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THE CHRONOLOGY 
 
 AND 
 
 Order of Ossification of The Bones 
 
 OF THE 
 
 u * ] versity 
 
 0fi ^-U/\rO/$ 
 
 HUMAN 
 
 X-RAY METHOD 
 
 
 J. W. PRYOR, M. D„ 
 
 Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, 
 State University, 
 
 Lexington, Kentucky. 
 
 Lexington, Ky. 
 
 Press of Trannsylvania Company, 
 1908 
 
FRONTISPIECE— W. T., Male, Age 11 Years, 3 Months, 3 Days. 
 
The Chronology and Order of Ossification of the 
 Bones of the Human Carpus. 
 
 In the abstract of an article on the “Hereditary Nature of Variations in Ossi- 
 fication of Bones/’ 1 read at the meeting of the Association of American Anatomists, 
 at Madison, Wis., March 28th, 1907, and published in the Anatomical Record of 
 the American Journal of Anatomy, the following observations on the ossification 
 of the bones of the human carpus were noted : 
 
 First . — The process of ossification is inaugurated much sooner than hitherto 
 supposed. 
 
 Second . — The bones of the female ossify in advance of the male. This is 
 measured at first by days, then months, then years. 
 
 Third . — The chronological order in which the bones of the carpus are ossified 
 is different from that formerly supposed. 
 
 Fourth . — The bones of the first child, as a rule, ossify sooner than those of 
 subsequent children of the same parents. 
 
 Fifth . — Regardless of the variations (normal) the ossification is bilaterally 
 symmetrical. 
 
 Sixth . — The union of the epiphyses with the shaft takes place much sooner than 
 formerly supposed. 
 
 Seventh . — Variation in the ossification of bones is a heritable trait. 
 
 Previous to the reading of this paper, two publications were issued from the 
 Laboratory of Anatomy and Physiology of the State College of Kentucky, per- 
 taining to this subject. 2 
 
 In the first article published, under the title of “The Development of the 
 Bones of the Hand as shown by the X-Ray Method,” the following summary was 
 given : 
 
 1. American Journal of Anatomy, Vol. VI, 1907. 
 
 2. Bulletin Series 2 No. 5. 
 
 Bulletin Series 3 No. 4. 
 
Fig. III. — P. M., Male, 1 Year, 6 Months, 6 Days. 
 
 Fig. IV. — W. S., Male, 1 Year, 9 Months, 10 Days. 
 
CARPUS 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 f Female: between the third and fourth months. 
 
 Os magnum < 
 
 \Male: between the seventh and eighth month. 
 
 i Female: between the third and ourtli month. 
 Male: between the seventh and eighth month. 
 
 I Female: thirteenth or fourteenth month. 
 
 Cuneiform 
 
 Semilunar 
 
 Scaphoid 
 
 Trapezoid 
 
 Trapezium 
 
 Pisiform 
 
 \Male: early in the third year. 
 
 ( Female : late in third or early in fourth year. 
 
 Male: between fourth and fifth year. 
 
 { . Female : when about four years of age. 
 
 Male: when about six years of age. 
 
 ( Female: between the fourth and fifth year. 
 
 Male: between the fifth and sixth year. 
 
 Female: between the fourth and fifth year (usually preceded by 
 trapezoid) . 
 
 Male: early in the eighth year (usually preceded by trapezoid). 
 
 { Female: between the ninth and tenth year. 
 
 Male: between the twelfth and thirteenth year. 
 
 As stated at that time, “The conclusions are in a sense tentative and the sum- 
 mary incomplete.” A large number of cases would have to be studied before the 
 average could be positively determined. 
 
 At the present time I have observed five hundred and fifty-four (554) hands, 
 
Fig. V.— H. C. T., Male, 6 Years, 4 Months, 25 Days. Fig. VI.— L. F., Female, 5 Years, 9 Months, 28 Days. 
 
 Fig. VII.— E. T. R., Male, 5 Years, 10 Months, 3 Days. Fig. VIII.— M. R., Female, 5 Years, 1 Month, 9 Days. 
 
of which two hundred and sixty-six (266) were of the female and two hundred 
 and eighty-eight (288) were male. 
 
 Of this number one hundred (100) of the females were under seven years 
 of age. Of the males one hundred and six (106) were under seven years of age. 
 
 A careful study of these hands confirms the observations made, but some 
 changes must be made in the summary as presented in the first publication. 
 
 The first observation, viz., “The process of ossification is inaugurated much 
 sooner than hitherto supposed/’ and the third : “The chronological order in which 
 the bones of the carpus are ossified,” will be considered in this article. 
 
 In the table herewith given I have included only those in which the chronol- 
 ogy was distinct. There is, of course, opportunity for error in this. There may 
 possibly be a much larger proportion of cases in which the unciform has preceded 
 the magnum than is indicated by their relative size. There could not be great 
 error in this, at least not enough to materially change the result or influence the 
 conclusions. I have not tried to obtain a large number of subjects under one 
 year of age for the reason that the results were uniform in such a large majority 
 that it seemed unnecessary. The magnum is a larger bone than the unciform and 
 the nucleus of the former will soon exceed in size the latter. This would indicate 
 that the rate of deposit of lime salts in the larger bone would exceed that of the 
 smaller hone. However, the larger size of the nucleus does not always indicate 
 priority of appearance. 
 
 The deposit of lime salts in anticipation of the shape of the completed bone 
 is fairly uniform in all instances, and is peculiar to each bone. 
 
 In all of the bones of the carpus the first appearance is that of a pin point. 
 This will become round and then elongate, and as it enlarges the shadow will be 
 characteristic of each bone. Thus that of the magnum will be longer in the ver- 
 tical diameter and is usually constricted in the middle. The unciform always 
 assumes a triangular shape, with the apex toward the centre and directed 
 obliquely downward and inward. The cuneiform becomes oval with the long 
 diameter obliquely downward and inward. 
 
 The semilunar remains round on the surface, but often becomes pyramidal. 
 The scaphoid rapidly grows in the long diameter of the bone and soon distinctly 
 anticipates the boat shape. The trapezoid and trapezium remain round until they 
 are quite large. Although the palmar surface of the bone is in contact with the 
 plate, the shadow cast is largely determined by the dorsal surface which is inter- 
 posed between the tube and the plate, thus obstructing the rays. When the nega- 
 tive is compared with the bone, the resemblance to the dorsal surface is distinct. 
 
