opaque, black-brown, dingy. — Fr. Epicr.p. 589. Kl . exs. no. 822. Ann. N.H. no. 7 25, 810*. Berk. Outl.p. 283. On willows. Mossburnford. Dark pitchy brown when dry, dirty cinereous when swollen with moisture. — M . J. B. TREMELLIN1. 347 Sect . 3. Coryne — erect, sub-clavate, subviscid. 1023. Txemella clavata. P. u Clavate Tremella.” Solitary, simple, incrassated, reddish flesh-colour, blackish at the base. — Fr . Epicr.p. 589. Pers. Ic. Piet. 1. 10,/. 1. Eng. FL v.p. 217. Berk. Outl. p.288. On stumps. Fare. Appin, About 1 in. high, 2 lines broad, blackisb below, and slightly twisted. — M . J. B. Txemella saxcoides. Sm. See Bulgaria sarcoides , of which it is a condition. 1024;. Txemella tubexculaxia. Berk. “ Horny Tremella.” Erumpent ; stem short, cylindrical, head pileate, dirty white, nearly black when dry. — Berk. Outl. p. 288. Tubercularia albida , Eng. FI. v.p. 354. Coryne turbinata,Ann . N.H . no. 165. On fallen branches. Oct. Left upon the wood when the bark falls off, when dry it has a peculiar, semi-transparent, horny appearance. Sect. 4. Phyllopta — cartilaginous, depressed, or effused. 1025. Txemella toxta. Willd. “ Twisted Tremella.” Minute, round, depressed, gyroso-tuberculate, yellow or orange. — Berk. Outl.p. 288. Ann. N.H. no. 372. On decorticated oak. Common. Two or three lines across. 1026. Txemella vexsicolox. B. $ Br. “ Parasitic Tremella.” Minute, orbicular, orange, at length brown. — Ann. Nat. Hist, ser. ii. vol. xiii.y>. 406, no. 726. Berk. Outl.p. 288. On Corticium nudum. Feb. Forming minute orange, tear-like, convex spots, on the hymenium of the Corticium , paler when young, at length assuming a rufous tinge. In young plants the delicate hyaline threads are terminated by four globules, which ultimately branch, forming moniliform threads. — B. & Br. 1027. Txemella viscosa. P. “ Viscid Tremella.” Effused, resupinate, hyaline, at first white, undulated. — Pers. Obs. ii .p. 18. Berk . Outl.p. 288. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. ii. vol. xiii. 4 348 TREMELLINL 1. 15,/. 4. Corticium viscosum , Fr. Thelephora viscosa , Eng • .F7. y. p.171. On dead wood. We find globose sporophores, bearing three or four elongated sterigmata, and oblong, obliquely attached spores, which sometimes contain one or two nuclei.— B. & Br. 1028. Tremella epigasa. B. ^ Br. “ Ground Tremella.” Effused, gelatinous, gyroso-plicate, white. — Ann. Nat. Hist, ser. ii. vol. 2, p.266, no. 373. t. 9,/. 3. Berk. Outl. p. 289. On the ground. Bare. Leigh wood, Bristol. Spreading over the naked soil, on which it forms a thin white stratum, the surface of which is gyroso-plicate, and dusted with the white spores ; the inner substance is very soft and gelatinous. — M. J. B. Gen. 50. EXSBIA, Fr. Eig. 95. Tremulous, margined, fertile above and granular, barivn below. — Berk. Outl.p . 289. ( Fig . 95/ 1029. Exitiia xecisa. Fr. “ Truncate Exidia.” Very soft, truncate, plane, costate, suLrepand, amber-brown, punctato- scabrous beneath ; stem very short, excentric, oblique. — Fr. Epicr.p. 590. Sturm. 1 . 13. Eng. Bot. Ed. ii. t. 1819. Eng. FI. y. p. 218. Berk. Outl.p. 289. Bisch.f. 3399. Kl.exs . no. 330. On dead branches of willows. Common. [Low. Carolina.] About 1 in. broad ; spores oblong, obtuse, curved. (Fig. 9Q.J Fig. 96. TREMELLINI, 349 1030. Exidia glandulosa. Fr. “ Witches’ Butter Exidia.” Effused, flattened, thick, undulated, blackish, spiculose with conical papillae, cinereous beneath, and somewhat tomentose.' — Fr, Epicr. p. 591. Bull. t. 420,/. 1. FI. Dan. t. 884. Eng. Bot. Ed. ii. t. 2448, 2452. Huss. i. £.42. Eng. FI. Y.p. 218. Berk.Outl . jp.289. On dead branches of oak. Common. [United States.] Varying in colour from whitish to brown, and deep cinereous, at length black- generally somewhat turbinate, slightly plicate below, much wrinkled above, sometimes thin ; substance tender within, firmer towards the hyme- nium, composed of gelatine interlaced with very slender branched filaments, covered with oblong, obtuse, curved spores. Beneath rough like crape, with minute parallel papillae.— M. J.B . ( Fig. 950 1031. Exidia sacchaxina. Fr. u Larch Exidia.” Tuberculose, gyroso-undulate, thick, tawny-cinnamon, papillae rare and scattered. — Fr. Epicr.p. 591. Ann.N.H. no. 811. Berk. Outl.p . 289. Kl . exs. no. 1611. On larch. Rare. Mossburnford. Gen. 51. HXRNEOLA, Fr. Gelatinous, cup-shaped, horny when dry ; hymenium often more or less wrinkled ; interstices even, without papillae ; outer surface velvety. — Berk. Outl.p. 289. {Fig. 97.) Fig. 97. 1032. Himeola Auricula- Judae. Berk. “ Jew’s* ear Hirneola.” Thin, concave, flexuose, blackish, venoso-plicate everywhere, tomentose beneath, cinereous-olive. — Berk. Outl.p. 289, 1. 18,/. 7. Russ. i. t. 53. Exidia Auricula Judae , Fr. Epicr.p. 590. Nees. PI. Off. with fig. Bolt. 1 . 107, Tremella. Bull.tA27,f. 2. Eng. Bot. Ed. ii. t. 2147. Batt. t. 3,/. T. Eng. FI. Y.p. 217. Gorda. Sturm, t. 6 . Harz. t. 45. 350 TREMELLINI. On elder and elm. Common. [United States.] 1-3 in. or more broad ; upper substance corrugated, the plaits branching from the middle part, where they are strongest, and somewhat convoluted, so as to give an idea of a human ear ; when the plant grows on a perpendicular stump or tree it turns upwards.— Smith, (Fig. 97.) Gen. 52. Ni EMATELIA, Fr. Nucleus solid, heterogeneous, covered with a gelatinous stra- tum, which is everywhere clothed with the hymenium. — Berk. Outl. p. 290. (F7#. 98.) Fig. 98. 1033. Naematelia encephala. Fr. “Flesh-coloured Nematelia.” Subsessile, pulvinate, plicato-rugose, pallid flesh colour, at length brownish. — Fr. Epicr.p. 591. Willd. Bot. Mag. i. t. 4, /. 14. Eng. FI. v.p. 219. Ann. N.H.no. 292. Berlc. Outl. p. 290. Berk. exs. no. 291. On pine rails. Eare. Loch Lomond, Wales. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Solitary or clustered, more or less pulvinate ; 4-6 lines broad and thick, firm, when fresh of a dead flesh colour, when dry reddish-brown ; nucleus large, hard, white ; base stem-like. — Fries. (Fig. 98.) 1034. Naematelia nucleata. Fr. “ Nucleate Naematelia.” Sessile, flat, somewhat gyrose, yellowish-brown. — Fr. Epicr.p. 592. Berk. Outl.p. 290. On rotten wood. Eare. [United States.] Sometimes confounded with Tremella albida , from which it differs in the presence of a small white nucleus.— M. J. B. 1035. Naematelia viiescens. Corda. “ Greenish Naematelia. Small, roundish, depressed, gyroso-tuberculate, or quite even, green. — Ann. N.H. no. 374. FI. Dan. t. 1857 y f. 1. Dacrymyces virescens , Fr. Epicr. p. 592. Corda. iii./. 90. Berk. Outl. p. 290. On furze branches. Common. TREMELLINI. 351 Gen . 53. DACRYMYCES, Nees. Homogenous, gelatinous. Co- nidia disposed in moniliform rows ; sporophores clay ate, at length bifurcate. — Berk. Outl.p. 290. {Fig. 99.) Fig. 99. 1036. Dacrymyces violaceus. Fr. “ Violet Dacrymyces.” Small, compact, somewhat compressed, gyrose, violet. — Fr. Epicr.p.5$2. Eng. Fl.Y.p. 219. Berk. Outl.p. 290. On trunks of pear trees. Rare. [Mid. Carolina.] Erumpent, gregarious ; 3-4 lines long, 1 line thick, black when dry. — Fries . Very much like the tartar of port- wine. — Relhan. 1037. Dacrymyces sebaceus. B.fyBr. “Waxy Dacrymyces.” Whitish, waxy, subrotund ; spores ovate -triangular ; filaments variously branched, clavate above, here and there resolved into globose conidia. — Br. Bath. Trans. 1870, 96. On ash and maple twigs. Winter. Conspicuous in wet weather, 2-4 lines broad ; spores ('0005 X '0003 in.) *0125 X *0075 mm. Besides the spores other bodies occur resembling those of a Fusisporium , which appear to grow from the same threads, but may pos- sibly be parasitic on the Dacrymyces. — C. E. B. ( Fig. 99J 1038. Dacrymyces deliquescens. Dub. “ Yellow Dacrymyces.” Pulvinate, slightly waved, and plicate yellow. Spores trisep- tate. — Bull. t. 455,/. 3. Price , f. 58. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, xix. t. 12, 13. Ditiolanuda , B. fyBr. Ann. N.H. ser. 2, vol. ii ,p. 267, t. 9, f. 4, no. 375 $• no. 728. Septocolla adpressa, Bon. f. 274. Berk . Outl.p. 290. On fallen pine branches. [Up. Carolina.] Sometimes on pine rails, as well as D. stillatus , but easily distinguished from that by its larger size, more caespitose habit, and paler yellowish colour. It often resembles very much a caespitose, waved, yellow Peziza , growing in clusters, sometimes an inch or more in length. The spores are triseptate, slightly curved and obtuse. 352 TEEMELLINI. 1039. Baciymyces stillatus. Nees. “ Orange Dacry my ces.” Nearly round, convex, at length plicate, yellow, then orange, colour persistent; spores multiseptate. — Fr. Spier. p. 592. Grev. S. C. F. 1. 159. Berk . Outl. t. 18,/. 8. Eng . FI. Y.p. 220. Cooke . exs . no. 336. On pine rails. [United States.] Distinguished by its persistent orange colour from D. deliquescens , it is also smaller, more scattered, less depressed, and firmer. Generally barren. 1040. Bacrymyces chrysocomus. Tul. “Yellow-fir Dacrymvces.” Small, yellow, gelatinous, cup-shaped, at length turning pale. — Berk. Outl.p. 291. Peziza chrysocoma, Bull. t. 376,/. 2. Eng. FI. Y.p. 205. On fir branches. Gen. 54. APYRENIUM, Fr. Stroma gelatinoso-carnose, fibro- so-floccose, hollow, inflated ; hyme- nium smooth, when dry collapsed, pubescent. — Berk . Outl.p. 291. {Fig. 100.) 1041. Apyarenimm lignatile. Fr. “Wood-loving Apyrenium.” Subglobose, always hollow, mostly somewhat lobed, pallid yellowish, or reddish white. — Fr. El. ii .p. 39. Berk. Outl.p. 291. Pyrenium lignatile , Eng. FI. Y.p. 221. Grev. t. 276. On rotten wood. Appin. (F%. 100.) 1042. Apyrenium armeniacum. B. Br. “Apricot- coloured Apyrenium.” Keceptacle lobate, sub-gelatinous, apricot-colour ; spores obovate, enucleate, borne at the tips of branched threads. — B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1141, pi. ii.,/. 2. On oak sticks. Oct. Batheaston. Spores *0003 X *0005 in. long. This may possibly be a condition of Hypocrea gelatinosa . Fig. 100. TEEMELLINI. 353 Gen . 55. HYMENULA, Fr. Effused, very thin, macukeform, agglutinate, between waxy and gelatinous. — Berk. Outl.p. 291. 1043. Hymeimla punctiformis. B.fyBr. “ Point-like Hyme- nula.” Gelatinous, punctiform, pallid, somewhat undulated ; spores elliptic. — Ann . Nat. Hist. no. 729. Berk. Outl.p. 291. On decorticated fir poles. Sept. Batheaston. Punctiform, gelatinous, dirty white or very pale umber, slightly tinged with yellow, \ line broad, slightly undulated, consisting of erect simple threads j spores minute (*0002 in.) '005 mm. long. It has somewhat the ap- pearance of JPeziza vulgaris . — B. & Br . Gen. 56. DXTIOX.A, Fr. Orbicular, margined, patellaa- form. Hymenium discoid, ge- latinous, at first veiled. — Berk. Outl.p. 291. {Fig. 101.) Ejg. 101. 1044. Bitiola radicata. Fr. “ Rooting Ditiola.” Disc nearly plane, golden-yellow ; stem thick, villous, white, rooting. — Fr.S.M. ii .p. 170. FI. JDan.t. 2338,/. 1. Bisch. f. 3375. Bail. t. 22. A. S. t. 8, f. 6. Eng. FI. v. p. 210. Ann. N.H. no. 729*. On pine wood. East Bergholt. {Fig. 101.) 354 HYP0GJ2I, Family II. GASTEROMYCETES. Hymenium more or less permanently concealed, consisting in most cases of closely-packed cells, of which the fertile ones bear naked spores on distinct spicules, exposed only by the rupture or decay of the investing coat or peridium. — Berk. Outl.p . 292. The fructification is essentially produced within the surrounding tissues. A large portion are remarkable for the drying up of the hymenial tissues to such an extent that the cavity contains a dusty mass of spores, mixed more or less with threads, or the shrivelled remains of the constituent tissues, but this is not without exception. Some, again, are of a fleshy consistence when young, while others, in an early stage of growth, exhibit little more than an apparently inorganised mass of pulpy matter. One or two genera exhibit beautiful spiral threads. A few are edible. — Berk. Introd.jp. 333. Hymenomycetous — Subterraneous, naked or enclosed . . Hypogcei. Terrestrial. Hymenium deliquescent . Phalloidei. Peridium enclosing sporangia, contain- ing spores Nidulariacei . Coniospermous— • Cellular at first. Hymenium drying up into a dusty mass of threads and spores Trichogastres . Gelatinous at first. Peridium contain- ing at length a dusty mass of threads and spores . Myxogastres . Order VII. HYPOGjFI. Hymenium permanent, not becoming dusty or deliquescent, except when decayed. Subterranean. — Berk . Outl.p. 292. Analogous to Tuberacei in many particulars, except that the spores are not contained in asci. Peridium adhering to creeping, branched fibres, which traverse its surface — Cells at first pulpy. Spores smooth. . . . Melanogaster. Cells at first empty. Spores smooth . . . Rhizopogon . Peridium fleshy or thin. Cells at first empty — Without distinct base. Spores echinulate . Hydnangium. With absorbing base. Spores various . . . Hymenogaster . Peridium cottony. Cells at first empty — Spores rough Octaviania. Peridium separable. Cells at first empty — Substance cartilagino-glutinous. Spores minute Hysterangium. HYPOGiEI. 355 Gen. 57. OCTAVIANIA, Yitt. Fig. 102. Peridium continuous or cracked, cottony, running down into the sterile base. Trama byssoid, easily divisible. Fruit-bearing cavi- ties or cells at first empty. Spores rough. — Vitt. Tub. p. 15. Tul. Hyp. p.ll . Berk . Outl. p. 292. (Fig. 102.) 1045. Octaviania astexosperma. Vitt. “ Star-spored Octaviania.” Globose, dirty white, then in parts, seruginous-blue and black; sterile base rather thick ; spores spherical, deep ferruginous, ecbinate. — Berk. Outl.p. 292. Tul. Hyp. 1 . 11,/. 1. Vitt. Tub. t. 3,/. 7. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. xix. 1. 17,/. 21. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 7,/. 64. Corda. Anl. t. D.f. 45, wo. 5, 6. Underground, adhering by the mycelium to twigs, &c. West of England. The smell is just lilie the pungent odour of some Ichneumon or small bee. Spores (‘0004 in.) *0128 mm. ( Fig. 102, spores.) 1046. Octaviania Stephensii. Tul. “ Stephens’s Octaviania.” Irregular, oblong, externally rufous, plicato-rugose at the base, cribrose, white within; milky, at length, when exposed to the air, rufous; spores globose, at length echinulate. — Berk. Outl.p. 2 92. Tul. Hyp. t. 21,/. 6. Corda. vi. /. 67. Hydnangium Stephensii, Berk. Ann. N.H. xiii.p. 352, no. 300. Underground, or half buried. Aug. Clifton. About | in. diameter, oblong, attached by a branched fibrous root, smooth, not cracked, dark rufous, curiously plicate at the base, and cribrose ; within white, yielding when cut a white milky fluid ; substance when cut and ex- posed to the air soon acquiring a red tinge, which is not, however, perma- nent, and in young specimens vanishes almost entirely in drying, in which state the hymenium is cream-coloured ; cells minute ; spores at first irregu- larly globose, with a broad rugulose border, somewhat after the fashion of the young spores of Scleroderma , at length echinulate. This species is remark- able for its milky juice, smooth dark peridium, and plicate base. The smell was slight.— M. J. B. Spores *0096 X *0128 mm. (*00035 X *0004 in.) dia- meter. 356 HYPOG^II. Gen. 58... MELANOGASTER, Corda. Kg. 103. i m Peridinm adhering to creeping branched fibres which traverse its surface, without any proper or dis- tinct base ; cells at first filled with pulp ; spores smooth, mostly dark. - — Corda. Sturm, iii.^9. i. Ic. Fung. v. p. 23. Tul . Hyp . p. 92. Berk. Outl.p. 293. {Fig. 103.) 1047 . Melanogaste? vaziegatus. Tul. “ Red Truffle.” At first ochraceous, then reddish-ferruginous, minutely downy ; walls of the cells dirty white, yellowish or orange ; pulp black ; spores minute. — Tul. F. Hyp. t. ii. /. 4, t. xii ./. 6. Bull. t. 479. Berk. Outl.p. 293. Vitt. Tub. t. iii./. 4. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 9,/. 91. var . Broomeianus. Veins pale, sometimes becoming red when dry, sometimes unchangeable. M . Broomeianus , B. Ann. N.H. no. 301. Tuber moschatum, Sow. t. 426. Berk. exs. no. 285. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. xix. t, 17, /. 23. Corda. vi./. 90. Under beech trees, Lombardy poplars, &c. South West of England. Sold in the market at Bath under the name of the Red Truffle, and eaten there in preference to the Common Truffle. In tufts of five or six together, and several of such tufts under each tree, half of them being in general ex- posed, and half beneath the soil ; when fresh it is minutely tomentose, of a reddish ochre, which becomes less bright when handled or badly dried ; the veins bright yellow in the typical form, pale in the variety, sometimes be- coming red when dry, sometimes unchangeable ; at first white within, then very pale yellow, at length fuliginous. The spores are elliptic and minute, without any papillae, they contain one or two globose nuclei ; when ripe spherical bodies of the size of the nuclei are often mixed with the spores. — M.J.B . Spores *0064 mm. long, *004 mm. broad (’00025 X *00015 in.). 1048 . Melanogaste? ambiguus. Tul. “Stinking Melano- gaster.” Very foetid, globose, dirty olive, nearly even ; walls of cells white, reddish when exposed to the air ; pulp black ; spores large, obovate. Tul. Hyp. t. 2,/. 5, 1. 12,/. 5. Berk. Ann. N.Hist. no. 302. Berk. Outl.p. 293. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 9, /. 88. Octaviana ambigua } HYPOG^EI. 357 Vitt. Tub.p. 18, t. 4,/. 7. Hyperrhiza liquaminosa , Klot . jPZ. Ifor. £.468. Lycoperdoides , il/YcA. t. 98,/. 3. Under fir trees. West of England. Apetliorpe. Known at once by its much larger ovate spores with a papilla at the apex, and its abominable smell, which resembles that of assafcetida. A single speci- men in a room is so strong as to make it scarcely habitable. The walls of the cells when cut are whitish, but soon become red ; this is not constantly the case. — M. J.B. var. /3. intezme&ius. Spores obovate, obtuse and even, very rarely slightly papillate. — Berk. Ann.N.H. no. 302. This form, or more probably species, was found at Spye Park in August, by C. E. Broome. It is as large as M. variegatus , of which it has the bright rusty colour, but the spores are much larger, equalling in size those of the typical form of this species, though of a different form. There is scarcely ever the slightest indication of a papilla, and they are obovate, with a single globose nucleus. The smell is also similar. The walls of the cells are yel- lowish, and are red in dry specimens.— M. J. B. Spores *013 X *016 mm. long, *008 mm. broad ('0005 X *0003 in.). (Fig. 103, section magd.) Gen. 59. HYBNANG2U1YI, Wallr. Fig. 104. Peridium flesby or membranaceous. Sterile base none. Trama vesicular. Cells at first empty, then filled with spores. Spores echinulate. — Tul. Hyp. p. 74. Berk. Ann. N.H. xiii.y>. 351. Outl. p. 293. Corda. Ic. Y.p. 28. {Fig. 104.) 1049. Hydnangium carotaecolor. Berk. “ Orange Hydnan- gium.” Oblong, rootless ; peridium thin, rugulose, brick-red, orange within ; spores subelliptic, pale, echinulate. — Berk. Ann. N.H. xiii. p. 351. Berk. Outl.p. 293, t. 20, f. 1. Tul. Hyp. t, 21, f. 4. Under trees. Sept. Nov. Bristol. Oblong, f of an inch in diameter, externally slightly tomentose, pale orange-red, fleshy, but by no means deliquescent, rootless ; peridium thin, at length rugulose, within minutely cellular ; substance of a beautiful orange- red ; cells hollow, clothed with obtuse bi-sporous sporophores, and slender cystidia ; the cells are also traversed from wall to wall by slender occasionally branched threads. Spores subelliptic, strongly echinulate, supported on short but distinct sterigmata. — M.J.B. Colour exactly that of a carrot, communicating to paper a lemon-coloured stain. Spores *0096 X *0128 mm long, *007 X *008 mm, broad (*0004 X *0003 in.). {Fig. 104, spores magd.) 358 HYPOG^I, Gen . 60. HYSTERANGIUM, Yitt. Peridium indehiscent, distinct, separable. Cavities at first empty. Substance cartilagineo-glutinous. Spores minute. — Vitt. Tub. p . 13. j BerJc. Ann . N.H. xiii. p. 350. Outl. p. 294. Tul. Hyp.p. 80. 1050. Hysterangium nephriticum. j Berk. “Grey Hysterangium.” Depressed, springing from a white, flat, branched, membranous mycelium ; peridium firm, elastic, distinct, tomentose, substance pale blue or grey, here and there greenish ; cavities radiating from the base; spores minute, oblong, pale clay-colour. — Ann. N. Hist. xiii. p. 350, no. 298. Under trees. Feb. Clifton. About ^-1 in. across, gregarious, sometimes confluent, snow-white, downy, seated on a white, flat, branched mycelium, which penetrates deeply into the soil, and is attached at various points to the peridium ; peridium firm, elastic, easily separating from the fructifying mass, but in the process of drying in young plants, adhering closely to it ; in older plants often separat- ing entirely ; when rubbed or cut contracting sometimes a pale rufous tinge ; substance firm, cartilagineo-glutinous, proceeding from the base and radiating into the mass, of a pale blue or grey in parts, with a green tinge ; in very young specimens there is a tinge of very pale pink ; cells irregular, minute, sometimes straight and radiating, clothed with very pale, argillaceous, ob- long spores, and emitting from their walls irregular threads. As the plant dries the blue and green tints vanish almost entirely, and the mass is of a very pale clay-colour from the spores. The central mass contracts extremely, and the outer surface becomes more or less irregular. Smell at first like that of some Hypericum , then exactly that of a decaying puff-ball. — M. J. B. Spores '0128 mm. long, *0064 mm. broad ( 0004 X *00025 in.). 1051. Hysterangium Thwaitesii. B.fyBr. “Thwaites’s Hysterangium.” Subglobose, white, rufous when bruised ; peridium membran- aceous ; spores oblong, apiculate. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. ser . ii. vol. ii.p. 267 , no. 377. Under trees. Aug. Bristol. Mycelium white, fibrillose, not much disposed to form membranous ex- pansions, spreading for some distance. Sporangium globose, or slightly irregular, white, slightly silky, when rubbed or exposed to air assuming^ rufous tinge. Peridium membranaceous, not so thick as in H . nephriticum , though, as in that species, it sometimes separates when dry ; rufous when divided. Cells brownish-olive ; spores oblong, apiculate, differently shaped from those of the other species.— M. J. B. Spores *0192 mm. long, *0064 mm. broad (’0006 X *00025 in.). HYPOG^I. 359 Gen. 61. RHIZOPOGON, Tul. Peridinm continuous or cracked, ad- hering to creeping, branched fibres, which traverse its surface. Cavities distinct, at first empty. Spores smooth, oblong-elliptic. — Tul . Hyp.p.tt. B. Br. Ann. N.H . xviii.y*. 76. Berk. Outl. p. 294. (Fig. 105, Bhizopogon luteolus.) 1052. Rhizopogon rubescens. Tul. “ Eeddish Khizopogon.” White, then reddish, and at length livid-olive, furnished with a few fibrillse ; substance very lacunose, dirty white, then olive ; cavities always empty. — Berk. Outl.p. 294. Tul. Hyp . t. 2,/. i. t. 11, f. 4. Melanogaster Berkeleyanus , Br.Ann. N. H. (1845)y>. 41. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 9,/. 90. Sturm, iii. £.11. In sandy fir woods. Chudleigh. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] This species grows gregariously in snndy fir woods ; when young it is al- most transparent, and resembles young Cynophallus caninus , being of a pure white, and furnished with white roots, which proceed from a mycelium that spreads sometimes an inch or two ; in this state it turns pink on being touched ; in a more advanced stage it is yellow, but even then it has here and there a pink tinge. The smell is very much like that of Melanogaster ambiguus when old, but when young it has an acid smell like that of sour ham. It rapidly decays into a brown, foetid, pulpy mass. — M.J.B. Spores *Q07-*009 mm. long, *003 mm. broad (‘00027 to *00035 X ‘00011 in.). ’ER, Tul. Globose, fleshy, firm, or rather soft. Peridium fleshy or thin, running down into an absorbing base. Cavities at first empty, radiating or irregular. Trama composed of elongated cells, but not of byssoid floeci, and there- fore not easily separable. Spores various. — Vitt. Tub. p. 20. Tul. ITyp.p. 63. Berk . Ann. N.H. xiii.^. 346, xviii.^9. 74. Berk. Outl.p. 295. 360 HYPOG^EI. 1053. Hymenogaster Klotschii. Tul . “ Klotsch’s Hymeno- gaster.” Obovate, fibrillose at tbe base, dirty white, within dull rufons ochre ; spores small, elliptic, obtuse at either extremity, nearly even. — Berk. Outl.p. 295. Tul. Hyp. 1. 10,/. 12. H. aIbus,B. Br.Ann. N.H. no. 296. Hymenangium album , Kl. FI. Bor. t. 466. Bhizopogonalbus , Eng. FI. y.p. 229. Bail. t. 27. Kl. exs. no. 1967. Amongst soil. Glasgow. Sowerby’s Tuber album , t. 310, quoted in Eng. El. as above, is still uncer- tain. Spores 'OUS mm. long, *0095 mm. broad ('0005 X *00035 in.). 1054:. Hymenogaster muticus. B. Br. “ Cracking Hymeno- gaster.” Globose, quite white when young, then tinged with brown and cracked, pale yellow-brown within; spores obovate, oblong, very obtuse. — B. fy Br.Ann. N. H. ser. ii., vol. ii., p.267. Berk. Outl. p. 295. Tul. Hyp. 1. 10, /. 7. Under trees. Nov. Bristol. About an inch in diameter, almost destitute of any absorbing base, globose, scarcely at all lobed. When young pure white, but changing with age, especially when rubbed, to brownish, and at length much cracked. Sub- stance pale yellowish-brown, rather firm and dry ; cells loose, but smaller than in some of the allied species, clothed with reddish-brown obovate ob- long spores, which for the most part are quite obtuse, without the slightest trace of an apiculus, and contain two or three variously sized oil globules. Smell very slight. Distinguished from all its more immediate allies by its peculiar spores.— M. J. B. Spores *023 mm. long, *013 mm. broad (*0008 X *0004 in.). 1055. Hymenogaster luteus. Vitt, “ Yellow Hymenogaster.” Peridiuni' very thin, soft and silky, white, then brownish, bright yellow within ; spores even, ovate, or elliptic, oblong, yel- low. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 294. Tul. Hyp. 1. 1,/. 3. Vitt. Tub. p. 22, t. 3,/. 9. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 8,f. 7 6. In woods. Budloe, Wilts. Distinguished by its bright permanently yellow hymenium, and smooth, papillate, very variable, often triangular spores. The tint varies according to the quantity of spores. Some specimens have but little scent; others, especially the larger ones, are powerfully foetid. — B.&Br. Spores *019- *023 mm. long, *0096 mm. broad ('0007 to ‘0005 X *0004 in.). 1056. Hymenogaster decorus. Tul. “ Comely Hymenogaster.” Koundish, dirty-white, here and there yellow, rather firm, within lilac-brown and at length blackish-violet ; absorbing base obsolete ; sporophores long, somewhat filiform ; spores elliptic, HYPOGiEI. 361 obtuse or obtusely apiculate, rugulose, ocbraceous, then brown. Berk. Outl. p. 295. Tul. Hyp. t. 10,/. 9. Ann. Sc. Nat. xix. t. 17, /. 4 - 8 . In woods. Epping Forest, Cbudleigb, &c. This is a much firmer species than H. tener , darker within, with larger spores ; but it is especially distinguished by its elongated filiform sporo- phores, which project far beyond the surface of the hymenium. - M.J.B. 1057. Hymenogastez vulgaris. Tul. u Common Hymeno- gaster.” Eoundish, irregular, dirty white, soon soiled, softish, within dirty white, then dark-brown ; sterile base minute ; spores ob- long or lanceolate, oblong-acute, attenuated at the base, dark brown when mature ; surface uneven. — Berk. Outl. p. 296. Tul. Hyp. t. 10,/. 13. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 8,/. 84, 1. 13,/. 108. In woods. Bristol. Apethorpe. In general the internal substance changes from dirty white to pale reddish- brown, and then almost to black ; sometimes, however, there is at first a slight tinge of pale tan. The spores are variable in form, but are never acuminate. — M.J.B. (Tig. 107, spores) 1058. Hymenogastez pailidus. B. fy Br. “ Pallid Hymeno- gaster.” Smaller, rounded, depressed, nearly smooth, white, then dirty tan colour, rather soft, within white, then yellow, then pale brown ; sterile base obsolete ; spores lanceolate, acute, shortly pedicellate, rather tough. — B. Br.Ann. N.H. xviii.^.74. Berk. Outl . p. 296. In a dry fir plantation. Cotterstock. This species, which scarcely exceeds in size a horsebean, is nearly allied to H . vulgaris , but differs in its more acute spores as well as in colour. Spores *032- , 038 mm. long, *013-*016 mm. broad (*0012 X ’0004 in.). 1059. Hymenogastez citzinus. Vitt. “Lemon- coloured Hy- men ogaster.” Hounded, gibbous, shining as if silky, lemon-coloured or golden-yellow, then rufous-black, of the same colour within; substance firm; spores lanceolate, apiculate, rugulose, reddish- brown, opaque. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 293. Berk. Outl.p. 296, t. 20, /. 2. Vitt. Tub.p. 21. Berk. exs. no. 284. Tul. Hyp. t. i ./. 1, I. 10,/. 3. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 9, f. 87. In woods. Audley End. Wiltshire. R 362 HYPOGiEI. The yellow veins, subfusiform, rongh, dark-coloured spores, the frequently coloured sporophores, and the cheese-like scent which communicates itself to everything which is near, are the criterions of this species. When young it is of a greenish-yellow, but this soon wears off when rubbed, or exposed to the air. The sporophores occasionally become of a much darker colour than the neighbouring cells, and have a resinous appearance.— B. &. Br. 1060. Hymenogaster olivaceus. Vitt. “ Olive Hymenogaster.” Globose, but angular ; peridium whitish, then tinged with yellow, rufous when bruised ; substance white, then of a dull buff, then rufous-olive, variegated with the white trama ; spores pedicellate, mucronate, generally smooth. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 295. BerJc. Outl. p. 296. Vitt. Tub. t. 5,/. 9. H. populetorum , Berk. exs. no. 304. In woods. West of England. Variable in size, from that of a hazel-nut to a walnut. Peridium at first white, slightly tinged with lemon-colour ; cells at first white, gradually be- coming of a dull buff, and then of a reddish grey or brown. Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalus . Spores ovate, shortly pedicellate, with an ab- rupt, elongated, sometimes irregular apex; in general smooth and trans- parent, and containing 2-3 nuclei, but sometimes slightly rugose, though by no means opaque, as in H. citrinus , from which it may be known by its red- dish substance, larger cells, more transparent, paler and smoother spores, which are frequently more abruptly acuminate. — M. j. B. 1061. Hymenogaster tener. Berk. “ Thin Hymenogaster.” Small, globose, soft, white, silky ; substance pale pink, then greyish-umber ; sterile base conspicuous, white ; spores broadly elliptic, with a papillary apex, minutely warty. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 297. Berk. Outl.p. 296. H. lilacinus, Berk. exs. no. 305. Tul. Hyp. t. \.f. 4, 1. 10, 1. In woods. Spring and summer. West of England. About the size of a bean or large hazel-nut ; globose, soft and tender, white and silky externally ; peridium thin, at length dingy, at first white within, but soon acquiring a delicate pink tinge, which, as the spores ripen, changes to an umber grey. Absorbing base white, very distinct ; cells looser than in H. olivaceus ; spores much smaller than in the neighbouring species, broad, elliptic, with a minute papilla, never acuminate, minutely verrucose. Smell like that of Lact. theiogalus. — M.J.B. This is one of the most distinct species, characterised by its small, widely elliptic, or subglobose spores. Spores *016-*019 mm. long, *0096-*0105 mm. broad (*0005-'0U06 X *00035- *0004 in.) . ( Fig. 10 7, fungus and siction.) 1062. Hymenogaster Thwaitesii. B.fyBr. “ Thwaites’s Hymenogaster.” Small, globose, firm, dirty white, here and there stained ; sub- stance brown ; spores globose, rather rough, papillary.' — B. §Br. Ann. N.H. xviii.^>. 75. Berk. Outl.p. 297. Tul. Hyp. 1. 10,/. 11. HYPOG^EI. 363 In woods. Rare. Near Bristol. The spores are far more orlobose than in any other species, and are either quite obtuse or minutely apiculate. The inner membrane of the spores often contracts, so as to present a very singular appearance. A few elongated spores are mixed with them, but the normal form is globose. They are larger than in H. tener , but smaller than in H. decorus. 1063. Hymenogaster pusillus. B. $ Br. “Little Hymenogaster.” Very small, obovate or snbdepressed, white; sterile base large; substance dirty white ; cells large ; spores pallid-rubiginous, short, broadly-elliptic, with a papillary apex, at length smooth. — B. fy Br. Ann.N. H.^viii.p. 75, no. 5. Tul. Hyp.p. 73. On mossy ground in woods. Rushton. Norths. About 2 lines high, obovate or somewhat depressed, pure white, yellowish brown when dry, and then resembling strongly Sclerotium complanatum, nearly smooth ; dirty white within, furnished with a large, distinct, absorbing base. Cavities of the hymenium large for the size of the fungus, clothed sparingly with the rust-coloured spores. Sporophores clavate, frequently forked or irregular, having two spores on rather long spicules. Spores short, minute, broadly elliptic, at first smooth, at length rather rough, obtusely apiculate. — M.j.B. Spores '013-*016 mm. long, '0096 mm. broad (’OOOd-'OOOS X *00035 in.). Fairy-ring Champignon. Marasmius oreades. 364 PHALLOIDEI. Order VIII. PHALLOIDEI. Yolva universal, the intermediate stratum gelatinous. Hy- menium deliquescent. — Berk. Outl. p. 297. Pileus perforate, free Phallus. Pileus imperforate, adnate _ . . Cynophallus. Receptacle forming an ovate or globose network . Clathrus. PHALLUS, Linn. Pileus perforated at the apex, free all round, reticulate. Yeil none. {Fig. 108.) 1034. Phallus impudicus. Linn. “ Common Stinkhorn.” Pileus conical, reticulated ; margin of the reticulations nearly entire ; stem white, naked. — Berk. Outl.p. 297, t. 20,/. 3. Grev . t. 213. Harz. t. 65, 66. Mich. t. 83. Bail. t. 25. FI. Dan. ?>175. Schceff. 1 . 196*198. Bull. 1 . 182. Bolt. t. 92. Nees.f. 259. Fckl . exs. no. 1270. Smith, P.M.f. 31. Pay./. 551, 560. Gorda. v.f. 50. Eng. FI. v. p. 226. Bisch.f. 3330. Phallus fcetidus , Sow. t. 329. In woods, &c. Common. Very foetid. [United States.] Uterus about as large as a ben’s egg, consisting of two coats distended with jelly, besides which there is another delicate membrane immediately surrounding the pileus. Stem rapidly elongated, when full grown 6-8 in. high, 1 in. thick, hollow at first, closed at the apex, at length pierced.— Eng. FI. ( Fig. 108, reduced.) Gen. 63. Fig. 108. PHALLOIDEI. 365 1065. Phallus iosmos. Berk. “Toothed Phallus.” Pale reddish grey ; pileus conical, reticulated, borders of the reticulations strongly toothed. — Berk. Outl. p. 298. Curt. Brit. Ent. x. t. 469. Eng. FI. v.p. 227. Sandhills. Lowestoft. Scent something like violets at a distance, but very offensive when the plant is dried.— Curt. Gen. 64. CYNOPHALLUS, Fr. Fig. 109. Pileus adnate, imperforate, uneven. Veil none. — Fr. S. M. ii. p. 284. Berk. Outl.p. 298. (i^r. 109.) This genus differs from Phallus in the ad- nate and imperforate pileus, as well as in some other points. 1066. Cynophallus caninus. Fr. “ Common Cynophallus.” Pileus continuous with stem, ovate, tuberculose, impervious, reddish. — Curt. t. 235. Schceff. t. 330. FI. Dan. t. 1259. Sow. t. 330. Nees.f.26Q. Eng. FI. v.p. 227 . Bisch. 3335. Amongst decayed leaves in woods. Local. Uterus about the size of a hazel nut ; stem hollow, very pale orange ; pileus covered with green scentless mucus, beneath which it is red and wrinkled. — Eng. FI. (Fig. 109, reduced .) Gen^GS. CLATHBUS, Mich. Ftem none. Keceptacle forming an ovate or globose network ; branches of the network cellular within. — Fr. S. M. ii. p. 287. Berk. Outl.p. 298. {Fig. 110.) n 8 Pig. no. 366 TRICHOGASTRES 1067. Clathrus cancellatus. Linn, “ Latticed Stinkhorn.” Obovate, branches obliquely anastomosing, cancellate. — Fr. S.M.ii.p.288. Ann.N.H.no. 304. Huss.i.t.86. Batt.t. 2,f.E. Pay.f. 556-559. Mich.t. 93. Nees.f. 201. Bull.t, 441. Tourn.t, 329, /. B. var. Cooke , B. B 7 . £. 20. Cor da, v ./. 49. Bisch. f, 3638. Bail. t. 23. Rabh. F. E. no. 35. In woods. Bare. Isle of Wight, Devonshire, Lyme Begis, South of Ireland, &c. [Georgia, U. S.] Very beautiful, but extremely foetid. Branches resembling sealing-wax, covered here and there with an olive sporiferous mass.— M. J. B. (Fig. 110, reduced.) Order IX. TRICHOGASTRES. Peridium single or double. Hymenium at length drying up into a dusty mass of threads and spores. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 3. Berk. Outl. p. 298. Stalked — Receptacle pileiform ; volva universal . . . Batarrea. Receptacle subglobose, peridium thin, outer coat separating Tulostoma. Not stalked — Peridium thin— Persistent, bark shelling off ; no sterile base Bovista . Vanishing above, bark be coming warty, with sterile base Lycoperdon. Peridium firm, central mass veined. Spores large, granulated Scleroderma. Peridium rigid, enclosing distinct cells filled with peridiola Polysaccum. Peridium carbonaceous, at length hollow . . Cenococcum. Peridium double, outer one splitting in stellate lobes Geaster. TRICHOGASTRES. 367 Gen. 66 BATARREA, Pers. Fig. 111. Volva universal, central stratum gela- tinous. Receptacle pileiform, bursting through the volva, seated at the top of a tall stem. — Berk. Outl.p. 299. {Fig. 111.) 1063. Bataraea phalloides. P. “ Scarce Batarrea.” Stem equal. Spores brownish. — Fr. S.M. iii.p.7 . Woodw . Phil. Trans, v. 74 ,p. 423, t. 26. Ann. N.H. no. 303. Smith. Spic . i. 1. 12. Sow. t. 390. Pers. Syn. t. 3,/. 1. Nees.f. 257. Eng. FI. v. p. 298. Hook. Journ. 1843. t. 22, f. 1. Bisch.f. 3463. Corda. Anl. t. E.f. 50 ,no. 4-6. On sandhills, or hollows of old trees. Rare. New Brighton. Dropmore. Whole plant more- or less of a brown hue. Exterior volva ovate, fleshy, dirty- white, inclining to brown, buried 6-8 in. in the sand, with a few dirty- white floccose hairs at the base, middle volva much thinner, and almost membranaceous, connected with the outer by mucilage, smooth within ; inner volva internally villous, covered with very abundant yellow-brown dust-like seed ; externally concave and smooth. Stem formed within the cavity of the interior volva, cylindric, straight, short, fleshy, filled with mucilage, but afterwards elongated upwards with wonderful force and quickness, and pro- truded through the soil, carrying with it almost the whole inner volva, ad- nate with its apex, and covered, with a portion of the outer coat torn off, in the same manner. Immediately after maturity it becomes dry, as also the volva; tubular within, and externally fibrous, and remains a long time bleached and tossed about by wind and rain. — Smith. ( Fig. Ill, reduced.) 368 TRICHOGrASTB.ES. Gen. 67. TULOSTOMA, Pers. Peridium thin, papyraceous, the outer coat separating, distinct from the elongated stem. — Fr. S.M. iii.j9. 41. Berk. Outl.p. 299. (Fig. 112.) Fig. 112. 1069. Tulostoma mammosum. Fr. “Nippled Tulostoma.” Stem equal, subsquamose, mouth of peridium prominent, mammseform, entire. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 42. Ray. Syn.p. 27. Tourn. t. 331,/. E.F. Bull. t. 294, 471,/. 2. Sow. t. 406. Nees.f. 130. FI. Ban. t. 1740,/. 1. Chev. t. 10./. 1. FcJcl. exs.no. 1268. Eng. FI. v. p. 305. Pay.f. 40, 42. Bisch.f. 3609, 3610. Kl. exs. no. 177. On old walls, amongst moss. Local. [United States.] It varies with a smooth and nearly solid stem, or subsquamose, with a central pith. A vertical section shows a groove round the top of the stem, and a cavity towards the top of the peridium, in consequence of the flocci being shorter above. Spores bright ferruginous. — M.J.B. (Fig. 112.) Gen. 68. GE ASTER, Mich. Peridium double, outer distinct, persistent, burst- ing, and dividing into several stellite lobes. — Fr. $.4f. iii. p. 9. Berk. Outl.p. 299. In one species the inner per- idium is supported by several stems, and the orifices are numer- ous. This has led to its removal by some mycologists from this Fig. 113. to a new genus. We prefer to retain it as a sub genus. In the rest the orifice and support is single. None of the species are common. TRICHOGASTRES. 369 Sub. -Gen. 1. Myriostoma — Orifices and peduncles numerous. 1070. Geaster coliformis. P. “ Cullender Star Puff-ball.” Outer peridium multifid, expanded, inner supported by many short, slender stems; apertures numerous, ciliated. — Pers. Syn. p. 131. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 12. Ray . Syn. iii.p. 27. Dicks, t. 3./. 4. Sow. t. 313. Eng. Fl.y.p. 299. On the ground. Local. Norfolk. Suffolk. Remarkable for its numerous peduncles and orifices. The peduncles are compressed, somewhat branched, and appear to bear a definite relation to the number of orifices. — M. J. B. Sub. -Gen. 2. Genuina — O rifice and peduncle single. 1071. Geaster fornicatus. Fr. “ Vaulting Geaster.” Outer peridium subquadrifid, separating into two coats, con- nected at the tips of the divisions, and vaulted ; mouth conical, plicato-sulcate. — Berk. Outl. p. 299. Fr. S.M. iii.p. 12. Phil. Trans, xliii. t. 2,/. 11, 12. Blackst. t. 2. Buxb. v. t. 28,/. 1, 2. Batt. t. 39, /. 1-4. Bryant, f. 15. Sow. t. 198. Schceff.t. 183. Batsch.f. 168. Schmid, t. 37. Nees.f. 128. Eng. Fl.y.p. 300. Fckl. exs. no. 1267. Bisch.f. 3635. Kl. exs. ii. no. 140. On the ground and in hollow trees. [United States.] The outer coat of the volva remains so firmly attached to the ground dur- ing the expansion of the plant that the inner separates, and is inverted and fixed by the tips of its stellate lobes, to those of the outer coat. — Eng. FI. 1072. Geaster striatus. JD.C. “ Striate Geaster.” Outer peridium multifid, simple, expanded ; interior subpedi- cellate ; mouth prominent, conical, sulcate-striato. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 13. Mich. t. 100,/. 3. Gled.t.3,f '.upper. Eng. Fl.y.p. 300. Kl. exs. no. 173. Fckl. exs.no. 1264. Amongst sand. Great Yarmouth. * [Cincinnati, U. S.] This species differs from G. limbatus in the nature of the orifice, and from G. Bryantii in the want of the channel round the top of the stem. — Eng. FI. 1073. Geaster Bryantii. Berk. “ Bryant’s Geaster.” Outer peridium coriaceous, expanded, multifid ; inner pedi- cellate, with a groove round the top of the peduncle ; mouth sul- cato-plicate. — Berk. Outl.p. 300. Eng. Fl.y.p. 300. Bryant, f. 19. Schm. Ic. t. 37, f. 11-12. Berk. exs. no. 198. 370 TRICHOGASTRES. Under yew trees, and on exposed fen banks. Distinguished by the groove round the top of the peduncle and by the elongated plicate mouth. 1074. Geaster limbatus. Fr. “ Bordered Geaster.” Outer peridium coriaceous, expanded, multifid ; interior pedi- cellate ; mouth fimbriato-pilose, depressed, rather acute. — Fr. S.M. iii.p. 15. Sow. t. 312. Huss. i. t. 2. Ray. Syn. t. i./.i. Buxb. y. t. 29,/. 1. Bryant, f. 12, 13, 14, 16, 17. Schmid, t. 46. Eng. FI. v ,p. 301, Biscli. f. 3636, 3637. Feld. exs. no. 1599. On the ground. [Up. Carolina.] The inner peridium is slightly constricted, and then swollen at the base, without any groove round the top of the peduncle, into which it passes gradually. — Eng. FI. 1075. Geaster fimbriatus. Fr. “ Fringed Geaster.” Outer peridium multifid, expanded, flaccid ; interior sessile ; mouth indeterminate, piloso-fimbriate. — Fr. S.M. iii.^o. 16. Mich. 1. 100, /l. Berk. Outl.t. 20 ,/. 4. Sow. t. 80. Ann. N.H. no. 378. Schmid, t. 43-53,/. 1-3. Berk. exs. no. 275, 209. Rabh. F.E. no. 165. Cooke, exs. no. 213. Fckl. exs. no. 1266. In fir plantations. [Low. Carolina.] The mouth is fimbriate, and not simply toothed as in G. rufescens. 1076 . Geaster mammosus. Chev. “ Nippled Geaster.” Outer peridium multipartite, rigid, hygrometric ; lacinise equal ; interior sessile ; mouth ciliate, acutely conic in a circular disc. — Fr. S.M. Hi. p. 17. Sow.t. 401. Mich.t. 100,/. 3. Bull.t.238,f. f, g, h? Eng. FI. Y.p. 301. Ann. N.H. no. 37 9. On the ground. Rare. This species is extremely rare. The Rev. M. J. Berkeley writes— “ I have seen only the specimen figured by Sowerby.” 1077 . Geaster rufescens. Fr. “ Reddish Geaster.” Outer peridium multifid, at length revolute ; interior sessile, naked; mouth dentate. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 18. Bocc.t. 305, f. 4. Buxb. ii. t. 49,/. 3. Schceff. 1. 182. Bull. t. 471,/. 1. Pay./. 469. FI. Dan. 1. 1433. Ann. N.H. no. 378. In pastures. Leicestershire. Northamptonshire. [Carolina, U. S.] The mouth appears to be irregularly toothed according to the “ Outlines.’* TRICHOGASTRES. 371 1078. Geastez hygzometzicus. P. “ Hard-coated Geaster.” Outer peridium multipartite, thick, rigidly indexed when dry; inner sessile, sub -reticulate, bursting irregularly. — Fr. S. M. iii. p. 19. Mich. t. 100,/. 4-6. Gled.t. 6. Bull. 1. 13 8 (partly), f. a-d. Schmid, t. 27, 28. Sow. t. 401. Nees.f. 127. Bolt. 1 . 179. Kl . exs. no. 341. Eng. FI. v.p. 302. Bisch. f. 3632. Fckl. exs. no. 1263. On the ground. Bare. Near Halifax. [United States.] Variable in size, colour, and the surface of the inner peridium, which is sometimes reticulated, sometimes nearly smooth. — Eng. FI. The hard, horny, outer peridium, and scurfy or reticulate, irregularly bursting, inner peridium, readily distinguish this species. — M. J. B. 1079. Geaster lagenifozmis. Vitt. “ Flask-like Geaster.” Outer peridium splitting to the middle, in nearly equal acu- minate lacinise, inner stratum very thick, evanescent. Inner peridium sessile, flaccid, mouth determinate, piano-conic, ciliato- fimbriate, columella rather long, clavate. — Vitt. Monog. Ly cop. t. 1,/. 2. Payer, f. 519, 520. On the ground. Specimens were exhibited at one of the meetings of the Horticultural Society of London. (Fig- 113, reduced.) Gen. 69. BOVISTA, Dill. Peridium papyraceous (or some- times corky), persistent ; bark dis- tinct, continuous, at length shelling off. Capillitium sub-compact, equal, adnate to the peridium on all sides ; spores pedicellate. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 21. Berk. Outl.p. 301. (Fig. 114.) Fig. 114. \ u J 1930. Bovista nigzescens. P. “ Blackish Bovista.” Subglobose, peridium papyraceous, tough, at length blackish- umber; bark even, entirely evanescent; capillitium dense, purple brown, as well as the spores. — Fr. S.M. iii .p. 23. BerJc. Outl.t. 20,/. 5. Bocc.t. 306,/. 2. Bolt. t. 118. Batsch. f. 116. Sow. t. 331 . Eng. FI. v. p. 302. Fckl. exs. no. 1 884. Kl. exs. no. 1410. In pastures. Common. [United States.] About U in. broad. 372 TRICHOGASTRES. 1081. Bovista plumbea. P. “ Lead-coloured Bovista.” Globose, peridium papyraceous, flexible, lead-coloured, bark subpersistent at the base, mouth narrow, capillitium and spores brown. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 24. Mich . t. 97./. 6. BerJc. Outl . t. 20. f. 6. Bull. £.192. Eng.Fl.v.p. 302. Pay./. 20. Corda. Ic.v.f. 47 . Corda. Anl. t. C.f. 36, 3-6. Fckl. exs. no. 1262. In pastures. Common. [United States.] Generally smaller than B. nigrescens. ( Fig . 114 .) 1082. Bovista ammophila. Lev. “ Rooting Bovista.” Globoso-turbinate, tomentose, verruculose, white ; mycelium cord -like, rooting. Spores globose, even, olivaceous, as well as the delicate capillitium. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, i x.p. 129, t. 9, /. 5. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1033. On the side of a wood. Sept. Denbighshire. Easily recognised by the long cord-like root, and olivaceous spores. Gen. 70. LYCOPEOON, Tourn. Peridium membranaceous, vanish- ing above, or becoming flaccid ; bark adnate, subpersistent ; breaking up into scales or warts. Capillitium soft, dense, adnate to the peridium, and sterile base. — Fr. S.M. iii. />. 27. Berk. Outl.p. 301. (Fig. 115.) Fig. 115. 1083. Bycoperdon giganteum. Batsch. “ Giant Puff-Ball.” Peridium very fragile above, and obtuse, cracking into areae, evanescent, very widely open, bark floccose, rather distinct; capillitium vanishing, together with the dingy-olive spores. — Fr. S.M. iii.y>. 29. Grev.t. 336. Huss. i. t. 26. Bay. Syn. no. 4 ,p. 26. Schceff. 1 . 191. Bull. t. 447. Sv. Bot. t. 294. Batsch. f. 165. FI. Dan. t. 1920. Sow. t. 332, upper t fig. Nees.f. 124, C. Eng. FI. v. p. 303. Smith, E.M.f. 25. Corda. Ic. v.f. 40. In pastures. Local. Esculent when young. [United States.] Attaining a very large size ; peridium soft and smooth, like kid-leather when young, when old dingy olive. Employed as an anaesthetic. TRICHOGASTRES, 373 1084. Lycoperdon cselatum. Fr . 4 ‘ Collapsing Puff Ball.” Peridium flaccid above, collapsing, obtuse, debiscent at tbe apex, at length open, cup-shaped ; sterile stratum cellulose ; inner peridium distinct all round ; capillitium nearly free, collapsing ; spores dingy-yellow.— Fr. S.M. iii. p. 32. Bay. Syn. iii .p. 26, no. 3. Vaill. t. 16,/. 4. Schceff. t. 189, 190, 186. Nees.f. 125. Berk. Outl. t. 20,/ 7. Huss. ii. t. 23. Eng. FI. v. p. 303. Harz. t. 74. Bisch. /. 3604. In pastures. Common. [Carolina. Maine, U. S.] Remarkable for its spongy, blunt, obconicbase, cavity above sublenticular. In consequence of the simple orifice the mass of flocci and spores does not fall out but collapses, until by decay the upper part of the fungus is ruptured. — Eng. FI. 1088. laycoperdon atYopurpureum. Vitt. “ Purple-spored Puff Ball.” Peridium flaccid, dingy-rufous, opening by a minute obtuse mouth ; bark at first rough with minute spines ; sterile base cell- ular, continuous with the capillitium ; spores largish, pedicellate, brown-purple, echinulate. — Vitt. Lyc. t . 2,/. 6. Berk. Outl.p. 302. Sci. Gos. 1866,/. 252. On downs. West of England. Spores echinulate in this species, and in L. saccatum. 1086. liycopexdon pusillum. Fr. “ Little Puff Ball.” Peridium entirely flaccid, persistent, obtuse ; mouth always narrowly dehiscent ; bark even, then rimose with adpressed scales ; sterile stratum obsolete, continuous with the capillitium ; spores olive. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 33. Bolt. t. 117, /. C. Mich. t. 97,/. 3. Schceff. t. 29 4. Batsch.f. 228, var. Bull . t. 435,/. 2. Eng. FI. v.p. 304. Sci. Gos. 1866,/. 255. Kl. exs. no. 1635. Fckl. exs. no. 1261. In pastures. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] A small species, sometimes not larger than a marble. 1087. Iiycoperdon saccatum. Vahl. “ Elongated Puff Ball.” Peridium lens-shaped or rounded, scurfy, obtuse, cracking into areae, fugacious, very thin, as well as the adnate bark ; capilli- tium compact, persistent; spores dingy-umber. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 35. Huss. i. 1. 14. Bocc. t. 306,/. 1. Bisch. f. 3605. FI. Dan. t. 1139. Sci.Gos. 1866, /.251. Ann.N.H.no. 210. Cookeexs.no. 214. In thickets or their borders. Easily known by the plicate folds on the under side of the peridium. Spores echinulate. s 374 TRICHOGASTRES. 1088. Lycoperdon gemmatum. Fr. “ Warted Puff Ball.” Peridium membranaceous, persistent, base narrow, opening with an umbonate mouth ; bark farinaceous, adnate, covered with sub-spinulose warts ; flocci in the centre forming a columella, persistent ; spores yellow with a greenish tinge. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 36. Bolt. t. 117. Huss. i. t. 54. Vaill. 1. 12,/. 15, 16. Mich. t. 97, /. l.-Batt. t. 31,/. 4. FI. Dan. t. 1120. Bull. t. 475, B E. Harz. t. 27. Chev. 1. 10,/. 2. Schceff. t. 184. Eng. FI. v. p. 304. Sci. Goss. 1866,/. 253. Bisch.f. 3614. In meadows, &c. Common. [Cincinnati. Maine, U. S.] Very variable. Mouth prominent, umbonate from the club-shaped colam- ella ; spores small and smooth. 1089. Lycoperdon pyriforme. Schceff. “ Pear-shaped Puff Ball.” Peridium membranaceous, persistent, subpyriform, opening with an umbonate mouth ; bark innate, covered with very thin fugacious squamules, columella conical ; spores greenish-yellow. — Fr. S.M . iii. ^9. 39. Bay. Syn. iii. p. 19, no. 7. Huss. i. t. 70. Grev. t. 304. Schceff. t. 189. Bull. t. 32, &t. 435,/. 3. FI. Dan. t. 1680,/. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 304. Sci. Goss. 1866,/. 254. Cooke , exs. no. 215. Fckl. exs.no. 1260. On decayed stumps. Common. [United States.] Generally much tufted. Root white, branched, creeping ; columella coni- cal ; spores small and smooth. ( Fig. 115. J Gen. 71. SCLERODERMA, P. Peridium firm, with an innate bark, bursting irregularly ; flocci adhering on all sides to the peri- dium, and forming distinct veins in the central mass ; spores large, granulated. — Berk. Outl. p. 303. Eng. FI. v. p. 305. {Fig. 116.) 1090. Scleroderma vulgare. Fr. “Common Scleroderma.” Subsessile, irregular ; peridium corky, hard, dehiscing indefi- nitely; inner mass bluish-black ; spores dingy. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. Fig. 116. TRICHOGASTRES. 375 46. Huss . i. t. 17. FI. Dan. 1 . 1969, /. 2. Vaill. 1 . 16./. 8. Bolt. t. 116. Bull. t. 270. Sow.t. 268. Eng.Fl.v.p. 305. BerJc. Outl.t. 15,/. 4. Pay.f. 506. Schnz. 1. 14, / 46-48. Tuber solidum, With. iii. jt9. 459. Feld. exs. no. 1253. On borders of woods. Common. [Maine, U. S.] The larger form is generally of a yellowish hue, with the surface warty, or covered with squarrose scales, the smaller quite sessile, minutely warty, and of a bright brown. The spores are collected into little heaps separated by a few greyish flood. — Eng. FI. (Fig. 1160 1091. Scleroderma Tbovista. Fr. “ Thin-coated Scleroderma.” Subsessile, irregular ; peridium thin, soft, dehiscing irregu- larly ; bark sub-seceding ; flocci yellow ; spores dingy olive. — Fr. A8.ilf.iii. p . 48. Mich. t. 99,/. 2. Batsch.f. 229. Eng. FI. v. p. 306. On sandy ground. [Low. Carolina.] Known by its thinner peridium, and yellow flocci. — M. J. B. 1092. Sclesrodesrma venucosum. Pers. “ Warty Scleroderma.’* Substipitate ; peridium rounded, subverrucose, thin above and fragile; inner mass purplish-black; flocci and spores brown. — Fr. S. M. iii. p. 49. Grev.t. 48. Huss. i. t. 17. Bocc.t. 305,/. 2. Schceff. t. 188. Vaill. 1. 16, /. 7. Mich. t. 99, /. 3. Bull. t. 24. Sow. t. 311. Nees.f. 123. Eng. FI.y. p. 306. Fckl.exs.no. 1254. On sandy ground. [United States.] Stem thick, lacunose. pare must be taken not to confound this with sti- pitate forms of the foregoing. — M.J.B. Gen. 72. FOLYSACCUM, D.C. Common peridium simple, rigid, bursting irregularly ; internal mass divided into distinct cells, filled with peridiola; spores mixed with the threads. — Berk. Outl. p. 304. Eng. Fl.v.p. 306. (Fig. 117.) Fig. 117. 376 TRICHOGASTRES. 1093. Polysaccum olivaceum. Fr. “ Olive Poly saccum.” Peridium roundish, olive, as well as the regular, minute peridioli ; stem short, abrupt, almost rootless. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 54. Sow . t. 425, a. b. Berk. Outl.p. 304. On the ground. Very rare. It is so extremely rare that neither the Rev. M. J. Berkeley nor ourselves have seen a single specimen. An allied species is found in Lower Carolina, (Fig. 117 J CENOCOCCUM, Fr. Peridium naked, thick, carbonaceous, inde- hiscent, at length hollow, with the walls dotted with dust-like spores. — Berk. Outl. p. 304. Eng.Fl.y.p. 307. (Fig. 118.) 1094. Cenococcmn geophilum. Fr. 11 Ground Cenococcum.” Black, even, within of the same colour, or dark brown ; spores subspherical, Idackish, even (or sometimes reticulated?). — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 228. Tul. Hyp. t. 21 ,/. 8. Lycoperdon graniforme , Sow. t. 270. Desm. exs. no. 1021. Bisch. f. 3685. Act . Turin . 1843, v. t. 3,/. 5. Fckl. exs. no. 1072. In woods where the soil is peaty. Common. About the size of a vetch. Scattered upon the ground without any root. (Fig. 118J u. s. Gen. 73. Fig. 118. L MYXOGASTRES 377 Order X. MYXOGASTRES. At first pulpy, at length filled with flocci and dust-like spores. — Berk . Outl.p. 304. Whole plant at first gelatinous. Mycelium often vein like, forming re- ticulated or anastomosing strata, but sometimes diffuse* giving rise to sessile or stipitate, free or confluent pendia, consisting of one or more membranes, inclosing, when mature, a dry mass of threads or plates, and spores ; at length often bursting. Threads of various structure, sometimes containing one or more spirals. — BerJc. Introd. p. 335. Large, sessile, more or less indeterminate. Peridium double, externally warty or mealy . Peridium single. Externally naked, fugitive .... Externally floccose Peridium crustaceous. Spores surrounded by membranous folds Peridium thick, fleshy Small, sometimes stalked, determinate. Threads not a prominent feature. Spores free. Peridium double, external smooth . Peridium simple. Bursting irregularly. Scaly or floccose .... Naked, smooth .... Bursting longitudinally Spores in groups. Peridium naked, or mealy Threads congested. Peridium cup shaped, operculate Threads prominent, at length more or less exposed. Peridium delicate, evanescent. Threads springing from columella Threads springing from stem Threads dependent from disc Peridium veined from innate capillitium Peridium persistent below. Capillitium netted, free above . • Capillitium elastic, banded or nodulose Peridium bursting irregularly. Threads free, spiral .... Peridum bursting longitudinally. Threads of two kinds .... Peridium splitting horizontally. Threads few Threads obsolete. Peridium membranaceous. Bursting irregularly .... Splitting horizontally .... Lycogala. Reticularia . JEthalium. Spumaria. Ptychogaster, Diderma. Didymium • Physarum . Angioridium. Badhamia . Craterium. Diachcea. Stemonitis . Enerthenema . Dictydium. Cribraria . Arcyria . Trichia. Ophiotheca. Perichoena. Licea. Phelonitis. T 378 MYXOGASTRES. Gen. 74. LYCOGALA, Mich. Peridium composed of a double membrane, papyra- ceous, persistent, bursting irregularly at the apex, ex- ternally warty, or furfura- ceous. Flocci delicate, ad- nate to the peridium. — Berk. Outl. p. 305. Eng. FI. v. p . 307. (Fig. 119.; 1095 . Lycogala epidendrum. Fr. “ Stump Lycogala.” Sub-globose, blood* red then brownish, punctato-scabrous, mouth irregular, spores becoming pale. — Fr. S.M. iii. 80. FI. Dan. t. 720, t. 2086,/. 2. Bolt. t. 119,/. 1. Fckl. exs. no. 1475. Bull. t. 503. Sow. t. 52. Holms, ii. t. 31. Buxb. y. t. 29,/. 2. Mich, t. 95. Jacq. Misc. t. 7. Schceff. 1 . 193. Nees.f. 97, 96. Grev.t . 38. Moug. exs. no. 85. Eng. FI. v.p. 307. Corda. Ic. v ./. 40. Bisch.f. 3673. Kl.exs.no. 933. On rotten stumps. Common. [Cincinnati, U. S.] Varying much in colour and size, and the hue of the sporidia. The sur- face is rough with dot-like scurfy warts, and changes colour sooner than the pulpy mass within, which is often of the finest scarlet, and oozes out in large drops if the peridium is injured. — Eng FI. ( Fig. 119.) 1096 . Lycogala paiietinum. Fr. “ Paper Lycogala.” Hemispherical, punctate, bluish-black, lacero-dehiscent ; spores yellow. — Fr. S.M. in. p. 83. Schrad. t. 6,/. 1. Pers. Ic. Piet. t. 3,/. 4-5. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 381. On damp paper, basket work, &c. King’s Cliffe. Bull. Peridium inde- terminate, simple, thin, naked, burst- ing irregularly fugi- tive. Flocci attached to the peridium, flat, branched, subretic- ulate. — Berk. Outl. p. 305. Eng. FI. v. p. 308. (Fig. 120.) Gen . 75 . RLTXCULARIA, Fig. 120. Fig 119. MYXOGASTRES. 379 1097. Reticularia maxima. Fr. “ Large Reticularia.” Hypothallus effused, peridium very thin, tuberculose, white, then blackish-purple, flocci fasciculate, adnate to the base, spores black-purple. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 85 . Eng. FI. v.p. 308 . Corda. Ic. vi ./. 35 . Fclcl. exs. no. 1473 . On trunks of felled trees. [United States.] 1093. Reticularia applanata. B.fyBr. “ Flattened Reticularia.” Effused, delicate, olivaceous-brown, spores olive, echinulate. — B. $ Br. Ann.N.H. (1866 ), no. 1142 , t. 2 ,/. 3 . On fallen trunk, the surface of which had been charred. Nov. Ascot. Resembling in habit Licea appl ana Surface reticulated, as in R. maxima. Spores 4-7 in. a fascicle, connate, echinulate, *0005 in. diameter. — B. & Br. 1099. Reticularia atr a. Fr . “ Black Reticularia.” Sub-pul vinate, peridium very thin, subreticulate, flocci erect from the base, dendroid, divaricate, black, as well as the mature spores. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 86 . Eng. FI. v. p. 308 . Kl. exs. no. 1748 . A. <£• S. t. 3 ,/. 3 . Lycop.fuliginosum , Sow. t. 257 . On wood and bark of felled pines. [Mid. Carolina.] 1100. Reticularia umbrina. Fr. “ Umber Reticularia.” Subpul vinate, peridium very thin, nearly even, silvery, then umber, flocci adnate to the base, erect, branched, umber as well as the spores. — Fr. S.M. iii. 87 . FI. Dan. 1. 1976 ,/. 2 . Eng. FI. Y.p. 308 . Mich. t. 95 ./. 1 . Gled. t. 6 . Bolt. 1. 133 ,/. 2 . Bull, t. 446 ./. 4 , t. 476 ,/. 1 - 3 . Sow. t. 272 . Grev.t. 106 . Sturm, t. 38 . Nees.f. 95 . Berlc. Outl. t. 20 ,/. 8 . On stumps, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] When growing on a horizontal surface sometimes several inches broad ; peridium before bursting of a beautiful silvery umber, passing beneath the mass of spores, and in favourable circumstances entirely separable from the matrix. From the base spring the compressed, branched, reticulated flocci, which are umber, like the spores, but shine with a golden or bronze- like lustre. — Eng. FI. ( Fig. 120.) Gen. 76. JETHALXUM, Link. Peridium indetermi- nate, externally covered by a floccose evanescent bark, cellular within from the confluent interwoven flocci. — Berlc. Outl. p. 306 . Eng. FI. v. p. 309 . (Fig. 121.) Fig. 121. 380 MYXOGASTRES. 1101. JEthalium septicnm. Fr . “ Wood iEthalium” Variously coloured, effused, external bark yellow, thin, de- ciduous ; internal mass compact, black. — Eng . FI. Y.p. 309. Fuligo violacea, Pers. Ic. Piet. t. i., p. 1. Pers. Syh. p. 161. Bisch.f. 3631. Schuzl. 1 . 15, /. 57 -58. XL exs . no. 1027. In woods, on various substances. [United States.]' (Fig. 121.) 1102. JEthalium vaporarium. Fr. “ Stove iEthalium.” Yellow, effused, in irregular masses ; spores at length black. — Pers. Syn.p. 161. Nees.t . 8,/. 92. Schceff. 1. 192. Jacq. Misc. v. t . 8. Mich. t. 96,/. 2. Rahh. F.E. no. 81. Felcl. exs. no. 1472. Bolt.t. 134. Bull. t. 380,/. 1 , t. 424. Sow. t. 399,/. 1 . Grev. t. 272. Gard. Chron. (1860), p. 409, with fig. Eng. FI. v. p. 309 (portly). In stoves, on bark. [United States.] This species is always yellow, and is a great nuisance in hot-houses. The two species have long been confounded together, but Fries and Mr. Berkeley appear to be of opinion now that they are distinct, although the specific dis- tinctions have not been well defined. SPUMARIA, Fr. Peridium indeterminate, simple, crustaceous, iiocculoso-cellular. Spores surrounded by membranaceous, as- cending, often sinuous folds. — Berk. Outl.p. 306. Eng.Fl.y.p. 309. {Fig. 122.) 1103. Spumaria alba. D.C. “ White Spumaria.” Effused, whitish, the internal plicate membrane branched in a horn-like manner. — Fr. S.M. iii.^>. 95. Bot. Zeit. 1848, t. 5, /. 1- 6. Fckl.exs.no. 1471. Batt.t.4:Q,f.G.II. Bull. t. 326. Nees.f. 94. Grev. t. 267. FI. Dan . t . 1978, f*. 1. Eng . FI. Y.p. 310. Sow . t. 280. Bisch. f. 3630. Gen. 77. Fig. 122. MYXOGASTRES. 381 On living grass, &c. In its young state having the appearance of a white froth, variable in size. At this period it is quite soft and pulpy, but in a few days it becomes of a firmer texture, the surface begins to scale off, to burst in the centre , and to emit a vast number of dark-coloured globose spores. When the spores have escaped, they are found to have been contained in numerous branched, horn- like, nearly erect, membranaceous folds, resembling irregular, imperfect, divided tubes. — Grev. {Fig. 122.) Gen. 78. PTYCHOGASTER, Ca. Peridium thick, fleshy, snb-stipitate, lamelloso-cel- lulose within, strata irregu- lar fertile and sterile mixed, cells composed of congluti- nated flocci, which are sim- ple and flexuous. Spores simple, acrogenous. — Cor da Ic.ii.p. 24. {Fig. 123.) 1104. Ptychogaster albus. Corda . “White Ptychogaster.” Peridium rounded, soft, white, peduncle spurious, cells flex- uous, unequal ; spores ochrey-clay colour, very minute, ovoid, pellucid, mixed with the continuous flocci. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 1038. Corda. Icon, ii 90. Corda. Anl. t. C. /. 34, no. 7-10. On tke ground, at the roots of firs. Ahoyne, &c. The affinities of this curious plant are doubtful, for it does not appear to be of the creamy consistence of AZthalium in any stage of growth. We have no better opinion, however, to give than that of Corda. Fries seems to think that it is a degeneration of Polyporus destructor.— B. & Br. {Fig. 123.) Gen. 79. DIDERMA, P. Fig. 123. Peridium double, external dis- tinct, crustaceous, smooth ; in- ternal delicate, evanescent, at- tached to the straggling flocci, with or without a columella. — Berk. Outl. p. 306. Fng. FI. v.p. 310. {Fig. 124.) Fig. 124. 382 MYXOGASTBES. A. Stipitate — stem distinct. 1105. Diderma floziforme. P. “ Flower-like Diderma.” Yellowish or whitish ; stem slender, peridium spherical, split- ting in a stellate manner, reflexed ; columella ob-conical ; spores black-brown. — Pers . Syn.p. 164. Fr. S.M. iii.p. 99. Bull t. 371. Eng. FI. v. p. 310. On decaying trunks, &c. Autumn. [Mid. Carolina.] Stems springing from a common thickish membrane. 1106. Diderma umbilicatum. P. “ Umbilicated Diderma.” Whitish, stem obese, peridium sub-rotund, umbilicate beneath, split into lacinise, at length patent ; columella rufescent ; spores purplish -black. — Fr. S.M . iii. 99. FI. Dan. t . 1972,/. 1. Eng. FI. Y.p. 310. On bark of trees, &c. Appin. The columella is very large, white within, resembling strongly the nucleus of JYcemateliu. — Eng. FI. 1107. Diderma citrinum. Fr, “ Lemon Yellow Diderma.” Lemon-yellow ; stem firm, even ; peridium hemispherical, squamulose, dehiscent ; columella spurious ; spores black-brown. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 100. FI. Dan. 1. 1312, /. 1. Eng. FI. Y.p. 310. On leaves of Sphagnum. Aug. — Oct. Inverary. Scattered, each plant adhering by a separate membranaceous base j stem shortish, thickest below, when dry tawny-yellow. Peridium brownish, split- ting irregularly in a stellate manner, covered under a lens with minute roundish white scattered scales. — Eng. FI. B. Stipitate . — stem spurious, somewhat confluent. 1108. Diderma vernicosum. P. “ Varnished Diderma.” Peridia obovate, external thick, bay- brown, shining ; internal yellow ; stem thread-like, short, lax ; spores blackish. — Fr. S.M. iii .p. 102. Dicks, i. t. 3./. 6. Sow. 1. 136. Pers. Ohs. i. t. FI. Dan. 1. 1312,/. 2. Nees.f. 110. Grev. t. 111. Eng. FI. Y.p. 311. Kl. exs. no. 175. On grass, twigs, moss, &c. [Carolina, Maine, U.S.] (Fig. 124, cluster nat. size, peridium magnified.) MYXOGASTRES. 383 1109. Biderma spumarioi&es. Fr . “ Effused Diderma.” Effused, crustaceous, cohering ; peridia subrotund, or irregu- lar ; exterior white ; interior ash-colour, often confluent in a cellulose crust, columella spurious, white, as well as the flocci ; spores black.— Fr. S.M. iii. p. 104. Mich. t. 96,/. 2. Bull. t. 424, /. 2. Sow.t. 280. FI. Dan. 1. 1978,/. 2. Eng.Fl.v.p. 311. On leaves, moss, &c. The specimen before me has obovate-oblong, distinct peridia, stems aris- ing from the hypothallus, a cylindrical central white columella, and flocci of the same colour, mixed with the spores. The stem is entirely formed from the hypothallus and hyaline. — M. J. B. C. Sessile . 3,1X0. Diderma lucidum. B.fyBr. “ Bright Diderma.” Subglobose, sessile, splitting in a somewhat stellate manner, bright reddish yellow, internally yellow, mass of fruit globose, black ; flocci brown, triangular at the points of ramification, and yellowish ; spores globose, black, very minutely echinulate. — B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 938, 1. 15,/. 9. On Jungermannice and moss. Scattered or crowded, peridium subglobose, splitting in an irregular stel- late manner. Spores (*0005 in.) *0125 ra.m. diameter. Smaller than D. vernicosum , in which tJie spores are inclined to be angular, and much paler under the microscope. 1111. Diderma Trevelyani. Fr. “ Trevelyan’s Diderma.” Sessile, ovate or globose ; outer peridium splitting into many regular, linear, subreflexed, lacinise ; inner obsolete ; columella minute; spores black. Fr. S.M. iii.^. 105. Grev.t. 132. Eng. FI. Y.p. 311. On Bryum ligulatum. In specimens communicated to Sowerby by Mr, Trevelyan there is a very short, but distinct cylindrical stem, the peridium at first appears under the lens like a coriander seed, pale-brown, with pallid strise, which indicate the points at which it will split, and perfectly smooth. Within this is a distinct white inner peridium, lining it very closely, and probably in general break- ing off with it. Flocci greyish. I can find no trace of a columella. — M. J. B 1112. Diderma Carmichaelianum. Berk. “Carmichael’s Diderma.” Perfectly sessile, outer peridium brick-red, splitting into many revolute rays, inner white, intimately connected with the outer ; columella large, spores black-brown. — Eng. FI. y.p. 34. 384 MYXOGASTRES. On moss. Appin. The columella resembles that of D . umbilicatum . 1X13. Diderma nitens. Klotsch. “ Shining Diderma.” Applanato-sessile, round, hemispherical, caespitose, outer peri- dium crust-like, silvery white, brittle, inner very thin hyaline, columella none, spores black-brown. — Klotsch . in Hook . Herb. Eng. FI. Y.p. 312. On bark. Appin. 1114. Diderma globosum. Fr. “ Globose Diderma.” Sessile, globoso-hemispherical ; outer peridium white, inner cinereous, columella globose, spores sooty-black. — Fr. S.M. iii. p 106. Mich. t. 96,/. 6. Ball. t. 446,/. 2. Pers. Disp. t. 4, /. 4, 5. Sturm, t. 6. Grev. t. 122. Chev . t . 9,/. 28. Eng. FI. Y.p. 312. Bisch.f. 3629. On dead leaves. Autumn. Common. [United States.] Gregarious, sessile, minute, about a line in diameter, roundish, somewhat depressed, white, or greyish, the outer peridium fragile and evanescent in farinaceous particles ; the inner one also fragile, grey, membranaceous. Columella large, white, roundish. Spores globose dark coloured, intermixed with filaments. — Grev. 1115. Diderma cyanescens. Fr. “ Amorphous Di derma.” Sessile-adnate, sub-rotund, irregular, outer peridium thick, white, inner ash-colour, columella none, flocci and spores black- brown. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 109. Nees.f. 105 ? Eng. FI. v. p. 312. On dead oak leaves. Outer peridium crustaceous, white, like the shell of some small egg, inner peridium in the dry state brownish, except at the base, where it is adnate and rufous.— Eng. FI. 1116. Diderma deplanatum. Fr. “Depressed Diderma.” Sessile, rounded, outer peridium thick, white, inner very thin, hyaline, columella and flocci none, spores black-brown. — Fr . S.M.iii.p. 110. Hoff. F.G. t. 9,/. 2. Eng. FI. Y.p. 312. On dead oak leaves. Appin. When the spores have fallen out, the base within is of a somewhat tawny tinge. There are a few flocci.— Eng. FI. 1117. Diderma contextum. Fr. “Interwoven Diderma. ” Sessile, crowded ; peridia elongated, flexuose, outer lemon- coloured ; inner whitish-yellow, columella none, flocci white, MYXOGASTRES. 385 spores dingy. — Fr.S.M. iii.^. 111. Sturm, t. 39. BerJc. Ann. N.H. no. 109. Bisch.f. 3624. On dead grass, fern, &c. Wothorpe. [United States.] Gen. 80 . DIDYMIUM, Schrad. Fig. 125. Peridium scaly or floc- cose, bursting irregularly. — Berk. Outl.p. 307. (Fig. 125J Inner peridium very delicate ; membranaceous, bursting irregu- larly, externally clothed with the bark like outer peridium, which breaks up into little furfuraceous scales or mealy down. — Eng . FI. v.j?.312. 1118. Didymium melanopus. Fr. “ Black* stemmed Didymium. ” Peridium hemispherical, depressed, erect, farinose, plano-um- bilicate beneath, grey ; stem subulate, black, as well as the columella; spores dingy brown. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 114. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 382. Bisch.f. 3669. On bramble, [United States.] var. / 3 , clavus. Fr. Stem sub striate, peridium farinoso-vil- lous, concave beneath, black. — Ann. N.Ft.no. 110, A. § S,t. 2, On various substances. 1119. didymium haemisphericum. Fr. “Hemispherical Didymium.” Peridium hemispherical, depressed, erect, with a whitish veil, piano -umbilicate beneath; stem short, thick, whitish ; columella obsolete ; spores sooty-black. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 115 . Bull. t. 446, J.l. Sow. t. 12. FI. Dan. 1. 1972, f. 2. On dead twigs, &c. The curious flat subhemispherical peridia, with a broad shallow umbilicus beneath, and the short, dirty-white stem, are characteristic. — Eng. Fl. 1120. Didymium fuxfuraceum. Fr. “ Scurfy Didymium.” Peridium lenticular, cernuous, flocculoso -farinaceous, whitish- cinereous, columella none ; stem whitish, even ; spores blackish. T 5 386 MYXOGASTRES. — Fr. S.M . iii.^>. 116. B. Br . Ann . no. 734. -FZ. Dan. t . 2092,/. 2. On dead leaves (and oak branches ?). [United States.] 1121. Didymium tigrinum. jPr. u Spotted Didymium.” Peridinm lenticular, erect, umbilicate beneath, black, covered with greenish-yellow furfuraceous scales ; stem elongated, yel- lowish, columella brown, spores sooty-black.— Fr. S.M. iii.yn 117. Sclirad. t. 6./. 2, 3. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 383. FI. Dan. 1. 1434, /•!• On decayed wood. [Mid. Carolina.] According to tlie cc Annals ” this species lias been found on mosses and Jungermannise. 1122. Didymium squamulosum. A. fy G. “ Scaly Didymium.” Peridium globose-depressed, umbilicate beneath, cinereous, covered with minute scales of the same colour, stem very short, even, white, columella white, spores brownish-black. — Fr. S.M . iii. p. 118. A. $ S. t. 4./. 5. Eng. FI. y.p. 312. Bisch.f. 3676. Kl. exs. ii. no. 455. On dead leaves, &c. [United States.] 1123. Didymium farinaceum. Fr. “ Mealy Didymium.” Peridium subrotund, very thin, blackish, clothed with cinereous flocculose meal ; stem short, brown-black, as well as the spores. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 119. Hall. t. 48,/. 2. Sow. t. 240. Sclirad. t. 5, f. 6. Eng. FI. Y.p. 313. FI. Dan. t. 2094,/. 1. Kl. exs. no. 423, ii. no. 138. Feld. exs. no. 1461. On dead leaves, &c. [United States.] (Fig. 125.) 1124. Didymium nigripes. Fr. “Black-stemmed Didymium.” Peridium globose, grey from the delicate meal with which it is clothed ; stem elongated, rigid, even, black; columella obso- lete, flocci and spores dingy-brown. — Fr.S.M. iii.j?. 119. Eng. FI. Y.p. 313. Sturm, t. 42. Bisch. f. 3612. Tricilia alba , Purt.no. 1113. On rotten wood. Remarkable for its dark, stiff, bair-like stem. MYXOGASTRES. 387 1125. 3>idymium pertusum. Berk. “ Pierced Didymium.” Scattered ; peridium white, mealy, depresso-globose, deeply but narrowly umbilicate ; stem attenuated upwards, rufous ; colu- mella central, white ; flocci brownish ; spores brown-black. — Eng. Fl.v. p. 313. Berk. Outl.p. 307. On dead herbaceous stems. Appin. This approaches very near to D. xanthopus, but the columella is not truly stipitate, but only apparently so from the great depth of the umbilicus. — M.J.B. 1126. Didymium xanthopus. Fr. “Yellow-stemmed Didymium,” Peridium globose, brown, whitish- pruinose ; stem elongated, even, yellow; columella stipitate, whitish, flocci and spores dingy brown. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 120. Sturm, t. 43. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 111. Bisch. f. 3682. Kl.exs.no. 737. On dead leaves, (ivy &c. N [United States.] (Fig. 126J 1127. Didymium leucopus. Fr. “White-stemmed Didymium.” Minute globoso-depressed, pale glaucous, stem very short, thick, pale, then brownish. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 121 {partly). Grev. FI. Ed. 454. Eng. FI \.p. 313. Fell. exs. no. 1462. On dead beech wood. Autumn. Near Edinburgh. [United States.] Yery minute, of an uncommonly stiff and dwarf aspect, filaments very few. Differs from Link’s P. leucopus only in having a coloured stem. — Grev. Minute, globose, white, stem white, slightly entering the peridium, flocci white. — Fries. 1128. Didymium Sowerheii. Berk. “ Sowerby’s Didymium.” Sub-fasciculate, peridium globose, dark grey, umbilicated be- neath, stem slender, columella white. — Eng. FI. x.p. 313. Sow. t. 412,/. 3. On a decaying bulb in a parlour. London. Fig. 126. 388 MYXOGASTRES. 1129. Didymium lobatum. Wees, “ Lobed Didymium.” Sub-sessile, peridium sub-rotund, or variable, somewhat lobed, black ; clothed with whitish scurf, columella depressed, flocci and spores black-brown. — Fr. S.M. iii.^9. 123. Eng.Fl, v. p. 314. Nees.f. 104. Bisch.f. 3684. FI. Dan . t. 2094,/. 2. On moss. [United States.] 1139. Didyjnium congestum. B. $ Br. “ Crowded Didymium.” Crowded, stems sub-membranaceous, hyaline ; peridia obovate, elongated; spores black, variegated with white flocci. — Ann. N.H. no. 384. FI. Dan. t. 1973,/#. 1, lower jig. On dead leaves, grass, &c. King’s ClifTe. [N. Carolina, U.S.] Forming* crowded patches, very much resembling those of Diachcea elegans . Peridia obovate-oblong, cinerous, with a white mealy coat ; stems hyaline, membranaceous, generally distinct, though crowded, springing from a thin subjacent membrane. Spores black, variegated with the white coarse, irregu- lar, here and there lacunose flocci. The globose spores appear at first sight to be granulated, but on closer inspection the granules are found to arise from the disintegrated outer peridium. — M. J. B. 1131. Didymium daedaleum. B. <% Br. “Spreading Didymium.” Stems short, coalescing ; peridia connate, sinuate, daedaloid, pale reddish brown, as well as the stems, farinaceous ; flocci white, spores purplish-black. — Ann. N.H.no. 385. In a cucumber frame. April. Milton, Norths. Spreading far and wide in little subglobose masses ; stems reddish-brown, inclining to orange, connate, as if composed of a mass of little flat bran-like membranes ; peridia connate, sinuated, forming a daedaloid mass of the same colour as the stem, but sprinkled with white meal, and having to the eye a greyish tinge from the contained spores, which are purplish-black, smooth, and globose, variegated with the white flocci, which are frequently forked, and vary greatly in width, being in parts broad, flat, and membranous. — M.J.B. 1132. Didymmm physaiioides. Fr. “ Black Didymium.” Peridia crowded, subrotund, irregular, black ; covered with a whitish powder, columella none, spores conglobated, blackish. — Fr. S.M. iii.jt?. 125 .Eng.Fl. v. p. 314. Kl. exs. no. 176. On rotten stumps, moss, &c. Appin. [Low Carolina.] MTXOGASTRES. 389 1133. Bidymium cinereum. Fr . u Cinereous Didymium.” Adnate, peridia subglobose, whitish ; clothed with ashy-cine- reous scurf, flocci reticulated, white ; spores black. — Fr . S.M. iii. p. 126. Batsch.f 169. Eng. FI. v.p. 314:. On bark and wood. Appin. [United States.] Springing from white, gelatinous, serpentine threads. Inner peridium very delicate, reflecting prismatic colours : flocci flat, white, irregularly re- ticulated. — Eng. FI. 1134. Bidymium sezpula. Fr. “ Flexuous Didymium.” Flattened ; peridium elongated, creeping, vein-like, flexuose, and reticulated, lead-coloured ; clothed with whitish scurf ; spores compact, black. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 126. Eng. FI. v.p. 314. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1035. Fckl. exs. no. 1463. On leaves. Nov. Dec. Appin, Batheaston. Gen. 81. FHYSAEUM, P. Peridium simple, membranaceous, very delicate, naked, quite smooth, bursting irregularly. Columella none. — Berk. Outl. p. 307. Eng. FI. v.p. 314. (Fig. 127.; Fig. 127. 035. Physarum nutans. P. “ Nodding Physarum.” Peridium lenticular, umbilicate beneath, even, at length sub-squa- mulose, cernuous ; stem subulate, even, brownish, flocci very deli- cate, whitish, spores brownish -black. — Fr. S.M. iii.jo. 128. Eng. FI. v.p. 314. Pers. Syn.p. 203. Bull. t. 407,/. 3, t. 470,/. 1. FI. Dan. t. 2096,/. 1. Bisch.f. 3616. Babh. F.E. no. 40. Fckl. exs. no. 1457. On decayed wood. [United States.] var. ft. viaride. Peridium green. — Eng. FI. v. p. 314. Sturm, t. 24. Bull. t. 407,/. 1. Nees.f. 108. On decayed wood. [United States.] var. y. aureum. Peridium golden-yellow. — Pers. Disp. t. 1,/. 6. Sturm, t. 23. Grev. 1. 124. FI. Dan. t. 2096,/. 2. Fckl. exs. no. 1456. On decayed wood. [United States.] The stem when dry is longitudinally plicate. The flocci appear to be dark unless carefully cleared from the spores. ( Fig . 127, nut. size and enlarged .) 390 MYXOGASTRES. 1136. Physaium bulbifoime. ScJmm. “ Bulb-like Physarum.” Peridium hemispherical, umbilicate beneath, erect, purple- black ; stem attenuated, sulcate, whitish ; flocci and spores brownish-black. — Fr. S.M.m.p. 131. Eng . Fl.v.p. 315. FI. Dan . t. 1974,/. 3. On rotten wood. 1137. Physaium lubiginosum. Chev . “ Rusty Physarum.” Peridium globoso -turbinate, rust-red, as well as the slender even stem ; flocci reticulated, white ; spores black. — Fr. S.M. iii.^. 137. Chev.p. 338. Eng. Fl.v.p. 315. On trunks amongst moss. Appin. The stem penetrates the peridium, but from the close adherence of the coat, notin such a manner as to form an evident umbilicus, nor distinct columella, and it is not paler than the peridium, nor is the hypothallus paler. The upper portion of the peridium is nearly white, as if bleached. — Eng. FI. 1138. Physaium lilacinum. Fr. “ Lilac Physarum.” Crowded ; peridia sessile, obovate, even, lilac, or flesh coloured ; flocci few, white ; spores black. — Fr.S.M. iii.p. 141. B. fy.Br. Ann. N.H. no. 215. On decayed wood. Nov. King’s Cliffe. The only English specimen was found on the smooth bark of a fallen oak twig. 1139. Physaium metallicum. Berk “ Metallic Physarum.” Peridium subglobose, slightly depressed, a line or more in breadth, sessile (not adnate), quite smooth, very delicate, of a most beautiful metallic appearance, bursting irregularly. Flocci and spores pink-grey. — Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 29, t. 3,/. 8. On a decorticated stick. Nov. Clifton, Notts. This most beautiful plant connects Lycogala with Physarum, inconsequence of its bright-coloured sporidia. The peridium is, however, perfectly simple. ~ M.J.B . 