STATE OF ILLINOIS WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION VERA M. BINKS, Director IUN MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS IN 1954 by W. H. Voskuil W. L. Busch DIVISION OF THE •LLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY JOHN C, FRYE, Chief ur^J CIRCULAR 206 1955 ILLIfC LOGICAL 1QCR Mineral Pvuiuctfon, m by W. H. Voskuil W.L.Busch Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/mineralproductio206vosk CONTENTS Page The Illinois mineral industry 5 Climate 6 Importance of water resources 6 Raw materials and manufacturing 8 Nonmetallic minerals 9 Coal industry 10 Coal in 1954 10 Production in the United States 11 Eastern Interior Basin 12 Illinois production 12 Exports 14 Degree-days 16 Coke industry 16 Petroleum industry 17 Economic implications of oil 17 The petroleum industry in 1954 19 How much oil do we have ? 20 Natural gas reserves 20 Illinois oil production and developments 20 Crude oil imports 20 Industrial minerals industry 21 Industrial minerals in Illinois 21 Problems of the agstone industry 21 Fluorspar industry 23 Illinois production 24 Imports 25 Directory of Illinois industrial minerals producers 47 Limestone and dolomite 47 Clay products 5 1 Sand and gravel 53 Portland and masonry cement 58 Lime 58 Silica sand 58 Natural bonded molding sand 59 Tripoli 59 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Value and source of Illinois mineral production, 1954 7 2. National production of bituminous coal, 1930-1954 10 3. The states that produced 90 percent of the nation's bituminous coal, 1954 11 4. Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky coal fields and the main mining districts 12 5. Illinois coal production by counties, 1954 13 Figure ^ a § e 6. Illinois counties that produced 100 million tons of coal each, 1882-1954 14 7. Degree -day map of Illinois and adjacent region 15 8. Illinois production of crude petroleum, 1905-1954 17 9. New oil pools discovered in Illinois in 1954 18 10. Sources of United States crude petroleum imports, 1954 19 11. Percentage consumption of fluorspar by industries, 1948-1954 24 TABLES Table Page 1. Summary of Illinois mineral production, 1952-1954 26 2. Value of Illinois mineral production, 1915-1954 28 3. National production of bituminous coal, 1942-1954 • 29 4. Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1942-1954 29 5. Illinois coal production by counties, 1882-1954 30 6. Production and value of coal from Illinois mines by counties, 1954 32 7. Summary of amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, 1953 34 8. National consumption of bituminous coal, 1947-1954 34 9. United States exports of bituminous coal, 1945-1954 35 10. Coke and by-products used or sold by producers in Illinois, 1954 35 11. Sources of coal used for producing coke in Illinois, 1953-1954 35 12. Production of crude petroleum by states, 1942-1954 36 13. Illinois well completions and production, 1936-1954 37 14. Illinois fields producing more than one million barrels of oil during 1954 38 15. Estimates of proved oil reserves in states serving the Illinois area, 1951-1955 38 16. Estimates of natural gas reserves in Illinois and other states, 1952-1955 38 17. Natural gas reserves in Illinois, 1955 39 18. Gasoline consumption in Illinois and the United States, 1950-1954 39 19. Crude oil prices at the well, 1954 40 20. United States crude oil imports, 1950-1954 41 21. Illinois limestone and dolomite production, 1953-1954 41 22. Illinois clay products, 1952-1954 42 23. Special sands in Illinois, 1953-1954 42 24. Illinois sand and gravel production, 1953-1954 43 25. Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1952-1953 44 26. Consumption of fluorspar (domestic and foreign) in the United States by industry, 1942-1954 45 27. United States imports of fluorspar, 1953-1954 46 28. Fluorspar data for the United States, 1942-1954 46 MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS IN 1954 by W. H. Voskuil and W. L. Busch ABSTRACT The annual report of mineral production in Illinois is a sum- mary of the output and value of Illinois mineral products. The miner als include coal, petroleum, natural gas, stone, silica sand, lime, ce- ment, clay products, sand, gravel, fluorspar, and metals. Brief econ omic analyses of the mineral industries are accompanied by maps, tables, and graphs. A directory of Illinois industrial minerals pro- ducers reporting production for 1954 is included. THE ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY We can appreciate and understand the value of Illinois minerals and the Illinois mineral industry if we take the time to examine the background and the foundations of the region in which we live. The area that comprises Illi- nois and its neighboring states of Wisconsin, Indiana, Minnesota, Iowa, Mis- souri, and Kentucky is one of the richest in the world. The combination of wide expanses of fertile soil, level topography, generous rainfall, and favor- able temperatures found here is present in only a few other places in the world. Agriculture is one of the basic industries in the area and a major con- tributor to the high standard of living. The products of agriculture are sold not only to the people of the large urban-industrial areas, including Chicago, St. Louis, Milwaukee, Indianapolis, Peoria, and Springfield, but are also shipped to the eastern United States and exported abroad, thereby returning a large income to the farmers. Most important in this highly productive economy is the unusually fer- tile soil of the area. The natural fertility was so high that only in compara- tively recent time has the liming of the soils been practiced widely; substan- tial use of nitrogenous, phosphate, and potash fertilizers is even more recent. The level topography, also, has favored the development of high agri- cultural production. The gasoline -powered tractor and a heavy investment in power -driven machinery has become standard on a majority of farms in the Midwest. The output of the farmer has been increased to a remarkable extent by farm equipment, agricultural limestone, and fertilizers. "Possibly no measure of increased efficiency is so spectacular as that which shows the rise in output per man-hour. Since 1940, for example, the total production of corn and other feed grains has increased about one -fifth, the man-hours [5] 6 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY used to produce them have been reduced by more than one -half, and the out- put of feed-grains per man-hour has increased nearly three -fold."* Climate Rainfall for crop production is adequate and well distributed. The av- erage annual rainfall is more than 40 inches on the southern edge of the Mid- west region. This covers the southern part of Illinois and Indiana and the southern half of Missouri. From 30 to 40 inches of rain falls over most of the area occupied by Wisconsin, Iowa, and the remainder of Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. The line of 20-inch rainfall, usually considered as the lower limit of arable agriculture, runs through the Dakotas and Nebraska, consider- ably west of our region. Temperature differences within the Midwest are wide and exert a strong effect on the productivity of the land. The higher temperatures of the south- ern part of the region permit that area to excel in the production of many high-value crops including corn and soybeans. Importance of Water Resources We have mentioned the importance of water for crop production - but the need for water goes far beyond agriculture and includes electric power production, mining and quarrying, transportation, and manufacturing. Water, of which the Midwest has adequate supplies, is therefore very important for the prosperity of the area. Use of water in power production . - Water in large quantities is needed as a cooling agent in the production of electrical power by steam-driven tur- bines and electric generators. As about 400 to 700 tons of water is needed for each ton of coal used as fuel, steam power plants are often built near large bodies of cool water such as tidewater points, on the shores of the Great Lakes, or on large rivers. In the use of water for the production of power, a water head and a flow of water are required. The amount of power that can be obtained from an elevated body of water depends upon the height of the water above the water wheel and the volume of water flowing per measured period of time. The use- fulness of water flowing from a higher to a lower level in the production of power depends upon the regularity of flow. The amount of power that can be depended upon from day to day is related directly to the amount of water that can be expected to flow continuously. Modification or correction of seasonal variation in flow so as to increase the over -all year-round dependable power is one of the problems of water resource conservation in power supply. Water in manufacturing . - The location of suitable water supplies is one of the first steps in locating a manufacturing plant. Water in manufactur- ing operations is used in many ways including washing, quenching, heat ex- i hanging, processing, cooking, shrinking, etc. Industries such as steel, paper - making, textiles, felt-making, canning, leather -tanning, beverages, rayon m a nuf a ctu re, require substantial quantities of water in the course of opera- *Annual Report, 1954, Federal Reserve Board of Chicago, p. 6. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 1954 Value of Illinois Mineral Production $507,697,000 Fig. 1. Value and source of Illinois mineral production, 1954. tions. The quality and temperature of the water are important considerations in determining its usefulness in manufacturing operations. Navigation . - Water transportation, under certain circumstances, is by far the superior form of transportation for bulky raw materials, and it is rel- atively low in cost. Therefore, the Great Lakes are used for shipping coal and iron ore to the steel centers on lake ports, for moving grain from the granaries of the Middle West to Atlantic ports, and for movement of stone and oil. This excellent navigational system in the heart of the North Ameri- can continent has done much to shape the geographic pattern of American in- dustry, and has been an important factor in the low -cost production of iron and steel. There are many rivers in the Midwest now classed as navigable that have been further improved to make them navigable for certain types of water 8 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY craft, several of which are used in the transportation of materials. Much money has been spent by state and federal governments to improve streams and water bodies for navigation. The fact that a large percentage of the nation's population live in urban communities has made the question of adequate municipal water supply one of great importance. About a third of the people live in 90 cities of more than 100,000 population, another third in smaller towns and villages, and the re- mainder on farms. The latter two-thirds depend extensively on groundwater. The problems involved