Fig. IX. — C. B., Female, 5 Years, 9 Months, 17 Days, right. Fig. X. — C. B., Female, 5 Years, 9 Months, 17 Days, left. 
 
 Fig. XI. — S. G., Female, 5 Years, 1 Day, right. 
 
 Fig. XII. — S. G., Female, 5 years, 1 Day, left. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Size of 
 Nucleus 
 in M . M . 
 
 
 X 
 
 <D 
 
 (/) 
 
 <D 
 
 U) 
 
 < 
 
 -C 
 
 O 
 
 0) 
 
 re 
 
 o 
 
 c 
 
 D 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 E 
 
 <L> 
 
 0) 
 
 re 
 
 o 
 
 (J) 
 
 re 
 
 L. 
 
 h 
 
 re 
 
 s. 
 
 h 
 
 w 
 
 il 
 
 
 1. A. C. K. . 
 
 . F. 
 
 3- 8 
 
 2nd 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 U. .1 
 
 2. E. C. . . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 6 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 5-U. 4 
 
 3. P. D. D. . 
 
 . F. 
 
 8- 5 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 5-U. 3 
 
 4. M. B. . . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 1- 2-20 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 7-U. 6-C. 1.7 
 
 5. A. C. K.. 
 
 . F. 
 
 1- 5- 1 
 
 2nd 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 4-U. 5 
 
 6. C. G. B.. 
 
 . F. 
 
 1- 9-24 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 9-U. 7 
 
 7. C. D. 
 
 . F. 
 
 2- 2-23 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 8-U. 7-C. 5 
 
 8. M. B. 
 
 . F. 
 
 2- 3-10 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 9.U. 8-C. 4 
 
 9. E. C. 
 
 . F. 
 
 2- 5-13 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 3-S. 2 
 
 10. R. N. 
 
 . F. 
 
 2-10-12 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 10-U. 8 
 
 11. M. B. 
 
 . F. 
 
 3- 2- 9 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 2 
 
 12. E. W. 
 
 . F. 
 
 3- 6-21 
 
 2nd . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 M. 13-Sc. 2.5- 
 U. 10-C. 7-S. 4- 
 Tm. 3 
 
 13. J. B. S. . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 3- 7-25 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 4 
 
 14. C. R. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 3- 7-26 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 6-S. 5-Td. 2 
 
 15. N. S. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 3- 8-28 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 4 
 
 16. C. S 
 
 . F. 
 
 3-10-14 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 5-S. 2 
 
 17. R. A. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 3-10-20 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 6 
 
 18. M. M. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 3-11- 4 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 2 
 
 19. J. M 
 
 . F. 
 
 3-11-22 
 
 11th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 4-S. 3 
 
 20. B. D. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 4- 0- 0 
 
 6th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 6-S. .3 
 
 .21. A. P 
 
 . F. 
 
 4- 0- 0 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 C. 6-S. 5-Td. 3- 
 Tm. 1. 
 
 22. C. F 
 
 . F. 
 
 4- 1- 7 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 S. 7- Sc. 6-Td. 4 
 Tm. 5 
 
 23. E. H 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 1-23 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 5 
 
 24. M. B 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 2-18 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 5-S. 3 
 
 25. D. P 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 4-24 
 
 7th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 S. 7-Sc. 2. 5-Td. 
 3-Tm. 2 
 
 26. 1. S 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 6- 0 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 6-S. 5 
 
 27. M. L. K. . 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 7- 9 
 
 1st 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 4-Sc. .8 
 
 28. B. D 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 8-18 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5-Sc. 4- Td. 
 3.5 
 
 29. J. L. W. . 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 9- 5 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5-Sc. 1.2 
 
 30. E. J. 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 9-12 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 S. 6 
 
 31. V. A 
 
 . F. 
 
 4-10-15 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. .8 
 
 32. E. B 
 
 F. 
 
 4-10-22 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 S. 8-Sc. 5-Td. 
 
 4-Tm. 7 
 
 33. R. H 
 
 F. 
 
 4-11- 7 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5-Sc. 1-Td. 
 
 3.2-Tm. 2 
 
 34. S. G 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 0- 1 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 S. 2 -Sc. 3-Td. 
 2.5-Tm. 5 
 
 35. M. R 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 1- 9 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 S. 3-Sc. 4.8-Td. 
 5.2-Tm. 1 
 
 36. J. M. F.. . 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 1-12 
 
 6th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5-Td. 4-Tm. 5 
 
 37. R. E 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 1-12 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 S. 6-Td. 3.2- 
 
g. XIII. — L. F., Male, 5 Years, 4 Months, 9 Days, right. Fig. XIV. — L. F., Male, 5 Years, 4 Months, 9 Days, left. 
 
 Fig. XV.— J. P. Male, 6 years, 3 Months. 
 
 Fig. XVI. — I. B., Female, 6 years. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, (Continued). 
 
 
 Name. 
 
 Sex. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Child. 
 
 Magnum. 
 
 Unciform. 
 
 Cuneiform. 
 
 Semilunar. 
 
 Scaphoid. 
 
 T rapezoid. 
 
 Trapezium 
 
 Pisiform. 
 
 Size of 
 
 N ucleus 
 in M. M. 
 
 38. 
 
 E. K. 
 
 
 . . F. 
 
 5- 1-12 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 S. 6-Sc. 2-Td. 
 3-Tm. 4 
 
 40. 
 
 1. R. 
 
 
 . F. 
 
 5- 1-16 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 4-Td. .2 
 
 41. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 W. 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 1-21 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 2.5 . 
 
 42. 
 
 L. F. 
 
 
 . F. 
 
 5- 3-13 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 5-S. 8-Sc. 1- 
 Td. 2 
 
 43. 
 
 T. C. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 3-22 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5 
 
 44. 
 
 H. S. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 3-27 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 3 
 
 45. 
 
 C. S. 
 
 
 , F. 
 
 5- 4- 7 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5-Td. 2- 
 Tm. .2 
 
 4o. 
 
 C. B. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 9-17 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 5-Td. 6 
 
 47. 
 
 E. J. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 5-12 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 4.6-Td. 4- 
 Tm. 5 
 
 48. 
 
 A. W. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 5-22 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 3-Sc. 4-Td. 1 
 
 49. 
 
