OF THE U N I VERS ITY Of ILLINOIS 910-3 W \5u 1801 NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materials! The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN NO V 3 0 W* .NOV 0 2 1994 L161— 0-1096 OF THE UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS 910.3 \A /\5u 1801 THE UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER; BEING A CONCISE DESCRIPTION ALFHABETICALLY ARRANGED, NATIONS, TOWNS, OF THE Cities, HARBOURS, CANALS, KINGDOMS, EMPIRES, OCEAN*, Eivers, MOUNTAINS; STATES, provinces. SEAS, LAKES, CAPES, &C. IN THE KNOWN WORLD; THE GOVERNMENT, MANNERS, and RELIGION OF THE INHABITANTS, WITH THE EXTENT, BOUNDARIES, and NATURAL PRODUCTIONS, MANUFACTURES and CURIOSITIES OF THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. CONTAINING Several thoufand Places not to be met with in any fimilar Gazetteer • ILLUSTRATED WITH FOURTEEN MAPS . By JOHN WALKER. REVISED, CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED, AND IMPROVED, By ARTHUR KERSHAW. THE THIRD EDITION, LONDON: PRINTED FOR VERNOR AND HOOD; D,ARTON AND HARVEY; H. D. SYMONDS J LONGMAN AND RF.ES; J. CUTHELL; J. WALKER; WYNNE AND SCHOLEYj W. OTRIDGE AND SON; T. HURST ; LACKINGTON aLLEN AND CO. J R. LEA; J. SCATCHERD J OGILVY AND SON ; J. MATTHEW!, , CROSBY AND LETTERMAN ; R. FAULDER ; C. Law ; WEST AND HUGHES j Yi, BAYNES; AND J. WALLIS. 1801 , r r-f rti ■- < ■ • *J v * f I M J/M [3 VIM V'T^::;. a 3SIZ {, . I t - K •• ’ "< T , g ; ■ - ■ ; » ■ *' -I'-? 1 ■* $10'* ■'■:> o v. a Printed by J, Suian and Co, Gracechurch-Jlreet , and Jf. D. DevJick t Alderfgate ftrtft, '■ ' i. .8 1 " ■' ** i.V.'v: \ W ,V.< ,V. S V, ; /. A*UvU- vodaTA^vL • . / * ’I .M , c iOT y« .■ •' - - - ' -* . ■i. \ i 'i UTlTJiy Kli ‘ ^ PREFACE. T HE ufe of an Univerfal Gazetteer, to thofe who feel any interefl at all in what is going on in the world at large, is too obvious to need pointing out. It’s name feems to imply, that it is the compa- nion, or accompaniment of the newfpaper, or gazette, which. latter name was derived from the gazetta, a fmall coin of Venice, the origi- nal price of thefe periodical chronicles in that commercial republic. A work of this kind, neceffarily formed of materials brought from every quarter of the world, at uncertain and different periods, and, generally, by we know not whom, is peculiarly liable to errors, and the compiler muff confine himfell within very narrow bounds, indeed, if he do not fubmit to thefe imperfetlions. In the compilation of this work, the late'ft and mod authentic accounts have been confuhed; from travelling, the author has been enabled to correH feveral errors, and from correfpondents be has received de- fcriptions of fome places, which are certainly the belt and molt accu- rate that have been yet offered to the public in this way. Towns and places of note are defcribed at length, or form diffinft paragraphs; the names of thefe are given in capitals. Thofe to which an afterifk, or ftar, is prefixed, are the poll towns of Great Britain and Ireland. Even villages, hamlets, and fingle houfes, in thefe ifiands, have been mentioned, and, in fome inllances, their fituafions pretty precifely told; but thefe, as inferior articles, are given in a differ- ent character, or letter, and do not form different paragraphs, but are carried on in continuity, generally forming only diftinft periods. The expreffions of inferior and confderable , or of note, a re mea nit not in reference o wealth but to population. If errors occur in the places of lefs note, which they probably may, or, indeed, neceffarily muff, (for, in attempting to mike this the complete!! geographical index extant, works of more dubious authority have alfo been confuhed) it m -y be well enough to caution the reader to fufpend his analogical conclufions, “ that if a place, which he knows, be inaccurately defcribed, be may reafonably fuppofe that others are alfo incorrect, and that places more remote, ordillant, muff neceffarily be more falfe.” It will only, infuch cafe, be the part of candour to confider, that fuch places are, perhaps, but little vifited by travellers, and fcarcelv known beyond their own vi- cinity; and that if he, or fome of his liberal-minded neighbours, do not communicate better information to the compiler, the error is likely to be continued. And • / IV PREFACE. And here the author hopes it will not be thought improper, if he takes the liberty to fuggeft to men of leifure and information, whether they, may not well apply a few moments of their time, in a way fatisfa&ory to themfelves, and ufeful to the public, in communicating to the ga- zetteer-makers topographical information. If fuch will have the kind- nefs to contribute to this work, their communications will be grate- fully received; here alfo he may acknowledge to have received from feveral of his friends, and even from Grangers, of this defcription, both ot the eflablifhed religion and diflenters, very liberal encourage- ment in the profecution of this work. But the prefent is a produfction which it does not require erudition to find fault wither amend. There is fcarcely any individual but may fuggeft improvements, or give ufe- ful information, on fome place which he knows : and every reader, from the fchool-boy to the man in years, who fhall communicate amendments, will confer an obligation on the author. All who may have the liberality thus to yield afliftance to the work, are requefted particularly to give information on fuch fubje£ls as the following, or as an anfwer to any of thefe queries: — What is the place? — What it's name ? — In what dijtrifit fituaUd? — How many houfies or people? — What the foil? — What the appearance of the Jur rounding country ? — By what production or manufacture are they enabled to / up- port themfelves , pay taxes , &c.? — What curiofities have they or had they % natural or artificial? — What particular cujloms? — What public eftab - lijhments of Infirmaries , Hofpitals , Schools, Libraries , &cj — What the fituation of the place? — On hill or in vale; on what road or high- way; or on what river , bay , creek , or fea? — And what are it's difiance and bearings from other places, &c ? — What places already mentioned in this work are fio infigmficant , that they ought to be omitted? — And which are fio important that they ought to form difiintt paragraphs? It may be neceflary here to notice the improvements introduced into all parts of the prefent edition, as the proprietors, encouragedt>y the flattering reception with which the firft edition was favoured, have fpar- ed no exertion or expence to render this extend ve Gazetteer ftill more worthy of the public patronage. In the execution of this talk, and in order to render the following fheets as complete as the nature of the work will admit, the attention of the publifhers has been particularly dire&ed to the injertingfuch omif- fions , and cur retting fuch errors, as muft have unavoidably efcaped the author, in compiling fo laborious a work. In the firft edition, no notice was taken of a fubjeft affording much ufeful and neceflary information, although a heavy national calamity, viz. War; nor of the faffs and circumftances relating to it; military and naval eftabliftmients, fortifications, battles, fieges, and other re- markable operations and events, by which the mofl important changes are produced in the political ftate of nations. 3 In PREFACE. v In the defcription of a confiderable number t)f the principal empires and countries, the ufual divifion of the regions (in common with ill our competitors) was erroneous; the geographical pofuion, bearings, dif- tances, &c.’of places, were not laid down with uniform accuracy ; nor was the leaft attention paid to the markets and principal fairs in the te~ veral counties of England and Wales. Many mi flakes have alfo arifen from the fame words occurring frequently in various parts, with differ- ent fpeliings, &c. &c. all which deficiencies and inaccuracies have in this edition, been duly attended to and remedied: the whole of this Gazetteer having been lately reviled and corrected at a very great ex- pence, and with unremitting attention and affiduity. Some confiderable improvements have likewife been introduced, by adding to the compofition of this work, a number of remarkable and important places omitted in the late edition. The reader may alio find much new and intereifing information in the numerous additions oc- cafionallv made to places already noticed, feveral of which will be found to be confiderably improved, if not written entirely new ; not- withftanding which, the work, although confiderably augmented in valuable and authentic nomenclature, is yet not enlarged in fize and price. The infections made, include different topics of defignation and de- fcription, but chiefly relate to the curiofities of nature and art, na- tural productions, forms of government, military and naval affairs, inland navigations, manufactures, magnificent public buildings, and the remains of remarkable antiquities; with feveral original communi- cations addreffed to the editor, pointing out fources of information and improvement, not often to be met with. Thefe additions the editor has been enabled to make, by omitting the latitudes and longitudes of places apparently infignificant, or whofe fituations may be eafily afcertained by a reference to other places ge- nerally known; by reducing and narrowing fome accounts rather too circumflantial and minute, for an abridgment; and by expunging fe- veral articles of lefs effential importance, which, though not unworthy of attention, leave little room for others that, on further confideration, appear to be more ufeful and interefling. The editor, however, in flating the progreffive improvements by which he has added to the flock of knowledge contained in our Geo- graphical Dictionaries, does not thereby mean to affert, that he has fo fully executed his plan, but that he himfelf can difcover fome faults and imperfeClions both in the work and it’s execution. Much has been done, yet much remains undone, to improve and bring to perfec- tion the arduous talk of compiling Gazetteers and Dictionaries. It is only by flow degrees, and long and perfevering exertions, continued through feveral centuries, that this comprehenfive fubjeCt can be ex- pected to arrive at extenfive ufefulnefs ; but, from the mutability of things, it can never be finally brought to a ftate of full perfc&ion. The PREFACE. vi The publifhers, however, not prefuming to fuggeft that they have completely fucceeded in the execution of this undertaking, yet relying on the candid decifion of a difcerning public, hope, with fome confi- dence, that the performance, now refpe&fully fubmitted to their notice, will be found amujing and entertaining, as well as uftjul anfi injlruc- tive to the generality of readers; and they truft it may claim the peculiar attention of the young, and such as are not able tu procure larger works; for the ufe, indeed, of whom it is principally defigned and calculated. The reader, whether fcientific or lets informed, will be candid enough, it is prefumed, to excufe finali millakes, for the fake of the pleafure, fatisfaftion, and information, which it is natural to fuppofe, the highly interefting obje£ts contained in the fcience here treated of, will afford to his mind. THE compiler of this work is unwilling to difmifs it, without mentioning a prac- tice which he ufed to adopt, as a geographical exercife for his fcholars, when engag- ed in that pleafmg talk, the tuition of youth, hoping that, if parents and teachers will but try it, the fcholars and children may derive from it a pleafing and ufeful amufe- ment. The method was, to propofe an imaginary journey ; fuppofe from Dublin to Paris, to Rome, to Conftantinople, to Jerulalem, to Delhi, to Pekin, or to any other place j or an imaginary voyage, direft or circuitous, or round the world, or long or ftiort. In the firft inftance, from Dublin to Paris, it was propofed to the lower claffes to deferibe the eafieft courfe: thefe chofe, perhaps, that by water, from the mouth of the Liffey, fouthward through the l'rifti Channel, round the Land's End, by the Ides of Scilly, and eaftward through the Englilh Channel, to Havre-de-Grace, at the mouth of the Seine ; and thence, up the river, to the capital. Others adopted a weftern circuitous courfe, through the fouth of Ireland, and acrofs the fea to Nantz, or Bourdeaux, on their way to Paris. Some took the poll road, or a devious way, through Wales and England, to Dover and Calais; and others, perhaps, chofe a route through the north of Ireland, Scotland, acrofs the German Ocean, and through fome of the continental countries of Europe, in a SW. dire&ion, to Paris. In all thefe in- ftances, they planned out their route by the maps, and related, in form of a letter, what they thought the moft entertaining in the descriptions of the places along the way, which they found in the Gazetteer. Though Geography be one of the moft plain and fimple fciences, being much eafier learnt than reading and writing, there are fome parents who declare they know very little of the fubjeft ; to thefe the following remark may be acceptable, as it may en- able them to lead their children on, as above-mentioned, in imaginary journeys, or tours, round the earth, till they obtain, in this familiar way, a tolerable acquaintance with the different parts of our globe. To conceive aright of the world, being reprefented in two circles on the map, they are to obferve, that each of them reprefents a hemifphere, or oppofite half of the globe : if thefe circles were put back to back, faftened at the edges all round, and fwelled up like a blown bladder, into a fpherical form, it would give a reprefentation of our earth; when, therefore, in marking any line on either of thefe circles, we get off at one edge, we are immediately on the correfponding part of the other, and fo, on it, may purfue, or continue our track or way. Hence it will appear, that in describing a track round the whole earth, or globe, on the map, we rauft neceffarily crofs both the circles. PREFACE PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. T HE intelligent reader will readily difcern, that the preceding Pre- face is partly compiled from the materials furnifhed by Mr. Wal- ker in the firft; edition; and that it was judged neceffary to add a few o’bfervations, explaining fuch further particulars, of corredlion and im- provement, as had been introduced into the fecond. In that edition, many miftakes were re&ified, and the infertions made were fo very numerous and important, as greatly to add to the re- putation and value of the work ; indeed, the reception it has met with has been fo favourable, and the confequent demand for it fo uncommon, that the Editor can announce, with peculiar fatisfa&ion, the rapid lale of a very large impreffion, within the fpace of two years. This Preface is ftill retained, to enable the reader to furvey the ori- gin and-progrefs of the undertaking, and to enter more readily into the merits of the different editions; but in a work which has already given fuch great fatisfaflion to the public, and which, it may be fairly pre- fumed, will become more and more popular, in proportion to the addi- tional advantages which every new edition will pofTefs: it appears, in like manner, neceflary to enter into a fomewhat wider field of preliminary obfervation and remark, to retouch fome effential parts of the former Preface, which require further explanation, to {ketch out a more cor- re& idea of the plan, and to ftate more fully the many advantages which this edition poffeffes, fo as fully to juftify it's claim to fuperiority. The mod confpicuous feature in the charadler of this new and im- proved compilation, is the attempt to correct miftakes, and fupply many confiderable deficiencies, in the alphabetical regifter and notice of the feveral counties, hundreds, towns, villages, &c of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. This has been done, partly, by con- futing the large maps, actual furveys, &c. and partly by feledling ma- ny important and entertaining articles from a multiplicity of publica- tions, which have appeared, of late years, on different counties, towns, and other particular fubjedts of topograph cai defcription. The econo- mical writings ol Sir John Sinclair afford a rich variety of geographi- cal matter, lilullrative of places in Scotland, which have been hitherto wholly pafled over, or but {lightly noticed, and which have been much and long wanted. In availing hmifcif of many ot thefe, the Editor has diligently employed himlelt ; thus endeavouring to improve on the ori- ginal defignof this performance, (which was to introduce a comp lete Vi llarl Bru’anmcum into the aggregate of the work;, a plan for which the public are, and will remain greatly indebted to the former Editor, the learned and laborious Mr. Walker. This publication, like- wife, contains fome new and authentic accounts, coiledled with a view to fupply deficiencies in refpedt to particular parts of Ireland, in the ftatiftical PREFACE. viii ftatiftical and geographical hiftory of which country, it is to be regret- ted, thdt wo are ft iff extremely defeftive. This was the firft plan ever attempted, to comprife fo very complete and circumflantial a View of British and Irish Geography, in a work that otherwife piofeffed to embrace all the various advantages and excellencies to be found iirtJ FSN&.R al Gazetteers ; and, in this re- fpetl, Mr. Walker may SeTaiH to have produced a work unique in it's kind. Haying filled up the outline, which he had taken, and, in ma- ny refpe£ls, accomplished his original defign, (although, as a fir ft at- tempt, it was, as'might be expefted, extremely irnperfe& and defeftive in the execution) it was evident that, when announced to the world, a manual fo much wanted only required to be known, to meet with general approbation; and, accordingly, on it’s firft. appearance, it’s merit and ufefulnefs were immediately and univerfally acknowledged. Though Hill confefledly fhort of it’s attainable perfection* yet from the fuccels- ful efforts' of -the Editor, the work may be confidered as having ad- vanced. to a very defirable point of accuracy and fulnefs ; and it is ma- terial that' the public fhould be made fully acquainted with a fa6t not generally known, that no other univerfal Gazetteer, if examined, will be found fo well adapted to communicate information relative to the preient ilate of the Britifh Iflands, as Mr. Walker’s. Although a publication like the prefent will certainly prove of great utility to all kinds of readers, as mud be obvious at the fir ft infpection, to every intelligent perfon, yet the Editor thinks it not improper to mention a few particular claffes, or forts of readers, whom he has hjad immediately in view, and for the ufe of whom it is more particularly adapted, he having ftudied throughout, to incorporate into the work, complete and fatisfaftory information on every point of enquiry, which may be deemed neceffary to be known by perfons of thofe defcriptions. He begs leave, therefore, to recommend it to the fpecial attention of Youth, whether in a courfe of Itudy at fchool or otherwife; for the ufe, indeed, of whom it mull appear, at fir It view, more immediately cal- culated, and to whom it will prove very ferviceable in a double refpeft, as anfwering the purpofe of fatisfa&ory reference on all points of en- quiry immediately conne&ed with fubje&s of topographical nomencla- ture; and as tending to facilitate the knowledge of the maps, charts, and of the terreftrial globe. No part of education conduces more to form the character of youth — no kind of inftru&ion tends more effe&ually to develope the latent faculties — to excite a laudable emulation — to elevate the mind — .and infpire noble, magnanimous ideas, than that which is derived horn a competent knowledge of history. In proportion as the ft u- dent advances to perfection, approaches to excellence, in the acquire- ment of this fort of knowledge, he is enabled, with more energy and freedom, to think and judge for'himself. The Editor, at leaft, who has been long engaged in the tuition of youth, is of this opinion; nor does he ever recolleft to have met with a pupil, earneftly defirous of obtaining the reputation of a fcholar, to whom hiftorical and political refearches were not peculiarly acceptable and grateful. 1 But P R E F A C E; IX But even a knowledge of hiftory, though, in fome tneafure, the groundwork of all elegant and rational fludy, would be comparatively dull and infipid, or, at leaft, lofe much of it’s value, without it's great andeflential auxiliary — a thorough acquaintance with geography. In- deed, the latter may be not improperly confidered as a ufeful key to, and neceffary appendage of the former ; and they Ihould ever go hand in hand. It is likely, alfo, to be of very confiderable fervice to Commercial Travellers, to whom the Editor begs leave to fuggefl, that they have here an opportunity of being provided with an elegant and ufeful Vade Mecum ; and to whom it will be found more peculiarly defirable and convenient, from the infertion of the Pqjt Towns , Market Days 7 principal Fairs , & c. (omitted, either wholly or in part, in other works of this kind) and from the very confiderable materials relative to the prefent Hate of manufactures, the ufeful arts, commerce, (hipping, pro- duce, &c. of the different places defcribed, which the Editor has carefully collefted, for the foie purpofe of enriching this work. The Editor alfo begs leave earneftly to recommend it as a fuitable companion for Captains of Ships, and other persons em- barking on a sea voyage, who will meet with much ufeful in- ftruCtion in it, on a great variety of fubje&s more or lefs connected with navigation, and to whom it will even furnifh amufement in the cabin. In the ceffation of more important duties. It is attended with this fur- ther advantage, that, confidering the vaft mafs of information which it conveys, in the additional quantity of letter-prefs,from it’s compact form, and crowded page, it is, comparatively fpeaking, extremely portable, and will occupy very little room in the portmanteau or fea-cheft. Nor can he entertain a doubt, that it will be highly acceptable to Gentlemen Tourists, who travel partly for amufement, and partly lor the further polifhing and improvement of a claffical educa- tion. The tour of Europe has long been thought requifite to adorn and accomplifh the character of a gentleman — to finilh his ftudies — to expand his ideas — and enable him to furmount national prejudices. Indeed, for fome years part, excurfions to the Lakes of Cumberland, and other more diflant parts of the United Kingdom, have become very frequent; and thus the curious, the literati, and the fafhionable, as if eager to atone for the reproach of former inattention, have appeared anxious to do juftice to the beautiful fcenes of nature in our own coun- try. On fuch occafions it is of great importance, and muft afford con- fiderable pleafure to the Tourilt, to have an unafluming, acceptable companion in the post-chaise, that can fully acquaint him with $11 the material incidents refpe£ling a place, which had either wholly flipped from his memory, or the reading of which he had, perhaps, more fhamefully neglefled. He likewife hopes that it w^ll prove extremely acceptable to real antiquarians, who will find it of ufe, on numerous occafions, to confult a publication like the prefent; many of the defcriptions contain- ed in it being very curious of themfelves, well worthy of attention, and calculated to gratify the tafle of all who make obje&s of this nature their iiudy or amufement. In X P R E F A G E. In this enlightened age, politics will neceflarily became an inte- refling and important topic of converfatjon; and it is impoflible for any perfon even to run oven a newfpaper to the fatisfaetion of himfelf and others, without having made fome previous improvement in purfuits intimately connected with it. Indeed, a knowledge of geography may be not improperly confidered as the indifpenfible paflport into all gen- teel company; and nothing can place any man, who is raifed a few de- grees above the vulgar, in a more contemptible point of view, than to betray a total ignorance of fubje&s relating to it. This compilation will alfo be found very proper to be ufed as a fuit- able introduction to larger works, and it has, in this refpecl, the re- commendation of being extremely well fitted for the ufe and benefit of private learners. The more advanced itudent will alfo find, that a con- fiderable portion of ufeful defcription has been introduced into the work, to render it more particular and fatisfa61ory, and certainly fuperior, as a copious abstract, to moft, if not all, of it’s predeceffors on the fame fubjeft. It will likewife, it is prefumed, improve and do great fervice to even the higheft clafs of readers, who will find, in this new edition, very large alterations and improvements, including a great number of original articles, well worthy of their diligent perufal. But the Editor trufts that it will not only be found ufeful as a com- prehenfive Dictionary to refer to, but likewife valuable as a work of general entertainment to private families as well as individuals, par- ticularly to fuch readers as have neither time, means, nor inclination, to learch for information in larger works ; and even fuch as are fup- pofed to be unlettered, thofe, at leaft, who have not had the benefit of a very liberal education, (of whom there is a large proportion both in town and country), will derive fingul’ar advantages, from having in their pofleflion a repofitory of geographical knowledge, like the prefent, abounding with fuch a rich variety of novel and authentic matter. Fully convinced of it’s fuperior excellence and utility, the Editor does not hefitate, in it’s prefent improved lfate, to reft it’s merits with the public, on a candid perufal and examination. Having fucceeded near- ly to the utmoft of his wifhes, in his ftudious endeavours to enhance the value of this performance, (although it is not meant to be offered as ela- borate or perfeft), and to render it as complete as can poflibly be ex- pe&ed, confiftently with the defign of an abridgment, he indulges the hope, that it will be found fufficiently interefting and inftru£tive to re- commend itfelf. A plain, popular, and agreeable work, concerted on fo judicious a plan, and executed on fo ample and correct a fcale, fo much exceeding the former editions, in quantity, and fo fuperior in it’s materials, can fcarcely fail to obtain a degree of public approbation ifrongly marked, and a faleand circulation, in fome meafure, adequate t*>, and commenfurate with, it’s real importance and ufe. INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. Land and Water. ' A CONTINENT is a large tra& of land not feparated by the fea ; as Eu- rope, Afia, &c. An ocean is a vaft colleftion of water not feparated by land • Ss the Atlantic, Pacific, &c. A fea is a fmaller colleftion of water, com- nruniciting with the ocean; as the Mediterranean, the Baltic. An ifiand is a traa of land furrounded by water; as Great Britain, Ireland, &c« A lake is water furrounded by land ; as the Lake of Geneva. A cape, or promontory, is a proje&ion or point of land running far into the lea; as the Cape of Good Elope. A peninfula is land alrnoft furrounded with water; as the Morea. A gulf is a part of the fea almoft furrounded with land ; as the Gulf of Perfia. An iftnmus is the narrow part of land which joins a peninfula to a continent, or larger country ; as the Ifthmus of Suez. A ftrait is a narrow' channel which affords a paffage from one fea to another; as the Straits of Gibraltar. Definitions op Circles, &c. Aftronomers have confidered the ftarry heavens as a fphere, with our earth m the centre: this is the appearance they make to our fenfes. They have divided the celeftial and terreftrial fpheres, by great^ and lefs circles : great circles ar® thofe which divide the fphere equally ; lefs circles are thofe which divide it un- equally. Great Circles • Lefs Circles. The Ecliptic. The Equator. Circles of Longitude and Meridian. The Horizons. Az-imuths. Parallels of Latitude and Declination. Tropics. Polar Circles. Almicanters, or Parallels of Altitude. To imagine that the earth Hands ftill, and that the fun lifes and falls, is a falfe idea, however confonant to the perception of our fenfes, and as romantic as the notion that houfes, trees, &c. upon land are moving pail us, when wc fail in a veffel along the (Wore. While our earth annually performs an orbit round the fun, the latter appears to defcribe a circle in the heavens, and we feem to {land ftill ; this circle is called the ecliptic. The zodiac is the fame imaginary kind of circle, but ex- tended to a confiderable breadth on each fide of the ecliptic, including the paths of all the planets. The ancients divide the Zodiac into 1 2 parts, and imagined or contrived certain figns in each divifion. Their names and characters are as follow : Northern Signs. Y' Aries, ft Taurus. II Gemini. 55 Cancer. SI Leo. npe Vir g°* Southern Signs • £: Libra. Scorpio. X Sagittarius. Vf Capricornus. ZS Aquarius. K Pifces. The equator divides the fphere into the northern and fouthern hemifpheres* The latitude of a place upon earth, and the declination of a heavenly objeCt, as xii INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. as a flar or planet, are their difiances from the equator. The tropics are pa- rallels of latitude or declination, near 234 degrees from the equator: the tro- pics bound the ecliptic in the heavens, and on earth, the torrid zone. The polar circles are the fame diftance from the poles as the tropics are from the equator. On earth, the temperate zones lie between the polar circles and tro- pics, the frigid zones lie within the polar circles. Meridians are indefinite in number ; their planes interfedl that of the equator at right angles. The longitude of a place upon earth, and the riglit afcenfion of a heavenly objeft, are their di fiances from a certain meridian. Circles of longitude in the heavens are indefinite in number; their planes interfeft that of the ecliptic at right angles. The latitude of any heavenly objeft is it’s difiance from the ecliptic ; the longitude it’s diftance from that circle of longitude, which pafle3 through the firfl point of Aries. The horizon is that circle which bounds our fight, or it is the termination of what is vifible to us of the Iky, when on the fea, or an extenfive level plane* Solar System. The names and charters by which aftronomers exprefs the planets are follow, in order from the fun : Mercury. Venus. Earth. Mars. Jupiter. Saturn. Herfchel* $ * 0 (T % h # The planets are attracted by the fun, and would be drawn into it, and con- fumed, were it not for an impulfe they have received, which tends to throw them off in a right line; by the combination of thefe two forces, (the centri- petal, or centre-feeking, and the centrifugal, or centre-fleeing) they are pre- ferved in their orbits. The three outer planets have each of them feveral fatellites, or moons, ac- companying them The comets of our fyftem are fuppofed to be 21 in num- ber, they are found to be under the fame laws with the planets, but their orbits are very eccentric* An idea of a place, or it’s fituation, may fometimes be formed from it’s name. In England, borough , bury, berry , burgh , or brought as alfo (after, chefter, ceafter , and chafter , at the end of the name of a place, (how it to have been a town or fortified place. Chip , cheap, chipping , in the names of places, implies a market; combe , a valley between two hills ; and comb in the end, or comp in the beginning of names, a low fituation. Minfter , is a contraction of monaftery. Mou h expreffes the fituation where a river falls into the fea, or other water 5 and nefs, a promontory which runs into the water in a form refembling a nofe. Thorp , throp, threp , trep, and trap, all fignify a village ; and a void, whether fingly or jointly, fignifies a plain open country, or hills without a wood. In Ireland, ard fignifies high; ath, water; bally , a town, and cion , a retire- ment. Dun and rath imply a fort. Innit fignifies an ifland ; kil , a church j knock, a hill ; Us, an inclofure; lough , a lake; and rnagh^ a field. THE THE UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER A A K A A, three large rivers, one in Cour- land, which runs into the bay of Riga; one of Artois, which rifes however in Picardy, and pafles by St. Omers and Gravelines, below which it falls into the Englifli Channel ; and one in Weftphalia, which rifes near Munfter, waters that city, and afterwards falls into the river Embs: al fo feveral other fmaller rivers of France, Germany, Flanders, Swiflerland, and the United Provinces, Aa in the Danifti language, Ea in the Saxon, and Eau in the French, fignify water. Aach, a fmall town of Nellenburgh, in Suabia, near a river of the fame name, which falls into the Lake of Zell. It is fubje< 5 t to Auftria, and feated on an emi- nence between the Danube and the Lake of Conftance. Lat. 47. 4.5. N. Ion. 9. o. E. Aaggii Doggii, a mountain of Ama- lia, in Turkey, on the frontiers of Perfia, over which the caravans pafs, in their journey between Conftantinople and Ifpa- han. Aag-Holm, a fmall ifland on the coaft of Norway. Lat. 58. N. Aahus, a fmall town, in a county of the fame name, in Munfter, Weftphalia, fituatecf near the fource of the Aa. Lat. 48. 13. N. Ion. 7. 22. E. Aain Charin, a village near Jerufa- lem, faixl to be the place where Zacha- rias lived, and much frequented by pil- grims. Near it there is a convent, a large elegant building, with a handfome cupola, under which is a remarkably fine mofaic pavement : the altar, which is a very fplen- did one, encompafled with marble fteps, is laid to be built on the very fpot where John the Baptift was born. AAK1AR, a diftricf of N, Jutland. AAR AakiRKE, a town in the ifland of Bornholm j the feat of the civil court and fynod. Aalberg, or Aalburg^ the mod northern biftiopric in Jutland, 5 has for it’s capital Aalborg, (that is, eel-town, from the number of eels taken there) an old, large and populous city, and, next to Copenha- gen, the richeft and beft in Denmark. It has an exchange, and a harbour deep and lecure, but rather dangerous in the en- trance. It carries on a confiderable trade in herrings and corn, and has,a manufac- tory of (addles, gloves, guns, piftols, &c. Lat. 57. 18. N. Ion. 10. 16. E. Aalast, or Aelst. See Alost. Aalen. SeeAuLEN. • Aalheide, a large heath in Jutland. Aama, a province of Barbary, 15 days journey from Tunis. The entrance to it is very dangerous, being very long and narrow, among quicklands and rivers, fo covered with dull, that they appear like one continued plain. Aan Sire, a fmall ifland of Norway. Aar, two large rivers in Germany and Swiflerland, the former of which rifes in Blankenheim, Weftphalia, and falls into the Rhine pppolite Lintz, in Cologne: the latter rifes near the fource 'of the Rhine, and after paffing through the Lakes of Brientz and Thun, falls into the Rhine near Zurfacb, in Baden : and an ifland in the Baltic, for which laft fee Arroe. Aarasso, an ancient city of Alia Mi- nor, mentioned by Strabo, but at prefent oniy a village. Aar aw, a town and bailiwick in Bern, where the diets of the proteftant cantons are held, fn thefe aflemblies, the deputies £ and and their fervants, being all citizens, dine W the fame hall. It is fituated cn the ri- ver Aar, and contains about 1700 fouls. Tne principal manufactures ate cotton, printed linens, cutlery, and tanning. Lat. 47 20. N, Ion. 8. 10. E. Aarberg, or Aarburg. See Ar; BerG , Aardalswerk, or Semdalsweric, a copper- work, now diluted, in the parilh of Leyrdal, in Norway. Aarhuus, a diocefe of N. Jutland, ere< 5 led in the year 950. It contains 308 pari tiles, befides the capital, Aarhuus, Harhus, < r Arhusen, an open, large, and populous city, with two marketplaces, an hofpital, univerfity, ca- thedral, and other public buildings. It lies low, on a beautiful plain, between the iea and an inland lake ; from which laft the water is conveyed, by means of a pretty broad. canal through the town. The harbour at thy mouth of this canal or ri- ver, is very fafe and commodious, but hardly of fufficient depth and extent for the trade of the place. Lat. 55. 6. N. Ion. 10. o. E. Aarseo, or Arzeo, a tradihg town of Algiers, near the mouth of the river fylina. Lat. 36. 50. N. Ion# a. 10. E. Aar’s Herred, a diflrift of N. Jut- land, containing 14 pari flies. Aastrup, a diftridl of Aalberg, in N. Jutland, to which belong the Herreds of Wenneborg, with 1: parifhes, and Jer- lef, with the like number. Aasum Herred, a diftriH of Ny- borg, in Funen, containing ti parifhes. Aattic, a village in Aatter, a dillrffl of Yemen, in Arabia Felix. Ababa, the modern name of the Pe- neus, a celebrated river of ThefTaly. Abaca, one of the Philippine Iflands. Abach, or Weltenburg, a town of Lower Bavaria, fituated on the Danube, having excellent fprings of mineral waters, which are celebrated for curing many dif- en fes, as a!fo federal remarkable Roman antiquities. Lat. 48. 53. N. Ion. n. 59. E. Abaco, one of the Lucaya or Bahama Iflands. Lat. 26. 40. N. Ion, 77. 4. W. Abacooke, a mountain of Arabia Felix. Abadan, a town of Perfia, fituated at the mouth of the Tigris. Al3APEt)E, a mountain in Egypt, the refidence, ill antiquity, of the Egyptian Magi j it was much revered by the Ro- mans on their obtaining it, and was after- wards inhabited by chrittian devotees, who lived in caves. dug out of the rock. Abakan, a river falling info the Jene- fei, near it’s fource in Afiatic Ruff.a, and 16 miles S. of the town of Abakanfk, n- tuated in the province of Kciivan. Lat. 53. 5. N. Ion. 94. 5. E. Abalaskoi, or Abalak, a town of Siberia, near Tobolfk, frequented bv pil- grims, on account of a flatue, called ihe image of the Virgin Mary. Lat. 58. 11. N. long. 68. 20. E. A Bala, an ancient city of the tribe of Judah. Aeallo. See Avallon. Abano, a town of Padua, famous in ancient and modern times for it’s warm baths. In one of thefe, 'called Bagnio dz Fanga, the patient, in hopes of a cure, is covered all over with the warm mud. Lat. 45. 30. N. Ion, 10. 47. E. Aearaner, a city of Turcomania, faid to contain about 300 Chriftian fami- lies. It is feated on the river Aiingena, 20 miles N. of Nackiivan. Lat. 39. o. N. Ion. 63. 59. E. Abargale, a country of AbyfTjnia. Abarim, or Abaraim, in (acred hif- tory, high mountains of fteep alcenf , which feparated the territory of the Moabites and Ammonites from Canaan. Nebo and Pif- gah were among them, and Moles died on one of them. Abasa, a fmall town of Romania, in which are an elegant mbfque and a Spacious kane or inn. It is 12 miles from Adriano- pie, on the road to Conflantinople. Abassia, the modern name of a king- dom in Upper Ethiopia ; it comprehends the provinces of Bagemeder, Gojam, Wa- leka, Shewa, &c. and is very mountain- ous ; in fome parts the rocks are lb fLep, that mea and cattle are craned up by help of ropes and ladders, yet on the tops of thefe there are woods, meadows, and fifh- ponds. Abatos, an ifland of Egypt, in the LakeMoeris, famous for being the Sepul- chre of Oiiris , and for producing the pa- pyrus, of which the ancients made their paper. Abavviwar, a country in Upper Hun- gary. Abaskaja, a town on the river If- chim, in Siberia. Lat. 50. 10. N. Ion. 69. 5. E. ^ Abbas Comb , a parifli in Somerfet- fliire, 4 miles from Milburn-Port. Ab- batflon , or Abberjion , Hampfliire, near Al- r.sford. Abe e fiord, a fea-port of Aggerhuys. Abbenhall , Glouc. 12 miles from the city of Gloucefter, and 3 from Newnham. It is noted for a fpring of rock water, very efficacjjous ABB efficacious in the cure of cutaneous erup- tions. Abberlough. a lake in Argylefhire. Abberton, near Lexden, Effcx. Abberton, near Perlhore, 7 miles from Worcefter, noted for it’s bitter, mineral water. Ab- berwick, NW. of Alnwick, Northumber- land. Abbeville, a contiderable town in the department of Somme, in France, about 1 5 miles from the Englifh Channel, feated in a pieafanc valley. It is famous for its ma- nufacture of black and green foaps, woollen and linen cloths ; ^nd carries on an exten- five trade by means of the river Somme, which runs through the town, dividing it- felf into feveral branches, and in which the tide riles 6 feet. It is 52 miles S. of Calais, and 80 N. by W. of Paris. Lat. 50. 7. N. Ion. 1. 55. E. Abbeville, a county of S. Carolina. * Abbey-boyle, a town in Rofcom- mon, Connaught, fituated on the river Buelle, over which there are z ftone bridges. It is chiefly remarkable for it’s old abbey, and is 20 miles N. of Rofcoramon, 32 NW. of Atiilone, and 84 from Dublin. Abbey- Feale, a (’mail town in Limerick. Abbey-Holme, or Holme-Cul- Trum, a town in Cumberland, fo called from an abbey built there by David king of Scots. It is feated on an arm of the fea, 16 miles SW. of Carlifle. Abbey -Manor , Berkfhire, 3 miles from Wantage. Abbe y-Milton, or Middleton, an ancient little town, in Dorfetfhire, noted formerly for ir’s abbey. It is 12. miles NE. of Dorchefter. Abbey Knockrfioy , a town ,in ^Galway, Connaught. Abbey Mahon , in Cork, Munfter. Abbey -0 dor ney, in Kerry, Mun- fter; near the river Brick, 141 miles from Dublin. Abbey-Shrule , in Longford, Lei niter. A ebi an y, a town on the coaft of Guinea. Abbington , near Northampton. Abbing- torij near Royfton, Cambridgefliire. Ab~ bington , Magna and Parva, near Linton and Bournbridge, Cambridgefliire. Ab- born y or Anxsburn Chapel, on the E. coaft ©t Yorklhire, 10 miles from Flamborough. Abbots , or Ape^wood CaJUe , in Stafford- shire, fituated on a lofty round promontory, and a deep ridge of hills, extending a mile in length, having hollows cut in the ground ; it is fuppofed to have been one continued fortification of the ancient Bri- tons, the hill at each end having been a kind of baftion. It is in the parilh of Seif- don, and 7 miles from Wolverhampton. Abbots Anne , near Andover, Hampfhire. ABE Abbots -Beckington, on the river Ttfw- ridge, Devonlhire. Abbots-BromleyJPagets Brom- ley, or Bromley- Abbey, a town ini Sraffordfhire, 6 miles E. of Stafford, and 129 NW. of London. Market on Tuef. Abbotseury, a town of Dorfetfltire, where there is a very large fwannery. The town confifts of 3 ftreets in the form of the letter Y. It’s chief trade is fi filing. It is 10 miles SW. of Dorchefter, and 127 W. by S. of London. Market on Thurfday. Abbotjbnry, near Barley, Hertf. Abbot's - Carepwell, Devon. Abbot's Crome, Wore. Abbot's, Fee- 7 y thing, near Shirborn, Dor- let. Abbotjham, near Biddetord, Devon. Abbot's- Langley , near Barkway, Hertf. Abbot's- Leigh , or IJle y near llminfter, So- merletf. Abbotjley , near St. Neot’s, Huntf. Abbot's Moreton, Worceft. Abbotjlock, De- von. Abbotjloke y near Beminfter, Dorfet. Abbotjion, or Abjlon, near Kingfwood, Gloucef. called alfo Wyke, from a winding brook that runs by it. Abbotjion, near Syfton, Glouc. Abbotjion , Wilts. Abbot- jion , Hants, near Alresford. Abbotjroot, Dorfet, near Winborn-Minfter. Abbotj- a town in ancient geo- graphy, fituated in the territory of the Ei- con i. Adriano- a-Sierra, a chain of moun- tains of Bilcay, in Spain. There is a road over them to Aalba and Old Caflile, which at it’s beginning is a dark path of fifty paces, cut through a rock, and then leads over the higheft of the Pyrenees. Adrianople, a confiderable city cf Romania, and the fee of an archbilhop, under the patriarch of Conftantinople. It is about 7 or 8 miles in circumference, in- cluding the old city and fome gardens. The houfes are low, moilly built of mud and clay, and fome of brick* and the fireets are exceedingly dirty. The public buildings are themolques, and a beautiful bazar, or exchange, called Ali Balia, which is a vail arched building, with 6 gates, and 365 rich, well -furnilhed Ihops, ex- tending half a mile in length, and kept by Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews. The inhabitants are elfimated at about 100.000. The Turks took this city from the Greek emperors in 1362, ami made it the feat of their empire till Mahomet If. giunw-sd lorha/l^rs irazetteer. £RS took Conftantinople in 14.53* Adrianopte is pleafantly fituared on a beautiful plain, and i6 watered with three rivers, (fuppof- ed to be branches of the ancient Hebrus) the largeft of which, called the Marita, is navigable. It is 1 15 miles NW. of Con- ftantinople. Lat. 41. 45. N. Ion. 26. 27. E. Adrington, Suflex, near Arundel. Ad- rington, Devonf. near Barnftaple. Adrumetum. See Mahometta. Adfcomb , Surry, near Croydon. Adfet , Gloucef. near Weftbury. Ad/tock, near Buckingham. Adjhn , or Adfon , Nor- thamp. between Brackley and Daventry. Advene , Cornwall, near Lel'neath. Adventure Island, a l'mall ifland in the S. Sea, fo called from the fhip Ad- venture, in which Capt. Furneaux, the difcoverer, failed. The inhabitants ap- pear mild and cheerful, but not enterprif- ing or active. Lat. 17. 5. S. Ion. 144. 18. W. Adventure Bay, in Van Diemen’s Land, on the E. coaft of New Holland. Lat. 43. 23. S. Ion. 147. 30. E. Adugak, one of the Fox lflands, in the Northern Archipelago. Adula, a mountain of Navarre*, Spain. Adur , a river in Suflex, which falls into the Englifli Channel below Arundel. Ad- vjalton , Yorkf. 5 miles from Leeds. Ad- *ivel, Oxfordf. between Thame and Wat- lington. Advoick on Stratton, or on the- Strect , Yorkf. near Doncafter. Adzel, a fmall town near Riga. Adzeneta, a fmall town of Valencia, on the frontiers of Arragon. Adzud, a town of Moldavia. ^EbORA, JEBURA. SeeTALAVERA. JEgades, or ^Egates, three iflands, viz. Levenzo, Favignana, and Maritimo, on the VV. fide of Sicily. .Elen, a diftrid of Bern. ZEgelstawik, a harbour of Suderma- nia. -Elst. SeeALOST. -Egean Sea. See Archipelago. .Egina, an ifland in the Archipelago, anciently Oenone and Myrmidonia, the in- habitants of which were called Myrmidons, that is, pifmires or emmets, from the great pains they took in cultivating the earth. Emilian Ways, two confular roads in Italy, made before the Chriftian aera. Erdengburg. See Ardenburg. Erding, a town and diftrid of Lower Bavaria. Ershot, or Aerschot, a large walled town of Brabant, 9 miles NE. of Louvain. It is the chief place of a duke- dom of the fame name, lying ea Award of Mechlin, about : 4 miles long and 4 broad. A F U Eth. See Ath. Ethiopia. See Ethiopia. .E thrAj a river of Sweden. .Etna. See Etna. Afervoick , Worcef. near Sukely. Affane , a parilh in Waterford county. Arlington, Dorfetf. near Blandford. Af- fordby , Leicefterf. near Hallaton. Afff\d~ die , Dorfetf. near Bcre-regis. Afghans, the general name of a mi- litary horde, in Pcrfia, employed by the late Kouli Khan. Afra, a caftle of Biledulgerid, on the borders of Zrara, built by Cherif Maho- met, king of Sus. Lat. 28. 