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 PASTORAL LETTER 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 RIGHT REV. C. W. SANDFORD, D.D. 
 
 BISHOP OF GIBRALTAR, 
 
 TO THE 
 
 CLERGY AND LAITY OF THE DIOCESE. 
 
 From the Author. 
 
 OXFORD and LONDON: 
 JAMES PARKER AND CO. 
 
 1878. 

 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 The Conference of Bishops holden at Lambeth' . . 5 
 
 The nature and objects of this Conference . . .6 
 
 Diversities in the mode of conducting Public Worship . . 8 
 
 Confession . . . . . . .11 
 
 Commendatory Letters . . . . .13 
 
 The Day of Intercession for Missions to the Heathen . .14 
 
 Historical sketch of English Chaplaincies abroad . .16 
 
 The position of the Church of England in foreign countries in 
 
 relation to other Christian Communities . . .19 
 
 Recommendations of the Committee appointed by the Con- 
 ference held at Lambeth to consider the position of Anglican 
 Chaplains abroad . . . . . .21 
 
 Episcopal Licence, or written sanction to officiate, abroad . 22 
 The Chaplaincies of the American Episcopal Church on the 
 Continent . . . . . . .25 
 
 The Spanish and Portuguese Reformed Episcopal Church . 27 
 Revival of spiritual life in English Chaplaincies . . 30 
 
 Plan suggested for improving the position of the permanent 
 Chaplaincies . . . . . .32 
 
 Importance of legally securing the property of our churches 
 
 in foreign countries. Legal difficulties . . .33 
 
 Registration of baptisms, marriages, and burials . . 36 
 
 The Report of the Committee of the Lower House of Con- 
 vocation on the spiritual provision required for British sea- 
 men in foreign ports . . . . .38 
 
 "Work in behalf of British seamen needed in this Diocese . 40 
 
 The English Church at Sulina, at the mouth of the Danube . 41 
 Girls' Friendly Society . . . . .42 
 
 New field opened to the enterprise and civilizing institutions 
 
 of Englishmen by the acquisition of Cyprus . . .43 
 
 Part which the Church of England should play . . ib. 
 
 Introduction of intoxicating liquors to be discouraged . . ib. 
 
 A Chaplaincy to provide for the religious wants of English 
 
 civilians will soon be required . . . .44 
 
 A 2
 
 iv CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Our relations to the Christian Churches now existing in the 
 island . . . . . . .44 
 
 "Work which our Church should take in hand . . .45 
 
 Appeal of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel . ib. 
 
 "Work contemplated by other Church Societies, and by Chris- 
 tian Englishmen generally . . . . .46 
 
 Friendly attitude of the Eastern Churches towards the Church 
 of England . . . . . . ib. 
 
 Resignations of the Yen. Archdeacon Cleugh, and Canon 
 Neville-Rolfe . . . . . .47 
 
 Deaths of Canon Gribble and the Rev. S. B. Burtchaell . 49 
 
 The rewards of pastoral labour abroad . . .51 
 
 Help needed from the Laity . . . . .52 
 
 Appendix . . . .. . . .54 
 
 uiuc!
 
 Christ Church, Oxford, 
 Sept. 19, 1878. 
 
 A PASTORAL LETTEE. 
 
 My Brethren of the Clergy and Laity, 
 
 The Conference of Bishops which brought its la- 
 bours to a close two months ago at Lambeth will 
 render this year one of the most memorable in the 
 annals of our Church. Such an assemblage is with- 
 out parallel in England. Never before have a hun- 
 dred Bishops of the Anglican Communion, gathered 
 from all parts of the world, met together in council. 
 Never have I attended a more solemn and impres- 
 sive ceremony than the concluding Service held in 
 St. Paul's Cathedral, where the Bishops who had 
 taken part in the deliberations assembled for the 
 last time, to join in the highest act of Christian bro- 
 therhood and united worship. We should be thank- 
 ful that the Conference has met, not only for the 
 valuable work that has been done, but also for the 
 noble example of true Christian unity which has 
 been presented by the Church of England and her 
 daughter Churches ; and for the eloquent and ir- 
 refragable proof which has been given to the world 
 of the great magnitude, the expansive power, the 
 deep vitality, and true Catholicity of the Anglican 
 Communion. Eepresentatives of Churches from every 
 corner of the earth to which our race has spread,
 
 D A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 owning allegiance to different civil powers, nurtured 
 in different outward circumstances, variously situ- 
 ated and diversely administered, some being con- 
 nected with the State, some altogether separate, were 
 seen to be in perfect accord on questions which have 
 long agitated the minds of Christians. This harmony 
 which is known to have marked our deliberations 
 can hardly fail to strengthen the bonds of peace, 
 if here and there of late years the peace of the 
 Church has been imperilled. The voice with which 
 the Conference has spoken is an unanimous voice. 
 And so, too, the testimony which the different Bishops 
 have borne to the general growth of spiritual life 
 in their several Dioceses must surely prove a power- 
 ful incentive to energy, if energy has anywhere been 
 lacking, in the service of our great Lord and Savi- 
 our. The thought that in the most distant lands 
 to which our countrymen have found their way are 
 to be seen sons and daughters of our Church fur- 
 thering the cause of righteousness and enlighten- 
 ment, and proclaiming God's message of mercy to 
 a fallen world, must encourage us in our efforts to 
 correct what is amiss, and to supply what is still 
 defective. 
 
 From some of the letters which have been addressed 
 to me respecting the Chaplaincies of the Church of 
 England ou the Continent of Europe and elsewhere, I 
 gather that the true nature of this Conference, and the 
 objects for which it was summoned, have not been 
 universally understood. The suggestions which these 
 letters contained, and which I was asked to lay before 
 the Bishops, were in themselves very valuable; but 
 the subjects with which they dealt were not within
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 7 
 
 the province of the Conference. The Conference was 
 not a Council convened to settle matters of doc- 
 trine. It was not even a Synod of all the Anglican 
 Churches. It had no legislative power. It was 
 purely a deliberative or consultative body. Its ob- 
 ject was to make provision for certain practical needs, 
 to suggest remedies for certain practical evils. It 
 is true that recent events rendered it desirable that 
 the position which the Church of England maintains 
 in regard to other Communions should be re-affirmed, 
 and that certain false doctrines should once more be 
 repudiated. But this was not the real purpose of 
 the Conference. It is true also that the letter which 
 the Conference has issued contains suggestions which 
 may be adopted by the Legislative Assemblies of 
 Colonial Churches in framing their constitutions. 
 But the Conference was not in itself a legislative 
 body; it had neither the power nor the desire to 
 force any society into an acceptance of those sug- 
 gestions which it has published. Nevertheless, as 
 these suggestions, which originally were the work 
 of Committees appointed to consider certain definite 
 subjects, were adopted ultimately by the unanimous 
 voice of the assembled Bishops, and therefore possess 
 the authority of the whole Conference, we can hardly 
 doubt that they will receive the attention of the 
 various Synods and other governing powers in the 
 several Churches, and of all the faithful throughout the 
 world, to whom they are commended. (Appendix, 1.) 
 It is not my purpose in this letter to review the 
 Address which the Conference has issued: it would 
 be great presumption in me to attempt such a task. 
 My purpose is simply to call your attention to certain
 
 8 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 parts of it which especially affect ourselves in our 
 work among members of our Church on the Con- 
 tinent. If you read the Address, you will see that, 
 while with some portions of it we are only concerned 
 so far as this, that whatever affects any part of the 
 Anglican Communion, in a greater or less degree 
 affects us all, other portions were intended for our- 
 selves directly and exclusively. 
 
 Before I speak on those parts of the Address with 
 which we are exclusively concerned, I will say a word 
 on one or two matters with which it deals, and which 
 are of great interest to us all at the present time. 
 
 As you are aware, the peace of the Church has 
 lately been much disturbed by diversities in the 
 mode of conducting public worship. Though such 
 diversities have been justly pronounced to be in- 
 significant in comparison with the eternal verities 
 of our religion, yet as they have been found to cause 
 disquiet and to endanger unity, they cannot be set 
 aside as being of no account. As the Bishops 
 were expected to speak some words of advice on 
 this subject, great dissatisfaction would have been 
 felt, and justly felt, if no reference had been made 
 to it, and no kindly counsel given. The passages 
 which bear upon the subject are the following : — 
 
 " Together with this unity, however, there has existed 
 among these Churches that variety of custom, discipline, 
 and form of worship which necessarily results from the ex- 
 ercise by each ' particular or national Church ' of its right 
 * to ordain, change, and abolish ceremonies or rites of the 
 Church ordained only by man's authority, so that all things 
 be done to edifying.' "We gladly acknowledge that there 
 is at present a no real ground for anxiety on account of this
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 9 
 
 diversity ; but the desire has of late been largely felt and 
 expressed, that some practical and efficient methods should 
 be adopted, in order to guard against possible sources of 
 disunion in the future, and at the same time further to 
 manifest and cherish that true and substantial agreement 
 which exists among these increasingly numerous Churches." 
 -(Pp. 10, 11.) 
 
 " Your Committee, believing that, next to oneness in 
 ' the Faith once delivered to the saints,' communion in 
 worship is the link which most firmly binds together bodies 
 of Christian men, and remembering that the Book of Com- 
 mon Prayer, retained as it is, with some modifications, by 
 all our Churches, has been one principal bond of union 
 among them, desire to call attention to the fact that such 
 communion in worship may be endangered by excessive 
 diversities of ritual. They believe that the internal UDity 
 of the several Churches will help greatly to the union of 
 these one with another. And, while they consider that such 
 large elasticity in the forms of worship is desirable as will 
 give wide scope to all legitimate expressions of devotional 
 feeling, they would appeal, on the other hand, to the Apo- 
 stolic precept that 'all things be done unto edifying,' and 
 to the Catholic principle that order and obedience, even at 
 the sacrifice of personal preferences and tastes, lie at the 
 foundation of Christian unity, and are even essential to the 
 successful maintenance of the Faith." — (Pp. 17, 18.) 
 
 " They cannot leave this subject without expressing an 
 earnest hope that Churchmen of all views, however varying, 
 will recognise the duty of submitting themselves, for con- 
 science sake, in matters ritual and ceremonial, to the autho- 
 ritative judgments of that particular or national Church in 
 which, by God's Providence, they may be placed ; aud that 
 they will abstain from all that tends to estrangement or 
 irritation ; and will rather daily and fervently pray that the 
 Holy Spirit may guide every member of the Church to 
 ' think and do always such things as be rightful,' and that 
 He may unite us all in that brotherly charity which is ' the 
 very bond of peace and of all virtues.' " — (Pp. 18, 19.)
 
 10 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 " The principles on which the Church of England has 
 reformed itself are well known. We proclaim the suf- 
 ficiency and supremacy of the Holy Scriptures as the ulti- 
 mate rule of faith, and commend to our people the diligent 
 study of the same. We confess our faith in the words of 
 the ancient Catholic creeds. We retain the Apostolic order 
 of Bishops, Priests, and Deacons. We assert the just liber- 
 ties of particular or national Churches. We provide our 
 people, in their own tongue, with a Book of Common Prayer 
 and Offices for the administration of the Sacraments, in 
 accordance with the best and most ancient types of Christian 
 faith and worship. These documents are before the world, 
 and can be known and read of all men. We gladly wel- 
 come every effort for reform upon the model of the Primi- 
 tive Church. We do not demand a rigid uniformity ; we 
 deprecate needless divisions ; but to those who are drawn 
 to us in the endeavour to free themselves from the yoke 
 of error and superstition we are ready to offer all help, and 
 such privileges as may be acceptable to them and are con- 
 sistent with the maintenance of our own principles as enun- 
 ciated in our formularies." — (Pp. 35, 36.) 
 
 " Considering unhappy disputes on questions of ritual, 
 whereby divers congregations in the Church of England 
 and elsewhere have been seriously disquieted, your Com- 
 mittee desire to affirm the principle that no alteration from 
 long-accustomed ritual should be made contrary to the ad- 
 monition of the Bishop of the Diocese." — (P. 40.) 
 
 This last recommendation, as you will observe, is 
 in agreement with the rubric concerning the services 
 of the Church in the Book of Common Prayer : — 
 
 " And forasmuch as nothing can be so plainly set forth, 
 but doubts may arise in the use and practice of the same; 
 to appease all such diversity (if any arise) and for the 
 resolution of all doubts, concerning the manner how to 
 understand, do, and execute, the things contained in this 
 Book ; the parties that so doubt, or diversely take any
 
 A PASTORAL LETTEE. H 
 
 thing, shall alway "resort to the Bishop of the Diocese, 
 who by his discretion shall take order for the quieting and 
 appeasing of the same; so that the same order be not con- 
 trary to any thing contained in this Book. And if the 
 Bishop of the Diocese be in doubt, then he may send for 
 the resolution thereof to the Archbishop." 
 