 A. P. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 6- 1 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 S. 7- Sc 3-Td. 5 
 Tm. 6 
 
 50. 
 
 M. P. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 6-24 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 M. 3 
 
 51. 
 
 M. E. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 7- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 S. 6-Sc. 8-Td. 5 
 Tm. 8.2 
 
 52. 
 
 M. V. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 7- 3 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 5-Td. 6- 
 
 Tm. 4 
 
 53. 
 
 M. S. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 7- 8 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 Td. 3-Tm. 2 
 
 54. 
 
 A. L. 
 
 F. . . 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 7-20 
 
 10th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5 
 
 55. 
 
 V. B. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 7-24 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 5-Td. 6- 
 
 Tm. 3.5 
 
 56. 
 
 V. Y. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 7-29 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 S. 4- Sc. 6-Td. 
 51Tm. 9 
 
 57. 
 
 M. R. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 8- 5 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 5-Td. 6- 
 
 Tm. 7 
 
 58. 
 
 E. C. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 9-14 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 2.5-Td. 5- 
 
 Tm. 4 
 
 59. 
 
 L. F. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 9-28 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 6-Td. 5 
 
 60. 
 
 H. S. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5-10- 9 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 4.1-Td. 4- 
 Tm. 3 
 
 61. 
 
 R. K. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5-10- 9 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 S. 3.5-Sc. 2.5- 
 Td. 5-Tm. 4 
 
 62. 
 
 V. C. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5-10-14 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 4-Td. 6- 
 
 Tm. 5 
 
 63. 
 
 H. P. 
 
 R. . . 
 
 F. 
 
 5-11-16 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. .3-Td. 3- 
 Tm. 2 
 
 64. 
 
 A. W. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 5-11-28 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 65. 
 
 1. B. . 
 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 66. 
 
 M. B. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0- 2 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 67. 
 
 B. F. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0- 3 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 68. 
 
 H. T. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0- 4 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 69. 
 
 H. R. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0- 7 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 70. 
 
 A. B. 
 
 C.. . 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0-13 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
 71. 
 
 S. F. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0-16 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 72. 
 
 M. L. 
 
 K. . 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0-20 
 
 1st 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 73. 
 
 M. P. 
 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0-23 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
 74. 
 
 1. S. . 
 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 1- 0 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 J 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
Fig. XVII. — C. D., Female, 4 Years, 8 Months, 18 Days. Fig. XVIII. — T. W., Male, 6 Years, 11 Months, 11 Days. 
 
 Fig. XIX. — E. W., Female, 3 Years, 6 Months, 21 Days. Fig. XX. — H. W., Male, 5 Years, 2 Months, 21 Days. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, (Continued). 
 
 
 Sex. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Chile 
 
 O) 
 
 re 
 
 o 
 
 e 
 
 D 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 
 O 
 
 Sem 
 
 LL 
 
 03 
 
 O 
 
 (/) 
 
 Li. 
 
 03 
 
 SL 
 
 h 
 
 u. 
 
 re 
 
 h 
 
 </) 
 
 'll 
 
 75. M. C. R. . 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 1- 4 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 76. N. W 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 2-15 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 77. V. A 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 3- 0 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 78. J. L 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 3- 4 
 
 7th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 79. L. P. 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 3- 7 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 80. C. C 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 3- 7 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 81. V. M 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 3-29 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 82. N. D 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 4- 2 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 83. E. S 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 4-22 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 84. E. N 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 5-28 
 
 7th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 85. A. M 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 6-15 
 
 1st . 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 86. A. B 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 6-20 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 87. O. P 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 7- 2 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 88. E. R 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 7- 3 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 89. B. S 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 7- 7 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 0 
 
 90. B. S. . ... . 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 7- 7 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 s 
 
 s 
 
 0 
 
 91. J. F 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 9- 9 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 92, T. F 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 7-15 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 93. E. V 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 7-17 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 94. M. F. C. 
 
 . F. 
 
 6- 8- 8 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 95. V. G 
 
 . F. 
 
 6- 8-10 
 
 6th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 96. V. L 
 
 . F. 
 
 6- 8-11 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 97. N. W. 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 8-29 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 98. G. F 
 
 . F. 
 
 6- 9- 9 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 99. 1. E 
 
 . F. 
 
 6-11- 2 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 100. M. S. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 0- 2 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 101. J. S. C. . 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 1- 2 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 102. M. L. B.. 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 2- 5 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 103. J. B 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 2-20 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 104. D. T. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 4- 0 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 105. A. T. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 4-21 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 106. M. K. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 4-18 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 107. M. K. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 4.-18 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 108. M. S. 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 6- 4 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 109. A. C. 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 7- 0 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 110. S. P. 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 7- 0 
 
 7th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 111. S. J 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 8- 6 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 112. S. B 
 
 . F. 
 
 7- 9-11 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 113. V. H. 
 
 . F. 
 
 7-10-16 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 114. M. B. W. 
 
 . F. 
 
 8- 0- 0 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 115. M. A. M. 
 
 . F. 
 
 8- 1- 4 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 116. R. M. 
 
 . F. 
 
 8- 1- 6 
 
 3rd 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 117. A. M. R. 
 
 . F. 
 
 8- 2-14 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 118. M. P. 
 
 . F. 
 
 8- 3- 0 
 
 6th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 119. M. L. B. 
 
 . F. 
 
 4- 4-13 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 120. M. J 
 
 . F. 
 
 8- 8-18 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 121. B. R. 
 
 . F. 
 
 8- 9-17 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 122. M. B. W. 
 
 . F. 
 
 8-11-16 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 123. M. D. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 9- 0- 0 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 124. L. D. 
 
 . F. 
 
 9- 8- 6 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 125. E. S 
 
 . F. 
 
 9-11-15 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 126. E. R. . . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 9-11-16 
 
 5th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 Size of 
 N ucleus 
 in M. M. 
 
 P. .4 
 
 P. 3 
 
 P. 2 
 
 P. 3 
 P. Z 
 
Fig. XXI. — V. C., Female, 5 Years, 10 Months, 14 Days. Fig. XXII. — E. C., Female, 5 Years, 9 Months, 14 Days. 
 