in getting a water supply for a small community are of local interest, but the same problems may assume regional, national, or even international importance in densely populated sections. Midwest water supply . - An adequate water supply is available in the Midwest. By adequate water supply, we mean a sufficient quantity and dis- tributed in the places where it is needed. The sources of our water supply are rainfall (30 to 45 inches annually), which accumulates in lake and river reservoirs, and water in underground reservoirs, which was stored there in the past and is being replenished to some extent by rainfall. For manufacturing and transportation purposes, the distribution of water is also very fortunate. Lake Michigan not only is an inexhaustible sup- ply of water but is part of the Great Lakes route for the cheap movement of bulk ores, coal, oil, and other raw or semiprocessed materials. The Missis- sippi and Illinois waterways form part of a system of inland waterways that connect Illinois industry with the oil-producing portions of the Louisiana and Texas gulf coasts as well as provide a water highway southward for Illinois manufactured goods. Chicago, Joliet, Peoria, Pekin, Havana, Moline, Rock. Island, Quincy, Alton, East St. Louis, Cairo, and numerous smaller cities directly benefit by and make use of the waterways. Raw Materials and Manufacturing We have seen that the large and highly productive agricultural industry has laid the foundation for a large purchasing power within the area. Agri- culture also supplies the raw materials for a tremendously large group of food-processing industries in Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul -Minneapolis, St. ; Louis and East St. Louis, Indianapolis, Council Bluffs, Omaha, and Kansas City, to mention some of the cities that engage in food preparation. Land topography and waterways have opened the way for low-cost land and water transportation. More than this, the waterways have linked together by low-cost transportation, a wide array of mineral resources that are the foundation for the manufacture of metal goods, ceramics, glass, cement, and clay products. Illinois does not have within its own borders all the minerals and ore needed for the manufacture of the metal, ceramic, and other products made in Chicago and downstate cities. In fact, iron ore is lacking altogether, and the production of metallurgical coke for the iron and steel industry is just now getting under way. Illinois' unique advantage lies in the fact that the as- sembling of mineral raw materials from widely scattered sources is most economically effected here. We have, as a consequence, a large primary iroi and steel industry in Chicago and a smaller one in Granite City. The ores of ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 9 iron come mainly from the Lake Superior district, and the special type of cok- ing coal to smelt the ores comes principally from West Virginia and eastern Kentucky, although Illinois itself is supplying increasing amounts. Nonmetallic Minerals In an industrial society, along with the huge demands for iron ore and fuels, there is a large and growing demand for nonmetallic minerals. A prime example of the need for these materials is housing - industrial, com- mercial, urban residential, rural, and many other specialized kinds. Materials used in housing the industrial plant include brick or concrete, haydite, hollow tile, corrugated or sheet steel for outer walls and roofs, glass block, windows, and many similar materials. Commercial housing includes banks, offices, retail stores, and whole- sale houses and all other structures essential to manufacturing, selling, dis- tributing, and financing. Here brick, dimension stone, cement and cement ag- gregates, plate glass, glass block, asphalt, and steel are the principal con- struction materials. Insulating materials such as asbestos, magnesium, gyp- sum, glass wool, and rock wool also are used. Urban residential housing has become important because of the phenom- inal growth of large cities in an industrial economy. Because the amount of material required for urban housing has exceeded the lumber supply, the trend is toward the use of earth materials, particularly brick, although stone, haydite, concrete, and even steel also are used. The development of transportation equipment is characteristic of a man- ufacturing and commercial agricultural economy. Transportation needs in such an economy are infinitely complex. The production of power and steel alone calls for moving enormous tonnages of raw materials. Half the tonnage carried by railroads is of mineral origin. To this should be added the ton- nages of coal, oil, sand, gravel, stone, and cement shipped on lake and inland waterways, and shipments of oil in pipelines. Manufactured goods made of metals and minerals account for an additional 20 percent of rail carloadings. The extensive railway system has its own large mineral requirements for roadbeds and ballast, for steel and concrete structures, for railway hous- ing, depots, warehouses, etc. The internal -combustion engine and the auto- mobile stimulated the building of vast networks of highways paved with con- crete, paving brick, or asphalt on crushed stone and gravel. In a random year, highway construction required 24 million barrels of cement, 1.3 million tons of asphalt, 96 million tons of crushed stone, and 50 million tons of sand and gravel. Finally, the districts that produce raw materials - farms, mines, and quarries - are building with brick and concrete more than ever before. The role of Illinois minerals . - In addition to its important contribu- tions of coal and petroleum, Illinois makes an important contribution to the building industries. First in value of these nonmetallic minerals is stone - limestone, dolomite, cement and lime. Second in importance are the clay products - used for structural, refractory, and other purposes. Third in im- portance is sand and gravel, which includes the silica sands for glass -making and other specialized purposes. 10 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY COAL INDUSTRY Coal in 1954 The coal industry in the United States produced 392 million tons in 1954 as compared with 457 million tons in 1953, a decline of 14 percent. Prices of coal in all market categories - railroad fuels, coking coal, coal used in gen- eral manufacturing and in retail trade - declined. The decline of coal consumption in 1954 is a continuation of the decline that has been going on almost continuously since 1947. In 1947, coal con- sumption was 546 million tons; in 1954 it was 363 million tons, a drop of 34 percent. During this period some industries gained in coal consumption, others lost moderately, and several lost heavily. Details of these changes are shown in table 8. Of the several factors contributing to the decline in the use of coal, the conversion of railroad locomotive power from steam to diesel is, no doubt, the foremost. Another factor is the growing use of natural gas and fuel oil in place of coal, especially for space heating. It also is important to note that the rapid growth in the output of electric power conceals the fact of increasing efficiency of electric power production, the coal required declin- ing from 1.31 lbs. per kw-hr in 1947 to 0.99 lb. per kw-hr in 1954. The effect of these changes in consumption upon coal -producing dis- tricts varied according to the types of coal supplied by each major producing district. Pennsylvania dropped from 23 percent of the national market in 1947 to 18 percent in 1954. The output of West Virginia and eastern Kentucky, dominated by the smokeless coals and coking coals, rose from 38 percent in 1947 to 40 percent in 1954. In the Eastern Interior field, comprising the coal- 100 MILLIONS OF TONS 200 300 400 500 600 Fig. 2. - National production of bituminous coal, 1930-1954. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 11 ^ — \ "- UM0,S I INDIANA I Iff vVwonia/ f V r 3 KENTUCKY A-' Fig. 3. - The states that produced 90 percent of the nation's bituminous coal, 1954. producing districts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky, Illinois' percentage of national output remained stationary, Indiana lost, and Kentucky gained. During the 7-year period of declining markets, the coal industry has been undergoing reorganization and increasing efficiency of production. De- cline in coal demand, which is now believed to be near the bottom, has left in its wake a coal-mine capacity considerably in excess of current or antic- ipated demand. An indicated trend toward a readjustment of productive capa- city to demand is shown by reduction in number of mines and concentration of production in low -cost mines - preferably those mines that have the addition- al advantage of favorable rail or water transportation to market. Twenty- eight major coal companies had about 20 percent of national coal production in 1954 as compared to 8.5 percent in 1947. Machinery has played an impor- tant role in this increased productivity. The continuous -type miner, developed in 1948, is now being used widely in industry. The coal auger has been introduced and, under certain conditions, is proving very useful and highly productive. Roof bolting as a means of sup- porting the mine roof is proving successful and is more economical than tim- ber supports. Finally, an important contribution to mine productivity and in- creased efficiency is the over -all coordination of production operations - mining at the face, haulage, preparation, and shipment. Production in the United States The record of coal production in the United States for selected years since 1942 is shown in table 3. Preliminary figures for 1954 indicate a de- cline of about 14 percent from the 1953 level. Coal production for the United States in 1954 is estimated at 392 million tons. The states east of the Mississippi River produced about 90 percent of the nation's bituminous coal output. West Virginia leads all states with about 30 percent of the total coal produced in the United States. Other top coal- 12 ILLINOIS STATE GEOUOGICAL SURVEY INDIANA > ^ r KENTUCKY 1 f Fig. 4. - Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky coal fields and the main mining districts. producing states are Pennsylvanian, Kentucky, Illinois, and Ohio (table 3 and fig. 3). Although competition among the states is keen, there is a certain degree of market specialization, based mainly on the characteristics of their coal. The manufacture of metallurgical coke requires coal obtained primarily from a small area in the Appalachian coal province. Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and eastern Kentucky supply most of the coking coal for the coke ovens and iron works of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and the lake districts. The Upper Mississippi Valley coal market area includes Illinois, Indi- ana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, the eastern Dakotas, and Kansas. Coal for this area comes from the Eastern Interior coal field in Illinois, In- diana, and western Kentucky (table 4) and also from the Appalachian districts. Coal is distributed by rail, rail-lake, rail-river, and truck. Coal is required in the Upper Mississippi Valley for domestic heating, general industrial pur- poses, railroads, and the manufacture of metallurgical coke. Eastern Interior Basin Production of bituminous coal from the Eastern Interior coal field for selected years is shown in table 4. The production history of Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky and the contributions of each to the total production of the Eastern Interior Basin from 1913 through 1942 are shown in table 4 of Illinois Mineral Industry in 1942 (Voskuil and Stevens, 1944). Data concerning coal-mining activity in the Eastern Interior coal field from 1942 to date have been given in the annual Illinois mineral industry reports. Illinois Production Illinois produced 42 million tons of coal in 1954 and continued to con- tribute its share to the nation's coal pile by supplying a little over 10 percent of the total (Illinois' average contributions usually range between 10 and 11 percent). In 1953 over 36 percent of the coal produced in Illinois was from ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 13 j less thon 100,000 tons Totol Production 41,775,752 tons 37 counties producing ILLINOIS COUNTIES PRODUCING COAL in 1954 I 1,000,000 tons or more ^ 500,000 to 1,000,000 tons 1 100,000 to 500,000 tons 40 SOMil«» Fig. 5. - Illinois coal production by counties, 1954. strip mines. However, during 1954 strip mines in Illinois produced 39 percent of the total production. Table 5 gives cumulative coal production for Illinois, by counties, for the period 1882 to 1954, as compiled from the annual Coal Reports of the De- partment of Mines and Minerals, and an estimate of production for the period 1833 to 1881. Also shown is the last year of known coal production for any county that has ceased production. Seventy counties have recorded production and 11 of them have produced more than 100 million tons each (fig. 6). Frank- lin County has the highest recorded production with a total of over 467 million tons. Table 5 also shows the total number of years each county in Illinois has ! produced coal between 1882 and 1954. A history of coal production by counties and by years was published as table 14 in Illinois Mineral Industry in 1947 p(Voskuil, 1949). 14 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Fig. 6. - Illinois counties that produced 100 million tons of coal each, 1882-1954. Production by counties . - During 1954, 37 counties in Illinois produced a total of almost 42 million tons of coal. Twelve of the counties produced one million or more tons each and as a group accounted for nearly 90 percent of the state total. Table 6 gives, in some detail, information concerning the type of coal mines in each county and the production from each group. Table 7, which is a summary of the 1953 Illinois coal production, indicates that the av- erage value of Illinois coal was $3.95 per ton, according to the United States Bureau of Mines. Therefore, the final value of all coal produced in Illinois in 1953 amounted to about 182 million dollars. Exports The United States exported in 1954 a total of 3 1 million tons of coal. This total was distributed as follows: to Canada, 15.9 million tons; Latin America, 1.5; Europe, 10.5; Asia, 3.0; and other areas, 0.1. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 15 Fig. 7. - Degree -day map of Illinois and adjacent region. An export market to Europe, a post- World War II development, may be- come a permanent part of the American coal industry. The inability of the British coal industry to meet domestic requirements and its commitments to neighboring European nations have necessitated the purchase of American coal and may continue to do so. A similar condition exists in West Germany, the other large coal-producing country outside the Russian orbit; it is barely able to meet the coal needs of western Europe. Three million tons of coal have been 16 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY shipped to Japan, which formerly imported coal from Manchuria. United States exports of bituminous coal are shown in table 9. Degree-days Degree -days are the number of degrees of temperature that the average temperature for each day falls below 65 °F. These data totaled for each heat- ing season and averaged over a long period give a reliable guide to the fuel needs of the locality. Because of the close relationship between the number of degree-days accumulated during the heating season and the quantity of fuel consumed, a degree-day map of Illinois showing degree-day figures is useful in estimating domestic fuel consumption (fig. 7). COKE INDUSTRY The iron and steel industry of Illinois uses large quantities of coke in the iron blast furnaces to reduce iron ore to a free metal. Coke is produced when coal is heated to a high temperature to drive off moisture and volatile matter. There remains a solid sponge-like residue which, because it has a large surface area, burns readily and produces the high temperature necessary to smelt iron ore. The cost of fuel is an important item in the production of pig iron, as very large amounts are required to smelt the ore. The coal from which coke is made is found mainly in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and Alabama. For Illinois iron makers, this means that the cost of the coal used in making coke is high because of the freight rate from Eastern states. The prep- aration of coke in the coke oven is costly, which further increases the price of coke at the blast furnace. All this leads to investigation of ways of making coke from coal that up to the present time has not been considered suitable for coke. Iron and steel mills in the Chicago district spend about $170 million each year to buy 15 mil- lion tons of coal to make coke. Most of this coal is now purchased from Appa- lachian coal-producing districts. The problem of treating Illinois coal to con- vert it into a coke suitable for use in the blast furnace is being actively inves- tigated. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 17 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY The value of petroleum produced in Illinois in 1954 exceeded the value of the coal output. Together these two fuel minerals accounted for about 70 percent of the value of the mineral output of the State. In the case of petrole- um, this is only part of the story because the refining industry converts crude oil into more valuable products such as gasoline, kerosene, heating oils, and lubricants, thus boosting the value of the original crude oil production. Economic Implications of Oil The popularity of the automobile in the United States is probably the most important economic fact in the petroleum industry, for upon it depends the em- ployment and livelihood of millions of workers and their families. Today's automobile could not be operated without the highly specialized and carefully manufactured gasoline fuel from crude petroleum. Automobiles, trucks, and busses use more than one billion barrels of gasoline each year, the equivalent of about one -half of the total crude oil produced in the United States. The making of motor cars requires about 15 percent of the steel output of the iron industry. Also, a large amount of plate glass, rubber tires, stor- age batteries, upholstery textiles, paints, and lacquers are needed in manu- facturing six million or more cars each year. Construction activities also are stimulated by the use of motor cars. This involves a huge highway -building program entailing cement manufacture, sand, gravel and stone quarrying on a large scale, the preparation of roadbeds, and the assembly of road-building materials. In addition to these activities, the automobile user sets in motion a whole series of service organizations - garages, sales agencies, filling sta- tions, tourist hotels and motels, etc. Altogether, economic activity accounting for 10 to 12 percent of national productivity and employment is based on the automobile . The introduction of the gasoline -powered tractor has brought about far- reaching changes in agriculture, especially in Illinois and surrounding states. Fig. 8.,- Illinois production of crude petroleum, 1905-1954. 18 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ."K 1 i? j? 1 |_ — r h- h- r A • •» ««Jy w f# • • .2 • • •. • i i-*V -p^r - • i. V ,. J .«' |v>^ ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Fig. 9.1 - New oil pools discovered in Illinois in 1954. 1. Baldwin 2. Bone Gap West 3. Cooks Mills East 4. Decatur North 5. Dubois Central 6. Dudleyville East 7. Edinburg West 8. Eldorado Central 9. Eldorado North 10. Elliottstown East 1 1. Harco 12. Harristown 13. Hill East 14. Iola Central 15. Mt. Auburn Central 16. Mt. Auburn East 17. New City 18. New Hebron East 19. New Memphis North 20. Norris City 21. Oakley 22. Old Ripley 23. Passport West 24. Posey West 25. Schnell East 26. Staunton West ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 19 Fig. 10. - Sources of United States crude petroleum imports, 1954. As a result of the farmer's investment in machinery and equipment, the out- put of farm labor has been boosted greatly. Since 1940, for example, the total production of corn and other feed grains has increased about one -fifth, the man-hours used to produce them have been reduced by more than one -half, and the output of feed grains per man-hours has increased nearly threefold. Another result of mechanization of agriculture has been the release of many acres of Midwestern land for food production. For example, the number of tractors on farms increased from 43,000 in 1925 to 235,000 in 1950 while horses on farms declined from 209,000 to 85,000. The land hitherto set aside for feeding horses is now available for food production. The change in railway locomotive power in the last 15 years has been very marked indeed. During the period between 1940 and 1955 diesel-electric locomotives increased from 850 to more than 25,000 while steam locomotives decreased from 40,000 to less than 10,000. The consumption of fuel for diesel locomotives rose to 3.2 billion gallons of oil while coal railroad fuel, which had reached a high level of 139 million tons in 1944, fell to 17 million tons in 1954. The Petroleum Industry in 1954 Oil production in the United States in 1954 was about at the level of 1953 but Illinois production in 1954 was nearly 13 percent above that of the previous year. This is the first year production has increased since the peak year of 1940 when 147 million barrels of oil were produced. An important step to- ward increasing oil production in Illinois was the development of secondary recovery methods. Secondary recovery by means of water flooding began in 1944 and has been increasing each year. In 1954, 23 percent of oil produc- tion in the State was credited to secondary recovery. 