 The recommendation is also in agreement with 
 Eesolutions passed by the Upper and the Lower Houses 
 of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury, 
 and by the Convocation of the Province of York, 
 1867. (Appendix, 2.) 
 
 There is another matter which has of late caused 
 much anxiety, and on which therefore it was deemed 
 expedient to speak a word of advice and caution. 
 On the subject of Confession the Address contains 
 this passage : — 
 
 "Further, having in view certain novel practices and 
 teachings on the subject of Confession, your Committee 
 desire to affirm, that in the matter of Confession the Churches 
 of the Anglican Communion hold fast those principles which 
 are set forth in the Holy Scriptures, which were professed 
 by the Primitive Church, and which were re-affirmed at the 
 English Reformation ; and it is their deliberate opinion that 
 no minister of the Church is authorized to require from 
 those who may resort to him to open their grief a particular 
 or detailed enumeration of all their sins, or to require pri- 
 vate confession, previous to receiving the Holy Communion, 
 or to enjoin or even encourage the practice of habitual con- 
 fession to a Priest, or to teach that such practice of habitual 
 confession, or the being subject to what has been termed 
 the direction of a Priest, is a condition of attaining to the 
 highest spiritual life. At the same time, your Committee 
 are not to be understood as desiring to limit in any way the 
 provision made in the Book of Common Prayer for the 
 relief of troubled consciences." — (P. 41.)
 
 12 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 You will notice that these words, while they dis- 
 tinctly condemn certain views and practices, evince 
 no desire to withhold or abridge any of those 
 spiritual consolations which the Word of God and 
 His Church allow, within prescribed limits, to dis- 
 tressed consciences. There is no interference with 
 the direction in the Prayer- Book, that, whenever 
 the Holy Communion is to be celebrated, proclam- 
 ation should be made that any one who cannot quiet 
 his own conscience by self-examination and prayer, 
 should resort to a clergyman for ghostly counsel and 
 advice, or with the direction in the Service for 
 the Visitation of the Sick, that "the sick person 
 should be moved to make a special confession of 
 his sins, if he feel his conscience troubled with any 
 weighty matter." With the provision made in our 
 Prayer -Book for persons who in these exceptional 
 cases voluntarily seek relief the Conference had no 
 wish, as it certainly had no authority, to interfere. 
 The liberties of such persons are respected. The 
 door of comfort remains open. 
 
 You will further observe that on this subject the 
 mind of the Conference was entirely at one with the 
 mind of the Bishops of the Province of Canterbury, 
 as expressed in their Eeport, presented July 23, 
 1873 ; with which Report the Lower House of the 
 Convocation of the Southern Province, and the Con- 
 vocation of the Northern Province have expressed 
 their general concurrence. (App. 3.) 
 
 Some of you, my reverend brethren, have from 
 time to time applied to me for advice upon this most 
 important subject. Persons who had been taught 
 elsewhere the practice of habitual Confession had
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 13 
 
 asked you to hear their Confession before they at- 
 tended the Holy Communion. Such persons should, 
 of course, be addressed kindly, tenderly, and affec- 
 tionately : they should be shewn what the teaching 
 of the Church of England really is in this matter. 
 But, while you give them that assistance or comfort 
 which they require, if they have any special and press- 
 ing burden on the conscience, you should endeavour 
 so to help them, that your help may be less and less 
 needed : you should teach them to lean blindly upon 
 no man, but to think, resolve, and act for themselves ; 
 to apply the principles of their religion according as 
 their own consciences, under the guidance of God's 
 Holy Spirit, may direct ; and gradually to acquire 
 that manly intelligence, courage, strength, and self- 
 reliance, which are characteristic of Englishmen, and 
 which our Church, when true to herself, has the 
 privilege of fostering. 
 
 At the Conference of Bishops holden at Lambeth 
 our attention was drawn more than once by the Ame- 
 rican and the Colonial Bishops to the importance of 
 giving commendatory letters to members of our con- 
 gregations who leave England to settle in other coun- 
 tries. We were told that many an Englishman, who 
 had been received into our Church at his baptism, and 
 had been trained at home as one of her members, on 
 landing at some port in America or in the Colonies, 
 would often fall into the hands of persons who would 
 persuade him to leave the Church of his early days, 
 and join some alien community. With the view of 
 keeping such persons true to the Church of their 
 childhood, the Committee made the following re- 
 commendation, to which I invite your attention, if
 
 14 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 at any time, as seems to me not unlikely to be the 
 case, members of your congregations should be leav- 
 ing you for distant lands, and you should think them 
 suitable persons to be furnished with such commen- 
 datory letters. The words of the Committee are : — 
 
 " They would urge yet more emphatically the importance 
 of letters commendatory being given by their own clergy- 
 men to members of their flocks going from one country to 
 another. And they consider it desirable that the clergy 
 should urge on such persons the duty of promptly pre- 
 senting these letters, and should carefully instruct them 
 as to the oneness of the Church in its Apostolical constitu- 
 tion under its varying organization and conditions. 
 
 " It may not, perhaps, be considered foreign to this subject, 
 to suggest here the importance of impressing upon our 
 people the extent and geographical distribution of our 
 Churches, and of reminding them, that there is now hardly 
 any part of the world where members of our Communion 
 may not find a Church one with our own in faith, order, 
 and worship." — (P. 15.) 
 
 In regard to a Day of Intercession for Missions 
 to the Heathen, the Conference adopted the follow- 
 ing recommendation of the Committee which dealt 
 with the subject : — 
 
 " Remembering the blessing promised to united interces- 
 sion, and believing that such intercession ever tends to 
 deepen and strengthen that unity of His Church for which 
 our Lord earnestly pleaded in His great intercessory prayer, 
 your Committee trust that this Conference will give the 
 weight of its recommendation to the observance, throughout 
 the Churches of this Communion, of a season of prayer for 
 the unity of Christendom. This recommendation has been, 
 to some extent, anticipated by the practice adopted of late 
 years of setting apart a Day of Intercession for Missions.
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 15 
 
 Your Committee would by no means wish to interfere with 
 an observance which appears to have been widely accepted, 
 and signally blessed of God. But, as our Divine Lord has 
 so closely connected the unity of His followers with the 
 world's belief in His own Mission from the Father, it seems 
 to us that intercessions for the enlargement of His Kingdom 
 may well be joined with earnest prayer that all who profess 
 faith in Him may be one flock under one Shepherd. With 
 respect to the day, your Committee have been informed that 
 the Festival of St. Andrew, hitherto observed as the Day of 
 Intercession for Missions, is found to be unsuitable to the 
 circumstances of the Church in many parts of the world. 
 They, therefore, venture to suggest that, after the present 
 year, the time selected should be the Tuesday before Ascen- 
 sion Day (being a Rogation Day), or any of the seven days 
 after that Tuesday ; and they hope that all the Bishops of 
 the several Churches will commend this observance to their 
 respective Dioceses." — (Pp. 16, 17.) 
 
 As the day here recommended by the Committee 
 is now past, I hope that for this year one of the days 
 recommended by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 
 the following letter, may be observed in the churches 
 under my superintendence : — 
 
 " It is generally known that the Bishops from all parts 
 assembled in Conference at Lambeth agreed to recommend 
 Tuesday before Ascension Day as on the whole the most 
 suitable to be observed by all the branches of our Church 
 as a Day of Intercession for Foreign Missions after the 
 present year. A desire has been expressed in England that 
 the present year should not be allowed to pass without a Day 
 of Intercession ; and I venture to suggest that, for this year 
 only, Saturday, 30th November, or any of the following 
 seven days, may be observed for that purpose. 
 
 " It will doubtless be remembered that the Church in 
 Tinnevelly has already made the unprecedented accession
 
 16 A PASTOEAL LETTER. 
 
 of 20,000 souls to the Church a subject of public thanks- 
 giving. Nor does this event stand alone as an indication 
 that the hearts of the people of India are turning to God. 
 We cannot but regard this as a special reason for our 
 thanksgivings and prayers this year. 
 
 " I have reason to hope that the day will be generally 
 observed in England ; and it will greatly add to the so- 
 lemnity of the occasion, as well as strengthen our unity in 
 Christ, if our brethren throughout the world will unite 
 in prayer with us." 
 
 Let me now turn to matters which more parti- 
 cularly concern yourselves, as Chaplains to congre- 
 gations of the Church of England in foreign coun- 
 tries, or as members of such congregations. The posi- 
 tion which our Chaplaincies occupy is full of anom- 
 alies. If all Christians belonged to the same com- 
 munion, all worshipped according to the same forms, 
 and all spake the same language, such Chaplaincies 
 would not be needed ; they are a necessary result of 
 our divisions in doctrine, in ritual, and in language. 
 You know their historical origin. The earliest were 
 established very shortly after the Eeformation in con- 
 nection with our embassies and factories. Our am- 
 bassadors and merchants living in Roman Catholic 
 countries found that, unless they renounced the Church 
 to which, they belonged, they were debarred from the 
 ordinances of religion. "With the view of securing 
 for these persons the free enjoyment of their religious 
 advantages, our Government demanded of foreign 
 Governments that British subjects abroad should be 
 allowed the privilege of worshipping according to 
 the forms of the Church of England in chapels at- 
 tached to our embassies and to certain factories, 
 such notably as those of the Levant Company. The
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 17 
 
 object which our Government had in view was two- 
 fold : first, it desired to affirm the general principle 
 that British subjects on the Continent should have 
 the free use of their religious rights and privileges ; 
 and secondly, it was anxious to prevent them from 
 falling away to Eomanism, or to any other foreign 
 communion ; for it wished that all British subjects, 
 both at home and abroad, should conform loyally 
 to the doctrines and discipline of the National Church 
 as they had lately been settled by the Canons and by 
 the rubrics of our Liturgy. These British congrega- 
 tions were placed under the Bishop of London as 
 their Diocesan, by order of the King in Council in 
 the reign of Charles I., during Laud's episcopate. 
 This system lasted till 1825, when, the Levant Com- 
 pany, which had liberally maintained some of these 
 Chaplaincies, such as that at Smyrna and Leghorn, 
 having been recently dissolved, an Act of Parlia- 
 ment was passed making provision for the support 
 of Chaplaincies in places where British Consuls 
 were established. This Act caused a considerable 
 increase in the number of our foreign Chaplaincies. 
 Though some of the provisions of the Act are 
 open to criticism, it has rendered good service to 
 our Church by maintaining Chaplaincies in places 
 where, but for the grant, Chaplaincies could not 
 have been maintained. The Act was partially re- 
 pealed four years ago. The Parliamentary Grant was 
 thus lost by most of the Consular Chaplaincies, by 
 five for example in this Diocese, namely, Oporto, 
 Lisbon, Madeira, Nice, and Genoa. Naples and the 
 Azores had forfeited the grant previously, in conse- 
 quence of disputes between the congregations and 
 
 B
 
 18 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 their Chaplains. The grant, though much diminished 
 in amount, was continued for the present in a few 
 places, such as Malaga, Marseilles, and Trieste, which 
 contain a considerable number of British sailors, who 
 are rightly regarded by Parliament as having ex- 
 ceptional claims for help ; Corfu, which has special 
 rights from the connection which it formerly en- 
 joyed with this country; and Leghorn and Smyrna, 
 which have also special rights bequeathed to them 
 by the Levant Company. When the Consular Act 
 was repealed, the vested interests of the Chaplains 
 to some extent were respected ; but in many places 
 the tie which had long connected the Church abroad 
 with our Government at home was abruptly broken, 
 and our congregations found themselves suddenly 
 left dependent upon their own resources. Various 
 circumstances during late years have increased the 
 number of British Chaplaincies abroad. The faci- 
 lities which steam and railways give to Englishmen 
 for gratifying the desire of travelling abroad, and 
 to invalids for escaping, during winter and spring, 
 from the fogs and cold winds of England to warmer 
 and sunnier lands, have given birth to many a new 
 Chaplaincy, and to many a pretty church, in which 
 English tourists and English invalids may worship 
 according to the forms of their Church at home. 
 Wherever Englishmen go, they like to take their 
 Church with them, as is known to every hotel- 
 keeper, who finds that if he would attract the Eng- 
 lish to his hotel, it is essential that he should pro- 
 vide them with a place of public worship. What- 
 ever may be the case with our countrymen at home, 
 there can be no doubt that abroad they are a church-
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 19 
 
 going people. The number of our Chaplaincies had 
 so largely multiplied, that in 1842 it was thought 
 desirable to withdraw a portion of them from the 
 charge of the Bishop of London, and to establish 
 a new Episcopal See. In that year, accordingly, the 
 Bishopric of Gibraltar was created through Letters 
 Patent. The spiritual superintendence originally as- 
 signed to the Bishop of Gibraltar was limited to 
 English Churches in the islands of the Mediter- 
 ranean and in the countries adjoining the Mediter- 
 ranean; but in 1869, at the request of the Bishop, 
 this superintendence was extended to the English 
 Churches throughout Spain and Portugal, on the 
 coast of Morocco, and in the Canary Islands, and 
 also to those on the shores of the Black Sea, and 
 on the Lower Danube. 
 