20. N. Ion. 23. 10. E. AFRICA, one of the four grand divi- fions of the globe, is bounded on the N. by the Mediteiranean, which feparates it from Europe; on the NE. by the Red Sea, which feparates it from Afla, lava where they are conne&ed together by the ifthmus of Suez ; it’s other Chores are waChed by the Ocuan. The greateft part of this largeft of all peninfulas, lies within the torrid zone, hence the inhabitants are all of dark complexions; and in the cen- tre and fouthwards they are quite black. The mountains and rivers of Africa are ve- ry large; the country is extremely fertile, except in thofe extenfive trails that are unfupplied with moifture ; there the coun- try is parched up, and the Ireat becomes infupportafhle. In crofting thefe arid de- ferts, the lands are Comet imes lo railed by the winds, that whole caravans are buried under them: on the other hand, nothing' can be more beautiful than the fertile parts of Africa ; the luxuriancy of the landfcape, continually clothed with all the beauties of fpring, fummer, and harvelf, furpafles all defeription ; and the variety of animals, is much greater here than in the other parts of the globe. Africa lies be- tween the parallels of 37. o. N. and 35. o. S. latitude, and between 17. o, W. and 51. o. E. longitude, and may be divided as follows: Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, Barca, Egypt, Biledulgerid, Zaara, Negroland, Guinea; Upper Ethio- pia, including Nubia, Abyflinia, and Abex; Lower Ethiopia, Loango, Congo, Ango- la, Benguela, Mataman, Ajan, Zangue- bar, Monomotapa, Monoemugi, Solala, Terra de Nata], and Caflfraria. The length of Africa, from the Cape of Good Hope to the moll northern pait, is 4600 miles ; and it’s greateft: breadth, from Cape Verd to Cape Guardafui, is 3500. Africa, or Mehedita, a lea-port of Tunis. Lat. 35. 36. N. Ion. tt. 10. E. Af V FRA. See M AS AF U E R O . A F WEST AD, A G G Afwestad, a town of Sweden, in Da- Jeeatlia, which has large copper-works, aiid a mint- for fmall filver coin. Lat. 61. 10. N. Ion. 14. 10. E. Afwiowara, a village of Danifh Lapland, fituated among' the mountain's. It has a bailiwick and a court of law. Lat. 69. 20. N. Ion, 26. 12. E. Aga, or Agag, a kingdom of Abyf- finia. Agades, a town, and a kingdom of Negroland, between Gubur and Cano, for- merly, and perhaps (till, tributary to the king of Tombuftou. It produces excel- lent grafs, cattle, lena, and manna. Lat. so. 10. N. Ion. 14. o. E. Agamenticus, a mountain of N. America, in the province of Main, in lat. 43. 16. N. It is a noted landmark for faiiors, about 8 miles from the i’ea, and a few miles W. from Wells. Agan, one of the Ladrone iflands, where Magellan, in fearch of the Molucca iflands, was aflaflinated. Aganara, a town of Hither India. Agatha, St. 4 towns of Naples. Agatha , St. Yorkf. N. Riding. Agatton, a town of Guinea, near the mouth of the river Formofa. Agborough , Worcef. near Bromfgrove. Agbury,. Lane, near Weft Derby. Adge, a populous town in the depart- ment of Herault, fituated on the river He- rault, about a league and a half from it’s mouth, where it falls into the Gulf of Lyons. Lat. 44. 19. N. Ion. 3.33. E. Agden , near Broxton ; Agden> near Buckiow; both in Cheshire. Agdenas, a fmall diftrift of Dron- theim. Agdeside, of Chriftianfand, both in Norway, Agen, a populous and ancient city in the dept, of Lot and Garonne, capital of Agenda ; it is feated on the banks of the Garonne, in one of the moll agreeable countries in France: but the city is, in itf'clf, a very dil'agreeable place, the houfes being ill-built, and the ftreets narrow and dirty. Prunes here form a conficlerable ohjtbl of commerce, and they have alfo man u fa&Ures of table linen, camlets, ferges, and fail-cloth. This city was the refidence of Julius Scaliger, and the birth place of his ion Jofepli, that' prodigy of learning. It is 108 miles SE. of Bour- deaux. Lat. 44. 12. N. Ion. o. 4. E. Agenebat, a town of Tranfylvania. Acer, a town of Catalonia. Agefian, Wight Ifle, near Medina. Ag- fbrd, a hamlet of Fromefelwood, in Somer- fetfhire. Agga, Agonna, or Aguna, a coun- A G I try of Benin, in Africa, where the Englifti have a fort. Aggerhuys* a very mountainous diocefe or province, the largeft in the king- dom ; alfo a town, it’s capital ; and a mountain-fortrefs of Norway; all in the S. part of Norway. This laft, an old caf- tle, the general refidence of the governor, and which gives name to the reft, is fitu- ated on or near a bay, about a league W. of Chriftiana. Aggeroe, a fortrefs, and Agger- herred, a diftrift of Aggerhuys, or Chriftiana. Aghabae , in Queen's co. Lemfter. Agh - abolloge , in Cork, Munfter. Aghadoe y in Kerry, Munfter. Aghadonvn y in Cork, Munfter. Aghagowoer t in Mayo, Con- naught. Agkamore , in Kerry, Munfter, Agh av a Ilia, in Kerry, Munfter. Agh - dare , in Mayo, Connaught. Agh ills > cer- tain loughs, near Skibbereen, in Cork, Munfter. Aghogill, or Ahogill , in Antrim, Ulfter. Aghrirn, in Wicklow, Leinfter, Aghrim , or Aughrim , a village of Galway, Connaught, famous for a decifive battle fought near it July 12, 1691, between General Ginckle and Monfletir St. Ruth, the commanders under king William III. and James II. when St. Ruth was (lain, with about 4000 of his men ; but the lofs of the English did not exceed 800 killed. It is diftant about 72 miles from Dublin. Aghunalashk a. See Unalashka. Agilfwell, Devon, near Newton- Bufliel. Agimere, or Azmere, a town and territory of Hindooftan, having Delhi on the N. and Guzerat'on the S. It contains many fmaller Hates, as' Agimere Proper, Rampour, J-oodpour, Rantampour, Joina- gur, Banfwaleh, Nagore, and Bickaneer. Aginar de Sousa, a diftrift in £n- tre Minho e Duero, Portugal. Agin court, a village in the county of St. Pol, in the depart, of the Straits of Calais, rendered famous to all pofterity, by a battle fought near it, 061. 25, 1415* wherein Henry V. king of England, with an army varioufly ftated at from 22 to 10.000 men, obtained a complete viftory over an army of French, confifting of 60.000 men, by the loweft accounts; but according to fome contemporary writers, of 100, or even 140,000 men. The French left dead 92 barons, 1500 knights, and 8000 gentlemen of family, and feverai thoufand private men, without including 14.000 prifoners, among whom were the Duke of Orleans, and many others of great diftin61ion : while the lofs of the Englifh, including the Duke of York and the Earl of Suffolk, who were killed, did not ex- ceed A G R #eed ioo men. Lat. 50. 31. N. Ion. 2. 10. Agiru, one of the four bailiwicks of Corfu, in the Gulf of Venice j it has 20 villages, and 8000 inhabitants. Agivas, a fmall town in Alentejo. Agle, Lincolnfhire, near Boothby Fun- nel. Aglionby , Cumberland, in the parifh of Warwick. Aglijby co. Waterford, Munfter. Agmat, or Agmet, in the province, and on a river of the fame name, in Mo- rocco, is a plealant town on the declivity of one of the mountains o^ Atlas. Lat. 30. 56. N. Ion. 7. 15. W. ■ Agmondejham. See Amerfham. Agnabat, or Agnethin, a town of Tfanfyl vania. Lat. 46. 40. N. Ion. 24. jo. E. Agnabelloa, a village of the Mila- nefe, near the river Adda. Agnan, a fmall town in the dept, of Loire and Cher, in the form of an amphi- theatre, at the foot of which runs the Cher. It is diftant 60 miles from Bourges. Agnano, a circular lake in Terra di Lavora. Agnes, St. one of the Scilly Ifles. Agnes , St. and it's Well , Corn, between St. Ives and St. Michael. AG'NO, a divifion of Lauvis, Swill. Agnon, or Agno, the Clanius of the ancients ; a river of Terra di Lavora. Agnona, a town of Abruzzo Citra. Agon, an ifland and harbour on the coaft of Sweden. Lat. 61. 20. N. Ion. 18. jo. E. Agonna. See Agga. Agosta, a fea-port of Skily, moftly fwallowed up by an earthquake in 1763, but fince rebuilt. It is 18 miles N. of Sy- racufe. Agra, the capital of a province of the fame name in Hindocftan 5 was, in the Iaft century, a molt extenfive and opulent city, where the Great Mogul fometimes refided. His palace was prodigioufly large, and the (eraglio contained above xooo women $ the palaces of the Omrahs and others were numerous ; here were above 60 fpacious caravanferas, 800 baths, 700 mofques, and 2 magnificent maufoleums. The Perfians, Chinefe, and Englirti re- forted here, and the Dutch had a factory : the inhabitants dealt in fcarlet, looking- glafies, filver, gold, lace, hardwares, cloth ©I Jclapour, and fpices.' It was fortified in the Indian manner, and had a wall and fine citadel, built of a red freeffone. Agra has fince rapidly declined. It is feated on the river Jemma, 100 miles S. by E. of Delhi. Lat, 27. 2.0, N, Ion, 78. 30. E, A J A Agramont, a fmall town of Catalo- nia, capital of a diftrift. Agreable, an ifie in a river of Fez. Ag red A, a populous town of Old Caf- tile, in lat, 41. 50. N. Ion. 2. o. W. and a town of Pcpayan, S. America. Agria. See Eger. Agrignan, one of the Lndronelfiands. Agrimont, a town of Bafilicata. Agropoli, a townof Principal Citra. Agua de Pao, a town in the ifland St. Michael, one of the Azores. Aguada, in Goa, India. Agua.de Peixes, a town in Alentejo. Agua Reves, a town in Tra-los- Montcs. Aguas Bellas, and Agueda, or Agada, towns in Poituguefe Eftrema- dura. AguepersE. See Aigueperse. Aguiar, a town of Beira, and a place in Alentejo. Aguiar de So usa, a conceltho, or par- ticular jurifdi£tion in EntreDuero e Minho. Aguias, a town in Alentejo. Aguila, a town and river of Fez. Aguilar, a town of Navarre, in Spain. Aguilar del Campo, a town in Old Caftile. Aguir, a town of Alentejo. Agurande, a town in the depart, of Indre. Aharcrofs , in Cork, Munfter. Ahafcragh , in Galway, Connaught. Ahlen, a town of Munfter, Weftphaiia. Ahsah, a town of Chufiftan, Perfia. Ahuys, a fea-port of Schanen. Ajaccio, or Ajazzo, a town on the weftern fide of Corfica, pretty populous, and the fee of a bifhop, with a good har- bour. It is one of the nine rfiftrifU of the department. Lat. 41. 50, N. Ion. 8. 50. E. Aial, a town of Berdoa, in Africa. . Ajan, or. Ajen, a country on the eaft coaft of Africa, fouth of Abyftinia and the Straits of Babelmandel ; it extends about 1500 leagues in length, from Magadoxa to Cape Guardafui. The eaftern coaft is fandy and barren, but to the N. the coun- try is more fertile, producing, more parti- cularly, an excellent breed of horfes, which, the Arabian merchants, who come to trade in their ports, take, together with ivory, gold, Abyffinian (laves, captured in war, &c. in exchange for filks, cottons, and other cloths. The inhabitants are not fo dark complexioned as thole on the weft coaft, and their hair is rather long. They are accounted good Muffulmans. Farther from thefea, there are negroes, who, mar- 3 rying A I G rving with the Bedouins, a kind of Arabs, have children that are mulattoes. Ajalon, a valley between Jerufalem and Gath. Ajas, a town of Natolia. Ajazza, a lea-port of Caramania. Arc ha, a town of Bavaria, on the Par. AichstadT, or Eichstadt, capital of an extenfive hifhopnc of the fame name in Franconia. Here are feveral hoipitals, an alms houfe, a feminary for lludents, a cathedral and other churches, one of which is built after t he model of that called the Holy Sepulchre at Jerufalem 5. here is alfo a curious piece of workmanlhip, called the Sun of the Holy Sacrament* it is of malfy gold, of great weight, and is enriched with 350 diamonds, 1400 pearls, 250 rubies, and other precious Itones. The bilhop is a fovereign prince. Aichftadt is feated in a valley, on the river Altmul, 30 miles S. ol Nuremburg. Lat. 48. 57. N. Ion. 11. o. E. Aidae, or Ghaidae, a town on the coaft of the Red Sea, in Africa, oppofite to Gidda * -from hence great numbers of Africans take hupping to vifit Mecca. Aiderbezan., or Azerbeyan, a fruitful province of Perfia, W. of the Caf- pian Sea, and having Georgia on the N. It’s chief town is Taurus. The climate is healthy, but cold. Aiello* a town and lordlhip of Cala- bria Ultra. Aighton , Lane, near Blackbourn. Aigle, a little town in the depart, of Orne, where they carry on a trade in corn, hardware, and pins. It is 47 miles SW. of Rouen. Lat. 48. 45. N. Ion. 1. o. E. Aigle, a neat little town in the canton of Berne, the houfes of which are built with a white marble, found in the neigh- bourhood. It is feated on the Rhone, about 6 miles from its entrance into the Lake of Geneva. Aignan, St. a town in the depart, of Dordogne. Aignebelle, or Aiguesselle, a little town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, on the river Arej and a town in the dept, of Drome. Aigue-per.se, a town in the dept, of Puy-de-Dome, near which there is a veiy cold fpring, which bubbles up with a ftrong ebullition. It is 18 miles N. of Clermont, and 261 S. of Paris. Lat. 46. 6. N. Ion. 3. 20. E. Aiguescaudes, a diftriSI in the dept, of Lower Pyrenees, remarkable for a warm ipring, the wateis of which are oil)', faponaceous, and fpirituous* they A I N have a foetid fmell, and are ufed both ex- ternally and internally. Aiguesmortes, an inconfiderable town in the dept, of the G’ard. It former- ly flood near the fea, and had a harbour* but this is choked up, and the lea has retired two French leagues from the town, leaving it in a moral’s. Lat. 43. 34 - N, Ion. 4. 3. E. Aigues Vives, a town in the dept, of the Gard, 15 miles NE. of Montpellier. Ailah, thought to be the Elath men- tioned in Scripture, a fjrnall town of Ara- bia Petrasa, moftly in ruins. It is fituat- ed on the E. fide of one of the north bays of the Red Sea, near the road which the pilgrims take from Egypt to Mecca. *Ailesbury, thelargeft and moft po- pulous town in Buckinghamlhire, and the centre of the bufinefs of the vale of Ailef- bury, one of the moft fertile trails in Eng- land, extending from the edge of Oxford- shire to Leighi on in Bedfordfhire. The number of houles is about j or Ailatn, Norfolk, nearNor- vvich. Ailefwefthorp, or El~McJ}hdrpe , commonly called Gayton-Tborpe , Norfolk, near Lynn-Regis. Ai the Catharjtnburg divifion of Sibeiia. Alarcon, a town of New Caftile, on the river Xucar. Lat. 39. 40. N. Ion. 2. 4. W. Alatamaha, pronounced Ottama- haw, or the river St. George, a large ri- ver of N. America, which rifes in the Al- legany mountain 0 , and running SE. through Georgia, falls into the Atlantic Ocean be- low Frederica* Alatri, jy Alatro, a town on a hill in the Canipagna di Roma, 40 miles SE. of Rome. Alatyr, Alatyrskoi, a diftri«5l and town of Cafan in Afiatic Ruffia. Alava. See Alaba. Alauta, or Alt, a confiderable" river of European Turkey, which, after water- ing part of Tranfylvania and part of Wal- lachia, falls into the Danube almoft oppo- fite Nicopolis, in Bulgaria. Alba, a fmall town of Montferrat, in Italy, pleafantly fituated on the river Ta- naro, 20 miles SE, cl Turin, Under the ALB Romans, it was a principal dty of Li- guria. Lat. 44. 46. N. Ion. 8. 20. E. Alba Julia. See Weissenburg. Alba , Pembroke!'. Alb anbury ^ Yorkf, Alba % and Alaxton , Leicef. Albania, or Arnaut Laros, a province of European Turkey, compre- hending the ancient Epirus, and a fmall part of Ulyricum. It has the Adriatic on the W. and Macedonia on the E. and pro- duces flax, cotton, wax, honey, excellent wine, and fait, which is dug out of the mountains. The inhabitants *iaketapef- try, which they export with their other commodities j they are ftror.g, courageous, of a military chara&er, and, in general, excellent horfemen. This country was formerly an independent kingdom, govern- ed by it’s own princes, the I aft of whom, the famous John Caftriot, known better by the name of Scanderberg, one of the greateft heroes in hiftory, bequeathed it at his death to the Venetians j who yet, or lately did, hold a fmall part of it on the coaft. Lat. from 38. 20. to 43. 30. N. Ion. from 18. 49. to 21. 50. E. Albano, a town on a lake of the fame name, in the Campagna di Roma, cele- brated by Horace for it’s excellent wine, a virtue which the foil has not yet loft. It is 15 miles nearly S. of Rome, and much reforted to in the fummer months. Lat. 41. 43. N. Ion. 12. 50. E. Alb an 0, a town of Bafilicata,inNaples. Albanopolis, a town of Albania, formerly the capital. * Alban’s, St. a town of Hertford- shire, which arofe from the ruins of the ancient Verulam. In the ancient' abbey church are the funeral monuments and ef- figies of king Offa on his throne. Of the magnificent abbey itfelf, ere< 5 led by Offa, in honour of Albanus, the firft martyr in Britain, not the leaft veftige remains, ex- cept the gateway, a large fquare building. It is feated on the liver Ver, or Mcore, a branch of the Coin, 21 miles N. by W. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Alban's , St. Dorfetf. <«n the coaft, S. of Swannage-Bay, a noted fea-mark. Alban's , St. Kent, near Canterbury. Albany, a river, and an Englifh for- trefs, on the SW. of James’s-Bay, Hud- fon’sBay. Lat. 52. 20. N. Ion. 81.20. W. Albany, a city and county in the State of New York, fituated on the W. fide of Hudfon’s River. The former contained, a few years ago, 600 houfes, and 4000 inhabitants, many of whom are the de- feendants of the firft colonifts, the Dutch j but adventurers, from various parts, are ALB daily flocking here, by the advantages for trade, which the place affords, it being fltuaied on one of the fined: rivers in the world, and the ftore-houl'e of the trade to and from Canada and the Lakes. It is 160 miles N. of the city of New York, Lat. 42. 36. N. Ion. 73. 20. W. Albany. See Braedalbane. Albargaria, a poor town of Alen- tejo. Albargaria de Panela, a diftrift of Portugal, in the province of Entre Minho e Dj?uro. Aobarrazin, an ancient city of Ar- ragon, bordering on New Callile, which contains about 5000 inhabitants. It is feated on a craggy hill, by the Guadala- viar, 100 miles E. of Madrid. It’s wool is the fined in Arragcn. Lat. 40, 30. N. Jon. 1. 16. W. Albazete, a fmall town of New Caf- tile. Albazin, a town of Great Tartary, fituared on the river Yamour, on the road from Molcow to Pekin. Lat. 54. o. N. Ion. 103. 30. E. Albeck, a county and town of Suabia, 4 miles N. of Ulm. Albegne, a town in the dept, of Lot. Albemarle, or Aumale, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine; having a ma- nufa&ure of l'erges and other duffs. It is feated on the declivity of a hill, 35 miles NE. by N. of Rouen, and 70 NNW. of Paris. Lat. 49. 50. N. Ion. 1. 30. E. Albemarle, a county of Virginia. Albemarle Sound, in N. Carolina, an inlet of the fea, at the mouths of the rivers Roanoke, Meberrin, Nottaway, &c. Alben, a mountain of Carniola. Albenga, a fmall city on the coad of Genoa, and a little ifiand or unfliapen rock in the fea, oppofite thereto, called Illota d’Albenga. The town is furrcunded with olive-trees, but the air is unwhole- fome. It is a fea-port, 37 miles SW. of Genoa. Lat. 44, 10. N. Ion. 8. 30. E. 1 Alberbury , or Aberbury , Shropf. near the Severn, between Salop and Welfhpool. Al- berton , Suffex, near Bramber. Alberton , Somerfetf. 3 miles from Axbridge. Alei, a town of Abruzzo, Uitra. Albins, Effex, near Witham. Albion, the ancient name of Britain, fuppoled to be derived from the Latin al- bum, white, on account of the chalky cliffs on it’s lea- coad s. Aleisola, a fmall town of Genoa, where there is a porcelain manufacture. A lbolodu y, a fmall town of Granada. Also n a, a fmall town of Iltria, Venice, Alsoran, SeeAsoRAM, A L C Alborn, Suffex," near Bramber. Alborn , Wilts, near Marlborough. Alborough , Nort. near Reppis and Erpingh.m. Al- bright on, near Stafford. Albright on, Shropf. on the edge of Stafford!'. 10 miles NNE. of Bridgenoith. Albuquerque, a town and duchy of Spanilh Edremadura. The former dands on an eminence, and carries on a confiaer- able trade in wool and woollen cloth. Lat. 39, 21. N. Ion, 7. 3. W. Alburg, or Albourg. See Aal- burg. Alburgh, Yorkf. E Riding, near the fea, S. of Mrpleton. Alburgh, or Alberghe , Norfolk, near Bungay. Alburn, W. of Southminder. Albury , or Alder- bury , Surry, near Boxhil! ; the river Wye runs through it. Albury , Herts, near Put- more-Heath. Albury , Gloucefterf. near Wickwar. Ally , Norfolk, 4 miles from Alelhara. Alby, an ancient town in the dept, of Tarn, There are very beautiful walks in the environs of the town, and the ’adjacent country is very fertile, producing grain, wines, flax, hemp, lafffon, anifeed, corian- der, and woad: the fine pastures afford wool of a good quail. y, which is manu- factured into dockings, ratteens, (balloons, coarfe woollens, Sr c. and the wax-candles made here are much edeemed. This town is feated on the river Tarn, 42 miles NE. of Touloufe, and 335 S. of Paris. Lat. 44.. 15. N. Ion. 2. 14. E. Ti Albigenfes, or Albigeois , fo called from their making their firll appearance in this city, were a people who, fo early as the nth century, dii'puted the authority of the pope; for this they were excommunicated : and lev era l very cruel perfections were railed againft them by means of crufades. Alcacar, a palace on one fide of To- ledo, in New Cadile. It dands on the top of a deep reck, and commands a pro- fpeCI of the city, and of tfye river Tagus, running at it’s foot through the neigh- bouring fields. Alcacar Quiber, a town of Garb, Morocco. Alcacar Zeguer, a town and for-, trefs of Fez, between Tangier and Ceuta. Alcacere, or Alcacar do Sal, a town of Sctiwal, in Portuguefe Edrema- dura, called Salagia by the Romans, on aci count of the lalt produced heie. It is feated op the river Cadaon. The countiy around it, from it’s barrenness, produces little elfe but rulhes; tliele are carried to Lifbon, and worked Into fine mats. Lat. 38. 22. N. Ion. 8. 17. W. Alcacova, a citadel of Santaren. G Alcala- A L C A L D Alcala-de- Guabaira, a town of place of great ftrength under the Romans. Seville, fituated on the river Guadaira. Alcburch , Worcelterfliire, 5 miles NNE. Alcala-dh-los Gazules, an old of Bromfgrove. town of Seville, fir "ed on a mountain. Alcino, Mt. a fmall towp of Tuf- Alcala de HlnareZ, a- town of cany, fituated on a mountain. In this New Caftile, anciently c alled Complutum, neighbourhood is produced the moll ex- having been a confiderabie Roman colony, quifite wine in Italy, called Mufcatello di It is pieal'antly fituated on the banks of Mont Alcino; but the inhabitants are not the Henarez, over which there is a (lately allowed to fell a fingle pipe of it, till the bridge. The univerfity is a handlbme great-duke has firft ordered what number building; it was re-ellablilhed, in 1494, by the Cardinal Francis Ximenes, at whole charges, and under whole dire&ion the firlt Polyglot Bible was printed here. It is 15 riles ENE. of Madrid. Alcala de Real, a large, populous town of Jaen, in Andalufia, in a moun- tainous coun:ry, which yet produces excel- lent fruits and wine. It is leated near the river Guadalquiver, 6 miles N.of Seville. Alcamer. See Alcmaer. Alca'MO, a town of Mazara, Sicily, 20 miles SW. of Palermo. Alcandro, a town of Old Caftile, fi- tuated on Uie Ebro- At canede, a town of Portuguefe Ef- tremadura. Lar. 39. o. N. Ion. 6. o. W. Alcani , or Alcan, a town in Egypt, pn the western branch of the Nile, 30 miles NNW. of Grand Cairo. Alcaniz, or Alcamitz, a town of Arragon, fituated on the river Guadaloupe. Alcannings , Wilts, near the Devizes. Alcantara, a town of Spanilh Eftre- madura. It has a magnificent bridge over She Tajo, 67 feet long, 28 broad, and 200 high, faid to have been built by the emperor Trajan. It is 42 miles N. by W. of Seville. Lat. 39. 20. N. Ion. 6. 7. W. Alcantara, in Andalufia, Hands on an eminence, near the Guadalquiver ; ad- joining which there is a morafs, over which the Romans built a bridge with a lower at each end. Alcaraz, or Alcarez, a city of New Caliile ; has a remarkably ancient aqueduft. It is fituated on the river Guardarama, near the lource of the Gua- rialquiver, 135 miles SSE. of Madrid. Tat. 38. 51. N. Ion. 2. 25. W. Ale aft on, Shropf. near Munfiow. Alcatrases, an iflnhd in the Pacific Ocean, 21 leagues nearly S. from Acapul- co. Lat. 15. 50. N. Ion. 102. 30. W. Alcaudete, a fmall town of Cordova, in Andalufia, 18 miles W. of Jaen. Alcazar. See Alcacar. Alcazzava, a cattle of Malaga. Alcester. See Aulcester. Alcbejler t Oxford f. a little to the SW. of Bicfefterj formerly very extenfirej and a he judges proper for his own ufe. Alcmaer, or Alkmaer, a clean, po- pulous town of N. Holland. They make great quantities of cheefe and butter here, elteemed the beft in the country. In 1637 there was a public au6Iion here, of 120 tu- lips, which, with the off-lets, fold for 90,000 guilders ; a fingle one of them, named the Viceroy, fold for 4203 guilders} and not only the name and price, but the weight of thefe flowers are particularlydet down in the city regifters. The pafiion of giving enormous prices for flowers and flower- roots, by which many individuals were ruined, had become fo prevalent, that the ftates interfered, and put a flop to it, by fevere penalties. It is 20 miles N. by W. cf Amtterdam. Alcmina, a diftrift, or marquifate in Mazara, Sicily. Alcoa, a river; Alcobaca, Alco- CHETTE, and Alcoentre, towns of Portuguefe Eftremadura. Alcomby Somerfetf. near DunlbSk. AU conbuty , 5 miles from Huntingdon. Alconchoe, or Alconchoel, a fortrefs of Spanifh Eftremadura. Lat. 38. 42. N. Ion. 6. 37. W. Alcoriz, a town of Gallicia, in Spaing Alcossir. See Coseir. Alcot , Devonf. near Barnftaple. Alcovendas, a town of Old Caftile. Alcoutim, or Alcoytim, a tow* of Algarve, fituated on an ifland in the. Guadiana, on the borders of Alentejo. Alcoy, a town of Valencia, near aa iron mine; alfo a river, which runs into the Mediterranean, 3 miles NE. of Gandia. Alcudia, a town in Majorca, of about 1000 houfes, with a confiderable bay, to which it gives name. It is fituated on the NE. coaft, between two targe harbours. Lat. 39. 50. N. Ion. 3. o. E. Aldan, a river of Afiatic Ruflia, which rifes on the borders of China, and taking a NE. courfe, which it afterwards changes to WNW. joins the Lena in lat. 63. 35. N. and Ion. 164. 10. E. Aldborough, near the river Aid, » lea-port in Suffolk. The town was for- merly much larger ; but the fea has fwal- lowed up one of the ftreets. It is pleafant- , A L D ly felted in th6 Vale of Slaughden, 3 miles from Orf'.rd, 40 miits E. of Bury, and 94 NE of London. Markers on Wednel- day and Saturday. Se, Slaughden. Aldborough, cr Oldborough, a town in the W. Ruling of Yorkf. on the Oufe, was the lfurium B [gentium o f the Romans, though not fo much as the ruins are now to he (een, except fome remains of walls, pavements, and baths. It is S miles from Rippon, 15 miles NW. of Yoik, and 105 N. by W. of London. Aldborcugb , or Alkborougb, Lincolnf. near Winterton-Cliff, in the NW,. extre- mity of the county. Albourne fee Al- born. Aldburgb « York'. E. Riding, on the fea coalt. Aldbury, Hertf. near Berk- hamftead. Aldbury. Hertf. between Bunt- ingford and Bifhop’s-Stortford. Aldby, in Dacre parifh, near Penrith, Cumberland. Ald'y, Norfolk, on the borders of Suffolk. Aidoy, Yorkf. E. Riding, on the river Derwent. 4 miles N.of Stanford-Bridge. Aldea Gallega, and Aldea Gal- LEGA de Merciana, towns in Portu- givefe Efti emadura. Aldego, a river of Italy, which runs into the Adige. Aldenburg, a town of Berg, Wed- phalia ; and a town of Anhalt Bernburg, Upper Saxony. Aldenbam , Hertf. 2 miles from Wat- ford, and 5 from St. Alban’s. Aldenham, or Anvdenham, Shropf. near Bridgenorth. Alder , a river in Suffcx, which runs by Shoreham into the fea. Alderbury, Wilts, 2 miles from Salifbury, on a heathy hill, near the Avon. A manufacture of cot- tons and fultians is carried on here. By a fire in 1777, 200 houfes were dedioyed. Aiderford , Norf. near Sparharrr. Ai.derholm. SeeGEFFLE. Alderholt , Dorfetf. mear Corfe Caftle. Alderkirk , Lire, near Kirton. Alderley , Gloucef. near Wotton- Underedge, for- merly the utmoft bounds of Kingfwood Fored. On fome of the hills here are found foffils, apparently petrifactions of marine (hells. A’.derley-Hall , Chefh. near Macclesfield. Alderley, Stafford f. near Seif- don. Aldermarjlon, Berks, beautifully fi- tuated on an eminence that overlooks the river Kennet. It is 3 miles from Sil- chefter, the Roman dation, 3 from Bag- Imrft, and 8 from Reading. Alder?herjlon , and Alderminjler , Wore, both in Perlhore hundred, encompaffed by Warwickshire. Alderney, a pleafant and healthy Bland, on the coaft of Normandy, fruitful in corn and pafture, and remarkable for a lane breed of cows. It is about 8 miles in com pafs, 2 leagues from Cape la Hogue, and about 30 from the neared part of ALE England, which holds poffeflion of it. Oft the S. there is a harbour, called Crabb’s* which only admits fmall veffels, and in the centre ftands the town of Alderney, which confifts of at leaft 200 houfes, and 1000 inhabitants. This ifland is feparated from France by a ftrait, called the Race of Al- derney, which is a dangerous paffage in ftormy weather, when the two currents meet; otherwUts i< is late, and has depth of water fufticient for the larged (hips. To the W. lie the range of rocks, called, the Cafkets, where the fon of Henry i. was (hipwrecked on his paffage to Prance: and here, OCt. 5, 1744, the Victory, a fir ft rate man of war, the fined in the world. Sir John Balchen commander, was led. Alderney , Gloucef. lee Alderley. Al- derfey, Chelh. near the Dee, between Mal- pas and Cheder. Alder/hot, Hants, near Farnham. Alderjlon , Somerf. near limin- der. Alderjlon , Wilts, on the borders of Hampdiire. Alderton Glouc. 7 miles from Tewkefbbry, and 15 NE. of Glou- ceder. Alderton , or Aldrington, Wilts, near Chippenham. Alderton , Shropf. between Salop anti Ofwedry. Alderton , Suff. near Dcben liver, 6 miles frpm Wood-bridge* , Alderwas, or Alrewas, Staff, be- tween Lichfield and Burton upon-Trer.t j has a fmall market on Tuefday. Alder vjafhley , Derbyf. near Wirkf- worth. Aldjield , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Studley. Aldford, near Cheder. Aid - frijlon , Sud'. near Pevenfey. Aldham y Effex, near Colcheder. Aldham , Suff. near Hadley. Aldingborn , Suff. near Chi- cheder. Aldingham , Lancaf. near Ken- Sands. Aldington , Kent, near Limme. Aldington , Wore, on the borders of War- wickfiiire. Aldon , Shropf. near Munllow. Aldridge , Staff, near Walla! : near this place is a noted pool, called Druidmeer* Aldringham , Stiff, near Dunwich. Aid dringlon , Northamp. near Predon. Al- dington, Sulfex, near Lewes, aimed over- flowed by the ocean. Aldfiflon , Suffex, near Seaford. Aldwark, Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, between Doncader and Rotherham. Aldnuark , near York. Aid™ ark, Derbyf. near Wirkfworth. Aldworth , Berks, be- tween Newbury and Wallingford, 3 miles from Ilfeley. Ald c worth ■ Wheatcroft • Yorkf. W. Riding, near Stafford. Aldf- ver the S’mondbury, which here joins the river Bret to Bridport. Allingtcm -Castle, a town of Kent, near the Medway, called by the Saxons, the Caltle of Medway. Market on Tuef- day . Allington , Wilt (hire, near Devizes. Allington , E. and IV. Dr von f. near Kingf- bridge. A.llington, Line, near Grantham. Allington , Suff. near Hoxon. Allington - Cobh am, Kent, near Mailing, Allington , Wihs, NE. of Biihop’s Cannings. Al- lington, Wilts, between Bofcomb and New- ton-Tony. Allington, K >nts, near Bufh- Waltham. Allington , Suffolk, near Eye. Allifon, or Aluredfon > Glouc. a harr.let of Lydney. Adijion, Sufl'ex, near Pevenfey. Alloa, a town on the N. fide of the Frith of Forth, in the /hire of Clackman- nan. It confifts of one fpacious {freer, ■well paved and /haded with rows of lime- trees. It has a commodious harbour, and sn excellent dry dock. It’s great export is coals, and there is alfo a glafs-houfe, with fame other manufactories. The caltle of Alloa is beautifully fituated, and was, heretofore, the refidence of the earls of Mar. It is about 5 miles E. from Stir- ling, and 30 NW. from Edinburgh. Allom-Houfe , Kants, near Chrift-Church. Allan , North umb. near Beltingharn. Al- lonby, Cumberland, in t he pavifh of Ab- bey Holme. Aliojlock , Che/hire, near Northwicb. Allow -Eajl , a river of Dur- ham, which runs into the Tyne. Allow - Weft-, a river of Northumb, which alfo runs into the T\ne. All Sai sts Bay, one of the mod rich and fertile captainfbi'ps in all Brafil, pro- ducing abundance of cotton, and vail quan- tities of fugar. It has feveral cities and towns, of which St. Salvador is the capi- tal. The bay of that name, on the coali, is fecure, and large enough for a fleet of fhips. Lat. 13. 10. S. Ion. 39. 15. W. All ScibitSy Kent* near-Canterbury. All- Saints, Suff. near £ ungay. A L M Allstadt, a town of Eifenach, Up- per Saxony. Almacarron, or Almazaron, a fea-port of Murcia, where great quanti- ties of alum are made. It is 18 miles S. by W. of Carthagena. Almacta, a trail in Old Caftile. Almada. See Almeda. Almaden, a town of La Mancha, New Caftile, celebrated for it's mines of quick- lilver. Almagra, or Almaguer, a town of Pepayan, in Terra Firma, S. America. Almagro, a town of New Caftile. Almand , or Aman , a river of Athol, a branch of the Tay. It has a cafcadenear 30 yards high, clofe by which, two ropks meet over the river fo as to form a natural bridge. Almanington , Suffix, near Chichefter. Almansor, a town of Fez, feated on the rivet Gilir. Almanza, a town of Murcia, on the borders of Valencia, famous for a victory obtained here, April 25. 1707, by the Marechal Duke de Berwick, ifcommanding the French and Spanifh troops, over the Englifh and Portuguese, under the Earl of Galway and the Marquis de las Minas. The latter loft no ftandards, with all their artillery and baggage, beffdes about 6000 made prifoners, and a great number killed. It is 50 miles SW. of Valencia, and 50 NW. of Alicant. Lat. 38. 54. N. Ion. 3. 56. W. Almar , in Limerick, Munfter. Almarez, a town of Spanifh Eftre- madura, feated on the Tajo. Almar star, in Upland, Sweden. Almas, in the Bannat of Temefwar. Almaz an, a town in Old Caftile, fitu- ated on the Douro. Almeda, a town of Portiigtiefe Eftre- madura, leated on the Tajo, oppolite to Lifbon. Almedina, a decayed town of Mo- rocco, from which city it is diftant 90 miles, on the edge of Mount Atlas. It’s rufns are confidtrable, and the adjacent country is very fertile. Almeida, in Tra-Ios-Montes, on the confines of Leon ; and Almeida, in Bei- ra, feated on the little river Coa, beforp it joins the Pinhelj both towns of Portu- Almenara, a town of Valencia. Almendrolejo, a town of Spanifti Eftremadura, iz miles S. of Merida. Aimer , Dorfetf. near Whitchurch. Almeria, a l'e3-port of Granada, feat- ed on the river Almeria, in the Medirer- raneaa. ALN rnnean, 62 miles SE. of Granada. Lat. 36. 51. N. Ion. 2. 20. W. Almeria, a fea port of Mexico. Lat. 20- 18. N. Ion. 97. 30. W. Almerley , or Almefiree , Herefordf. near Weobly. Almerfworthy, Somerletf, near Dunlter. Almipigon, a lake of Canada. Almisford, Som. a hamlet of Caftle-Carey. Almissa, a fmali town in Venetian Dalmatia, at the mouth of the Cetina. It Hands between too high mountains, on a fteep rock, 16 miles nearly E. of Spalatro. Lat. 44. 4. N. Ion. 17. 45. E. Almijler , Somerfetffiire. Almo, a little rivulet of Campagna, which falls into the Tiber at Rome. Almodavar, a fmali town of Alen- tejo; Almodavar-del Campo, a town of La Mancha, in New Caftile ; and Al- modavar, a town of Arragon. Almond, a river in Perthftiire. Almondbury , York!’. W. Riding, near Huthersfield. Almondjbnry , Gloucefterf. near Berkeley. Almonte, a town of Andalufia ; and a river of Spanilh Eftremadura, Aimos -cliff, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Ripley. Almouchi^uois, a tribe in Canada. ALMUGNA,a town of Arragon. Almunecar, a city and port of Gra- • nada, feated on the Mediterranean, 30 miles SSE. of Aihama. Lat. 36. 30. N. Ion. 3. 45. W. Almure Hall, Chefhire, near Malpas. Alne ♦ a river in Cumberl. which runs into the Tyne below Kirk-Haugh ; another in Northumb. which runs into the German Ocean at Alnemouth ; and a third in War- wickshire, which runs into the Arrow at Round-Alne. Alne, Cumb. near Kirk- Ofwald. Alne, near York. Alne, Mag- na and Parva, Warwick!, near Henley. Alnemouib , Northumb. a fmall fea-port at the mouth of the Alne, where bones of a gigan'ic fize have been dug up. Adnejlon, Oxford fhire, near Witney. *Alnewick, or Alnwick, the county town of Northumberland, 306 miles from London, on the road to Berwick, from which it is diftant 26 miles, and from J^ewcaftie 30 ; is feated on the little river Alne, and is populous and well-built. It has handfome fhambles, furrounded with piazzas, as likewife 3 gates, and it was formerly ftn rounded with a wall. Here is an old (lately. Gothic caftle, the feat of the Duke of Northumberland, which has continued in the polfeffion of the Piercy fa- mily ever fince the year 1 309 : it has lately been repaired and beautified. Mark, on Sat, ALP Alney, a little ifland near the city of Gloucefter, famous for the fingle combat fought on it, between Edmund Ironfide and Knute the Dane, for the whole king- dom, in fio-ht of both their armies 5 in which the latter being wounded, he pro- pofed an agreement; accordingly the king- dom was divided between them ; the S. part falling to Edmund, the N. to Knute. Alnbam, or Tar well, Northumb. 13 miles from Alnewick, on the road to Scotland. Alost, or Aelst, a tra£l and a city of Flanders, on the river Dender, 15 miles NW. of Bruflels, and 15 SE. of Ghent. Alovent, a very high mountain of Peilia, a part of Mount Taurus. Alpahano, a fmall town of Alentejo. Alperton , or Apperton, Middlefex, in the road from London to Harrow-on-the-Hill. Alphamjlon, Efiex, near Henningham. Al~ pbeton , Sufi*, near Sudbury. Alphington , Devonf. 2 miles from Exeter. Alpington, Norf. near Loddon. Alport , Derby f. in Youlgrave parifh, in the High Peak. Al- pram, Chefh. near Edifbury. Alpedrinha, a fmall town of Beira j Alpedriz, in Portuguefe Eftremadura. Alphen, a town near Leyden, in S, Holland. Alpheus. See Orphea. Alps, the bigheft mountains inEurope, beingabout 2 miles in perpendicular height, dividing Italy from France, Swiflerland, and Germany. They have feveral names. The Maritime Alps extend from Vado as far as the fource of the river of the fame name, or even the Po; the Cottian Alps, from the fource of the Vado to the city of Sufa; the Grecian Alps, from the city of Sufa to the mountain of St. Bernard; the Permian Alps, from Mount St. Bernard to Mount St. Gothard ; by the latter are bounded the Rhetian Alps, which extend to the fource of the river Piave : and, laft- ly, the Norician, or Carnician Alps, ex- tend themfelves from the Piave as far as Iftria, and the fource of the Sau or Saave. The Alps have but few paftes, and thofe difficult of accefs; Hannibal, the Cartha- ginian general, attempting thofe on the fide of Piedmont, when he invaded Italy, loft moft of his elephants ; he accompliffi- ed his purpofe, however, by making his way with acets ; not with vinegar (as it has been erroneoufly tranflated) tor diflolv- ing the fnow, but with hatchets for cut- ting it away. The profpefl from many parts of this enormous range of mountains is extremely romantic. The Glaciers of the Alps are immenfe mafles of ice, lodg- ed upon the gentler declivities of the moun- tains, and exhibiting the moft grotefque and A L S and fantaftic reprefentations. From tlie valley of Chamouni there is a view of a vaft chain of mountains, inacceflible, and covered with ice, and of Mont Blanc above the reft, whofe top feems to reach and even pierce the higheft region of the clouds. The chain, upon which this mountain feems to look down, like a giant, is com- pofed or nuiftes of rocks, which terminate in pikes or fpires, called the Needles, and which feem ranged like tents in a camp. Their fides are covered with fretted ftreaks of ice and fnow. Alps, Lower, a department of France, including part of the late province of Pro- vence, is fo called from it’s vicinity to the mountains of the fame name. Digne is the capital. Alps, Upper, a department of France, including part of the late province of Dau- phiny, The capital is Gap. ALPujARRAS,or Alpuxarres, Los, mountains of Granada, inhabited by the ancient Morifcoes, who profel's Chriftiani- ty, fpeak a medley of Arabic and Spanifti, and carefully cultivate the ground, which produces excellent fruits and wine. Thefe mountains extend about 50 miles in length from E. to W. and are lo high that their fummits are vifible, not only from Gibral- tar, but even from thecoaft of Africa, be- tween Ceuta and Tangier. Alresford , Eftex, near Tendring. * Alresford, a town in Hampfhire, ©n the little river Itching, called Aire by Camden. It has about 200 houfes, in two principal ftreets, which are large and broad, A fmall manufacture of lini'eys is carried on here. Part of a Roman high- way, that goes from this place to Alton, ferves for the head to a great pond, or lake, near this town, where there is a large fwannei y. It is 18 miles ENE. of South- ampton, and 57 WSW. of London, in the road to Winchefter, There is a neighbouring village, called Old Alref- ford. Market on Thurfday. Alrenjcick , Staff, near Lichfield. Al- dington, Devon!’, between Barnftaple and the fea. Alroa, or Alroe. SeeARROE. Alsace, Upper and Lower, late provinces of France, having the Rhine and Switzerland on the E. and SE. and Straf- burg being the capital of the whole, they are now included in the departments of the Upper and Lower Rhine. Alfager , Chefh. near Namptwich. Al- ft'ot , Shropf. near Newport. Alfcot, Shropf. near Drayton. £,£Alsen, an ifiand of Slefwick, between that duchy and Fur.en, in the Baltic, It ALT 13 chiefly noted: or producing anifeeds, a carminative much ufed as a feafoning for food, and mixed with bread, all over the Danifh dominions. Alsen Sund, or Sound, which fepa- rates it from the main land, is 6 leagues long and 2 wide. Lat. 55 . N. Alspied, a town of Upper Hefle. Alferig, a place in Crom arty !h ire, noted for large fir woods near it. Alsheda, in Stnaland, Sweden, near which a gold mine was difeovered in 1738. Aljley , Warw. 21 miles from Coventry. Alfop , Derby f. near Wirkfworth. Also-Sajo, a diftrid or place; Also- 6DANY, a town in Hungary; in the for- mer, great quantities of cinnabar are dug ; in the latter, there is a mineral iprrng. Alston-Moor, a town and populous parifh, in Cumberland, feated on a hill, at the bottom of which runs the Tyne, with a ftone bridge over it : near it are lead- mines, which employ above a thoufand hands. It is 20 miles E. by S. of Car- lille, and 303 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Alflon, Glouc. near Cheltenham. Alflon, Lane, near Kirkham. Aljlori , near Shrcwi- bury. Alflon, Worcef. in Overbury pa- rifti. Alfton Mary's, Somerf. near Mere- Pool. Aljlretton , Shropf. near Church- Stretton. Alsveg, an ifle near Sky, Scotland. ALSUNGEN,alake of Halland, Sweden. Alswangen, a town in Courland. Alfwick, Herts, near Mcafden. Alsza, a fmall place of the Tartar dif- trifts, in European Turkey, between the Nieper and the Don ; and a river of Bava- ria, which runs into the Inn. Alt , a river of Lancafhire, which runs into the Irifh Channel, at Altmouth. Altaisch, an immenfe range of moun- tains, in Afia, forming a fort of fouthern boundary to Siberia. It begins at the vaft mountain Bogdo, pafles between the rivers Irtifh and Ob, and, either by the principal chain or it’s branches, extends as far as Kamtfchatka, which it runs through, and approaches the Icy Sea. Altala, a diftrift of Corfica. Altamir A, a town of Gallicia, Spain. Alt amo nt, a town of Calabria Citra. Altamura, a town of Bari, Naples. Altdorf, a town of Hungary. Altea, a fea-port of Valencia, feated on the Mediterranean. It is 42 mules SE. of the city of Valencia, and no S. by E. of Madrid. Lat. 38. 40. N. lon.o. 15.E. Alten, or Altenbotten, a diftrift and gulf, or bay, of Wardhuys, on the coaft of Fipmark, Norway. Alten a, ALT Altena, or Alton a, a fea-port of Holfteir. a little W. of Hamburgh. The merchant! ife brought from Alia, by the Danifh Ealt .ndia Company, is fold here. Lat. 53. 37. N. Ion. 9. 52. E. Altenburg. See Oldenburg. Altenjurg, a town of Spire, Upper Rhine} two towns n the arch duchy of Auffria; two towns of Styria} two towns of Upper Saxony} a town of Tyrol} a town of Hungary, 1 7 miles S. of Prcfburg; and another town in the circle of Upper Rhine. Alterinnis, Keref. on the borders of Monmouthfhire, nearly encompaffed in the windings ot the river Munnow. Alternon, Cornw. 4 miles from Pickering. Altess an, a town of Piedmont, 3 miles N. of Turin. Altezey, or Alzey, See Alt£- heim. Alt hornet Lane, near Blackburn. Al- thorne , Effcx, near Southminfter. Altborne, York., N. Riding, near Swale Dale Fo- reft. Althorp , 4 miles from Northampton. Althorp , Lincolnf. near Alford. Althorp, Non. near Fakenham. Althorp , Northamp, near Towcefter. Althuus, a town in Polifh Pruffia. Altin, a lake and mountain in Siberia; from the former iffues the river Oby, in lat. 52. o. N. Ion. 85. 55. E. This lake is faid, by fome geographers, to be 90 miles long and 50 broad ; though others reprefent if as only 18 miles long and 12 broad. The Ruffians .call it Telofkoi Oi’ero. Altkirch, a town in the dept, of the Upper Rhine, on the river Ille, 45 miles SSW. of Strafburg. Altland, a diftrift of Tranfylvania. Altmore , in Tyrone, Ullter, 7 miles NW. of Duncannon. Altmouth , Lane. N. of Liverpool. Altmull, a river of Germany, which has it’s fource in Culmbach, Franconia, and falls into th6 Danube at Kelheim, in Bavaria, 12 miles above Ratifbon. * Alton, a town in Hampffiire, feated on the river Wye. It conlilts of about 300 houfes, chiefly laid cut in one pretty broad ftreet, and has a large market for cattle and provifions. Here are manufac- tures of plain and figured baragons, cord- ed druggets, and lerge de Nifmes ; and round the town are extenfive woods and plantations of hops. It is 28 miles ENE. from Southampton, on the road to London, from which it is 50 miles WSW. Mar- ket on Saturday. Alton-Grange, Leic. near Affiby- de-la- Zouch, Alton, Derby f. near Chefterfield, A L V Alton , Dorfctf. near Whitchurch. Alton , Worcef near Droitwich. Alton , Staff. 