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BIOLOGICAL REPORT 88(26.2)
MAY 1988
NATIONAL LIST OF PLANT SPECIES
THAT OCCUR IN WETLANDS:
SOUTHEAST (REGION 2)
Fish and Wildlife Service
In Cooperation with the National and
Regional Interagency Review Panels
U.S. Department of the Interior
N I VERSUS
)IS LIE
,A CM
NAT. HIST. J
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Biological Report 88(26.2)
May 1988
Supersedes WELUT-86/W13.02
NATIONAL LIST OF PLANT SPECIES
THAT OCCUR IN WETLANDS:
SOUTHEAST (REGION 2)
by
Porter B. Reed, Jr.
National Ecology Research Center
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Suite 101, Monroe Building
9720 Executive Center Drive
St. Petersburg, FL 33702
for
National Wetlands Inventory
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
In cooperation with the National and Regional
Interagency Review Panels:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Soil Conservation Service
S. Department of the Interior
Fish and Wildlife Service
Research and Development
Washington, DC 20240
DEDICATION
The National List of Plant Species That Occur jn Wetlands is respectfully
dedicated to Neil Hotchkiss and Francis M. Uhler, who made this work possible
by their contributions to wetland botany and ecology. These two scientists
focused their long and productive careers on the study of wetlands long before
our current emphasis on wetland systems began. They aided in producing the Fish
and Wildlife Service's first wetland classification system, developed initial
lists and guidebooks to the wetland plants of the United States, and produced
many studies on the ecology and management of wetlands and their value to
wildlife. It is my sincere pleasure and humble gratitude to acknowledge the
dependence of this current work on their long and untiring efforts.
Suggested citation:
Reed, P.B., Jr. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands
Southeast (Region 2). U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 88(26.2). 124 pp.
CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv
INTRODUCTION 1
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CURRENT LIST 2
REVIEW PANELS AND REVIEW PROCESS 4
COMPOSITION OF THE LISTS 7
DIGITAL DATA BASE AVAILABILITY 13
REGIONAL INDICATORS 14
TRINOMIALS 77
SYNONYMY 79
LITERATURE CITED 116
APPENDIXES
A. Review Procedure 117
B. Instructions for Completing the Review Sheet for
Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 118
C. Review Sheet for Plant Species That Occur in
Wetlands 119
D. Interagency Review Panel Members and Regional
Reviewers 120
m
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands (hereafter referred
to as the National List ) is the result of the collective efforts of a large
number of dedicated biologists. Special recognition and thanks are extended to
the many people who contributed to the successful completion of this project.
The National Wetlands Inventory, especially John Montanari and William Wilen,
provided the funding and administrative support necessary for the development
of the National List and coordination of the review effort.
The other Federal agencies, especially William Sipple, John Meagher, and Dave
Davis of the Environmental Protection Agency, Robert Pierce, Richard Macomber,
and Dana Sanders of the Corps of Engineers, and Billy Teels and Carl Thomas of
the Soil Conservation Service, provided much needed funding to aid development
of the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base and technical support
through their agency biologists' participation in the review effort.
Special recognition and appreciation is extended to Lewis Cowardin who conceived
the need for the National List , supervised the compilation of the initial draft
list, and provided invaluable advice and direction during the initial phase of
the project.
The contribution of the authors of the almost 300 regional and State floras and
regional wetland manuals used in compiling the Annotated National Wetland Plant
Species Data Base is gratefully acknowledged.
The development of the National List was greatly facilitated by the dedicated
staff who contributed over 50 person years to compile the Annotated National
Wetland Plant Species Data Base. This data base provided a solid information
base from which the National List was derived. This staff included Karen E.
Amidei, James G. Armstrong, Sheryl A. Brenner, Steven I. Candileri, Mark A.
Charneski, Diana Fry, Thomas B. Gunter, Lillian A. Gustafson, Iris A. Kendall,
Mary E. Klee, Annie L. Kosvanec, David R. Lindsey, Stephen Mortellaro, Kent A.
Moyer, Laura E. Pittman, Donald R. Richardson, Richard N. Rowse, Angela F. Salem,
Deana Ulmer, Sheri A. Ulrich, Sandra M. Upchurch, Diane Wallace, Debora L.
Wegner, August M. Wooten and Kevin R. Youngberg. This landmark effort to collect
much of the taxonomic and ecological information about wetland plants into a
textual computer data base was a protracted and extremely tedious task. It was
truly a pleasure to work with such a productive and conscientious group.