 If any of you are particularly interested in this 
 subject, you will find a more minute account in the 
 "Church Quarterly Review" of January last. The 
 short sketch which I have here given shews that, 
 if our presence in foreign Dioceses be an intrusion, 
 it is one which, the exigencies of the case fully justify. 
 The Church of England has established these Chap- 
 laincies, because without them our countrymen abroad 
 would be destitute of the Sacraments and other ordi- 
 nances of religion. They are established in an Epis- 
 copal form, because at home we are Episcopalians, 
 and not Congregationalists or Independents. It is 
 not the way of our Church to leave each congregation 
 free to do exactly what seems good in its own eyes. 
 Our congregations in England are subject to epis- 
 copal supervision ; and it has been deemed desirable 
 by the Church of England that the same system 
 
 b2
 
 20 A PASTORAL LETTEE. 
 
 should be extended to her congregations abroad. All 
 who are acquainted with the history of the Church 
 Catholic are aware that from early times it has been 
 a recognised principle, that a Church may provide for 
 its own members in foreign parts, by supplying them 
 with places in which they can worship according to 
 rites in use at home, and in a language which they un- 
 derstand ; and, moreover, may commission a bishop or 
 bishops to superintend such churches. The Eussian, 
 Greek, Armenian, and Eoman Churches, have long 
 acted upon this universally acknowledged principle. 
 Even if all Christian people were in communion with 
 one another, so long as we spake different languages, 
 and used different rites, we should form ourselves 
 into separate congregations, and should require sepa- 
 rate places of worship. The existence of such separate 
 congregations is no breach of ecclesiastical usage, 
 so long as they are under duly-constituted authority. 
 The only change in this matter which the union of 
 Christendom would produce, would be that, before 
 establishing any such congregation in a foreign coun- 
 try, we should put ourselves in communication with 
 the ecclesiastical authorities of that country, in place 
 of following the independent course which our un- 
 happy divisions at present necessitate. It should be 
 remembered that the Chaplaincies which the Church 
 of England maintains abroad are not for the pur- 
 pose of making converts among the members of 
 other Christian communities. Our work is strictly 
 confined to our own people. It involves no inter- 
 ference with other national Churches, whether Greek, 
 or Eoman, or Protestant. If British Chaplains under- 
 take any duties among members of other Christian
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 21 
 
 Societies, they undertake such work as individuals, 
 on their own personal responsibility, and not in their 
 capacity as Chaplains, holding an episcopal licence. 
 
 In saying this, I am passing no judgment upon 
 the lawfulness or the duty of maintaining missions of 
 this nature. The usurpations and corruptions of the 
 Church of Eome, and the novel doctrines promul- 
 gated by its authority, may make such missions not 
 only lawful, but obligatory. They certainly, as it 
 seems to me, would justify us in giving sympathy, 
 counsel, and help, to such persons as are forced by 
 them to forsake the Church of their childhood for a 
 Communion possessing a purer, and more reasonable 
 faith and worship. All that I mean by the foregoing 
 observation is this, that such duties form no part 
 of that particular work for which Chaplaincies have 
 been established by the Church of England in fo- 
 reign lands. 
 
 One of the subjects referred to a Committee by the 
 Conference held at Lambeth, was " the position of 
 Anglican Chaplains and Chaplaincies on the Con- 
 tinent of Europe and elsewhere." The Committee 
 carefully considered the matter, and agreed to certain 
 recommendations, which were unanimously adopted 
 by the Conference. The first of these is on the sub- 
 ject of episcopal licences. It runs thus : — 
 
 " It is highly desirable that Anglican congregations, on 
 the Continent of Europe and elsewhere, should be distinctly- 
 urged not to admit the stated ministrations of any clergj^- 
 man without the written licence or permission of the Bi- 
 shop of the Anglican Communion who is duly authorized to 
 grant it ; and that the occasional assistance of strangers 
 should not be invited or permitted without some satisfactory
 
 22 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 evidence of their ordination and character as clergymen." — 
 (P. 31.) 
 
 During the Episcopate of my predecessors there 
 occurred cases which shewed the necessity of this, 
 or some such regulation. Clergymen who from loss 
 of character were unable to obtain ministerial duty 
 at home were found to be in the habit of establish- 
 ing Chaplaincies abroad. To prevent this scandal, 
 a circular was issued from the Foreign Office, at 
 the instance of the authorities of our Church, in 
 1866, to Her Majesty's Diplomatic Eepresentatives, 
 authorizing them to request the Governments of those 
 countries to which they were accredited, not to allow 
 any person to officiate as a Chaplain of the Church 
 of England unless he could produce the licence of 
 the Bishop of London, or of the Bishop of Gibraltar. 
 The vast improvement which has taken place of late 
 years in our Chaplaincies abroad is due, in some 
 measure, to the observance of this regulation respect- 
 ing licences. It has raised the character of these 
 Chaplaincies from that state of inefficiency and dead- 
 ness into which many had fallen during the wars 
 which afflicted Europe in the last and at the begin- 
 ning of the present century. 
 
 But this regulation serves other purposes besides 
 that of protecting congregations from the intrusion 
 of Chaplains whose characters are doubtful, or are 
 beyond the reach of congregations to test. It is 
 a principle of every Episcopal Church, that whenever 
 one of its Ministers is appointed to a cure of souls, 
 before he enters upon the duties of his office, he 
 should obtain Episcopal sanction. A clergyman is 
 not authorised by the general Commission given to
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 23 
 
 him at his Ordination to form a congregation, and to 
 perform the public duties of his office wherever he 
 pleases. For every separate charge which he under- 
 takes, he requires a special licence from that Bishop 
 who is duly authorised to superintend the congre- 
 gation to which he seeks to be accredited. As 
 I have already stated, one of the reasons why 
 these Chaplaincies were originally established and 
 placed under Episcopal supervision, was to keep 
 English congregations abroad in conformity with the 
 doctrine and ceremonial of our Church at home. 
 Now, the only way in which a Bishop of our Church 
 in a foreign country can maintain such conformity, 
 if it be neglected in any congregation under his su- 
 pervision, is through the licence which he grants 
 to Chaplains on their appointment, and through the 
 promise of Canonical obedience which that licence 
 involves. Anglican Bishops on the Continent have no 
 coercive jurisdiction. My predecessors, indeed, had 
 such jurisdiction over the clergy of the Church of 
 England in the colonies of Gibraltar and Malta con- 
 ferred on them through their letters patent. But these 
 letters patent have been revoked. The authority 
 which the Bishop of this See now possesses is purely of 
 a moral, voluntary, or consensual character. It cannot 
 be enforced by law. But you must not suppose that, 
 if I regret for any reason the revocation of these 
 letters patent, I desire a change in the character of 
 the authority possessed by Anglican Bishops abroad. 
 No loyal Churchman will pay less regard to the au- 
 thority which the Church of England has given to 
 her Bishops on the Continent, because such authority 
 cannot be enforced in a court of law. It should be
 
 24 A PASTORAL LETTER, 
 
 remembered, also, that the licence entails responsibili- 
 ties on the Bishop who grants it, no less than on the 
 Chaplain who receives it at his hands. When a 
 Bishop gives his licence to a clergyman, he becomes 
 in a manner responsible for the character of the 
 Services which the clergyman holds. It is an im- 
 portant function of a Bishop's office to secure that the 
 laws and discipline of the Church be observed in the 
 congregations under his supervision. While he should 
 in no way curtail the liberty which our Church so 
 wisely allows to her Clergy and people, it is his duty 
 to see that this liberty be restricted within the bounds 
 of such principles and rules as the Church has pre- 
 scribed. Even if he had the desire, he certainly has 
 not the power, to sanction usages abroad which are 
 not sanctioned at home. 
 
 But the licence serves one further purpose. Not 
 only is it a protection to the congregations, it is also 
 a protection to the Chaplains. It lessens that de- 
 pendence which makes the position of a Chaplain in 
 foreign parts contrast so unfavourably with the per- 
 manent and independent position of an Incumbent 
 in England. It is a guarantee to the Chaplain who 
 has received it, that the Chaplaincy which he holds 
 is secure so long as he retains his licence. It is also 
 a pledge to him, that while the temporal affairs of 
 the Chaplaincy which he serves may be conducted by 
 a Committee of the congregation, or of some Society 
 in England, all spiritual matters are his province; 
 and that, though he would be wise never to make 
 changes in the mode of conducting public worship 
 without the approval of his congregation, his Dio- 
 cesan is the person to whom, in all such matters, he
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 25 
 
 is responsible; and that, in case of any improper 
 interference with him in this part of his duty, he 
 may look to the Bishop, from whom he received 
 his licence, as the upholder of his rights. 
 
 The other two recommendations made by this 
 Committee in regard to Anglican Chaplaincies abroad 
 concern our relation to American Episcopalians. The 
 recommendations are, — 
 
 " That it is desirable, as a general rule, that two chapels 
 should not be established where one is sufficient for the mem- 
 bers of both Churches, American and English ; also that 
 where there is only one church or chapel the members of 
 both Churches should be represented on the Committee, 
 if any. 
 
 "That it be suggested to the Societies which partly sup- 
 port Continental Chaplaincies, that, in places where English 
 and American Churchmen reside or visit, and especially 
 where Americans outnumber the English, it may be de- 
 sirable to appoint a properly accredited clergyman of the 
 American Church." — (Pp. 31, 32.) 
 
 You will remember, perhaps, that on two previous 
 occasions I have addressed you on this subject. The 
 American Episcopal Church has six chapels on the Con- 
 tinent of Europe at the present moment, namely, in 
 Paris, Eome, Florence, Geneva, Dresden, and Nice. In 
 these places separate Churches are probably required ; 
 but the erection of separate churches by Englishmen 
 and Americans where they are not really needed is 
 to be deprecated ; they involve an unnecessary ex- 
 penditure; they lessen the funds available for the 
 support of Chaplaincies, and for the maintenance 
 of suitable services and comely places of worship ; 
 and, as you arc all aware, the funds which we have
 
 26 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 at command cannot bear to be lessened. If, "as I 
 am afraid sometimes has been the case, English 
 churches on the Continent have not been always 
 as freely opened to Americans as to ourselves; if 
 Americans have not always enjoyed the same pri- 
 vileges, or met with the same courtesy and atten- 
 tion as have been accorded to Englishmen; I hope 
 that, for the future, the members of the two coun- 
 tries will be treated alike, and that we shall all, 
 both Clergy and laity, endeavour to make Americans 
 feel that when they worship in our English churches, 
 they enjoy this advantage, not as a favour or in- 
 dulgence, but as a matter of right. The Confer- 
 ence just closed at Lambeth has elicited many signs 
 of the deep love and veneration which American 
 Episcopalians entertain for their mother country and 
 their mother Church. All who attended the Con- 
 ference must feel that, irrespective of any practical 
 and useful counsels which it may have issued, it 
 has done good service to the cause of religion and 
 of our common brotherhood, by knitting the two 
 Churches more closely together in one holy bond of 
 truth and peace, of faith and charity. The American 
 Bishops assure us that they carry back with them 
 to their own country many a treasured memory of 
 kindness received, new friendships formed, lessons 
 of wisdom and zeal taught them by their English 
 brethren. We of the old country can assure them 
 in return, that whatever boons they may have re- 
 ceived at our hands, they have amply repaid us by 
 what we have gained from them. They have thrilled 
 us by their eloquence, quickened us by their activity, 
 emboldened us by their courage, widened our sym-
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 27 
 
 pathies by their large and tolerant charity. Now if 
 it be our desire that these feelings of mutual affec- 
 tion and respect at present animating the hearts of 
 the two sister countries should last, we have special 
 opportunities of promoting this end through those 
 Services of public and united worship at which Eng- 
 lishmen and Americans are accustomed to meet to- 
 gether in our churches abroad; and I hope that 
 these opportunities may not be neglected. 
 