20 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY How Much Oil Do We Have? Oil is unlike coal or some of the metal ores in that the known reserve is only a few years ahead of annual requirements. Continual exploration for oil and discovery of new fields is an established part of the oil industry. It is the practice of the industry each year to make a survey of the amount of oil reserve that has been proved and can be produced under present conditions of price and production practices. Each year, therefore, a table is prepared showing the oil reserves in each state. This figure must not be misunder- stood. It does not mean that all the oil in a state or in the nation has been discovered. It merely means that the figure given is the known amount of oil on a given date. It is something like a bank balance which gives only the bank deposit on a given date to which amounts are added or withdrawn from day to day. The known reserves of crude oil in Illinois and other states for the year ending December 31, 1954, are given in table 15. Natural Gas Reserves Estimated natural gas reserves in Illinois are somewhat higher in 1954 than they were in 1953. However, natural gas in Illinois is a minor source of fuel supply. This is shown by comparing estimated reserves in Illinois with those of Kansas, Texas, and Louisiana, the principal suppliers of natural gas consumed in Illinois (table 16). The statistical position of natural gas in Illi- nois, as reported by the American Gas Association, is given in table 17. Illinois Oil Production and Developments The production of crude petroleum in Illinois and other states for 1954 and earlier is given in table 12. Illinois is eighth among oil-producing states. A history of oil production and drilling activity since the new fields were discovered is given in table 13. Illinois fields producing more than one million barrels of oil during 1954 are given in table 14. Figure 9 shows the new fields discovered in 1954. Illinois production is graphically illustrated in figure 8. The sharp production rise reflects the opening of the Illinois Basin in 1936. Crude oil prices for Illinois and adjacent portions of Indiana and Kentucky are shown in table 19. Although there were no major oil pool developments in 1954, there was a 13 percent increase in output of oil over the 1953 production. Fracture treatment of wells has been an important factor in the increased production. About 70 percent of all successful wells drilled in Illinois in 1954 were frac- ture-treated. This method of oil-well treatment has also been used exten- sively on worked-over wells, some of which were previously reported as dry holes. Of the increase of 7.9 million barrels of oil produced in 1954, it is es- timated that 3 million barrels is increased recovery by water flooding. Crude Oil Imports A review of the United States crude-oil imports for the years 1950 to 1954 is given in table 20. As indicated in this table, Venezuela is the fore- most supplier of our imported crude oil. Imports are also coming from Co- lombia, Mexico, Iraq, the Persian Gulf, and Sumatra. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 21 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS INDUSTRY Industrial Minerals in Illinois Limestone and dolomite are the most important stone products in Illi- nois. These materials are useful in construction, highway building, railway roadbeds, agriculture, metallurgy, the chemical industry, lime manufacture, and for several minor uses. The use of limestone and dolomite for correcting soil acidity on Illinois farms and improving soil tilth is a long -established practice and one that ex- tends over most of the farming areas of the State. The total amount used has been near 5 million tons in some years and in recent years has been about 3 million tons. In general, limestone producers in Illinois have been well placed geo- graphically to supply this demand. In the northern tier of Illinois counties, particularly intheDriftless Area, there are a large number of stone outcrops, which are being quarried by many small stone producers to supply local mar- kets. In northeastern Illinois, which includes the Chicago district and environs to the south and west, there are a number of large producing companies that ship stone by rail and truck to local markets as well as to more -distant points in Illinois. In the area around and immediately below East St. Louis, there are a number of large commercial stone producers with markets for stone in the fertile farming area outside the St. Louis industrial district as well as eastward in south-central Illinois. In western Illinois, in the counties that border the Mississippi River, limestone and dolomite are produced in ample quantities for local needs. Counties usually producing one million tons of limestone and dolomite annually for all purposes are: Cook, Kankakee, Randolph, St. Clair, and Will. Problems of the Agstone Industry The use of agricultural limestone on farms has declined from the high peak reached in 1947. Among the reasons given for this decline are decline in farm income, prolonged drouth, and saturation of limestone needs. Farm income in the period from 1947 to 1954, on a national basis, follows: Income Year (billions of dollars) 1947 14.5 1948 16.7 1949 12.7 1950 13.3 1951 16.0 1952 14.2 1953 12.2 1954 11.9 Although farm income in 1954 was only 75 percent of the 1951 income, it does not necessarily follow that decrease in agstone use is directly related 22 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY to the decline in farm income. One should also consider the alternative use of the farmer's dollar for other types of soil fertilizers. The application of limestone to soils, especially in Illinois, is a well-established practice. The use of fertilizers carrying nitrogen, phosphorous, potash, or all three of these plant foods is of relatively recent origin but is spreading rapidly. This raises problems in maintaining soil productivity. If properly handled and intelligent- ly applied, the use of fertilizers increases crop yields. It also increases the draft upon the plant foods of the soil, including calcium and magnesium. More over, the use of such nitrogen-carrying materials as anhydrous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate increase soil acidity. Under cer- tain conditions, plant food materials enter into virtually insoluble combina- tions with iron and aluminum and are thereby unavailable for plant food. This can be avoided by keeping the soil nonacid. Soil management for high produc- tivity and conservation of fertility requires, therefore, an increase in lime- stone application along with the increase in phosphorous, nitrogen, or potash. The program of supplying limestone to farms is supported, in part, by the Federal government. This, in effect, establishes the policy that the pub- lic has an interest in soil conservation. Although agricultural limestone con- sumption in Illinois has been decreasing since 1947, it is not because the soil is adequately limed. Informed opinion among agronomists is that only about one -half of Illinois farms have enough lime. Some of this unlimed land is in permanent pasture upon which farmers generally do not apply limestone. Large areas of available land, however, remain inadequately limed, and there is a need of demonstrating unequivocally that investment in limestone is more than returned in larger production. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 23 FLUORSPAR INDUSTRY The fluorspar deposits of greatest commercial importance in the United States are situated along the Ohio River in southern Illinois and western Ken- tucky, and in an area extending from northeastern Colorado to southwestern New Mexico. Those in the Illinois -Kentucky district have been among the largest in the world and have been in production continuously since 1880. A large number of the fluorspar -producing operations in the Illinois - Kentucky area have been owned and operated by small companies or individ- uals with limited capital, but most of the large producers also have operations in the district. Over the years the surface deposits generally have become exhausted, and at the present time most mining in that area requires shaft sinking and underground mining. Furthermore, whereas formerly much of the mine output was marketed with a minimum of processing, virtually all fluorspar ore mined now in the Illinois -Kentucky district requires mechani- cal milling. These factors have tended to increase the cost of producing fluor- spar in the district. Reversing the trend of recent years, the fluorspar industry sustained a major setback in 1954, with domestic output at the lowest level since 1949. Prices dropped sharply after the spring of 1954. Depressed market conditions resulted in curtailment of operations of several domestic mines, and others were shut down completely. Metallurgical-grade fluorspar producers were the hardest hit segment of the industry. Consumption by the steel industry was 196,000 tons compar- ed to 288,000 tons in 1953. Withdrawal of fluorspar from stocks by steel com- panies also brought about a reduction in purchases. Consumption of acid-grade fluorspar in 1954 was at about the same level as in 1953 - 225 million tons. For the first time fluorspar for the manufac- ture of hydrofluoric acid exceeded the amount used by the steel industry. This was brought about primarily by the increased requirements of the aluminum industry for synthetic cryolite, aluminum fluoride, and other fluorine chemi- cals. Domestic output of ceramic -grade fluorspar, used principally in the glass and enamel industries, declined. Also, new competition from Mexican and European suppliers in this market intensified the competitive situation. Tariffs . - Producers, concerned over the greatly increased volume of imports in the past few years, pressed action for a revision of the fluorspar tariffs during 1954. The Tariff Commission initiated a study of production, trade, imports, and consumption of fluorspar in the United States and the ef- fect of the present tariff status on the domestic industry. In August 1954, the General Services Administration announced that it had been authorized l?y the Office of Defense Mobilization to buy metallurgi- cal-grade fluorspar for the national stockpile; no purchases had been made by the end of the year. The Internal Revenue Code of 1954 increased the depletion allowance ap- plicable to domestic fluorspar from 15 percent to 23 percent. Present investigations . - Study of the stratigraphy, structure, and areal geology of the fluorspar district in Hardin and Pope counties by the Illinois Geological Survey, with stratigraphic service to the major mining companies, 24 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1948 Hffi : 5 t : :S : :!)5ffi : 5 H$£ : 5 WB : 5 WM 6 Bm 7 B?