A special debt is owed to the regional ecologists who so generously gave of their
time and experience in reviewing the lists. Their review helped to refine the
information presented in the botanical manuals and in many cases provided the
only and often best description of the ecology of many plant species. The
iv
Nationa l List would not be as accurate and complete if it were not for the
enormous amount of review so generously provided by the regional reviewers.
State distributions and common names provided by John Kartesz from unpublished
data bases allowed the production of accurate State lists and common name
assignments for almost all species. The high quality and completeness of the
Nationa l List is in large part due to the data provided by John Kartesz from the
Biota of North America Program.
The composition and pleasing format of the lists is largely due to the computer
skills of Jill Muhlenbruck and Gregor Auble of the National Ecology Research
Center.
The contributions of the many National and regional review panel members is
gratefully acknowledged. These biologists represented their agencies in a
technically competent and thoroughly professional manner. The strength of the
Regional lists and Indicator assignments is largely due to the diverse background
of the review panel members and a firm desire by all to make the process work.
The unswerving resolve and determination displayed by all the review panels to
complete each phase of the task during the marathon regional review panel
meetings was truly inspiring. Well over 200 weeks of staff time was contributed
by the review panel members.
It has been a pleasure to coordinate this effort and to work so closely with so
many dedicated and professional biologists. The credit and recognition for the
completion of this task applies equally to all who contributed so much. As
compiler, I must necessarily take the responsibility for any transcription errors
which may have occurred during the production of this report. The extensive use
of the National List has made the entire effort professionally satisfying for
all who have contributed.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2013
http://archive.org/details/nationallistofpl02reed
INTRODUCTION
The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands (hereafter referred
to as the National List ) represents the combined efforts of many biologists over
the last decade to define the wetland flora of the United States. The National
List has undergone a number of revisions based on intensive review by regional
ecologists. National, regional, and State lists are being distributed to provide
users with the most current information. We welcome and encourage modification
and improvement of the National List . Refinement of the National List will occur
continually, reflecting increased knowledge in Indicator assignments, taxonomy,
and geographic distribution. We anticipate that further refinement of the
National List will lead to additional infra-specific and subregional Indicator
assignments. Review documents and procedures are included with the National List
to aid and encourage additional review (Appendix A). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service initially developed the National List in order to provide an appendix
to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States
(Cowardin et al . 1979) to assist in the field identification of wetlands. Plant
species that occur in wetlands as used in the National List are defined as
species that have demonstrated an ability (presumably because of morphological
and/or physiological adaptations and/or reproductive strategies) to achieve
maturity and reproduce in an environment where all or portions of the soil within
the root zone become, periodically or continuously, saturated or inundated during
the growing season (adapted from Huffman 1981). The development of the National
List changed significantly when a cooperative review effort was established by
the major Federal agencies involved in wetland identification and management.
The utility of the National List goes far beyond a simple catalog of wetland
plants. The Fish and Wildlife Service, in cooperation with North Carolina State
University, has produced a weighted average procedure for using the wetland
Indicator assignments of individual species to assist in determining the
probability that a community is a wetland (Wentworth and Johnson 1986). This
procedure is used by the Soil Conservation Service to aid in the determination
of wetlands included under the conservation provisions of the Food Security Act
of 1985. The Fish and Wildlife Service, Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental
Protection Agency, and Soil Conservation Service use the National List to aid
in identifying wetlands falling under their various wetland program
responsibilities. Wetland identification manuals which incorporate the National
List have recently been produced by the Corps of Engineers (Environmental
Laboratory 1987) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Sipple 1988).
DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENT LIST
The Fish and Wildlife Service recognized that accessory lists of hydrophytes
(plant species that occur in wetlands) and hydric soils would need to be
developed to apply the wetland classification system accurately and consistently
in the field. The scientific names of the plant species included in the major
wetland plant lists and manuals were collected and merged into a single
computerized list with those species on the National List of Scientific Plant
Names (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1971) that had emergent, floating, or
submergent life forms. This initial list of 1,626 species, completed in March
1976, was obviously incomplete, and was especially deficient in plant species
from the western United States and the Alaska, Caribbean, and Hawaii regions.