 The last subject with which this Committee dealt 
 is of an entirely different nature from the preceding, 
 and has no real connection with the work of Anglican 
 Chaplains on the Continent. As those of you who 
 have charge of British congregations in Spain and 
 Portugal are aware, a considerable number of Priests 
 and laymen in these countries, having been awakened 
 to the corruptions of the Eoman Catholic Church, and 
 being convinced that an internal reformation of that 
 Church in the Peninsula is impossible, have formed 
 themselves into an independent Society, to which 
 they have given the name of the " Spanish and 
 Portuguese Eeformed Episcopal Church." Though 
 they call themselves Episcopal, they are such, as yet, 
 only in name, principle, and desire. They have seen 
 the evils of Congregationalism, and are anxious for 
 reform on a primitive and Episcopal model. This 
 movement has been in existence for ten years, and 
 is conducted under the direction of a Society in Eng- 
 land, called the " Spanish and Portuguese Church 
 Missions." There exist in the Peninsula at present 
 nine congregations, with four ordained, and five lay 
 Ministers. The ordained Ministers were formerly 
 Priests of the Roman Catholic Church. All the con-
 
 28 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 gregations have schools in connection with them ; 
 they have adopted our parochial system of church- 
 wardens and vestries ; and they use the Prayer-Book 
 of the Church of England in their Services of Public 
 Worship. In the Declaration which they have issued 
 of their principles they express their belief that 
 a Church framed, as regards both doctrine and dis- 
 cipline, upon the model of the Church of England 
 is the best fitted for them, and the most likely to 
 meet with wide and permanent success. They state, 
 also, that the possession of the Episcopate would give 
 them a far better position in relation to the Eoman 
 Catholic Church, and would draw into their ranks 
 many who would, while alive to the corruptions of 
 Eome, feel a strong objection to union with a Church 
 which is not Episcopal. As is known to many of 
 you, these Priests and congregations have more than 
 once desired me to take them under my charge. 
 Deeply as I sympathise with them in their work, and 
 anxious as I am that the work may prosper, I have 
 felt that I have neither that acquaintance with the 
 Spanish and Portuguese character and language, nor 
 that amount of time at my disposal, for making 
 myself conversant with the circumstances of such 
 Priests as have applied to me, or as may here- 
 after apply, which would justify me in taking upon 
 myself so heavy a responsibility. But above all, 
 in accepting this new charge I should be trespass- 
 ing upon ground beyond my province, and entering 
 upon work which might involve me in difficulties not 
 unlikely to hamper me in the discharge of my own 
 proper duties. My commission is very clearly and 
 strictly defined, being limited to " British Churches,
 
 A PASTOEAL LETTER. 29 
 
 Congregations, and Clergy of the Church of Eng- 
 land." In the spring of this year these Spanish 
 and Portuguese congregations addressed a memorial 
 to the Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of 
 England, praying them to consecrate a Bishop to 
 preside over this reformed community, and express- 
 ing a desire that the person whom they might select 
 should, if possible, be a clergyman of the Church of 
 England, acquainted with the character of the people 
 of the Peninsula, and able to speak both Spanish and 
 Portuguese. The English Bishops, feeling the sub- 
 ject to be one of serious gravity, submitted it to the 
 Conference of Anglican Bishops sitting at Lambeth, 
 by whom it was referred to a Committee, which made 
 the following recommendation : — 
 
 " Your Committee, having carefully considered a Me- 
 morial addressed to the Archbishops and Bishops of the 
 Church of England by four Priests and certain other mem- 
 bers of ' the Spanish and Portuguese Reformed Episcopal 
 Church/ praying for the consecration of a Bishop, cannot 
 but express their hearty sympathy with the Memorialists 
 in the difficulties of their position; and, having heard a 
 statement on the subject of the proposed extension of the 
 Episcopate to Mexico by the American Church, they ven- 
 ture to suggest that, when a Bishop shall have been con- 
 secrated by the American Church for Mexico, he might 
 be induced to visit Spain and Portugal, and render such 
 assistance, at this stage of the movement, as may seem to 
 him practicable and advisable." — (P. 32.) v 
 
 Two years ago, I issued a Circular Letter to you, 
 my brethren of the Clergy, in which I asked for 
 information' respecting various matters affecting the 
 Chaplaincies which you serve. Most of you have
 
 30 A PASTOEAL LETTER. 
 
 supplied me with] the information which I sought, 
 and for your answers I return you my sincere thanks. 
 As a reminder to the few members of your body who 
 have not as yet replied, a copy of the questions is ap- 
 pended to this Letter. (App. 4.) It is gratifying to 
 find from the answers which I have received from you 
 that our Chaplaincies abroad share that revival of 
 spiritual life which has marked our Church at home 
 during late years. Scandals have been removed ; 
 defects remedied ; new Chaplaincies established ; new 
 and better churches built. If in some of the great 
 cities on the Continent the edifices in which English- 
 men meet for Public Worship are still very unsightly, 
 and deficient in all the external features of a church, 
 it should be remembered that only during late years 
 have Englishmen been allowed to erect in Eoman 
 Catholic countries places of worship having an eccle- 
 siastical character. But I hope that before long the 
 structures which at present provoke the unfriendly 
 comments of travellers may give place to more suitable 
 and more dignified edifices, such as those which I have 
 lately had the privilege of consecrating in France, 
 Greece, and Italy. In all the permanent Chaplain- 
 cies of the Diocese, I find, the Holy Communion is 
 celebrated at least once a month and on the great 
 Festivals ; in most of them it is celebrated on every 
 Sunday ; and in a few there is on every Sunday an 
 early celebration, besides the mid-day celebration, a 
 celebration on other Holy Days, and a celebration, 
 mainly for invalids, on some week-day, either every 
 week, or every alternate week ; in many of the win- 
 ter Chaplaincies there is also daily Public Prayer. It 
 is a rule in all the Chaplaincies connected with the
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 31 
 
 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Fo- 
 reign Parts that " the Holy Communion be celebrated 
 every Sunday, either early in the morning or after 
 the Morning Service, as may be found most conveni- 
 ent to the majority of persons desirous of commu- 
 nicating." Chaplains appointed by the Committee of 
 the Colonial and Continental Society are informed 
 that it is the desire of that Society, " that the Lord's 
 Supper should be administered at least twice a month, 
 on the first and third Sundays, and in the larger 
 and more important stations weekly." Both these 
 Societies are rendering important service in multi- 
 plying Chaplaincies, in maintaining order and dis- 
 cipline, in promoting decorum and reverence in 
 the mode of conducting Public Worship, and in 
 raising the general tone and character of ministerial 
 work on the Continent. If in some of our churches 
 the music or any other accessory of Public Worship 
 falls short of the standard reached in our churches 
 at home, we must remember that many of our Chap- 
 laincies abroad are without the funds requisite for 
 providing these accessories. English travellers are 
 hardly aware of the serious difficulties and discourage- 
 ments under which the ministrations of our Church are 
 conducted in many foreign Chaplaincies ; nor are they 
 always alive to the obligations which they owe to the 
 English residents, on whom principally devolves the 
 expense of maintaining the services. If blemishes 
 and defects are here and there observable, it is pro- 
 bably not zeal on the part of the Chaplains, nor 
 zeal on the part of the English residents, that are 
 at fault. If travellers really desire improvement, 
 the remedy lies in their hands. They have only
 
 32 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 to contribute more liberally to the offertory, and then 
 their desire will be fulfilled. But though the dif- 
 ficulties which many of you have to meet in pro- 
 viding a decorous service are very great, I hope 
 that none of you will allow these difficulties to damp 
 your zeal, or prevent you from effecting improve- 
 ments where such are wanted and are practicable. 
 
 It has been suggested to me that an attempt should 
 be made to raise the position of the permanent Chap- 
 laincies, and to render them more attractive. The 
 withdrawal of the pecuniary help, until lately given 
 by Parliament to the Consular Chaplaincies, makes 
 this a suitable time for considering such a plan. 
 The voluntary system, which now prevails, is felt to 
 be by itself unsatisfactory. It renders the position 
 of a Chaplain very dependent. The incomes which it 
 provides are at once scanty and precarious. The plan 
 suggested is to create a sustentation fund by means 
 of subscriptions from persons interested in the work 
 of the Church of England on the Continent, for the 
 purpose of endowing such Chaplaincies as formerly 
 enjoyed an income from the Foreign Office, together 
 with others of a similar character. Such a fund 
 would not be intended to relieve English residents 
 abroad, or English travellers, from the duty of con- 
 tributing to the support of the Chaplaincies in the 
 places which they visit or in which they reside, but 
 to supplement their contributions. The income which 
 at present is at the disposal of the Societies is not 
 sufficient to meet the outlay which this plan would 
 involve. Whether the plan is feasible I leave it to 
 you, my brethren of the laity, to consider. Anxious 
 we must all be to render the position of Chaplains
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 33 
 
 more independent and more secure, and to relieve 
 them from temporal anxieties which, in many cases, 
 must severely try their spirits and deaden their en- 
 thusiasm ; but I am afraid that in the circumstances 
 they must unavoidably in a large measure depend 
 on the voluntary system. 
 
 It appears from the returns which you have made 
 to the Circular Letter that, owing to the peculiar 
 conditions required by the law of some countries in 
 regard to Trusts, the site, building, and other pro- 
 perty of a considerable number of our churches 
 abroad, are not as yet legally secured ; and that 
 in the case of those churches which have been 
 legally conveyed, the trusts are of a very vari- 
 ous and not always very satisfactory nature. To 
 my question, " What is the legal tenure of the 
 Church ? " I have received the following answers, 
 declaring the nature of the property, or the indi- 
 viduals or bodies in whom it is vested : " private 
 property ; " " freehold property registered at the 
 British Consulate;" "a Corporation of British Mer- 
 chants;" "the British Consul ; " "the Consul and 
 Church - Committee for the time being ; " " the 
 English Government;" "the Church of England, 
 Chaplain, and Church-Committee ; " " the Church- 
 Committee for the time being ; " " the Community 
 of the Anglican Culte ; " " the British Public who 
 are members of the Church of England;" "Two 
 Trustees ;" " Eive Trustees succeeding by election ;" 
 " One Trustee, with power to appoint his successor ;" 
 " the Colonial and Continental Society ; " " the So- 
 ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
 Parts;" "the Lord Bishop of London." It is pos- 
 
 c
 
 34 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 sible that in all these cases the property, for practical 
 purposes, may be secure ; but in some, I believe 
 that it is secure only so far as it is no person's in- 
 terest to interfere. 
 
 The greatest difficulties in the way of legally se- 
 curing the property of our English churches abroad 
 are encountered in France, where the law forbids 
 Societies which have no trading qualification to hold 
 property in trust. Trusts such as exist in England 
 are not recognised by French law. Now it happens 
 that the National Society fulfils the necessary con- 
 dition, as being by its Charter of Incorporation a 
 trading body. The question of its competence to 
 undertake these trusts has been carefully considered 
 by eminent lawyers, who have reported that there 
 is no bar of any kind. But the terms of the So- 
 ciety's Charter, and the intentions of the subscribers, 
 who have given their money solely to promote edu- 
 cation in England, preclude the Society from in- 
 curring any pecuniary risk in accepting such a trust. 
 The Society, therefore, requires that it should be re- 
 lieved from all legal or other expenses connected with 
 the conveyance ; it requires, also, that it should be 
 freed from all future liabilities in regard to repairs 
 and taxes. It may not be probable, but it is not in- 
 conceivable, that a place in which a church had been 
 erected might cease to be frequented by Englishmen, 
 and so the church might be disused, and fall into dis- 
 repair. In such a case, the Society might be com- 
 pelled to make good any defects in the edifice, or to 
 pay certain local taxes. With the view of meeting 
 this difficulty, a repair-fund might be set apart, and 
 a clause inserted in the deed of conveyance, giving
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 35 
 
 the Society a right of sale in certain contingencies ; 
 or a body of trustees might be formed in England, 
 which would enter into a contract with the Society, 
 binding in English law, to defray the charges of re- 
 pair and other necessary expenses. The property 
 would be vested in a Society which fulfils the re- 
 quirements of the French law, while this body of 
 trustees would be formed in conformity with the re- 
 quirements of English law; they would be persons 
 interested in the particular church, and might have 
 the disposal of the patronage, or at any rate a voice 
 in its disposal. (App. 5.) 
 
 There are other Societies which hold in trust 
 the property of English churches in France at the 
 present moment; and these Societies are assured 
 by their legal advisers that the property is safe in 
 their hands. But as, in return for the trouble and 
 liabilities which the management of trusts involves, 
 these Societies claim the patronage, which, in some 
 cases, it may be thought undesirable to place at their 
 disposal, you may find it convenient to know that 
 the National Society, whose legal competency to hold 
 these trusts is indisputable, is willing to receive 
 them ; and, moreover, that it makes no claim in re- 
 gard to patronage. The persons who built the church 
 conveyed to the Society, would be left free to make 
 any disposal of the patronage which they might think 
 good. 
 