3 miles from Cheadle. Alton-Berns , Wilts, near Marlborough. Alton Dange- qus, Wilts, in the pariffi ot Langford- Little. Alton-Hail, Dtrb. near Keddleflon. Alton Lodge , Staff, on the river Dove, and borders ot Derbyffiire. Alton , N. and $. Wilts, both 3 miles from Ambrefoury. Alton-? ancr as, Dorletf. between Cerne- Abbey and Middleton. Alton-Priory , Wilts, near Marlborcugh-Downs. Altorf, a town of Franconia, with a fine univerfity, a library, and a phyfic- garden. Altorf, a town of Switzerland, capi- tal of the canton of Uri. It is iituated on the river Rul's, where it empties itfelf into the Lake of the Four Caotuns ; here the tyrant Gefler expofed his hat to be lal»ted, Altorf, a town of Wirtemburg, Suabia. Altorf is the name of feveral fmaller places in Germany, and of lome in Hun- gary. Altringham, or Altrincham, a town ot Cheffiire, on the Meri'ey, between Stockport and Warrington. It is fituated on a canal which runs from Mancheffer to Runcorn, -Warrington, &c. and is 10 miles E. of Warrington, 24 from Chefter, and 180 NW, of London. Market oa T uefday. Altrip, a village of Spires, Upper Rhine. Altsohl, a diftrift and town of Hun- gary, 100 miles E. of Vienna. Altstadt, Altsted, and Alt- STETTEN, a town of Meiffen, Upper Sax- ony; of Munfter, Weltphalia ; and of Upper Rhintha!, Switzerland. Altzheim, a territory, town, and caf- tle in the Lower Palatinate, Lower Rhine. Alva-de-Tormes, a town of Sala- manca, in Leon, fituated on the river Tor- mes, 20 miles SSE. of Salamanca. Alva, Alvarenga, Alvaya- zere, and Alva co-de-Serra, limall towns in Beira. Alvallade, Alvito, fmall towns in Alcntejo. Alvaro, Alvares, Alverca, and Alvorninha, fmall towns in Portu- guefe Eftremadura. Alveley , Effex, between Dagenham and Tilbury-Fort. Alveley. near Worcefter. Alveley, Salop. Alverdifcot, DsvonC. near Barnftaple. Alverno, a mountain of Tufcany. Alverjlock , and Alverjlon , Hants, both near Fareham. Alverfion, Wilts, near Wardour-Caftle. Alverton , Notting. near * Newark* A M A Newark. Alvefcot , Oxf. near Burford. Ahvefion. near Derby. Aid eft on, Warw. near Stratfoid - upon - Avon. Aldefton, Dorferf. i mile NE. of Folke. Aldefton, Glouc. near Thornbury, near thfe Severn. Aldingham, Line, near Louth. Alding- ton, Glouc. near Lidney. Aluta. SeeALAUTA. Ahvalton , Hunts, near Yaxley. Al- °warly , Comb, in the pari Ha of Afpatrick. Ahveptvn, Noj thumb. Alnven , a river of Denbighfliire, which runs into the Dee above Langer. Aldington , Devonf. on the coaft near Hartland Point. Aldjoodley, called Allingley , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Oiley. Ahworthy Wilts, near Bradford. Alixye , or Olhe New Hebrides. Amby, a town of the Netherlands, in Limburg, on the E. fide of the Meufe, oppofirt Maeftricht. Amcotes , Lincolnlhire, on the Trent, 5 miles S. of Burton. Amedabad. See Amadabat. Amednagur, a city ofkHindooftao, in the Deccan, once the capital of the foubali of the fame name, which is now better known by that of Dowlatabad. This place Was the refldence of tfle emperor Aurengzebe, during his conqueft of the Deccan and the Carnatic. It is 63 miles NE, of Poonah, and 181 from Bombay. Lat. 18. 6. N. Ion. 74. o. E. Amel, a kingdom of Negroland. Ameland, an ifland near the coaft of Friefland, 12 miles long and 3 wide. Lat. 53. 30. N. Ion. 6. 12. E. Amelia, formerly Ameria, or ./Emi- lia, a fmall city in the pope’s territories,’ ft a ted on a mountain between the Tiber and Nira, in a fertile country, 20 miles SW. of Spoleto, and 45 N. of Rome.: Lat. 4z. 33. N. Ion. 12. 30. E. Amelia, a county of Virginia. Amerden Hall , Eflex, near Audley-End. AMERICA, the largeft of the four ; grand diviflons of the globe, is bounded on all fides by the ocean, and ftretches, in it’s extenfive range, through every inha- ; bited latitude or climate in the world and the waters on it’s northern extremity feem to be bound up in evtrlafting froft. The parts that have a vertical fun, are foi near the fea, or the lofty Andes, conftantly, covered with fnow, that they experience' not the excefiive heats of Africa j and the- complexion of the natives, or aborigines, is by no means very darkj it is gene- rally of a reddilh or copper colour, from the Straits of Magellan to the border's of Hudlbn’s Bay. Tins immenfe continent is divided into N. and S. America, which are joined by the Illhmus of Darien. It’s mountains, rivers, and lakes, are the largeft in the world. America took it’s name from Americus Vefputius, a Florentine, who having accompanied Ojeda, aSpanilh ! adventurer thither, and drawing up an airmfing hillory of his voyage, inflr.uated therein, that he had firft difeovered that continent. The difeovery of America, was made fo lately as 1491, by Chrifto- pher Columbus, a Genoele, a bold adven- turer, a patriot, and a man of humanity. AME A M M At tbat time, the authority of the pope, iwto ten new ftates, to be called Wa/hing* over ihe whole world, was generally ac- ton, Mesopotamia, Pefilippi, Michigania, knowledged throughout Europe. He had Ulinoia, Cheri'onefus, Saratoga, Sylvania, granted, to the Portuguefe, all the lands, Aflenipi, and Polopotamia. In North A- illands, &c. they had dilcovered, or might merica, Spain poflefles E. and W. Florida, difeover, to the eaftward of the Azores; part of Loufiana, New Mexico, Califor- hence the other Europeans were deprived of the advantages of the trade to the Eafl Indies, by the Cape of Good Hope, which the Portuguefe had but lately dilcovered. The coftly articles of the eall, which had heretofore come through the Red Sea and Mediterranean, and afforded to the Ge- noele a lucrative trade, were now brought by the Cape of Good Hope. Columbus law, with concern, the lofs his country had fuftained, and concluding the earth to be round, propofed to evade the force of the pope’s bull, by failing to India by a weft- ern courfe. His countrymen were not better geographers than the bifliop of Rome. They treated his fchemes as the reveries of a mad man } he tried other courts of Europe with fimilar fuccefs, till at length Iiabella, queen of Spain, fold even her jewels to fit him out for ths expedition. America furnifiies moft of the vegetable and mineral produ&ions, to tye found in the other part* of the world, t ogether with a variety of valuable drugs and other commodities, which wer« un- known here before it’s difeovery. The animals on the north are much the fame all round the pole, but, in the fouthern part* of America, they are generally more dimi- nutive and feeble} and fotne tribe* there are, which, if ever they exifted in the old world (as Europe, Alia, and Africa are called) have there become extinCt, while the moll ffrong and favage quadrupeds feera not to | (have ever arrived here. Nearly the fame variety of birds is found in the new world as in other parts, and home there are} that are peculiar to the climate. America may be divided into Indian Nations, United States, and European Colonies. The countries pplfefled by Great Britain, are Labrador, or New Britain, Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunfwick. The thirteen United States comprehend New Hampfhire, including the province of Main, Maflachufetts, Rhode- Ifland, and Connecticut in New England, New York, New Jerfey, Penn- fylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Geoigia. Vermont, in New England, and Kentucky, j have been lately added to the union} i and all the country to the N. of Ohio, ex- | tending from Pennfylvania to the E. the | lakes on the N. and Mifiiffippi on the W. . is. intended by congrel’s to be divided nia, and Old Mexico, or New Spain. In South America, they hold Terra P'irma, or Caftile del Oro, Peru, Chili, and Para- guay, or La Plata. The French have Cayenne, and the Dutch, Surinam } and the Portuguefe have Brafil. America ex- tends a diltance of 9000 miles, from lat. 56. o. S. to the impenetrable depths of the northern frigid zone, where it nearly extends through every degree of weftern longitude from London} and varies in it’s breadth, from it’s narrowed part, 60 miles at the Ifthmus of Darien, to 3690, it’s greateft breadth, acrofs the northern part of N. America. AMKR.SFORT, a confiderable town of Utrecht, in the Netherlands, with a manu- facture of dimity and bombazine. It is feated in a fertile country, on the river Ems, 12- miles NE. of Utrecht. Lat. 52. 14. N. Ion. 5. 22. E. Arurjden , or Ambrofeden , Oxfordihire, 2 miles from Biceffer, or Burcefter. •AMSRSHAM,or Agmondesham, an ancient town of Buckinghamfliire, fituated in the Chiltern, a fort of hills, which abound with chalk. It confifts of a long ftreet, on the road from Uxbridge to Buck- ingham, divided about the middle by a fnorter crols ftreet. The woods, on the neighbouring hills, render the profpeCts very agreeable. It is 12 miles from Ayief- bury, 26 miles SE. of Buckingham, and 29 NW, of London. Marker on Tuef. Amrjham , Hamplhire, near Petersfieid. Amerton l Staff’, near Ingeftre. Amid, a town of Natolia. Amiens, a handfome, large, and an- cient city in the dept, of Somme. It has 3 bridges over as many branches of the Somme, 5 gates, and contains 35,000 in- habitants. It has manufactures in linen and woollen cloth, which enploy, in the city and adjacent country, 30,000 people. It is on the road from Calais to Pa> is, 20 miles SE. of Abbeville, and 84.. N. of Paris. Lat. 49. 54. N. Ion. 2. 28. E. Arlington, Staff, near Stone. Amington , Oxtordi. near Watlingtor.. Amington, y Warw. near Coleflhill. Amlwi.k , Angle- fey, in N. Wrdes. Ammercot, a fort in Hindooftan Pro- per, in an extenfive fandy defert between the Indus, the territories of Agimere and Moultan, and the Puddar. It is 190 iles N. by E t of Tatta. Ammerformi AMS Ammerform , cr Amner-Farm , Hants, 6 miles from Bufh Waltham and Fareham. Amney Crucis, Gioucef. 2 miles from Ci- renceltei ; adjoining which is Amney St. Mary , Glcuc. 3 miles from Cirencefter. Amney St. Peter , adjoins the two former parifhes, and is very final], Amol, a river and town of the Ufoecks. Amond , a river in Carmarthenfhire. Amorgo, or Morgo, an ifland of the Archipelago, fertile in oil, wine, and corn ; it’s inhabitants are generally of the Greek church. It is 30 miles in circum- ference, and 67 N. of Candia. Lat. 36. 20. N. Ion. 26. 15. E. Amotherby , Yorklhiie, N. Riding, near Rydel. Amoy, an ifland of Fokien, on the SW. coaft of China. Ampasa, an ifland of Zanguebar. Ampleford, Yorklhiie, near This Ik. Amplepuis, a town in the dept, of Rhone and Loire. It is celebrated lor it’s wines, and is 16 miles ESE. of Rouanne. Ampney Down, Glouc. near Fairford, and near Cricklade, in Wilts. Ampney- IIcly-Rood, Glouc. near Fairford. Am- port , Hants, near Andover. *Ampthill, a pretty town in Bed- fordshire, 44 miles from London, between the roads from thence to Buckingham and Roylfon. It is almoft in the centre of the county, fituated between two hills, and was the refidence of the injured Catharine of Arragon, wife of Henry VIII. Mar- ket on Thurfday. Ampton Netting, near Tuxfoid. Amp- ton, SufF. N. of Edmundfbury. Ampugna.no, a diftri£l of Corfica. Ampurdan, a dilhicl, to which be- longs Ampuri as, a fea-port of Catalonia, 15 tniles E. -of Girona. Ampuri as, an inland town of Sardinia. Amras. See Ambras. Amsford, Kent, near Sevenoaks. Amsom, or Amsomoe, an ifland on the W, coaft of Denmark, in lat. 54.40. N. Amstel. See Amsterdam. Amsterdam, a large, rich, populous, trading, and handfome city of Holland, the capital of the United Provinces. The walls are hjgh and Arongly fortified, and the bridge, which joins the rampart, is built over the Amftel, and is an extraor- dinary piece of architecture. The public buildings are fine and numerous. Here are many haudl’oine churches and hof- pitals, for perfons of different ages, fexes, religious profelfions, and countries. To the good lenfe and candour of the Dutch, in tolerating all profelfions of religion. ANA when persecution prevailed in other parts, we may, in a great meafure, attribute their profperity, and the populoufneJs of their capital. This city is computed to be a- bout half the fize of London ; the founda- tion is laid upon piles, driven into the moral's whereon it Hands, and under the ftadthoufe alone, there are 13,000. The exchange is one of the principal ornaments of the city j and the harbour, though dif- ficult of accefs, becaufe of the fhoals, is one of the largeft and fineft in Europe., where j a vaft number of ftiips may be feen con- flantly ; the ftreets are fpacious and well S paved, and mod of them have canals with row's of trees on each fide. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Amftel and Wye, 65 miles N. of Antwerp, 175 E. by N. of London, 240 N. by E. of Paris, and 560 NW. of Vienna. Lat. 52. 23. N. Ion. 4. 50. E. Amsterdam, or Tongataboo, an ifland in the South Sea, firft difeovered by Tafinan. It is about 21 miles in extent from E. to W. and about 13 from N. to S. Lat. 21. 11. S. Ion. 175. o. W. Amjiy , a parifh of Hertfordfhire. Amf- worth, Lane, near Manchefter. Amu, Amur, or Jamur, a river ini Afiatic Rufila, 400 miles in length. It is ' formed by thejun&ion of the rivers Argun < and Schiik, and, parting by Nertchinfk, » falls into the N. Pacific Ocean, in lat. 53. 1 N. Ion. 142. E. Amul, a river of Siberia, which runs l into the Tuba, 48 miles ESE. of Aba- kanfk. Amwell, a village in Hertfordfhire, a little to the S. of Ware, and 21 miles from , London. One part is called Amwell- Magna, and the other Amwell-Parva 5 the \ head or fource of the New River, which j fupplies London with water, is at the l?.t- ( ter place. This canal was projected by ’ Sir H. Middleton ; he began it in 1606, and finifhed it in 1612, by the afliftanceof , the city of London, and by aid of parlia- ment j but with a confiderable lofs of his own property, he perfected the work. The extent of the canal is near 39 miles j it has 43 fluices, and there are 215 bridges over it. Amwicky Lincolnlhire, between Slea- ford and Tatterfhall. Anaboa See Annobona. Anadir, a river of Siberia, which falls into the N. Pacific Ocean, in lat. 65. N. Anadirskoi, a town on the above ri- ver, belonging to Rurtia. Anadorn , in Down, Ulfter. Anagni, a city of Campagna di Ro- ma, fruited on an eminence, in the Via Latina, but now alinolt in ruins, Near 3 this. A N C this, are the hot waters, anciently called Thtrmse Aninae. Lat. 41. 56. N. Ion. 13- 25- E » Anakopir, capital of the Abkas. Anarstapinn, a fea-port of Iceland. Anatolia, or Natolia Proper, the moft wefternly divifion of Natolia. Anattom, one of the New Hebrides. Anbord, a town of Chorafan, Perfia. Ancarano, a town of Ancona, in the pope’s territories, 82 miles NE. of Rome. Ancajier , a village of Line. 8 miles from Grantham, and 15 miles S. of Lincoln. Ancaftle, Oxford f. on the borders of Berks. Ancenis, a town feated on the river Loire, in the dept, of the Lower Loire, 20 miles NE. of Nantz. Anclam, a town of Swedish Pomera- nia, in Upper Saxony. It made a good figure once among the Hanfe towns, and has an advantageous fite among good corn lands and excellent pafture, with the con- veniency of filhing and exporting their commodities, by means of the river Pene, on which it is feated. Formerly it was called Tanglim, and fome have luppofed it to have been the feat of the Angli, men- tioned by Tacitus ; fome of whom remov- ed from thence to the Elbe, and afterwards to S. Britain. Anclam is 20 miles S. of Gripfwald. Lat. 53. 52. N. Ion. 14. 2 . E. Ancliff , Lane. 2 miles from Wigan, has a curious fpring, called the burning well; which, on putting a lighted candle to it, immediately catches fire, with a heat ftrong enough to make a pot boil, though the water itfelf flill remains cold. Ancoates , Lane. 1 mile from Manchefter. Ancober, or Rio Corbe, a territory of Guinea, between the gold coaft and the country of Axim, and a river of the fame name flowing through it, the banks of which are adorned with fine, lofty trees, af- fording a very agreeable (hade. On the weftern bank is a populous village. Lat. 4 * 48 . N. Ancona, anciently Ancon, adiftrift, and confiderable fea-port in the pope’s ter- ritories, on the Adriatic Sea, having Um- bria on the S. and Urbino on the W. Commerce has rapidly increafed here of late years, through the patronage of Cle- ment XII. who made it a free port, and built a moie to render the harbour fafe. It is erefled on the ruins of the ancient mole, railed by the emperor Trajan, and is above 2000 feet in length, 100 in breadth, and about 60 in depth, from the furface.of the fea. Near this Hands the Triumphal Arch of Trajan, which, next to the Maifon Quarree,'at Nifmes, is the moft beautiful and entire monument of Roman magnifi- A N D cence exlfting. Here, likewife, Clement ere&ed a lazaretto, which advances a little way into the fea, in the form of a pentagon, and is an elegant, as well as ufeful edifice. The Jews have a fynagogue here, and are eftabhlhed in great numbers. Ancona is 1 16 miles NNE. of Rome. Lat. 43. 38* N. Ion. 13. 35. E. Ancraft , Northutnb. nearBelford. Ancyra. See Angora. Andaja, a river of Old Caftile, which runs into the Douro, Andalusia, the moft rich and fertile province of Spain, divided into Upper and and Lower. It is 250 miles in length, and 150 in breadth. The river Guadal- quiver runs through it’s whole extent, and Seville is it’s capital. It was reforted to in antiquity by the Tyrians, Rhodians, Phoenicians, Grecians, Carthaginians, and Romans, on account of it’s gold and filver mines. It is ftill a place of great trade, having many commodious harbours which open to the Weftern Ocean, near the en- trance to the Mediterranean, as Cadiz, See. and abounding in fruits, corn, wine, oil, honey, fugar, herds of cattle, Sc c. The Andalufian breed of horfes have long been celebrated for their beauty and fleet- nefs. Andalusia, New, or Paria, a pro- vince of Terra Firma, fituated on the At- lantic, with the Oronoque to the SW. Andaman, two illands on the E. fide of the entrance of the Bay of Bengal. The Greater Andaman is about 50 leagues long and 8 wide, in lat. 12. N. and Ion. 93. E. j and the Little Andaman is about 8 leagues in length, and 5 in breadth. The inhabitants are a harmlefs race, liv- ing chiefly on rice, fruits, and herbs. Andanagar, a beautiful, rich, and populous town of the Deccan, Hindooftan, 120 miles SE. of Bombay. Andaye, a town in the dept, of the Lower Pyrenees, famous for it’s brandy. It is fituated at the mouth of the river Bi- dafloa, oppofite Fontarabia in Spain, 18 miles from Bayonne. Lat. 43. 25. N, Ion. 1. 45. W*. Ande, a river of Hampfhire, that rifes in the foreft of Chute. Andely, or Andelis, Les, a town of France, in the dept, of Eure, divided by a paved road into two towns, Great and Lit- tle Andely; the former on the little river, Gambons, the latter on the Seine. The cloths manufe&ured here are very fine. It is 20 miles SE. of Rouen, and 60 N W. of Paris. Lat. 49. 20. N. Ion. 1. 30. E. Andenas Cajile , Cornwall, near S. Co- lomb. D Andenbs# AND Andenes, an ifland on the coaft of Drontheim, in lat. 69. 30. N. Ander, or Andero, St. a fea-port of Bifcay, where the Spaniards build, and lay up force of their men of war. It is 6 0 miles W. of Bilboa. Lat. 43. 25. N. Ion. 3 . M W. Anderby , Line, near Alford. Anderby - Aniers. Yorkf. N. Riding, near Bedal. Anderby- Steeple , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Richmond. Anderby V/hernbo'W, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Northallerton. Andf rlecht, a town of Brabant, 3 miles SW. of BruflTeis. Andeknacht, a town of Cologne, on Che Rhine, near which are excellent mine- ral waters. They trade here in large tim- ber. which is floated down to this place, and hence to Holland. It is 10 miles bJW. of Coblentz. Lat, 50. 29. N. Ion. 7, 22. E. Anderskcw, a town of Zealand, Den- mark. Anderson Island, in the North Pa- cific Ocean. Lat. 63. 10. N. Ion. 167. 40. W. Anderjlotiy Dorfetf. near Bere. Ander - ton, Chefh. near Bucklow. Anderton- Ford, Lane, near Ormfkirk. Anderton , Lane, between Ecciefton and Wigan. Andes, or Cordilleras, a chain of mountains, or rather two huge ridges, running almoft the whole length of South America, from the Ifthmus of Darien to the Straits of Magellan, through Peru and Chili, a dilfance of 5000 miles; and in a line parallel to, and but a little diftance from, the Pacific Ocean. They are alfo the loftieft, as well as the molt extenfive range of hills in the whole world. Even the plain of Quito, which may be confi- dered as a bale of the Andes, is elevated farther above the fea, than the top of the Pyrenees ; and, in different places, they life more than one third higher than the Pike of Teneriffe, heretofore accounted the higheft part of the whole earth. The Andes may literally be faid, to hide their heads in the clouds : the ftorms often roll, and the thunders burft below their fum- mits ; which, though expofed to the rays of the fun, in the centre of the torrid zone, are covered with everlafting fnows. From experiments made with a barometer, on the mountain of Cotopaxi, it appeared, that it’s fummit was elevated 6252 yards, which is fomething more than 3 geogra- phical miles, above the furface of the lea. Thefe mountains give rife to the largeft rivers in the world ; and, when the volca- nos, which are numerous here, break out among the fnows, the fudden thaws pro- AND duee fueh torrents of water, as to deluge the plains, and carry off the inhabitants* both man and beaff. Andes. See Pietola. Andiffer, near Lancafter. Andora, a large village of Genoa, producing excellent wine. Andorno, a town of Vercelii, Pied- mont. Andorra, a frown and valley of Cer- dagne, in Catalonia. * Andover, a large, well-built, popu- lous town in Hampftme, pleafantly fituat- ed on the river Ande, on the edge of the Downs. It has a manufacture of lhaloons, and is a great thoroughfare on the weftern road, from Newbury and Salifbury, and from London down into the weft, 10 miles N. by W. of Winchefter, and 65 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Andraghira, a river of Sumatra, on which the Dutch have a faCtory. Andraig, a harbour and fort of Ma- jorca. Andrarum, or Anderum, a town of Schonen, 14 miles S. of Chriftianftadt j here are the greatest alum works in Sweden. Andre, St. two towns in the dept, of Mont Blanc, and feveral others in different parts of France ; alfo, a diftriCt of Corfica. Andre , St. Northumberl. 6 miles E. of Hexham. Andreasberg, or St. Andrew, a town of Brunfwick Lunenburg. Near it are rich iron mines. Andrew, St. a town of Carinthia. Andrew, St. an ifland, and a town ofr Hungary. Andrew’s, St. a town, or royal bo- rough, of Fifeftiire, formerly the metropo- lis of the PiCtilh kingdom. It is leafed on a bay, on the level top of a fmall hill, com- manding a view of the German Ocean.. The cathedral, once a large Gothic ftruc- ture, founded in 1161, and 157 years in buiiding, was fo completely demoli/bed ia a fingle day, by John Knox and his adhe- rents, that little of it now remains. The univerfity, founded by the bifttop Ward- law, in 1411, confifts of 3 colleges, the Old College, the St. Leonard’s, and the New College, and has produced many learned men. The houfes, though built of Hone, are, gone to decay, there being no I manufactures here, except the trifling one of golf-balls, which, however, maintains a great number of people ; and the harbour, which has fuffered greatly by the encroach- ments of the fea, is only an artificial one, formed by piers, with a narrow entrance. It is 50 miles NE. of Edinburgh. Andrew’s, St. a town in Nova Scotia. Andrew’s, A N G Andrew’s, St. an ifland, with a town of Dalmatia. Andrew's, St. SufF. near Beccles. An- drew's Caftle , St. Hampftrire, between Southampton and Petersfield. Andria, ?, town of Bari, Naples. Andros, an ifland, with it’s capital, a fea-port of Turkey, in the Archipelago. The inhabitants are moftly of the Greek church, and about 5000 in number. The principal riches of this ifland confift in filks ; and it produces wine, oil, corn, oranges, citrcns, mulberries, pomegra- nates, figs, See. It is almoft oppofite to Athens, and near the S. end of- Ncgropont. Andross, one of the Bermuda ifles. Andrussov’. a vii’ageof Smolenfkow. Andrzeiovv a little town of Cracow. Andst, a diftrift in N. Jutland. Andujar, or Anduxar, an ancient, large, and populous city of Andalufia. It has i'everal fine buildings, a ftrong caftle, and is feated on the Guadalquiver, over which there is a ftately bridge. It vends great quantities of filk, and the country around abounds in corn, wine, oil, honey, Sc c. It is 25 miles NE. of Corduba. Lat. 38. 10. N. Ion. 3. 48. W. Andwortskow. See Anderskow. Anegada, oRe of the Carribee ifles. Lat. 18. 40. N. Ion. 64. 7. W. Anfa, a diftrifl of Temecen, Algiers. Anfteld , Hants, near SSuthampton. Anfilocha, now Jeroirlia, a town of the ancient Epirus j it was almoft ruin- ed, during the wars between the Venetians and Turks. Angabury , Herts, near Hitching. Angara, a river of Afiatic Ruflia, which runs into the Jenefei near the town of Jenifeifk. Angazya, one of the Comora iflands, inhabited by Moors, many of whom read! and write Arabic with great facility. Lat. from 10. to 15. S. Angel , a river in Montgomeryfhire. Angelo, St. a town in the pope’s ter- ritories ; a ward, and a caftle, of Rome, to which the pope retires, on apprehenflon of danger; a ftrong caftle of Malta j a caftle and diftri6I of Corfu j a fea-port of Apulia ; a town, two cities, and a moun- tain of Naples. Angelos, the fecond city of Mexico, capital of an extenflve province of the fame name, otherwife called Tlafcala. The ftreets are large, clean, and leguiarly built. The fquare, in the centre, is beautified on three fides with uniform porticos, where are (hops, furnifhed with all forts of mer- chandise : on the other fide, is it’s ftately cathedral, built ip the modern tafte. It A N G has a mint, glafs-houfe, and other manu- faftures, and the country around it is very fertile; but the inhabitants, both priefts and people, are accounted extremely pro- fligate and licentious in their 4 /nanners. Angelos is 62 miles SE. of Mexico. Lat, 19. 30. N, Ion. 99. 22. W. Angeljley> Somerfetfliire, near Taunton. Angerap, a river of Pruflia, which runs into the Pregel near Georgenburg. Angerburg, a diftrift, and a- well- built town on a lake of the fame name in Pruffia. AnGERMANNIA, orANGERMANLAND, a province in Sweden, 24 miles long, and 16 broad, having Jempterland on the W. and Medelpal on the S. It is diverfified with rocks, mountains, and forefts ; rivers and lakes abounding with fifh; and here are confiderable iron works. Angermunde, a town of Courland j and a town of Berg, Weftphalia. Angern, iron works in Courland. Angero, a town of Principato Citra. Angers, a large and populous city in the dept, of Maine and Loire, formerly capital of Anjou. It is feated near the confluence of the Sarte and Loire, and is divided by the Maine into two parts ; the weftern, extending into the plain, and the eaftern, which riles on the acclivity of a hill. It’s environs prefent a pleafing view of numerous country-houfes, upwards of a hundred wind-mills, well, cultivated kit- chen-gardens, and eminences that produce good white wine. The inhabitants are computed at 28,000. The manufa&ure of handkerchiefs and fail-cloth, is carried on here; the produce of the flate- quarries, at the extremity of the fuburb of Breflig- ny, forms likewife an important article of commerce. In Angers there is a fpacious fquare, and four beautiful public walks. It is 50 miles NE, of Nantz, and 175 SW. of Paris. Lat. 47, 30. N. Ion. o, 35. W. Angerton, Cumber!, in Holme Cultram. Angerton, Northumb. near Morpeth. Angerville, a town in the dept, of the Seine and Oife ; and a town in the dept, of Lower Seine. Anghiera, a county, and a town c£ Milan, on the E. fide of the Lake Mag- giore, 30 miles NW. of Milan. Lat. 45, 42. N. Ion. 8. 40. E. Angihart, a village of Tufcany. Angle, a town in the dept, of La Vendee ; and a town in thedept. of Vienne. Anglen, or Angelen, a tra& of country in Slefwick, from 16 to 20 miles in length, and little lefs in breadth, lying between Flenfburg and Slefwick. It is D a fubjeft, A N G fubjeCt, for the moft part, to the duke of Slefwick-Gottorp. Many authors fup- pofe, that this fmall country was the abo- riginal feat of the Angli, or Angles, who, joining with the Saxons, when called in to affift the Britons, in procefs of time be- came matters of the country, and gave it the name which it now bears, England. Angles, a town in the dept, of He- vault. Anglejborough , in Limerick, Munfter. Anglesey, or Anglesea, Isle of, the moft weftern county of N. Wales, through which the packets regularly pafs between London and Dublin. It was call- ed by the ancients Mona, and was the feat of the Druids, of whom there feem to be fome monumental remains, in the ereCt ions of huge ftones, fingly and colle&ively, in circles, and one upon another, as at Stone- henge} they are without any infeription, to (hew the time or occafion of their erec- tion. Here are alfo found fome Roman and other antiquities. Anglefey is an ifland, being feparated from Carnarvon- fhire by a long and narrow ftrait, called Menai, or Menu, which, in fome places, however, is fordable at low water. It is about 24. miles long and 14. broad} con- tains 74- parifhes, and about 11,000 inha- bitants. It is a fertile fpot, has fome va- luable quarries, and a very rich copper mine on Pary’s Mount. Anglefey Abbey , Camb. near Botfham. Angle ton^ Suffex, near Lewes. Angmcr\ng % £, and If. Suflex, two fmall villages on the Englilh Channel, near Arundel. Angol, a pleafant, well-watered city of Chili, fltuated on a very fertile plain, *25 miles N. of Baldivia. Lat. 37. 56. S. Ion. 72. 59. W. Angola, a fertile kingdom of Lower Guinea, or Congo, fltuated between the rivers Dande and Coanza. It is bounded on the N. by Congo Proper, on the E. by Matamba, on the S. by Benguela, and on the W. by the ocean. It produces Indian corn, beans, oranges, lemons, and leveral other fruits. The country is divided among feveral petty princes ; the Portu- guefe have feveral fettlements cn the coaft, and the Englilh and Dutch yet carry on that infamous traffic, the flave-trade. Po- lygamy is allowed in this country, and they praCtife the initiatory rite of the He- brews. They feem to be an amiable and peaceful people } they are tall, and are reckoned to be elegant figures, and very handfomej and from the fertility of the foil, and the fimplicity of their manners, they live very much at their eafej it is perhaps froro this circumftance, that thefe A N G injured people, when carried into flavery, Ihew an impatience of fatigue, and an in- dependency of fpirit, luperior to thofe from the Gold Coaft, where the foil is barren, and where they have been accuftomed to hardlhip and labour. Angola is fltuated between 9 and nearly n degrees S. lat. and between 10 and 20 E. Ion. Angora, or Angoura, anciently Ancyra, a town of Natolia, in Afiatic Turkey, remarkable for it’s remains of antiquity, as inferiptions, pillars, ruins of temples, & c. of porphyry and old marble. The caftle, which is as large as a fmall town, and well inhabited, both by the Chriftians and Turks, is built of white marble, and ftone refembling porphyry ; and throughout the walls of the town, which are low, and thofe of the houfes, which are generally built of unburnt brick, antique fragments are interfperfed. The city of Angora is computed to have 100,000 inhabitants in it, 90,000 of whom are Turks; and about 1000 of thefe are janizaries : Greeks, Armenians, Sc c. compofe the remaining 10,000. The country produces very good red wane, and they have excellent rice on fome of the rivers. They have the fineft breed of goats here in the world ; their hair or wool is quite white, and almoft as fine aj fllk ; a great trade is carried on in this ar- ticle, and the fineft fluffs, efpecially cams, lets, are made of it. The exports of An- gora to Holland, France, and England, are about 1600 camel loads yearly. It is 212 miles SE. of Conftantinople. Lat. 39. 30. N. Ion. 32. 5. E. An got, a f ruitful kingdom of Upper Ethiopia, environed with fteep mountains. It has been wrefted from Abyflinia by the Gallas. Angoulesme, a town of France in the dept, of Charente. It (lands on a mountain furrounded with rocks, the ri- ver Charente running at the foot of it. It is 20 miles SW. of Limoges, and 250 S, by W. of Paris. Lat. 45. 39. N. Ion. o. 24. E. Angoumois, late a province of France, of which Angoulefme was the capital, but now included in the dept, of Charente. It is hilly, but fertile, has good iron mines, and excellent paper manufactories. Angra, a diftriCt, and a fea-port on the S. fide of the ifland of Tercera. The city of Angra is the metropolis of all the Azores. The harbour is good, and the town well built and populous ; it has the privilege of fending a deputy to the cortes, or dates of Portugal. The Englifh and Dutch have confuls here, though the com- merce A N H fnerce is inconfiderable ; what they import, is moftly wood and corn, and other provi- fions. Lat. 38. 38. N. Ion. 27. 12. W. Angrogne, or Angkogna, a moun- tainous, yet fruitful parilh, or townfhip of Piedmont, through which runs a little ri- ver of the fame name. It is acceflible only by two partes at the S. and E. and there are retreats among the rocks, where, during the moft violent perfections againft the Vaudois, their old barte , bards, as they are called, or valley-minifters, preach- ed without interruption. Sometimes the valleys of Piedmont are called by the name of Angrogne. The town of An- grogne is 7 miles W. of Pignerol. Angton , Sulfex, near Arundel. Angso, a cattle of Upland. Ang'ued, a province of Algiers, or ra- ther a defert of Temecen. Hordes, or clans of Arabs, and others, live here mort- ly on plunder, obliging travellers to pay them money for their paflports, which are a kind of fmall flag at the end of a lance. They have but little corn, and they feed principally on dates, milk, and what wild game they kill. Tiiey range at pleafure about the country, acknowledging none but their own chief, and paying no tribute to the Algerines. Anguilla, or Snake Island, a woody, fertile, level tra£t, and the moft northerly of the Englilh Carribee Iflands. It is about 30 miles in length, and 10 in breadth; and there is good anchorage on the fouth fide. Lat. 18. 21. N. Ion. 63. W. Anguillara, a town of Patrimonio, in the pope’s territories ; alfo a lake, and a fmall but handfome town of Padua. Angus, a Ihire of Scotland, fometimes called Forfar, from the name of the coun- ty town, is bounded on the N. by Aber- deenlhire, on the NE. by Kincardinelhire, on the E. by the German Ocean, on the S. by the Frith of Tay, and on the W. by Perthfhire. It is about 40 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It has many lakes and hills, with quarries of flate and freeftone, and mines of lead and iron ore j the lower grounds are fertile in corn and patture; and along the coaft, the falmon filhery is very extenfively carried on. The principal rivers are the N. and S. Elk. Anhalt, a principality of Upper Sax- ony, 42 miles long and 8 broad. It abounds in corn and hops, has rich mines, and is watered by the Elbe, the Saala, or Salde, and the Mulda, Anhalt, or Anholt, an ifland in the Categat, 8 miles from the coaft of Jut- land, and 10 from Zealand. It is dan- gerous for Teamen, for which reafon a ANN iight-houfe is ere&ed on it. Lat. 56. 38. N. Anian, a barren, fandy defert of Ajan, in Africa. Anian. See Beering. Anjengo, a /mail town of Malabar, held by the Eaft India Company. Their merchandife confifts chiefly in pepper and calicoes. Lat. 8. 49. N. Ion. 76. 1. E. Anjou, a ci-devant province of France, forming, with the late provinces of Main© and Touraine, the 4 departments of Maine and Loire, Indre and Loire, Maine, and Sarte. Anker> a river of Warwickf. which fall# into the Tame at Tamworth. Anherdett , Worcef. on the borders of Herefordfhire. Ankhanty a river of Lincoln!', falling into the Humber by N. Ferriby. Ankerton , Oxfordf. NW. of Banbury. Ankeru/ick % Bucks, near Windfor. Anlaby % Yorkf. near Hull. Anna, or Anah, a diftriCt and town of Turkey in Alia. The latter is leated on fhe weftern bank of the Euphrates, where there is a plenty of olives, oranges, citrons, lemons, pomegranates, and dates. The fields produce cotton, and the com grows exceedingly high ; but the inhabit- ants are great freebooters, difperfing them- felves from hence all over the defert. The city is tributary to the grand feignior; but it is with great difficulty that the Turkifli aga and janizaries kept here, can levy the tribute. It is 130 miles W. of Bagdad, and 120 SSW. of Mouflol. Lat. 34. 30. N. Ion. 41. o. E. Anna, St. a Ruffian town and fortrefs, fituated on the Don. It’s ftreets are ftraight, broad, and well built j but the country about it is marlhy. Annabon. See Annobona. Annaburg, a town in the archduchy of Auftria; a town of Ertzeburg, Saxony 5 and another town of Saxony, 16 mile* ESE. of Wittenburg. Annacloy , in Down, Ulfter, on a branch of Strangford Lake. Annacotty , in Lime- rick, Munfter, 91 miles from Dublin, Annadorn , in Down, Ulfter, at the fource of the river of the fame name, which fall# into the inner bay of Dundrum. Annagh t in Cork, Munfter, near Charleville: the linen manufacture is carried on in thii village. Annagh , an ifland of Ireland, between the ifle of Achill and main land of Mayo. Anna LiFfEY, a river in Leinfter. It rifes in the co. of Wicklow, and, by a cir- cuitous courfe, runs into the co. of Kil- dare ; there it partes through the Leinftef aqueduCt under die grand canal, is preci- pitated ANN pitated from the rocks of Leixlip, form- ing a mod beautiful waterfal, and thence gently gliding through a beautiful and improved country, it pafles through the county and city of Dublin, and falls into Dublin Bay. Annalong, a river, fmall harbour, and village in Down, Ulfter, 69 miles from Dublin. Annamaboe, or Jam-issa, an Englifh fa&ory on the Gold Coaft of Guinea. Annamooka. See Rotterdam. Annan, a fea-port of Annandale, on the river Annan, about 3 miles NE. of Solway Frith, and 60 S. of Edinburgh. Annandale, a diftrift of Dumfries- shire, in Scotland. The mountains in the N. of this diftriCl, called Moffat Hills, are the higheft in the S. of Scotland, and from them defcend the Tweed, the Clyde, and the Annan. Annano, a fort of Milan, on the Ta- naro. Annapolis, the capital of Maryland, feated at the mouth of Severn river. The houfes, about 270 in number, are general- ly large and elegant. The plan of the city is a circle, with the ftadthoufe, a very ele- gant building, in the centre, and the ftreets, like radii, diverging from thence in differ- ent dire&ions. It is 30 miles S. of Bal- timore. Lat. 39. o. N. Ion. 77. 20. W. Annapolis, a town of Nova Scotia, on the eaft fide of Fu»dy Bay, has one of the fineft harbours in America, but the entrance is narrow and difficult. Lat. 44. 52. N. Ion. 64. 5. W. Anne's, St. Effex, near Chelmsford. Anne's Chapel, St. Devcnf. near Barn- ftaple. Anne's Hill , St. Surrey, near Chert- fey. Annecy, a town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, feated on the river Siaar, and on a lake of the fame name, about 10 miles long, and 4 broad. It is 20 miles S. of Geneva, and 22 NE. of Chamberry. Annenburg, a caftle of Corn land. Annenhof, an imperil feat near Pe- terfburg, on the banks of the Neva. Annejley , Nott. near Sherwood-Forefl. Annejley , or Haundjley, Staff. 1 mile from the Dove. Annet, one of the Scilly ifles, without inhabitants. On it are fome druidical re- mains, and, at low water, the foundations of ruined habitations are vifible, which are fuppofed to have been deftroyed by the fea. Anngro've , in Cork, Munfter. Annifor , a river in Pembrokcfhire, which runs into the Irifh Channel at Newport. Ann Little , Hampfliiig, near Whervel. ANT Annobona, an ifland near the coaft of Loango, fubjeCi: to the Portuguefe. It is ! well ftocked with cattle and fruit s the air is healthful, and provifions are very cheap. Lat. 1. 45. N. Annonay, a town in the depart, of Ardeche, feated at the confluence of the Cances and Deumes, Very fine paper is manufactured here; and it was in this place that the two brothers, Montgolfiers, paper-rhakers, in 1782, made the difeo- very of air-balloons. They floated them with rarefied air, obtained by means of a fire fufpended beneath them; and balloons of this kind are (fill called Montgolfiers, in honour of the inventors, and to diftin- guifh them from thofe that are filled with gas, or inflammable air: both kinds have burft, and the individuals been killed by the fall. Annonay is 12 miles SW. of Vi- enne. Lat. 45. 15. N. Ion. 4. 55. E. An none, a fort of Montferrat. Ano-Capri, the largeft town in the ifland of Capri. It is fubjeCt to Naples. Anowthan, Cornw. near St. Ives. Ansede, a diftrift of Entre Douro e Minho. Anikan, a town of Africa, on the Gold Coaft, where both the Englifh and Portuguefe have a fa&ory and fort. Ansloe, or Opsuje. See Christi- ania. Anspach, or Onolzbach, a princi- pality and town of Franconia; the coun- 1 try, which is beautifully interfperfed with i woods, produces corn and tobacco. Here ! are alfo feveral iron mines and medicinal ; lprings. In the town, fome valuable ma- nufactures are carried on, and in the pa- | lace theie is a very fine cabinet of curiofi- d ties. It is feated on the river Anfpach, j 25 mi]es SW. of Nuremburg. Lat. 49.,; 20. N. Ion. 10. 47. E. Anflely Cornwall, between Bddmin and Grampound. Anjtey, Lticef. near Groby. 1 Anjley , Warw. near Coventry. Anjley , Hants, near Alton. Anjley, Suffex, near Lewes. AnstrutHer, a town on the SE. coaft of the fhire of Fife, which annually employs, in commerce, 20 fmall veflels, to the amount of about 1172 tons. In the l'eafon, the tradefmen and mariners fit out 4 large boats for the herring filhery : 25 miles NE. of Edinburgh. Lat. 56. 15. N. Ion. z. 34. W. Anjly , Wiltfhire, near Wardour-Caftle. Anjly , Devon f. near South Moulton. Anten, or Hanta, a country of Guinea, about 30 miles in length. Antequiera, a handfome and popu- lo us city of Granada, l'uppol'ed to be the 1 Singilia ♦ ANT SIngilia of Pliny, and the Antiquaria of Antoninus’s Itinerary. The upper, part of the town is feated on a hill, and has a callle : the low£r (lands in a fertile plain, and is watered by a great number ot brooks. Some rocks near this town have a very romantic appearance, and, in pits of the mountain, when the water is evapo- rated by the heat of the fun, confiderable quantities of fait are obtained. Here are (till to be feen the mines, whence the Ro- mans drew Inch immenfe quantities of pre- cious metals. It is 26 miles NW. of Ma- laga. Lat. 37. 1. N. Ion. 4. 40. W. Antec^uiera. See Guaxaca. Anter Chejler , Northumb. near Lear- inouth. Anthony, £. and W. Cornw. near Saltalh. It has a fifh-pond which lets in the fea, and furniflies the inhabitants with fi(h. There are two other villages called Anthony , the one E. the other W. of Fal- mouth. Anthony , Somerfetf. 8 miles from Somerton. Anthony St. in Meney t Cornw. »ear Helfton-Downs. Antibari. See Antivari. Antibes, a fea-port in the dept, of Var, with a caftle, and a harbour only ca- pable of receiving fmall veflels. It is feated on the Mediterranean, 9 miles SW. of Nice. Lat. 43. 35. N, Ion. 7. 13. E. Anticoste, a fandy, barren ifland, in the mouth of the river St. Lawrence, about 80 miles in length, and 20 in the middle, where wideft. Lat. about 49. to 50. N. Ion. from 61. 30. to 64. 12. W. Anticur bridge , in Antrim. Ulfter. Antigua, one ot theEnglidi Carribee iflands, about 20 miles in length, and nearly the fame in breadth. The inhabit- ants, from the want of fprings, are oblig- ed to fave the rain-water in cifterns, and to fetch it from the other iflands. It is very rocky, but has excellent harbours, contains about 60,000 acres, 6 towns and villages, 6000 whites, and 3600 negroes. The chief produce is fugar, of which there is annually 16,000 hogfheads produced. The capital, St. John’s, has a royal navy yard and arfenal, with conveniences for careening fliips of war. It is 60 miles SE. of St. Chriftopher’s. Lat. 17. 5, N. Ion. 62. 5. W. Antilles, the name the French give to the Carribees. See Indies West. Antingham , Norf. near Reppis. Antio, or Anzio, a promontory of Campagna di Roma, in the pope’s terri- tories, in the Mediterranean, near which is a harbour. It takes it’s name from the ancient city Antium, the ruins of which cxrend over a long traft of land. ANT Antioco, a fmall ifland near .'rdinia. Lat. 41. N. Ion. 9. E. Antioch, now Anthakia, an an. nt and celebrated, but now ruinous c : ty of Syria, where the dilciples of Jefus firlt re- ceived the name of Chrillinns. It's ruins are yet magnificent ; they ftretch along the river Orontes, now Afli, 15 miles E. of the Mediterranean, and 40 SW. of Alep- po. Lat. 35. 17. N. Ion. 36. 45. E. Antiochetta, a fmall town in Cara- mania, on the fea-coall. Antipachsu. See Pachsu. Antiparos, the ancient Oliaros, an ifland of urn. Appleton , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Rydel. Appleton , E. and IV. Yorkf. near Bedal. Appletree Wick , Yorkf. near Skipton. Apfe, Ifie of Wight, near Me- dina. Apjley , Suffex, near Bramber. Apt, an ancient town in the depart, of the Mouths of the Rhone. It’s commerce confifts in prunes, coarfe lerges, and wax- chandlery, for which laft there is a great demand. Here are many fine Roman an- tiquities. It is fituated on the river Ca- lavon, 20 miles N. of Aix, and 25 SE. of Orange. Lat. 43. 51. N. Ion. 5. 30. E. Apton- Combe, Me of Wight, near Me- dina. Apueis, an Indian nation of Brafil. Apulia. See Puglia, La. Apurima, or Aporamac, a rapid river of Peru in S. America. Apurwaca, a river of Guiana. Aqua-Negra, two towns of Italy, one in the Mantuan, and another in the Cremonefe. Aquila, a large, bandfome town of Naples, capital of Abruzzo Ultra. Lat. 42. 20. N. Ion. 13. 39. E. AQUiLAR-DEL-CAMro, a fmall town of Old CaftUe. Aquilatt, A R A Aquilate , Stafford fhire, near Newport. Aquilea, or Aquileia, a town of Friuli in Italy, formerly rich and flourifh- ing, but now decayed. It was taken and lacked by Attila, in 452. Lat. 46. o. N. Ion. 13. 8. E. Aquino, a town of Terra di Lavora, Naples, confining of only 35 houfes. It lies 30 miles NW, of Capua. Aquitaine. See Guienne, Ara, a river of Spain, which joins the Cinca at Ainfa, in Arragon. Arabia, a country of Afia,on the SW. It may be accounted a peninfula, being joined on the N. to Syria; bounded on the NE. by the river Euphrates, which di- vides it from Diarbeck, or Diarbekar, the ancient Mefopotamia ; on the E. by the Gulfs of Perfia and Ormus ; on the S. by the Indian Ocean ; and on the W. by the Red Sea, which feparates it from Africa. It lies between 12 and 32 degrees N. la- titude, and between 35 and nearly 60 E. Ion. extending 1430 miles in length, and 1200 in breadth. It is divided, by Euro- peans, into Petrea, Deferta, and Felix ; or the Stony, the Defert, and the Kappy : but, by the Arabians themfelves, into 6 provinces, viz. Hedjas, Yemen, Hadra- maut, Oman, Lachfa or Hadsjar, and Nedsjid. Arabia Petrea is the finalieft of the three, and towards the N. very mountainous, having few inhabitants be- caufe of it’s barrennefs. This is the wil- dernefs through which the children of If- rael parted, in their journeying from Egypt to Canaan. In Arabia Deferta, the plains of land are fo immenfe, that travellers, in crofTmg them, are obliged to make ufe of the mariner’s compafs, as if at fea ; and the tempers are not lefs terrible here than on the ocean. The air is exceflively hot; fprings or ftreams are fcarcely to be met with : a peftiiential vapour fometimes paffes along, which inftanily kills thofe who hap- pen to inhale it ; and when the wind riles high, the defert affumes the appearance of the mod rough and tempeftuous fea. The land is lifted from it’s bed by the force of the winds, and driven along like waves, clouds, and rain ; every thing that falls in it’s way is overwhelmed, and whole ca- ravans of travellers, with their horfes and camels, find one common grave in the de- luge of fand. “ In the general afpe£l of this defert region,” fays a modern travel- ler, “ which is that of a vaft plain, ter- minated on all fides by the horizon, the eye feeks in vain for fome intervening ob- ject to relt upon ; and after flitting over a difmal wafte of fand, or fcorched brambles, it returns to enjoy relaxation in the herds, ARA and other property, with which the Ara- bian is furrounded. A deep and difmal filence reigns over this heavy landfcape : no beaft, no bird, no infeft, is feen to di- verfify the fad uniformity of the fcene.