Dr. Donovan Correll, Fairchild Tropical Garden, Miami, Florida, reviewed this
initial list in 1977 and suggested many additional species for inclusion. Dr.
Correll 's additions were combined with the initial list, and a draft list of
4,235 species was developed in 1977. This draft list, although plagued by
problems of plant nomenclature and synonymy, was remarkably complete, considering
the small amount of time which had been spent on its development.
Review and refinement of this draft list has continued since 1977. Initial tasks
were to maintain and improve computer storage and retrieval of the draft list
information, align the listed species with a national taxonomic treatment, and
subdivide the species according to their fidelity to wetlands. The importance
of the development of an accurate National List of Plant Species That Occur in
Wetlands to the Federal community and the need to substantiate the occurrence
of these plant species in wetlands from the botanical literature led the Fish
and Wildlife Service to begin development of the Annotated National Wetland Plant
Species Data Base. This textual data base documents the taxonomy, distribution,
and ecology of each species based on a synthesis of almost 300 National and
regional wetland plant and botanical manuals representing the major State and
regional floras. Computer storage of the Annotated National Wetland Plant
Species Data Base allowed for the efficient maintenance of the initial National
List and creation of early draft regional subdivisions of the National List .
Data collection for the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base for
all plant species was completed in 1987, but incorporation of this information
into a single data base on the National Wetlands Inventory minicomputer remains
to be accomplished. The species data base is presently stored on a
microcomputer. Information on the data base and preliminary species listings
or data reports from the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base can
be obtained from the National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, Florida.
The Soil Conservation Service, through a contract to the Smithsonian Institution,
produced a revised National List of Scientific Plant Names in 1982 (U.S.
Department of Agriculture 1982.) This national treatment provided a standard
nomenclature for the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands .
supplied a listing of synonyms linked to the accepted names, and updated the
regional distribution of each species. The Soil Conservation Service list was
selected as the taxonomic standard in order to facilitate the eventual
correlation of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands with
the Hvdric Soils of the United States (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1987).
Copies of the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982) are available from
the State offices of the Soil Conservation Service.
A wetland fidelity rating system was created during the initial development of
the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base. Early coding of verbatim
habitat from the botanical manuals for a wide variety of plant species indicated
that an obvious separation of obligate (restricted to wetlands) and facultative
(not restricted to wetlands) species could be made. Further refinement led to
subdivision of the facultative category into three subcategories, with a range
of percent occurrences in wetland versus nonwetland applied to each subcategory
to enhance user understanding and consistent application.
The ecological information obtained from the botanical manuals during data
collection for the development of the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species
Data Base led to the identification and addition to the National List of many
additional species for which at least one manual reported the species occurring
in an obvious wetland site. The National List had increased as a result of this
process to 5,244 species in 1982, 6,042 species in 1986, and presently is
composed of 6,728 plant species.
REVIEW PANELS AND REVIEW PROCESS
The desire of the Federal agencies involved in wetland identification and
delineation for a Federal list of plant species that Occur in Wetlands led to
the suggestion by the Fish and Wildlife Service that a review process be
established similar to that developed to review the Hvdric Soils of the United
States (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1987). In early 1983, the Fish and
Wildlife Service formally requested that the Army Corps of Engineers,
Environmental Protection Agency, and Soil Conservation Service participate
cooperatively in an interagency review and development of a National List of
Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands. Each agency nominated staff wetland
ecologists with a strong background in wetland botany to a National Interagency
Review Panel. Two organizational meetings were held in the summer of 1983 to
determine the responsibilities and goals of the National and Regional Interagency
Review Panels and the structure of the review process. The four Federal agencies
also nominated staff wetland ecologists to represent them on each of the Regional
Review Panels. Selection and appointment of the Regional Interagency Review
Panel representatives was completed by each agency by the spring of 1984. All
four agencies have been represented on most Review Panels, with some change in
agency representatives occurring through the years.
Initial organizational meetings for all the conterminous United States Regional
Interagency Review Panels were held in 1984. The regional review process was
discussed, and review materials were developed. Potential reviewers, principally
field botanists and ecologists associated with State and Federal agencies and
universities, were identified for each region, and the responsibility for
contacting the potential regional reviewers was partitioned among the Review
Panel members. Regional reviewers were contacted during the summer and fall of
1984 to determine if they could review the list and return their review comments
by the winter of 1984-85. Regional reviewers were sent the most current copy
of the regional list (dated September 1982) during the summer and fall of 1984.