1140. Physaium album. Fr. “ White Physarum.” Peridia very delicate, subrotund, depressed, even, whitish ; flocci few, delicate, loose, black, as well as the spores. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 147. Kl.exs.no. 456. Eng. FI. v. p. 316. Lycogala minuta. Grev. t. 40. Fclcl. exs. no. 1459. On various substances. Common. [Low. Carolina.] Sporidia, globose, or sub-elliptic. 1141. Physaium atium. Fr, “ Black Physarum.” Aggregated, crowded, confluent, black, peridia very delicate, MYXOGASTRES. 391 rounded; flocci none, spores black. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 147. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 216. On fallen oak branches. King’s Cliffe. [United States.] Also a much smaller variety on cabbage stalks. Gen. 82. ANGIOH2DIUM, Grey. Peridium membranaceous, opening by a longitudinal fissure ; flocci ad- hering to the peridium on all sides, reticulate, flat, ending above in the inner peridium. — Berk. Outl. p. 308. (Fig. 128.) 1142. Angioridium sinuosum. Grev. “Twisted Angioridium.” Peridia compressed, elongato-flexuose, venulose, whitish, cine- reous, splitting in a labiate manner, flocci capillary, white, re- ticulated, spores black-brown. — Grev. t. 310. Physarum sinuosum. Fr. S.M. iii .p. 145. Eng. FI. v. p. 315. Bull. t. 446,/. 3. Sow t. 6. Pers. Ob. i. t. 1,/. 2. Bisch. f. 3623. Kl. exs. ii. no. 761. Fckl. exs. no. 1466. On various substances. [United States.] Gregarious whitish. Peridium about J in. high, simple, sessile, papyra- ceous, somewhat rigid, fragile, rugulose, varying in form sometimes exactly like a roundish bivalve shell, at others lengthened out at each extremity in a creeping flexuose manner for a £ in. or more, and either simple or divided. It is, however, always erect, and vertically compressed, the summit forming a sharp edge. When mature it bursts longitudinally, the two plates separat- ing at the margin, sufficiently to allow the spores to escape. Spores globose, blackish, forming a compact mass. — Grev. ( Fig. 128.) Gen. 83. BADHAMIA, Berk. Peridium naked or furfur- aceous. Spores in groups en- closed at first in a hyaline sac. — Berk. Outl. p. 308. Linn. Trans, xxi .p. 153. {Fig. 129.) Peridium simple, externally naked, or very rarely subtcmentose, apex at length opening with a lacerated fis- sure, flocci loosely reticulated, affixed to the walls of the peridium, here and there expanded in lamina, frequently triangular. Spores globose, or sub- angular, at first included in a common sac, at length free, conglobato-ad- nate. — M. J. B . Fig. 129. 392 MYXOGASTRES. 1143. Badhamia hyalina. Berk . “ Hyaline Badhamia.” Peridia globose, inflated, very delicate, whitish, stems fas- ciculate, flaccid, ascending, rufous ; flocci white ; spores black. — • Berk. Linn. Trans, xxi. t. 19,/. 3. Physarumhyalinum. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 139. Eng. FI. y. p. 315. Pers. Disp. t. 2,/. 4. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 213. FI. Dan. t. 2093,/. 1. On rotten wood. Appin. Lambley, Notts. [Mid. Carolina.] 1144. Badhamia fulvella. Berk. “ Tawny Badhamia.” Peridia gregarious, sessile, globose, black, invested with a delicate tawny down ; flocci whitish. — Linn. Trans, xxi. p. 154. Ann. N.H. no. 733. On dead wood. East Bergholt, Suffolk. Peridium very thin, black apparently, but yellow when divested of the spores. Gregarious, but not forming distinct patches, sessile, globose, clothed with very delicate, tawny down ; mother-cells (*001 in.) *025 m.m. diameter ; spores f‘0005-*00075 in.) *0125-' 018 m.m., black, forming a com- pact mass. Flocci often swollen in the middle, whitish. The habit is that of a Didymium rather than of a Physarum. 1145. Badhamia pallida. Berk. “ Pallid Badhamia.” Peridia sessile, depressed, sub-lentiform, crowded here and there, or scattered, pallid-yellow ; flocci yellow ; spores large ; granulate ; central vesicle large. — Berk. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. p. 153, £.19,/. 2. Ann. N.H. no. 732. On decayed oak branches. March. East Bergholt. At first exhibiting more or less effused cream-coloured patches, which gradually assume a yellow tinge, and from which arise a few irregular groups of yellow depressed peridia, some of which are confluent, somewhat wrinkled. Flocci evidently continued from the peridium, and of the same colour, branched, forming triangular spaces at the origin of the branches. Mother cells *05 m.m. (*00175-*002 in.) diameter, spores slightly granulated, (.0005- *0008 in.) *0127-*02 m.m. long, attached to a large central vesicle. The peri- dium consists of a membrane, rough with very minute granules, which be- come more dense where the flocci are produced. Tn old specimens the patches assume an olive tinge. 1146. Badhamia nitens. Berk. “ Shining Badhamia.” Peridia subsessile, depressed, crowded, shining yellow, flocci yellow ; spores externally strongly echinulate. — Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. p. 153. t. 19,/. 1. Ann. N.H. no. 731. MYXOGASTRES. 393 On decayed oak branches. Feb. East Bergholt, Suffolk. Forming little crowded orbicular patches, consisting of depressed sub-lenti- forrn peridia of a bright persistent yellow, perfectly sessile, at length burst- ing above and dispersing their dark spores, so as to forma border resembling the stains produced by the sporidia of Sjphceria inquinans . Flocci yellow, broad. Spores at first contained in a common vesicle, which bursts or is absorbed, and exposes them in the form of little globose branches, often supported by an articulated thread, strongly echinulate, externally smooth towards the common axis. Mother cells *025-'04m.m. (*001-‘00175 in.) diameter ; spores p0004-’0005 in.) *01-‘0125 m.m. 1147. Badhamia utricular is. Berk. “ Steel-blue Badhamia,” Peridia oblong, inflated, very delicate, steel-blue, when empty whitish ; stems sub-adnate, flaccid, yellowish ; flocci white ; spores black. — Berk. Linn. Trans, xxi. p. 153. Physarum utricular e. Fr. S.M. iii. j9. 139. Bull, t . 417,/. 1. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 214. FI. Dan. t. 2093,/. 2. On wood. King’s Cliffe. 1143. Badhamia inauiata. Curr. “ Bright yellow Badhamia.” Gregarious ; peridia sessile, globose, or nearly so, bright yel- low, in. across, covered with floccose yellow scales, opening by irregular fissures ; sporidia subglobose, very minutely punc- tate, enclosed at first in hyaline sacs.— Curr. Linn. Trans, xxiv. t. 25./. 8. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1034. On Jungermannia. Oct. Paul’s Cray Common. Spores (‘0004-*0006 in.) *01-'015 m.m. Gen. 84. CHATEBSUM, Trent. Peridium simple, papyrace- ous, rigid, persistent, closed at first with a decided operculum. Flocci congested, erect. — Berk. Outl.p. 308. Eng. FI. \.p. 316. ’ Fig. 130. 394 MTXOGASTRES. * Operculum distinct, chalky. 1149 . Craterium pedunculatum. Trent . “ Stalked Craterium.” Peridium cyathiform, subcernuous, chestnut, operculum firm, chalk- white ; stem elongated, even, saffron-yellow ; spores black. — Fr. SM. iii. p. 150. Eng. Fl.r.p. 316. Mich . t. 86,/. 13. Hoffm. Cr. t. 2,/. 2. Sturm, iii. t. 9. Nees.f. 120. Chev. t. 4,/. 26. Bisch.f. 3666. Kl. exs. ii. no. 139. Feld . exs. no. 1453. On mosses, sticks, leaves, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] Gregarious, stems capillary, equal, even, shining, base adnate to a very delicate, membranaceous, whitish hypoth alius, soon vanishing. Peridium cup-shaped, somewhat nodding, dark bright brown ; operculum plane, orbi- cular, seated below the prominent margin $ flocci white ; spores black, glo- bose. (Fig. 130.) 1150 . Craterium pyriforme. Ditm. u Pear-shaped Craterium. n Peridium pyriform, nearly erect, ochraceous, as well as the short even stem; operculum firm, chalk-white; spores black. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 150. Sturm. 1. 10. Bisch.f. 3667. Pay.f. 578. Fchl. exs. no. 1454. On bark. Appin. Constantly differing from C. pedunculatum in the form and colour of the peridium, and in the shorter stem. Peridium generally contracted above. * * Operculum circumscissile, parting from the peridium. 1151 . Craterium minutum. Fr. “ Little Craterium. , ’ Peridium pyriform, erect, yellowish ; operculum convex, of the same colour ; stem short, even, rufescent ; spores black. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 151. Eng. FI. Y.p. 316. Bull. t. 484, f. 1. Cy- athus minutus. Sow. t. 239. On moss leaves, &c. Common. Stem short, rather firm, equal, even, purplish expanding into the peri- dium, hypothallus orbicular, brownish ; peridium always erect, pyriform, rufous, then yellow, apex at first rounded; operculum convex circumscis- sile, of the same colour, growing whitish. This is the commonest species. *** Operculum very delicate, evanescent. 1152 . Craterium leucocephalum. Ditm. “White-headed Craterium.” Peridium turbinate, erect, bright brown, growing pale, oper- culum very thin, evanescent ; stem striate, bay ; flocci white ; MYXOGASTEES. 395 spores black. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 153. Eng . Fl.v. p. 316. Mich. t. 86, /. 14. Grev. t . 65. Gyathus cinereus. Part . £. 35. Hoffm . F7. 9. Z. 6,/. 1. JF7. Dan. t . 1314,/. 2. Sturm . £. 11. Biscli.f. 3665. On various substances. [United States.] Hypothallus, or orbicular spot, bay, soon obsolete; peridium top-sbaped, at first bay, then becoming paler, yellowish, or whitish-mealy with age. 1153. Csraterium mutabile. Fr. “ Changeable Craterium.” Peridium sub-rotund, or turbinate, lacerated, erect ; base, and short striate stem, golden-yellow, flocci yellowisb ; spores black. Fr. S.M. iii.y?. 154. Eng. FI. v. p. 316. FI. Dan. t. 2087,/. 2, Fckl. exs . no. 1455. On bark, moss, &c. July. Aug. Appin. Peridium continuous, with the striate stem obovate above, and lacerated, at length more open and cup-shaped; scarcely any true operculum; stem short, thick, equal, or dilated upwards, sulcate. Colour of the whole fungus golden-yellow, the peridium at length becoming paler. Gen. 85. BIACHiEA, Fr. Peridium very delicate, simple, falling off in fragments. Capillitium, sub-reticulate, springing from a grumous pallid columella. — Ber/c. Outl. p. 308. {Fig. 131.) 1154. Diachaea elegans. Fr. “Elegant DiachEea.” Hypothallus persistent; peridium ovato-oblong, deciduous, violet or steel-blue; stem attenuated, thick, shorter than the peridium, white. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 156. BerJc. Ann. N.H. no. 112. Bull.t.bQ2,f. 2. Corda. Ic. v. /. 38. Pay. f. 582. Kl. exs. no. 1229. Fckl. exs. no. 1451. On dead leaves, &c. King’s Cliffe. [United States.] (Fig. 131.) HYXOGASTRES. 396 Gen . 86, STEMONITIS, Gled. Peridium very delicate, simple, evanescent. Capillitium reticulate, springing from the dark penetrating stem. — Berk . Outl.p. 308. Eng . FL Y.p. 317. (Fig. 132.) 1155. Stemonitis fusca. Both. “ Brown Stemonitis.” Fasciculate, hypoth alius persis- tent, peridia very fugacious, cylin- drical, as well as the capillitium; spores black-brown. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 157. Eng. FI. v. p. 317. Nees.f. 118. Grev. 1 . 170. Mich. t. 94, /. 1. Ehr. S.B. f. 5. Jacq. Misc. ii. 1. 15. FI. Dan. t. 659,/. 1 , t. 2016, /. 2. Bischjf. 3661. Kl. exs . ii. no. 457. Fckl. exs. no. 1449. Trichia nuda. Sow. t. 50. Bolt. t. 93,/. 1. On rotten wood. Common. [United States.] (Fig. 132.) Fig. 132. 1156. Stemonitis ferxuginea. Bhrb. “ Rusty Stemonitis.” Fasciculate, hypothallus persistent, peridia fugacious, cylin- drical as well as the capillitium ; spores reddish, then ferrugi- nous.— .Fr. S.M. iii .p. 158. Bull. t. 477 ,/. 1. Ehr. S.B.f. 6 A.B. FI. Dan . t. 2016. /. 1. Bisch . /. 3704. Pay.f. 580. Fckl . exs . no. 1448. On old stumps. [United States.] Similar to the foregoing, but the spores are much smaller, and of a dif- ferent colour. MYXOGASTRES. 397 1157. Stemonitis typhoides. JD.C. “Club-mace Stemonitis.” Gregarious, hypothallus evanescent, peridia fugacious, capil- litium and spores brownish. — Fr.S.M. iii. p. 158. Mich. t. 94, /. 2. FI. Dan. t. 216. Schceff. £.297 . Batsch. t. 30,/. 176. Bull. t. 477, /. 2. Ehr. S.B.f.7 . Ann.N.H . no. 113. Kl. exs. no. 923. Fckl. exs. no. 1450. On rotten wood. [Low & Mid. Carolina.] 1158. Stemonitis ovata. P. “ Ovate Stemonitis.” Scattered, peridium very fugacious, ovate, steel-blue, capilli- tium purplish, spores brown ; stem semi-penetrating. — Fr. S.M . iii.jo. 160. Kl.exs.no. 1132. Eng. FI. v. p. 317. Fckl.exs.no. 1446. Tricliia alba. Sow. t. 259. On rotten wood. [United States.] 1159. Stemonitis obtusata. Fr. “ Obtuse Stemonitis.” Scattered, peridium globose, fugacious, blackish ; capillitium black-brown, stem slightly penetrating. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 160. Eng. FI. v.p. 317. FI. Dan. t. 2091,/. 2. On wood. Apethorpe, Norths. [United States] At first white, then ruddy brown. 1160. Stemonitis pulchella. Bab. “Beautiful Stemonitis.” Very minute, hypothallus brownish; peridia scattered, evan- escent ; stem rather short, incrassated below, not reaching the apex ; capillitium purplish, ovate-oblong, scarcely ventricose ; spores purplish brown. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 217, t. 12, /. 11. Bab. Abst. Linn . Trans. 1839. On Pteris aquilina. Sept. Leicestershire. Extremely minute, not 1 line high, scattered, with a transparent born- brown hypothallus; peridium extremely evanescent; stem vanishing a little below the apex, giving off filaments on every side ; the free part rather short, smooth, dark, slightly incrassated below, capillitium ovato-oblong, purplish-brown ; spores purple-brown. — M. J. B. 1161. Stemonitis physarioides . A. & S. “Coppery Stemonitis. ’ Peridium globose, obtuse, persistent, silvery, at length torn, capillitium sub-compact black-brown, stem long, semi-penetrat- 398 MYXOGASTEES. in g, brown-black. — Fr. S.M. iii.^. 162. Sow . t. 412 ? /. 3. A. S. t. ii.f. 8. B. Br. Ann . N.H. no, 386. On mossy stumps. Northamptonshire. [Carolina, Ohio, U. S.] ({ Our specimens have a beautiful coppery tinge.” — B. 6a Br. 1162. Stemonitis violacea. P. “ Violet Stemonitis.” Peridium lenticular, steel-blue, fugacious, umbilicate beneath; capillitium whitish, lax, spores blackish, stem short semi -pene- trating. — Fr. S.M. iii./>. 162. B Br. Ann. N.H. no. 387. On moss. Common. 1163. Stemonitis arcyxioides. Somm. “ Violet Stemonitis.” Peridium globose, violaceous steel-blue, base somewhat per- sistent, capillitium globose ; spores brownish ; stem short, semi- penetrating. — Fr. S.M. iii.p. 162. Ann. N.H. no. 114. FcJcl. exs. no. 1447. On dead laurel leaves, &c. Gen . 87. ENERTHENEMA, Bowm. Peridium very delicate, simple, evan- escent, except at the apex, where it is ad- nate with the dilated top of the penetrat- ing dark stem. Capillitium dependent, attached to the dilated disc. Spores sur- rounded by a cyst. — Bowm. Linn. Trans. xvi.p. 151. B. . 178. Eng. FI. v. p. 318. Mich. t. 94,/. 2. Pm?. 05s. 1, t. 5,/. 4-5. Sturm, t. 44. Pc&Z. e#s. 1442. TU/ Ami. Nc. AaZ. (1862) xvi. 1. 16, /. 8-9. Bisch. f. 3663. FI. Dan. t. 2090, /. 1. Schnizl. f. 34-35. On rotten wood. [United States ] Smaller than A. punicea , and more shortly stipitate. In that the peridium is venose, in this veiuless. — Eng. FI. {Fig. 136.) 1172. Arcyria cinerea. Sclmm. 11 Grey Arcyria.” Gregarious, peridia stipitate, globoso-ovate, cinereous ; capil- litium ovato-cylindrical, glaucous, as well as the spores. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 180. Eng. FI. v. p. 318. Bull. t. 477 ,/. 3. Pers.Disp . t. 1./. 2. FI. Dan. t. 1975,/. 1. Wig. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1862) xvi. t. 16,/. 10-12. Fckl. exs. no. 1440. On wood. Appin. [United States.] 1173. Arcyria nutans. Fr. “ Nodding Arcyria.” Crowded ; peridia cylindrical, capillitium very long, nodding ; dirty yellow, as well as the spores. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 180. Eng. FI. Y.p. 319. Bull. t. 502,/. 3. Wig. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1862) xvi. t. 16,/. 13-15. Fckl. exs. 1339. Trichia nutans. Sow. Z. 260. Purt. t. 24:, f. 1. Arcyria flava. Grev. t. 309. FI. Dan. t. 2017,/. 1. Kl. exs. no. 421. On rotten wood. [United States.] 1174. Arcyria umhrina. Schum. “ Umber Arcyria.” Gregarious, peridia stipitate, ovate, umber, capillitium ovate, erect, ochraceous, as well as the spores. — Fr. S.M. iii. p 181. FI. Dan. t. 1975,/. 1. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 389. On decayed wood. Wothorpe, Norths. [United States ] 1175. Arcyria ochroleuca. Fr. 11 Ochrey Arcyria.” Scattered ; peridia substipitate, globose, yellow ; capillitium ovate, erect, pallid-ochraceous, as well as the spores. — Fr. S.M. u 402 MYXOGASTRES. iii.^9. 181. Sturm, t.S. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 115. Wig. Ann Sc . Nat. (1862) xvi. 1. 16,/. 16. Bisch.f. 3692. On decayed wood. Collyweston, Norths. [Mid. Carolina.] Gen. 91. OPHIOTHECA, Curr. Peridinm simple, bursting longi- tudinally. Capillitium twofold, one consisting of delicate hyaline threads, to which the spores are attached; the other of echinulate, thicker, branched filaments. — Curr. Quart. Journ. Micr. ii. p. 240. Berk. Outl. p. 310. (Fig. 137.) 1176. Ophiotheca chrysospezma. Curr. “ Currey’s Ophiotheca.” Peridium irregular, more or less serpentine, brownish. Fertile threads delicate transparent, barren threads somewhat reticulated, minutely den- ticulate, here and there swollen ; spores yellow, elliptic, pointed at each end. — Curr. Micr. Journ. (1854), ii. p. 240, t.ix.f. 1-5, vol. v.p. 131. On inner bark of a dead tree, (Fig. 137.) Fig. 137. Gen. 92. TRICHXA, Hall. Fig. 138. /. 2. Chev. t. 9,/. 24. Peridium simple, persistent, mem- branaceous, bursting irregularly above. Threads spiral. — Berk. Outl. p. 310. Eng. FI. Y.p. 319. ( Fig . 138/ 1177. Taricha arubifoarmis. P. “ Reddish Trichia.” Fasciculate, peridia turbinato- cylindrical, steel-blue ; stems short, confluent, red-brown, capillitium and spores purplish-red. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 183. Hall. t. 48, /. 5. Batsch. f. 172. Bull. t. 502,/. 1 ? Pers. Disp. t. 4,/. 3, 1 . 1./. 3. Nees,f. 112. FI. Dan. 1 . 1365, Fckl. exs. no. 1438. Wig. Ann. Sc. Nat. MYXOGASTRES. 403 (1862), xvi. t. 15,/. 12. Gurr. Micr . Journ. iii. t. 2,/. 5, 6. Trichia Neesiana . Corda.f. 288. J.ww. A. 27. wo. 218. Bisch.f. 3664. On dead wood. Apethorpe. [United States.] Most usually fasciculate, individuals sometimes solitary. Stems often very short, rubiginous, when confluent unequally sulcate, attenuated up- wards. Peridia of a beautiful steel-blue, reddish, bay, &c., shining, nearly cylindrical, apex obovate, very obtuse, somewhat circumscissile, even, rugu- lose below. Capillitium elongated, echinulate, bright purplish-red. as well as the spores. 1178. Trichia pyriformis. Iloffm. u Pear-shaped Trichia.” Subfasciculate, peridia turbinato-pyriform, blackisb-red, stems subelongated, tawny, capillitium saffron-tawny, as well as the spores. — Fr. S. M. iii.p. 184. Iloffm . Cr. 1. 1,/. 1. Eng. FI. v.p. 319. Pers. Ic.Pict. t. 12,/. 1, 2. Gurr . Micr. Journ. iii. t. 2,/. 9, 10. Sphcerocarpus fragilis. Sow.t . 279. Purt. t.2A y f. 3. Wig. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1862), xvi. 1 . 14,/. 12, 13. Kl. exs . no. 1026, 1632. Fell. exs. no. 1437. On rotten stumps. [United States.] Stems racemoso-connate, often elongated, sometimes short, occasionally scattered and simple, with a membranaceous hypothallus. Peridia usually even, blackish-red, then bay-colour, sometimes with a ruddy tinge, opaque, oblong by mutual pressure, but in solitary individuals rounded. Threads very long, slender, echinulate. 1179. Trichia Ayresii. P. & Br. “ Ayres’ Trichia.” Crowded ; peridia obovate, tawny- chestnut, shining ; stems very short, connate ; capillitium strongly echinulate, tawny saffron-yellow, as well as the spores. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 390. On decayed wood. Oxfordshire. Forming crowded masses. Peridia obovate, shining, of a bright tawny chestnut. Elaters of the capillitium thicker than in T. 'pyriformis , and strongly echinulate, tawny ; spores globose, tawny. 1180. Trichia I«ormseriana. Ca. “ Ribbed Trichia.” Subsolitary, stem long, dirty brown colour, flexuous, longitu- dinally ribbed with acute angular ridges, peridium turbinate or ovate, even above, smooth, pallid, irregularly ruptured in an operculate manner. Threads yellow, short, smooth ; spores tetrahedral, yellow, diaphanous. — Gorda. Icon. i./. 288c£. Currey. Quart. Jour. Micr. v.p. 129. 404 MYXOGASTRES. On wood. Jan. Weybridge. Distinguished by the acutely fluted, long flexuous stem. 11 Spiral threads simple and detached, short, very pale yellow, with very delicate markings, each extremity of the thread tapering gradually to a very long thin point, the spiral markings not extending into the narrow extremities of the threads.’’ — Curr. 1181 . Trichia serotina. Schrad . “ Late Trichia.” Scattered ; peridium obovate, bay ; stem brown, even ; capil- litium and spores yellowish. — Fr. S.M.Wi.p. 184. Fng. Fl.Y.p. 310. Schrad. Jour. 1779, t. 3,/, 2. FI. Dan. t. 1680,/. 2. Fchl. exs. no. 1436. On rotten wood. Appin. Bristol. [United States.] 1182. Trichia fallax. P. ‘ 1 Irregular Trichia.” Gregarious, peridia turbinate, at first yermillion-red, then clay- colour, plaited below as well as the stem, capillitium dusky- oebre, as also are tbe spores. — Fr. S. M. m.p. 185. Eng. FI.y . />. 319. Schmid. Ic. t. 33,/. 1. Bull. t. 417,/. 2. Pers. Obs. i. t. 3,/. 4, 5. Nees.f. 113. FI Dan. t. 467 ,/. 2, t. 2088 ,/. 3. Jacq.Aust.t. 299. Wig. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1862), xvi. 1. 14,/. 14, 15. Bisch.f. 3674. Kl. exs. no. 931. Fchl. exs. no. 1435. On rotten wood. [United States.] Peridium at first globose, when adult top-shaped, even above and thin, circumscissile, firm below and plicate, as well as the stem. Colour dark and dusky yellow, sometimes shining, sometimes opaque. Spores ovate. When young of a beautiful vermillion-red, which, when dried prematurely, it some- times retains, though often assuming a black hue. 1183. Trichia clavata. P. “ Clavate Trichia.” Gregarious ; peridium obovate, yellow, shining, even ; stem rugose, of the same colour, capillitium and spores ochraceous. — Fr. S.M. iii.p. 186. Eng. FI. Y.p. 320. Sturm, t. 25. Moug . exs.no. 284. Wig. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1862), xvi. t . 15, /. 1-3. FI. Dan.t. 2089,/. 1. Bisch.f. 3668. Fchl. exs. no. 1434. T. pyri - formiSj Sow. t. 400,/. 6. On decayed wood. [United States.] Stem constantly present, but variable, sometimes long and sometimes short, rugose, attenuated downwards, of the same colour as the peridium, or rufescent at the base. Peridium rather large, usually even, deb isciug irre- gularly ; the lower part, which has a shining, transparent, skinny appear- ance, remains when the capillitium and spores have vanished, and in this state resembles a Craterium. - “ The threads form an extensive complicated capillitium, in which it is rarely, if ever, possible to trace a single thread from one extremity to the other, and their colour is darker than in T. cerina. The markings also are strongly defined.” — Curr . MYXOGASTRES. 405 1184. Trichia cerina. Ditm. “Waxy Trichia,” Solitary, peridium egg-shaped, olivaceous wax-colour ; stem elongated, dingy, spores globose, and as well as the threads of the colour of the peridium. — Sturm, i. t. 25. Curr. Quart. Jour. Micr . v. p. 127. Trich. clavata j3. olivaceus. Fr . S.M. iii. p. 186. On decayed wood. Sept. Near Swansea. The threads are pale- coloured, and taper gradually to a very thin point at each extremity; the spiral markings are very delicate, and the tnreads them- selves are simple, detached from one another, and of a definite and moderate length. — Curr. ** Goniospora . 1185. Trichia nigripes. P. “ Black-stemmed Trichia. ” Gregarious, peridia variable in form, even, yellowish, stem very short, blackish, capillitium and spores ochraceous-yellow.- — Fr. S.M. iii. 186. Bull . t . 417, /. 2. Pers. Ic. fy Des. i. 14,/. 8. FI. Dan. t. 1318,/ 2. Mich. t. 96, /. 4. Curr. Quart. Jour. Micr. y.p. 128 — iii. t. 2, /. 4. Wig. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 1. 15,/. 5-6. Kl. exs. no. 1025. Fckl. exs . no. 1433. On rotten wood. Kent and Surrey. [United States.] Threads rather short and obtusely pointed, smooth, slightly constricted be- tween the spirals. 1186. Trichia turbinata. With. “ Top-shaped Trichia.” Crowded; peridia obovate, sessile, even, ochraceous-tan colour, capillitium and spores ochre. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 187. Eng. FI. v. p. 320. Hall. t. 48, /. 7. FI. Dan. 1. 1313, /. 1. Sow.t.8 5. Kl. exs. no. 762. Wig. Ann . Sc. Nat. (1862) xvi. 1. 15, /. 6. Clathrus turhinatus. Bolt. t. 94./. 3. On rotten wood. Common. [United States.] 1187. Trichia chrysosperma. D.C. “ Yellow-spored Trichia.” Crowded, peridia rounded, subsessile, cinnamon yellow, See Berk. Introd. p. 315. A . — Growing on dead or dying plants. Subcutaneous. Perithecium more or less distinct . Perithecium obsolete or wanting . Superficial. Fructifying surface naked. Spores compound or tomiparous 5.— Parasitic on living plants . Peridium distinctly cellular Peridium none. Spores subglobose, simple, or deciduous Spores mostly oblong, usually septate Spheeronemei. Melanconiei. Torulacei. JEcidiacei. Cceomacei . Puccinicei . \ Order XII . SPHJER ONEMEI. Perithecium more or less distinct, free, or erumpent ; spores basal or parietal, simple, or septate, sometimes oozing out by the contraction of the perithecial walls. — Berk. Introd. p. 330. The structure of a greater part of them is much the same ; an obscurely developed perithecium, minute sporophores, and microscopic spores. It is quite certain that a large portion of the so-called species of Phoma , Leptos- troma , Diplodia, Hendersonia , Cytispora , Septoria , &c , are mere cases of dua- lism. All, indeed, are interesting, so far as ascertained dualism is con- cerned, or as far as there may be a prospect of showing that they are the ^ spermatogonia or pycnidia of ascophorous species.— M. J.B. A .— Spores oozing out in tendrils. Perithecia delicate, simple. Distinct. # Spores uniseptate or simple . . . Ascochyta. ^^> 3 Spores with a row of sporidiola . . Darluca . Seated on discoloured spots. Spores ovoid or oblong . . . Phyllosticta* S~ SPHiERONEMEI. 415 At length fissured. Spores more or less globose . Perithecia more or less incorporated. . Spores oblong or thread-shaped . Perithecia compound, or irregular. Spores curved B. — Spores oozing out in a globule. Perithecia variable. Spores minute C. — Spores not oozing out in globules or tendrils, Perithecia carbonaceous. With a papillate ostiolum. Spores minute Perforated. Spores simple Spores uniseptate Spores multiseptate .... Spores fasciculate, fusiform . Fissured. Spores simple, obovate . . . . Cup-shaped, dimidiate Cylindrical. Spores long, flexuous . . . . Perithecia bristly. Mouthless, thin. Spores vermiculate . . . . Excipuliform. Spores attenuated . Spores aristate Spores concatenate . . . . Perithecia membranaceous. Not flattened. Bursting irregularly. Spores simple Bursting longitudinally. Spores uniseptate on branched sporo- phores Opening with a pore. Spores simple Spores filiform appendiculate. Always covered. Spores fusiform Spores crested . . . . . More or less flattened. Breaking off at the base. Spores simple, minute . Spores cylindrical, oblong Spores septate, aristate Opening irregularly. Spores curved Gaping and innate. Spores simple, linear , Irregular and wrinkled. Spores minute Spores large, obovate . , . . More or less radiating. Spores simple, fusiform Cheilaria . Septoria. Cytispora . Spkceronema. ffC'Z// Aposphceria . ^2.-4 Sphceropsis. If X4 Diplodia. q Hender sonia. ^ Prosthemium. sf-&? Qlinterinm . Rabenhorstia. Jf £ j Acrospermum. Vermicularia. H 3%, Excipula. Dinemasporium. Myxormia. VS9 Coniothyrium. • L //^ P Cystotricha. V6 4 Phoma. /// ^ Dilophospora. Cryptosporium. Neottiospora. ^ g- y Leptostroma. 4 / 1> Leptothyrium . ^ Discosia, ^f3. 598. Eng. FI. v.^.297. Fckl.exs.no, 186. Kl. exs. no. 383. On leaves of Carices. [United States.] Fig. 149. SPHJEPONEMEX. 417 The peritheoium is extremely thin, and it leaves, when fallen off, a pale brown spot, surrounded by a little raised line. Other less perfectly defined spots, but of the same size, accompany the perfect plant, which are either old worn individuals, or an imperfectly developed state ; occasionally in the centre of these there is a white spot —M.J. B . {Fig. 149.) Leptostroma juncinum, Fr. (Berk. exs. no. 197) is undoubtedly the sty- losporous condition of Dothidea junci. ' Leptostroma filicinum, Fr. ( Cooke exs. no. 334) is an incomplete condi - tion of Dothidea filicina Fr. Leptostroma vulgare, Fr. is an imperfect state of Hysterium commune , Fr. 1207. Xieptostroma litigiosum. Desm. “Minute fern Leptostroma.’ ’ Perithecia somewhat rounded, very minute, punctiform, scat- tered or clustered together, brown-black, sub-opaque, at length wholly seceding. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1843, xix.^. 338. Moug. exs. no. 673. Cooke exs. no. 335. On dead Pteris aquilina. [Low & Mid. Carolina.] Much smaller than L. filicinum. Probably a condition of some ascigerous fungus. 1203. Iieptostioma spirese. Fr. “Meadow-sweet Leptos- troma.” Conglomerate, connate, irregular, rugose, shining grey within, at length separating entirely at the base. — Eng . FI. v.p. 298. CooJce exs. no. 333. Berk. exs. no. 46. On dead stems of Spiraea ulmaria . Spring. Common. [Low. Carolina.] Gen. 104. PHOMA, Fr. 9 0 0 Fig. 150. Perithecium punctiform or subglobose, often spurious, or incorporated with the matrix, discharging the minute simple spores by a small orifice at the apex. Spores mostly hyaline. — Berk. Outl.p . 314. {Fig. 150.) Probably none of the species are autonomous, but they must he retained under this genus until satis- factorily referred to the higher forms to which they respectively belong. 418 SPHiERONEMEI. Sect 1. Chlorosporce — spores slightly coloured. 1209. Phoma concentricum. Desm. “ Concentric Phoma.” Spots rounded, whitish, surrounded by a brown band, pseudo- perithecia numerous, concentrical, black, opaque ; spores copious, yery minute, subglobose. — Desm. Ann. S.N. xiii.^. 189. Berk . Ann. N.H. no. 197. Depazea Agaves , Mont. Ann. Sc. Nat. i. y>.344. Common on leaves of Yucca . [Low. Carolina.] Having the appearance of a Phyllosticta or Depazea. Spores (*005 m.m.) *00019 in. 1210. Phoma hedezae. Desm. “ Ivy Phonm.” Covered, black ; spores hyaline, subglobose. — Desm. exs. no . 850. Eng. FI. v.p. 284. Berk.exs.no. 90. Fr. El. ii.y>. 119. Sphceropsis Hederce. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1846. Y.p. 296. On small dead shoots of ivy. Covered with the blackened epidermis, which is pierced with a ragged, round, or linear orifice. Spores blackish, not truly globose. — M. J. B. Sect. 2. Hyalosporce — spores hyaline. 1211. Phoma asteriscus. Berk. “ Starry Phoma.” Unilocular, convex, pitch-brown, margin nebulose, spores ob- long, sub-elliptic. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 394. On dead stems of Heracleum. Nov. Forming little pitch-brown, rather convex dots, with a paler cloudy nar- row border. Mass of spores surrounded by a dark cellular stratum, consist- ing of hexagonal cells, confused with the matrix, but scarcely presenting a definite perithecium. Spores narrow-oblong, sub-elliptic, but by no means filiform. — B. & Br. 1212. Phoma nothum. Berk. “ Bastard Phoma,” Perithecia spurious, here and there elevated below, spores obovate. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 395. On dead plane twigs. Feb. Pustules slightly raised ; perithecia spurious, orbicular, the base protrud- ing here and there into their cavity. Spores obovate, rather pointed at the narrow extremity.' — B. & Br . 1213. Phoma lingam. Desm. “ Cabbage Phoma.” Gregarious ; perithecia irregular, convex, soon depressed and concave, rugose, black. Spores small, oblong, with a sporule at each extremity. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1849 ), xi. ^.281. Desm. SPHiERONEMEI. 419 exs. no. 1877. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 395.* Sphceria lingam , Tode.f. 46. Fr. S.M. ii.^. 507. On old cabbage stalks. Spores about (‘005 m.m.) *00019 in. 1214. Fhoma xadula. B. $ Br. “ Rasp-like Phoma.” Peritbecia delicate, broadly conical ; spores oblong-elliptic. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 396. On dead twigs of plane. Feb. Sprinkled over the twigs, which renders it rough, like a little rasp or grater ; epidermis split on each perithecium ; perithecia delicate, composed of sub-hexagonal cells; spores minute, oblong-elliptic, with a sporule at either extremity, rarely an additional sporule in the centre. — B.&Br. 1215. Phoma deparessum. B.fyBr. “ Depressed Phoma.” Perithecia spurious, much depressed above, stroma slightly thickened, olivaceous ; spores oblong-elliptic. — B. . mutila. —M.J.B. 1261. Diplodia caespitosa. B. $ Br. “Caespitose Diplodia.” Caespitose, black; perithecia globose, ostiolum papillaeform; spores oblong. — B. fy Br. Ann. N. H. no. 409. On twigs of ivy. King’s Cliffe. Bursting in little black tufts through the cuticle ; perithecia globose, black ; spores pale-yellow, hyaline, oblong, with a broad distinct border ; endochrome simple, without any distinct nuclei. — B.&Br. 1262. Diplodia vulgaxis. Lev. “ Common Diplodia.” Perithecia globose, innate, gregarious,covered with the cracked epidermis ; ostiola prominent ; contents white ; spores bilocular. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. May 1846, p. 291. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 410. CooJce exs. no. 340. On twigs of various trees. [United States.] (Fig 157.) 1263. Diplodia hexbaxuxn. Lev. “ Herbaceous Diplodia.” Caulicolous, erumpent, gregarious, perithecia oblong, convex, black, then irregularly depressed ; spores oblong, uniseptate, con- tracted slightly at the septum, brown. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1846) y.p. 292. Sporocadus herharum. Corda iii. /. 63. Cooke exs. no. 339. On stems of herbaceous plants. Common. 432 SPHiEEONEMEI. Sometimes scattered, commonly gregarious, often in lines beneath, the cuticle, erumpent. Numerous species have already been described of this genus, which is doubtless but a condition of higher forms. The fruit differs so slightly in the species on different herbaceous stems, that we hesitate to characterise them as distinct. 2.264. Diplodia ilieicola. Desm. 1 ‘ Holly- twig Diplodia.” Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1838, x.p. 311. Desm . exs. no. 988. BerJc. Ann. N.H. no. 206, 1. 11,/. 7. On dead holly twigs. We have seen no published character of this species. 1265. Diplodia viticola. Desm. “ Yine-twig Diplodia.” Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1838, x. p. 311. Desm. exs. no. 989. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 207. Fckl. exs. no. 541. On vine branches. King’s Cliffe. [Low. Carolina.] We have met with no published character of this species. 1266. Diplodia paupeicula. B.fyBr. “ Plane-twig Diplodia.” Perithecia at first covered, at length free, globose, with a pro- minent mouth ; spores small, uniseptate. — B. . 120. Bell. Cat. Crypt. Nam. no. 333. Cooke. Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97. Cooke exs.no. 142. Fckl.exs.no. 513. Ascochyta lysi- machice. Lib. exs. no.ttZ. On leaves of Lysimachia nummular ia. 1337. Septoria castanaecola. Desm. “ Chestnut-leaf Septoria.” Amphigenons ; spots tawny, indeterminate ; perithecia on the under surface, brownish-black, minute, numerous, somewhat in- nate, pierced with a terminal pore ; tendrils whitish ; sporidia elongated, slender, curved. — Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, viii.^. 26. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97 . Cooke exs. no. 129. Fckl.exs.no. 508. Kl. exs. no. 1957. Cooke, L. F. no. 68. On fading leaves of Castanea vesca. Sept. Common. It is very probable that this is only a condition of Sphcerella sparsa or Splicer ella maculceformis. 1333. Septoria ribis. Desm. “ Currant- leaf Septoria.” Amphigenous ; spots numerous, small, irregular and angular, of a pale brown or purple colour ; perithecia innate, very small, blackish-brown, convex, pierced with a large apical pore; tendrils flesh colour, or roseate ; sporidia elongated, linear, containing numerous nucleoli. — Mem. Soc. des Sc. de Lille, 1842. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv.p. 97,/. 32. Cooke exs. no. 130. Fckl. exs. no. SPHiEEONEMEI. 451 498. Desm. exs. no. 1179. Ascochyta ribis, Libert , exs. no. 53. West, and Wall , wo. 92. Plilceospora ribis , Brux , 1850, J9. 20. On leaves of black currrant. Common. 1339. Septoria alnicola. Coolie. “ Alder Septoria.” Spots pallid, brown or tawny, rounded, about one-fourth of an inch in diameter ; perithecia minute, scattered over the spots, semi-innate, black, pierced at the apex ; sporidia oblong, straight or curved. — Cooke Seem. Journ. \Y.p. 97,/. 23. Cooke exs. no. 203. On living leaves of Alnus glutinosa. Autumn. 1340. Septoria lavandidae. Desm. “ Lavender Septoria.” Spots on both surfaces, numerous, bleached, rounded or irre- gular, with a purplish margin ; perithecia on the upper surface, few, very small, black, globose, pierced, cup-shaped when dry ; spores linear, straight or curved. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, xx. p. 86. Cookeexs.no. 139. On fading lavender leaves. Summer. Spores (*025 m.m.) *009 in. long, 1341. Septoria urticae. Desm. “ Nettle Septoria.” Spots on both surfaces ; ochraceous, rounded, or irregular ; perithecia very minute, epiphyllous, numerous, brown, pierced ; spores elongated, slender, curved or flexuous. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, viii.^. 24. Cooke exs. no. 137. On nettle leaves. Summer. Spores (*01 m.m.) *0015 in long. 1342. Septoria astragali. Desm. “ Milk-vetch Septoria.” Epiphyllous; spots irregular, greenish-grey, then tawny ; peri- thecia few, globose, slightly prominent, black, pierced ; spores very long, flexuous, multiseptate (?). — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1843, xix._p. 345. Cooke exs. no. 141. Cooke L. F. no. 70. On leaves of milk-vetch {Astragalus). Autumn. 1343. Septoria virgaureae. Desm. “ Golden-rod Septoria.” Epiphyllous; spots orbicular or irregular, bleached, whitish, and brown, variegated ; perithecia innate, minute, convex, nearly black, mouth widely open ; tendrils white ; spores very long, linear, nearly straight or flexuous. — Desm . Ann. Sc. Nat. 1842, xvii.p. w 2 452 SPHiERONEMEI. 109. Cooke exs. no. 144. Aseochyta virgaurece , Lib. exs. no. 55. Rabh. exs. no. 1321. On leaves of Solidago virgaurea. Spores (*1'05 m.m.) *0035-'002 in. long. Gen. 123. PHYLLOSTICTA, Pers. Perithecia few and minute, innate; pierced with a terminal pore, seated on discoloured spots ; nucleus gelatinous ; sporidia ovoid or oblong, straight, minute, ejected in tendrils. It is doubtful whether any satisfactory characters have yet been indicated to separate this genus from Sejptoria . 1344. Phyllosticta atriplicis. Desm. “ Goose-foot Phyllosticta.” Amphigenous ; spots orbicular, whitish, with a tawny or brownish margin, scattered or confluent ; perithecia on the upper surface, very minute, numerous, globose, innate, brownish-black, pierced at the apex ; tendrils yellowish-white ; sporidia cylin- drical, obtuse, straight or curved, and somewhat torulose, with from three to five nucleoli. — Ann. des Sc. Nat . 1851, xvi. j9. 298. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97./. 22. Sphceria (Lepazea) vagans , atriplicicola , Fr. S.M . ii. p. 582. Cooke exs. no. 148. Cooke L. F. no. 71. On leaves of Atriplex and Chenopodium. 1344a. Phyllosticta cirsii. Desm. “ Thistle Phyllosticta.” Epiphyllous ; spots roundish or irregular, numerous, whitish with a brown margin ; perithecia innate, black ; sporidia very minute, oblong, with two nucleoli. — Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847.viii.j9. 31. Cooke Seem. Journ. \Y.p. 97. On leaves of Cirsium arvense. Sept. 1345. Phyllosticta viciae. “Vetch Phyllosticta.” Epiphyllous ; spots white, rounded, with a purplish margin ; perithecia minute, aggregate, black, with a terminal pore; ten- drils white ; sporidia ellipsoid with two, sometimes three nucleoli. — Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97. Aseochyta vicice, Lib. exs . no. 356. Phyllosticta Frvi ? West. Bull, des Brux . On leaves of Vida sepium . Oct. SPELERONEMEI. 453 1345. Phyllosticta ruscicola. D.R. and Mont. “ Butcher’s Broom Phyllosticta.” Amphigenous ; spots pallid, with a reddish-brown margin ; perithecia scattered over the spots, covered by the epidermis, globose, black ; sporidia oblong. — FI. Alg. i.p. 611. Mont . Syll. p, 279. Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, viii. p. 32. Desm. exs. no. 1634. West. Ball. deBrux. vii. p. 23. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97. On the phyllodia of Buscus aculeatus. Autumn. 1347. Phyllosticta cytisi. Desm. “Laburnum Phyllosticta.” Spots few, round or irregular, grey, with a brown margin ; perithecia epiphyllous, black, numerous ; sporidia ovoid-oblong, with two nucleoli. — Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, viii. p. 34. Desm. exs. no. 1861. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97. Cooke exs.no. 150. On fading leaves of Cytisus Laburnum. Autumn. 1348. Phyllosticta sambuci. Desm. “ Elder Phyllosticta.” Epiphyllous ; spots whitish, solitary, or confluent, and disposed in a line ; perithecia innate, minute, few, brownish-black, pierced with a terminal pore ; nucleus whitish ; sporidia ovoid- oblong, with two nucleoli. — Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, viii. p. 34. Desm. exs. no. 1638. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv.p. 97,/. 28. On fading leaves of elder. Autumn. 1349. Phyllosticta primulaecola. Desm. “Primrose Phyllosticta.” Spots occupying both surfaces of the leaves, large, blanched, oftentimes with a yellowish border ; perithecia epiphyllous, numerous, rather prominent, globose, black, shining ; sporidia subglobose, very small. — Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, viii. p. 130. Desm. exs. no. 1629. Cooke Seem. Journ. i v.p. 97. Cooke exs. no. 147. On fading leaves of Primula vulgaris. Autumn. Common. 1350. Phyllosticta limbalis. Pers. “ Box -leaf Phyllosticta.” Spots oval or oblong, ivory white, with a discoloured margin, generally at the edges of the leaves ; perithecia rare, blackish, scattered, sometimes confluent ; spores oblong, hyaline, with three or four nucleoli. — Pers. Champ 7 Comest. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv.p.^1 . Depazea buxicola. Fr. S.M. ii. 528. Fckl. exs. 454 SPHJ2P0KEMEI. no. 429. Sphceria lichenoides var. buxicola. De Cand . Welw. Crypt Lusit. no. 21. On living box leaves. Oct. 1351. Phyllosticta erysimi. West. “ Sauce alone Septoria.” Spots blanched, rounded, with a linear dark brown margin ; perithecia numerous, black, scattered about the centre of the spot; ostiole poriform; sporidia oval, hyaline, containing two nucleoli at the extremities. — West . Bull, de Brux. 1863, no. 21. CooTce Seem. Journ . i v.p. 97. On leaves of Erysimum alliaria. Autumn. 1352. Phyllosticta violae. Desm. “ Violet Phyllosticta.’ * Amphigenous; spots whitish, rounded, scattered, or confluent; perithecia innate, numerous, microscopical, brown ; tendrils white; spores very minute, straight, sub-cylindrical. — Desm . Ann. Sc. Nat . 1847, viii. p. 29. On violet leaves. June. July. Spores *01 m.m. long. 1353. Phyllisticta vulgaris var. Lonicerse. Desm. “Honey- suckle Phyllosticta.” Spots on both surfaces, scattered, rounded, or irregular, olive brown, grey, or whitish; perithecia immersed, globose, then depressed, amber colour then brown, pierced ; spores minute, cylindrical, straight, obtuse. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1849, xi. p. 350. Cooke exs. no. 149. Cooke L.F. no. 72. On honeysuckle leaves. Autumn. Gen. 1.24. CHEILARIA, Libert. Perithecia sub-globose, dehiscing with a fissure ; nucleus gela- tinous ; sporidia more or less globose, ejected in tendrils. 1354. Cheilaria arbuti. Desm. “Arbutus Cheilaria,” Epiphyllous ; spots minute, dark-coloured ; perithecia mi- nute, crowded, black, shining, roundish-oblong, dehiscing by a longitudinal fissure ; nucleus at first whitish, ultimately black- ened ; sporidia ovoid, minute, with two nucleoli. — Ann. Sc. Nat. 1846, vi. 68. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97. Dothidea arbuti , Duby. Bot. Gall. ii. p. 717. On leaves of Arbutus unedo . Jan. SPHiERONEMEI . 455 1354a. Cheilaiia coryli. Rob. “ Hazel -leaf Cheilaria.” Amphigenous; spots irregular, rufous; perithecia hypophyllous rarely epiphyllous, innate, membranaceous, sub-gregarious, very small, roundish, pallid brown, dehiscing with a longitudinal fis- sure ; nucleus white ; sporidia hyaline, oblong, somewhat trun- cate, wedge-shaped, or fiddle-shaped. — Desm . Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, xx. p. 226. Desm. exs. ed. ii. no. 80. Cooke Seem. Journ. iv. p. 97. Cooke exs. no. 154. On leaves of Corylus avellana. Autumn. ASCOCHYTA, Lib. Perithecia distinct, delicate ; spores oozing out, uniseptate, or simple. — Berk. Outl.p . 320. ( Fig . 167.) 1355. Ascochyta pisi. Lib. “ Pea-pod Ascochyta.” Spots somewhat rounded, excavated, fawn-coloured, margin brown ; perithecia sub-central, very delicate, brownish ; mouth round; spores oblong, uniseptate, contracted in the middle. — Berk. Outl. p. 320. Sphceria (Depazea) concava. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 194, 1. 11,/. 3. Fckl. exs. no. 487. On pea pods. Forming little round fawn-coloured pits, studded in tlie centre with the short sub-cirrhiform masses of spores. Spores oblong, contracted in the middle, uniseptate, with occasionally a single nucleus in each cell. — M.J.B. (Fig. 167.) 1356. Ascochyta pallor. Berk. ‘ 1 Pallid Ascochyta.” Spots pallid, sub -rotund; perithecia scattered, immersed, pal- lid ; epidermis rather prominent above the obsolete ostiola ; spores linear, curved slightly. — Berk. Outl. p. 320. Sphceria (Depazea) pallor. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 193, t. 11,/. 2. On living bramble shoots. May. Forming sub-rotund, sometimes confluent, pale spots, sprinkled with little elevated dark-bordered dots, which indicate the perithecia ; perithecia ex- tremely delicate, pale fawn-coloured, filled with linear slightly curved spots, much larger then in Cytispora t some of which contain an obscure row of nuclei. Gen. 125. Fig. 167* 456 SPELER0NEME1. 1357. Ascochyta dianthi. Berk. “ Pink-leaf Ascochyta.” Perithecia irregular, conglomerate ; spores spathulate, some- times divided into two parts, containing a few globose granules. — Berk. Outl.p. 320. Sphceria (Depazea) dianthi A. S. t. 6,/. 2. Berk. exs. no. 187. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 104, t. 7,f. 5. Fckl. exs. no. 490. Kl. exs. no. 863. On living pink leaves, &c. 1353. Ascochyta ?ufo-maculans. Berk. “Brown-spot Ascochyta.” Spots orbicular, red-brown ; perithecia emergent, free, of tbe same colour ; spores oblong, simple, constricted in the centre. — Berk. Outl.p. 320. Septoria rufo-maculans. Berk. Gard. Chron. 1854, p. 67 6, with fig. On grapes. Forming an orbicular spot of a sienna brown, preserving constantly a defi- nite outline. This spot separates readily from the subjacent pulp, in conse- quence of a copious crop of mycelium, the threads of which form the radii of a circle. The surface is rough with little raised orbicular reddish perithecia arranged concentrically ; spores varying from *0008 to *0065 in. (*02 to *15 m.m.) In age the perithecia fall away, leaving a little aperture, the border of which is often stained black. Gen. 126. CYSTOTRICKA, B. & Br. Perithecia bursting longitudi- nally ; sporophores branched, ar- ticulated, beset here and there with oblong, uniseptate spores. — Berk. Outl. p. 320. B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 448. (Fig. 168.) Fig. 168. 1359. Cystotiicha stsriola. B.&Br. “ Seriate Cystotricha.” Perithecia punctiform or linear, often forming little rows, black, with a reddish tinge ; disc reddish ; sporophores highly developed, greatly elongated, bearing one or two branches above, articulate from the base, sub-moniliform, articulations about as long as broad, giving off here and there oblong pellucid spores, at first simple, at length uniseptate. — B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 448, 1. 12,/. 10. On decorticated wood. It has nearly the structure of Tubercularia , with the addition of a perithe- cium, the sporophores being closely articulate. (Fig. 168.) SPELERONEMEI. 457 NEOTTIOSFORA, Besm. Perithecia concealed, with a central perforation; spores hyaline, crested. — Berk. Outl.p. 320. (Fig. 169.) 13S0. Neottiospoxa caxicum. Besm. “ Sedge Neottiospora.” Amphigenous ; perithecia scattered, minute, rusty brown, at length umber, nestling in the parenchyma of the leaf, covered by the blackened cuticle ; tendrils orange ; spores minute, sub- hyaline. — Besm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1843. xi x.p. 346. Besm. exs. no. 1338. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 435. Rabh. F.E. no. 42. Spliceria caricina . Besm. exs. no. 717 . On dead leaves of Garices. Bemarkable for the appendage of short hyaline threads, with which the spores are furnished at one extremity. {Big. 169.) Gen. 128. EXCIPULA, Fr. Perithecia delicate, hispid open above (excipuliform) ; spores hyaline, attenuated, but not appendiculate. — Berk. Outl.p. 321. (Fig. 170.) Fig. 170. 1361. Excipula stxigosa. Fr. “ Grass Excipula.” Innate, sessile, flattened, concave, strigose, black, disc pale ; spores fusiform, curved, accuminate . — Fries exs. no. 136. Eng. FL v. p. 296. Peziza strigosa. Fr. S.M. i\.p. 103. Corda. Icon. iii. /. 78. Lib.exs.no. 349. Kl. exs. no. 1236. On culms and leaves of grass. (i'Yy. 170.) w 5 Gen. 127. Fig. 169. 458 SPIEERONEMEI. 1362. Excipula macsrotriclia. B. & Br. “ Furze Excipula.” Perithecia hispid, hairs long, straight; spores minute, lunu- late. — B . 4* Br. Ann. N.H. no. 444. On dead furze branches. Perithecia larger than in the other species, coarsely hispid, hairs'Jong, their inner tube separating easily from the outer. 1363. Excipula chaetostroma. B.&Br. “ Ash-key Excipula.” Gregarious, convex, cinereous, everywhere penetrated by black bristles ; spores lunate, sub-fusiform. — B. §- Br . Ann. N.H . no. 445, 1. 11,/. 2. On dead ash keys. Somerset. Minute, convex, black ; disc rough with the long inarticulate bristles, which every where penetrate its substance ; spores on rather long, fasciculate, or connate sporophores, lunate, subfusiform, acute at either extremity, pale; endochrome granulated, green under the microscope. — B.&Br. 136^, Excipula fusispora. B.&Br. “ Clematis Excipula.” Minute, very black, invested with rigid bristles; spores fusi- form, multiseptate, middle articulations darker. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no.SU, t. 9,/. 1. On bark of Clematis vitalba. Jan. Batheaston. Forming very minute black specks, perithecia clothed with dense, slightly waved, continuous setae ; spores curved, fusiform, *002 in. (*05 m.m.) long, multiseptate, the two extreme articulations hyaliue, the others rather darker, and generally containing a globose nucleus. — B.&Br. 3>INE3YIASPOXtIU3YI, Lev. Perithecia excipuliform, delicate, hispid ; spores hyaline, aristate at either extremity. — Berk. Outl.p. 321. (Fig. 171.) 1365. Bmemaspoiium gzaminum. Lev. “Grass Dinemasporium.” Perithecia scattered, hairy, with simple, black bristles ; spores cylindrical, obtuse, curved, aristate. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. May, 1846, p. 274. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 446. Excipula gramihum. Berk. exs. no. 328. Lib. exs. no. 348. Corda. Icon. iii. /. 79. Fckl. exs. no. 204. On leaves of grasses. Gen. 129. Fig. 171. SPEUERONEMEI. 459 var. herbamm. Cooke. Larger than the typical form, but hardly differing in fruit . — Cooke exs. no. 279. On stems of nettle, &c. An allied species of this genus occurs in South Carolina, U.S. ( Fig 171.) Gen. 130. MYXORMZA, B. & Br. Perithecium composed of flocci with free apices, open above ; spores concatenate, involved in gelatine. — Berk. Outl.p. 321. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H.no. 447. {Fig. 172.) Allied to Exci'pula , but sepa- rated from it by habit, by the absence of flocci, and above all by its concatenate spores. The spores collectively are very gelatinous. 1366. Myxosrmia atsro-viridis. B.&Br. “ Black Green Myxormia.” Perithecia excipuliform, scattered, minute, quite smooth, formed of long, closely -packed narrow cells ; sporophores fili- form ; spores linear-oblong, concatenated. — B. . carbonacea , but somewhat larger, and distinguished at once by the minute, oblong, simple spores, several times smaller than in that species. In some pustules the perithecia open by a minute fissure, the lips of which being elongated by the oozing out of the spores make a spurious ostiolum. — B . & Br. 464 SPHiERONEMEI. 1380. Discella abnoirmis. B. fy Br. “Abnormal Discella,” Perithecia globose, spurious, pierced above with a round pore ; spores shortly fusiform, yellow-brown, uniseptate. — B. fy Br. Ann . N.H. no. 429*. On shoots of elder. Batheaston. Perithecia small, entirely covered with tha cuticle, globose, confused with the matrix. Approaches the type of Biplodia. Gen. 137. PHLYCTiENA, Desm. Perithecium spurious, simple, never deficient above ; spores elongated. — Berk. Outl.p. 323. 1381. Phlyctaena vagabunda. Desm. “ Common Phlyctsena.” Spots none, or very minute, brown, fibrillose ; pseudo-peri- thecia numerous, scattered ; spores hyaline, curved, elongated, linear, somewhat obtuse, with 7-9 sporules. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, viii.y*. 16. Desm. exs. no. 1624. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 753. Lib. exs. no. 248. Moug. exs. no. 1086. On dead teazle stems, &c. 1382. Plalyctaena Johnstonii. B. $ Br. “ Johnston s Phlyctsen a.” Spots rather broad ; pseudo-perithecia brown ; sporophores flexuous, ample ; spores elongated, curved, nodulose in the middle. — B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 639*. On dead Senecio Jacobcea. Berwick. Spores several times longer than in P. vagabunda , the sporophores highly developed, and towards the centre of the spores there is generally a distinct knot, and frequently the outline is more or less irregular.— -B. &Br. Gen. 138. CEUTHOSFORA, Fr. Perithecium spurious, innate, stromatiform, mul- ticellular ; spores ejected from one or more orifices. — Berk. Outl.p. 323. {Fig. 176.) Fig. 176. SPHiERONEMEI. 465 1383. Ceuthospora lauri. Grev. “ Laurel Ceuthospora.” Unilocular, brownish-black, obtusely conic splitting into 3-4 acute erect lacinise ; spores minute. — Grev. t. 254. Eng. FI. v.p. 283. Sphceria lauri. Sow. t. 371, f. 4. S.hederce lauri. Fr. S.M.ii.p.621. Cooke exs.no. 167 . Berk, exs.no. 89. On dead leaves of cherry laurel. (F%. 176.) Ceuthospora phacidioides, Grev. [Cooke, exs. no. 156) is animperfeet condition of Phacidium ilicis. Gen. 139. ERIOSPORA, B. & Br. Stroma multicellular; spores ejected by a common orifice, quaternate, filiform, seated on short sporophores. — Berk. Outl. p. 323. Ann. N.H.no. 438. [Fig. 177.) Fig. 177. 1384:. Eriospora leucostoma. B. Br. lt * White mouthed Eriospora.” Spots pitch brown ; stroma depressed, cells variable, sub- globose ; spores very long, filiform. — B. & Br. Ann. N.H . no. 438, t. 11,/. 1. On dead leaves of Typha . Feb. Wilts. Spots pitch brown, very thin and diffused towards the edges, not a line broad, marked in the centre with a punctiform, white-bordered, pulverulent aperture ; stroma depressed ; cells varying in number, generally globose, but sometimes from the confluence of one or more depressed ; spores very long, filiform, so delicate that they wave from the minute currents formed by the evaporation of the water in which placed for examination, at first seated four together on short cylindrical sporophores, but soon falling off.— B.&Br. {Fig. 177.) 466 HELANCONIEI. Order XIII. MEL AN CONI El. Perithecium obsolete or altogether wanting. Spores oozing out in a black mass. Simple .... Endocbrome divided Septate .... Septate and stellate . Spores pedunculate. Septate, not crested Septate, crested Simple, collected in tufts Spores oozing out in tendrils. Coloured. Of two kinds Of one kind Hyaline. Of one kind Melanconium. Stegonosporium , Stilbospora. Asterosporiim . Coryneum. Pestalozzia. Cheirospora . Nemaspora. Myxosporium . Glceosporium. Gen. 140. MELANCONIUM, Link. Spores simple, oozing out in a dark mass. — Berk. Outl. p. 323. Eng. FI. v. p. 857. (Fig. 178.; # Not autonomous. Fig. 178. 2.385. Melanconium bicolor. Nees. “ Two-coloured Melan- coniuIn. ,, Stroma elevated, prominent, white ; spores compact, sub- globose, olive, or olive brown. — Nees. t. 2, f. 27. Berk. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 37. Cooke exs. no. 349. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 488. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 250. Didymosporium elevatum. Fr. S.M. iii. p.486. Melanconium splicer oideum. Eng. FI. v. p. 358. Didy. ketulinum. Grev. t. 273. Kze. exs. no. 157. Corda. i. f. 33-34. Fckl. exs. no. 84. Bisch.f. 3835. On birch. [United States,] (Fig. 1 78.) 1386. Melanconium magnum. Berk. “ Large Melanconium.” Spores oval or sub-ovate, not septate. — Berk. Outl. p. 324. Stilbospora magna. Eng. FI. v. p. 357. Nemaspora carpinea. MELANCONIEI. 467 Baxt. exs.no. 76. Nemasporamagna. Grev.t.SkS. Sow. t. 376. Gorda. iii ./. 58. FcJcl. exs. no. 87. Pringsh. Jahrb. ii. t. 28,/. 19. On walnut and hornbeam, [Up. Carolina.] Sometimes covering the whole trunk, the spores oozing out in long ten- drils. 1337. Melanconium sphaerospermum 0 Lk. “ Round-spored Melanconium.” Stroma none ; spores erumpent, scarcely compact, globose, pellucid, blackish. — Fr. S.M. iii .p. 489. Berk. Ann. N.R. no 251. Pabh. F.E. No. 179. Fckl. exs.no. 86. Bot. Zeit. 1859, 1. 11,/. 5. Stilbospora splicerosperma. Pers. Obs. t. 1,/ 6. Kze. exs . no. 102. On reeds. Tansor, Norths. [United States.] Gen. 141. STEGONOSPOREUttl, Corda. Spores unilocular, the endo- chrome transversely septate, or cellulose, oozing out in a black mass. — Berk. Outl.p. 324. (Fig. 179/ Not autonomous. 13 S3. Stegonospoxium cellulosum. Corda. “ Cellular Stegonosporium. ” Pustules effused, black ; spores sub-pyriforip, longitudinally cellulose and transversely septate. — Corda. Ic. iii./ 62. Kl. exs. ii. no. 148. Fres. t. 7,/. 53-57. Curr. Micr. Journ. iv. t. 11,/ 10- 25. On dead branches. See Valsa vestita , of which this is a secondary fruit. ( Fig. 179 .) STILBOSPORA, Pers. Spores septate, oozing out in a black mass. — Berk. Outl. p. 324. Eng. FI. v.p. 356. (Fig. 180.) Scarcely autonomous. Gen. 142. Fig. 180. Fig. 179. 468 MELANCONIEI. 1389. Stilbospoia ovata. Pers. “ Ovate Stilbospora. ,, Stroma scarcely any ; spores ovate, triseptate, septa some- times obsolete. — Pers . Obs. i. t. 2,/. 2. Eng . FI. y.p. 357. Grev . t. 212,/. 2. Fr. S.M. iii.^>. 485. S. pgri/ormis , Hoffm. F. G . ii. £. 13,/. 2. Fries, exs. no. 214. Corda. iii ./. 61. Bisch.f. 3890. On dead twigs. [United States.] 1390. Stilbcspora angustata. P. “ Narrow Stilbospora.” Stroma scarcely any ; spores cylindrical, 4-5 septate. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 485. Berk. Mag. Zool. Bot. no. 36. On Cornus sanguinea. [United States.] (Fig. 180.) 1391. Stilbospora macrospeirma. P. “ Large-spored Stilbospora.” Stroma scarcely any ; spores oval-oblong, quadriseptate. — Pers. Disp. t. 3./. 13. Fees. f. 17. Fckl. exs. no. 82. Sporidesmium , Corda. Sturm, t. 21. Bisch.f. 3879. Schnzl. 1. 12, /. 16-18. Fres. t. 7,/. 46-52. Hook. Journ. 1851, iii. t. 9,/. 9. Pay./. 254. Rabh. F.E. no. 180. On oak branches, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] The stylosporous fruit of Sphceria (Massaria) inquinans . Gen. 143. ASTEROSPORXUM, Kunze. Spores stellate, septate, oozing out in a black mass. — Berk. Outl.p. 324. {Fig. 181.) 1392. Asterosporium Hoffmaxmi. M. fy N. “ Star-spored Fungus.” Stroma floccose or grumous ; spores stellate, septate, brownish, or slightly coloured — Moug. exs. no. 669. Fres. t. 5,/. 10-13. Curr. Micr. Jour. iv. 1. 11, f. 1-9. Stilbospora asterosperma, Pers. Syn.p.96. Hoffm. F.G.ii. t. 13,/. 3. Fr. S.M. iii .p. 484. Eng. FI. y.p. 356. Cooke exs. no. 211. Fckl. exs.no. 81. On twigs of beech. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Easily known by the stellate spores. (Fig* 181.) MELANCONIEI. 469 CORYNEUM, Kunze. Spores separate, seated on a cushion- like stroma. — Berk. Outl. p. 324. Eng. El. v.p . 355. ( Fig . 182.) 1393. Coryneum macrospozum. Berk. “ Large -spored Coryneum.” Disc slightly depressed/ spores fusi- form 7-12 septate, pellucid above, greatly elongated, and curved back. — Eng. FI. v. p. 355. Rabh. F.E.no.lh. Sporidesmium vermiforme. Eves. ii. t. 6,f. 56-58. Spores *0065 in. (E.C.) This is said to be the Conidia of Melogrammce oligospora. 1394. Coryneum pulvinatum. Kze. “ Pulvinate Coryneum.”] Disc sub-rotund, pulvinate, convex, spores oblong, obtuse, brown ; sporophores cylindrical. — Kunze. M.H. i. t. 2 , /. 19. Moug. exs.no. 57 4. Eng. Fl.y.p. 355. Fr. S.M. iii./>. 474. FcJcl. exs. no. 1654. Bon. 1. 12,/. 240. On dead sycamore. [Mid. Carolina.] Spores *003 in. 1395. Coryneum disciforme. Kze. “ Discoid Coryneum.” Pustules disc-like, flattened ; spores clavate, sporophores at- tenuated. — Kunze. M. H. i. p „ 76, /. 18. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 450. Pay./. 356. Bisch.f. 3893. Cooke exs. no. 351. Rabh.F.E. no. 278. Bon. 1. 12, /. 239. On dead birch. var. / 3 . ellipticum. B.fyBr. Bursting transversely through the bark, large, elliptic, pulvinate ; stroma thick white, black towards the edges, consisting of closely packed elongated cells ; spores fusiform, multiseptate, articulations slightly constricted ; endochromes granular, containing generally two transversely ar- ranged globules. — Ann. N.H. no. 450. On trunks of birch. King’s Cliffe. Gen. 144. Fig. 182. On beech twigs. 470 HELANCONIEI 1396. Coryneum compactum. B. & Br. “ Compact Coryneum.” Minute, at first covered, at length exposed ; spores broadly fusiform, slightly obtuse, nuclei concatenate. — Ann . N.H. no. 449. On dead twigs of elm. March. Wraxall. [Upper Carolina, U.S.] Forming minute scattered pustules, at first quite covered by tbe cuticle,, at length exposed ; stroma convex, spores pedunculate, widely fusiform, slightly obtuse, 4-5 septate, nuclei large, connected with one another. — B. 4* Br. 1397. Coryneum Kunzei. Corda . “ Kunze’s Coryneum.” Erumpent, disciform, black, stroma placentaefonn, brown within ; spores fusiform, acute at each end, septate, brown, with a terminal, colourless apiculus. — Corda. Icon, i v.f. 131. Kl. exs. no. 1360, ii. no. 779. Berk. exs. no. On dead oak twigs. Spores , 0025-*003 in. (E.C.) The sporophores are very persistent and long. 1398. Coryneum microstictum. B.tyBr. “ bmall-spored Coryneum.” Covered ; stroma obsolete ; spores minute, shortly lanceolate, 2-3 septate. — B. fyBr.Ann. N.H. no. 451. Sporocadus rosceola . Rabh. exs. no. 1166. On dead twigs of rose, vine, Kerria , &c. Scattered over the twigs, and always concealed beneath the cuticle, which cracks in the centre of each little pustule ; stroma obsolete ; sporophores elongated ; spores minute, brown, shortly lanceolate, with two or three septa. This has much the habit of a Hendersonia , but there are no peri- thecia.- B. Sf Br. 1399. Coryneum macrospermum. B. $ Br. “Naked Coryneum.” Stroma minute, pulvinate; flocci forked above; spores sub- cylindrical, 4-5 septate, extreme articulations hyaline. — B. fyBr. Ann. N.H. no. 941, t. 15,/. 12. D idy mo sporium macrospermum Corda. vi./. 17. Fckl. exs.no. 83. On elm poles. Jan. Batbeaston. Forming little scattered spots on the surface of the wood j stroma cellular; thread cylindrical, equal, forked above. 1£00. Coryneum umbonatum. Tul. “ Umbonate Coryneum.” Erumpent, black, disciform, umbonate in tbe centre ; stroma cellular, brown ; spores oblong, on slender sporophores. — Tul. MELANC0NIE1. 471 Carp. ii. t. xv .f. 9. Corda. Anl. t. G. f. 69, no. 11-13. Bisch. /. 3859. Nees.ii.f.Sl. Corda. Icon. iii. /. 92. Steganosporum eleva- tum. Beiss. Bot. Zeit . 1853, t. 3, f. 24-27. Fckl. exs. no. 95. Kl. exs.no. 1853. On oak twigs. Conidiiferous condition of Melanconis umbonata Tul. The spores are very broadly fusiform on slender sporophores, the endochrome divided into four or five transversely elliptical portions, scarcely coloured *0017- 002 in. {Fig. 182.) PESTALOZZIA, De Not. Spores septate, seated on a long peduncle, crested above. — Berk. Outl. p. 324. {Fig. 183.) 1401. Pestalozzia Guepini. Besm. “ Camellia Pestalozzia.” Amphigenous, black, scattered ; spores fusiform, pedicellate, hyaline at each extremity, 3-4 septate ; crowned with 3-4 very slender, hya- line, divergent setae. — Desm. exs. no. 1084. Ann. Sc. Nat . 1840, xiii.^>. 182. Corda. Anl. t. F. f. 58, no. 8, 9, t. 4,/. 1-3. Fckl.exs.no. 522. Fay. f. 361. On Camellia leaves. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] {Fig. 183.) 1402. Pestalozzia funerea. Desm. “ Cypress Pestalozzia.” Pustules black, scattered, erumpent. Spores fusiform, shortly pedicellate, hyaline at each extremity, 4-septate, crowned above with 3-5 filiform hyaline, short, straight, divergent appendages. — Desm. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1843, xix.^9. 335. On twigs and branches of cypress. (Dr. J. Lampray.) 1403. Pestalozzia lignicola. Cooke. “ Wood Pestalozzia.” Perithecia semi-immersed, laterally compressed, black; ostiola elongated from lateral pressure ; spores cylindrical, obtuse, tri- septate, the cell at each end hyaline, intermediate cells brown ; setae 2-4 hyaline, simple ; sporophores very long. On chips. Shere. This has the appearance of a Lophiostomous Sphceria , and is quite distinct from anything we find described. Gen. 145. 472 MELANCOtflEI. Gen . 146. CHEIROSPORA, Fr. Spores collected in bundles at the tip of hyaline, filiform sporophores, forming monili- form threads. — Berk. Outl. p. 325. (Ffy.184.) Fig. 184. 1404 . Cheirospora botryospoia. Fr. “ Cluster-spore d Cheirospora.” Gregarious, punctiform, black, opaque, oozing when moist in a tremelloid mass ; stroma hyaline, gelatinous ; sporophores dichotomous or branched; spores minute, oblong, collected in subglobose heads at the tips of the sporophores. — Fr. S.V.S. p. 499. B. § Br. Ann . N.H. no. 441*. Hyperomyxa stilbosporoides. Corda.\\\.f.&§. Stilbospora botryospora . Mont. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1837,^.18,/*. 5. Myriocephalum. Fckl. exs. no. 96-97. Curr. Micr. Journ. iv. 1 . 11, f. 1-9. Be Not. Micr. Ital. iii. 1 . 10. Fres. Beitr. t. 5 ,f. 1-9. On beach and ivy twigs. Common. There appears to be no specific difference between the form on beech twigs and that on ivy. ( Fig . 184.) Gen. 147. NEMASPORA, P. Spores coloured, oozing out in large tendrils ; spores of two kinds, some minute, others filiform, with a strong curvature. — Berk. Outl. p. 325. Eng.Fl.v.p. 355. These species are only conditions of Sphseriaceous fungi. 1405. Nemaspora carocea. P. “ Orange Nemaspora.” Nucleus pallid, spores (at length) curved, very slender, orange. — Pers. Syn.p. 109. Eng. FI. v. p. 355. Fries, exs.no. 107. Moug.exs. no. 177. Besm. Ann . Sc. Nat. xix. t. 5,/. 3. Sphceria prdfusa. Sow.t. 377. Libertella faginea. Besm. Ann. 'MELANCONIEI. 473 Sc. Nat . xix. t. 5, /. 5. Cooke exs. no. 212. Fckl. exs. no. 634. Corda . Icon . i. t. 6-7. Fres . £. 4,/. 35-39. Bisch.f. 3885. On beech trunks. Common. [United States.] In an imperfect state it is a mere gelatinous mass of minute globose con- idia. The perfect spores are strongly curved. — M. J. B. 3.406. Nemaspora xosae. JDesm. “Rose Nemaspora.” Spores curved into a semi-circle, very slender, orange. — Fr . S.M. iii.p. 479. Eng . FI. v.p. 356. Libertella rosce. Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. xix. t. 5,/. 6. On rose and lilac. Gen. 148. MYXOSPORIUM, De Not. Spores coloured, minute, of one kind, forming tendrils. — Berk. Outl.p. 325. 1407. Myxosporium orbiculare. Berk . “ Orbicular Myxos- porium.” Spores very minute, oblong, pale vinous red, discharged in slender tendrils. — Berk. Outl.p . 325. Cytispor a orbicularis. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 106, t. 7,/. 6. On gourds. Forming orbicular patches. In a vertical section there is an appearance of perithecia, but in the horizontal section this is scarcely observable ; in general confluent, with one or two orifices to each group. Myxosporium colliculosum. Berk. (Sow. t. 409) is evidently nothing more than the spermogonia of Rcestelia cancellata. Myxosporium paradoxum. De Not. according to Tulasne, is the pycnidia of Trochila craterium. Mont. Spores hyaline, simple, of one kind, oozing out in the form of tendrils. — Berk. Outl.p. 325. (Nig. 185.) Gen. 149 . Fig. 185. X 474 MELANCONIEI. 1408. Glaeosporium concentricum. B.fyBr. “ Concentric Gheosporium.” Minute, white, disposed concentrically; spores numerous, cylindrical, truncate, pellucid, oozing out and forming little heaps. — B. 44. Cooke M. F.p. 210. Trichobasis pruni-spinosce, Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Brand-spores. Spots obliterated ; sori hypogenous, subro- tund, scattered ; epidermis obliterated ; spores brown, peduncles 508 ptjccijntl®!. very short. — Link . Sp. i i.p. 82. Eng. FI. v.p. 868. Cooke M.F. p. 201. Cooke exs. no. 51. Baxt. exs. no. 83. Fckl. exs. no. 330., Cooke L.F. no. 22. Corda. iv./. 68. Kl. exs. no. 590. On leaves of plum-tree, Bhamnus catharticus , &c. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] 1512. Puccinia fabas. Link. u Bean Brand.’* Ure do-spores. Spots obliterated ; sori sub rotund and oval ; bullate, scattered and aggregate, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores ovoid, brown . — Trichobasis fabce , Lev. Ann . Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.p. 209. Cooke exs. no. 11. Cooke L.F. no. 41. Brand-spores. Spots none; sori subrotund, or elongated,, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores at length black, ovato-globose ; peduncle slender. — Link. Sp. ii. p. 82. Eng. Fh y.p. 369. Cooke M.F.p. 201. Ung. Exan.t.l ./139 B. P.globosa * Grev . t. 29. On beans. Aug. — Sept. [United States.] 1513. Puccinia fallens. Cooke. “ Clover Brand.” Uredo-spores. Spots obliterated ; sori ampbigenous, nu- merous, scattered, subrotund, brown, surrounded by the remains of the ruptured epidermis ; spores subovate ; pedicels short, hya- line, evanescent ; epispore verrucose . — Cooke Seem. Journ. vol. iv. 1866. Cooke L.F. no. 40. Uredo fallens, Desmz. Ann. des Sc. Nat. ser. 3, iii.^9. 357. Exs. ed. i. no. 1325. ed. ii. no. 725. Brand-spores. Sori few and small, scattered, intermixed with pustules of Uredo-spores ; sporidia obovate, on rather long pedicels of a tawny colour, and slightly constricted at the septum ; epispore smooth . — Cooke Seem. Journ. vol. iv. 1866. On Vicia sepium and Trifolium. 1514. Puccinia buxi. B.C. “ Box Brand.” Uredo-spores ? Brand-spores. Spots none ; sori subrotund, convex, scat- tered ; spores brown, oblong, rather strongly constricted, lower cell slightly attenuated; peduncle very long. — D.C. FI. Fr. vi. p. 60. Eng. FI. v. p. 369. Cooke M.F. p. 201. Cooke exs. no. 52. Sow. t. 439. Moug. exs. no. 676. Kl. exs.no. 1992, ii. 684. Berk, exs. no. 109. Cooke L.F. no. 23. PUCCINIiEI. 509 Gen . 168. GYMNOSPORANGIUITC, D.C. Fig. 203. Peduncles ex- tremely long, ag- glutinated by gela- tine into a tremel- loid expanded mass ; spores uni-septate. — Berk. Outl.p. 330. Eng . FI. v.p. 361. {Fig. 203.) 1515. Gymnospoarangmm junipeii. Lit. Forming a soft, gelatinous, irregular, orange mass ; spores ovate or subelliptic, filled with subglobose granules. — Fckl. exs . no. 413. Bisch.f. 3881. Berk. Outl. t. 2,f. 5. Eng . FI. v.p. 361. Nees.f. 23 a. Cooke M.F. p. 201. On living twigs of Juniperus communis. [United States.] Forming a very soft, gelatinous, irregular, orange mass, wlfichldries up, so as frequently to leave scarcely, any trace.~if . J. B. {Fig. 203.) 0, CXA.AA V-t ? >J , CL i u'Co e & r '■ L - Gen. 169. P0DESOMA, Lk. Peduncles extremely long, agglutinated by gelatine into a common stem, spreading out above into a clavarice- form mass ; spores mostly uniseptate. — - Berk. Outl.p . 331. {Fig. 204.) Fig. 204. 510 PUCCINLZEI* 1516. Fodisoma juniperi. Fr. “ Juniper Podisoma.” Orange, clavariasform, somewhat branched ; stroma simple ; spores very long, lanceolate, filled with elliptic grannies. — Fr. S.M. iii. 508. Eng . FI. v. p. 862. Bull. t. 427,/. 1. Berk. exs. no. 106. Cooke M.F.p. 201. Cooke exs.no. 125. Fckl. exs. no. 415. Bisch.f. 8880. Pay.f. 854. Ann. Sc. Fat. (1854), 1. 10, /. 1 - 12 . On living branches of Juniperus communis. April. [Mid. Carolina.] CErsted regards this as a form of Rcestelia lacerata. (Fig. 204.) 1517. Fodisoma sabinse. Fr. “ Savin Podisoma.” Red-brown, tuberculiform and clavate, simple ; stroma obliter- ated ; spores obovate, nniseptate. — Eng. FI. v. p. 862. Nees. f. 15. JPers. Disp. t. 2,/. 1. Eng. Bot. t. 710. Fckl. exs. no. 416. Bisch.f. 8882-8888. Berk. Outl. t. 2, f. 4. Cooke M.F. p. 201. Berk. exs. no. 107. On living branches of Juniperus sdbince. April. May. According to CErsted, this is a condition of Rcestelia cancellata. 1518. Fodisoma foliicolum. B. “ Juniper-leaf Podisoma.” Epiphyllous, brown-black masses, snbglobose, subelliptic, or irregular, consisting of radiating, crowded, very slender, agglu- tinated filaments, each bearing an elliptic or clavate, very obtuse spore, 8 to 5-septate. — Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 862. Cooke M.F.p. 201. Fckl. exs. no Al^. On living leaves of common juniper. Masses subelliptic or irregular, dark brown-black, consisting of radiating, crowded, very slender, agglutinated filaments each bearing an elliptic or clavate, very obtuse spore with 3-5 septa. Some of the filaments are simply clavate and barren.— M. J. B. CiEOMACEl. 511 Order XVI. CNEOMACEI. Parasitic on living plants ; peridium absent ; spores of one or two orders, simple. CJSOMACEI. Spores of one order — Simple and free. Without appendages. Springing from delicate threads Produced in separate cells. Deeply seated, pulverulent Generally nearly black Superficial . Yellow or brown Not inclosed in separate cells With peduncles. Deciduous .... Permanent .... Compound. Irregular .... Subglobose or shell -shaped . Spores of two orders — 1. Sphserical .... 2 . Cylindrical, septate . 1. Sphserical .... 2. Wedge-shaped, compact . 1. Concatenate, exposed 2. Sphserical, myceloid Tilletia. | Ustilago . | TJredo. , LecytJiea . , Trichobasis. , Uromyces. JJrocystis. . Tuburcinia. | Coleosporium . | Melampsora. j- Cystopus. TILLETIA, Tul. Spores sphasrical, reticulated, proceed^ ing from delicate branched threads. — Berk. Outl.p. 335. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847. (Fig. 205.) la caries. Tul. “ Bunt.’’ Included within the germen ; spores spherical, rather large, black, reticulated. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, vii. t. 5, /. 1-16. Cooke M.F. p. 202, t. v. f. 84-91. Berk. Hort. Journ . ii. p. 113. Cooke Quek. Journ. i.|>. 167. Cooke exs. no. 53. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4 th . ser. ii. 1. 12, /. 1-26. TJredo fcetida. Bauer Ann. Sc. Nat. 1824, ii. t. 7,/. 17-20. Uredo caries . Eng. FI. v. p. 375. Ditm. t. 34. Berk . exs . no. 113. Gen. 170 . PH* Pig. 205. 1519. Tillet 512 CiEOMACEI. On wheat, filling the grains. Autumn. Common. [United States.] Foetid when crushed. For particulars regarding the germination of these spores, see paper by Rev. M. J. Berkeley, in Horticultural Journal, and by the author in Quekett Journal, i. p. 167. {Tig. 205.) USTILAGO, Link. Plant deeply seated ; spores simple, spring- ing from delicate threads, or in closely packed cells, ultimately breaking up into a powdery mass. — Berk . Outl.p. 335. {Fig. 2 06.) Ilago carbo. Tul. “ Corn Smut.” Produced on the receptacle and rachis ; epidermis soon rup- tured; spores loose, minute, globose, black. — Tul . Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847), t. 3,/. 1-12. Ustilago segetum. Ditm. 33. Cooke M.F. t. 5,/. 98-99. Cooke exs.no. 54. Corda. iv. /. 9. Uredo segetum. Pers. Syn.p. 224. Moug. exs. no. 291. Baxt. exs. no. 43. Eng. FI. Y.p. 374. Bull. t. £72, f. 2. Kl. exs.no. 81. On the ears of corn and grasses. Autumn. Common. [United States.] 1521. Ustilago urceoloium. Tul. “ Sedge Smut.” Produced on the glumes and utricles ; epidermis soon burst- ing ; spores in a compact mass, afterwards breaking up, globose, rather large, granulated. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t. 4,/. 7-10. Cooke M.F. t. 6 . /. 109-111. Nees. f. 6 . Kl. exs. no. 195. Uredo urceolorum. JD.C. FI. Fr. vi .p. 78. Eng. FI. Y.p. 375. Sow. t. 396,/. 4. Berk. exs. no. 114. Surrounding the seed of various Carices as Carexprcecox , stel - lulata , recurva , and pseudo-cyperus. Autumn. Rather common. [Mid. and Up. Carolina.] 1522. Ustilago longissima. Tul. “ Elongated Smut.” Produced on the leaves in linear, long, parallel, dirty-olive patches ; epidermis bursting longitudinally ; spores globose, breaking up into minute granules, olive-black. — Tul. Ann. Sc . Nat. (1847), vii. jp, 76. Cooke M.F. t. 5,/. 105-107. Cooke exs. no. 55. Uredo longissima. /Sow. £. 139. Eng. FI. Y.p. 375. Berk. exs. no. 230. Kl. exs. no. 84. Gen. 171. Fig. 206. 1520. C^OMACEI. 513 On leaves of Poa aquatica and P. fluitans. Summer. Com- mon. * te Giving the leaves a very remarkable appearance.” — Eng. FI. 1523. Ustilago olivacea. Tul. “ Olive Smut.” Infesting the enlarged receptacle ; epidermis soon bursting ; spores olive-green, powdery, minute, mixed with filaments. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847 ). Cooke M.F. t. 6,/. 126,127. Cooke exs.no. 298, vii. t. 4,/*. 11. Uredo olivacea , Eng. FI. Y.p. 376. On Car ex riparia. 1524. Ustilago hypodytes. Fr. “ Grass-culm Smut.” Produced on the culms beneath the sheaths, afterwards ex- posed ; spores minute, subglobose, brownish -black. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t. 3./. 14. Cooke M.F. t. 5,/. 100,101. Cooke exs. no. 56. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 256, 481. Uredo hypodytes , Desm. exs. no. 473. Kl. exs. no. 83. On the culms of various grasses. Summer. [Low. Carolina.J 1525. Ustilago may dis. Corda. “ Maize Smut.” Produced on the stems, germens, &c. ; epidermis at length bursting ; spores spherical, minute, brownish-black, surface covered with echinulate warts. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t. 2. Cooke M.F. t. 5,/. 108. Kl. exs. no. 193. Corda. Icon. iv. 3. Philip. Traite . t. 5, 6, 7. On stems, &c., of Zea mays. [United States.] (Fig. 206, spores magnified.) 1526. Ustilago montagnei. Tul. “Beaksedge Smut.” Produced on the seeds ; epidermis bursting ; spores slightly angular, small, dark-coloured, intermixed sparingly with fragile filaments. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t. 5,/. 31. Cooke M.F. t. 5,/. 96, 97. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 479. On seeds of Bhyncospora alba . [Low. Carolina.] 1527. Ustilago grandis. Tul. “ Reed Smut.” Produced on the stems of reeds, forming thick bullate patches several inches long, occupying whole internodes, covered by their sheath ; spores globose, rather large. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. ( 1847), vii p. 78. Ustilago typlioides , B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 480. Cooke M.F. t. 6,/. 128, 129. 514 CiEOMACEI# On stems of Arundo phragmitis. Autumn. c< Forming thick bullate patches several inches in length, occupying whole internodes covered by their sheath. Spores larger than in U. hypodytes and U. longissima.” — B. & Br. 1523. Ustilago salveii. B.&Br . “ Cocksfoot Smut.” Produced on the leaves, forming elongated parallel sori on the upper surface; spores obovate, rather large, rough, with minute granules. — B. fy Br. Ann . N.H. no. 482. Cooke M.F . t. 6,/. 117- 18. Cooke exs. no. 57. On leaves of Dactyles glomerata and other grasses. A distinct and interesting species, exhibiting in its spores the type of an Uredo rather than of Ustilago. Spores four times as long as in U. longissima. — B. & Br. 1529. Ustilago gzammica. B.&Br. “ Banded Smut.” Forming little transverse bands, consisting of short parallel black lines ; spores globose, very minute. — B. fy Br. Ann . N.H. no. 483. Cooke M.F. t . 6,/. 120-122. On stems of Air a aguatica and A. ccespitosa . Rare. Forming little transverse fasciae, consisting of short parallel black lines, a line or more in length. Spores far smaller than in 27. longissima , not ex- ceeding one-third of their diameter. — 73. &Br. 1530. Ustilago vinosa. Tul. il Oxyria Smut.” Produced on the swollen receptacles ; spores roundish, very small, and minutely papillose, separately pellucid, in clusters, violaceous. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii.^?. 96. Cooke M.F.p. 204. B. §Br. Ann. N.H. no. 484. On the swollen receptacles of Oxyria reniformis. Spores smaller than in 27. ulriculosa , and merely papillate, instead of be- ing reticulated. — B. & Br. 1531. Ustilago utriculosa. Tul . “ Utricle Smut.’* Produced in the germen and perigonium ; epidermis soon ruptured ; spores effuse, minute, globose, purple-black. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. f 1847 ), vii .p. 102, t. 4, /. 2-6. Cooke , M.F. t. 6,/. 112-116. Cooke exs. no. 58. Uredo utriculosa , Corda . ii. /. 