 The difficulties of finding legal and secure means 
 of vesting in public hands the site and other property 
 of English churches are fewer in Italy than in France. 
 All that the Italian law requires is that the trust 
 should be held by a corporation legally constituted 
 
 c2
 
 36 A PASTORAL LETTEE. 
 
 according either to Italian or to English law. The 
 National Society, and the Society for the Propagation 
 of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, having each a Charter, 
 fulfil all the conditions required. And such formerly 
 was the case with the occupants of my see, who, 
 until the letters patent by which the see was created 
 were revoked, constituted a Corporation Sole, or, in 
 Italian phraseology, an Ente Morale, — a Corporation 
 for religious or moral purposes. 
 
 It was the wish of the British congregations at 
 Genoa and Palermo that their churches should be 
 conveyed to the Bishop of Gibraltar, who, as being 
 their Diocesan, seemed to be a suitable person to 
 hold such property in trust; but owing to the re- 
 vocation of the letters patent, I had no legal au- 
 thority to undertake such a trust. The Bishop of 
 London has kindly consented to hold in trust the 
 English church at Genoa, after proper legal security 
 had been given to save him and his successors from 
 pecuniary liabilities. The patronage was left with 
 the Bishop of Gibraltar. The conveyance has been 
 recognised by Italian royal decree. The question 
 as to the trust in the case of the English church at 
 Palermo is not yet settled. 
 
 When the property of a church is vested in 
 private trustees, as is the case with some of our 
 churches in Italy, though the tenure may be prac- 
 tically secure, there is this inconvenience, that it 
 becomes necessary to appoint a fresh trustee, and to 
 pay a considerable fee, whenever a vacancy occurs. 
 
 From the returns which you have made to my 
 enquiry respecting the registration of baptisms, mar- 
 riages, and burials, I find that some of you have
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 37 
 
 not kept any register, and that in one or two cases 
 baptisms solemnised abroad have been entered in 
 some parish register in England. This course I 
 believe to be illegal. It is of very grave moment 
 that all English churches abroad should have proper 
 registers ; *and that these registers should be carefully 
 kept in an iron safe, either in the church, or in 
 the Chaplain's house, if those places be secure, or, 
 if the Consul will receive them, at the British Con- 
 sulate. When a baptism is performed in any remote 
 place, it is desirable that, besides making an entry 
 of it in the baptismal register, you should give a cer- 
 tified copy of the entry to the parents or other rela- 
 tives of the child baptised, immediately after the 
 Service. Neglect in keeping a proper register of 
 baptisms may lead to serious embarrassment and 
 loss. A certificate of Christian baptism, for ex- 
 ample, is necessary to Ordination. No one can be 
 admitted to Holy Orders in our Church, unless he 
 produce such a certificate. And so, too, relatives 
 might desire a certificate of a marriage having been 
 ecclesiastically, as well as legally, solemnised. The 
 certificate of the legal or civil ceremony would be 
 obtained at the British Consulate, or at the General 
 Eegistry at Somerset House. Eelatives, again, might 
 wish to have a certificate of Christian burial, as well 
 as of decease. Every Minister performing the Burial 
 Service ought to demand, just as in England, a certi- 
 ficate that the death has been registered, before he 
 reads the Service. If in France a Minister performs 
 the Service without such certificate, he is liable to 
 a fine, Her Majesty's Consuls send registers of 
 births, marriages, and deaths, to the General Ecgistrar
 
 38 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 at Somerset House. The Foreign Office sends to the 
 London Eegistry at Doctors' Commons records of 
 marriages solemnised at British Embassies. The 
 registers kept at these places can be inspected, and 
 certified copies of entries obtained. Many of the 
 Chaplains under the superintendence of the Bishop 
 of London are accustomed to send registers of bap- 
 tisms, marriages, and burials to the London Registry 
 at Doctors' Commons, where also, of course, they can 
 be examined, and official copies or extracts procured. 
 We ought to have some uniform system in this Dio- 
 cese ; and to this end I would ask such of you as 
 have not a register in your churches to procure one 
 without delay from Messrs. Day and Hassard, the 
 Registrars of the Diocese, who kindly offer to supply 
 registers and forms at cost price : and all of you 
 I would ask to send copies of your registers year 
 by year to the same quarter, 28, Great George-street, 
 Westminster, whence they will be transmitted to the 
 London Registry at Doctors' Commons. Most of you, 
 on reading these suggestions, may consider them to 
 be superfluous, as you already do all that can be re- 
 quired. You will pardon me for having made them, 
 when you find that they are not superfluous in all 
 cases. 
 
 In two Pastoral Letters which I have addressed 
 to you I have dealt at considerable length with the 
 work of the Church of England among sailors in 
 the mercantile service. Since I drew your atten- 
 tion to this important subject, the Committee ap- 
 pointed by the Lower House of the Convocation of 
 Canterbury to report upon the spiritual provision 
 made for English seamen at home and in foreign
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 39 
 
 ports, has issued a very valuable Eeport, which I 
 commend to your careful attention; this Eeport 
 treats mainly of the work which is being done, or 
 which ought to be done, at home. The Committee 
 is now preparing a further Eeport on the subject 
 of " our seamen in foreign ports, with a view of pro- 
 viding them with adequate spiritual ministrations 
 when abroad." The Bishop Suffragan of Nottingham, 
 who is Chairman of this Committee, has asked me 
 to supply him with any such information on the 
 subject as I may think likely to be of service to the 
 Committee in preparing their further Eeport. Would 
 those of you who have work among British sailors 
 in foreign ports kindly enable me to comply with 
 the request of the Bishop of Nottingham ? He asks 
 for information on the following points : — 
 
 "1. As to the spiritual needs of English Seamen fre- 
 quenting any ports abroad with which you are acquainted. 
 
 "2. As to any efforts that are being made to promote 
 spiritual life among our Seamen on ship-board, when in 
 foreign ports. 
 
 " 3. As to any work tending to encourage them to attend 
 Divine Service when on shore. 
 
 " 4. As to any other means adopted, or requiring adop- 
 tion, to help our English Seamen in things spiritual, when 
 on duty abroad." 
 
 If, as soon as you have time at your disposal, 
 you will give me information on these or any other 
 cognate matters, I shall be greatly obliged ; and I will 
 at once forward your communications to the Bishop 
 of Nottingham, to be laid by him before this Com- 
 mittee of Convocation. 
 
 The improvement of the moral and religious con- 
 dition of British sailors is one of the most urgent
 
 40 A PASTOKAL LETTER. 
 
 that could enlist our sympathies, and employ our 
 energies at the present time. Hitherto our sailors, 
 who have made England the greatest naval power 
 in the world, have hardly received the thought and 
 interest due to them from the National Church of 
 this country. Whatever work has been taken in 
 hand to further their welfare, has been done by in- 
 dividuals or by Societies such as the Society for 
 Missions to Seamen, the St. Andrew's Waterside Mis- 
 sion, and the Naval Church Society. But now 
 that the cause of British seamen is being fully and 
 carefully considered by Convocation, we may hope 
 that attention will be generally awakened to the 
 special and pressing claims which they have upon 
 the Church of England, and that active steps will 
 be soon taken to recover the influence which she may 
 have lost among her sailor sons. (App. 6.) 
 
 The English community at Cannes, which shews 
 a hearty and active interest in this as in all other 
 good works, has been in the habit of subscribing very 
 liberally for some years towards the maintenance of 
 a Sailors' Club at Marseilles. Some months ago, 
 I suggested that in a similar manner the English 
 church at San Eemo should contribute towards the 
 work that is being done among British sailors at 
 Genoa, and that the English churches at Rome and 
 Florence should aid like work at Naples and Leghorn. 
 The suggestions were adopted, and I hope that the 
 system may be continued ; and moreover, that if there 
 be other English communities living near a sea-port 
 where help is needed towards the support of Sailors' 
 Homes, they too may aid such institutions by their 
 interest, sympathy, and bounty. 
 
 The contributions which you have kindly made
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 41 
 
 to the Gibraltar Diocesan Spiritual Aid Fund, and 
 the liberal help which has been given by the St. An- 
 drew's Waterside Church Mission, have enabled me 
 to establish Chaplaincies at Kadikeui, the ancient 
 Chalcedon, and at Barcelona. The Chaplains at these 
 places, besides performing the duties of their office 
 on behalf of the British residents, minister to British 
 seamen : the Chaplain at Kadikeui has under his 
 charge the numerous sailors who visit the port of 
 Constantinople. Two years ago I expressed the hope 
 that a Chaplain might be appointed to our church 
 at Sulina, with a commission to provide for the spiri- 
 tual wants of the British sailors who enter the Danube, 
 and from time to time to visit the small British com- 
 munities at Galatz, Rustchuck, Kustendji, and other 
 places on the Lower Danube. The immediate fulfil- 
 ment of this hope was hindered by the war. You 
 will be glad to learn that the pretty little English 
 Church at Sulina suffered in no way during the late 
 troubles and perils, but was fostered with most lov- 
 ing care by the few Englishmen there, and that por- 
 tions of our Liturgy were read in the church every 
 Sunday morning by the good Christian layman whom 
 I had appointed to the office of Lay-reader. The 
 English colony is very anxious to receive the regular 
 ministrations of a clergyman ; and I trust that you 
 will help me to comply with this application, and 
 also to promote work which elsewhere is needed 
 among British sailors, through offertories given to 
 the Diocesan Fund, and to the two excellent Socie- 
 ties, the St. Andrew's "Waterside Church Mission, and 
 the Society for Missions to Seamen. The St. An- 
 drew's "Waterside Mission is providing all the Levant
 
 42 A PASTORAL LETTEE. 
 
 ports with books before the winter season begins. In 
 addition to assistance liberally given in many other 
 parts of the Diocese, it promises help at Malta and 
 Cyprus; the Editor of " Church Bells" offers to sup- 
 port, through contributions from its readers, a Medi- 
 terranean Station of this Society. For this help I 
 return my grateful acknowledgments. 
 
 Let me ask such of you as have charge of congre- 
 gations in the large cities or towns on the Continent 
 of Europe, to give your support to an Association 
 called the Girls' Friendly Society. This Associa- 
 tion has been formed for the benefit of girls of "the 
 working - classes." It consists of ladies as asso- 
 ciates, and girls as members. The endeavour of the 
 Association is to help young women when they 
 leave home, by commending them to the notice of 
 an associate in the place to which they are going, 
 who would bring them into relation with the Clergy- 
 man, visit them when they are in sickness or in any 
 special need, provide them with suitable books, hold 
 classes for them where this is possible, watch over 
 them, and befriend them in other ways as oppor- 
 tunity offered ; taking care, in all cases, " not to in- 
 terfere with the duty and privilege of their mistress 
 to be their best friend, but, on the contrary, endea- 
 vouring to promote a feeling of unity between em- 
 ployers and employed." The Society, which has the 
 sanction of the Archbishops and Bishops at home, 
 aims at forming branch Associations in every Eural 
 Deanery and in every large town in England. It 
 appears to me that the work which the Society has 
 in hand is especially wanted in the towns and cities 
 of the Continent, where is to be found many a lonely
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 43 
 
 English girl who sorely needs that sisterly help and 
 sympathy, which the Society seeks to provide. At 
 Rome, Cannes, Nice, Genoa, and Marseilles, branch 
 Associations have already been formed, nnder the 
 direction of the English Chaplains in these places; 
 and I hope that the work may spread. (App. 7.) 
 
 By the addition of Cyprus to the dependencies of 
 the British Crown a new field has been opened to 
 the enterprise, civilizing institutions, and beneficent 
 influence of Englishmen. And I trust that in the 
 work of improving the condition of the inhabitants 
 the Church of England may take an early and active 
 part. With great pleasure I find that the Church 
 of England Temperance Society is addressing the 
 Governor of Cyprus, on the introduction of intoxi- 
 cating drinks into the island. In the Memorial which 
 has been sent to me, the Society very rightly calls 
 the attention of his Excellency to " the reproach which 
 has been too often, and too justly, cast against Eng- 
 land; that while with one hand she has carried to 
 her new dependencies the blessings of Christianity and 
 civilization, and of just and equal government, with 
 the other she has introduced among the native popu- 
 lations her own prominent vices, and chiefly, and 
 at the root of all, her intemperance." The Society 
 expresses the hope that steps of precaution may be 
 taken to discourage the traffic in strong drink; and 
 that among the earliest measures which the Go- 
 vernor may adopt to make Cyprus a model to the 
 Asiatic countries may be found one to promote tem- 
 perance, both among natives and foreigners, and " to 
 arrest at its fountain-head this prolific source of sin, 
 misery, and death." It is gratifying to learn that the
 
 44 A PASTORAL LETTEE. 
 
 wishes of this Society are being anticipated, and that 
 steps are already being taken to promote the cause of 
 temperance in the island. 
 