$5 STEEL Ipffl CERAMICS HYDROFLUORIC ACID | | OTHER Fig. 11. - Percentage consumption of fluorspar by industries, 1948-1954., small operators, and prospectors was continued during 1954. Geologists of the major companies ask for identification of formations in unfamiliar terri- tory, and the small operators depend largely on this service as a basis for directing exploratory drilling. The major problem, finding mineralized faults, is dependent largely on recognition of stratigraphic key beds in cores and out- crops. The ore body discovered near Sparks Hill, in a hitherto unprospected area, received considerable attention from the Survey. The operations are in a new area of fluorspar mining, and drilling has indicated ore at intervals along the northeast -trending fault zone for a distance of 4,000 feet. It appears that a major vein has been discovered in a hitherto unproductive portion of the county. Illinois Production During 1953, Illinois maintained its rank as the foremost producer of fluorspar in the United States by supplying about 51 percent of the nation's total domestic shipments (table 25). The next largest producer of fluorspar among the states during 1953 was Colorado, with an output of about 17 percent of the nation's total. The average price of Illinois fluorspar shipped from mines has shown a steady increase since the year 1948 when the price was $36.64 per ton. The average price for Illinois fluorspar in 1953 was $52.46 per ton, compared to the national average of $49.48 per ton. The fluorspar industry in the Illinois -Kentucky district has in the past provided employment in mine and mill for about 1,500 men. The severe de- cline in fluorspar demand beginning in 1953 and continuing in 1954 brought about a decline of employees in the district to 728 in December 1954 and an average of 833 employees for the year. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 25 Imports During 1954, United States imports of fluorspar for domestic consump tion were 294,742 tons, exceeding domestic output by 19 percent. Table 27 shows that nearly half of the imported material came from Mexico. Other countries furnishing imports of sizable quantities included Italy, Spain, Ger- many, and Canada. 26 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 1. - Summary of Illinoj 1952*, c Line No. Material Detail table Unit Quantity Value at plants Total Av. 1 Coal - bituminous 6 tons 45,752,600 $187,585,600 I4.K 2 Petroleum Crude oil 13 bbls. 60,071,000 166,397,000 2.71 3 4 Natural gas - marketed Natural gas - used in fields M cu. ft. M cu. ft. 10,183,000 12,081,000 1,650,000 1,447,000 0.1* 0.12 5 6 7 8 Natural gasoline Liquefied petroleum] gases Stone, rock products Limestone and dolomite 21 bbls. tons 2,790,000 22,606,000 7,015,000 176,509,000 28,835,300 2.53 1.2} 9 Cement - bbls. 9,042,260 21,663,400 2.4C 10 Lime - tons 460,775 5,917,000 12.8/ 11 - 56,415,700 « 12 Clay products 22 - - 43,351,400 - 13 Sand and gravel Sand 23 tons 6,822,660 4,924,600 0.72 H Gravel 23 tons 8,758,635 6,253,800 0.71 15 Special sands 24 - - 8,675,600 - 16 - 19,854,000 - 17 Fluorspar 26 tons 188,300 9,481,200 50.35 18 Metals Zinc _ tons 18,816 6,246,900 332.0C 19 Lead - tons 4,262 1,372,400 322. OC 20 Silver - fine oz. 3,781 3,400 0.9C 21 - 7,622,700 - 22 Annual mineral pro- duction $500,819,600 * Revised figures. * Compiled from various sources; see footnotes in detail tables, Preliminary or estimated figures, Subject to revision. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 27 ineral Production, 1952-1954* 1953 *' c 1954 b ' c Value at plants Quantity Value at plants Line Total Av. Total Av. No. 5,966,100 $181,566,200 $3.95 41,775,800 $162,925,400 $3.90 1 171,586,000 2.91 66,940,000 200,820,000 3.00 2 1,559,400 0.168 8,700,000 1,505,000 0.173 3 1,738,000 0.127 13,900,000 1,807,000 0.130 4 9,293,000 2.35 4,400,000 10,560,000 2.40 _J~5 {: 184,176,400 - - 214,692,000 - 7 27,300,000 1.24 16,000,000 19,802,000 1.24 8 23,114,000 2.54 9,200,000 23,460,000 2.55 9 6,987,000 13.44 532,050 7,420,800 13.95 10 57,401,000 - - 50,682,800 - 11 46,160,400 - - 47,202,600 - 12 5,108,500 0.74 6,316,700 4,739,500 0.75 13 6,166,200 0.76 9,958,000 7,707,300 0.77 U 8,703,200 - - 10,008,300 - 15 19,977,900 - - 22,455,100 - 16 i.63,300 8,567,000 52.46 106,825 5,926,860 55.48 17 14,556 3,173,200 218.00 13,954 3,097,800 222.00 18 3,391 902,000 266.00 2,624 713,700 272.00 19 2,338 2,100 0.905 814 740 0.905 20 4,077,300 - - 3,812,240 - 21 $501,926,200 $507,697,000 22 28 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 2. - Value of Illinois Mineral Production, 1915-1954 a (thousands of dollars) Year Mineral production 1915 $114,446 16 146,360 17 234,736 IS 271,244 19 213,701 1920 373,926 21 254,019 22 244,618 23 282,761 24 235,7% 1925 231,658 26 237,242 27 180,394 28 188,099 29 182,791 1930 US, 311 31 108,066 32 71,693 33 74,837 34. 89,212 * Revised figures. a P.rmrrv* 1oH fSvnn •PrtT Year Mineral production 1935 96,484 36 117,916 37 133,437 38 130,155 39 215,157 1940 287,327 41 333,225 42 341,835 43 337,912 44 342,832 1945 344,267 46 379,673 47 458,734 48 567,624 49 487,808 1950 539,236 51 542,031* 52 500,820* 53 501,926* 54 507,697 b Compiled from following sources: For years 1915-1922 - U.S. Geol. Survey, Mineral Resources of United States. For years 1923-1931 - U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Resources of United States. For years 1932-1938 - U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks. For years 1939-1954 - Summary of canvass made by Illinois Geol. Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines, and from Minerals Yearbooks. Preliminary figures. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 29 Table 3. Total National Production of Bituminous Coal a (thousands of tons) State 1942 1947 1952 1953* 1954 b of 1954 total Alabama 19,301 19,048 11,383 12,532 9,900 2.52 Alaska 261 361 686 861 660 .17 Arkansas 1,985 1,871 873 775 600 .15 Colorado 8,086 6,358 3,623 3,575 2,900 .74 Illinois 65,071 67,860 45,790 46,010 42,000 10.71 Indiana 25,388 25,449 16,350 15,812 13,010 3.32 Iowa 2,948 1,684 1,381 1,388 1,315 .34 Kansas 4,230 2,745 2,029 1,715 1,480 .38 Kentucky 62,231 84,241 66,114 65,060 60,045 15.32 Maryland 2,001 2,051 588 531 375 .10 Missouri 3,520 4,236 2,955 2,393 2,230 .57 Montana 3,829 3,178 2,070 1,873 1,520 .39 New Mexico 1,669 1,443 760 514 200 .05 North Dakota 2,537 2,760 2,984 2,803 2,780 .71 Chio 32,764 37,548 36,209 34,737 30,150 7.69 Oklahoma 2,387 3,421 2,193 2,168 1,800 .46 Pennsylvania 144,073 147,079 89,181 93,331 71,550 18.25 Tennessee 8,158 6,258 5,265 5,467 6,700 1.71 Utah 5,517 7,429 6,140 6,544 5,560 1.42 Virginia 20,136 20,171 21,579 19,119 17,800 4.54 Washington 1,953 1,118 844 690 640 .16 West Virginia 155,882 176,157 141,713 134,105 116,000 29.59 Wyoming 8,133 8,051 6,088 5,245 2,735 .70 Other states 633 107 43 42 50 .01 582,693 630,624 466,8a 457,290 392,000 100.00 Revised figures. Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. Preliminary figures. Table 4. - Production of Bituminous Coal in the Eastern Interior Coal Field (thousands of tons) Year Illinois Indiana Western Kentucky Total Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent tonnage 1942 65,071 62.6 25,388 24.4 13,431 13.0 103,890 1947 67,860 58.8 25,449 22.0 22,182 19.2 115,491 1952 45,790 55.0 16,350 19.6 21,182 25.4 83,322 1953* 46,010 55.4 15,812 19.0 a, 313 25.6 83,135 1954 c 42,000 54.2 •es. 13,010 17.0 22,450 28.8 77,460 * Revised figu] a Source: U.S. , Bureau of Mines. b Percentage of total in Eastern Interior coal field. 30 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 5. - Illinois Coal Pro- Total Total years Last year County production of of (in tons) production production Adams 46,186 15 1942 Bond 7,355,569 57 1942 Brown 57,324 34 1950 Bureau 48, 973, 061 70 1954 Calhoun 96,247 27 1912 Cass 212,477 53 1941 Christian 210,762,255 70 1954 Clark 3,252 1 1954 Clinton 38,253,539 73 1954 Coles 198,932 6 1888 Crawford 44,786 13 1942 Douglas 1,147,028 9 1954 Edgar 915,698 41 1952 Effingiam 796 1 1890 Franklin 467,432,754 56 1954 Pulton 174,185,859 73 1954 Gallatin 4,690,770 70 1954 Greene 627,244 71 1954 Grundy 40,191,183 73 1954 Hamilton 22,097 16 1905 Hancock 639,687 68 1954 Hardin 40 1 1890 Henry 21,890,447 73 1954 Jackson 82,020,800 73 1954 Jasper 23,739 11 1939 Jefferson 11,662,203 51 1954 Jersey 120,350 59 1951 Johnson 242,109 51 1939 Kankakee 5,709,246 35 1954 Knox 27,403,771 73 1954 LaSalle 65,516,943 73 1954 Livingston 10,099,627 73 1954 Logan U, 234, 242 70 1954 Macon 11,000,468 65 1947 Macoupin 260,965,465 73 1954 McDonou^i 2,634,903 69 1951 McLean 5,544,139 47 1928 Madison 157,372,746 73 1954 Marion 38,949,313 73 1954 Marshall 12, 516, HI 70 1951 Source: Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals . ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 duction toy Counties, 1882-1954 a Total Total years Last year County production of of (in tons) production production Menard 13,339,460 73 1954 Mercer 14,998,922 69 1952 Monroe 8,284 13 1941 Montgomery 82,934,986 73 1954 Morgan 190,787 64 1951 Moultrie 2,032,236 16 1924 Peoria 65,736,889 73 1954 Perry 160,627,621 73 1954 Pike 5,081 8 1942 Pope 1,562 11 1938 Putnam 10,071,893 29 1938 Randolph 67,729,690 73 1954 Richland 154 1 1890 Rock Island 3,846,169 67 1948 St. Clair 222,938,976 73 1954 Saline 187,700,872 73 1954 Sangamon 232,467,714 73 1954 Schuyler 2,953,581 72 1954 Scott 612,476 61 1942 Shelter 4,119,763 67 1950 Stark 1,227,280 69 1952 Tazewell 17,628,525 73 1954 Vermilion 149,948,757 73 1954 Wabash 186,144 29 1943 Warren 685,466 73 1954 Washington 17,753,942 73 1954 White 1,676,741 36 1940 Will 36,680,206 73 1954 Williamson 299,446,019 73 1954 Woodford 7,810,160 70 1951 Total (1882-1954) 3,329,123,792 Estimated production (1833-1881) .... 73,386,123 Total production (1833-1954) 3,402,509,915 31 32 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 6. - Production and Value of Coal! TotaL value b all coal Shipping mines County Number of mines Tons mined underground Tons mined strip Total tons mined Bureau Christian Clark Clinton Douglas $2,725,960 21,075,932 12,683 469, 014 976,482 1 3 1 1 5,404,085 55,857 250,380 698,964 698, %i 5,404,08! 55,851 250,38( Franklin Pulton Gallatin Greene Grundy 16,854,922 19,335,868 374,287 11,700 54,448 6 8 4,321,775 28,907 4,819,256 4,321,77! 