 Fig. XXIII. — I. M. F., Female, 5 Years, 1 Month, 12 Days. Fig. XXIV. — A. P., Female, 5 Years, 6 Months, 1 Day. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, (Continued) 
 
 Name. 
 
 4 - 3 
 
 Size of 
 N ucleus 
 in M. M. 
 
 
 
 
 Sex. 
 
 Age. 
 
 o 
 
 Mag 
 
 o 
 
 £ 
 
 D 
 
 £ 
 
 3 
 
 o 
 
 Sem 
 
 TO 
 
 O 
 
 CO 
 
 TO 
 
 h 
 
 TO 
 
 h 
 
 CO 
 
 ’n 
 
 
 127. 
 
 L. 
 
 C. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 10-0- 0 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 7 
 
 128. 
 
 E. 
 
 R. . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 10-5-27 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 4 
 
 129. 
 
 C. 
 
 N. . . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 10-5-27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 5 
 
 130. 
 
 S. 
 
 B. . . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 10-6-27 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 4 
 
 131. 
 
 L. 
 
 A. . . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 10-7-26 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 132. 
 
 A. 
 
 W. . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 11-2-15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 7 
 
 133. 
 
 M. 
 
 R. . . 
 
 . F. 
 
 11-6- 4 
 
 3rd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 7 
 
 134. 
 
 T. 
 
 S. M.. 
 
 . F. 
 
 11-8- 6 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 8 
 
 135. 
 
 L. 
 
 D. . . . 
 
 . . F. 
 
 12-1 9 
 
 3rd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 6 
 
 136. 
 
 K. 
 
 N. ... 
 
 . F. 
 
 12-7- 9 
 
 3rd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 10 
 
 1. 
 
 G. 
 
 K. . . . 
 
 M. 
 
 44 
 
 1st 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 2. 
 
 G. 
 
 W. . . 
 
 M. 
 
 7-12 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 1.5 
 
 3. 
 
 P. 
 
 M. ... 
 
 M. 
 
 7-19 
 
 5th 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 U. .3 
 
 4. 
 
 P. 
 
 M. ... 
 
 M. 
 
 1- 6- 6 
 
 5th 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 3-U. 4 
 
 5. 
 
 W. 
 
 S. ... 
 
 M. 
 
 1- 9-10 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 9-U. 7-C. 3 
 
 6. 
 
 J. 
 
 K. R. 
 
 M. 
 
 2- 1- 7 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 6-U. 5 
 
 7. 
 
 L. 
 
 M. ... 
 
 M. 
 
 2- 7-19 
 
 12th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 9-U. 8 
 
 8. 
 
 G. 
 
 G 
 
 . M. 
 
 3- 0- 5 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 8-U. 6 
 
 9. 
 
 T. 
 
 K 
 
 . M. 
 
 3- 9-17 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 3 
 
 10. 
 
 A. 
 
 F 
 
 . M. 
 
 3-10-20 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 5 
 
 11. 
 
 W. 
 
 C. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 0- 0 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 5-S. 2 
 
 12. 
 
 J. 
 
 D. O . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 1-17 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 1Q-U. 8 
 
 13. 
 
 J. 
 
 E 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 1-19 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 C. 6-Tm. 1 
 
 14. 
 
 A. 
 
 L. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 2-24 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 11-U. 9 
 
 15. 
 
 R. 
 
 B 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 2-28 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 5 
 
 16. 
 
 C. 
 
 G 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 4- 3 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 C. 8-S. 7-Sc. 3- 
 Tm. .8 
 
 17. 
 
 H. 
 
 C. T. 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 4-19 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 4.2 
 
 18. 
 
 E. 
 
 M. 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 5- 0 
 
 8th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 2 
 
 19. 
 
 V. 
 
 P. . . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 6- 1 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 6-S. 4 
 
 20. 
 
 H. 
 
 W. . . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 7- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 C. 8-S. 7-Tm. 3 
 
 21. 
 
 L. 
 
 M. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 8-10 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5 
 
 22. 
 
 H. 
 
 M. R. 
 
 . M. 
 
 4- 8-28 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 S. 3.5-Tm. 3 
 
 23. 
 
 R. 
 
 Q 
 
 . M. 
 
 4-10-11 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5 
 
 24. 
 
 W. 
 
 , B. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 4-11-23 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 3 
 
 25. 
 
 L. 
 
 N. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 0- 0 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 M. 12-U. 10 
 
 26. 
 
 R. 
 
 P. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 1- 0 
 
 8th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 7-S. 6 
 
 27. 
 
 W. 
 
 D. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5-1-4 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 C. 3 
 
 28. 
 
 E. 
 
 K. . . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 1-12 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 4.5 
 
 29. 
 
 C. 
 
 C. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 2- 5 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. .7 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 G. 
 
 S 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 2- 5 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 Td. .7-Tm. .5 
 
 31. 
 
 J. 
 
 C. M.. 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 2- 7 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 4 
 
 32. 
 
 J. 
 
 S 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 2- 8 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 6-Td. 5- 
 
 Tm. 4 
 
 33. 
 
 E. 
 
 M 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 2-12 
 
 10th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 4 
 
 34. 
 
 J. 
 
 D 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 2-18 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 1 
 
 35. 
 
 H. 
 
 W. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 2-21 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 Td. .2 
 
 36. 
 
 T. 
 
 S. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 3- 0 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. .2 
 
 37. 
 
 D. 
 
 S. . . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 3- 3 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 2.5-Td. 2- 
 
 Tm. 3 
 
 38. 
 
 T. 
 
 N. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 3- 5 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
Fig. XXV. — L. H., Male, 6 Yrs., 4 Mons., 12 Dys., right. Fig. XXVI. — L. H., Male, 6 Yrs, 4 Mons., 12 Dys., left. 
 
 Fig. XXVII.— S. J., Female, 7 Yrs., 6 Mons., 4 Dys., right.Fig. XXVIII.— S. J., Female, 7 Yrs., 6 Mons., 4 Dys., left. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, (Continued) 
 
 Name. 
 
 ■6 
 
 
 
 Sex. 
 
 Age. 
 
 !e 
 
 a 
 
 39. 
 
 E. W. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 3-10 
 
 1st 
 
 40. 
 
 E. L. . . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 3-11 
 
 2nd 
 
 41. 
 
 R. M. .. 
 
 . M. 
 
 5-. 3-23 
 
 1st 
 
 42. 
 