** M. de Pages obferves that, in traverfing the whole extent of Arabia Deferta, he faw ft only 4 rabbits, 5 or 6 rats, 3 large and 7 or 8 fmall birds.” “ Here, indeed, all our ideas of deferts, as iound in the poetical language of oriental tales, fail fhort of the truth! A ftilinefs, like the filence of night, the faint remains of a breeze, (fill glowing with the fervour of the meridian fun, but finking with his orb ; an unbounded wade, covered with dark, grey fand, refembling the allies of a fur- nace, and according with the raging heat of thofe regions ; above, the vaft canopy of heaven, acrofs whofe pale atmofphere no other object is feen, but the reddifh difk of the fun dipt in the horizon, are circumftances which confpire to imprefs the mind of a fpe&ator with an unpleafing melancholy.” Along the banks of the Euphrates, however, where the land is fer- tilized, there are great flocks of fheep, and large herds of cattle and camels. Oftriches, alfo, are found there in great numbers* The produce of Arabia F^lix, which is, by far, the mod confiderable of the three provinces, is myrrh, aloes, caflia, frankin- cenfe, fpikenard, manna, and other coftly gums ; cinnamon, dates, oranges, lemons, pomegranates, figs, and other fruits ; ho- ney and wax in plenty; and immenfe quan- tities of coffee. In a country fo various, and of fuch extent, we may expeft the manners of the inhabitants to vary. Thofe in the fertile parts have long been domef- ticated ; to them we are indebted for many valuable difcoveries ; they have been our preceptors in chemiftry and mathe- matical fcience; they firft introduced into Europe the invention of the ten arithmeti- cal figures, and taught us their ufe. On the other hand, the Arabs in the Defert have no houfes, but tents ; they lead wan- dering lives, removing from place to place, partly for the fake of pafture, and partly to lie in wait for the caravans, which they often rob, as they travel over the Defert from Buffarah to Aleppo, and from Egypt to Mecca, the place of Mahomet’* nativity. Aracan, or Reccan, a fertile, but not a populous, country of Afia, on the NE. coaft of the Bay of Bengal, having Meckley on the N. and Burmah on theE. It is governed by 12 princes, fubjeft to the chief king, who refides in his capital, called alfo Awaib a city about a« large as A R A Sts Amfterdam ; through which the large and beautiful liver, Chaberis or Aracan, glides in many ftreams. Lat. 20. 38. N. Ion. 93. E. His palace is very large, and contains, it is faid, 7 idols of caff gold, two inches thick, each of a man’s height and covered with diamonds, rubies, and other precious (tones ; and, in his (tables, he has horfes, elephants, lions, tigers, &c. They have only two feafons, the rainy and the fair ; the rainy feafon is, while the fun is on the N. fide of the line, or during our fpring and l'ummer months ; the reft of the year is their fummer. Elephants, buffaloes, and tigers are numerous here. The articles of commerce are, timber, lead, tin, and elephants’ teeth 5 and fome- times traders meet with diamonds, rubies, and other precious ftones. The inhabit- ants are idolatrous $ polygamy is permit- ted among them s admiring broad and flat foreheads, they bind leaden plates on their children’s foreheads, as foon as they are born, and accounting long ears a beauty, they fo load them with rings, as to make them at lalt hang down to their (houlders. Arad, a country and a town of Hun- gary, 24 miles N. of Temefwar. Arafat, a mountain of Arabia, near Mecca, where great numbers of Muflul- men refort annually, having a tradition that Abraham offered to facrifice Hhmael there. Aragnifs, Northumb. near Morpeth. Aragua, a town of Cumana, in Terra Firma. Aral, or Arat, a lake of Afia, 200 miles E. of the Cafpian Sea, into which many rivers are now found to run, which were formerly thought to difeharge them- felves into the latter. It is about 250 miles long, and in fome places 150 broad. It lies between 42 and 47 degrees N. lat. and between 58 and 62 E. Ion. Aranda de Duero, a town of Old Caftile, 42 miles SE. of Valladolid. Aranias, a river of Tranfylvania. Aranjuez, a town and palace of the king of Spain, remarkable for it’s grand and elegant gardens, reckoned the moft delightful in the world, with a public walk, 4 miles long, that croffes the Tajo twice before it lofes itfelf in the thickets. It is fltuated in New Caftile, 25 miles S. of Madrid. Aranyas- Szek, Aranyos-Ma- ROTH, Aranyos Medgyes, and Ara- ny-Var, 4 villages in Hungary. Ararat, the name anciently given to part of Mount Caucafus, in Armenia, be- tween the Black and Cafpian Seas, where Noah’s ark is fuppofed to have refted after the flood. It is 60 miles S. of Erivan, ARB Arari, a river of Brafil. Aras, Arassow, or Araxes, a rivetf of Armenia, which, after running SE. acrol's that country and part of Perlia, falls into the river Kuf, or Cyrus. Arassi, a maritime town of Genoa. Arasth, or Arr ais, a maritime town of Fez, on the river Lucar, where it falls into the Atlantic. Arava, a fortrefs of Upper Hungary. Arauco, a fortrefs and town of Chili, feated in a fine valley, and on a river of the fame name. The natives of it, after 100 years war, though deftitute of fire- arms, drove the Spaniards out of it ; but in 1650, concluded a peace with them. Lat. 30. 30. S. Ion. 73. 2,0. W. Arayv. See Aaraw. Araya, a cape of S. America, form- ing the N. point of the Oronoque. Here are fait pits, from which the Dutch ufed freely to fupply themfelves, till the year 1605, when their (hips were unexpectedly deftroyed by the Spaniards, who, in 1622, built a fort there. Arbago , in Weftmorland, furnishes a vaft quantity of iron ore. Arba, a town and ifland lately of Ve- nice, on the coaft of Dalmatia. Arbela. See Irbjl. Arbella , in Kerry, Munfter, near the ruins of Ballycarthy Caftle, 138 miles from Dublin. Arberg, a town on the river Aar, in the canton of Berne. It (lands on a rock, out of which there is cut a fort, 27 miles S. of Bade; alfo another town of Berne, 12 miles NW, of the city of that name. Arbes, a city of Tunis, in a beautiful plain, watered by many fine fprings. It is two days journey S. of Bona; here are feveral Roman antiquities and inferiptions to be met with. Arbirlot, a village and parifh of Forfar. Arbiftock , a parifh of Denbighfhire. Arboga, or Abroga, a neat, inland town of Weftmanland, on the river Storae, which a little lower falls into Maeler lake. It is 56 miles W. of Stockholm. Arbois, a fmall, populous town in the dept, of Jura, celebrated for it’s white wines. It is 22 miles SW. of Befan$on. Lat. 46. 55. N. Ion. 5. 4.0. E. Arbon, an ancient town of Swifferland, in the Turgow, on the S. fide of the lake of Conftance, with a caftle built by the Romans. It is 12 miles SE. of Conftance. Lat. 47. 30. N. Ion. 9. 30. E. Arbroath. See Aberbrothwick. Arbury, near Cambridge. Arbury - Bonks , Herts, near Afhweil. Arbury , Warwickflure, near Nuneaton. Arcurtbie, ARC Arburthie, a diftrifl in the fhire of Kincardin, or Mearns, Scotland. Arc, a river of the dept, of Mt. Blanc, which, in tumbling along it’s rocky courle, before it joins the Ifere, forms many re- markable waterfals. Arcadia. SeeTRACONiA. Arcadia, a fea-port of the Morea, near the gulf of the fame name. It is nearly oppofite to the Ifle - of Zante, 64 miles SW, of Corinth, and 22 N. of Na- varin. Lat. 37. 24. N. Ion. 21. 42. E. Arcahaye, or L’Arcahaye, a pa- rifh, plain, or territorial diftrift, in the French part of St. Domingo, which, tho’ one of the fmalleft in the colony, embraces a fpace of about 74 miles in length. In the parilh are 57 fugar eftates, 300 coffee ditto, 4 indigo ditto, and about 100 fmall places where cotton is cultivated. The flaves are computed at 18,000, and the white inhabitants from 1000 to 1200. Archangel, a fea-port of Ruflia, feated on the Dwina, 4 miles from the White Sea, which is frozen up for three months in the winter, but the reft of the year is open. The paffage to it, through the N. Sea, was firft difcovered by Capt. Richard Lane, an Englishman, in 1553, his (hip being feparated from the fleet of Sir Hugh Willoughby, then on an expedi- tion to difcover a ME. paffage to China. Sir Hugh, with 70 men, periled in Lap- land ; Lane wintered here. On the Eng- lifh firft entering the White Sea, they found a fifliing boat, the people in which, having never feen a fliip before, fled before them; but, on a nearer approach, fell at their feet, and though they could hardly be perfuaded to fell any thing without their prince’s leave, gave them plenty of vi6luals for nothing. The Englifli, from Elizabeth’s time, had the exclufive privi- lege of trading here, and in the other northern ports of Ruflia, from Wardhus to the river Oby, till the death of Charles I. when the czar was fo exafperated at their condu6t, that he wholly deprived them of it ; and fince that time it has been open to all nations. The trade here is yet confi- derable, though it is greatly diminilhed fince the building of Peterfburg, from which it is diftant 400 miles NE. Lat. 64. 34. N. Ion. 39. o. E. Archangel-gorod, one of the go- vernments of Ruflia, comprehending Sa- moides, Laplanders, &c. It’s capital is Archangel. Arcbenjield , Hereford!. Arches , Berks, in E. Hendred parifli. Archefier , North- ampton!. 2 miles from Wellingborough, Archidona, a town of Andalufia. ARB Archipelago, anciently called the ./Egean Sea, that part of the Mediterra- nean which lies between Europe and Alia, having Macedonia and Romania on the N. Natolia on the E. Livadia and the Morea on the W. and the Ifle of Candia on the S. It contains many large and fmall iflands, as Rhodes, Negropont, Lemnos, Tenedos, Scyros, Mytelene, Scio, Samos, Patmos, Paros, Antiparos, Cerigo, Santo- rin, Andros, Tino, Naxia, Milo, Delos, &c. ArchifelagoNort hern, four prin- cipal clufters of iflands, between the E. coaft of Kamtfchatka and the W. coaft of America. The firft, called Safignan, con- tains 5 iflands j the fecond, called Khao, includes 8 iflands; and both thefe groupes together are ftyled the Aleuthian Iflands. The third group is called, the Andrea- noffski Oftrova, and comprifes 16 iflands. The fourth group, is the Lyflie Oftrova, or the Fox Iflands, alfo 16 in number. Arcigovina, a duchy of Dalmatia. Arcis-sub-Aube, a fmall town on the river, and in the dept, of Aube, 15 miles N. of Troyes. Arclid , Chefliire, near Northwich. Arco, of Arch, a town and caftle in the Trentin, on the river Sarca, near the N. extremity of the Lake de Garda. It is 16 miles SW. of Trent. Arcole , Shropf. a hamlet of Pullid, 3 miles SW. of Hinftock. Arcole , or Ark - hul, now High-Ercal , 4 miles from Salop. Arcopi Heretordfhire. Arconato, a town of Milan. Arcos, a town of Old Caftile; and a town of Seville, Andalufia, on a craggy hill, at the foot of which runs the Gua- daleto, 28 miles NE. of Cadiz. Arcot, a large city, the capital of the Carnatic, in the peninfula of Hindooftan. It is fituated on the river Paliar, 73 miles from Madras, and 217 from Seringapatam. Lat. 12. 30. N. Ion. 79. o. E. Arcueil, a village, 3 miles S. of Pa- ris, remarkable for an aquedufl, which is thought to equal the works ot the ancient Romans. It was built in 1624 by Mary de Medicis, and fupplies the different parts of Paris with water. Ardaghf in Longford, Leinfter. Ardagh , near Rathkeale, in Limerick, Munfter. Ardaragh, in Donegal, Ulfter. Ardbrac- catt , a neat village, in Meath, Leinfter, 3 miles W. of Navan, and 25 NW. of Dublin. Ardbury , or Erdbury t Warwickfhire, near Coventry. Ardea, a village of the Campagna di Roma. Ardecttb } in Meath, Leinfter. Ardebil, A R D Ardebil, an ancient town of Adir- beitzan, for feveral centuries the refidence and burial place of the Perfian kings, par- ticularly of Seheich Eider, founder of the Schah fe£h Pilgrims rel’ort to this place from all parts of Perfia. It is 25 miles E. of Tauris. Lat. 38. 15. N. Ion. 4-8. 20. E. Ardeche, a department of France, before the revolution, called the Vivarois. It takes it’s natne from the river Ardeche, which falls into the Rhone. Ardee, or Atherdea, a town in the county of Louth, in Leinfter, 34 miles NW. of Dublin. Lat. 53. 54. N. Ion. 6. 46. W. Here is a mount, called Caftle- guard, nearly 90 feet high, apparently a work of art ; the depth of the main trench is between 30 and 40, the circumference at the top is not lefs than 140, and round the foundation it is upwards of 600 feet. Some conclude it to have been afepulchral monument, and burying-place of fome of the Irifli kings; others, that it was a place of aflembly, for the people to debate on public affairs. Arden t Yorkfhire, near Thirfk. Ardenburg, a town of Dutch Flan- ders, 10 miles NE. of Bruges. Ardennes, a department of France, comprifing the N. part of Champagne. It is fo named from a famous foreft, lying on the river Meufe, extending in Casl'ar’s time far into Germany ; what remains of it at prefent, lies between Thionville and Liege. Ardenora,C ornw. between Grampound and Leftwithiel. Ardenfide, Yorkf. near Arden, abovementioned. Ardes, a peninfula in the county of Down, in Ulfter, being nearly furrounded b r the Irifh Channel and the Bays of Strangford and Carrickfergus. This ba- rony was anciently a couDty of itfelf, as it appears by a patent roll of Henry I. (A. D. 1400) now in Bermingham’s tower, Dublin-caftle, that the faid king granted to Robert Fitzjordan Savage, the office of fheriff of the Aides, in Ulfter. Ardejley y Yorkf. near Settle. Ardejley, E. and IV. Yorkf. near Otley. Ardfert , in Kerry, Munfter, diftant from Dublin 144 miles. Ardf-nnan, in the county of Cork, Munfter. Ardglass, now a decayed, but once a principal town of Down, in Ulfter. Here is a long range of buildings, in the caftle ftyle, called by the inhabitants, the new works, though they have no tradition of it’s defign or ufe. It extends 250 feet in length, in breadth only 24; the thicknefs of the walls is 3 feet : it has three towers in front joined to it, one at each end, and A R D one in the centre, conftrufted on a defign uniform and elegant. It has been divided into 1 8 apartments below, and the fame number above, with a ftair cafe in the cen- tre; each apartment on the ground-floor had a fmall Gothic door, and a large fquare window, which feems to denote that they were fhops or ware- rooms, occupied a t fome very early period, by merchants from fo- reign parts. Within 10 feet of the S, lower of this building ftands a fquare caf- tle, called Horn caftle, from the great quantity of ox, deer, and cow horns being found about it ; it is 40 feet by 30, con- fifts of two ftories, and from the fire-places and other marks, appears to have been the kitchen and dining-hall belonging to the merchants. Here are the remains of le- veral other caftles, towers, and gates, and within the NE. point of Ardglafs harbour, is a very curious and natural cave, with a large entrance on the fhore. The duties of this port were let to farm, fo lately as the beginning of the reign of Charles I. It lies 7 miles NE. of Downpatrick. Ardgroom, a harbour of Kerry, Munfter. Ardingleigh, SufT. near Lewes. Arding~ ton , Berks, N. of Wantage, and hear the Vale of White Horfe. Ardingavortb, Northamp. near Rothwell. Ardley, Eflex, nearTendring. Ardley, Oxf. near Bicefter, ARDMEANAGH,a territory of Rofsfhi re. ArcLmillanSpa, in Down, Ulfter, a chaly- beate water of Caftlereagh, on the Lake Strangford. Ardmore, a pariffi of Water- ford. Ardmorehead, a noted promontory on the S. coaft of Ireland, in the county of Waterford, which forms the E. fide of Youghall Harbour. Ardra, or Arder, a fmall kingdom and town of the Slave Coaft, on the E. fide of the Volta, Upper Guinea. The country is fertile in Indian corn, palm- wine, plants and fruits, which laft all the year, and the inhabitants make a great deal of fait; they live to a great age, but the fmall pox is very fatal to them. The town of Ardra is in lat. 5. 5. N. Ion, 4. 10. E. Ardrahin , in Galway, Connaught. Arsres, a town in the dept, of Puy de Dome ; and a fmall town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais. At this laft place, Francis I. and Henry VIII. of England had an interview, in 1510, when the two kings and their attendants, difpiayed their wealth and finery with fuch emulation, that the plain where they met was named, the Field of the Ciot’n of Gold. Ardres is feated in a morafs 8 miles S. of Calais. Lat. 50. 50. N. Ion. 1. 59. E. Ardrofs , the heights of Rofsffiire. Ard - ARE A R G Ardnamnrchan, a diftrift of Argylefhlre. Ardnaree , in Mayo, Connaught. Ard~ patrick , in Munfter, 19 miles S. of Lime- lick. Ards , NW. of Invernefs. Ardfallah , in Rofcommon, Connaught. Ardfallas , in Clare, Munfter. Ardtully , near Callan, in the parilh of Kilgarwan* in Kerry, Munfter. Ardavick, Lane, near Manchefter. Are j fee Aire. Arebatillo, a river of Old Caftile, that falls into the Douro. Areeo, or Arbon, a town of Africa, capital of Benin, 60 miles from the lea. The Englifh had once a fa&ory here, as the Dutch have ftill. Lat. 6. o. N. Ion. 5. s- E. Areca, an illand in the gulf of Perfia, 9 miles long and 3 wide. It is 3 miles SW. of Ormus. Aregno, a diftrhft of Corfica. Arekea, a port on the Red Sea, 55 miles from Suaquen. Lat. 15. 40. N. Ion. 39. o. E. Arclagh, Lane, near the river Duddon, oppefite to Millum-caftle. Areley, or Arnley, Staff, ftretches above a mile on the Severn, Areley, Chefli. near Norwich. Areley t Staff, near Seifdon. Areley -Kings, Areley- Id ether, Worcef. 6 or 7 miles S. of Bewdley. Aremberg, a neat, pleafant city in the cifcle of the Lower Rhine, and capital of a duchy of the fame name. It is feated on the river Aer, 22 miles S. of Cologne. Lat. 50. 22. N. Ion. 7. 3. E. Aremorica, or Armorica, a name, in the lower ages, applied folely to Bre- tagne in France; but Caefar extends it to all the countries between the Loire and the Seine. Aren , Dorfetf. on the coaft, 4 miles E. of Wareham, and 1 from Pool Harbour. Arena, a town of Calabria Ultra. Arendonk, a town near Antwerp. Arens, or Arensharde, a diftrift of Slefwick, through which paffes the fa- mous Danneuafke, that is, the great wall or rampart, which the Danifti king, Go- tric, about the beginning of the ninth century, built acrofs the country from Hollingfted as far as the Sley, a length of 46 Englifh miles, as a defence againft the incurfions of the Saxons, and Sclav! . The people of this diftrift were the firft in the country who ptofeffed Chriftianity, and their church, built in the year 826, was often demoliflied by thofe who turned again to idolatry. Arensberg, a town and county of Weftphalia, fubjeft to the ele&or of Co-, logne. The former is feated on the Roer, 50 miles NE. of Cologne: alfo, another town of Schauenberg, Weftphalia. Arensburg, a fea-port town of Ruf- lia, in Livonia, in the I fie of Oefel, on the Baltic. Lat. 58. 1 5. N. Ion. 25. 40. E. Arenttm, in Entre Douro eMinho. Arenswalde, a town in the New Marche of Brandenburg, on the frontiers of Pomerania. Lat. 53. 13. N. Ion. 15. 32. E. Arequipa, a populous city of Peru, feated on a river, in a fertile country, or diftrift, of the fame name, 290 miles S. by E, of Lima. The air is very temperate j but near it there is a dreadful volcano. Lat. j6. 40. S. Ion. 72. 30. W. Ares. See Aras. Arey-beck , Weftmor. near Gowburrow- Park, on the borders of Cumberland. Arezzo, or AREZZA,an ancient town of Tufcany, on a mountain. It is 34 miles SE. of Florence. Lat. 43.27. N. Ion. 12. o. E. Arga, a river of Spain, which waters Navarre, and falls into the Ebro. Argan, a town of New Caftile. Arganil, a town of Beira. Argences, a town in the dept, of Cal- vados, on the river Meauce, 10 miles E. of Caen. Lat. 49. 12. N. Ion. o. 2. W. Argenta, a river of Albania, which runs into the Adriatic, 6 miles N. of Du- razzo. Argentan, a town in the dept, of Orne. It’s trade confifts of corn, fine linen, lawns, gauze, and other thin cloths, hats, and tanned leather. It is feated on an eminence, in the middle of a fertile plain, on the banks of the Orne, ia miles NW, of Seez, and no W. of Paris. Lat. 48. 45. N. Ion. o. 5. E. Argentaro, Monte, a cape and promontory on the coaft of T ufcany, about 12 miles S. of Orbitello; it juts out into the fea, in the form of a peninfula, and is a ferviceable landmark. Argenteuil, a town in the dept, of the Seine and Oil'e, 8 miles NW. of Pari$. It is a very beautiful place, with fine vine- yards ; and in the environs, they have quarries of piaifter of Paris ; alfo a town in the dept, of the Yonne. Argentiera, a barren ifland of the Archipelago, about 18 miles in circumfe- rence. It’s name is taken from the filver mines in it. It’s inhabitants are Greeks, but there is only one village in the illand. Lat. 37. 10. N. Ion. 25. 10. E. Argentiere, L’, a town in the dept, of the Upper Alps. Argentina, a town in the dept, of Mont Blanc ; and a town of Calabria Citra. Argenton, a town ia the dept, of tiie A R G the Indre, divided into two by the river Creufe. It is 37 miles SW. of Bourges, and 62 SE. of Poitiers. Lat. 46. 35. N. ion. 1. 38. E. Argbolme, Lancaf. nearCartmel. Argol, a town in the dept, of Finif- terre. Argos, a fea-port in the Morea, on a bay, 25 miles SW. of Corinth. Lat. 37. 30. N. Ion. 23. 5. E. Argostoli, a fea-port town of Cefa- lonia, the bed in theifland. Argovv, a diftrift of Switzerland, on the river Aar, including a confiderable part of Berne. Arguin, a rocky ifland on the coaft of Negroland, 30 miles SE. of Cape Blanco. It has been fucceflively in the hands of the Portuguefe, Dutch, Englifh, and French ; which lait, in 1678, demolifhed the for- trefs which the Portuguefe had built : iince that time, the Dutch have begun to fettle there again. Lat. 20. 30. N. Ion. *7. 20. W. Argun, Orgon, Orkon, or Ar- (GUNSKOI, a town of E. Tartary, on a ri- ver of the fame name, which feparates the Tartar and Ruffian dominions in that part, and falls into the Amur, in lat. 53. N. Ion. 121, E. There are mines of filver and lead near it, and a pearl fifhery in the river. Lat. 50. 50. N. Ion. 120. E. Argyleshire, or Inver ary, a coun- ty of Scotland, bounded on the N. by In- vernefsfhire, on the E. by the counties of Perth and Dumbarton, on the S. and W. by the Atlantic Ocean, by which it is broken info iflands and peninfulas, with bays and inlets, which afford good har- bours for flapping; and the country is well watered with rivers and lakes, which yield abundance of fifh. It is not quite 200 miles long, from the Mull of Cantyre to it’s NE. extremity ; it's breadth is un- equal, about 30 miles where greated, and in fome parts only 1 or 2. To the NW. is a peninfula, detached from the red of the county} it contains the didri&s of Ardnamurchan, Morven, Sunart, and Ardgowarj the two lad remarkable for numerous veins of lead, which, however, are not very productive. The peninfulas of Cantyre and Cowall, are likewife very large. A great part of the country abounds with rocks, frightful precipices, and dupendons mountains, apparently piled one upon another; yet, even in the high grounds, the foil, though little fitted for cultivation, affords excellent padure. Arhusen. SeeARHuus. Ariano, a town of Principato Citra, 25 miles E. of Benevento, and 10 NW. of Trcvico. Lat, 41, 8,N.lon, 15. 19. E. A R L Ariano, a town in the pope’s terri- tories, on a branch of. the river Po, 22 miles NE. of Ferrara. Lat. 45. o. N. Ion. 12. 8. E. Ar4C a, a lea-port of Peru, almod de- droyed by an earthquake, in 1605. It fcarcely ever rains here; and many farrns are employed in the cultivation of Guinea pepper, in which they have a great trade to Lima, from which it is 550 miles SE. Here they uled to drip tlve treafure which was brought from Potoii, from which it is 270 miles W. but it has now, for many years, been carried overland to Lima. Near it is a mountain ef rock fait. Aripo, or Arino, a town on the W. coad of Ceylon, at the mouth of the river Sarunda, fubjeft to the Dutch. To the E. of it is a pearl-fifliery. Lat. 8. 42. N. Ion. 25. 80. E. Ark , a river in Yorkf. which falls into the Swale near Grinton . Arkendale , Yorkf. in the parilh of Knartfborough. Arken- dale , Yorkfhire, near Applegarth-Fored. Arkefden y Effex, near Newport. Arkley , Yorkf. between Richmond and Weilmor- land. Ark low, a neat market town and fea- port of the county of Wicklow, with a harbour for fmall veffels. The tide flows very little here. It is 13 miles S. of Wicklow, and 26 of Dublin. Arkfey> Yorkf. 5 miles N. of Doncafler. Arhjlony Hereford!', between Druxton and Kingdom Arladoity Cumb. near White- haven. Arle> Glouc. 1 mile fiom Chel- tenham, where is a remarkable Ipring, Arles, a large, handfome, and ancient city, in the dept, of the Mouths of the Rhone. The adjacent country is very plealant, and produces good wine, manna, oil, fruits, and vermilion, and the air is excellent, yet the city is not populous. Condantine, the Roman emperor, took great delight in this place, and made it the ieat of the empire in Gaul; and here are fome remains of their antiquities, of which the amphitheatre and obelifk are the molt remarkable. It is feated on the Rhone, 12 miles SE. of Nifmes, 35 NW. of Mar- feilles, and 430 S. by E. of Paris. Lat, 43. 41. N. Ion. 4. 43. E. Arlefcote, Warw. under Edgehill. Ar- lejley , Bedfordshire, near Shefford. Arlesheim, a town of Rafil, Switzer- land, 13 miles S. of the cityof Bafil. Arlejlon> Derby!’, between Barrow and Findern. Arley , War. W. of Nuneaton. Arlingham , Glouc. near Berkeley, pemn- fulated by the Severn, which is here a mile in breadth. It’s exhalations are thought to render the air unwholefome; the paifage over it is near this place, Arlingkam y near Qloucefter. ARM Gloucefter. Arlington, Suflex, near Peven- i’ey. Arlington, Bedf. between Harlington and Shepefton. Arlington , Gloueef. near Bybury. Arlifcot, Shropf. near Ford. Arlon, an ancient town of Luxem- burg, now difmamled. It is feated on a mountain, near the fource of the river Se- moy, io miles NW. of the city of Lux- emburg. Arlfey, Yorkf. N. of Doncafter. Armadabad. See Amadabat. Armagh, a couniy of Ireland, in the province of Uifter, bounded on the W. by Tyrone and Monaghan ; on the N. by Ty- rone and Lough Neagh; on the E. by Down ; and on the S. and SE. by Louth and Monaghan. It’s foil is rich and well cultivated ; the ridge of mountains, called the Fewes, excepted, which runs acrofs it. It is a great linen county, it’s trade there- in being eftimated at 291,9001. annually. The inhabitants are about 120,000, and it contains 21,983 houfes. ^Armagh, the county-town, where the aflizes are held, and the fee of an archbi- fhop, who is primate of all Ireland. Here is a noble fchool, a royal foundation ; alfo a public library, and an obfervatory, en- dowed with a liberal income for an aftro- noiner. It is about 30 miles SE. of Lon- donderry, and 63 N, of Dublin. Lat. 54. 27. N. Ion. 6. 57. W. Armagbbregab , in Meath, Leinfter. Armagnac, a ci-devant province of Guienne, in France, having Languedoc on the E. and Gafcony on the W. it now iorms part of the department of Gers. Armamar, a town of Beira. Armanthn the N. by the mountains of Thibet, ind on the SE, and S. by Meckley. The AST river Burampooter flows through the whole length of it. It’s capital is Gerghon f The natives are fond of the flefh of dogs, Almoft every houfekeeper has an elephant : they live comfortably, and as the king is the foie proprietor of all the gold, filver, and other metals found in this kingdom* they pay no taxes. The invention of gunpowder is aferibed to the Affamefe. It was known in China and Hindooftan in very remote antiquity j and in the code of Gentoo laws, there is a prohibition of the ufe of fire-arms j but, perhaps, thefe fire- arms were only fome fort of miflive torches, and the powder very (hort in it’s effeft of that which is made in later times. Affam lies between 91 and 96 degrees of E. Ion. and between 25 and 28 N. lat. Assancale, a ftrong town of Arme- nia, with walls built,, in a fpiral line, all round the rock on which it (lands, and ftrengthened with fquare towers. The ditches are about 2 fathoms over, cut out of the hard rock. It is fituated on or near the river Ares, 22 miles E. of Erzerum. Affelby , Yorkf. E. Riding, NW. of Howden. AJfenby, Yorkf. near Thirlk. Assens, a diftritt and fea-port of Fu- nen ifland, fituated on the W. coaft, on the Little Belt. AJfenton , Upper and Nether , Oxf. two hamlets near Henley. AJfington , Suff. 3 miles NW. of Nayland. AJfington , Suff. 3 miles NW. of Steyning. Assjsio. See Asitio. As sos, a fea-port of Natolia, on a bay of the fame name. Lat. 39. 32. N. Ion. 26. 36. E. Assumption, a populous city, the ca- pital of Paraguay, fituated in a fertile country, on the river Paraguay. The air is wholefome and temperate, and the treet are always green. Lat. 26. o. $. Ion. 57, 40. W. Assynt, a diftrift in Sutherland, Scot- land, mountainous, rugged, and fteril, but containing plenty of lime-ftone and marble. Assyria, a country in Afia, celebrat- ed in ancient hiftory. It was one of the earlieft empires, and contained the pro- vinces now called Diarbek, Curdiftan, and Irak } and involved, under it’s dominion, when, at it’« greateft extent, many other provinces and kingdoms. Astrabat, a handfome town of Ar* menia, 3 miles diftant from the river Aras, and 12 S. of Nakfivan, This is the only country that produces ronas, a root which dyes a beautiful red. Lat. 38. 28. N. Ion, 45. 30. E. Alfo a town of Segeftan, Perfia, AJlatton, Nott. near Bingham. Afiatt • ton, Shropf, near Purflow. JJlburyy Chcfli, E 3 2 utile* AST t miles from Congleton. Afterby, Line. 3 miles E. of Ranhy. Afterbey, Shropf. 4 miles SW. from Weftbury. Aftery , a river ir. Suffex. A f thorp, Line, a miles S. of Scampton. Asti, a city of Montrerrat, in Italy, * 4 - miles E. of Turin. The diftrift to which it gives name is 25 miles long and 10 broad. AJlleham, Midd. between Staines and 5 ' n bury. AJUey , Warw. near Milverton. Aflley, Lane, between Leigh and Mar.chef- ter. Lane. near Liverpool. AJUey , Shropf. near Hadr.al . AJUey, Shropf. 3 miles from Bridgenorth. Ajlol, Oxr. be- tween Burford and YVhitney. AJlolly , Oxf. 3 miles from Whitney. AJlon , Berks, near Moulesford. AJlon upon Carr on, Glouc. near P ewkefbury. AJlon, Oxf. near Bramp- ton. AJlon , Staff, near Birmingham. Af- tou, or Afjerton , Wilts, on the Downs, near L. and W. Everley. AJlon , Bucks, in the parifli of Ivingo. AJlon , Chefhire, near Buuworth. AJlon , Derbyf. in the High Peak. AJlon, Derb. near the Trent, to- wards Caftle-Dunnington. Aflon , Derb. near Middleton Park.' AJlon, Hei ts, near the river Beane. AJlon, Hereford f. near Wigmore. AJlon, Heref. between Luckton and Leominfter. AJlon , Wilts, near Ber- wick. AJlon, Wiltfhire, near Berwick St. John’s, on the S. fide of the county. AJlon, Shropfhire, near Shefnal. AJlon, Slirop- ihite, a little E. of Brampton. AJlon, Shropf. near Ofweftry. AJlon , Shropf. a little NW. of Bifhop’s Caftle. AJlon, Shropf.. near Newport. Afon, Staff, near Birmingham. AJlon , Hants, near Kingf- wood in the Ifle of Wight. AJlon, Yorkf. 4- miles S. of Rotherham. AJlon Abbots, Bucks, near Aylefbury. AJlon, Worcef. riear Campden. AJlon -Blank, or Cold AJ 1 ton, Giouc* ,6 miles .from Stow, 2- from Gioucefter, AJlon, or Cold- AJlon, Giouc. S miles from Bail,, and 34 from Gloucefter. AJlon Botterel, Shropf. E. of Brown- Clee- hiil. AJlcnby, Cumb. between Carl i fie and Lang ton. AJlon- Cant love, Waiw, on the borders of Stafford fhire. AJlon - Chapel, S-tafF. between Penkeridge and Tong-Caflle. AJlon- Church, Shropf. near Newport. - AJlon Clinton , Bucks, near Wendover. Ajlon Cold , Bucks, near Aylef- bury. Afcn-Cold , Derb. near Searfdale. AJlon Eyre, Shropf. NE. of Tenbury. Af- ton Flamville, Leic. near Sapcote. A Hon- ing ham, Herefordf. near Newent. AJlon Magna , \V < -c. 6 miles from Perfhore. AJlon Middle , Oxford f. 3 miles S. of Char- wcJI. AJlon North, Oxf. on the W. fide of the Charwell, eppofite to Somerton. Afto'n ■ Narva, Staff, near Wallah . Ajlon- AST Parva, near Stafford. AJlon-Pigot, Shropf near Chirbury. Afon Roveen, Oxf. nea Adwel and Crowe! , Ajlon-Rogers, Sjhrapf near Chirbury. AJlon- Somerville, Giouc near Campdeo, 4 miles from Evefham AJlon Steeple, Oxf. near Steeple Bartol and Hey ford. AJlon- Steeple, Wilts, in th road from Salifbury to Bath. Ajlon-Su bege, Giouc. in the Vale of Ever fholm 2 miles from Campden. AJlon Tyrret Berk fh ire, near Abingdon. Ajlon, Wefi Wilts, near Worwelldown. Ajlon Wheat en, Staff, between Lapley and Wate Eaton. Ajlon under hill, Gloucefterfhire 5 miles from Evefham. Astorga, a fmal 1 city of Leon, plea fantly fituated in a plam, on the little ri ver X uera, 28 miles W. of the city 0 x.eon. It is ftrong both by nature and art and is called the City of Priejls, from it’ cathedral being filled wi^h ecclefiaftics. Astraead, a trading town of Perfia capital of adiftrift, to which it gives name It is fituated at the month of a river, a the SE. end of the Cafpian Sea, 20 mile NE. of Ifpahan. Lat. 36. 40. N. Jon. 72 10. E. Astracan, a territory in Afiatic Rufi fia, including the N. and part of the W fide of the Cafpian Sea, was formerly • kingdom, but it is now divided into th governments of Caucafus and Saratof. | Astracan, a large and populous city p feated on an ifland formed by the rive Wolga, 50 miles NW. of the Cafpian Sea It is furfounded by ftrong walls, and ha an excellent harbour, where the European \ enibaik for Perfia. It is noted for having :i exceUent fill}. It feldcm rains here, bu the river, on which it ftands overflow^ j like the Nile; and when the water is ruf ! off, the grafs grows in lefs than a month From i^ifracan to Terki, on the fide q : the Cafpian Sea, there are long marfhes ' which prod uce a vail quantity of fait, wit! which the Ruffians -carry on a great trade} Phis city is fuppofed to have been, ii very early limes, the general ftaple for th produ&ions of Perfia, India, and Arabia | In the f4th century, when the Venetian! were in poffcffion of the trade of the BlacJ Sea, they drew front this port, to theiif ftaple at Tanais, the Afiatic productions with which they fupplied the foutherr parts ol Europe, while the articles defign- ed for the north, were conveyed partly! along the Wolga, and partly by land-car- 1 iage, to Ladoga, on the VolkhoUc, whenal they were tranfported to Wilby, on the Ifle of Gothland. The deftruCtive expedition* of Tame/ lane drove, for fome time, the trade of Afia from this channel to that ol Smyrna A T H Smyrna and Aleppo; and the difcovery of the paflage to India by the Cape of Good Hope, gave, to a great part of it, quite a different route. Aftracan is ftiil reforted to by many nations, and it’s trade with India, Perfia, See. is yet confiderable. It lies Soo miles SE. o' Mofcovr. Lat. 46. 12. N. Ion. 47. 40 E. Aft r op- IV ells- Norihamp. near Banbu’ry, in Oxford!, mucii remrted to on account of tlie virtues of their waters. Asturias, a province of Spain, 120 miles in length,and from 20 1045 in breadth; bounded on the W. by Galicia, on the N. by the ocean, on the E. and SE. by Bif- cay and Leon, and on the S. by’Old Cab tile and L^on. It is divided into two parts, Aftu 13 d’Oviedo, and Afturia de Santilluna, and is mountainous and woody. It’s wmes, horfes, and fruits are excellent, and it has mines of gold, lapis-lazuli, and vermilion. The eldeff fon of the king of Spain takes the title of Prince of Afturias, and b ars the arms of the country. Aft-wick , York!’. 5 miles NW. of Settle. Aftwick, Herts, near Buntingford. Aft- 'wick, Bedf. near Bigglefwade. Aftwick , Bucks, near Newport. Afwardby , Li,nc. 5 miles NW. from Spilby. Afwardby , Line, among the Fens. At ac am a, an inland town of Peru, on the borders of Chili, about 45 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Lat. 20. 45. S. 69. 40. V/. There ie alfo a great defert of this name, and a chain of mountains, which fe- parates Peru froth Quito. Atalaya, a town of Portuguefe Ef- tremadura; containing about 200 inhabit- ants. It is fituated on an eminence, 5 miles S. of Tomar, and 5 from the Tajo. Atayada, a river of Old Caftile, which falls into the Douro. Atchatn , 3 miles SE. of Shrewfbury. Aten a, a town of Principato Citra, fituated on the river Negro. Afford , Wilts, near Chippenham. At- forton , Heref. near Wigmoie. Ath, or Aeth, a fmall, but ftrong and populous town of Hainault, yielded to France by the -treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1668, and then pretty regularly forti- fied by Vauban ; it was reftored, however, to the Spaniards, by the treaty of Nime- guen, in 1678. The French, under Mi- rechal Catinat, took it in 1697, but re- ftored it the fame year, by the pea'-.- of Ryfwick. The allies, under Field-mar* fhal d’Averque, took it 061 . 1, 1706; and Aeth remained in the pofleffion of the Dutch till the year 1716, when it was given up to the emperor, with the reft of ATH the Spanifti Netherlands. It Is fituated on the Deader, 9 miles NW. of Mons. XtHBOY, a town of Meath, in Lf'in- fter, 3 hults SW. of Trim, and 2S NW. of Dublin. Atbelarton , Staff, near Penkr idge. AtbeU hamfton , Dorletf. E. of Puddleton , n. u the river Frome. Atbclney , or Ath dingey, Somerfetf. a river ifland, confiding of a riling fpot of ground, formed by a con- jun6fion of the Thone with the Parre’t, a few miles below Taunton. Here Alfred refided when the Danes overran England ; as the floods of the rivers anciently made this place inacceffible, and the firm ground then was not above 2 acres. # Athenry, a tow» of Galway, in Connaught, 10 miles E. of Galway, and 91 W. of Dublin. It was formerly a place of confiderable ftrength and note, there being numerous ruins hereabouts, of churches and cathedrals, walls and towers. Athens, a city of ancient and modern Greece, formerly capital of A'. ties, and celebrated for it’s learning and art; it having been the principal academy of the Roman empire. It is now called Se tines, or, according to Dr. Chandler, Athini , and contains about 15.000 inhabitants, who are moftly of the Greek church, and fpeak a corrupt fort of Greek. It was taken by Mahomet II. in 1455, and is ftill under the dominion of the Turks ; but there are many magnificent ruins, (parti- cularly the parthenon, or great temple of Minerva, in the acropolis, or citadel ; and the temple of Jupiter Olympus,) which fufficientiy teftify it’s former grandeur. In it’s prefent ftate, Athens is a city or fortrds, with a thick, irregular wall, (land- ing on the brink of precipices, and iuclof- ing a large area, about twice as long as broad. Some portions of the ancient wall may ftill be difeovered on the outline. The gareifon confifts of a few Turks, who rellde there with their families, and are called by the Greeks Caftriana. The rock of the acropolis is lolty, abrupt, and inacceflible, except the front, which is to- ward the Piraeus. Athens is the capital of Livadia, and fituated in the Gulf of Engia, 100 miles N£. of Lacedaemon, and 320 SW. of Conitaniinople. Lat. 38. 5, N. Ion. 23. 57. E. Atherdee, a town of Louth, in Lein- fter, 34 miles NW. of Dublin. Atherington, Devonf. neaf North Taw- ton. Atberley , or Adderley, Shropf. near Newport. Atherstone, a town of Warwick- Ihire, containing about. 2500 inhabitants, chiefly employed in the manufactures of E 4 hats. A T H hats, ribbons, fhalloons, &c. It is fitu- ated on, or near, the river Anker, 13 miles N. of Coventry, and 103 NW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Atherston on TKE-STOUR,.atown of Warwickshire, fitusted on the Stour, a little ^bove it’s junction with the river Avon, and 3 miles from Stratford. Mar- ket on Tuefday, and a cheefe fair on Sept. 5 9, -reckoned the largeft in England. Atherton , Lane, near W. Derby. Ather- ton , Ifleof Wight, in E. Medina. At hill. cr Adi?* Yorkf* W. Riding, near the Air. Athleague , in iCofcommon , Connaug hr. * Athlon e, a town of I. -land, piea- fantly fnuated on the large and beamitul river Shannon. Part of the town Hands in Weltmeath, on the Leinfler fide of the river; the ether part in Rolcommon, on the Connaught fide j tbefe are joined by a long bridge of many arches, which is a grand pats between the two provinces. Though Athlone is fo advantageoufiv fi- tuaied for trade and improvement* it yet remrdns, in many parts, a poor, ruinous, tdirty-iooking place. On the bridge are fome badly- executed figures and inferip- tions, celebrating the futcefs of Elizabeth cf England, and relating how the rebels in her reign were executed, quartered, and their feuils, &c. ftuck upon poles about the country, and at Dublin C’aftle, and every thing ‘ with a blefling*’ &c. brought into a ftateof the greateil profperity. How much of allegiance they owed her may be judged, when it is confidered that it was a law in her reign, that if any one killed ‘a mere Irifhman,’ he fhould be mulcted, or fined j and what were the fruits of fuch opprel- five laws, we find in the reigns of the un- happy Smarts*. It is 59 miles W. cf Dublin. Lat. 53. 22. N. Ion. 8.41. W. Athol, a mountainous'diftri&ot Perth- fhire, forming the northern part of the county, and containing fome fine lakes. The chief town is Blair Athol. Athos, cr Monte Santo, a remark- able mountain of Greece, on a peninfula in the mouth of the Gulf of Contefia. It has a number of churches, monafteries, hermitages, &c. on it’s towering afeent, and is inhabited chiefly by Greek monks, who cultivate the olive and vineyards, and are carpenters, mafons, See. leadings very auflere life, and living many of them to a great age. It is fo lofty, that it is faid to call it’s fhadow as far 3s Stalimene, up- wards of 4-0 miles. It is 70 miles E. of Salonichi. Lat. 40. 30. N. Ion. 26. 20. E. # Athy, a neat, little town of Kildare, in Leinfler, fituated on the river Barrow, through which the boats pafs by Carlow, ATT to and from Waterford river. It is 10 miles S. of Kildare, and 32 SW. of Dub- lin, from which city the grand car.al, by one of it’s branches extends, and packets, or psfluge-boats, pafs be - ween them daily through the whole extent both ways. Atlantic Ocean, an immenfe- fea, | bounded on the E. by Europe and Africa, I and on t‘ . W. by America. Atlas, Ore at,,. oil- 1 by the natives ! AyduAcal ; and Atlas. Little, call- ' ed ERRJFF ; a chain of high mountains, in I At-ica, 1 he former extending fio/i tht”De- I fel t of Bare-- to the wedeni c .d of Mo- rocco ; and the'Lst’er, fiom the S.raits of Gioiaitar to Bena, in the country of Al- giers. They arc inhabited aim ;ft in every part, and are not of the height and magni- tude aferibed to them by i'.ie ancients.' From theie the Atlantic Ocean takes it’s , name ; and from the fiction of Atlas car- ( rying the world on his back, the name ( Atlas, applied to a book of maps of diffe- f rent parts of the world, is derived. Atlcnjj, Derby (hire, near Arnhem. Atoqi, one of the Sandwich Iflands, about 10 leagues in lengdi, from E. to 1 W. and fuppofed to contain 50,000 inha- bitants. There is a good road and an- choring place on the SW. fide. Lat. 21. ! 57. N. Ion. 160. W. Atre, a river in Cornwall, running into the Tamer, near the hill of Brom welly. ; | Atri, a town of Abruzxo Ultra. • j A trim, Dorfetf. nea'- Bi idpoi t. At teuton, , Notringh. 2 miles NW. of Barton. At- ; terclifj'e , Ycrkf. near Sheffield Atterton , ; Leic. between Witheriey and Upton. At - ; tingten , near Worcefter. Attleborough, a town in Norfolk, ( anciently a city, the metropolis of the ! county, having a palace ar.d a collegiate f church. It is flill a confitlerable place, and (lands, in the road from Thetford to Norwich, about 12 miles from each, and • 93 from London. A good market o-nce a fortnight, befides a. weekly market on Thurfday. Attleborough-. Warw. between Ardbury and Horefton. Attic 1 ridge, Norf. a little S. of Alderford. Alton, Shropf. a little NE* of WoKton. Attock, a river of Afia, which rifes in the Tartarian mountains, N. of Hin- dooftan, ar.d pa fling by Cabul, flows into the Indus at the city of Attock. Attock, a city of Ilindocftan Proper, capital cf a province of the. fame name. It is fituated at the conflux of the Attock - and the Indus, here called the Niiab, 140 miles NW. of Lahore, and 158 N. of Mcultan. Lat. 32. 27. N.'lon. 70. 36. E. A U B At-zvick, Yorkf. E. Riding, near the coaft, N. of Hornfey. Atwood, near Worcefter. Ava, or Menaukiou, a large river of Afia, which riles in Thibet, erodes the kingdoms of B'irmah and Pegu, and falls into the Bay of Bengal, by leveral mouths, about lat. 16. N. Ava, a large city in India, the capital of Burin ah. It is feated on the river Ava. The ftreets are very ftraiglit. and the houles are built with teek plonks and bamboos. It is 510 miles E. ol Calcutta, and 276 ENE. of Aracan. Lrt. 11. o.N. Ion. 96. 