4,848,16: Hancock Henry Jackson Jefferson Kankakee 91,728 113,931 4,286,377 6,159,254 3,256,129 1 4 1 1 23,821 485,831 1,579,296 604,927 834,905 23,82] 1,090,756 1,579,296 834,90? Knox LaSalle Livingston Logan Macoupin 7,062,760 55,080 16,240 127,128 1,962,254 4 3 3,304 503, 142 1,778,828 1,782,132 503,142 Madison Marion Menard Montgomery Peoria 3,881,132 270,590 53,574 6,242,792 1,657,531 3 1 1 989,125 69,382 1,600,716 - 989,125 69,382 1,600,716 Perry Randolph St. Clair Saline Sangamon 12,828,250 6,383,637 11,091,850 8,465,407 414,402 8 4 7 7 1,416,011 837,711 1,488,763 1,563,702 1,869,974 793,129 797,926 576,612 3,285,985 1,630,840 2,286,689 2,140,314 Schuyler Tazewell Vermilion Warren Washington 88,257 36,387 3,171,811 3,420 73,929 2 1 42,849 10,537 720,373 763,222 10,537 Will Williamson 527,206 22,713,081 1 18 3,954,530 135,181 1,758,003 135,181 5,712,533 Total $162,925,433 87 24*629,724' 15,388,078 40,017,802 a Source: Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals. b Average value for Illinois coal, f.o.b. mine, estimated at $3.90 per ton, 1954 ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 33 -om Illinois Mines, by Counties, 1954 Local L mines County totals umber Tons mined Tons mined Total tons Number Total tons Percent of mines underground strip mined of mines mined State total _ - - - 1 698,964 1.67 - - - - 3 5,404,085 12.93 1 - 3,252 3,252 1 3,252 _ 1 64,403 - 64,403 2 120,260 0.29 - — - - 1 250,380 0.60 _ - - - 6 4,321,775 10.34 18 47,088 62,664 109,752 26 4,957,915 11.86 7 95,971 - 95,971 7 95,971 0.23 1 - 3,000 3,000 1 3,000 _ 2 7,106 6,855 13,961 2 13,961 0.03 1 - 23,520 23,520 1 23,520 0.06 1 5,392 - 5,392 2 29,213 0.07 3 1,212 7,101 8,313 7 1,099,071 2.63 - - - - 1 1,579,296 3.78 - - - - 1 834,905 2.00 1 28,832 - 28,832 5 1,810,964 4.33 7 10,178 3,945 14,123 7 14,123 0.03 2 - 4,164 4,164 2 4,164 0.01 1 32,597 - 32,597 1 32,597 0.08 - - - - 3 503, 142 1.20 1 6,037 - 6,037 4 995,162 2.38 - - - - 1 69,382 0.17 5 13,737 - 13,737 5 13,737 0.03 - - - - 1 1,600,716 3.83 L6 53,267 371,7a 425,008 16 425,008 1.02 3 3,310 — 3,310 11 3,289,295 7.87 2 5,990 - 5,990 6 1,636,830 3.91 9 63,494 493,881 557,375 16 2,844,064 6.80 5 7,360 22,943 30,303 12 2,170,617 5.20 4 106,257 - 106,257 4 106,257 0.26 4 15,876 6,754 22,630 4 22,630 0.05 1 9,330 - 9,330 1 9,330 0.02 9 23,079 26,984 50,063 11 813,285 1.95 1 877 — 877 1 877 - 1 8,419 - 8,419 2 18,956 0.05 - _ mm m, 1 135,181 0.32 2 110,684 650 111,334 30 5,823,867 14.00 9 720,496 1,037,454 1,757,950 206 41,775,752 100.00 34 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 7. - Summary of Amount and Value of Coal Produced in Illinois, 1953 a 1953 35 producing counties Type of mine Number of mines Net tons produced Percent of total tons Av. value $3.95* per ton Strip mines Shipping 29 15,495,734 33.7 $61,208,100 Local Ak 1,184,602 2.6 4,679,200 Total 73 16,680,336 36,3 65,887,300 Underground mines Shipping 68 28,351,587 61.7 111,988,800 Local _91 934,191 2.0 3,690,100 Total 159 29,285,778 63.7 115,678,900 Grand total 232 45,966, 114 100.0 $181,566,200 * Revised figure. a Source: Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals. D U.S. Bureau of Mines average value for Illinois coal f.o.b. mine, Table 8. - National Consumption of Bituminous Coal a Consumer Electric power utilities Coke ovens Beehive coke ovens Steel and rolling mills Cement mills Other industrial Railroads (Class I) Bunker fuel Retail deliveries Total Amount used (thousands of tons) 1947 1953* 1954° 1954 percent change from 1947 86,009 112,283 115,235 +34.0 94,325 104,648 84,394 -10.5 10,475 8,226 894 -91.5 10,048 6,207 4,944 -51.0 7,938 8,362 8,153 + 2.7 126,948 97,437 78,953 -37.8 109,296 27,735 17,370 -84.1 1,689 605 427 -74.7 99,163 61,295 52,616 -46.9 545,891 426,798 362,986 -33.5 * Revised figures. * Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. Preliminary figures. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 35 Table 9, United States Exports of Bituminous Coal* (thousands of tons) Amount Year Amount 1945 27,956.2 1946* 41, 197.4. 194.7 68,667.0 1948 4-5,930.1 194-9 27,842.1 Year 1950 1951* 1952 1953* 1954 b * Revised figures. a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. b Preliminary figure. 25,468.4 56,721.5 47,643.2 33,760.3 31,027.9 Table 10. - Coke and By- Products Used or Sold by- Producers in Illinois 8, Coke produced (M tons) Coal used (M tons) Coal per ton of coke (tons) Yield of coke (percent of coal used) Coke breeze recovered (M tons) Number of plants, end of year Number of ovens, end of year Capacity (M tons) Coke used by producers in blast furnaces (M tons) Other coke and breeze used by producers (M tons) Coke and breeze sold by producers (M tons) Total coke and breeze used or sold ^-products used or sold Total coke and by-products used or sold Quantity 2,248 3,209 1.43 70.05 171 8 711 3,071 1,890 180 395 2,465 1954 Value at plants Thousands of dollars $38,970 32,187 737 32,313 1,689 6,276 40,278 9,970 50,248 Average $17.33 10.03 U.32 4.31 17.10 a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Table 11, Source Illinois Kentucky Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Total Sources of Coal Used for Producing Coke in Illinois 8, (tons) 1953 1954 405,344 266,372 2,112,243 1,394,558 20,118 13,124 156,100 120,719 2,353,4^5 1,227,080 5,047,300 3,021,853 a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, 36 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 12. - Production of Crude Petroleum ty State s a (thousands of barrels) State Alabama 1%2 1947 396 1952 1,279 1953* 1,694 1954 b 1,584 of 1954 total Arkansas 26,628 29,948 29,440 29,681 29,206 1.3 California 248,326 333,132 359,450 365,085 355,779 15.4 Colorado 2,199 15,702 30,381 36,402 41,052 1.8 Florida - 259 591 543 548 - Illinois 106,391 66,459 60,089 59,026 66,998 2.9 Indiana 6,743 6,095 12,037 12,823 11,204 0.5 Kansas 97,636 105,132 114,807 114,566 119,317 5.1 Kentucky 4,534 9,397 11,918 11,518 13,791 0.6 Louisiana 115,785 160,128 243,929 256,632 246,093 10.6 Michigan 21,754 16,215 13,251 12,285 12,027 0.5 Mississippi 28,833 34,925 36,310 35,620 33,591 1.4 Montana 8,074 8,742 9,606 11,920 13,687 0.6 Nebraska 1,237 229 2,660 6,344 7,423 0.3 New Mexico 31,544 40,926 58,681 70,441 75,200 3.2 New York 5,421 4,762 4,242 3,800 3,257 0.2 North Dakota - - 1,549 5,183 5,979 0.3 Ohio 3,543 3,108 3,350 3,610 3,829 0.2 Oklahoma 140,690 141,019 190,435 202,570 186,349 8.1 Pennsylvania 17,779 12,690 11,233 10,649 9,107 0.4 Texas 483,097 820,210 1,022,139 1,019,164 981,722 42.4 Utah - - 1,737 1,807 1,873 0.1 West Virginia 3,574 2,617 2,602 3,038 2,902 0.1 Wyoming 32,812 44,772 68,074 82,618 93,633 4.0 Other states 45 124 1,386,645 1,856,987 ires. 3. Bureau of Mines, figures. 46 2,289,836 63 2,357,082 172 2,316,323 - Total 100.0 * Revised figi a Source: U.J b Preliminary ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 37 Table 13. - • Illinois Well Completions and Production a Year Completions Producing wells 1 ^ Production (thousands of , barrels) New fields 1 - Old fields^ Total e 1936 93 52 - - 4,445 1937 449 292 2,884 4,542 7,426 1938 2,536 2,010 19,771 4,304 24,075 1939 3,617 2,970 90,908 4,004 94,912 1940 3,755 3,080 142,969 4,678 147,647 1941 3,807 2,925 128,993 5,145 134,138 1942 2,017 1,179 101,837 4,753 106,590 1943 1,791 1,090 (20) 77,581 4,675 82,256 1944 1,991 1,229 (12) 72,946 4,467 77,413 1945 1,763 1,094 (15) 70,839 4,371 75,210 1946 2,362 1,387 (17) 70,174 5,123 75,297 1947 2,046 1,102 (22) 61,455 5,004 66,459 1943 2,489 1,316 (21) 59,623 5,185 64,808 1949 2,741 1,447 (32) 58,571 5,930 64,501 1950 2,894 1,328 (23) 55,794 6,234 62,028 1951 2,383 947 (23) 54,147 6,097 60,244 1952 2,077 854 (35) 53,727 6,344 60,071 1953 2,161 1,161 (SB) 51,924 7,101 59,025 1954 3,254 1,896 (107) 59,130 7,810 66,940 Source: Illinois Geol. Survey. Includes only oil and gas producers and dry holes. Production figures based on information furnished by oil companies and pipeline companies. Includes Devonian production at Sandoval and Bartelso. From the U.S. Bureau of Mines through 1950. Figures in parenthesis refer to the number of producing wells included in total that had previously been completed as dry holes. 38 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 14. - Illinois Fields Producing More Than One Million Barrels of Oil During 1954.' ink Field Production Percent of (thousands of bbls.) State total 1 Clay City Consol. 10, 6U 15.8 2 Southeastern field 7,413 11.1 3 Louden 6,314 9.4 4 Salem Consol. 5,4-66 8.2 5 New Harmony Consol. 4,762 7.1 6 Roland Consol. 2,073 3.1 7 Dale Consol. 1,854 2.8 8 Benton 1,755 2.6 9 Sailor Springs Consol. 1,538 2.3 .0 Albion Consol. 1,100 1.6 Total 42,889 64.0 Other fields 24,051 36.0 State total 66,940 100.0 Table 15. - Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in States Serving the Illinois Area a (millions of barrels) Percent State 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 change from 1954 Illinois 564 646 619 625 658 + 5.3 Indiana 57 51 56 62 67 + 8.1 Kansas 732 792 917 913 978 + 7.1 Louisiana 2,185 2,285 2,558 2,760 2,962 + 7.3 New Mexico 592 612 733 815 806 - 1.0 Oklahoma 1,397 1,476 1,558 1,752 1,955 + 11.6 Texas 13,582 15,315 14,916 14,999 14,982 - 0.1 Wyoming 841 973 1,065 1,279 1,304 + 2.0 a Source: American Petroleum Institute; figures as of January 1, 1955. Table 16, State Illinois Indiana Kansas Kentucky Louisiana New Ifexico Oklahoma Texas Wyoming - Estimates of Natural Gas Reserves in Illinois and Other State s a (billions of cubic feet) 1952 227 31 13,457 1,326 29,005 11,590 11,804 105,653 2,340 1953 212 37 14,194 1,314 31,452 14,039 11,765 105,733 2,321 1954 231 36 15,788 1,302 34,459 17,522 12,228 106,530 2,740 1955 254 36 15,758 1,287 36,800 17,2a 12,396 105,129 2,855 Percent change from 1954 + 9.1 a Source: American Gas Association; figures as of January 1, 1955, ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 39 Table 17. - Natural Gas Reserves in Illinois 8, (millions of cubic feet - 14.65 psia at 60° F. ) Reserves as of December 31, 1953 231,251 Extensions and revisions 33,206 Discoveries of new fields or pools 4, 048 Net change in underground storage 19,802 Net production 34,551 Total reserves, December 31, 1954 253,756 Underground storage 19,802 a Source: American Gas Association annual report for 1954. Table 18. - Gasoline Consumption in Illinois and the United States (thousands of barrels) a b 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 Illinois total 54,276 56,564 58,219 60,595 62,731 United States total 967,078 1,046,074 1,105,432 1,175,572* 1,216,674 Percentage of U.S. total consumed in Illinois 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.1 5..1 * Revised figure. a Source: American Petroleum Institute. b Preliminary figures. 40 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 19. - Crude Oil Prices at the Well* Area Illinois Eastern Illinois (Ohio Oil, 10-23-54) Illinois Basin (Ashland, 7-9-54; Gulf, 10-16-54) Illinois Basin (Magnolia, 11-20-54; Ohio Oil, 10-23-54; Pure, 10-28-54; Texaco, 11-19-54) Illinois Basin (Cities Service, Shell) Illinois (Sohio, 10-1-54, except fields below) Illinois (Sohio, 10-1-54) Dudley field Illinois (Sohio, 10-1-54) Elbridge and Stoy fields Loudon and Mattoon pools (Carter, 11-1-54) Plymouth (Ohio Oil, 10-23-54) In dollars per barrel Schedule P 2.90 2.95 3.02 2.90 2.59 Schedule 2.95 2.62 Indiana All fields and pools ^Sohio, 10-1-54) Western Indiana (Ohio Oil, 10-23-54) 2.90 Schedule P Kentucky Butler County area ( Owens boro-Ashland, 7-12-54) Owensboro area (Ashland, 7-9-54) Ragland Grade (Ashland, 7-9-54) Somerset Grade (Ashland, 7-9-54) Western Kentucky, all fields and pools, Sohio (19-1-54) 2.90 2.90 2.37 2.77 2.90 Source: National Petroleum News, December 1954. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 41 Table 20. - United States Crude Oil Imports* 1 (thousands of barrels) b Percentage Prom 1950 1951 1952 1953* 1954 b of 1954 total Canada - 463 1,116 2,527 2,565 1.1 Colombia 16,159 16,312 16,209 15,860 12,415 5.2 Iraq - - 705 2,287 2,188 1.0 Kuwait 26, 7 41 21,601 26,444 38,611 41,046 17.1 Mexico 12,307 13,862 8,483 2,897 3,018 1.3 Neutral zone - - - - 2,983 1.2 Peru - - - - 608 0.2 Qatar 116 - - 3,368 3,524 1.5 Saudi Arabia 14,650 15,900 29,407 36,668 27,819 11.6 Sumatra - - 3,640 13,969 13,705 5.7 Venezuela 107,019 107,437 121,963 120,178 128,377 53.6 Other 722 3,498 1,624 90 1,231 0.5 Total 177,714 179,073 209,591 236,455 239,479 100.0 * Revised figures. * Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines. b Preliminary figures. Table 21. - Illinois Limestone and Dolomite Production 1953 1954 a Use Agricultural Construction and paving Metallurgical Railroad ballast Other Total Tons Value Total Tons Value Total Av. Total Av. 3,725,000 $4,842,500 $1.30 2,960,000 $3,848,000 $1.30 14,250,000 16,387,500 1.15 10,900,000 13,407,000 1.23 875,000 1,400,000 1.60 250,000 370,000 1.48 1,250,000 1,250,000 1.00 780,000 889,200 1.14 1,900,000 3,420,000 1.80 1,110,000 1,287,600 1.16 22,000,000 $27,300,000 $1.24 16,000,000 $19,801,800 $1.24 Preliminary figures, subject to revision, 42 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Clay product Face brick Common brick Other structural products Clay and silica refractories Pottery and -whiteware Total Table 22. - Illinois Clay Products 1953* * Revised figures, 1952* $5,294,170 7,608,065 6,108,575 10,902,195 13,438,385 $6,922,435 6,759,425 4,670,420 11,960,100 15,848,020 1954 $8,153,255 7,160,115 4,642,150 8,744,050 18,503,060 $43,351,390 $46,160,400 $47,202,630 Preliminary figures, subject to revision, Use Silica sand Molding sand Other uses Ground silica Total silica sand Natural bonded molding sand Total special sands Table 23 • - Special Sands in Illinois 1953 1954 Tons Value Total Av. Tons Value Total Av, 1,080,000 $2,268,000 2.10 619,100 $1,500,300 $2.42 1,342,000 3,502,800 2.61 1,708,700 5,669,100 3.32 2,816,500 - 8,587,300 55,776 115, 914 2.08 $8,703,214 - 84,300 2,651,900 9,821,300 187,000 $10,008,300 2.22 a Preliminary figures. " Glass, grinding and polishing, blast, fire and furnace, engine, filter. c For abrasives, ceramics, foundry and filler from ground siliceous material, ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 43 o. C\i rH m H vO in O l> vO • i> to L> c- On f> V0 in t> C- > • • • • • • • • ■5 o o O o O o o o o £ 1 0) o o O o 8 o 8 o o O > o o o o o o o O 3 o CM c^ in CM t> ON m r^\ to •k •. •> •> •k *. & iH o o (> m 8 H H 6 nO -4- p ^* in r^ c^ 6 ^i- ^ 4 in E-i O cn, c^ i> to c^\ -4- l> o •k •» •k •v •V H r^ H -tf c> O l> CM 4» H 40> O O O 8 O 8 Q o O O O O 8 O ^5 o o O e ■P o t>- t> -4 C\J s in o c- o §8 * * •« •k •s «k, ■k •H o rH vO vO to in to in to -4- 6 o 3* 8 £ $ H to 3 CM in & in ON 55 2 •% •t •k •» •v •k •8 -4 H vO <*\ in ON NO 1 t-i H 0) % CN O O -4- CM vj- NO NO NO in > > i> to t> £> to D- in i> r- i> • 1 < • • • • • • • • • T* o O O O o o O o o & -0 Q) « § 1 o o in in o o O 8 ON o in to 5 t >H cJ H $ s NO to 8 5 T3 H c 5 e •s •s •k •k •v •k O 3 in to m i in to H m vO H s in CN, 3 £ 6 •3 (0 O #v •» «v « •k •k •k © nO -p • 11 o o •\ •k m, •k •> •k •> •> •k a) o a to to to in C*n, CM to if nO CM in in 3 8 51 C -P i* -4 in to to to ON to H ON •\ « § ^H T CO I § to § g co -P o to 1 H •H to T3 t H •H 2 3 s to -p -p o O O (D 1 fa Eh 1 Eh EH Si 0) .a 44 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY to ■ ■> o p to en o o vO to vO H O • • • • • • • i <3 Cn in CM in 3 ; 5 CM in -4- »n -4" w ^ CD P sO CM O CM en en O xf rH en O - O o c- CM v£> CM en 8 H EH in H •k en c- o H •k CM 00 CM in CD in fc o in • \0 cn m en rH en ti > • • • • • • • (D < H o to in o O vO Ph in in en CM in en ^* ft <£■ •H ^3 2 CO 5 ^ cd 00 Cn CM & O CM ^ & > v£> CM vO CM vO en H O CM CM vO en rH vO 01 $ •V •k. •> •> •k Fh CM in rH en to en if en • O in O O to vD en CM in CO 2 O Eh in -4- to -4" to en CD 1 H d •> H •k rH J •k in H ^H o in f 1 CM CO in to 8 c? ^ 9 3 S en SJ P 1 0) C rH CM m m t> «<* en CM H O •k •k •■ •k «v •k •k 2 Eh O to to t> vO vO 3 H H a) CM to -4- H H H en w Eh H en CO* • :=> CO O 1 -p ■§ CO •H £ CD +> $ CO O * J J 1 CD CD CO m CD H 1 1 -S o CD O P. 5 CO g o I u CD 4 £ * 1 CD 'U g CD $ o g CO H 5 3 ■a S3 M < Eh EH cd ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 45 o to r- to h o m o o - vO O - CM tO £> O n n »f\ "A st H 6 § St U CO CO o I 5 fo CO «H 73 O CD ■P C -H I* CD 5 O O O cm H (M rH 4 o vO O in H in rH en en H CM • H O O H to en in O cm to P cm m to »n ir\ in o o in O 1> en en in in in -sj- O F"- CM CM en CM O -4" en en CM O tH O u u tj vD rn cm en tHHd (O en J> O v£) vO >£> U> O o to d cp £&& * CSjrQ 46 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 27. - Fluorspar Imported for Consumption in the United States 1953 : * Revised figures. a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1954 Percent of Source Tons Value Tons total tons Canada 22,020 $ 706,702 34,756 11.8 France 1,164 31,472 221 - Germany 36,366 b 1,589,919 35,684 12.1 Italy 53,868 2,442,700 49,201 16.7 Mexico 190, 413 4,977,674 134,650 45.7 Spain 52,286 1,717,609 39,429 13.4 Other 5,102 85,191 801 .0.3 Total 361,219 11,551,267 294,742 100.0 Includes Netherlands , Table 28. - Fluorspar I Data for the United States (tons) Year Production Shipments from mines General Imports Consumption Total industry stocks 1942 337,000 360,316 2,151 360,800 115,429 1947 343,700 329,484 78,379 376,138 147,251 1952 345,400 331,273 359,460* 520,197 279,657 1953* 322,800 318,036 367,096 586,798 258,502 1954 248,983 244,939 318,355 478,641 179,793 * Revised figures. a Source: U.S. Bureau of Mines ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 47 DIRECTORY OF ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCERS The following pages contain lists of mineral operators (except fluor- spar and metals) reporting, as of July 1955, production for the year 1954. These lists are arranged by product and by county. The list is necessarily incomplete as several reports were received too late to be included in the list for publication. The purpose of publishing this directory is to aid consumers of mineral raw materials to locate the most convenient source of production, to answer queries of mine- and quarry-equipment manufacturers, and to give citizens of the State information about their local industries. This list will also make the general report more valuable to teachers in the public schools who are in the habit of using these reports for studies in mineral resources and conservation. LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE PRODUCERS 1954 Adams The Black & White Limestone Co., Box 87, Front & 8th St., Quincy Marblehead Lime Co., 300 W. Washington St., Chicago Menke Stone & Lime Co., 828 Vermont St., Quincy Boone Belvidere Lime Quarry, 129 West Locust St., Belvidere Brown Aber and Fry, Mt. Sterling Calhoun Paul E. Herter, Golden Ea&le Clark Casey Stone Co., Box 128, Casey Ralph E. Montgomery, Box 128, Marshall Quality Lime Co., Marshall Coles Langs Stone Quarry, Box 183, Charleston 2 Olen Humphres Stone Quarry, Ashmore Cook Consumers Co. of Illinois, 79 W. Monroe St., Chicago 3 Dolese & Shepard Co., Box 227, La Grange DuPage Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Co., 400 West First St., Elmhurst Effingham Winters Stone Quarry, Altamont Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, I listed by counties in which operation occurred. i 48 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Fulton Chipman Stone Quarry, R. D. Chipman, Farmington Greene Chester Castleberry, 120 Drummond St., White Hall Hancock The Gray Quarries, Hamilton W. F. Hanna, Nauvoo R. L. O'Neal & Sons, Carthage Hardin J. L. Bean Stone Co., Golconda P. R. Brown Stone Co., Box 355, Golconda Okerson Quarry Co., Box 226, Cave in Rock Rigsby & ^Barnard, Box 56, Cave in Rock Henderson Galbraith Stone Quarry, Raritan Olson Brothers, Box 355, Dallas City Jackson Illinois Quarry Co., Box 401, Ava Jersey Jersey -Quarry Inc., Fieldon Sievers Brothers, Fieldon Jo Daviess W. E. Broege, Warren Elmer G. Wierien & Sons, 308 South St., Galena Johnson Southern Illinois Stone Co., Box 28, Buncombe The Charles Stone Co., Cypress Kane Fox, River Stone Co., Route 2, Elgin Kankake e Bourbonnais Stone Quarry, 284 South Clinton, Bradley Lehigh Stone Co., Box 669, Kankakee Manteno Limestone Co., Box 301, Manteno Kendall Central Limestone Co., R. D. 4, Morris LaSalle Alpha Portland Cement Co., 13 South Third St., Faston, Pennsylvania Sheridan Stone Co., Box 117, Sheridan Troy Grove Stone Co., Troy Grove Utica Stone Co., Spring Valley Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 Lee Frank N. Butler Co., Franklin Grove Ward McGinnis, Route 1, Dixon Stoneridge Limestone Co., 5030 13th St., Rochelle Wilmer Gerdes Quarry, Route 2, Dixon Livingston Livingston Stone Co., Inc., Pontiac Ocoya Stone Co., Pontiac Pontiac Stone Co., Box 412, Pontiac Wagner Stone Co., Route 1, Pontiac Logan Rocky Ford Limestone Co., Route 1, Lincoln Madison C. M. Lohr, Inc., Godfrey Mississippi Lime Co. of Missouri, 7 A Iby St., Alton Reliance Whiting Co., Box 265, 16th St. & Alby St., Alton Menard Athens Stone Quarry, Route 2, Athens Mercer Independent Materials Co., Viola McDonough John McClure, Colchester McHenry Garden Prairie Stone Co., Inc., 104 South State St., Marengo Monroe Columbia Quarry Co., 1007 Washington Ave., St. Louis 1, Mis Montgomery Litchfield Stone Co., Litchfield Ogle Kutz Brothers Co., Forreston Clarence Lenstrom, Stillman Valley William Seitz, Oregon Peoria Lamar Stone Co., Princeville Trivoli Stone Co., Rural Route, Trivoli Pike Harry Lacey, Jr., Pearl Narvin O. Lumley, Kinderhook Pearl Stone Co., Pearl 49 Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. 50 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Pulaski Columbia Quarry Co., 1007 Washington Ave'., St. Louis 1, Missouri Randolph Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., Solvay Process Div., Box 271, Syracuse, New York Chester Quarry Co., Chester Al Stotz, Pautler Heights, Waterloo Rock Island Collinson Stone Co., 3115 23rd Ave., Moline Cordova Quarry Inc., 3115 23rd Ave., Moline Midway Stone Co., Inc., Hillsdale St. Clair Casper Stolle Quarry & Const. Co., Route 1, East St. Louis Columbia Quarry Co., 1007 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Missouri East St. Louis Stone Co., 528 Murphy Bldg., East St. Louis, Missouri Hecker Quarry Inc., 301 South Jackson St., New Athens Scott Kruger Quarry, Winchester Thomas Quarry, Winchester Stephenson Ray Askey, Orangeville W. E. Broege, Warren Ed. Finkbiener & Son, 4 East South St., Freeport Arthur Zimmerman, Pecatonica Union Anna Quarries Inc., Anna Jonesboro Stone Co., Route 1, Waldo Whiteside Fred R. McKenzie & Co., 405 Bondi Bldg., Galesburg Minor Brothers, 1003 8th Ave., Rock Falls Will Lincoln Crushed Stone Co., Box 1224, Joliet National Stone Co., Box 1213, Joliet Winnebago Charles G. Ind Co., 2722 Broadway, Rockford William Nordhop, 522 Furman St., Rockford Porter Brothers, Roscoe Art Zimmerman, Pecatonica Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 51 CLAY PRODUCTS PRODUCERS 1954 Boone Munson Brothers & Co., Capron Brown Frederic Brick & Tile Co., Box 146, Mt. Sterling Bureau Sheffield Shale Products Co., Sheffield Cook Alexander Burke's Sons, 3900 South Cicero Ave., Cicero 50 Brisch Brick Co., 228 North LaSalle St., Chicago 1 Carey Brick Co., 6558 Fullerton Ave., Chicago 35 Chicago Brick Co., 135 South LaSalle St., Chicago Chicago Fire Brick Co., 1467 North Elston Ave., Chicago 22 Chicago Pottery Co., 1920 Clybourn Ave., Chicago 14 George Keller Pottery Co., 2618 North Lakewood Ave., Chicago Northwestern Terra Cotta Corp., 1750 West Wrightwood, Chicago Plibrico Co., 1840 Kingsbury St., Chicago Tuthill Building Material Co., 545 East 103rd St., Chicago 28 Wingert Pottery Co., 5035 Foster Ave., Chicago Crawford W. A. Case & Son Manufacturing Co., 33 Main St., Buffalo 3, New York Edwards Albion Brick Co., Albion Fayette St. Elmo Brick and Tile Co., St. Elmo , Greene Ruckels Potteries, Inc., White Hall White Hall Sewer Pipe and Drain Tile Co., Laclede-Christy Co., Division H. K. Porter Co., Inc., 2000 Hampton Ave., St. Louis, Missouri \ Grundy The Illinois Clay Products Co., 214 Barber Bldg., Joliet I Jackson Jackson County Brick Co., Campbell Hill Kane Haeger Potteries, Inc., Dundee Kankakee ; St. Anne Brick & Tile Co., St. Anne Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954 : listed by counties in which operation occurred. 