12. Eng. FI. v. p. 377. Nees.f. 6. On Polygonum hydropiper and other Polygona. Autumn. Common. [United States.] CiEOMACEI. 515 1532. Ustilago flosculorum. Tul . “ Floret Smut.” Produced within the florets ; spores minute, purplish-brown. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii.^. 99. Cooke M.F. t. 6./. 123-125. TJredo flosculorum , Fr. S.M . iii.j?. 348. Sow . t. 396,/. 2 ? Eng . 2*7. v.p. 379. On florets of Scabiosa arvensis. 1533. Ustilago receptaculorum. -FV. “ Goatsbeard Smut.” Produced within the receptacles ; spores ovate, minute, re- ticulated, violet-brown, nearly black, very profuse, filling the re- ceptacle. — Tul . Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t. 4, f. 1. Cooke M.F. t . v. f. 92-95. Cooke exs.no. 59. Uredo receptaculorum. Desm. exs. no. 128. * On receptacles of Tragopogon pratensis. June. July. Com- mon. 1534. Ustilago anthezarum. Fr. “ Anther Smut.” Produced on the anthers and germens ; spores subglobose, effuse, violet. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. t. 4,/. 12-19, t. 5* f. 23. Cooke M.F. t. 5,/. 102-104. Sau>. t. 396, /. 1. Kunzeexs. no. 218. Uredo antherarum. Eng. FI. y.p. 381. Nees. t. i. f. 5. Kl. exs. no. 192. On the anthers of Silene , Lychnis , &c. Common. [United States.] THECAFHORA, Fing. Spores oblong or subglobose, smooth, or echinulate, agglomerated together, few or many, into more or less angular masses enclosed in cysts. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat . 1847. {Fig. 207.) 1535. Thecaphoza hyalina. Fing. “Hyaline Thecaphora.” Spores globose or oblong, minute, enclosed in large, hyaline, suh-hexagonal cysts. — Fing. Linn. x.p. 230. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii. p. 109. B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866) no. 1148. Desm. exs. no. 27 4. Cookeexs.no. 313* In capsules of Convolvulus soldanella . Aug. King’s Lynn* Exmouth. Gen. 172. Fig. 207. 516 CJ30MACEI, There is no external evidence in the capsule of the presence of this smut, and it is only by breaking it open that the Thecaphora can be seen. It raises the testa of the green seed like a dark-coloured blister. The affected seeds shrivel, and do not become of the normal black colour. (Fig- 207*) Gen . 173. *5 TUBURCINIA, Fr. Plant deeply seated ; spores multi- cellular, subglobose, or conchiform. — Berk. Outl. p. 335. (Fig. 208.) Fig. 208. ^ 1536. Tubuicinia scabies. B. “ Potato Scab.” Spores globose, composed of minute cells, forming together a hollow globe, with one or more lacunse, generally attached late- rally by a slender thread, olive. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 489. Berk. Hort , Journ. i. t. 4, f. 30-31. Cooke M.F. t . 3 } f. 54. Rabh. exs. no. 900. On potatoes. The spores of this species are very curious ; they are composed of minute cells, forming together a hollow globe, with one or more lacunse communi- cating with the external air. A hollow shell with one or two apertures will give a notion of their form. They are generally attached laterally by a deli- cate thread. — B. & Br . ( Fig . 208 spores .) 1537. TuTbeircinia tzientalis. B.fyBr. “ Trientalis Smut.” Sori two lines broad, bullate, containing a black mass of rather irregular depressed subglobose spores, which are very opaque and distinctly cellular. Hyphasma white, branched, creeping, delicate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 488. Cooke M.F. t. 3,/. 52-53. On leaves of Trientalis Europcea . Gen. 174. UROCYSTZS. Spores irregular, consisting of several cells. — Polycystis . Lev. {Fig. 209.) This genus is very closely allied to Thecaphora. Fig. 209. CL3E0MACEI. 517 1538. Urocystis violae. B, & Br. “ Violet Snmt.” Sori scattered, elongated, on both, surfaces of the leaves and petioles ; spores more or less globose, consisting of several cells, surrounded by a common irregular crust. — Polycystis violce . B . fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 487. Cooke exs.no. IS. Cooke M.F. p. 212, pi. YK.figs. 185-186. Granularia violce. Sow.t. 440. On leaves and petioles of violets. August. Common. Forming gouty swellings of the petioles and principal veins, and otherwise deforming the leaves, at length bursting in two or three places and exposing the sooty spores. “The spores are more or less globose, consisting of seve- ral cells, surrounded by a common irregular crust.” '1539. Urocystis colchici. Tul. “ Meadow Saffron Smut.” Sori elongated, bursting irregularly ; spores smooth, or slightly papillose. — Polycystis colchici. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1847), vii.|?. 117. Cooke M.F. p. 211. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 485. Sporisorium colchici. Lib. exs . no. 194. Uredo colchici Berk. exs. no. 309. On leaves of meadow saffron ( Colchicum autumnale ). 1540. Urocystis occulta. Preuss. “Rye Smut.” Sori very long, linear ; epidermis bursting longitudinally ; spores globose, with several projecting nodules, dark -brown. — Polycystis par allela. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 486. Cooke M.F.p. *2jVl,pl.Y&.figs. 187, 188. Preuss. Sturm. 1. 1. Uredo parallela. Eng. Fl. Y.p. 375. On culms and sheaths of rye, and on the leaves of Carices. In long parallel lines on the leaves, with very much the habit of an Usti- lago. {Big. 209.) 1541. Urocystis pompholygodes. Schleclvt. “ Buttercup Smut.” Sori variable, bullate ; epidermis inflated, at first entire, then bursting jrregularly, its remains surrounding the clusters ; spores copious, subglobose, black, opaque or pellucid. — Polycystis pom- pholygodes Lev. Cooke M.F. p. 212, pi. ix. Jigs. 183, 184. Cooke exs. no. 79. Uredo pompholygodes. Berk. Ann. N.H. no 137. Berk, exs. no. 236. On Ranunculus repens and other Ranunculacece. Summer. Common. Causing gouty swellings of the petioles, and the principal veins of the leaves. At length bursting and exposing the sooty spores. Not uncommon on the Wood Anemone. CiEOMACEI. UEOMYCES, Lev. Spores unilocular, attached permanently to a decided peduncle of greater length. — Berk. Outl.p. 333. ( Fig . 210.) 1542. Uromyces alliorum. B.C. “Garlic Rust.” Spots obliterated, sori linear, oblong, or oval, amphigenous ; spores subglobose, yellow. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 211. TJredo alliorum. Eng. FI. v. p. 37 6 (partly ). Uredo porri. Sow. t. 411. On species of Allium. 1543. Uromyces appendiculata. Lev. “ Long-stemmed Rust.” Spots yellowish-brown, sori subrotund and oval, confluent, nearly plane, on the under surface ; epidermis bursting ; spores ovoid, brown, with a long peduncle. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t. 7, /. 149, 150. Cooke exs. no. 323. Uredo appendiculosa. Eng. FI. v.p. 383. On Leguminosce, and other plants. Aug. and Sept. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] 1544. Uromyces apiculosa. Lev. “Short-stemmed Rust.” Spots yellow or brown, sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores ovoid, brown, shortly pedun- culate. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t. 7, f. 154, 155. Cooke exs . no. 322. Berk. exs. no. 116-117. Cooke L.F. no. 26. Uredo apiculosa . Eng. FI. v. p. 382. On dock and various other plants. Aug. Sept. Common. [United States.] 1545. Uromyces limonii. Lev. “ Sea-lavender Rust.” Epiphyllous, sori bullate, scattered, or disposed in rings ; spores ovate. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 211. On Statice limonia. 1546. Uromyces ficarise. Lev. “ Pilewort Rust.” Spots yellowish, sori scattered, aggregate, confluent, and ex- panded ; epidermis ruptured ; spores ovoid, brown. — Lev. Ann. 518 Gen. 175 » Fig. 210. CiEOMACEI. 519 Sc. Nat. CooTce M.F. 7./. 156, 157. Cooke exs. no. 122. Berk . exs. no. 237. Cooke L.F. no. 24. JJredo ranunculacearum. Eng. FI. v. p. 380. On Ranunculus ficaria. May. June. Common. 1547. Uromyces intrusa. Lev. “ Lady’s Mantle Rust.’’ On the under surface, scattered, or partially aggregate, red- dish-brown, rounded, somewhat prominent, minute, very un- equal ; spores roundish or oval. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 211. Cooke exs.no. 121. Cooke L. F. no. 27. Uredo intrusa. Eng. FI. y.p. 382. Tracbyspora alchemillce. Fckl. exs. no. 318. On Alchemilla vulgaris. 1548. Uromyces concentrica. Lev. u Hyacinth Rust/’ Spots oblong or subrotund, crowded into patches ; epidermis bursting longitudinally ; spores rubiginous, obovate, shortly pedunculate.: — Lev. Ann. des Sc. Nat. Cooke exs. no. 76. Cooke M.F. ed.ii.p.22b. U.scillce. Fckl. exs. no. 401. Uredo concen- trica. Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, t. vi .p. 62, exs. no. 1478. West Wall , no. 675. Trichobasis scillarum. Berk. Outl. p. 332. Cooke M.F. p. 208. Uredo scillarum. Grev. Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 376. Uredo muscari. Duby.Bot.Gall.ii.p.&S&l Puccinia scil- larum. Baxt. exs . no. 40. On leaves of Wild Hyacinth. 1549. Uromyces polygoni. Fckl . “ Knot-grass Rust. ,, Cauline ; sori elongated and confluent, convex, surrounded by the remains of the ruptured epidermis ; sporidia subglobose or globose, smooth, yellowish-brown ; pedicels very long, thick- ened, hyaline, persistent. — Fckl. exs. no. 399. Cooke Seem. Journ. Cooke M.F. ed. ii. p. 225. Capitularia polygoni. Babb. Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 449. Babb. exs. i. no. 1995. F.E. no. 185. Puccinia vagi - nalium. Link. Sp. PI. (in part). On stems of Polygonum aviculare. 1550. Uromyces sparsa. Lev. “ Spergularia Rust.” Spots pallid ; sori subrotund and oval, amphigenous and cau- line ; epidermis erumpent ; sporidia ovoid, brownish ; peduncles thickened, short. — Lev. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1847, viii.j?. 369. Fr. Summ. 514. Cooke M.F. ed. ii. p. 225. Uredo sparsa. Kze. exs . no. 170. Cceoma spar sum. Link. Sp. PI. ii. p. 27. On Spergularia rubra. Swanscombe, Kent. , (Si - 1 t^Tx^^x^AjXilJ- £o (p^y-^r&~S- 520 C-ffiOMACEI. 1551. Uromyces graminum. Coohe. “ Cocksfoot Rust.” Epiphyllous on both surfaces ; sori oblong, or confluent and linear, convex, black and shining, so as easily to be confounded on casual observation with Dothidia graminis , P., at length bursting longitudinally; sporidia subglobose or ovate, tawny, with hyaline pedicels of variable length. — Cooke Seem . Journ. Cooke M.F.ed. Up. 225. On leaves of Dactylis glomerata. Oct. Shere. This is undoubtedly "the JJromyces — form of Puccinia graminis , although I have not hitherto been able to trace the connection. It seems strange that it should have hitherto been unnoticed. Uromyces ULMARiiE. Lev . See Triphragmium ulmarice. Uromyces primula. Lev. See Puccinia primulce . Uromyces iridis. JLev. See Puccinia truncata. Gen P'W, ^ ,, ? °- c y (N ^ ^ -‘A £} (uAj.NjCL^ t . /f?r ft Spores cylindrical, septate, some separating at the joints, some of a different nature, persistent. — Berlc. Outl.p. 833. ( Fig. 211.) Fig. 211. 1552. Coleosporium tussilaginis. Lev. “ Coltsfoot Rust.” On the under surface, prominent, crowded, generally forming circles, becoming very confluent ; spores numerous, subovate, orange-yellow. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t. 8, f. 180, 181. Cooke exs. no. 80. Uredo compransor. Eng. FI. v. p. 379. ( partly ). Moug. exs. no. 390. On Coltsfoot leaves. Summer. Common. {Fig. 211.) 1553. Coleosporium pingue. Lev. “ Tawny Rose Rust.” Spots obliterated; sori effuse, on the nerves and petioles of the leaves ; spores ovoid, yellowish-brown. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 212. Uredo pinguis. D.C. FI. Fr. ii. p. 235. U. effusa. Eng. FI. v. p. 381 ( partly). ^ U„, ft; W/& • fel S- s a#* If/iO - - CiEOMACEI. 521 1554;. Coleosposrium petasitis. Lev . “ Butterbur Rust.” On the under surface, minute, depressed, spreading, somewhat aggregate, subconfluent, irregular in form ; spores oval, orange, or orange-red, — Lev, Ann. Sc, Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 213. Cooke exs. no. 321. Cooke L.F. no. 45. Uredo compransor . Eng. FI. v. p. 379. partly. U.petasites . Grev.Fl.ed.p.^AA. On Tussilago petasites. Autumn. 1555. Coleosposrium campanula. Lev. “ Campanula Rust.” Spots obliterated, brown on the opposite side ; sori irregular, confluent, plane, on the under surface ; spores subglobose, co- hering, yellow, at length pale. — Lev . Ann . Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 213. Cooke exs. no. 81. Uredo campanulce. Eng. FI. v.p. 378. Baxt.exs. no. 41. Berk. exs. no. 336. On leaves of various Campanulce. Sept. Oct. 1556. Coleosposrium sonchi-arvensis. Lev. “ Sow-thistle Rust.” On the under surface, depressed, irregular in form, scattered, partially confluent ; spores ovate, reddish-orange. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t.S, f. 178-179. Cooke exs. no. 82. Uredo sonchi. Pers. Syn. p. 217. U. compransor. Eng. FI. v. p. 379 {partly). On Sonchus oleraceus and arvensis. Summer. Common. 1557. Coleosposrium srhinantfcaceasrum. Lev . “ Cow-wheat Rust.” Spots none, or subferruginous ; sori irregular, confluent on the under, rarely on both surfaces ; spores subglobose, compact, golden yellow. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t. 8,/. 17 6, 177. Cooke exs. no. 299. Uredo rhinanthacearum. Eng. FI. v.p. 377. On Euphrasia , Bartsia , Melampyrum , &c. Aug. Sept. UPSOZIA. Cast. Spores of two orders (1), dif- fuse, globose, or oblong ; (2) crowded into a dense, compact mass, with or without a covering, wedge-shaped. — Berk. Outl. p. 333. (Figs. 212,213.) z Common. Gen. 177. Fig. 212. Fig. 213. 522 CiEOMACEI. 1558. Melampsoza salicina. Lev. “ Willow Brand.” Summer-spores. Epiphyllous or hypophyllous, sori, or heaps of spores scattered, pale orange, bright orange, or cinereous. (June to August.) Ovato-globose, paraphyses capitate, rarely oboyate. — Lecythea caprearum. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Uredo cap - rearum. Eng. FI. v .p. 385. U. epitea. Kze. Lec. epitea Ann . N .EL . no. 477. Winter-spores. Sori epiphyllous, scattered or aggregate, at first yellowish tawny, then brownish, at length nearly black, bullate ; spores oblong, closely packed, and laterally compressed. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4, ser. vol. ii. if. 7,/. 6-7. Cooke M.F.t.9, f. 191, 192. Cooke exs. no. 85. Cooke L.F. no. 49. On Salix viminalis and S. caprcea. Common. Spores perfected in February. ( Fig. 213, winter spores.) 1559. Melampsora betulina. JDesm. “ Birch Brand.” Summer-spores. Hypophyllous, sori bright yellow or orange, oblong, cylindrical, or obovate, truncate at the base, echinulate ; paraphyses encircling, or intermixed, obovate, smooth, hyaline. Uredo betulina. U. cylindrica. Eng. FI. v. p. 385 (partly.) Lecy - thea betulina. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Winter-spores. Sori confluent, of an obscure brown in the winter, becoming of a bright orange when mature ; spores elon- gated, attenuated below, polygonal, ochraceous. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Desm. exs. no. 1647. Lib. exs.no. 336. Cooke. M.F. t. 9,f. 189, 1 90. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. ii. t. 7, f. 8, 9. Cooke exs. no. 124. On leaves of Betula alba. Spores perfected in Jan. and Feb. (Eig. 212, winter spores.) 1560. Melampsoza tremulae. Tul. 4 ( Aspen Brand.” Summer- spores. Hypophyllous; sori punctiform, prominent, or papillteform, numerous ; spores tawny-yellow, elliptical, or obovate ; paraphyses slender. — Uredo cylindrica. Eng. FI. v. p. 385,pa?'tly. Lecythea populina. Cooke M.F.p. 206, partly. Winter-spores. Sori scattered, at length blackish ; sports elongated, compressed, attenuated downwards, yellowish. — Tul . CiEOMACEI, 523 Ann . Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. ii .p. 95. Cooke M.F. p. 214. Cooke exs. no. 84. Cooke L.F. no. 48. On. leaves of Populus tremula. Common. Spores perfected during the winter. 1561. Melampsora populma. Lev. “Poplar Brand.” Hyp ophy lions, epiphy lions, or amphigenous. Summer-spores. Spores yellow or orange, obovate-oblong, attenuated or truncate, echinulate, parapbyses obovate, capitate, or claviform, abundant in fully ripened sori. — Uredo longicap- sula D.C. U. cylindrica. Eng. FI. v. p. 385, partly. Lecythea populina . Lev. Ann . Sc. Nat . Cooke M.F. p. 206. Cooke exs. no. 83. Winter-spores. Sori at first tawny-yellow, becoming black during tbe winter, swelling in the spring, and becoming of a cinnamon colour, on the upper surface of the leaves, roundish or oblong ; spores prism-shaped, 5-6 together, yellowish, smooth. — Tul . Ann. Sc. Nat. 4. ser. vol. 2, t. 7,/. 10. Cooke Micr. Fungi, pi. in. figs. 195, 196. Cooke exs. no. 83. Cooke L.F. no. 47. On leaves of Populus nigra. Common. Spores perfected in February. 1562. Melampsora euphorbias. Cast. “ Spurge Brand.” Summer-spores. Hypophyllous ; sori golden yellow, scat- tered, distinct, sometimes cauline ; spores small, subglobose. — Uredo euphorb ice. Eng. FI. v. p. 385. Lecythea euphorbias. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 206. Cooke exs. no. 65. Berk. exs. no. 240. Winter-spores. Sori becoming black, small, roundish ; spores prismatic, membrane thickened above, dark-brown. — Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. ii. p. 100. Cooke M.F. pi. ix. figs. 193, 194. On leaves and stems of Euphorbia helioscopia , E. exigua , and other species. Common* Melampsora padi. This name has been given by some author to a Melampsora , on leaves of Prunus padus , which we have once met with in Kent. It was noted at the time, but re- ference to the author and description was not made, hence it cannot be recorded here beyond the present notice. z 2 524 CiEOMACEI. Gen . 178. CYST6EUS, De Bary. Beceptacle con- sisting of thick branched threads ; conidia concaten- ate, at length se- parating, oospores deeply seated on the mycelium. — {Figs. 214,215.) Fig. 215. Fig. 214. 1563. Cystopus cubicus. Str. “ Goat’s-beard White Rust.” Conidia unequal ; terminal cell sterile, larger than the rest, membrane thickened, ochraceous, rarely yellowish ; fertile cells shortly cylindrical ; membrane hyaline ; oospores globose ; epis- pore, brown, verrucose ; warts hollow, round or irregular. — Coolce M.F.pl.n.figs . 201, 202, 210. Cooke exs. no. 86. On Goat' s-b ear d, Salsify , Scorzonera , &c. Summer and autumn. Common. (Fig. 215.) 156&. Cystopus candidus. Lev. “ Crucifer White Rust” Conidia equal, globose ; membrane equal, ochraceous ; oospores subglobose; epispore yellowish-brown, with irregular obtuse warts ; warts solid. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Berk. Outl. p. 334, partly. Eng. FI. y. p. 384. Grev. t. 251. Moug. exs. no. 290. Cooke exs. no. 86. Cooke L.F. no. 46. Cooke M.F. pi. x.. figs. 198- 200, and 205-207. On shepherd’s purse, cabbages, horseradish, and other Cruci- ferce , Summer. Common. {Fig. 214, conidia ^G 528 C2E0MACEI. 1578. Uredo tropceoli. Desm . “ Tropoeolum Uredo” Hypogenous ; spots pale yellow ; sori minute, roundish, scat- tered, or conflueut; sporidia ovoid or subglobose, orange. — Desm. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1836, vi.^?. 243. Desm. exs. ed. i. no. 837, ed. ii. no. 37. Cooke Seem. Journ. N.p. 97. On leaves of Tropceolum. Oct. 1579. Uredo alliorum. D.C. “ Garlic Uredo.” Spots obliterated ; sori linear, oblong, and oval, on both sur- faces ; spores ovoid or subglobose, yellow or whitish. — D.C. FI. Fr. yi.p. 82. Eng. FI. Y.p. 376, partly. Cooke M.F. p. 205. On various species of Allium . * * Spores brown. 1530. Ur edo static es. Desm. “ Sea Lavender Uredo.” Sori few and scattered, orbicular or oval ; spores globose, brown. — Berk . Outl.p. 331. Cooke M.F. p. 2 05. On various species of Statice. 1581. Ur edo Mirons. Grev. “ Twin-faced Uredo.” On both surfaces of the leaves, often opposite, scattered, round, light-brown, girt with the remains of the epidermis; spores globose. — Grev. FI. ed. p. 435. Eng. FI. Y.p. 383. Cooke M.F. t. 7.f. 137-139. On Bumex acetosa and acetosella. July. — Sept. Uredo circle ^e. A. $ S. See Puccinia circcece. Gen. 180. TRICHOBASI3, Lev. Spores free, attached at first to a short peduncle, caducous. — Berk . Outl.p. 332. {Fig. 211.) It is very probable that none of tbe species here recorded under this geiius are autonomous, but until this is satisfactorily Fig. 217. traced, they are included. Species known to be forms of other fungi are inserted there. CJ30MACEI. 529 * Spores yellow. 1582. Tzichobasis glumamm. Lev. “ Glume Rust/' Sori minute, round, scarcely convex, subgregarious, often con- fluent ; spores globose or subovoid, orange, not pedicellate ; epispore smooth. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.p. 208. Berk. Outl . p. 332. On the glumes of Cereals. August. 1583. Tzichobasis symphyti. Lev. “ Comfrey Rust.” Sori minute, very numerous, scattered, roundish, then con- fluent ; epidermis ruptured, scarcely conspicuous around the margin ; spores subglobose, pallid orange. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847. Cooke M.F. p. 208. Berk. Outl. p. 332. Ur edo symphyti. D.C. FI. Fr. v. p. 87. Berk. exs. no. 320. Ann. N.H. no. 475. On Comfrey. May. 1584. Tzichobasis pyzolae. B. " Winter-green Rust.” Spots yellowish brown on the opposite side ; sori globose, minute, scattered or aggregate, on the under surface ; epidermis generally closed ; spores subglobose, yellow. — Berk. Outl.p. 332. Cooke M.F. p. 208. Uredo pyrolce. Grev.Fl. ed . p. 440. Link. Sp.ii.p. 15. On Pyrola rotundifolia , &c. 1585. Tzichobasis petzoselini. B. “ Parsley Rust.” Spots yellowish ; sori sub rotund and oval, confluent on both surfaces ; epidermis at length ruptured ; spores globose or sub- globose, occasionally obsoletely pedicellate, pale yellow. — Berk. Outl.p. 332. Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. p. 208. Cooke L.F. no. 34. Uredo petroselini . D.C. FI. Fr. ii. p. 597. Eng. FI. v. p. 379. U. CBcidiiformis. Grev. FI. ed.p . 441. On various Umbelliferce , as Smyrnium , Scandix , fyc. Most probably this is the Uredo form of Puccinia Smyrnii. * * Spores brown. 1586. Tzichobasis oblongata. B. “ Luzula Rust.” Spots oblong, often confluent, yellow-brown ; sori elliptic, on both surfaces ; epidermis closed ; spores brown, obtuse at either 530 CiEOMACEI. extremity. — Berk . Outl. p. 208. Cooke M.F. t. 7, /. 158, 159. XJredo oblongata. Grev. 1 . 12. Eng . FI. v.p. 376. On Luzuloe. May. — July. 1587. Tarichobasis betse. Lev. u Beet-leaf Rust.” Spots yellow; heaps subrotund and oval, scattered and con- centric, on the upper surface ; epidermis at length bursting ; spores subglobose, shortly pedicellate, brown. — Berk. Outl. p . 208. Cooke M.F. p. 209. Cooke exs.no. 70. IJredo Betce. Pers . Syn. p. 220. Eng. FI. v. p.377 . Berk.exs. no. 60. Cooke L.F no. 39. On leaves of Beta vulgaris. Aug. Sept. Common. 1588. Tzichobasis suaveolens. Lev. “ Thistle Rust.’ 7 Spots obliterated, yellow on the opposite side ; sori subrotund, nearly plane, scattered, at length confluent, on the under sur- face, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis; spores globose, brown. — Berk. Outl.p. 208. Cooke M.F. t. 7, f. 151, 153. Cooke exs. no. 73. Be Bary Brandpilze y t. iii. f. 1-4. Credo suaveolens . Pers. Syn.p. 221. Eng . FI. v.p. 379. On leaves of Cnicus arvensis , &c. Summer. Common. It generally covers the whole under surface of the leaves, and has a pecu- liar odour, more or less strong. 1589. Tarichobasis gearanii, B. “ Geranium Rust.” Spots yellowish ; sori subrotund, nearly plane, scattered or confluent ; spores subglobose, brown. — Berk. Outl. p. 208. Cooke M.F.p.%10. Credo geranii. B.C. FI. Fr.yi. p.73. Grev. t. 8. Eng. FI. v. p. 380. Sow. t. 398,/. 5. On various geraniums. 1590. Tarichobasis hydarocotyles. Cooke. “ Fluke- wort Rust.” Without definite spots ; sori chiefly on the upper, sometimes on the under surface, scattered, variable, roundish, erumpent, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores subglobose, at length brown ; epispore rough with minute tubercles. — Cooke Seem. Journ. Bot. ii.p. 344, M.F. p. 209, t. 8,/. 168, 169. Cooke exs. no. 69. Credo Hydrocotyles. Bertero. Mont. FI. Fernand, no. 59. FI. Chil. yiii.p. &Q. Ann. Sc. Hat. 1835. Mont. Syll.p. 315. Besm. exs. no. 2123. Rav. Fung. Car. Cooke L.F. no. 44. On Hydrocotyle vulgaris. July. — Sept. [S. Carolina.] CiEOMACEI. 531 1591. Trichobasis parnassiae. Cooke. u Grass of Parnassus Rust.” On both surfaces of the leaves ; sori at first bullate, at length rupturing the epidermis, scattered, often confluent ; spores glo- bose or nearly so, rather large, tawny brown. — Cooke Seem. Journ.Bot.ii . p. 344. Cooke M.F . p. 210. Cooke exs. no. 74. Uredo parnassice. West. Bull, de Brux. xix. no. 87. Herb. Crypt. Beige, no. 67 6. Ann. N.H. no. 1046. On Parnassia palustris. Sept. Norfolk. Trichobasis Trichobasis Trichobasis Trichobasis Trichobasis Trichobasis tarum. Trichobasis dearum. Trichobasis Trichobasis dearum. Trichobasis ferarum. Trichobasis Trichobasis Trichobasis Trichobasis norum. Trichobasis Trichobasis Trichobasis | See Puccinia graminis . RUBIGO-VERA. Lev. LINEARIS. Lev. senecionis. Berk. See Puccinia glomerata. caricina. Berk. See Puccinia striola. scillakum. Berk. See Uromyces concentrica. cichoracearum. Lev . See Puccinia composi- ARTEMisiiE. Berk. See Puccinia discoi - labiatarum. Lev. See Puccinia menthce. lychnidearum. Lev. See Puccinia lychni- umbellatarum. Lev. See Puccinia umbelli- heraclei. Berk. See Puccinia heraclei. FABiE. Lev. See Puccinia fabce. galii. Lev. See Puccinia galiorum. polygonorum. Berk. See Puccinia polygo- vincae. Berk. See Puccinia vincce. violarum. Berk. See Puccinia violarum . epilobii. Berk. See Puccinia pulverulenta . Gen. 181. LECYTHEA, Lev. Stroma surrounded or sprinkled with elongated abortive spores. Spores free, invested with their mother cell, or con- catenate. — Berk. Outl.p. 334. a. Spores free. 1592. Lecythea mixta. Lev. “ Orange Willow Rust.” Spots yellow; sori subrotund, aggregate, confluent, effuse, permanently surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores ob- 532 C^EOMACEI. long and pyriform, orange. — Lev. Ann . Sc. Nat. 1847, p. 374* Ann. N.H. no. 478. Cooke M.F.p. 206. Cceoma mixtum. Link . Berk. exs. no. 120. On both surfaces of the leaves of willows* 1593. Lecythea saliceti. Lev. " Common Willow Kust.’ r Spots yellowish ; sori subrotund, solitary, or in circles, sur- rounded by the ruptured epidermis ; barren spores subglobose and pedicellate or pyriform, fertile spores subglobose, orange. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.p. 207. Berk. Outl.p. 334. Uredo saliceti. Eng. FI. v. p. 385. On the under surface of willow leaves. Common. 139€:. Z.ecythea Baryi. Berk. “ De Bary’s rust.” Sori few ; cystidia with an abrupt globose head ; spores sub- globose. — Berk. Ann. N.H. 755. Cooke. M.F.p . 207. Berk. Outh p. 334. Epitea. de Bary Brand t. 4, f. 4. On leaves of Brachypodium pennatum. Rare. Gopsal. 1595. Becythea valerian*. Berk. “ Valerian Rust. ,r Spots yellowish ; sori subrotund, small, confluent, sometimes circulating ; epidermis at length bursting j spores reddish- brown subglobose, or clavate, shortly pedicellate. — Lev. Ann . Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F.p. 207 . Cooke exs. no. 63. Berk. Outl. p. 334. Cooke L. F. no. 32. Uredo valeriance. D. C . FI. Fr. v. p . 68. Berk. exs. no. 349. Ann. N.H. no. 474. On Valeriana officmalis. August. c. Spores concatenate — ( Podosporium . Lev.) 1596. Lecythea lini. Lev. “ Flax Rust.” Spots yellowish ; sori subrotund, scattered, surrounded by the ruptured epidermis ; spores globose or pyriform, sometimes pedicellate. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. Cooke M.F. t.8,f. 165-167. Berk. Outl.p. 334. Uredo Uni . D.C. FI. Fr. ii.p. 234. Moug. exs . no. 90. Grev. t. 31. Eng. FI. Y.p. 384. Desm. exs. no. 675. Berk . exs. no. 118. On Linum catharticum. July. v ^ecythea^ruborum. Lev . See Pliragmidium bulbosum. JECIDIACEI. 533 Lecythea rosm. Lev . See Phragmidium mucronatum. Lecythea populina. Lev. See Melampsora populina. Lecythea euphorbia. Lev . See Melampsora euphorbice. Lecythea epitea. Lev. See Melampsora salicina. Lecythea gyrosa. Lev. See Phragmidium gracile . Lecythea caprearum. Lev. See Melampsora salicina cnnjdilx^ Order XVII. JECIDIACEI. Peridium distinctly cellular. — Berk. Outl.p . 336. Peridium single. Elongated. Separating in threads Roestelia. Rupturing irregularly Peridermium. Abbreviated, or semi-immersed JEcidium. Immersed . Endophyllum. Peridium double, sessile Graphiola . Gen. 132. RCESTE3.IA, Peb. Peridium elongated, at length opening by lateral fissures, or a terminal lacerated mouth. Sper- mogonqs on the opposite surface, on the same or on different leaves. (Fig. 218.) 1597. Rcestelia cancellata. Beb. “ Pear-leaf Roestelia.” • Spermogones. Spots yellow or orange, with bluntish conical projections, which are at length blackish ; spermatia minute, oozing out at the apex, like an orange jelly. — Myxosporium col- liculosum. Berk. Outl.p. 325. Sow . t. 409. Protospores. Spots yellow, then red, prominent; peridia split to the base into lacinas, which remain united at the apex, on the same or on different leaves as the Spermogones. — Beb.FL Neom. p. 330. Cooke M.F. t. 2, /. 20, 21. Seem. Journ. ii .p. 33. Cooke exs. no. 332. Fckl . exs. no. 283. Berk. exs. no. 58. Kunze. 534 iECIDIACEI* exs.no.34t. Sow.t.^10. Eng. FI. y. p. 313. Moug.exs. no. 184. Kl. exs. no. 97. Gard. Chron. 1862, p. 689. On pear leaves. Autumn. [Maine, U.S. -1 The Podisoma sabince is related to this plant, according to CErsted, as one of its forms— see no. 1517. ante. 159S. Xtcestelia cornuta. Tul. “ Horn-like Rcestelia.” Spermogones. Spots rusty-brown, usually distinct from tbe tufts of peridia ; spermatia white. Protospores. Spots rusty-brown ; peridia cylindrical, slightly curved, yellowish-brown; spores greyish, at length brown.— Cooke M .F. t. 2,/. 18, 19. Cooke exs. no. 1. Fckl. exs. no. 284. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 33. Kl. exs . no. 96. KEcid, cornutum . Eng. FI. v. p. 373. Sow. t. 319. Grev. 1. 180. Moug. exs. no. 183. On the under surface of the leaves of the mountain ash ( Pyrus aucuparia.) August. Not common. {Fig. 218, enlarged.) 1599. Rcestelia lacezata. Tul. “ Fringed Roestelia.” Spermogones. Protospores. Peridia clustered in tufts, brown, elongated, splitting to the base in segments; spores light brown. — Cooke M.F.t.2,f.22-2$. Cooke es.no. 2. Fckl. exs. no. 286. Berk, exs. no. 111. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 33. Gard. Chron. 1861, p. 336. Cooke L.F. no. 50. KEcid. laceratum. Sow. t. 318. Eng. FI. v. p. 373. Grev. t. 209. Rav. exs. v. no. 96. On the under surface of the leaves, and on the petioles and fruit of the Hawthorn. Common. May to July. [New York, &c.] This species is said also to be in some manner associated with Podisoma Juniperi — see no. 1516. ante. Gen. 183. PEKBSHMIUBI, Chev. a. Peridium elongated, at length bursting irregularly. Spermo- gonia scattered, conspicuous. — {Fig. 219.) b. Fig. 219. iECIDIACEI* 535 1600 . Peiideirmium pint. Chev. “ Scotch fir Peridermium. ’ Spermogones. Vernal or autumnal, or both; spermatia large, white. Protospores. Peridia oblong, scattered, large; spores orange, abundant. — CooJce M.F. t. 2, /. 27, 28. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 34. Fckl. exs. no. 288. JEcidium pini. Eng . FI. v. p. 374. Grev . t . 7. Moug. exs. no. 186. Rav. exs. i. no. 93. On leaves and young branches of Scoth fir. Summer. (Fig. 219, a. nat size, b. magnified.) 1601. Peridermium elatinum. Lk. “ Silver Fir Perider- mium.” Spermogones. Protospores. Simple, immersed ; peridia elliptic, pallid ; sporidia orange. — Kze. exs. no. 141. Seem. Journ. ii .p. 34. Cooke M.F.p. 190. Fckl. exs. no. 290. On silver fir, altering both foliage and ramification. Not common. 1602. Peridermium columnare. A. & S. “Columnar Peridermium.” Spermogones. Protospores. Simple, slender, naked, cylindrical, elongated, lacerated at the apex, white ; spores orange. — A. S. Consp. 121, t. 5,/. 4. Kze. exs. no. 10. Cooke M. F. 2nd . ed.p . 223. Cooke exs. no. 214. On Picea. Sept. Near Torquay. Gen. 184. iSCIBIUM, Pers. Peridium seldom elongated, opening by a terminal mouth, surrounded by a fringe of re- curved teeth, or when short bursting irregularly. Spores dis- posed in chains. Spermogonia on the same or the opposite sur- face, clustered or scattered, cen- tral or intermixed. — ( Fig . 220.) 536 iECIDIACEI. Sect. I. — Peridia scattered (not collected in tufts or clusters). 1603. iScidium leucospermum. D.C. “ White-spored Cluster Cups.” Spermogones. Protospores. Spots yellowish ; peridia scattered, often covering the whole under surface; spores white, ovate. — D.C . FI. Fr.p. 239. Berlc. exs. no. 226. Seem . Journ . ii .p. 34. Cooke M.F. 1. 1,/. 4-6. Cooke exs. no. 3. Fckl.exs.no. 1930. Eng. FI. r.p. 371. Moug. exs. no. 185. Baxt. exs.no. 89. Berk.exs.no. 226. Lycoperdon anemones. Pult. Linn. Trans.ii.p.Sll. On both sides of leaves of Anemone nemorosa. June. Com- mon. 1604. iScidium quadrifidum. D.C. “ Four-lobed Cluster Cups.” Spermogones. Protospores. Spots brownish ; peridia scattered, occupying almost the entire under surface ; spores brown, subglobose.— D.C. FI. Fr. vi. p. 90. Eng. FI. v .p. 371. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 34. Cooke M.F. p. 190. Cooke exs. no. 101. Berk. exs. no. 227 . On the under surface of leaves of Anemone , in gardens. April. May. The lobes at the mouth of the peridium are not constantly four. 1605. -JEcidium albescens. Grev . “Moschatel Cluster Cups.’’ Spermogones. Protospores. Leaf blistered, whitish, scattered ; peridia white, split into a few large teeth ; spores yellowish-white.— Grev. FI. ed. p. 444. Eng. FI. v. p. 372. Desm. exs. no. 555. Seem. Journ. ii.p. 34. Cooke M.F. p. 190. On leaves and petioles of Adoxa moschatellina. April. 1606. JEcidium epilobii. D.C. “ Willow-herb Cluster Cups.” Spermogones. Protospores. Spots obliterated ; peridia scattered, at length oval, wider above ; spores orange, at length brown. — D.C. FI. Fr. ii. p. 238. Eng. FI. v. p. 372. Seem Journ. ii. p. 35. Cooke M.F. p. 190. Cooke exs. no. 4. Fckl. exs. no. 1927. Berk, exs.no. 348. Cooke L.F. no. 52. jECIDIACEI. 537 On the under surface of leaves of Epilobium hirsutum, E. mon- tanum,and E.palustre. June. — Aug. Common. [Cincinnati.] 1607. JEcidium thesii. Desm. “ Bastard -toad flax Cluster Cups.” Spermogones. Protospores. Spots obliterated ; peridia scattered or bise- riate, short, cylindrical, margin irregularly toothed, erect ; spores yellowish, then dingy. — CooTce M.F. t. 3. /. 50, 51. B. . 36. Cooke M.F.p. 191. Cooke exs. no. 7 . Fckl. exs. no. 277. Berk. exs. no. 110. Cooke L.F. no. 53. JEcid. rhamni. Pers. Ohs. t. 2,/. 4. On Bhamnus catharticus and B. frangula , Common. [United States.] ^ £o r Y"TT\\ , iECIDIACEI. 539 var. ( 3 . phillyre*. Spots obliterated. — JFcidium phillyrece . D.C . FZ. Fr. Yi.p. 96. On leaves and young sboots of Phillyrea . Chichester. t?ar. y. periclymeni. 2). <7. Spots variegated, yellow and brown. — JEcidium periclymeni. D.C . F7. Fr. ii. p. 597. Eng. FI. Y.p. 370. Seem. Jnurn.ii.p. 36. CookeM.F.p. 191. Cookeexs.no. 102. Fh&Z. no. 276. Cooke L.F. no. 54. On leaves of honeysuckle. June. — August. j3. Poculiformse. 1614. iEcidium calthae. Grev. Cups.” Spermogones. “Marsh Marigold Cluster Protospores. Aggregate ; peridia somewhat campanulate, with numerous minute marginal teeth ; spores bright orange, subglobose or 0 Y 2 X.--Grev.Fl.Ed. p. 446. Eng. FI. v. p. 371. Seem. Journ.ii.p.36. Cooke M.F.p. 191. On leaves and petioles of Caltha palustris. Spring. Rare. Margin of peridia pale and brittle. — Grev. 1615. iEcidium ranunculaceaium. D.C. u Crowfoot Cluster Cup.” Spermogones. Preceding the peridia, or simultaneous, and occupying the centre of the clusters ; spermatia minute. Protospores. Spots obliterated ; subiculum thickened ; peridia in irregular heaps, densely crowded together; spores orange. — D.C. FI. Fr. vi. p. 97. Sow. t. 397,/. 2. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 36. Cooke M.F. t.2, /. 12, 14. Cooke exs. no. 8. Fckl. exs. no. 263-265. Cooke L.F. no. 55. On leaves of various Ranunculacece. Spring. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] var. a. aquilegiae. Clusters small, scattered. — JEcid. aqui- legice. Pers. Ic. Piet. iv. t. 23, f. 4. On leaves of columbine. Shere. var. / 3 . clematidis. Spots brownish. — D.C. FI. Fr. ii. p. 243. Rabh. F.E.no. 284. On leaves, &c., of Clematis vitalba. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] 540 -ECIDIACEI. var. ry. thalictii. Grev. Clusters roundish ; peridia oblong. — Fckl . exs. no. 265. JEcidium thalictri. Grev. t. 4. Eng. FI. v. p. 371. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 35. Cooke M.F.p. 191. On leaves of Thalictrum minus , alpinum , &c. The form on leaves of Ranunculus ficaria is one of the earliest of spring fungi in making its appearance . 1616. JEcidium galii. Pers. “ Bed-straw Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots linear or oblong, obscurely brown ; peridia scattered, rarely aggregate, dentate, whitish ; spores egg-yellow. — Pers. Syn. p. 207. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 490. Seem. Journ . ii .p. 37. Cooke M.F. t. 2,/. 15-17. Cooke exs. no. 9. FckL exs. no. 280. On leaves of Galium verum and G. mollugo. 1617. JEcidium bunii. D.C '. “ Pig-nut Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots obliterated; subiculum thickened; peridia in irregular subrotund or oval heaps ; spores orange. — D.C. FI. Fr. vi ,p. 96. Eng. FI. v. p. 370. Seem. Journ. ii.p. 37. Cooke M.F.p. 192. Fckl. exs. no. 1928. On Bunium bulbocastanum and Pimpinella saxifraga. Spring. var. / 3 . poterii. Cooke. Peridia circinating or scattered. JEcidium poterii. Cooke Seem. Journ. ii. p. 39, 1. 14. f. 3. Cooke M.F.p. 193. On leaves and petioles of Poterium sanguisorba. May. June. Darenth. 1618. JEcidium valerianacearum. Duly. “Valerian Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Hypogenous, rarely cauline; spots on a thick- ened subcircular or oblong base ; peridia scattered, more or less crowded, cup -shaped, tawny, margin erect, denticulate; spores dirty yellow. — Duby. Syn.p. 908. Eng. Fl.v.p. 370. Seem. Journ. i\.p.37. Cooke M.F. p. 192. Cooke exs. no. 103. Fckl. exs. no. 273. Cooke L.F. no. 56. On Valeriana officinalis and F. dioica . JECIDIACEI. 541 1619. JEcidium asperifolii. Pers. “ Borage Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Clusters subrotund, on a slightly thickened subiculum ; peridia scattered ; spores orange. — Pers . Syn. p. 208. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 255. Seem. Journ. ii. p . 37. Cooke M.F.p. 192. Cooke exs. no. 325. Fckl. exs. no. 274. On leaves of various Boraginacece. Summer. The parts of the leaves on which it occurs are rendered concave on one side and convex on the other. 1620. JEcidium grossularias . D.C. “ Gooseberry Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots yellow, bright red on the opposite side, with a yellow border ; peridia crowded in roundish heaps, at length brown, and surrounded with a brown area; spores orange. — 1).C. FI. Fr. vi .p. 92. Grev. t. 62. Eng. FI v.p. 372. Moug. exs. no. 287. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 37. Cooke M.F. p. 192. Cooke exs. no. 10. On leaves and fruit of gooseberry and currant. May. June. Common. [Pennsylvania.] Yerj variable in the frequency of its occurrence. Some seasons it is very common ; in others scarce a specimen can be found. 1621. JEcidium urticoe. D.C. “ Nettle Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots obliterated; subiculum thickened; peridia disposed in elongated or subrotund heaps, at first sub- globose, then gaping ; spores orange. — D.C. FI. Fr. ii .p. 243. Eng. FI. v. p. 374. Moug.exs.no. 389. Desm. exs. no. 67 6 . Seem. Journ. ii .p. 37. Cooke M.F. 1 . 1,/. 10, 11. Cooke exs. no. 11. Fckl. exs. no. 281. Berk. exs. no. 112. On leaves and stems of nettles, distorting them very much. June. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] 1622. JEcidium behenis. D.C. “ Bladder-campion Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots yellow, brown on opposite side ; peridia somewhat circulating, in subrotund heaps ; spores brown. — D.C. FI. Fr. \ i. p. 94. Eng. FI. v. p. 372. Baxt. exs. no. 90. 542 iECIDIACEI. Seem. Journ . ii. p. 37. Cooke M.F. p. 192. Fckl. exs.no. 1542. Berk. exs. no. 340. On Bladder Campion ( Silene injiata.) Bare. Some of the peridia are short and open, others larger and closed. 1623. iEcidium or obi. B.C. “ Bitter-vetch Cluster Cups.” Spermogones. Protospores. — Spots yellow, effused ; peridia scattered, and disposed in small heaps; spores orange, at length white. — D.C . FI. Fr. vi. p. 95. Eng . FL v. p. 374. Seem . Journ. ii. p. 38. Cooke M.F . p. 192. Fckl. exs. no . 267. On stems and leaves of Orobus tuberosus . May. /3. Sub-immersse. 1624. ZEcidium compositarum. Mart. “ Composite Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots purplish, subrotund, confluent above ; peridia crowded, in orbicular patches, or circulating, on the under surface; spores orange, oval. — Mart. Erl.p. 314. Berk. exs. no. 322. Eng. FI. v. p. 370. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 38. Cooke M.F. p. 192. On various Composites. [United States.] var. a. Taraxaci. Grev. Clusters small, scattered. — FE. Taraxaci. Grev. FI. Ed. p. 444. On leaves of the dandelion. June to July. var. b. Pzenanthis. Pers. Spots circular or irregular, pur- plish ; subiculum incrassated. — M. prenanthis. Pers. Syn.p. 208. On leaves of Hawkweed ( Hieracium paludosum ). Summer. var. c. Tussilaginis. Pers. Clusters round, on a thickened base ; peridia circinating. — JE. Tussilaginis. Pers . Syn. 209. Sow. t. 397,/. 1. Moug. exs. no. 88. Cooke exs. no. 12. Fckl. exs. no. 27 0. Cooke L.F. no. 58. On the under surface of leaves of* Coltsfoot and Butterbur. Common. Autumn. var. d. Jacobsese. Grev. Pustular, soon becoming agglo- merated, numerous, depressed; peridia splitting into short, brittle, yellowish-white teeth. — JE. Jacob cece. Grev. iECIDIACEI. On leaves of Senecio Jacobcea and Sonchus arvensis. August. 543 June to var. e. Lapsani. Purt. Spots purplish, irregular, con- fluent, on both sides of the leaves; peridia amphigenous, in irregular patches or scattered, not prominent, teeth numerous, minute, reflexed; spores yellow, oval. — JE. lapsani. Purt . M.S.S. Seem. Journ. ii .p. 38, t. 14, f. 2. Cooke exs. no. 13, Fckl. exs. no. 271. On both surfaces of the leaves of Lapsana communis. April. var. f. bellidis. D.C. Berk. exs. no. 225. Cooke L.F . no. 57. Cooke exs. no. 327. On leaves of common Daisy. 1625. iScidmm saniculae. Cam. “ Sanicle Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots purplish, slightly incrassated, small, scattered, roundish ; peridia in small circinate clusters, hypo- genous, and on the petioles, at first hemispherical, at length open, margin with from 4 to 6 spreading lobes ; spores yellowish, elliptical. — Cooke Seem. Journ. ii .p. 39, 1. 14,/. 1. Cooke M.F.p. 192. Cooke exs. no. 14. On leaves and petioles of Sanicula Europcea. May. June. 1626. iEcidium viol«e. Sclmm. u Violet Cluster Cup.sJJ Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots yellowish ; peridia in irregular heaps, seriate and scattered ; spores orange, at length brown. — Grev. FI. Ed. p. 444. Eng. FI. v. p. 372. Seem. Journ. ii .p. 39. Cooke M.F.p. 193. Cooke exs.no. 104. Fckl. exs. no. 27 5. Berk. exs. no. 228. On leaves, petioles, and sepals of violets. May. June. Common. [United States.] 1627. iEcidium geranii. D.C. “ Cranesbill Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots yellow and purple; peridia in circi- nating clusters; spores yellow, at length brown. — B.C. FI. Fr. vi. p. 93. Eng. FI. v. p. 371. Seem. Journ. ii.p. 40. Cooke M.F. p. 193. Cooke exs.no. 107. On the under surface of leaves of Geranium pratense and G. dissectum. [S. Carolina.] 544 iECIDIACEI. 1628. iEcidium menthae. D.C. “ Mint Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots obliterated; subiculum thickened; peridia scattered, emersed, or aggregate and immersed ; spores orange, elliptic. — D.C. FI. Fr. vi .p. 95. Eng. FI. v .p. 370. Seem. Journ.ii.p. 40. CooTce M.F. p. 193. On various mints. 1629. iEcidium scroplmlaiiae. D.C. “ Figwort Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots yellowish ; peridia in roundish circi- nate clusters (rarely scattered) on the under surface ; spores whitish, becoming tawny. — D.C. FI. Fr. vi.p. 91. Ayres, exs. no. 21. Seem. Journ.ii. p. 40. Cooke M.F. p. 193. Cooke exs. no. 209. On the leaves of Scrophularia aguatica. June. 1630. iEcidium pedicularis. Loboscli . “ Ked-rattle Cluster Cups.” ERMOGONES ? iotospores. Spots obliterated ; subiculum thickened ; lia thickly and irregularly clustered, sub-immersed ; spores , pallid orange. — Lk. Sp. ii. p. 47. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. . Cooke M.F. p. 194. Lob. Act. Soc. Mosc. v. 76, t. 1. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 40. Cooke exs. no. 105. On Pedicularis palustris. Sept. 1631. iEcidium primulas. D.C. “ Primrose Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots obliterated ; peridia solitary, scattered, and crowded, hypogenous ; spores whitish-yellow. — D.C. FI. Fr. vi .p. 90. Eng. FI. v.p. 369. Seem. Jovrn. ii.p. 40. Cooke M.F. p. 194. Cooke exs. no. 296. Berk. exs. no. 341. On the under surface of leaves of primroses. May. 1632. iEcidium rube llum. Pers. “ Dock Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots purple; peridia circulating; centre free ; spores yellowish-white. — Eng. FI. y.p. 369. Moug. exs. no. 286. Sow. t. 405. Purt. iii. t. 26. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 40. Cooke iECIDIACEI. 545 M.F.p. 194. Cooke exs. no. 15. Fckl. exs . no. 1664. Cooke L.F. no. 59. On leaves of dock, rhubarb, and sorrel. May. June. [United States.] var. ( 5 . aviculaire, Kunze. Without definite spots. On leaves of Polygonum aviculare. Winchester. We have seen only one specimen of this variety, received from Mr. F. J. Warner, and from that would be disposed to regard it as a distinct species, but have not done so on the faith of a single specimen, 1633. iEcidium ari. Berk. Wake-robin Cluster Cups.” Spermogones ? Protospores. Spots round, confluent ; peridia circulating, not crowded, central ones abortive. — Eng. FI. v. p. 369. Seem. Journ. ii . p. 41. Cooke M.F. p. 194. On leaves of Arum maculatum. June. July. Pare. [United States.] 1634. iEcidium allii. Grev. “ Garlic Cluster Cups.*’ Spermogones. Preceding the peridia on the same or on different leaves ; spermatia minute, white. Protospores. Spots pale ; peridia circinating, not con- tiguous ; spores yellowish. — Grev. FI. Ed. p. 447. Eng. Fl.lT.~p. 369. Seem. Journ. ii. p. 41. Cooke M.F. p. 194. Cooke exs.no. 16. On leaves of Allium ursinum . June. July. 1635. iEcidium or chidearum. Fiedl. “ Orchis Cluster Cup.” Spermogones. Sometimes occupying the centre of the tufts. Protospores. Spots large, pallid, orbicular or elongated ; peridia circinating, semi-immersed ; spores golden-yellow. — Cooke M.F. 2(7. ed. p.223. Cooke exs.no. 106. Kl.exs.no. 1690. On Orchis latifolia. June. Gen. 185. ENDQPHYX.X.UM, Lev. Peridium enclosed within the substance of the leaf, bursting irregularly. 2 A 546 iECIDIACEI. 1636. Endophyllum sempervivi. Lev. “Houseleek Endophyllum.” Peridia immersed, elliptic or roundish ; spores ochraceous, be- coming brownish. — Uredo sempervivi. A. S. p. 126. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 476. Seem. Journ. ii.j9. 41. Cooke M.F.p. 194. On leaves of houseleek. Rare. Warwickshire. Gen . 186. GXLAPHXOLA, Poit. Peridium sessile, ovate, double, exterior compact, coriaceous ; in- terior [membranaceous, incised, longer than the exterior, giving rise to fascicles of erect, long, simple threads; spores copious, minute, globose. — Corda. Anl.p. 74. (Fig. 221.) Fig. 221. 1637. Gzaphiola phcenicis. Poit. “ Date. Palm Graphiola.” Outer peridium hard, blackish ; inner peridium membrana- ceous, fugitive ; spores yellow. — Poiteau. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1824, p. 473, t. 26,/. 2. Ann. N.H. no. 1049. Chev. FI. Par. t. 2, f. 1. Bail. 1. 18. Corda. Anl. t. C.f. 26, no. 5-8. Desm. exs. no. 436. Rav. exs . iv. no. 72. On palm leaves in conservatories. [Texas.] (Fig. 221.) ISARIACEI, 547 FAMILY IV. HYPHOMYCETES. Filamentous. Fertile threads naked, for the most part free, especially above, or loosely compacted, simple or branched, bearing the spores at their apices, rarely more closely packed, so as to form a distinct common stem. — Berk . Outl. p. 337. Fertile threads compacted, sometimes cellular Stem or stroma compound Spores dry, volatile Mass of spores moist, diffluent Fertile threads free or anastomosing Fertile threads dark, carbonized Spores mostly compound Fertile threads not carbonized Yery distinct Spores mostly simple Scarcely distinct from mycelium Spores profuse . Isariacei . Stilbacei. . Dematieu . Mucedines . ", • Sepedoniei . ■Order XVIII. ISARIACEI. Threads more or less compacted, plants assuming hymeno- mycetous forms. — Berk. Outl.p. 338. Receptacle elongated. Tips free Floccose . Dilated above Receptacle branched Subgelatinous . Receptacle clavate Dusted with the spores Isaria . Anthina. Ceratium. Pachnocybe . Some of the species formerly included in this order are now known to be conidiiferous states of higher forms. Many others are suspected. 2 a 2 ISARIACEI. ZSAStIA, Fr. Receptacle elongated, floccose, without any distinct heads. Tips of threads only free. — Berk. Outl.p. 338. (Fig. 222.) 1638. Isaria felina. Fr. “ Cat’s Isaria.” Csespitose, elongated, filiform, branched, white, internally solid, filamentose ; sporife- rous stratum lax, farinaceous. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 271. Chev. Jour. Ph. 1822, t. 1,/. 5. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1050. On cat’s dung in cellars. Jan. London. The specimens found were mixed with Mucor yphycomyces. Isaria farinosa. Fr. is a condition of Torrubia militaris . Tul. (Fig. 222.) 1639. Isaria arachnophila. Ditm. “ Spider Isaria.” Sub-csespitose, clavate, simple, white ; generally pubescent or pulverulent, conidia in moniliform threads. — Fr. S.M. iii.^. 273. Sturm, t. 55. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 117. Bisch.f. 3769. On dead spiders. Colleyweston. This is not an autonomous species, but the conidia of some Torrubia . 1640. Isaria brachiata. Sclmm. “ Branched Isaria.” Gregarious, rigid, becoming smooth at the base, very much branched ; branches slender, patent, straight, white. — Fr. S.M. iii. 279. Batsch.f. 163. Berk. Mag. Zool. $ Bot. no. 30. FI. Dan. t. 2280, /. 3. Kl.exs.no. 1426. Fckl.exs.no. 169. On dead herbaceous stems. March. [Mid. Carolina.] 1641. Isaria citrina. P. 11 Lemon-coloured Isaria.” Gregarious, very much branched, soft, everywhere pilose, lemon-coloured, whitish at the tips. — Fr. S.M.m.p. 279. Berk. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 31. Pers. Ic. Des. t. 3 ,f. 1. Sturm . t. 57. Corda. Anl. t. 9,/. 71, no. 5-7. Bisch.f. 3786. Pay.f. 351. On decaying fungi. Aug. — Nov. [Mid. Carolina.] 548 Gen . 187. Fig. 222. ISARIACEI. 549 164=2. Isaria intricata. Fr. 11 Intricate Isaria.” Csespitose, capillary, branched, white; branches few, erect, intricate, villous ; apices of the threads monosporous. — Fr. S.M . iii.^9. 278. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 118. On decaying fungi. Autumn. 1643. Isaria Friesii. Mont . “Fries’s Isaria.” Small, fasciculate, erumpent, white, villous, flocci bearing at their tips a minute, oblong, hyaline spore. — Mont. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. ii.-vi.j9. 28, vol. v. t. 12. /. 8. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 491. On dead twigs. Sometimes pale grey, sometimes fawn coloured. Not more than a line in length. 1644. Isaria pnbcrula. Berk. “ Dahlia flower Isaria.” Minute, reddish ; stem straight, branches few and simple ; apices clavate. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 221, 1. 12, f. 12. On dead flowers of Dahlia . About 1 line high ; stem straight, slender, with generally three short obtuse branchlets given off from the same point, occasionally the stem is forked, but in this case I have not seen the second division branched. The whole plant is of a reddish-gray hue, and is mealy, with little granules and flocci. Gen. 188. ANTHINA, Fr. Fig. 223. Receptacle elongated, vertical, confluent with the stem, dilated above. Tips of threads only free. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 281. Berk. Outl.p. 888. (Fig. 228.) 1645. Anthina fiammea. Fr. “Yellow Anthina. Attenuated downwards, smooth, blood- red, inclining to saffron-yellow, dilated above, plumose, yellow. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 288. Eng. Fl.x.p. 829. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 119. Berk. Outl. t. 21 ,f. 8. Roth. t. S,f. 1. Jungh. Linn. 1880, t. 7,/. 4. Clavaria miniata, Purt. t. 18. Bisch.f. 8772. Fckl. exs.no. 1659. Berk. exs. no. 206. On fallen beech leaves. Autumn. (j Fig. 228.) 550 ISARIACEI. Gen . 189 B CERATIUM, A. & S. Keeeptacle branched, cylin- drical, membranous, reticulated, sub-gelatinous, clothed with short fertile fioeci, one in the centre of each reticulation. — Fr. S.M. iii. j?. 293. Berk. Outh p. 338. Eng. FI. y.p. 329. (Fig. 224.) 1646. Ceratmm hydnoides. A. $ S. “ Chalky Ceratium.” Aggregated, clavulge sub- discrete, resembling prickles, at length chalk-white. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 294. Mich. t. 92,/. 2. Eng.Fl.y.p. 329. Bisch.f. 3770. Corda. Anl. t . 9, f. 71, no. 1-4. Kl. exs . no. 572. Fckl.exs . no. 170. FI. Dan. t. 718./. 2. Jacq . Misc.i. t. 16. Batsch.f. 19. Bull. £.415,/. 2. A. if S.t.2.f.7. Link. Diss. i. £. i./. 38. Neez.f. 82. GW. £. 168. Clavaria bys- soides , aSW. 335. (^*<7- 224.) On rotten wood. [New England.] Gen. 190 . PACHMOCYBE, Berk. Stem solid, filiform below, clavate above, dusted with the minute spores. — Berk . Outl.p. 339. Eng. FI. v. p. 333. (i^. 225.) 1647, Pachnocybe subuiata. “ Awl-shaped Pachnocybe.” Stem brown-grey, subulate, slightly inerassated above ; spores minute.— Berk. Eng. FI. y.p. 333. Sow. t. 386,/. 5. Fees. FA. Cur. ix. t. 5,/. 8. Sturm . t. 30. Berk. exs. no. 51. On wood, sticks, &c. [Low. Carolina.] Stem £-2 lines or more high, brownish cinereous, truly subulate, or slightly thickened above, often fasciculate, occasionally breaking up longi- tudinally into flocci, the upper half clouded with the minute elliptic spores, which gradually fall awav when the plant is placed in water. Eng. FI. (Dig. 225.) ISARIACEI, 551 1648. Pachnocybe grisea. Berk. “ Grey Pachnocybe.” Densely gregarious, abbreviated ; stem blackish ; heads glo- bose ; spores grey. — BerJc. Eng. FI. v. p. 334. Perieonia discolor , Gorda. iii .f 38. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 495*. On dead herbaceous stems. Stem dark, nearly black, composed of fibres not a line high, bead greyish, at length dusky, spores elliptic. — Eng. FI. 1649. Pachnocybe acicula. Berk. “Needle-shaped Pachnocybe.” Gregarious ; stem white or pallid ; head sub-globose ; spores elliptic. — Eng. FI. v. p. 334. On dead herbaceous stems. Mycelium obsolete. Scarcely a line bigh, gregarious, but rather scattered, pure white, or with the slightest possible pallid tinge on the stem. Stem splitting uo into fibres ; receptacle sub-globose, covered with minute elliptic spores. — Eng. FI. 1650. Pachnocybe albida. Berk. “Whitish Pachnocybe.” Gregarious, pure white, clavato, spores large, oval (oval- oblong. Fr.) — Eng . FI. v. p . 335. Sporocybe albida , Fr. S.M. Iii. p. 14. Berk. exs. no. 52. On rotten wood. Not a line high. Gregarious, but rather scattered, white ; stem marked with cells like the leaves of a Hypnum , filiform at the base, confluent with the strongly clavate apex, which is sometimes forked. Spores scattered on the receptacle, large, oval, transparent. — Eng. FI. 552 STILBACEI, Order XIX. STILBACEI. Receptacle subglobose, often stipitate, clothed with mostly minute, diffluent, sub-*gelatinous spores. — Berk. Outl.p. 339. More or less stipitate Stem firm ; head subglobose Spores minute, involved in gluten Spores fusiform Straight . Curved Shortly, or scarcely stipitate Receptacle wart-like Spores minute, gelatinous Sessile Receptacle bristly Spores gelatinous, diffluent . Receptacle discoid, immarginate Receptacle at length marginate Receptacle subglobose, vesicular Receptacle obscure Spores pulverulent . Spores disposed in threads Stilbum. Atractium . Microcera. Tuber cularia. Volutella. Fusarium . Myrothecium. Epicoccum. Illosporium. AEgerita. Gen. 191 . STILBUM, Tode. Fig. 226. Stem firm, elongated ; head nearly v globose ; spores minute, or elon- gated, involved in gluten. Berk. Outl.p. 339. Eng. Fl.y.p. 329. (Fig. 226.) 1651. Stilbum tomentosum. Schrad. “ Woolly Stilbum.” White, head globose ; stems equal, tomentose, connected by a byssoid mycelium. — Schrad. Journ. 1799, t. 3,/. 1. Fr. S.M . iii. p. 301. Grev. t. 281. Sturm, t. 46. Eng. Fl.y.p. 330. Bisch.f. 3781. On different species of Tricliia. [Low. Carolina.] STILBACEI, 553 1652. Stilbum aurantiacum. Berk. “ Orange Stilbum.” Subfasciculate, orange ; stem smooth, darker below, head sub-clavate ; spores oblong, obtuse, subtruncate. — Berk. Ana . N.H . no. 223, t. 12,/. 14. Bab. Abstr. Linn . Trans. 1839. On dead elm branches. Leicestershire. Receptacle composed of sub-dichotomous filaments, crowned with abortive spores, which are about one third shorter than those which are perfect. 1553. Stilbum vaporarium. B. $ Br. “ Stove Stilbum.” Stems crowded, fasciculate, more or less connate at the base, cinereous ; heads flesh coloured ; spores oblong, large. — Ann . N.H. no. 493. On wood in stoves. Kew Gardens. This species can scarcely be regarded as indigenous ; if so it is still too closely allied to Stilbum fasciculatum, from which it differs chiefly in the size of the spores. 1654. Stilbum fasciculatum. B , Br. “ Fasciculate Stilbum.” Stems flabellato-fasciculate, connate at the base, cinereous ; heads flesh coloured ; spores elliptic, small. — Ann. N.H. no. 492- 1148*. On decayed wood. Swansea. Stems gray, fasciculate, connate at the base, so as to form little flabelli- form tufts. Figured by Tulasne ( Carp. iii. t. 14, /. 14-19.) as a state of his Sporostilbe gracilipes , and is therefore not autonomous. 1655. Stilbum fimetarium. B.&Br. “ Dung Stilbum.” Small, of a pleasant red colour; head at first subconical, then nearly plane, somewhat angular. — Ann. N.H. no. 494. Helotium Jimetarium , Pers . Syn.p. 678. Leotia fimetaria , Pers. Obs. ii. t. 5, /• 4,5. On dung. [S. Carolina.] 1656. Stilbum ery throe ephalum. Bitm. 11 Rosy Stilbum.” Heads globoso-turbinate, rose-coloured ; stem rather thick, pilose, whitish. — Fr. S.M. iii . p. 302. Ditm. Sturm, t. 45. Eng. FI. v. p. 330. Bisch.f. 3780. Kl. exs. no. 1428. 2 a 5 554 STILBACEI On dung. King’s Cliffe* Scattered- Stem equal or attenuated upwards, at first blunt, without any head, and clothed with patent subfasciculate, or suberect down, with a few spreading flocci at the base, at length the apex swells, at first downy all over, but soon smooth, a little rugged, firm ; spores elliptic. — Eng, FI. 1657. Stilhum rigidum. P. “ Rigid Stilbum.’ r Head subrotund, hyaline, then milk-white or cinereons ; stem filiform, very long, black. — Ust. Ann . ii. t.2,f. 2. Sturm, t. 59; Berk. Mag. Zool. Bot. no, 32. Fr, S.M . iii.p. 302. FckL exs. no 177. On decayed wood. [Mid. Carolina.] 1668. Stilhum piliforme. P. “ Hair-like Stilbum. n Head globose, hyaline ; stems fasciculate, subulate, rigid, black. — Fr. S.M, iii.^9. 303. Nees.f. 88. Berk. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no » 33. Corda . Ant. t, B.f. 20, no. 4-6. Berk . exs. no. 50. On decayed wood. [Mid. Carolina.] 1859= Stilhum hicolor. P, “■ Two-coloured Stilbum. ,r Head subrotund, whitish ; stem subulate, pallid, olive-brown below. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 303. Eng.FLv.p. 330. FLJDan,t. 2280 r /•!• On trunks of trees. Appin. I860. Stilhum anomalum. Berk. “ Anomalous Stilbum. ,r Head subglobose, yellow ; stem black, yellow above, generally smooth, sometimes slightly floccose at the base; spores sub- fusiform. — Berk. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 34, t. 3 ,f. 9. On dead twigs. King’s Cliffe. About half a line high; stem black, yellow above,, generally smooth, but sometimes furnished with a few short flocci towards the base ; head sub- globose, yellow, when placed in water falling away into subfusiform spores, which rest upon a flat disc-like expansion of the upper part of the stem. Con- sistence not at all gelatinous. Resembling S. xantftocepAalum , except in the form of the spores. — M.J.B. 1661. Stilhum nigrum. Berk. “ Black Stilhum . n Stem short, dirty white, head ovate or subglobose, granulated : spores subcylindric. — Eng. Fl.v.p. 330. On dead Eriophorum. STILBACEI 555 About \ line high, stem rather more than half the whole height, head somewhat granulated, compact, and not the least pulverulent when dry, dissolving in water, and giving out a multitude of minute, subcylindric spores, which are spread over the depressed black apex of the stem. — Eng. FI. 1662. Stilbum pellucidum. Schrad. “ Pellucid Stilbum.” Head subrotund, whitish ; stem equal, rigid, hyaline. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 304. Eng. FI. v.p. 330. Fclcl. exs. no. 176. On wood and decayed fungi. 1663. Stilbum tuirbinatum. Tode. “ Top-shaped Stilbum.” Head globose or turbinate, pellucid, yellowish, as well as the sub- equal stem. — Fr. S.M . iii .p. 304. Eng. FI. v.p. 330. Tode. t. 2, /. 2. Pers. Ic. Piet. t. 22,/. 1. Bisch.f. 3811. Pabh. F.E. no. 61. On soft decayed wood. [Mid. Carolina.] Head inversely pear-shaped, white ; spores globose. Stem attenuated upwards, pale yellow, at length verdigris-green at the base, probably from the presence of some minute Algse. — Eng. FI. 1664. Stilbum vulgasre. Tode. “ Common Stilbum.” Gregarious, whitish, head globose ; stem subequal, rather thick. — Fr. S.M. iii. 305. Eng. FI. v.p. 330. Tode. t. 2,/. 16. Sturm . t. 58. Kl. exs.no. 1752. Schnzl. t.l2,f. 44,45. Corda. If. 272. On decaying wood, &e. [Mid. Carolina.] “ Head roundish, nearly white, semi-fluid, at length firmer and yellowish; stem rather thick, cylindrical always minute, but variable, the head at length pruinose from the globose white spores. {Tig. 226.) ATRACTZUM. Fr. Stem firm ; head subglobose ; spores fusiform, elongated. — Berk. Outl.p. 340. {Fig. 227.) 1665. Atractium flammeum. B.&Rav. “ Flame-red Atractium.” Shortly sub-cylindrical, flame-red, white below, pruinose ; spores curved, fusiform, hyaline, with six or more septa, on long sporophores. — Ann. N.H-. no. 757. Tul. Carp. iii. jo. 104, t. xiii./. 12. On the bark of willows. [S. Carolina.] Scarcely ^ line high, head convex ; spores *003 in. long. The habit is just that of Stilbum aurantiacum. According to Tulasne this is the conidiophorous state of Sphcerostilbe flammea. {Tig. 227.) Gen. 192. STILBACEI. MICRO CERA, Desm. Veil persistent, membranaceo-floc- cose, then splitting above into latinise ; receptacle clavate, fleshy, composed of nearly simple sporiferous threads ; spores fusiform, arcuate. — Desm . Ann . Sc. Nat. ( 1848J.x. i ?.359. (Ftg. 228.) Fig. 228. 1666. Microcera coccophila. Desm. “ Coccus Microcera.” Very minute, subcaespitose, conical, simple, rose-red, mem- brane of the base very thin, whitish, vaginate, connate ; spores hyaline, elongated, acute at either end. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1848, x.p. 359. Exs. no. 1750. Rabh. exs. no. 269. Cooke exs. no. 350. Tul. F. Carp. iii.^. 105. Parasitic on Cocci on bark of trees. Tulasne considers this to be the conidiophorous form of a species of Nectria . {Fig. 228.) Gen. 194. VOLUTELLA, Fr. Receptacle fringed, or studded with long hyaline bristles ; spores diffluent, gelatinous. — Fr. S.M. iii.j?. 466. Berk. Outl.p. 340. {Fig. 229.) 1667. Fr. Volutella ciliata. “ Fringed Volutella.’ , Substipitate, whitish, then rose coloured, circumference ciliated with erect bristles. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 467. Bisch.f. 3827. Psilonia rosea , Eng. FI. Y.p. 353. Berk. exs. no. 56. Ann. N.H. no. 495. On potatoes. Winter and spring. [Mid. Carolina.] Spores elliptic or oblong, larger and slightly curved ; bristles sharp-pointed, septate There is a sort of stroma, probably formed from abortive bristles. - M.J.B . STILBACEI. 557 1668. Volutella setosa. Berk. “ Bristly Volutella.” Quite sessile, white, mass of spores surrounded by and mixed with erect elongated bristles. — Berk. Outl. p. 340. Psilonia setosa , Eng. FI. v. p. 353. FEgerita setosa , Grev. t. 2 68,/. 2. Fr. S.M. iii.p. 220. On wood, herbaceous stems, &c. Appin. Spores globose and fusiform. The bristles spring from the base and pene- trate the whole mass. (Big. 229.) 1669. Volutella hyacinthorum. Berk. “ Hyacinth Volutella” Very minute, white, very shortly but distinctly stipitate, mass of spores surrounded by bristles. — Berk. Out. p. 340. Psilonia hyacinthorum , Eng. FI. y.p. 353. On dead bulbs. King’s Cliffe. Volutella Buxi. Berk. Outl . is a state of Nectria Bous- seliana. 1670. Volutella melaloma. B.fyBr. “ Orange Volutella.” Stroma orange, hairs black ; spores shortly fusiform, slightly lunate, appendiculate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 496, t. xi .f. 3. On Carices. Perfectly superficial. Stroma and spores bright orange, fringed with black articulated hairs. In company with N eottiospora caricum . Gen. 195. TUBERCULARIA, Tode. Beceptacle verrucseform, in- nate, clothed with a dense stra- tum of gelatinous, minute spores. — Berk. Outl.p. 340. Probably none of the species are autonomous. (Fig. 230.) 1671. Tubercularia granulata. P. “ Granulate Tubercularia.” Stratum of spores, rugose, dirty-red, at length brown, margin naked ; spores subfusiform. — Fr. S.M. iii.^. 465. Grev. 1. 187. 558 STILBACEI. Fries, exs. no. 257 . Eng. Fl.v.p. 354. Bon. t. ii.f. 222. Bisch.f. 3831. Kl. exs. 99, 1392. On dead branches. [United States.] (Fig. 230 nat. size and magnified section*) 1672. Tubercularia nigricans. Lk. “ Blackish Tubercularia.” Stratum of spores, even, red, at length black, margin naked. —Fr. S.M. iii. p. 465, Bull. t. 455,/. 1. Eng. FI. Y.p. 354. On thunks. [Mid. Carolina.] It is very doubtful whether this and the preceding are any more than aberrant forms of Tubercularia vulgaris , and therefore only conidia of Nectria. See Tulasne Carp. iii. p. 79. 1673. Tubercularia persicina. Ditm. “ Parasitic Tuber- cularia.” Sub-innate, white ; stratum of spores even, convex, lilac. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 466. Sturm, iii. t. 49. Bisch.f. 3833. Kl. exs. no. 1163. Fclcl. exs. no. 1642. On pustules of KEcidia. [Low. Carolina.] Tubercularia vulgaris. Tode , Eng. FI. v. p. 354 is only the conidiiferous condition of Nectria cinnabarina. FUSARIUM, Link. Receptacle discoid, innato-erumpent, immarginate, clothed with diffluent sub- gelatinous spores. — Berk. Outl.p. 341. The majority of species included under this f genus are probably conditions of higher forms. (Fig. 2310 1674. Fusarium lateritium. Nees. “ Brick-red Fusarium.” Hemispherical or irregular, soft, yellowish-red, stroma some- what thickened, spores curved. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 470. Nees. f. 26. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 249. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1837, viii. t.2J. 1. Bisch. f. 3837. Fckl. exs. no. 210. Berk. exs. no. 262. On dead twigs (willow, lime, &c.). [Low. Carolina.] Gen. 196. STILBACET, 559 1675. Fusarium hetezonema. B. & Br. u Pear Fusarium.” Flocci septate below, joints broad, inarticulate above, branched, often forked, slender ; spores oblong, cur^bd, uniseptate. — Ann . N.H. no. 1051, t. xi v.f. 9. On decaying pears. Oct. Batbeaston. Resembling somewhat Septosporium curvatum t Casp. but not really closely allied. This species is often accompanied by the common orange Fusarium , which is known at once by its very different spores. — B. Br. {Fig. 231.) 1676. Fusarium heterosporium. N. “ Rye Fusarium.” Effused, red, stroma of conidia expanded, perfect spores curved. — Fr . S.M. iii. p. 472. Fees. N.A. Cur. i x.p. 135. Ann . N.H. no. 955. FcJcl. exs. no. 1068. Bisch.f. 3898. Pringsh. Jalirb. ii. t. 29, f. 20. Kl. exs. ii. no. 187. On glumes and seeds of Bye. Near Arundel. Most probably the stylospores of Claviceps purpurea , Tul. Fusarium roseum. Link. See Nectria pulicaris , of which Tulasne states it is the conidia. Fusarium tremelloides. Grev . is doubtless only a stylos- porous condition of Peziza fusarioides .. Gen. 197. MYE0THEC2UM, Tode. Beceptacle at length marginate; spores dif- fluent, oblong, forming a flat or slightly convex dark-green stratum. — Berk. Outl.p. 341. {Fig. 232. Fig. 232. 1677. Myrothecium roridum. Tode. 11 Dewy Myrothecium.” Disc turgid ; spores cylindrical. — Fr. S.M. iii.^. 217. Tode. t. 5,/. 38. Grev. 1. 140. Eng. FI. v.p. 323. Bisch.f. 3685. Fckl. exs. no. 166. On decaying plants. [Low. Carolina.] {F ig . 232.) STILBACET. EPICOCCUM, Link. Receptacle subglobose, vesicular, studded with large, somewhat stipi- tate spores.~Z?£r&. Outl.p. 341. (Fig. 233J 1673. Epicoccum neglectum. Desm. “ Little Epicoccum.” Very minute, gregarious ; spots none; stroma subglobose, purplish brown ; spores numerous, spherical, reticulated, brown, areolse darker, pedicel very short, conico-truncate, hya- line. — B . Br. Ann. N.H. no. 500. Desm. exs. no. 540. Desm . Ann. Sc. Nat. (1842). xvii. p. 95. On decaying plants. [Low. Carolina.] Spores ('0005 in.) *0125 m.m. long. (. Fig . 233.) 1679. Epicoccum equiseti. Berk. “ Horse-tail Epicoccum.” Linear, occupying the stride of the stem ; spores globose, minute, atro-sanguineous, smooth. — Berk. Out.p. 341. Uredo equiseti , Eng. FI. v. p. 384. Feld. exs. no. 237. On Equisetum limosum. Fineshade, Norths. 560 Gen. 198. Fig. 233. Gen. 199. •J&r - Fig. 234. ILLOSPORIUM, Mont. Receptacle obscure ; spores irregular, falling away like meal. — Berk. Outl.p. 341. {Fig. 234.) 1680. Illospoiium xoseum. Fr. “ Kosy Illosporium.” Heaped up in an irregular tubercle, soft, breaking to pieces, rose-coloured. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 258. Eng. FI. v. p. 328. Grev. t. 51. FI. Dan. 1 . 1243. Fckl.exs. no. 241,/. 1. Schnzl. 1 . 14,/. 1-3. Willk.f. 40 c. Rabh.F.E.no. 72. On tbe larger tree lichens, Parmelia saxatilis, &c. (Fig. 234.) STILBACEI. 561 1681° Illospojrmm carneum. hr. “Flesh-coloured Illos- porium.” Gregarious, globular, free, soft, sub-pulverulent, flesliy-red. — Fr. S.M. iii .p. 259. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 497. Berk. exs. no. 293. Babh. F.E. no. 73. On Peltidea canina. Apethorpe. 1682. Zllosporium coralliimm. Roberge. “Coralline Illosporium. ,, Gregarious, minute, rosy, globose, then cylindrical, somewhat branched, coralline ; spores conglutinate, polymorphous, sub- hyaline. — Desm.Ann. Sc. Fat. (1848), x. p. 342. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 498. Desm.exs. no. 1551. I. coccineum, Corda. On Borrera tenella. Autumn and Winter. 1683. Illospoxium coccineum. Fr. “Carmine Illosporium. ,, Crowded, minute, sphcerical, persistent, carmine red. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 259. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 499. Fckl. exs. no. 240. On Pertusaria communis. [Low. Carolina.] Gen. 200. ^GSRITA, P. Receptacle obscure ; spores ir- regular, disposed in short moni- liform threads at the apices of flexuous, branched, radiating, compacted peduncles. — Berk. Outl.p. 342. (Fig. 235.) 1684. iEgerita Candida. P. “ White dSgerita.” Smooth, soon mealy, white ; spores ovate-oblong. — Fr. S.M. iii. jo. 220. Eng. FI. v.p. 324. Fckl. exs. no. 163. Grev. t. 268,/. l. Bisch.f. 3683. Hoff. F.G. ii. t. 9,/. 1. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 823, t. 9,/. 7. On damp decaying wood. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Crowded, granule-like, globose, or hemispherical, of the size of a poppy seed, white, at first even, smooth, then minutely squamulose or mealy from the breaking up of the spores. “There is certainly no peridium, and the genus is typical of a compact Oidium Spores ('0006-'0005 in.) *015 — *0125 m. m. long. (Eig. 235.) 562 DEMATIEL Order XX. DEMATIEl . Threads free, rarely collected into stem-like bundles, more or less corticated, and carbonized, as are frequently the simple or septate spores. — Berk. Outl.p. 342. In the more typical species there is a distinct membrane, which shells off, and where this does not exist the threads are dark and dingy, but never white, ©r of pure tints. — M.J.B . Flocci united in a common stem. Spores septate, dark, radiating Spores simple, in a globose head Flocci free, simple. With a vesicular head. Spores simple, radiating . Even, straight. Spores 1-2 apical, subglobose . Spores simple, moniliform, basal Torulose. Spores solitary, multicellular . Thickened at the joints. Spores fusiform .... Spores biconical, angular . Thickened at the apex. Spores curved, apical, in clusters Moniliform. Spores didymous Flexuous. Spores on sporangiform bodies . Obscure or delicate. Spores basal, multicellular Flocci free, simple, or branched. Spores concatenate, septate Spores concatenate, simple Spores in a globose head . Spores septate, apical Spores multiseptate, scattered . Spores pedicellate Spores triradiate Spores flat, spiral . Spores clavate, at first spiral Flocci branched, flexuous. Spores uniseptate Flocci branched, upper joints inflated Spores septate .... Flocci with short, verticellate branches . Spores single .... Flocci branched, tufted. Spores globose, clustered . . Arthrobotryum . . Periconia . v (Edoceplialum. . Monotospora. . Sporodum. . Mystrosporium. . Arthrinium. . Gonatosporium. . Camptoum. . Polythrincium . . (Edemium. . Dendryphium . . Haplographium. . Sporocybe. . Acrothecium. . Septosporium. . Triposporium . . Helicoma. . Helicocoryne . . Cladosporium. . Cladotrichum. . Stachybotrys . . Cephalotrichum. DEMATIEX. 563 Gen . 201. ARTHHOBOTEYUM, Cesati. Common stem composed of jointed threads ; spores large, radiating, so as to form a little head, dark, septate. — Berk.Outl.p. 342. (Fig. 236.) 1685. Arthrofcotxyum atrum. B. $ Br. “ Black Arthrobotryum.” Stem short; spores large, hyaline at the extremities, unequally articulated. — Ann. N. H. no. 822, t. 9,/. 6. On dead nettle stems. Dec. Bath- easton. Fig. 236. Minute, stem short, composed of simple, articulated threads, which are swollen above, and terminate in subelliptic, very obtuse, unequally articu- lated spores, which are dark in the centre and hyaline at the extremities, (•001-'0015 in.) long, exclusive of the swollen base. — B.&Br. ( Fig. 236.) 1686. Arthirobotryum stilboidemn. Ces. “ Dense -headed Arthrobotryum.’ * Stem elongated ; spores cylindrical, obtuse, three times as long as broad, triseptate. — Cesati. Hedw. t. 4, /. 1. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 943. A. Broomii. Babh. exs. no. 65. On pollard willows. April. Spores ‘0005 in. long, forming a dense Stilbum-like head. [A similar, if not identical, species has been found once on a piece of straw from Norfolk, but the spores were only bi-nucleate, not septate, perhaps BENBRIFHIUM, Corda. Threads free, jointed, simple below, branched above ; branches and branchlets often monilioid ; spores septate, acroge- nous, concatenated. — Berk. Outl.p. 342. The spores in this genus sometimes form moni- liform threads, and sometimes exhibit the more usual mode of growth in Septonema. {Fig. 237.) 1687. Dendryphium comosum. Wallr. “ Woolly Dendryphium.” Tufts indeterminate, black ; stem simple, brown, moniliform above ; spore-bearing threads radiating, simple, or branched, or immature.. Gen. 202 . Fig. 237. 564 DEMATIEI. forming a rather dense head ; spores polymorphous, elongated, septate, yellow-brown; articulations sub-quadrate, contents granular. — Wallr. FI. Cr . ii. p. 300. Corda. i ./. 279. Rabh. F.E. no. 82. B. fy Br. Ann. JS.H. no. 820. FcJcl. exs . no. 1523. On dead nettle stems. The base of the stem is sometimes sheathed, as in the genus Sporockisma. 168®. Dendryphium curtum, B. Br. “ Short Dendry- phium.” Thinly effused ; flocci erect, divided above into short, forked ramuli; spores curved, 3-7 septate, articulations constricted. — Ann. N.II. no. 538, t. 6,/. 9. Cooke exs. no. 357. On dead stems of nettles. Dundee, &c. Black, forming very thin, effused patches. Fertile flocci springing from creeping filaments, erect, straight, septate, divided above into a few short furcate or trifid ramuli, which are surmounted by curved 3-7 septate spores, whose articulations are strongly constricted. A small but neat species, re- markable for the short-forked ramuli. The tips of these are often greatly constricted at the articulations when the spores begin to grow.— B. Br. (Fig, 237.; 1689. Dendryphium laxum. B. ^ Br. ‘‘Loose-branched Dendryphium.” Stems short, loosely branched above ; spores elongated, sub- flexuose 7-11 septate. — Ann. N.H. no. 539, t. 6,/. 10. On dead stems of Inula viscosa. King’s Cliffe. Patches effused, black ; flocci short, erect, articulated, sending off loose branches, which either spring at once from them, or are replaced by a few swollen joints ; spores linear, curved, or somewhat flexuous, multiseptate, springing often from the forked tips ; articulations slightly constricted; en- dochrome frequently containing a nucleus.— B. & Br. 1690. Dendryphium ramosum. Cooke . “Branched Dendryphium.” Patches effused, black ; flocci erect, articulated, branched above ; branches furcate, elongated, lax ; spores straight, cylin- drical, 3-5 septate. — Cooke exs. no. 294. On herbaceous stems. July. Ashmanhaugh, Norfolk. The branches are not radiating as in D. comosum , septate, but not monili- form, lax, but more capitate than D. laxum. Branches three or four times as long as in D. curtum. 1691. Dendryphium griseum. B. Br. “ Grey Den- dryphium. ” Grey ; flocci sparingly branched ; spores cylindrical, conca- tenate, at length uniseptate, hyaline. — Ann. N. II. no. 540, t . 6,/. 11. Robb. F.E. no. 83. DEMATIEI. 565 On dead nettle stems. March. Bluish-gray, forming little patches; flocci sparingly branched almost from the base, as far as we have seen inarticulate; spores cylindrical, apiculate at either end, elongated, arranged in dichotomous chains, at length divided by a central septum. This is not like the other species, dark and opaque. The line of demarcation between the chains of spores and threads is strongly marked. — B. & Br. 1692. Dendryphium fumosum. Berk . “ Elegant Den- dryphium.” Tufts black, or dingy, more or less effused ; flocci erect, short, paler above ; spores large, clavate or elongated, endochrome transversely multiseptate, brown.— Cooke QueJcettJourn. ii.(1870), t. 5. Dactylium fumosum, Corda Mucedinees, t. xxii. Helminth . fumosum , Curr. Micr . Jour. v. p. 116, t. 8,/. 6. On dead Umbellifers . The flocci are stiff and erect, and when ripe of a very dark brown , or al- most black colour, being so opaque that it is a matter of difficulty to make out that they are septate. At the apices of the flocci there originate several rows of almost colourless cells, arranged in a moniliform manner, and spread- ing in different directions. The spores are attached in rows at the ex- tremities of the chains of colourless cells, and are of a rich brown, usually somewhat narrowed at each end, and divided by several transverse lines, which have the appearance of septa.— Curr . PERICONIA, Corda. Stem composed of fasciculate, com- pacted threads ; head globose ; spores fixed to the free apices of the threads. Berk. Outl. p. 343. (Fig- 238.) 1693. Fexiconia glaucocephala. Corda “ Glaucous-headed Periconia.” Tufts delicate, farinose, glaucescent ; stem short, slender, smooth, black- brown, opaque, pulvinate above ; head spherical, large, glaucous ; spores ovate, nucleate. — Ann. N.H. no. 495. Corda. Ic. iii.f. 37. On rotten linen. King’s Cliffe. The threads of which the stem is composed are swollen at the apex into a pulvinate capitulum, about which the spores form a spherical head. (Fig. 238J 1694. Fexiconia calicioides. Berk. “ Small-headed Periconia.” Black, mycelium effused, spot-like ; head globose, com- pact; stem slender, subulate. —Berk. Outl. p. 34 5. Sporocybe Gen. 203. 566 DEMATIEI. calicioides , Fr. S.M. iii ,p. 342. Eng. FI. v. p . 333. Vet . Ac. 1816, t. 5,/ 6. On dead herbaceous stems. Head small, soon falling off. CEDOCEPHAE.U M, Preuss. Hyphasma creeping, septate, stem erect, sep- tate, simple, ending in a vesicular head which bears the spores ; spores simple, subradiating. — Preuss in Sturm, vi .p. 121. ( Fig . 239.) 1695. CEdocephalum lseticolor. B. & Br. “ Bright-coloured CEdocephalum.” Very minute, brick red, stem equal, pallid; head subglobose; spores globose, granulated, appendiculate. — Ann. N.H. no. 1056, t. 14,/. 12. On sheep’s dung. Oct. Batheaston. Not half a line high, sending out at the base a few threads into the matrix ; before the head is formed nearly cylindrical, with some large oil globules, which at length, in great manner, vanish ; spores *0006-*0008 in. diameter, with a little appendage at the base like those of Epicoccum. — B. & Br. {Fig. 239.) SPOXtOCYBE, Fries. Flocci septate, free ; heads globose, studded with spores. — Berk. Outl. p. 343. {Fig. 240.) 1696. Spoiocybe byssoides. Fr. “Velvety Sporocybe.” Black ; head globose, compact ; spores globose; stem subulate, pellucid at the apex. — Fr. SM. iii. p. 343. Eng. FI. v. p. 333. Fees. N.A. Cur. ix. t. 5, f. 9. Bon. t. 10, f. 217. Babh. F.E. no. 64. Coo/ce exs. no. 278. On dead herbaceous stems. Winter. [United States.] Forming a thin, black, velvety stratum, easily recognised under a lens by the globose heads with which the hairs of the pile are terminated. Scarcely i a line high ; stem stiff, brown, obscurely annulated ; spores large, globose, pellucid, brown, minutely echinulate. The apex of the stem is generally a little incrassated, forming a receptacle for the sporidia. —M.J.B. Gen. 205. Fig. 240. Gen. 204. Fig. 239. DEMATIEI. 