 G. B. D. 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 4- 6 
 
 3rd 
 
 43. 
 
 L. F. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 4- 9 
 
 1st 
 
 44. 
 
 W. L. .. 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 4-15 
 
 1st 
 
 45. 
 
 R. J. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 4-26 
 
 4th 
 
 .46. 
 
 J. S 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 5- 5 
 
 1st 
 
 47. 
 
 T. B. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 5-12 
 
 1st 
 
 48. 
 
 J. R. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 5-22 
 
 3rd 
 
 49. 
 
 N. K. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 6- 3 
 
 1st 
 
 50. 
 
 H. C. T. 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 6-18 
 
 3rd 
 
 51. 
 
 R. E. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 6-22 
 
 1st 
 
 52. 
 
 A. V. C.. 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 8- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 53. 
 
 J. W. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 8-17 
 
 1st 
 
 54. 
 
 G. S. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 8-20 
 
 4th 
 
 55. 
 
 A. L 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 8-25 
 
 2nd 
 
 56. 
 
 G. B. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 8-29 
 
 5th 
 
 57. 
 
 J. T. S. . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 9- 6 
 
 4th 
 
 53. 
 
 W. D. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5- 9-26 
 
 2nd 
 
 59. 
 
 W. W. .. 
 
 . M. 
 
 5-10- 2 
 
 2nd 
 
 60. 
 
 W. M. 
 
 , M. 
 
 5-10- 3 
 
 1st 
 
 61. 
 
 E. T. R. 
 
 . M. 
 
 5-10- 3 
 
 2nd 
 
 62. 
 
 H. C. T. . 
 
 . M. 
 
 5-10-20 
 
 1st 
 
 63. 
 
 B. D 
 
 . M. 
 
 5-11-19 
 
 2nd 
 
 64. 
 
 L. S. 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 0- 2 
 
 2nd 
 
 65. 
 
 E. M 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 0- 4 
 
 1st 
 
 66. 
 
 J. D 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 0- 9 
 
 2nd 
 
 67. 
 
 R. G. S. . . 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 0-25 
 
 1st 
 
 68. 
 
 G. B. D. 
 
 , M. 
 
 6- 1- 0 
 
 3rd 
 
 69. 
 
 G. M 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 1- 0 
 
 4th 
 
 70. 
 
 J. W 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 1- 2 
 
 7th 
 
 71. 
 
 R. P 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 1-11 
 
 8th 
 
 72. 
 
 C. B 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 1-14 
 
 2nd 
 
 73. 
 
 S. H 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 1-20 
 
 4th 
 
 74. 
 
 S. P. 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 1-28 
 
 3rd 
 
 75. 
 
 J. T 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 2-11 
 
 1st 
 
 76. 
 
 O. S 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 2- 1 
 
 1st 
 
 77. 
 
 E. B 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 2- 6 
 
 1st 
 
 78. 
 
 F. V 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 2-16 
 
 8th 
 
 79. 
 
 T. N 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 2-21 
 
 3rd 
 
 80. 
 
 L.. S 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 2-22 
 
 1st 
 
 81. 
 
 E. W 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 2-26 
 
 1st 
 
 82. 
 
 H. W. 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 2-28 
 
 3rd 
 
 83. 
 
 A. L 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 3- 0 
 
 3rd 
 
 84. 
 
 J. P. 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 3- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 85 . 
 
 ,C. W. 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 3- 5 
 
 3rd 
 
 86. 
 
 L. M 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 3-23 
 
 6th 
 
 £ 
 
 3 
 
 E 
 
 Cl 
 
 re 
 
 £ 
 
 T 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
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 Size of 
 N ucleus 
 £ in M. M. 
 
 w 
 
 a 
 
 0 Sc. 1-Td. .5 
 Tm. .6 
 0 M. 3 
 0 S. 7 
 0 S. 3 
 0 S. 4-Tm. 2 
 0 C. 1-S. 3-Td. 
 0 Sc. 2:5 . 
 
 0 S. 2-Tm. 3 
 0 S. 5 
 0 M. 10-U. 8 
 0 S. 4 
 0 C. .2- S. .7 
 0 Td. 2 
 0 Tm. 4 
 0 Tm. 3 
 0 Sc. 8-Td. 3- 
 
 Tm. 2 
 
 0 Sc. 2.8-Td. 1 
 0 C. 7 
 0 S. 7-T d. 2 
 0 C. 2 
 
 0 C. 7 
 
 0 S. 1 
 
 0 S. .5-Sc. 2 
 
 0 S. 6 
 
 0 C. 3 
 
 0 S. 1 -Tm. 4 
 
 0 Sc. 6-Td. 7- 
 
 Tm. 5 
 0 S. 2 
 0 Tm. 3.5 
 0 Sc. 3-Td. .8 
 0 Sc. 1.5 
 0 Sc. 4 
 0 Tm. 2.5 
 0 S. 2.5 
 0 Sc. 9-Td. 1- 
 
 Tm. 6.5 
 
 0 Sc. 3-Tm. 2 
 0 S. 7 
 0 Tm. .8 
 0 S. 6 
 0 S. 7 
 0 Sc. 6-Td. 4 
 0 S. 2 
 
 0 Td. 7-Tm. 6 
 0 Td. 1.5 
 0 Sc. 4-Td. 5 
 0 Td. 4-Tm. 2 
 0 Sc. 6-Td. 4.5 
 0 S. 5 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, (Continued), 
 
 
 Name. 
 
 Sex. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Child. 
 
 Magnum. 
 
 Unciform. 
 
 Cuneiform. 
 
 Semilunar. 
 
 Scaphoid. 
 
 T rapezoid. 
 
 Trapezium 
 
 Pisiform. 
 
 Size of 
 
 Nucleus 
 
 in M. M. 
 
 87. 
 
 M. H. . . . 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 4-17 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 88. 
 
 L. H 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 4-19 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 89. 
 
 J. K 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 4-23 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 Td. 1-Tm. 2 
 
 90. 
 
 H. W. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 5- 0 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Td. 2.5 
 
 91. 
 
 M. H. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 5- 5 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 92. 
 
 J. D. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 5-11 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5 
 
 93. 
 
 S. T. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 5-25 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 94. 
 
 G. B. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 5-27 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5 
 
 95. 
 
 H. F. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 6- 4 
 
 Is 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 5 
 
 96. 
 