The Regional review lists contained, for many species, a tentative Indicator
assignment developed from the data collected for the Annotated National Wetland
Plant Species Data Base. All the Regional Review Panels met during the spring
of 1985 to consider the review provided by the regional ecologists. A total of
142 ecologists and botanists from across the country initially reviewed the 1982
lists. The number of reviewers varied from 10 to 30 per region. Regional
reviewers assigned a wetland Indicator to as many species as possible, based upon
their field experience, using Cowardin et al . (1979) for the definition of a
wetland.
The Regional Interagency Review Panels examined the Indicator assignments
suggested by each reviewer and any additional supporting documentation which
reviewers provided. Each of the Regional Review Panel members independently
synthesized the review received and developed a regional Indicator assignment
for each species based upon all the regional review and information gathered
about the species. The tentative Indicator assignment developed from the
Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data Base often was regarded as the
equivalent of a regional reviewer's assignment and was given the same status or
weight in Review Panel deliberations. The Regional Review Panel collectively
considered Indicator assignments for each species made by each agency panel
member and, with each agency having one vote, attempted to achieve unanimous
agreement on a Regional Indicator assignment. The plus (+) and minus (-)
designations, specifying respectively the higher or lower part of the frequency
range for a particular Indicator, were used by some Review Panels as a means of
achieving interagency agreement. The number of reviewers for each species varied
considerably, and each reviewer was generally given the same weight by a Review
Panel. The number of reviewers commenting on individual species varied,
depending on the distribution of the species across the region. Particular
species ranged from 20 review comments to only a single review, and in some cases
received no review. Review reflecting a wide range of suggested Indicators was
received for some species. This broad range of suggested Indicators for these
species was difficult to synthesize and blend into a single Indicator status.
These species were given an NA (no agreement) assignment if the Review Panel
could not reach a unanimous decision. Unreviewed species were assigned an NI
(no indicator) assignment if the Review Panel had little or no information on
which to base an Indicator status.
The National Review Panel met in July 1985 to review progress, to examine the
Indicator assignments for consistency across regions, and to develop a procedure
for the assignment of an Indicator to as many unassigned species as possible.
National, regional, and State lists of plant species that Occur in Wetlands were
produced in the spring of 1986, and were distributed widely.
The Regional Review Panels met during the summer and fall of 1986 to apply an
Indicator assignment to as many remaining unassigned species as possible. The
Review Panels principally relied on additional review received from former and
new reviewers, the habitat information recorded in the Annotated National Wetland
Plant Species Data Base, or examination of the habitat given in selected regional
manuals if the Species Data Base information was not available, to assign a
regional Indicator status. An asterisk {*) was assigned by the Regional Review
Panels to Indicators derived from limited ecological information. The asterisk
reflected a tentative assignment made with less confidence and data than the
other Indicator assignments. Usually no review was received from regional
ecologists for these asterisked species. A question mark (?) following a
National Indicator denoted a tentative Indicator assignment assigned by the
compiler and not confirmed by Regional Interagency Review Panel concurrence.
The 1986 National Wetland Plant List - Regional Indicator Compilation (Reed 1986)
reported the status of the review process.
The National Review Panel reexamined the review process and current list in 1986
and directed the Regional Panels to complete the review of the regional lists.
The Regional Review Panels met during the spring and summer of 1987 to complete
the initial assignment of as many unassigned species remaining on the regional
lists as possible. The Review Panels also considered species suggested for
addition by reviewers. Additional Regional Indicator assignments and changes
to previous assignments were made based on new review received from reviewers.
ecological information from the Annotated National Wetland Plant Species Data
Base, or information from botanical manuals.
The task of the Regional Interagency Review Panels was to interpret and
synthesize reviewers' comments and the range of habitat descriptions given for
each species by the various authors of the botanical manuals into a single
wetland Indicator category for their regions. There was an overwhelming
similarity of independent Indicator assignments made by both the reviewers, based
on their field experience, and the Regional Review Panel members, based on the
habitat expressed in the botanical literature. This repeatability of Indicator
assignments derived in a variety of ways by ecologists with a wide variety of
backgrounds confirmed that the Indicators were both reproducible and defensible.