30. E. Ava, or Bur mah. a territory on the E. fide of the Gull of. Bengal, bwir.dtd on the N. by Thibet; or. «he VV. by Bengal ar.d Aracan ; and on the S. and E. b;, Pe- gu. The air is ; ealthy, the climate tem- perate, and the toil rich. 1 abounds with mines cf filver, copper, and lead, and the elephants and hoiks are numerous. The articles of commerce are, aloes, mulk, benzoin, fpiee.s, varnifh, canes, turquoifes, emeralds, ruhies, dec. Ava, or Ama, a kingdom and city of Japan, irr the ifland of Xic'oco, or Sicock, between thofeot Niphon and Bongo. Alfo a kingdom in Japan, in the penini’ula of Niphon. Avallon, an arcierttown in the dept, of Y onno . It cariies cn a confiderable trade in grain, wines, and cattle, and has a maouf-»£ture of cloth. It is fituattd on the river Coufin, in a country furrounded by hills, covered with fine vineyards, 20 miles SSE. of Auxerre, and 50 SS W. of Troyes. Aube, a department of France, fo call- ed from a conn.iera hie river which rifes in the dept, of Upper Msrne, and patting by the towns of Ferte. Bar, Arcis, &c. falls into the Seine near Nogent. It is com- pofed cf a part of Champagne, and has the dept, of Marne on the N. and thofe of Yonne and the Cote d’Or on the S. Aubenas, a town in the dept, of Ar- deche. It has a manufacture of cloths of Spanifn wool ar.d of red cotton, in imita- tion of Indian handkerchiefs. BeTides com and wine, it’s diftrift produces truffles, oranges, figs, olives, chefnuts, walnuts, and mulberry trees. They wind filk here by a machine, invented by Vaucanfon, which confifts of 3 wheels, turned by a canal brought from the Ardeche: thefe wheels move 36 looms, each confiding of 6 double rows of fpindles in the length of 15 feet. Aubenas is feared on the river Ardeche, at the foot of the Cevennes, nearly i miles from the mineral waters of Vaiz, and it NW. of Viviers. a u D Aubigny, a town in the dept, of Cher, feated in a fine plain, on the river Nerre, 24 miles N. of Bourges; alio a town in the difir uT of St. Pol, in the dept, of the Straits of Cal.is. Aubin, St. a bay, and well built town, or lea-port, of the iflnnd of Jerky, 3 miles from St. Hiliary. The market here is fo thronged with merchants, that it ha', rather the appearance of an exchange. /Tic har- bour, which has a pit r that runs out into the fea, is defended by a fort. Mark, on Mon. Aubin du Cormier, a town in the dept, of Die and Viiaipe, 10 miles E. of Rc..nas. Aubonne, a bnndfome town of Vaux. in the canton of Berne, fituated in a dii- tri£l or bailiage. and on a river of the lame name. 10 miles W of Laufanne. Aubrey, 01 Arnhrofe . St. Netting, near HurtT- . Auburn , Line, near Boothby. Auburn, a town of Wiltfhire, with a confiderable manufacture of. lullian. It is fituated near Ramfbu Devbnf. NW. of Honiton. Aulefvjortb, Gloucefierf. between Little Bmington and the river Leek. Aulfrick 7 Wore, on the borders of Heref. Aulps, or Aups, a town in the dept, of Var. Aulfion , Staffordf. N. of Church-Eaton. Aulfion, Warwickf. near Loxley. Aulfton, and Auxley, Wore, near Perlhore. Aumale. See Albemarle. Aumer, Norf. 6 miles E. of Cattle Rif- ing, in the road from Walfingham. Aune , a river of Devonf. running into the Englifii Channel E. of Plymouth. Aunis,' lately a fmall territory of France, in Poi&ou, having Santonge on the E. and S. and comprehending the ifles of Rhe and Oleron ; and now forms part of the department of Lower Charente. It’s fait is reckoned the beft: in France. Aunjbury, Gloucef. near the New Ferry over the Severn. Aunjby, Line. 10 miles from Grantham, in the road to Bofton. AunJley, or Anjly, Nott. Aunjlop, Bucks, S. of Stoke Gelding. Avon, Hants, N. of Chriftchurcb. Avon, rivers of Gla- morganf. Monmouthf. and Merioneth f. Avon, a river which rifes in Wilt- shire, pattes by Salisbury, coafts the edge of the New Foreft, and enters the Englilh Channel a little below Chriftchurcb, in Hampshire. Avon, a river that rifes in Leicefterf. and running SW. by Warwick and Eve- Sham, falls into the Severn atTewkefbury. Avon, Lower, or West Avon, a river that rifes near Tcdbury, in GlouceS. ^and running W. to Claverton, about 4 miles from Bath* is joined near it by the 'i Fromej A U S Frome; the augmented dream then be- comes navigable, and pafling by the cities of Bath and Briftol, falls into the Severn at Kingroad. Aurach, a town of Wirtemburg, in Suabia, feated at the foot of a mountain, on the rivulet Ermd, 15 miles E. of Tu- bingen. Avranches, a city in the dept, of the Channel, very ancient, and called the Bou- levard of France , before Bretagne was united to the crown. The Bretons, how- ever, took it and deftroyed it’s fortifica- tions in 1203, but they were rebuilt in the reign of Sr. Louis. It is feated on a mountain, at the foot of which flows the river See, one mile and a half from the Englifh Channel, and 30 E. of St. Malo. Lat. 48. 41. N. Ion. 1. 38. W. Auray, a fea-port, on a river of the fame name, in the dept, of Morbihan, 8 miles W. of Vannes. Aurick, a town of E. Friefland, 12 miles NE. of Embden. AuRiLLAd, a populous, trading town, in the dept, of Cantal, with a manufa&o- ry of lace and velvet. Before the revolu- tion it was the capital of Lower Auvergne. It is feated on the river JorJanne, 30 miles SW. of St. Flour, and 250 S. of Paris. Lat. 44. 55. N. Ion. 2. 22. E. Aurora Island, one of the New He- brides, in the South Sea, about 20 leagues in circumference, with a fmall bay on the NW. coaft. Here is plenty of wood and frefh water. Lat. 15. 8. S. Ion. 168. 12.E. Aurungabad, one of the larged and mod populous cities of India, in the Dec- can, capital of a country of the fame name. It Nivas enlarged, and partly rebuilt, by Aurungzebe, who made it his place of re- sidence. It is 545 miles S. of Delhi, and 260 NE.pf Bombay. Lat. 19.45. N. Ion. 76. 2. E. Aufeley, Warw. nearMereden. Aufrie t Wore, on the borders of Herefordf. Aujl , Glouc. by the fide of the Severn, 10 miles above Briflol ; a dirty village among the marfhes, only frequented for it’s ferry over the Severn to Bleachley. Camden re- marks, that King Edward the Elder pair- ed over from this place, to hold a confe- rence with Llewellyn, a prince of Wales. See New Pajfage . Austel, St. a town of Cornwall, a little NE. of Gtampound, 6 miles from Fowey, and 239 from London. Market on Friday. Aujlerfield , Yorkf. near Sheffield. Auf- tcrley , Yorkf. near Bawtry. Aujlerton , Cbefh. near Namptwich. Aujlhorp i Line, in the Fens, near Howel. Aujlhorp , Line, A U X near Burwell, and 4 or 5 miles NE. of Sleaford. Aujlhorp , Rutland, between Burley and Cottel'more. Auflon-Kirk> Yorkf. W. Riding, near Todwick. Auf- trey Warw. 2 miles from Bramcote. Austria, one of the circles of the German empire, bounded on the W. by Swiflerland ; on the N. by Suabia, Bava- ria, Bohemia, and Moravia; on the E. by Hungary; and on the S. by Italy and Croatia. It contains the archduchy of Auflria ; the duchies of Stiria, Carinthia, and Carniola; the county of Tyroh; the bifhoprics of Brixen and Trent ; the four Foreft Towns; Auftrian Suabia; and the Biifgaw. Austria, an archducy, in the circle of the fame name. The river Ens divides it into the Upper and Lower: Vienna is the capital of the Lower, and Lintz of the Upper. Auflria excels all the provinces of Germany, in the fertility of it’s foil, the richnefs of it’s paftures, and the whole- fomenefs of the air. Corn, wine, and fruits are very plentiful; and the faffron better than that of the E. Indies. Aujlwick , Yorklhire, near Clapham. Autun, anciently Augustodunum, a city in the dept, of Saone and Loire, fi- tuated near the river Arroux, at the foot of three mountains. It contains, befides the cathedral, 8 parifh churches ; and, be- fore the revolution, had feveral religious houfes. Here are alfo a great number of Roman antiquities, particularly, the tem- ples of Janus and Cybele. They hav« manufactories of tapeftry, from cow’s hair and thread, carpets, coverlets, and delft ware. It is 45 miles E. by S. of Nevers, and 162 SE. of Paris. Lat. 46. 57. N. Ion. 4. 23. E. Auvergne, a ci-devant province of France, having Forez on the E. and Bour- bonnois on the N. ; it was ufually divided into Upper and Lower, which latter was alfo called Limagne. Upper Auvergne is a cold, mountainous diftriCl; Lower Au- vergne is temperate and fertile. It now forms the two departments of Cantal and Puy de Dome. Auxerre, a city in the dept, of Yonne, formerly governed by it’s own counts, and capital of a diftrid, called ths Auxenois, in the N. part of Burgundy. The inhabitants are computed at 16,000. It contains 12 parifh churches, 2 hofpi- tals, feveral fountains and fquares, and is feated on the declivity of a hill, at the foot of which flows the Yonne, 25 miles S. of Sens. Lat. 47. 48. N. Ion. 3. 39. E. Auxley , Worcefterfliire, near Perfhore. Auxonne, a fmall town in the dept. ef AXE ofCSted’Or; feated on the Saone, over which there is a bridge of 23 arches, to facilitate the running off of the waters, after the overflowing of the river; and, at the end of the bridge, a caufeway 2250 paces long. It is 17 miles E. of Dijon* Awatska Bay, a harbour on the eaftern coaft of Kanitfchatka ; faid to be the fafeft and moll extenlive that has been yet dil'coveied : it is the only one in that part of the world that can admit veflels of a large burthen. The entrance to it is in iat. 52. 51. N. Ion. 158. 48. E. Awcliff , near Lancafter. Awe, Loch, a beautiful lake in Ar- gylelhire, about 30 miles long, and in lome parts 2 broad, containing many fine little iflands, tufted with trees. Anvfold, Surry, 7 miles E. of Hafle- mere. Awlan, or Aalen, an imperial town of Suabia, on the river Kocher, 40 miles NW. of Augfburg. Anvlby, or Auldby, 7 miles from York, on the river Derwent. A~wfe, Glouc. on the W. fide of the Severn, between New- enliam and Gatcomb, 3 miles from each* Awrisb, a river of Durham, running into the Tees at Eggleton. Awtkorp, Line, in the Ifle of Axholm, and near the Trent* Axy a river riling in Dorletf. and falling into the fea at Axmouth, in Devonf. AxbriDge, a neat, little town in So- merfetf. confiding of one principal ftreet, which is long but narrow. It contains near 200 houies, and about 1000 inhabit- ants, many of whom are employed in knit- ting dockings. It is feated on the river Axe, about 7 miles from it’s mouth, 10 miles NW. of Wells, and 132 W. of London. Market on Thurfday. Axe, a river in Somerf. falling into the Severn below Uphill. Axe , Dorletf. in the parifh of Broad Windfor. Axey, Line, the chief town in the Ifle of Axholme. Axford , Wilts, 3 miles W. of Ramfbury. Axholme , Line, a river ifland in the NW. part of the county, formed by the Trent, Idle, Dun, and other rivers that encom- pafs it. It is about 10 miles long, 4 broad, and 20 in compafs, and has 3 vil- lages, Crowle, Epworth, and Hyrft on it. Axel, a town in Dutch Flanders, in a morals, 10 miles N. of Ghent. Ax em, or Axim, a tenitory on the Gold Coad, containing 2 or 3 villages on the fea-fhore. The inhabitants, who are generally rich, fell gold to the Englifh and Dutch : they likewife exchange vaft quantities of fifli and rice, to other places on the coaft, for Indian corn, yams, pota- toes, and palm oil. The Dutch have a A Y O fort and faCtory here, called St. Anthony* Lat. 5. 4. N. Ion. 4. 7. W. * Axminster, a confiderable town of Devonf. with a manufactory of broad and narrow cloths, cotton tapes, druggets, and an extenlive one of carpets, wrought with needles by women. Here is a minder yet Handing, ereCtod by King Athelftan ; and the monuments yet remain in the church* of lome who were killed in his army and buried here, when he defeated the Danes in a neighbouring field, called to this day King's Field. It is feated on the river Axe, 26 miles E. by N. of Exeter, and 147 W. of London. Market on Satur- day. Axmouthy Devonf. on the coaft between Lyme and Sidmouth. Axknoll , Dorfetf. 2 miles NE. of Beminfter. Axum, a village, once a very large city, of Abyftinia, as appears from it’s extenlive ruins. In one l’quare, Mr. Bruce found 40 obelilks with fculptures, but no hiero- glyphics. Lat. 14. 13. N. Ion. 36. 4. E* Axtuell, Durham, 2 miles W. of Ra- venfworth Caftle. Ayamonte, a well-fortified fea-port of Andalufia, at the mouth of the river Guadiana, 80 miles NW. of Cadiz. Lat* 37. 12. N. Ion. 7. 15. W. Aydon, orHAYDON Bridge, atown of Northumb. 5 miles W. of Hexham* Market on Tuefday. Aydon Caftle, Northumb. 10 miles W. of Newcaftle. Ayford, Glouc. a little E. of Taunton. Ayiburton , Gloucef. on the Severn, oppofite Berkeley. Aylejborough , Wore, on a hill, 1 mile from Perlhore. * Aylesbury. See Ailesbury. Aylesford, Kent, on the Medway, 4 miles N. of Maidftone, and 6 S. of Ro- chefter. AyLESHAM. SeeALESHAM. Aylefton, Warw. in the parilh of Ather- fton, near the Avon. Aylmerton, Norf. near Fellbrigg. Aylmouth ; fee Alnemouth . Aylton , Herefordf. W. of Lydbury. AyK ton, Hunts, near Yaxley. Ayl It is divided into the Town and Fell’s Point, by a creek, over which there are z bridges. At Fell’s Point, the water is deep enough for fhips of burden ; but fmall veftelsonly go up to thetown. In 1787 the number of houfes was 1955; the numher of inhabitants is upwards of 12,000: their religious profeflions are various. Balti- more is 45 miles NE. of Annapolis. Lat. 39- 4-5* N. lull. 76, 25. W. Bal- BAM BAN Baltimore, a large county, in tbe Bampton, a large town in Oxfordf. weftern part of Maryland. trading largely in fellmongers wares, as Bamba, a fertile province of Congo, in leather jackets, gloves, breeches, and Africa, between the rivers Ambrifi and /lockings. It is feated on the Ifis, where Lofe. The 1'ea-coaif produces valt quan- it is navigable by boats, on the borders of tiries of fait, and ihey fi fh here for the Berk/hire. It is 5 miles from Burford, zitnbis, a little fea fnai), which is the cur- 12 W. of Oxford, and 70 W. by N. of rent coin, not only here, but in the moft London. A considerable market on Wed- diltant parts of Africa. neiday. * Baltinglass, a town of Wicklow, Leinlter, having extenfive manufactures of linen, woollen, and diaper. It is fnuated on the river Slaney, 29 miles S W. of Dublin. B amber, Yorkf. near Horncaitle. Bamberg, a large, populous, and hand- fome city or Franconia, formerly imperial, and now capital of a bifhoprick of the fame name, about 60 miles in length, and 40 in breadth, having the bifhoprick of Wurtzburg on the W. Th® country about it is very fertile in grain, faffron, liquorice, figs, lemons, and oranges, and is watered by the rivers Rednitz and Pe- gritz, which run through the town, and fall into the Maynea little below it. Here is an univerfiry. It is 35 miles N. of Nu- remburg. Lat. 50. 2. N. Ion. 11.7. E. Bamberg, a town of Bohemia, on the frontiers of Moravia, near the river Orlitz, 30 miles from Glatz. Lat. 49. 55. N. Ion. 16. 50. E. Bamborough, Novthamp. near Brackley. Bamborougb , Northumb. 5 miles fromBel- ford, and the fame diftance from Farn I /lands. Bambuck, a pretty farge, and popu- lous country, in the interior of Africa, (mentioned by Abbe Raynal, but without /pacifying his authorities,) under the 12th or 23th deg. of N. lat. governed by village lords, called Farinas. There are 6 gold mines in it, and others of filver, tin, lead, iron, and loadftone. Here are apes, whiter than the whiteft European rabbits, white foxes, and an animal-called the Girafa, as high, but not fo large, as the elephant j made mote like a camel, and of extraordinary fwiftnefs. Bamburgb , Line, near the Bane, NW. of Horncaltle. Bamburgb Ca///*,Northum. or rather the remains of it, fituated on a very deep rock, that is wafhed by the fea. It was in great repute during the Saxon heptarchy, and often fuftained the whofe power of the Scottifh nation j 14 miles SE. of Berwick. Bamf. See Banff. Hampton, a town of Devonfhire, feat- ed on a branch of the river Ex, in a bot- tom furrounded by hills, 21 miles fiom Exeter, and 163 W. by S, of London. Market on Saturday. Ban, a river of Down, Ulfter, which riles about S miles E. of Nevvry, and falls into Lough Neagh. Banada, in Sligo, Connaught *Banagker, a town of King’s Coun- ty, Lein/ter, feated on the Shannon, over which it ha< 2 bridges. It is about 15 miles S. of Athlone, and 66 from Dublin. Banagber Church , in Tyrone, Ulfter, 10 1 miles from Dublin. Banagroth t in King’s County, Leinfrer. Banbery , 4 miles from Norwich. *Bainbridge, a village of Down, Di- ffer, noted for it’s great fairs of linen cloth. It is about 18 miles W. of Down- Patrick, and 60 from Dublin. * Banbury, a town in Oxfordf, noted in Camden’s time for good cheefe, but now chiefly for cakes and ale. It has a manufa&ure of pi u fit , or /bag cloth, con- tains about 700 houfes, including 6 ham- lets belonging to it, and is feated on the C.herwell, in a fertile foil, 17 miles from Oxford, and 75 NW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Banc a, an i/land, in the Indian Archi- pelago, on the ESE. of Sumatra, bet ween that i/land and Borneo j with a town and flrait of the fame name. It is about a 00 miles long and 30 broad, populous,' rmd tolerably fertile. Lat. 2. 35. S. Ion. 106. 50. E. Bancalis, a fea-port of Acheen, on the E. coaft of Sumatra, 130 miles W. of Malacca. The Dutch have a /ettlement here. Lat. 1. 15. N. Ion. 100, 7. E. Bancock, or Fou, a town of Alia, ia Siam. The houfes are made of canes, and covered with palm leaves 5 but there is very little furniture in them, and the in- habitants, who go almoft naked, fit on the floor. It is fituated in an i/land, formed by the river Mcnan, 40 miles S. of Siam. Banda, the general name of 5 Iflands, in the Indian Ocean. 1 hty lie between 4 and 5 degrees of S. jar. and between 127 and 128 E. Ion. and are denominated Banda, or Lantor, Poleron, Rofinging, Poolaway, and Gonapi, The nutmeg, covered with mace, grows only on 3 of thefe iflands, where ther,e are whole forclts of it. rhele iflands are fubjeft to earth- quakes, and all vtfy /mail, the larcreif, F 3 Banda, B A N Band«, being fcarcely 20 miles in length. They have been entirely fubje£t to the Dutdh ever llnce the year 1609, when they expelled both the Englifh and the natives. They alfo keep uneealing war againft the birds, which, fwallowirig the feeds whole, they fear might void them, in other iflands, in a date capable of vegetation ; and they fend out parties of their troops thither, on excurfions, to difcover and extirpate every appearance of the young plants. The iflands contain about 5000 inhabitants. The natives ufe the pith of the fago for bread, and the Europeans, who are fettled here, import their provifions from Java, MacafTar, or the very fertile ifland of Bali, as the land will not bring forth any kind «f corn. Banda was taken by an Englifh fquadron, under Rear-admiral Rainier, March 8, 1796. Lat. 4. 50. S. Ion. 128. 5. E. Bander-Congo, a fmall fea-port on the SE. coaft of the Gulf of Perth, 70 miles nearly W. of Ormus. Lat. 27. 10. N. Ion. 54. o. E. * Ban don, a town of Cork, Munfter, feated on a river of the fame name, 12 miles SW. of Cork, and 137 from Dublin. Bandora, the capital of the Ifland cf Salfette, in the Indian Ocean, feparated from Bombay by a narrow channel. Lat, 39. o. N. Ion. 72. 40. E. Band Northamptonf. nearRothwe). Barford , near Warwick, on the Avon. Barford, near Bedford. Barford , Nor- folk, near Hingham. Barford , Wilt- fliire, nearSarum. Barford, Yorkfh. on the Tees, near Caldwell. Barford, St . Johns and St. Michael's, Oxford f. near i Clifton. Barford , Lancaf. near Eccles. Barford, Lane. W. of Ormfkirk. Bar - frejlon , Kent, near Bettilhanger. Bargb , Magna and Parva, Yorkf. near Picker- ing. Bargham , Suffolk. Bargholt , Suff. 5 miles SE. of Hadley. Bargholt , Eafi , Effex, near Colchefter. Barham , Hunt, between Leighton and Buckworth, Bar - : ham , Kent, near Canterbury. Barham , Suffolk, between Ipfwich and Needham. Bari, a populous, trading town of Na- ples, on the Gulf of Venice, the capital of Tei ra di Bari, a province which has the Capitanata on the W. the Balilicata on the S. and the fea on the N. and NE. Barjols, a town in the dept, ot Var, 27 miles N. of Toulon. Barkby and Barkbythorp', Leic. Bark - ham, Berks, near Ockingham. Bark ham, Sulfex, between Pevenfey Rape and Marfh. Barkhart , Kent, S. of St. Mary Cray. Barking, a town ot Effex, feated on a creek of the river Rothing, near the Thames, from which goods are brought up in veffels to its quay. It is 9 miles £. of London. Marker on Saturday. Barkings cum Dernfden, Suffolk, near Bradley and Needham. Barkley, Somerf. NE. ofFrome. Barkley, King's, Hants, in the New Foreft, near Mai wood- Cattle. : Barhnefton, Hampfli. near Redbiidge. Barkfton, Leic. near Granby. Barkfton , j Line, between Hougham and Fulbroek. ! Barkfton , Yorkf. N. of Sherborn. Barkf * i well, Warw. NW. of Coventry. Barkway, a populous town of Herts, j being a great thoroughfare, 3 miles horn : Royfton, BAR Royfton, 18 from Cambridge, and 35 from London, on the road to Lynn, in Norfolk. Market on Friday. Backworth, Herts, not far from Abbot’s Langley. Barkworth , E. and W. Line, near Randby. Barlajton, Staff. N. of Stene. Barlcwington , Suffex, between Burton andSulton. Bar thorough, Derby. Barleby, 15 miles S. of York, near the Oufe. Barlcfton, Leic. NE. of Bolworth. Barletta, a town of Bari, Naples, on the Adriatic. Barley , a fmall river of Devonf. Bar- ley , Herts, z miles from Barkway. Bar- ley-Grange , Nott. near the Trent, between Newark and Tuxford. Barley -FLoufe, De- vonf. near Exeter. Barlinch , Soinerf. near Dulverton, Barling , Eifex, near Roch- ford. Barlington, Devonfh. near Bidde- ford. Barlow , Derbyf. 4 miles NW. of Chefterfield. Barlow , Lane. 3 miles S. of Manchefter. Barlugh- Arches, Suffex, W. of Eaft Grinfted. Burly , Yorkf. W. of Howden. Barlythorp, Rutland, a hamlet ofOkeham. Barmborough , Yorkf. 4. miles W. of Doncafter. Barmby on-the- Moor, Nott. a hamlet of Blithe. Barmby-on - Dun , Yorkf. 6 miles N. of Doncafter. Barmby-Marjh, Yorkf. near Pocklington. Barmby in the Willows, Nott. a little E. of Newark. Barmebow, Yorkf. SW. of Aberforth. Barmer, Norfolk, near Bag- thorp. Barmefton , Yorkf. near the coait, between Fordlingham and Flamborough. Barmefton , Barrryfton, or Barnefton, Effex, near Dunmow. Barming , Kent, near Maidltone. Barmingham , Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, near Gatheriey-Moor. Bar moor, N01 thumb. E. of Wark Cattle, among the hills. Barnack , Northamp. on the river Welland. Barnacre, Warw. near Long Itchington. Barnacre, Lane, near Gar- ltang. Barnajby , Line, near Grimfby. Bamardifton , or Barondifton, Suffolk, 6 miles N. of Haverill. *BaRNard CASTLE,ahandfometown of Durham, containing about 3000 inha- bitants. It takes its name from a caftle, (a large ftrufluie, fituated on a rock, by the river, a great part of which is ftill ftanding) built here by Bernard Baliol, great grandfather of John Baiiol, king of Scotland. Here are fome manufaftures ' of bridles, reins, belts, ftockings, ferges, an*i camlets, which laft employs about 400 weavers. It is feated on the river Tees, 30 miles SW. of Durham, ,and 144 NN W. of London. A great market for corn, See. on Wcdnefday. Barnaveldt, two iflands to the S. of Terra del Fuego, in lat. 55. 49. S. and Ion. 66. 5 8. W. BAR BarnLie, Yorkfhire, near Pocklington. Barnby, Suffolk, 4 miles NE. of Beccles. Barncot, Devon!’. nearS. Moulton. Barn - dejley , Worcef. near Bromfgrove. Barne , Kent, on the coait near Hythe. Barn- Elms, Surry, near the Thames, between Putney and Barnes. It is fo called from its majeftic trees, the theme of many a paftoral poet, and confifts, or lately did, of two houfes or.ly. Jn the nift of thefe, an ancient rtjanfion, Jacob Tonfon, the bookleller, lived and died $ and here he occafionally accommodated ihe members of the Kit-Kat Club, coniiftingof all the ce- lebrated wits of the, time, in a gallery, which he built for the purpofe, Barne- field , Kent, between Horlemanden and the Twyft. Barnes , Surry, 5 miles from Kingfton, and 7 from London, is almoll encompaffed by the Thames. $arnejley , Dorletf. N. of Winborn-Minfter. Barnef- ley, Glouc. near Fairford, and 4 miles from Cirencefter. Barnes-Hall, near Wor- cefter. Barnes- Burton, Yorkfhire. *Barnet, High Barnet, or Chip- PING-Barnet, a thoroughfare town, fii nated on the top of a hill, partly iu M ddiefex and partly in Hertf’ordfhire. It is 11 miles N. by W. of London. A large market on Wcdnefday for hogs, cat- tle, See. Barnet , Eajl, is a village near it, once much frequented on account of a medicinal fpring. Barnet Friarn, joins E. Barnet. Barnetby , Lincoln!’, near Lymbergh and Beckby. Barnetton, Durh. near Lumley. Barney, Norf. near Walfingham. Barney , a river in Yorkfh. running into the Swale, near Bladen. Barnford, Lane, near Bol- ton. Bartihill, io miles from Chefter. Barnholm, Line, near Mai ket-Deeping. Barnham, Barnhill, Sulfex, 3 miles SW. of Arundel. Barnham-Brome, Norf. near Kimberly- Park. Barnham, George and Martyn, Suffolk* on the fide of Norfolk. Barningham - North wood, and Barnham - Winter , Norf. z villages W. of Thurgar- ton. Barningham , Norf. near Saxthorp. Barningham , Sulf. between Ixworth and Buddeldale. Barniton,T> urh. 3 miles NE. of Darlington. Barnley , Shropfh. near Bridgenorth. BarnoldJ'week, Yorkf. near Settle. Barnfdale, Yoikf. 5 or 6 miles from Pontefradh Barnjhall , Yorkf. near Doncafter. Barnjbaw, Ghefh. near N u th- wichi Barnhurft, Stafford!’, near Wolver- hampton. Barnfide, Lane. NE. of Colne. Barnjide , Weltm. on the river Ken, near Kendal. * Barnsley. Black, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, with manufac- ture# of linen, wir Hants, between Fareham and Portftnouth. Beamond End, NE. of St. Albans. Bea- mond Hill , Durh. a little N. of Darling- ton. Beamond-cum-Mofe, Eflex, nearCol- cheder. Beamond, Rutl. in Lyfiejd Fo- red. Beane, a river in Herts, running into the Lea, near Hoddefdon. Bear , Devonf. 4. miles from Plymouth. Bear, Devonf. a little S. of Bradninch. Bearagh, in Tyrone, Uider. Bearalston, or Boralston, an- B E A ciently Beeralveston, a fmall town of Devonfhire, fituated on the river Tave, to miles N. of Plymouth, 7 from Tavidock, and ziz from London. Mark, on Thurf. Beard Hall, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Bear Hall, Stafford!', near Cheadle, Bear Hcufe , Hants, 5 miles N. of Fareham. Bear Houfe , Yorkf. 4 miles N. of Hull. Bearle, Northumb. in the ward of Tyn- dale. Bearley , Herefordf. 3 miles NE. of Webley. Bearley, Warw. 4 miles N. of Stratford-upon-Avon. Bearn, a ci-devant province of France, at the foot of the Pyrenees, having Bi- gorre on the E. it is about 40 miles in length, and 30 in breadth ; the plains are fertile in padure, &c. and the hills are laden with fir trees or vines. It now forms, with Bafques, the depart, of the Lower Pyrenees. Bear Park, z miles NW. of Durham. Bearjlon, Shropf. near StafFordf. Bear- ton, Bucks, NE. of Ailefbury. Bear - nvick, Hants, NW. of Wincbeder. Beaucaire, a trading town, in the dept, of Gard, fituated on the right bank of the Rhone, oppofite Tarafcon, with which it communicates by a bridge of boats. It is 10 miles E. of Nifines. Beauce, a ci-devant prov. of France, lying between the Ifle of France, Blafois., Orleanois, Le Maine, and Normandy, and very fertile in wheat. It now forms the department of Eure and Loire. Beauchamp Qioy,, Effex, near Clare; in it’s neighbourhood are the 2 villages, Beau- champ, St. Peter and Walter. Beaucham' 's Court , Warw. -N. of Auiceder. Beau- chief, Derbyf. near Dronfield, Beauchin, Dort'etfhire, in the paiifli of Whitchurch. Beaudefert , Staff. 5 miles from Lichfield. Beaubesert, or Beldesert, a town of Warw icktb ire, N£, of Henley. Mar- ket on Monday. Beauford, or Fairford, Devonf. 3 miles SE. of Torrington. Beaufort, a town in the dept, of Maine and Loire, 15 miles E. of Angers. Beaufort, a town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, feated on the river Oron, 30 miles ENE. of Chamberry; alfo a town in the dept, of the Drome; a county, and a fe-a-port of N. Carolina ; and a town of S. Carolina. Beaufront, Northumb. on the Tyne. Beaujeu, a fmall town in the dept, of Rhone and Loire, formerly the capital of the Beaujolois. It is feated on the river Ardiere, 8 miles W. of the Saone, and 20 ENE. of Roanne. Beaulieu, Hants, 4 miles SW. of South- amp on. # Beaumaris, the county-town of An- gina, BEC glefea, has a bay before it, which affords good anchorage, and is a frequent refuge for Ihips in ftortny weather. It is 59 miles W. by N. of Chefter, and 257 NW. of London. Markets on Wedncf- dav and Saturday. Beaumont, a town in the dept, of the North, feated between the Maefe and Sam- bre, 10 miles SE. of Maubeuge ; alfo a town in the refpe£Vive departments of Cote d’Or, Calvados, Straits of Calais, the Channel, Puy de Dome, Nyevre, Marne, Dordogne, Adelines, Seine and Marne, Upper Garonne and Eure. Beaumont sur Oise, a town in the dept, of Seine and Oife, feated on the river Oife, 20 miles N. of Paris. Beaumont le Roger, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine, 22 miles SW. of Rouen. Beaumont le Vicomte, a town in the dept, of Sarte, 10 miles N. of Mans. Beaune, or Beaume, a town in the dept, of Cote d’Or, 25 miles nearly S. of Dijon ; alio a town in the dept, of Mayne and Loire, 9 miles E. of Angers; and a town in the dept, of the Loiret, 12 miles WNW. of Montargis. Beaufale , Warw. near Wedgenock Park. Beauvais, a city in the dept, of Oife, having, befides the cathedral, 6 collegiate and 3 parilh churches. Before the revo- lution, it was capital of the Beauvafis. It is feated on the river Thefin, 42 miles nearly N. of Paris. Beaiavale , Nott. near Greifley Caftle. Beauvoir sur Mer, a maritime town in the dept, of Vendee, 25 miles SW. cf Nantes ; alfo a town in the dept, of the Two Severs; and a town in the dept, of Ifere. Beanvbuft, Suffex, near Bramber. Beanv- ley , Hants, near Southampton. Beanvorth, Hants, 5 miles E. ofWinchefter. Bebelinguf.n, a town of Wirtem- burg, in Suabia, feated on a lake, from which the river Worm proceeds, 10 miles NW. of Stuigard. Bebington, Upper and Nether , Chefhire, near the middle faod of the river Merfey. Bec, Le, a town in the dept, of the Eure, 22 miles WSW. of Rouen. Bec, Crespin, a town in the dept, of the Lower Seine, 9 miles E. of Havre. Becca , Yorklhire, near Otley. # Beccles, a large, populous town, in Stiff Ik, feated on the river Waveney, which is navigable hither by barges from Yarmouth, 12 miles SW. of Yarmouth, and 108 NE. of London. Market on Saturday. Beckhan , or Bechan, a river of Mont- BED gomeryfhire, running into the Severn at Caftle Doleveren, or Dolforwyn. Becain, a town of Bohemia, capital of a circle of the fame name, feated on the ri- ver Lufchnitz, 50 miles S. of Prague. Bechiff, Derbyf. 4 miles NW. of Dron- field. Beck, Norf. near Sparham. Beck- bury , Shropf. W. of Snawdenpool. Beck - by , Line. W. of Lymbergh. Beckhenham , Kent, 2 miles on the NW. of Bromley, 10 fro 9a London. Beck'enfall , Lane, near Ecciefton. Beckermet , Cumb. near Brum- field. Bccket, Berks, near Farringdon. Becifield, Shropf. near C.hirbury. Beck- field. , Northumb. in Tyndale Ward. Beck- ford, Gloucef. near Dumbleton, 5 miles from Winchcomb. Beckham , Hants, E. of Fordingbfidge. Beckham , Eafi , Norf, S. of Cromer. Beckham, Weft , Norf. E. of Holt. Beckingham , Nott. near Gainf- borough. Beckingham, Line. N. of Gran- tham. Beckington , Somerf. 2 miles NE. of Frome Selwood. Beckley, Oxf. between Woodftock and Thame. Beckley, Suffex, £ miles NW. of Rye. Beckley , Shropf. near Purflow. Beckring Hall, Line, near E. and W. Barkworth. Beck' s Wire, Oxf. one of the locks in the Thames, 1 mile from Rad cot Bridge. Beckum, or Beckem, a town of Mun- fter, Weftphalia, fituated on or near the river Werfe, 17 miles SSE. of the city of Munfter. Becsangil, the ancient Bithynia, a province of Natolia, on the fea of Marmora and the Black Sea. It’s capital is Bui la. BeNi've Bridge , in Meath, Leinfter. *Bedal, a fmall town in Yorklhire, 6 miles from Northallerton, 8 from Rich- mond, and 220 from London. The Ro- man caufeway, leading from Richmond to Barnard’s Caftle, which, for 20 miles to- gether, is called Leeming Lane, paftes through this place. All the adjacent coun- try is full of jockies and horfe-dealers, here being l'ome of the beft hunting and road horfes in the world. Market on Tuefday. Be dal, a river of Yorkfhire, which runs into the Swale below Morton. Bedborn t N. and S’. Durh. near Darlington. Bed- borough , Wilts, N. of Bilhop’s Cannings. Bedcfter, Dorfetf. between Sturminfter and Shaftfbury. Beddenham, Norf. NW. of Bungay. Beddgelert, 10 miles from Caer- narvon, near the Snowdon mountains. Beddington, Surry, between Carfhalton and Croydon. Beden, or Beding , a village in Suffex, 13 miles from Lewes, near a river of it’s own name, which runs into the lea at New Shoreham, and abounds with ex- cellent mullets, pikes, eels, See. Beder, BED Beder, a city of the Deccan of Hin- dooifan, in the Soubah of Dowlatabad, large, well built, and ftrongly fortified. It is celebrated for a great number of magni- ficent pagodas, and is about 70 miles. NW. of Hydrabad. Lat. 17. o. N. Ion. 78. o. E. Bedejlo-N ■ Shropshire, near Wellington. Bedt've, Cornw. NW. of Eglolhale. Bed- field, Stiff. W. of Framlingham. Bed- fiont , E. and W. Midd. between Hounflow and Staines. *Bedfo.rd, the counfy town of Bed- fordfiiire, feared on the Oufe, which di- vides it into two parts, united by a bridge, with a g3te at each end. It contains 5 churches, 3 on the N. and 2 on the S. fide of the river j which latter part, called Mikefgate , was united to the former by Edward the Eider, ever fince which time they have both gone by the name of Bed- ford, The great King Offa chofe to have his bones interred here, in a fmall chapel by the river, which, however, happening to overflow, carried them quite away. By the Oufe, which is made navigable, it is rendered a place of conliderable trade; the foil about it being fertile in wheat, bar- ley, &c. which they lend to Lynn. It is zj miles E. by N. of Buckingham, and 50 N. by W. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Satin day. Bedfordshire a county in England, about 35 miles in length and 22 in breadth, is bounded. on the SW. by Bucks ; on the NW. by Northamptonlhirc j on the NE. by Huntingdonfliire ; on the E, by Cam- bridgtfhire, and on the SE. by Herts. It contains 9 hundreds, 10 market towijs, 1 24 pari flies, and about 67,350 inhabit- ants. Tiie air is pure and wholefome, and the face of the country is, in general, varied with fmall hills and dales; there being few extenfive levels. It’s principal rivers aie the Oufe and the Ivel. It’s chief prod lifts are corn, butter, woad, and fullei’s earth, it’s manufactures lace, ftraw hats, bafkets, and toys. Bedford Level, a traft of fens, con- fining of 300,000 acres, in the counties of Norf. Sufi. Huntingdon!. Northamp. Line. Camb. and tile Ifle of Ely, which appear to have been dry land. formerly, by the ruins of houfes. latge trees, Sic. that have been found in fevtral parts. After divers expenfive attempts to drain thefe in the reigns of Henry VI. and Caarles I. William, duke of Bedford, and others, in 1649, undertook and completed it, fo far as to bring about 100,000 acres of good land to ule. In thele fens are fe- vcv,d decoys, where aftonifhing quantities BEE of wild fowl are taken during the feafon. One of thefe, not far from Ely, generally lends 3000 couple weekly to London, and is let for 500I. a year. Bedfiord, Lane, near W. Derby. Bedg- bury, Kent, 2 miles SW. of Cranhrook. Bedhampton, Hants, 3 miles NW. of Havant. Beduk, Weft , Durh. in the pa- rifh of Walking ton, on the N. fide of the Wear. Bedick , South . on the 8. bank of the Wear. Be ding fields SufiT. near Eye. Bed- high am , Suffex, 3 miles SE. of Lewes, Bedingfireet, Suffex, 4 miles E, of Bram- ber. Bedifien, Devoid. SW. of Oakhamp- ton. Bedleyhay . Camb. 5 miles SE. of Ely. Bedhngton , Northumb. 5 miles SE. of Morpeth. Bedlington, Nocthumberl. not far from Tweedmouth. Bedminfter , Somerf. SW. of Briftol. Bedrnont , Herts, N. of Langley Abbey. Bethnal Green, Middl. one of the hamlets of Stepney, con- taining upwards of 3000 houfes, and 25>ooo people. Bednall, Northumb. near Shields. Bednall , 5 miles from Stafford. Bednore, or Biddanore, a town of Hindooftan, capital, of a country of the fame name, lying NW. of the Myfore country, and to which it is, or v.as lately united. It is 330 miles SSE of Bombay, and 140 NW. of Ssringapatam. Lat. 14. o. N. Ion. 74. 48. E. Bedflon, Shropf. between Hop ton Caf- tle and Heref. Bedweltey . Mpnm. on the borders o! Glamorganf. Bedwes, Monm. between Kutcn, Beacon, and the river Ru mney. Bed win. Great, a decayed ,town of Wiltfhire, (under the Saxons a city, with a caffle, th.e ditches wheredf are frill vifi- ble) fit .11 a ted in the E. pait of the county, towards Berkfhire, 69 miles from London. Market on Tuefday. Bcdwin, Little , 3 miles N. of Great B rd'vjn . Bed-win, Cornw. 6 miles NE., of C . m elfoid. B edworth , War w . 3 miles S. of Nuneaton. Beech Wood, Herts, near St. Alban’s. Seeding, Suffex. BeemaH, a river in the Deccan, a prin- cipal branch of the Kiltna, and joining it near Edghir. It riles in the mountains to the N. of Poonah, and is efteenaed one of the (acred rivers by the Gentoos. Beenmore , in Kerry, Munfler. Beere , K*nt, a manor in the parifh of Welt Clive. Beere, Somerf, 3 miles S. of Curry Mallet. Beer Haven. See Bantry. Beering’s Straits, or Anjah Straits, the narrow lea between the W. coaff of N. America, and the E. coart of Afia, about 13 leagues wide. Herring's Island, In the N. Pacific G Ocean, B E I Oc«n, about 90 miles long and 38 wide, 30 leagues W. of Kimtfchatka, in lat. from about 54. to 56. N. Bees , St. Cumb. a large parifli between Whitehaven, Egremont, & c. noted tor it’s public, claflical fchool. Sr. Bees Head is a lofy promontory, with a light-houle on it, and a church (till remaining of an an- cient nunnery, from which to Whitehaven, a ditlance of about 3 miles, it is nearly one continued range of rock, riling per- pendicularly from the beech. Beefon, Chelh. near Staff. Beejlon, Yorkf. S. of of Leeds. Beejlon Cajlle, Chelh. near Bunbury. Beejlon , Bedf. near Warden. Beejlon, Norf. near Wroxham. Beejlon, Norf. on the coaft, near Cromer. Beejlon , Shropf. 4 miles S. of Shrewlbury. Beejlon St. Lawrence, Norf. between Wurfted and Ludham. Beezley , Hants, 5 miles E. of Peters fie id. Begbrook , Oxf. z miles S. of Woodftock. Beger?nans, Yorkf. between Camhill and the river Wharfe. B*fort, a fmall, but (trong town, in the dept, of the Upper Rhine, with feveral forges of iron works. It is fituated at the foot of a mountain, 28 miles nearly W. of Bafii. Beggar's Bridge , in Welt Meath, Lein- Her, 37 miles from Dublin. Beggar's Bujh , Midd. ro miles from London. Beggar's Bujh , Huntingdonf. near Godmanchefter. Beggar's Inn , in Kilkenny, Leinlter, 58 miles fro n Dublin. Begbam, Kent, 5 miles W. of Lamber- hurlt. Begimor, Northurfib. belongs to the manor of Woller. Beginnis-, fee Blaf- ques. Behat-river. See Chelum. Beja, a city and lake in Alentejo. Bejapour. See Visia-pour. Beichungen, a town of Thuringia, Upper Saxony, 17 miles N. of Weimar. Beighton , Derbyf. 8 miles NE. of Dron- field. Beighton, Norf. near S. Wallhani. Beila, a town in Piedmont, 32 miles N- of Turin. Beilstein, a town and lordfhip of Nafl’au Dillcnburg, Weltphalia; and a town of NalTau Orange Dietz, circle of Lower Rhine. Beinheim, a town of Baden, Suabia; and a town in the dept, of the Lower Rhine. Be ira, a province of Portugal, bound- ed on the W. by the Atlantic ; on the N. by Tra los Montes and Entre Douro e Mifiboj on the E. by Leon and Spani/h Eilremadura } and on the S. by Portuguefe Litremadura and Alentejo. It is divided into 6 juiii'diClions, called Cornar^as, This BEL province is nearly fquare, being about 90 miles in extent each way: it is well wa- tered and fertile, at lead; in corn and fruits; but the people are indolent, and much given to mendicity^ Beith, a village and parilh of Ayrlhire, on the road from Glafgow, by Pailiey, to Ayr and Port Patrick. Belan , Nett, r miles NE. of Retford. Belanagar, in Rolcommon, Connaught, 81 miles from Dublin. Belaport, Shropf. z miles NE. of Ather- ley. Belaugb, Norf. near Sparham. Bel- broughton , Wore. 3 miles from Bromi- grove. Belby, Yorkf. near Howden. Belcara, in Mayo, Connaught. Belcastro, a town of Calabria Ultra. Belch tdwell, Dorfetf. near Stourminfter. Belcham, Water and Pauls, Edex, 2 vil- lages near Clare* Beichford, LincolnL SE. of Burwell. Belchite, a town of Afragon, 24 miles S. of Saragofla. Belchoe, a town of Fermanagh, in Ulfter, feated on Lough Nilly, 18 miles SE. of Ballyfhannon* Beleby . Yorkf. S. of Pocklington. Belem, a town of Portugal, in Edre- madura, feated on the N. fide of the Tajo, 3 miles W. of Lifbon, where all (hips, failing up the liver, are obliged to bring to. In the church, many kings and princes of the blood lie interred ; alfo a town of New Navarre, N. America; a town of Olnaburg, Weftphalia; and a fea- port of Brafil, S. America, in lat. 130. S. Belejby, Lincolnf. between Afliby and Cador. Belestat, a town in the dept, of the Aude, 14 miles SW. of Limoux. Beley , Wore. 2 miles from Bromefgrove. Belfajl , Line. SE. of Belwood Hall. * Belfast, a large town and fea-port, of increafing importance, in t fie county of Antrim, in Ulfter, feated on Carrickfergus Bay, at the mouth of Lagan river, with a (lately bridge over it, of 21 arches, which, including the dead work at each end, is 256 % feet long. A navigable canal, con- necting the harbour with Lough Neagh, was completed in 1793. In 1791, this town contained 3107 houfes, and about 18,320 fouls. Here are confiderable ma- nufactures of cotton, cambric, failcloth, and linen ; with others of glafs, fugar, earthen ware, a large export of provifions, &c. It is 9 miles SW. of Carrickfergus, and 20 from Dublin. Belfont , Wilts, near Salisbury. *Belford, a fmall, neat town in Northumberland, fituated on the ridge of a lull, z mites from the Le^r, 14 N. of Alnwick, BEL Alnwick, and 319 from London. Mar- ket on T ne (day. Belghe , Derbyf. NE. of Scarfdale. Belgorod. See Akerman. Belgrade, a large, and formerly a ftrong city, of Turkey in Europe, the refi- dence of a fangiac, and chief place of Ser- via. It is feated on a low hill, which reaches to the Danube, a little above it’s conflue»ce with the Save. It is ftill a place of conJiderable trade, being reforted to by mei chants of different nations; but it’s fine fortifications, which rendered it fo important, were demolifhed, agreeably to treaty, in 1738. It is 60 miles $W. of Temefwaer, 265 SE. of Vienna, and 400 NW. of Conffantinople. Belgrade, a finaii town of Romania, on the Strait of Conftaniinople. Belgrade, 2, miles N. of Leicefter. Bel- buiJJi, Dorferf. near Winfrith. Belboufe , Eiiex, near Biilericay. Belifton , Line. N. of Holbefh. Selkirk , Northumb. in the road from Berwick to Carlifle. Belly Dorfetf. netr Sturminfter Newton. Bellac, a fmall town in the dept, of Upper Vienne, feated on the Vincon, 20 miles NNW. of Limoges. Bellamont, a village in Connaught, 10 miles from Sligo, and 126 NW. of Dublin. Bellamore Hill, Staff, near Stone. Bell- bank, Cumb. near Brankin and Harper Hills. * Bellclare, a town of Sligo, Con- naught, 20 miles SW. of Sligo. Belleek , in Donegal, Ulfter, 105 miles from Dublin. Belleek, in Fermanagh, Ul- fter, 97 miles from- Dublin* Bellegar.de, in the dept, of the Eaft- ern Pyrenees, above the defile of Pertuis, about 15 miles S. of Perpignan. It is for- tified, and an important paffage of the Py- renees » Bellegarde, a town in the dept, of Saone and Loire, feated on the river Saone, 15 miles NE. of Chalons ; alfo a town in the refpe&ive depts. of the Creufe, the Loiret, and the Aveiron. Belle Isle, an ifiand of France, 115 miles from the coaft of the dept, of Mor- bihan. It is 15 miles long, 5 broad, and divei fified with craggy mountains, fait works, and fertile plains. The capital is Palais. It was taken by the Englifti in 1761* and reftored in 1763. Lat. 47. 18. N. Ion. 3. 6. W. Belle Isle, an ifland of N. America, at the mouth of the ftrait, between La- brador and the N. end of Newfoundland. The paffage between them is called the Straits of Belle Ifie, Lat. 51. 55, N, Ion. 55- as-W. BEL Bellerby, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Bur- ton Conftable. Bellesme, a town in the dept, of Orne, 75 miles SW. of Paris. Belley, a town in the dept, of Ain, before the revolution the capital of Buge . It is feated near the Rhone, 12 miles NW. of Chamberry, and 250 SE. of Paris. Bellfield , in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Bell Hammond's , Middl. near Uxbridge. Bell Houfe, Effex, between Morehall and N. Ockinden. Bell Houfe, Effex, near Halftead. Bell Houfe , Eliex, near Chip- ping Ongar. Bellingford, Norfolk, near Repeham. Bellingham, a town in Northumb. 14 miles NW. of Hexham, and 294 fiom London. Market on Tueftlay. Bell Inn, Wore. E. of Kidclerminfter. Bellinzona, a town of Swifferland, capital of a fmall country, bordering on tlie Milanefe. It is fituated at the north- ern extremity of Lake Maggiora, 25 mile# NNW. of Como. Beliijler , Northumb. near Hahwefie. Bellojyfe , Durh. in the parifti of Billing- ham. Bellonjj, Lincoln!'. NW. of Alford. Bellow, Nott. near.Rufford. Bellunese, a territory of Venice, in Italy, in which are iron mines; it ha# Friuli on the E. and the Trevifano and Feltrin on the S. Belluno, it’s capital, is feated among the Alps, on the river Piava, 15 mile* NE. of Feltri. Lat. 46. 13. N. Ion. 12. 9* E. Bellwood Hall, Lincolnf. E. ofTempIq Bdlwood. Bellwood, 'Temple, Lincolnf. in the parifti of Belton. Bellyng , Northumb. near Yarrow. Belmont, a town in the dept, of Rhone and Loir ; and a town in the dept, of Aveiron. Belmonte, a town of Calabria Citra, 11 miles WSW. of Cofenza. Below, or Belan , a river of Weftmorl. running into the Eden near Great Muf- grave. Below , Norf. 4 miles S. of Wur- fted. Below , Norf. near Repeham. Bel - per, Derby!’, in the parifti of Duffield. Belferdine , Slsropf. between Sheaton and the little Wrekin Hill. Belfey Caftle, Northumberland, near Newcaftlc. Belfo t Northumb. near Hexham. Beljlead, Suff. 5 miles S. of Ipfwich. Bcljlon Tor, Staff, near Throwley. Belt, the Great, a ftrait of Dei> mark., between the iflands of Zealand and Funen, forming a communication between the Cattegat lea and the Baltic. It is not fo commodious, aor fo mu(£ frequented as the Sound. G 2 JBblt, BEN Belt, the Little, to the W. of the Great Belt, a narrow (trait between Funen and J inland. It is alfo one of the pafl'ages between the German Ocean and the Balric. Belihorp , ’Rutl. on the borders of Line. Beltingham, Northurnb. near the influx of Wed Alon into the Tyne. Belton, Leic. between Loughborough and Stanton Ha- rold. Belton, Rutl. near Ridlington and Wnidley. Belton , Lincoln!', i mile from Grantham. Belton, Line, in the Hie of Axhoim. Belton , SutF. 5 miles SW. of Yarmouth. Belton , Yorkf. near Nun Ap- pleton. Belto/i, Line, near Epworth. Beltra , in Shgo, Connaught. . *Beltureet, a town of Cavan, in Ulftei , i’eated on the river Earn, 8 miles NN'W. of Cavan, and 61 from Dublin. Beltz, Belzo, orBEi-cz, afpacious town and palatinate of Poland, in Red Ruffia, 30 miles N. of Leopold. Lat. 50. 20. N. Ion. 24. 5. E. . Belvedere, a town and province of Greece, whence tire Belvedere raifins come. The province lies on the W. coafl, and is the mod fertile in alt the Morea. The town is 20 miles S. of Chiarenza. Lat. 38. o. N. Ion. 21. 4.5. E.; alfo a town of Otranto, Naples; and a town of Calabria Citra. Belvedere, Kent, near Erith. Belvo'tr, or Be-ver , Cajlle, Lincoln!'. 