567 1697. Sporocybe nigrella. Berk. “ Black Sporocybe.” Very minute, black; stem simple, very slender, articulated; spores globose, smooth. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 226, 1. 13,/. 16. On dead leaves of grass. King’s Cliffe, &c. Extremely minute, not one-fourth of a line high, dark black; stem slender with 4-5 articulations ; heads globose ; spores globose, smooth, with a glo- bose nucleus. The whole plant is dark, so that it requires a good light to see the articulations of the stem, which are, however, very evident. — M. J. B. (Fig. 240J 1698. Sporocybe altemata. Berk. “ Alternate Sporocybe.” Grey -black, forming little orbicular patches ; extremely mi- nute ; mycelium thin, decumbent ; fertile flocci articulate, erect, or subdecumbent, branched alternately in a zigzag manner ; each branch terminated by a slightly swollen receptacle, which is studded with oblong subtruncate spores. — Ann. N.H. no. 227. Aspergillus alternatus . BerJc. Ann. N.H. no. 126, t. 8,/. 11. On damp paper. [Mid. Carolina.] The mode of branching is, as it were, annotinous, the same as that of STACHYBOTRYS, Corda. Flocci septate, free ; branches bearing short, verticillate ramuli at their apices, forming a little head, and each terminated by a spore. — Berk. Outl.p. 343. {Fig. 241.) 1699. Stachybotrys atra. Corda. “ Black Stachybotrys.” Tufts delicate, black ; stem dichotomous, sparsely septate, olive-yellow, branches colourless at the apex ; spores brown, ovate, or elliptic, with a thick, transverse septum. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 817. Corda. i.f. 278. Pag. f. 333. On damp millboard. The spores are not in any stage echinulate, nor are they so broad as in & Idbulata. (Big. 241.; 1700. Stachybotrys lobulata. Berk. “ Lobed Stachybotrys.” Black, threads branching proliferously ; ramuli subalternate, attenuated; apices 4-5 lobed; spores elliptic, echinulate, or Ascotricha chartarum. Gen. 206 . Fig. 241 . 568 DEMATIEI. smooth, binucleate. — Berk. Outl. p. 343. Sporocybe lobulata. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 228, 1. 13,/. 17. Babh. F.E. no. 171. On damp linen. From the articulated creeping mycelium spring slender very minutely scabrous threads, branched proliferously ; ramuli often alternate attenu- ated, their apices swelling into a pyriform 4-5 lobed receptacle, from which spring elliptic spores, some of which are echinulate, others smooth, with two nuclei. The lobes are not mamillate as in S. atra , and the spores have no true septum. — M. J. B. HAPLOGRAPHIUM, B. & Br. Flocci septate, free, black ; spores concate- nate, hyaline. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 818. Berk. Outl.p. 343. Distinguished from Graphium by its stem, con- sisting of a single thread, and from Penicillium by this being carbonized. . (Fig. 242J 1701. Haplographium delicatum. B. & Br. “ Delicate Haplographium.” Heads small, somewhat olivaceous ; spores oblong. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. n. 818, t. 9, f. 4. On dead stumps. Batheaston. Forming a subolivaceous stratum ; flocci black, mostly simple, but occa- sionally slightly divided ; heads small, composed of sub-dichotomous threads, consisting of oblong sublinear spores, about *0002 in. loug. The flocci, when squeezed, often split longitudinally, though they are not in the slightest de- gree compound. — B. & Br. ( Fig. 242 . ) Gen. 207 . Fig, 242. Gen. 208. MOKOTOSPORA, Corda. Flocci septate, free, black, bearing one or rarely two (by division) large black subglobose spores at their apex. — Berk. Outl.p. 344. (Fig. 243.) 1702. Monotospora megalospora. B.&Br. “ Large-spored Monotospora.” Flocci straight, simple ; spores obovate, large, even. — B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 759, 1. 15, /. 11, and no. 943*. On bark of yew. King’s Cliffe. Jet black ; flocci erect, straight, nearly equal, simple, articulated ; spores terminal, obovate, even, (*0014- ‘00133 in.) ‘035 m.m. long.— “ A form has occurred on an old stump with broadly fusiform spores, *0012 in. in diameter.”—.#. &Br. (Fig. 243 .) Fig. 243. DEMAJTIEI. 569 1703. Monotospoara sphserocepliala. B.fyBr. “ Round- headed Monotospora. 19 Stratum effused, dense black ; flocci simple ; spores globose, even. — B. . 300. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 508*. On beech, with Sporochisma mirabile , B. of which it is a secondary form of fruit. 1716. Helminthosporium turbinatum. B. ^ Br. “Top- shaped Helminthosporium.” Flocci slender, simple ; spores elongato-turbinate, truncately apiculate, 4-7 articulate, opaque. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 508, t.5,/-6. DEMATIEI, 573 On dead wood. July. Lancashire. Patches thin, effused, finely velvety ; threads short, linear, slender, ob- scurely articulated, even when most transparent ; spores of a deep rich brown, varying greatly in size and length, but always more or less turbinate; attenuated greatly below, obtuse above, with a sudden more or less truncate apiculus, which often seems as if a joint had separated from it. Distin- guished from all the other species by the peculiar shape and character of the spores. —B. cfc Br . 1717. Helminthosporium obovatum. Berk . “ Obovate Helminthosporium.” Flocci subulate, multi- articulate, nearly equal ; spores obovate, brown, biseptate. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 232, 1. 13,/. 19. On old planks exposed to wet. Forming a short dense velvety -black stratum, flocci very slightly attenu- ated, subulate, either nearly straight, or slightly flexuous ; spores broadly obovate, with two dissepiments, which divide them into three very unequal articulations. — M. J. B. 1718. Helminthosporium delicatulum. Berk. “ Delicate Helminthosporium.” Very delicate, flocci subulate, multi-articulate ; spores oblong, obtuse, 4-5 septate, pellucid ; with an occasional vertical septum. —Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 233, 1. 13,/. 20. On stems of Umbellifers. King’s Cliffe. Forming very delicate soft patches of scattered filaments, presenting to the naked eye a cloudy black spot; flocci very slender, subulate, multi- articulate, brown, paler at the tips ; spores nearly colourless, oblong, with the apices very obtuse, consisting of about five swollen articulations, one or two of which have occasionally a vertical dissepiment. — M.J B. 1719. Helminthosporium sticticum. B. fy Br. “ Grass Helminthosporium. ” Spots gregarious, punctiform, black ; spores oblong-clavate, uniseptate.— B. fy Br. Ann. N.H . no. 758, 1. 15,/. 10. On decaying leaves of grass. Batbeaston. Disposed in minute specks, jet black, threads fasciculate, nodose or irre- gular ; spores .0016 in. long, oblong, swollen above, uniseptate. The puncti- form spots, black not olivaceous hue, and uniseptate spores are the charac- teristics of this species. — B.&Br. 1720. Helminthosporium clavariarum. Besm. “Parasitic Helminthosporium.” Flocci densely aggregated, simple, very short, straight, obtuse, septate, black; spores large, oblong, 1-2 septate, pellucid or 574 DEMATIEI. opaque. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. ii. t. 2,/. 2. BerTc. Ann . N.H. no , 123. On C lav aria rugosa . King’s Cliffe. 1721. Helminthosporium oosporum. Corda. “ Egg spored Helminthosporium.” Flocci scattered, simple, black-brown, semi-pellucid ; spores oblong-ovate, tetradymous, yellowish brown, pellucid. — Corda . 1 ,/. 200. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 944. Kl. exs. no. 1789. On sticks. Feb. East Bergholt. (Fig. 246, magnified.) 1722. Helminthosporium apiculatum » Corda. “Apiculate Helminthosporium.’ ’ Tufts effused, tomentose, very black, flocci fasciculate, flexu- ous, quite simple, brown, pellucid , spores elliptieo-fusiform, poly septate, of the same colour, apical joint apiculate. — Corda . i./. 191. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 945. On dead wood. Twycross. 1723. Helminthosporium apicaie. B. ^ Br. “ Tip-spored Helminthosporium.” Flocci simple, even, attenuated upwards ; spores apical, elliptic,. 3 septate, hyaline at each extremity. — B. & Br. Ann . N.H . no, 947, £.16,/. 15. On rotten sticks. April. Langley, Wilts. Threads simple, even, attenuated upwards, articulated, the ultimate joint having two or three little inequalities, to each of which is attached an ellip- tic spore .0007 in. long, triseptate, dark in the centre, and hyaline at either extremity — B. Br . 1724; Helminthosporium altum. Preuss. “ Tall Helmin- thosporium.” Tufts effused, tomentose, very black, flocci slender, long, sim- ple, subpellucid, then very black and opaque ; spores apical, ob- long or pyriform, attenuated, more or less septate, brown-black, pellucid. — Sturm, xxvi. 1. 17. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 948. On dead sticks. Twycross. 1725. Helminthosporium scolecoides. Corda. “ Long- spored Helminthosporium.” Tufts indeterminate, black; flocci simple, then branched, brown, angularly flexuose, rigid, semi-pellucid ; spores very long DEMATIEX, 575 torulose, multiseptate, brown, basal and apical joint yellowish, pellucid.- — Corda. i.f. 179. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1052. On dead herbaceous stems. Twycross. 1726. Helminthosporium rhabdiferum. B. & Br. “ Peach Helminthosporium.” Flocci erect, slightly branched, yery short ; spores straight, multiseptate, articulations torulose, brown. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. , (1865), no. 1053. Macrosporium rhabdiferum. Gard. Chron. 1864, p. 938, with fig . On ripe peaches. Sept. Bodelwyddan. Shallow pits about half an inch in diameter appear on the surface of the fruit, the centre of which is occupied by the mould, bearing a profusion of spores, so as to blacken the finger when touched ; mycelium of waved articu- lated threads, giving off stouter erect flocci, with shorter joints, slightly branched above, bearing at their tips the large spores, which are at first ob- long and pale, with one or two transverse septa. These rapidly acquire a dark tint, elongate, become more or less linear, with 7-11 swollen divisions, the terminal one mostly apiculate, i Q * long . — N J. B. 1727. Helminthosporium dendroideum. B.&Br. “ Tree- like Helminthosporium.” Flocci erect, attenuated upwards, articulated, ramuli short ; spores terminal, oblong fusiform, multi-articulate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 946, 1. 16,/. 14. On maple. Feb. Batheaston. [S. Carolina,] Threads attenuated upwards, articulated ; each joint above giving off one or two short branchlets, terminated by an oblong, subfusiform, slightly curved, multi-articulate spore, *0024 in. long, each joint containing a glo- bose nucleus. — M . J . B. This species seems rather to belong to Acrothecium as emended. 1728. Helminthosporium e c hi nn latum. Berk. “ Echinulate Helminthosporium. ’ Flocci fasciculate, irregularly nodose ; spores hyaline, cylin- drical 2-4 septate, echinulate. — Gard . Chron. (1870), p.3S2 y fig. 63. On leaves of carnations. Leaves studded with large round white spots, on which a brown mould is developed, arranged in little concentric tufts ; threads extremely regular, forming little fascicles, slightly branched, branches often assuming the form of knots, and the upper knots in some cases bearing the spores, while occa- sionally they occupy the colourless upper portion of the threads ; spores cylindrical, with from two to four articulations, slightly constricted occasion- ally at the dissepiments, and beautifully echinulate, in.— M. J. B. 576 DEMATIEI. 1729. Helminthosporium reticulatum. Cooke. “Reticulate Helmin tho sporium . ’ ’ Forming dendritic and reticulated patches on both surfaces of the leaves, orbicular or irregular ; flocci slender, flexuous, generally simple; spores elliptical, obtuse, triseptate. — Cooke '. exs. no. 360. On dead leaves of ash. Dec. This species has more the appearance of an Asteroma than an Helminthos- porium to the naked eye. In habit, at least, it is very distinct. Gen. 212. MACROSFORIUM, Fries. Flocci obscure or delicate ; spores erect, basal, pedicellate, with at length transverse and vertical septa. — Berk. Outl. p. 345. Eng FI. y.p 339. {Fig. 247.) 1730 Mac^osposrmm cheiranthi. Fr. “ Common Macros- porium.” Flocci decumbent, extremely fugacious ; sporidia pyriform, articulato-septate, black; peduncle short. — Fr. S.M.iii.p. 374. Eng. FI. y.p. 339. On damp paper, decaying plants, &c. [United States.] var. /3. betse. Cooke. Spores scarcely coloured. — Cooke exs. wo. 197. Macro sporium commune. Babh. F.E. no. 1360. On leaves of beet. The sporidia vary extremely in form, some are clavate, with a single row of articulations, in others the two or three upper cells have a vertical sep- tum ; others are broadly clavate, and others again obovate, each articulation divided by vertical partitions into many cells. All are more or less con- stricted. The flocci are very delicate, and difficult to detect, though cer- tainly present. The peduncles vary in length ; more than one are sometimes given off by the same thread of the mycelium. — M . J. B. Probably a condi- tion of Sphceria herbarum. 1731. Macrosporium sarcinula. Berk. “Gourd Macros- porium.” ^ Flocci suberect, delicate, fugacious, slightly branched; spores DEMATIEI. 577 clavate, at length subrectangular, multiseptate, constricted, variable. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 125, t. 8,/. 10. On decaying orange gourds. King’s Cliffe. Its first appearance is that of orbicular white downy patches, consisting of suberect slightly branched threads. These soon vanish, leaving a dark- olive green stratum, consisting at first of short -clavate filaments, with one or two septa. Their apices gradually become much incrassated, and the number of articulations increases. The septa are mostly horizontal, with a few vertical ones ; a few occasionally are inclined. In this state the colour is yellowish when viewed by transmitted light. The spores gradually as- sume a browner tint, become more and more distinct from the peduncle, and at length fall off, acquiring a rectangular outline, resembling very much little corded bales, from which circumstance the name is taken. They vary greatly in size, and in the number of cells. A few of the peduncles are seen amongst the spores, their articulations being frequently swollen above. — M. J. B. See also Sphceria herbarum , of which this is a conidiophorous condition. 1732. Macrosporium concinnum. Berk. “Powdery Macrosporium. ” Spots pulverulent, velvety, black ; flocci flexuous, articulated, brown ; spores obovate, pedicellate, at length oblong. — Berk. Ann. N. H. no. 235, 1. 12,/. 21. Helminthosporium striceforme. Corda. On decorticated osier twigs of an old hamper. Sept. Ape- thorp e. Spots elongated, black ; flocci minute, waved, brown below, pellucid above, often with the rudiment of a branch at the apex ; spores obovate, with about three principal dissepiments, which are divided vertically or obliquely, furnished with a very short pellucid peduncle. This peduncle at length vanishes, and they lose their obovate form and become oblong. — M.J.B. • (Big. 247.) 1733. Macrosporium brassicse. Berk. u Cabbage Macros- porium.” Flocci obsolete, sporidia clavate, antennasform, 5-11 septate, rather longer than the peduncle. — Eng. FI. v.p. 339. On decaying cabbage leaves. King’s Cliffe. Intermixed with Cladosporium herb arum, of which it is probably a condi- tion. 1734. Macrosporium heteronemum. Besm. “Arrow-head Macrosporium.” Flocci erect, septate, of two forms, distinctly united in small fascicles ; spores large, pedicellate, oblong-clavate, tawny, with the endochrome divided transversely, and here and there longi- tudinally, into numerous cells; pedicels hyaline. — Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1853, xx. p. 216. Besm . exs. ed. ii. no. 7. Cooke Seem . Journ. Bot . 2 b 5 578 DEMATIEI. On fading leaves of Sagittaria sagittifolia. Sept. Irstead, Norfolk. Bungay, Suffolk. On both surfaces of the leaves ; spots scattered, tawny, irregular, some- times confluent ; flocci of two kinds, one conidiiferous, short, nodulose, tawny ; the other simple, elongated, subflexuose, hyaline, obtuse above, and attenuated below. Gen. 213. MYSTROSPORIUM, Corda. Flocci erect or ascending, quite simple, septate, torulose, opaque, bearing a solitary spore at the apex ; spores multicellular. — Corda. Ic. ii, p. 13. (Fig. 248.) Fig. 248. 1735. Mystzospozium stemphylium. Corda. “ Obovate Mystrosporium.” Tufts broadly effused, black ; flocci short, flexuous, erect, olive-brown; spores obovate, polymorphous, unequal, multicel- lular, brown, yellow, or olive; peduncular appendage paler. — Corda. ii./. 61. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 949. Pay ./. 324. On dead wood. Bury St. Edmunds. (FY#. 248.) Spores *0015 in. diameter. Gen. 21^. ACROTKECIUM, Corda. Flocci creeping or erect, septate, simple or branched, branches ascend- ing ; spores clustered at the apex, or solitary at the tips of the branches ; septate. — Corda. Ic. ii.y>. 10. The typical species of Corda has the flocci creeping, and branched, the spores solitary and fusiform. The generic character has been extended, so as to include A. multi - sporum , Preuss, and the British species, which could hardly have been retained under the original characters. (i%. 249.) Fig. 249 DEMATIEI. 579 1736. Acrothecium simplex. Berk. “ Simple Acrothecium.” Flocci simple, flexuous, irregular, septate, brown ; spores few, apical, 4-5 septate, oblong, sub-clavate, hyaline, slightly coloured. —B. $ Br. Ann . N.H. no. 950, t. 16,/. 16. On nettle stems. Dec. Batheaston. Spores terminal, about three together. Differs from A. multisjporum , Preuss, in the simple stem, without any creeping threads, and the small number of spores. {Fig. 249.) 1737. Acrothecium delicatulum. B.fyBr. ‘‘Delicate Acrothecium.” Effused, black, flocci straight ; spores linear, with one or more septa, hyaline. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1055, t. xiv ./. 11. On dead wood, probably beech and bramble. The spores are confined to the upper part of the stem, but not to the apex itself. Occasionally the flocci are forked. Spores "00045-'0007 in. long. The form which occurs on bramble has scattered flocci, but differs in no other re- spect.— ik & Br. Gen . 215. SEPTOSPOSUUM, Corda. Flocci erect, sparsely septate; spores heterogenous, cellular, pedicellate; pedi- cels septate. — Corda. Ic. i .p. 12. 1738. Septosporium bulbotrichum. Corda. “ Bulbous Septosporium.” Tufts effused, thin, brown ; flocci simple, bulbous at the base, septate, obtuse, darker below, brown, yellowish above, diaphanous ; spores pedicellate, oblong-clavate, yel- lowish, pedicels septate, attenuate, attached at the base. — Corda. Icon, i ./. 176. Corda. Anl. t. B.f. 10, no. 7. Pay.f. 332. Fig. 250. On rotten wood. Externally resembling a Belminthosporium. The base of the flocci is de- cidedly bulbous, and to it the spores are attached. (Fig. 250 magnified.) 580 DEMATIEI. Gen 216 . TRIPOSPOR1UM, Corda. Flocci erect, jointed, bearing at their apices tri~radiate, articulated spores. — Berk . Outl.p. 345. {Fig. 251.) 1739. Triposporium elegans. Corda . “ Elegant Triposporium.” ' Mycelium slender, effused, brown ; flocci slender, simple, or branched, brown, intricate, remotely septate ; spores stellate, brown in the centre, rays paler, apices and pedicel colourless. — Corda. i ./. 220. Bon . t. 3,/. 75. Corda. Mucedinees t. x. Pay.f. 329. Quekett Journ. ii. 1870, t. 8. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 509 # 1053*. On decorticated oak. Feb. Somerset. [Low. Carolina.] The spores vary considerably in length and in the number of articulations. Sometimes this mould occurs with globose spores at the tips of the three terminal processes. — M.J.B . {Fig. 251, flocci and spores magnified.) Gen . 217 . HELICOMA, Corda. Flocci erect, dark, jointed, bearing on their sides pale, flat, spiral spores. — Berk. Outl.p. 345. {Fig. 252.) 1740. Helicoma Mulleari. Corda. “ Muller’s Helicoma.” Tufts broadly effused, tomentose, olive-black ; flocci fasciculate, connate, simple, straight, rigid, apex somewhat thickened, brown, pellucid, septate ; 252. spores spirally convolute, 5-septate, colourless, hyaline. — Corda. i. t. f. 219. Corda. Anl. t. B.f. 11, no. 4. Fckl. exs. no. 105. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 510. DEMATIEI. 581 On dead wood. [Low. Carolina.] The spire of the spores generally open, but sometimes closed up. The threads also vary much. The British specimens are somewhat doubtfully referred to Corda’ s species, as a variety. In American specimens the spores accord with Corda’s fig., but the threads are differently articulated. (Fig. 252.) HEIiICOCCRYNE, Corda. Flocci erect, septate, simple ; spores scattered, lateral, clavate, 4-5 septate, attenuated downwards, at first spirally involved, or revolute, ultimately incurved. — Corda . Ic . vi. p. 9. (Fig. 253.) 1741. Helicocoryne viridis. 'Corda. “ Greenish Helicocoryne.” Tufts effused, olive-green, deli- cate; flocci simple, olive, hyaline at the apex ; spores large, clavate, colourless, hyaline. — Corda. Icon. vi./. 38. B. Br . Ann. N.H. no. 951. On dead wood. (Fig- 253.) Gen. 218 . Fig. 253. Gen. 219. CLABOTRICHUM, Corda. Flocci erect, thick, branched, upper joints cup- shaped or in- flated ; spores large, septate.— Berk. Outl.p. 345. (Fig. 254.) 1742. Cladotxichum tsriseptatum. B. $ Br. “ Triseptate Cladotrichum.” Flocci forked, very much branched, articulated, upper ar- ticulations inflated ; spores oblong, very obtuse, constricted in the middle, triseptate. — Ann.N.II.no. 511, t. 5,/. 7. On dead stumps. July. King’s Cliffe. Widely effused, forming a thin black, powdery stratum ; flocci forked and branched, septate from the base ; upper articulations swollen in the centre, or above ; spores oblong, extremely obtuse, constricted in the centre, tri- septate, the central septum answering to the line of constriction. ( Fig. 254 . ) 582 DEMATIEI, Gen. 220. Fig. 255. POLYTHRXNCIUM, Kunze. Flocci moniliform ; spores spring- ing from the midst of the flocci, didymous. — Berk. Outl.p. 346. Eng. Fl.y.p. 338. (Fig. 255.) 1743. Polythzincium trifolii. Kze. " Clover Poly thrincium.” Flocci densely crowded, erect, gradually thickened upwards, closely articulated, moniliform ; spores oval, uniseptate, scat- tered. — Kunze. M.H. 1. 1,/. 8. Bisch.f. 3721. Corda. Anl. t. B.f 10, no. 6. Cooke ex s. no. 196. Grev. t. 216. Moug. exs. no. 688. Baxt. exs. no. 84. Corda. t. 9. Eng. FI. v. p. 338. Fckl. exs. no. 58. Berk. exs. no. 97. Farinaria trifolii , Sow. t. 396,/. 7. On fading leaves of Trifolium. Common. [United States.] Forming little black sooty dots on the leaves, often in company with Ascobolus Trifolii or Dothidea Trifolii 3 probably conidia of the latter species. (Fig. 255.) Gen . 221. CIiADOSPORXUM, Link. Flocci flexuous, more or less branched, jointed, flexible; spores short, at length uniseptate, springing from the sides or terminal. — Berk. Outl.p. 346. (Fig. 256.) Fig. 256. 1744. Cladosporium herb arum. Zk. “Common Cladosporium.” Tufts effused, soft, dense, green, then olive-black ; flocci col- lapsing, pellucid, as well as the olivaceous spores. — Link. Sp. 1, p. 39. Fr.S.M. iii. p. 370. Eng. Fl.y.p. 338. Nees.f.§k,B. Cooke exs. no. 352. Dematium articulatum, Sow. t. 400, /. 8. FI. Dan. t. 2277 ,/. 2. Corda . Anl. t. B.f. 10, no. 1. Bisch.f. 3733. DEMATIEI. 583 Hedw. i. t. 10. Pringsh. Jahrb. ii. t. 30,/. 27. Kl. exs. no. 67, ii. no. 333. Fckl. exs. no. 1 10. On all sorts of decaying substances. Common. [United States.] One of the commonest of Fungi, and very variable. Numerous species have been characterized, but it is questionable whether many of them should not be united under this, which scarcely claims a place as a distinct species, since Tulasne has indicated its affinity with Sphceria herbarum , of which he regards it as a conidiophorus condition, as well as Macrosporium sarcinula , Berk, and probably Macrosporium cheiranthi Fr, {Fig. 256.) 1745. Cladosporium epiphyllum. Nees. “ Leaf Cladosporium.” Flocci erect, at length declining, fasciculate, sub-olivaceous, intricately branched, mixed with concatenate threads of simple spores of the same colour, which afterwards become septate. — Nees. Syst. ii .p. 67. Rabh. F.E. no. 77. Kl. exs. no. 187. CooTce exs. no. 188. Fckl. exs. no. 113. Corda. Ic. 1 ,p. 14,/. 204. On dead leaves. Forming small scattered tufts, more or less orbicular, particularly on oak leaves. 1746. Cladosporium fasciculate, hr. “ Fasciculate Cladosporium.” Fascicles minute, slightly erumpent, flocci bent at the apex, sub-septate ; spores conglobate and seriate, of the same colour or pellucid. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 370. Corda . iii. t. i. /. 20. Pers. Disp. t. 4,/. 2. Fckl. exs. no. 109. On asparagus stems. (A. Jerdon.) 1747. Cladosporium dendriticum. Wallr.- “Dendritic Cladosporium.” Flocci very short, simple, disposed in minute punctiform fas- cicles, which become confluent in dendritic spots ; spores fusi- form, simple, sometimes clavate. — Wallr. FI. Germ. ii. p. 169. Ann. N.H. no. 512. Fckl. exs . no. 115, C. pyrorum, Berk. Gard. Chron. 1848. p. 398. Helminthosporium pyrorum , Lib. exs. no. 188. Desm. exs. no. 1051. Actinonema cratcegi , Gard. Chron . fl855),^>. 725. Berk. exs. no. 42. On pear leaves. Autumn. var. /3. orbiculatum. Spores pyriform, shorter. — Berk. Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 716. C. orbiculatum, Desm. exs. no. 1843. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 513. On leaves of Cratcegus pyracantha . Chiswick. 584 DEMATIEX. 1748. Cladosporium bacilligerum. Mont . “Anomalous Cladosporium.” Flocci slender, simple or branched, flexuous, clustered in small sooty tufts ; apex incrassated, obtuse, olivaceous, septate ; spores simple, stipitate, separating with an articulation. — Mont . Ann. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 31, t. 12, f. 5. Cooke exs . no. 290. Passalora bacilligera , Fr. S. V.S. p. 500. Fres. Beitr. t . xi. /. 55-58. Fckl. exs. no. 1518. On fading leaves of Alnus glutinosa. The spores resemble in form those of some species of Puccinia , since, in separating from the flocci, they carry with them the last articulation, so that they appear to be long nniseptate spores. It is a very distinct and curious species. 1749. Cladosporium depression. B.tyBr. “Depressed Cladosporium.” Macuheform, depressed ; spores elongated, uniseptate ; flocci very short, equal. — Ann. N.H. no. 514, t. 5,/, 8. On leaves of Angelica sylvestris. Spots minute, scattered, olive-green, depressed ; flocci short, straight, or flexuous, sometimes quite even, sometimes waved or nodulose ; spores much elongated, as long as the threads, terminal, uniseptate. Sometimes they are constricted and the articulations much swollen. They often germinate in situ , giving out a delicate waved thread from the centre of the articula- tions.' — B. $ Br. 1750. Cladosporium brachormium. B. ^ Br. “Concatenate Cladosporium.” Effused, grey ; flocci erect, flexuous, nodulose above ; spores oblong, shortly concatenate, terminal. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 515. On leaves of Fumaria officinalis. King’s Cliffe. Gray, forming a thin stratum ; flocci erect, flexuous, somewhat nodulose, terminated by one or more short rows of elliptic-oblong spores. It ap- proaches the genus Dendryphium. 1751. Cladosporium lignicolum. Corda . “Wood Clados- porium.” Tufts effused, tomentose, black ; flocci short, sub-simple, brown ; spores minute, of the same colour, multiseptate. — Corda. i. t. S,f. 206. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no 516. Kl.exs.no. 1271. On dead wood. Apethorpe. “The spores in this species are very opaque. It is just the plant of Cgrda, but a doubtful Cladosporium — M.J.B . DEMATIEI. 585 1752. Cladosporium nodulosum. Corda. “Nodulose Cladosporium.” Tufts oblong, narrow, olive-brown, then blackish ; flocci csespi- tose, long, flexuous, pale brown, curved at the apex, simple, with very short lateral projections, or nodular spurious branchlets ; spores large, oblong, or cuneate, simple or unis ep tat e.~Corda. i. t. 4,/. 212. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 517. Kl. exs. ii. no 7 65. On dead herbaceous stems. Feb. Wraxall, Som. Remarkable for the alternate projections on which the spores are seated. Gen. 222. ARTHRINIUM, Kunze. fl Pig. 257. Flocci erect, septate, dark, and slightly thickened at the septa; spores straight, swollen in the middle, and pointed at either extremity (fusiform). — Berk. Outl. p. 346. (Fig. 257.) 1753. Arthrinium sporophlaeum. Kze. “ Sedge Arthrinium.” Flocci slender, rather short; spores oblong, acute, minute, very copious. — Fres. t. 3,/. 49-52. Kunze. M.H. ii.p. 104. B. 4r Br. Ann. N.H. no. 519. Fckl. exs. no. 128. A. puccinio ides, Berk, exs. no. 311. Desm. exs . no. 602. (Fig. 257.) On Carices . Gen. 223. GONATOSPORIUM, Corda. Pi g. 258. Flocci erect, septate, thickened at the septa ; spores irregularly biconical, and in consequence somewhat angular, at- tached in whorls.— Berk. Outl.p. 346. (Fig. 258.) 1754. Gonatospoimm puccinioides. Corda. “ Sedge Gonatosporium,” Tufts round, black, shining, minute, gregarious ; flocci erect, subulate, sep- tate, swollen at the septa, diaphanous, simple, very rarely branched; spores 586 DEMATIEI. brown, yellow when young, polymorphous, angular. — Fckl. exs. no. 126. Corda. iii. t. 1, /. 18. B. fy Br. Ann . N.H. no. 236-519. Torula Eriophori. Eng. FI. v.p. 359. On various Carices. Wilts. Somerset. (Fig. 258.) Gen. 224. CAMFTOUM, Link. Flocci erect, septate, thickened at the apex and black ; spores curved, dark, fixed in clusters at the apices. — Berk. Outl.p. 347. (Fig. 259.) 1755. Camptoum curvatum. Lk. “ Curved Camptoum.” Tufts minute, very black ; flocci dwarf, erect, with black and white bands; spores large, brown, polymorphous, curved. — Link . Sp.i. p. 44. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 518. Berk, exs.no. 310. Kl.exs. no. 461. Corda. Fig. 259. Anl. t. B.f. 12, no. 6. Fckl. exs. no. 127. On Scirpus sylvaticus. Spye Park, Wilts. (Fig. 259.) SPOROBURE, Corda. Gen. 225. Flocci erect, septate ; threads of inarticulate spores moniliform, seated towards their base. — Berk. Outl. p. 347. (Fig. 260.) 1756. Sporodum conopleoides. Corda. “ Grass Sporodum.” Tufts minute, hemispherical, black ; flocci quite simple, septate, rather obtuse, dark-brown ; spores at first yellow, then brown, globose nucleus darker. — Corda. i. t. 247, iii. t. i.f. 22. Corda. Anl. t. B. f. 14, no. 1.2. Kl. exs. no , 774. B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 543. Dematium hispidulum. Ann. N.H. vii. no. 234. Fr. S.M. iii.^. 366. Lib. exs. no. 284. Fckl. exs. no. 104. • On dead grasses. Common. From the middle of the flocci spring one or two obovate joints, which sup- port two or three rows of sporidia, of which those at the apices are the r . r t ~n {Fig. 260 .) largest. — M. J . B. MTJCEDINES, 587 Order XXI. MUCEDINES. Threads never coated with a distinct membrane, mostly white or coloured, more rarely dingy. — Berk. Outl.p. 347. Flocci forming a common stem. Spores moniliform, in cylindrical heads . Flocci free, mostly simple. With a globose head. Spores in moniliform threads Spores singly, on spicules . Clavate above. Spores in moniliform threads Spores singly on spicules Not expanded above. Spores moniliform in fascicles Spores moniliform, simple . Spores moniliform, septate . Curled at the tips. Spores globose, conglomerated . Joints swollen. Spores obovate, on spicules . Flocci dichotomous. Black, spores scattered Pallid, spores scattered at the tips Flocci with quarternate branches. Spores in spikes Flocci branched, erect. Spores simple. Single and terminal. Threads septate . . . . Threads seldom septate In terminal clusters .... In basal clusters Moniliform in tassels . In heads on spicules .... Elongated, in terminal bundles . Spores septate. Terminal Flocci subulate, branched below. Spores cylindrical Flocci branched, tips spiral. Spores globose, granulate . . . . Flocci branched in whorls. Spores terminal, single . . . . Spores terminal, in globose masses . Flocci decumbent. Spores solitary, terminal . Spores scattered Spores studding a cellular head . Spores globose, threads cut half through . Flocci evanescent. Spores straight, fusiform . . . . Stysanus. ^6' Aspergillus. Rhopalomyces. L f * Nematogonum. W Rhinotrichum. Monilia. ^ 0 * Oidium. t « * Cylindrium. J Rolacotricha. t ; : Gonatobotrys . Virgaria- Haplaria. Clonostachys . - • « Botrytis . ; Peronospora : - Polyactis. MyxotrichumA 1 Penicillium. Botryosporium. Menispora. Dactylium. Chcetopsis. ■’ Acrospeira. Verticillium. Gonytrichum. L Acremonium. Sporotrichum. . Papulaspora. Zygodesmus . * Fusidium. ■ MTJCEDINES. ASPERGILLUS, Mich. Threads erect, articulate, crowned with a globose head, producing necklaces of spores. Berk. Outl. p. 347. 261.) 1757. Aspergillus glaucus. Lh. “Blue Mould.” Sterile flocci effused, white ; fertile threads simple, their apices capitate ; sporidia rather loosely packed, at length glaucous. — Berk. exs.no. 208. Eng. FI. v.p. 339. Mucor. glau- 'cus. Sow. t. 378,/! 9. Gorda. St. t. 7. Mucor . aspergillus. Bull. t. 504,/ 10. On various decaying substances, as lard, bread, cheese, &c. Very common. Variable in colour. [United States.] cc Flocci indistinctly articulate when fresh ; head covered with a sub- pellucid grumous substance, on which are seated the globose sporidia ar- ranged in radiating moniliform threads.” — M.J.B. {Big. 261.) 1758. Aspergillus dubius. Corda. “ Doubtful Aspergillus.” Tufts minute, white ; stem simple, straight, pellucid ; capi- tulum globose, white, covered with linear, clavate sporophores, which bear the chains of obovate, unequal, colourless spores. — Corda. ii. t. 4,/. 77. B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 520. On rabbit’s dung. Nov. King’s Cliffe. In this very curious species the head is covered with linear processes, each of which is surmounted by four sterigmata, on which are developed the chains of spores. — M. J. B. 1759. Aspergillus candidus. Lh. “White Aspergillus.” Sterile flocci effused, white ; fertile threads simple, thickened at their apices ; sporidia compact, white. — Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 339. Chev. t. i v.f. 17. Fr. S.M. iii.^. 385. On various decaying substances. Common. Smaller than Aspergillus glaucus , with a stiffer habit and more compact sporidia. 1760. Aspergillus roseus. Lh. “ Pink Aspergillus.” Mycelium thin ; fertile flocci simple ; sporidia globose, rose- red. — Berk. Eng . FI. v. p. 340. Batsch.f. 58. 588 Gen. 226 . Fig. 261. MTTCEDINES. 589 On damp paper, lint, carpet, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] “Flocci not septate; sporidia globose, minute, arranged in moniliform rows Af. J.B. 1761. Aspergillus mollis. Berk. “ White-branched Aspergillus.” Fertile flocci white, erect, dichotomously branched ; apices clavate ; sporidia large, subglobose. — Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 340. On dead leaves. Winter. “Forming minute, scattered, pure white fascicles, with a tbin procumbent mycelium.” — M. J. B . 1762. Aspergillus virens. Lk . “ Green -branched Aspergillus.” Tnfts rather dense ; flocci entangled, sub-erect, heads as well as the branched flocci greenish. — Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 340. Fr. S.M. iii.p. 388. Grev. FI. ed. p. 467. On decaying Agarics . NEMATOGONTJM, Desm. Threads clavate at the apices, and bearing necklaces of spores on distinct scattered spicules. — Berk . Outl. p. 348. (Fig. 262.) 1763. Nematogonum aurantiacum. Desm. “ Orange Nematogonum.” Mycelium delicate, effused ; flocci ferruginous -orange ; spores of the same colour, oval. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1834), ii. t. 2, /. 1. Berk. Outl. p. 348. Aspergillus aurantiacus. Ann. N.H. no. 237, t. 13,/. 22. Berk, exs.no. 272. (Fig. 262.) On elm bark. Apethorpe. [Low. Carolina.] When in perfection the threads are simple, and the spores attached in moni- liform rows to a larger one at their base. It has, however, a great tendency to become proliferous, especially when it has been beaten down by the weather.— iff. J. B. Gen. 227. 590 MUCEDINES, 1764. Nematogonum auxeum. Berh.* “Golden Nemato- gonum.” Fertile flocci erect, short, simple, clavate ; sporidia large, thinly scattered, elliptic, golden yellow . — Aspergillus aureus. Berk. Eng. FI. v .p. 340. On bark. “ Flocci short,, consisting of about four articulations, clavate above, and covered thinly with large, subelliptic, yellow sporidia.” — M.J.B. Gen. 228. RHXNOTRXCHUM, Corda. Threads erect, articulate, clavate above, and bearing spores attached to spicules. — Berk. Outl. p. 348. (Fig. 263.) 1765. Rhinotxichum Bloxami. B. & Br. “ Bloxam’s Bhinotrichum.” Scattered, white ; fertile flocci clavate above ; spores white, sub- elliptic. — Ann. N.H. no. 541, t. 7, /• 19. On dead wood. Twycross. [S. Carolina,] Patches irregularly effused, seldom continuous, white or cream-coloured ; mycelium decumbent, white, septate ; fertile flocci erect, sometimes very sparingly divided ; tips clavate, bearing scattered spicules, surmounted by subelliptic or slightly obovate spores, which are sometimes obtuse, some- times apiculate ; sometimes the ultimate articulations are moniliform, very rarely the penultimate joint has one or two spicules.—B. & Br. 1766. Rhinotxichum Thwaitesii. Bhinotrichum.” B. & Br. “ Th waites’ Epigaeous, yellow, effused ; hyphasma woven ; fertile flocci ascending, dichotomous, apices slightly thickened. — B. <5* Br. Ann. N.H. no. 542, t. 6,/. 12. On the bare soil. Aug. Bristol. Patches suborbicular or confluent, thelephoroid, yellow, with a pale mar- gin ; hyphasma consisting of closely packed, decumbent, articulate threads, the ends of which rise up and are branched dichotomously, their apices swelling slightly, and clothed with globose, echinulate, shortly pedicellate spores.— B. & Br. 1767. Rhinotxichum opuntia. B.$Br. “Cactus Bhinotrichum.” Flocci furcate, here and there swollen, ultimate ramuli clavate, with transverse rows of spores. — Ann. N.H . no. 761, 1. 16,/. 13. MUCEDINES. 591 Near Woolwich. White; flocci rather »thick, simple below, two or three times forked, slight, swollen here and there ; ultimate divisions clavate, beset with transverse rows of globose spores. — B.&Br. 1768. Rhinotrichum repens. Preuss. ‘‘Creeping Khinotrichum.” Mycelium effused, cinereous ; flocci branched, colourless, intri- cate, septate, creeping, branches erect, verrucose above, bearing ovate-acuminate, grey, smooth, nucleate spores. — Preuss. Sturm . xxv. t. 22. B. Br.Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1149. On fallen trunks. Oct. May. Looks like a mere bloom, so that it might easily escape notice. The spores are borne on little wart-like projections on the upper portion of the branches. 1769. Rhinotrichum lanosum. Coolie. “Woolly Ehino- trichum.” White, with a pale ochraceous tinge, forming dense woolly tufts, barren flocci very delicate branched, ascending, fertile flocci decumbent, long, delicate, septate, with short patent branches, tips with 2-4 spicules, each with a single, obovate, hyaline spore. — C lino trichum lanosum. Cooke exs.no. 356. Pop. Sci. Rev. Jan . 1871, t. 68,/. 1-3. On damp wall paper. April. There are sometimes three or four, but more commonly one or two spores at the tips of the branches, each attached to a short spicule. We were at first disposed to regard this as the type of a new genus under the name of Clinotrichum , but, on more mature consideration, prefer including it here.. (Fig. 263.) BOTRYTIS, Mich. Threads septate, irregularly or dicho- tomously branched, hyaline or coloured ; spores terminal. — Berk. Outl.p. 348. (Fig. 264.) 1770. Botrytis Tilleiii. Desm. “ Tawny Botrytis.” Fertile flocci branched, tawny, ramuli very short and verticillate ; spores sub- globose. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1838), x. p. 308. Desm. exs.no. 226. Br.fy Br.Ann. no. 529. Or? moss and leaves, &c. One of the most splendid species of the genus, remarkable for its highly branched threads and verticillate ramuli, the colour of the whole plant is pale tawny or fawn. — B. Br. Gen. 229. 592 MTJCEDINES. 1771. Botrytis citrina. Berk. “ Lemon-coloured Botrytis.” At first white ; fertile flocci erect, articulated, branched ; branches subcymose, lemon-coloured, as well as the obovate spores. — Beric. Ann. N.H. no. 127, t. 8,/. 12. On dead twigs of cherry. Summer. King’s Cliffe. Forming thin delicate mucedinous patches, about an inch across ; mycel- ium nearly white, as indeed is the whole plant at first. {Fig. 264.) 1772. Botrytis Jonesii. B.fyBr “ Rectangular Botrytis.” Flocci erect, branched above, branches and branchlets diver- gent, mostly opposite, ultimate ramuli fasciculate, central al- ways sterile, very acute ; spores subglobose, echinulate. — B. Fertile threads robust, erect, not septate, branched alternately; ultimate ramuli forked and uncinate or divaricate; acrospores seated on the tips of the ultimate ramuli, obovoid or nearly pear-shaped, attenuated at the base ; membrane ol a dirty- MTTCEDINES. 597 violet- colour.— CooJce Micr. Fung, t . 13,/. 263. Pop. Sc. Rev. iii. t. 8,/. 2. De. Barg. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1863), xx. 1. 13,/. 1-3. Botrytis destructor , Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 239, £. 13,/. 23. Fckl. exs. no. 41. On leaves of various species of Allium. Spring. Very common and destructive in some years, preventing the plants which are attacked from coming to perfection. The individual threads are distinct, but form large patches on the leaves, or even entirely cover them. Dis- tinguished easily by the peculiar shape of the acrospores. 1733. Peronospora violacea. Berk. “ Scabious Peronospora.” Fertile threads branched ; acrospores sub-elliptical, violet- coloured. — Berk. Outl. p. 349. Cooke Micr. Fung.p. 217. On petals of Scabiosa arvensis. All that is known of this species is contained in the following note from the Rev. M. J. Berkeley : — “ It grew on the petals of the common scabious. I have not found it again, and have either lost or mislaid my specimens. You may describe it as Icete violacea ; jloccis ramosis ; sjporis subellipticis , violaceis . It is probably the Farinaria on Scabious of Sower by.” — M.J.B. 1739. Peronospora sordida. Beric. “Figwort Peronospora.” Forming broad, irregular, dirty, pallid spots on the under surface of the leaves ; fertile threads loosely dichotomous above, tips forked, unequal ; acrospores obovate, apiculate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 953. Cooke Micr. Fung. p. 217. Cooke exs. no. 291. On leaves of Scrophularia. Forming broad, irregular, dirty, pallid spots on the under side of the leaves ; threads loosely dichotomous above ; tips forked, unequal ; acros- pores obovato apiculate (‘001 in.) *025 m.m. long. 1790. Peronospora sparsa. Berk. “ Rose Peronospora.” Fertile threads scattered, by no means torulose ; ultimate branches scarcely uncinate, dichotomous, pallid grey; acro- spores sub-elliptical. — Berk. Gard. Chron. 1862 ,p. 30 8, Jig. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1057. Cooke Micr. Fung.p. 217. On the under side of rose leaves. 1791. Peronospora oMiqua. Cooke. “ Dock Peronospora.” Threads of the mycelium slender ; fertile threads fasciculate, erect, simple, rarely bifurcate, attenuated upwards ; acrospores large, ellipsoid, attached obliquely near the base. — Cooke Micr. Fung. 1. 16, /. 269. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1058. Cooke exs. no. 195. Ascomyces Rumicis , Mont. On the under surface of dock leaves. Winter and spring. Common. 598 MTTCEDINES. Brownish circular spots on the leaves indicate the presence of this mould, which is so minute that it might otherwise be overlooked. Spores with a slight swelling towards the base ('001 in.) *025 m.m. long, often set on obliquely ; sometimes they give off below a second spore, and very occa- sionally there is a septum in the threads. Gen . 231 a ACROSFEIRA, B. & Br. Hyphasma decumbent ; fertile flocci erect, branched above, apex of the ramuli somewhat quadri-articulate, spirally convolute ; spores subglobose* granulated, springing from one or other of the articulations. — B. * On rotting plants, gourds, and cabbages. Common. Yariable in ramification, and in colour of the sporidia. (Fig. 269.) 1799. Polyactis cana. Berk “ Hoary Polyactis.” Flocci cinereous, or whitish, sterile effuse, fertile branched at the apex ; sporidia large, oval. — Botrytis cana . Berk . Eng „ Fl.v. p. 342. Fr. S.M . iii.p. 397. Cooke exs. no. 355. On rotting stems and leaves. Easily distinguished from its allies by the large, oval sporidia $ branches rather compact, growing in a botryoid rather than racemose form. — Eng. FI. Gen. 234. Eig. 269. 1800. Polyactis vera. Berh. " Micheli’s Polyactis.” Flocci grey, sterile rather fleecy, fertile branched above, forming spikes about the slender apices ; spores ? — Botrytis vera. Berk. Eng. Fl.v. p. 343. Bot. spicata. Mich . t. 91,/. 4. Mucor. botrytis. Bolt. 1. 132,/. 3. On Polyporous versicolor. Near Halifax. This species appears to have been found by Bolton, and by no one else in Britain. MUCEDINES. 601 1801. Polyactis cineiea. Berk. “ Cinereous Polyactis.” Fertile flocci, gregarious, subsimple, cinereous, soon strangu- lated ; spores attached here and there, globose, whiter than the flocci . — Botrytis cinerea. Berlc. Eng FI. v. p. 342. Pers. Disp. 9,10. On stems of herbaceous plants. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] This mould is usually found springing from Sclerotium durum which would seem to be the condensed mycelium of this species. 1802. Polyactis fascicularis. Corda. “ Fasciculate Polyactis.” Tufts minute, black-brown, shining, frosted above; flocci erect, fastigiate, slightly flexuose, crowded, brown, semi-pellu- cid above and branches colourless heads of spores sphserical, white, shining ; spores oblong . — QueJcett Journ. 1870, t. 6. Corda. Muced. t. 16. Penicillium fasciculatum. Ann. N.H. no. 129. Berk.exs . no. 210. On decayed vegetable substances. The spores are comparatively large, and the flocci connate at the base. Gen. 235. PENICILLIUM, Link. Flocci divided above in a fasciculate manner, septate, as well as the branch- lets, which are terminated by neck- laces of spores, collected into tassel- like heads.— Berlc. Outl. ^.350. (Fig. 270.) 1803. Penicillium cxustaceum. Fr. “ Crustaceous Mould.” Sterile flocci white, forming a close crust-like web, fertile somewhat branched, . intricate, bifido-penicillate above ; sporidia verdigris-green. — Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 344. P. glaucum. Grev. t. 58, f.l. On all sorts of decaying bodies. Very common. var. { 3 . coremium. Fertile flocci, woven into a dense white stem . — Floccaria glauca. Grev. t. 301. Byssus scoparia. FI. Dan. t. 897,/. 1. 2 o 5 602 MUCEDFNES. On gum, apples, &c. [United States.] The mycelioid condition of this species constitutes what is known as “the vinegar plant.” £60$. Penicillium spar sum. Grev. “ Scattered Pencillium.” Sterile flocci effuse, fertile threads simple, scattered, penicil- late above ; sporidia white. — Grev. Wern. Trans, iv. t. 5,/. 5. Sc. Crypt. FI. t. 58,/. 2. Berk. Eng. FI. Y.p. 844. On semi-putrid stems of Burdock. er&. tzu. 213. On dead leaves. Common, 1831. Fusidium album. Desm. " White Fusidium.” Tufts small, scattered, white, sometimes confluent ; flocci few, evanescent ; spores ellipsoid or fusiform, minute, white. — Desm. Ann . Sc. Nat. 1838, x.p. 309. Desm. exs. no. 229. Moug. exs.no. 894. Ann. N.H. no. 248. On dry, green leaves of oak. Melton, Norths. Shere, Surrey. Gen. 242. SPOROTRICHUJVI, Link. Flocci ascending, tufted, septate ; spores simple, scattered, at first con- cealed.— Berk. Outl.p. 352. Fig. 277. It may be doubted whether there are any genuine species of this genus, whose char- acters are very uncertain. They are mostly conidiiferous states of other plants. — M.J.B. 610 MTJCEDINES. 1832. Sporotrichum chlorinum. Lk. “Yellow-green Sporotrichum.” Erect, intricate ; flocci dense, very soft, simple and branched; spores heaped together, globose, yellow-green. — Link. Sp. i. p. 17. Fr. S.M. iii.p. 421. Eng. FI. v. p. 346. On dry leaves. Glasgow. 1833. Sporotrichum aurantiacum. Grev . “ Orange Sporotrichum.” Tnfts of a reddish orange, filaments very slender, much en- tangled; spores globose, extremely minute. — Grev. Wern. Trans. i v. t. 5,/. 4. Eng. FI. Y.p. 347. On dung, &c. ‘ c Tufted, of a beautiful orange colour, which acquires a reddish tinge with age. Tufts generally about a line in breadth, but sometimes almost con- fluent. Threads very fine and much entangled.” — Grev . 1834. Sporotrichum sulphur eum. Grev. " Sulphury Sporo- trichum.” Flocci forming minute tufts, at length evanescent; spores minute, globose, heaped together, sulphur-yellow. — Grev. 1. 108, f. 2. Wern. Trans, iv.f. 3. Eng. FI. Y.p. 347. Fr. S.M.iii.p. 423. Berk. exs. no. 211. In cellars, on corks, &c. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] . “ Brown Acremonium.’ Olive-brown, fertile branchlets opposite or alternate ; spores globose* — Schmidt. M.H., i. t. 2,/. 23. Grev. t. 124,/. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 347. On dead wood and sticks. Autumn. Near Edinburgh. 616 Gen. 251 . Fig. 286. Gen . 252 . MUCEDINES. GONATOBOTRYS, Corda. Flocci erect, jointed ; articulations swollen in tire middle, and bearing oboyate spores on little spicules. — Berk. OutLp. 354. {Fig. 286.) 1851. Gonatobotrys simplex. Corda . “ Simple Gonatobotrys.” White ; tufts lax, minute, arachnoid ; flocci simple, long, straight, erect, then nodding ; heaps of spores globose ; spores ovate, apicu- late at the base. — Corda. Muced. t. 5. Berk. OutLp. 354. On fruit of Tamus , &c. (. Fig . 286.) CLONOSTACHYS, Corda. Flocci jointed above; branches and branchlets quaternate, subcapitate, clothed with spores, forming distinct spikes. — Berk. Outl. p. 354. (Fig. 287.) 1852. Clonostachys araucaria. Corda. “ Compact Clonostachys.” White, arachnoid ; branches fastigiate ; spikes cylindrical; spores oblong, obtuse, white. — Corda. Muced. t. 15. Curr. Micr. Journ. v. p. 126. Stachylidium araucarium , Bon. Handb. t. vii ./. 155. On bark of small twigs. Remarkable for the peculiar arrangement of the spores, which form long dense spikes like ears of com. — Curr . {Fig. 287.) Fig. 28 7. MTJCEDINES, 617 Gen. 253. BOfRYOSPOEIUM, Corda. Fig. 288. On herbaceous Flocci slightly branched, bearing patent branchlets, each of which is surmounted by a few spicules, bearing a head of spores. — JBerTc. Outl.p. 354. ( Fig . 288.) 1853. Botryospoirium pulchrum. Corda. “ Beautiful Botryosporium.” Tufts broadly expanded, lax, white, fari- nose ; flocci simple or dichotomous, lax ; racemes very long, subcylindrical; heads of spores globose, quinate ; spores ovate, colourless. — Corda. Muced. t. 19. Curr. Micr. Journ. v.p. 117. Cooke exs. no. 353. plants. Oct. Forms large white mealy patches. The flocci are very delicate, forming a woolly looking mass, andthe spores are arranged in four or five compact globular masses at the extremities of short ramuli, which are alternate upon the main threads. — Curr . (Fig. 288.) 1854. Botryosporium diffusum. Corda. “ Diffuse Botryo- sporium.” Fertile flocci branched, white ; fertile branchlets scattered, bearing quaternate spores ; spores at length collected at their apices in globular masses. — Corda. Sturm, t. 5. Stachylidium diffusum , Fr. S.M. iii.p, 392. Eng. FI. v.p. 341. Botrytis diffusa , Grev . 1 . 126,/. 2. Wern. Tr.p. 72,/. 7. On decayed herbaceous plants, especially potatoes. Forming loose tufts, 3-4 lines high ; branchlets at first hearing quaternate spores ; they are usually crowned with globular masses of globose, or some- times elliptic spores. — M.J.B. Gen . 254. PAPULASPORA, Preuss. Flocci decumbent, jointed, pro- ducing short erect branches, each of which produces a cellular head studded with erect spores, the endochrome of which is bi- partite or quadripartite. — Berk. Outl.p. 354. (Fig. 289.) Fig. 289. 2d 618 MTJCEDINES. 1855. Papulaspoia sepedonioides. Preuss . u Red-headed Papulaspora.” Hyphasma effused, creeping, branched, septate, pellucid, woolly, interwoven ; ramuli pedicelliform, ascending, septate, terminating in a globose red cellular body, studded with oblong spores. — Sturm, vi. t. 45. Ann. N.H. no. 761*. On rice paste. Aug. King’s Cliffe. This beautiful mould consists of decumbent, articulate, colourless threads, which produce short, erect branches, each surmounted by a large red cel- lular body about *0018 in. in diameter. The heads studded with oblong erect spores *0004-*0006 in. long, with their endochrome bipartite. If these are truly spores, each individual head presents nearly the structure of an Epicoc- cum.—B.&Br. ( Fig. 289. J Gen. 255. RHOFALOMYCES, Corda. Flocci free, septate, swelling at the tip into an areolate head, each cell of which bears a spicule, surmounted by a spore. — Berk. Outl.p. 354. [Fig. 290.) 1856. Rhopalomyces pallidus. B. $ Br. “ Pallid Rhopalomyces.” Pale fawn colour ; fertile flocci fur- cate, flexuous ; spores minute, elliptic. B. Sf Br. Ann. N.H. no. 504, t. 5,/. 2. On decayed Russian matting. Feb. King’s Cliffe. Creeping widely over the matrix , on which it forms a mealy pale fawn- coloured ragged stratum ; hyphasma delicate, consisting of very fine threads, which produce little branches, swelling out suddenly, and rising at once, or creeping along and giving off fertile flocci. These are rather thick, irregular in outline, once or twice forked ; heads globose, or nearly so, beautifully areolate, each areola producing in its centre a short delicate spicule, sur- mounted with a minute elliptic spore. — B. & Br . 1867. Rhopalomyces candidus. B. $ Br. “White Rhopalomyces.” White ; hyphasma very sparing ; fertile flocci straight, sim- ple ; heads subglobose ; spores minute, elliptic. — Ann. N.H . no. 505, £. 5,/. 3. On a mixture of dung, earth and hops. Feb. King’s Cliffe. Ex'remely minute and delicate, pure white ; hyphasma creeping, but very sparing ; fertile flocci erect, even ; heads globose or somewhat obovate, beautifully areolate ; spores minute, elliptic. Differing from R. pallidus m colour, and the simple straight flocci ; the heads are somewhat larger, B.&Br. < Fl 9- SEPEDONIEI. 619 Order XXII . SEPEDONIEI. Mycelium floccose ; fertile flocci obscure, and in consequence the spores rest upon the matrix. The spores are the principal element in this order, which approaches Coniomycetes. Spores large, globose Spores fusiform, curved, then septate — Forming a gelatinous mass . Spores septate — Apparently attached to the matrix Spores simple — At first covered by persistent flocci Sepedonium, Fusisporium. Epochnium. Psilonia. Gen . 256. SEPEDONIUM, Link. Spores large, simple and globose, or ap - pendiculate. — Berk Outl, p. 355. {Fig- 291.) Fig. 291. 1858. Sepedonium chirysospeimum. Ik. “ Yellow Sepedonium.” Flocci fleecy, dense, white ; spores golden yellow, not appen- diculate. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 438. Eng. FI.y. p. 350. Bull. t. 504, f. ] i, 476,/. 4. Sow. t. 378,/. 13. Nees. f. 38. Grev.t. 198. Chev. t. 3/. 16. Kunze.exs.no. 223. Bisch.f. 3806. Bon. t. 4, /. 103. FckL exs. no. 141. On decaying fungi. Common. [United States.] Frequently penetrating the whole fungus, and converting it into yellow dust; spores globose, ecliinulate. Tulasne regards this as. the conidioid condition of a Sphceria ( Hypomyces), not yet recorded in Britain (Tul. Carp. iii. 49.). ' (Eig. 291.) 2 D 2 620 SEPEDONIEI. 1859. Sepedonium loseum, Fr. “ Rosy Sepedonium.” Flocci fleecy, white ; spores appendiculate, red. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 438. Eng . FI. v. p. 350. Ann. N.H. no. 132. Tul. Carp. iii. p. 44. On decaying fungi. More superficial than S. chrysospermum . Spores larger, globose, with a broad pellucid border, and a thick blunt appendage. Tulasne states that this constitutes the conidia of Hypomyces Linkii , the perfect condition of which has not yet been found in Britain. Gen. 257. FUSXSFORIUia, Link. Spores elongated, fusiform, curved, at length septate, form- ing a gelatinous mass.— Berk. Outl.p. 355. {Fig. 292.) 1860. Fusisporium betas. Desm -. “ Beet Fusisporium.” Orange, effused in a tremel- lose crust; flocci dense, branched, scarcely septate ; spores very copious, fusiform, delicate, slightly curved, obscurely septate. — Ann. Sc. Nat. xix. 1. 18,/. 2. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 246. Desm. exs. no. 305. Bon. 1. 12, f. 248. F del. exs.no. 214. On decaying beet root. Apethorpe. 1861. Fusisporium georginae. Berk. “ Dahlia Fusis- porium.” Effused, gelatinous, reddish, roseate, or intense orange, thick ; spores fusiform, acute at each extremity, with several oil glo- bules. — Klotsch.exs.no . 186. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 247 . F.rhizo- philum. Cor da. ii ./. 15. On roots of Dahlia. Apethorpe. Doubtfully distinct from F. letce . — Desm. 1862. Fusisporium udum. Berk. “ Moist Fusisporium.” Broadly effused, tremelloid ; dirty orange ; flocci of the hyphasma decumbent, slightly branched; spores long, curved, 3-5 septate, acute at either end. — Ann. N.H. no. 245, t. 14,/. 28. SEPEDONIEI. 621 On trees in spring. Forming a broad tremelloid mass, wet with the overflowing sap, composed of slightly branched decumbent filaments, some of which are closely septate, others contain a series of globose nuclei, while others are quite simple ; spores 3-5 septate, elongated, curved, acute at either end, the contents of the articulations orange. In age the septa are absorbed, and there is a row of irregular nuclei. — M. J. B. 1863. Fusisporium roseolum. Steph. “Potato Fusisporium.” Rose-red ; flocci short ; spores curved, elongated, 3-6 sep- tate. — Berk . Ann. N.H. no. 549. On decayed potatoes. Bristol. Of a delicate rose-red, forming thin floccose patches ; fertile threads short ; spores curved, elongated, slightly obtuse, 3-6 septate, often slightly project- ing at each dissepiment. It approaches Dactylium , but the spores are those of Fusisporium. — M. J.B . 1864. Fusisporium faeni. B.&Br. “ Hay Fusisporium.” Hyphasma sparing, fertile flocci very short ; spores oblong, straight, obtuse, 1-2 septate. — Ann . N.H. no. 550. On hay. Dec. Apethorpe. Orange-red, spreading in wide patches many feet in width; hyphasma creeping, sparingly articulate ; fertile flocci very short ; spores oblong, ob- tuse at either extremity, 1-2 septate. Differing from all other species in the character of the spores.— M.J. B 1865. Fusisporium bacilligerum. B.&Br. “Long-spored Fusisporium.” Greyish white; hyphasma obsolete; spores very long, 5-7 septate, attenuated below, apex sub-clavate. — Ann. N.H. no. 548. Babh.F.E. no. 111. On leaves of Alaternus. West of England. Occupying the centre of little brown spots; hyphasma obsolete; spores very long, hyaline, 5-7 septate, strongly attenuated below, obtuse, and slightly clavseform above, somewhat curved. — M. J. B. 1866. Fusisporium atrovirens. Berk. “ Green -black Fusisporium.” Flocci effused, white ; spores at first greyish-green, then green-black, strongly curved. — Eng. FI. v. jo. 351. On onions. Summer. King’s Cliffe. Spores forming about the third of a circle, originating in little dot-like spots, with radiating flocci, crowned with a gelatinous greyish mass ; these at length unite, and the whole of the centre is occupied by the spores, the border still increasing and quite fleecy, if meeting with any impediment ; at length the whole is green-black, and the border obliterated. One cause of the mildew of onions.— M.J. B. 622 SEPEDONIEI. 1867. Fusispoiium aurantiacum. Lk. “ Orange Fusis- porium.” Flocci fleecy, white, at length evanescent ; spores congluti- nate, slender, slightly curved. — Link. Sp. i. p . 30. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 445. Eng. El.v.p. 351. Nees.f. 40 B. Desm. exs . no. 664. Ung. Exan. t. 2,/. 13. Bisch.f. 3804. On decayed gourds, &c. [Low. Carolina.] At first clothed with fleecy white, branched flocci, which spread beyond the mass of the spores, and at length vanish, leaving a tremelloid stratum 5 spores septate, septa evanescent. Sometimes commences in little dot-like gelatinous masses, which at length become confluent, without any mycelium. M.J.B. 1868. Fusispoiium incaiceians. Berk. u Enclosed Fusisporium.” Pale rose, n^timg in the sporangium or peristome of mosses ; spores arcuate, slender, triseptate. — Berk. Intell. Obs . 1863, p „ 11 ,/. 4 . On peristomes or in capsules of Orthotrichum. The characters of this little parasite are not striking, and its specific dis- tinction must rest partly on its peculiar habits, for the spores scarcely differ from those of one or two other species, they are about in. long, but by no means uniform in size. — M. J. B. 1869. Fusispoiium (?) insidiosum. Berk. “ Beaded Fusispormm.’ T White, mycelium creeping, producing subglobose tufts of short necklace-like simple or branched threads, each terminal joint of which bears a curved, fusiform, apiculate, 1-5 septate spore. — Gard. Ghron. 1860, p. 480, with a Jig . On Agrostis pulchella. tl This species has threads very like those of JEgerita” Spores (*002 in.) *05 m.m. long. Tufts very minute, scarcely visible without a lens. ( Fig . 292, tuft magnified.) 1870. Fusispoiium solani. Mart. “ Woolly Fusisporium. ,> Bounded, irregular, tomentose, white; flocci branched ; spores fusiform, curved, triseptate. — Mart. Kart. Epid.t. iii. /. 25,30. Periola tomentosa. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 267. Eng. FI. v.p. 226. On potatoes. Ihe flocci are too much developed to be consistent withfcthe characters of this order. SEPEDONIEI. 623 EPOCHNIUM, Link. Sterile flocci creeping, fertile obsolete ; spores septate, attached apparently to the matrix. — Berk. Outl. p . 356. {Fig. 293.) 1871. Epochnium macarosporoideum. Berk. “ Radiating Epochnium.” Flocci very slender, effused, irregularly branched ; spores sub- globose or oval, divided by radiating septa. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 131. t. 8,/. 14. On dead twigs of Ribes. Aug. King’s Cliffe. Forming a thin slate-black stratum ; flocci transparenWperfectly colour- less under the microscope, apparently not septate, very smnder, effused, ir- regularly branched, often anastomosing at right angles. From the tips or on very short lateral branches spring subglobose or oval colourless tran- sparent vesicles, with a central nucleus ; these by degrees are furnished within with obscure septa, at length they acquire when full grown a brown hue, and are from hi. diameter. They are then in general more or less globose, divided by septa into a few lobes, which are disposed in a radiating manner, like the berries of a mulberry. A few are furnished with a little apicular peduncle, but the greater part lose all trace of the point of attachment. — M. J . B. Gen. 259. PSILONIA, Fr. Gen. 258. Fig. 293. Fig. 294. Flocci persistent, joined into an erumpent mass, at first covering the simple spores. — Berk. Outl. p. 356. Eng. FI. v. p. 352. {Fig- 294.) 1872 . Psilonia gilva. hr. “ Reddish-grey Psilonia.” Tufts subrotund, compact, reddish-grey, inclining to brown ; flocci intricate, twisted, mostly simple, covering the variously shaped spores. — Fr. S.M. iii .p. 451. Eng. FI. v. p. 353. Berk, exs. no. 101. On dead herbaceous stems (“ felled oak.” — Eng. FI.) 624 SEPEDONIEL Masses 1-2 lines broad, snbinnate ; flocci very fine, cnrionsly twisted to- gether, external surface, finely tomentose, from their free apices. Spores fusiform (sometimes globose or oval), collected about the apices of the fila- ments.— M. J. B. 1873. Psilonia aximdinis. Desm. “ Reed Psilonia.” Tufts oblong, dense, pale rose-coloured ; flocci fasciculate, in- tricate, simple ; spores ovoid and oblong. — Fr. S.M . iii. p. 451 „ Berk, exs . no. 102. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 85-551. Desm.exs.no . 460. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1880, t. 5,/. 1. Chloridium festucce. Gorda. Anl. L B.f 12, no. 4. On dead leaves and stems of reeds and Carices. Feb. Tufts evidently erumpent, oblong, linear, 1-2 lines long. Psilonia nivea, Fr. is clearly an insect production. 187&. Psilonia discoidea. B.& Bi\ “ Discoid Psilonia.” Pale fawn-colour, then brown ; disc proliferous ; spores ob- long, margin discrete, rosy tan-colour. — B » Br* Ann. N.H 1866, no. 1150, t. 8,/. 8. On rotten rails. Jan. — Feb. Wilts. Whole plant 1-2 lines across, variously shaped, orbicular, elongated, flex- tious, <&c. In the early stage the disc is quite covered by the shaggy coat, which afterwards folds bach or cracks, and leaves the stratum of spore® naked, precisely as in Myrothecium . Spores oblong or, seen laterally* sub- cymbiform, (*01)035 in.) *009 m.m. long.— B. & By. TRICHODERMACEL 625 Order XXII . TRICHODERMACEI. Flocci covering the spores, and forming a kind of peridium, which at length vanishes in the centre . — Berk . Outl. p. 356. Peridium more or less distinct — Stipitate. Spores on the threads . Sessile. Spores in cavities , Peridium spurious, indeterminate — Flocci even. Spores spread over the disc . Flocci constricted. Spores collected in the centre Gen . 260 . PZLACRE, Fr. Pilacre. Institale. Trichoderma. Arthroderma. Stem solid, cylindrical ; head globose, com- posed of flexuous, branched, radiating threads ; spores produced near the tips, forming a dusty mass. — Berk. Outl.p. 356. ( Fig. 295.) 1875. Pilacare faginea. B.&Br. “Beech Pilacre.” Stem blackish, pruinose ; head subglobose ; spores broadly elliptic. — Ann. N.H. no. 380, t. 11, f. 5. Onygena faginea, Fr . S.M. iii ,p. 209. Kl. exs. no. 1724. Fckl. exs. no. 1073. On beech sticks. Aug. Spye Park, Wilts. [United States.] About 2 lines high ; stem 1| line high, pruinose, at length brown or blackish ; head subglobose or turbin- nte, at first pruinose, umbilicate, or without trace of umbilicus; flocci branched, especially above, somewhat fastigiate, more or less flexuous ; spores minute ; broadly elliptic, with a distinct nucleus.— M.J.B. 1876. Pilacare Petearsii. B. & Curt. “ Hornbeam Pilacre.” Stem short, white ; head large ; flocci nearly straight. — Ann. N.H. no. 824. Curt.exs.no. 3811. On hornbeam. Hainault Forest. [Alabama, U.S.] Stem 2 lines high, white ; head 1-2 lines or more across, threads anas- tomosing, far less flexuous than in P.faginea . Spores snuff-coloured, about (•0002 in.) *005 m.m across. When fresh it has a smell like that of some Hypericum . In habit the species resembles a little Nyctalis .— H & Br . 2 D 5 Fig. 295. 626 TRICHODERMACEI. Gen . 261. INSTXTALE, Fr. Stem none ; common mass containing many cavities filled with spores. — Berk . Outl.p . 357. Institale effusa, Fr. S.V.S.p. 447. B. § Br . Ann. N.H . no. 756. See Ptychogaster albus. Cor da. ante. no. 1104. Trichoderma viride, Ptfrs. Gm?. £. 271. This is a state of ARTHRODERMA, Cnrrey. Peridinm spurious, indetermi- nate, roundish, composed of interwoven, strongly constricted, jointed flocci. Spores collected in the centre. — Berk. Outl. p. 357. (Fig. 296.) 1877. Axthxoderma Cimreyi. Berk. u Currey’s Arthroderma.” Scattered or gregarious,globose or pulvinate ; flocci branched, jointed, torulose ; spores brilliant yellow, spherical. — Berk. Outl . v. 357. Quart. Micr. Jour. ii. p. 240, t. i x./. 6-8. On dead leaves and sticks. Hypocrea rufa y Fr. Gen. 262. Eig. 296. ANTENNARIEI. 627 Division II. SPOXtIDIIEERA. Sporidia in asci. Y. Fertile cells seated on threads, not compacted into a hymenium Physomycetes. YI. Asci formed from the fertile cells of an hymenium . Ascomycetes. £ , Family VI. PHYSOMYCETES. Threads free, or only slightly felted, hearing vesicles which contain indefinite sporidia. — Berk. Outl.p. 406. Fertile cells bladder-shaped, scattered on the threads, which are not com- pacted so as to form a distinct hymenium. Sporidia indefinite, formed from the protoplasm of the cells.— M.J.B. Threads felted, moniliform — Sporangia irregular Antennariei. Threads free. Sporangia terminal or lateral .... Mucorini. Order XXIII. ANTENNARIEI. Threads black, more or less felted, moniliform and equal in the same felt, bearing here and there irregular sporangia. — Berk. Outl.p. 406. Threads mostly moniliform — Spores concatenate Antennaria . Threads mycelioid, byssoid — Spores simple ....... Zasmuliuinri* 628 ANTENNARIEI. ANTENNARIA, Link. Threads felted, black, articulated, often moniliform ; walls of sporangia mostly cellular; spores chained to- gether, immersed in gelatinous pulp. Berk.Outl.p. 406. {Fig. 297.) 1878 Antennaria semiovata. B. Br. “ Semi-ovate Antenna™.” Fertile flocci erect, short, branched ; articulations torulose, even ; pycnidia semi-ovate ; perithecia curved, acuminate. — B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 784, 1. 16,/. 18. On fronds of Lastrea filix-mass. Sept. Bath. Clothing the leaves with dense matted felt. Barren threads creeping, often united into an irregular membrane, fertile, erect, generally slightly branched, but sometimes sub- dichotomous. It is difficult to say what is a species in this genus, which appears to present one form of fruit of Cajpnodium. —B. 4* Br. Gen. ZASMimUTC, Fr. Sporangium thin, carbon- aceous, but brittle, growing on a septate, byssoid, equal, my- celium. Mouth sub-umbilicate, spores simple. — Berk. Outl. p. 406. {Fig. 298.) 1879. Zasmidium cellare. Fr. “ Cellar Fungus.” Mycelium very thick and abun- dant, lax, composed of septate flocci, olive-black ; peridia glo- bose, seated upon the threads. — Berk. Outl. p. 407. Racodium cellare , Bisch. /. 3700. Fckl. exs. no. 641. Eng. FI. v. p. 324. Moug. exs. no. 790. Grev. t. 259. Antennaria cellaris , Fr. S.M. iii .p. 229. Fibrillaria vinaria. Sow. t. 432, 387,/. 3. Dill. t. 1 ,/. 12. Nees. f. 70. {Fig. 298.) On corks, bottles, walls, &c., in cellars. Common. MUCORINI. 629 Order XXIV . MU COBIN I. Threads free, bearing terminal or lateral sporangia. — BerTc. Outl. p. 407. Sporangia collapsing and dependent .... Sporangia bursting, not dependent .... Sporangia at length indurated — Ejected Not ejected Sporangia delicate, perforated by the stem — Sporidia globose, mixed with radiating threads Sporangia splitting horizontally — Sporidia growing on the columella Sporangia pierced by the threads ; branches verticillate — Sporidia on the tips of the threads Vesicles of separate branches conjugating — Producing a sporangium .... Flocci collected in a spongy globose mass. Hypogseous — Vesicles globose Ascophora. _ Mucor. Pilobolus. Hydrophora. Endodromia. Sporodinia. Acrostalagmus. Syzygites. Endogone. Gen . 265. ASCOPHORA, Tode. Sporangia collapsing, and at length hanging down over the fructifying apices like a hood. Fruit sometimes of two kinds. Berk Outl.p. 407. {Fig. 299 . ) Fig. 299. 1830. Ascophora mucedo. Tode. “ Common Ascophora.” Flocci simple ; sporangia terminal, at first globose, then oval? at length collapsed, sub-campanulate, whitish, then dark ashy- grey. — Fr. S.M . iii.y?. 310. T ode. i. t. 3 ,/. 22. Cor da,., Anl. t. c. f. 24, no. 1-4. Nees.f. 80. Grev. t. 269. Eng. FI. r.p. 331. Pay. f. 370, Fckl. exs. no. 54. Ccem. Act. Belg. viii ./. 17. Fringsh.Jahrb. ii. t. 30,/. 29. Bisch.f '. 3790. On bread, &c. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] {Fig. 299.) 630 MTJCORINI. 1831. A.scopho?a elegans. Corda % “ Elegant Ascophora.” Tufts minute, very fugacious, white ; stem erect, rigid, fragile, white, simple above, with intricate dichotomous branches at the base ; sporangia single, terminal, globose, brownish ; sporidia ovoid. — Corda . iii./. 43. Thamnidium elegans , Lie. Obs . i. t. 2,/. 45. Nees.f. 75. Flora. 1857, t. 5,/. 70. MUCOR, Mich. Threads free; sporangia at length bursting, but not dependent.— Berk. Outl.p. 407. (Fig. 300.) 1882. Mucor phycomyces. Berk. “ Shining Mucor.” Mycelium obsolete, flocci decumbent, olivaceous, shining ; sporidia yellowish. — B erk. Outl.p. 407 . Phycomyces nitens , Bisch.f. 3792. Fr. S.M.iii.p. 309. Kunze. M.H. ii. t. 2. /. 9. Ann. N.H. no. 224. Byssus olivaceus , TUmcA. North, p. 121 . On greasy walls, fat, &c. [Low. Carolina.] 1883. Mucor xamosus. Bull. “ Branched Mucor.” Laniform ; fertile flocci branched, above racemose ; sporangia globose. — Bull. t. 480,/. 3. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 318. Pers. Obs. i. t. 6,/. 5, 6. Eng. FI. v.p. 331. On rotting fungi, &c. Sometimes the sporangia are reddish-brown, more commonly yellow then bluish-grey. The branches are alternate and racemose, divaricate, 1884. Mucox mucedo. L. “ Common Mucor.” Byssoid; fertile flocci simple ; sporangia and sporidia globose^ at length blackish. — Linn. Sp. 1655. Bolt. 1. 132, f. 1. Sow. t. 378,/. 6. Fr. S.M.p. 320. Eng. FI. v. p. 332. Bull. t. 480,/ 2. Mich. t. 95,/. 1. Fres. t . 1,/. 1-12. On fruit, paste, preserves, &c. Common*. [United States.] On fowl’s dung. Gen. 266. MTJCORHsTT. 631 1885. Mucor caninus. P. “ Dog’s dung Mucor.” Fertile flocci simple, sporangia at length yellow or ferrugi- nous, globose; sporidia globose or elliptic. — Pers. Syn. p. 201. Pers. Obs. t. 6,/. 3, 4. Grev. t. 305. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 320. Desm. exs. no . 402. Eng . FL v. p. 332. Bisch. f. 3732. FcJcl. exs. no. 52. On dung of cats and dogs. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Head at first white, then bright yellow, then yellow-brown, at length black. Occasionally the colour is not so bright, and in the last stage the heads are scarcely black. Flocci at first erect, soon leaning in every direc- tion.— M. J. B. {Fig. 300.) 1886. Mucoi fusiger. Lk. “ Fusiform Mucor.” Byssoid ; fertile flocci simple, sporangia globose, hyaline, at length black ; sporidia fusiform. — Link. Sp.i. p. 93. Fr. S.M . iii. p. 321. Eng. FI. v. p. 332. Fckl. exs.no. 53. On decaying Agarics. [Low. Carolina.] Flocci septate, filled internally with distinct granules, thinly scattered, divergent, springing from the branched mycelium in such a manner that several of the sterile flocci unite to give off the simple sporidiferous thread ; sporidia exactly fusiform. — M. J. B. 1887. Mucoz clavatus. Lk. “ Clavate Mucor.” Byssoid ; fertile flocci simple, penetrating the globose spo- rangia by their clayate apices ; sporidia globose. — Link Sp. i. p. 92. Fr. £.Jf.iii.p.321. Eng. Fl.v.p. 332. Bon. 1. 10,/. 202. On fruit, &c. Winter. [Low Carolina.] Sporangia at first white, then brown, at length black ; fertile flocci not septate, indistinctly granular within ; sporidia minute. — M. J. B. 1888. Mucor amethysteus. Berk. “ Amethyst Mucor.” Fertile flocci simple ; sporangia white, then pale yellow, then crystalline, and pure yiolet, at length violet-black or brownish ; sporidia globose, with globose sporidioli, dull yiolet. — Berk . Eng. Fl.y.p. 332. On rotting pears. Winter. Apethorpe. Fertile flocci about £ in. high, four times as thick as in M. clavatus , filled with distinct granules; sporangia depresso-globose, sometimes collapsing slightly and nodding ; sporidia rather large, containing globose sporidiola, which easily separate ; mycelium thick, expanded, pure white, closely inter- woven. — M . J. B. 1889. Mucor succosus. Berk. “ Spongy Mucor.” Very minute ; hyphasma spongiose ; sporangia very minute, 632 MUCORINI. globose, yellow, then olive ; columella minute. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 225. *.12,/. 15. On cut stumps of Aucuba japonica. May. Apethorpe. Forming small pulvinate orange-ochre spongy masses, which, while there is abundant nutriment, do not fructify, but when gathered produce a forest of exceedingly minute globose yellow sporangia, not visible to the naked eye, at length becoming olive ; columella very small, and little more than a slight swelling of the top of the stem. — M. J . B. 1890. Mucox hyalinus. Cooke . “ Hyaline Mucor.” Conidia. Sterile flocci effused, fertile somewhat branched ; conidia rose-coloured, oblong, subfusiform . — Penicillium roseum. Link. Fr. S.M. iii.p. 409. B. Br. Ann . N.H. no. 535. Sporangia. Hyphasma creeping, profuse ; flocci white, erect, branching ; branches simple, sometimes divided, terminated by a delicate, hyaline, globose sporangium, containing minute sub- globose sporidia. — Cooke exs. no. 359. Pop. Sci. Rev. Jan. 1861, t. 68, Jig. 5. On leaves of box. Winter. Forming a dense white coating over the leaves, mixed with Penicillium roseum, Link, of which it appears to be the mature condition. The sporangia are small and very delicate, so as to be made out with difficulty. In habit very much like the Penicillium , but without any roseate tint. 1891. Mucor delicatulus. Berk. “ Delicate Mucor.” Fertile flocci simple, abbreviated, of the same thickness as those of the mycelium ; sporangia globose, pale yellow ; sporidia globose. — Berk. Eng. FI. v.p. 332. On rotting gourds. Autumn. Apethorpe. So small as to be scarcely perceptible to the naked eye, forming a velvety stratum, saturated with the juice of the matrix ; sporangia at first white, then very pale yellow, sometimes apparently springing immediately from the branched, septate mycelium, and decumbent. — M.J.B. 1892. Mucor tenerrimus. Berk. “ Slender Mucor.” Scattered, minute, wholly white ; stem flexuous above, apex clavate; head with a globose columella. — Berk. Outl. p. 407. Hydropliora tenerrima , Berk. Hook. Journ. 1841,/). 78, t. i .f. B. On sticks in woods. Scarcely visible to the naked eye ; stem a little flexuous above, ending in a clavate swelling, beyond which is the globose columella, from the base of which is deflected all round over the apex of the stem a delicate frill which at first formed a portion of the pendulum, and by its rupture leaves a large circular aperture at its base. Sporangium quite smooth, of two membranes often separated, sometimes in close contact ; sporidia elliptic, filling the cavity between the columella and the inner membrane.— M.J.B. MTTCORINI. 633 1893. Mucor subtilissimus. Berk. “ Onion Mucor.” Mycelium creeping ; fertile flocci branched ; branches short, spreading, each terminated by a minute sporangium; vesicles at length vanishing ; spores oblong-elliptic. — Berk. Hort. Journ. iii. p. 98,/. 1-5. On mildewed onions, developed from Sclerotium cepcevorum (Ann. N.H . no. 168). This mould is so exceedingly minute that it may be considered as the most microscopic of any yet found in Britain. Gen. 267. PXLOBOIiUS, Tode. Fig. 301. On dung. Flocci simple, continuous, when mature ventricose above and clavate, terminated by an indurated, globose sporangium; dehis- cent ; including a globose sporidium. — Fr. S.M. iii. p.312. (Fig. 301.) 1894. Pilobolus csrystallinus. Tode. “ Crystalline Pilobolus.” Apices of the flocci at length clavate, obovate ; sporangium hemispherical. — Fr. S.M. i\\. p. 312. Purt. iii. t. 31. Pers.Obs . i. t. 4,/. 9, 10. Bull.t. 480,/. 1. Sow. t. 300. Bolt. t. 133,/. 1. Dicks, t. 3,/. 6. Fckl. exs. no. 49. Corda. Icon, vi ./. 32. Bisch.f. 3724. Bon. t. 10,/. 203. Kl. exs. no. 1630. [United States.] “At first appearing, as Fries observes, under the form of a small yellow Sclerotium , which gradually acquires a stem, becomes inflated above, and loses its yellow hue ; often densely tufted ; very fugacious.”— M.J.B. 1895. Pilobolus roridus. Schum. “Dewy Pilobolus.” Flocci elongated, filiform, apices globose ; sporangium puncti- form. — Fr. S.M. iii .p. 312. Gurr. Linn. Journ. 1856, t. 2. Pluck, phy . t. 116,/. 7. Bisch.f. 3725. Bolt. 1. 132,/. 4. On dung. [S. Carolina, U. S.] Smaller and slenderer than P . crystallinus. (Fig. 301, magnified.) MTTCORIlSri. HYDROPHORA, Tode. Threads erect, tubular, sparingly articu- late, equal above, terminated by a vesicle which is at first watery and crystalline, then turbid, and at length indurated, and persistent from the conglomeration of the spores. — Berk. Outl. p. 407. Eng. FI. v. p. 331. {Fig. 302.) 1896. Hydzophoia stercorea. Tode. “ Dung Hydrophora.” Fleecy ; flocci simple, very long, fuga- cious, white, sporangia spherical yellow, at length black. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 314. Eng. FI. v. p. 331. Mucor stercoreus , Grev. FI. Ed. p. 448. Corda . Icon. vi./. 31 ? Fckl. exs. no. 51. On dung. Distinguished by the crystalline, watery, not membranous, and dehiscent sporangium, and the indurated mass of sporidia not falling away in water. Gen. 269. ENDODROM1A, Berk. Vesicle very delicate, perforated by the stem, filled with delicate, branched, radiating threads and globose spores, with a nucleus endowed with active motion. — Berk. Outl.p. 408. Hook. Jour n. iii. p. 79. {Fig. 303.) Fig. 303. 1897. Endodromia vitrea. Berk. “ Glassy Endodromia.” Stem straight, slightly attenuated upwards, penetrating the sporangium ; sporangium delicate, soon breaking up, filled with globose, colourless sporidia, and radiating, branched threads ; sporidia with a globose nucleus. — Berk. Hook. Journ. 1841, iii. t. 1 ,/• c. On fallen branches, especially ash. Yery minute, scarcely to be distinguished without the aid of a high mag- nifying power. Within each sporidium is a single globose nucleus, which moves about with great activity.— M.J.B. {Fig. 303 ) 634 Gen. 268 . Fig. 302. MUCOEINI. 635 Gen. 270. SPORODINXA, Link. Stem dichotomously branclied ; vesicles solitary, terminal, at length splitting horizontally ; columella large ; spores simple, growing on the columella. — j Berk. Outl. p. 408. (Fig. 304.; 1898. Spoxodinia dichotoma. Cor da. “ Dichotomous Sporodinia.” Tufts ochraceous ; stem simple below, brown above, four times dichotomous ; branches and ramuli spreading ; sporangia terminal, obovate, diaphanous, circumscissile ; columella hemis- pherical ; sporidia large, globose, colourless, hyaline. — Corda. i. /. 