 As the field of duty which was assigned to me 
 when I was consecrated to the Bishopric of Gibraltar 
 included all congregations of the Church of England 
 in the islands of the Mediterranean, whatever con- 
 gregations of our Church may be formed in Cyprus 
 will be under my superintendence. If a considerable 
 number of Englishmen should settle in the island, 
 it will be necessary to provide for their wants by 
 the appointment of one or more Chaplains, and by 
 the erection of a church which I trust may be worthy 
 in all respects of our Church and country. The Eng- 
 lish clergyman who is now in the island to perform 
 the duties of his office, as Chaplain to Her Majesty's 
 Forces, has kindly undertaken, at my request, to ex- 
 tend his services to the few English civilians who 
 have arrived, until a Civil Chaplain be appointed. 
 Besides providing for the religious wants of our own 
 countrymen in Cyprus, you will all feel with me 
 that it is our duty to raise the level of education 
 among the native inhabitants. But we must be 
 careful, in any work which we may undertake, not 
 to interfere with the Christian Churches now existing 
 in the island. We should shew to the authorities 
 of those Churches that we come as their allies, and 
 not as their rivals. 
 
 The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in 
 Foreign Parts asks to be supplied with a special fund 
 for Cyprus, with a view to the establishment of a 
 Chaplaincy for English civilians, the erection of 
 a church, and the maintenance of a school for the
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 45 
 
 education of boys and girls, both English and Greek. 
 As I have already stated in a letter which has been 
 published by the Society, this appeal has my hearty 
 approval. We have passed securely through a great 
 crisis of suspense and danger. The war-cloud which 
 for two years has been hanging over us has melted. 
 A new era of promise is now dawning in the East. 
 While the war lasted, prayers were offered in all the 
 churches of this diocese, that God would soon bring it 
 to a close, and that England might continue to enjoy 
 the blessing of peace. We prayed also that God 
 would keep under His Fatherly care those members 
 of our nation who, at the call of duty, were sojourning 
 in the lands afflicted by the war, or were ministering 
 to the sick and the dying. All honour to those 
 brave and noble English ladies, who at Constanti- 
 nople, undaunted by fever or other peril, devoted 
 themselves to this work of self - denying charity, 
 nursing the wounded soldiers in the hospitals, or 
 relieving the destitute fugitives, who flocked from 
 all quarters into the plague-stricken city. No more 
 suitable thank-offering for the answer given to our 
 prayers could well be rendered than this, for which 
 an appeal is made by the Society for the Propagation 
 of the Gospel. (App. 8.) 
 
 It will be felt by all Christian Englishmen that 
 on arriving in this new land, which our Queen and 
 country have just taken under their charge, we should 
 bring with us the ordinances of our religion ; and that 
 an English church should soon be seen rising on the 
 shores which were the first to be hallowed by the 
 steps of the great Apostle of the Gentiles, when he 
 had embarked on his earliest missionary journey.
 
 46 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 The St. Andrew's Waterside Church Mission offers 
 to help in establishing a Chaplaincy for work among 
 British seamen in port. The Colonial and Continental 
 Society also purposes to send a Chaplain. Eventually, 
 I have no doubt that, if Englishmen can bear the 
 climate, the aid of all these societies will be needed : 
 and as the administration of the island becomes more 
 settled, some work of a missionary character, and 
 some work of female education, such as that now con- 
 ducted by Christian ladies at Athens, Cairo, and 
 Constantinople, ought to be taken in hand. 
 
 In promoting some of these objects we may doubt- 
 less count upon the support of Englishmen who are 
 not actually members of our own communion. In fact, 
 such support has been already offered. A few days 
 ago, I was asked to make arrangements for the dis- 
 tribution in Cyprus of a thousand copies of the New 
 Testament in modern Greek, which, at the invita- 
 tion of its Pastor, a congregation, not of our Church, 
 had contributed. From all that I have seen of the 
 Bishops of the Greek Church, I believe that no ob- 
 jection would be raised against the distribution of 
 these books among their flocks. 
 
 One of the objects for which the Bishopric which 
 I hold was established was the promotion of friendly 
 relations between the Church of England and the 
 ancient Oriental Churches. A warm and hearty 
 welcome has always been accorded to my prede- 
 cessors and to myself, when we have been visiting 
 British congregations in the East, by the Patriarchs, 
 Bishops, and Clergy of the Greek and Armenian 
 communities, who have expressed a great desire for 
 closer intercourse with the sister Church of England.
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 47 
 
 The eyes of the Christian world in Eastern Europe, 
 and in Asia Minor, have been directed for some time 
 to England, as the quarter whence help and sym- 
 pathy, deliverance from misrule, instruction, and en- 
 lightenment, would one day come. The opportunity 
 of fulfilling these hopes has, by God's Providence, 
 been most unexpectedly placed in our hands, and I 
 trust that we may turn it to a wise and good ac- 
 count. In Cyprus, we shall be brought into very near 
 relations with the Greek Church: we shall have 
 means, such as we have never enjoyed before, of 
 becoming acquainted with our Eastern brethren, 
 and of making ourselves known to them ; and I hope 
 that the principles which we profess and the lives 
 which we lead may be seen to be in accord; and 
 that men may be taught to value our English insti- 
 tutions, and the benefits of our Church, by the good 
 fruits which they are found to produce in English 
 hearts and characters. 
 
 A well-known name has lately been withdrawn 
 from the list of British Chaplains. The Ven. Arch- 
 deacon Cleugh has been compelled by sickness and 
 the infirmities of old age to resign the Chaplaincy 
 which he had long and faithfully served in Malta. 
 He was appointed to his office as Chaplain to the 
 Government in the island during the days of Bishop 
 Tomlinson, the first Bishop of Gibraltar; and was 
 promoted to the Archdeaconry by Bishop Trower, 
 Bishop Tomlinson's successor. His great experience, 
 good sense, manly honesty, and calm judgment, ren- 
 dered him a valuable adviser to the Bishops of this 
 see; the kind, prompt, and efficient assistance which 
 he has often given to myself will be always gratefully
 
 48 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 remembered ; while the firm, upright, and consistent 
 manner in which he has maintained the dignity of 
 his office have made him respected by all residents 
 in the island, Englishmen and Maltese, members of 
 our own Church, and Roman Catholics. He carries 
 with him upon his retirement the esteem and affec- 
 tion of all for whose good he has laboured for half- 
 a-century. 
 
 We have also lately lost the services of those two 
 members of your body whom, in recognition of their 
 long and fruitful labours in the Diocese, I have 
 asked to accept that one and only distinction which 
 I have at my disposal to mark my appreciation of 
 a Chaplain's merits. The Eev. E. F. Neville Rolfe, 
 Canon of Gibraltar, having held the Chaplaincy of 
 Christ Church, Cannes, for seventeen years, has been 
 obliged by illness to resign his office. Every one 
 who has visited the sunny shores of the Riviera, 
 or who is acquainted with the work of the Church 
 of England on the Continent, has heard of the good 
 which Mr. Rolfe has effected by his kindly, self-deny- 
 ing, and unwearied labours. The assiduity which he 
 has always shewn in ministering to the sick, in com- 
 forting the afflicted, in visiting all who attended the 
 services of his church, and in welcoming them week 
 after week to his bright and pretty chalet du Ministre, 
 in catechising the younger members of his flock, or in 
 preparing them for confirmation, has endeared him to 
 the hearts of us all, and especially to the hearts of 
 the young, the sick, and the mourners. If no word 
 of controversy or party strife has ever of late years 
 disturbed the peace of the English colony at Cannes, 
 this rare and peerless blessing is due, in a large
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 49 
 
 measure, to his tact and judgment, kindliness, and 
 large-hearted charity. "While he devoted his best 
 energies to the more important duties of his ministry, 
 the less important were never allowed to pass into 
 other hands. If the church was to be decorated, the 
 choir instructed, the books of the library to be dis- 
 pensed, gladly as he accepted the services of those 
 who offered their help, he was always at his post 
 to superintend ; everything was done under his own 
 eye. On revisiting the scenes of his faithful pas- 
 torate, we shall sorely miss his hearty welcome, his 
 genial and elevating influence. He leaves behind 
 him a name, a memory, an example, a spirit, which 
 will long live in many a loving English heart at 
 Cannes. All who have been brightened by the sun- 
 shine of his presence, all who have been comforted and 
 strengthened by his ministrations, will join with me 
 in praying that, if it be God's will to prolong his days 
 upon earth, he may have health to enjoy in the quiet 
 of his home circle the rest which has been forced upon 
 him, but which, however sorely needed, he would 
 never take while there was work to be done for 
 Christ and Christ's people. 
 
 The Rev. C. B. Gribble, Canon of Gibraltar, had 
 held the post as Chaplain to the Embassy at Con- 
 stantinople for a little more than twenty-one years, 
 when he died in July last. His life had been one 
 of change, adventure, hardship, and peril, as an officer 
 in India, a missionary in the wilds of Canada, a 
 parish clergyman in Glasgow, a " sailor parson" on the 
 Thames, a zealous astronomer, and a Fellow of the 
 Royal Astronomical Society. It is recorded of him 
 that, while he was incumbent of a church attached
 
 50 A PASTORAL LETTER. 
 
 to the Sailors' Home in the Port of London, he built 
 and kept at his own expense a small schooner yacht, 
 which he provided with the appliances needed for 
 Divine Service, and in which he used to make con- 
 stant excursions among the densely- crowded shipping 
 of the river. Similarly, while he was at Constanti- 
 nople, he lived for months with his family in a small 
 cutter, which he used for visiting the British seamen 
 gathered in the port from all quarters of the world. 
 Besides fulfilling his duties as Chaplain to the Em- 
 bassy, he laboured to promote the welfare of British 
 sailors at Constantinople, and in the ports of the 
 Levant, by supplying them with homes and hos- 
 pitals. Once and again he has had to brave the 
 dangers of cholera and of fire. During the alarms 
 and horrors of which Constantinople has lately been 
 the scene, though his frame was broken by illness 
 and old age, he took an active part in alleviating 
 distress and ministering to the sick and dying. Only 
 when the clouds had lifted, and peace was assured, 
 would he be persuaded to think of seeking rest and 
 health in England ; and when he started, he still 
 spoke of returning once more to the field of his 
 labours. But God had willed otherwise. "Within 
 a few hours' sail of Malta, where his body now rests, 
 his gentle and affectionate spirit passed away. 
 
 The missionary cause has lost this year an ex- 
 perienced, zealous, and learned labourer, in the Eev. 
 S. B. Burtchaell, who had charge for some time of a 
 mission to the Jews in Eome, and afterwards of like 
 missions in Florence and in Jerusalem, in which last 
 place he died of fever in June of this year. If any 
 of you have ever visited the Roman Ghetto under
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 51 
 
 his guidance, you will call to mind the strange and 
 unattractive scenes amid which he laboured, the zeal 
 and sanguine spirit with which, though he expected 
 no immediate results, he delivered his message. At 
 Florence also, where, in addition to his regular du- 
 ties, more than once he temporarily discharged the 
 office of Chaplain in the English church, he will 
 be remembered by many of our countrymen for his 
 kindness, good judgment, and high Christian cha- 
 racter. 
 
 In this letter, my brethren of the Clergy, I have 
 alluded to some of the disadvantages which attach to 
 the office of a Chaplain abroad. But the picture has 
 another and a brighter side. To compensate for the 
 anomalies and trials of your position, you have special 
 encouragements, special means of influence, special 
 opportunities of furthering the cause of Christ, and 
 special and very abiding rewards. If, for example, 
 the field of labour to which you have been appointed 
 is one of those quiet resorts where our countrymen, 
 in ever-increasing numbers, now pass the months of 
 winter and early spring, you are secure, for the most 
 part, from all those distractions of worldly business 
 and worldly pleasure which elsewhere so seriously 
 thwart pastoral influence. As your work consists, in 
 a great measure, in ministering to those who are in 
 sickness or in sorrow, no effort is needed to win atten- 
 tion to your message. You address hearts that are 
 impressible, and crave for succour and comfort. You 
 have intelligent, cultivated, and appreciative congre- 
 gations. If you spend labour in the composition of 
 your sermons, you feel sure that no such labour is 
 ever thrown away. Among those who attend the Ser- 
 
 d2
 
 52 A PASTOEAL LETTEE. 
 
 vices of jour church are often found persons who be- 
 long to other Communions, and whom you have the 
 opportunity of instructing in the special doctrines and 
 principles of our own Church. Sometimes, also, you 
 are asked for help and counsel by men who are trou- 
 bled by the doubts and difficulties of these modern 
 times. If your experience accords with my own, 
 you have discovered that it is from no evil heart of 
 unbelief that these doubts generally spring in the 
 present day, but that the minds which are perplexed 
 by them are looking anxiously for guidance, longing 
 earnestly to believe, and praying passionately for 
 light. If you are fulfilling the duties of your high 
 and important office faithfully, you have the happi- 
 ness of feeling that your labours are valued ; you are 
 giving real comfort to the afflicted, support to the 
 weak, and light to those who are in darkness, and 
 are winning souls for Christ. 
 