4 miles from Grantham; the ancient feat of the dukes of Rutland, with a fine, extenfive profpeft over the fruitful valley under it. The Vale of Belvoir i’preads from within a mile of Grantham,- into the counties of Lin- coln, Leiceder, Nottingham, Sr c. Bely, Derby f. in the High Peak. Betnerlon , Wdts, near Salifbury. Bemingborottgh, Yorkf. SW. of the Forefc of Gaultres. Bemingham , Yorkf. near Heydon. Bemster, or Bemin'ster, a town of Dorfet flare, having a manufacture of wool- len and fail cloth. The inhabitants are about 2000. It is lea ted on the river Bert, 14 miles WN W. of Dot cbelfer, and j 38 W. by S. of London. Market on Thurfday. Bempjlon , Kent, near Rolvenden. Be?npjled, South , Eflex, near Horndon. Benager, Somerf. near Mendip Hills. Be- naker, Sufr. between Southwold and Leo- ItofF. Benall , Nott. NW. of Hucknall. Benallock , Cornw. SE. of Heliton. Be- nallock, 4Z ornw. on the W. fide of Gram- pound. Benares, a populous and fertile coun- try, or i'oubah, of Hindoodan, bounded on the N.. and NW. by Oude, and on other parts by Bihar, Allahabad, and Orifla. It is about 120 miles long and x 00 broad, BEN and contains the circars of Benares, Jion* pour, Chunar, ajid Gazypour, and pro- duces a revenue of near 400,0001. a year. It was ceded to_ the Englilh Ead India Company in 1775. Benares, a fine, rich, and populous city, the capital of a I’oubah of the lame name, is built along the N. fide of the Ganges, which is here very broad and the banks are very high. It’s appearance from the water is very beautiful ; feveral Hindoo temples embellifli the banks of the river, and many other buildings, both public and private, are magnificent. The dreets are narrow, the houfes high and crowded with inhabitants : but the more wealthy Hindoos live in detached houfes, with an open court fifrrounded by a wall. Benares is more celebrated as the ancient feat of Braminical learning, than on any other account; and the lame manners and cudoms dill prevail among the people as at the mod remote period that can be traced in hidory, as they mod pertinaci- oufly guard againd innovations from fo- reigners. It is 425 miles SE. of Delhi, and 335 NW. of Calcutta. Lat. 2^. 20. N. Ion. 83. 10. E. Ben avarri, a town of Arragon. Benavento, a large town of Leon. Bembridge Point, Hants, between the bay of Sf. Helens and CulverclifF. Ben- bury, Somerf. near Bath. Be.vy, Line, in the road from Glanford Bridge to Barton. Benburb, In Tyrone, Ulder. Bencoolen, a town and fortrefs on the SW. coad of the ifland of Sumatra, in the Indian Ocean, held by the Englifli, who firft fettled here in 1685, and in 1695 built a fort, which they called Fori York ; and afterwards another, with regular for- ( tificaticns, called Fort Marlborough, in a more wholefome fituation. The natives build their dwellings on bamboo pillars. A convenient river, on the NW. fide, brings the pepper out #f the inland coun- try; but there is a great inconveniency in (hipping it, by realon of, a dangerous bar at the river’s mouth. Tame buffaloes may be had here in plenty; but fifh and poultry are l’car.ce and dear. The foil is a fertile clay, producing higii grafs. Lat. 3. 49. S. Ion. 102. 5. E. Bendermassen, See Banjar. Bender, orTEKiN,a town of Beflara- i bia, fituated on the river Dneider, 80 miles NW. of Belgorod. It is famous for being the retreat of Charles XII. after he was de- feated by the Ruffians at Pultowa. Lat. 46. 5S. N. Ion. 30. 2. E. Beneckar , Wilts, near Melkfliam. Benedetto, BEN Benedetto, St. a town in the Man- tuan, 15 miles SSE. of Mantua. Benefield, Effex, near Birchanger. Be- nefield , Northamp. 4 miles N. ot Oundie. Beneley , Northumb. near the Till, 6 miles NW. of Alnwick. Benenden, Kent, near Rolvenden and Cranbrook. Benesoeuf, a town in Egypt, 50 miles S. of Cairo. It is the capital of a diftritt, and lefidence of a bey. Benet , St. Cornwall, 4 miles SW. of Bodmin. Benevento, anciently Beneven- TUM, a large and rich city of Naples, ca- pital .of the Pi incipato Ultra. This city, with a duchy, or fmall diftrift round it, producing about 6000 crowns a year, is fubjeit to the pope. It is feated in a fer- tile valley, near the confluence of the Sa- boro and Cdoro, 30 miles NE. of Naples. Benfeld, a town in the dept, of the Lower Rhine, feated on the river Ille, 12 miles 6 SW. of Stralburg. Benfield Side , Durham, on the edge of Northumb. Benfieet , North , Elfex, 4. miles N. of Benfieet Magna. Benfieet Magna , Effex, near Canvey I (land. Benford , De- von!'. near Great Torringtoil. Bengwortb, Wo; c. on the Avon, oppofite toEvelham. Bengal, a countiy of imiia, in the E. part of Hindooftan, extending from E. to W. upward of 400 miles, and from N. to S. above 300. It is bounded on the W. by Oi iffa and Bahai ; on the N. by Na- paul and Bootan ; on the E. by Adam and Mcckley; and on the S. by the Bay of Bengal. The country confilts of one vaft plain, of the mod fertile foil in fhe world, which, in common with other parts of Hindooftan, annually renders two, and in fome parts, even three crops. It’sprinci pal products are fugar, filk, cotton, fruit, pepper, opium, rice, faltpetre, h e, and C!V#t. The Ganges here divides into !e- vetal dreams, and annually, like the Nile, overflows the countiy. Bengal has been iubjeef, ever fince the year 1765, to the Englifli Eaft India Company. It’s net annual revenue, including that of Bthar, is x r2.90.000l. Calcutta is the capital. Benguela, a kingdom on the W. coaft of Africa, bounded on the W. by the ocean; on the N. by Angola ; on the E. and SE. by parts unknown; and on the S. by Mataman, or Matapan. -The men wear fleins about their waifts ; the women a kind of cloth made of the bark of tree . At Benguela the capital, on the bay or river Binguela, the Portuguefe have a fettie- ment; rfieir houfes are fnaded with orange, lemon, banana, and other trees. The pro- ductions are manioc, palms, dates, vines, BEN caffia, and tamarinds; and from the hu- midity of the foil, they have two fruit fea- fons in the year. Lat. from 13. to 15. S. Ion. from 1 2. to 20. E. Benhall , SufF. near Saxnrmndham. Ben- ham, Berks, near Reading. Benham , Bucks, near Ufton. Benbatn, Sun v, near D. irking. Benkam Heath , Btiks, near Wargrave. Beteick, Camb. ir> the Iflc of Ely. Benin, a kingdom of Africa, extending from 1. o. S. lar. to 9. o. N. lat. and bounded on the W. by Ddionty and the ocean; on the N. by Dahomy and Biafara; on the PL by parts unknown; and on the S. by Loango. The country exhibits many beautiful landscapes ; but the air, in fume places, is noxious or peftilential, on account of the grofs vapours exhaled from the marlh.es by the hear of the fun. The natives are (kilfui in making various forts of lives, and in manufacturing- cot- tons or calicoes, which they wear and alio export. Their king is ablolute, and , 1 ns a great number of petty princes under him, and polygamy is allowed among the n. Benin, the capital, feated on the river Benin, or Formula, is a lpacious city; the houfes are large and handfome, with clay walls, and covered with reed ft raw, or leaves; the (hops are flocked with European merghandife, as well as with the commodities of the country, and the ftreets are kept neat and clean by the wo- men. Lat. 7. 50. N. Ion. 5. 4. E. Benington , Herts, 4 miles from Steven- age. Beningzvorth, Line. 7 milts SE. of Market JRaifin. Benjoy , near Hertford. Bennet's . St. commonly called St. Benncfs in the Holm , i. e. a river illand, Norf. SE. of Rrpeham. Bennet's 7 Shropiliire, near Shrewfbury. Benntf s Bridge , 3 miles from Kilken- ny, in Lein (ter, and 57 frdtai Dublin. Bennevis, a mountain of Invernefs, rifing 4300 feet above the level of the fea. It’s l'un)mit affords one of the molt exten- live and beautiful profpecls in Scotland. Bennington ; the principal town of a county of the lame name (containing 19 townlhips) of Veimoot, in New England, in the SW. coiner of the dale; at the foot of the Green Mountains. It’s public buildings are a court- houfe, jail, and church; but the affembly commonly holds the feffions at Wind for. Near the centre of the town is Mount Anthony, which rifes very high, in the form of a lugar- loaf. Bennington is 30 miles E. by N. of Albany. Lat. 43. o. N, Ion. 73. 10. W. Benvingicn, Line, near Bolton. Ben- nington % Yorkf. near Horn fey. Benning - G 2 ton BER ton Long , Line, on the borders of Leicef. Benonis , Leicef. near Henckley. Bensford, Wilts, NW. of Briftol. Betifham , Surry, near Croydon. Bensheim, a town of Germany, in the palatinate of the Rhine, Upper Rhine, 10 miles ENE. of Worms. Lat. 49. 36. N. Jon. 8. 41. E. Benjhington, or Berifon, Oxfordf. on the Thames, a little below it’s conjunflion with the Ifis. Bentall , Lane, near Man- chefter. Bentall) Shropf. 5 miles W. of Shrewfbury. Bentall, Shropfhire, 2 miles NE. of Wenlock. Bentham , Yorkf. W. Riding, E. of Hornby Caftle. Bentham , near Gloucefter. Bentheim, a town of Weftphalia, ca- pital of a county of the fame name, about 40 miles long, and from 3 to 12 broad, bounded by Munfter on the E. and S. and Overyffel on the N. and W. The town of Bentheim contains one Roman Catholic find one Proteftant church, and has a caf- tle, or palace, flanked with towers. It is 32 miles N W. of Munfter. Bentivoglio, a town and caftle in the principality of Bologna, 10 miles NE. of Bologna. Bentley , W arw. between Kingflbury and Shiftock. Bentley. Dcrbyf. near Middle- ton Park. Bentley, Hants, nearFarnham in Surry. Bentley , Staff. W. of Wal- fall. Bentley , Suff. near Ipfwich. Bent- ley v Sufll-x, 8 miles NE. of Lewes. Bent- ley , Yorkfhire, 4. miles SW. of Beverley. Bentley, Yorkf. near Doncafter. Bentley Fenny, D.rbyf. NE. of Afhborn. Bentley Hall , Effex, near Limited. Bentley Hun- gry , Derbyf. near Bentley Fenny. Bent- ley , Magna and Parana, Effex, near Tend- Ting. Bentley , Worcef. a hamlet'to Tan- debigg. Benton Magna, or Mickle Benton , Northumb. near Newcaftle. Benton Par- *va, or Little Benton, near Benton Magna. Benton, Yorkf. NE. of Bridlington. Bent - ’worth, Hants, NW. of Alton. Benevi/le , Dorfetf. 1 mile from Corfecombe. Benajoliben , a mountain 4 miles N. of Sligo, in Connaught, and 2 from-the ocean. Benwell . Northumb. near Newcaftle, Benwyke, Northumb. in Coquetdale ward. Beny, Cornw. near Bofcaltle, to the NE. Bepton, Suffex. 2 miles S. of Midhurft. Berar, orBARAR, an exteniive foubah of the Deccan, in Hindooftan, botmded on the N. by Malwa and Allahabad ; on the E. by Oriffa and the northern circars} on the W. by Candeifh and Dowlatabad 3 and on the S. by Golconda, It is fertile in wheat, rice, poppies, and leguminous plants. The fhcep, here, have lengthened necks, very- fhort tails, long ears, -and BER wool not curled. It is partly fubje£t t-o » rajah, and partly to the nizam of the Dee- can. Berbice, a river of Guiana, which runs into the Atlantic in about lat. 6. N. and Ion. 59. W. Berchtolsgaden, a town and p<*in r cipality of Bavaria, environed in the arch- bilhopric of Saltzburg, but only fubjt£l to the pope. It is 10 miles SW. of Saltz- burg. Berdoa, a country of Africa, between Egypt and Zaara. Berdon, Effex, S. of Clavering. Berd - well, Suff. N. of Ibjworth. Bere, Cornw. 4 miles SE. of Stratton. Berealston, See Bearalston. Bere Church, Effex, near Colchefttr. Bere Hagard, Dorfetf. near Yetminfter. Bereilly, a fmall city of Hindooftan Proper, capital of the Rohillas country, SE. of Delhi and NW. of Lucknow, and about 120 miles from each. Lat. 2S. 30, N. Ion. 79. 40. E. Berenice. See Suez. Bere Regis, a town of Dorfetftiire, feaud on a rivulet of it’s own name, near it’s influx into the river Piddle, he! ween Wareham and Middleton, 12 miles E. by N. of Dorchefter, and 113 SW. of London. Market on Wednefday. Bere , Dorfetf. near Ockford Shilling and Durvefton. Bere Hachet, Dorfetf. 2 miles SE. of Bradford Abbas. Beref- ford. Staff, on the Dove, near Narrow- dale. Berejlon , Dorfetf. W. of Winborn St. Giles. Berfield, Berks, near Winter- bourn. Berford , Dorfetf. near Winborn Minfter. Berford , Wilts, 4 miles N. of Wilton. BerGj a territory of Weftphalia, hav- ing the duchy of Cleves on the N. and < that of Jvlarck on the E. about 60 miles long, and from 8 to 22 in breadth. Along the Rhine, (which parts it from the arch- i bifhoptic of Cologne) the country is flat and fertile in corn, paftures, &c. on the hills they cultivate vines, and there are vaft h>- refts on the mountains. It i> iubjetd to the Ele6ior Palatine. Duffeldorp is the capital. Bergamasco, a province of Venice, having the country of the Giilons on the N. and the Milanefe on the W. It is exceedingly fertile about it’s capital, Ber- gamo, (which is an ancient city, noted for it’s wool, filks, ferges, and tapeftry) bqt mountainous, rocky, and uncultivated in the northern parts. They have, however, fome iron mines, and alfo quarries ot mill- ffones, wine, oil, and delicious fruits. Bergamafco is 25 miles NE. of Milan. Bergarac* B E R Bergarac, a populous, trading town In the dept, of Dordogne, feated on the ri- ver Dordogne, 46 miles E. of Bourdeaux. Bergas, or Borgas, a town of Ro- mania ; and a town of Natolia. Bergetn, a handfome and ancient fea- port of Norway, capital of the province jof Bergenhus, containing about 20,000 in- habitants. The harbbur is excellent, and well fortified. Their exports are /kins, timber, tallow, fifli, &c. ; but their wheat is brought from other places. It is 200 miles NW. of Gottenburg, and 350 N. by W. of Copenhagen. Lat. 60. n. N. Ion. 5. 45. E. Bergen, a town in the Ifie of Rugen. See Rugen. Bergen, a town of Hanau Muntzen- burg, Upper Rhine 5 alfo a town of Zell, Lower Saxony ; and a county of New Jer- sey, N. America. Bergen.kus, the moft wefterly pro- vince of Norway, between Aggerhuys and the fea, about 60 leagues long and 27. wide. Bergen op Zoom, a ftrong tovrn of Dutch Brabant, in the marquifate of the fame name. It is feated partly upon a hill, and partly on the river Zoom, which communicates with the Scheldt by a canal. It is 1 5 miles N. of Antwerp, and 22 SW. of Breda, Bergerode, Lane. near Thornton. Bergb , Norf. near Kimberley Park. Bergbamp- ton , Norf. near Broke and Lcddon. Berg- holt, Suffolk. Berg bo It IV ejler, Effex, near Colchefter. Bergill , Shropfhire, near Bab- by’s Wood. Bergues St. VinOx, a town in the dept, of the North, feated on the river Colme, at the union of lieveral canals, which conduft to Dunkirk, Gravelines Omer, Furnes, &c. 5 aniles SE. of Dunkirk. Beriara, or Berii Areistan, the Arabic name for Arabia Dclerta. Beriden , a river of Norfolk, running in- to the Yar, below Norwich. Beringbam , Suffolk, 5 miles SW. of Buddefdale. Ber - ington , Shropfh- 2 miles E. of Cundover. Berington , Shropf. near Clun. Berington , hlagna and Barnja , Oxfordf. on the edge of Gloucefterf. Berion , Cornw. between North Hill and South Hill. Beriton , Hants, near Petersfield. Berkeley, a town of Gloucefterfhire, famous for it’s Gothic caftle, beguB in the reign of Henry I. and finiihed in that of Stephen. The room, in which king Edward II. was iinprifoned, is ftill to be feen. It is fituated on the Severn (by which it carries on a eonfiderabie trade in BER timber, coals, malt, and cheefe) 18 miles SSW. of Gloucefter, and 113 from Lon- don. Market on Tuefday. Berkefivell , Warwickf. near Coventry. Berkforii , Bedf. N. of Tomsford. * Berkhampstead, a town of Herr- fordfhire, formerly a Roman ftation, and where the kings of Mercia afterwards re- fided, in a very large, ftrong caftle, en- compafled by a moat that covers above 4 acres, the ruins of which, as alfo of its bridge, are ftill vilible. A wittenagemot, or Saxon parliament, was held here, in 697, and Ina’s laws were publifhed here. It is 9 miles from ('Sr. Alban's, and 26 NW. of London. Market on Monday. Berkharnpflead , Little, 4 miles from Hertford. Berks, or Berkshire, a county of England, bounded on the W. by Wilts j on the N. hy Oxfordftiire and Bucks, from both which it is divided by the Thames; on the E. by Bucks and Surry; and on the S. by Hants. From E. to W, it extends above 50 miles, and from N. to S. it is 25 miles in the wideft, though not more than 6 in the narroweft part. It contains 20 hundreds, 12 market-towns, 140 parifhes, and about 115,000 inhabit- ants. The air in general is very healthy. It’s principal rivers are the Thames, Ken- net, Lamborn, and Loddon. The E. part has much uncultivated land, as Windior- Foreft and it’s appendages: the W. and middle parts, particularly the Vale of White- Horfe, produce grain in great abundance. Berkshire, a county ©f Pennfylvania, and a county of Maffnchufetts, in the United States, N. America. Berley , Shropf. between Walcot and Shipton-Caftle. Berley, Yorkfhire, N. of Snaith. Berlin, a large and handfome city of Germany, capital of the ele&orate of Brandenburg, where the king of Pruflia refides. It ftands on the banks of the Spree, in a fandy foil, amidft woods and marfhes ; yet it is encompafl'cd with fruit- ful gardens and vineyards, and manufac- tories of various cloths, metals, and glafs are carried on. The inhabitants, includ- ing the garrifon, are eftimated at 130,000, of whom about 4000 are Jews. The pa- lace is magnificent, and there is a fine li- brary, a rich cabinet of curiofities and mtdals, an academy of lattices, and an obfervatory. There is a canal cut from the river Spree to the Oder on the E. and another thence to the Elbe to the V It has a communication by water both with the Baltic Sea ai>d German Gee <;• ; and is BER 42 miles NW. of Frankfort on the Oder, and geo N. by W. of Vienna. Lat. 52. 32. N. ion. 13. 31. E. Berlin, a town of York coumy, and a town of Somerjet county j both in Penn- sylvania. Berling , North'umb. near Harbottle- Caftle. Berlings, near Lincoln. Bermuda, or Somers’ Islands, a cinder of {'mail iflands, about 500 miles E. of Carolina, in the Atlantic Ocean. They are properly rocks, or hard land- banks, about 400 in number, and not containing in all above 20 000 acres; Home of them are fo near each other, that paffengers ftep acrofs the intervening fea from iftmd to iftand. They are inhabited by the Englifh, enjoy a pure and temperate air, and have plenty ct fifti, flefh, garden fluff, land and water birds, Indian corn, tobacco', fruits, &c. The common em- ployment of the inhabitants is in building Hoops of the cedar, which grows here in abundance, and they frequently build their houfes and churches of it. The mod con- siderable of rhele iflands, are St. George, S'-. David, Cooper, Ireland, Smnerlet, Long Ifland, Bird Iflartd, .and Nonfuch. The firfl contains a town, the two follow- ing have fome villages, the others only difperfed farms. It is a perpetual fpring here ; the trees never lofe their verdure, as the leaves only fall when new ones begin to appear, and birds ling and breed with- out intei million. The town of St. George, on S r . George’s Illand, is the capital. Lat. 32, 20. N. Ion. 65. o. W. Bern, the hrgeft of the 13 cantons of Swifferland, having for its fouthern boun- dary the Lake of Geneva, the Valais, and the duchy of Savoy ; it is about 150 miles in length, and 75 in breadth, and is di- vided into two principal parts, called (he German and Roman. The latter is molt commonly called the Pays de Valid, or Country of Vaud. The people are Cal- vinists. Bern, the capital of the canton of Bern, Hands on a peninfula, formed by the river Aar. Here is a celebrated fchool, and a rich library. The houfes are of a fine white tree-ftone, and pretty uniform, particularly in the principal ftreet, where the houfes are ail of a height. There are piazzas on each fide, with a walk railed 4 feet above the level of the (frett, very commodious in wet weather, and ihe pub- lic buildings a>e magnificent. Moll of the fireets are paved with flints, and travel-fed by a canal lined with liceftone. Bern is 70 miles NE. of Geneva. Lat. 46. 52. N. Ion. 7, 2.0. E, BER Bern, a town of Bohemia, 15 miles W. o'f Prague. Bernard, the Great, St. a moun- tain of Swifferland, between Valliis and Val d’Aofte, at the fource of the river Drar.ce. The top of it is always cover- ed with fnow, and there is a large convent, where the monks entertain all ftrangefs, gratis, for three days, without difiinfiion of religious profefTion. Bernau, two towns in the archduchy of Auftria; a town in the Upper Palati- nate ; and a town in the /fiddle Marche oi B' and en burg. Bern AY, a trading town, in the dept, of Eure, feated on the river Carantone, 20 miles SW. of Rouen. Bern burg, a town of Upper Saxony, capital of Anhalt Berhburg, and the reli- dence of the prince. BernBam* Suff. S. of Thetford. BernkastEL, a town of Treves, not- ed for it’s 'good wine. It is fituated on the Moi'elle, 18 miles ENE. of Treves. Bernthorp , Nott. 6 nrpk-sNE.of Newark. Berfl'ivood Forefl , Bucks, bordering on Gpti Berrick Priory , Oxf. 4 miles NW. of Watlington. Berrick- Salome , Oxf. near Watlington. Berricr , Cumb. near Penrith. Berrington , Glouc. near Camp- den. Berrington , Worcef. near Tenbury. Berrington , Som. 4 miles N. of Axbridge. BerrijlO'VO , Derby fh. in the High Peak. Berrough , Somerf. between the Bient and- the coalf. Berrow, Norf. near Hingham. Berronv, Worcefterf. 8 miles from Over- bury. Berry, a ci-devant province of France, having Nivernois on theE. and Poitou on the W. It is fertile in corn, wine, fruits, hemp, ami flax, and has all’o mines of El- ver, iron, and ochre. It now forms the two departments of'Ch’er and Indre. Berry , Berks, near Maidenhead. Ber- ry, E'.iex, near Great and Little Weiuion. Berry, Dorfetf. near Bland ford. Berry , Lancafhire, near Manchefler. Berry End , Bedf. near Hockley. Berry End , Bedi. near Carlton. Berry Nerbert , Devonf. on the coalf, W. of Comb -Martin. B.erry - Pomeroy , Devonf. near Totnels. Berry- Strett , Mid dl. bear Northolt. B erf cl don, Hants, near Titchfield. BERSELLO, or Brisello, a fmall but ftror.g town, in the Modenefe, lituated on the Po, 27 miles NW. of Modena. Berjied, Herts, 3 miles SW. of Hem- flead. Berjied , //.and S. Suffcx, SE. of Chichefter. Bersuire. See Bressuire. Bert , a river in Dorfetfhire, which runs into the Englifh Channel near Bridport. Bertinoro, BES BertinORO, a town in the pope's ter- ritory, 15 miies S. of Ravenna. Bertie. Lancaf. near Manchefter. Ber- lin Mills , Suffolk, near Midenlvall. BcRtrand, St. de Cominges, a fmall town, in the depr.o! U pper Garonne, 43 miles SE. of Aecli. * Be r Vi e, or Inverbervie, a river, fea por‘, anil fmaJl-bay on the coalt of Kincardine, 23 miles SSW. of Aberdeen. Beruytbin, Here!, neat Roi's. * Berwick, a town on the borders of England and Scotland, properly belong- ing to neither. It is a town and coun’y Of it it If ; it is large, populous; well-built, and regularly fortified; the old cadie, how- ever, is gone to decay. Berwick has very confideiable fiiheries of i'aJnrton, exports wool, atid eggs, co!le6Ied through ad the country, in vait abundance, to London, tor the uie of fugar- refiners. They cdfo im- port timber from Norway and the Baltic. It is ieated on the Tweed, over which there is a handfome bridge of 15 arches, 52 miles SE. of Edinburgh, 147 N. of York, and 3 36 N. by W. ot London. Markets on Wedpeiday and Saturday, and a fair on Friday, inTrinity Week, for black Catrle and horfes, Berwick, a town of Northumberland county, ieated on t lie Sufquehannah, and a town of York county, both in Pennfyl- vania. Berwick, Norths town of Scotland, in H-uidmgtonihire, on the Frith of Forth, 30 miles NW. of Berwick upon Tweed. Berwickshire, a county of Scotland, fometimes called the Mers ; is bounded on the W. by the (hires of Edinburgh and Selkiikj on the NW. by Haddington- ihire: on the E. by the Gelrnan Ocean; r.nd on the S£. and S. by the Tweed and Roxburghfhire. The principal rivers are the Tweed, Leader, Black adder, White- adder, Eye, and Ednel. Berwick, Herts, between W are and Puckeridge. Berwick, Dorietftiire, near Bad port. Berwick, Suffex, S W. of Pe- venicy Marih. Berwick Hill, Northumb. he a 1 M i t fo rd . Berwick St. James , Wilts, 3 miles S\V. of Stonehenge. Berwick St. John, Wilts, 3 miles S, of Wardour- Caftle. Berwick St. Leonard , Wilts, near Hindon. Berwood-Hall , Warwick!', in the pari/h of Curdworth. Berwyn - Hills, a ridge of mountains near B da in Merionethshire. Bery Baron, Iile of Wight, in Weft Medina. Berytborp , York!'. S. of iMew Mai ton. BESAN50N, a city in the depart, of Doubs, containing 8 pariihes, and about ao,ooo inhabitants. It was formerly the BET capital of Franche-Comte, and is frtnated on a peniniula formed by the river Doubs, 52 miles nearly E. of Dijon, and 298 SE* of Paris. Befcot , Staff. 1 mile from Church-Ea- ton. Befebey , Line. 4 miles N. of Al- ford. BesforJ , Shropf. near Lee- Bridge, Besford , vVorcef. near Perftiore. ' Befill, Cwrnwdl, 4 n.d-s SE. of Camelford. Bejkwood Lodge , Nott. S. of Siierwood- Forett. Bessarabia, or Budziac Tarta- ry, in ancient geography called the De- sert OF THE Ge tje, a imai! territory ot Turkey in Europe, having Moldavia on tiie W. apd the Danube on t lie S, The chief towns are Bender, Akerman, Kilia, and Ifmaib Befboroavh . in Kilkenny. Leinfter. Bejj'eljieigb , or Befits Leigh Berks, 3 miles SW. ot Oxfont . Bejj'onhy , Yorkf, near Bridlingtom Btfiborp, or Befirup , Nott. on the borders of Line. Bejtborp, Norf. between Buckeuham and Huigham* Befion , North, Nottinghamihiie, near Len- tpn and Bramcot. Befion, Norfolk, near Eaft Beckenham, SW . ot Cromer. Be - fion , Norfolk, E, of the road from Nor- wich to N. Waltham. Bcfiow , Shropf, W. of.Wiekin.Hi.il. Bestricia, or Bestertze,* a town of Tranfylyania, ieated on the river Bif- tritz. Befiwall, Darfetftdre, near Wareham, Befwick , Yorkf. near Baynton, Betanzos, a lea port cf Galicia, 9 milts SW. of Corunna. Betcbton, Chef. 2 miles from Sandback and 4 from Congleton. Betcbworth C af- t/e, Surry, between Dorking and Ryegate. Betelfaugi, a town of Arabia Felix, a large market for coffee. Lat. 15. 40, N. Ion. 57. 20. E. Beth am Cagle, or Hall, Weftrn. near the river Kan. Betberfden, Kent, SW. cf Afhford. Bethlehem, a poor village of Pales- tine, burned on the ridge of a hill, 6 miles SE. of Je'rufalena. Here is a very large church, built, in the form of a crofs, by Lite E.nprefs Helena^ and, adjoining to ii, a large mopiaftery of Francifcan friars, indifferently built. Bethlehem, a town of Brabant, a miies N. of Louvain. Bethlehem, a town of Northampton county. Pcnniyivania, fituated on the ri- ver Lehcigh, a weftern branch of the De- laware. The town being partly on as eminence, and partly on the lower banks of the M makes, (a fine creek, affording red and yellow- bellied trout and other fifh) has BET has a very plea in nt and healthy fituation. it is the principal feftlement of the Mora- vians, in America, who were fixed here by Count Zinzendorf in 174.1. The houi'es, which are moftly built of lime-ftone, are rvbeut 7a in number, including an excel- lent fchool, and two large houfes for the fingle men and fingle women, the latter under a female fuperintendant, the former under an eider, or warden ; and the inha- bitants are between 5 and 600. 7 'he Ger- man language is more in ui’e here than the Engliih ; the latter, however, is taught in the fchoois ; and both are made ufe of in the church, a firnple, (tone building, fur- mfhed with an organ. Bethlehem is 53 miles N. of Philadelphia. fiethlem, in Weft Meath, Leinfter, 5 miles from Athlone. Bethune, a flrong town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais, feated on a reck by the river Belfe, or Brette, 20 miles SE. or St. Omer, and 120 N. of Paris. Betisford, Suffolk, near Ipfwich. Bet ley, a town of Stafford fhire, about 5 miles from Newcaftle and Namptwich, 26 miles NNW. of Stafford, and 156 from London. Market on Tuefday. Betlis, or Bedlis, a town of Afia, capital of Curdiftan, on the frontiers of Turkey and Perfia, but fubje£f to neither, and an afylum for the fubje6ls of the neigh- bouring powers. It is the refidence of a bey, who commands an army of 20 or 2.5,000 horfemen, befides infantry; and is fituated between two high mountains, 100 miles E. of Diarbek. Lat. 37, 30. N. Ion. 42. 50. E. Betlunfirey, or Bethmyjley , Yorkfh. be- tween Skipton and Ri pley . Betonet, Cornw. S. of Launcefton. Betsfcrd, near Notting- ham. Betftanger , Kent,, near Knowlton. Bettelej , Nort. 6 miles SW. of Repeham. Betlefcomb, Dorfetf. 1 mile from Pillelden, and 9 NW. of Bridport. Bcttejley , Glouc. between the Severn and the Foieftof Dean. Baton, Shropf. N. of Drayton. Belton , Shropi. SE. of Shrewfbury. Bettus, Meri- onethf. 6 miles from Bala. Bettus, Monm. 5 miles W. of Caerleon. Bettus, Shropf. rear Radnorshire and the river Temde. Bettus Chapel, Monm. on the borders of Brecknocki. Bettus Nevoith, Monm. on the river, and near the town of Ufke. Betuwe, Betuve, or Betavv, a territory of Dutch Guelderland, fituated between the rivers Maefe and Leek, and luppofed to have given name to the ancient Batavia. Betwortb, Warvv. near SoJyhull. Bct- iyways, Caernarvonfhire, 10 miles SE. of Abuconway. B E W Bevecum, a town of Brabant, 8 milt* SE. of Louvain. Beveland, N. and S. two iflands of the United Provinces, in Zealand , between the E. and W. branches of the Scheldt. The latter is about 24 miles long and 7 wide. Bever, Kent, S. of Afhford. Bever- cotes, Nott. near Weft Markham. Bevergern, a town of Munfter, Weft- phalia. ^Beverley, a town in Yorkfhire, chiefly famous for it’3 minfter, a large ftrufture, founded by king Athelftan, but con fumed by fire, in 1188, and afterwards rebuilt: it is now a parochial church. The inhabitants trade in malt, oatmeal, and tanned leather, and here is a manu- fafture Eflex, NW. of Ingateftone, and 7 miles from Chelmsford. Blackmore, Heref. E. of the Golden Vale. Blackmore , Staff. NE. of Leek. Blackmore , Worcef. near Great and Little Malvern. Blackmore Park , Berks, S. of Wind for Foreft. Black - ney , Dorietf. 1 mile from Stoke Abbots. Blackpool, Lancaf. near Poulton, much re- lorted to for fea bathing. Black Sea, The, formerly the Eux- ine, is bounded on the W. by Romania, Bulgaria, and Befi'oabia; on the N* by the fea of Afoph and Taitary j oa the E. by B L A Circaffia and Georgia, and on the S. by Natolia. It is faid to be 3800 miles in circumference, receives many large rivers, and has not any difcernible flux or reflux. It lies between 41 and upwards of 46 de- grees N. lat. and bttween 32 and 41 E. Ion. Blackfiaff River, called alfo the Anna- dorn, in Down, U-lfter. Blackflon , Suflex, near Alborn and Woodmancote. Blackflon Hall , Durham, W. of Billingham. Black Tail, Eflex, below Canvey Ifland, or Leigh Road, is a great flioal or bank of fand, which runs out 3 leagues into the fea, and has a maft at the end of it, as a fea mark. It is called Shoe Beacon, from Shoebiiry Nefs, where it begins. Blackthorn, Oxf. on the E. bor- der of the county. Blacbuoall , Midd. E, of London, near Poplar. Blaekwater , Hants, between Bagfliot and Hartley Row. Blackwater Bay, Eflex, near Malden, where the Walfleet oyfters lie 5 the river Blackwater, which enters this bay, rifes in the N W. part of Eflex. Blackwater, a town of Armagh, in U 1 flex’, 66 miles from Dublin. Blackwater, in Wexford, Leinffer. Blackwater Bridge, in Kildare, Leinfter, 22 miles from Dublin. Blackwater Foot, in Down, Ulfter, 72 miles from Dublin. Blackwater , a river of Ireland, running from Kerry, through the counties of Cork and Wate» lord, jntoYoughall Bay. Black- water, a river of Armagh, failing into Lough Neagh. Blackwater , a river of Meath, falling into the Boyne at Navan. Blackwater, a river of Longford, falling into the Shannon, N. of Lanefborougij. Blackwater, a river .of Wexford, falling into the fea at Bannow Bay. Blackwell , Derbyf. in the High Peak, NW. of Bakewell. Blackwell, Derbyf. NE. of Alfreton. Blackwell, Durh. SW. of Darlington. Blackwell, Someffetf. 5 miles SW. of Bedminfter. Blackwell , Worcef. near Shipton. Bladen, Oxf. near Woodftock. Blading, York*'. N. Riding, on the river Swale. Blagdon, Devon f. near Torbay. Blagdon, Dorietf. near Cranborne. Blair Athol ; fee Athol. Blaifdon, Glouc. 3 miles from Mitchel Dean, 4 fromNewnhaven, and 8 from G I ou- cefter. Blaifc, St. Cornw. near St. Aufteb Blaisois, a ci-devant province of France, having Berry on the S. and Tou- raine on the W. the capital of which was Blois. It now forms the dept, of Loire and Cher. Blakcmore Forefl, Dorfetf. E. of Slier- bum. Blake n Hall, Chefh. iNW. of Chef- ter. Blakenham, Great and Little, Stiff. SE. of Needham. Blakeumore, York!'. N. 1 Ridings B L A Riding, N. of Pickering Foreft. Blahe- ney, Glouc. between the foreft of Dean and Gatcomb, on the Severn. Blaheney , Norf. near Lynn Regis. Blakeny> Norf. near Clay, now called Snitterby. Blakejley , Northamp. 6 miles SW. of Towcefter. Blahe-ivortbt Northumb. 6 miles NE. of Newcaftle. Blamont, a town in the dept, of Meurrhe, feated on the river Vezouze, 12 miles' E. of Luneville j alio a town in the dept, of the Doubs. Blanagnvent, Monmouthf. on the bor- ders of Brecknockfhire. Blanc, Lb, a town in the dept, of In- die, feated on the river Creufe, 35 miles E. of Poitiers. Blanc, Mont, formerly Savoy, a department of France, bounded on the W. by the Rhone, which parts it from Ain, on the N. by the Lake of Geneva, which parts it from Swifterland, on theE. by the Alps, which divide it from the Vallaisand Piedmont, and on the S. by the depart- ments of Upper Alps and Ifere. It is 83 miles in length, and 67 in breadth. The country is hilly, and the air cool ; but the foil is pretty fertile, and the mountains, which are not covered with fnow in win- ter, abound with paftures that feed a vaft number of cattle. There is alfo a great deal of game, among which are ftags, fal- low deer, roe bucks, wdld-boars, bears, m arm ours, hares, partridges, wood-cocks, pheafants, &c. The lakes abound with fiftt, and the inhabitants are induftrious and fober. The principal rivers are the Ifere, Arc, and At ve. Chamberry is the principal town. See Savoy. Blanc, Mont, one of the higheft mountains of the Alps, in that department of France to which it gives it’s name. It is diftinguilhed from the other mountains by having it’s fummit and fides clothed, to a confiderable depth, by a mantle of fnow, almoft without the intervention of the leaft rock to break the glareof the white appear- ance ; it is from this circumftance that it is called Mont Blanc. It rifes 15,662 feet above the level of the fea, which is 414 feet higher than the Peak of Teneriff. The fummit was deemed inacceflible till 1786, when Paccard afcended it, as did Saufture in 1787. The barometer on the fummit was down to 16 inches 1 line. Blanca, a fmall ifland, a little N. of Margaritta, near the coatt of Terra Firma ; and a fmall ifland in the Gulf of Mexico, 6 miles SSE. of Vera Cruz. Bianchland , Northumb. 'on the borders of Durham. BLE Blanco, a cape of Peru, on theS. Sea* Lat. 3. 45. S. Ion. 83. o. W. Blanco, Cape, on the W. coaft of Africa, N. of the river Senegal. Lat. 20. 55. N. Ion. 1 7. 5. VV. Alfo 11 other capes, more or lefs noted, in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Sic. *' Sl andfo r.d, a handforne and popu- lous town of Dorfetfhire, condfting of about 400 hoilfes, and having- a manu failure of fhirt buttons, of which more are made here than in any other part of England ; cloth alfo, and malt are made here. It is feated on the river Stour, 18 miles NE. of Dor- chefter, and 104 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Blanes, or Blanda, a fea-port of Catalonia. Blanet. See Port Louis. Blankenberg, a town of Berg, Weft- phalia 5 a town and principality of Brunf- wick Wolfenbuttle, Lower Saxony ; and a lea- port of Flanders, 10 miles NE. of Oftend. Blankenhetm, a town and county of Treves, Weftphalia. Blanhney , Line. NE. of Sleaford. Blaregnies. See Malplaquet. Blarney , in Munller, 3 miles W. of Cork, and 128 from Dublin. Blafey , St. Cornw. 5 miles from Fowey, Blafe Chapel, St. Glouc. between Henbuiy and Weftbury. Blafon , Leic. near Hal- laton. Blasques, a clufter of fmall iflands } 12 in number, but 4 of them are only rocks, off Dingle Bay, in Kerry, Munfter. Lat. 52. o. N. Ion. 10. 40. W. Blaueeuren, a town and fmall bai- liwick of Wirtemburg, in Suabia, Blaugherby , Leicefterfhire, near Afhby- de-la- Zouch. Blawith, Lancashire, N. of Ulverfton. B/axball, Suffolk, between Orford and Framlingham. Blaydon , Dur* ham, W. of Newcaftle. Blaye, a fea-port town in the dept, of Gironde, lituated on the liver Gironde, which is here 3800 yards wide, near it’s confluence with the Dordogne. Veflels depofit their arms and cannon here, before they proceed to Bourdeaux. It is 17 miles N. of Bourdeaux. Blayfon , Gloucef. NW. of Weftbury. Bleachley , Bucks, W. of Fenny Stratford. Bleacbley , Monmouthf. at the mouth of the Wye. Blakef-ware , Herts, near Ware. Bleane , Kent, 4 miles NW. of Canter- bury. Bleajbey , Nott. a hamlet of South- well. Blecbingley, Surry, 5 miles from Ryegate. Blechington y 6 miles from Ox- ford. Blech Halit Cumb. S. of Carlifle... Blech Hall , Midd. on- the Lea river, oppo- H ftte B L O fite Chigford in Eflex. Bledlow, Bucks, between Prince’s Rifborough and Oxford- fhire. Bleddington , Gloucef. 4 miles SE. of Stow on the Would. Blegon , Somerf. 7 miles from Huntipiil. Blencogo, Cumb. in the parifli of Bromfield. Blencow, Magna and Parasa, Cumb. in the parifli ofDacor. Blencragg, or B liner ake Hall, Cumb. near Gilcrois. Blendwortb , Hants, between Porti'mouth and Petersfield. Blen - go , Cumb. a river running into the Irt, near Irton. Blenheim, a village in Suabia, memo- rable for a vi&ory gained over the French and Bavarians, under Marechal Tallard, Count Marlin, and the Elector of Bavaria, by the allies, under the Duke of Marlbo- rough and Prince Eugene, Aug. 2, 1704. In this celebrated battle ic,ooo French and Bavarians were left dead on the field, the greater part of 30 fquadrons of horfe and dragoons perilhed in the Danube, and about 13,000 (including Marechal Tal- lard) and many other officers of diftin&ion, were made prisoners. Of the allies, about 4500 men were killed, and about 8000 wounded. Blenheim is 8 miles SW. of Donawert. Blenheim Houfe , Oxf. near Wocdftock, a magnificent palace, built for the firft duke of Marlborough, at the expence of the nation, in commemoration of the above- mentioned vi&ory ; fee Woodstock. Blenkarn, Cumb. 4 miles NW. of Apple- by. BlenkenJ})ip, Northumb. near the Pifts’ Wall, on the edge of Cumb. Blen- nerhaffet, Cumb. parifli of Torpenhoe. *Blessington, a town of Wicklow, in Leinfter, pleafantly feated on a riling ground, near the Liffey, 14 miles SW. of Dublin. Bletarn, Weftm. NW. of- Kirby Lojof- dale. Bletchington , SufTex, near Brighr- helmftone. Bletchington , SufTex, N. of Eaftbourn. Bletherwick , Northamp. near King’s Cliff. Bletfoe, Bedf. on the Oufe, between Bedford and Odehill. Blewberry, Berks, near Wallingford. Blew Houfe , Midd. W. of Enfield Chafe. Bleydon , Somerf. near Uphill. Bilborough, Line. S. of Kirton. Blickling, Norf. near Alefham. Blideflow, or Blilejlow , Gloucefterf. near Aw re. Blimhill, Staff. W. of Penkridge. Blijland , Cornw. S. of Temple Moor. Blith, a town of Nottinghamfhire, 23 miles NNW. of Newark, and 146 N. by W. of London. Market on Thurfday. Blithfield, Staff, near Paget’s Bromley. Blitbfc^d, Stiff. E. of Halefworth. Blith Hall t Warw. near Shuflock. Bliton, Line. W. of Bliborough. Bleckfield, Surry, near E, Grinftcad. Bhckley t 3. village of BOB Worcef. though encompaffed by Gloucef. It is 7 miles SE. of Evefham. Blockley , Gloucef. between Stow and Camden. Blockzyll, a town of Overyffel, fi- tuated at the mouth of the river Aa, on Zuyder Zee, where there is a good har- bour, 8 miles SW. of Stenwick. Lat. 52. 44. N. Ion. 5. 49. Ei. Blotlwal, Shropf. S. of Ofweflry. Blod- worth, Nott. S. of Sherwood Foreft. BLOis,an ancient and handfome city in the dept, of Loire and Cher, once the abode of the kings of France. The fpcflator is ftruck with the idea of an amphitheatre, in feeing the manner in which ihe ftreets are difpofed, like rows of feats one above an- other againlt the hill. Here are fome fine fountains and a new bridge, one of the beft in France. The Flench language is thought to be fpoken here with the greateft parity. It has manufactures of ferges and ticking, and a commerce in wines and bran- dy. Blois is pleafantly feated on the river Loire, in a fine country, 47 miles NE. of Tours, and 100 SW. of Paris. Lat. 47. 35. N. Ion. x. 25. E. Bloneiz, or Broneiz, a town of Tfcherfk, in Poland. Blore Hall , Staff, near Okeover. Blore Heath t Staff, on the borders of Shtopf. Blojlenhim, Cornwall, NW. of Saltafh. Blowfield , 4 miles NE. of Norwich. Blow Norton, Norf. SE. of E. Harling. Bloxham , Oxf. near Banbury. Bloxham, Line, near Sleaford. Bloxwich, Staff. NW. of Walfal. Bloxworth, Dorfetf. 4 miles E. of Bere. Blundolejhay , Dorfetf. in the parifli of Whitchurch. Blundefdott , Suffolk, NW. of Leoftoff. Blund's Court, Oxf. SW. of Henley. Blungoed, Monm. 6 miles SW. of Abergavenny. Blunham, Bedf. 4 miles W. of Potton. Blunfdon Broad, Bury St. Andrews, Wilts, between Cricklade and Berks. Blunjham , Hunt. S. of Erith. Blurton, Staff. 2 miles SE. of Newcaftle under Line. Blyfoog , a river in Pembrokf. Blyfworth, between North- ampton and Towcefter. Blytbborough, Suff. on the Blythe, Blythe , a river in Warw. which runs into the Tame about a mile from Colefhill ; another in Suff. which runs into the German Ocean at South- wold j a third in Northumberland, which runs into the Tea near Blyth, or Blythnook , a fraall fea port of Northumb. between Hartley and Newbiggin, trading in coals and faltj and a fouith of Staffurdf. which runs into the Trent 4 miles NE. of Lich- field. Bobbing , Kent, near Sittingbourn. Bobenhausen, a town of Upper Heffe, 3 miles from Frankfort on the Maine. Bobingtoth BOG Bobington, StafFordf. on the borders oP ShropC. Bobing'ivortb, EfFex, NE. of Epping Foreft. Bobbio, a town and diftri£l of the Mi- lanefe, liruated on the Trebia. BoBio y or Biobio, a river of Chili, which runs into the Pacific Ocean, in lat, 3 7- S. ... BoCaT, a fine valley of Syria, in which are fituattd the lplendid ruins of Bnlbec. Bocca Chica, the entrance into the harbour of Carthagena, in S. America. Bocca del Drago, a (trait between Trinidad Ifle and Paria, in Terra Firma. Bochampton, 3 miles NE. of Dorchefter. Bocharia. See Bokhara. Bochetta, a chain of mountains, in the territory of Genoa, over wnich there is a road, to Lombardy} the pafs on the peak of the highelt mountain, which is fo narrow as hardly to admit three men to go abreaft, is alio called Bochetta. Bockham , Magna and Parva , Surry, near Leatherhead, 5 miles from Guildford. Bockenficld , Northumb. near Eland. Bock- ing, Elfex, near Braintree, from which it is only parted by a fmall ftream : it is noted for the manufacture of baize. Boc- kleton , Wore. S. of Tenbury. Boconnock , Cornwall, SE. of Leftwithiel. Bockton Aluph, Kent, NW. of Wye. Bofion Malkerb . Kent, SW. of Lenham. Botton Street , Kent, E. of BoClon under Blean. BoEton under Blean, Kent, 5 miles W. of Canterbury. Boden , Lane, near Man- chefter. Bodinton , between Gloucefter and Cheltenham. Bodiam, Suflex, 9 miles N.of Winchelfea. Bodham, Norf. near Holt. Bodicot, Oxf. near Banbury. Bodington , Huntingdonf. near Bugden. Bodington, Northamptonf. N. of Chipping Warden. Bod.ifham Hall , near Cambridge. ♦Bodmin, a town of Cornwall, 31 miles NE. of Falmouth. Near it are thofe monumental ftones called the Hurlers, which ftand on a down in 3 circles, and are fuppofed, by Dr. Stukeley, to be the remains of an ancient Druid temple. Mar- ket on Saturday. Bodregen , Cornw. on Trewardreth Bay. Bodrigy, Corn, near St. Ives Bay. Bodrog, a town of Hungary, fituated on the Danube, 30 miles SE. of Colocza. Boeschot, a town of Brabant. Boo, a river which rifes in Podolia, and runs into the Dnieper a little above Otchakow. Boglio, or Beuil, a town, and moun- tainous county of Savoy, about 21 miles NNW. of Nice. Bognor, Suffex, on the coaft near Selfey. BogotO; the capital of New Granada, B O L in Terra Firma, near which are gold mines. Lat. 4. o. N. Ion. 73. 53. W. Bohemia, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the W. by Bavaria, Franconia, and Upper Saxony ; on the N. and NE. by Mifnia, Lufatia, and Silefia; on the E. by Sdefia and Moravia} and on the S. by A11- ftria. It is 200 miles in length, and 150 in breadth, is fertile in corn and palfure, and has feveral forefts, in which there is a variety of wild animals. In the moun- tains there are mines of gold, filver, cop- per, tin, iron, and lead, and in fome parts, precious (fonts of different kinds are found. The language of the Bohemians is the Sclavonic, with a mixture of the German ; their profefiion of religion, the Romifii : here are feversl Proteltants and Jews. The capital is Prague. It is fub- jeft to the Houfe of Aulfria. Boiano, a town of Molifo, Naples. Bois le Due, or Hertogenbosch. a city of Dutch Brabant, capital of a dif- tri< 5 t called Maajory , which comprehends 3 cities and 102 villages. It is leated among morafies, between the rivers Dom- mel and Aa, 22 miles ENE. of Breda, 45 NE. of Antwerp, and 45 SSE. of Amfter- dam. Bokhara, the capital of Great Bokha- ria, Bocharia, or Bucharia, which is a well-cultivated country, of W. Tartaty, the ancient Sogdiana, having little Bu- charia on the E. Hindoolfan an i Perfia cn the S. and a part of Perfia and the Cafpian Sea on the W. It is a large, populous place, feated on a rifing ground : the hbufes are low, and rnoftiy built of mud, but the caravanferas and mofques, which are nu- merous, are of (lone. Great numbers of Jews and Arabians frequent this place: but the khan leizes on their pofteffions at his pleafure. It is 100 miles W. by S. of Samarcand. Lat. 39. 15. N. Ion. 65. 50, E. Bokharia, Little, a country of Tartary, having Thibet and Hindooftan on the S. and Chinefe Tartary on the E. Yarkian is the capital. Bolaecla, one of the'Society Ifiands, about 7 leagues in circumference. Lat. 16. 32, S. Ion. 151. 52. W. Bolam , Northumb. 