284. (Fig. 304.) On decaying fungi. Gen . 271. ACEOSTALAGMUS, Corda. Fig. 305. Flocci branched ; branches verticillate ; vesicles terminal, pierced by the threads, from the tips of which the spores are produced within the cells. — Berk. Outl.p. 408. (Fig. 305.) 1899. Acxostalagmus cinnabaxinus. Corda. “Vermillion Acrostalagmus.” Conidia. Verticillium lateritium. — Botrytis lateritia , Berk, exs. no. 98. Sporangia. Tufts effused, vermillion, then pulverulent, my- celium branched, septate ; stem straight, rigid, septate, pellucid ; branches 4-5 ternate, ramuli verticillate, quaternate, subulate, spreading, capitate ; sporangia globose ; sporidia oval. — Corda. ii ./. 66. Willk.p. 92,/. a-e. Kl. exs. no. 1276. Fckl. exs. no. 155. 636 MUCOKXNI. On decaying plants. A very beautiful and not uncommon species, often of a ruddy pink rather than vermillion. ( Fig . 305, magnified.) Gen . 272. SYZYGITES, Ehrb. Threads branched above; vesicles of separate branches conjugating and forming a distinct sporangium.— Berk. Outl.p. 408. {Fig. 306.) 1900. Syzygites megalocax- pus. Ehb. “Conjugating Syzygites.” Tufts effused, irregular, dingy; olive-brown or glau- cous ; flocci intricate, fili- form, cystomorphous ; branches large, clavate, in- flated, at first flesh coloured, then dingy ; sporangia brown, verrucose, shining ; spores ovate, whitish. — Elir. Syl . Ber. p . 21, t. 2. Corda Praclit. t. 24. Bisch. f. 3794. Fees. t. 5. (Fig. 306.; On decaying agarics. Fig. 306. Gen. 273. Fig. 307. ENDOGONE, Link. Hypogaeous ; flocci collected into a glo- bose, spongy mass ; vesicles globose, soli- tary, or collected in little fascicles at the ends of the branches. — Fr. S.M. \i.p. 295. Tul. Hyp. p. 181. Berk. Outl.p. 408. {Fig. 307.) 1901. Endogone pisiformis. Linl. “ Pea-shaped Endogone.” Irregularly globose, yellowish, dry ; vesicles large, visible to the naked eye. — Link. Obs. t. 2,/. 52. Tul. Hyp.p. 183, t. 20, f. 1. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 9,/. 94. Corda. Anl. t. c.f. 40, no. 4, 5. B. Br. Ann. N.H. xviii.^?. 81. Berk. Outl. t. 24,/. 7. Gard. Chron. 14 Mar. 1845. MUCORINI. 637 Amongst moss and in the superficial soil ; under beech and larch, and in oak and hazel woods. In a young state it is hard, when old less compact and granulated. About the size of a pea. Tulasne seems to regard the British plant as Endogone, macrocarpa. — Tul. 1902. Sndogone lactiflua. B. $ Br. “Milky Endogone Irregular, globose, depressed, white, then dingy flesh-colour, foetid, replete with a thick isabelline juice ; vesicles distinct to the naked eye. — B.fyBr. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 81. BerJc. Outl. p. 409. Tul. Hyp . p. 183. On the ground. Oct. Chudleigh. Globose, at length depressed, half an in. in diameter ; at first white, but soon, especially when rubbed, assuming a reddish tinge, pouring out when cut a rich, pale-red, cream-like fluid $ sporangia as large as those of E. pisiformis. 638 SAPROLEGNIEI. Order XXV. SAFE OLE GNIEI. This order is at present uncertain, some consider- ing it to belong to Algales, others to Fungi ; it is named here provisionally, without venturing any special claim to a place amongst moulds, though of opinion that the evidence seems to be in its favour. The following works may be consulted with advantage : — Pringsheim , N., Nachtrage zur Morphologie der Saprolegnieen. Jahrbiicher fur wissenschaftliche Botanik, ii. p. 284 (1858) ; t. xix. xx. ii. p. 205, t. xix (1860). Archer , W., On Saprolegniaceae. Proceedings Dublin Microscopi- cal Club, i. p. 17, 97. Archer, W., On two New' Species in Saprolegniese. Pro- ceedings Dublin Microscopical Club, i. p. 123. Pringsheim , A 7 ., Monographic der Achyla prolifera. Nova Acta Nat. Curios., xxii. p. 1, t. 50. De Bary,A ., Einige neue Sap- rolegnieen. Pringsheims Jahr- biicher, vol. ii. p. 169 (1860). Unger , Dr., Recherches sur l’Achyla prolifera. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 3rd ser., vol. ii. p. 5 (1844). Thuret, G., Recherches sur les Zoospores des Algues Saproleg- niees. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 3rd ser., vol. xiv. p. 229 (1850). Tute, J. S., Insect Moulds. Sci. Goss., 1865, p. 133. Griffith AHenfrey, Micrograph ical Dictionary — “ Achyla,” p. 8 (1860). Braun , A., Rejuvenescence in Nature, pp. 188, 268 (1853)- j Robin, C., Histoire des Yegetaux parasites, p. 372 (1853). Gienkowski , in Botanische Zeitung, xiii. p. 801. Nageli , C., Zeitschrift fur Wiss. Bot., i. p. 102, iii. p. 28. Fig. 308. SAPR0LEGN1EI. 639 Fig. 309. The following species are named as British : — Saprolegnia ferax, Kutz. of which Sporendonema muscce , Fries, or Empusa muscce , Cohn, is an imperfect terrestrial con- dition. It is common on flies in autnmn. {Figs. 308, 309.) Saprolegnia monoica. Prings. Archer in Proc. Dubl. Micr. Club, i. p. 17. 640 SAPROLEGNIEI. Saprolegnia androgyna. Archer. Proc. Dubl. Micr. Club, i. p. 98, 126, t. 8, f. 1. Achyla prolifera. Nees. Achyla dioica. Prings. Achyla cornuta. Archer, in Proc. Dubl. Micr. Club. i. p. 128, t. 8, f. 2-6. Aphanomyces stellatus. Be By. Archer in Proc. Dubl. Micr. Club. i. p. 17. ONYGENEI. 641 Family VII. ASCOMYCETES. Fruit consisting of sporidia, mostly definite, contained in asci, springing from a naked, or enclosed stratum of fructifying cells, and forming an hymenium or nucleus. — Berk. Outl.p. 357. The essential character of this important division consists in the develop- ment of definite or indefinite sporidia within certain of the external cells of the bymenium called asci, frequently accompanied by inarticulate or septate, simple or branched, threads, which are abortive asci, known under the name of par aphyses.— Berk Intr.p. 270. Asci often evanescent. Receptacle clavseform. Asci springing from threads . , , Perithecia free. Asci springing from the base ..... Asci persistent. Perithecia opening by a distinct ostiolum Hard or coriaceous, hymenium at length exposed Hypogeous ; hymenium complicated .... Fleshy, waxy, or tremelloid ; hymenium mostly exposed Onygenei. Perisporiacei . Splicer iacei. Pliacidiacei . Tuberacei. Elvellacei. Order XXVI. ONYGENEI. Peridium formed of closely interwoven threads ; sporidia at length forming a compact, dusty mass. — Berk , Outl.p. 406. General receptacle clavseform or subglobose ; peridium brittle, filled with branched threads, which produce asci at different points ; asci soon absorbed ; sporidia filling the cavity of the peridium, pulverulent. — Berk. Intr.p. 272. Gen. 274. Fig. 309. ONYGENA, Pers. Parasitic on animal substances ; peridium stipitale, or sessile, papyraceous, at length splitting ; asci delicate ; sporidia at length forming a dusty mass. — Berk. Outl.p. 406. {Fig. 309.) The species resemble little round-headed nails, and are smooth externally, and filled within with reddish powder, which is at first contained in asci. They are small and singular from their affecting animal sub- stances, and their external resemblance to little puff- balls. ( Fig. 309.) 642 ONYGENEI. 1903. Onygena equina. Pers. “ Hoof Onygena.” Head lenticular, furfuraceous, dirty white, at length more or less regularly splitting all round ; stem abbreviated ; sporidia oblong-ovate or ovate, simple ; epispore pale tawny ; nucleus oblong, hyaline. — Pers. Syn.p. 203. Feld. Sym. Myc. t. 6,/. 19. Moug. exs. no. 775. Grev. t. 343. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1844, t. 17, f. 12-17. Corda. vi. 1. 10,/. 96. Fr. S.M. iii.p. 207. Eng. FI. v. p. 322. Chev. t. 8, f. 8. Lycop. equinum. Sow. t. 292. Lycop. gossypinum. Bolt. 1 . 178. Ray. Syn. ( ed . 3), 1 . 1,/. 3. Mich . t. 97, /. 8. Pers. Obs. ii. t. 6,/. 3, a. b. c. FI. Dan. 1. 1309, f. 1. Nees.f. 121 . On hoofs of horses, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] (Fig. 309.) 1904. Onygena piligena. Fr. “ Flannel Onygena.” Head globose, somewhat umbilicate beneath, peridium rup- turing at the base, deciduous, membranaceous ; stem elongated, equal. — Fr. S.M. iii. p. 208. B. Br. Ann.N.H. no. 219. FI. Dan . t. 1740, f. 2. On old flannel. Sherwood Forest. Gregarious ; stem half in. long, equal, even, fibroso-striate. According to some the peridium is double, the outer being membranaceous, white, split- ting to the base in unequal revolute lacinise, the inner very delicate and translucent. 1905. Onygena apus. B.&Br. “ Bone Onygena.” Peridium white, sessile, globose, seated on a delicate, white mycelium, externally tomentose, mature mass red-brown. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 582. On decaying bones. Nov. Bristol. Peridia globose, white, sessile, seated on a delicate white mycelium, about the size of rape seeds, under a lens tomentose, but even, not rugose ; spo- ridia ovate-elliptic, containing one or two granules, colouring the internal mass of a dark chocolate.— i?. & Br. Closely allied to the North American species 0. corvina. A. & S. PERISPORIACEI, 648 Order XXVII. PERISPORIACEI. Perithecia subglobose, always closed, except by decay, mostly membranaceous ; nucleus never diffluent. — Berk. Outl. p. 403. Perithecia free, astomous, often surrounded by threads, distinct from the mycelium (fulcra). Asci tubular or saccate, often absorbed at an early stage, springing from the base, occasionally solitary. Many of the species grow on living leaves, and are very destructive. — Berk Intr. p. 273. Perithecia collapsing above, attached to radiating fibres Perithecia subglobose, without distinct thallus or ap- pendages Oonceptacle with one sporangium. Appendages floccose . Appendages dichotomous, thickened at the tips Oonceptacle with many sporangia. Appendages needle-shaped, rigid .... Appendages hooked ^ Appendages dichotomous Appendages floccose ....... Perithecia thin, brittle, sporangia linear, sporidia col- oured Perithecia seated on conidiiferous threads Perithecia reticulated, attached to mucedinous threads . Lasiobotrys. ~ Perisporium. - Sphcerotheca; Podosphcera. - Phyllactinia. - XJncinula. - Microsphceria . -£ 4 : / Erysiphe. Chcetomium . - Ascotricha , - Eurotium. ~ Gen. 275. PERISPORIUM, Fr. Perithecium subglobose, without any manifest thallus or appendages ; asci clavate ; sporidia indefinite. — Berk. Outl. p. 403. ( Fig . 310.) 1906. Perisporium princeps. Berk. “ Princely Perisporium.” Peridia in clusters, sub-hemis- pherical, very black and large ; sporidia brown, very much crowded in the asci. — Berk, in lift. Berk. Outl. p. 403. Berk. exs. no. 287. On a beam which had been taken out of a chimney and ex- posed to the weather. King’s Cliffe. 2 e 2 644 PERISPORIACEI. 1907. Peiispozium vulgare. Corda . “ Common Perisporium.” Gregarious, globose, black, erumpent or superficial ; asci cla- vate ; sporidia ovate, brown, concatenate in fours. — Corda. ii. f. 97. B. fyBr. Ann. N.H. no. 1103. Payenf. 442-249. On old rope. Nov. Batheaston. (F ig . 310.) Sporidia in chains of four ('00025 in.) *006 m.m. long when separated; asci with a delicate stem. 1908. Peiisposrium arundinis. Desm. “ Reed Ferisporium.” Scattered, flattened, nearly black, minute ; sporidia ovate, or oblong, pale brown. — Desm. exs. no. 329. Berk Ann. N.H. no. 220. Fckl.exs.no. 644. On leaves of reeds and tbeir sheaths. Spring. ( 1 A very doubtful production.”'— M. J. B. Often barren. Gen . 276. LASIOEOTRYS, Kunze. Erumpent ; central peri- dium between fleshy and horny, proliferous, collaps- ing above, attached to ra- diating fibres ; secondary peridia ascigerous ; asci cy- lindrical. — Berk Outl.pAOA This genus differs from its allies in its subcuticular growth. {Fig. 311). 1909. Lasiobotiys loniceree. Kze. “ Honey- suckle Lasiobotiys.” Perithecia crowded in little orbicular tufts, even, depressed above; radiating filament simple; asci cylindrical, short, thick; sporidia? — Kunze M.H.ii. p. 88. Grev. t. 191. Moug. exs. no. 860. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 233. Fr. Obs. i. t. 4,/. 7. Eng. FI. v. p. 325. B. fyBr. Ann. N.H.no. 661, t. xii./. 44. Gard. Chron. Dec. 6, 1851. Desm.exs.no. 957. Corda. Anl. t. F. f. 53, 4-7. Bisch.f. 3701. Fclcl.exs.no. 1749. Berk. exs. no. 48. On living leaves of Lonicera. PERISPORIACEI. 645 Epiphyllous, or cauline, with or without a yellow spot, at first covered by the epidermis, when mature very black, and regular, circular, from one to two lines in breadth, slightly convex, bursting at first in the centre, and ex- posing the perithecia. (Fig. 311— a, nat. size ; b, portion of tuft enlarged; c, perithecia magni- fied.) Lasiobotrys linnet, Berk, is Venturia Dickicei. Gen . 277. SPH-SEROTHECJA, Lev. Mycelium arachnoid; perithe- cia globose, containing a single globose sporangium ; append- ages numerous, floccose. — Berk . Outl.p. 404. (Fig. 312.) 1910. Sphaerotheca pannosa. Lev. “ Rose Blight.” Mycelium thickened, woolly, \ 1 felted, persistent ; concept acles minute, globose, scattered; appendages floccose, white; sporan- > • ^ gium many-spored. — Lev . Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 138, t. 6,/. *> \ 8. Cooke Micr. F. t. xi ./. 217, 218. Cooke exs. no. 90. Eng. FI. v y. p. 325. Fckl.exs.no. 725. Erysiphe pannosa. Tul. Carp.i.p. ; 208, t. 3. Berk. exs. no. 96. Eurotium rosarum. Grev.t.\§\,f.2. ^ Baxt. exs. no. 92. Fr. S.M. iii.j). 232. ^ On the branches, calyces, petioles, and leaves of roses. Com- ^ mon. ^ The conidiophorous condition is Oidium leucoconmm. — Desmz . Fig. 312. 1911. Sphaerotheca Castagnei. Lev. “ Hop Blight.” On both surfaces ; mycelium effuse, web-like, commonly evan- escent ; conceptacles minute, scattered, globose ; appendages numerous, short, flexuose above ; sporangium many-spored. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 139, t. 6,/. 9, 10. Cooke M.F. t. xi. /. 216. Cooke exs. no. 91. Fckl. exs. no. 711-720. E. Dip sacearum, Tul. Carp. i.p. 210, t. 4,/. 4-9. E. macular is, Eng . FI. Y.p. 325. Ayres, exs . no. 22. On leaves of hop, meadowsweet, and other plants. {Fig. 312, conceytade magnified.) ' VV ' ; ' ’ft „ , t /wy 646 PERISPORIACEI. Gen . 278, PHYLLACTINIA, Ley. Perithecia hemispherical, at length depressed, seated on a persistent or evanescent mem- branaceo-granular receptacle ; appendages straight, rigid, aci- cular, at length bent back. — Berk . Outl.p. 404. {Fig. 313.) 1912. Fhyllactinia guttata. Lev. “ Hazel Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web- like, often evanescent; concep- tacles large, scattered, hemis- pherical, at length depressed ; appendages hyaline, rigid, simple ; sporangia 4-20, containing 2-4 sporidia. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 144, t.7, f. 11. Cooke M.F. t. xi .f. 219, 220. Cookeexs. no. 92. Fckl. exs. no. 702- 710. Erysiphe guttata, Eng. FI. v. p. 327. Baxt. exs. no. 96. Tul. Carp. i.p. 194, t. i. Berk. exs. no. 205. On leaves of hawthorn, hazel, ash, elm, alder, beech, birch, oak, hornbeam, &c. Common. [United States.] {Fig. 313, conceptacle magnified 300.) Fig. 313. Gen. 279. UNCINULA, Lev. Mycelium floccose ; perithecia glo- bose ; appendages rigid, simple, bifid, • or dichotomous, uncinate, at length bent upwards. — Berk. Outl.p. 404. {Fig. 314.) 1913. Uncinula adunca. Lev. (l Willow Blight.” Mycelium variable ; conceptacles Fig. 314. scattered or gregarious, minute ; ap- • pendages simple ; sporangia 8-12, sub-pyriform, containing 4 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 150, ti 7,/. 15. Cobke M.F. t. xi. f. 221-224. Fckl. exs. no. 699-700. E. Salicis, Tul. Carp. i.p. 198, t. 2. f. 1. E. adunca , Eng.Fl.v.p.327. Grev.t. 296. Baxt. exs. no. 95. On leaves of willows, poplars, birch, &c. [United States.] {Fig. 314, conceptacle magnified .) 'A PERISPORIACEI. 647 1914 . tTncinula hicornis. Lev . “ Maple Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web -like, effuse, evanescent, or like a membrane and persistent ; conceptacles large, hemispherical, at length depressed ; appendages simple, bifid, or dichotomous, uncinate ; sporangia 8, sub-pyriform, containing 8 spores. — Lev. Ann . Sc. Nat. 1851, xv.p. 153, t. 7,/. 17. Cooke M.F.t.xi.f. 225- 228. Cooke exs. no. 93. Fckl. exs.no. 701. E. aceris , Tul. Carp. i. p. 197, t . 2,f. 2, 3. j E. bicornis , Eng. FI. v. p. 327. Ayres , tfxs. wo. 78. On leaves of maples, &c. Common. fi | >6 O - A A .Pi 1915 . Vncinula Wallrothii. Lev . “ Sloe Blight.” ^ . Amphigenous; mycelium web -like, evanescent; conceptacles ^ y c minute, scattered ; sporanges 12-16, pear-shaped, 6-spored ; ap- pendages numerous, twice the length of the diameter of the ^ conceptacles. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv.p. 153, t. 7, f. 16. ^ J Seem. Journ.iY. p.§l . Cooke M.F. ii. ed.p. 226. Erysiphe Pru- t ^ nastri , D.C . FI. Fr. vi.p. 108. Tul. Carp. i. p. 199. Erysiphe ^ j? adunca , |3. Prunastri , Duby.p. 870. AV. /S.ilf. iii.p. 245. On the leaves of Prunus spinosa. October. This species is very closely allied to Uncimda adunca , from which t. length of the appendages, the number of sporanges, and of the spores, with its evanescent mycelium, distinguish it. Gen. 280 . POBOSPKiERA, Kunze. Mycelium effuse, web- like, evanescent ; con- ceptacles sphaerical, con- taining one, sub-globose, 8-spored sporangium ; spores ovate; append- ages few, dichotomous, thickened at their ex- tremities, hyaline. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. (Fig. 315.) 1916 . Podosphaeara Kunzei. Lev. “ Plum-leaf Blight/’ Amphigenous; conceptacles minute, scattered, globose; ap- pendages three times the length of the diameter of the concep- 648 PERISPORIACEI. tacles. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 135, t. §,f. 6. Cooke Seem. Journ. t. xlv./. 3. Cooke M.F. ii. ed.p. 226. FcU.exs.no. 726-728. Erysibe tridactyla, Rabh. D. Krypt.. Fl.p. 237. Desmz. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, t. iii.^?. 361. Tul. Carp, i , p. 201, t. 4, i /’. 11- 13. On the leaves of JPrunus domestica. September. 1917. Podosphasara clandestina. Lev. “ Hawthorn Blight.” Amphigenous ; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered ; ap- pendages (8-10) equal in length to the diameter of the concep- tacles ; branches short and rounded at their extremities. Lev Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1851, xv.p. 135, t. 6,/. 5. Cooke Seem. Journ. t.xlv.fA. Cooke M.F. ii. ed.p. 226. Fckl.exs.no. 729. Erysiphe Oxyacantlice , D.C. FI. Fr. vi. p. 106. Duby. Lot. Gall. 868. Cast. Cat. p. 190. Tul. Carp, i .p. 202, t. 4 ,f. 10. Erysiphe clandestina. Fr. Sys. Myc.p. 238. On the leaves of hawthorn. September. Gen. 281 . mCROSPH-ERIA, Lev. Mycelium arachnoid ; ; ap- pendages straight, dichotomous; branchlets swelling at the tip, or filiform. — Berk. Outl.p. 404. {Fig. 316.) 1918. Microsphaeria Hedwigii. Lev. “ Mealy Guelder-rose Blight.” Hypophyllous ; mycelium web- like, evanescent ; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered ; ap- pendages few, very little longer than the diameter of the concep- Fig. 316. tacles ; sporangia 4, ovate, containing 4 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 155, t. 8,/. 19. Cooke M.F. p. 219, t. xii.f. 243. Calocladia Hedwigii. Fckl. exs. no. 6 95. On leaves of mealy gue' ‘ PERISPORIACEI. 649 1919. Microsph&ria penicillata. Lev . “ Guelder-rose Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, effuse, evanescent ; con- ceptacles scattered, minute, globose ; appendages 8-12, equal to the diameter of the conceptacle ; sporangia 4, ovate, rostrate, containing 8 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv.p. 1 55, t. 8,/. 21. Cooke M.F. t. xi. /. 234. Fckl. exs. 690, 691. E. Alni , Tul. Carp . i. p. 203, t. 2,/. 5-7. On leaves of guelder-rose and alder. [United States.] 1920. Hliczosphaezia IWEougeotii. Lev. “ Tea-tree Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, oftentimes persistent ; con- ceptacles minute, scattered or gregarious, globose, at length de- pressed; appendages loosely dichotomous ; sporangia 12-16, on a short pedicel, 2- spored. — Lev . Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv.p. 158, t . 9,/. 24. Cooke M.F. p.219. On leaves "of Lycium barbarum . October. 1921. Miczosph^iia bezbezidis. Lev. “ Berberry Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web -like, oftentimes persistent ; conceptacles scattered or gregarious, globose, minute ; append- ages few (5-10) ; branchlets long, divaricate, obtuse at their apices ; sporangia 6, ovate, containing 6-8 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat, 1851, xv. p. 159, 1. 10,/. 28. Cooke M.F. t. xi./. 229-232. Cooke exs. no. 95. Fckl. exs. no. 693. E. Berberidis , Tul. Carp . i. p. 204, t. 5,/. 1. E. penicillata. Eng. FI. v. p. 327 {partly). On leaves of berberry. Autumn. 1922. Microsphsezia gzossulazise. Lev. “ Gooseberry Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, fugacious or persistent ; conceptacles scattered or gregarious, globose, minute ; append- ages 10-15, vaguely dichotomous, ultimate branchlets bidentate; sporangia 4-8, ovate, containing 4-5 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 160, t. 9,/. 25. Cooke M.F.p. 220. Fckl. exs. no. 697. E . penicillata, Eng . FI. v.p. 327 (partly). On gooseberry leaves. 1923. Miczosphaezia comat a. Lev. “ Spindle-tree Blight.” Hypophyllous ; mycelium web-like, fugacious ; conceptacles scattered, minute, globose ; sporanges, 8, ovate, with a beak- like termination at their base, 4-spored ; appendages few, six ’2e 5 .! i, PERTSPORIACEI. ,5 V * j j ^ ci * \ w i i 5 "4 * times the length of the diameter of the conceptacles . — Calocla dia comata, Lev. Ann. des. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 157, t. 9,/. 2l. Cooke Seem. Journ. t. xlv. /. 5. CooJce.exs. no. 94. Cooke M.F . k ^ ^ ed.p. 226. Fckl. exs. no. 692. Erysibe Euonymi , DC. Fl.Ffi » ^ X S p. 105. E. penicillata , e. Euonymi , Fr. S.M . iii.p. 244. On the leaves of Euonymus Europceus. September. A- V 282 . ERYSIFHE, Hedw. Mycelium arachnoid; append- ages floccose, simple, or irregu- larly branched. — Berk. Outl. p. 404. (Fig. 317.) Pig. 317. * Sporangia 2-spored. 1924. Ezysiphe Linkii. Lev. “Mugwort Blight. ,, Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, fugacious or persistent ; "conceptacles minute, globose, scattered, emersed; appendages white, interwoven with the mycelium ; sporangia 8-20, pyri- form, with elongated pedicels. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv.p. 161, 1. 10, /. 29. Cooke M.F. t. xii. f. 248, 249. Cooke exs. no. 199. Fckl. exs. no. 648,649. E. communis. Eng. FI. v. p. 325 (partly). On leaves of mugwort. Autumn. 1925. Esrysiphe lamprocaipa. Lev. “ Composite Blight.” Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, fugacious, or persistent ; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered, or gregarious ; append- ages coloured, interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia 8-16, shortly pedicellate. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 163, 1. 10,/. 31. Cooke M.F. 1. 12,/. 250, 251. Cookeexs.no. 200. Fckl. exs. no. 650-658. On leaves of Salsify, Scorzonera, Plantain, &c. Autumn. (Fig, 317, Conceptacle and Sporangium magnified.) A, VtAA&feA PERISPORIACEI. 651 ** Sporangia 3-8 spored. 1926. Erysiphe graminis. D.C, “Grass Blight.’ ’ Amphigenous or epiphyllous ; mycelium effuse, floccose, per- sistent ; conceptacles large, gregarious or disseminated, hemis- pherical, at length depressed and semi-immersed; appendages simple or interwoven with the mycelium ; sporangia 20-24, ovate, pedicellate, with 8 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 165, 1 . 10,/. 33. CooTce M.F. t. xi. /. 235, 236. Ayres, exs . no. 23. Tul. Carp A. p. 212. Fckl.exs.no. 659. On leaves of grasses. Autumn. The conidiiferous condition of this species is Oldium monilioides . Link. 1927. Erysiphe rnartii. Lk. “ Pea Blight/’ Amphigenous ; mycelium web-like, very often evanescent, globose ; appendages short, interwoven with the mycelium; sporangia 4-8 globose, pedicellate, with 4-8 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 166, 1. 10,/. 34. Cooke M.F. t. xi../. 237-239. Cooke exs.no. 96. Fckl. exs.no. 660-671. E. pisi. Tul. Carp A. p.21(i,t- 5 ,/. 7, a. b. E. communis. Eng. FI. v.p. 325 (partly). On leave of peas, beans, Umbelliferce , &c. Autumn. Com- mon. [Up* Carolina.] 1928. Erysiphe Montagnei. Lev. “ Burdock Blight.” Amphigenous or hypophyllous ; mycelium web-like, evanes- cent; conceptacles minute, globose, gregarious or scattered; ap- pendages distinct from the mycelium ; sporangia 8, ovate, ros- trate, with 2-3 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Fat. 1851, xv. p. 169, t. 11,/. 36. Cooke M.F. p. 220. Cooke exs. no. 97. Fckl.exs.no. 673, 674. E. communis. Eng. FI. v. p. 325 (partly). On leaves of Burdock. 1929. Erysiphe toxtilis. Lk. “ Cornel Blight.” Hypophyllous ; mycelium web-like, effuse, evanescent ; con- ceptacles minute, globose ; appendages ten times as long, free from the mycelium, flexuose ; sporangia 4, ovate, rostrate, with 4 spores. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 170, 1. 11,/. 35. Cooke M.F. t. xii ./. 245, 246. Cooke exs. no. 98. Eng. FI. v. p. 327. Tul. Carp. \.p. 213. Fckl. exs . no. 672. Berk. exs. no. 204. On leaves of common Dogwood. Autumn. 652 PERISPORIACEI. 1930. Earysiphe communis. Sclil. “ Buttercup Blight.’ Hypophyllous ; mycelium effuse, web-like, evanescent or per- sistent ; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered or gregarious; appendages short ; sporangia 4-8, ovate, rostrate, with 4-8 spores. — Lev . Ann . Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 171, t . 11,/. 38. Cooke M.F. t. xii,/ 240-242. Cooke exs. no. 99. Eng. FI. v. p. 325 {partly). Tul. Carp. i.p. 214, t. 5, f. 3-7. Fckl. exs . no. 675-685. Berk. exs. nos. 200-203, 269-313. On leaves of Ranunpulacece , Leguminosce , &c. Autumn. Com- mon. [United States.] 1931. Earysiphe hozridula. Lev. 11 Bugloss Blight.” Amphigenous; mycelium web-like, sometimes persistent; conceptacles minute, globose, scattered, or clustered ; sporanges 20-24, oblong-ovate, attenuated downwards, containing 3-4 spores ; appendages short, flexuose, and bent upwards. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851, xv. p. 170, t. 11,/. 37. Cooke Seem. Journ. Fckl. exs. no. 688. On leaves of Lycopsis arvensis. Oct. [Low. Carolina.] CKiETOMIUM, Kze. Perithecium thin, brittle, mouthless ; spo- rangia linear, containing dark lemon - shaped sporidia. — Berk. Outl.p. 405. Eng. Fl.v.p. 327. {Fig. 318.) 1932 CSiaetomium eiatum. Kze. “ Straw Bristle-Mould.” Perithecium sub-ovate, base radiato-fibrose, hairs of the ver- tex very long, interwoven, branched ; sporidia broadly elliptic, apiculate at either end. — Kunze M.H.i. t. i. /. 3. Grev. t. 230. Fr. S.M. iii. 254. Fr.exs.no A^. Co oke M.F. t. xii./ 257-259. Cooke exs. no. 100. Eng. FI. v. p. 328. Fckl. exs. no. 646. Sphwria scopula . Sow. t. 386,/. 4. Berk. exs. no. 49. On mouldering straw, &c. Common. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] It has been stated that Sporodum conopleoides is the conidiophorous state of this species. — See No. 1756 3 ante. Gen. 283. Fig. 318. PERISPORIACEI. 653 1933. Chaetomium chart arum. Elib. “ Paper Bristle - Mould.” Perithecium subglobose, black, surrounded by a bright yellow spot ; sporidia subglobose. — Fr . S.M. iii. p. 255. Cooke M.F t. xu./. 252, 253. Eng. FI. v. 328. On paper. Stibbington, Hants. [United States.] c c The sporidia are decidedly more globose than in C. elatum , having very little of the peculiar lemon-like form of that species.”— Af. J.B . ( Fig. 318 , Perithelium and free spore magnified.) 1934. Chaetomium glabzum. B. “ Smooth Bristle-Mould.” This species has never been described. It was recorded, by name only, in Berkeley’s Outlines, and, the specimens being mislaid, that gentlemen is unable to describe it completely and correctly. On damp straw. “It grew abundantly on straw, and differed from Chaetomium elatum in being perfectly free from hairs.” — M. J. B. 1935. Chaetomium muxorum. Corda . “Wall Bristle-Mould.” Sub-gregarious, glaucous, then blackish ; perithecium glo- bose, brown ; hairs circinate, erect, septate, pulverulent ; spori- dia oblong, yellowish. — Corda . ii. t . 13,/. 103. Cooke , M.F . eU. ii .p. 226. On plaster. Ch^tomium Indicum, Corda , has been found on paper which had come from Burmah, but it has be included as British . — Cooke exs.no. 216. in London no claim to Gen . 284. ASCOTRICHA, Berk. Perithecium thin, free, mouthless, seated on loose, branched, conidiiferous threads ; sporangia linear, containing dark elliptic sporidia. — Berk. Outl.p. 405. {Fig. 319.) 654 PERISPORIACEI. 193®. Ascotricha c liar t arum. B. “ Paper Mildew.” Peritliecinm thin, olive-brown, seated on radiating flocci; sporangia linear, numerous ; sporidia broadly elliptic, chocolate - coloured. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no 116. Cooke M.F.p. 221, t. xii./. 254-256. On white printed paper. King’s Cliffe. (Fig. 319.) Gen . 285. EUROTXU3YE, Link. Perithecia reticulated, vesicular, coloured, attached to mucedinous threads ; sporangia delicate. — Berk . Outl.p. 405. {Fig. 320.) Fig. 320. 1937. Eurotmm herbariorum. Lk. “ Herbarium Mould.” Perithecium spherical, sub-depressed, yellow, seated upon radi- ating, expanded, branched, intricate flocci. — Lk . Sp. i.p. 79. Eng. FI. Y.p. 333. Grev.t. 164,/. 1. Fr. S.M. iii. p. 332. Cooke M.F. p. 222, t. xii./. 260,261. Fckl. exs.no. 1748. Farinaria sulphurea, Sow. t. 379,/. 3. On plants in herbaria and various decaying substances. Com- , mon. [United States.] / This is now admitted to be an ascigerous condition of Aspergillus glaucus. See No. 1757, ante. (Fig. 320.) ELVELLACEI, 655 Order. XXVIII. ELVELLACEI. Hymenium at length more or less exposed ; substance soft. — Berk. Outl.p. 358. Receptacle pileate or clavate — Hymenium folded and pitted . Hymenium even ..... Hymenium rugulose .... Hymenium smooth, viscid Receptacle clavate, confluent with stem . Receptacle inflated — Hymenium ribbed Receptacle capitate — Head distinct, inflated .... Head compressed, running down the stem Head orbicular, hymenium velvety Receptacle crustaceous, effused, with root-like fibrils Receptacle cup-shaped — Disc soon open ..... Disc always open . . . . * Receptacle indeterminate Receptacle patellseform, margined — Asci fixed. Asci exploded Receptacle cyathiform, horny Receptacle closed, then open, coriaceous . Receptacle orbicular, then truncate Receptacle sphserical, waxy .... Receptacle deciduous — Disc waxy, persistent .... Receptacle obsolete — Hymenium immersed in matrix Hymenium a pulverulent stratum . Morchella. Helvetia . Verpa. Leotia. Gyromitra. Mitrula. Spathularia. Vibrissea. ffliizina. Peziza. : Helotium. Psilopezia. Patellaria. Ascobolus. Tympanis. Cenangium. Bulgaria. Agyrium. Laquearia . Stictis. Ascomyces. Gen. 286. MORCHELLA, Dill. Rig. 321 Receptacle clavate or pileate, impervious in the centre, stipi- tate, covered with the hymenium, which is deeply folded and pitted. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 5. Berk. Outl.p. 358. {Fig. 321.) 1938. Morchella esculenta. Pers. “ Common Morel.” Pileus ovate, adnate at the base ; ribs firm, anastomosing, and forming deep pits ; stem even ; asci very long, sporidia oblong- 656 ELYELLACEI. ovate. — Fr. S.M. ii.^. 6. Badh . i. t. 12,/. 2, ii. t. 12,/. 6. Fogg, fy Johnst. t. 2. Vent. 1. 16,/. 5-8. £#$. no. 1243. ezs. i. no. 36. Tratt.Aust. t. 6, rao. 11. Tratt. Ess. t. E.E. Smith , .E.flf. /. 20. Grev. t. 68. Fuss. i. 1. 13. Berk. Outl. t. 21, / 5. Cooke B.F.f.h. Phallus esculentus, Bolt. t. 91. Schceff \ t. 199. Bull.t . 238? Mich. t. 85,/ 1. Sow.t. 51 {part). Batt. t. ii./. F. FI. Dan. t. 53. Vent.f. 107-109. Poq. t . 1,/. 4-5. Frz. t. 50. Bisch. f. 3302. Eng. FI. v. p. 182. In woods, &c. Spring — Summer. Esculent. [S. Carolina.] Varying much in breadth and height, sometimes conical, sometimes al- most cylindrical. Pileus 2-3 in. high, yellowish, olivaceous, cinereous, &c., the ribs sometimes tinged with a different colour from the cells. Stem hol- low, 1-3 in. high. — M. J. B. (Fig. 321.) 1939. IVIorchella crassipes. Pers . “ Gigantic Morel.” Pileus subconic, brown, base adnate, ribs irregular, undulated, thick; pits polymorphous, large, deep, the bottom celluloso- plicate ; stem large, tall, incrassated at the base, lacunose, at- tenuated upwards, smooth, somewhat flesh-coloured. — Pers. Syn. p. 621. B. fy. Br. Ann. N.F. no. 1151. Smith Seem. Journ. 1868, t. 73. Vent. p. 509,/. 2. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 9. Kromhh. 1. 16,/. 1. In a hedgerow. April. S. Devon. Esculent. Sporidia oval, yellow, depressed (’ , 0007-‘0008 in.) *017-' 02 m.m. long (*00032- 00042 in.), *007-’01 m.m. broad. The substance of the flesh is not so firm as that of M. esculenta, and not so readily dried ; it becomes moist and is apt to decompose.— W- G.S. Attains a height of nine in. or more, and is remarkable for its grooved stem. 1940. IVIorchella patula. Pers. 11 Spreading Morel.” Pileus obtuse, free to the middle, pits rhomboid ; stem even. — Fr. S.M. ii. jp. 10. Nees.f. 164. Sow. t . 51 (partly). Eng FI. v.p. 183. Bisch. f. 3301. In woods, &c. Rare. Obtusely and broadly conic ; stem 2 in. high ; cells even within. 1941. Morchella semilibesra. D.C. “ Half-free Morel.” Pileus conical, free to the middle, ribs longitudinal, forming oblong pits, which are veined within ; stem even ; sporidia large, oval. — Fr. S.M.ii.p. 10. Mich. t. 84,/. 3. Vent. t. 11,/. 105, 106. Grev. t. 89. Eng . FI. v.p. 183. Morchellahybrida. Sow. t. 238. Kl. exs. no. 232. Under hedges, &c. Esculent. ELVELLACEl. 657 Pileus when young conic or sub-globose-conic, yellowish-olive, the reticu- lations formed by ribs running down with tolerable regularity lrom tt a apex, oblong, with a few wrinkles within ; stem short, thickest at the base, slightly furfuraceous ; pileus when mature 1£ in. high, nearly as broad, darker, free for rather more than half its height, reticulations still oblong, but occa - sionally some are rhomboidal ; sporidia large, oval, yellowish ; stem 5 in. or more high, 1 in. thick at the base, hollow, pitted and wrinkled below, more or less grooved through its whole length, flexuous, slightly tinged with red- dish brown, decidedly furfuraceous, crisp ; taste pleasant. — Eng. FI. Gen. 287. GYROMITRA , Fr. Receptacle inflated, bullate, rough, with raised gyrose ribs. — Berk . Outl.p . 358. (Fig. 322.) 1342. Gyromitra esculenta. Fr. “ Edible Gyromitra.” Pileus inflated, irregular, un- dulated, gyroso-rugose, brown , margin adnexed to the even, vil- lous stem ; sporidia uniseriate, oblong-ovate, with two nuclei. — B. ty Br. Ann. N . H . no. 825. Helvetia esculenta , Fr. S.M. Up. 16. S chaff. 1 . 160 ? Fckl. exs. no. 2087. Tratt. Essb.t. C.C. Kl.exs.no. 138. Badh. ii. t. 12,/. 3-5. In pine woods. April. Rare. Weybridge. (Fig. 322.) Gen. 288. HELVSILA, Linn. Receptacle pileate, hanging down over the stem ; concave and barren below; hymenium even. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 13. Berk. Outl.p. 358. (Fig. 323.) 1943. Helvella gigas. Kromb. “ Large Helvella.” Pileus large, lobed, undulate, plicate or crisp, pallid, whitish or ochraceous ; lobes sub-adnate, ad- pressed to the stem ; stem thick, cellular, waxy, whitish, lacunose, 658 ELVELLACEI. nearly smooth ; asci rather large ; spores large, oval, granular. — Krombh . t. 20. Curr. Linn . Trans, xxiv. t. 25, /. 25. Ann. N.H. no. 1060. On the ground. Blackheath Park. Very variable in colour. 1944. Helvella crispa. Fr. “ Pallid Helvella.” Pileus deflexed, lobed, at length free, crisped, pallid ; stem fistulose, costato-lacunose ; asci sub-clavate ; sporidia ovate, hyaline, granular. — Vent. t. 11,/. 110. Corda. Anl . t. G.f. 67, 7- 8. Bisch.f. 3274. Fclcl. exs. no. 1242. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 14. JBer/c. Outl. t. 21,/. 4. Grev . 1 . 143. Sow. t. 39. Ray. Syn. ed. 3,p.8, no. 59. Schceff. t. 282. Bull. t. 466. FI. Dan. 1. 1560. Cooke B.F.f. i. Mich. t. 86,/. 7. Gled. t. 2,/. 3. Batt. t. 2,/. 9. Tratt. Ess. t. D. D. Eng. Fl.v. p. 184. Price, t. 7,/. 47. Badli. i. t. 14,/. 2, ii. t. 5, /. 1. Smith E.M.f. 16. Vent. t. 31,/. 1, 2. Rav. exs. vi. wo. 75. Berk. exs. no. 264. In woods. Common. Esculent. [S. Carolina.] Pileus whitish, flesh coloured, or yellowish. Stem 3-5 in, high, snowy- white, deeply lacunose and ribbed, the ribs hollow. — Eng. FI. 1945. Helvella lacunosa. Afz. “ Cinereous Helvella. ” Pileus inflated, lobed, cinereous black, lobes deflexed, adnate ; stem fistulose, costato-lacunose ; asci cylindrical, stipitate; sporidia ovate, hyaline. — Badh. i. 1. 14,/. 1. FI. Boruss. t. 383., Vent. t. 31,/ 4-5. FI. Dan . 1 . 1968,/. 1. Bail. t. 21. Fckl. exs. no. 1241. Price t. 16,/. 100. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 15. Holms . ii. t. 24. Schceff. t. 154,^.162. Nees.f. 163. Cooke B.F.f. k. Eng.Fl.y.p. 184. Grev. t. 36. Berk. exs. no. 265. In woods. Common. Esculent. [Low. Carolina.] Stem white or dusky. 1946. Helvella sulcata. Afz. “ Sulcate Helvella.” Pileus deflexed, lobed, adnate ; stem stuffed, equal, sulcate ; spores broadly elliptic. — Afz. 1. 10,/. 1. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 15. Batt. t. 3,/. B. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. 1866, no. 764, 1152. On the ground. Oct. Bowood. [Mid. Carolina.] Spores very broadly elliptic, with a single large globose nucleus (‘0006- ‘0007 in.) , 015-*017 m.m. long. Solitary, rarely gregarious, smooth. Stem 2 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, attenuated upwards, longitudinally sulcate; pileus deflexed, equally 2-3 lobed, even, compressed, darker when dry. — B. &Br. UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS. ELVELLACEI. 659 1947. Helvella elastica. Bull. “ Peziza-like Helvella,” Pileus free, even, inflated, at length acutely lobed ; stem elongated, thin, attenuated, pruinose. — FI. Dan. 16o8,/. 2. Corda. y.f. 70. Corda. Anl. t. 67,/. 4-6. CooJce exs . no. 233. Kl. exs. no. 137. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 21. Bull . t. 242. Bolt. t. 95. Sow. t. 154. Schceff. t. 220. Eng. FI. v. p. 184. Ann. N.H. no.86. Fckl. exs. no. 2086. Krornb. t. 21, /. 21. Berk, exs . no. 266. In woods. Muck resembling in some of its forms Peziza macropus. {Big. 323.) 1948. Helvella ephippmm. Lev. “ Minute Helvella.” Small ; pilens deflexed, lobed, decidedly velvety beneath. — Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. vol. xvi .p. 240, 1. 14,/. 7. B. fyBr. Ann. N.H. no. 552. Schceff. t. 321. Bav. exs. vi. no. 74. On the ground in wood. Spring and autumn. [S. Carolina.] Scarcely 1 in. kigk. Very near to H. elastica , and differs principally in its dwarf size and decidedly velvety coat. — B. 6c Br . VERFA, Swartz. Receptacle clavato-plicate, hollow below, and inflated, or conical and adpressed, equally deflexed all round ; hymenium rugulose, but not costate, or nearly even. — Berk. Outl. p. 359. (Fig. 324.) 1949. Vesrpa digitaliformis. Pers. “ Finger-shaped Verpa.” Pileus campanulate, finger-shaped, rugulose, umber ; stem equal, trans- versely squamulose ; sporidia yellow- ish, elliptic. — Fr. S.M. \\.p. 24. Pers. M.E. t.,7,f. 1-3. Berk. Outl. t. 21, /. 6. Corda. Sturm, t. 7, t. 6. Eng. FI. Y.p. 184. Pay./. 380. Kl. exs. no. 1629. Under hedges. Rare. Pileus at first nearly even, olivaceous-umber, dark at tke apex; stem obese, furnished at the base with a few subrufous radicles, white, with a slight rufous tinge marked with transverse rufous spots, smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens clothed with fine adpressed flocci, the rupture of which gives rise to the spots which are, in fact, minute scales. In the mature plant the pileus is| in. high, campanulate, digitaliform, or subglobose, more or less closely pressed to the stem, but always free, the edge sometimes in- flexed so as to form a white border, wrinkled, but not reticulated, under side Gen. 289. Fig. 324. 660 ELVELLACEI. slightly pubescent ; sporidia yellowish, elliptic ; stem 3 in. high, ^ in. or more thick, slightly attenuated downwards, loosely stuffed, by no means hollow. — Eng. FI. (Fig* 324.) 1950. Verpa conica. Sow . “ Yellow-stemmed Verpa.” Pileus campanulate, nearly even, brown ; margin subsinuated, yellow beneath, as well as the equal stem. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 24. Sow. t. 11. FI. Dan. t. 654. Eng. FI. v.p. 185. Corda. Sturm, t. 11. On the ground. Pare. ?HULA, Fr. Soft and fleshy, simple, capitate ; stem distinct ; hymenium surround- ing the inflated club. — Berk. Outl.p. 360. {Fig. 325.) 1951. Mitrula cu. cull at a. Fr. u Hooded Mitrula.” Head ovate, hood-shaped, even, sub-ferruginous ; stem thread • shaped ; asci elongated-clavate ; spo- ridia narrowly lanceolate, hyaline, with 2-3 nuclei.— Krombh. t. 5,/. 23-24. Berk. Outl. p. 360. Batsch. f. 132. Cooke exs. no. 232. Sow. t. 84. Berk. exs. no. 254. Pers. Disp. t. 3,/. 12. Grev . t. 81. Fr. S.M.i.p. 492. Geoglossum cucullatum. Eng. FI. Y.p. 179. FI. Dan . t. 1670,/. 2. Eabh. exs. no. 37. Bisch. f. 3378. Fckl. exs. no. 1237. Amongst fir leaves. Often overlooked from its small size. 1952. Mitrula paludosa. Fr. “ Marsh Mitrula.” Head ovate, obtuse, inflated, even, orange ; stem pale, hollow ; asci linear ; sporidia lanceolate, hyaline. — Fr. S.M. i. p. 491. Ray. Syn.p. 23. Bull. t. 463,/. 3. Sow. t. 293. Dicks, t. 9,/. 10. Pers. Syn. t. 3,/. 15. FI. Dan. t. 1377. Grev. t. 312. Berk. exs. no. 278. Huss. i.t. 9. Eng. FI. Y.p. 180. Bail. t. 21. Kl.exs.no. 238. Fckl.exs.no. 1236. Rav. exs. v. no. 36. On leaves, in ditches, &c. Local. [S. Carolina.] Pileus very variable in form, hollow, of a delicate bright orange-yellow ; asci linear, containing about four linear truncate sporidia.— Grev. {Fig. 325.) ELVELLACEI. 661 Gen . 291. SPATHUXiARIA, P. Disc capitate, compressed, running down into the stem on either side. — Berk . Outl. p . 360. (Piy. 326.) 1953. Spathularia flavida. Pers . “ Yellow Spathularia.” Head spathulate, compressed, even, yellow ; stem whitish ; asci clavate ; sporidia linear, multi-nucleate, curved. — Corda ii. /. 125. Krombh. t. 5,/. 22. Price t. 5,/. 34. Fr . £. ikf. i. p. 491. Berlc . f. 21,/. 7. GW. f. 165. Pay./. 21-375. U 149. Schmid, t . 50,/ 1. aSW. 35. Berk, exs.no. 257. Schm. exs.no. 194. Nees.f. 156 ^L.P. Eng. Fl.v.p. 179. Kl. exs. no. 815. Corda. Anl. t. G.f. 66, 6-10. FckL wo. 1143. In fir woods. July — October. Mostly gregarious, 3-5 in. high ; pileus Hollow, yellow, rarely reddish, much compressed, more or less of an erect obovate form, slightly inflated, undulated or even lacunose, sometimes bifid, or inclining to be lobed. The stem appears to pass along and eventually penetrate the pileus half way or near the summit ; sporidia discharged elastically.— Grev. {Fig 326.) Fig. 326. Gen. 292. leotea, Hill. Receptacle pileate, supported in the centre by the stem ; mar- gin revolute, covered everywhere with the smooth, somewhat viscid hymenium. — Berk. Outl. p. 360. {Fig. 327.) 1954. Pers . Xieotia liibarica. “ Slimy Leotia.” Tremelloid ; pileus swollen, re- pand, greenish yellow ; stem hol- low, subequal, yellow ; asci cylin- drical ; paraphyses branched ; sporidia oblong, obtuse, curved, hyaline. — Fr. S.M.\\.p.2§. Berk. Outl. t. 22, f. 1. Grev. t. 56. Corda. ii./ 126. Bav. exs. vi. no. 77. Vaill. 1 . 11, / 7-9. Cooke Fig. 327. 662 ELVELLACJEI. exs. no. 23. Mich. t. 82,/. 2. Berk. exs. no. 255. Bull. t. 473,/. 2. Jfafc£«aw.wo.ll38. Sow. t. 70. Nees.fi. 162.144 B. Pers.M.E. t. 9,/. 4-7. FI. Dan. t. 719. Eng. FI. v. 29. 186. Corda. Anl. t . Cr. /. 66, 15-17. Kl. no. 911. Price t. ii ./. 10. In woods. Common. [S. Carolina.] Varying greatly in size and form ; stem at first pulpy within, sometimes squamulose. — M. J. B. {Fig. 327.) Gen. 293. VIBRISSEA, Fr. Fig. 328. Eeceptacle capitate, supported in the centre by the stem, covered above with the hymenium ; mar- gin adnate to the stem ; asci and filiform sporidia bursting forth, and rendering the hymenium velvety. - — Berk. Outl.p . 361. {Fig. 328.) 1955. Vibrissea tiuncomm. Fr. “ Golden Vibrissea.” Simple ; head orbicular, golden yellow ; stem cylindrical, glaucous, then blackish. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 31. Bisch.f. 3374. Bail, t. 21. Corda. Anl. t. G.f. 66, 1-2. A. S. t. 3,/. 2. Pers. M.E. t. 11,/. 9. Moug. exs.no. 781. Eng. FI. Y.p. 186. On wood in water. Bare. [Mid. Carolina.] Receptacle 1-2 lines broad, barren beneath ; stem 2 lines— 1 in. or more high. — M. J. B. {Fig. 328.) Gen. 294. GEOGIiOSSUM, P. Fig. 329. Eeceptacle clavate, simple, confluent with the stem ; hymenium surrounding the club. — Berk. Outl.p. 361. {Fig. 329.) 1956. Geoglossum viride. P. “Green Geoglossum.” Subfasciculate, verdigris-green, clubs distinct ; stem squamulose ; sporidia ellip- tic, colourless. — Fr. S.M. i. p. 489. Grev. t. 211. FI. Dan. 1 . 1258./. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 179. Holms. \.p. 24, with fig. Pers. Comm, t. 3,/ 3. Ditm. Sturm, t. 48. Bisch.f. 3389. Pay.fi '. 379. Schnzl. 1 . 16,/. 11, 12. Kl.exs. ELVELLACEI. 663 no. 1613. Nov. Act. (1842), t. 57,/. 146-148. FcTcl. exs. no. 1140. Krombh. t. 54, /. 26-27. In woods. 1957. Geoglossum olivaceum. P. “ Olive Geoglossum.” Smooth, dry, dingy-olive ; clubs compressed, distinct. — Fr. S.M.i.p. Ann. N.H.no.lfth. Price t. 16, /. 102. var. (3. puzpureum. Dingy purple. — Berk. Outl. t. 22,/. 3. On lawns. Oct. Rare. Sporidia ('0006 in.) *015 m.m. long. 1958. Geoglossum glutinosum. P. “ Glutinous Geoglossum.” Smooth, blackish ; clubs compressed, distinct ; stem viscid. — Fr. S.M. i. p. 489. Eng. FI. Y.p. 178. Kl. exs. no. 641, ii. no. 319. Grassy places. Rare. Stem nearly equal, 1 in. or more high, clothed with tenacious gluten, red- dish brown, inclining to black ; receptacle somewhat lanceolate, obsoletely viscid, blacker than the stem. — Fries. 1959. Geoglossum viscosum. P. “ Viscid Geoglossum.” Smooth, viscid, black ; clubs cylindrical, confluent with thb stem ; sporidia linear, rounded at the ends, curved, triseptate, pale-brown. — Fr. S.M. i .p. 489. Eng. FI. Y.p. 178. Grev. t. 55. Loud.f. 16186. FcJcl. Sym . Myc.p. 333. Moist meadows, pastures, &c. 1960 . Geoglossum glabxum. P. “ Smooth Geoglossum.” Smooth, dry, blackish ; stem subsquamulose ; sporidia fasci- culate, linear-fusiform, 3-4 septate, dark brown. — Krombh. t. 5, /. 20, 21. Price t. 3,/. 17. Fckl. exs. no. 1142. Eng. FI. Y.p. 178. Fr. S.M. i. p. 488. Vaill. t. 7,/. 5. Mich. t. 87,/. 4. Bull. t. 372. Clav. ophioglossoides , Bolt. t. Ill,/ 2. FI. Dan. t. 1076,/. 2. Schm. exs. no. 47. Corda. Anl. G.f. 65, 1-4. Bisch. /. 3379. Kl. exs. no. 239. \ Grassy places. [Mid. Carolina.!^ ^ 1961 . Geoglossum hiarsutum. P. “ Hwy Geoglossum.” Black, hairy ; head confluent with the stem ; sporidia fasci- culate, elongated fusiform, somewhat curved, 15-septate, dark brown. — Corda . ii./. 124. Eng. FI. Y.p. 178. Fr. S.M. i.p. 488. 664 ELYELLACEI. Sow. t. 85. Schceff. t. 827. Nees.f. 157. Schm. exs.no. 122. Mich, t. 87,/. 8 .Berk. Outl. t. 22, f. 2. Corda. Anl . G.f. 65,/. 5-8. Bisch. /. 8880-3884. Loud.f. 16184. Bav. exs. yi. no. 79. Fckl. exs. no. 1141. Amongst grass. Common. [S. Carolina.] 1962. Geoglossum difforme. Fr. “ Twisted Geoglossum.” Smooth, even, sub viscid, black ; club compressed, distinct ; sporidia linear, curved, tri-septate, pale-brown. — Kromhh. t. 54, /. 28, 29. Fr. S.M. i .p. 489. Berk. exs. no. 256. Eng. FI. v.p. 178. Kl. exs. ii. no. 424. Brice 1. 18, f. 117. Amongst grass. Sept. — Oct. [United States.] [Receptacle compressed, lanceolate, hollowed out on either side, distorted, distinct, smooth, very slightly viscid, dark brown-black, 1 in. or more long. Stem equal, cylindrical, but little compressed, l£ in. high, 2 lines thick ; sporidia as in G. viscosum. — M.J.B. ( Fig . 329, nat. size.) Gen. 295. RHZZXNA, Fr. Fig. 330. Crustaceous, effused, then bul- lato-inflated, underset with root- like fibrils. — Fr. S.V.S. Receptacle effused, crustaceous, bullate, concave beneath, furnished with numer- ous root like fibrillse ; margin deflexed ; hymenium occupying the whole of the superior surface, even, persistent ; asci fixed, large ,• sporidia ovato-oblong, with two sporidioli; stem none ; pileus con- vex, subrotund, determinate, margin at first byssoid substance fleshy. — Fr.S.M. ii. p. 33. ( Fig. 330.) 1963. Rhizina undulata. Fr. “ Waved Rhizina.” Effused, undulated, bay-brown; margin inflexed, flocculose beneath and pallid ; asci linear, eight spored ; sporidia fusiform, binucleate ; parapbyses claviform. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 33. Tul. Hyp. t 91 j' 16, B. % Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1076. Intell. Obs. no. 25. Cu , >. Linn. T r sjns. xxi v.p. 493, t. 51, /. 7-9. Babh. exs. no. 39. On sandy banks here the heath bad been burnt dow T n. Ascot. [S. Carolina.] Some of the specimens hav <3 a raised yellow margin as in B.l^vigata, but this vanishes with age. Sporidia colourless or yellowish ( 0012- 0014 m.) •025--03 m.m. long. ELVELLACEI. 685 Gen. 296 . PEZIZA, Linn. Cup-shaped ; cup more or less concave, soon open ; disc naked ; asci fixed. — Fr. S.M . ii .p. 40. Fries divides this genus into three groups, with the following distinguish- ing characteristics ; — • (Fig. 331.) Externally pruinose or floccoso-furfuraceous Externally pilose or villous Externally almost naked, smooth . Aleuria. Laclinea . Phialea. Series 1 . Aleuria., Fr. Fleshy or carnoso-membranaceous, externally pruinose, or floccoso-furfuraceous. Mostly terrestrial. Stem firm, sulcate, elongated Subsessile, oblique, or twisted . Subsessile, regular .... Small, somewhat fleshy, margin flocculose More or less coriaceous .... Macrocodes. Cochleatce. Cujoulares. Humaria . Enccelia. The last section, Enccelia , scarcely accords with the characters of the series. Sec. 1. Macrocodes — stem firm, sulcate, or elongated. 1964 . Peziza acetabulum. L. “ Reticulated Peziza.” Cyathiform, dingy, ribbed externally with branching veins, which run up from the short, lacunose, fistulose stem. — Fr. S.M. n.p. 44. FcJcl. exs. no. 1281-2084. Sow. t. 59. Vaill. t. 18. /. 1. Bull. t. 485,/. 4. Eng. FI. v. p. 187. Acetabula vulgaris, FcJcl. Sym. Myc. p. 880. On the ground in spring. Esculent. [Low. Carolina.] Cup 2 in. broad, 1^ in. high, externally floccoso-furfuraceous, light-umber, darker within, mouth contracted, firm, tough, flesh not very thick ; stem % in. high, smooth, deeply, but regularly costato-lacunose, the ribs branch- ing at the top and forming reticulations on the outside of the cup, so as to present the appearance of a cluster of pillars supporting a font or roof, with fret-work between them. — Eng. FI. Sporidia *016-*024 X *012-'016 m.m. — Nyl. {Fig. 331.) 666 ELVELLACEI. 1965. Peziza maczopus. Pers. “ Long stemmed Peziza.” Cup hemispherical, hirto-verrucose, cinereous ; disc mouse- coloured ; stem very long, attenuated ; sporidia ellipsoid. — Fr. S.M . ii. p. 57. Buxb. iy. t. 29,/. 2. Eng. FI. Y.p. 189. Bull, t . 457,/ 2, Z. 196. Z. 38. Schceff. t . 166. £oZz. A 96. P^rs. 05s. ii. t. 1,/. 2. PZ. Dan. t. 1200,/. 2. Holms, ii. t. 10. FcJcl. exs. no. 1234. Grev . t. 70. Macropodia macropus , Feld. Sym . Myc.p . 331. Cooke exs. no. 289. On the ground in woods. Common. [United States.] Varying greatly in the degree of pubescence, occasionally the border of tlie pileus is reflexed, and there is then no small degree of resemblance to Helvetia elastica. — Eng FI. Sporidia *022-*02 7 X *011-*014 m.m. Hyl. Sporidia ellipsoid *02-*027 X *011-*014 m.m. (*0007-*0009 X *00035 in.) paraphyses filiform, thickened at the apex. Karst 1966. Peziza tuberosa. Bull. “Tuberous Peziza.” Thin, cup infundibuliform, bright brown, turning pale ; stem elongated, springing from an irregular black tuber (sclerotium). — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 58. Hedw. 1. 10,/. B. Berk. exs. no. 153. Bull, t. 485./. 2, 3. Sow. t. 6, 3. Babh. exs. no. 1522. Gonn. Babh. iii. 1. 1,/. 1. Feld. exs. no. 1235. Huss. ii. 1. 10. Moug. fy N. exs. 397. Eng. FI. Y.p. 189. Sclerotinia tuberosa, Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 331. On the ground in woods. Spring. [Mid. Carolina.] Stem running deep into the earth, 1-3 in. high, attached to a Sclerotium. Sporidia oblong- ellipsoid, simple, *008-*016 X *005-*009 m.m. (*0003-'0006 X *00019-*00035 in.)— Karst 1967. Peziza xapidum. Bull. “ Wine-cup Peziza.” Thin, yellowish-brown, cup infundibuliform, nearly smooth ; stem twisted, root elongated, fibrillose. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 59. Bull, t. 485,/. 3. Nees.f. 291. Holms, ii. t. 9. Eng. FI. Y.p. 189. On the ground. Bare. [Low. Carolina.] Observed only by Dickson. Sect. 2. CochleatcE — subsessile, pruinose, oblique, or twisted. 1963. Peziza venosa. P. “ Veined Peziza.” Sessile, somewhat twisted, dark umber, white beneath, rugose with costate veins. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 46. Jacq. Mis.t. 17 ,/. 1. Berk. Outl. t . 22, f. 6. Grev. 1 . 156. Huss. ii. t. 7. P. reticulata , Eng. FI. Y.p. 187. On the ground in spring. Esculent? Many inches broad. Odour strong, like that of nitric acid. ELVELLACEI. 667 1969. Peziza foadia. P. “ Large brown Peziza.” Subsessile, entire, flexuose, brown, margin at first involute, externally pruinose, paler, inclining to olive (as well as the mar- gin) ; sporidia oblong-ovate, epispore rough. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 46. Vaill. t. 11;/*. 3. Bolt. t. 99. Berk. Outl. t. 22, /. 4. Huss. ii. t. 13. Eng. FI. v.p. 187. Gonn. <£• Babh. iii. t. i. / 3. Rabh. exs. no. 337. Margin of ponds. Summer. [Up. Carolina.] . Variable in colour. 1-2 in. broad, subcsespitose, irregular, slightly pruinose externally, villous at the base, and often lacunose ; disc occasionally porous, extremely changeable in colour, often, in the same individual, changingfrom rufous to a beautiful olive, brownish, &c .—Fries. Sporidia ellipsoid, rough *016-*02 X *008-’011 m.m, (*0005-*0007 X '0003 in.) — Nyl. Sporidia ellipsoid, rough *015-*02 X *008-*011 m.m.— Karst. Sporidia *0178-'02 X *009 m.m.— G. & R. 1970. Peziza phlefoophoara. B. fy Br. “ Small -veined Peziza.” Cups poculiform, oblique, substipitate, finely pulverulent, venoso-costate at the base. — B. § Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1153, t. 3,/. 9. On clay banks. King’s Cliffe, Brislington. Cup in. across, often rather oblique, yellow or brownish, springing from a very short, stem-like base, from which branched ribs are given off, ending in little pits ; sporidia ('0004 in.) '01 m.m. long ; hymenium often venose. 1971. Peziza cochleata. Huds. “ Whorled Peziza.” Sessile, csespitose, large, twisted, umber, externally pruinose; sporidia oblong-ovate. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 50. Bvxb. iv. t. 29, /. 1. Bull. 1. 154,/. 2. Sow. t. 5. Sv. Bot. t. 486, /. 2. (Schceff. t. 274, var.) Eng. FI. v.p. 188. Amongst grass. [United States.] Sporidia *015-'016 X *006-*007 m.m ('0005 X '0002 in.) — Nyl. Sporidia *006-'007 m.m. broad, 1-1| times as long. — G. &R. 1972. Peziza succosa. Berk. “ Pale Milky Peziza.” Cup nearly regular, entire, pale waxy-brown, externally white and pruinose ; juice bright yellow ; asci elongated, slightly flexuose ; sporidia ovate, with two nuclei. — Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 156, 1. 10,/. 5. Berk. Outl. p. 363. 2 f 2 688 ELVELLACEI. On the ground, in gardens. Norths. [Low. Carolina.] Cup one in. in diameter, hemispherical or subglobose, with the margin in- curved, within of a pale waxy brown, without paler and mealy. The flesh when broken pours out a yellow juice. — M. J. B. 1973. Peziza lepozina. Batsch . “ Brown«ear Peziza.” Substipitate, elongated on one side, ear-shaped, sub-ferrugi- nous, externally farinose, internally, and base eyen. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 47. Schceff. t. 156. FI. Dan. t. 1077,/. 2. Fckl. exs. no. 1233. Nees.f. 278. Holms, ii. t. 6. Rabh. F.E. no. 512. Otidealeporina .- FcM. Sym. Myc.p. 329. On the ground, in wood. Sometimes cinereous or yellowish; sporidia (‘0006 in.) ‘016 m.m. long, with curved paraphyses. Sporidia ‘018-‘031 X ‘009-‘014 m.m.— Nyl. Sporidia ellipsoid ‘018-*03 X ‘009-014 m.m. with one or two nuclei (‘0006- ‘0011 X *00035-*0005 in.— Karst. Sporidia *009*013 m.m. broad, and about twice as long.— G. & R. 1974. Peziza onotica. P. “ Orange-ear Peziza.” Substipitate, elongated on one side, ear-shaped, externally mealy, internally rosy or orange, base at length rugose ; sporidia oblong-ovate. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 48. FI. Boruss. t. 396. Sturm, iii. 1. 16. Sv.Bot. t. 436,/. 1. P. leporina. Sow. t. 79. Eng. FI. v.p. 187. Rabh. F.E. no. 215. Otidea onotica. FcJcl. Sym. Myc.p. 329. On the ground, in woods. Bare. Coed Coch. [Mid. Carolina.] Cup 3-4 in. high; sporidia *011-‘015 X *007-*009 m.m. — Nyl. Sporidia ellipsoid, ‘015-‘021 X *008-*011 m.m. with one or two nuclei. — Karst. Sporidia (‘0006 in.) ‘0127 m.m. long. 1975. Peziza aurantia. Fr. “ Orange Ground Peziza.” Subsessile, irregular, oblique, orange, externally somewhat pruinose, whitish ; sporidia elliptic, rough. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 49. Sterb. t. 26,/. D. Schceff. 1. 148. Bull. t. 474. FI. Dan.t. 657,/. 2. Fclcl. exs. no. 1228. Nees.f. 179. Batsch. f. 157. FI. Boruss. t. 384. Holms, ii. t. 7 . P.coccinea. Sow.t. 78. Bolt. 1. 100. Cooke B.F. front. Huss. i. t. 37. Eng. FI. v.p. 187. Gonn. Rabh. iii. t. 2,/. 3. Aleuria aurantia. Fckl. Sym.Myc. p.325. On the ground, in woods. Common. [Cincinnati.] ELVELLACEI. 669 At first hemi spherical, with a short stem, margin almost involute, at length split, curled, and flesuous, of the clearest orange within ; externally ale, mealy, with minute sparkling granules. -Eng. FI. Sporidia ellipsoid, *012*016 X *008'01 m m. ( 004-*005 X *0003 in.) with two DUCloi.' — Sporidia 020-*023 X *009-*011 m.m . — G.&R. 1976. Peziza luteo-nitens. B. & Br. “ Bright Yellow Peziza.” Crowded, bright yellow ; cups concave, nearly regular, at length flexuose ; asci linear ; sporidia elliptic, with two nuclei ; paraphyses filiform; apices slightly clavate.— B. fy Br. Ann . N.H. no. 556. Berk. Outl.p. 364. On the bare ground. Bare. King’s Cliffe. Bright orange yellow, when very young globose, then concave, gradually becoming irregular, and at length flexuous, smooth externally, to* broad, resembling at first sight stunted specimens of P. aurantia , but essentially different, not only as proved by the habit, but the smooth, not ecuinulate or pointed sporidia.— B. & Br. 1977. Peziza fibrillosa. Curr . “Woolly Orange Peziza.” Cup 1 in. broad, nearly sessile, irregular, orange, clothed ex- ternally with dingy-white downy fibrillae, which form a rather dense tomentose edging to the cup ; spores quite smooth, ellip- tical without nuclei ; paraphyses filiform, enlarged spherically at the apex. — Curr Linn. Trans, xxiv. p. 153. On the ground. Oct., 1861. Hanham wood. In some of the asci I noticed a cupulate depression at the summit. Allied to P. aurantia , from which it differs in the woolly external covering, and smooth sporidia. Sporidia ( 0006-*0007 in.) *015-* 017 m.m. long. — F . C. Sect. 3. Cupulares. Subsessile, regular. * Pustulates. 1978. Peziza repanda. Wahl. " Spreading Peziza.” Large, incised, waved, brown, internally somewhat wrinkled, brown, externally farinose, whitish ; base elongated, rooting ; sporidia oblong-ovate, rough —Fr. S.M. ii. p. 51. Jacq. Misc. t. 10. Grev . t. 59. Eng. FI. v. p. 188. Pers . Ic. Piet. t. 20,/. 2 ? Pli- caria repanda. Fckl. Sym . Myc.p. 328. On the ground, and stumps. Variable in size ; pileus when splitting never convolute. Sporidia *010-*014 X *006*007 m.m. — Nyl. 1. Sporidia *015-*018 X *008-*009 m.m. (*0005-*0006 X *0003 in.)^ —Nyl. 2. 670 ELVELLACEI. 1979. Peziza cerea. Sow. “ Waxy Peziza.” Large, infundibuliform, waved, yellowish, externally whitish, as well as the villous, stem-like base. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 52. Sow. t. 3. Eng. FI. v.p. 188. Plicaria cerea. Fckl. Sym . Myc.p. 327. Gonn. Rabh. iii. t. 2,/. 1. Fckl . exs. no. 1225. On tan beds, &c. Bare. Abundantly on leaves, &c., in a hothouse, at Ufiington, Lincolnshire, March, Very brittle. Sporidia ellipsoid, *017**018 X *007-*009 m.m. (*0006 X *00027**00035 in.) — Nyl. Karst. Sporidia ellipsoid, *008-*009 m.m. broad, and about twice as long.— G.&R. 1980. Peziza vesiculosa. Bull. “ Bladdery Peziza.” Large, entire, sessile, at first globose, somewhat top-shaped, connivent ; then campanulate ; mouth subcrenate, pallid brown, externally furfuraceous ; sporidia elliptic. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 52. Bull. t. 457,/. 1. Mich. t. 36, f. 2. Sow. t. 4. Grev. t. 107. Bolt . 1. 175 ? Eng. FI. v. p. 188. Pustularia vesiculosa. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 329. On dung-hills, hot-beds, &c. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] The hymenium is generally separable from the substance of the cup. Sporidia ('0009 in.) '022 m.m. long. Sporidia ellipsoid, '017**022 X *009-014 m.m. (*0006-*0007 X *00035-*0004 in. — Nyl.) Sporidia ellipsoid *016-*022 X *009-*004 m.m.— Karst. Sporidia *011- 014 m.m. broad, and twice as long. — G. &R. 1981. Peziza macrocalyx. Riess. “ Violet Ground Peziza.” At first buried, then half exposed ; cups subglobose, splitting in a stellate manner, externally dirty blue, subtomentose, inter- nally violet ; stem short ; asci cylindrical, truncate ; sporidia elliptic, with one or two nuclei; paraphyses branched, jointed. — Fres.Beitr. p. 75, t. 9,/. 7. Smith Seem. Journ. 1869, p. 345, t. 98. Fckl. exs. no. 2196. Sarcosphcera macrocalyx. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 329. Under fir trees. March. tc It is found underground, in forests of fir trees, singly or from two to five together ; in its progressive development it rises about half out of the ground. At first it is closed, but later it splits, starlike, from the top downwards to the middle of its cups, or sometimes even further down still into from 7 to 10 more or less pointed strips. The exterior is of a dirty pale blue, clothed with a thin white transient fur, and at the base of the cup is a short stem. In large specimens the cup is three inches high and broad, deeply cup- shaped, with the rim at length bent outwards. The hymenium is at first pale, and. later a darker violet. Sporidia *025 m.m. long. — Fresenius. ELVELLACEI. 671 1,932. Peziza bufonia. Pers. “Warty Brown Peziza.” Large, bright brown, externally verrucose ; stem short, root- ing, becoming pallid. — Pers . M.E. p. 225. Berk. Gard. Chron. Jan . 13, 1866. B . A>r. A.AT. (1866), no. 1154, t . 3, /. 12. On rubbish heaps. Grantham. A fine species, agreeing in size and colour with P. umbrina , externally rough, with conical warts, opaque, and of a dingy earth-colour, somewhat resembling P. vesiculosa, but distinguished by the brown hymenium and verrucose cup. Sporidia (’00075-*0008 in.) *018-'02 m.m. long. — B. . 66. Sow.t. 148. Eng. FI. v.p. 190. On modelling clay. Pileus 2 in. broad, held to the clay by very fine, attenuated, cobweb-like fibres from the sides, as it were, to assist the little knobby root.— Sowerby. Observed only by Sowerby. 1993. Peziza corimbiensis. B. $ Br. “ Downy-base Peziza.” Middle sized, sessile, fixed by down ; margin alone free, some- what flattened, minutely villous externally ; hymenium orange ; asci sub-cylindrical ; sporidia oblong, rather rough. — Berh. Outl.p. 366. Ann. N.H.no.767 . On manured ground. Penzance. 2f 5 674 ELVELLACEI. Sessile, f in. broad, depressed, attached to the soil by villous down; mar- gin free, clothed with delicate, obtuse, articulate hairs ; hymenium orange ; sporidia (‘0009-'0007 in.) *022-*0177 m.m. long. — B. <& Br. Sect. 4. Humana — small, somewhat fleshy, margin sub- flocculose, 1994. Peziza zutilans. Fr. “ Splendid Peziza.” Sub-sessile, middle-sized, campanulate, then expanded, ex- ternally finely pubescent, pallid ; disc orange red ; sporidia at length echinulate. — Fr. S.M. ii.^>. 68. Ray. Syn.p.lQ, 710.1^. Karst, exs. no. 527. Karst. Mon. Pez. p. 116. Fckl. exs. no. 1222. Eng. FI. Y.p. 190. Peziza humosa , B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 7 68, t. 3,/. 18, no. 1154. Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 191. Sow. t. 369,/. 2. Bolt. 1 . 101,/. 1. Purt. t . 25. P. leucoloma , Sturm, t. 17. On the ground. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia (*0009-*001 in.) *022-*025 m.m. long ( , 0004- , 0005 in.) , 01- , 0125 m. m. broad when perfectly developed, strongly echinulate with one or more nuclei. Cups nearly \ in. broad, at first round, even, disciform, at length somewhat lobed and crisped, thick and fleshy, in vertical section ofcconic ; margin pale, but not iuvolute ; disc of a full orange, externally paler, very minutely pulverulent. Sporidia rough with granules, *021-*027 X *013 -‘016 m.m. — Kyi. Karst. 1995. Peziza melaloma. A. f S. “ Black-edged Peziza.*’ Sessile,. crowded, concave, then nearly plane, dingy-orange, margin furnished with very delicate black hairs ; spores ellip- soid. — A. fy S. t. 2,/. 5. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 69. Eng. FI. v. p. 190. Ann . N.H. no. 88. Karst, exs. no. 550. Karst. Mon. Pez.p. 123. Rabh.F.E. no. 723. Fckl. exs. no. 1221. Pyronema melalomum. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 319. On charcoal. [Up. Carolina.] Paraphyses numerous, thickened at their apices. Sporidia ellipsoid, *014-’018 X ’008-‘009 m.m.— Kyi. Sporidia ellipsoid, '015- *018 X *007-'009 m.m, — Karst. I9B6. Peziza erecta. Sow. “ Cylindrical Peziza.” Sessile, crowded, subcylindrical, smooth, yellowish, at length dilated, mouth erect, subciliate. — Fr. S.M. ii ,p. 69. Sow. t. 369, /. 10, 11. Eng. FI. v. p. 194. On shaded ground. Cup 2 lines high, oblong and upright, but sometimes short and clumsy, often spreading, sometimes destitute of hairs, sometimes ciliated, sometimes furnished with both hairs and cilia, varying from deep red to greenish yellow and pale yellow. — Sowerby. ELYELLACEI. 675 3.997. Peziza polytrichi. Sehum. “ Heath Peziza.” Subsessile, orbicular, somewhat concave, vermillion, externally paler, furnished with fasciculate flocci ; sporidia spheroid. — Fr. S.M.ii.p.70. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1156*. FI. Dan. t. 1916, f. 1. Karst. Mon. Pez.p. 121. Gonn. fy Rabh. t. 4, f. 3. On heaths. Scotland. Paraphyses clavate above, and orange-brown, grannlose. Sporidia sphserical, at first finely granulated, *014-*016 m.m.— Nyl. Karst, 199S. Peziza aggregata. B.fyBr. “ Crowded Peziza.” Gregarious, confluent, obconical, orange, whitish tomentose at the base ; hymenium concave ; sporidia fusiform. — B. § Br. Ann . N.H. (1866), no. 1155. On heathy ground. Berwick. The peculiar crowded habit and fusiform sporidia (*0008 in.) *02 m m. long by (’0003 in.) *007 m.m. wide, easily distinguish this species. 1999. Peziza subhirsuta. Schum. “ Hirsute Peziza.” Sessile, gregarious, nearly plane, orange -yellow, paler beneath, clothed with a few scattered, almost obsolete, hairs ; asci linear; sporidia smooth, elliptic, enucleate ; paraphyses slightly clavate. Fr. S.M.ii.p. 70. B. . 77. Cooke exs. no. 288. On naked ground in woods, or wet banks of rivulets. King’s Cliffe. Bristol, &c. Cup §- in. or more broad, depressed or slightly concave, orange, paler ex- ternally, and clothed with rather rigid tawny bristles; asci elongated ; spo- ridia globose (*0008 in.) *02 m.m. diameter, sharply tuberculate. Paraphyses very slender, linear. Eesembles P. scutellata^ though distinguished at once by its very different sporidia. — M. J. B. 2023. Peziza vitellina. Pers . “ Egg yellow Peziza.” Subcaespitose, large, flexuose, bright yellow, margin setose. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 84. Pers. M.E. p. 257. Eng. FI. v. p. 193. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), wo. 1163*, t. 4, f. 29. On the ground. Autumn. Appin, Wareham. Sporidia (*0009 in.) *022 m.m. long, by (*0005 in.) *0127 m.m. 2024. Peziza rnnbrata. Fr. “ Shady Peziza.” Depressed, nearly plane, flesh-coloured or vermillion, clothed externally with short bay bristles ; sporidia subglobose, mi- nutely echinulate. — Fr. S. V.S.p. 351. P. umbrosa. Fr. S.M. ii. p.8 5. Mich. t. 86 J. 19. B. ^Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1163, t. 4,/. 28. Rabh. F.E. no. 217. Humaria umbrorum. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 322. On the ground. Berwick. Sporidia (*0008 in.) *02 m.m. long (’0007 in.) *0177 m.m. wide. Paraphyses clavate. Sporidia ellipsoid, *014-* 018 X *01-*012 m.m. — Karst. 2025. Peziza scutellata. L. “ Shield-like Peziza.” Becoming plane, vermilion-red, externally paler, hispid to- wards the margin with straight black hairs. — Fr. S.M. ii.y>. 85. Ray. Syn.ed.2,p.2§,noA\. Fckl. exs. no. 1210. Sow. t. 24. Bull . 1. 10. FI. Dan. 1. 1457, f. 2. Schceff. t. 284. Eng. FI. v.p. 193. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 768. P. ciliata. Hoffm . Cr. ii. t. 7, ELYELLACEI. 683 /. 5. Holms . ii. t. 18. Hedw . t . 3,/. P. Humaria scutellata . Fclcl. Sym. Myc. p. 321. On stumps, &c. [United States.] Sporidia (*0008 in.) *02 m.m. long, by (*0005 in.) '0127 m.m. wide. Cups 3 lines broad. Sporidia ellipsoid, *018-*024 X '010-’014 m.m. — Nyl . Sporidia ellipsoid, *017-*024 X ’010-‘014 m.m. — Karst . 2026. Feziza ccerulea. Bolt. “ Blue Peziza.’ , Soon becoming plane, cileated, externally blackish, hairs pal- lid ; disc coerulean blue. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 86. Eng. FI. v.p. 193. Bolt. 1 . 108,/. 2. On trunks of firs. Oct. Near Halifax. About 2 lines broad. 2027. Feziza ii villa. Sch. “ Livid Peziza.” Hemispherical, becoming plane, internally livid-glaucous, ex- ternally dingy, clothed with long strigose hairs. — Fr. S.M. ii. p . 86. Batsch. f. 154. Ann. N.H. no. 558. FI. Dan. t. 1915, /. 3. Humaria livida. FcJcl. Sym. Myc.p. 322. On fir chips. Lockerbie. A beautiful species with tbe habit of P. scutellata , but with a livid disc, and more convex. — B. <$• Br. 2028. Feziza stexcoxea. JPers. “ Red dung Peziza.” Gregarious, concave, dingy-red, beset near the margin, with nearly straight brown hairs, ciliated. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 87. Eng. FI. y.p. 194. Bay. Syn. t. 24,/. 3. P. equina. FI. Dan. t. 779, /. 3. Sow. t. 552. Hedw.t. 3,/. A. P . scutellata. Bolt. 1 . 108,/. 1. Bull. t. 438,/. 2. Humaria stercorea. Fclcl. Sym . Myc. p. 321. On cow dung. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Paraphyses simple, not capitate as in P. granulata, which frequently ac- companies it ; setae jointed, yellowish, or greenish in decay, 1-2 lines broad. — Eng. FI. Sporidia ellipsoid, *016-*022 X *009-*01 m.m. — Nyl. Karst. 2029. Feziza thelefooloides. A. 4* S. “Hop Peziza.” Spherical, then tub-shaped, whitish, mouth concave, dingy- yellowish, externally hispid, with pallid hairs ; asci linear ; spo- ridia elliptic. — Fr. S.MM.p. 88. A. S. t. 12,/. 4. Ann. N.H. no. 1065, 1 . 15,/. 17. On spent hops. [Mid. Carolina.] 684 ELVELLACEI. Cup at first obovate or subcylindrical, concave, and expanded, when mature, of a bright orange colour within, beset externally with delicate, erect, white hairs, which are hyaline under the microscope, and seated at first on a deli- cate white subiculum, which disappears as the plant advances to maturity, and the cups become crowded. Sporidia (*0005 in.) *0127 m.m. long (*00025 in.) *065 m.m. wide. — B. &Br. 2030. Peziza albo-spadicea. Grev . “ Ked-brown and white Peziza.” Sessile, gregarious, globose, at length quite plane ; external surface, and margin strigose, with reddish-brown hairs ; hymenium white. — Grev . Fl.Ed.p. 420. Eng. FI. Y.p. 194. On the ground. About 2 lines broad, globose when young, gradually becoming plane. Hymenium white, smooth, with a slight tinge of grey in moist weather ; ex- ternally covered with reddish-brown hairs, which form also a border to the hymenium. — Grev. Sect. 2. Dasyscyphce. Waxy, dry, externally villous. 2031. Peziza ciliaxis. Schrad. il Fringed white Peziza.” Stipitate, cyathiform, snow-white, externally beset with long scattered hairs. — Schrad . Journ.p. 65. Fr. S.M. ii. 89. Feld, exs. no. 1209. Ann. N.H. no. 559. Hyalopeziza ciliaris. Fclcl. Sym.Myc.p. 298. On dead oak leaves. [Mid. Carolina.] Asci oblong, stipitate ; sporidia fusiform, straight or curved, hyaline.- — Feld. 2032. Peziza vixginea. Batsch . “ Virgin white Peziza.’* Stipitate, white, cup hemispherical, externally beset with crowded patent hairs. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 90. Feld. exs. no. 1208. Eng . FI. v. p. 194. Mich. t. 86,/. 15. Bull. t. 876,/. 8. FI. Dan . 1 . 1016,/. 4. Holms, ii. t. 14. P . nivea. Sow. t. 65. Gonn. Babh. iii. t. 5,/. 10. Dasyscypha virginea . Fclcl Sym. Myc.p. 805. On stumps, twigs, &c. Common. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Gregarious; cup 1 line high, externally pilose, the margin cileated, and often studded with dew drops. — Eng. FI. Sporidia fusiform, ‘006-*01 X *002-*0025 m.m. — Nyl. Sporidia elongated-fusoid, straight, '005- *01 X *0015-*0025 m.m. — Karst. Sporidia fusiform, *002-*0027 m.m. broad^ and 3-4 times as long.— G. & R. ELVELLACEX. 685 2033. Peziza nivea. Fr. “ Snowy Peziza.” Stipitate, white ; cup turbinate, externally villoso-tomen- tose. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 90. Eng . FI. v. 195. Hedw . t. 8,/. B. FI. Dan. 2.1440 , f 2. Bull. t. 416,/. 5. FcJcl. exs. no. 1199. Rav. exs. vi. no. 80. Feziza Aspidii , FcJcl. exs. no. 1193. Tricho- peziza nivea , FcJcl. Sym. Myc.p . 296. On stumps, &c. [Low. Carolina.] Differs from P. Virginia in the nature of the down ; stem less distinct, in- crassated upwards, villous ; cup less expanded. — Fries . Sporidia fusiform, , 005-’007 X '0015 m.m .—Nyl. Sporidia straight or curved, *005-*012 X *0015 m.m. — Karst. 2034. Peziza calycina. Schnm. “ White and orange Peziza.” Stipitate, erumpent, funnel-shaped, externally whitish, villous; disc nearly plane, inclining to orange. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 91. FcJcl. exs.no. 1206. Batsch.f. 135. Hedw. t. 22. BerJc.exs. no. 261. Eng. FI. v. 195. Dasyscypha calycina, FcJcl. Sym. Myc.p. 305. Rav. exs. vi. no. 83. On bark of firs. Scotland. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] var. /3. abietis. When fresh of a golden egg-yellow; stem blackish at the base. On Scotch fir. Appin. var. y . lairicis. On larch boughs. Scotland. Cup 1-2 lines broad, varying greatly in colour, and in the length of the stem, often fasciculate. — Eng . FI. Sporidia fusiform-oblong, ‘005-*009 X *002-*003 m.m. — Nyl. Sporidia fusoid *005-‘009 X *001-’002 m.m. — Karst . 2035. Peziza bicolor. Bull. “ Two-coloured Peziza.” Subsessile, globose, tomentose, white ; disc inclining to orange; sporidia cylindrical, straight. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 92. Eng. FI. v.p. 195. FI. Dan. t. 779, /. 2. Bull. t. 41 0,/*. 3. Sow. 1. 17. Ayres, exs. no. 55. FcJcl. exs. no. 1205. Berk. exs. no. 155. Dasyscypha bicolor , FcJcl. Sym. Myc.p. 305. On dead twigs. Nylander and Karsten unites this with P. calycina. 2036. Peziza cerina. P. “ Wax-coloured Peziza.” Hemispherical, villose or furfuraceous, yellowish-olive ; disc concave, yellow. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 92. Eng. FI. v.p. 195. Holms. 686 ELVELLACEI. ii. t. 20. Nees.fi. 283. Moug. exs. no. 687. FI. Dan. 1. 1620, lower fig. Feld. exs. no. 1204. Dasyscypha cerinea, Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 305. On old rails, branches, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] Scattered or gregarious ; cup closed when dry, clothed with yellow, branny pubescence ; stem short or obsolete . — Eng FI. Sporidia oblong-fusiform, minute, *005-*007 X *002-*0025 m.m. — Nyl. Sporidia oblong or elongated, fusoid, *004-*007 X *002-*0025 m.m.— Karst. 2037. Peziza calyculseformis. Schwn. “ Wine-glass Peziza.” Subinfundibuliform, umber-brown ; margin erect, externally villous, as well as the very short, rather thick stem. — Fr. S.M . ii.p. 94. B.SfBr. Ann.N.H. (1866), no. 959, 1164. FI. Dan. t. 2032, f. 2. On dead wood. May. Twycross. “Our plant agrees with Schumachers in habitat; it is not, however, scattered in growth. It has a decidedly dark-brown stem, which is smooth; and the margin is rather connivent than erect.”— B. & Br. Sporidia biseriate *01-*012 X ’002 m.m. — Karst. 2038. Peziza clandestina. Bull. “ Brownish Peziza.” Stipitate, turbinate, fawn-coloured, externally furfuraceo- villose ; disc pallid. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 94. Eng. Fl.y.p. 195. Johnst. F.B.ii.p. 150. Feld. exs. no. 1202. Dasyscypha clandestina , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 305. On dead bramble. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia oblong-fusiform, *005-*007 X *0015 m.m. — Nyl. Sporidia elongato-fusoid, *005-*008 X *0015 m.m.— Karst. 2039. Peziza caulicola. Fr. 11 Herbaceous Peziza.” Yellowish-brown, pallid ; cup between turbinate and globose, farinoso-pubescent ; stem short, firm, smooth. — Fr. S.M. ii. 94. Ann. N. Hist. no. 310. Fckl. exs. no. 1200. On dead herbaceous stems. Minute, gregarious, rather firm, persistent, at length becoming smooth. Colour pale, dirty, opaque, yellowish-pallid, umber, &c. Sporidia fusiform, *006-*009 X *0015-*002 m.m. — Nyl. Sporidia elongated, *006-*009 X *0015-*002 m.m. — Karst. Peziza acuum. Fr. See Helotium acuum. 2040. Peziza albo-violascens. A. % S. “ Proliferous Peziza.” Subsessile, becoming plane, firm, villous, hairy, generally closed; disc pallid. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 96. Eng.Fl.Y.p. 196. A. . 114. A. S. t. 10, /. 7. Nees.f. 264. Ann. N.H. no. 160. On Arbutus Uva-Ur si. Sept. Glencoe. 2981. Peziza leptospoia. B. fy Br. “ Thread-spored Peziza.” Cups at first hemispherical, then expanded, externally lurid from the scattered, black, adpressed flocci, internally whitish ; sporidia filiform. — B. ^-Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1166, t. 4:,f. 30. On decayed wood. Jedburgh. About half a line across ; at first perfectly globose, often collapsed in the centre, but gradually opening and exposing the soft, pallid, sometimes straw r - coloured hymenium ; asci oblong ; sporidia very long and slender, filiform, flexuous, with a row of globular nuclei, at length repeatedly septate. — B.$'Br. Series 3. Fhialea, Fr. Veil none ; cups waxy or membranaceous, quite smooth (or very rarely mealy or sub-tomentose), soon open ; subiculum none. — Berk. Outl. p. 370. Stipitate, membranaceous . . . Hymenoscyjpha. Sessile, waxy, soft Mollisia. yoO Indurated, persistent .... Burella . yo. 324, Rob. Desm. exs. no. 2010, ii. no. 1610. Ann. N.H. no. 960. Kl. exs. no. 823. On Juncus maritimus. Isle of Wight. Sporidia *01 m.m. (*0003 in.) long. 2117 . Peziza dematiicola. B. $ Br. “ Black mould Peziza.” Gregarious, very minute ; cup hemispherical, watery umber, cileated with long hyaline flocci ; disc cinereous ; asci rather short ; sporidia subcymbiform, hyaline. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. 1865, no. 1070, t. 15,/. 20. On dead wood, nestling amongst the flocci of some Helmin- thosporoid Fungus, but whether at all related or not we cannot say. This very beautiful, though minute species, has a mixed resemblance to an Bxcipula, and such Ascoboli as A. c Hiatus. — M. J. B. 2118 . Peziza ezrythrostigma. B. & Br. “ Red spot Peziza.” Minute, stipitate, punctiform, pale red ; hymenium at length convex ; asci clavate ; sporidia uniseriate, elliptic, or subglo- bose. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1168, t. 4,/. 31. Parasitic on Sphceria phceostroma. The stem is mostly curved, distinctly cellular ; asci clavate ; spores mi- nute, subglobose ; very minute, but a pretty object under the microscope. — B. & Br. 706 ELVELLACEI. 2119. Peziza pexistcmialis. B. & Br. “ Holly Peziza.” Minute, cylindrical, pallid, mouth furnished with long white triangular teeth ; disc nearly plane ; asci lanceolate ; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, multi-nucleate. — B . Br. Ann . N.H. (1866), no. 1169, t. 5,/. 32. On holly. Penzance. A most exquisite object under a moderate magnifier, resembling some Actinia in miniature. Sporidia ('001 in.) *025 m.m. long. — B. § Br. 2120. Peziza viburnicola. B.tyBr, “Guelder-rose Peziza.” Subglobose, then hemispherical, grey, externally granulated ; margin denticulate, furfuraceous ; hymenium paler. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1170. On either side of dead leaves of Viburnum. Shere, Surrey. Minute, punctiform, externally speckled with little dark tufts of cells, which sometimes give out a few short, flexuous hairs; asci clavate ; sporidia lanceolate e0004-*0005 in.) '01-*012 m.m. long. 2121. Peziza nervisequia. Besm. “ Plantain-leaf Peziza.” Seriate, black ; cups nestling in an indurated, linear subicu- lum. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 153. Pers.M.E.p.308. Besm. exs.no. 2012. B. $Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1171. On leaves of Plantago lanceolata, Feb. Near Batheaston. Sporidia (*0004 in.) '01 m.m. long. Sect. 3. Durella — indurated, persistent, lichenoid. 2122. Peziza resinse. Fr. “ Eesin Peziza.” Sessile, hard, urceolate, then patellate, orange ; margin evan- escent.— Fr. S.M. ii. p. 149. B. Br. Ann. N.H. ^1866), no. 1173. Fckl.exs.no . 1166. Pezizicula resince , Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 279. On resin. Jedburgh. 2123. Peziza melanotheja. Fr. “ Little Black Peziza.” Sessile, minute, externally between farinaceous and villous, reddish yellow ; disc becoming concave, black. — P. melanoxantha , Fr. S.M.\\. p. 97. On oak branches. [Mid. Carolina.] Small, but beautiful, gregarious, granuliform ; disc at length plane, opaque ; the margin prominent and entire. ELVELLACEI. 707 2124. Peziza compressa. A. & S. “ Compressed Peziza.” Sessile, innate, thin, blackish ; disc black, when dry com- pressed, conchiform.— Fr. S.M . ii. p. 152. A. fy S.p. 340. Eng. Fl.Y.p.%01 . Durella commutata , Feld . Sym. Myc. p. 280. Tul. Carp. iii. t. 22,/. 