 You, my Brethren of the Laity, I have to thank 
 for the effective and liberal help which you have 
 rendered to the cause of Christ's people, by erecting 
 churches, by providing clubs and homes for British 
 seamen, and by aiding many other works of Christian 
 goodness in the Diocese. Some of you I have also 
 to thank for your assistance in framing new con- 
 stitutions for the congregations which have lately 
 been thrown on the voluntary system, and in serving 
 as members of Church-Committees, and as Church- 
 wardens. If here and there the property of the 
 churches which you have built is not as yet legally 
 secured, if here and there rules of ecclesiastical 
 order are neglected, if here and there the character 
 of public worship requires to be improved, I look
 
 A PASTORAL LETTER. 53 
 
 to you for zealous co-operation in supplying omis- 
 sions, in discountenancing and discouraging irregu- 
 larities, in rendering our services more hearty, more 
 attractive, more provocative of reverence, and in sup- 
 porting the Clergy in the efforts which they are 
 making to render English churches abroad, so far 
 as circumstances admit, faithful representatives of 
 our Church at home. 
 
 It is my purpose to resume in a few days the 
 work of visiting the distant and scattered congre- 
 gations of the diocese, which sickness has compelled 
 me to discontinue for a while; and I hope that in 
 the performance of this duty I shall be accompanied 
 by your good wishes and your prayers. 
 
 May God's Holy Spirit be with you all in every 
 good work which you have in hand, to promote 
 His glory and the welfare of those for whom our 
 Eedeemer died. 
 
 Believe me to be, my dear Brethren, 
 Your sincere Friend and Brother, 
 C. W. Gibraltar.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 (1.) "Conference of Bishops of the Anglican Communion, 
 hoi den at Lambeth Palace, Juty, 1878. Letter from the 
 Bishops, including the Reports adopted by the Confer- 
 ence." Published under Authority, by Cassell, Petter, 
 and Galpin, London, Paris, and New York, 1878. 
 
 (2.) Resolution of the Upper House of the Convocation of 
 the Province of Canterbury, February 13, 1867: — 
 
 "Resolved — That, having taken into consideration the Re- 
 port made to this House by the Lower House concerning cer- 
 tain ritual observances, we have concluded that, having regard 
 to the dangers (1) of favouring errors deliberately rejected 
 by the Church of England, and fostering a tendency to 
 desert her communion ; (2) of offending, even in things in- 
 different, devout worshippers in our churches, who have 
 been long used to other modes of service, and thus of estrang- 
 ing many of the faithful laity ; (3) of unnecessarily depart- 
 ing from uniformity ; (4) of increasing the difficulties which 
 prevent the return of the separatists to our communion, — 
 we convey to the Lower House our unanimous decision that, 
 having respect to the considerations here recorded, and to 
 the rubric concerning the service of the Church in our Book 
 of Common Prayer, to wit — 
 
 " ' Forasmuch as nothing can be so plainly set forth, but doubts may 
 arise in the use and practice of the same, to appease all such diversity (if 
 any arise), and for the resolution of all doubts concerning the manner how 
 to understand, do, and execute the things contained in this book, the 
 parties that so doubt or diversely take anything shall alway resort to the 
 Bishop of the diocese, who, by his discretion, shall take order for the 
 quieting and appeasing of the same, so that the same order be not contrary 
 to anything contained in this book ; and if the Bishop of the diocese be 
 in doubt, then he may send for the resolution thereof to the Archbishop ;'
 
 APPENDIX. 55 
 
 our judgment is that no alterations from long-sanctioned 
 and usual ritual ought to be made in our churches, until 
 the sanction of the Bishop of the diocese has been obtained 
 thereto." 
 
 Resolution of the Lower House of the Convocation of the 
 Province of Canterbury, February 15, 1867 : — 
 
 "That this House concurs in the judgment of the Upper 
 House, viz.: 'That no alteration from the long-sanc- 
 tioned and usual ritual ought to be made in our churches 
 until the sanction of the Bishop of the diocese has been ob- 
 tained thereto/ " 
 
 Resolution of the Convocation of the Province of York, 
 in fuU Synod, March 20, 1867 :— 
 
 " "Whereas certain vestments and Ritual observances have 
 recently been introduced into the services of the Church of 
 England, this House desires to place on record its deliberate 
 opinion that these innovations are to be deprecated, as tending 
 to favour errors rejected by that Church, and as being repug- 
 nant to the feelings of a large number both of the laity and 
 clergy ; and this House is further of opinion, that it is de- 
 sirable that the minister in public prayer and the adminis- 
 tration of the Sacraments and other rites of the Church 
 should continue to use the surplice, academical hood, or 
 tippet for non-graduates, and the scarf or stole, these having 
 received the sanction of long-continued usage." 
 
 (3.) Declaration of the Bishops of the Province of Canter- 
 bury on the subject of Confession, contained in a Report 
 presented July 23, 1873 : — 
 
 " In the matter of Confession the Church of England 
 holds fast those principles which are set forth in Holy Scrip- 
 tures, which were professed by the Primitive Church, and 
 which were re-affirmed at the English Reformation. 
 
 " The Church of England, in the 25th Article, affirms that 
 Penance is not to be counted for a Sacrament of the Gospel, 
 and, as judged by her formularies, knows no such words as 
 ' Sacramental Confession.'
 
 56 APPENDIX. 
 
 " Grounding her doctrine on Holy Scriptures, she dis- 
 tinctly declares the full and entire forgiveness of sins, 
 through the Blood of Jesus Christ, to all who bewail their 
 own sinfulness, confess themselves to Almighty God with 
 full purpose of amendment of life, and turn with true faith 
 unto Him. 
 
 " It is the desire of the Church that by this way and 
 means all her children should find peace. In this spirit the 
 forms of Confession and Absolution are set forth in her pub- 
 lic Services, yet, for the relief of troubled consciences, she 
 has made special provision in two exceptional cases. 
 
 " 1. In the case of those who cannot quiet their own con- 
 sciences previously to receiving the Hoi} 7 Communion, but 
 require further comfort or counsel, the Minister is directed 
 to sa} 7 , ' Let him come to me, or to some other discreet and 
 learned Minister of God's Word, and open his grief, that by 
 the ministry of God's Holy Word he may receive the benefit 
 of Absolution, together with ghostly counsel and advice/ 
 
 " Nevertheless, it is to be noted that for such a case no 
 form of Absolution has been prescribed in the Book of Com- 
 mon Prayer, and, further, that the Rubric in the first Praj 7 er- 
 Book of 1549, which sanctioned a particular form of Abso- 
 lution, has been withdrawn from all subsequent editions of 
 the said book. 
 
 " 2. In the order for the Visitation of the Sick it is directed 
 that the sick man be moved to make a special Confession of 
 his sins, if he feel his conscience troubled with any weighty 
 matter, but in such case Absolution is only to be given when 
 the sick man shall humbly and heartily desire it. 
 
 " This special provision, however, does not authorise the 
 ministers of the Church to require from any who may resort 
 to them to open their grief, a particular or detailed enume- 
 ration of all their sins, or to require private Confession pre- 
 vious to receiving the Holy Communion, or to enjoin or even 
 encourage any practice of habitual Confession, to a Priest, 
 or to teach that such practice of habitiial Confession, or the 
 being subject to what has been termed the direction of
 
 APPENDIX. 57 
 
 a Priest, is a condition of attaining to the highest spiri- 
 tual life." 
 
 Resolution of the Lower House of Convocation of the 
 Province of Canterbury, July 4, 1877 : — 
 
 " That this House desires to express its general concur- 
 rence, but not as a Synodical act, in the Declaration on the 
 subject of Confession sent down to it from the Upper House 
 for consideration." 
 
 Resolution of the Convocation of the Province of York 
 in full Synod, February 21, 1878:— 
 
 " That this Convocation expresses its general concurrence 
 in the Declaration on the subject of Confession agreed on by 
 the Upper House of the Convocation of Canterbury, and 
 generally concurred in by the Lower House of the same." 
 
 (4.) Circular Letter, issued Oct. 1876. 
 
 I. What is the name of your Chaplaincy ? When was 
 it established ? What is the date of your appointment ? 
 
 II. If there be a Church, when was it built? Has it 
 been dedicated by a special religious Service ? 
 
 III. If there be no Church, where are the Services held ? 
 
 IV. What is the legal tenure of the Church ? Are there 
 any other buildings connected with the Church ? What is 
 their legal tenure ? 
 
 V. Under what authority, if any, from the Government 
 of the Country are your meetings for Divine Worship held ? 
 
 VI. Who has the patronage of the Chaplaincy ? Has it 
 always been in the same hands ? 
 
 VII. Is there a Church-Committee? What is the con- 
 stitution of the Chaplainc}'' ? If you have a printed copy 
 of the constitution, would you kindly forward it with your 
 answers ? 
 
 VIII. How is the Chaplaincy supported ? Is there any 
 fixed endowment ? What has been the average income 
 during the last five years ?
 
 58 APPENDIX. 
 
 IX. Is the Chaplain responsible for the expenses of 
 Divine Worship ? 
 
 X. If the Chaplaincy was ever in connection with the 
 Foreign Office, when, and under what circumstances, was 
 the connection broken ? 
 
 XI. If the Chaplaincy be still in connection with the 
 Foreign Office, what salary is given to the Chaplain ? 
 
 XII. "What is the present number of British residents ? 
 Has there been any marked change in the number of late 
 years ? 
 
 XIII. "What has been the average number of British visi- 
 tors of late years ? Are they on the increase or decrease ? 
 
 XIV. "What are the Services in your Church on Sundays 
 and on "Week-days ? How often is the Holy Communion 
 administered ? What is the average number of Communi- 
 cants? What is the average number of the ordinary 
 Congregation ? 
 
 XV. Is there a British Cemetery ? Has it been dedi- 
 cated by a special religious Service ? If not, what is' the 
 reason ? Is it kept in good order ? In whose hands is 
 the management ? 
 
 XVI. Have you ever been called to baptise ? Have you 
 ever been called to marry? Have you ever been called to 
 bury ? Has a Register been kept ? and where ? 
 
 XVII. If any Clergyman assists you for more than three 
 consecutive Sundays, are you accustomed to notify the fact 
 to your Diocesan ? 
 
 XVIII. How often, in your opinion, is it desirable that 
 your people should have an opportunity for Confirmation ? 
 
 XIX. Are , there any English of the labouring class in 
 your neighbourhood ? Do they attend your Church ? Have 
 you any School for the poor ? 
 
 XX. Are there any English Boys or Girls of the Upper 
 Classes at School in your neighbourhood ? Have you a 
 Sunday School? Is any provision made for the religious 
 instruction of the younger members of your flock ? 
 
 XXI. If your Chaplaincy be a seaport, and be visited by 
 British merchant - ships, what provision is made for the
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 59 
 
 spiritual wants of the sailors? Are they in the habit of 
 coming to your Church? Is a Missionary Curate, or a 
 Scripture Reader, working among them? If so, is his 
 salary derived, either in whole or in part, from any Society ? 
 Is he under your supervision ? 
 
 XXII. Is any work of an exceptional character needed 
 among any Class of our countrymen in your Chaplaincy ? 
 
 XXIII. Has the British community of the place where 
 you are Chaplain been connecte d with any events of histo- 
 rical interest ? If so, would you specify them ? 
 
 (5.) Extract of Standing Committee of the National 
 
 Society for the Education of the Poor, Minutes of 
 
 February 6, 1878. 
 