5 miles SW. of Mor-* peth. Belas Magna, Sbropfiiire, 7 miles NW. of Newport. Bolbrcke,' Sufi. 3 milts from Eaft Qrinllead. Bold, Lane. SE. of Prefect. Bolden, Durh. 2 miles from Sun- derland, and 3 from Shields. Bdderkurjt , and Boldre , Hants, both in the New Fo- rdt. Bole Hall , Warw. a han Lt in the parifh of Tamworth. Boleslaw, or Buntzlau, a to in Carlow, Leinfter. *Borris, or Burros in Ossory, in Queen’s County, Leinfter. Borrifokeen, in Tipperary, Munfter. Borrifoleagh , in Tipperary. Borrodale, in the SE. part of Cum- berland, bopdering on Weftmorbmd, a ro- mantic valley among Derwent-water fells. Thefe fells or hills are fome of the loftieft in England, and it is in one of them that the black lead, or wad, is found, where- with almoftall the world is fupplied : the mines are opened only once in 'even years, and when a lufficient quantity of this valu- able and Angular mineral is taken out, they are carefully clofed again. In travelling among thefe mountains, the idea that pre- fents itfelf to the aftoniftied fpe6lator, is that of the earth having been in an uproar, like the ocean in a ftorm; the hills appear like waves rifing one behind another, and were it not for the abrupt and ludden (carps, the immenfe mafles of rugged rocks that give the idea of fixednefs and (lability, the bewildered fancy might be fo loft as to ima- gine they were in a fiate of undulation, ami ready to mingle with each other. The beautiful Vale of Borrodale is watered byj the cleareft brooks, which, precipitate! ironr BOS from the hills, and, forming many beau- tiful waterfals, meet together in the dale, and, forming one large Itream, pafs out of the dale under the name of Borrodale- Beck, when it’s waters fpread out into an ex- panfive Jake, containing feveral beautiful illands. This lake is calledDerwentwater, or Kefwick Lake. Borrodale is 4 miles from Kifwick, in palling from which, the traveller lias the lake on his right hand, and Itupendous, rocky precipices on his left ; huge ftones, or rugged mafles of rock, which have tumbled from above, lie fcattercd along his way. As he ap- proaches the dale, he fees the ledges of the rocks covered with herbage, Ihrubs, and trees 5 villages 2nd farms arife upon his yiew, the larger cattle are leen feeding in the lower grounds, and the Iheep, in largeflocks, upon the mountains. BorronUy Cornwall, S. of Stratton. Borro'wjlounnefs , or Bonefs , a village on the S. fide of the Frith of Forth, in the Aire of Linlithgow. It has numerous colheries and falt-woiks, and a good pier and harbour lately made. Borjlil, SulTex, near Ticehurft. Borfty, SufTex, SW. of Alhdown Foreft. Bortov, near Buckingham. Bcrton on Dunfmore, Warw. Borivick, Lane, between the ri- vers Docker and Lune. Bos a, a fea-port, on the W. coaft of Sardinia, in Jat. 40. o. N. Bojbury , Heref. near Ledbury. Boscastle, a town of Cornwall, fitu- atedon the Bridol Channel, They export flats, dug in the neighbouring quarries, to Briftol. Market on Thurfday. Bofca-zv-lBoan , Cornw. at the Land's End. Here is a remarkable monument of antiquity j it) ftones, fixed in a circle, about 12 feet diftant from one another. Bosco, or Egschj, in the Milanefe. Bofcobel, Shropf, near White Ladies, in the parifh of Tong. It’s grove is noted for the oak in which Charles II. was hid, and faw the parliament foldiers pafs by, in queft of him, after the battle of Worcefter. Bcfcomb, Wilts, 3 miles SE, of Aylelbu- ry, and 9 from Sarum. Bofeham , SulTex, between Chichefter and Thorney Iile. Bofgraf Middlewich. * Boston, a large, well-built town, of Lincolnlhire, feated on both iides of the ri- ver Witham, by means of which, much af- fifted by navigable canals, it carries on a confiderable trade to London, and l’ome to the Baltic, Sec. The church fpire is ve- ry lofty, and a noted Tea-mark. It has a fair, December 11, that holds nine days, for cattle and nwchandife, called a mart; an ancient name, only ufed for this town, Gainlborough in Lincolnlhire, Lynn Re- gis in Norfolk, and for Beverley and Hea- don in Yorklhire. Bofton is 37 miles SE. of Lincoln, and 1 15 N. of London. Mar- kets on Wednefday and Saturday. Bojion, Middl. W. of Little Ealing. Boston, the capital of Maflachufets Bay, in N. America, feated on a penin- fula, at the bottom of a fine bay, contain- ing many final! illands and rocks. It lies in the form of a crefcem about the harbour, and the country within, riling gradually, has a very fine and linking appearance, at entering. There is only one fafe channel to the harbour, and that lo narrow, that two fhips can fcarcely fail abreaft ; but within the harbour there is room for 500 fail to anchor, where they are covered by the cannon of a regular and very ftrong fort-refs. At the bottom of the bay is a pier near 2000 feet in length, to which Ihips of the greateft burden may come dole, and on the N. fide are warehoufes for the merchants. The ftreets are gene- rally fpacious and well built, particulaily the principal one, extending from the pier to the town-houfe. On the W. fide of the town is the Mail, a beautiful public walk. Befides the liate-houfe, and other public buildings, there are 16 churches, of various denominations. Tt is 310 miles NE. of Philadelphia. Lat. 42. 25. N. Ion. 70. 33. W. Bos worth, or Market- Bos worth, a town in Le ice ft crib ire, remarkable for a battle fought near it, Auguft 22, 1458, between Richard III. and the earl of Rich- mond, afterwards Henry VII. in which H 4 Richard BOT Richard was flain, and the earl of Rich- mond crowned in tiie field. It is feated on ahigh hill, 13 miles NW. of Leicefter, and to 6 NNW. of London. Market on Wednefdny. • Botadon , Cornwall, SW. of Launcefton. Botalleck , Cornw. 10 miles W. of St. Ives. Botany Bay, is a bay of New South Wales, on the E. coaft of New Holland, fo called by captain, then lieutenant Cook, from the great quantity of herbs found on the fhore, when discovered in 1770. It was originally fixed on for a colony of con- vi5ts from Great Britain ; but, in the fe- quel. Port Jackfon, 15 miles farther fo the N. was preferred. Lat. 34. o. S. Ion. 151. 2 2. E. Botckefton , Leicef. Botefdale , SufF. near Redgrave, 15 miles from Bury. Both all, N n thumb, near Morpeth. Bolhall , Staff. N. of Paget s Bromley. Both el, £umb. between Cockermouth and Wigton. Bo- themjkall , Derb. in the High Peak. Bo- th? -i~UnC on the coaft, to the E. of the promontory called St. Edmunds ; it was anciently Bra- nodunum, a confiderable city of the Ro- mans, and their coins have been frequent- ly dug up here. The contiguous lands are celebrated for producing excellent barley, and this place has fome traffic in the ex- portation of corn and malt. Here is laid to be the larged malt-houfe in all England. Branchon, a town of the Netherlands, feated on the river Mehaigne, 8 miles N. of Namur. Brandeis, in Koningratz, Bohemia. Branden , Northumberland, on the river Breamifh, SE. of Cheviot Hills. Brandenburg, the Marche of, a country of Germany, bounded on the W. by BRA by Lunenburg ; on the N. by Pomerania and MeckJer>burg; on the S. by Silefia, Lufatia, duchy of Saxony, and Magdeburg; and on the E. by Poland andPolifh Prul- fia. It is divided into 5 principal parts ; the Old Marck, or Marche, Pregnitz, the Middle Marche, Ucker Marche, and the New Marche. The greater part of the in- habitants are Lutherans; but there are aifo Romanifts. Berlin is the capital ; and the principal rivers are the Elbe, Ha- vel, Sprey, Ucker, and Warte. Brandenburg, a city of Upper Sax- ony, divided into the Old and New Town, by the river Havel. It is a profperous, trading place, 26 miles W. of Berlin. Brandenburg, a town of Natangen, Fruflia, 12 miles SW. of Koningfberg. Brandenburg, New, a town of Mecklenburg, 48 miles W. of Stettin. Brandejlon, Suffolk, near Glemham. Brandlejham , Lancaf. N. of Bury. * Brandon, a town in Suffolk, between Newmarket and Swaffham. It is featrj on the Lefler Oufe, over which it has a bridge; and, at a mile diftance, a ferry, whereby corn, malt, timber, iron, &c. are convey- ed to and from the Ifle of Ely. It is 12 miles N. of Bury, and 78 NE. of London. Brandon , Warw. between Rugby and Coventry. Brandon, Line. S. of Newark. Brandon, Siiropf. E. of the river Temde. Brandon , E. and W. Durh. W. of Sunder- land. Brandon , Paraja, Norfolk, E. of Dereham. Brandon Hill, in Kerry, Munfter. Brandjhurton , Yorkf. E. Riding, near Fordiingbam, in Holdernefs. Brane, a ri- ver in Carmarthen!’, and another in Breck- nock!. Branham, Yorkf. near Tad caller. Brankefton, Northumb. between Flodden Hill and the Tweed. Branhfey ljland\ fee Brovunfea. Branfaugh, Northumb. near' Akelinton. Branjby, Yorkf. S. of Hovingham. Branfcomh, Devonf. 3 miles S. of Culliton. Branfdale , Yorkfh. N. Riding, between Bafedale and Rofedale Abbeys. Bransford Bridge, Leic. on the river Swift and borders of Northamptonf. BraNSK, a town of Bielfk, in Poland. Branfpeth Cajlle , among the hills SW. of Durham, on the W. fide of the Wear. Branjlill Cajlle , Heref. E. of Ledbury. Branjlon, Staff, on the Trent, SW. of Burton. Branfton , Norf. E. of Repeham. Branjlon , near Lincoln. Branfvjell, Line, near Temple Bruere. Brant, a river in Anglefea. Brant- Broughton, Line. W. of Lincoln Heath. Brantham , Suffolk, near Deadham. Branthingham , Yorkf. between S. Cave and Hull. Branthingthorp , Leic, NE. of Lutterworth. Branthingthorp IVejl - BRA cot, near Leiceffer. Brantoft , Durh. near Grefham. Branton, Devonf. near Raleigh. Branton , Northumb. 6 miles W. of Ala wick. Branton, Weftm. NE. of Apple- by. Brantfnap , Suffex, W. of Cuck field* Brajborongh, Line. N. of Market D-ep- ing. Brafcot , Leic. W. of Hog’s Norton. Brafewell, Yorkfh. W. Riding, 3 miles E. of Gifborne. Brasil, a large country of S. Ameri- ca, on the £. between the equinc&ial and 35. o. S. lat. and between 35 and 60 de- grees W. Ion. extending from the river of Amazons, to that of La Plata, a length of coaft, through all it’s windings, of above 3000 miles. It is bounded on the W. by Paraguay and Amazonia ; it’s other boun- daries are formed by the great Atlantic Ocean. The air of this country is tem- perate and wholefome ; the foil is fertile, producing immenfe quantities of fugar, alfo tobacco, brafil-wood, Indian corn, and feveral forts of fruits and drugs ; their beafts, birds, and fifhes are various, and within the country there are gold, and feveral forts of precious ftones. The Por- tuguefe chiefly inhabit the coaft. The residence of the viceroy, till of late years, was at Sr. Salvador, but is now at St. Se- baftian. The natives, or aborigines, are divided into feveral nations or tribes, as the Tupinamboes, Tohajaras, Petiguaras, Tapayas, &c. and (peak different lan- guages. They are of a copper colour, and have black hair like the other Americans. They who live near the coal!, copy the European manner of drefs 5 thofe in the interior, content themfelves with a cover- ing round their middle. Brajfa , one of the Shetland Ifies, about 4 miles long and 2 broad. Brajfa Sound , which feparates it from the main land of Shetland, is one of the beft and largeft harbours in the world. The inhabitants fit out 26 large fifiiing boats. Brassaw. See Cronstat. Brajled. Kent, NE. of Weltram. Brat- forton, Worcef. E. of Evefham. Braitk- •vjaite, Cumb. S. of Inglewood Foreft. Braithwaite, near Kefwick, at the foot of the mountain road leading to Cocker- mouth. Brathwell, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Tick Hill. Bratley, Lane, near Ambldide, in Weftm. Bratoft, Line. NE. of Spilfby. Brattkby, Line, near Scampton. Brat- ton, Shropf. E. of Little Wenlock. Brat- ton, Shropf. S. of Apley Caftle. Bratton, Somerfetf. near Shepton Montaigne and Wincaunton. Bratton Cajlle, Wilts, E. of Weftbury. Bratton Clovelly, Devonf. W. of Okehampton. Bratton Fleming , Dcvonfhire, near Chulmley. Braubach, BRE xJraubach, a town of HefTeDarmftadt. JBraughing, Herts, N. of Puckeridge. BraunaW, a town in the duchy of Bavaria, ceded to the hohfe of Auftria, by the treaty of Tefchen, in 1779. Braun sperg, a lea-port of Ermeland, Prufiia ; and a town of Wied Runkel, Weftphalia. Braunsfeld, a town of Solmes, in the circle of the Upper Rhine. Braunsford , 3 miles from Worcefter. Braunjion , Rutland, near Oakham Soke. Braunjion , near Leicefter. Braunjion, JLeicei. between Waltham in the Would and Belvoir Callle. Brava, a fea-port of Ajan, or, as fome fay, Zanguebar, in lat. o. 45. N. Brava, or St. John, one of the Cape de Verd Illands, containing fcarcely 300 inhabitants. The land is very high, and confifts of mountains, which look like py- ramids. Oranges and lemons grow in great plenty, and they cultivate maize, gourds, water melons, potatoes, &c. Horfes, cows, afles, and hogs are nume- rous, there is plenty of fifli on the coaft, the earth yields a great proportion of falt- petre, and there are many vitriolic fprings. It is alfo remarkable for it’s excellent wines, and is 4 leagues WSW. of Fuego, in Jat. 14. 45. N. Bravonjlon, near Lincoln. Braxted , Magna and Parva , Elfex, NE. of Wi- tham. Bray, a fea-port of Wicklow, Lein- jfter, 13 miles N. of Wicklow, and 10 S. of Dublin. Bray, Berks, on the Thames, 1 nple from Maidenhead, famous for it’s change- able vicar, who having been twice a papift and twice a proteftant, in the reigns of Henry VIII. Edward VI. Mary, and Elizabeth, was accufed of being a turn- foatj but he replied, that he -always ftuck faft to his principle, which was, to live and die vicar of Bray l Bray , a river in Devon!’. which runs into the Mole, near Wortley. Brayan, a river in Pembrokef. which runs into the Towy, near Cardigan. Brayfield Could, Bucks, beyond Olney* Bray High, Devonf. 4 miles E. of Barn- itaple. Brayne, Somerf. on the coatf, S. of the river Axe. Brainsford , Worcef. a hamlet to Powick. Brayton, "V orkf. W. Biding, S. of Selby. Brayton , Cumberl. near Afpatrick. Brayvoick, Berks, near Maidenhead. Brazza, a town and ifland, 30 miles long and 9 broad, on the coat! of Dalma- tia, oppofite Spalatro. Breage , Cornw. 3 miles MW. of Hel- B R E lion. Breakfpear , Middl. Bear Uxbridge Bream, Gloucefterf. in the parifh of New. land. Brearidge, Northumberland, near Witchefter. Brearton, Durham, SW. of Hartlepool. Brearton, Yorkshire, 4 miles N. of Knarefborough. Brechin, a town of Angus, with a manufacture of linen and cotton, and a confidcrable tannery. It is 45 miles NE, of Edinburgh. Market on Tuetday. * Brecknock, or Brecon, a large, populous toyvn of S. Wales, the capital of Brecknockthire, leafed at the confluence of the rivers Honddey and Ufk. The lioufes are well built; it has a good trade in clothing, and it’s markets are well fup- plied with cattle, corn, and other provi- fion'S. It is 34 miles NW. by W. or Monmouth, and 162 W. by N. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Brecknockshire, a county of South Wales, 39 miles in length, and 27 in breadth. It has 4 market towns, 6 hun- dred, 61 parifhes, and upwards of 30.000 inhabitants. It is bounded on the W. by Carmarthenfhire and Cardiganthire; on the N. and NE. by Rad north ire ; on the E. by Radnorfhire, Hereford (hire, and Monmouththire; and on the S. by Gla- morganthire and Monmouththire. It is very mountainous, but has large fertile plains and valleys ; it’s principal rivers are the Wye, the Ufk, and the Yrvon. Breda, a large, ftrong, and beautiful city, of Dutch Brabant, containing teveral public buildings, 4 fpacious market places, which are plentifully fupplied with freth and fait water fith, and about 2200 houfes. It is feated on the‘ rivers Aa and Merck, 22 miles W. by S. of Bois le Due, 22 NE. of Bergen op Zoom, 25 NNE. of Antwerp, and 60 S. of Amfterdam. Bredagb , in Down, Uifter. Bredbury , Chef. E. of Stockport. Ber- deley, Staff . Manor of Alton. Brederale , Head and Foot , Weftm. both near Orton. Bred f eld, Sulf. between Woodbridge and Dalinghoe. Bredgar, Kent, near Sitting- burn. Bredicot, a little E. of Worcefter. Bredlesford , Hants, in the IHe of Wight. Bredon, Worcef. at the foot of Breden- Hills, towards Tewkefbury. Bredvuardin, Hcref. 2 miles W. of Mockas. Breda , Parva , Dorfetf- N. of Abbotfbury. Breed,' Suffex, NW. of Winchelfea. Breedon on the Hill , Leicef. near Stanton Harold. Bregentz, a county, town, and river of Suabia, but annexed to the circle of Auftria, having the Tyrolefe and bifhop- rick of Augfburg on the E. and the Rhine and Lake of Conftance on the W. Brehar> Brehar, or Bkyer, one of the Scilly Iflands. It is rocky and mountainous, with but tew inhabitants. Br f Tredegar. Bridekirk, Cumb. 3 miles N. of Cocker- mouth. Bridenbury , Heref. near Bromyard. Bride River , in Cork, Munfter. Bride's , St. near Caernarvon Caftle; Bridge, Weftmor. near Appleby. Bridge, Kent, 4 miles SE. of Canterbury. Bridge Court, lfle of Wight, in E. Medina. Bridgeford , Devonf. 4 miles E. of Cheg- ford. Bridgemore, Chefh. 6 miles SE. of Namptwich. Bridgend, a populous town of Gla- morganfhire, feated on the river Ogmore, 7 miles W. by N. of Cowbridge, and 178 W. of London. Market on Saturday. Brid^erevel, Devonf. W. of Houlfwor- thy. Bridgeford, Eafl, or on tbe Hill , Nott. N. of Bingham. Bridgeford, Wefl, \ near Nottingham. Bridg/ord, Great and j Little , 3 miles NW. of Stafford. Bridg - ' bam , Norf. near E. Harling. *Bridgenorth, a town of Shropfhire, feated on the Severn, which divides it into ; two parts, joined by a ftone bridge. The ftreets are broad- and paved, and it’s fitu- ation is commodious for trade. It’s fairs, which fall on the Thtirfday before Shrove Sunday, June 30th, Auguft 2d, and Off. 2,9th, are much reforted to for cattle, ftieep, butter, cheefe, bacon, linen cloth, hops, and other merchandize. The laft, which holds 3 days, is the largeft. It is 20 miles nearly W. of Birmingham, and 139 NW. of London. Market on Saturday. Bridgerule , Cornwall, bordering on De- vonftiire. Bridgefellers, W. of Hereford. Bridge/lock , Northampton!, near Oundle. Bridgetown , Warw. near Stratford upon Avon. Bridgetown, B R I Bridgetown, in. Cork, Munfter. Bridge- town, in Clare, Munfter. Bridgetown, the capital of Barba- does, fituated in the SW. part of the ifland, on Carlifle Bay, which is capable of containing 500 (hips. The town lies at the entrance of St. George’s Valley, which runs feveral miles into the country. Here is a free-fchool, an hofpital, and a college. The houfes, about 1500 in number, are very elegant, the ftreets are broad, and the wharfs and quays commodious and well fortified. This is the feat of the gover- nor, council, alfembly, and court of chan- cery. Lat. 13. 5. N. Ion. 58. 38. W. * Bridgewater, a town of Somerfet- fhire, containing about 500 houfes, and 3000 inhabitants. The ftreets are wide and well paved. It (lands 12 miles from Start Point, where the Parret runs into the Briftol Channel j from whence a fpring tide flows 22 feet at the quay, at which time itru(hes with much violence and roar- ing; the perpendicular height, as it preffes along, being feveral feet. This i'udden rage of the tide is called the Boar, and is frequent in all the livers of the channel, efpecially in the Severn. Ships of 200 tons burden come up to the town. They import, in large trows, the manufaflures of Manchefter, Liverpool, Birmingham, &c. which are conveyed from hence, in wag- gons, for the internal parts of Devonlhire and Cornwall. About 4.0 veffels, from 30 to 100 tons, are employed in bringing coals from Wales to this place. The du- ties on cuftom houfe imports amount to about 2500I. a year. It is feated on the river Parrot, 31 miles SSW. of Briftol, and 137 W. by S. of London. Markets on Thurfday and Satuiday for corn, cat- tle, &c. and particularly for cheefe. *Bridlington, or Burlington, a fea -port of Yorkfhire, feated on a pretty large bay, near Flamborough Head, it has a commodious quay for (hips, and is a place of good trade. It is 36 miles N. of Hull, and 208 NE. of London,. Market on Saturday. *Bridport, a fmall, neat town, in Donetlhire. It has a fafe port for about 40 velTels, 'and (lands on a little hill near the Englifh Channel. The number of houfes i Brijley, Norfolk, near Lytcham. Brif- lington , Somerf. near Briftol. Brissac, a town in the dept, of Maine and Loire, feated on the river Aubence, 13 miles S. of Angers. * Bristol, a city and fea-port, partly in Qlcucefterihift', and partly in Somerfet- b r 1 (hire, to which laft it was accounted to belong, before it formed a feparate jurif- diftion. In wealth, trade, and popula- tion, it has long been reckoned the fecond in England ; the cuftom-houfe receipts for Liverpool, howtwer, have lately exceeded thofe of Briftol. It is feated at the con- fluence of the Avon and Frome, about 10 miles from the place where the Avon dif- charges itfelf into the Severn. Ships of conftderable burden come up to the quays, and their trade is extenfive; fending 2000 fliips yearly to different parts of the world. The ftreets are moftly narrow, but here are fome elegant fquares, and the new parts of the town are magnificent, they are built of ftone, and much in the fame ftyle as Bath. Like it, they alfo extend, range above range, till they have nearly reached the fummit of the hill, againft which the Gloucefter fide of the city ftands. The profpetts in the vicinity of Briftol are de- lightful, and the banks of the Avon, the lofty rocks, through which it finds a pafif- age to the fea, covered with herbage and trees, and prefeming the moft awful preci- pices, are highly romantic. They have plenty of coal from King’s Wood and Mendip Hills, and the glal's houfes, foun- deries, fugar-works, &c. are numerous. They make life of fledges inftead of carts, ‘ which, from their weight and fri&ion, feem a heavy load in themfelves; neither do the horfes pull together, the hind horfe being perpetually raifing the fore part of the fledge, and the fore horfes perpetually pulling or prefling him to the ground. It ought to be obferved, however, that a part of the town having been built upon a mo- rafs, carts and waggons ate not allowed to ply there, from the apprehenfion of their fhaking and endangering the buildings. ; Briftol is 40 miles nearly S. of Hereford, 60 NE. of Exeter, 34 SW. by S. of Gloucefter, 50 SSW. of Worcefter, 12 WN W. of Bath, and 1 24 W. of London. Lat. 51. 28. N. Ion. 2. 36. W. Markets on Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday. Bristol, a county in the Hate of Maf- fachufets. .Bristol Channel. See Severn. Bristol, New, capital of the county of Bucks, in Pennfylvania, fituated on the river Delaware, 20 miles NE. of Philadel- phia. Brijlo'-w Caufeway , Surry, near Clap- ham. BriJlo Oxford!", near Banbury, Bruerton, of the duchy ot Brunlwick, and the refi- Staffordf. near Rugeley. deuce of the prince of Brunfwick Wolfen- Bruff, in Limerick, Munfter. buttle, feated on the river Ocker 7 miles Bruges, a large city of the ci-devant N. of Wolfenbuttle, and 47 WNW. ot Auftrian Flanders, formerly the Englifh Magdeburg. . ftaple for wool, and the centre of commu- Brunswick, a country in the circle nication between the Lombards and the of Lower Saxony, divided into four duchies Hanfeatic merchants. Hither the Lom- and two counties. The duchies of Brunf- bafds brought the produffs of India, and wick Proper, and Brunlwick Woltenhut- the manufaftures of Italy, and exchanged tie, with the counties of Rheinftein and them for the commodities of the north. Blanckenberg, are fubjeft to the duke ot It was then the greateft trading town in Brunfwick Wolfenbuttle, while the elec- Europe, every commercial nation of which tor of Hanover is duke of Brunfwick bada confulhere. But, in the i6thcentury, Grubenhagen and Brunfwick Galenberg, the civil wars, occafioned by the tyranny which alfo includes the duchy ot Gottin- of Philip II. drove the trade nr(i to Ant- gen. Brunfwick is fertile in corn and jverp, and then to Amfterdam. Bruges pafture, and has mines of copper, lead, is not therefore populous now in propor- See. It’s principal rivers are the Wtler, tion to it’s extent ; but it’s fituation ftill the Ocker, the Leyne, and the Ilmenau.. commands forne trade, as it communicates Brunswick, a town of Georgia, m bv canals with Ghent, Oftend, Sluys, N. America, where the Turtle River dii- Nieuport, Furnes, Ypres, and Dunkirk, charges itfelf into St. Simons Sound. It It is 3 miles nearly E. of Ortcnd. has a fafe and extenfive harbouiV capable Brugge, or Bruggen, a town of of containing the largeit Ihips. The town Hildefheim, in Lower Saxony', and a town is regularly laid out, but not completed, of Tuliers, Weftphalia. From it’s advantageous fituation, and the Brugban , a river of N. Wales, which fertility of the back country, it promi es runs into the Severn, about 2 miles above to be a great trading town. It is 70 miles Llandyllos, in Montgomeryfhire. SW. by W. of Savannah. Lat. 31 • i°* Brugneto, a town of Genoa. Ion. 82. o. W. Brumfield , Cumberland, 4 miles W. of Brunswick, a city of New Jeriey, m Wigton. Brumfield, Somerf. 5 miles from N. America, on the SW. bank of Raritan Taunton, and 5 SW. of Bridgewater. River, 12 miles above Perth- Amboy. The Brumham , 2 miles from Bedford. Brum - inhabitants have a confiderable iBian ham , Wilts, 4 miles NW. of Devizes, trade, and many (mail veffels. Here is alio Brumley , Northumb. between Newbiggen a flourifhing college, called Queen’s CoJ- and Newcaftle. Brumpton. Yorkf. near lege. Lat. 40. 20. N. Ion. 74. 10. . Northallerton. Brumpton . Yorkf. 5 miles Brunswick, New, the NW. div.hon SW. of Scarborough. Brumpton Ralph , °f Acadia, or Acadie, which, in 17 4, Somerfetfh. 2 miles SW. of Stokegomer. was divided into two governments. Nova Brumpton Regis, Somerf. 2 miles NE. of Scotia is now properly the pemnfuia j Dulvei ton. Brumfial , or Brunfal, Yorkf. New Brunfwick forms the reft of the main W, Riding, near Appletrewick. Brum - land E. of the river St. Croix, having Ca- fivelly Norf. 3 miles N. of Brandon Ferry, tiada on the W. and N. and the states ot Br undell. Lancashire, SW. of Houghton New York and New. England on the S. Tower. Brundal, 3 miles E. of Norwich. It’s capital is Frederick’s Town. Since Brunden, Eftex, near Sudbury. Brundijh , the conclufion of the American war, the guff. 4 miles NE.of Framlingham. Brun - emigration of loyalifts to this province, difh Hall , EfTex, 2 miles from Ongar. from the United States, has been conflder- Brunetto, a ftrong fortrefs in Pied- able. Large trails of land have been cu • mont, near Sufa. tivated, and feveral new towns laid out, Brunlefs, Brecknockf. near Crickhowel. among which are, Shelburne, Pa^Town, Brunn , Yorkf. in Howden wapentake. F)igby, and New Edinburgh. The pio- Brunn. See Brinn. vince is now rapidly advancing m popula- Brunsbuttle, a city of Holftein, in tion and fertility. . Lower Saxony, feated at the mouth of the Brunthorp, Line. 2 miles SE. ot A - Elbe, 13 miles NW. of Gluckftadt. ford. Brunton , Northumb. near Dunlta- Brunfa'w, Shropf. between Barlow and burgh Caftle, B U C Entry, in Limerick, Munfter. Brufebridge , Notting. near Workfop. Brujhford, Devonf. S. of Winkley. Bru - Jiard , Suff. 4 miles NE. of Framl Ingham. Brujketh, Cumb. a river running into the Eden, near Carlifle. Brussels, a large city in Flanders, capital of the late Auftrian Brabant, about 7 miles in circumference. The ftreets are fpacious, and the houfes pretty high. In Brufl'els are 7 lquares or market- places. The great market-place is ele- gant and beautiful. The public buildings are fumptuous, and here are numerous fountains. The Rivage is the lower part of the city, cut out into canals for the con- venience of /hipping, for which a canal has been cut from the Scheldt about 15 miles from Bru/Tels, which coft this city 1,800,000 dollars, and by which trech- fchuyts, or pa/Tage-boats, pafs between Bru/TeJs and Antwerp. Brulfels is cele- brated for it’s lace, camlets, and tapeftry. It is feated partly on an eminence, and partly on a fertile plain, on the river Senne, n miles S. of Antwerp, 26 SE. of Ghent, and 148 N. byE. of Paris. Lat. 50. 51. N. Ion. 4. 28. E. Bruton, a well-built, populous town, of Somerfet/hire, with nianufa&ures of ferges, dockings, matting, and filk throw- ing. It is feated on the river Brew, near it’s head, 12 miles SE. of Wells, and 109 W. of London. Market on Saturday. Bruyiers, a town in the dept, of the Vofges, 22 miles nearly S. of Luneville ; and a town in the dept, of the Aifne, 3 miles SE. of Laon. Bry, Brenv, or Brent , a "river in Somer- fet/hire, which riles in Selwood, on the borders of Wilt/hire, running W. near Glaftonbury, and falls into "the Rriftoi Channel, in Bridgewater Bay. Bryan's Bridge , in Clare, Mu nder, on the Shannon, 8 miles N. of Limerick. Bryanjlon, a few miles from Dublin. Bryn , Lancaf. near Wigan. Bryning, Lane. 5 miles SW. of Kirkham. Bryn- ton , Staff. N. of Bliinhill. Bua, or Isle of Partridges, a fmall ifland, on the coaft of Dalmatia, joined to the town of Trau by a bridge. Buarcos, or Buargas, a town of Beira, 21 miles SW. of Coimbra. Bubnall , Derbyf. in the Peak. Bubnall , Warw. W. of Dunfmore Heath. Bubton, Derbyf. in Appletree hundred. Bub^with, Yorkf. W. of Wighton. Bucham , Norf, near Havergate, W. of Yarmouth. Buchan, a diftrift of Aberdeen/hire, forming the NE. part of Scotland, from the fea to the river Ythan, on the SW. B U C Buchanness, a promontory, In the difti i 61 ^>f Buchan, the mod eaftern part of Scotland. Lat. 57.28. N. Ion. 1. 26. W. Between this promontory and Peterhead, is the place called the Bullers or Boilers of Buchan j a large oval cavity in the rocks, open at the top and perforated by 3 ways of entrance j it is 30 fathoms deep, and about 50 fathoms in diameter, with a foot-path round it. Boats fail into it, from the fea, under a natural arch, refem- bling a large gothic window. At a little diltance is a vafl infulated rock, divided by a narrow and very deep chafm from the land. About the middle of this rock, many feet above the level of the water, is a large, triangular aperture, through which the fea, when agitated, rufties in with a tremendous noife. Bucharia. See Bokhara. Buchau, a free town of Suabia, fitu- ated on the Feder Lake, 24 miles SW. of UJm. Buchorest, a large town of Wala- chia, fituated on the Dunbrowitz. Buchorn, a free town of Suabia, fitu- ated on the N. fide of the Lake of Con- ftance. Buck-a-Bank , Cumb. in Dalfton parift*. Buckby , Long, Northamp. 3 miles NE. of Laventry. Buckden j fee Budgen. Buck- don , Yorkf. near Bi/hopfdale Chafe. Buck- elly , Cornw. 4 miles SW. of Camelford, Bucken Hall , E/Tex, N. of Bocking. Buckenham, New, a town of Nor- folk, fituated on the river Waveney, be- tween Ipfwich and Norwich, 96 miles from London. Market on Saturday. Buckenham , Old , NW. of New Bucken- ham. Buckenham Ferry, over the river Yare, 5 miles E. of Norwich. Buckenham Houfe , Norfolk, 4 miles N. of Thetford. Buckerell, Devonf. 3 miles W. of Honiton. Buckern , Cornw. 3 miles N. of Bodmin. Buckfajlleigh, Devonf. 3 miles from A/h- burton. Buckham, Surry, near Egham. Buckhampton , Berk/hire, near Lamborn. Buckhole, Su/Tex, 2 miles SE. of Hoo. Buckholt Forejh Hants, on the edge of Wilts. Buckhorn JVeJlon , Dorfet/h. near Wincanton. Buckhurjl, Su/Tex, under A/h- down Foreft. Buckinghamshire, or Buck?, a county of England, bounded on the W. by Oxford/hire j on the N. by Northamp- ton/hire ; on the E. by Bedford/hire, Herts, and Middlefex j and on the S. by Berks and Surry, from which it is fepa- rated by the Thames, as it is from Mid- dlefex by the Coin. It is 46 miles in it’s greateft length, and 18 in breadthj con- taining 8 hundreds, 185 pari/bes, 15 mar- J 4 IH BUC ket towns, and above 1 11,-4.00 inhabit- ants. The air is healthy, and the foil fertile, being chiefly chalk or marie. Fine wheat is grown in the uplands, barley is cultivated in the Chiltern Hills, herds of cattle, and vaft flocks of fheep, the largelt in England, graze in themeadpws, efpe- cialiy in the fertile Vale of Ailelburys and the hills, in many places, are covered with woods, in which are great quantities of beech. The principal manufactures of this county are paper and bonelace. * Buckingham, a town of Bucking- hamfhire, with fofne manufactures of iace, and many paper, mills near it, on the Oufe. The county gaol ftands in this town, and the fummer aflizes for the coun- ty are held here. The houfes in the town and parifli amount to about 54.0. It is feated on the river Oufe, by which it is nearly furroundedy and over which it has 3 handfome (lone bridges, 25 miles NE. of Oxford, and 57 NW. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Buckingham, Suflex, N. of Shoreham. Burlington, Wilts, between Devizes and Trowbridge. Buckland Monacborum, De- von!'. near Tayiftock. Buckland , Berks, near Farringdon. Buckland , Backs, NE. ofWendover. Buckland Ripers, Dor fe\fh. SW. of Radi pole. Buckland, Gioucel. 5 miles W. of Campden. Buckland . Herts, 34 miles from London. Buckland , Kent, near Dover. Buckland , Kent, near Maid- llone. Buckland, Kent, near Feverfham. Buckland, Line, between Tatterfhall and H u’ncaftle. Buckland, Somerfetf. 2 miles NE. ofFrome. Buckland, Somerf. 5 miles from 'Taunton. Buckland , Surry, near Ryegate. Buckland Abbots , Wilts, near Caine. Buckland Bruer , Devonf. NW. of Torrington. Buckland, E. and IV. Devonf. near South Moulton. Buckland Fee, Somerf. near North Petherton. Buck- land Filly, Devonf. NW. of Sheepwafh. Buckland Houfe, Hants, in the New Fo- reft. Buckland Mary , Somerf. 4 miles SW. of Ilminfter. Buckland, North, De- vonf. near Bear Alfton. Buckland Town- fand, , Devonf. near Dartmouth. Buckland , Somerf. near Wellington. Buckland Ab- bas, or Newton, Dorfetf. 4 miles NE. of Cerne- Abbas. Buckland' s Place, G\ovc. near Badgworth. Bucklebury, Berks, NE. of Newbury. Bucklejham, Suff. between Ipfwich and Bawdfey. Buckley, Chef. W. of the Lake Combermere. Buckley, Cornw. 3 miles NW. of Carnelford. Buckley Fe - key, Northamjk near Daventry. Buckmin- jler, Leicef. bordering on Rutl. Buckmin- fier, Wilts, 4 miles N. of Ambrefbury. Buck nail t Line, 5 miles W. of Horncaftle. B U E Bucknell, Oxfordf. near Bicefter. Bucknell, Shropf. on the borders of Heref. Bucknell , Somerf. near Staple FitzPain. Bucknell , S t afford fh. 3 miles N. of Stone. Bucknefs , Cumb. W. of Stapleton. Bucknol, Dorf. 1 mile SW. of Corfe Caftle. Buckftead , Suflex, near Afhdown Foreft. Buckfeed , Suflex, near Haylfham. Bucktborp. 4 miles S. of Gloucefter. Buckton, Heref. near Brampton Bryan. Buckton, Northamp. W. of Moulton. Buckton , Northumb. near Fenwick. Buckton, Yorkf. N. of Bridling- ton. Buckware, Eflex, W. of Roding Abbey. Buckwell , Kent, between Can- terbury and Whitftable. Buckworthy Northumb. near Newcaftle. Buckworthy Huntingdonf. near Leighton. Buda, orOFFEN, the capital ofLower Hungary, fituated on the fide of a hill, on the W. bank of the Danube, oppofite Peftj formerly the refidence of the kings of Hun- gary. The public buildings are elegant, it’s warm baths very magnificent, and in the adjacent country are vinevards, pro- ducing a red wine, in great eftimation. It is 125 miles ESE. of Vienna, and 560 NW . of Conftantinople. Lat. 47. 25. N. Ion. 18. 22. E. Budbrook, two miles W. of Warwick. Budworth , 3 n< ; les from Warwick. Bud - by, Nottingham!’, near Thowerfby. Buddesdale, or Botesdale, a long, mean-built town, of Suffolk, on the hol- ders of Norfolk, 15 miles NE. of Bury, on the road to Yarmouth. Market on Thurfday. Budelich, a town of Treves. Budefden , Chef. W. of the Merfey, op* pofite to Liverpool. Budejlon , St. Feter t or Biddleflon , Wilts, near Chippenham. Budic, Northumb. near Bambnrgh Caftle. Budissen. See Bautzen. Budley, a town of Devonfliire, fitu- ated on the river Otter, near it’s mouth. Market on Monday. Budnahoc , Bedf. NW. of Bigglefwade. Budoa, a fea-port town of Dalmatia, 30 miles SSE. ofRagufa. Btidoc, Cornw. near Penryn and Fal- mouth. Budox, St. Devonf. 4 miles N. of Plymouth-. Budrio, a town in the Bolognefe. Bud weis, a town of Bechin, Bohemia, fituated on the Moldaw, 18 miles S. of Bechin. Budworth , Magna and Parva, Chefh. Buenos Ayres, or Cividad de la Trinidad, is the feat of a viceroy, and a confiderable fea-port of La Plata, feated on the river Plata, in a country truly pa- radifaical, 50 miles from the lea, on the E. coall of S. America. Part of the trea- fures B U L BUN fures and merchandife of Peru and Chili, CafUe, Weftmor. near Appleby. Bulgy which are exported to Spain, is brought Grange , Durh. 3 miles NE. of Stockton, here, and received by the regifter-fhips, Bulford, Wilts, 3 miles N. of Ambrefbury, and they have a confiderable commerce in Bulgaria, a mountainous province of the Skins of wild bulls and cows. It con- Turkey, bounded on the W. byServiaand tains abQUt 3000 houfes, and 30,000 in- Macedonia} on the N. by Walachia; on habitants. The vice-royalty, ereiled in the E. by the Black Sea j and on the S. by 1776, has Yapezlaga and Paraguay on Romania. The valleys produce fome coin the N. Brazil and the Sea on the E. and and wine. Cordova and Tucuman on the W. Lat. 34. 35. S. Ion. 58. 26. W. Buerley , Yorkf. near Patley Bridge. Buerley, Yorkf. N W. of Halifax. Buer- ton, Chefh. E. of Combermere. Bug, a river of Poland, which runs in- to the Viilula, between Porcz and War- faw. Bugbarrouv, Dorfetfh. adjoining Brere Regis. Bugbrook , similes W. of North ampron. Bugden, Hunt.N.of Boddingion. Bugia, or Boujeiah, a lea port, of Algiers, exporting oil, wax, and agricul- tural iron inftruments, obtained from mountains near the town. In 1674, Sir Edward Spragg dire&ed a fire fhip into the harbour, which is large, confined by a wall of fquare ftone, and defended by 2 caftles, when 7 vcffeis, of from 24 to 34 guns, were burned, the town and caftles confiderably damaged, and between 3 and 400 men killed. Lat. 37. 10. N. Ion. 5. 20. E. Bugie, a port of Egypt, on the W. coaft of the Red Sea, in lat. 22. 15. N. Bugfily SufTex, W. of Rotherbridge. Bugthorp , Yorkf. 5 miles N. of Pockling- ton. Builth. See Bealt. Buis, Le, a town in the dept, of Drome. 21 miles ENE. of Orange. Bukari, a fea-port of Hungarian Dal- matia, in lat. 45. 29. N. Bulac, a town of Egypt, of confider- able trade, containing about 4000 fami- lies. It is feated on the E. Shore of the Nile, 2v miles W. of Grand Cairo, being the fea port of that city. On the N. fide of it is rhe C^lifch, whofe banks are cut every year to convey the waters of the Nile, by a canal, to Grand Cairo. Bulam, a tertile ifiand of Africa, about 8 leagues long and 3 broad, at the mouth of the Rio Grande. An attempt has been lately made to colonife it by free negioes, under the direction of the Bulam Affocia- tion in England; as alfo to eltablifh a friendly intercourse with the natives, and a trade unpolluted by flavery ; but the fet- ' dement was deftroyed by Africans from the continent. It is about a league and a half from the continent, in lat 10 deg. N. Bully, Line, near Stainfleet, Buley Bulkam, in the Ifie of Wight. Bullock , 6 miles from Dublin. Bu.kinton, Wil s, near Pattern. Bulk - ington , Warw. 4 miles from Coventry. Bulk ley. Chefh. NW. of Cholmondeley. Bulkuvorthy , Devonf. W. of Toiringtoii. Bullingham . Upper and Louver, S. of He- reford. Bullingham, Hants, 4 miles E. of Andover. Bullings , 6 milts E. of Lin- coln. Bullington, Berks, between Walling- ford and Oxford. Bullington , Heref. 2 miles W. of Kinnerftey. Bullington Line. 2 miles W. of Wragby. Bully, Glouc. 2 miles W. of the Ifle of Alderney. Bui - rnarjh Court , Btiks, near Sunning. Bull - majh Heaths Berks, near Reading. Bul- mer . Effcx, on the borders of Suffolk, Bulmer. Yorkf, 5 miles SW. of New Mal- ton . Bulnefs] fee Boulnefs. Bulpbam, Ef- fex, NW. o Horndon. Buljirode , Bucks, near Gerard’s Crol's. Bult Point, Devonf. near Salcomb. BuIluvelL 7 miles from Not- tingham. Buluvick, Northamp. 5 miles NW. of Oundle. Bumford , Derbyf. in the High Peak. Bumjlead Iielion. Effcx, near Haveril. Bumbury, Chefh. E. of Beefton Caftle. Bunbrook, a river in Derbyfhire. Buncloady, in Wexford, Leinfter. Bun - crana , in Donegal, Ulfter. BundelA, or Bundelcund, a circar of Hindooftan, in the country of Allaha- bad, feparated from the Jumna hy a nar- row tra£l of low country. It is a moun- tainous, woody tra£l, of more than 100 miles fquare, and contains the celebrated diamond-mines of Panna or Puma. It was formerly fubje£f to a rajah, named Hin- dooput, but is now divided among his descendants. It is inhabited by a tribe of Rajpoots, and is Surrounded by the domi- nions of Oude, Benares, and the Mah- rattas. The principal towns are Chatter- pour, which lies in lat. 25. o. N. Mow, and Panna. The principal river is the Cane or Ken. Bundley , Dev. 4 miles E. of Hatherly. *Bungay, a town in Suffolk, feated on the river Waveney, which is navigable for barges to Yarmouth. It has a confi- derable trade, and the women are much employed in knitting worfted (lockings. It is 36 miles N. by E. of Ipfwich, and 107 NE. of London, Market on Thurfdi Bungo, BUR Bungo, a confiderablekihgdom, in the ifland of Bungo, or Ximo, in Japan. The capital is Fumay. The king of Bungo was baptized by the name of Francis Ci- van, and fent a folemn embaffy to Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582. Bungo, a province of Loango, in Af- rica. Bunhill , Worcef. in Bromfgrove. Bunnidane , in Sligo, Connaught. Bu- finglafs, in Mayo, Connaught. Buntingford, a town of Herts, fitu- ated on the little river Rib, 7 miles S. of Royfton, and 31 N. by E. of London. Market on Monday. Buntingfdale, Shropfh. near Drayton. Bun-well, Norf. 4 miles from Wymund- ham. B upton, Wilts, 5 miles N. of Caine. Burbacb, Leicef. near High Crofs and Hinckley. Burbeck, Weftm. SW. of Ap- pleby. Burbeck , a river of Weftm. run- ning into the Lune. Burbich, Wilts, W. of Great Bed win. Burbrook, Eftex, be- tween Afhden and Steeple Bumfted. Bur- chalk, Wilts, SW. of Saiifbury Plain. Burch am, Magna , Newton, and "Tofts, Norf. 3 villages 4 miles NE. of Caftie Rifing. Burchills , Staff. 1 mile NW. of Walla). Burchope , between Hereford and Leominfter. Burcomh , Dorfetf. in the pa- ri fh'of S. Perrot. Burcomh Lodge, Somerf. NE. of Bruton. Burcomh, N. and S. Wilts, near Saiifbury. Bur cot, Northamp. near Towcefter. Burcot , Shropf. NW. of Great Wenlock. Burcot , Somerf. SE. of Wrinton. Burcot, Oxf. near Dorchefter. Burdforih, Yorkf. S. of Thirlk. Burdbam, Suffex, 4 miles from Chichefter. Burding- bury , Wa>rwickf. N. of Long Itchington. Burldon, Durham. Burdon, Durh. N. of -Seaton. Burdon , Great and Little , Durh. between Darlington and Stockton. Bur- don, Old, Durham, near Lumley Caftie. Burdop Craig, Northumb. NW. of Ellef- tion. Burdrop , Oxf. 5 miles SW. of Ban- bury. Burdrop, Wilts, near Swindon. Burdfwold, Cumb. E. of Alkerton Caftie. Burello, a town of Calabria Ultra. Buren, a town and county of Dutch Guelderland, 18 miles SE. of Utrecht. Buren, a town of Weftphalia, fituated on the Alme. Burefs, Suffolk, near Neyland. Burfeld, Berks, SW. of Reading. *Burford, a town of Oxfordftiire, with manufa&ories of duffels, rugs, and faddles. It is feated on the river Wind- mill, 71 miles from London. Market on Saturday. Burford, near Warwick. Burford, Shropf. near Tenbury. Burg, a town of Zutphen j a town of BUR Berg, Weftphalia; a town of Culmbach, Franconia ; a town of Newburg, Bavaria; a town of Thuringia; a town of Magde- burg ; and a town of Reufs, Upper Saxony. Burgat , Hants, near Fordingbridge. Burgat , Suff. near Buddefdale. Burgate , Surry, S. of Godalmin. Burgat Dame- ram, Wilts, on the bordereof Dorfetfh. Burgaw, a town and margraviate of Auftria, 1 5 miles N. of Augfburg; and a town of Eifenach, Upper Saxony. Burgdorf, a town and bailiwick of Bern; and a town of Lunenburg Zell. Burgh, a town of Lincolnfhiro, \z miles NNE. bf Bofton, and 133 N. of London. Market on Thurfday. Burgh, Dcrb. in the Peak, near Caftle- ton. Burgh, Dorfetf. 3 miles from Ax- minfter. Burgh, Shropf. 5 miles from Wem. Burgh , or Borough, Camb. 6 miles S. of Newmarket. Burg, Norf. W. of Kirby. Burgh, Lancaf. S. of the Pele. Burgh , Suff. near Clopton. Burgh . Yorkf. E. Riding, near Ferriby Burgh Cajlle, Suff. at the mouth of theWaveney, 4 miles SW. of Yarmouth. Burgh Clere, Hants, W. of King’s Clere. Burgh Hall, Yorkf. N. Riding, N. of Maftiam. Burgh Hill , Yorkf. near Bainbridge. Burgh Hill , N. of Hereford. Burgh Houfe, Surry, 2 miles SE. of Epfom. Burgh upon Bone, Line. E. of Market Raifin. Burgh, St. Marga- ret and St: Mary, Norf. near Yarmouth. Burgh upon Sands ; fee Brough upon Sands . Burgham Cajlle , Weftmorland, 5 miles SE. of Appleby. Burgos, a city of Spain, capital of Old Caftile, feated partly on a mountain, and extending to the river Arlanzon. The fquares, public buildings, and foun- tains are magnificent, and the walks agree- able. Many manufa&ures are carried on here. It is 95 miles E. S. of Leon, and 1 17 N. of Madrid. Lat. 42. 20. N. Ion. 3. 30. W. Burgundy, a ci-devant province of France, bordered on the E. by Franche Comte; on the S. by Lyonnois ; and ore the N. by Champagne. It is fertile in corn, fruits, and excellent wine, and is now formed into the depts. of Aube, Cote d’Or, Saone and Loire, and Yonne. Burgus , Cornw. near Padftow Haven. Burham , Kent, near Aylesford. Burham , Line, in Gofwell partfh. Burham , N. and S. Somerfetf. near Bruton. Burhanpour, a city of Hindooftan, the capital of Candeilh, and, at one period, of the Deccan alfo. It has confiderable manufa&ures in fine cottons, white and painted, plain, and mixed with gold and filyer, for veils, fhawls, handkerchiefs. BUR See. It Is ioo miles N. of Arungabad, and 225 miles E. by N. of Surat. Lat. 21. 25. N. Ion. 76. 19. E. Burhanpour, a town of Bengal, 85 miles N. of Calcutta. BuRiCK.a town of Cleves, on the Rhine. Buriens , St. Cornw. 5 miles from Pen- zance. Buricourt , Hants, between Bent- ley and Dogmersfield. Buringham , Line, near the Ifle of Axholm. Burket, Berks, near Shrivenham, Burkhausen, a town of Up. Bavaria. Burland, Cheih. SE. ot Combermere. Burland, Somerf. between Taunton and Combe St. Nicholas. Burluion., Staff. _near Sheriff Hales. Burleigh HouJ'e. Nor- thamp. 1 mile SE. or Stamfo, Burlef- comb, Devonf. near Holcombe. Burlcjlon, Dorfetf. near Athelhamfton. Burley on the Hill, Rutland, near Oakham ; near it is a fine feat of the Earl of Winchelfea. Burley , Yorkf. nearOtley. Burley , Hants, in the New Foreft, Burley , Shropfh. N. of Ludlow. Burley Park , Leicef. near Loughborough. Burlington j fee Brid- lington. Burlington, Shropshire, SW. of Wem. Burlington, a trading town of New Jerfey, in N. America, capital of a coun- ty of the lame name. It is feated on De- laware River, which is here a mile broad, and under fhelter of Mittinnitunk and Burlington Iflands, affords' a iaft and con- venient harbour. It has a mayor and court of aldermen. The majority ot the inha- bitants are Quakers. Burlington is 17 miles NE. of Philadelphia, and 55 SSE. of New York. Burmah. See Ava. Burmajh, Kent, in Romney Marfh. Burmington, Warwicklh. SE. of Shipton. Burnby, Suffolk, E. of Beccles. Burnby , Yorkf’. near Pocklington. Eurnchurck, in Kilkenny, Leinfler. Burnep, Durh. on the borders of Cumb. Burnere, Cornwall, near Padftow Haven. Burnes, Cumb. N. of Kefwick. Burnet , Somerf. 4^ miles W. of Bath. Burneton Batail, Northumb. near Bamburgh Caf- tle. Burhall, SW. of Durham. Burngate , Dorf. 1 mile E. of Lulworth. Burnham , Bucks, 3 miles E. of Maidenhead. Near it are Burnham Boveney, and Burnham Eajl. Burnham Deepdale, Norfolk, in the NW. part of the county, noted for it’s falt-marfhes, on which fheep thrive well. Burnham, a town of Norfolk, feated near the fea, with a good harbour, and a confiderable trade in corn, 29 miles NW. of Norwich, and 126 NE. of London. There are feveral villages in it’s neigh- bourhood, which are alf© called Burnham, BUR as well as that of Burnham Deepdale. Market on Saturday. Burnham, a fifhing-towu of Effex, at the mouth of the river Crouch, which is here c?.lled Burnham Water. The Wal-f fleet and Burnham oyfters are the produ6t . f the creek and pits of this river. It is 40 miles E. by N. of London. Burnham , Somerf. near the Start Point. Burnba?n, Nether and Upper, Line, in the Ifle of Axholm. Burnbolm, N. and S. Yorkfh. E. Riding, E. of Pocklington. Burningham , Norf. 4 miles SE. of Holt. Burnifion, Yorkshire, N. of Scarborough. Burni/ion, Yorkshire, between Bedal and Thirfk. Burnley, a little town of Lancafhire, with woollen and cotton raanura£lu^:&, printing houfes, dying houfes, mills, See w It is feated in a very healthy fituation, near the Leeds and Liverpool canal, 35 miles SE. of Lancafter, and 208 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Burnfal, Yorkfh. on the Wherfe, be- tween Settle and Paitky Bridge. Burnt Ely , Sulf. between Sudbury and Billion. Burntisland, a town in Ftft-fhire, with a good, deep, and large harbour. It is feated under a (tupendous rock, on the Frith of Forth, 10 miles NW. of Edin- burgh. Burphy Dorfetf. N. ofBridport. Burph- am , Sufiex, NE. of Arundel. Burphants , Surry, S. of Woking. Burrampooter, or Sanpoo, a ri- ver of Alia, which riles near the head of the Ganges in the mountains of Thibet. Iffuing from oppofite fides of the fame ridge of mountain, thefe rivers flow in different dire&ions, till they are 1200 miles afunder j yet meet in one point about 40 miles from the fea, after each has run through a winding courfe of about 2000 miles. The Burrampooter, for 60 miles before it’s junftion with the Ganges, is regularly from 4. to 5 miles wide, and, bnt for it’s frefhnefs, might pals for an arm of the fea ; in other refpefts, it bears an intimate ref’emblance, during a courfe of 400 miles through Bengal, to that river. Burram , E. and IV. Hants. Burrel , Yorkf. N. Riding, 3 miles N. of Snape, and W. of Bedal. Barrels , Weftmorl. S. of Appleby. Barrington , Devonf. a little N. of Chumleigh. Barrington , Devonfh. N. of Plympton. Burris, in Carlow, Leinfter, 54 miles from Dublin. Burrifaleigh , in Tipperary, Munfter, 78 miles from Dublin. Burroby, Yorkf. 