8-14. On hard wood. Perennial. Appin. [United States.] Minute, scattered or crowded, black, opaque, externally often brownish, subrotund, elliptic, or angular; disc homogenous, black. Sporidia cylindrical, curved, obtuse, triseptate. This seems more closely allied to Patellaria than to Peziza . The triseptate sporidia are those of a Patellaria . 2126. Peziza flexella. Fr. “ Pine-wood Peziza.” Immersed, compressed, minute, concave, variously flexuose, black. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 152. Eng. FI. v. p. 207. On dead wood, especially pine. Perennial. Appin. [Low. Carolina.] Smaller than P. compressa , purer black. — M.J.B. HELOTIUM, Fr. Disc always open, at first puncti- form, then dilated, convex or con- cave, naked. Excipulum waxy, free, marginate, externally naked. — Berk. Outl.p . 371. Disc convex . . . Pelastea. Disc concave . . . Caly cella. 7 / 1 (Fig. 332.) Sub-Gen. 1. Pelastea, Fr. Disc convex. Receptacle hollow beneath, or flattened. — Berk. Outl.p. 371. 2126. Helotium fitouliforme . Fr. “ Staff -like Helotium.” Firm, head convex, yellow, black-brown beneath, as well as the short, thick, subvillose stem. — Fr. S.M.n.p. 155. Eng. FI. v. p. 207. Bolt. 1. 176. On elm. Fig. 332. 708 2127. ELVELLACEX. Helotium agazicinum. Berk. “ Agaric-like Helotium.” Firm, dark green, convex, rather uneven ; margin revolute ; stem rather thick, obconic ; asci long, flexuous, obtuse. — Peziza agaricina , Carm . MSS. Eng . FL v.p. 207. On decayed wood. Appin. Plant lg-2 lines broad, very muck resembling at first sight Helotium virens , but on closer inspection quite different. 2128. Helotium sclerotioides. Berk. “ Sclerotium-like Helotium.” Convex, umbilicate, clear red-brown, concave beneath, and confluent with the short, obconic stem ; asci slender ; sporidia ? — Peziza sclerotioides. B. Eng . FI. v.p. 208. On decayed wood. Appin. At first sight resembling Sclerotium querciqenum. about one line broad. — M.J.B. 12©. Helotium aciculare. Fr. “ Long-stemmed Helotium.” White, smooth, head convex ; stem elongated, equal. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 156. Eng. FI. v. p. 208. Bull. t. 473,/. 1. Helv. agarici - f)rmis , Bolt. t. 98,/ 1. Sow. t. 57. Pers. Ohs. t. 5,/. 1, t. 6,/ 1, 2. Cooke exs . no. 400. On roots and old hollow stumps. Aug. — Dec. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia oblong or subfusiform. (Fig. 332.) 2130. Helotium subtile. Fr. “ Little "White Helotium.” White, minute, rather firm ; head plano-convex ; stem thin, short ; sporidia sub-cylindrical or subfusiform, elongated. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 157. Eng. FI. v. 208. Karst, exs. no. 68. Mon. Pez. p. 141. Fckl.exs.no. 1160. On fir leaves. Stem not 1 line high, somewhat attenuated j head 1 line broad, at length slightly convex. — Fries. Sporidia , 005- , 007 m.m. long. — Karsten. Sporidia attenuated, oblong, ’005-*007 X *001-*00I5 m.m. — Nyl. Karst 2131. Helotium aeruginosum. Fr. “ Green Helotium.” Verdigris-green, head turbinate, then expanded, subflexuose; disc paler; stem short. — Berk. Outl.p. 2>12. Peziza aeruginosa. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 130. Eng. FI. v.p. 202. Grev . t. 241. Berk. exs. ELVELLACEI. 709 no. 281. Sow. t. 847. FI. Dan. t. 534,/. 2. Karst, exs.no. 151- 459. Mon. Fez. p. 142. Bav. exs. v. no. 40 ? Fckl.exs.no. 1158. Chlorosplenium ceruginosum. Tul . Carp, iii.^9. 187. On fallen oak branches. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Staining the wood on which it grows, for a considerable depth, of a deep verdigris-green ; the wood so stained being employed as “ green oak ” in the manufacture of Tunbridge ware. The fully developed Helotium is much more rare than the green mycelioid state. Sporida oblong, -01-'014 X *0035-*0045 m.m. — Nyl. Sporidia elongated-oblong, slightly curved, *01-014 X *003-'004 m.m.— Karst. 2132 . Helotium serotinum. Fr. “Bright Yellow Helotium.” Bright yellow ; head plano-convex, rather thin ; stem short, firm, thickish. — Berk. Outl. p. 372. Peziza serotina. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 119. Eng. FI. v. p. 201. Helv.aurea. Bolt.t.SS. Fckl.exs.no. 1157. On sticks, &c., in watery places. [Mid. Carolina.] Cup £ in. broad, sometimes growing almost in the water itself. Sporidia elongated, curved, hyaline, simple. 2133 . Helotium viargultosrum. Fr. “Beech mast Helotium.” Tongh, smooth, pallid, at length yellowish; cup patellasform; stem long, thin, flexuous ; sporidia acicular-oblong or oblong, simple, or spuriously uniseptate, or granular. — Peziza fructi- gena. Built. 228. Sow. 1. 117. Eng. FI. v. p. 201. Karst. Mon. Pez.p. 132. BabJi . exs. ii. no. 510. Desm. exs. no. 1060, ii. wo. 460. Fckl. exs. no. 1154. Gonn. Babh. iii. t. 6,/. 4. On acorns, beech mast, &c. Common. Cup 1-2 lines broad, shallow from the thickness of the flesh. Sporidia fusiform or oblong, *014-’023 X *0035-’0045 m.m.— Nyl ? var. (3* flavescens. Holms, t. 11. On willow. Sporidia *0033-’0041 m.m. long, and about six times as long.— G. fy R. 2134 . Helotium lut esc ens. Fr. “ Yellowish Helotium.” Yellowish, small; cup hypocrateriform, orbicular ; stem short, slender, subcylindrical. — Peziza lutescens. Hedw. M. Fr. ii. t. 9, /. 3. Ann. N.H.no. 826. FI. Zkm. Z. 1440, /. 1. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 120 . On dead sticks amongst moss. Autumn. [Mid. Carolina.] Helotium testaceum. See Ascobolus. 710 ELVELLACE1. 2135. Helotium conigenum. Fr . “ Fir-cone Helotium.” Waxy or watery consistence, minute, pallid; head nearly plane, immarginate ; stem thick, short, at length obliterated; sporidia subellipsoid. — Berk. Outl.p. 372. Peziza conigena. Fr. S.M . ii. p. 139. Eng . FI. v. p. 205. Karst. Mon. Pez. p. 152. Fckl. exs. no. 1149. On cones of Scotch fir. Sporidia ellipsoid, simple, *007-* 008 X *0035 m.m. Nyl. Karst. 2136. Helotium phascoides. Fr. “Moss Helotium.’ , Of a waxy or watery consistence ; minute, pallid, with a brick- red tinge; head turbinate, plane ; stem short, subequal. — Berk. Outl.p. 372. Peziza phascoides. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 138. Eng. FI. v. p. 204. On mosses. 2137. Helotium acurnn. Fr. “ Fir-leaf Helotium.” Minute, stipitate, slender, whitish ; head nearly plane, exter- nally slightly hairy ; sporidia fusoid-elongated or fusoid-oblong. Berk. Outl.p. 372. Peziza acuum. Fr. S.M . ii. p. 95. Berk. Outl. p. 368. Desm . exs. i. no. 1536, ii. no. 1036. Karst. Mon. Pez. p. 181. Fckl. exs. no. 1153. On dead fir leaves. Sporidia oblong or subfusiform, *004-*005 X *0015 m.m. — Nyl . Sporidia *004**006 X *0015 m.m. — Karst. 2133. Helotium luteolum. Cnrr. “Yellow mud Helotium.” Caespitose, pale straw colour ; stem about 1- inch long ; disc 1 line wide, at first hollow, ultimately expanded and con- vex, the edge covered with very minute, parallel white hairs, giving a somewhat ribbed or channeled appearance ; sporidia straight, or slightly curved, colourless; paraphyses clavato- elongate, acuminate, septate. — Gurr. Linn. Trans, xxiv.p. 153, t. 25,^.11,12,18. On a gorse stick, the end of which was sunk in the mud in a pool of water. May. Paul’s Cray Common. Eemarkable in its densely csespitose and apparently branching habit, and the paraphyses are very peculiar. Its aquatic habit is also an unusual cha- racter. Sporidia (*0004-* 0005 in*) *01-*012 m.m. long. ELVELLACEI. 711 2139. Helotium aquatioum. Curr. “ Aquatic Helotium. , ’ Solitary, stem about ^ in. long ; disc minute, very little wider than the apex of tbe delicate, almost filiform stem; spo- ridia colourless, hyaline, with granules accumulated at each end. — Curr. Linn. Trans, xxiv .p. 1 54, 25,/. 19. On a fragment of stick in water. May. Paul’s Cray Common. The fruit is large for the size of the plant ; sporidia (’0007 in.) *0177 m.m. long. Sub. -Gen. 2. Calycella, Fries. At first turbinate ; disc concave ; stem firm when present. — Berk. Outl. p. 372. 2140. Helotmm tuba. Fr. “ Tube Helotium.” Yellow; head turbinate; disc plane, margin swollen; stem long, slender. — Berk. Outl. p. 372. Pezizatuba. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 128. Bolt.t. 106,/. 1. Eng. FI. v. p. 202. Merulius tubceformis. With. iv.p. 146. On fallen branches. Plant \ in. or more high. 2141. Helotmm buccina. Fr. “ Trumpet Helotium.” Father large, infundibuliform, dull-yellow ; stem thickened, striate, somewhat incurved. — Berk. Outl. p. 872. Pezizabuccina . Fr. S.M. ii.p. 129. Eng . FI. v. p. 202. On wood and pine branches. Rare. Appin, [Mid. Carolina.] 2142. Helotium caly cuius. Fr. “ Yellow-brown Helotium.” Yellowish-brown; head concave, with an elevated margin; stem short, thick, clothed with whitish down. — Berk. Outl.p. 872. Peziza caly cuius, Fr. S.M. ii.p. 129. Eng. Fl.v. p 202. Sow 6 1. 116, P. infundibulum , Grev . FI. ed. p. 428. On fallen branches. About 2 lines high. 2143. Helotium infundibulum. Fr. “ Funnel Helotium.” Ferruginous-red, smooth ; stem short, dilated into the head. — Fr. Peziza calyculus , Q. infundibulum, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 180. Batsch. f. 147. Ann. N. JI.no. 961. On dead sticks. Dec. Twycross. 712 ELVELLACEI. 2X44. Helotium Aspegienii. Fr. “ Yellow and white Helotium.” Head somewhat waved, smooth ; disc yellow externally, as well as the snb -ascending stem, white. — Berk. Outl.p. 372. Peziza Aspegrenii, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 131. Sow. t. 369,/. 7. On wood. 2145. Helotium citrinum. Fr. “ Lemon-colored Helotium.” Crowded, lemon-yellow ; head plano-concave, together with the short, thick, paler stem, forming an inverted cone ; sporidia oblong-elliptic, with 2-3 nuclei. — Berk. Outl. p. 372. Peziza citrina. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 131. Eng. FI. v.p. 202. Fckl. exs. no. 1152. Bag. Syn. 3, t. 24,/. 4. Hedw. t. 8,/. B. Karst, exs. no. 80, 458. Karst. Mon. Pez.p . 143. Batsch.f. 218. Peziza aurea , Sow. t. 150. On old stumps. Common. [United States.] Often clustered together in large patches. Sporidia ellipsoid, simple, *009-*012 X , 0035-*0045 m,m. — Nyl. Sporidia with 2-3 minute nuclei, ‘007-‘0l4 X *003-*004 m.m.— Karst. 2146. Helotium pallescens. Fr. “ Pallid Helotium.” Crowded, smooth, pale yellow or whitish, inclining to pallid ; head concave ; stem short, rather thickened, pallid. — Berk. Outl. p. 372. Peziza pallescens, Fr. S.M. ii ,p. 132. Eng. FI. v.p. 203. Hoffm. Cr. t. 13. Karst, exs. no. 640. Karst. Mon. Pez.p. 145. On old stumps. Autumn. [Mid. Carolina.] White at first, then of a beautiful apricot colour, which is retained by the dried plant; rather crisp, |line broad ; margin distinct, sometimes flexuous ; stem and cup, which together form an inverse cone, sometimes marked ex- ternally with transverse ridges.— M.J.B. Generally accompanied by a species of Torula . Sporidia oblong or fusiform 1-3 septate, , 011-*02 X *003-*004 m.m.— Nyl. Sporidia with 2-4 nuclei, or 1-3 septate, straight or slightly curved *010- *018 X *003 m.m.— Karst, 2147. Helotium lenticulaxe. Fr. “ Lenticular Helotium.” Convex, adpressed, firm, yellow ; stem papilliform, blackish. — Berk. Outl. p. 372. Peziza lenticularis , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 133. Eng. Fl.v. p. 203. Bull . A 300. FI. Dan. t . 1294,/. 1. Fckl. exs. no. 1151. On old stumps. Sporidia ovate- oblong, hyaline, simple, with one or two nuclei. ELVELLACEI. 713 2148. Helotium ochraceum. Fr. “ Ochraceous Helotium.” Ochrey-brown, minute, gregarious, thick, carnose, obconic ; bymenium minutely granular, at length plane or sub-convex. — Berk . Outl.p. 372. Peziza ochracea , Grev . t. 5. Eng. FI. v.p. 204. On old stumps. Autumn. Not 1 line broad, thick, puckered, or rugose at the base; margin equal or irregular, rounded, and depressed ; hymenium sprinkled with minute shin- ing particles, resembling grains of brown sugar. In drying it does not change. - Grev. 2149. Helotium csribsrosum. Berk. “ Black Helotium.” Black, solitary, rather large, very concave; hymenium crib- riform, or full of lacerated, irregular pores and sinuses. — Peziza cribrosa , Grev. FI. ed.p. 423. Eng. FI. v.p. 203. On sandy or gravelly ground. Large, £-1 in. broad, hemispherical, at length partly spreading, but always deeply concave, wholly black, but deeper within, somewhat rugose at the base externally; margin entire, even.— Grev. 2150. Helotium claro-flavum. Berk. “ Bright Yellow Helotium.” Yellow, gregarious, minute, obconical, at length somewhat plane ; margin raised, obtuse, externally somewhat paler. — Peziza claro-flava , Grev. FI. ed.p. 424. Eng. FI. v.p. 203. On decayed wood and branches. Very minute, the largest not half a line broad, always concave ; whole plant very bright yellow; hymenium darker.— Grev. 2151. Helotium salicellum. Fr. “ Willow-twig Helotium.” Ochraceous, becoming pallid, firm, adpressed, plane ; stem very short, pallid ; sporidia fusoid-oblong with 2-4 nuclei. — Berk. Out. p. 372. Peziza salicella, Fr. S.M.ii. p. 133. Ann. N.H. no. 573.* Karst. Mon. Pez.p. 134. Fckl. exs. no. 1164. On willow twigs. Aug. — Oct. Sporidia oblong, or fusiform oblong, ’OSS-'OB X ‘005-*007 m.m. — Nyl. Sporidia slightly curved with 2-4 nuclei, or 1-3 spurious septa, *025-*029 X *005- '006 m.m .—Karst. 2152. Helotium versiforme . Fr. “Twisted Helotium.” Gregarious, substipitate ; head deformed, somewhat twisted, yellow -olive, externally purplish ; sporidia elongated and ob- tuse at either end. — Berk. Outl.p. 372, t. 2,/. 6. Peziza versi - 2 H 14 ELVELLACEI. formis, Fr. S.M. ii .p. 130. Pers. Ic. Des. t. 7,f. 7. Ann. N.H. no. 159. Karst. Mon. Pez. p. 141. Berk. exs. no. 274. On ash stumps. Apethorpe. [Up. Carolina.] Sporidia elongated, ‘OOS-’O^ X , 003-*004 m.m. — Karst. 2153. Helotium subsessile. Sch. “ Umber Helotium ” Small, pallid ; head plano-convex ; disc pale-umber ; stem very short, umber-brown at the base ; asci clavate ; sporidia ob- long, sublanceolate, with two or more nuclei. — Schum. Saell.p. 415. Berk. Outl.p. 372. Peziza helotioides, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 135. Ann. N.H. no. 573. FI. Dan. 1. 1855,/. 3. On dead branches. Oct. King’s Cliffe. Of a dull ochre rather than nmber, the stem is very thick, obconical, and merely a prolongation of the pileus ; the hymeninm convex.— M.J.B. 2154. Helotium pminosum. Jerd % “ Frosted Helotium.” Minute, sessile, or very shortly stipitate, entirely white, prui- nose ; disc pale flesh colour ; sporidia elongato-cymbiform, 3-4 nucleate. — B. . 209. Outl.p. 374. Cooke Seem. J. Bot. May , 1864. Berk. exs. no. 159. B. fy Br. Ann. N R. no. 1083* t. 16,/. 25. Boud. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1869 J, x. t. 6,/. 11. Fckl. exs. no. 1852. On rabbit dung. Sporidia oOOOd-'OOOS in.) *015-*0177 m.m. long. Stylospores occur in this species occasionally at the tips of the paraphyses; cup i line broad, adher- ing by branched threads, at first globose, then nearly plane, opening with about five lacinise, which, as it expands, are again divided. — M.J.B. 2202. Ascobolus asmginens. Fr. “ Dull-green Ascobolus.” Gregarious, sessile, nearly plane, marginate, smooth, greenish ; asci clavate, attenuated downwards ; sporidia elliptic, violet, or violet purple. — Fries. Obs. ii. p. 310. Sys. Myc. ii .p. 1 64. Cooke 728 ELVELLACEI. Seem. J. Bot. May, 1864. Bond. Ann. Sc. Nat.[ 1869), x. t.7,f . 12. A. marginatus , Schum. Saell. ii. p , 437. On horse-dung. August. 2203. Ascobolus glabez. Pers. “ Smooth Ascobolus.” Sessile, minute, smooth, shining, somewhat convex, margin- ate, colour variable from white or orange to vinous-brown ; asci nearly equal ; sporidia at first hyaline, then amber-coloured, at length deep violet, reticulated. — Pers. Obs. i. t. 4,/. 7. Syn.p. 667. Fr . S.M. ii. p. 164. Feld. exs. no. 1 134. Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 209. Outl.p. 374. Cooke Seem. J. Bot. May , 1864,/#. 4. B. <£• Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1085*, t. 16,/. 27. Bond. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1869), x. t. 7, /. 13-15. On cow dung and rabbits’ dung. Autumn. Bathford and Ascot. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia (*0005 in. broad, -OOOO-'OOl in long), *0127 X *022-*025 m.m. 2204:. Ascobolus immersus. Pers. “ Large-spored Ascobolus.” Very small, clear greenish-yellow, smooth, subcylindrical or hemispherical ; hymenium flat ; asci large and wide ; sporidia very large, ovoid, surrounded by a wide, hyaline membrane, pur- ple violet; paraphyses colourless, filiform. — Pers. Obs. t. 4,/. 7, d. e. Boud. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1869), x. t. 8, /. 17. Nees.f. 297. A. macrosporus. Crouan Ann. desSc. Nat. 1857, vol. vii. p. 74, t. 4, 5, 8. Cooke Seem. J. Bot. May , 1864, fig. 7. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1089, t. 17,/. 33. On old cow dung, and on sheep and horse dung. Autumn. Batheaston. Receptacles small ; the cells which compose it anastomose, and form a reticulated tissue. “Mr. Currey observes that the amethyst-coloured epispore tears off in riband-like shreds/’ Sporidia (*0025 in.) *06-*065 m.m. long. 2205. Ascobolus brunneus. Cooke. “ Brown Ascobolus Cups minute, globose, then depressed, sessile, externally pilose, pale ochre ; asci broadly clavate, short ; paraphyses fili- form ; sporidia elliptic, at first hyaline, and granular, at length brown. — Cooke exs. no. 286 (1867). HedwigiaC\. p. 154, not A. brunneus. Boud. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1869.) On cow dung. Shere. Sporidia /001-'0015 in. long, *0006 in. broad), *025-’035 X ‘015 m.m. ELVELLACEI. 729 C. Saccobolus. Bond. 2206. Ascobolus Kezvemi. Crouan. “ Golden Ascobolus ” Very small, fine golden-yellow, sessile, hemispherical, some- times subcylindrical ; hymenium flat or convex ; asci wide, in- curved, spores elliptical, first white, then rosy, and finally of a beautiful violet, disposed at the summit of the ascus, in an oblong mass, enclosed in a hyaline membrane ; paraphyses simple, fili- form, a little thickened at their summit, and of a yellow colour. — Crouan. Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1858, vol. x. p. 193, 1. 13, f. B. 7-11. Fclcl. exs.no. 1836. Cooke Seem. J. Bot. May , 1864, Jig. 8. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1090 t. 17,. f. 34. In small groups upon old cow dung. Oct. Bathford. Receptacle composed of a tliin filamentous tissue, anastomosing in a re- ticulated manner. 1 ( The sporidia are dark violet when mature, and not reticulated. When young they nearly fill the ascus, but when mature are confined to a small space. When their proper envelope bursts, a number of minute globular bodies escape, apparently of a different character from the coarser ones which fill the space between the primary and secondary membranes when they are immature.” — B. &Br. 2207 . Ascobolus depaupexatus. B. & Br. “ Pallid Ascobolus.” Cups minute, plane, pallid, then vinous ; asci short ; 'sporidia obtusely fusiform, lurid violet, even ; paraphyses slightly incras- sated. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1084, 1. 14 ,f. 6. On dung of sheep, horse, and deer. Bathford, &c. Cups minute, not exceeding l-100th in. diameter, yellowish when young, becoming vinous, but sometimes when old, losing their purplish tint ; spo- ridia as in A. vinosus and some others, collected in a distinct sac, (*0004- ‘0005 in.) ‘01-‘0127 m.m. long, by (*00025 in.) ‘0065 m.m. wide, which is only half the dimensions of those of A. vinosus , the cups of which, moreover, are many times as large. — B. . Br. 2214. Ascobolus saccharinus. B. 6a Cw % r. “ Sparkling Ascobolus.” Scattered or crowded ; disc almost hemispherical when young, afterwards expanded and plane, of a reddish-pink, or salmon- colour, when dry paler towards the margin ; plant attached at the base by white downy threads ; hymenium somewhat glisten- ing, looking as if sprinkled with minute particles of brown sugar ; sporidia elliptical, colourless. — B. Curr. Berk. Outl. p. 374. Cooke Seem. J. Bot. May, 1864, fig. 10. B. 8f Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1091* t. 17./. 36. Ascophanus saccharinus , Boud. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1869), x. *. 12./. 40. On old leather, and also on old rag. Chislehurst, Kent. Sporidia (*0007-*0008 in), *0177"*02 m.m. long. 2215. Ascobolus ciliatus. Schm . “ Fringed Ascobolus.” Sessile, subhemispherical, smooth, orange ; disc plane ; mar- gin swollen, white, fringed with white hairs ; asci large ; sporidia 732 ELVELLACEI. broadly elliptic ; dark-violet when mature. — Schmidt, My c. Hefte , i.p. 90. Pers. M.E. i.p. 340. Fr. S.M.ii. p. 1Q4. Eng.Fl.Y.p. 209. Berk. Outl.p. 374. Cooke Seem. J. Bot . May , 1864. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1083*, £..14,/. 7. Ascophanus ciliatus, Bond. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1869), x.y?. 253. On cow- dung. Autumn. Extremely like Peziza stercorea, but tbe hairs are white. The asci are very large for the size of the plant, and are not altered by drying. — M. J. B. 2215. AscoTbolus testaceus. B. 6c Br. “ Brick red Ascobolus.” Gregarious, waxy, sessile, unequal, smooth, sub-depressed, brick-red ; asci broadly cylindrical ; sporidia elliptical ; surface granular ; paraphyses slightly thickened upwards, subclavate. — B. fyBr. Ann. N.H. no. 1082*, 1 . 14,/. 5. Helotium testaceum , Berk. Outl.p. 372. Peziza testacea, Moug. Fr. El. ii. p. 11. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 576. Old sacking and rabbits’ dung. The asci project in good fresh specimens, and the habitat indicates an Ascobolus rather than an Helotium. ~~B. 6c Br. Gen . 305. BULGARIA, Fr. Keceptacle orbicular, then trun- cate, glutinous within, at first closed; hymenium even, persistent, smooth. — Berk. Outl.p. 374. (Fig. 339/ 2217. Bulgaria inquinans. Fr. “ Blackish Bulgaria.” Turbinate, firm, externally rugu- lose, furfuraceous, umber ; disc be- coming plane, black ; asci long, ob- tuse ; sporidia large, elliptic, brown. —Fr. S.M. ii.p. 167. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. xx. (1853), t. 15,/. 1-7. Eng. B t. v.p. 20y. Uooice exs. no. 324. Fckl. exs. no. 1136. Bav. exs. v. no.43. FI. Dan. t. 464. Schceff.t. 158. Batsch.f. 50. Hedw.t.S , /. 5. Berk. Outl. t. 22, f. 7. Pez. nigra, Bull. t. 460,/. 1. Sow. t. 423. Nees.f. 296. Pez. polymorpha, Light, ii. p. 1003. Hoff. Cr. ii. t. 6,/. 2. On oak trunks, &c. [United States.] Fig. 339. ELVELLACEI. 733 Tough, elastic, gelatinous, dark -brown, or chocolate, almost black, wrinkled, and rough externally ; disc sometimes lacunose ; stem in general blank, almost obsolete, sometimes fasciculate and confluent.— M.J.B. {Fig. 339.) 2213. Bulgaria sarcoides. Fr . “ Purplish Bulgaria.*’ Stylospores — Csespitose, soft, viscid, flesh-coloured, inclin- ing to purple, at first club-shaped, then compressed, lobed, and plicate. — Tremella sarcoides , Berk . Outl. t. 2,/. 7. Eng. Bot. t. 2450. Bolt.t. 101,/. 2. Bull £.499,/. 5. Eng. FI. v.p. 217. Ascophore — Csespitose, polymorphous, rather firm, flesh-red, externally somewhat venose ; disc concave ; asci clavate ; spori- dia oblong-lanceolate, straight, or unequal, with a central nucleus. Fr. S.M. ii ,p. 168. Eng. FI. Y.p. 240. Berk . Outl. t. 18,/. 6. Bolt, t. 101,/. 2. Schceff. t. 323, 324. Hedw.t.7 , /. B. Berk, exs.no. 273. Batschf. 53. Jacq. Misc. t. 22. i?wZZ. Z. 101,/. 2. AY. Dan. t. 1017,/. 1-2. vars. Coryne sarcoides , Tul. Carp, iii.j?. 190, Z. 17, /i-io. On old stumps. [S. Carolina.] Dr. Capron undoubtedly traced Tremella sarcoides through its stages to its perfection in this species, almost simultaneously and independently of the researches of M. Tulasne, which produced the same result. The Tremella , therefore, is an imperfect condition of the Bulgaria. Gen. 306. AGYRIUM, Fr. Fig. 340. 2219. Agyrium lufum. Receptacle compact, homo- geneous, waxy, gelatinous when moist, innate, sessile, sphasrical, even, smooth, fructifying all round ; asci fixed. — Berk. Outl.p. 375. (Fig. 340.) Pers. “ Beddish Agyrium.” Gregarious, convex, or spherical, compact when moist, flesh- coloured, when dry red-brown; asci ovoid ; sporidia oblong, pellucid. — Eng. FI. v. p. 220. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 232. Fries, exs. no. 280. Grev. t. 232. Corda. Ic. ii./ 128. Stictisrufa , Pers. Obs. ii. Z.6,/6. On old dry fir wood. [Up. Carolina.] About \ line broad, often seated on a whitish spot. It is very probable that this should be classed with lichens rather than fungi. (Fig. 340.) 734 ELVELLACEI. Gen. 307. STICTIS, Pers. Receptacle obsolete ; hy- menium even, determinate, orbicular and elliptic, immersed in the matrix, at first veiled. — Berk. Outl.p. 375. {Fig. 341.) . ' . . . Eustictis. . . . . Xylographa. j, becoming dusty .... Propolis. 2220. Stictis (Eustictis) ratiiata. Pers. “ Radiated Stictis.” Immersed, orbicular, border snow-white, somewhat lacerated, pulverulent ; sporidia linear, straight, continuous. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 194. Eng. FI. y.p. 213. Rav. exs. 1, no. 43. Berk. exs. no. 70. Tode. t. 7,/. 58. Nees.f. 294. Hoffm. Lick. t. 7,/. 4. Grev. t. 227. Baxt. exs. no. 80. Sturm, t. 61. Peziza marginata, Sow. t. 16. On wood, twigs, &c. [United States.] (Fig. 341.) 2221. Stictis (Eustictis) pallida. Pers. “ Pallid Stictis.” Gregarious, immersed, punctiform, pallid ; mouth connivent, subelliptic. — Fr. S.M.ii.p. 196. Eng. FI. y.p. 213. Pers. Obs. ii. t. 6,/. 7. On wood. Appin. [Mid. Carolina.] Scattered, minute, elliptic, or subrotund, two individuals sometimes grow- ing close together, and having a common partition, yellowish, surrounded by a narrow, spurious border of the same colour. The wood on which it grows is white. — M.J.B. 2222. Stictis (Eustictis) microstoma. Cam. “ Small- mouthed Stictis.” Very minute, punctiform, prominent, blackish, opening with a minute, round, or subelliptic orifice ; spores triseptate, hya- line, granular; paraphyses branched. — Berk. Outl.p. 375. Stictis sicrostoma , Eng. FI. y.p. 213. On wood. Scattered, at first nearly white, with a minute orifice, round which it gradually assumes a darker hue, and at length under a high magnifier, ap- pears, when moist, of a sub-olivaceous black. Resembling a minute Sphoeria. —M.J.B. Sporidia (‘0007 in.) *0177 m.m. long. Fig. 341. Hymenium persistent , , deliquescent . ELVELLACEI. 735 2223. Stictis (Eustictis) nivea. Pers. “ Snowy Stictis .” Elliptic, very thin, white. — Pers. M.E.p. ii. 339. Fr . S.M. ii .p. 196. BerJc. Ann. N.H. no. 167. Desm. exs. no. 763. On Pinus pinaster. Milton, Norths. 2224. Stictis (Eustictis) lichenicola. Mont. “ Lichen Stictis.” Erumpent, between fleshy and waxy, cupulseform ; disc grey- black, nearly plane ; margin obtuse, blackish, cinereous, crack- ing in a stellate manner ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia obovate or elliptical, with many nuclei, then septate, or fenestrate. — Mont. Ann. Sc. Mat. v.p. 281, t. 13,/. 3. BerTc. Ann . N.H. no. 166. On foliaceous Ccenomyces . Wareham. Isle of Skye. . 51, with fig. Taphrina bullata , Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. v. vol. Y.p. 127. On living pear leaves. (Fig. 342.) Sporidia hi. l° n g ». a?c i *015*025 m.m. long, *01 m.m. thick. 2233. Ascomyces deformans. Berk. “ Peach Ascomyces.’’ Hypophyllous, rendering the matrix here and there bullate, sprinkled with a white powder ; asci short, cylindrical ; sporidia elliptical, hyaline. — Berk. Outl.p. 376, t. i f. 9 a. b. Taphrina de- formans , Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. v. vol. Y.p. 128. Exoascus de- formans , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 252. Fckl exs. no. 2063 and 2275. On peach leaves. 2234. Ascomyces trientalis. Berk. “ Trientale Ascomyces.” Spots orbicular or irregular, arising from a reddish stratum. — Berk, inlitt. Berk. Out. p. 376. On leaves of Trientalis Europcea. 2235. Ascomyces juglandis. Berk. “Walnut Ascomyces.” Hypophyllous, effused, snow-white on the nerves of the leaves ; sporidia ovoid, hyaline. — Berk. Outl. p 376. Gymnosporium leu- cosporum , Mont. Syll.p. 309. On walnut leaves. 2 i Gen. 308 . Fig. 342. 738 TUBERACEI. Order XXIX. TUBERACEI. Subterranean. Hymenium waved and sinuate, often intricate and closely packed. This differs from the Order vii. Hypogcei, in that the sporidia are contained in asci. Sporidia more or less elliptic— Peridium rough. Asci saccate .... Peridium warty. Hymenium lacunose . Peridium warty, opening above. Asci cylin- drical Sporidia globose — Integument smooth. Asci clavate . Integument warty, opening above. Asci cla- vate Integument papillose. Asci oblong Integument cottony. Asci cylindrical Integument downy. Asci elliptic . Hymenium exposed. Asci linear Sporidia globose, with radiating threads, starchy — # Peridium convolute. Asci saccate . Sporidia concentric, at length dusty — Integument hard. Asci nearly globose . Tuber . Balsamia . Genea . Choir omyces. Pachyphlceus . Hydnotrya . Stephensia. Hydnobolites. Sjohoerosoma . Amylocarpus. Elaphomyces . Gen. 309. TUBER, Mich. Figs. 343. Asci short, saccate, disposed in sinuous veins ; sporidia elliptic, reticulate, often echinulate ; pe- ridium warty or tubercled, rarely smooth, with- out any definite base. — Myc.p. 221. Tul. Hyp. p. 133. Vitt. Tub. p. 131. Berk. Outl.p. 376. ( Figs. 343, 344 sporidia .) Sect. A. — Epispore alveolate. 2236. Tuber aestivum. Vitt . “ Common Truffle.” Rounded, irregular, large, 1-2 inches or more in diameter, black- brown, verrucose ; warts large, polygonal, pyramidal, and trans- versely striate ; veins very numerous, indistinct ; flesh whitish, then clay coloured, or pale brown ; asci 4-6 spored; spores ellip- tic, brown, reticulato-alveolate ; alveoli few and broad. — Vitt. Tub. p. 38, t. 2,/. 4. Tul. Hyp. t. 7,/. 3. Corda Icon. vi. 1. 18,/. TUBERACEI. 739 129. Berk . Outl.p. 376, t. 23, f. 2. Cooke's B.F.t. 23, f. 1. Tuber cibarium , /SW. t. 309. Hussey . 11. Eng, Fl.Y.p. 228. T. bohe - micum , Gorda, Ic. vi. T, albidum , jFr. Jfyc. In woods, especially of beech. Esculent. From 1 to 8 inches in diameter, irregularly globose. The warts on the surface of the peridium large, four to six-sided, longitudinally and irregu- larly sulcate, the apex pierced or excavated and traversed chiefly about the crown with shallow parallel striae. Sporidia ellipsoid, *0256-'032 m.m. long, *0221-*025 m.m- broad, pallid tawny-yellow ; epispore faveolo-plicate. 2237. Tuber maczospomm. Vitt. “ Large -spored Truffle.” Boundish ; peridium clad with minute, irregular tubercles, covered with ferruginous spots and fissures ; flesh compact ; veins scattered, numerous and interrupted, and mixed with obscure lines; asci with long pedicels, 1-3 spored ; sporidia elliptic, very large, brown ; epispore alveolo-reticulate, reticulations small. — Vitt. Tub. t. i ./. 5. Tul. Hyp. t. 17,/. 8. B. § Br. Ann . Nat. Hist. no. 580. Berk. Outl. p. 376. In woods. Near Bristol. From the size of a filbert to that of a walnut, or larger, ferruginous black j flesh at first white, compact, veins dirty-white then pale-brown. Spores visible to the naked eye, *055-*065 m.m. long, *082-'039 m.m. broad. Odour strongly alliaceous. 2238. Tuber bituminatum. B. fy Br. “ Pitchy Truffle.” Black, globose, or ovate, regular ; warts small and polyhedral, with a deep hole excavated at the base of the tuber ; veins loosely coherent, for the most part originating from the margin of the basal hollow; asci oval, with long pedicels ; sporidia brown, ovate, loosely cellulose. — i?. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 581. Berk. Outl.p. 37 6. In deep sand. Oct. Bowood. Wilts. cc Closely allied to T. cestivum , Vitt. but easily distinguished by the odour ; it differs also in the general form, being much more regular, and the warts smaller, and in the existence of a basal cavity prolonged into the substance of the fungus, which is thus very light compared with T. cestivum. The veins cohere very loosely, so that it is difficult to cut the plant in half without breaking it into frustules. It shrinks very much in drying. The sporangia have much longer stalks than in T. cestivum. The sporidia closely resemble those of that species, but are slightly longer compared with their width, and have somewhat shallower cells. It ranges from the size of a walnut to that of a heu’s egg.” Odour bituminous, and very strong of horse radish.— M.J.B. 2 i 2 740 TUBERACEI. 2239. Tubes: scles:/. J. B. Spores ‘OlS-’Olb m.m. diameter. ( Fig. 347 sect, and sporidium ,) 2249. Pachyphloeus ciirinus. B . # Br. “ Lemon Pachy- phloeus.” Subglobose, minutely warted, peridium brown, powdered with lemon- coloured particles ; apex bright lemon-yellow, internally yellowish ; interstices floccose, lemon-yellow, base rooting. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 79. Tul. Hyp. 132. In woods. Near Bristol and in Wiltshire and Devonshire. Very nearly allied to P. rnelanoxanthus , which is, however, black in every stage of growth, and has but little odour, whereas this is densely powdered with lemon coloured particles, and has a strong smell, like that of rotting sea weed. The orifice is generally more expanded, and is of a fine deep lemon yellow from the exposure of the interstices of the fructifying veins, and the peridium thin and brown frosted with yellow, when young of a uni- form gamboge yellow. In P. rnelanoxanthus the veins are nearly black, with yellowish interstices, and the peridium thick, far more coarsely warted, more compressed, and irregular in form and always black. — M.J.B. 22*10. Pachyphlceus conglosnesatus. B. ft Br. il Conglome- rate Pachyphloeus.’ , Irregularly lobed and plicate, conglomerate, even ; peridium rufous-brown, interstices of the lobes clothed with aclpressed silky, yellow fibres. — B. § Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 80. Tul. Hyp. p. 132. In woods. Oct. Near Bristol. About an inch in diamer, shortly stipitate, much lobed, and plicate as if made up of a number of individuals, the lobes rounded, of a deep brown- olive. Sometimes quite even, sometimes rather rough, but not the least verrucose, interstices of the lobes clothed with adpressed silky, yellow fibres. Asci clavate, irregular, containing eight globose, tuberculate sporidia.- Spor- idia larger than in the other species ('0192 m.m.), and differing in their ap- pearance. — XL. J. B. TUBEEACEI. 745 Gen. 313. STEPHENS! A, Tul. Common integu- ment fleshy, cottony; base distinct ; hyme- ninm intricate ; asci N^gpF cylindrical ; sporidia globose. — Tul. Hyp . Fig. 348. p . 129. Berk. Outl.p . 377. (Fig. 348.) 2251. Stephensia bombyc&na. Tul. 1 ‘ Strong- scented Stephensia. ” Subglobose, depressed ; peridium rather soft, floccose, irregu- larly intruded into the cavity, destitute of rooting fibres ; flesh gyroso-venose; sporidia pellucid, spherical. — Tul. Hyp. t. 12, /. 4. Genea bombycina , Vitt. Tub. t. 3,/. 13, t. 4, /. 8. 2?. $ Br. Ann. N.H. xiii. p. 357. Oct. Castle Combe, Chudleigh. . Peridium floccose, rather soft, dirty white, and so much intruded as some- times to leave no cavity. The sporidia are globose, at first smooth, at length verrucose. With age they lose their transparency. The smell is very strong and disagreeable, resembling that of M elanogaster ambiguus. A small slice of it placed in a drop of water on the field of the microscope produced when dry a quantity of fine radiating crystals. Spores *019-’022 m.m. diameter.— M. J. B . {Fig. 348 sect, and sjooridium.) Gen. 314. HYDNOTRYA, B. & Br. Common integument minutely pa- pillose, not distinct ; hymenium com- plicated with gy rose lacunae, leading to the surface ; asci oblong ; spori- dia globose, tuberculate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 78. Tul. Hyp. p. 127. {Fig. 349.) 2252. Hydnotrya Tulasraii. B. fy Br. “ Tulasne’s Hydnotrya.” Globose-depressed, base plicate, cribroso-porose, velvety rufous ; cells large, walls pubescent, white ; trama rufous ; asci long ; sporidia globose, at length reticulated, not echinulate. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. xviii./). 78. Tul. Hyp. t. 8,/. 2, t. 14,/. 3, t. 21. Hyd- nobolites Tulasnei, Berk. Ann. N.H. xiii .p. 357, wo. 317. Berk. exs. no. 302. Fig. 349. 2 i 5 746 TUBERACEI. In sandy ground. Aug. Spye Park, Wilts, and Chudleigh. Esculent. Depresso-globose 1-2 in. or more in diameter, ferruginous with a tinge of Vermillion, velvety, cribroso-porous at the base ; cells irregular, large, espe- cially in mature individuals, pubescent ; substance rufous ; asci oblong- elliptic, containing eight globose spores, reticulated but not echinulate : in the centre of each reticulation there is a single globule. Closely resembling Balsamia vulgaris when dry.— M.J.B. Spores '035 m.m. diameter. {Fig. 349 sect, and sporidium.) Gen. 315. HYDHOBOLITES, Tul. Integument replaced by white, evan- escent down ; hymenium complicated with sinuose lacunae, ending at the sur- face ; asci elliptic ; sporidia globose. — Tul. Hyp. p. 126. Berk. Outl.p. 377. (Fig. 350.) 2253. Hydnobolites cesrebarifoarmis. Tul. “ Brain-like Hydnobolites.” The size of a filbert, firm, even, smooth, pallid yellow \ asci elliptic ; sporidia globose. — Tul . Ann. Sc. Nat. xix, p. 378. Tul. Hyp. p. 126, t. 4,/. 5, t. 14,/. 2. B . Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 8, no. 10. Oogaster , Corda. Ic. vi. t. 16,/. 121. In woods. Aug. Sept. Bristol and Wilts. A small species, resembling a small lacunose truffle, but differs in having no real peridium, as is the case also in Hydnotria. Sporidia 0192-*0224 m.m. {Fig. 350 sect, and sporidium.) Gen. 316. SPHJEROSOMA, Kl. Common integument alto- gether wanting ; hymenium exposed, even or rugose, solid or lacunose ; asci linear ; spo- ridia spherical. — Tul. Hyp. p. 184. Berk. Outl.p. 377. (Fig. 351.) 2254. Sphsexosoma ostiolatum. Tul. “ Pierced Sphserosoma.” Globose, gibberoso-sinuate, ostiola apical, pervious, and more or less excavated, smooth, rather soft, brown ; spores dark brown, tuberculate. — Tul. Hyp. 1 . 19 J. 1. Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 79. Fig. 350. TTJBERACEI. 747 Under leaves amongst loose mould. Near Bristol. There is not the least trace of peridium in any stage of growth. A very curious circumstance sometimes occurs — that there is more than one stratum of hymenium. The asci are much shorter than the paraphyses. The adult plant is strongly plicate, and of a rich mulberry brown. Sporidia perfectly sphserical, *019-*023 m.m. diameter, with thick, elongated, obtuse unequal warts. {Fig. 351.) Gen. 317 . BALSAM! A, Yitt. Common integument warty ; hy- menium complicated with distinct lacunae not leading to the surface ; sporidia cylindrical, or oblongo- ellip- tic, even, pellucid. — Vitt. Tub. p. 30. Tul. Hyp. p. 122. Berk. Ann. N.H. xiii. p. 358. Berk. Outl. p. 377 . (Fig. 352.) 2255. Balsamiaplatispoira. B.&Br . “ Broad-spored Balsamia.” Small, globose, rufous, minutely warted, substance pallid yel- low, minutely cellulose ; sporidia at first broadly oblong-elliptic, with a large globose nucleus, at length slightly elongated tri- nucleate. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 358, no. 318. Tul. Hyp. 1. 15,/. 2. Oct. — Dec. Rudloe, Wilts. About the size of a horse bean, rufous, with the interstices of the minute warts of a light yellow tint, from the exposure of the internal substance ; cells minute ; sporidia at first broadly oblong-elliptic with a large globose nucleus and a number of minute granules ; in one specimen the sporidia were slightly elongated, with one large and two small nuclei. Smell strong. Sporidia *0217 m.m. long, *0129 m.m. broad. {Fig. 352J Fig. 352. Gen. 318. GENE A, Yitt. Fig. 353. N.H. xiii.^. 356. Berk. Outl Common integument warty, with an aperture at the apex ; hyme- nium waved and sinuated, but not forming an intricate mass ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia subglobose, or elliptical. — Vitt. Tub. p. 27. Tul. Hyp . p. 118. Berk. Ann. p. 377. (Fig. 353.) 748 TTJBERACEl. 2 353. Genea verrucosa. Vitt. 11 Warted Genea.” Very irregular and polymorphous, gibbous, sulcate, or also somewhat many-lobed, black, yerrucose ostiolate ; ostiola some- times very broad, radical filaments abbreviated; sporidia broadly elliptic, yerrucose. — Tul. Hyp. t. 4, f. 1, t. 12, f. 3. t. 13,/. 5. Vitt. Tub. t. ii. / 7. B. Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 78. G. papillosa, B. Ann. N.H. xiii. p. 356. In clayey soil. Bowood Park and King’s Cliffe. Yariable in size from a pea to a small nut, globose, very irregular, often many-lobed, with tbe lobes rounded, externally black and verru cose, cine- reous or dirty white within; sporangia linear-elongated, very obtuse; sporidia broadly elliptic, *0256 m.m. broad, *032 m.m. long, verrucose and whitish, warts very obtuse and unequal, nucleus oily. {Fig* 353.) 2257. Genea Klotschii. B. & Br. “ Klotsch’s Genea.” Foetid, peridium subplicate, black without and within, yerru- cose, affixed below to rather rigid, brown, rooting fibrils ; my- celium effuse, white, arachnoid and woven ; sporidia large, tuber- culate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 78. Berk. Outl.p. 378. Corda. Ic. vi. t. 11,/. 101. Tul . Hyp. t. 13,/ 4. On tbe soil. Bristol and Devonshire. The mycelium spreads for some distance on or within the soil, so that the plant is easily detected when the leaves are raked off. This vanishes when the peridia are perfect. One or more individuals are found in each patch of mycelium. In the young peridium the point of attachment is lateral. The sporidia are large, coarsely granulated, and much exceeding in volume those of G. verrucosa.— M. J. B. Sporidia *04-*05 m.m. diameter. 2258. Genea hispidula. Berk. “ Hairy Genea.” Small, brown, externally invested everywhere with rather rigid, adpressed, brown flocci ; interior cavity very often simple, with the mouth almost hidden ; radical fibres brown, adhering to the base ; sporidia large, ellipsoid; warts thick and crowded. — G.papillosa, Berk. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 76. Berk. Outl.p. 378. In the ground. Near Chudleigh, Aspley, Beds., and Bristol. The whole peridium is of a rich brown, and is densely clothed with brown bristles wherever it extends. The sporidia are very much larger and far more coarsely granulated than in G. verrucosa , the granules, indeed, being often bifid ; they often contain two nuclei, but sometimes there is but one. From the size of a pea to that of a filbert. Sporidia '032 m.m. broad, *038- *042 m.m. long ; odour faint, not peculiar. TUBERACEI. 749 Gen . 319. ELAPHOMYCES, Nees. Common integument thick, hard ; asci globose, or obo- vate ; sporidia consisting of several concentric utricles ; internal mass at length dusty. —Tul. Hyp . p. 100. Berk. Eng. Fl.'v. p. 306. Berk. Outl.p. 378* {Fig. 354J Fig. 354. 2259. Elaphomyces anthracisms. Vitt. “ Smooth-coated Elaphomyces.” Globose, depressed in the centre, papillate, sometimes hol- lowed ; mycelium dark brown ; cortex black or brown, not spotted, nearly smooth, rigid, crustaceous : peridium thick, whitish; sporidia blackish-brown. — Vitt. Tub. t. 3,/. 8. Tul. Hyp. t. 19. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. xviii. p. 81. In clayey soil. Near Bristol. The original specimens of Vittadini are minutely granulated under a lens, a character which does not appear in our specimen. The sporidia are alike, and at once distinguish it from E. variegatus , the only species with which it can be confounded. The smell is very powerful, in which respect again it does not agree with Vittadini’s species. It is, indeed, probable that it will prove new, but on the authority of a single individual, not in very good con- dition, it would be rash to do more than indicate its nearest affinity. The outer rind in the specimen when gathered was black, the inner of a dull yel- lowish-white . — M.J.B. 2260. Elaphomyces variegatus. Vitt. “ Rough-coated Elaphomyces.’' Mycelium yellow (or yellowish-grey), inconspicuous ; cortex thick, hard, ochraceous-yellow or golden-yellow, rough, with thick pyramidal and obtuse, or narrow, pointed, and fragile warts, or only granulated ; peridium reddish-brown and varie- gated ; asci 2-4 spored ; sporidia opaque, blackish-brown. — Vitt. Tub. t. 4,/. 4. Sturm, iii. 19-20, t.§. E. muricatus. Eng. FI. v. p. 307. Gorda. Ic. vi. t. 10,/. 97. Berk. exs. no. 306. In mountain woods, &c. Differing from E. granulatus in its more muncated surface, less deep black, and smaller sporidia, but essentially in the substance of the coriaceous covering, being variegated with brown dots. Sporidia ’02-*022 m.m. diameter. 750 TUBERACEI, 2261. Elaphomyces gzanulatus. Fr. “ Granulated Elaphomyces.” Mycelium yellowish, soon vanishing ; cortex yellow, at length tawny and brown, minutely papillate ; papillae adpressed, obtuse, or punctiform ; peridium fragile, whitish, or reddish, when dry white ; asci 1-8 spored ; sporidia thick, rufous, or blackish purple. — Fr . S.M. iii. p. 58. Vitt. Lycop. t. 3,/. 7. Tul. Hyp. t. 19,/. 4. Berk. exs. no. 279. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. t. i. /. 3, t. 2,/. 7, t. 4,/. 3. Sturm, iii. 19-20, t. 8. Eng . FI. v.p. 306. Nees.f. 147. BerJc. Ann. N.H. no. 211, 1. 11,/. 10. In dry heathy ground. [Low. Carolina.] The central substance when young is tender and juicy, and consists of filaments spotted with fertile patches. The filaments of the interstices are loose, and but little complicated, whereas those of the fructifying spots are more closely packed, short, and branched, their tips swelling, and gradually giving rise to large globose utricles, containing the sporidia. Sporidia ‘025-'03 m.m. diameter. (Fig. 354.) Order XXX . PH A CIDIA CEI. « Keceptacle more or less coriaceous or carbonaceous ; disc at length exposed by the regular or irregular fissure of the outer coat. — Berk. Outl.p. 379. Intr.p. 283. The perithecia are elongated, sometimes branched, or, when circular, rat her orbicular than spherical. In the linear species the form of the aperture de- pends upon the form of the perithecium,or excipulum,the margins of which are rounded. In other cases the disc is exposed by the mere fissure of the walls, as in Pliacidium , and this fissure may either be simple or compound, radiating from a central point, and forming triangular lobes.— Berk.Intr.jp. 283. Perithecia bursting with valvular teeth . . Pliacidium. Perithecia globoso-depressed, at length open . Heterosphceria . Perithecia continent, opening by flexuous fissures Rhytisma. Perithecia labiate, splitting from the centre. . Triblidium. Perithecia labiate, opening longitudinally . . Hysterium. Perithecia horny, sporidia united at the base . Sporomega . Perithecia flexuose, lips divergent . . . Colpoma. Perithecia linear, simple or branched, asci sac- ciform AilograpKum . Perithecia stellate Actidium . Perithecia stipitate, wedge shaped . . . Lophium . Perithecia orbicular, with a deciduous operculum Stegia. Disc innate, erumpent Trochila . PHACIDIACEI, 751 Gen . 320. PHACIDIUM, Fr. Perithecium bursting irregularly in tbe centre, by yalyular teeth. — Berk, Outl.p. 379. (Fig, 355.) 2262. Phacidium pint. Schm. “ Scotch-fir Phacidium.” Erumpent, subrotund, truncato-disciform , black ; perithecia with the lacinise obtuse; disc dingy; spori- dia colourless, very long, multiseptate, often with a filiform termination. — Fr, S.M, ii. p.572. A. fy S. t. 5 ,/ 8. Linn, Trans, xxiy. t, 25,/. 36. Fees. f. 399. Schm. M.H. i. t. 2,/. 11 . Fries exs. no. 62. Eng . FI. y. p. 292. Tul. Carp.iii.p.136. Fckl. exs. no. 1095. On bark of Pinus sylvestris. Scattered, sub-innate, 1-2 lines broad, sometimes irregular, depressed, smooth, at first shining, then opaque,, at length broken up ; stratum under the disc softer, flesh white. “ Sporidia colourless, very long, multiseptate, often tapering more at one end than the other, each extremity being ex- tended into a filiform prolongation.’’ 2263. Phacidium caarbonaceum. Fr. “Black-powdered Phacidium.” Erumpent, subrotund, unequal, black, dehiscing into obtuse laciniee ; disc dry, blackish. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 574. Fries, exs . no. 210. Eng. FI. v.p. 292. On twigs of willows. Spring. Gregarious, at first covered with the epidermis, subinnate, convex, black, rather shining ; then depressed, opaque ; lacinise unequal ; disc black, as if powdered with charcoal. 2264. Phacidium vaccinii. Fr. “ Bilberry Phacidium.” Spermogonia. — Spermatia simple, cylindrical, straight, obtuse. Ascophore. — Erumpent, minute, conyex, shining, rugose, splitting into four lacinise ; disc sooty-black ; sporidia lanceo- Fig. 355. 752 PHACIDIACEI. late, straight, simple, hyaline. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 575. Eng. FI. v. p. 292. Fries, exs. no. 289. Sph. arbuti , Sow. t. 370,/. 6. On leaves of Vaccinium Vitis Idcea{ and Arbutus Uvaursi ?) 2265. Phacidium coronatum. Fr. ‘‘Crowned Phacidium.” Innate, orbicular, hemispherical, depressed, blackish, splitting into many acute laciniae ; disc yellowish ; paraphyses curved at the tips ; sporidia colourless, cylindrical, curved at the ends ; about eight times as long as broad, with 6-8 nuclei. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 577. Batsch.f. 152. Fckl.exs.no. 1096. Sow. 1. 118. FI. Dan. 1. 1380. Pers. Ic. Piet. 1 . 10,/. 1. Berk. exs. no. 195. Sturm, t. 63. Fries, exs. no. 163. Schm. exs. no. 82. Moug. exs. no. 559. Eng. FI. v.p. 292. Bolt. t. 109,/. 1. Grev. t. 52. Linn. Trans. xxiv. t. 25,/ 7. Mag. Zool. Bot. no. 58, 1 . 15,/. 5. Tul. Carp. iii. p. 134. On fallen leaves of oak, &c. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] “ Disc variable in colour, sometimes circumscribed with a black line. ,, Sporidia *06-‘08 m.m. (*0023-*003 in.) long. 2266. Phacidium dentatum. Fr. “ Toothed Phacidium.” Spermogonia. — Spermatia minute, cylindrical, curved. Ascophore. — Quadrate, seated on pallid spots, black, splitting into 4 or 5 acute laciniae ; disc dirty yellow ; asci linear-oblong ; sporidia filiform. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 577. Moug. exs. no. 561. Schm. exs. no. 206. Fckl. exs. no. 1090. Eng. FI. v.p. 292. Corda. iii. f. 81. Ayres, exs. no. 71. Tul. Carp, iii .p. 132. Berk. exs. no. 93. On fallen oak leaves. Common. [Low. Carolina.] Asci *08 m.m. long. 2267. Phacidium minutissimum. Awd. “ Minute Phacidium.” Hypophyllous, gregarious, minute, innate, rounded or angular, brown, soon splitting from the centre in 3-4 laciniae, exposing the whitish disc; asci minute, clavate ; sporidia oval, simple. — Rabh. F.E. no. 228. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 263. Fckl. exs. no. 1098. On oak leaves. Shere. Dr. Capron. 2268. Phacidium abietinum. Selim. “ Fir leaf Phacidium.” Erumpent, sub-rotund, convex, then depressed, black, splitting into 3-4 obtuse laciniae ; disc cinereous ; asci stipitate, oblong- PHACIDIACEI. 753 ovate ; sporidia oblong, minute. — Kze. M.H. \.p. 35. Fr. S.M. ii .p. 576. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 262. On leaves of Scotch fir. (A. Jerdon.) Orbicular or subovate ^-1 line broad, opaque, allied to P. lacerum. — Fries . 2269. Phacidium repandum. Fr. “ Repand Phacidium. ,, Innate, subrotund, pallid-green, at length black, splitting into unequal obtuse lacinise ; disc dingy-brown ; asci linear ; spores oblong, minute. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 578. A. § S. t. 14, /. 6. Eng. FI. v.p. 293. Cooke L.F . no. 81. Cooke exs. no. 283. On stems and leaves of various plants. The habit, size, and general appearance is more like that of a Peziza or Ascobolus than a Phacidium. The plants on which it occurs (as Asperula odorata and Sherardia) are often still living when the parasite makes its ap- pearance. Fuckel considers that three species are confounded together under Phacidium repandum. Fr. 2270. Phacidium trifolii. Bond. “ Clover Phacidium.” Sessile, epiphyllous, minute, rather plane, smooth, pale yellow ; sporidia elliptical, rather small, sometimes with a nucleus at each end. — Bond . Ann. Sc. Nat . (1869). x. p. 69. Ascobolus Trifolii Biv.Bernh St. rar. t. 6,/. 3. Berk. exs. no. 69. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 165. j Desm. exs. no. 520. Berk. Eng. FI. v.p. 209. Outl.p. 374. Cooke Seem. Journ. May (1864). Cooke exs. no. 331. Pseudopeziza tri- folii , Fckl . Sym. Myc.p. 290. On living clover leaves. [Mid. Carolina.] 2271. Phacidium ranunculi. Desm. “ Crowfoot Phacidium.” Hypophyllous, spots indeterminate, uniform, black, erumpent, subgregarious, unequal ; sporidia pyriform, or obovate, with a septum towards the narrow end. — Dothidea Banunculi , E7ig. FI. v.p. 287. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 562? Cooke exs no. 280. Berk. exs. no. 347. On fading leaves of Ranunculus repens , &c. The asci and sporidia are large for the size of the plant. 2272. Phacidium ilicis. Fries. “ Holly Phacidium.” Stylospores. Stroma containing 3-5 cells, orbicular, plane, black, shining, penetrating the matrix, splitting into 3-5 plane, short lacinise. — Ceuthosporaphacidioides,Grev.t. 253. Eng. Fl.v. p. 283. Moug. exs. no. 560. D.C. Mem. Mus. ii. t. 3,/. 8. var. b. pulveracea. Disc pulverulent ; cells sub-triangular, circinating ; spores white. — Desm. exs. no. 1626. B.fyBr.Ann. 754 PHACIDIACEI. N.H. no. 437* Cytispora foliicola, Lib. exs. no. 64. C. pulverocea , Eng. FI. v. p. 283. Ascophore. — S ub-innate, convex, black, dehiscing in 3-5 lacinias ; disc whitish ; asci clavate ; sporidia minute, sausage shaped. — Fres. Beitr. t. 8,/. 17-21. Tul. Carp. iii. p. 138. P. multivalve , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 576. Sph. bifrons , Sow. t. 316. S. Hederce, Fees. f. 53. On dead holly leaves. Scotland ( A . Ji). 2273. Phacidium simulatum. B. $ Br. “ Mint Phacidium.” Erumpent, cup- shaped, margin irregular ; disc linear, red- brown ; sporidia obovate, binucleate. — B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 967, 1. 16,/. 20. On dead stems of Clinopodium. Langridge, Somerset. Linear but cnp-sbaped, erumpent with an irregular margin ; disc linear, red-brown j asci clavate; sporidia obovate ('0004 inch), *01 m.m. long binu- cleate. 2274. Phacidium mb i. Fr. 11 Bramble Phacidium. , ’ Innate, roundish, hemispherical or plane, rugulose, black ; splitting into obtuse, unequal laciniae ; disc whitish ; paraphyses curved at the tips; sporidia linear, rounded at the ends with 6-8 nuclei. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 578. Fries, exs.no. 56. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 586. On dead bramble stems. Spring. Gen. 321. HETEROSPHJEREA, Grev. Perithecium globoso-depressed, thin, black, at length open above, and irregularly torn ; disc thick, placentae- form. — Berk. Outl.p. 379. ( Fig. 356.) 2275. Heterospheeiia patella. Grev. “ Depressed Heterosphseria.” Erumpent, sessile, free, at first more or less olivaceous, at length black, even ; disc depressed, rarely open, dirty white, and then crowned with a toothed border ; sporidia biseriate, oval, elongate, slightly Fig. 356. PHACIDIACEI. 755 curved, mostly uniseptate, when quite mature triseptate. — Grev . t. 103. Fr. El, ii. p. 133. Fries, exs. no. 369. Cooke exs.no. 276. Moug.exs.no. 4:85. Baxt. exs.no. 30. Tode.f. 121. Fckl.exs.no. 1117. Phacidium patella, Eng. FI. v. p. 291. Berk. exs. no. 289. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Spring. Sporidia (‘0007 in.), *0177 m.m. long. Seldom found with perfect fruit. (Fig. 356.) Gen. 322. RHYTISMA, Fr. Perithecia forming a confluent mass, opening by flexuous fissures. — Berk. Outl.p. 379. {Fig. 357.) 2276. Rhytisma maximum. Fr. “ Great Rhytisma.’ Subinnate, very broad, even lobed at the circumference, burst- ing in fragments, stratum under the disc white; sporidia ovate, uniseriate. — Fr. S.M . ii. p. 566. Eng. Fl.v. p. 290. Tul . Carp. iii. p. 122, £. xvi. /. 9-15. Fries, exs. no. 250. Sph. aurea , Sow.t. 356. Forming bullate black patches on the young branches, adnate with the epidermis, shining in the centre dull towards the lobed margin ; lobes rounded, with or without a golden yellow border, sometimes confluent and extending several inches. Sporidia ‘002-*0026 m.m. long, ‘Ol-’IS m.m. broad. Cryptomyces Wauchii , Grev. t. 206. Eng. FI. v. p. 214. Stictis Wauchii , Berk. Outl. p. 375, is referred by Tulasne to this species. 2277. Rhytisma andromedae. Fr. “ Andromeda Rhytisma.” Innate, oblong, costato -rugose, shining ; disc dingy cinereous- brown. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 566. Sturm, t. 46. Mem. Mus. iii. t. 3,/. 13. Fries, exs. no. 135. Moug. exs. no. 176. Eng. FI. y.p. 290. On living leaves of Andromeda polifolia. “-Resembling pitch poured upon the leaves.” 2278. Rhytisma salicinum. Fr. “ Willow Rhytisma.” Innate, thick, tuberculose, black, somewhat shining, bursting in scales ; disc yellowish, straw-colour, white within ; asci linear- clavate ; sporidia filiform or lanceolate, straight or curved — Fr. Fig. 35 7. On willow branches. 756 PHACIDIACE1. S.M. ii.p. 568. Grev. t. 118,/. 2. Mem. Mus. iii. t. 3,/. 5. Nees. f 20. Pers. Disp. t. 2,/. 4. Schm. exs. no . 37. Moug . no . 175. Eng. FI. Y.p. 2 90. Tul. Carp. iii. p. 119, 2. 15, /. 13-22- Fc&Z. no. 1084, 1085. Berk. exs. no. 43. On willow leaves. Common. [Low. Carolina.] The plant does not appear with an open disc until the spring, the dead leaves having laid on the ground through the winter, when, as in the next species, the fruit is matured ; sporidia *1 m.m. long, {Fig. 357.) 2279. Rhytisma aceriimm. Fr. “ Maple Rhytisma.” Spermogonia. — Epiphyllous, scattered or continent, forming black, suborbicular pustular spots, encircled with a discoloured zone ; spermatia cylindrical, linear, hyaline, straight or curved, •0065 m.m. long. — Melasmia acerina , Lev . Ann. Sc. Nat. 1846, p. 276. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 443. Ascophore. — Innate, spots irregular, confluent, rugose, burst- ing by flexuose labiate fissures ; disc growing pale ; asci obovate- lanceolate ; sporidia filiform-lanceolate, flexuose. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 569. Bull. t. 504,/. 13. Berk. exs. no. 194. Cooke exs. no. 181. Nees.f. 21. Mem. Mus. iii. t. 3,/. 9. Grev. 1. 118,/. 1. Schm. exs. no. 105. Moug. exs . no. 77. Eng. FI. v. p. 290. Tul. Carp. iii. p. 117, t.xv.f. 9-12. Fckl. exs. no. 1082. On sycamore and maple leaves. Common. [United States.] Sporidia *08 m.m. long. 2280. Rhytisma punctatum. Fr. “ Punctate Rhytisma.” Innate, crowded, angular or roundish, rugose, shining black, bursting in little fragments, internally brownish-black ; sporidia linear, the length of the ascus, hyaline. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 569. Mem. Mus. iii. t. 3,/. 4. Eng. FI. y.p, 291. Moug. exs. no. 477. On sycamore leaves. [Mid. Carolina.] It is doubtful whether this is really distinct from the foregoing. I think not, but never having met with perfect fruit it is inserted. 223X. Rhytisma urticae. Fr. “ Nettle Rhytisma.’' Innate, cohering in an elongated, ambient crust, tubercles slightly prominent, even, bursting by a slightly flexuous fissure ; sporidia filiform, the length of the ascus. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 570. Eng. FI. Y.p 291. Fries, exs. no. 209. Moug. exs. no. 865. Fckl. exs. no. 1089. Cooke exs. no. 392. On nettle stems. Winter and spring. PHACIDIACEI. 757 Gen. 323. TR2BX.IB2UM, Keb. Perithecium labiate, splitting from tbe centre towards the cir- cumference. — Berk. Outl. p. 379. (Fig. 358J 2282. Txiblidium caliciifoxme. Pel. “ Solitaryjriblidium Solitary, sub-sessile, globoso- depressed, rugoso-yerrucose from minute cracks, opaque, black, bursting with obtuse lacinise ; disc pallid ; asci cylindrical, tetrasporous; sporidia broadly elliptical, fenestrate. — Fr. S.M. \i.p. 183. Pers. M.E.i. t. 2,/. 3, 4. Fckl. exs. no. 1101. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 775. Chev . t. 8,f. 9. PAa- cidium caliciiforme , Eng. FI. v.p. 291. On branches of lime and oak. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia variable in length, sometimes (’002 in.) *05 m.m. (Fig. 358.J Fig. 358. Gen. 324. HYSTRRXUM, Tode. Fig. 359. Perithecium labiate, border entire ; orifice narrow, linear ; asci elongated. — Berk. Outl.p. 380. Fr. S.M . ii.^. 579. {Fig. 359.) Sub-Gen. a. Genuine. Sporidia ovoid or ellipsoid, tri- or multi-septate, or muriform, mostly coloured. 2283. Hystexium pulicaxe. Pers. “ Common Hysterium.” Superficial, elliptic or oblong, longitudinally striate, black ; lips obtuse ; disc linear ; asci clavate ; paraphyses filiform ; sporidia oblong, triseptate, brown, the terminal joints soon hya- line. — Duby. Hist. p. 25. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 579. Mich. t. 54,/. 2. 758 PHACIDIACEI. Nees.f. 302. Moug . exs. no. 266. Grev. t. 167,/. 1. Eng . JF7. v.j9. 293. Corda . v ./. 61. Desm. exs . wo. 779. .Fc&Z. wo. 749. On trunks of trees. Common. [United States.] The sporidia are at first uniseptate and hyaline, but ultimately become triseptate and brown. Sporidia ('00075-‘0009 in.) *018-*022 m.m. 2284. Hysterium angustatum. A. fy S. “Narrow Hysterium.” Superficial, elongated, linear, nearly smooth, black, opaque ; asci cylindrico-clavate ; sporidia oblong, triseptate, brown. — A. S. Consp. no. 158. Rabh. exs. no. 720. On twigs, bark, wood, &c. This species is evidently as common as H. pulicare,foo m which the sporidia differ in being considerably smaller (*(J004-'0005 in.) *01-'0125 m.m., with the terminal joints coloured. The sporidia in H. pulicare are '00025 in. broad, whilst in this species not more than '00015 in. 2285. Hysterium repandum. Blox. “ Eepand Hysterium.” Perithecia almost free, elliptic ; the lips well rounded ; aper- ture gaping ; asci rather short ; sporidia broadly cymbiform, brown, the apex at one end very slightly elongated and hyaline. — Duby Hyst.p. 27, M,/.6. B. fyBr.Ann. if.#. (1866), wo. 1181, t. 5,/. 38. On rotten stumps. Twycross. Sporidia (*0006-’0007 ia*) '015-'0177 m.m. long. 2286. Hysterium varium. Ft. “ Variable Hysterium.” Scattered over pallid spots ; perithecia elliptic, subimmersed, with a slight keel, and very obscure aperture, quite even ; asci elongated ; sporidia uniseriate, elliptic, slightly pointed at either end, uniseptate, nucleate. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 582. Duby Hyst. p. 28. B. $ Br. Ann.N.H. (1866), wo. 1180, t. 5,/. 37. On decorticated branches of yew. April. Wynd Cliff. Sporidia, with a large nucleus in each division ('001 in), '025 m.m. long, by ('0005 in.) *0127 m.m. broad. At first hyaline, at length pale brown. 2287. Hysterium Rousselii. Be Not. “ Roussel’s Hysterium.” Erumpent, oblong or linear, obtuse, parallel, or irregularly disposed, black, opaque, longitudinally striate ; asci subcylindri- cal ; sporidia oblong, more or less constricted in the middle, 3-5 septate, fenestrate, hyaline, then more or less brownish. — Duby. PHACIDIACEI. 759 Hyst.p. 28, t. i ./. 7. Moug. exs . wo. 1184. Ztesm. wo. 184. Fckl. exs. no. 751. On twigs. [N. America.] Probably not uncommon. It has been collected by F. Currey, Esq., and Dr. Capron. 2288. Hysterium elongatum. Walil. “ Elongated Hysterium.” Superficial, oblong, straight, nearly even, opaque, black; lips swollen ; disc linear ; asci broadly clayate ; paraphyses filiform ; apices clavulate ; spores biseriate, ovato-oblong 8-9 septate, at length dark-brown. — Fr. S.M.ii.p. 581. Berk. Outl.p 380. Duby Hyst.p. 29, 1. 1 ,/. 9. Corda. t. 9,/. 62. Eng . FI. v. p. 298. Fckl. exs. no. 1754. On decorticated wood, and rose stems. [S. Carolina.] The sporidia are very fine. 2239. Hysterium fraxini. Pers. " Ash Hysterium.” Erumpent, elliptic, hard, black ; lips swollen, even ; disc linear ; asci broad, clayate ; paraphyses filiform ; sporidia large, oblong, at first pale, then intense oliye-brown, at first uniseptate, at length transversely and longitudinally multiseptate (muriform). — Duby Hyst.p. 29. Fr.S.M. ii.j9. 585. Fckl. exs. no. 747. Desm.exs. no. 88. Bablfi. exs. no. 167. Letell. t. 651,/. 2. Cookeexs. no. 398. Moug. exs. no. 267. Grev. t. 72. Pers. Syn. t. 2,/. 5-8. Baxt. exs. no. 33. Eng. FI. v.p. 294. Sphceria sulcata , Bolt. 1 . 124. Sow . t. 315. On small ash branches. Common. [Low. Carolina.] {Fig. 359.) 2290. Hysterium cuzvatum. Fr. “ Curved Hysterium,” Erumpent, then superficial, prominent, aggregate, linear, elon- gated, flexuose or incurved, black, shining, whitish within ; lips rather swollen, connivent, longitudinally striate, mouth linear ; asci clavate, or somewhat cylindrical ; paraphyses filiform, thick- ened at the apex ; sporidia ellipsoid, hyaline, multi-nucleate, at length fenestrate. — Fr. El. ii . p. 138. Duby Hyst. 31. B. Br. Ann.N.H. no. 587. H. elongatum , j3. Fr. El. ii ,p. 138. On branches of sloe, rose and bramble. Sporidia ( , 0005- , 0006 in.), *0125- , 015 m.m. long, by (*00015 in.) *0035 m.m. broad. 760 PHACIDIACEI. 2291. Hysteimm Carmichaelianum. Berk. “Carmichael’s Hysterium.” Superficial, substipitate, short, linear, or subelliptic, black, opaque, not even ; lips obtuse, inflexed ; asci and sporidia ? — Berlc. Eng . FI. v .p. 294. Hysterium varium, Grev . t. 233. On smooth oak bark. Appin. This species rests entirely upon Greville’s figure, and must he regarded as doubtful. Dr. Curtis quotes it as found on bark of Liquidanibar in Lower Carolina. Sub-Gen . b. Glonium. Sporidia bilocular, hyaline. 2292. Hysterium (Glonium) lineare. Fr. “ Linear Glonium.” Subimmersed, crowded, parallel, linear, black ; lips slightly swollen, even ; disc linear ; asci clayate or clavato-cylindrical ; sporidia ovoid, hyaline, rarely subconstricted in the middle. — Fr. S.M.ii.p. 583. Nees. f. 303. Moug. exs.no. 563. Grev. t. 167, f. 2. Eng. FI. v. p. 294. Glonium linear e, Duby Hyst. p. 35. On wood. [United States.] 2293. Hysterium (Glonium) amplum. Duby. “ Broad Glonium .” Perithecia congregated together, or crowded, subdepressed, furcate and branched ; asci elongato-clavate ; sporidia biseriate, uniseptate, not constricted, hyaline. — Duby Hyst. p. 37. Ailo- graphum amplum , B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 782. On decaying stems of Rubi. Twycross. Sub-Gen. c. Hypoderma. Asci clavate, attenuated below ; sporidia cylindrical, curved (sausage-shaped), hyaline, rarely septate. 2294. Hysterium (Hypoderma) ilicinum. De Not. “ Oak- leaf Hysterium.” Epiphyllous, scattered, elliptic, obtuse, grey-black, about twice as long as broad ; lips convex, tumid, at first connivent, then di- vergent ; disc whitish ; asci clavate, pedicellate ; sporidea linear- cylindrical, somewhat curved, obtuse, hyaline 2-4 celled . — Duby PHACIDIACEI. 761 Hyst . p. 40. IF. foliicolum , ry. macular e BerJc. Eng . 2*7. v.y>. 296, Berk . wo. 95. H. maculare , Grev. t. 129,/. 2. On dry oak leaves. [Low. Carolina ?] 2295. Hystexium (Hypodexma) vixgultoxum. Z>.(7. “Twig Hysterium.” Snbinnate, longitudinally placed, elongated, acute, even, shining, black, at length gaping, internally grey ; asci clavate, obtuse, longly pedicellate ; paraphyses filiform; sporidia hyaline, linear- ellipsoid, obtuse at both ends. — Hyst. Rubi , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 587. Eng. FI. v. p. 295. Schm. exs. no. 80. Moug . exs. no. 564. Grev. t. 24. Lib. exs. no. 177. Desm. exs. ii. no. 172-178. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 8, ser. xx. 1. 15,/. 10-14. Fckl. exs.no. 757. On dead stems of bramble. [United States.] 2296. Hystexium (Hypodexma) commune. Fr. “ Common Hysterium.” Spermogonia. — Simple, subrotund, variable, rugulose, shining, at length seceding ; spermatia simple, minute. — Leptostroma vul - gare,Fr . S.M. ii. p. 599. B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H.no . 205. Moug. exs. no. 674. Fckl. exs.no. 197. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. iii. t. 20, p. 155. Ascophore. — Innate, oblong, obtuse, opaque, black; lips sub- rugose, fragile; disc dingy ; asci more or less elongated from the base,ovato-clavate; sporidia hyaline, linear, obtuse ; paraphyses filiform, flexuose, short. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 589. Letell. t . 650,/. 5. Rabh. exs. ii. no. 576. B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H . no. 588. Fckl. exs. no. 755. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. [United States.] 2297. Hystexium (Kypoderma) hedexae. Be Not. “Ivy Hysterium,” Amphigenous, scattered, innato-superficial,elliptico-ovate, black, shining ; lips acute at the edge, at first tumid, connivent, at length depressed ; disc brown-black ; asci clavate ; paraphyses thickened at the apex ; sporidia oblong-ovoid, straight, hyaline. — Duby Hyst. p. 42. H. Hederce , Corda v. t. 9, f. 5. Rabh. exs. no. 1954. Desm. exs. ii. no. 180. H. foliicolum, j3- Hederce Fr. Eng . FI. v. p. 294. Moug. exs. no. 1075. Lib. exs. no. 72. Grev.t % 129,/. 1. Fckl. exs. no. 756. On ivy leaves. Often sealed on a pale spot. 2 K 762 PHACIDIACEI. 2298. Hysterium (Hypoderma) conigenum. Fr. “ Fir-cone Hysterium Erumpent, small, punctiform, shining, bursting by a longitu- dinal fissure ; asci clayate ; sporidia cylindrical, obtuse, straight, or curved. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 586. Moug. exs . no. 75. Eng. FI. Y.p. 294. On fallen cones of Scotch fir. Shere. ( E. C.) (t Confined to the upper and exposed part of the scales.” Excluded by Duby (Hyst. p. 52) as not belonging to the Hysteriacece, but evidently a good species. Sub-Gen. d. Lophodermium. Asci dehiscent, clavate ; sporidia filiform. 2299. Hysterium (Lophodermium) xylcmoides. Chev. “ Leaf Hysterium. , ’ Innato- superficial, scattered, elliptic, obtuse, slightly swollen, even, black, opaque ; lips broad, depressed ; asci clavate, acutely pedicellate ; sporidia hyaline, filiform, parallel in the ascus, flexuous and contorted when free. — Duby Hyst. 1, p. 45. Pers. Ic. § Desc. ii. 1. 10,/. 3, 4. H. foliicolum , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 592. Fjng. FI. Y.p. 296 (partly ). Lib. exs. no. 72. Desm. exs. no. 995. Rabh. exs. ii. no. 156. Fckl. exs. no. 742. Berk. exs. no. 196. On dry leaves of Rosacece and berberry. Common on haw- thorn leaves. [United States.] 2300. Hysterium (Lophodermium) melaleucum. Fr. Hypophyllous, innate, elliptic, even, black ; lips sub-conni- vent, white ; asci clavate, not pedicellate ; sporidia filiform, pale yellow. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 589. Eng. FI. v. p. 295. Fr. Obs. i. t. 2, f. 1. Selim, exs. no. 81. Moug. exs. no. 654. Grev. t. 88. Lib. exs . no. 178. Fckl. exs.no.13Q. On dead leaves of Vaccinium Vitis Idcea. Scotland. 2301. Hysterium (Lophodermium) maculare. Fr. “Spot Hysterium.” Seated on pallid spots, innate, oval, subdepressed, even, prui- liose, black ; lips rufescent ; asci clavate, scarcely attenuated at the base ; sporidia filiform, hyaline. — Fr. S.M . ii.p. 592. Duby Hyst.p . 45. Fries, exs . no. 167. Moug. exs. no. 1072. Desm. exs • PHACIDIACEI. 763 ii. no. 561. Grev. t. 129, f. 2. Lib . exs. no. 370. Berk. Outl. p . 380. Fckl. exs. no. 1762. On leaves of Vaccinium . 2302. Hysterium (Xophodermium) pinastri. Schrad. “ Pine-leaf Hysterium.” Epiphyllous, innato -immersed, oval-oblong, longitudinally striate, blackish, opening with an elliptic mouth ; disc livid ; asci elongated, clavate, not pedicellate ; sporidia filiform, hya- line, incrassated at the apex. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 587. Eng. FI. v.p. 295. Feld, exs . no. 734. Coolce exs. no. 396. Schrad. J. Bot. t. 3, /. 4. Moug.exs.no. 76. Schm.exs.no. 135. Grev. t. 60. Tul. Carp. iii.yn 113. ‘On pine leaves. Common. [United States.] 2303. Hysterium (Lophodermium) juniper ilium. Be Not. “ Juniper Hysterium.” Hypophyllous, minute, at first punctiform, innato-emergent, scattered, convex or flattened, elliptic, obtuse, scarcely rising above the matrix, black, shining ; lips closely connivent, at length opening by a narrow fissure ; asci clavate, sessile ; spori- dia filiform, straight or curved. — Duby Hyst . p. 46. Grev. t. 26. Cooke exs.no. 395. Rabh. exs. no. 1658, ii. 445. H. Pinastri , Q. Juniperinum,Fr. S.M. ii .p. 588. Desm . exs. no. 780, ii. 183. Eng. FI. v.p. 295. Fckl. exs. no. 735. On Juniper leaves. Perithecia scarcely one and a kalf times as long as broad. Asci *001 m.m. long. 2304. Hysterium (Lophodermium) arundinaceum. Schrad. “ Reed Hysterium.” Innate, oval, depressed, rugulose, opaque, brownish-black, opening longitudinally, at length gaping ; asci clavate, not pedicellate ; sporidia filiform, hyaline.— Fr. S.M.ii.p. 590. Berk. exs.no. 94. Fckl.exs.no. 737 . Cooke exs. no. 394. Moug.exs.no. 655. Fries exs. no. 328. Eng. jF 7. v.y?. 295. Desm. exs. no. 85. Rabh. exs. i. no. 1151, ii. no. 34, i;no. 357, ii. no. 575. H. cul- migenum , Fr. Obs. ii. t. 7,/. 3. Fckl. exs. no. 738. Fr. exs. no. 97. Desm. exs. no. 238. Eng. FI. v. p. 296. Grev. t. 87. On sheaths of reeds and grasses. [Mid. Carolina.] 2 k 2 764 PHACIDIACEI. 2305. Hystezium (Lophodeimium) typhinum. Fr. “Club- mace Hysterium.” Innate, oblong, covered by the bullate epidermis, at length naked, black ; lips slightly swollen, parallel ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia filiform, hyaline. — Fr . S.M . ii .p. 590. B . . 296 . FcJcl. exs. no. 1649 . Ascophore. — H ypophyllous, scattered, blackish, at length deeply collapsed ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia very shortly oval, almost round, sometimes with a large nucleus.— Fr. S.V.S. ii.j?. 367 . Feld. exs. no. 1113 . Cooke exs. no. 180 . Sph. craterium } Eng. FI. y.p. 277 . S . punctiformis , var. j3, Hederce , Grev. FI. Ed. Baxt. exs. no. 29 . Ayres, exs. no. 65 . On dead ivy leaves. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia nearly globose ,*0003 in.) *00/5 m.m. long.; (Fig. 366.) SPH^RIACEI. 769 Order XXXI. SPHJEEIA CEL Perithecia carbonaceous or membranaceous, sometimes confluent with the stroma, pierced at the apex, and mostly papillate ; hy- menium diffluent. — Berk. Outl. p. 381. A. Nectriaei ^ . 7 ^B. Xylariei > Compound. $ 0 6f C. Yalsei ) 1>. Sphasriei . . Simple. A. Nectricei. Stipitate — Clavate or capitate Head globose, base sclerotioid Parasitic on grass — Stroma mycelioid "Variable — Sporidia didymous, at length separating Sporidia didymous, ejected in tendrils — parasitic on fungi .... Stroma definite, peritbecia free, clustered or scat- tered Peritbecia erect, in a coloured sac .... TORRUBIA, Ley. Stroma vertical, fleshy, clavate or ca- pitate ; perithecia immersed ; sporidia linear, multi-septate, breaking up into fragments. — Tul. Carp. in. p. 4. Cordi - ceps , Fr . Berk. Outl. p. 881. (Fig. 367.) 2317. Toimbia entomo??hiza. Fr. “ Dickson’s Torrubia.” Fleshy, head subglobose, brown ; stem slender, long ; sporidia colourless, long, breaking up into joints. — Tul . Carp. iii. p. 14, t. 1,/. 12-18. Cor dy ceps entomorr - hiza , Fr. S.M. ii.p. 824. Dicks. t.Z,f. 8. Berk. Outl. t. 28,/. 5. Eng. FI. v.p. 282. Curr. Linn. Trans. xx ii. tAo,f. 6. Cooke exs. no. 187. 2k 5 Gen. 332 . Fig. 367. Torrubia. Clavicejos . Epichloe. y y 3 Hypocrea. Hypomyces. Nectria. Oomyces . J 770 SPF^RIACET. On dead lame and pupae of moths, buried on the ground. Autumn. [United States.] Head J in. long, broadly elliptic, quite distinct from tbe stem, changing from -chestnut to bright red-brown, minutely dotted with the ostiola, of a tough, fleshy consistence, nearly white within ; stem 2 inches high, 1 line thick, nearly equal, pale above, darker below, of the same colour as the head, slightly mottled, almost smooth, givingout at the base numerous root- like ti laments ; perithecia completely sunk in the flesh, much elongated, tapering to the orifice, brown, contents of the same colour. — M.J.B. {Fig. 3670 2318. Toriubia gracilis. B . “ Slender Torrubia.” Head roundish-ovate, even, brown ; stem rooting, .elongated, cylindrical, somewhat flexuous. — Tul. Carp, iii .p. 15. Cordyceps gracilis , Berk. Outl.p. 382. Eng. FI. v. p. 233. Grev. t . 86. D. M. FI. Alg. i. p. 449, t. 25, /. 2. On the ground in moist places (on larvae). Differs entirely from C. ophioglossoides in form, and in being destitute of any yellow tinge ; the sporidia are also different.— M. J.B. It is somewhat doubtful whether this is really distinct from T. entoyiorrhiza. 2319. Toarrubia militaris. Fr. “ Red Torrubia.’* Conidi A. — Subcsespitose, white ; stem distinct, simple, becoming smooth ; clubs incrassated, mealy ; conidia globose. — Isaria farinosa, Fr. S.M. \\\. p. 270. Link. JDiss.f.32. Sturm, t. 34. Nees. f. 85. Eng. Fl.y.p. 328. Bamaria farinosa, Sow. t. 308. Holms, i. f. 7. (Fig. 368.) Ascophore. — Fleshy, orange-red; head clavate, tuberculose; stem equal ; sporidia long, breaking up into joints. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 6, t. 1,/. 19-31. ' Fckl. exs . no. 1067. Fig. 368. Cordyceps militarise Fr. S.M. ii ,p. 325. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45, f. 3. Berk. Outl. t. 23, f. 6. Sphoeria militarise FI. Dan. t. 657 ,/. 1. Vaill. t. 7 ,/. 4. Buxb. iv. t. 66,/. 2. Nov. Act. N.G. iv. t. 7,/. 5. Bull. t. 496,/. 1. Bolt . t. 128. Sow. t. 60. Nees.f. 305. Purt. t. 23. Price./. 63 epartly. On pupae of moths buried in the ground. Aug. — Oct. [United States.] SPHiERIACEI. 771 2320. Torrubia myrmecophila. lul. " Ichneumon Torrubia.” Ochraceous white ; stem thread-shaped ; club ovoid, sterile below, ribbed above,— Tul. Carp. Hi. p. 19. Cordyceps myrmeco- phila . BerJc. Outl.p. 382. Hypocrea myrmecophila, Rabh. exs.no. 1033. B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 591. On an Ichneumon. May. Leigh Wood. 2321. Torrubia ophioglossoides. Tul. li Adder’s tongue Torrubia.” Fleshy ; head clavate, brownish-black ; stem rooting, olive, becoming blackish ; sporidia cylindrical, long, breaking up into joints. — Tul. Carp, iH.p. 20, t. 2 ,f. 1-9. Cordyceps ophioglossoides. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 324. Schmied. t. 5, lower jig. Bull. t. 440,/. 2. Pers. M.E. t. 10,/. 5-6. Eng. FI. v.p. 233. Moug. exs. no. 565. Fries, exs. no. 301. Schm. exs. no. 26. Berk. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 92, t. 7,f. 4. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45,/. 7. In woods on Elapliomyces muricatus. Oct. [Mid. Carolina.] Asci very long ; paraphyses extremely slender ; head |-1 in. or more long, yellow within, as well as the stem, which at the base divides into long roots, sometimes tufted ; joints of sporidia (*0001 in.) *0025 m.m. long. 2322. Torrubia capitata. Fr. “ Capitate Torrubia.” Fleshy, head ovato-globose, bay-brown; stem yellow, then blackish ; sporidia colourless, jointed, the joints rod-shaped or cylindrical. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 22, t. 2,f. 10-15. Cordyceps capi- tata , Fr. S.M. ii.p. 324. FI. Dan. t. 540. Bolt. t. 130. Sow. t. 354. Holm. i. p. 38. Pers. M.E. 1. 10,/.= 1-4. Eng. FI. v. p. 233. Moug. exs. no. 763. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45,/. 10. In pine woods on Elaphomyces granulatus. [Low. Carolina.] Often tufted ; stem 1-4 in. high, 2-4 lines thick, equal, smooth, lemon- coloured, at length fibroso-strigose and blackish. The colour of the head borders on yellow, red-brown, and black. — Fries . Joints of the sporidia (‘0003 in.) ‘0076 m.m. long. 2323. Torrubia (?) pistillariaeformis. B.&Br. “ Doubtful Torrubia.” Very small, club brown ; head oblong-ovate ; stem cylindrical, pallid, dilated at the base, sub-equal. — Cordyceps pistillariceformis, B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 969, 1. 16, /. 22, 772 SPH^RIACEI. On wych elm twigs. Nov. — Feb. Batheaston. Plant 2 lines high ; head oblong-ovate, granulated from the perithecia, which are sunk in its substance, rather longer than the pallid, cylindrical stem, which is slightly swollen at the base. Fruit unknown. Grows on a sclerotioid substance. — B . & Br . CLAVICEPS, Tul. Stroma sclerotioid, snb-cylindrical ; fructifying bead distinct, fleshy, sub- globose, coloured ; asci linear, thickened at the apex ; sporidia filiform. — Tul . Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, xx. p. 43. (Fig. 369.) 2324. Claviceps purpurea. Tul. “ Purple Claviceps.” Stroma. — Horn-shaped, cylindrical, externally sub-pruinose, purple-black, within white or purplish. — Sclerotium clavus , D.C. FI. Fr. vi .p. 115. Spermce- dia clavus , Fr. S.M. ii. 268, Eng. FI. y. 226. Secale cornutum . Bald. Diss. 1771, etmultis aliis , “ Ergot of Bye,” &c. Spermogonia ? — Effused, red ; stroma expanded ; spermatia curved. — Fusarium heterosporium , Fees. N. A. Cur. ix. 135. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H.no. 955. FcJcl. Sym. Myc.p. 186. Conidia. — Elliptical, moniliform, finally separating, with one or more granules. — Oidium abortifaciens , B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 545. Ergotetia abortifaciens , Queh. Linn. Trans, xviii. 471. Ascophore. — Fleshy, pale purple ; head globose, tubercu- lose ; stem short, flexuous ; sporidia filiform colourless, attenu- ated at each end, variable in length. — Tul. Ann . Sc. Nat. 1853, xx. t. 3. Cordyceps purpurea, Fr. S.M.ii.p. 325. Berk. Outl.p. 382. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45,/. 25. FI. Dan. t. 1781. Fckl. exs. no. 1068. On grains of corn and grasses. Sporidia (*002-*003 in.) *05- , 076m.m. (Fig. 369.) 2323. Claviceps microcephala. Tul . “ Small-headed Claviceps.” Stroma. — Horn shaped, cylindrical, blackish, internally whitish. — Sclerotium clavus, D.C* var. phragmitis, “ Keed Ergot,” &c. Gen. 333. Fig. 369. SPH^EEIACEI. 773 Ascophore. — Minute ; head globose ; stem long, slender, flexuous ; asci with a distinct hyaline knob at the apex ; spori- dia colourless, filiform, attenuated at either end. — Tul. Ann. Sc . Nat. 1853, xx. t. 4, 5. Feld. exs. no. 1069. Cordyceps microce- phala , Berk. Outl.p. 382. Sphceria Hoolceri , Eng. FI. v. p. 234 ? Curr. Linn. Trans. xxii.^>. 264. On seeds of reed, &c. Sporidia (*002- , 0034 in.) *05-*08 m.m. Claviceps nigricans, Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, xx. t. 4, f. 15-22. The stroma (ergot) is common enough in Britain on Eleocharis , but the mature Claviceps (ascophore) has not been found. Gen. 334 . EPXCHLOE, Fr. Parasitic on grass, coloured ; perithecia fleshy, immersed in a mycelioid stroma ; sporidia linear. — Fr. S. V . S. Tul . Carp. iii. p. 24. {Fig. 370.) 