 L. 1 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 6-12 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 S. 7 
 
 97. 
 
 W. M. . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 6-16 
 
 7th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 98. 
 
 J. D. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 6-16 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Td. 2 
 
 99. 
 
 T. M. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 61 7- 3 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 Td. 3-Tm. .5 
 
 100. 
 
 N. C. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 8-11 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 101. 
 
 G. S 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 9- 6 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 102. 
 
 J. S. .... 
 
 . M. 
 
 6- 9- 9 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 103. 
 
 J. B. D.. 
 
 . M. 
 
 6-10- 9 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 104. 
 
 W. L. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 6-10-16 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 105. 
 
 T. W. 
 
 . M. 
 
 6-11-16 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 Sc. 1 
 
 106. 
 
 R, P. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 0- 0 
 
 8th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 107.- 
 
 ■G. M. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 1- 4 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 108. 
 
 M. M. .. 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 1-26 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
 109. 
 
 W. K. .. 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 2-27 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 110. 
 
 W. M. .. 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 3-25 
 
 9th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 111. 
 
 J. V. 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 4- 9 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 112. 
 
 G. L. 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 7- 0 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 113. 
 
 A. C. . . . 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 7- 4 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 114. 
 
 D. G. 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 8-10 
 
 6th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 115. 
 
 F. D. 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 9-13 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 116. 
 
 C. L. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 7- 9-22 
 
 6th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 117. 
 
 G. M. . .. 
 
 . M. 
 
 8- 0- 1 
 
 4th 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 118. 
 
 T. M. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 8- 1- 4 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
 119. 
 
 R. M. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 8- 2-25 
 
 8th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 120. 
 
 D. B. 
 
 . M. 
 
 8- 3-23 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 121. 
 
 E. M. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 8- 6- 4 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 122. 
 
 L. P. 
 
 . M. 
 
 8- 7-21 
 
 9th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 123. 
 
 W. D. .. 
 
 . M. 
 
 8- 8- 2 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 125. 
 
 IVI. 
 
 M. S. 
 
 
 IVI . 
 
 M. 
 
 o- 
 
 8-10-13 
 
 ISl 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 u 
 
 0 
 
 126. 
 
 R. B. 
 
 G.. 
 
 . M. 
 
 9- 4- 8 
 
 5th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 127. 
 
 R. R. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 9- 5- 2 
 
 7th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 128. 
 
 V. S. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 9- 7-16 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 129. 
 
 L. F. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 9- 8- 7 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 130. 
 
 L. B. 
 
 M. 
 
 . M. 
 
 9- 9-14 
 
 7th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 131. 
 
 P. C. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 9-10- 8 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 132. 
 
 C. R. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 9-11- 4 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 133. 
 
 J. M. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 9-11-26 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 134. 
 
 E. E. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 10- 4-13 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 135. 
 
 W. S. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 10- 5-13 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 136. 
 
 H. F. 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 10- 5-16 
 
 3rd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 137. 
 
 W. E 
 
 
 . M. 
 
 10- 7-10 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, (Continued). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E 
 
 t_ 
 
 o 
 
 E 
 
 tl 
 
 re 
 
 £ 
 
 3 
 
 
 ■d 
 
 E 
 
 
 
 Size 
 
 
 Name. 
 
 
 
 
 E 
 
 3 
 
 £_ 
 
 O 
 
 T3 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 N 
 
 3 
 
 N 
 
 E 
 
 t_ 
 
 
 Nuch 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 <u 
 
 o 
 
 -6 
 
 !E 
 
 E 
 
 O) 
 
 ns 
 
 o 
 
 £ 
 
 <D 
 
 £ 
 
 3 
 
 £ 
 
 0) 
 
 .£ 
 
 a 
 
 re 
 
 o 
 
 as 
 
 a 
 
 re 
 
 s_ 
 
 <D 
 
 a. 
 
 re 
 
 t- 
 
 o 
 
 w 
 
 
 in M. 
 
 
 
 < / ) 
 
 < 
 
 o 
 
 S 
 
 D 
 
 o 
 
 </) 
 
 (0 
 
 h 
 
 h 
 
 CL 
 
 
 
 138. 
 
 S. F 
 
 . M. 
 
 10- 8- 0 
 
 3rd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 139. 
 
 W. T. 
 
 . M. 
 
 10- 9- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 140. 
 
 B. B. 
 
 . M. 
 
 11- 0- 4 
 
 6th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 141. 
 
 W. T. 
 
 . M. 
 
 11- 3- 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 142. 
 
 F. R. 
 
 . M. 
 
 11- 3-23 
 
 6th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 143. 
 
 B. T. 
 
 . M. 
 
 11- 4-22 
 
 3rd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 144. 
 
 H. F. 
 
 . M. 
 
 11- 8- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 
 
 2 
 
 145. 
 
 C. W. ... 
 
 . M. 
 
 12- 6- 0 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 146. 
 
 W. C. . . 
 
 .. M. 
 
 12- 6-24 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 147. 
 
 R. F. . . 
 
 . . M. 
 
 12- 9- 4 
 
 2nd 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 
 
 10 
 
 148. 
 
 D. V. 
 
 . M. 
 
 12-10- 0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 
 
 5 
 
 149. 
 
 E. M. 
 
 . . M. 
 
 12-10-21 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 150. 
 
 . R. W. . 
 
 . . M. 
 
 13- 0- 6 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 151. 
 
 . E. P. 
 
 . . M. 
 
 13- 7-25 
 
 6th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 
 
 8 
 
 152. 
 
 E. S. 
 
 . . M. 
 
 13- 9- 5 
 
 1st 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 P. 
 
 6 
 
 153. 
 
 J. F. ... 
 
 . . M. 
 
 14- 0-16 
 
 4th 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 The os magnum is the first bone in the human carpus to begin the process 
 of ossification. In the hand of the female, the first point will make its appearance 
 before the child is six months of age. In exceptional instances ossification may 
 begin before birth. This I believe to be the case with No. 2 — E. C., age six month. 
 In this hand the nucleus of the magnum is five m. m. in diameter and that of the 
 unciform is three m. m. The former must have made its appearance before birth, 
 and that of the latter soon after birth. Then in the hand of No. 3 — P. D. D., 
 age eight months and five days — the magnum is five m. m. in diameter. The 
 youngest of the female hands of which I have made a negative is that of No. 1 — 
 A. C. K., age three months and eight days. This negative shows a pin point of 
 ossification in the unciform. 
 