52 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Knox Abingdon Potteries, Inc., 801 North Main St., Abingdon Purington Brick and Tile Co., Box 110, Galesburg Lake National Brick Co., 3150 West Touhy Ave., Chicago 45 Pickard, Inc., Corona Ave., Antioch LaSalle The Conco-Meier Co., RFD Lowell, Tonica Laclede-Christy Co., Division of H. K. Porter Co., Inc., 2000 Hampton Ave., St. Louis 10, Missouri Streator Brick Company Division, Hydraulic -Press Brick Co., 705 Olive St., St. Louis, Missouri Streator Drain Tile Co., Streator Livingston Diller Tile Co., Chats worth Logan Stetson China Co., 999 North Kickapoo St., Lincoln Madison Alton Brick Co., Alton Richards Brick Co., Edwardsville Western Fire Brick Co., Granite City Marshall Hydraulic -Press Brick Co., 809 Lehmann Building, Peoria Menard Springfield Clay Products Co., Springfield Mercer Hydraulic -Press Brick Co., 901 Putnam Bldg., Davenport, Iowa McDonough Illinois McGraw Electric Co., 510 North Pearl St., Macomb Macomb Pottery Co., Macomb Western Stoneware Co., 621 West 6th Ave., Monmouth McHenry American Terra Cotta Corp., Box 225, Crystal Lake Rock Island Blackhawk Clay Products, Inc., Carbon Cliff St. Clair Hill Brick Co., 51st St. & St. Clair Ave., East St. Louis Hydraulic -Press Brick Co., 705 Olive St., St. Louis 1, Missouri Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 53 Sangamon Poston Brick & Concrete Products Co., 2600 East South Grand Ave., Springfield Springfield Clay Products Co., Springfield Scott Alsey Brick & Tile Co., Alsey Tazewell The Morton Pottery Co., 315 West Jefferson, Morton Peoria Brick & Tile Co., Box 515, Peoria Vermilion General Refractories Co., 1520 Locust St., Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania Western Brick Co., Danville Warren Western Stoneware Co., 621 West 6th Ave., Monmouth Will General Refractories Co., 1520 Locust St., Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania SAND AND GRAVEL PRODUCERS 1954 Adams Blick's Construction Co., Quincy Quincy Sand Company, Quincy Alexander H. H. Halliday Sand Co., 224-226 10th St., Cairo Bond Greenville Gravel Co., Greenville W. D. Lindsey, Keye sport Cyril Munie, Pocahontas Boone Christensen & Smith, Capron Vincent Spencer Sand & Gravel, 120 Burgess St., Belvidere Brown T. F. Hollembeak & Son, Mt. Sterling Bureau Floyd Clapp, Walnut Hansen Brothers, New Bedford Western Sand & Gravel Co., Spring Valley Calhoun Ellis Inman, Batchtown Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. 54 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Carroll Howard Nelson, Lanark Champaign Gibson Brothers, 407 North Edwin St., Champaign Mahomet Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Box 65, Urbana W. H. - G. R. Troike, Plankenhorn, Box 327, Mahomet West Champaign Gravel Co., 404 North Neil St., Champaign Clark Barthelemy and Lawrence, R. R. 2, Box 120-A, West Union Coles Martin's Sand & Gravel, 527 Ninth St., Charleston Pinnell's Gravel Pit, Charleston Cook Chicago Gravel Co., 343 South Dearborn St., Chicago 4 Worth Sand & Gravel Co., 7545 West 111th St., Worth Crawford Lawrence Bowman, 140 East Lamotte St., Palestine William J. Wyke, Box 11, Robinson Cumberland A. B. C. Gravel Co., Greenup George Orndorff, Route 1, Greenup DeKalb Elmer Larson, Inc., Box 383, 320 Prospect St., DeKalb DeWitt H. M. Rickgauer, Clinton DuPage Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Co., Elmhurst John Purnell, Geneva Road, West Chicago Fayette Con L. Burtschi, Vandalia Mulberry Grove Sand Co., Mulberry Grove Weaver's Gravel Pit, R. F. D. 2, Vandalia Ford W. V. Williams, Box 287, Gibson City Fulton Liverpool Materials Co., 20 East Elm St., Canton Gallatin Miller Sand & Gravel Co., Carmi Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 55 Henry Collinson Brothers, 240 27th St., Moline Kane H. D. Conkey & Co., Mendota Fox Valley Gravel Co., Box 423, Route 3, Aurora Warren W. Krahn, 724 South St., Dundee L. G. Raymond, Big Rock Warren T. Sellen, 344 Cedar St., Aurora Kendall Elmer Larson, Inc., Box 383, 320 Prospect St., DeKalb Knox L. K. Bandy Construction Co., Maquon Lake B & J Sand & Gravel, R. F. D. 1, Spring Grove Carl L. Barthel, Antioch Big Hollow Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., R. F. D., Ingleside Consumers Co., 79 W. Monroe St., Chicago 3 Paul W. Schumaker, Box 185-B, Gurnee Marvin Walker, R. R. 2, Box 3 -A, Lake Villa LaSalle G. A. Abbott, Leland Ray LaBolle, Somonauk Edward O. Olson, Newark River Industries Inc., Box 641, Seneca Seneca Road Gravel Inc., Route 1, Marseilles Spicer Gravel Co., 445 Union St., Marseilles Lawrence L. W. Gregory and Sons, Lawrenceville Lee Butler Sand & Gravel Co., Nelson C. C. Macklin, Steward Rock River Ready Mix, 206 Brinton Ave., Dixon Livingston Estep Gravel Co., 604 East Oak St., Fairbury Valley View Dirt & Gravel Co., Route 1, Manville Logan The Lincoln Sand & Gravel Co., Arcade Annex, Lincoln Macon Decatur Sand & Gravel Co., 700 South Taylor Ave., Decatur Kirks Gravel Pit, Route 6, Decatur F. C. Troutman, Route 8, Decatur Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. 56 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Madison Gary Dredging Co., 958 Union St., Alton Guth Sand Co., Box 1170, Route 1, Granite City Mississippi Lime Co. of Missouri, Alton Marshall Consumer's Co., 79 West Monroe St., Chicago 3 Vernon Henry, LaRose McHenry Consumer's Co., 79 West Monroe St., Chicago 3 Crystal Lake Trucking & Excavating Co., Route 14, Box 184, Crystal Lake Floyd Greibel, Marengo Grove Gravel & Excavating Co., Fox River Grove McHenry Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., 606 Front St., McHenry Wayne Nolan, R. F. D., Harvard Sylvester Tonyan, R. R. 1, Box 371, McHenry McLean John Howes, Route 2, Bloomington McGrath Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Lincoln Rowe Construction Co., 1523 West Market St., Bloomington Ogle Byron Sand & Stone Co., Byron McGrath Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Lincoln Lloyd A. Shilling, Route 2, Milledgeville Floyd Weigle, Shannon Peoria Chillicothe Gravel Co., 940 North Fourth St., Chillicothe Construction Materials Co., 100 Cass St., Peoria Coogan Gravel Co., 903 Jefferson Bldg., Peoria McGrath Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Lincoln Stevers, Inc., 806 Farmington Road, Peoria C. L. Swords, 107 South Jefferson Ave., Peoria Pike Victor Callender, Pittsfield Randolph Southern Illinois Sand Co., Inc., Chester Rock Island Blackhawk Aggregates, Inc., 230 4th St. West, Milan St. Clair Missouri-Illinois Material Co., 2100 North Wharf, St. Louis 6 Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 57 Sangamon Clear Lake Sand & Gravel Co., Box 378, Springfield Springfield Sand & Gravel Co., Route 7, Springfield Scott Homer E. Grady, Exeter Shelby Corley Gravel, Cowden Henry Cummings, Sullivan Hanfland Sand & Gravel Co., Shelbyville Tazewell Hoffer Construction Co., end of Kenwood Street, East Peoria McGrath Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Lincoln C. A. Powley, Route 2, Washington Union Bittle & Emrick, Anna Vermilion Blakeney Gravel Pit, Route 4, Danville Lewis and Co., Perrisville Road, Danville Vanderpoorten Brothers, 122 Delaware St., Westville Elton A. Wagner Co., 505 North Gilbert St., Danville Wabash Allendale Gravel Co., Route 1, Allendale Dunobar Sand-Gravel Co., Bellmont Mt. Carmel Sand & Gravel Co., Mt. Carmel White Eastwood Sand & Gravel Works, Grayville Frashier Brothers, Maunie Miller Sand & Gravel Co., Carmi Whiteside Anderson Ready Mix, 903 Avenue "D," Rock Falls Ernest Johnson, Box 67, Lyndon Max Lawrence, R. F. D., Prophetstown Weldon W. Lawrence, Prophetstown Vernon Schrader Gravel, Route 2, Sterling Vohn & Toppert River Bar Gravel, Lyndon Will Jesse Avery, Plainfield Chicago Gravel Co., 343 South Dearborn St., Chicago 4 C. H. Monk, 211 Hunter St., Joliet Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. 58 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Winnebago Anderson Sand & Gravel Co., 519 East State St., Rockford Consumer's Co., 79 West Monroe St., Chicago 3 Illinois -Wisconsin Sand & Gravel Co., 228 North LaSalle St., Chicago John L. Kelley, Roscoe Northwest Gravel Co., 917 Main St., Evanston Sahlstrom & Sons Bldg. Prod., 217 Peoples Ave., Rockford South Beloit Sand Co., 228 North LaSalle St., Chicago 1 Woodford John Keller & Sons, 611 State St., Eureka PORTLAND AND MASONRY CEMENT PRODUCERS 1954 LaSalle Alpha Portland Cement Co., 15 South Third St., Easton, Pennsylvania Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Young Bldg., 718 Hamilton St., Allentow: Pennsylvania Marquette Cement Mfg. Co., 20 North Wacker Drive, Chicago 6 LIME PRODUCERS 1954 Adams Marblehead Lime Co., 300 West Washington St., Chicago 6 Menke Stone & Lime Co., 828 Vermont St., Quincy Cook | Marblehead Lime Co., 300 West Washington St., Chicago 6 The Standard Lime & Stone Co., 2000 1st Nat'l Bank Bldg., Baltimore Maryland St. Clair Aluminum Co. of America, 1501 Alcoa Bldg., 425 Sixth Ave., Pittsburg, Pennsylvania . SILICA SAND PRODUCERS 1954 Alexander Western Fire Brick Co., 16th & Madison, Granite City LaSalle The American Silica Sand Co., Inc., 402 Central Life Bldg., Ottawa E. C. Bellrose Sand Co., 1220 West Madison St., Ottawa Illinois' Silica Sand Co., Box 36, Ottawa LaSalle Silica Co., Box 437, Ottawa Ottawa Silica Co., Box 437, Ottawa George M. Pendergast & Co., 226 South First St., Milwaukee, Wisconsi Standard Silica Corp., Box 407, Ottawa Wedron Silica Co., 135 South LaSalle St., Chicago 3 Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1954 59 Ogle National Silica Co., Oregon NATURAL BONDED MOLDING SAND PRODUCERS 1954 Bureau Frank J. Poscharscky, Wyanet Carroll Albert A. Nicol, Box 209, Savanna Coles Martin's Sand and Gravel, 527 Ninth St., Charleston Fayette Charles D. Lutz & Sons, Mulberry Grove Henry Oberlaender Sand Co., 519 1/2 15th St., Moline Kankakee Portage -Manley Sand Co., Essex TRIPOLI PRODUCERS 1954 Alexander Ozark Minerals Co., 807 1/2 Washington Ave., Cairo Companies and individuals reporting (as of July 1955) production for 1954, listed by counties in which operation occurred. EBXEHZl} CIRCULAR 206 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY URBANA