 "The Committee, having considered the correspondence 
 which has passed with the Bishop of Gibraltar and the 
 Bishop of Meath on his behalf, as to the Society's accept- 
 ance of the Trusteeship of churches abroad, resolves, that 
 in every case where the Society accepts such Trusteeship, 
 there must be a Guarantee Fund of such amount, invested 
 on such security, and vested in such Trustees as the Society 
 shall in the circumstances of each case decide ; keeping in 
 view the general object of such a Fund, which must be to 
 provide a regular income adequate to the discharge of all 
 local claims for taxation or otherwise, and the cost of annual 
 repairs, the balance of such income being either accumu- 
 lated or expended for salaries, &c, according to the amount 
 of the Fund, and the agreement with the Society in each case. 
 
 " The Trusts of the Guarantee Fund must be declared by 
 a Deed of Trust, the Draft of which must be approved by 
 the Society." 
 
 (6.) St. Andrew's "Waterside Church Mission, for 
 Sailors, Fishermen, and Emigrants. 
 
 Patrons — The Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of 
 Rochester, and the Bishop of Gibraltar. 
 
 Hon. Secretary and Treasurer — Hev. John Scarth, Yicar 
 of Lloly Trinity, Gravesend.
 
 60 appendix. 
 
 Society for Missions to Seamen. 
 
 Patron— The Duke of Edinburgh, R.N. 
 Vice-Patrons — The four Archbishops, and thirty -three 
 Bishops. 
 
 Office — 11, Buckingham-street, Strand, London. 
 General Secretary — Commander TV". Dawson, R.N. 
 
 (7.) The Girls' Friendly Society. 
 
 Sanctioned by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Arch- 
 bishop of York, and by the Bishops of London, Winchester, 
 Bath and Wells, Carlisle, Chester, Chichester, Ely, Exeter, 
 Gloucester and Bristol, Lichfield, Lincoln, Manchester, Peter- 
 borough, Rochester, Salisbury, St. Alban's, St. Asaph, Truro, 
 Worcester, and Gibraltar. 
 
 Patrons — His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, His 
 Grace the Archbishop of York. 
 
 President of Council — Mrs. Townsend, Honington-hall, 
 Shipston-on-Stour. 
 
 General Secretary — Miss Noyes, the Girls' Friendly Lodge 
 and Central Office, 245, Vauxhall-bridge-road, London. 
 Hon. Auditor — Lord Brabazon. 
 
 OBJECTS AND MACHINERY OF THE SOCIETY. 
 
 The object of the Girls' Friendly Society is to bind 
 together in one Society ladies as Associates, and working 
 girls and young women as Members, for mutual help and 
 assistance in leading pure and useful lives. 
 
 The machinery of the Girls' Friendly Society is extremely 
 simple. Each lady who joins it receives an Associate's card, 
 and a list of Associates' names and addresses, published and 
 forwarded half-yearly, by which she can at once see if there 
 be any Associate to whom a Member can be commended in 
 the parish to which she may be going : she also receives 
 every year a printed form for filling up Members' names 
 and addresses.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 (8.) Cyprus. 
 
 61 
 
 The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel appeals 
 for a Fund for Cyprus — (1.) For support, in part at least, 
 of a Clergyman for the English — not a rival, but a friend, 
 of the local ministry ; (2.) For aid in the erection of a 
 Church for the English ; (3.) For a School. 
 
 Contributions for the Cyprus Fund will be thankfully 
 received by the Treasurers of the Society for the Propaga- 
 tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. 
 
 W. T. Bullock, Secretary. 
 
 19, Delahay -street, Westminster, S.W. 
 
 (9.) Gibraltar Diocesan Spiritual Aid Fund. 
 
 There are at present under the supervision of the Bishop 
 of Gibraltar seventy-eight Congregations, exclusive of those 
 under the Military and Naval Chaplains at Gibraltar, Malta, 
 and Cyprus, which are not under his supervision. 
 
 Nine of these Congregations are in connection w T ith the 
 Foreign Office, which aids them by a small grant. The 
 remainder have to provide for their Chaplain from their 
 own resources, a few receiving help from one of the Church 
 Societies. The Diocese contains many small, and yet not 
 unimportant, Communities, which from their limited num- 
 bers and means, are unable without assistance to maintain 
 a Chaplain. It is chiefly for the benefit of Communities 
 of this class that the " Gibraltar Diocesan Spiritual Aid 
 Fund" has been established : grants of from £20 to £50 
 might often be the means of preventing the abandonment 
 of Chaplaincies suffering under temporary difficulties from 
 political troubles, or from vicissitudes of seasons or of com- 
 merce; while they might call into existence others, by ren- 
 dering available contributions otherwise inadequate to the 
 support of a Chaplain. 
 
 The withdrawal of the Grants made until lately by
 
 62 APPENDIX. 
 
 the Foreign Office to the Consular Chaplains has increased 
 the difficulties with which the work of our Church has to 
 contend in Foreign Countries. But I trust that funds may 
 be raised to replace the sum withdrawn, and prevent any 
 part of our work from being abandoned. 
 
 All moneys should be paid through a local Banker or Mer- 
 chant to the account of the G. D. 8. A. F., with Messrs. Hoare, 
 37, Fleet-street, London, E.C. 
 
 Grants are given for the current year only : if, therefore, 
 their renewal is desired, a fresh application should be made, 
 by letter addressed to the Bishop of Gibraltar at 28, Great 
 George-street, Westminster, London. 
 
 It will be noticed that, owing to the new grants made 
 this year in aid of the Chaplaincy at Madrid, and of the 
 Chaplaincy for British Seamen at Constantinople, the ex- 
 penditure has exceeded the income by £83 lis. 10(/. Where- 
 as by the last Report there was a balance in hand of £289 
 12s. 7d., in this Report there is a balance of £206 0s. 9d. 
 only. Still further grants are promised for next year. 
 With the view of raising a sum adequate to meet the dif- 
 ferent wants of the Church in the Diocese, the Bishop of 
 Gibraltar ventures to ask for an offertory from those con- 
 gregations which have not as yet contributed, as well as 
 for the continued support of those which have, and for a 
 subscription from such benevolent persons as feel disposed 
 to promote the objects for which the Fund was established.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 63 
 
 
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 LIST OP CLERGY IN THE DIOCESE OP GIBRALTAR. 
 
 Bishop— The Right Rev. CHARLES WALDEGRAVE SANDFORD, D.D. 
 (All letters for the Bishop should be addressed to 28, Great George-street, Westminster.) 
 
 _ . . . _ , , f The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Dover, D.D., Canterbury. 
 Commissaries m England— j The Rev _ G w Kitchin) M-A-i chvist church, Oxford. 
 
 Archdeacon of Malta — Ven. John Cleugh, D.D. 
 
 Secretaries in London and Registrars of the Diocese— Messrs. Day and Hassard, 
 28, Great George-street, Westminster. 
 
 CANONS OP GIBRALTAR. 
 
 C. Childers, M.A 1866 
 
 T. BurbHge, LL.D 1868 
 
 W. F. Addison, M.A 1869 
 
 H. Sidehotham, M.A 1870 
 
 E. F. Neville Rolfe, M.A. . . 1875 
 
 C. A. Hardy, M.A. 
 
 J. E. Sabin, M.A. 
 F. J. Bateman . . 
 W. H. Milner 
 
 CHAPLAINS AT GIBRALTAR. 
 
 G. A. Willan, M.A. . . Civil Chaplain. 
 
 J. C. Edghill, M.A. . . Chaplain to H.M. forces. 
 
 O. Horman, M.A. . . . Chaplain to H.M. forces. 
 
 MALTA. 
 
 . Civil Chaplain. 
 Trinity CDurch, Sliema. 
 
 . Chaplain to H.M. forces. 
 
 . Chaplain to H.M. forces. 
 
 . Chaplain to H.M. Forces. 
 J. K. Lethbridge, M.A. Chaplain to H.M. Forces. 
 G. N. Godwin .... Chaplain to H.M. Forces. 
 R. H. Donovan, B. A. . Chaplain R.N. Hospital. 
 
 A. Buckley, M.A. . Chaplain to H.M. Flag-ship. 
 
 CYPRUS. 
 
 D. Nickerson, M.A. . . Chaplain to H.M. Forces. 
 
 FOREIGN SUPERVISION. 
 SPAIN. 
 
 B. S. Dawson, M.A. . Madrid. 
 
 E. Lovegrove, M.A. . Barcelona. 
 
 T. W. Scott, M.A. . Consular Chaplain, Malaga. 
 E. Drought, M.A. . . Linares. 
 W. C. Stuart, M.A. . . Seville. 
 R. Croker, M.A. . . . Jeres. 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 T. G. P. Pope, D.D. . Lisbon. 
 T. S. Polehampton, M.A., Oporto. 
 R. Addison, M.A. . . Madeira. 
 FRANCE. 
 
 D. S. Govett, M. A., Consular Chaplain, Marseilles. 
 N. G. M. Lawrence, M.A., Toulon. 
 
 Rt. Rev. A.,Oxenden,D.D., Christ Church, Cannes. 
 W. Brookes . . . 
 W. M. Wollaston, M.A 
 
 E. Whyte, M.A. . . . 
 J. J. Turner, M.A. . 
 H. Sidebotham, M.A. 
 Mourant Brock, M.A. 
 Paul M. Singer, M.A. 
 
 C. Childers, M.A. . 
 T. H. Barnett, M.A. 
 J. Lacy Hulbert, B.A. 
 
 CORSICA. 
 T. Staffurt, B.A. . . . Ajaccio. 
 
 ITALY. 
 H. W. Wasse, M.A. . . Rome. 
 W. Pickance, LL.M. . Assist. Chaplain, Rome. 
 W. Walsh, M.A. . . . Rome. 
 H. T. Barff, M.A. . . Naples. 
 R. Loftus Tottenham, M.A., Florence. 
 Bologna. 
 Turin. 
 
 G. Tucker Milan. 
 
 J. D. Mereweather, B. A., Venice. 
 
 Holy Trinity, Cannes. 
 St. Paul's, Cannes. 
 Assist. St. Paul's, Cannes. 
 Antibes. 
 
 Mentone, West Bay.. 
 Mentone, East Bay. 
 Hyeres. 
 Nice. 
 
 Assist. Chaplain, Nice. 
 Carabacel, Nice. 
 
 Summer 
 ^-Chap- 
 laincies. 
 
 E. Bayly, M.A. . . . Genoa. 
 
 n. J. Huntington, B.A. Leghorn. 
 
 Rothwell Johnson, M.A.Pisa and Baths of Lucca. 
 
 Siena. 
 
 Bordighera. 
 G. L. Fenton, M.A. . . San Remo. 
 T. Hayes, M.A. . . . Alassio. 
 T. L. Stayner, M.A. . Pegli. 
 C. S. Treacher, M.A. . Rapallo and Santa Mar- 
 gherita. 
 
 E. S. Corrie, M.A. . . Spezia. 
 J. W.Woodroffe.M.A. . Nervi. 
 
 Castellamare. 
 L. T. Bulkeley, M.A. . Cornigliano. 
 W. Owen, B.A. . . . Pallanza. 
 
 Sorrento. 
 
 Capri. 
 
 Ischea. 
 
 S.Martin 
 Lantosque. 
 
 Cadenabbia. 
 
 Macugnaga. 
 
 Courmayeur. 
 
 Bormio. 
 
 Varese. 
 
 Villa d'Este. 
 
 Stresa. 
 
 Bellagio. J 
 SICILY. 
 T. Burhidge, LL.D. . . Palermo and Marsala. 
 
 Messina. 
 
 GREECE. 
 J. B. D'Arcy, M.A. . . Athens. 
 
 F. A. Hildner .... Syra. 
 F. Ogden, M.A. . . . Patras. 
 
 J. W. C. Hughes, M.A., Consular Chaplain, Corfu. 
 L. F. Burne, B.A. . . Zante. 
 
 AUSTRIA. 
 R. O'Callaghan, M.A., Consular Chaplain, Tiie ste. 
 
 LOWER DANUBE— ROUMANIA- 
 F. G. Kleinhenn . . . Bucharest, S. C. Jews. 
 TURKEY. 
 
 CONSTANTINOPLE. 
 
 Chaplain to the Embassy. 
 C. G. Curtis, M.A. . . Christ Church, Pera. 
 S. C. Newman . . . . S. C. Jews. 
 J. O. Bagdon .... Kadikeui. 
 
 SMYRNA. 
 
 J. Dombrain, M.A. Consular Chaplain, Smyrna 
 
 and Bournabat. 
 J. M. Eppstein . . . S. C. Jews, and Boujah. 
 
 APRICA. 
 Herbert A. Boys, B.A. . Algiers. 
 J. B. Ginsburg . . . Mogador, S. C. Jews. 
 E. B. Frankel .... Tunis, S. C. Jews.

 
 ■«H"» 
 
 -V-