 Another exposure of this hand at the age of one year, five months and one 
 day shows the nucleus of the unciform is five m. m., and that of the magnum is 
 four m. m. in diameter. In all of the hands of those under three years of age, 
 the size of the nucleus would indicate the average appearance of the magnum be- 
 tween the third and sixth month, and that of the unciform a few months later. 
 
 The cuneiform will make its appearance between the second and third years. 
 The fourth bone of the carpus to begin ossification is the semilunar, the nucleus 
 of which will appear between the third and fourth year ; while that of the scaphoid 
 will appear when the child is about four years of age, or early in the fifth year. 
 It is only in rare or exceptional instances that you find the semilunar or scaphoid 
 appearing after the child is five years of age. 
 
 The trapezoid and trapezium will make their appearance between the fourth 
 
and fifth year, in the order named. The last bone, or pisiform, will begin ossifi- 
 cation between the ninth and tenth year. An examination of the table will show 
 that in only six instances can we record the absence of any of the bones that should 
 be present when the child was six years of age or older. The oldest hand of the 
 female showing the absence of the trapezoid and trapezium is that of No. 87 — 
 0. P., age six years, seven months and two days. 
 
 The male hand is slower to develop. The difference is measured at first by 
 days, then months, then years. An examination of this part of the table will show 
 that in only six instances can we find the absence of any of the seven bones of the 
 carpus that should be present when the child was seven years of age or older. 
 
 The oldest of the male hands showing the absence of any of these bones is 
 that of No. 125 — M. S., age eight years, ten months and thirteen days. In this 
 hand the trapezium has not made its appearance. The slowest of the male hands 
 in developing is that of No. 120 — D. B., age eight years, three months and twenty- 
 three days. In this hand the scaphoid, trapezoid, and the trapezium have not 
 appeared. 
 
 The chronological order in which the bones of the human carpus are ossified 
 is as follows: 1, Os Magnum. 2, Unciform. 3, Cuneiform. 4, Semilunar. 
 5, Scaphoid. 6, Trapezoid. 7, Trapezium. 8, Pisiform. 
 
 In the summary of the table we find that in two hundred and forty-three (243) 
 hands there is good evidence that the magnum appeared first two hundred and 
 thirty-eight (238) times and the unciform five (5) times. In two hundred and 
 forty-one (241) hands the unciform appeared first in five (5) instances and the 
 magnum two hundred and thirty-six (236) times. 
 
 In those hands in which the cuneiform had made its appearance it came in 
 the third place two hundred and nineteen (219) times, and in the fourth place 
 ten (10) times. You will observe that the cuneiform is not displaced by any of 
 the other bones except the semilunar, which appeared in the third place twelve (12) 
 times, and in its own position, the fourth, one hundred and seventy-six (176) times. 
 Eight (8) times in the fifth position, twice (2) in the sixth, and six (6) times 
 in the seventh place, in a total of two hundred and four (204) instances. 
 
 In one hundred and twenty-nine (129) hands we find the scaphoid has ap- 
 peared. Of this number it appeared three (3) times in the fourth position, 
 eighty (80) times in the fifth, twenty-seven (27) times in the sixth, and ninteen 
 (19) times in the seventh place. 
 
 The table shows one hundred and twenty-four (124) hands in which the trape- 
 zoid presents a point of ossification or a very large nucleus. In eight (8) instances 
 it appeared in the fourth place, thirty-six (36) times in the fifth, fifty-nine (59) 
 times in the sixth, and twenty-one (21) times in the seventh position. 
 
 The trapezium made its appearance seven (7) times in the fourth position, 
 
thirty (30) times in the fifth, thirty-one (31) times in the sixth, and fifty-one (51) 
 times in its own position, that of the seventh. 
 
 There are nineteen (19) showing a nucleus of ossification in the pisiform, all 
 appearing in the eighth position. This may be more distinctly seen in the form 
 of a summary. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 
 Magnum. 
 
 U nciform. 
 
 Cuneiform. 
 
 Semilunar. 
 
 Scaphoid. 
 
 T rapezoid. 
 
 T rapezium, 
 
 Pisiform. 
 
 First 
 
 238 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Second 
 
 5 
 
 236 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Third 
 
 
 219 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fourth 
 
 
 10 
 
 176 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 
 Fifth 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 36 
 
 30 
 
 
 Sixth 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 27 
 
 59 
 
 31 
 
 
 Seventh . . . . 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 51 
 
 
 Eighth 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 Total. . . 
 
 243 
 
 241 229 
 
 204 
 
 129 
 
 124 
 
 119 
 
 19 
 
 If my conclusions are correct in placing them 
 
 in 
 
 the order 
 
 in which they are 
 
 found in the table, and, 
 
 as I have said, I have used only those in which the order. 
 
 was distinct; 
 
 there can 
 
 hardly be a question that 
 
 the chronological order 
 
 of ossi- 
 
 fication is in 
 
 accordance with this table. 
 
 It will, 
 
 however, be 
 
 seen there 
 
 are all 
 
 kinds of variations, or what might be called combinations; thus, the magnum or 
 unciform may be found in either the first or second positions, but they are never 
 displaced by any of the other bones. 
 
 The cuneiform is rarely displaced from the third position, and then only by 
 the semilunar. The latter bone has a strong hold on the fourth place, but it may 
 be found in the third, fifth, sixth or seventh positions; that is, in exceptional 
 instances. 
 
 The scaphoid, trapezoid, and the trapezium frequently exchange positions. 
 
 Fig. I represents the order in which the average will occur, viz. : 1. os magnum. 
 2, unciform. 3, cuneiform. 4, semilunar. 5, scaphoid. 6, trapezoid. 7, trape- 
 zium. 8, pisiform. 
 