2326. Epichloe typhina. Berk. “ Grass Epicbloe.” Elongated, innate, surrounding the stem, dirty white, soon orange- yellow, at length granulated from the projecting ostiola; sporidia cylindrical, straight, with numer- ous nucleoli. — Tul. Carp.iii.p. 24. Fclcl. Sym. Myc. p. 186. Hypocrea typhina , Berk . Outl. p. 383. Dothidea typhina , Fr. S.M. ii. jo. 553. Sphceria typhina , Pers. Ic . cj- Dese. t. 7, /. 1. Eng. FI. v.p. 285. Moug. exs. no. 79. Fries, exs. no. 37. Schm. exs. no. 4. S. spiculifera , Sow. t. 274. Stroma - to spheria typhina, Grev. t. 204. On living grasses. Common. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] The grass affected with this curious parasite mimics the reed mace ( Typha) in its appearance. It surrounds the stalks to an extent varying from half an in. to 2 in., is white in its earliest state, but in a few days acquires the orange-yellow colour of maturity. — Johnst.Fl. Ber. (Fig* 370.) Fig. 370. 774 SPH2ERIACEI. HYPOCREA, Fr. Stroma variable ; perithecia fleshy, pallid or coloured, ovato- globose and obtuse ; asci eight spored; sporidia uniseriate, didy- mous, with two globose and equal cells, at length separating. — Fr. S.M . ii 385. Tul. Carp. iii./>. 29. {Fig. 871.) 2827. Ifypocsrea gelatinosa. Fr. “ Gelatinous Hypocrea.” Fleshy, convex, equal, opaque, internally whitish ; perithecia prominent- darker than the stroma ; sporidia colourless, squarish in the ascus, nearly round when free. — Fr. S.M. ii ,p. 33 §. Fries, exs. no. 304. Tode.J. 123, 124. FI. Dan. t. 1782,/. 1,2. Eng. FI. v. p. 238. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45,/. 33. Feld, exs . no. 993. On fir. Appin, &c [United States.] Variable in colour, yellow, green, umber, pallid, &c. Sporidia (*0002 in.) *005 m.m. long. 2328. Hypocrea rufa. Fr. “ Rufous Hypocrea.” Conidia.— Villous, white ; conidia globose, dusky green. — Trichoderma viride, Fers. Syn.p. 230. Fr. S.M. iii. j9. 215. Grev. t 271. Eng. FI. v. p. 323. Tode.f. 29. Bull. t. 504,/. 6. Sow. t. 378,/. 14. Fclcl. exs. no. 164. Ascophore. — Fleshy, convex, irregular, rufous, internally whitish, wrinkled when dry ; ostiola slightly prominent ; spori- dia sixteen, squarish, colourless. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 30, t. iii./. 1- 10. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 335. Fr.exs.no. 303. FI. Dan. 1. 1781,/. 2. Eng. FI. y.p. 238. Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45,/. 86. Fclcl . exs. no. 994. On oak, &c. [United States.] Sporidia (’00015 in.) *004 m.m. — Tul. (Tig. 371,) 2329. Hypocrea riccioidea. Berk. “ Lobed Hypocrea.” Large, fleshy, deeply lobed, orange ; sporidia oblong, unisep- tate. — Berk. Outl.p. 383. Sphceria riccioidea. Bolt. t. 182. Ann. Gen . 335 . Fig. 371. SPHJERIACEI. 775 N.H. no. 95. SpTiceria par melio ides, Mont . Ann. Sc. Nat. vi. 1. 18, /. 4. Acrospermum, Tode, t.2,f. 15, a. b. On willow. Eare. Halifax. 2330. Hypocrea vitalba. B.fyBr. " Clematis Hypocrea. ” Minute, brown, convex, sublobate ; peritbecia ovate ; sporidia biseriate, triseptate, fusiform, appendiculate, hyaline. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 829, t. 9,/. 8. On Clematis vitalba. Batheaston. Forming minnte groups of brown, convex, sometimes slightly lobed or con- fluent stromata ; perithecia ovate j ostiola obsolete ; asci cylindrical, clavate ; sporidia ('0022-*0025 in.) '05-'06 m.m. long ('00025 in.), ’007 m.m. wide, fusi- form, triseptate, hyaline, torulose, elongated at either end into a slender setiform appendage. — B. 4 Br. 2331. Hypocrea citrina. Fr. “ Lepion-coloured Hypocrea.” Fleshy, effused, nearly plane, lemon coloured ; ostiola promi- nent, brownish; sporidia 16, irregular, colourless. — -Fr. S.M. ii. p. 337. Grev.t. 215. Fr.exs. no. 31. Berlc. Eng . FI. v. p. 238. Berk. Outl. p. 383. Carr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46,/. 51. Fckl. exs. no. 996. On leaves, wood, &c. Appin. [United States.] Web-like stratum 2-5 inches broad, byssoidatthe margin, especially when young, attaching itself to everything lying in its way, plane, but undulated by the subjacent substances, yellow or tawny yellow. — Grev. 2332. hypocarea delicatula. Tul. “ Delicate Hypocrea ” Perithecia in byssoid patches, delicate, and quite smooth, at first pale yellowish, at length fawn-coloured ; asci straight, nar- rowly linear ; sporidia at first cubical, but when free becoming spherical. — Tul. Carp. in. p. 33, t. 4,/. 7-13. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iv. vol. xiii. p. 18. B. Br. Ann. N. H. (1866), no. 1176. Fir plantations. April. Wilts. This extremely interesting fungus is nearly allied to H. citrina , of which it has the habit. It forms patches which are easily separable from the matrix, of a delicate cream-colour, studded with fawn-coloured perithecia. — B. &Br. Sporidia ('0001 in.) '003 m.m.— Tul. 2333. Hypocrea alutacea. Fr. “ Tan-coloured Hypocrea.” Fleshy, soft ; head clavate, tan-coloured, pallid, confluent with the stem ; sporidia small, at first cylindrical, then didymous, with unequal cells, which afterwards separate. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 35, t. iv./. 1-6. Cordyceps alutacea , Fr. S.M. ii .p. 325. Sow. 1. 159. 776 SPHiERIACEI. Pers. Ohs . t. 2 ,/. 2 . FI. Dan. t. 300 . Nees.f. 304 . Eng. Fl.v.p* 235 . In fir woods, amongst leaves, and on furze. [Mid. Carolina.] Simple, 2-3 inches high, very even and brittle, at first dirty white, slightly villous, then quite smooth and even, tan-coloured, sometimes entirely white, at length tuberculated with the prominent perithecia. Head obtuse. — Frits* 2334. Hypocrea farinosa. B. <£ Br. “ Mealy Hypocrea.” Broadly expanded, white; perithecia crowded; hyaline, fari- nose ; asci filiform ; sporidia 16, elliptic. — B. fy* Br.Ann. JSf.H. no. 592. On fallen branches. Norths. On decayed Stereum. July. Chester. Spreading for some inches over decayed wood, on which it forms a thin white coat ; perithecia minute, subglobose, hyaline, nearly collapsed in the centre when dry, growing from a white, mealy subiculum j at first delicately cottony. Asci filiform, containing sixteen elliptic sporidia. Older individuals acquire a dull yellowish tinge. — B. Br. 2335. Hypocrea inclusa. B. & Br. “ Enclosed Hypocrea,” Subterranean, parasitic, wholly enclosed ; perithecia astomous, globose, hyaline, confluent ; asci linear ; sporidia right, globose. — B. fy Br. Ann. N. H. no. 970, 1. 17,/. 23. Parasitic in the flesh of Tuber pub erulum. Sept. Bristol. Occupying the place of the asci in the Tuber ; perithecia globose, hyaline, confluent ; asci short, linear. Sporidia (*00015-0002 in) *0035-*005 m.m. Gen. 336. EYPOMYCES, Tul. Parasitic on fungi ; mycelium bvs- soid ; perithecia small, globose, papil- late ; asci eight spored (rarely 2 or 4), without paraphyses ; sporidia uniseri- ate, lanceolate or elliptic, rarely obtuse, uniseptate, ejected in tendrils. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 38. Mycelium byssoid, colourless or coloured, parasitic on fungi of various kinds. Conidia of two kinds: (1) Microconidia or Conidia proper very copious, colourless, ovate, ellipsoid or cylindrical, simple or sep- tate even aerogenous, at first catenate, fasciculate or solitary ; (2) Chlamy- dosp’ores often fewer, commonly much thicker, variously coloured, echinate, rarely smooth, aero or meso-genous. Perithecia small, globose, with a short rostellum or papillate, smooth or sparsely hairy, immersed in the matrix or Fig. 372. SPHiEBIACEI. 777 hyphasma, or emerged and sessile. Asci long and narrowly linear or obovate, eight spores (rarely 2-4), commonly destitute of paraphyses j spores uniser- iate, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, often acute, rather shortly apiculate, rarely obtuse, even, granular, mostly bilocular, and a little un- eaual-sided, oozing out at length, in little irregular pallid tendrils.— Tulasne. {Fig. 372.) 2336. Hypomyces ochraceus. Tul. “ Ochrey Hypomyces.” Conidia. — Tufts effused, woolly, white ; flocci erect, septate, pellucid ; branches and branchlets subulate, patent, verticillate ; conidia oblong, diaphanous, attached by an apiculus to the tips of the branchlets. — Verticillium agaricinum , Corda. Ic. ii ./. 68. Botrytis agaricina , Ditm. Sturm . £.51. Grev. t. 126. Ascophore. — Crowded, perithecia roundish, yellowish, im- mersed, with a short, thick, obtuse, exserted mouth, seated upon an orange subiculum; sporidia oblong, lanceolate, uniseptate, constricted, mucronate at each extremity. — Tul. Carp. in. p. 41, t. vi ./. 19, 20, t. vii. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. (1866j, no. 1175*, t. 5,/. 35. Hypomyces armeniacus , Tul . Ann. Sc. Hat. (1860), xiii.y*. 12. Crypto splicer ia aurantia , Grev. t. 78. Curr. Linn. Trans, t. 57, f. 6 . On decaying fungi. Near Edinburgh. Perithecia minute, densely crowded, and appearing at first like broad, irre- gular, orange-yellow spots, which spread over the decaying lamellae of Agarics, and pores of Boleti ; the mouths of the perithecia protrude through a reddish-orange tomentose substance which forms a thin close web, and closely surrounds the base of the mouths, which are short and very obtuse. The perithecia, while young, are succulent, but at length become half ex- serted ; sporidia elliptical- oblong. — Grev. 1 This is, in all probability, Cryp» tomyces aurantia, Grev. t. 78.*’ — B.&Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1175*. {Fig. 372.) [Blastotrichum puccinioides. Preuss. Sturm, xxv. t. 11, is a state of this or some allied species, and has occurred at Batheaston.] 2337. Hypomyces aurantius. Tul. “ Orange Hypomyces.” Perithecia gregarious, subrotund, papillate, orange-red, emerg- ing from the effused subiculum ; sporidia elliptical, uniseptate ? — Tul. Carp, iii.p. 43. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), p. 127. Ann. N.H. (1865), no. 1102. Nectria aurantia , Berk. Outl. p. 393. Sph. aurantia, Eng. Fl.Y.p. 259. Sph. aurantia , Fr. S.M.ii.p. 440. Pers. Ic. fy Desc. 1. 11,/. 4. Nees.f.362. On Polyporus squamosus Ag. ostreatus. Gopsal — Flintshire, &c. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] As there was some doubt about Sjohceria aurantia, Eng. El. being the true plant of Persoon, it was omitted in the “Outlines.” It has now, how- ever, been found in abundance in Flintshire, on Polyporus squamosus., and it 778 SPMIRIACEI. is inserted under the generic name proposed by Tnlasne for some allied species. — B. & Br. There is a very pale honey-coloured variety, springing from a snow-white gubiculum, which accompanies the darker form. — B. &Br. Mr. Ourrey’s specimen on Polyporus hispidus probably belongs to this species. Sporidia elliptical (not acuminate or flexuous) '0005 in., Curr. Linn> Trans, t. 57 ,/• 7- 2338. Hypomyces rosellus. Tul. “ Roseate Hypomyces.” Conidia.— Flocci aggregate, very much branched, white; branchlets racemose ; conidia terminal, obovate-cylindrical, sep- tate . — j Dactylium dendroides, Fr. S.M. iii.p. 414. Eng. FI. v. p. 345. Tul. Carp. iii. t.v.f. 1-15. Cooke. Queh. Journ . (1870), t. 4. Mucor dendroides, Bull.t . 504,/. 9. Trichothecium agaricinum y Bon. Myc.f. 114-167. Ascophore.— Perithecia gregarious, globoso-oyate, papillate, deep rose-red, seated on a paler tomentose subiculum ; sporidia short, oblong, uniseptate. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 45, ii. t. 30, /. 6-9. Sph. rosella , Fr. S.M. ii .p. 441. Eng. FI. v. p. 259. Grev. t. 138. Nectriarosella, BerJc. Outl.p. 393. Ann. N.H.no. 971*, t. 17,/. 24 b. On Thelephora, &c. Appin, &c. The subiculum varies from pale to deep rose-red. Sporidia ('0005 in.) *0127 m.m, long. Hypomyces chrysospermus, Tul. is the ascigerous, or perfect condition of which Sepedonium chrysospermum is the conidia. Only the latter state has yet been recorded in Britain. 2339. Hypoaiayces luteo.virens. Tul. “ Greenish -yellow Hypomyces.” Effused, thin, dirty yellow, with a greenish tint ; perithecia emergent, ostiola crowded, brownish ; sporidia colourless, nar- rowly almond-shaped. — Tul. Carp, iii.p. 57, t. viii. /. 15,16. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), p. 128. Hypocrea luteo-virens , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 339. A. $ G. t. 6,/. 8. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 594, 1101*. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46,/. 53. On Boletus. Laxton. [Mid. Carolina.] Perithecia dull yellow orange colour, imbedded in a woolly subiculum, which produces yellow stylospores (C urrl. c.f. 53 c.) ; sporidia (*0008'*0010 in) *02-'025 m.m. 2340. Hypomyces Broomeiaims. Tul. “Broomed Hypomyces.” Perithecia ovate-acute, clad with a dense short wool ; asci linear, sporidia linear-lanceolate, straight, uniseptate. — Tul. Carp. SPHACBIACEI. 779 iii. p. 108. B. Br. Ann. N.H. (1866), no. 1175,*. 5,/. 84. Hy- pocrea luteo-virens, Babh. no. 751. Ann. N.H. no. 1101*. On Polyporus annosus. Nov. Batheaston. Conidia (’0002-*0003 in.) , 005-*0076 m.m. long-. Sporidia (‘0005-*0006 in.) *0127-’015 m.m. long. 2341 . Hypomyces latezitius. Tul. “Brick-red Hypomyces.” Broadly effused, fleshy, smooth, pale brick-red; perithecia globose; ostiola punctiform; sporidia elliptico- acuminate, colourless, uniseptate. — Tul . Carp, iii .p. 62, ii .p. 273, *. xxx. f. 5. Hypocrea lateritia , Fr. S.M. ii .p. 338. Eng. FI. v.p. 238. Meru- lius helvelloides, Sow. t. 402. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46,/. 47. On fungi. Nov. [Mid. Carolina.] Plant of a rather thick substance, rendering the hymenium of the Agaric on which it grows, and indeed the whole plant, jnicy, so that it soon be- comes putrid. Perithecia irregularly immersed, at length emergent, minute ; surface even, frosted with a thin white meal, — Fries. Sporidia (*0006-’0007 in.) '016--0177 m.m. 2342. Hypomyces toxminosus. Tul . “Honey-coloured Hypomyces.” Gregarious; perithecia small, spherical, depressed, mealy, honey-coloured, papillate ; papillse darker ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia oblong, uniseptate. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 40. Nectria tor - minosa , Mont. Syll.p. 225, no. 788. Hypocrea Jloccosa , Fr. Sum. V.S.p. 564. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 593. On Lactariustorminosus. King’s Cliffe. [Low. Carolina ?] Gen. 337. OOMYCES, B. & Br. Perithecia erect, contained in a polished, coloured sac, which is free above ; ostiola punctiform, apical ; asci linear ; sporidia filiform, very long. — B. §Br. Ann. N.H. no. 590. {Fig. 373.) Fig. 373. 780 SPHiERTACEl . 2343. ©omyces-cameo-alhus. B. $ Br. ‘‘Flesh-coloured Oomyces. ” Scattered, shining, pale flesh-coloured, conical, truncate above and marked with the ostiola ; perithecia 3-7, vertical, closely packed in the common, tough, receptacle ; asci elongated, cylin- drical ; sporidia filiform, extremely long, flexuous. — B . Bi\ Ann. N.H. no. 590. Splicer ia cameo-alb a, Lib. exs. no. 241. On leaves of Air a ccespitosa. Spye Park. About |rds of a line high, resembling an Acrospermum , though differing in structure, and might easily be mistaken for the eggs of some insect. The structure is not visible until a section be made, except so far as the peri- thecia are indicated by the little dimples in the truncate apex. — B.&Br. (Fig. 373J. NECTRZA, Fr. Stroma definite ; perithecia free, clustered or scattered, coloured (some • times blackish), fleshy or horny ; asci eight or many spored; sporidia of two kinds. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 65. {Fig. 374.) I. C^spitos^:. 2344. Nectxia puli car is. Tul. “Blackish Nectria.” Conidia. — Hemispherical, rather firm, rose-coloured; stroma convex ; conidia fusiform, nearly straight, pallid . — Fusarium ro- seum, Fr S.M. iii. p. 471. Eng. FI. v.p. 355. FcJcl. exs. no. 208- 211. Cooke exs. no. 344. Ascophore. — CaBspitose, irregular ; stroma formed from the bark ; perithecia crowded, superficial, opaque, purple, at length collapsing ; sporidia biseriate, colourless, elliptical or pyriform, triseptate or tripartite. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 68, t. xiii ./. 5-9. Gib- ber a pulicaris, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 417. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49, f. 180. Fckl.exs.no. 789. Fckl. Sym.Myc. p.lbl . Berk, exs.no. 253. Gen. 338. Fig. 374. SPHiERIACEI. 781 On various brandies as elder, fig, willow, laburnum, &c. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] The Fusarium forms little gregarious red dots on dead stems of mallows, &c. The sporidia measure (*0006-*001 in.) *015-*025 m.m. Fuckel states that Fusarium roseum Lk. is the conidia of Gibber a Saubi - nettii ; Tulasne refers it to Nutria pulicaris . 2345. Nectria ochracea. Fr. “ Ochraceous Nectria.” Caespitose, peritbecia globose, furfuraceous, bright yellow- ochre ; ostiola impressed, papillseform ; sporidia ? — Fr . S.V.S. p. 387. Sph. ochracea Grev. Eng . FI. Y.p. 252. Fr. El. ii. p.79. On dead twigs. Durham. •This most beautiful and curious species resembles very much Nutria cin- nabarina, but is distinct both in the colour of the perithecia and stroma, which latter is at length black. Fries informs us that he has received the stroma quite naked and a true Tuber cularia, as he believes T. lutescens ) Link. — Berk, in Eng . FI. 2346. Nectria cinnabarina. Fr. “ Vermillion Nectria.” Conidia. — E rumpent, stratum of conidia red, margin naked. — Tubercularia vulgaris , Tode.f. 30. Moug. exs. no. 84. Fr. S.M. iii. p.464. Sow. t. 294. Baxt. exs.no.YOO. Desm. exs. no. 170. Babh. exs. no. 777. Gard. Chron. Jan. 28, 1871, ^< 7 . 26. Ascophore. — C aespitose, perithecia globose, corrugated, Ver- million, at length brownish ; ostiola papillseform ; sporidia uni- septate, frequently constricted, rather pointed at each end, colour- less. — Tul. Carp. iii. p. 80, t. 12, t. 13, f. 14-21. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49,/. 175, 176. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 412. Tode.f. 68. Fries, exs.no. 184. Moug. exs. no. 570. Baxt. exs. no. 26. Cooke exs. no. 260. Eng. FI. v. p. 252. Sph. fragiformis , Sow. t. 256. Cucurbitaria cinnabarina , Grev. 1. 135. On dead twigs. Winter and Spring. Common. [United States.] Sporidia (*0004-*0006 in.) *01-*015 m.m. (Fig. 374.) 2347. Nectria punicea. Schm. “ Light-red Nectria.” Caespitose, erumpent, light red ; clusters subrotund ; peri- thecia globose, even, at length collapsing and concave ; sporidia uniseptate, attenuated towards each end, scarcely constricted, hyaline.* — Tul. Carp, iii .p. 82. Babh. F.E. no. 634. Fckl. exs. no. 984. Cooke exs. no. 370. Sphceria punicea, Kze. Myc. H.i.p. 61. On twigs of Bhamnus frangula. 782 SPH2ERIACEI. 2348. Nectria coccinea. Fr. “ Scarlet Nectria.” Csespitose, perithecia ovate, even, bright red ; ostiola papil- liform ; sporidia colourless, uniseptate, elliptical, subacuminate. — Sch. coccinea, Fr. S.M. ii. p . 412. Eng. FI. v.p. 253. Fers. Ic. Fes. t. 12, f. 2. Moug . exs. no. 180. Fries, exs. no. 183. Sph, mori , Sow. t. 255. Baxt . exs . no. 25. Curr . Linn. Trans . xxii. t . 49,/. 174, 175. On dead twigs. Common. [United States.] Sporidia ('0005 in.) *0127 m.m. 2349. Hectria cucuibitula. Fr. “ Orange-red Nectria.” Csespitose ; peritbecia ovato-globose, even, orange-red, at length collapsed, cup-shaped, ostiola obsolete ; sporidia colour- less, irregularly elliptical, mixed with asci, producing minute, curved sporidia. — Tul. Carp, iii .p. 86. Sph. cucurhitula , Fr. S.M. ii.p. 415. Tode.f. 110. Nees.f. 327. Fries . exs. no. 263. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 174-609. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49,/. 178. On dead branches. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Easily distinguished from all similarly coloured species by its asci being filled with numerous minute curved sporidia ( , 0001-*0002 in.) *0025-*005 m. m. — B. 2350. Nectiia sinopica. Fr. “ Brick-red Ivy Neatm.” Sub-caBspitose ; perithecia small, globose, even, somewhat brick-red, at length collapsing and cup shaped ; disc brown ; ostiola papillate ; asci linear ; sporidia elliptic, uniseptate. — Tul . Carp. iii. p. 89, t. xi. f. 1-10. DeNot. Sfer. Ital. t. 2,/. 6. Sph. sinopica , Fr.El. ii. p. 81. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 97. Curr. Micr . Jour. iii. 270. Moug. exs.no. 1335. Desm . exs. no. 1259. On shoots of ivy. King’s Cliffe. Each articulation of the sporidia sometimes contains a single nucleus. Perithecia when young frosted with a yellowish meal. 2351. Hectiia aquifolia. Berk. “ Large-spored Holly Nectria.” Csespitose ; stroma yellowish within ; perithecia globose, ru- gulose, ambilicate from collapsing, at first brick-red, then pale, at length black ; sporidia colourless, elliptical, pseudo-septate, by division of endochrome. — Berk. Outl . p. 393. Tul. Carp. iii. p. 87, t. x. S. aquifolia , Fr. El. ii. p. 82. Eng. FI. v. p. 253. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49,/. 183. On dead holly. Apethorpe. « SPHJERIACEI. 783 Sporidia (*0005 in.) *0127 m.m. Tulasne unites N. inaurata with this species. “ Fungus octosporus simul et macrosporus, sporis saepius muticis.==i\T. aquifolia , B. Fungus polysporus et microsporus, vel octosporus cnm sporis minimis et appendiculatis.=iV. inaurata, BJ 2352. Nectiia inausata. B. $ Br. l( Small-spored Holly Nectria.” Csespitose ; perithecia globose, then depressed, at length brown tinged with red, frosted with yellow ; ostiola papilliform, at length impressed, naked, black-brown ; asci and sporidia of two kinds, some clavate, with numerous small curved sporidia, others cylindrical, with eight elliptic sporidia, appendiculate at both ends. — B. . 91. Curr. Linn. Trans. xxii. t. 57,/. 47. Sph. epispheria , Tode.f. 89. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 454. Fries, exs. no. 265. Eng. FI. v.p. 263. Grev.t. 175, /. 2. On Hypoxyla , &c. [United States.] Sporidia (*0002- , 0004 in.) ‘OOS-'Ol m.m. 2 L 786 SPH^ERIACEI. 2362. Nectxia Puxtoxii. Chirr. “ Purton’s Nectria.” Gregarious ; perithecia globose, dotted, red, at length blackish, immersed at first in the receptacle ; mouth very small, sub- mamillose ; sporidia uniseriate, colourless, acuminate, elliptical. — Curr. Linn. Trans . xxii, t. 49, f. 181. Cucurbitaria pinastri , Grev. t. 50. S. Purtoni , Grev . On Valsa abietis. Sporidia (‘0004 in.) *01 m.m. Elevating the bark, which is at length ruptured by the evolution of the perithecia, which are at first included in a receptacle, bub having pierced its surface, assume a globular form, and appear as if merely seated on that body, others push aside those which preceded them, and thus irregular clusters are produced. When it occurs it is in great abundance, frequently covering the smaller branches for many feet, at intervals often not exceed- ing the eighth of an inch. — Grev. 2363. Nectria ochraceo-pallida. B. & Br. “Pale-ochre Nectria.” Perithecia pallid-ochraceous, ovate, obtuse ; ostiola minute, papillseform ; asci clavate ; sporidia elongated, subfusiform, tri- septate. — B. fy Br.Ann. N.H. no. 607. On elm branches. Kockingham Forest. Gregarious, scattered or crowded, perithecia pale-ochre, with a minute papillseform orifice more or less collapsed when dry. Formerly considered as a state of N. coccinea, from which the clavate asci and longer sporidia dis- tinguish it. var . cozallina. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 779*.' On elder and elm. Eather smaller than the paler plant, and less depressed, but little dis- tinguishable difference in the fruit. — B. & Br. 2364. Nectria muscivora. B.^ Br. “ Moss-loving Nectria.” Mycelium effused, white, woolly ; perithecia crowded, orange, semi-immersed, ovate ; ostiola papillseform ; asci clavate ; ^pori- dia shortly fusiform. — B. fy. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 608. On mosses. King’s Cliffe. [On Jungermannia. S. Carolina.] Mycelium forming white lanose patches, 2 in. or more in diameter, and rapidly destroying the moss on which it grows. Perithecia collected in little groups, more or less connate, half immersed in the mycelium, bright orange, ovate, sometimes collapsing laterally. Sporidia elliptic, pointed at either end, with a central septum, and the endochrome in each articulation bipar- tite, probably triseptate v\ hen mature. SPHAERIACEI. 787 2365. Nectria arenula. B . Br . “ Pale Grass Nectria.’’ Scattered, whitish -oclire ; perithecia ovate, very shortly pe- dicellate ; ostiola papillaeform; asci clavate ; sporidia oblong, subfusiform, uniseptate. — Berk . Outl. p. 394. Sph. arenula , B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 622, t. 9,/. 5. On dead leaves of Air a ccespitosa . Feb. Batheaston. Thinly scattered over the leaves. Perithecia ovate, with an obtuse papil- Iseform ostiolum, contracted at the base, rarely obovate, and perfectly blunt. Asci sub-clavate ; sporidia biseriate, oblong, slightly attenuated, rarely sub-elliptic, uniseptate. — B. § Br . 2366. Nectria graminicola. B. & Br. “ Red-grass Nectria.” Perithecia ovate, scattered, at length collapsed, red; sporidia fusiform, uniseptate. — B. § Br.Ann. N.H. no. 897, 1. 11,/. 40. On Air a ccespitosa. Jan. Batheaston. Scattered over the dead leaves, ovate, red, at length collapsed. Sporidia fusiform (*0007-*0008 in.) *G17-*02 m.m. long. Closely resembling N. peziza . 2367. Nectria BlosLami. B. $ Br. “ Rloxam’s Nectria.” Scattered, dark cinnabar-red ; perithecia strongly collapsed, nearly smooth ; sporidia elongated, subfusiform, quadrinucleate. —B. % Br. Ann. N.H. no. 781. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Twycross. Sporidia (*00065 in.) *016 m.m. long. Differs from ochraceo-pallida , not only in its dark cinnabar hue and collapsed perithecia, but in the far more delicate and shorter sporidia. There is sometimes a single very ob- scure septum.— B. & Br* 2363. Nectria helminthic ola. B. fy Br. “ Black-mould Nectria.” Parasitic ; flesh coloured, minute, globose, smooth ; asci nar- rowed upwards ; sporidia bi-quadrinucleate. — B. fyBr. Ann. N.H. no. 896. Parasitic on some species of Helminthosporium. Jan. Batheaston. Scarcely visible to the naked eye ; asci generally r ttenuated upwards, often curved; sporidia hyaline, with two to four nuclei, and consequently either uniseptate, or ultimately triseptate (*0006- *00056 in.), about *015 m.m. long. — B. 4* Br . 2 L 2 788 SPIL3ERIACEI. 2369. Nectxia Husseliana. Mont. “ Russel's Nectria.” Conidia. — Tufts small, scattered, rose coloured, at first sur- rounded by erect flocci ; conidia fusiform, extremely minute, becoming paler by age. — Chceto stroma buxi, Debat. Ann. Sc. Nat. ix. 1858. Fusisporium buxi , Eng. FI. v.p. 352. Berk. exs. no. 55. Volutella buxi , Berk.Outl. p. 340. Fckl. exs. no. 217. Ascophore. — Small ; perithecia gregarious, globose, orange- yellow, at length tawny, beset with hairs; sporidia fusiform, obtuse. — Mont. Syll.p. 224. B. <£* Br. Ann. N.H, no. 898. Tul. Carp. iii. p. 98. Stigmatea Rousseliana , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 97. On box leaves. Twycross. var. (3. vixidis. Perithecia when dry presenting nearly black specks, when moistened, green, beset with scattered hya- line hairs ; sporidia elliptic (-0007 in.) hyaline. — B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 898. On box leaves. Batheaston. var. y. fulva. Perithecia straw-colour or brick-red ; spori- dia broadly almond-shaped, •OOOd-’OOOS. — Sph. fulva, Fr. El. ii. p. 90. Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 182. Curr.Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57, f. 5. Fckl. exs. no. 207. On box leaves. Milton, Norths. 2370. Nectxia umbxina. Fr. “ Umber Nectria.” Gregarious, ovate, obtuse, minutely papillary, umber, often pruinose at the apex ; sporidia? — Fr. S. V.S.p. 388. Berk. Outl. p. 394. Sph. umbrina , Berk. Eng. FI. v. p. 264. On decaying bean stalks. Dec. Apethorpe. B. Xylariei. Stipitate — Stroma corky, subclavate _ . Stroma rather corky, discoid . Shrubby or simple — Perithecia of substance of stem Sessile — Stroma convex or plane . Stroma expanded, pulverulent Stroma discoid . . Stroma fused with matrix Stroma globose .... Stroma fleshy, epiphyllous Perithecia none, nucleus immersed in the stroma Xylaria . Poronia. Thamnomyces. Hy poxy Ion. Ustulina. Nummularia. Eutypa. Melogramma. Poly stigma. Dothidea. SPH2ERIACEI. 789 Gen. 339. XYLARIA, Fr. Stipitate; stroma corky, rarely fleshy; perithecia immersed ; sporidia uniseriate, simple, ovate, dark-coloured. — Fr. S. V.S. p. 381. BerJc. Outl.p . 384. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 4. 2371. Xylaria polymorpha. Grev. “ Many -shaped Xylaria.” Sub-carnose, gregarious, turgid, irregular, dirty-white, then black, receptacle bearing perithecia in every part ; conidia broadly obovate ; sporidia uniseriate, dark reddish- brown, slightly curved. — Grev. t. 237. Corda Ic.v.f. 52. Desm. exs.no. 376. Berk. Outl. p. 384. Tul. Carp . ii. p. 7, t. xix, /. 15-21. Sph. polymorpha, Fr. S.M. ii .p. 326. Obs. ii. t. 2, / 2, 4, 5. Nees. f. 307. Reb. t. i.f.l. Weig. Obs . t. 3,/. 6. Mich. t. 54,/. 4. Schn . exs. no. 28. Fries, exs. no. 221. Eng. FI. Y.p. 234, Curr. Linn. Trans, xxv. £. 45./. 12. $. digitata , Dan . t. 900. aSW. 2. 69. Fig. 375. Fckl. exs. no. 1064, 2267. Bull. t. 440,/. 1. On old stumps. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia (*0008-’0009 in.) *02-‘023 m.m. (Big. 375.) 2372. Xylaria digitata. Grev. “ Finger-like Xylaria.” Between fleshy and corky; caespitose; heads cylindrical, red- dish-brown, then black ; tips sterile, acute ; stem smooth ; sporidia uniseriate, dark-brown, curved. — Grev. FL Ed. p. 356. Berk Outl.p. 384. Sph. digitata , Fr. S.M. ii .p. 326. Bull. t. 220. Schceff. t. 265. Hoffm. V.C. t. 4,/. 2. Pers. Obs. ii. £.2,/. 1-6. FI. Dan. t. 1306. Nees.f. 307. Eng. FI. Y.p. 234. Curr. Linn. Trans. xxii. t. 45,/. 16. On stumps, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] Stems connate at the base, whence the plant is ramoso- digitate ; substance with a simple central pith ; perithecia immersed, when young whitish, scarcely pulverulent, soon changing to brown.— Fries. Sporidia (*0007 in.) *017 m.m. 2373. Xylazia corn if or mis. Mont. “ Horn-shaped Xylaria.” Corky, brittle, simple, cylindrical, curved, black, covered on all sides with perithecia ; base subtuberous, villous ; sporidia uniseriate, almond-shaped, double or plano-convex, rather dark 790 SPHiERIACEI. brown. — Mont . Ann . Sc. Nat. 1855, iii.j?. 104. Berk. Outl.p. 384. Curr. Linn. Trans . xxii. t. 45,/. 20, 21. On fallen branches. Lancashire. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia (’0004 in.) *01 m.m. 237#. Xylaria hypoxylon. Grev. “ Candle-snuff Xylaria” Corky, simple or branched, compressed, at first pulverulent with white meal conidia, then naked, black ; stem villous ; conidia small, narrowly lanceolate ; sporidia uniseriate, dark brown, elliptic-acuminate, often cymbiform, with one or two nuclei.— Grev. FI. Ed.p. 355. Berk. Outl. p. 384. t. 24,/. 1. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 11, t. 1,/. 1-14. Sph. hypoxylon , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 327. Blackst. t. 1. Pet. Gaz. t. 62,/. 2. Mich. t. 55,/. 1. Holms, p. 71, luithfig. Bull. 1. 180. Batsch.f. 160. Hoffm. V.C. t. 3,/ 1. Sow. t. 55. Fr. exs. no. 181. Eng. FI. v.p. 235. Bolt. 1. 129. Moug. exs. no. 272. Baxt. exs. no. 74. Dicks, t. 12, /. 7. Curr. Linn. Trans. xxii. t. 45,/. 17. Fckl. exs. no. 1065. Sci. Goss. 1871, p. 77 ,, figs. 45—47. On stumps, &c. Common. [United States.] Sporidia (*0004 in.) *01 m.m. 2375. Xylaria carpophila. Fr. “ Beech-mast Xylaria.” Corky, slender, simple; head subulate, whitish pulverulent, then blackish ; stem very long, root-like ; conidia very minute and ovate ; sporidia uniseriate, clear light brown, elliptical, or slightly reniform, with one or two nuclei.— Fr. S. V.S. p. 382. Berk. Outl. p. 384. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 14, t. 1,/. 15-20. Sph. car - pophila,Fr. S.M. ii. p. 328. Pers. Obs.t. 1,/. 5. Fries, exs.no. 302. Schm. exs.no. 176. Eng. FI. v.p. 235. FI. Dan. 1. 1858, /. 1. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45,/. 23. Fckl. exs. no. 1066. Cooke exs. no. 364. On beech mast. Common. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia (-0004 in.) *01 m.m. 2376. Xylaria pedunculata. Fr. “ Stalked Xylaria.” Corky, slender, simple, springing from a sclerotioid base; head ovate, or subglobose ; sporidia clear brown, eventually black, almond-shaped, or elliptical. — Fr. S. V.S. p. 382. Berk. Outl.p. 385. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 17, t. 2,/. 29, 30. Sph. pedunculata , Dicks , t. 8. Sow. t. 437. Berk, exs.no. 168. Mag. Zool. Bot.no. 93, vol.ii.p. 223. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxv. t. 45,/. 5. Gard. Chron. April 15, 1871. jig. SPHiERIACEl. 791 On soil mostly attached to dung. Spori-dia (’0015-*0016in.) *03 m.m. Before maturity surrounded by a gela- tinous envelope. 2377 . Xylaxia bulbcsa. B. $ Br. “ Bulbous Xylaria.” Corky, simple or forked, brown, then black ; stem cylindrical, bulbous at the base and spongy; sporidia narrow, ovate. — Tul. Carp, ii .p. 20. B. fy Br.Berk. Outl.p . 385, t. 24, f. 2. Sphceria bulbosa , Pers. Obs. ii. t. i ./. i. Amongst fir leaves. Bath. 2378. Xylaria vapoxaxia. Berk. “ Currey’s Xylaria. ’ Stroma sclerotioid, corky, rugose, irregular, terminating at the apex in short prominences (possibly abortive receptacles) ; receptacles conical, stipitate, bearing peritbecia only on the lower half ; the upper half attenuated, subpulverulent, of a light red- dish brown colour, the lower half darker ; perithecia rather scattered, slightly prominent ; nucleus black, glutinous ; spori- dia (8) almond-shaped, biseriate, black. — Curr . Linn . Trans, xxiv. t. 25,/. 17, 26. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1095. On Sclerotium found in a mushroom bed. Cornwall. (l This plant was sent in a sclerotioid condition. In Dec., 1862, I planted it m damp sand, covered it with a bell-glass, and kept it moist in a warm room, in a window facing the south. The fertile branches or receptacles soon made their appearance above the surface of the sand, and by the end of March ripe fruit was produced.” Sporidia (‘0018-*0022 in.), , 04- , 055 m.m. POROMIA, Fr. Stipitate ; stroma between fleshy and corky ; fructifying surface discoid ; perithecia im- mersed sporidia ovate, simple, coloured. — Fr. Nov. Sum. Myc.p. 113. (Fig. 376.) 2379. Poxonia punctata. Fr. “ Punctate Poronia.” Stipitate, turbinate, externally blackish ; disc truncate, whitish, dotted with the black ostiola ; conidia minute, spherical ; spori- dia at first brown, then black and opaque, elliptical — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 330. Berk. Outl.p. 385. Grev. t. 327. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 27, t. iii ./. 17-18. Sow. t. 54. ^Nees. f. 315. Fries, exs. no. 182. Eng. FI. v. p 235. Sph. truncata , Bolt, t . 127 , f. 2. Bull. t. 252. FI. Ban. t. 288. Moug. exs. no. 958. Curr. Linn. Trans . xxii. t. 45, f. 27. long.— F.C. Gen. 340 . Fig. 376. 792 SPHiERIACEI. On horse and cow dung. Gregarious |-1 in. high, at first covered with a powdery veil, which at length vanishes and leaves the outer portion of the plant blackish, the disc being still white, but dotted with the orifices of the perithecia, which, from the depression of the cup, are often rather convergent than divergent,— M.J.B. Sporidia ( 0008-’0012 in.), -02-*03 m.m. Gen. 341. THAMNOMYGES, Ehr. Stem shrubby or simple ; peritbecia of tbe same sub- stance as tbe stem. {Fig. 377.) 2380. Thamnomyces hippotrichioides. Ehrb. “ Horsehair Thamnomyces.” Branched, thread shaped ; perithecia scattered, papil- late ; sporidia ovate, unequal, dark brown. — Berlc. Outl.p. 385. FcJcl. exs. no. 2268. Eng. FI. y. p.284:. Ehr. Hor. Phy.p . 82. Sphceria hippotrichioides , Mag. Zool. Bot. no. 94. Sow. t. 200. Hypox. loculiferum, Bull. 1 . 195,/. 1. Rhizomorpha . Feld. Sym. Myc.p. 237. On old sacks, matting, &c. The perithecia are either sessile or shortly pedicellate, clothed with a close indistinct tomentum, varying in shape from globose to ovate, with a dis- tinct, very obtuse, papillseform ostiolum. ( Fig. 377.) USTULINA, Tul. Stroma expanded, pulverulent, becoming indurated and carbonized; peritbecia immersed; sporidia uni- seriate, lanceolate, curved, simple, dark coloured. — Tul. Carp, ii .p. 23. {Fig. 378.) 2381. Ustulina vulgaris. Tul. “ Common Ustulina.” Effused, thick, undulato-rugose, when young cinereous or whitish pulverulent, at length rigid ; peri- thecia ovate, with a short neck ; Gen. 342. Fig. 378. Fig. 377. SPILERIACEI. 793 sporidia dark brown, usually somewhat curved. — Tul. Carp . ii. p. 23, t. iii, /. 1-6. Hypoxylon ustulatum , Bull, t . 487,/. 1. Berk. Outl. t. 24, /. 3. jFc&Z. no. 1063. Sph. maxima , jBoZZ. Z. 181. aSow. Z. 338. Tode.f. 129. Sph. deusta. Fr.S.M. ii .p. 345. Hoffm. t. i, f. 2. Eng. FI. v. p. 240. Nees. f. 316. Fries, exs. no. 261. Moug. exs. no. 276. Mich. t. 54,/. 1. Grev. t . 324,/. 2. CWr. Linn. Trans . xxii. Z. 46,/. 57. On rotten trunks. Common. [United States.] At first fleshy and pulverulent, at length naked, very brittle, 2-3 in. broad. Sporidia ( , 0012- , 0016 in.) *03-*04 m.m. (Big. 3 78.) Gen. 343. HYPOXYLON, Fr. Convex or plane ; stroma corky or brittle ; perithecia immersed ; sporidia ovate, or lanceolate, curved, un symmetrical, simple, dark-coloured. — Fr. S. V. S. p. 383. Tul . Carp. ii.p. 30. (Fig. 379.) 2332. Hypoxylon luteum. Fr. “ Yellow Hypoxylon.” Orbicular, cup-sbaped, black ; disc marginate, rugose ; stroma pulverulent, yellow ; perithecia in many rows, emergent; spori- dia minute, elliptical, brown, generally nucleate. — Sph. lutea , A. $ S. t. 1,/. 1. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 347. Berk. Ann. N.H.no. 170. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46,/. 56. On elder. Clifton, Notts. Sporidia (*0002-*0003 in.) ’OOS-’OOZ m.m. 2383. Hypoxylon succentuziatum. Fr. 11 Tode’s Hypoxylon.” Oblongo-pulvinate, immarginate, even, black, greyish-brown within ; perithecia ovate, scattered, irregularly emergent ; asci linear ; sporidia brown, uniseriate, oblong, obtuse. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 830. Sph. succenturiata. Tode,f. 109. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 347. On oak. Sept. Weybridge. Sporidia (*0005-*0006 in.) *0125-*015 m.m. long. Fig. 379. 2 l 5 794 SPHiERIACEI . 2384. Hypoxylon concentxicum. Grev, u Concentric Hypoxylon.” Large, sub-globose, brownish, at length black, concen- trically zoned within ; perithecia oblong, immersed in the periphery ; sporidia dark brown, elliptical, or irregular, some- times with a large nucleus. — Tul. Carp . ii. p. 31, t. xiii ./. 11-16. Grev. t. 324, /. i. Berk.Outl.p. 386. Cur r. Linn. Trans, xxv. t. 45,/. 32. Sph. concentrica, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 331. Bolt. 1. 180. Fries. exs.no. 141. Eng . FI. v. p. 236. JSfees. f. 308. Ehr. Hor. Bev. t. 18,/. 8. FI. Dan. 2036, /. 2. Schcejf.t. 329. Tode. 1. 17,/. 150. S.fraxinea , aSW. £. 160. On old ash trees. Common. [United States.] OfVn 2-3 in. broad, easily known by its zoned stroma. Sporidia (‘0005 in.) *0125 m.m. 2385. Hypoxylon coccineum. “ Reddish Hypoxylon.” Conidi a. — G regarious, fasciculate, somewhat branched, umber, branches straight, sub-tomentose. — Isaria umbrina , P. 284. A scophore. — G lobose, yermillion-brown, bright black within ; perithecia orate ; ostiola at length prominent ; sporidia dark opaque brown, elliptical or arcuate. — Bull.p. 174, t. 495,/. 2. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 34, t. i v. /. 1-6. Berk. Outl. p. 386. Grev. t. 136. Pc&Z. exs. no. 1056. S.fragiformis , PV. P.iJi. ii. J9. 332. Pers. Syn. t. 1,/. 1-2. Eng. FI. y.p. 236. Arm. Bot. t. 2,/. 5. Nees.f. 309. Schm. M.H. t. i ./. 20. Fries, exs. no. 41. Moug. exs. no. 273. Curr. Lmn. Trans, xxv. £. 45,/. 30. S. radians, Tode,f. 101. Lyc. variolosum , aSW. £.271. On beech, &c. Common. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Generally round, and about tbe size of a pea, but when growing on tbe trunk of a tree sometimes of considerable size and thickness, from many individuals becoming confluent ; at first pale pruinose, then bright rust- coloured, bordering on vermillion, gradually becoming tuberculated, when old of a ferruginous black. - M.J.B. Sporidia (‘0006 in.) ‘015 m.m. {Fig. 379.) 2386. Hypoxylon multiforme. Fr. “ Variable Hypoxylon.” Irregular, at first rugose, rusty-brown, at length naked, black, cinereous -black within ; perithecia sub-globose, at length prom- inent, papillate; sporidia rich yellowish -brown, elliptical, fre- quently slightly curved. — Fr. S. V.S.p . 384. Fckl . exs. no. 1052. SPHiERJACEI. 795 Grev. t . 114* Berk. Outl.p. 386, t. 24,/. 4. H. granulosum , Bull, t. 487. /. 2. Sph. granulosa, Sow. t. 355. Pm. J.?m. Po£. £. 2,/. 1. Sph. multiformis , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 334. PV. 05s. i. t . i./ 2, 3. Hedw. Obs. t. 8,/. A. Pm. Ic.pict. t. 3,/. 1-3. Eng. FI. v. p. 237. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxv. £. 45,/. 28. On birch. Common. [United States.] Nothing can be more different than the spongy -looking rubiginous young plant, and the same when mature. Besides this change it often assumes many forms, sometimes elliptic, or strongly raised and crestiform, and, on the other hand sometimes quite flat and depressed. In the latter the peri - thecia are frequently less prominent and smaller; in every case it is firmly attached to the wood, and in branches covered with the bark erumpent. — M.J.B. Sporidia ('0004 in.) '01 m.m. 2337. Hypoxylon marginatum. Berk. “ Margined Hypoxylon.” Hemispherical confluent, at length black, of the same colour within, each ostiolum seated in a little margined disc ; sporidia elliptical or sub-reniform, pale clear brown, sometimes with one or two nuclei. — Berk. Outl.p. 387. Sph. marginata , Schwein. Journ. Ac. t. 2,/. 8. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 595. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxvi. t. 46, / 60. On decaying wood. Chatsworth. [United States.] The sporidia are sometimes separated by a globose cell like the connecting cells in Anabaina. * Sporidia (*0002 in.) *005 m.m. 2383. Hypoxylon cohserens. Fr. “ Confluent Hypoxylon.” Confluent, convexo-plane, at first even, dirty-brown, then blackish, black within; perithecia at length rather prominent, papillate ; sporidia rather dark brown, irregularly elliptical, fre- quently rather curved, often nucleate. — Berk. Outl.p. 387. Fckl. exs. no. 1053. Sph. cohcerens , Fr. S.M . ii ,p. 333. Nees.f. 310, B. Fries, exs. no. 45. Schm. exs. no. 126. Eng. FI. v.p. 237. Moug. exs. no. 7 64. Curr. Linn . Trans, xxii. t. 45,/. 41. On dead branches. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Sporidia ('0003--0004 in.) '0075-'01 m.m, 2389. Hypoxylon axgillaceum. Fr. “ Clay-coloured Hypoxylon.” Subglobose, clay-coloured, brown-black within ; perithecia slightly prominent, papillate ; sporidia opaque, black-brown, irregularly elliptical, sometimes nucleate. — Berk. Outl. p. 387. 796 SPHiERIACEI. Sph. argillacea,Fr. S.M.ii.p. 333. Fr . Obs. t. 2,/. 5. Curr. Linn. Trans . xxii. t. 45,/. 35. On dead ash branches. 2390. Hypoxylon fuscum. Fr . “ Brown Hypoxylon.” Convex, pnlvinate, purple-brown, or brown, at length naked, black, black-brown within ; perithecia globose, ostiola umbili- cate ; sporidia elliptical, or almond shaped, pale brown, then very dark and opaque. — Fr. S.V.S.p. 384. Tul. Carp . ii.^). 39, t. 4,/. 7-11. Feld. exs. no. 1054. Berk. Outl. p. 387 . Sph. fusca, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 332. Eng. FI. v. p. 237. Dill. Muse. 1. 18,/. 7. Weig. t. 3,/. 2. Hedw. Obs. t. 6. Tode f. 100. Pers. Ann. t. 2,/. 3. Nees. f. 310. Fries, exs. no. 42. Moug. exs. no. 178. Schm. exs. no. 51. Hoffm. V.C. t. 5, /. 1. S. tuberculosa , Sow. t. 373, f. 9. Bolt. 1. 123,/. 1. Willd. Berl. 7, /. 21. Bull. t. 468,/. 3. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45,/. 38. On hawthorn, hazel, &c. Common. [United States.] At first clothed witli a rusty or purple brown meal, gradually increasing in thickness, at length naked, black, and pierced like a sieve. Sporidia (*0005 in.) *0125 m.m. 2391. Hypoxylon mbiginosnm. Fr. “ Rust-coloured Hypoxylon.” Broadly effused, thin, pulverulent, bright rust-coloured ; peri- thecia rather prominent ; sporidia dark brown, elliptical, slightly irregular, with one or more nuclei. — Fr. S.V.S.p. 384. Fckl. exs. no. 1051. Berk. Outl.p. 387. Sph. rubiginosum, Fr, S.M. ii. p. 340. Fries, exs. no. 142. Eng. Fl.y.p. 239. Curr. Linn. Trans. xxii. t. 45,/ 43. On decorticated trunks. [Mid. Carolina.] Forming longitudinally effused spots, 2-4 in. long, at first pulverulent and dirty yellow, when full grown densely covered with rust- coloured powder, at length naked and black ; perithecia small, umbilicate at the apex, almost free. Sometimes the perithecia are solitary, larger, distant, and papillary ; margin barren. —Fries. Sporidia (*0004 in.) *01 m.m. 2392. Hypoxylon atropuxpur eum . Fr. “ Purple-black Hypoxylon.” Effused, thin, flattened, purplish -black ; perithecia connate, rather prominent ; apex plane, papillate ; sporidia dark brown, irregularly elliptical, with one or two nuclei. — S. atropurpurea , Fr. S.M. ii .p. 340. Fries, exs. no. 75. Eng. FI. y.p. 239. Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 45, /. 44. SPHiERIACEI. 797 On rotten wood. Appin. Sometimes the perithecia are scattered, or arranged in lines. Sporidia (•OCKM-’OOOS in.) '01-*0125 m.m. 2393. Hypoxylon serpens. Fr. “ Creeping Hypoxylon.” Effused, thin, flattened, black ; perithecia subglobose, rather prominent, papillate ; sporidia dark brown, irregularly elliptical. Fr. S. V.Sp.p. 384. Sph. serpens , Fr. S.M.ii. p . 341. Eng. FI. v. p. 239. Nees.f. 317,318. Fries, exs. no. 45. Mich. t. 55, f. 1. Hoffm. V.C. t . 3,/. 1. FI. Dan. t. 2037,/. 1. Sph. Crustacea , Sow. t. 372, f. 11, t. 373, /. 10. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46, /. 48. Sph. confluens , ify&Z. exs. no. 960. On dead wood. [United States.] At first clothed with thin, cinereous, mealy down, at length naked, 2-3 in or more long. Sporidia ( 0004-*0005 in.) # 01-*0125 m.m. 2394. Hypoxylon udnzn. Fr. “ Emergent Hypoxylon.” Spermogonia. — P erithecia minute ; spermatea cylindrical, ob- tuse, somewhat curved, hyaline. Ascophore. — Short, determinate, emergent, black; perithe- cia sub-ovate ; ostiola obtuse, unequal; sporidia almond-shaped, or oblong-elliptic, olive-green, then dark, clear, transparent brown. — Fr. S. VS.p. 384. Sph. uda , Fr. S.M.\\.p.§§&. Pers. Syn. t. i ./. 11-13. Fries, exs. no. 324. Eng. FI. v.p. 243. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46, f. 61, 62. Hupoxulon semi-immersum, Fckl. exs. no. 2177. On rotten branches. [Mid. Carolina.] Sub-elliptic, parallel, 2-3 lines long, always furnished with a circumscrib- ing black line. Very much resembling small scattered specimens of H. ser- pens. Sporidia (‘OOOG-’OOl in.) , 015-*025 m.m. Gen. 344. NUMMULAEXA, Tul. Stroma discoid. Perithecia im- mersed, in separate cells. Spo- ridia ovate or ovato-globose, straight, simple, dark-coloured, excluded in tendrils. — Tul. Carp, ii.p. 42. (Fig. 380.) Fig. 380. 798 SPH2EEJACEI . 2395. Nummulaiia Bulliardi. Tul. “ Bulliard’s Nummularia.” Determinate, quite plane, continuous, externally and inter- nally black ; perithecia immersed, ovate ostiola globose, slightly prominent ; sporidia round, or elliptical, brown then black. — Tul. Carp. ii. p. 42, t. v.f. 11-19. Hypoxylon nummularium , Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46,/. 59. FcJcl. exs. no. 1062. Bull. t. 4 68,/. 4. Berk. Outl.p. 386. Sph. nummularia , Fr. S.M. ii.y>. 348. Eng. Fl.v.p. 240. S. macula , Tode. f. 106. S.'diffusa , Sow. t. 373. Schm. M.H. t. i ./. 16. Moug. exs. no. 374. On wood and bark. [United States.] Hard, orbicular, elliptic or longitudinally effused from the confluence of one or more individuals, \-2 in. broad, 1 line thick, separable from the matrix, even, very slightly papillated under a lens ; ostiola distant ; peri- thecia large, immersed.— Tories. (FVy. 380.) Sporidia (*0004- *0006 in.) *01-‘015 m.m. Gen 345. EUTYPA, Tul. Stroma fused with the matrix. Perithecia immersed, sometimes in the matrix, papillate ; para- physes few ; sporidia clustered, linear and curved, or ovate and straight, simple, pale (sometimes dark coloured). — Tul. Carp . ii. p. 52. (Fig. 381.) Fig. 381. * Sporidia hyaline. 2396. Enlypa Achazii. Tul. " Acharius’ Eutypa.” Scattered ; perithecia immersed, globose ; ostiola proceeding from a black spot, minute, convex, slightly prominent, at length umbilicate ; sporidia biseriate, colourless, slightly curved. — Tul. Carp. li.p.bS.t. 7, fig. 8-20. Sphceria eutypa, Fr. S.M. ii. p.AlS. Fries, exs. no. 15,348. Eng. Fl.Y.p. 267. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 58,/. 73. Berk. exs. no. 178. S. decomponens , Sow. t. 217. Eutypa maura , Fckl. exs. no. 1050. On dead branches. Common. Yery much resembling Eutypa lata . Sporidia (*0002-*0003 in.) # 005-*0075 m.m, (Tig. 381.) SPHiERIACEI. 799 2397. Eutypa lata. Tul. “ Broad Eutypa.” Broadly effused, emergent, unequal ; perithecia close sunk in the wood, covered with a thin black stroma ; ostiola slightly prominent, conical ; sporidia crowded, yellowish in a mass, al- most colourless when single, curved obtuse at the ends. — Tul . Carp . ii. p. 56. FcJcl. exs. no. 1046. Diatrype lata, Curr. Linn . Trans, xxii. t. 4:7, f. 110. S. lata, Fr. S.M. \\.p. 369. Fries exs. tio.112. Moug.exs.no. 668. Eng. FI. v.p. 245. Hoffm. V.C.i.t. 4, /. 3. On wood, dry branches, &c. Common. [United States.] Generally effused for some inches, but sometimes interrupted ; staining the wood on which it grows dull black j rough with the slightly prominent shining ostiola. — M.J.B . Sporidia (*0002-*0004 in.) *005-‘01 m.m. 2398. Eutypa flavo- virens. Tul. “ Yellow-green Eutypa.” Unequal, rugose, black within, pulverulent, yellow-green ; perithecia globose ; ostiola rather prominent, punctiform ; sporidia crowded, yellowish, curved — Tul. Carp. ii. p , 57, t. 7 ,f. 1-7. Fckl. exs. no. 1049. Diatrype flavo-virens, Fr. S.V.S. p. 385. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46,/. 65. Rabh. exs. no. 48. 5. flavo-virens. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 357. Moug.exs. no. 375. Fries, exs. no. 222. Hoffm. V.C. i. t. 2 ,/. 4. Grev. t. 320. Eng. FI. v.p. 240. S. multiceps , Sow. t. 394./. 8. Fckl. exs. no. 1825. var.fi. On dead branches or naked wood. Variable, but easily distinguished by the colour of the stroma. Sporidia (•0003 in.) *0075 m.m. 2399. Eutypa spinosa. Tul. “ Spiny Eutypa.” Very widely effused, emergent, jet black ; perithecia at length connate ; ostiola spinous, thick, four-sided, sulcate ; sporidia al- most colourless, curved, rounded or acute. — Tul . Carp, ii p. 59. Fckl. exs. no. IOoO. Sphceria spinosa, Pers. Syn. t. 2,/. 9-12. Moug. exs. no. 376. Fr. S.M. ii .p. 368. Eng. FI. v.p. 244. Fries. exs.no. 11. FI. Dan. t. 2038, /. 2. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 47, /. 108. On hard wood. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Spreading over the wood for a great space, and staining it black j when young immersed, scabrous, villous, rugose ; perithecia almost free, covered with a thin crust ; when old sub-emergent, remarkable for its large prom- inent, pyramidal, or irregular, always rugged ostiola. Perithecia ovato- globose, rather large, joined by a thin crust.— Frieb. Sporidia 00003 in.) '0075 m.m. 800 SPHJERIACEI* 2400. Eutypa leioplaca. Fr. “ Interrupted Eutypa.” Emergent, interrupted, even, black, of the same colour within ; perithecia close ; ostiola very small, at length umbilicate ; sporidia biseriate, curved, of a pale yellowish tinge. — (Not FcJcl. exs. no. 1047.) D iatrype leioplaca, Fr. S.V.S.p. 385. Curr Linn. Trans. xxii. t. 47, /. 101. S. leioplaca , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 370. Fries exs. no. 112. B. Eng. FI. y.p. 245. S. immersa , Sow. t. 37£,f. 1. On wood and dry branches. [Low. Carolina.] Distinguishable by its interrupted mode of growth more even surface, and far more minute ostiola, from E. lata. Sporidia ('0004 in.) *01 m.m. 2401. Eutypa scabrosa. Fckl. “ Rough Eutypa.” Conidia. — Apical on brownish threads of the hyphasma, ovate, brown. — Fckl. exs. no. 1045. Ascophore. — Emergent or superficial, blackish ; tubercles sub- rotund, stipate, confluent in a broad crust ; ostiola conical, rough ; asci stipitate ; sporidia cylindrical curved, simple, pale brownish. — Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 215. Diatrype scabrosa , Fr. S. V.S.p. 385. Sph. scabrosa , Fr. S.M. ii.p. 360. Berk. Ann. N.H.no. 171. Fckl. exs. no. 1039. Hypoxylon scabrosum , Bull , t. 468, f. 5. Valsa scabrosa , Nke . Pyr. Germ . p. 138. On maple. Seated on a broadly effused crust, at first subcontinuous, soon cracked and tuberculose \ tubercles subrotund, irregular, rather prominent. 2402. Eutypa rhodi. Fckl. “ Kose Eutypa.” Stroma effused, maculseform, determinate, circumscribed by a black line; perithecia small, globose or depressed; ostiola, minute, punctiform, slightly prominent, pierced ; asci narrowly clavate, stipitate ; sporidia cylindrical curved, simple, nearly colourless, with a brownish tinge. — Fckl . Sym. Myc. p. 213. Valsa rhodi , Nke. Pyr. Germ, i .p. 148. On Rosa canina. Shere. (Dr. Capron.) Apparently quite distinct from its near allies. | Sporidia coloured. 2403. Eutypa decipiens. Tul. “ Deceptive Eutypa.” Effused, perithecia ovate-oblong, immersed, covered with grey-black bark ; ostiola hemispherical, rugose, hollowed out ; sporidia elliptical, variable, sometimes slightly curved, rather SPHiERIACEI. 801 dark brown. — Tul Ca?p.ii. p. 60 , t. 8 ,/. 1 - 9 . Diatrype decipiens , Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49 , f. 196 . S. decipiens , D.C. FI. Fr. ii. p. 285 . Eng. FI. v. p. 246 . Rabh. F.E. no. 144 . S.floriformis , Sow. t. 297 . On hornbeam. Perithecia ovate - oblong, with, a rather long neck, surmounted by the beautifully radiato-rugose, more or less deeply umbilicate ostiola.— M . J. B. Sporidia ('0003 in.) *0075 m.m. 2404. Eutypa elevata. B. “ Many spored Eutypa.” Elongated, emergent, somewhat cracked ; perithecia scattered, globose, middle-sized, with a conical neck, immersed in the wood ; ostiola punctiform ; asci clavate ; sporidia numerous, opaque, sausage-shaped. — Diatrype elevata , B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 844 . Sphoeria elevata, Berk. Hook. Jour. ( 1845 ),/?. 298 . Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 47 ,/. 109 . On dead twigs of Euonymus. Jan. Batheaston. Sporidia C0003--00035 in.) ‘0075--0085 m.m. long (B. & Br.), 00006--0007 in.) -015--017 m.m. (F.C.) Forming elongated, raised, irregular, black, or greyish spots, ^ line thick, £-1 line long. Perithecia globose, middle-sized, with a conical neck, im- mersed in the wood, scattered, covered with a thin black stroma ; ostiola punctiform, not very visible externally ; asci clavate, containing an indefinite number of curved opaque sporidia, which are far larger than in the neigh- bouring species, resembling Eutypa lata , but distinguished by the much larger opaque sporidia which are contained in clavate asci. — M. J . B. Gen. 346. MELOGRA3YENIA, Tul. Stroma suhglobose, depressed, cellu- lar ; perithecia immersed, adnate ; spo- ridia linear, lanceolate, or ovate, pluri- locular or simple. — Tul. Carp . ii. p. 81 . Fr. S.V.S.p. 386 . (Fig. 382 .) 2405. Melogramma Bulliardi. Tul. “ Buliiard’s Melogramma. ,, Subrotund, obconical, dingy, blackish ; perithecia confluent, rather prominent ; sporidia biseriate, linear-lanceolate or fusiform, straight or slightly arcuate, at length quadrilocular, ultimate cells at either end hyaline. — Tul. Carp. ii. p. 81 , t. xi ./. 1 - 9 . Melo- grammafusisporium, Fr. S. V»S. p. 386 . Berk. Outl. p. 391 . Sph. Fig. 382. 802 SPHiERIACEI. fusispora,Duby. Klotsch.exs. 1832. Bot. Zeit. (1854)^9. 204. Sph. melogramma, Fr. S.M.ii.p. 420. Desm. exs. no. 971. Fckl.exs. no. 1033. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49, f. 194. Moug. exs. no. 274. Melogramma vagans , De Mot, Micr.It. ix. t. 16. Variolaria melogramma , Bull . t. 492 ,f. 1. On hornbeam bark. Sporidia ‘04-*05 m.m. long, *004-*006 m.m. broad. (‘0014-*002 in. long. — Currey .) (Pig. 382.) 2405. Melogramma homaleum. Fr. We know of no published description of this species. The habit is very much like a Cucurbitaria . Asci cylindrical ; spo- ridia uniseriate, triseptate, with an occasional transverse septum, constricted, brown. — Fr. S. V.S. p. 386. Fr. exs. no. 382. Berlc. Outl.p. 391. On dead bark. The above description of the fruit is from a fragment of Fries, exs. no. 382, kindly furnished by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley. Sporidia (‘00037 X ‘00012 in.) ‘008 X *003 m.m. Melogramma oligosporum, B. & Br. see Cucurbitaria macro - spora. Tul. 2407. Melogramma rubro-nctatum. B.tfBr. “Brick red Melogramma.” Pycnidia. — Perithecia rather crowded ; stylospores small, elliptical, hyaline. — Phoma ulmicola , Berk. Hook. Journ. v. (1853) t. 3, /. 3. Ann. N.H. xiii. (1854), no. 737. Ascophore. — Perithecia confluent ; ostiola papillaeform, brick- red ; asci linear ; sporidia oblong, triseptate. — B. <$• Br. Ann. N.H. no. 894. Massaria lateritia , Tul. Carp. ii. p. 243. On elm bark. Dec. King’s Cliffe. At first bursting through the cuticle and forming distinct round patches, which, however, at length run together into a nearly uniform mass ; peri- thecia confluent; ostiolum papillaeform, perforated, the perforation surrounded with brick-red meal ; asci linear ; sporidia uniseriate, oblong (*0006 in.) ‘015 m.m. long, triseptate. When the red meal is rubbed off it looks as if it be- longed to the tribe Concrescentes. —B. Br. 2403. Melogramma gyro sum. Tul. “ Orange Melogramma.” Spermo<^)nia. — Spermatia very minute, ovate -cylindrical, simple. Ascophore. — Subrotund, confluent, orange-vermillion ; stroma yellowish ; perithecia gyrose, pulverulent, at length slightly pro- SPHiERIACEI. 803 minent ; sporidia linear-lanceolate.— Tul. Carp, ii .p. 87. Endo - thia gyrosa , jPr. aS. P-A^-p. 385. Berk. Outl. p. 384. Sphceria gyrosa , Schwein. Syn. Car. Eng. FI. v. p. 254. Sphceria Jiuens , aSW. £. 438. Sphceria radicalism Babh. exs. no. 254. On bark. New Forest. [United States.] Sporidia '0065 m.m. long, *002 m.ra. broad. — Tul. 2409. MeXogzamma gastrinum. Tul. “ Swollen Melo- gramma.” Ventricose, erumpent ; stroma pallid ; perithecia scattered irregularly ; necks included ; disc nearly plane, black ; sporidia oblong or elliptical, at first pale -green, then dark-brown, with 1-3 nuclei. — Tul. Carp. ii. p. 89. Hypoxylon gastrinum , Berk . Outl.p. 386. Sph. gastrina , Fr. S.M . ii. p. 379. S. irregularis, Sow. t. 37 4, f. 9. Curr. Linn . Trans, xxii. t. £7,f. 96. On elm. Autumn — Spring. [Up. Carolina.] Sporidia ('0004 in.) '01 m.m. Gen. 347. POLYSTIGMA, Pers. Epiphyllous. Perithecia globose, immersed in a fleshy stroma ; spo- ridia ovate, simple. — Tul. Carp . iii. p. 75. Bon. Handb. p. 55. (Fig. 383.) 2410. Poly stigma rubrum. Pers. “ Ked Polystigma,’ , Hypophyllous, orbicular, bright- red, at length red-brown ; cells im- mersed, red ; ostiola sub immersed ; spermatia linear, curved at the tips ; asci obovate-clavate ; sporidia ellip- tical, obtuse, straight, simple.— D. Cand. Mem. Mus. t. 6, /. 7. Tul. Carp.ii . p. 76, t. viii./. 10-20. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 222. Cooke exs.no. 182. Dothidea rubra , Fr. S.M . ii. p. 553. Fries exs no. 191. Eng. FI. v.p. 286. Xylomarubrum , Pers. Syn.p. 103. Purt. t. 33. Moug. exs. no. 270. Grev. t. 120. Baxt . exs. no. 32. Fckl. exs. no. 1003. On living sloe leaves. Summer and Autumn. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Spermatia *03 m.m. Sporidia ‘01 by ‘006 m.m. — Tul . (Tig. 383,). 804 SPH^RIACEI. 2411 . Polystigma fulvum. B.C. “ Tawny Polystigma.” Hypophyllous, somewhat angular, tawny ; cells immersed, of the same colour ; ostiola immersed ; spermatia and sporidia ? — DeCand. Mem. Mus.t. 6, /. 8. Tul. Carp.ii.p. 79. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 222. Dothidea fulva, Fr . S.M . ii. p. 554. Fries exs.no. 241. Eng. FI. v. p.286. Moug.exs.no. 271. Fckl. exs. no. 1826. On living leaves of Prunus padus. Scotland. Gen. 348. 3DOTH1BEA, Fr. Perithecia none. Nucleus con- tained in globose cavities immersed in the stroma, with a decided neck, and papilliform ostiolum. Sporidia simple or septate. — Fr. S.M. ii ,p. 548. Tul. Carp.ii. p.65. (Fig. 384.) Section 1. iPoliicolse. Section 2. Caulicolae. Section 3. Lichenicolae. Fig. 384. Sect. 1. Foliicolce . 2412 . Bothidea ulmi. Fr. “ Elm-leaf Dothidea.” Spermogonia. — According to some 2 i\\t}ioT$=Septoria Ulmi , Fr. (See no. 1297, ante.) — Pycnidia. — Forming small, irregularly, stellate, aggregate tubercles ; stylospores broadly ovate, on short sporophores, tomi- parous. — Piggotia astroidea , B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 503. (See no. 1296, ante.) Ascophore. — Epiphyllous, roundish, confluent, convex, grey- ish-black, black within ; cells white ; ostiola granulseform ; asci cylindrical, stipitate ; sporidia simple, ovate-oblong, hyaline. — Fr. S.M.ii.p. 555. Eng.Fl.y.p. 286. Grev.t. 200,/. 1. FcJcl. exs.no. 1013. Cooke exs. no. 184. Berk. exs. no. 192. Sow. t. 374:, f. 3. Phyllachora ulmi, Fckl. Sym. Myc.p . 218. On elm leaves. Common. The asci are not matured until spring, after the leaves have laid upon the ground through the winter. SPIL2ERIACE1. 805 2413. Bothidea betulina. Fr. “ Birch-leaf Dothidea.” Epiphyllous, angular, but irregular, tuberculated, shining black, black within ; cells white ; sporidia oblong ovate, obtuse, straight, uniseptate, very pale yellow. — Fr . S.M . ii. p. 554. Fries exs . no. 144. Grev. t. 200, /. 2. Fckl. exs . no. 1015. Xyloma , D.C. Mem . il/ws. £. 3, /. 1. Moug. exs. no. 370. Wahl. FI. Lap . £. 30,/. 3. Phyllachora betulina , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p . 217. On living birch leaves. 2414. Dothidea heraclei. ify. “ Hog- weed Dothidea.” Spermogonia. — -According to some authors=/S^pfona heraclei. Lib. exs. no. 51. Fckl. exs. no. 515. (See no. 1298, ante.) Ascophore. — Amphigenous, confluent, angular, rugoso-tuber- culate, opaque, black, within blackish; cells white; sporidia? — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 556. Eng. FI. Y.p. 287. Fckl. exs. no. 792. Phyl- lachora heraclei , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 219. On living leaves of Heracleum spondylium. 2415. Bothidea podagr arias. Fr. " Gout- weed I>othidea.’ , Spermogonia. — According to some authors=/S^ona poda- grarice , Lasch. Fckl. exs.no. 514. Sept, cegopodii , Desm. exs. no. 616. Cooke exs. no. 146. (See no. 1302 ante.) Ascophore. — Hypophyllous, simple, or connate, irregular, rather shining, black, papillate, seated on an indeterminate black crust; sporidia? — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 556. Fries exs. no. 192. Fckl. exs. no. 1024. Phyllachora jEgopodii, Fckl. Sym . Myc.p . 218. On living leaves of JEgopodium podagraria. 2416. Bothidea tirifolii. Fr. “ Clover Dothidea.” Conidia. — According to some 8LXJLth.ors=Polythrincium Trifolii. Kze. (See no. 1743.) Spermogonia. — Spermatia very minute, cylindrical, curved. — Fckl. Sym. Myc. 218. Fckl. exs . no. 1022. Ascophore. — Covered, subrotund, rather prominent, tuber- culose, rugulose, black ; cells immersed in a pulverulent stroma ; sporidia? — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 435. Eng. FI. y.p. 257. Baxt.exs. no. 84. Phyllachora trifolii , Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 218. On living clover leaves. Common. 806 SPHiERIACEI. 2417. Dothidea junci. Fr. “ Rush Dothidea.” Spermogonia. — Oblong, irregular, flat, shining ; disc tawny ; spermatia ? — Leptostroma juncinum , Fr. exs. no. 330. JBerTc. Ann. N.H. no. 108. Berk. exs. no. 197. Ascophore. — Covered, at length bursting by longitudinal chinks between the fibres, tuberculated ; cells in rows, black within, at first immersed in a black stroma ; sporidia biseriate, yellowish-brown, linear-acuminate, triseptate. — Fr. S.V.S. p. 387. Fckl. exs. no. 1020. Berk, exs . no. 35. Phyllachora junci , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 216. Sphceria junci , Fr. S.M . ii. j9. 428. Eng . Fl.v.p. 256. Fries exs. no. 5. Moug.exs. no. 964. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49, f. 199. Cooke exs. no. 243. On stems of rushes. Common. Sporidia (*0012) *03 m.m. long. According to Fuckel the sporidia are simple, uniseriate, and ovate. 2418. Dothidea graminis. Fr. “ Grass Dothidea.” Covered, unequal, rugulose, rather prominent, black; cells disposed indistinctly in rows, latent, as well as the ostiola; spo- idia colourless, broadly elliptical, frequently with a large globose nucleus. — Fr. S.V.S. p . 387- Phyllachora graminis. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 216. Sph. graminis , Pers. Syn.p. 30. Fr. S.M. ii.y?. 434. Eng. FI. v. p. 257. Nees.f. 314. Fries, exs.no. 282. Moug. exs. no. 876. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49,/. 211. Fckl. exs. no. 1018. Cooke exs. no. 185. On half dead leaves of grass. Common. 2419. Dothidea caricis. Fr. “ Sedge Dothidea.” Covered, unequal, confluent, black, tuberculose from the pro- minent cells ; sporidia? — Fr. S.V.S. p. 387. Sph. caricis , Fr. S.M. ii. p.435. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 604. On leaves of Carices. Forfarshire. 2420. Dothidea Johnstoni. B. Br. “ Johnston’s Dothidea.” Spots minute, orbicular ; cellsconcentric, half-free ; asci short; sporidia obovate-oblong,uniseptate. — B. fyBr. Ann. N.H. no. 661. On leaves of Epilobium. Berwick. Forming little black spots about a line broad, studded with concentric half-free cells, with a little round aperture ; there are sometimes a few scat- tered short stiff brown hairs on the surface, occasionally converging over tie orifice. Asci short, subcylindrical, generally rather thicker below ; sporidia biseriate, obovato-oblong, at length pale-brown, uniseptate. Habit almost that of Sphceria rumicis.—B.tyBr. SPHiERIACEl. 807 2421. Dothidea pteiridis. Fr. “ Bracken frond Dothidea.” Hypophyllous, following the veins, elongated, cinereous-black, opaque, internally black ; ostiola minute, slightly prominent ; asci clavate ; sporidia elongated, triseptate, hyaline. — Fr. S.M . \i.p. 555. Reb.t. 1,/. 3. Fries exs. no. 67. Schm. exs. no. 2. Cooke , Fern Book p. 20, fig. 7-9. Fckl. exs.no. 1016. Phyllachora pteri- diSj Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 218. On fronds of Pteris aquilina. Fuckel states that the spermogonia of this species will be found in Fusi- dium pteridis , Rabh. F.E. no. 389. Sect. 2. Caulicolce. 2422. Dothidea tetraspora. B. Sf Br. “ Four-spored Dothidea.” Stroma pulvinate ; cells immersed or subprominent ; asci cy- lindrical, tetrasporous ; sporidia uniseriate, uniseptate, obovate, constricted in the middle. — B. Br . Ann. N.H. no. 899, £.11, /. 39. On dead twigs of Daphne laureola and Ulex. Feb. Moss- burnford. Stroma pulvinate, black, either quite even or studded with the projecting cells; asci cylindrical, containing four sporidia arranged in a single row ; sporidia ( 001-’0013 in.) '025 ’03 m.m. long, obovate, uniseptate, yellow- brown, the lower articulation generally shorter and narrower ; very rarely there is a third septum.— B. <§ Br. 2423. Dothidea melanops. Tul. “ Beech Dothidea.” Microstylospores spermatia-like, narrowly cylindrical, straight ; macrostylospores oblong-lanceolate. Ascophore. — B ounded, irregular, plane or depressed, black, very smooth, bursting through stellate fissures in the bark. Asci large, oblong-cylindrical, very obtuse ; sporidia subelliptic, a little constricted towards each end, pallid, granular or nucleate. — Tul. Carp. ii. p. 73, t. 10. B. $•. Br. Arm. N.H. (1866), no. 1179. On beech. Jedburgh. Sporidia ('0008 '001 in.) '025-'035 m.m. long (*0004-'00"5 in.), ‘013-'016 m.m. broad. 2424. Dothidea rihesia. Pers. u Currant Dothidea.” Erumpent, subelliptic, depressed, black, of the same colour within ; cells very small, white, seated near the surface ; conidia 808 SPBLZERIACEI. ovato-globose ; sporidia fusiform, straight, unequally two-celled. — Tul. Carp. ii.p. 67, t. ix. Berk. exs. no. 91. Fckl. exs. no. 1005. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 550. Eng. FI. v. p. 285. Fries exs. no. 100. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 223. Sph. ribesia , Pers. Syn.p. 14. Moug. exs. no, 275. Nees.f. 312. Stromato sphceria ribesia , Grev. FI. Ed.p. 357. On dry branches of red currant and gooseberry. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia *016- , 022 m.m. long, *0065 m.m. broad. — Tul. (Fig. 384J 2425. Dothidea rosae. Fr. “ Rose Dothidea.” Subrotund, erumpenti-innate ; stroma pale brown ; perithecia globose, somewhat immersed, stuffed with white jelly ; sporidia crowded, colourless, broadly almond-shaped. — Fr. S. V.S.p. 386. Fckl. Sym . Myc.p. 223. Berk. exs. no. 32. Fckl. exs.no. 1008. Cooke exs. no. 235. Sph. Dothidea , Fr. S.M. ii . p. 424. Eng. FI. y. 255. Fries . exs. no. 308. Moug. exs. no. 971. Curr. Linn . JWms.xxii. t. 49,/. 190. On living rose stems. Forming irregular tubercles covered with the epidermis, which is cracked with irregular flexuous fissures. Sporidia (*0007-* 0009 in.) *017-‘02 m.m. 242®. Dothidea striaeformis. Fr. “ Linear Dothidea.” ?■ Covered with the innate blackened epidermis, at length bursting in the midst, lanceolate, short, acute ; perithecia in rows, mouth- less ; sporidia? — Fr. S.V.S.p. 386. Sph. striceformis, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 428. Fries, exs. no. 195. Eng. FI. v ,p. 256. On dead herbaceous stems. 2427. Dothidea filicma. Fr. “ Bracken Dothidea.’ , Spermogonia. — Elongated, irregular, even, black, marked when perfect with an elevated longitudinal rib, at length sepa- rating entirely at the base ; spermatia ? — Leptostroma Jilicinum , Fr. Obs. i.p. 197. Eng. FI. y.p. 297. Moug. exs. no. 47 6. Cooke exs. no. 334. Sphceria pteridis , Sow. t. 394,/. 10. Ascophore. — Subinnate, parallel, confluent, shining, black, erumpent by parallel fissures ; stroma black ; cells connate, seri- ate ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptical, constricted, uniseptate, hyaline. — Fr. S. V.S.p. 386. Cooke exs. no. 244. Sphceria filicina, Fr. S.M. ii.p. 427. Eng. FI. v. p. 255. Berk. exs. no. 33. Fries, exs. no. 48. Schm. exs. no. 202. Cooke Fern Book, p. 21,/. 8-10. Bhopographusjilicinus , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 219. SPHiERIACEl. 809 On stems of Pteris aquilina . Common. According to Fuckel ( Sym - Myc. t. vi ./. 31) the sporidia are triseptate, with a short hyaline appendage at either end. Sect . 3. Lichenicolce. 2428. Dothidea Figgotii. B. & Br. “ Lichen Dothidea.” Orbicular, innate, surface papillate with the tips of the cells ; asci short, clavate ; sporidia biseriate, obovate or cymbiform tri- septate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 660. Sphceria homostegia , Nyl. Flor. (1857), p. 688. Homostegia adusta. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 224. Fckl. exs. no . 953. On Parmelia saxatilis. Aug. Wales. Forming little patches about a line broad completely adnate with the thallus ; surface opaque, black, papillate with the protruding tips of the semi-immersed cells, whose walls are black, but separated from each other by pellucid vertical cells running down below into hyaline subhexagonal cells with thick walls. Asci short, broad, subclavate; sporidia brown, biseriate, obovate, cymbiform, slightly curved, triseptate, very rarely quadriseptate. — B. Br. Dr. Lauder Lindsay has found a Dothidea somewhat resembling this ex- ternally, but much smaller, on a Parmelia . The fruit was immature, the short asci being tilled with granules. The patches were about one-third the size of those in D. Piggotii. * C. Valsei . Stroma determinate, verrucaeform. Perithecia im- mersed in stroma Diatrype. Perithecia circinating, ending in a disc . . . Valsa. Perithecia circinating. Conidia in a black mass, often oozing out Melanconis. Gen. 349. DIATRYPE, Fr. Fig. 385. Stroma determinate, verruciform ; perithecia immersed in tbe stroma ; sporidia hyaline, or coloured. — Fr. Berk. Outl.p. 387. ( Fig . 385.) Section 1. Asci many- spored Diatrypella. Section 2. Asci eight- spore d Diatrype genuina. 2 M 810 SPHiERIACEI. Sect. 1. Diatrypella — Asci many spored. 2429. Biatirype quercina. Tul. “ Oak Diatrype.” Perithecia 8-15 in a group, black; ostiola ovate, quadrisul- cate ; asci linear- clav ate ; sporidia numerous, yellowish in a mass, sausage-shaped, and colourless when free. — Tul. Carp. ii. p. 98, t. xii ./. 1-15 {not B. fy Br. nor Currey). Babh. exs. no. 819 and 635. Diatrypella quercina, Cooke exs. no. 242. Sferiacei Ital. p. 28. Sphceria quercina , Pers. Syn.p. 24, 1. 1,/. 7 b. JDesm. exs. no. 1725. Stromato sphceria quercina } Grev. FI. Ed. p. 358. Micros- toma enteroleucum , Fckl. exs.no. 1037. Diatrypella Rouselii, De Not. Sfer . Ital. t. 32. {Fig. 385.) On oak branches. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] 2430. Biatirype aspera. Fr. “ Rough Diatrype.” Orbicular or angular, convex, black ; perithecia attenuated into a slender neck, covered with a dirty-white stroma ; ostiola conico-cylindrical ; asci clavate ; sporidia numerous, curved, rounded at the ends, without nuclei. — Hoffm. Icon. iii. 1. 18,/. 3. Fckl. exs.no. 2057. Fr. S. V.S.p. 385. S. aspera , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 354. Eng. FI. v. p. 242. Diatrypella aspera , Fckl. Sym . Myc. p. 232. On branches of oak. Very much resembling D. verrucceformis, but the stroma is dirty-white, the ostiola more prominent, and the neck, instead of being short, attenuated. 24.31. Biatrype favacea. Fr. “ Birch Diatrype.” Irregular, black ; perithecia oblong-ovate, with a short neck covered with the thin dirty- white stroma ; ostiola rather promi- nent, convexo- subrotund ; asci clavate ; sporidia numerous, curved, rounded at the ends without nuclei. — Fr. S. V.S.p. 385. Fckl. exs. no. 1040. S. favacea, Fr. Obs. ii. t. 8, /. 5. S.M. ii. p. 354. Eng. FI. \.p. 242. Fries, exs. no. 306. Berk. Mag.Zool Bot. no. 17. Diatrypella favacea , DeNot. Schema , 28. On birch, yet covered with the bark. [Mid. Carolina.] Sometimes orbicular, sometimes irregular from several individuals being confluent, prominent, 2-4 lines or more broad, at first pale wood-colour. Perithecia disposed indistinctly in two layers, their bases subconnate, apices distinct covered with a thin stroma, which in the old state is obliterated ; base circumscribed by a fine black line. — Fries. SPHiERIACEl. 811 2432. Blatxype vearrucaeformis. Fr. “ Warty Diatrype.” Angular, convex, rugose, black, nearly of the same colour within, circumscribed below ; perithecia ovate, with a short neck ; asci fusiform ; sporidia numerous, crowded, yellowish in the mass, curved, rounded at the ends, usually nucleate. — Fr, S.V.S. p. 385. Curr. Linn . Trans, xxii. t. 46,/. 81. Sph. verrucceformis. Fr.S.M. ii. p, 355. Fries, exs. no. 74. Moug. exs. no. 867. Eng. FI. v. p. 242. Microstoma verrucceformis, Fckl. exs. no. 1036. S. parallela , Sow. t. 394,/. 4. Microstoma vulgare , Rabh. exs. no. 253. Diatrypella verrucceformis , Feld. Sym. Myc.p. 232. On branches of hazel, beech, &c. Common. [United States.] Bursting through the bark by the lacinise of which it is surrounded, 1 -In- line broad, black, brownish within, the orifices of the perithecia more or less distinct. — M.J.B. Sporidia (*0004 in.) *01 m.m. long. 2433. Biatxype angulata. Fr. “ Angular Diatrype.” Loosely circumscribed; stroma cortical ; perithecia few, crowded in the centre ; disc plane, black ; ostiola exceedingly small ; asci narrowly clavate, stipitate,polysporous ; sporidia, cylindrical, unicellular, curved, small, pale. — Valsa angulata , Fr. S.V.S.p. 411. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 848.* S. angulata , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 390. Fries, exs. no. 72. Eng. FI. v.p. 248. Diatrypella angulata. De Not. Schema, p. 28. Rabh. F.E. no. 1022. FcJcl . exs. no. 2058. On branches of beech, laburnum, birch, and lime. In the early stage the stroma is white. Desmazieres finds in Fries, exs. no. 72, sausage-shaped sporidia. — B. 4* Br. Sect. 2. Diatrype genuina — octosporous. A. Sporidia sausage-shaped. 2434. Biatrype stigma. Fr. “ Effused Diatrype.” Spermogonia. — Spermatia cylindrical, obtuse, slightly curved, oozing forth in reddish or orange tendrils . — Myxosporium croceum , Link. Sp. PI. Nemaspora microspora. Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat.x ix. ("1830 ),p. 271. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. v. ("1856/ p. 117. Ascophore. — Effused, often nearly surrounding the branch, flat, even, at length black ; ostiola nearly plane, sub-immersed; sporidia yellowish in the mass, almost colourless when single, slightly curved. — Sph. stigma , Hoffm. V.G . i. t. 2,/. 2. Moug. exs. 2 m 2 812 SPH^RIACEI. no. 372 , 373. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 350. Fries, exs. no. 46. Eng. FI. v. p. 241. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 46,/. 82. Stromato splicer ia stigma , Grev. t. 223,/ 2. £. decorticans , aSW. Z. 137. Sticto splicer ia Hoffmanni , Tul. Carp. ii. p. 50, A 6. Cooke exs. no. 240. Fckl. exs. 1043. Eutypa leioplaca , i^cH. wo. 1047. On sticks. Common. [United States.] Many inches long, throwing off the cuticle, varying with the ostiola, sunk in a little pit, and prominent. At first brownish, then black, generally cracked transversely. Sporidia ('0004 in.) , 01 m.m. 2435. Diatrype disciformis. Fr. “ Discoid Diatrype.” Orbicular, plane, even, black, white within ; perithecia attenu- ated into a slender neck; ostiola punctiform ; sporidia biseriate or crowded, yellowish in amass, almost colourless when detached, slightly curved. — Fr. S.V.S.p. 385. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 102. S., disciformis , Hoffm. V.C. i. t. 4,/. 1. Moug. exs. no. 80. Fr. S.M. ii .p. 353. Cooke exs. no. 389. Fries exs. no. 71. Eng. FI. v. p. 241. Curr. Linn. Trans. tlx ii. t. 46,/. 64. Str omato splicer ia disci- formis, Grev. t. 314. Sph. depressa , Sow. t. 216. On dry branches of beech. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] About 2 lines broad, at first reddish, more constantly round than D. bullata , flat or depressed, sometimes waved, not at all convex. Perithecia more oblong. Ostiola prominent, or immersed. Sporidia ('0002«*0003 in.) *005' ‘00/5 m.m. 2436. Diatrype bullata. Fr. “ Bullate Diatrype.” Erumpent, convexo-plane, oval, or reniform, black, white within, papillated with the ostiola ; sporidia crowded, cylindrical, obtuse, slightly curved. — Fr. S. V.S.p. 385. Tul. Carp, ii .p. 103. Rabli. exs. no. 47. Sph. bullata , Hoffm. V.C. t. 2./. 1. Pers. Ic. Piet. t. 3, f. 6, 7. Fr. S.M. ii .p. 349. Eng. FI. v. p. 241. Fries. exs.no.3V2. Moug. exs. no. 866. Spliceria placenta, Tode.f.%1. S. depressa , Bolt. t. 122, /. 1. Bull. t. 432,/. 2 ? On willow branches. 2-3 lines broad, gently convex, brownish, then black; perithecia in a single row, globose, often altered in form by mutual pressure, resting upon the matrix. Ostiola projecting slightly, often stellate. When cut off hori- zontally beneath the stroma a distinct black line is seen upon the wood. Sporidia C0002--0003 in.) ‘005--0075 m.m. 2437. Diatrype hystrix. Fr. 11 Hedge hog Sphaeria.” Bursting forth transversely, depressed, oval, rather plane, black, brownish within ; rostella distinct, somewhat incrassated above ; sporidia sausage-shaped, minute. — Fr. Summ . F.£. p . SPHdETtXACEI. 813 385. B. . 275. Berk. exs. no. 29. Cooke exs. no. 237. On branches of sloe. [Mid. Carolina.] Bursting forth transversely. Sporidia (*0003 in.) *007 m.m. 2461. Valsa stellulata. Fr. “ Stellate Valsella.” Spermogonia. — Spermatia cylindrical, curved. — Cytispora sp. Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 196. Ascophore. — Subrotund, immersed; stroma white, or dirty- white, circumscribed ; ostiola short, ovato*globose,radiato-stellate ; asci elliptical ; sporidia biseriate, very pale yellowish, simple, slightly curved, rounded at the ends. — Fr. S.V.S.p. 411. Fckl. exs.no.5Sl. Sphceria stellulata, Fr. S.M.ii. p. Fries, exs. no. 442. Eng. FI. Y.p. 246. Curr. Linn . Trans, xxii. t. 47,/. 120. Berk. exs. no. 79. Cooke exs. no. 382. On elm branches. Gen. 351 . Fig. 388. [United States.] 822 SPH^EIACEX. Variable as to the size of tbe patches, their manner of bursting through, the colour of the stroma, and length of the ostiola ; sometimes the latter are crowded and pierce the epidermis in a fascicle, occasionally irregularly scat- tered, the patches somewhat confluent, and the whole surface of the branch pierced by a single ostiolum, which, though varying in length, are always curi- ously sulcate. 2462. Valsa syngenesia. Fr. “ Elder Vulsella.’’ Conical, free, adnate at the base ; stroma cinereous-black ; ostiola exserted ; sporidia cylindrical, curved, minute, hyaline. — Fr. Summ . V.S.p. 411. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 847 (not Currey). Sph. syngenesia , Fr. Obs. ii. t. 7,/. 1. Cooke exs. no. 238. On elder. [On Rubus, Mid. Carolina.] Two species similar in habit, but differing in fruit, appear to have been confounded by Fries in his observations ; Rev. M. J. Berkeley thinks this to be the genuine species, whilst Messrs. Currey, Nitschke, Fuckel, &c., refer it to the species included here under Diatrypefrangulce. (3, Incusce. 2463. Valsa nivea. Fr. “ Snowy disc Valsella.