The Regional Review Panels were able to assign, with the highest degree of
confidence. Indicators to those species which had been reviewed by a number of
regional reviewers and also had a large literature base. The comparability of
the Indicator designations is also demonstrated by the large number of species
(6,114 species, 91% of the species assigned an Indicator) that were assigned only
a single Indicator or a narrow range of Indicators by the independently
functioning Regional Review Panels. An analysis of the National Indicator range
shows that 483 species (7%) were assigned an NI (no indicator), and 675 species
(10%) have a question mark following the Indicator. The question mark signifies
a tentative assignment. An analysis of the Regional Indicators for all regions
shows that an * was added to 729 Regional Indicators and an NA was assigned to
28 species. The National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands represents
our progress to date and is provided both for current use and as a base for
future revisions.
COMPOSITION OF THE LISTS
The National, regional, and State lists are reported in a variety of formats.
All of the lists are initially arranged alphabetically by scientific name
followed by a second list, also alphabetical by scientific name, of those species
with infra-specific (subspecies, variety, or form) Indicator assignments. A
third list, alphabetic by scientific name, provides a list of synonyms related
to the equivalent accepted name shown in the alphabetical scientific name list.
The State lists also contain a fourth compilation, following the synonymy report,
of the species found in each State, alphabetized by common name and subdivided
into eight separate lists by life form (trees, shrubs, vines, forbs, grasses,
grasslikes [sedges and rushes], ferns and allies, and aquatics).
Nomenclature and distribution follow the National List of Scientific Plant Names
(1982) except as modified by State distribution data from an unpublished plant
species geographic data base (Kartesz).
Epiphytic (e.g., mistletoes and some orchids) and nonrooted species (e.g.,
dodder) were excluded from the National List because their roots were
respectively either never exposed to ground-level soil conditions or were not
in existence during all or part of the plant's life span. The current National
List contains only vascular plants, but a companion list of Bryophytes (mosses
and liverworts) that occur in wetlands is being developed to further define the
wetland flora of the United States. The Algae have also been excluded from the
current list.
Listings of the members of the National and appropriate Regional Interagency
Review Panels and the regional reviewers are included at the end of each list
(Appendix D). Not all categories listed below are displayed in each National,
regional, or State report. The National alphabetical scientific name list is
reported by SCI-NAME, NAT-IND, RIIND, R2IND, R3IND, R4IND, R5IND, R6IND, R7IND,
R8IND, R9IND, ROIND, RAIND, RCIND, RHIND, and REGION. The National trinomial
list is reported by SCI-NAME, TRINOM, RIIND, R2IND, R3IND, R4IND, R5IND, R6IND,
R7IND, R8IND, R9IND, ROIND, RAIND, RCIND, RHIND, and REGION. The National,
regional, and State synonym lists are reported by SYNONYMY, SCI-NAME, AUTHOR,
and REGION. The regional and State alphabetical scientific name lists are
reported by SCI -NAME, AUTHOR, COMMON-NAME, R_IND, NAT-IND, and HABIT. The
regional and State trinomial lists are reported by SCI-NAME, AUTHOR, TRINOM,
RIND, NAT-IND, and HABIT. The State alphabetical common-name lists are reported
within life forms (HABIT) by COMMON-NAME, R_IND, NAT-IND, SYMBOL, SCI-NAME, and
HABIT.
The information in these lists is presented in the following categories. A brief
definition of the categories reported in the various lists is given below:
SCI-NAME (Scientific Name)
The genus and species applied to the taxon by the National List of
Scientific Plant Names (1982).
SYMBOL
Symbol assigned in the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982),
consisting of the first two letters of the genus name and the first two
letters of the specific epithet, with additional numbers added in numeric
sequence to the four-letter symbol to break ties. Tentative plant
symbols for species not in the National List of Scientific Plant Names
(1982) have been created by taking the first two letters of the genus and
specific epithet, adding a numeric tie breaker, if necessary, and ending
with a question mark. All species have a unique symbol.
AUTHOR
The author of the scientific name as cited by the National List of
Scientific Plant Names (1982).
SYNONYMY
Alternate scientific names applied to the species by major regional or
State floras.
TRINOM (Trinomial)
Varieties, subspecies, or forms which differ in Indicator assignment from
the species.