 In Fig. II, we have an instance in which the unciform is found in the first 
 position, preceding the magnum. Fig. Ill is the same hand taken eleven months 
 later. The magnum evidently appeared soon after that of the unciform, but has 
 not had sufficient time for its nucleus to grow larger than the last named bone. 
 In Fig. IV the cuneiform is in its proper position, that is the third. In Figs. V 
 and VI, the semilunar has appeared in the third position in advance of the cunei- 
 form. Fig. VII shows the scaphoid has preceded the semilunar and is found in 
 
the fourth position; and in Fig. VIII the trapezoid is in the fourth place, trapezium 
 fifth, scaphoid sixth, and the semilunar seventh. Figs. IX and X are the right 
 and left hands, in which we find the trapezoid in the fourth position and the 
 scaphoid fifth. There is quite a large nucleus of all of these bones. The semi- 
 lunar has not made its appearance. In Figs. XI and XII the trapezium has ap- 
 peared in the fourth position, the scaphoid fifth, the semilunar sixth, and the 
 trapezoid seventh, in the right and left hands. In Figs. XIII and XIV the trape- 
 zium is in the fifth position. We have still another arrangement in Fig. XV, in 
 which we see the trapezoid fourth, the trapezium fifth, and the semilunar sixth. 
 Fig. XVI is somewhat different; the trapezoid is in the fourth place and the semi- 
 lunar fifth. In Figs. XVII and XVIII the trapezoid is fifth and the scaphoid 
 sixth. In the hands of a brother and sister, Figs. XIX and XX, we find the trape- 
 zium in the fifth position. Figs. XVI and XVII show the trapezoid in the fifth 
 position, the trapezium sixth, and the scaphoid seventh; and in Figs. XXIII and 
 XXIV the trapezium is in the fifth and the trapezoid is in the sixth positions. 
 
 This may be more graphically shown when grouped and in tabular form, as 
 follows : 
 
 Name. 
 
 Sex. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Child. 
 
 Magnum. 
 
 Unciform. 
 
 i 
 
 Cuneiform. 
 
 [ 
 
 Semilunar. 
 
 Scaphoid. 
 
 Trapezoid. 1 
 
 T rapezium. 
 
 Pisiform. 
 
 
 1. N. V 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 2-15 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 0 
 
 
 2. P. M 
 
 M. 
 
 7-19 
 
 5th 
 
 0 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 3. P. M 
 
 M. 
 
 1- 6- 6 
 
 5th 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 4. W. S 
 
 M. 
 
 1-0-0 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 5. H. C. T 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 4-25 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 6. L. F 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 9-28 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 7. E. T. R 
 
 M. 
 
 5-10- 3 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 8. M. R 
 
 F. 
 
 5-1-9 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 9. C. B 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 9-11 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 10. C. B 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 9-17 
 
 3rd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 11. S. G 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 0- 1 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 
 12. S. G 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 0- 1 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 
 13. L. F 
 
 M. 
 
 5- 4- 9 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 14. L. F 
 
 M. 
 
 5- 4- 9 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 15. J. P 
 
 M. 
 
 6- 3- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 16. J. B 
 
 F. 
 
 6- 0- 0 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 17. B. D 
 
 F. 
 
 4- 8-18 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 18. T. W 
 
 M. 
 
 6-11-16 
 
 5th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 19. E. W 
 
 F. 
 
 3- 6-21 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 20. H. W 
 
 M. 
 
 5- 2-21 
 
 1st 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 21. V. C 
 
 F. 
 
 5-10-14 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
 22. E. C 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 9-14 
 
 2nd 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 
 23. 1. M. F 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 1-12 
 
 6th 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 24. A. P 
 
 F. 
 
 5- 6- 1 
 
 4th 
 
 1 
 
 2 ' 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 
 In extremely rare instances some of the bones of the carpus are developed 
 from two nuclei. 
 
In Figs. XXV and XXVI we have the right and left hand showing a double 
 nucleus in the cuneiform and semilunar. The position of the tube will account 
 for the difference in the shadow in the two hands. The negatives show the two 
 nuclei in each bone distinctly. 
 
 In Figs. XXVII and XXVIII there is a double nucleus in the trapezoid of 
 the right hand, but it is not found in the left hand, as will be seen. 
 
 These are the only instances in which I have observed two points of ossifica- 
 tion in a single bone. 
 
 Other observers have recorded the presence of the os centrale , the os subcapit- 
 alum, and the styloid process of the third metacarpal bone as separate and distinct 
 bones. I have not been able to find indications of any of these variations in my 
 negatives. 
 
 In arriving at these conclusions, a number of factors are to be taken into 
 consideration. The rate of growth varies in different families. In some families 
 the bones ossify with much greater rapidity than others. Condition of health, 
 accidents, disease, anything that would interfere with the blood supply or modify 
 metabolism, would be likely to delay or modify the process of ossification. 
 
 The shadow of the nucleus is somewhat larger than the object, and the condi- 
 tions under which the exposures are made should be uniform, such as the distance 
 of the tube from the plate, the time of exposure and the development of the plate, 
 should all be considered. Making all possible allowance for errors on account of 
 these factors, and using such cases in which I have obtained negatives showing 
 minute points of ossification; then making subsequent exposures of these hands 
 at frequent intervals, one, two or more months apart, I have been able to approxi- 
 mate the rate of growth. Then taking the size of the nucleus in m. m., we can 
 estimate the times of appearance with as much freedom from error as could be 
 determined by other methods. 
 
 In the frontispiece we have an instance in which the trapezium in the male 
 hand has made its appearance at a very late date. 
 
CARPUS 
 
 CONCLUSIONS. 
 
 f 1 . Os Magnum 
 
 2 . Unciform. . . 
 
 3. Cuneiform. . 
 
 4. Semilunar. . 
 
 5. Scaphoid. 
 
 6. Trapezoid. . . 
 
 7. Trapezium. 
 
 1 8. Pisiform .... 
 
 Female: between the third and sixth month. 
 
 Male: between the fourth and tenth month. 
 
 Female: between the fifth and tenth month. 
 
 Male: between the sixth and twelfth month. 
 
 Female: between the second and third year. 
 
 Male: when about three years of age. 
 
 Female: between the third and fourth year. 
 
 Male: when about four years of age. 
 
 Female: at four years of age, or early in fifth year. 
 
 Male: when about five years of age. 
 
 Female: between fourth and fifth year (preceding trapezium). 
 
 Male: between fifth and sixth year (preceding trapezium). 
 
 Female: between fourth and fith year (preceded by trapezoid), 
 
 Male: between fifth and sixth year (preceded by trapezoid). 
 
 Female: between the ninth and tenth year. 
 
 Male: between the twelfth and thirteenth year.