*’ Spermogonia. — Cells set in a conceptaculum ; disc erumpent, at length black ; tendrils yellow ; spermatia minute. — Cytispora chrysosperma, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 542. Eng. FI. y.p. 282. Moug. exs. 881. Ascophore. — Conic ; stroma white, contained in a close dimi- diate conceptaculum, which easily separates from the bark ; disc truncate, mealy, almost snow-white ; ostiola slightly prominent, globose, even ; asci lanceolate, sessile ; sporidia cylindrical, curved, simple, hyaline. — Fr. S.V.S. p. 411. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 128, t. 22,/. 12-21. De Not. Sfer.Ital. i. t. 36. Fckl. exs.no 602. Sphceria nivea , Hoffm. Veg. Cr. i. p. 26, t. 6,/. 3. Moug. exs. no. 278. Eng. FL Y.p. 248. Fr. S.M. ii .p. 386. Fries, exs. no. 76. Funck. exs. no. 281. S. marginata , Sow. t. 372,/. 7. var. polyspora. Sporidia numerous. — Curr. Linn . Trans. xxii./. 126. Valsa polyspora, Nke. Pyr. Germ. p. On branches of poplar, hawthorn, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia (*0002- , 0003 in.) ’OOS-’OOr m.m. long. 2464. Valsa leucostoma. Fr. “ White-mouthed Valsella.” Spermogonia. — Cytispora nivea , Fckl. En. F.N. Cytispora ocellata , Fckl. exs. no. 1968. SPEL3ERIACE1# 823 Ascophore.— Somewhat conic ; stroma cortical, contained in a close dimidiate conceptaculum ; disc truncate, white, perforated by the black poriform ostiola ; asci oblong, sessile ; sporidia cy- lindrical, curved, simple, hyaline. — Fr. S.V.S.p. 411. Fclcl. exs. no. 603. Valsa Persoonii , Nke. Pyr. Germ . i. p. 222. S. leucos- toma , Fr. S.M. ii .p. 387. Fries, exs. no. 258. Nees.f. 332. Moug. exs. no. 659. Eng. FI. v. p . 248. Tode. f. 96. Berk. exs. no. 31. On branches of Prunus. Common. [United States.] At first resembling a Cytispora , with 1-2 black included ostiola, but when perfect bearing many minute exserted, now and then slightly prominent os- tiola. It differs from V. nivea in the nature of the disc, the obliterated stroma, and the more adnate conceptaculum. — Fries . 2465. Valsa Kunzei. Fr. “ Kunze’s Larch Vulsella.’* Spermogonia. — Cytispora sp.Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 201. Ascophore. — Conical ; stroma pallid — yellow ; disc waxy, dingy, at first pierced with a pore, then the small black ostiola, umbilicate ; asci elliptical ; sporidia biseriate, almost colourless, curved. — Sph. Kunzei , Fr. Kze. M.H. ii. p. 45. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 601. Curr. Linn. Trans. ii. t. 48,/. 133. Fckl. exs. no . 1728. On fallen branches of larch. Orbicular, prominent ; disc erumpent, truncate, dingy cinereous or oliva- ceous, conceptaculum scarcely a line broad, scutelliform, black, adnate to the inner bark j perithecia minute, numerous, crowded. Sporidia ( 0004in.) *01 m.m. long. 2466. Valsa microstoma. Fr. “ Small-mouthed Yalsella.” Spermogonia. — Spermatia cylindrical, curved, minute. — Cy- tispora sp. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 199. Ascophore. — Orbicular, subimmersed; disc prominent, nearly plane ; ostiola very minute, globose, covered ; sporidia biseriate, colourless, transparent, curved, obtuse. — Fr. S. V.S.p. 411 . Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 47, f. 130. Sph. microstoma , Fries, exs. no. 185. Berk. Mag. Zool. Bot. no. 20. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 388. Fees, f. 331. Fckl. exs.no. 1972. On dead sloe. Sporidia (.OOOS-'OOO/ in.) *0127-‘0177 m.m long. 2467. Valsa dissepta. Fr. “ Variable Elm Valsella.” Spermogonia. — Spermatia almost linear, on branched septate threads. 824 SPH^RIACEI. Ascophore. — Loosely circumscribed; perithecia scattered (sometimes crowded), large, saucer-shaped; ostiola erumpent, somewhat united ; sporidia cylindrical, curved, obtuse. — Diatrype stipata , B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 843-970*. S. dissepta , Fr. S.M. ii. p . 392. Fries . exs. no. 224. Eng. FI. v. p. 249. S. stipata , Curr. Phil. Trans. 1857. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 49,/. 197, Cooke exs. no. 239. S. saturnus, Sow. t. 216. Valsa hypodermia , B. <$*. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 862, 1. 10,/. 18 (not Fries). Quaternaria dis- septa , Tul. Carp. iii. p. 107. On branches of elm, &c. The scutellseform conceptaculum 1^-2 lines broad is most distinct, elliptic or slightly flexuous from the confluence of two individuals ; in the centre is a single perithecium, rarely two, covered with a dingy substance with a darker, slightly prominent ostiolum in the centre, and a slender neck, sepa- rated from the conceptaculum by the loose wood-coloured cortical stroma. — M.J.B. Sporidia ('0007-'0009 in.) *0177-‘022 m.m., sometimes reaching (*001 in.) '025 m.m. long. 2^68. Valsa contioversa. Fr. “ Variable Vulsella.’* Circumscribed ; stroma cortical, black ; perithecia immersed ; ostiola erumpent, rather prominent ; asci subclavate ; sporidia biseriate, hyaline, ovato -oblong, containing four nuclei. — Fr. S.V.S. p. 411. Sph. controversa , Desm . Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. ii. vol. xvii .p. 102. Desm. exs. no. 1255. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 602. On dead twigs of ash, Sophora Japonica , herbaceous stems, &c. Varying somewhat in external appearance on different plants, a greater or less number of perithecia being collected together, and the spots of a more or less deep-black. 2^69. Valsa dzyina. Curr. “ Brown Oak Valsella.” Perithecia pyriform, imbedded in a dirty-brown stroma ; os- tiola rather shorter than the perithecia, somewhat thickened to- wards the apex ; sporidia biseriate or crowded, colourless, strongly curved; asci and sporidia very delicate and hyaline. — Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48, /. 135 b. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 850. On dead oak branches. Weybridge. Sporidia ('0003 in.) *0076 m.m. long. 2170 . Valsa concamerata. Curr. “ Woolly Oak Valsella.” Perithecia raising the inner bark into a dome-shaped concep- taculum, tufts of perithecia united by white woolly fibres ; spo- SPHiERIACEI. 825 ridia crowded, colourless, curved. — Curr . Linn. Trans . xxii. t. 48, f. 184. B. m Rosce, Fckl.exs.no. 624.) Grev. t. 20. On stems of rose. var. qnercicola. Valsa decorticans , Fr. S.V.S. p. 412 (in part). Fckl. exs. no. 606. On oak branches. (Fig. 388.) £.473. Valsa abietis. Fr. 11 Fir-tree Valsella.” $FERMOGomA.=Cytisporapini. Fckl. exs. no. 628. Ascophore. — Immersed ; stroma thin, dirty white ; perithe- cia ovate, aggregate ; ostiola oblong, even, thick, collected into 826 SPHiERIACEI. a disc ; asci linear-oblong ; sporidia biseriate, cylindrical, colourless, curved. — Fr. S.V.S.p. 412. Fckl. exs. no. 609. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48. /. 147. S. abietis , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 398. Fries, exs. no. 77. Eng . FI. y.p. 249. Cucurbitaria pinastri, Grev. t. 50. On branches of Pinus abies . Sporidia ('0003-*0006 in.) ‘OO/G-’OIS m.m. long. 2474. Valsa ausrea. Fckl. “ Almond-spored Valsella.” Forming dark bullate spots, caused by the black peritbecia nestling beneath the thin epidermis, somewhat depressed around the ostiola, which are at first covered with a bright orange disc, at length naked ; perithecia from 4-6 in a group, black, with straight convergent necks, never confluent ; asci cylindrical, containing eight almond-shaped, large, uniseriate, hyaline spori- dia. — Fckl. Enum . F.N.jig. 20 (1861), Nke. Pyr. Germ.p. 220. Valsa amygdalina , Cooke Seem. Journ . Bot. t. f. 21 (1866), no. 446. Cooke exs. no. 250. Valsarutila , Tul. Carp. ii.p. 196 (1863). Wuestneia aurea , Fckl. exs. no. 587. On small twigs of hornbeam. Sometimes on the same twigs as V. 'bitorulom i from which it is distin- guished with the naked eye by the dark prominent perithecia and bright orange disc. 2475. Valsa ambiens. Fr. “ Circle Yalsella.” Spermogonia. — Conceptaculum none, cells black, circinating ; disc dingy, tendrils pale; spermatia minute. — Cytispora car - phosperma , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 543. Eng. FI. v. p. 282. Cytispora leu - cosperma , Fr. S.M. ii.p. 543. Desm. exs. no. 489. Ascophore. — Perithecia immersed, disposed in circles ; osti- ola even, subglobose, surrounding a dirty-white waxy disc ; sporidia colourless, 4 or 8 cylindrical, curved, obtuse, hyaline. — Fr. S.V.S.p . 412. Tul. Carp. ii.p. 176. Fckl. exs.no. 616. Cooke exs. no. 256. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48, f. 138. Sphceria am- biens, Fr S.M. ii. p. 403. Fries, exs.no. 8. Moug. exs. no. 872. FI. Dan. t. 2039,/. 1 . Eng. FI. v. p. 250. Berk. exs. no. 80. Valsa tetraspora , Curr: Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48,/. 148 (partly ).Fckl. exs. no. 2141. On dead branches, especially Rosacece . Common. [United States.] Varying much in size, in the degree of elevation above the general sur- face and the colour of the disc, which is sometimes jet black. — M.J.B. Sporidia (’0006 in.) '016 m.m. long. SPHAERIACE1. 827 2476. Valsa salicina. Fr. “ Willow Valsella.” Conidi A. — Pulvinate, stroma fleshy brown, lentiform, black ; conidia conglutinate, suboblong, brown. — Coniothecium amenta - cearum , Corda. Ic. i. fig. 26. B . Br . Ann. N.H . no. 460. Spermogonia. — C onceptaculum none ; cells black, circulating; disc plane, dirty brown ; tendrils delicate, pale ; spermatia minute. — Cytispora fugax,Fr . S.M. ii. p. 544. Bull. t. 432, /. 5. Eng. FI. v. p. 282. Cytispor a salicina, Rabli. exs.no. 439. FcJcl. exs. no. 623. Ascophore. — Pustulate; peritbecia globose, disposed in circles ; disc at length white, pierced with one or two pores ; ostiola globose, very minute, at length exserted ; asci tetra- sporous or octosporous ; sporidia cylindrical, curved, simple, hyaline. — Fr. S. V.S.p. 412. Fchl. exs. no. 615. Cooke exs. no. 377. S. salicina , Fr. S.M. ii. p. 401. Fries, exs. no. 10. Eng. FI. v.p. 250. Tode.f. 107. Valsa tetraspora, Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48,/. 148 (partly ). Berk. Ann. N.H. no. 367. Fckl. exs. no. 614. On willow twigs. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Perithecia distinct, thin, minute, about 8 in every circle, their necks united into a minute waxy, slightly prominent disc, which is at first dingy, then white, pierced with a black pore, when it is very like V. leucostoma , but when perfect the disc is obliterated by the shining globose ostiola. — Fries. 2477. Valsa platanigera. B.SfBr. “ Small Plane Valsella.” Disc minute, whitish ; perithecia few ; ostiola obscure ; asci clavate ; sporidia lanceolate, minute. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 851, t. 9,/. 12. On plane. Leicestershire. Perithecia 4-7 in a group, globose, subdecumbent, neck about the same length, oblique ; disc small, white ; ostiola obscure ; asci clavate ; sporidia hyaline, lanceolate (’0007 in.) *0177 m.m. long.— B. &Br. 2478. Valsa tetraploa. B.&Curt. “ Four-ribbed Valsella.” Perithecia crowded ; ostiola 20-30, forming a compact tuft, sub-quadrisulcate ; sporidia minute, oblong, curved. — Ann. N.H. no. 854. On dead sticks. Feb. Elmhurst. [United States.] Perithecia 20-30 crowded, their ostiola, which are mostly quadrisulcate, forming a little close tuft ; sporidia minute, sausage-shaped. — B. 4 Br. 828 SPHiERIACEI. 2179. Valsa ihodophila. B.&Br. “ Rose-twig Yalsella.” Pustules minute, convex, raising the cuticle ; ostiola minute, even, shining ; asci clavate ; sporidia cylindrical, oblong, curved. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 855. On dead rose twigs. Orton Wood. Pustules minute, lifting up the cuticle, which separates from them ; disc convex ; ostiola minute, shining, even; asci clavate, containing eight sausage-shaped sporidia ('0004 in.) '01 m.m. long. — B.& Br. 2189. Valsa quernea. Curr. “ Cluster-spored Yalsella.” Perithecia ? Sporidia slightly curved, simple, linear, colourless, sub-hyaline, crowded at the apex. — Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48,/. 141. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 856. On oak twigs. Sporidia (*0002-*0003 in.) , 005-*007 m.m., crowded together at the apex of the ascus, as in many Pezizce . S Circinatce . 2131. Valsa pulchella. Fr . “ Beautiful Yalsella.” Spermogonia. — Perithecia conico-cylindrical, mixed with the ascophorous perithecia ; spermatia linear, straight.— Tul. Carp, n.p. 109. Ascophore. — Perithecia globose, decumbent, circinating ; ostiola very long, flexuous, obtuse ; asci obovate, linear ; spori- dia cylindrical, curved, simple, obtuse, hyaline. — Fr. S.V.S.p. 412. Fckl . exs. no. 618. S. pulchella, Fr. S.M.ii.p. 406. Fries . exs. no. 146. Nees.f. 333. Moug. exs. no . 279. Eng. FI. v.p. 251. Cryptosphoeria pulchella , Grev. t. 67. Calosphceria princeps. Tul. Carp, ii .p. 109. t. 13,/. 17-22. On branches of birch and cherry. Chiefly in sub alpine dis- tricts. [United States.] 2132. Valsa quatexnata. Fr. “ Quaternate Yalsella.” Spermogonia. — Nucleus pallid ; spermatia, at length curved, very slender, orange. — Ncemaspora crocea , Moug. exs. no. 177. Fckl. exs. no. 634, 635. Eng. FI. v.p. 355. Ascophore. — Perithecia generally grouped four together, naked, decumbent ; ostiola short, obtuse, even, pierced ; sporidia biseriate, almost colourless, cylindrical, curved. — Fr. S.V.S.p. SPHiERJACEI. 829 412. Fckl. exs. no. 621. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48,/. 164, 165. CooJce. exs. no. 248. S. quaternata , Fr. S.M. ii .p. 409. Fries, exs. no. 9. FI. Dan. t. 2039, f. 2. Moug. exs. no. 179. Pers.Syn.t. 2, f. 1 , 2. Eng. FI. v. 251. Quaternaria Fersoonii, Tul. Carp. ii.p. 105, £. 12,/. 16-25. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 230, t. 2,/. 45. On beech branches. Common. [United States.] Perithecia generally but not constantly quaternate, decumbent, sometimes when the epidermis is stripped off adhering to it, but occasionally left be- hind in the inner bark ; ostiola collected together and perforating the bark by a little black, rugged, convex tubercle.— M.J.B. Sporidia ('0004-*0006 in.) *01-’015 m.m. long. 2483. Valsa foypodesrmia. Fr. “ Crusted elm Valsella.” Circinating ; perithecia globose, covered with a thin black crust ; ostiola subglobose, crowded, shining ; sporidia broadly fusiform, hyaline. — S. hypodermia , Fr. S.M. ii .p. 407. Fries, exs. no. 32. Eng. FI. v. p. 251. Berk. Mag. Zool. fy Bot.no. 21. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 970* (not Currey Linn. Trans, xxii. p. 280). Cryptospora hypodermia , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 192. On dead branches of Elm. Series 2. Tuber culostoma. Sporidia linear or filiform. 2484. Valsa lag eniformis. Curr. “ Flask-shaped Valsa.” Perithecia solitary or circinating, buried in the wood, procum- bent, the short ostiolum bending upwards and piercing the bark. A minute dark circle usually surrounds the ostiolum. Nucleus white ; asci linear, enormously long ; sporidia 6-8 filiform, the length of the ascus. — Curr. Linn. Trans, xxiv. t. 25,/. 16. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1096. Sph. lageniformis , Sollm. Bot. Zeit. 1862, p. 380. Ostropa cubicularis, Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 92. Lib. exs. no. 338. Tuber culostoma lageniforme , Sollm. Hedw. 1864, p. 116. Rabh. exs. no. 765. Fckl. exs. no. 2035. On Ash. Sept. Lewes. 2485. Valsa suffusa. Fr. “ Powdered Valsa,” Spermogonia. — Perithecia hemispherical, black ; spermatia minute, fusiform, curved, hyaline. — Cryptosporium Neesii , Corda. Sturm, ii. £.51. B. fyBr. Ann. N.H. no. 404. C. vulgar e : Fries. S. M. iii. p. 482. 830 SPHJERIACEI. Ascophore. — I mmersed, subpustulate, suffused with a yellow- ish powder ; disc minute, pallid, bordered with black ; ostiola erumpent, globose ; asci broadly obovate ; sporidia simple, very long, linear, obtuse, more or less arcuate. — FcJcl. exs.no. 1997. Cooke exs. no. 247. Tul. Carp. ii. p. 145. Sph. suffusa , Fr. S.M. ii. p.399. Fries exs. no. 229. Sph. cryptosporii, Curr. Micr. Journ. iii. p. 271, Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48,/. 144. Sph. Rabenhorstii , B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 631*. Valsa commutata , FcJcl. exs. no. 620. On beech and alder twigs. Sporidia (*00036 in.) # 008-*009 m,m. long. 2486. Valsa intexta. Cnrr . “ Interwoven Valsa.” Perithecia? Sporidia interwoven, filiform, very long. — Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48./. 169. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 860. On oak. Weyb ridge. . 246. Phil. Trans . (1857), p . 550, t. 25, / 20-22. Diatrype sordida , B. $ Br . Ann. N.H. no. 838. Agla- ospora taleola, Tul . Carp. n.p. 168. On oak branches. Common. [Low. Carolina.] Sporidia uniseriate, seldom biseriate, colourless, or pale sea-green, obtuse, constricted in the middle, furnished with four cilia, one proceeding from each pole, and one from the middle of each side ; endochrome usually gran- ular (*0008- , 0012 in.) *02-‘03 m.m. long. Sometimes when the endochrome is oleaginous, and not granular, the appearance of the sporidia is quite dif- ferent.— F.C. 2503. Valsa thelebola. Fr. * 1 Tailed Alder Valsa.” Pulviniform or conical, depressed or subtruncate ; asci oblong ; sporidia biseriate, amber-coloured, with a greenish tint or hya- line, slightly curved, obtuse at the extremities, commonly ciliate at each end, uniseptate. — Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. p. 280, t. 48, /. 157-159. Cooke Seem. Journ . (1866),/. 8. Sphceria thelebola, Fr. S.M. n.p. 408, no. 193. Sphceria ditissima, Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1856, iii.j^. 117. Aglaospora thelebola, Tul. Carp. ii.p. 166, t. 21, f. 1-18. On alder. Sept. Irstead, Norfolk. Unless care be exercised in the examination, the terminal cilia may be overlooked. 2 n 2 836 SPBLEEIACEl. Series 4. Euvalsa. Sporidia coloured, simple, or uniseptate. 2504. Valsa turgida. Fr . “ Brown disc Valsa.” Pustulate ; perithecia, globose, nearly erect, close ; ostiola ob- tuse, convex, at length exserted from a minute narrow disc ; spo- ridia uniseriate, at first pale then dark opaque brown, elliptical, subacuminate. — Fr. S.V.S. p. 412. Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. £ . 48, /. 139. S . turgida, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 400. Fries, exs. no. 262. Eng. FI. v. p. 250. Wuestneia sphinctrina , FcJcl. exs . no. 591. Anthostoma turgidum , Nke.Pyr. Germ. i. p. 121. On branches of beech. [Mid. Carolina.] The branches on which it grows, and which it generally surrounds, are of a bright red-brown. The perithecia vary in size and in the number grouped together, which is from 3-8, their ostiola collected in an erumpent brown disc. Sporidia ('0003-’0004 in.) *0076-*01 m.m. 2505. Valsa convergens. Fr. “ Convergent Valsa.” Perithecia about six together, minute, ovate, circulating, con- verging, as well as the round, somewhat attenuated, erumpent ostiola; sporidia dark brown, subcymbiform, irregular, frequently constricted. — Fr. S.V.S. p. 411. Curr. Linn . Trans, xxii. £. 48, /.,155. S. convergens, Tode.f. 111. Sow. £.374,/. 6. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 410. Eng. FI. v. p. 252. On smooth bark ( Platanus occidentalis ). The perithecia are under the bark so as not to be seen above, except by the undulations of the bark. — F. C. 2506. Valsa parmulaxia. Berk. “ Triangular Valsa.” Small, pustulasform ; perithecia circinating, laterally com- pressed ; ostiola scarcely distinct, umbonate ; asci linear ; spo- ridia broadly oblong, uniseptate, brown. — Berk. Hook. Journ, no. 308. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. £.48,/. 3 63. On oak. King’s Cliffe. Scarcely a line broad, forming little pustules with a black umbo ; peri- thecia circinating, closely packed, so as to present, when cut through, a tri- angle with one curved and two straight sides ; ostiola in general indistinct ; asci linear, containing 8 brown broadly oblong uniseptate sporidia, like those of many Diplodice. This curious species has been known to me for some years, but has never been published in consequence of the doubt attached to its position, because of its growing on living bark. Externally it is notunlike Sph. turgida. The perithecia vary from 5-10, always laterally compressed, so that a section re- minds one of the carpels of an orange. — M.J.B . SPHiERIACEl . 837 Series 5. Pseudovalsa. Sporidia multiseptate, hyaline or coloured. 2507. Valsa detrusa. Fr. “ Barberry Valsa.” Conical ; stroma bright yellow, immersed in the wood, encir- cled above with a conceptaculum ; ostiola united, umbilicate ; sporidia biseriate, colourless ; endochrome quadripartite, elliptic. — Sph. detrusa , Fries exs. no . 6. Berk. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. no. 18. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 47 , /. 117. Wuestneia cequilineariformis , Fckl. exs. no. 588. Diaportlie detrusa , Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 205. On dead barberry. Sporidia (‘0006 in.) *015 m.m. long. Endochrome divided into four, some- times apparently into only two portions, elliptic, subobtuse or subacuminate. — F.C. 2503. Valsa platanoides. Berk. " Sycamore Valsa.’’ Perithecia circinating; disc irregular, obliterated by the crowded ostiola ; sporidia triseptate, or apparently so, sometimes mucro- nate. — S. platanoides , Pers. Syn. p . 45. S. stilbostoma , var. y. Eng. FI. v.p 251. Curr . Linn . Trans . xxii. t. 48,/. 140 a. On sycamore. Considered by Fries a variety of V . stilbostoma . Sporidia (•OOlO-'OOll in.) •025-*028 m.m. long. 2509. Valsa tetratrupha. B. $ Br . “ Four-spored Valsa.” Pustules minute ; perithecia ovate ; asci linear, sporidia four, fenestrate. — B. fy Br.Ann. N.H. no. 852, 1. 10,/. 13. On twigs of alder. Forming minute pustules which pierce the cuticle by means of the flat pallid disc, studded with black ostiola ; asci linear j sporidia four (*0009-*00l in.) , 022-*025 m.m. long, yellow-brown, at first uni triseptate, at length fenes- trate. Fruit strongly resembling that of S. elongata.— B . & Br. It is considered by some mycologists that the present species and Valsa fenestrata are not really distinct, but forms of the same species. 2510. Valsa fenestrata. B. rounded by whitish hairs. Sporidia surrounded by gelatine, biconical, uni- septate, constricted at the septum, which passes completely through the mucous envelope, length when the gelatine has been absorbed (‘0015- *0018 in.) *03- 04 m.m. long. — B.&Br. ** Sporidia simpl e=Hypocopra. 2536. Massaria fimeti. Fr. “ Dung Massaria.” Spermatia cylindrical, straight, hyaline, simple. Ascophore. — Crust-like, immersed, black; perithecia oblong, 848 SPH2ERIACEI. at length connate ; ostiola elongated, conical, emergent ; asci cylindrical; sporidia uniseriate, ovate-oblong, simple, opaque, nearly black. — Sph.fimeti , Pers . Syn.p . 64. Fr. S.M.ii.p. 373. Fries, exs. no. 269. Eng. FI. v. p. 246. Hypocopra fimeti, FcJcl. Sym. Myc. p. 240. Fckl.exs.no. 1001. Sphceria equina , Fckl. exs. no. 1802. On horse and cow dung. Appin. [Mid. Carolina.] Gen. 355. LOPHIOSTOMA, De Not. [o £ JO \o \o Fig. 392. 2537. Lophiostoma macrostoma. “Large-mouthed Lophiostoma.” Perithecia scattered, at first immersed, at length emergent, black ; ostiolum compressed, labiate ; sporidia uniseriate, yellow, then bi-own, 7-septate, the last joint at each extremity small and colourless. — De Not. Schema, p. 45. Cooke Trans. Bot. Ed. t. 6,/. 1. Sphceria macrostoma, Tode. f. 76, 77. Fr. Sys. Myc. vol. ii .p. 469. Fries, exs. no. 345. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H.no. 881. Desm.exs. no. 772. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. p. 321, pi. Wm.fig. 65 ? Fckl. exs. no. 923. On bark of sycamore and on holly twigs. Sporidia (-0014 in.) '035 m.m. long. Mr. Currey’s measurement is '0010- *0012 in. long. Messrs. Berkeley & Broome’s description of the sporidia is “ *0008 in. long, oblong torulose, triseptate, very like those of S. Aspegrenii .” My specimens accord with those published by Desmazieres and Fuckel. The sporidia figured by Mr. Currey (fig. 65) appear to belong to the present species. 2538. Lophiostoma bicuspidata. Cooke. “ Two*horned Lophiostoma.” Perithecia scattered, black, immersed, elevating and pushing through the matrix with their narrow elongated ostiola ; asci clavate ; sporidia biseriate, 5 septate, with occasional transverse septa, constricted, brown, each extremity at first furnished with a hyaline beak bent at both ends in the same direction, so as to Perithecia carbonaceous, erum- pent ; ostiolum large, compressed . Sporidia two or many celled, coloured or hyaline. {Fig. 392). SPHiERIACEI. 849 give a curved appearance to the sporidia. — Cooke Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. vol. ix. t. 6, f. 4. Sphceria macrostoma , Curr. Linn. Titans. xxii. p. 321 ,pl. lviii./. 64? On decorticated twigs. Oct. Shere, Surrey. var. /3. Sporidia larger (-0012 in.) *03 m.m. long, with no transverse septa; otherwise identical. On dead Clematis vitalba. April. Shere. This species is very distinct from Sphceria macrostoma, Tode. It is possible that Mr. Currey’s fig. 64 may belong to it. Externally there is considerable resemblance, except that the perithecia are smaller. The sporidia are (’0009 in.) *0228 m.m. long, and in var. /3. (*0012 in.) *03 m.m. long. 2539. Ziophiostoma viridaria. Cooke . “Green-spot Lophiostoma.” Perithecia scattered over conspicuous green spots an inch or more in length, semi-immersed, black ; ostiolum, linear, asci cy- lindrical ; sporidia uniseriate, triseptate, attenuated towards each extremity, constricted at the septa, brown, with a large nucleus in each cell. When free the sporidia exhibit a distinct outer transparent membrane which invests them. — Cooke Trans . Bot. Ed. vol. ix. t. 6,/. 2. On decorticated twigs of Maple. Jan. Shere, Surrey. The conspicuous green patches on which the perithecia are usually found resemble those caused by the mycelium of Helotium ceruginosum, indeed, it is not improbable that the latter originates the patches upon which the Sphceria locates itself. Hitherto the green patches and the perithecia have always been found associated. The perithecia are larger and more prominent than in Lo- phiostoma bicuspidata, and both are very distinct from S. macrostoma , Tode, in their fructification, although somewhat resembling small forms of it in ex- ternal appearance. The fruit much resembles that of some species of Mas- saria. Length of sporidia (*0014 in.) *035 m.m. 2540. Lophiostoma nucula. Fr. “ Oak-bark Lophiostoma” Sub -gregarious, black ; perithecia minute, innate, superficial, ovate, even at first papillary, then pierced ; sporidia uniseriate, oblong, obtuse, triseptate, constricted at the centre, hyaline . — De Not. Schema, p. 46. Sphceria nucula , Fr. Sym.Myc. vol. ii. p. 466. Fries, exs. no. 230. Berk. Eng. FI. vol. Y.p. 2 ,p. 266. Fckl. exs. no. 2168. On oak bark. The figure given in Trans. Bot. Ed. t. 6, f. 7 belongs to Lophiostoma grega - rium , Fckl. exs. no. 929, and not to this species, to which Fuckel at first re- ferred it. (See Sym. Myc. p. 158.) 850 SPXL3£RIACEX. 2541. Lophiostoma fibiritecta. Berk “ Bleached Larch Lophiostoma.” Scattered, minute, black, often slightly elongated, depressed ; ostiolum sometimes quite obsolete, but frequently present, and varying from punctiform to linear ; asci clavate, varying greatly in length, paraphyses slender ; sporidia curved, subfusiform, yel- low-brown, quinque-septate. — Be Not. Schema , p. 46. Cooke Trans. Bot. Ed. vol. ix. Sphceria fibritecta, Berk, in Hook. Journ. 1853 ,p. 43. B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 777 , Berk. Outl.p. 397. On bleached larch planks. Dec. King’s Cliffe. Sporidia *04 m.m. long. “ The perithecia are rather larger than those of the other fungi commonly present in similar situations. The contents are white. Nothing can be more variable than the ostiola of this species. Even in extreme cases it is entitled only to a place amongst the Platystomce from affinity rather than from well de- fined characters.” — Berkeley. 2542. Lophiostoma angustilabra. B. & Br. “ Gorse Lophiostoma.’* Perithecia half-immersed, rugulose, somewhat elongated ; os- tiolum compressed, narrow ; asci clavate ; sporidia biseriate, fusi- form, curved, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, each articu- lation containing from two to three nuclei, and terminating in a hyaline point. — Cooke Trans. Bot. Ed. t. 6, f. 3. Spliceria angus- tilabra, B. $. Br. Ann.N.H. no. 881, t . xi ./. 27. On gorse. Leicestershire — Shere, Surrey. Sporidia ('0015-*0016 in.) *04-*043 m.m. long. “ Differing from S. excipuliformis in the structure of the spores, which are possibly at length multiseptate ; but if so, they are at first composed of two very elongated cones opposed to each other at their bases, and strongly con- stricted at the commissure.**— B. & Br. 2543. Lophiostoma sex-nucleata. Cooke. “ Six-nucleate Lophiostoma.” Scattered ; perithecia elongated, black, slightly rugose ; at first immersed, then emergent ; ostiolum compressed ; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, hyaline, slightly curved, five-septate, con- stricted at the centre, and but little at the other septa, each articulation containing a single nucleus. — Cooke Trans. Bot. Ed. vol. ix. t. 6,/, 8. On nettle stems. March. Shere, near Guildford. Sporidia (*0014 in.) *035 m.m. long. SPH2ERIACE1. 851 This can hardly be considered as a form of S. angustilabra , since that species, even when the septa can be discerned, still remains quadri-nucleate. The length is slightly less, and the hyaline membrane absent. It appears to succeed Sphceria coniformis on old nettle stems, and has been overlooked hom its casual resemblance to the remains of the dispersing perithecia of 5. coniformis . (Fig. 392.) 2544. Iiophiostoma excipulifoarme . Fr. “ Exciple-mouthed Lophiostoma.” Scattered ; perithecia emergent, ovate, black, rugulose ; lips of the ostiolum longer than the short neck ; sporidia nniseriate, fusiform, curved, with about six septa ; commissures not con- stricted. — De Not. Schema p. 45. Cooke Trans. Bot. Ed. vol. ix. t. 6, /. 10. Sphceria excipuliformis , Fr. Ohs. t. 4:,f. 5. Fr. exs. no. 88. Fr. Syst. Myc. vol. ii. p. 469. Berk. Eng. FI. vol. v.p. 266. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. (880). On bark, dead wood, and furze. King’s Cliffe, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia ('0012 in.) *03 m.m. long. The B-ev. M. J. Berkeley says that the typical form published by Fries in Scleromycetes Suecice has sporidia of precisely the same shape, but twice as long, and that he finds them sometimes '0028 in. long. “ It is distinguished from the other wide-mouthed species by its short cylindric neck.” 2545. Iiophiostoma Jerdoni. B. $ Br. “ Jerdon’s Lophiostoma.” Perithecia scattered or slightly crowded, sub-globose, with narrow linear ostiola; asci clavate ; sporidia biseriate ('0012- *00125 in.) *08 to *038 m.m. long, strongly constricted in the centre, as also each of the two bi-tri-nucleate joints. — Cooke Trans. Bot. Ed. ix. t. 6, /. 5. Sphceria Jerdoni , Berk, Br. Ann. N. H. no. 975, t. xvii.f. 28. On Rubus idceus and on elm. Sporidia ('0012-*00125 in.) '03-*033 m.m. long. 2546. Iiophiostoma caulium. Be Not. “Herbaceous Lophiostoma.” Perithecia immersed, globoso-elliptic, black ; ostiolum naked, elliptic or linear ; asci clavate ; sporidia crowded, or bisenate, fusiform, attenuated, straight or curved, 7-septate, with a greenish tint. — Seriacei italici , no. 70. Micro. Ital. viii .cum icone. Cooke Trans. Bot. Edin. t. 6,/. 6. Lophiostoma herb arum , Fr. V.A.H. 1818, p. 114. Sphceria caulium , Fr. Sys. Myc . vol. ii. p. 510. Fries exs. no. 465. Desm. Ann. and Sc. Nat. xv. 1. 14,/. 2, a. Berk . Br. Ann. N.H. no. 982. Fckl. exs. no. 927. On dead stems of Epilobium hirsutum 9 &c. Sporidia ('0015 in.) *04 m.m. long. 852 SPHiEPIACEI. 2547, Lophiostoma arundinis. De Not. " Reed Lophiostoma.” Perithecia covered, sub-erumpent, globose, rugulose, black ; ostiolum thick, naked, compressed, labiate ; sporidia biseriate, yellowish, 3-5 septate, slightly curved, pointed at each extremity. — Schema cli Class, p. 46. Cooke Trans. Bot. Edin. t. 6, f. 9. Sphceria arundinis, Fr. Sys. Myc. vol. ii. jo. 510. B. fy Br . Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 639, 27. Kunze. exs . no. 55. Curr. Linn. Trans. xxii./>. 330, lix./. 124. Rabh. exs.no.b 47. Berk. Outl. Fung, p. 397. Berk. exs. no. 87. Fckl. exs. no. 926. On reeds and grasses. [Low. Carolina.] “ The spores are at first uniseptate, and the contents of the two portions are then divided into two or three endochromes, in which respect there is an essential difference between this species and all forms of Sphceria culmifraga .” — Berk. “ Sporidia fusoidea 4-6 locularia, ssepe curvula fuliginea.” — De Notaris. (PI. vi. fig. 9, with free sporidia.) 254S. Lophiostoma semilibera. De Not. “ Half-free Lophiostoma. ,, Scattered ; perithecia minute, ovate -elliptical, semi-immersed, black, shining ; ostiolum compressed, cristate ; asci clavate ; sporidia fusiform, straight, or curved, acute at each extremity, quinque-septate. — Schema di Class, p. 46. CookeTrans . Bot. Edin. vol. ix. Sphceria semilibera, Desm. exs. no. 1787. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. iii. vol. vi .p. 78, 1846. B. . 316. S. nivea , Sow.t. 219. Lep - tospora ovina , Ac&Z. ikfz/c. 143. Fclcl. exs. no. 7 88. On decayed wood. [Mid. Carolina.] 2553. Sphseria brassiere. Klotsch. “ Cabbage Sphasria.” Perithecia conical, their bases innate, clothed with dirty-white arachnoid down ; ostiola naked, simple, jet-black ; sporidia colour- less, then pale brown, ultimately dark opaque brown, elliptical, with pointed ends or lozenge-shaped. — Eng. FI. v .p. 261. Carr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57,/. 23. On dead cabbage stalks. Sporidia (‘0014-*002in.) *03-’05 m.m. long. Perithecia large, hairy at the bottom, hairs white or brown, sporidia sometimes with two large nuclei, sometimes with a dark line not extending quite across the sporidium. — F. C. 2559. Sphseria hirsuta. Fr. “Hairy Black Sphseria.” Conidia. — G regarious, stem rigid, persistent, black ; head sub- rotund, at length compact, greyish. — Stilbumrigidum,Pers. Syn. p. 680. Feld, exs.no. 177. Ascophore.— P erithecia subglobose, and ovate, tubercul ate, black, covered with scattered hairs of the same colour; ostiolum obsolete ; sporidia biseriate or crowded, pale brown, long, flex- uous. — Fr. S.M.ii.p. 449. Eng. FI. v. p. 262. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. hl,f. 18. Lasiosphceria hirsuta , Fclcl. Sym. Myc. p. 147, t. 3,/. 32. Feld. exs. no. 950. var. /?. acinosa. Perithecia globose and subdepressed, black- brown. — Batsch.f. 179. Sow. t. 386,/. 3 ? On decayed wood. Sporidia (*002- *0026 in.) *05-*06 m.m. SPHJERIACEI. 857 2560. Sphasria hispida. Tode . “ Hispid Sphaeria.” Spermogonia. — P erithecia irregularly clavate, cylindrical, or dilated at the base, greenish yellow or pallid ; spermatia minute, ovate, hyaline . — Sphceronema fiavo-viride, Fckl . exs. no. 774. Ascophore. — Black ; perithecia ovato-conic, confluent with the ostiola, clothed with short, scattered hairs ; sporidia cylin- drical, vermiculate, 7 -8 septate, obtuse, umber ; cells nucleate. — Tode.f, 84. Fr. S.M. \\.p. 450. Eng, FI, v.p, 262. Sphceria ter - restris , Fckl. exs. no. 949, 2039. Sph. lignaria , Grev. t, 82 ? Lasi - osphceria hispida, Fckl. Sym.Myc. p, 147, t. 3,/. 31. On decayed wood. Appin. If the specimen of S. ligniaria examined by Mr. Currey (Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 58, f. 66) belongs to this species the fruit is very different, as follows — “ sporidia uniseriate, at first pale brown, then dark brown, elliptico-acumi- nate *0005 in. long.” 2561. Sphseria capillifera. Curr. “ Stiff Hairy Sphaeria.’ Perithecia globose, clothed with very short, rather stiff black hair, seated on a pale subiculum ; ostiola mamillate ; sporidia uniseriate, rather dark brown, broadly elliptical, 1-2 nucleate. — Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii.p. 317. t. 57,/. 26. On Corticium and subjacent wood. Sporidia (‘0003-‘0004 in.) *0076-*01 m.m. 2562. Sphaesria scatigena. B.&Br. “ Satiny Sphasria.” Perithecia free, ovate, finely hispid, hairs short, rigid ; ostiola papilkeform, truncate at the apex ; sporidia subglobose. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 972, t. 17,/. 25. On horse dung. King’s Cliffe. Perithecia free, ovate, rough, with very short rigid hairs ; ostiolum papil- laeform, truncate, asci cylindrical j sporidia uniseriate, broadly elliptic, sub- globose, at first surrounded with gelatine (‘0008 in.) ‘02 m.m. long, flattened, so that a lateral view gives a narrow elliptic outline. — B. & Br. | Sporidia hyaline, simple. 2563. Spliasaria caesia. Cam. “ Grey woolly Sphseria.” Perithecia white, very hairy ; sporidia uniseriate, colourless, elliptical, or subpyriform. — Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii.^. 316, t. 57, f. 17. On wood. Sporidia (’0002 in.) *005 m.m. long. 2 o 858 SPHiERIACEI. 2564 . Sphaeria canescens. Pen . “ Hoary Sphseria.” Perithecia aggregate, globose and ovate, hairy, papillate, hoary ; sporidia colourless, straight, or curved, subacuminate. — Pers . Syn. ii.p. 448. Fr.S.M. ii .p. 261. Fries, exs. no. 50. Eng. Fl.v.p. 261. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57,/. 14. Berk. exs. no. 301. On decayed wood. [Low. Carolina.] Perithecia forming a dense stratum of a cinereous brownish or greenish hue, very hairy, brittle. Sporidia (*0011-‘0014 in.) *025-085 m.m. long. 2565 . Sphaeria stxigosa. A. $ S. “ Bristly Sphaeria.” Perithecia aggregate, globose and ovate, papillary, beset all round with long, rigid, hoary hairs ; sporidia elongated, some- what curved, pale tawny, simple. — Fr. S.M.ii.p. 448. A. fy S. t. 5, /. 7. Eng. FI. v.p. 261. Leptospora strigosa , Fckl. Sym . Myc. p. 144. Sph. mucida , Fckl. exs. no. 948. On decayed wood. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Distinguished from S. canescens by its closer habit, and tough, not brittle substance. The hairs of both, though giving the perithecia a hoary appear- ance, are not always white, but frequently of a brownish or yellowish hue. — M.J.B. Mr. Currey does not think the two species distinguishable. 2566 . Sphaexia exilis. A. $ S. “ Hairy Pine Sphaeria.” Black, very minute ; perithecia globose, then depressed, at length collapsed, concave, astomous, clothed with short hairs ; sporidia cylindrical, curved, simple, hyaline. — A. S. t. 9,/ 4. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 606. Fckl , exs. no. 2023. Nitschkia exilis , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 165. On pine twigs. Wraxall. [Low. Carolina.] 2567 . Sphaexia supexficialis. Curr. “ Currey’s Hairy Sphseria.” Perithecia hairy, subglobose, very small, seated on a hairy subiculum ; sporidia uniseriate, overlapping, elliptical, or sub- turbinate, rarely slightly curved, colourless. — Curr. Linn. Trans. xxii. p. 317, t. 57,/. 25. On fir wood. Sporidia (*0003-*0004 in.) *0076-*01 m.m. binucleate. 2568 . Sphaexia calva. Tode. “ Tode’s Hairy Sphaeria.” Perithecia scattered, depresso-globose, papillary, even, black, SPHiERIACEl. 859 beset below with short hispid hairs, above smooth and shining. —Todef 83. Fr. S.M. Up. 451. Eng . FI. v.p. 262. On decayed wood and branches. Sporidia hyaline, septate or nucleate. 2569. Sphaeria mutabilis. Pers. “ Changeable Sphaeria.” Perithecia subglobose, covered with a yellow or greenish, then ferruginous down ; ostiola subpapillseform, blackish ; sporidia biseriate, colourless, curved, acuminate; endochrome 4 partite. — Pers. Ic. Desc. t. 7,/. 6. Fr. S.M. ii. p . 447. Sturm, t. 64. Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57,/. 20. On hard wood, oak, &c. [Mid. Carolina.] Sporidia (’0008 in.) *02 m.m. long. 2570. Sphaeria scahra. Curr. “ Rough Furze Sphseria.” Perithecia very hairy, seated on a dense subiculum, erumpent; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, constricted in the middle, colourless, with many nuclei. — Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii.p. 315, t. 57, f. 13. On furze. Oct. Weybridge. Sporidia (*0012-*0014 in.) *03-*035 m.m. long. 2571. Sphaeria callimorpha. Mont. “ Hairy Bramble Sphasria.” Perithecia minute, gregarious, globoso-depressed, ovoid, even, black, shining, papillate, surrounded by erect, black hairs ; spori- dia cymbiform, triseptate. — Mont. Syll.p. 227. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 872. Mont. Ann. des Sc. Fat. ser. ii. vol. i.p. 306, t . 13, / 5 - On bramble. Leicestershire. It is doubtful whether this is really distinct from S. ruborum , Lib. M. Westendorp unites them, but we have never examined an authentic speci- men of Montagne’s. 2572. Sphaeria macrotricha. B.fyBr. “ Long-haired Sphseria.’* Subiculum creeping ; perithecia ovate, clothed below with long hairs, attenuated above and naked, collapsing with the papil- laeform ostiola; asci clavate; sporidia fusiform, uniseptate, 6- nucleate. — B. Br. Ann . N.H. no. 619, t. 9,/. 2. On dead leaves of Carex paniculata and Beech mast. 2 o 2 860 SPHJ2RIACEI. Brown or nearly black, subiculum effused, consisting of interwoven, creep- ing hairs. Perithecia crowded, ovate, clothed with long hairs, attenuated, and more or less denuded above, and when dry collapsing with their papil- lseform ostiolum. Sporidia biseriate, fusiform, consisting of two opposed cones constricted at the juncture, and sometimes above the first nucleus, each division containing one or more globules.— B. & Br. 2573. Sphaezia pilosa. Pers. “ Velvety Sphasria.” Black; perithecia minute, roundish- ovate, nearly even, beset with short hairs ; ostiola simple ; sporidia colourless, elliptical, uuiseptate, or with the endochrome bipartite. — Pers . Ic. fy Desc. t, 10, f. 9, 10. Fr. S.M . ii.jo. 450. Eng, Fl.v. p. 262. Curr. Linn . Trans, xxii. t. 57,/. 21 . B, Br, Ann, N.H. no, 1096*. FcJcl, exs. no, 946 ? On decayed wood. Common. [Low. Carolina.] A small species, like S. pulvis-pyrius , but decidedly hairy. Sporidia 00003-’0004 in.) ’0076-‘01 m.m. “ We have observed oblong conidia, rather irregular in outline, terminating the hairs. The asci in the same specimens, besides the eight linear, oblong, somewhat sigmoid sporidia had at the tip a globose, smooth, or slightly granulated body (’0003 in.) 0076 m.m, in diameter, the nature of which we were unable to determine.'* — B. & Br, 2574. Sphaezia sexdecemspoza. Cooke, “ Sixteen-spored Sphseria.” Scattered ; perithecia small, ovate, beset with rigid, erect hairs (at first covered, then bursting through the cuticle), black; ostiola prominent ; asci elliptical ; sporidia sixteen, crowded, broadly lanceolate, 3-5 septate, with transverse divisions, hyaline. On twigs. Shere. (Dr. Capron.) This pretty little Sphceria is very distinct from its allies. It is included doubtfully with the Villosce ; there is no subiculum, and only occasionally the perithecia are wholly exposed. Sometimes there are more than five septa in the sporidia, which are very variable in size. c, Denudatce . Subiculum none; perithecia smooth, rounded at the base, nearly free ; ostiolum persistent ; adnate, superficial. — Fr, S.M. 11. /).322. * Sporidia hyaline. 2575. Sphaezia bombarda. Batsch. “ Clustered naked Sphseria.” Fasiculate, black-brown; perithecia elongated, soft, ventri- cose ; ostiolum papillaeform ; sporidia crowded, colourless, inter- SPHiEBIACEl. 861 twined, variable, frequently divided in tbe middle. — Batsch.f. 181. Hedw. Crypt, t. 38. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 456. Fries, exs . no. 266. Eng. FI. y.p. 264. Berk. Outl. t. 24,/. 5. Curr.Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57, f. 29. Berk, exs . no. 268. S.reptans , Sow. t. 395,/ 1. Bom - bardia fasciculata , Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 164. Fckl . no. 940. On rotten stumps. Sporidia (*0016-*0020 in.) *035-*05 m.m. “ Apparently varying much in the length of the ostiolum. I have seen once or twice a bead-like appearance in the sporidia, arising from the break- ing up of the endochrome into divisions, I suspect it may sometimes be mul- tiseptate.” — F.C. 2576. Sphaexia spexmoides. Hoffm. " Crowded naked Sphaeria.” Densely crowded, black; perithecia rigid, globose, minutely rugulose ; ostiola obsolutely papillasform ; sporidia biseriate, colourless, curved; endochrome sometimes bipartite. — Hoffm. V. C. t . 3,/. 3. Moug. exs. no. 486. Fr. S.M. ii .p. 457. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57, f. 36. Eng. Fl.y. p. 265. Fries exs. no. 237. Grev. t. 6. Light t. 31. S. bombardica, Bolt. 1 . 122. Sow. t. 372,/. 4. Leptospora spermoides , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 143. Fckl. exs. no. 939. Leptospora pseudo- spermoides, Awd. Fckl. exs. no. 2175. On rotten stumps. Common. [Mid. Carolina.] Spreading for several inches in a continuous crust, rarely scattered. Sporidia ('0008 in.) *02 m.m. 2577. Sphaexia xnoxifoxmis. Tode % a Mulberry Sphaeria.” Crowded, black ; perithecia obovate, corrugato-tuberculate ; ostiolum simple ; sporidia crowded, uniseptate, colourless, linear, slightly curved, granular. — Tode f. 90. Moug. exs. no. 382. Fr. 5. M. ii .p. 458. Fries exs. no. 125. Eng. FI y.p. 265. Curr. Linn. Trans, xx ii. t. 57, f. 30. S. claviformis, Sow.t. 337. S. rugosa, Grev. t. 39. S. rubiformis, Sow. t. 373, f. 2. Bertia moriformis, Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 164. Fckl. exs. no. 999. On wood, branches, &c. [United States.] Yery variable in form. 2578. Sphaexia innumexa. B. fy Br. “ Numerous Sphaeria.” Conidia. — T hinly effused, at first bright green, then oliva- ceous ; conidia very copious, globose, dull greenish.— Sporotri- chum virescens, Link. Sp. 1, p. 16. Dematium virescens , Pers. M. E. 1 . 1 ,p. 14. Fr. S.M. iii.p. 363. 862 SPHJERIACEI. Ascophore. — Perithecia produced amongst the conidiophorous threads, numerous, black, shining, globose, scarcely papillate ; asci linear-clavate ; sporidia straight, oblong-lanceolate, pellucid, with two or three nucleoli, at length biseptate. — B. fy Br. Outl. p. 695. Chcetosphceria innumera , Tul. Carp . ii. p. 253. On wood. Sporidia *013 m.m. long, *004 m.m. thick. 2579. Sphaearia botryosa. Fr. “ Granular Sphseria.” Cispitose or conglomerated, rounded ; perithecia globose, connate, rugose, opaque, black, depressed at the apex ; asci clayate, containing an indefinite number of very minute gran- ules. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 342. Fries . exs. no. 112. Curr. Linn. Trans. xxii. t. 46,/. 46. Feld. exs. no. 959. Hypoxylon botrys , Nice. Pyr. Germ.p. 34. Fclcl. Sym. Mye.p. 234. “ Granules colourless, about (*0001 in.) *0025 m.m., endowed with Brownian motion. I should have doubted these granules being true sporidia, but I find this fruit coinciding exactly with that of authentic specimens from the Scleromycetes suecice. Fries considers the plant a Sphceria, with confluent peri- thecia, but not an Hypoxylon .” — F.C '. Nitschke calls the sporidia ovate, ob- tuse, unequilateral. 2530. Sphaeria pomiformis. Pers . “ Apple- shaped Sphseria.” Rather small, black ; perithecia apple-shaped, even, with an impressed ring round the papilliform ostiolum ; sporidia ovate, or ovate-oblong, obtuse, bilocular, slightly constricted, hyaline, or pale brown.— Pers. Syn.p. 65. Ic. Piet. t. 5,/. 4, 5. Moug. exs. no. 482. Fr. S. M. ii.p. 455. Fries, exs. no. 236. Fng.Fl.y.p. 264. Fclcl. exs. no. 938. S. corona , Sow. t. 393,/. 7. Melanomma pomiformis , Fclcl. Sym. Mye.p. 159. On dead wood. [Low. Carolina.] Perithecia globose, rather thin, but slightly rigid, and in consequence collapsed only at the apex. 2581. Sphaeria rhytidodes. B. $ Br. " Sulcate Sph^rm.” Gregarious, black ; perithecia seated on a spot-like mycelium, subglobose, rugoso-sulcate ; ostiola papilliform ; asci elongated ; sporidia biseriate 3-6 septate, torulose. — B. . 320. Berk. Outl. p. 396. There does not appear to be sufficient reason to regard this form as a dis- tinct species. 2587. Sphaeria pulviscula. Curr. “ Powdery Sphaeria.” Perithecia very small, black, rather shining, conical or sub- globose, crowded or scattered ; ostiola minute, mandilate ; spori- dia curved, or cymbiform, colourless, triseptate. — Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii.p. 320, t. 58,/. 52. On wood. Sporidia biseriate, curved or cymbiform, colourless or greenish, when perfect with three septa, or at least with the endochrome divided into four portions, giving an appearance of three septa, sometimes the endochrome is only once divided, and in a young state the sporidia are continuous. Length variable (*0008-'0()12 in.) '02-*03 m.m.— F.C. | Sporidia coloured. 2588. Sphaeria confluens. Tode. “ Confluent Sphasria.” Perithecia subglobose, rugulose, seriato-confluent, black, de- pressed around the ostiola. — Tode t. 10,/. 87. B. Br. Ann. N. U. no. 597. Fr. 8.M. ii ,p. 342. Fckl. exs. no. 2177. On decayed wood, as oak, willow, &c. Bristol. Fuckel states that the sporidia are oblong, nearly straight, brown j and refers it to Hypoxylon udum. 2589. Sphaeria mammseformis. Pers. “ Mamillate Sphagna.” Large, black ; perithecia thin, globose, even ; ostiolum papil- laeform ; sporidia dark, clear brown, subcymbiform, variable in SPH7ERTACEI. 865 size. — Pers. Syn . p. 64. Ic. Piet. t. 5,/. 6, 7. Moug. exs . no. 380. jFV. ii .p. 455. .Fnes no. 387. Eng. FI. y.p. 264. Curr. Linn. Trans . xxii. £. 57,/. 37. Boselliniamammceformis , Fckl.Sym. Myc.p. 149. Hypoxy Ion globular e. Bull. t. 444,/. 2. .Fc&Z. rco. 1060. On decayed sticks, &c. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Much larger than S.pomiformis , and though sometimes slightly depressed, not collapsing ; sporidia (’OOOS-'OOIG in.) *02-*035 m.m. 2590. Sphaeria obducens. Fr. “ Naked Rail Sphaeria.” Crowded, small, black; peritbecia ovato-rotund, unequal, rigid ; ostiola subpapillseform ; sporidia crowded, yellowish- brown, multipartite, subelliptical. — Fries, exs. no. 119. Berk, exs. no. 177. Mag. Zool . fy Bot. no. 100. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 456. Tul. Carp.ii. p. 245, £.28, f. 4-13. Feld. exs. no. 2024. Cucurbitaria miskibutris, Be Not. Act. Tur. (1853), p. 126. S. plateata , Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57, f. 35. Trichospora obducens . Fckl. Sum. Myc. p. 161. On pales. Apethorpe. Very like S.pulvis pyrius, except in the sporidia, which are (’OOOS-’OOlOin.) '02-*025 m.m. 2591. Sphaeria pulvis-pyrius. Pers. “ Gunpowder Sphaeria.” Crowded, black ; perithecia ovato-globose, rugose, sulcate in the middle ; sporidia straight, or slightly curved, triseptate, slightly constricted, pale brown. — Pers. Syn.p. 86. Fr. S.M. ii. p. 458. Fries exs. no. 120. Grev. t. 152. Cooke, exs. no. 379. Eng. FI. v.p. 265. Moug. exs. no. 381. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57,/. 32. Fckl. exs. no. 937. ( Fr. El. ii. p. 82. Eng. FI. v. 253, including S. dioica^Moug. exs.) Melanomma pulvis pyrius, Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 160. On old wood, bark, &c. Common. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] Sometimes crowded, at others scattered and naked, rarely subcuticular. Distinguished without difficulty from S. moriformis by its much smaller size, less tuberculate surface, and subrimose ostiolum. Sporidia (*0005 in.) *0127 m.m. 2592. Sphaeria epochnii. B.&Br. “ Olive-patch Sphaeria.” Conidia. — Flocci effused, very delicate; conidia pellucid, dark-green, elongated, triseptate, incrassated at the apex. — Sporidesmium fungorum, Berk. Outl.p. 327. Sporidesmium atrum , 2 o 5 866 SPHiEK-IACEI. Grev. t. 194. Epochnium fungorum , Fr. S.M . iii. p. 449. Eng . FI. v.p. 352. Ascophore. — Perithecia at first conical, then snbglobose, collapsed, crowded, olive-black, granulated; asci clavate; spori- dia uniseriate, fusiform, constricted in the middle, at length tri- septate, pale-brown. — B. §Br. Ann. N.H. 1866, no. 1177, t. 5, f. 36. On Corticia , &c. March. Tlie Epochnium forms a thin stratum, which overruns various species of Corticium. The conidia are at first uniseptate. Perithecia at first pale bottle-green, crowded in the centre of the Epochnium , then black-green, granulated, sometimes depressed at the summit, with a minute pore. Asci clavate, containing a single row of triseptate fusiform. Sporidia (‘OOl-'OOll in.) ‘025-‘03 m.m. long, strongly constricted in the centre, at length pale brown. The sporidia are at first uniseptate, with two nuclei in each division. — B. Sf Br. *** Sporidia ovoid, simple, dark-coloured, sometimes caudate =Sordaria , De Not. 2593. Sphaeria sporormia. Coolie. “ Four-jointed dung Sphaeria.” At first covered, then emergent, scattered, punctiform ; peri- thecia ovoid, collapsing, shining, black ; sporidia biseriate, dark opaque, rich brown, consisting of four joints, which frequently separate when the sporidia escape from the ascus. — Sphceria stercoris , Fr. JE7.ii.j0. 104. S. stercoraria, Fr. S.M. ii.jo.455. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57,/. 40. Fchl. exs. no. 903. Sporormia intermedia , Awd. in.Hedw. 1868, p. 67 (not Hypocopra stercoris , Feld.) On dung. Shere. (Dr. Capron.) Sporidia (‘0018 in.) *04 m.m. long. This can scarcely be regarded as be- longing to the present section of simple- spored species. 2594. Sphaeria coprophila. Fr. “ Cow-dung Sphaeria. ” Effused ; perithecia subglobose, connate, or scattered, covered with a thin, evanescent, whitish tomentum, at length naked, black ; papillae globose, black ; asci clavate ; sporidia ellipsoid, opaque, with a hyaline appendage, twice as long as the sporidia. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 342. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 596. Hypoxyton copro- philum,Fr. S. V.S.p. 384. Fchl. exs. no. 1057. Sph. incana , Steph. Ann. N.H. ser. i. vol. iv. p. 252. Sordaria copropliila , De SPIDERTACEr, 867 Not. Sfer.Ital.no. 20. Fclcl. Sym. Myc.p. 244. Babh. exs. no. 257. Ces. Hedw. t. xiv. B.f. 2-5. On cow dung, in dense patches. Bristol, &c. [United States.] The above description of the fruit does not correspond with that of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, who states that the sporidia are filiform, flexuous, con- taining a row of nuclei. This applies possibly to the immature sporidia only. 2595. Sphaeria st ere or aria. Sow. “ Naked Dung Sphseria.” Black, shining ; perithecia globose, rigid, even ; ostiolum pa- pillseform; sporidia uniseriate, brown, eventually quite opaque, elliptical or almond-shaped. — Sow.t. 357,/. 1. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 455. Eng. FI. v.p. 264. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57,/. 38. Babh. F.E. no. 830. Hypocopra ster cor aria , Feld. Sym. Myc. p. 241. On dung. Rather large, firm, thick, not collapsing; perithecia are immersed in a de- cided stroma even when solitary. Sporidia (‘0012 in.) *03 m.m. 2596. Sphaeria fimicola. Bob. “ Asses’ Dung Sphaeria.” Perithecia solitary, or few together ; ostiola penicellate ; spo- ridia elliptic, brown, with a large oil globule, green when young. — JDesm. exs. no. 2061. B. § Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1097, S. sterco- raria , var. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57 , /. 39. On asses’ dung. Rhyl. Delicate, linear, stylospores occur at the mouth of the perithecia ('0007 in.) *017 m.m. long. Sporidia ('0006**0008 in.) *015-*02 m.m. long ('0004 in.) "01 m.m. broad. “ Ostiola formed of a number of processes arranged in a penicellate manner, each consisting of a single row of irregularly shaped cells, the upper cell being pointed. Sporidia mostly uniseriate, greenish at first, then darker, probably eventually black, elliptical, *0010 in. long.” — F.C. 2597. Sphasaria papaverea. B. & Br. “ Poppy- head Sphagna.” Crowded ; perithecia globose, areolate and covered with a white veil, except the ostiola ; ostiola large, plane, orbicular, radiato- sulcate ; mouth round ; sporidia elliptic, subnavicular, brown. — B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 612, t. 7,f. 14. On rotten stumps. March. Batheaston. Widely effused, crowded, springing from a brown mycelium ; perithecia globose, black, finely areolated, covered, with the exception of the orbicular multisulcate ostiolum, with a white filmy veil ; asci linear ; sporidia elliptic, navicular, brown. The ostiolum resembles the stigma of a poppy, being sepa- rated by an abrupt line from the perithecium ; the perithecia, though crowded, do not form a confluent mass, but are distinct. — B. $ Br. 868 SPHiERIACEI. 2598. Sphaeiria irotula. Coolie . (l Wheel-like SphEeria.” Gregarious or scattered ; perithecia globose, dark-brown, slightly woolly or smooth, opaque ; ostiola cylindrical, prominent, radiato-sulcate, black ; sporidia broadly ovate, slightly acumi- nate, dark-brown, simple, opaque. — Cooke exs. no. 268. On the ground. Near Shere, Surrey. Scattered, or in groups on ground containing minute fragments of decaying wood, in company with a hispid Spheeria. Perithecia small, globose, dark- brown, with a broad, prominent, cylindrical ostiolum, which is black and radiato-sulcate, somewhat after the manner of S. papaverea , but the peri- thecia are not in the least areolate, and the prominent ostiola are fluted down to the perithecium. The sporidia are longer and three times as broad as those of S. papaverea. 2599. Sphaeiria soirdairia. Fr. “ Rough naked SphEeria.” Sub -emergent, gregarious, black ; perithecia globose, soft, col- lapsing, rugulose, confluent with the obsolete ostiolum ; sporidia uniseriate, dark-brown, elliptical. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 458. Fries, exs. no. 270. Eng. FI. v. p. 265. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57, f. 43. On moist pine wood. Appin. Gregarious, minute, often disposed in rows. To the naked eye presenting little more than a black scurfy stain. Sporidia (*0006-'0007 in.) *015-'0177 m.m. 2609. Sphaeiria pulveracea. Ehr. “ Dust-like Sphagna.” Pycnidia. — C rowded, black, shining, minute, ovato-globose, even, slightly mamillate ; stylospores ovate, or ovate-oblong, sim- ple, brown. — Sphceria myriocarpa, Fr. S.M. ii. p. 459. Fr.exs. no. 313. Eng.Fl.y.p. 266. Grev. 1. 152,/. 1. Cooke exs.no. 373. Ascophore. — Crowded, small, black ; perithecia subovate, ru- gulose, rigid; ostiolum distinct, pierced; sporidia uniseriate, dark-brown, elliptical, subglobose, or subturbinate. — Fckl. exs. no. 936. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57, f. 42. Pers. Sym. p. 83. Fr. S.M. ii.p. 459. Fries, exs. no. 121. Eng. FI. y.p. 265. Movg. exs.no. 773. S.millegrana , Schweinitz. Rosellinia pulveracea, Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 149. On dry wood. [United States.] Smaller than S. pulvis pyrius , surface unequal but not tuberculate, easily distinguished by the ostiolum. Perithecia rigid, rather shining, crustaceo- aggregat q.— F ries. Sporidia (*0003-*0004 in.) '0075 '01 m.m. 2601. Sphaeiria moroides. Curr. . 429. Fckl. exs. no. 907. Pie - ospora arundinacea , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 137, t. iii./ 28. On dead reeds. Spring. Common. [Low. Carolina.] “ Messrs. Berkeley and Broome state that S. Godini is identical with S. arundinacea , but in the Kew specimens the species differ in the colour of the sporidia, and in the number of septa, in S. arundinacea they are yellowish- brown, 3-5 septate, and in Godini colourless and uniseptate.” — F.C. Sporidia *0010-’0016 in. The difference is most probably only one of age. 2624. Sphaeria culmifraga. Fr. “ Erumpent Grass Sphagna” Scattered ; perithecia covered, erumpent, somewhat com- pressed, black ; ostiolum short, naked, conical ; sporidia curved, fusiform, multiseptate, one of the articulations swollen. — Fr. S. M. ii. p. 510. Fries exs. no. 373. Eng. FI. v.p. 275. B. Br. Ann. N. H. no. 614. Fckl. exs. no. 2245. S. longa , Sow. t. 393,/. 4. Pleospora culmifraga, Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 137, t. 2>,f. 21. On culms of grass, &c. Common. Two varieties are published by Desmazieres, and a third has been found at Rudloe, more highly developed, the perithecia crowded, and slightly his- pid, and the acute ostiola elevating the cuticle. b. Ceratostomce . Ostiolum elongated, cylindrical, free, longer than the perithe- cium, emergent. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 322. 876 SPHiERTACEl. 2625. Sphaeria cirrhosa. Pers. " Tendril Sphaeria.” Spermogonia. — Spermatia ovato- cylindrical, hyaline. Conidia. — On the tips of threads, ovate, triseptate, dark- brown. — FcJcl. Sym. Myc.p. 127. Ascophore. — Scattered, black ; perithecia immersed, subglo- bose, fibrillous ; ostiola rugged, subfalcate, spinulose ; sporidia biseriate, elliptical, colourless. — Pers. Ic. Piet . t . 24,/. 3. Fr. S. M. ii.p. 475. Fries, exs. no. 346. Eng. FI. Y.p. 267. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 58,/ 71. Fclcl. exs. no. 1804. Ceratostoma cirrho- sum , FcJcl. Sym. Myc. p. 127. On soft rotten wood. [Mid. Carolina.] Variable. Sometimes scattered, witb the perithecia curiously fibrillous, the fibrillae occasionally brown, sometimes, in harder wood, collected in rows or little fascicles, and almost destitute of fibrillee. Sporidia (*0004- , 0005 in.) •01-*0125 m.m. long. 2626. Sphaeria pilifera. Fr. “ Thread-beaked Sphaeria.” Spermogonia. — Spermatia oblong-ovate, simple, hyaline. Ascophore. — Gregarious, naked, black; perithecia very small, globose, even ; ostiola capillary, very long, acuminate ; sporidia ? — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 472. Fries, exs. no. 25. Nees.f. 354. Eng. FI. Y.p. 266. Ceratostoma piliferum , FcJcl. Sym. Myc. p. 128. On pine wood. [Low. & Mid. Carolina.] 2627. Sphaeria ligneola. B.fyBr. “ Smooth -beaked Sphagna.” Perithecia globose, subglaucous, smooth, immersed ; neck elongated, obtuse ; sporidia elliptic uniseptate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 883, t. 11,/. 29. On decayed oak. Jan. Somerset. Perithecia scattered, immersed in the wood, globose, smooth, black, with a slight glaucous bloom ; neck about as long as the perithecia, obtuse. Spo- ridia (*0003-'0004 in.) *0075- , 01 m.m. long, binucleate, at length uniseptate. Eesembling young S. cirrho8a i but perfectly smooth and glaucous, and by no means fibrillose. — B. & Br. 2628. Sphaeria ampullasca. Coohe. “ Flask-fruited Sphagna.” Perithecia gregarious or scat- tered, immersed, globose, black ; ostiola nearly three times as long as the diameter of the perithecia, flexuous; asci ampullaeform, trun- cate above, attenuated below ; SPH2ERIACE1. 877 sporidia inordinate, narrowly lanceolate, obtuse, with a large nu- cleus near each extremity, hyaline. On rotten oak. Feb. Shere. (Dr. Capron.) The very peculiar form of the asci is sufficient to distinguish this species. They are '0025-'003 in. long. Sporidia ('0005 in.) , *0127 m.m. long. (Fig. 395.) 2629. Sphaeria 1 amp ad op h or a. B. & Br. “ Clustered Beak Sphagna.” Perithecia gregarious, globose, dingy, pruinose ; neck long, flexuous, irregular ; sporidia fusiform, curved, multiseptate. — B . Br. Ann . N.H . no. 882, t . 11,/. 28. On decayed wood. Oct. — April. Gregarious; perithecia middle-sized, globose, brownish, pulverulent, or subtomentose ; neck elongated, irregular, flexuous. Sporidia linear-fusiform (’003 in.) '075 m.m. long, multiseptate.^With the habit of S. rostrata , but with different fruit. 2630. Sphaeria stylophora. B. & Br. “ Patchy Beak Sphagna.” Perithecia at first covered, at length free, disposed in orbicu- lar patches, ovate, attenuated upwards ; ostiola longer than the perithecia ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia fusiform, hyaline, uni- septate, appendiculate at either end. — B. . 326, t. 58,/. 96. Cooke, exs.no. 272 . On railings. Curious both in habit and fruit. The perithecia are completely and deeply buried in the wood, and are sometimes scattered, sometimes in groups ; the perithecia seem eventually to throw off the wood above the ostiola, leaving deep depressions in the surface of the wood. Sporidia uniseriate, olive- brown, straight or very slightly curved, biseptate, each furnished with a hya- iine tip, which is shut off from the rest of the sporidium by one of the septa ; length of sporidia (*001 in.) ‘025 m.m. — F.C. 2636. Sphaeria bacillata. Cooke. “ Long-spored sunken Sphaeria.” Perithecia scattered, ovate, immersed, at length the upper portion more or less exposed, black ; ostiolum conical, erumpent, pierced ; sporidia linear, straight, obtuse at the ends, the length of the ascus, multiseptate, hyaline, yellowish . — Sphceria longi - spora , Gapron , MSS. On decorticated rotten sticks. Shere. (Dr. Capron.) Sometimes only the ostiolum is visible above the surface of the matrix, sometimes nearly one third of the perithecium is emergent, mostly following the course of the fibres. The sporidia are (*0076 in.) *2 m.m. long, divided by septa throughout their entire length. This certainly does not accord with the brief characters of Currey’s S. longispora , neither does it belong to the same section. 2637. Sphaeria anserina. Pert. “ Wavy Sphasria.” Perithecia ovate, immersed, raising the wood into minute papillae; ostiola obtuse, erumpent; asci subline ar ; sporidia elliptic, uniseriate, uniseptate. — Pers. Ic. § Desc. £. 1,/. 8. Fr. S*J\T. ii.y?. 480. B. Br. Ann.^N.H. no. 889. On dry wood. Shrewsbury. The surface of the wood is raised by the perithecia into little waves. Sporidia (*0008-*001) ’02-‘025 m.m., resembling the common type of Diplodia. The S. anserina of Eng. FI. v. p. 268, is a Sphceropsis (B. & Br. Ann. N.H. no. 623), probably a stylosporous condition of the above. 880 SPHiERIACEI. ** Endophloece . 2638. Sphaeiia velata. Pers. “ Veiled Spheeria.” Broadly effused, thin ; perithecia scattered, immersed, covered with a black membranaceous crust ; ostiola erumpent ; sporidia crowded, colourless, narrowly almond shaped, endochrome 2-4 partite. — Fr. S.M . ii.p. 375. Fries . exs. no. 225. Eng. FI. v. p. 246. Sow. t. 372 /. 10. Gurr . Linn. Trans . xxii. £. 45,/. 104. .Fc&Z. no. 958. Diaporthe velata , iV&e. Pyr. Germ . i.p. 287. P.P. no. 1143. On lime twigs. [Mid. Carolina.] Surrounding the branches, and growing in the inner bark, perforating the epidermis with the ostiola and at length throwing it off ; perithecia minute, erect, ovato-globose, sometimes solitary, sometimes irregularly aggregate, scarcely disposed in circles, by no means stipate, nestling in the bark itself, covered with a thin patchy stroma, which is tuberculated with the perithecia ; ostiola erumpent, irregular, opaque. — Fries . Sporidia (‘0005 in.) *0127 m.m. 2639. Sphaeria ciliaris. Curr % “ Thread-bearing Fphseria.” Concealed ; perithecia small, subglobose, bearing threads of Helminthosporium on their surface ; sporidia biseriate, colourless, narrow, pointed at the extremities, quadrinucleate. — Curr. Micro . Journ. vii.p. 232, 1. 11,/. 15. On ash branches. Oct. Weybridge. Covering the branches with perithecia, which are concealed (with the ex- ception of the ostiola) beneath the cuticle, and many parts of them rough with the erect threads of Helminthosporium. Sporidia sometimes almost almond-shaped, sometimes strongly constricted in the middle, always (or almost always) with four nuclei, from (’0005-*0009 in.) *0125-*022 m.m. long. 2640. Sphaexia celata. Curr . “ Concealed Sphagna.” Perithecia round ; solitary, or in small groups, mostly con- cealed ; ostiolum short, somewhat flat, rather gaping ; sporidia biseriate, dark rich brown, oblong, constricted in the middle. — Curr. MSS. Berk. Outl.p. 398. Sp. obtecta,Curr. Micr. Journ. vii. p. 233, t. xi .fig. 16. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H . no. 979, t. 17,/. 32. On wych elm. Sporidia (‘0012-‘00i5 in.) ‘03-‘035 m.m. long. Completely concealed by the cuticle j perithecia subglobose, scarcely be- coming free from the matrix, walls thick, jet black, gelatine white. Asci clavate. Sporidia biseriate, in an early stage biconical, pointed at either end, endochrome proportionally small, when old shorter, biconical, obtuse, dark brown, the outer coat being entirely absorbed. SPHiERIACEI. 881 2641. Sphaezia xylostei. Pers. “ Woodbine Sphasria.” Macrostylospores-- Oblong, ovate, constricted, brown, 3-5 septate, muriform. Pycnidia. — Stylospores didymons, oblong, dark brown. — Diplodia Lonicerce, Fckl. exs. no. 1951. Ascophore. — Gregarious, staining black ; perithecia covered, emergent, entire, globose ; ostiola slightly prominent, seated on a black spot, at length pierced ; sporidia dark brown, bordered, elliptical. — Fr. S.M. ii .p. 487. Fries, exs. no. 189. Eng. FI. v.p. 270. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 58,/. 84. S. semi-immersa ) Grev . FI. Ed.p. 361. D idy mo splicer ia xylostei, Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 141. Fckl.exs.no. 914. Amphisplweria xylostei, De Not. Sfer.Ital.no . 74. On woodbine. Sporidia ( , 0Q06-‘0Q07 in.) , 015-'0175 m.m. long. 2642. Sphseria decedens. Fr. “ Immersed hazel Sphasria.” Gregarious ; perithecia globose, immersed, black, neck straight ; ostiola erurnpent, lacerating the epidermis. — Fries, exs. no. 81. Berk. Mag. Zooi. § Bot. no. 24. Nees.f. 340. Fr. S.M. ii .p. 481. On hazel. Perithecia sometimes solitary, sometimes crowded, immersed in the inner bark, attenuated into a short neck.— Fries. 2643. Sphaezia discutiens. Berk. u Sunken Elm Sphasria.” Broadly effused ; perithecia sunk in the inner bark, at length throwing off the epidermis by means of their long, cylindrical, rather scabrous ostiola, covered with a dull black stroma ; spori- dia biseriate or crowded, 1-3 septate, colourless, almond-shaped. —-Eng. FI. v. p. 245. Curr. Linn. Traits, xxii. t. 47 ,/ 112. On elm branches. Perithecia deeply buried. Ostiola long and protruding. Sporidia (*0005 in.) *0127 m.m. long. 2644. Spliae zia fzaxinicola. Curr. “ Concealed Ash Sphasria.” Perithecia sub-lageniform ; ostiolum pointed or nipple-like, base sometimes adnate, piercing the bark ; sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, biseptate, colourless. — Curr. Linn. Ti'ans. xxiv. t. 25, f. 34. B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1 098. On dead ash branches. Sept. Near Lewes. 2 p 882 SPH-ffiRIACEI. Perithecia with the base sometimes adnate to the wood, and leaving a circular depression when detached, piercing through the inner bark, and just through the outer ; the ostiola fall off with a circumscissile fissure, sometimes the perithecia may be stripped off with a fragment of the inner bark. Sporidia (*0005-’0006in.) *0125-*015 m.m. long, biseptate, trinucleate, colourless, the outer membrane and septa sometimes invisible. 2645. Sphaeria vexecunda. Curr. “ Minute sunken Sphseria.” Perithecia subglobose or conical, very small, with a pointed or nipple-shaped ostiolum, which just penetrates the outer bark. Sporidia pale brown, with 5 (rarely 6) transverse septa, and 1-3 longitudinal septa, constricted at each septum, mostly uniseriate and overlapping, occasionally biseriate. — Curr . Linn . Trans, xxiv. t. 25,/. 3. B. $ Br. Ann. N.H. no. 1099. On sticks. October. Batheaston. Sporidia (*0008-*001 in.) *02- *025 m.m. long. 2646. Sphaeria blepharodes. B. Br. “ Depressed twig Sphagna.* ’ Perithecia covered, depresso-globose ; ostiola twice as long ; asciclavate ; sporidia biseriate, hyaline, fusiform. — B . fyBr.Ann. N.H. no. 978, *.17,/ 31. On twigs of Acer pseudo- plat anus. Mossburnford. Completely covered by the cuticle ; perithecia globose, depressed ; ostiola piercing the cuticle, twice as long ; asci clavate ; sporidia biseriate, hyaline, fusiform (*0005 in.) *0127 m.m. long. Endocaulce. 2647. Sphaexia spiculosa. Pers. “ Shining patch Sphaeria.” Effused, immersed, black; perithecia globose; ostiola very slender, long, round, erumpent; sporidia narrowly almond- shaped, acuminate, colourless, quadrinucleate, then quadripar- tite. — Fr. S.M.ii.p. 369. Fries, exs. no. 307. Eng. FI. y.p. 245. Cookeexs.no. 381. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. *. 47,/ 111. Fckl. exs. no. 957. Mamiania spiculosa , DeNot. Schema, p. 37. Euporthe spiculosa , Nke , Pyr. Germ. On willows and herbaceous stems. * var. pulla. Nke. Spermatia oblong-lanceolate, with 1-2 nuclei ; simple, hyaline . — Phoma hederce , Desm. exs . no. 350. Fckl. exs.no. 1720. SPHiERIACEl. 883 Ascophore. — Diaporthe pulla, Nke.Pyr. i .p. 249. FcTcl. exs. no. 957. On ivy stems. Staining the branches on which it grows of a bright shining black ; peri- thecia immersed, irregularly scattered, sometimes grouped, easily known by its black appearance and hair-like ostiola ; sporidia (*0004-*0005 in.) *01- *0125 m.m. long. 2648. Sphaexia inquilina. Fr. “ Black patch Sphseria.” Perithecia immersed, covered with the blackened epidermis, latent, very thin, pallid; nucleus black ; ostiola punctiform, black, prominent ; sporidia biseriate, colourless, subfusiform, constricted, 4-nucleate. — Fr. El. ii .p. 100. Fries, exs. no. 402. Eng. FI. v. p. 276. Gurr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 58,/. 92. On stems of Umbelliferce. The perithecia frequently drop out, leaving a white hollow in the matrix, closely resembling S. spiculosa. Sporidia (*0004-*0005 in.) *01-‘0125 m.m. 2649. Sphseria Berkeley!. Besm. “ Berkeley’s sunken SphEeria.” Perithecia minute, latent, immersed in the stem ; ostiola conic -acuminate, punctiform ; asci minute, linear ; sporidia sub- elliptic. — Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1837, viii. p. 358. S. angelicoe , Berk. exs. no. 88. Mag. Zool. Bot. no. 28, t. 3,/. 7. On stems of Angelica sylvestris. Mar. King’s Cliffe. Minute, invisible to the naked eye, except the stem is wet, then the ex- tremely minute protruded tips of the ostiola are seen in single rows upon the ribs. Perithecia black or brownish, immersed in the woody part of the stem, globose, with an abrupt, conical, subobtuse mouth, pierced with a minute orifice. Contents of the perithecia pink, oozing out, and forming a little halo round the ostiolum. Asci minute, linear, containing a few subelliptic sporidia, accompanied by variously sized globules of an oily matter. 2650. Sphaeiia sciarpicola. D.C. “ Bulrush Sphaeria.” Scattered, minute, black; perithecia immersed, globose, neck very short ; ostiolum naked, punctiform, subglobose ; sporidia oblong, somewhat curved, triseptate, with the articulations slightly swollen. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 511. Fries exs.no. 150. Eng. FI. y.p. 275. B. fy Br. Ann. N.H. no. 641*. On stems of Scirpus lacustris , Typha and Carex. Common. 2 p 2 884 SPBAERIACEI. 2651. Sphaeria phomatospora. B. # Br. “ Little spored Sphaeria.” Immersed; perithecia depressed, ellipsoid; ostiola papillae- form ; asci linear ; sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptic, minute, hyaline, binucleate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 647, t. 11,/. 33. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 58,/. 94. On dead potato stalks. March. Gloucestershire. Immersed, and with the exception of the black punctiform ostiolum, quite invisible, being concealed by the woody tissue. Contents of perithecia pale salmon coloured. Asci extremely delicate, linear. Sporidia hyaline, uni- seriate, oblong-elliptic, minute, obtuse, with a single nucleus at either ex- tremity. Closely resembling the spores of a Phoma.—B.&Br. Sporidia C0003-*0004 in.) *0075- 01 m.m. long. b. Obtectce. Perithecia immersed in the bark, with a short, erumpent neck, f Rameales. * Sporidia cylindrical, curved or straight, simple, rarely sep- tate, hyaline. — Crypto sphceria, Be Not. 2652. Sphaeria lanata. Fr. “ Woolly-brown Sphaeria.” Perithecia covered, free, globose, clad with ferruginous-brown wool ; ostiola erumpent, black ; sporidia minute, curved, hyaline ; asci broadly elliptic. — Fr. £.Af. ii.p. 482. Berk. Ann. NR. no. 185. Fries, exs. no. 159. Fckl. exs. no. 805. Enchnoa lanata , Fr. S. V.s.p. 393. Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 150, t. iv./. 15. Gn birch. Appin. Perithecia very large. 2653. Sphaeria glis. B.tyCurr. “ Dormouse Sphaeria.” Perithecia depressed in the middle, nestling beneath the cu- ticle, astomous ; mycelium ample, tomentose, brown ; sporidia oblong, pale brown, curved, very obtuse, quadrinucleate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 884. Curr . Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 57,/. 1. Fckl. exs. no. 2252. Enchnoa glis , Fckl. Sym. Myc.p. 150. On oak twigs. Sept. Weybridge. Completely concealed by the cuticle, which shows when removed a dense mycelium containing numerous depressed astomous perithecia. Sporidia (•0008-’0009 in.), *02-*022 m.m. long, sausage-shaped, very obtuse, 4-nucleate. Intermediate between S. lanata and S. hirta—B. & Br. Perithecia rather SPHhERIACEI. 885 large, round and very flat, seated on a dense subiculum, usually entirely hidden beneath the bark, not erumpent, but raising the bark into smooth, rounded, or elongated swellings ; perithecia and subiculum usually of a dark dirty-green tinge. — F.C, 2 354. Sphaeria pruinosa. Fr. “ Frosted Sphaeria.” Gregarious ; perithecia covered, depressed, adnate with the epidermis, frosted with grey meal ; ostiola bursting forth in a bullate manner. — Fr . S.M. ii. p. 486. Fries . exs . no. 82. Moug. exs. no. 968. Eng. FI. v.p. 269. Berk. exs. no. 85. On ash twigs. Spring. [Mid. & Up. Carolina.] Easily known when perfect by the grey frosted perithecia, which are deeply umbilicate beneath, by collapsing and separate, together with the epidermis, from the inner bark; sometimes, however, they are retained by the bark, and in that case the mealiness is seen only with great difficulty. Ostiola bursting through the cuticle and making the matrix rough, like a nutmeg grater, pierced with a round, depressed orifice. — M.J.B . 2655. Sphaeria vibratilis. Fr. “ Hidden Sloe Sphaeria.” Scattered ; perithecia entire, covered, globoso-depressed, even, black ; ostiolum very minute, latent ; sporidia cylindrical, curved, minute, hyaline. — Fr. S.M. ii.p. 482. Fries, exs. no. 315. Eng. Fl.y. p. 278. Crypto sphceria vibratilis , De Not. Schema p. 57. Micro. Ital. viii. 10. Calo sphceria vibratilis ^ Nice. Pyr. Germ.p. 97. On dead sloe. When the epidermis is stripped off and held to the light, it is found to be perforated by the minute ostiola, though externally there is but a very slight indication of the presence of the perithecia. —M.J.B. “ Sporidia uniseriate, pale-brown, oblong-elliptic, slightly curved ; endo- chrome bipartite.” — Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii ./. 74. 2656. Sphaeria millepunctata. Grev. “ Thousand Point Sphaeria.” Scattered ; perithecia globose, persistent, black ; ostiola slightly prominent, very minute punctiform, flattened ; sporidia biseriate, or crowded, pale-brown, curved. — Grev. t. 201. S. corticis , Sow. t. 372, /. 5. Fr. S.M. ii. jo. 481. Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 59,/. 108. Fckl.exs.no. 908. Berk, exs.no. 84. S. populina, Pers. Ic. Piet . t. 21,/ 5, 6. Cryptosphceria millepunctata , Fckl. Sym. Myc. p. 212. On ash twigs. Common. At first sight from the smoothness of the branches on which it grows re- sembling a Verrucaria. Sporidia (*0006-*0012 in.) *0i5-*03 m.m. long. 886 SPH^EIACEI. 2657. Sphaezia salicella. Fr. 61 Minute-willow Sphasria.” Conidia. — Conidia oblong, straight or curved, obtuse, hyaline uniseptate. — Discella carbonacea , B. fy Br. no. 426 . Phacidium , Fclcl. exs. no. 1100 . Ascophoue. — Covered; perithecia distinct, minute, seated be- neath elongated pale patches of the epidermis ; ostiola cylindri- cal, erumpent ; sporidia biseriate, colourless, uniseptate, ellip * tical, o f ten constricted. — Fr. S.M . ii . p. 377 . Fries, exs. no. 188 . Fnc/.Fl.v.p. 278 . Fckl. exs. no. 800 . Diaporthe salicis , Nice. Feld. exs. no 1987 . Cryptospora salicella, Fclcl. Sym. Myc.p. 193 . S. salicina , Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 48 ,/. 149 . On willow branches. Common. [Up. Carolina.] Sporidia (‘0009 in.) *022 m.m. long. 2659. Spliaezia ocellata. Fr. “ Eyelet Sphseria.” Scattered ; perithecia immersed, globose, persistent, black ; ostiola solitary, umbilicate, exserted from a truncate white disc ; sporidia colourless, slightly curved, rounded or acute at the ends. — Fr. S.M. ii. p. 480 . Eng. FI. v.p. 268 . Curr. Linn. Trans, xxii. t. 58 ,/. 86 . S. brevis , Soiv. t. 394 ,/. 4 . Halonia ocellata , Fr. S.V. S. p. 397 . Cryptosphceria ocellata , De Not. Schema p. 57 . On branches of ash, willow, &c. Externally it at first sight resembles the state of Stictis radiata with an en- tire border, on a more minute investigation it might be taken for Valsanivea or V. leucostoma , but the perithecia are solitary without any conceptaculum. - M.J.B. Sporidia (*0004 in.) *01 m.m. long. 2659. Sphaexia fas: eta. B. & Br. “ Stuffed Sphseria.” Covered, scattered ; perithecia solitary, globose, at length col- lapsed ; neck short ; ostiolum obtuse, at length perforating the cuticle ; asci clavate, obtuse ; sporidia oblong, rather obtuse at either end, 3-4 nucleate. — B. Br. Ann. N.H. no. 631 , t. 10 ,/. 15 . On dead elm twigs. Jan. Batheaston. Scattered, scarcely conspicuous externally except from the slight projec- tion over each perithecium, which is at length perforated by; the obtuse os- tiolum. Perithecia globose, collapsing when dry ; neck short; asci clavate, subcylindrical, obtuse, filled with numerous oblong-linear sporidia, which are slightly obtuse at either end, and contain three or more globose nuclei. Resembles externally V. hypodermia , but the perithecia are solitary and the fruit different.— B. Br. SPHJ2PIACEI. 887 2SS0. Sphaezia irevelata. B. Br. “ Uncovered Sphaeria.” Covered, globose, large ; ostiola short, papilliform, ultimately exposed ; asci linear, flexuous ; sporidia uniseriate, oblong, bi- septate. — B.