NAT-IND (National Range Of Indicators)
The National Indicators reflect the range of estimated probabilities
(expressedas a frequency of occurrence) of a species occurring in wetland
versus nonwetland across the entire distribution of the species. A
frequency, for example, of 67%-99% (Facultative Wetland) means that 67%-99%
of sample plots containing the species randomly selected across the range
of the species would be wetland. Aquestion mark (?) following an Indicator
denotes a tentative assignment based on the botanical literature and not
confirmed by regional review. When two indicators are given, they reflect
the range from the lowest to the highest frequency of occurrence in
wetlands across the regions in which the species is found. A positive (+)
or negative (-) sign was used with the Facultative Indicator categories
to more specifically define the regional frequency of occurrence in
wetlands. The positive sign indicates a frequency toward the higher end
of the category (more frequently found in wetlands), and a negative sign
8
indicates a frequency toward the lower end of the category (less frequently
found in wetlands) .
Indicator Categories
Obligate Wetland (OBL). Occur almost always (estimated probability >99%)
under natural conditions in wetlands.
Facultative Wetland (FACW). Usually occur in wetlands (estimated
probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in nonwetlands.
Facultative (FAC). Equally likely to occur in wetlands or nonwetlands
(estimated probability 34%-66%).
Facultative Upland (FACU). Usually occur in nonwetlands (estimated
probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated
probability l%-33%).
Obligate Upland (UPL). Occur in wetlands in another region, but occur
almost always (estimated probability >99%) under natural conditions in
nonwetlands in the region specified. If a species does not occur in
wetlands in any region, it is not on the National List .
The wetland Indicator categories should not be equated to degrees of
wetness. Many obligate wetland species occur in permanently or
semipermanently flooded wetlands, but a number of obligates also occur
and some are restricted to wetlands which are only temporarily or
seasonally flooded. The facultative upland species include a diverse
collection of plants which range from weedy species adapted to exist in
a number of environmentally stressful or disturbed sites (including
wetlands) to species in which a portion of the gene pool (an ecotype)
always occurs in wetlands. Both the weedy and ecotype representatives of
the facultative upland category occur in seasonally and semipermanently
flooded wetlands.
R_IND (Regional Indicator)
The estimated probability (likelihood) of a species occurring in wetlands
versus nonwetlands in the region. Regional Indicators reflect the
unanimous agreement of the Regional Interagency Review Panel. If a
regional panel was not able to reach a unanimous decision on a species,
NA (no agreement) was recorded in the regional indicator (RIND) field.
An NI (no indicator) was recorded for those species for which insufficient
information was available to determine an indicator status. A
nonoccurrence (NO) designation indicates that the species does not occur
in that region. An asterisk (*) following a regional Indicator identifies
tentative assignments based on limited information from which to determine
the indicator status. In the listings for the States divided into two
regions (Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado), both regional Indicators are
reported.
9
REGION
The distribution of the species expressed by the regional codes used in
the National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982). These code numbers
and regions are displayed in Figure 1.
REGION
CODE
REGION
1
2
Northeast
Southeast
3
North Central
4
North Plains
5
Central Plains
6
South Plains
7
Southwest
8
Intermountain
9
Northwest
California
A
Alaska
C
Caribbean
Hawaii
STATE(S) IN REGION
ME,NH,VT,MA,CT,RI,WV,KY,NY,PA,
NJ,MD,DE,VA,OH
NC,SC,GA,FL,TN,AL,MS,LA,AR
MO,IA,MN,MI,WI,IL,IN
ND,SD,MT(Eastern) ,WY(Eastern)
NE,KS,CO(Eastern)
TX,OK
AZ,NM
NV,UT,CO(Western)
WA,OR, ID,MT(Western) ,WY(Western)
CA
AK
PR(Puerto Rico), VI(U.S. Virgin
Isls.)» CZ(Canal Zone), SQ (Swan
Isls.)
HI(Hawaiian Isls.), AQ(American
Samoa), GU(Guam), IQ(U.S. Misc.
Pacific Isls.), MQ(Midway Isls.),
TQ(Trust territories of the
Pacific Isls.), WQ(Wake Isl.),
YQ(Ryukyu Isls. Southern)
COMMON-NAME
A popular name
follows Common
press), but
maintained by
applied to the species. Common name selection generally
Names for North American Plants (Kartesz and Thieret, in
some common names follow the current common name list
the Soil Conservation Service,
HABIT
The plant characteristics and life forms assigned to each species in the
National List of Scientific Plant Names (1982) and by the Soil Conservation
Service. Family names are listed alphabetically under specific life forms
restricted to these families.
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