3 miles from Thirfk. Burroden , Northumberl. near Upper and Lower Tre whet, Burrough , Norf. be- 1 tween BUR tween Fakenham and Holt. Burrow, Norfolk, near Alelham. Burrow, S. of Lahcafter: it communicates with ail the late inland navigations. Burrow , Leicef. near Billefdon. Burrow Green , a miles from Cambridge, and 2 from Newmarket. Burrow Hill, Northampton!!!. near Da- ventry. Bursa, anciently Prusa, one of the largeft and moft beautiful cities of Nato- lia, containing about 40,000 Turks, 400 families of Jews, 500 of .Armenians, and 300 of Greeks. It ftands at the foot of Mount Olympus, on the edge of a fine plain, covered with mulberry, and various fruit trees, and, in 1356, was made the capital of the Ottoman dominions. The mofques and caravanferas are eleg'ant, and every houfe has it’s fountain. The be- zeftine is a large ftru&ure, full of ware- houfes and Ibops, containing alt the com- modities of the EalL b fide their own ma- nufaflures in filk fluffs, velvets, beautiful carpets, &c. Here, indeed, are the heft workmen in Turkey, who are excellent imitators of the tapeftry of Italy and France. Burfa is the capital of a province of Natolia Proper, called by the Turks Becfangil, and anciently Bithynia. It is 60 miles S. of Conftantinople. Lat. 39. 22. N. Ion. 29. 5. E. Burfcougb, Lancafh. near' Latham and Ormlkirk. Burfedon, 5 miles E. of South- ampton, fituated on a branch of the South- ampton Water, with yards for fhip-build- ing. Burjlem , Staff. ,3 miles from New- caTtle under Line, celebrated for it’s pot- teries. Burfeley , Wore. 4 miles SE. of Bromfgrove. Burjlall , NE. of Leicefter, on the Stour. Bur ft all, Suffolk, W. of Ipfwich. Burjlall , Yorkf. between Hud- dersfield and Leeds. Burjlall Garth , Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Burjled , Great and Little , Effex, near Billericay. Bur - flock, Dorfetf. W. of Bcminfter. Burflon , Staff. NE. of Newcaftle under Line. Bur- Jlon , Bucks, NE. of Ailefbury. Burjlon , Dorfetf. 4 miles W- of Bere Regis. 'Bur- flon, Norfolk, 1 mile from Difs. Burflon , Norf. 4 miles S. of Holt. Burjlow , Surry, near E. Grinftead. Bur/lwick, Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Burtford Houfe, Wilts, near Salifbury. Burthorp , Glouc.’near Lechlade. Burtle Houfe , Somerf. near Bridgewater. Burton Statker, a imall town of Lincolnfhire, feated on a hill, near the Trent, on which it has feveral mills, 30 miles NW. of Lincoln, and 164 N. by W. of London. Market on Monday. Burton , a town of Weftmorland, 11 miles N. of Lancafter, and 247 NNW. of London. It communicates with all the BUR late inland navigations. Market o» Tuefday. Burton , 3 or 4 miles from Nottingham, on the road to Newark. Burton , Berks, near Afhbury and White Horfe Hill, Burton, Chelh. NW. near the Dee. Bur- ton , 5 miles E. of Chefter. Burton , near Buckingham. Burton , Dorfetfh. W. of Wareham. Burton , Dorf. near Bi idport. Burton, Great and Little , Dorfetf. a little N. of Dorchefter. Burton, Heref. NE. of Pembridge. Burton , Kent, near Afhford. Burton , Kent, near Tunbridge. Burton, Lincolnf. between Grantham and Market Deeping. Burton , NW. of Lincoln. Bur- ton, Norf. 3 miles SE. of W urtted. Bur- ton, Northumb. S. of Ramburgh Cable. Burton . Shropf. between Wenlock and S blew (bury. Burton, Shropf. S. of Wen- lock. Burton . Somerf. near Wyncanton. Burton, Somerf. W. of Bedminfter. Bur- ton, Somerf. near Somerton. Burton , IHe of Wight, near Cowes. Burton Hants, between Lymingron and Chrift Church. Burton , Staff, near Penkridge. Burton, E. and W. SufTex, between Petworth and Arundel. Burton , E. and IV. Weftmor, E. of Appleby. Burton, E. and lV f Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Burton, E. arid IV. Yorkf. 4 miles NE. oi Richmond. Burton, Wore, in Lower and Upper Bapy. Burton Agnes, Yorkfhire, E. of K n. Burton Bi/hops, Yorkfh. N. of Beverley* Burton, Black, Oxford f. N. of Brad well. Burton Cherry , Yorkf. NW. or Beverley. Burton Constable, a town of Yorkfhire, fituated between Midlam and Richmond. Market on Friday. Burton Conflable, Yorkf. NE. of Hull, Burton Dorfet, Warw. 3 miles from Kyne- ton. Burton Grange , Yorkf. near Barnf- ley. Burton Hajlings, Warw. near the road between Coventry and Leicefter. Burton Hill , Wilts, S. of Malmfbury. Burton in Bifhopfdale , Yorkf. N. Riding. SW. of Midlam. Burton Latimer , Ncrtbamptonf. SW. of Kettering, Burton Leonard, Yorkf. W. of Boroughbiidge. Burton, Long, Dorfetf. N. of the Vale of Whit* Hart. Burton Lasers, Leicefterf. S. of Melton Mowbray. Burton Magna, Oxf. N. of Banbury. Burton, North , Yo; kf. NW. of Bridlington. Burton Onoery, Leic. near Hal lat on. Burton Parnja, Oxfordf. SE. of Burton Magna. Burton Pidfey, York fir. in Holdernefs. Burton Salmon , Yorkf. N. of Pontefratt. Burton fuper Montem, Glouc. W. of Morton in Marfh. Burton upon 0 Ido, Leicefterfhire. *Burton upon Trent, a town of StaffordHiire, fituated on the river Trent, over which it has a bridge of freeftone, a quarter BUR quarter of a mile in length. It cor|fifts chiefly of one long ftreet, and has long been noted for it’s excellent malt and ale, great quantities of which la(t are exported to London, Leith, the Baltic, See. It has alfo manufaflures in woollen and cotton, of hats, fpades, and other articles, befides forges tor forming iron bars. The houfes are about 750, and the inhabitants 4000. Befides the Trent, it communicates, by canals, with Liverpool, Briftol, Coven- try, and all the late inland navigations. It is 11 miles SW. of Derby, and 124 NNW. of London. A well-fupplied market for corn and provifions on Tliurf- day. Burton on the Water, GIouc. Burton , E. and W. Nott. 3 miles from Gainfbo- rough. Burton Wood, Lane, in W. Der- by. Burzvarton , Shroplhire, near Brown Clee Hill. Burwafh, Suffex, N. of Rother- bridge. Bur-well, Camb. 3 miles N. of Newmarket Heath. On the 8th of Sept. 1727, a melancholy event took place here : 160 perfons, among whom were feveral young ladies of fortune, being affembled in a barn, on the exhibition of a puppet- fhow, the place took fire, by a carelefs ac- cident, when only five or fix efcaped ; the bodies of the dead were fo disfigured by the fire, and the fall of the roof, &c. that their friends could not recognife them, and they w'ere promifeuoufly interred in one large grave. A tablet has been ere& ed in the church, to perpetuate the event.' Burwell , Line, near A 1 thorp. Burwell, Hants, near Hambledon. Burwell' s Green, Herts, NW. of Ware Park. Burwood, Surry, S. of Walton upon Thames. Bury, a town of Lancafhire, noted for it’smanufa&ureof fuftians, half thicks, kerfeys, calicoes, & c. A melancholy event happened here July 5, 1787, by the fall of the theatre, by which more than 300 perlons were buried in the ruins : fome efcaped unhurt ; many were killed, and others greatly bruifed. Bury is fitu- ated on the Irwell, near a canal, which goes to Manchester, 36 miles SE. of Lan- cafter, and 190 NNW. of London. Mar- ket on Thurfday. *Bury St. Edmund’S; a town of Suffolk, which contains 2 parifh churches, about 1000 houfes, and 700.0 inhabitants. It owes it’s name to a celebrated abbey, one of the largeft and richeft in the king- dom, founded in honour of Edmund, king of the Ea(l Angles, who was born, crown- ed, murdered, and buried here. It is fitu- ared in a healthy, delightful ipot, afford- ing beautiful profpeCts, (from which it has been called the Montpellier of Eng- B U T land) 14 miles nearly E. of Newmarket, and 72 NNE. of London. Large markets for corn, fifh, fowl, &c. on Wednelday and Saturday. Bufbby, Yorkf. N. Riding, N. ofWharl- ton Cattle. Bujham, Suff. S. of Arundel. Bujhhury , Staffordf. between Brewood and WalTali. Bufbby Parva, Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, S. of Stokefley. Bufbford, ScnierL near Dulverton. Bujb Phil, Middl. near Edmonton. Bujhley , Wore, near Tewkf- bury. Bufh Mead, Bedf. near Eaton. Buftmills, in Antrim, Ulfter. Bufhton, Wilts, in the parifh of Clave Pepper. Bufhy , Herts, near Watford. Bufhy , 2 miles trom Leicefter. Bufhy Hall, Herts, NW. of Watford. Bufhy Leaze , Kants, in the parith of Fackham. Bufhy Park , Middl. near Hampton Court. Buf- fage, Gloucefterf. a hamlet to Bifley. Bussarah, Bassorah, or Basrah, a confiderable city and fea-port of Turkey in Afia, in Irac Arabi, 6n a canal, navi- gable for veflels of 50 tons, to the Eu- phrates, 40 miles NW. of the Gulf of Perfia. The circumference of the town is large, but a great number of date- trees are planted within the walls. It is rather an Arabian than a Turkifh city, and the prince pays but little refpeft to the Otto- man court. The inhabitants are com- puted at 50,000. Bujileton, Northumberl. near Heydon. Buftieton , Hants, 12 miles from Portf- mouth. Bujlon , Kent, near Maidftone. Buflon , Northumb. near Alnwick. Bufl - watb Hill, Cumberl. near Burgh Marih. Batcomb, Somerf. SE. of Wrinton. Buteshire, a county of Scotland, con- fiding of the i hands of Bute, Arran, and Inchmarnoc, which lie in the Frith of Clyde, S. of Argylefiiire. They are fertile in corn and paftures j and there is a con- fiderable herring fifhery ©n their coafts. The chief town is Rofhlay. Butler's Bridge, in Cavan, Ulfter. Butler's Court , GIouc. near Bodington. B utley, Chefhire, near Preftbury. Butley , Somerf. between Sruton and B: idgewater. Butley Abbey , Suff. 4 miles from Orford. Butrago, a town of New Caftile. Buttlefdon , Northumb. in the manor of Warkworth. Butt's Afh , Hants, in New Foreft. Butfbury , Effex, near Ingateftone. Butteland, Northumb. near Billingham. B utterly, Durh. near Branfpeth. Butter Cramb , Yorkf. near New Malton. But- ter Haugb, Northumb. near the fource of the Tyne. Butterley, Derbyf. near Cod- nor Caftle. Butterley, Devonf. near Coi- lumpton. Butrinto, a fea-port and gulf of 3 Venetian B U X Venetian Albania, fepnrated by a (trait from the Ifland of Corfu, at the entrance of the Adriatic, in lat. 39. 49. N. Buttermere Water, a lake of Cumberland, near the fource of the Cocker. The lakes of Buttermere and Lowfwater are not fo extenfive as thofe of the Derwent or Kefwick, but quite as beautiful, and the country about them is as mountainous and romantic as Borrowdale. Butterfide, Yorkfhire, N. Riding, near Alkrig. Butterwike, Dcrfetf. a mile S. ofFolke. Butterfwick, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Newforn. Butterfon, Staff, SE. of Leek. Butterzon, SW. of Stafford. But - terwick, Line. NE. of Bolton. Butter- •wick, Durh. between Stockton and Dur- ham. Butterwick , Herrs, near St. Albans. Butter wick , E. and IV, Lincoln!'. E. of Ax-holm. Butte SufF. between Bildefton and Wulpet. Buxlmxj , SufF. near Dunwich. Buxtedy or Buckjlead, Suffex, 10 miles from E. Grinftead. * Buxton, a town in Derbyfhire, one of the wonders of the Peak, having 9 wells that rife near the fource of the river Wye. Their waters were noted in the times of the Romans. Although hot and i'ulphu- reous, they are palatable ; they create an appetite and remove obitiuclions, and, if bathed in, afford relief in lcorbutic lheu- matifms, nervous cafes, & c. It is much CAB C AANA, a town of Egypt, feated on the E. fide of the river Nile, 260 miies S. of Cairo, whence they tranfport coin and pulfe to Mecca. Lat. 26. 30. N. Cabeca, a town of Andalufiaj a town of Seville ; and a town of Cuba, 130 miles SW. of the Havannah. Cabeca de Vide, a town of Alentejo. Cabf^on, a town of Leon, in Spain. Cabenda, a fea-port of Loango, in j?i .4. 5. S. Cabons, Ktnt, near Den.ge Marfli. Cahraghy within 2 miles of Dublin. Cabreira, in Latin Capraria, an BYT reforted to in fnmmer. The public raoms are in an elegant building, in the form of a crefcent, tre&cd by the Duke of Devon- fhire. It is of the Doric order, and un- der it are a piazza and (hops. Buxton has a man ufa 61 lire of cotton, and is fituated in an open, healthy country, with a variety of fine views, 28 miles from Manchtfter, 32 NW. of Derby, and 160 NNW. of Lon- don. Buxton, Norf. SE. of Alefham. Buzbach, a tQwn of Solmes, Upper Rhine. Bybury, Glouc. NW. of Fairford. Bychow, or Byszow, a town of Courland. Byerley , N and S. Yorkf. near Brad- ford. Byfield, Northamp. between Ban- bury and Daventry. Byfieet, Surry, near Cobham. Byford , Heref. near Bredwar- dine Caftle. By ford, Yorkf. in Holdemefs. Bygrave Hall , Herts, a little NW. of Bal- dock. Bykefhore , Northumb. 1 mile from Newcaftle, Bykeware, Glouc. neai Hawkf- bury. Byland, York!’, near Thirfk. By- ley, Che!h. NE. of Middlewich. Bynall t Wilts, 3 miles SE. of 'Wooten Baffet. Bynatny , Cornw. near Seeds Haven. By- nith Wood , Cornw. between Xefkard and Launcefton. Bynton, Warw. near Bitford. Bynwejlon , Sh: opf. on the borders of Mont- gomeryf. Byram, Lane, between Newton Chapel and Leigh. Byrch, Magna and Parva . Heref. SW. of Aconbury. By- rom, Yorkf. near Ferrybridge. Byron’s Island, in the South Pacific Ocean, is low, woody, and populous, and about ia miles in length. The natives are tall, robuft, aclive, and cheerlul. Lat, 1. 18. S. Ion. 173. 46. E. By ton, Heref. E. of Prefteign, in Rad- norshire. By worthy Suff. near Pet worth. CAB ifland, 2 leagues and a half S. of Majorca with a large and fafe port. It is moun- tainous, defert, and chiefly ufed as a place of banifhment for criminals. Cabul, Caeulistan, or Zaeulis- tan, was anciently a province ot Perfia, but having been annexed to the Mogul empire, was again transferred toPerfia by Nadir Schah. It is now, however, a fe- parate territory, and is bounded on the W. and SW. by Candahar and Sablellan, or Segertanj on the N. by Ulbeck Tartary ; on the £. by Cafhmere ; and on the S. by Lahore, The country conlifts o! moun- tains CAD tains conftantly covered with fnows, hills of moderate height, and eafy afcent, rich plains, and lately forefts, and thefe en- livened by numerous dreams. It pro- duces every article neceflary for human life, with a variety of delicate fruits and flowers. The city of Cabul is capital of the province. It is fituated near the foot of the Hindoo- Ko, or Indian Caucafus, near the fource of the Attock. It’s fili- ation is romantic and pleal'ant, having, within it’s reach, the fruits and products of the temperate and torrid zones. It has i'pjtcious caravanftras and palaces ; and is 580 miles NW. of Delhi, and 176 NE. of Cand'ahar. Lat. 34. 36. N. Ion. 69. 58. E. See CandahaR. Caburn, Line, near Caiftor. Cabus, Lane, in Amoundernefs. Ca$a$a, a town of Fez, 16 miles S. of Melilla. C ace res, a town of Eftremadura, in Spain j a town cf the Ifie of Lucon, in the Manillas j and a town of Tiafcala, in Mexico. Cachan, or Kaschan, a town of Irac Agemi, in Perfia, the inhabitants cf which trade in filks, duffs, filver and gold brocades, and fine earthen-ware. It is 55 miles N. by W. of Ifpahan. Cachao, a large town, capital of. a province of the fame name, in Tonquin. It contains about ao,oco thatched houfes: the people are Pagans. The Englidi and Danes have each a fa6lory, which purchafe filks and lackered wares. Lat. 22. 10. N, Ion. 105. 31. E. Cachemere. See Cashmere. Cacheo, a town of Negroiand, fubjefl to the Portugusfe. Lat. 12. N. Ion. 16. 40. E. Cacbham, Suffex, near Selfey. Cacongo, a fmall kingdom of Africa, in the country of Congo, with it’s chief town on the N. bank of the Zaira. Lat. 5. S. Ion. 14. 20. E. Cacorla, a town of Jaen, Anda- lufia. Cadaon, Caldao, or Sandao, a ri- ver of Portugal, which riles on the con- fines of Algarva, and runs N. through the territory of Evora; after which it wafhes Alcacer, and bending its courfe W. fails into the Atlantic at St. Ubes. Cadbury, A r . and S. Somerfetf. between Queen Camel and Wincanton. Cadbury , Vorkf. W. of Doncader. Cadbury , De- vonfhire, W. of Bradninch. Caddington , Bedf. between Kneefwonh and Luton. Caddon , Northumb. 7 miles SW. of Hex- ham. Cude^y, near Leicefter Fored. Cadenac, or Capdenac, a town in CAE the dept, of Lot, fituated on the river Lot, 27 miles ENE. of Cahors. Cadenet, a town in the dept, of the Mouths of the Rhone, 28 miles SE. of Avighon. Cader Idris , a mountain in Merioneth- fhire, at the foot of which are fome very deep pools. Near it is Dolgclly. Cadillac, a town in the dept, of Gi- ronde, fituated on the Garonne, 15 miles SSE. of Bourdeaux. Cadiz, a large, rich, and ancient city, of Andalufia, fit ft built by the Phenicians, who called it Gadez ; feated on an ifland, from which it has a communication with the continent by a bridge. The bay form- ed by it is 12 miles in length, and & in breadth. It is the emporium of the Spa- nidi foreign trade. Here the galleons and regifter (hips are fitted out for Terra Fir- ma and La Plata, and the flota for Mexico; and here the bullion of America is import- ed, to be diftributed to the foreign mer- chants, who principally fupply the out- ward-bound fleets with their cargoes. Ca- diz contains 50,000 inhabitants, has roa- nufa&ures of linen and fait, and is 45 miles NW. of Gibraltar, and 90 W. by S. of Malaga. Lat. 3 6. 3 1. N. Ion. 6. 6.W. Cadiz Head , Lane, near Warrington. Cadland, Hants, in the New Foreft. Cad~ ley, Devon!'. W. of Columbton. Cadley, Devonf. near Ottery Sr. Mary’s. Cadnam Houje, Wilts, near Chriftian Malford. Cadney, Line. S. of Glandford Bridge. Cadora, the capital of Cadorino. Cadorino, a fmall and mountainous diftrifl of the Trcvifan, late a province of Venice. Cadsandt, an ifland at the mouth of the Scheldt, famous for it’s excellent cheele. CaflaDdria is the principal place. Caen, a city, capital of the dept, of Calvados, containing about 4000 inhabit- ants. Before the revolution, it was the capital of Lower Normandy, and had a ce- 1 ebrated univerfity, founded by CharlesVII. It is fituated on the rivers Orne and Odon, (the former of which runs through the town, the tide bringing up large veflels) 65 miles W. by S. of Rouen, and 125 NW. of Paris. Caergajurley , Flintlhire, 7 miles from Chefter. Caerfilly, a fmall, ftraggling town, of Glarnorganflure, feated between the ri- vers Taff and Romney, 5 miles N. of Lan- daff. One half of a round tower, here, part of it’s large, ancient caftle, overhangs it’s balls more than 9 feet, and is reckon- ed as great a curiofi'y as the leaning tower of Pi fa, in Italy. Market on Thursday. Caer C A G Caer Carodock , Sinopf. a hill near the conflux ot the Clun and the Temd. Caerleon, a town ot Monmouthfliire, once the metrop dis of all Wales, and the fee of an aichbdhop rill the year 521, when it was removed f o Mentvia, now St. Davi t’s. It is lituated on the river Ulk, 26 miles from Brittol, (to and from which trading veflels fail regularly every week) and 148 W. of London. Maiket on ThKr fday. Caermen in cultivating the land; they aifo make earthenware, and curious bnfk- ... The country is fertile, and they hav. !:rgc herds of cattle, which are lma!l, 1 ur very docile, coming at a whiffle. They have no priefls, yet under- go, at 9 years of age, the initiatory rite of the Hebi vs. The interior parts are lit- tie 'em./ « Cad: . * ijf , in Clare. Munfter. Cagl Cam 1 u . own of Ur hi no, featfcd on the C AG Li. < a large city, the capital of Saidin* ■ I ing 5 churches, befides the cat; . 23 convents, and about .50,000 m; Gvfoitiuus. It has a large and C A 1 fefcure harbour. Lat. 39. 27. N. Ion. 9, 14. E. Cahir , or Cabier , in Tipperajy, Mun- fler, 8 miles S. of- Caffiel, and 85 SW. of Dublin. Cabier, in Kerry, Munfter, NE. of Valentia Ifland. Cahircananvay Drun - gand, in Kerry, Munfter; certain high hills, over which a road pafies, hanging in a tre- mendous manner over the bay of Caftle- mayn, like that on Penmanmawr, in North Wales, except that it is here more (tony and dangerous. Cahirconlijh, in Limerick, Munfter. Cahirconlijh , in King’s County,. Leinfter. Cahirconrigh , a conical moun- tain of Kerry, Munfter, riling 700 yards above the level of the lea, and forming a peninfula between the bays of Caftlemayn and Tralee. Cahirdonel, in Kerry, Mun- fter. Cabirelly, Wtjl , in Limerick, Mun- fter. Cabirkegan, in Cork, Munfter. Ca- hir mee, in Cork, Munfter. Cahirmorres , in Galway, Connaught. Cahir Tyrant, the W. point of Ventry Harbour, in Kerry, Muniter. Cahors, a town in the dept, of Lot, feated on a peninfula made by the river Lot, in a country celebrated for wine, 50 miles NW. of Albi, and 287 nearly S. of Paris. Cajaneburg, or Cajana, a fmall town, the capital of E. Bothnia, fituated on the Lake Cajania, or Ula, where the ri- ver Pytia forms a tremendous cafcade. It forms part of a parifh, near 60 leagues in length, and 16 in breadth, and is 300 miles NE. of Abo. Lat. 64. 13. N. Ion. 27. 45. E. Cajazzo, a town of Lavora, 8 miles NE. of Capua. Caicos, Little and Great, a cluf- ter of fmall iflands, or rocks, between St. Domingo and the Bahamas. Lat. 21. 14. to 22. 23. N. Ion. 71. 40. to 7 1. 50. W. Caier, a river of Carmarthenfhire, which runs into the Tave in Cardyth Foreft. Caifong, a city of China, capital of the province of Honan. Lat. 34. 53. N. Ion. 1 14. 14. E. Caiman Islands, 3 in number, called Great Caiman , Little Caiman, and Caiman Brock, NW. of Jamaica, the inhabitants of which come here to catch tortoifes, which they carry horns alive. The former of thefe is inhabited by defendants ot the buccaneers. Lat. 1 9. 20. N. Ion. 8 1 . 40. W. Cairngorm , a mountain of Jnveinefs- fliire, famous for it’s rock cryftals. Cairn Hill, in Meath, Leinfter. Cairn- lough, in Antrim, Ulfter. Cairo, Grand Cairo, or El Ka- hera, the capital of Egypt, confifts of 3 towns, about a mile apart, Old Cairo, or Merfa* CAL Mefra, New Cairo, and the Port of Bulac. The inhabitants are about 300,000. Old Cairo is a fmall place, though it be the harbour for boats that come from Upper Egypr. New Cairo is about a mile from the river, and is 7 miles in circumference. It has 3 or 4 grand gates, but the Greets are narrow, and the beft.houles are gene- rally built round a court, having their windows within to the inclofed court, and presenting only a dead wall to the itreer. The calafh is a canal which conveys the waters of the Nile into the city; it is about 20 feet broad, and has houfes built on each fide of it. Here are ieveral pub- lic bagnios and caravanferas, and about 300 mofques, the lofty minarets of which prei'ent a very pi6turelque appearance. In the 15th century, this was one of the rich- eft and moft fioui idling cities in the world ; it has fince declined, but the Europeans have ftiil their confuls -and fa&ors here. It is feated near the E. bank of the Nile, joo miles S. of it’s mouth. Lat. 30. 3. N. Ion. 31. 23. E. Cairoan, or Kairwan, a town of Tunis, only fecond to that city (from which it is diftant 55 miles S.) in trade and number of inhabitants. Caithness, the moft northerly county of Scotland, bounded on the W. by Su- therlandftiire ; on the N. by the Pentland Frith, which divides it from the Orkney Iflands; and on the SE. by the German Ocean. It’s greateftextent is 35 miles from N to S. and 20 from E. to W. The SW. part is mountainous, and the abode of wild roes and other animals; the rocky fummits fhelter eagles, and other birds of prey, and the lakes are leforted to by i'wans, and various water-fowl. On the SW. this county ends in the promontory called the Ord of Caitlmefs. Along the fide of this lteep hill, impending above the fea, a winding road has been cut, which is the only entrance into this county from the S. The climate is good, and the foil round the coaft very improvable: here the Engbfh is fpoken ; but in the Highlands the Erie prevails. Caret, a town and country, in the northern part of Perfia, near Mount Cau- cafus. Lat. 43. 32. N. Ion. 46. 10. E. Calabar, a country of Upper Guinea, with a town and river of the fame narlte, where the Dutch have a factory. Lat. 16. N. Ion. 10. E. Calabria, a country of Naples, divid- ed into Ultra and Citra, or Farther Cala- bria, of which Reggio ts the capital, hav- ing Calabria Citra on the N. and the Me- diterranan on the E. S. and W, $ and CAL Hither Calabria, of which Coftnza is the capital, being bounded on the N. by Bafi- licata, on the E. by the Gulf of Tarento, and on the S. by Calabria Ultra. It is rich in vegetable and mineral productions, but liable to earthquakes. One of the moft terrible upon record happened here and in Sicily, in 1783. Befides the de« ftru6lion of many towns, villages, and farms, above 40,000 perfons perifhed by this calamity. Mountains were levelled, and valleys formed in an inftant; new ri- vers began to flow, and old ftreams were funk into the earth, and deftreyed ; plan- tations were removed from their fituations, and hills carried to places far diftant. At Scilla, a wave, which had fwept the coun- try for 3 miles, carried off, on it’s return, 2473 of the Inhabitants. Calahorra, a city of Old Caftile, fi- tuated near the Ebro, on the borders of Navarre. Calais, a fea-port town, in the dept, of Pas de Calais, ftrongly fortified, and de- fended with a citadel: it contains 1 parifti church, and between 4 and 5000 inhabit- ants. The ftreets are uniform and well paved. It is feated among marlhes, has an inland navigation, and a harbour for fmall veflcls. In time of peace, packet-boats fail twice a week between Dover and Calais. It is 21 miles ESE. of Dover, and 172 N. of Paris. Lat. 50. 58. N. Ion. 1. 56. E. Calamata, a town in the Morea, 13 miles W. of Mifitra. Calamianes, a clufter of iflands, be- tween Borneo and the Manillas, in the In- dian Ocean, N. of Parago. They are 17 in number, and are noted for the fwallows’ nefts that are gathered here for food : thefe are compofed of a vifcous matter, found by the birds floating on the fea, which, when diffolved in broth, is accounted a great delicacy. Lat. 11. o. N. Ion. ii 3 . 5. E. Calary t in Wicklow, Leinfter. Calatajud, a town of Arragon. Calatrava, a tbwn of La Mancha, fituated on the river Guadiana. Calbe, a town in the Old March, Brandenburg; and a town of Magdeburg. Calbendra , Cornwall, near Tregony. Calcar, a- town in Cleves, Weft, phaiia. Caiceden , Calenden , or Calvedon , near Coventry. Calcinato, a town in the Breflan. Calcutta, or Fort William, the emporium of Bengal, and feat of the go- vernor general of India, is feated on the W. fide of Hoogly River, at about 100 miles from it’s mouth, which is navigable up to the town for large fliips. In the begin- K ning. CAL rung of the prefent century it was a vil- lage, but now it is an extenfive city, fup- pofed to contain 500,000 inhabitants. The houl’es varioufly built, fome of brick, others with mud, and a greater number with bamboos and mats, make a motley appearance : and the mixture of European and Afiatic manners obferved in Calcutta, is wonderful $ coaches, phaetons, hacke- ries, two- wheeled carriages, drawn by bul- locks, palankeens, carried by the natives, the pafling ceremonies of the Hindoos, and the different appearances of the faquirs, form a diverfified and curious Icene. Here the governor general and council of Ben- gal retide, who have a control over the pre- fidencies of Madras, Bengal, and Bencoo- len. The lioufes have, many of them, the appearance of palaces, or temples, and their inhabitants are very hofpitable. The fi- tuation of this city is not happily chofen j for it has extenfive muddy lakes, and a vaff forett dole by it, from which, in fo hot a climate, unwholefome vapours mutt arife. Here are four judges* who difpenle juftice according to the laws of England. Calcutta is 1030 miles NE. by N. of Ma- dras. Lat. 22. 23. N. Ion. 88. 28. E. Caldkech , Cumb. E. of Wigton. C ai- de cot ■, Rutl. near Lydington. CaldecGt , Monrn. Caldecot , Bucks, in the pariih of Newport. Caldecot, Yorkf. near Leeds. Caldecot , 7 miles from Cambridge. Cal - decct, Chelh. NW. of Malpas. Caldecot, Herts, near Alhwell and Hinxworth. Cal- decot, Warw. near Granborough. Calde- cot , Northumb. in the manor of Eland. Caldecot, Warw. near Weddington, Cal- decot , or Calcot, Gloucefterf. near Coin St. Dennis. Calder, a*river of Yorkf. which riles on the edge of Lancalhire, and run- ning E. joins the river Aire, 2 miles N. of Pomfret. Calder, a river in Lancalhire, which runs into the Ribble, 3 miles S. of Clithero ; alfo another river of the fame name, which rifesrin Lane, and runs into the Wire near Garftang. Calder, Cumb. near Copeland Forett. Caldey IJland, Pem- brokef. near the fhore, 2 miles SW. of Tenby. Caldey, Magna and Parma, Chefh. on the Dee, near Hyle Lake. Caldicot, Gloucef. in the pariih of Guiting Power. Caldmerton , Northumb. in the barony of Vel'ey. Caldmore , Staff. N. of Walfal. Caldwell, near Bedford. Caldwell , Derb. in the pariih of Sfapenhill. Caldwell, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Forcet. Caldwell , Worcef. near Kidderminfter. Caledonia, New, a large illand in the S. Pacific Ocean, extending from lat. 19. o. to 23. o. S. and from Ion. 164. o. to 1 08 , »c # The inhabitants are ftrong CAL and a&ive ; their clothing is a wrapper made of the bark of a tree, or of leaves. They fubfift chiefly on roots, and cultivate the foil with fome art and induftry. From the hills, the fummits of which are, many of them, clothed with wood, fprir.g num- bers of rivulets, which fertilize the plains. Plantains ar.d lugar-canes are not plenti- ful ; bread-fruit is very fcarce, and the cocoa-nut trees are but thinly planted j but their yams and taras are in great abun- dance. Caledonia, New, a lea-port and fet- tlement on the ifthmus of Darien, founded by fome Scotch families, in 1699, but abandoned foon afferwards. Lat. 9. 30. N. Ion. 77. 36. W. Cale Hill, Kent, near Charing. Caleneerg, a principality of Brunf- wick, in Lower Saxony, lubjeft to Hano- ver. It contains about 36 towns, among which are Hanover, Hameln, Gottingen, and Newftadt. It takes it’s name from an ancient cattle, now in ruins, fituated on theLeina, 11 miles S. of Hanover. Calhourn, Hie of Wight, in W. Medina. Cali, a town and valley cf Popayan. Calicoulan, or Quilon, a Dutch fort and factory on the coatt of Malabar, 80 miles NW. of Cape Comorin. Calicut, a town of Hindooftan, the capital of a country, formerly the moft tloui idling on the Malabar coaft, and moft- ly fubjeft to a Brahman prince, called the Samorin. It is 95 miles SE. of Seringa- patam, and 320 miles SW. of Madias. The Englifh have a fa6tory here. Lat. 1 1. 18. N. Ion. 5. 40. E. The country of Calicut, or Malleami, is 25 leagues long, and from 14 fo 18 broad. It abounds with woods and ma>lhes, produces pepper, ginger, aloes, rice, &c. and the trees are always green. He:e is a tree which pro- duces a kind of dates, from which they ob- tain fugar and oil. In 1792, part of this territory was ceded to the Englifh by Tippoo Sultan. Caliddon, Northumb. in the manor of Eland. California, a large and fertile penin- fula, of N. America, on the Pacific Ocean, reaching nearly from the 23d to the 46th deg. of lat. and from 10 to 40 leagues wide. It is claimed by the Spaniards, who have a number of villages here, Sta. Maria, St. Ignatio, St. Ifidoro, &c. Calka. "See KalKA. Calke Abbey, near Derby. . Callaghan's Mills , in Clare, Munfter. Callaghene , in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Callaly Hall , Northumb. 4 miles W . of Alnwick. CALLANj C AM Callan, a town of Kilkenny, in Lein- fter, 65 miles from Dublin. Callan , in Kerry, Munfter. Chilian Mountain , in Clare, Munfter. Callao, a city, the port of Lima, in Peru, with a large, beautiful, and fafe harbour. Lat. 12. 9. S. Calla Susung, a town, capital of Bouton, in the Indian Ocean. The inha- bitants are Malays, but Mahometans. Callldon, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Callow Hill, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. ' Cal loo, a fortrefs of Wacs, on the Scheldt, 5 miles W. of Antwerp. Callow Hill , Staff, near Blith, Callow 'Land, Herts, near Watford. Calmar, a lea-port of Smaland, in Sweden, exporting planks, alum, hemp, &c. It is 150 miles SW. of Stockholm. Calmucs. See Kalmucs. * Calne, a town of Wilts, with a ma- nu factory of cloth, fituated on a river of the fame narne, 12 miles W. of Marlbo- rough, and 88 W. of London. Market on Tuefday. Callows, Wilts, near Chippenham. Calow, Dei b. SW. of Wirkfwm th. Ca- low, near Hereford. Caljhoi Cajlle, Hants, at the entrance of Southampton Bay. Cal- fiock, Cotmv. between Exeter and Truro. Calfton, Wilts, near Market Lavington. Caltkorp, Norf. near Erpingham. Calton , Yorkf. YV. Riding, E. of Settle. Caltragh, in Galway, Connaught. Calvados, a department of France, fo called from a long ridge of rocks, of the fame name, on the coaft of Normandy. It extends from the mouth of the Seine, eaft- erly to the river Vire, wefterly, about 50 miles, and 30 miles from N. to S. Caen is the chief town. Calver , Derb. in the High Peak, Cal- * verley , Yorkf. near Bradford. Calverley, Chelh. near Minfhnll,. Calverjlown , in Kildare, Leinfter. Calverthorp. Lincolnf. W. of Sleaford. Calverion , Bucks, 1 mile from Stony Stratford. Calverton, Nott. S. of Sher- vvood Foreft. Calves ljlands ,- in Cork, Munfter, 3 iftes between Cape Clear and the Main. Calvet Houfe , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Mucker, in Swaledale. Calvet Heath, Staff: Cal Vi, a -town of Lavora, 5 miles N. of Capua. Cal vi, a fea port, diftrift, and gulf (forming a beautiful harbour) of Corlica, or^the N W. coalt, about 32 miles SW. of Baftia. Lat. 42. 26. N. Ion. 9. 16. E. Cam, Glouc. 1 mile from Durfley j' the inhabitants are chiefly clothiers. Cam, a ri- ver of Cambridgefi. and another of Glouc. C A M Camana, a town, jurifdiflion, and ri- ver of Peru, near the S. Pacific Ocean. It is 70 miles W. of Arequipa. Camaran, an ifland in the Red Sea, about 30 miles long and 20 broad. The inhabitants are moftly employed in fifhing for pearls and coral. Lat. 15. 6. N. Camaret, a lea-port in the dept, of Finifterre, on a bay of the fame name, about 8 miles S. of Breft. Camaron , a river in Radnorfhlre, which runs into the Ytlion near Llanbadon. Cambas, Pembrokef. 3 miles from Ha- verfordweft. Camberlow Green, Herts, between B ddock and Buntingford. Cam - berton, HereL between Leominfter and Shropfhire. Camberwell , Surry, z miles SSE. of London, in the road to Croydon. Cambay, a city of Guzerat, in Hin- dooftan, fituated on a gulf of the fame name, which is full of recks, covered at low water. The country abounds in corn, cattle, filk, &c. and cornelian and agate ftones are found in the rivers. The inha- bitants are noted for embroidery, fome of their quilts having been valued at 4c]. apiece. They trade in fpices, elephants’ teeth, filk fluffs, cotton, and other mer- chandife, which are brought here from all parts, and fent to Acheen, Goa, Arabia, Perfia, &c. It is fubjeft to the Poonah Mahrattas, and is 57 miles nearly S. of Amedabad, of which it is the port. Lat. 22. 25. N. Ion. 72. 10. E. Cambodia, or Camboja, a kingdom of Alia, S. of Loos, SE. of Siam, and SW. of Cochin China. It’s principal ri- ver and chief city bear the fame name. Lat. 13.10. N.lon.T04.5.E. SeeMECAN, Camborn, Cornwall, near Redruth. Cambr ay, a large city, in the dept, of the North, before the revolution the capi- tal of Cambrefis. It has a confiderable manufadlory of lace, linen, leather, foap, and cambrics, which took their name from this city. It contains 10 parifhes, and about 3000 houfes, and is feated on the Scheldt, which divides it into two, 22 miles SE. of Arras, and 102 NE. of Paris. Cambresis, a ci-devant province of France, in the environs of Cambray. It is now included in the dept, of the North. Cambria, a Welch fettlement, lately founded in Somerfet county, Pennfylvania. *C a ME RIDGE, the county- town ofCam- bridgefhire, and. feat of a celebrated Ur;i- verfity, is fituated on the river Cam, which divides it into two unequal parts. The Univerfity contains 12 colleges and 4 halls. It’s builhirgs are elegant, and it’s libra- ries and cabinets valuable and extenfive. The town-hall and county-hall are the K z only CAM only buildings of note that do not apper- tain to the univerfity. The ftreets are narrow, but well paved, and the houfes, above izoo in number, are old ; the mar- ket place is fpacious, and in it is a hand- fome done cqnduit, to which water is con- veyed by an aquedufl. It’s chief trade is water-carriage from hence to Downham, Lvnn, Ely, See. Cambridge is So miles ENE. of Oxford, 17 nearly S. of Ely, and 51 N. by E. of London. Markets every day in the week, Sunday and Monday ex- cepted. Cambridge, Gloucef. near Berkeley, on the river Cam. Cambridge, a village of Maflachufets Bay, in N. America. It has an univerfi- ty, which, with refpe6l to it’s library, phi- lofophica! apparatus, and profelforlhips, is the firft literary inditution in America. It has generally from 1 20 to 1 50 dudents, and is 4 miles W. of Bodon. Cambridge Heath , Midd. near Hackney. Cambridgeshire, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the W. and SW. by the counties of Bedford, Huntingdon, and Northampton; on the NW. by Lincolnf. on the NE. by Norfolk, on the E. by Suf- folk, and on the S. by Edex and Herts. It is 50 miles in length, from N. to S. and 25 broad from E. to W. and contains 17 hundreds, 9 market towns, and 163 pa- rifhes. The air and foil vary; fome parts, efpecially the fouthern and eadern, are pleafant and healthy ; but the northern, or fenny country, is low and watery, the wa- ters of the middle part of England, which do not run into the Thames or Trent, falling into thefe fens. See Bedford Level. Cambus, Northumb. near Blythe. Cam- den Houfe , Midd. W. of Kenfington Palace. Camden, a town of S. Carolina; and a county of N. Carolina. Camden, a town of Gloucederlhire, with a manufa< 5 lure of dockings, 18 miles NE. of Giouceder, and 87 NW. by W. of London. Came , near Dorcheder. Camel , Queens, Somerf. between Ilcheder and Wincanton. ; *Camelford, a town of Cornwall, with a market (on Friday) for yarn, of which a great quantity is fpun in this place and neighbourhood. It is Tested near the river Camel, or Alan, 20 miles W. of Launcedon, and 229 W. by S. of London. Camelford , Yorkf. near Ferrybridge. Camely . Somerf. near E. Harptree. Ca- mtringbam , Line. S. of Saxby. Camerina, a town of Ancona. Camerton, Somerf. near Timlborough. CAM Camerton , Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Camef- worth , Dorf. S. of Beminder. Caminha, a town of Portugal, fituated at the mouth of the Minho, in the province- of Entre Douro e Minho. Camltt, a riv?r, in Shropf. which runs into the Severn below Caerbury. Cam- mas, Northumb. S. of Wan fpeck river. Cammin, a lea port, of Pruflian Pome- rania, fituated on a part of the Oder, called the Lake of Boden, 35 miles N. of Stettin. Camolin , in Wexford, Leinder. Campagna di Roma, a province of Italy, the greattft part of the ancient La- tium, extending 44 miles in length, and 33 in breadth. It is fub]e6t to the pope, and was formerly one of the mod populous and bed cultivated fpots on the globe ; few villages, however, little cultivation, and fcarcely any inhabitants are now to be feen ; but the ruins of temples, and tombs Mat- tered over the wade, prefent the idea of a country depopulated by a pedilence. The principal places are Rome, Velletri, Frel- cati, Paledrina, Terracina, Nettuno, and Odia. Campana, a town of Abruzzo Ultra; a town of Calabria Citra ; and a town of Seville. Campania, (the ancient) was account- ed the molt fruitful and pleafant country in Italy, now Terra di Lavora, in Naples. Campbelton, a large and increafing town of Argylcfhire, fituated on a bay of the fame name, towards the fouthern extre- mity of the peninfula of Cantyre. It has a confiderable trade, being the general ren- dezvous of the filhing velfels that annual- ly vifit the W. coad. The bay is beau- tiful, capacious, and fafe, being 2 miles in length, half a mile in width,, and having from 5 to 9 fathom water, with a ftiff clay ; bottom: it is alio land locked on every fide, and fereened at the entrance by a lofty, fmall idand, which breaks the vio- lence of the winds and the force of the waves. Lat. 55. 29. N. Ion. 5. 42. W". Campeachy, a town of Mexico, in the peninfula of Yucatan, on the E. coaft of the Bay of Campeachy. It was for- merly the chief mart for logwood. Lat. 19 30. N. Ion. 91. 24. W. Campen, a town of Overyflel, fituated on the E. fide of the Zuyder Zee, 44 miles NE. of Amderdam. Campoli, a town of Abruzzo Ultra. Campo Major, a town of Alentejo. Campredon, a town of Catalonia. Campfall, Yorkf. 4 miles SE. of Ponte- fraft. Camfs Caflle , and Shady , 15 miles from Cambridge, bordering on Edex. Campfey Hills , Stirlinglhire. Campion, CAN Campton , Bedf. near Wreft. Cams, Hants, SE. of Fareham. Camfnvick, Wrftmor. near Kendal. Cam , Upper, Glouc. S. of Cambridge. Can , a river in EflTex. Can, Dorf. SE. of Shaftlbury.* Canada, a country of N. America, N. of the United States, ex'ending about 700 miles in length, from NE. to SW. and about 200 in breadth. It is fubjeft to Great Britain, and tjhe religious eftablifh- ment is theft of the church of Rome. By an a£f of parliament, in 1791, the coun ry was divided into Upper Canada, of which Montreal is the capital; and Lower Ca- nada, of which Quebec is the chief city ; and a conftituticn, partly refembling that of England, was given to each of thefe provinces. The winter here for 6 months is very fevere : the cleared lands are very fertile, and the vegetables various, and corn ripens in two months time, vegeta- tion being always wonderfully accelerated where the feal’on is fhort. Furs and fkins are obtained here in great quantities, (the Canadian merchants having, of late years, interfered greatly, even with the Hudfon’s Bay Company, exploring numerous na- tions inland, and fending many large ca- noes into the interior country). The ri- vers, lakes, and bays are numerous, large, and deep, and well fupplied with fifh. Here are feveral ancient and extenfive fo- refts, and the tribes of Indians are numer- ous. Canal, the Duke of Bridgewa- ter’s, a ftupendous work, begun in 1758, at Worfeley Mill, 7 miles from Manchef- ter, where, at the foot of a mountain, com- posed in a great meafure of coal, a bafin is cut, capable of containing all the boats ar.d a great body of water, which ferves as a refervoir to the navigation. The canal runs through a hill, by a fubterranean paf- fage, nearly three quarters of a miie to the duke’s coal works. In fome places it is cut through the folid rock ; in others arched over with brick. Air-funnels, fome of which are 37 yards perpendicular, are cut at certain diltances through the rock to the top of the hill. At Barton Bridge, 3 miles from the bafin, is an aque- du&, which, for upwards of 200 yards, conveys the canal acrofs a valley, and alfo more than 4.0 feet above the navigable ri- ver Jrwell. There are 3 arches over this river; the centre one is 63 fett wide, and 38 high, admitting the largeft barges to pafs underneath with their marts and fails rtanding. At Longford Bridge, the canal turns to the right, and crofling the river Merfey, partes near Altringharn, Dunham, Grapenhall, and Kaulton, into the tide- CAN way of the Merfey, at Runcorn Gap» whence the barges can pafs to Liverpoo 1 at low' water. This navigation is 29 miles in length; it falls 95 feet, and was finifhed in 5 years, under the direction of tha: excellent engineer, Mr. Biindley. Coals, which, before this canal was finifli- ed, were retailed in Manc’nefter, at yd. per hundred weight, are now fold (feven (core to the hundred weight) at 3^1. Canal, the Grand Trunk, or Staffordshire Canal, was begun in 1766, under the direction of Mr. Brindley, in order to form a communication between the Merfey and the Trent, and of courfe between the It ifh Channel and the German Ocean. It is 92 miles in length, from the Duke of Bridgewater’s canal, at Prefton on the Hill, in Cherti. to Wildon Ferry, in Derby/hire, where it communicates with the Trent. It is carried over the river Dove in an aquedu£t of 23 arches, and the ground is railed for more than a mile to a confulerable height; it is alfo carried over the Trent by an aqueduct of 6 arches : at Harecartle Htil, it is conveyed under ground a mile and a half; at Barton, in Chefliire, a fubterraneous paflage is effect- ed of 560 yards in extent, and in the fame neighbourhood another of 350: and, at Prefton on the Hill, where it joins the duke’s canal, it pafles under ground 1241 yards. From the neighbourhood of Staf- ford, a branch is made from this canal, to near Wolverhampton, and to join the Se- vern near Kidderminfters from this again two other branches are carried, one to Bir- mingham, and theother to Worcefter. Since the eftablilhment of thefe canals, many other extenfive ones have been projected and executed, in mod of the inland, and fome of the maritime counties. Canal, the Grand, in Ireland, com- mences in Dublin, at the weft end of the town, and is intended to be carried to the river Shannon. It already communicates with the Barrow, whereby a communica- tion is opened between the metropolis and Athy, Carlow, Rofs, Waterford, Clon- mel, &c. There are paflage-boats daily from the city to Sallar,$, Monaftereven, and Athy, and from thefe places to Dub- lin ; and veflels carrying goods are conti- nually parting and repaffing. The execu- tion of this work was an arduous bufinefs j befide having to cut through hard and rocky ftrata, and conftruCt aqueduCls over the valleys and rivers, they had to carry it through a long traCl of turf- bog, which, for a confulerable time, baffled their ef- forts, as, from it’s fluid-like confidence, it was prefled into, or filled up, the cut or K 3 channel* CAN channel, whenever they ceafed digging. Thefedifficulties, however, were furmount- ed, and the canal itfelf has proved fuel) a drain to the bog, as to enable the people to reclaim a great extent of it, and bring it under cultivation. By a branch, which has been carried, at an immenl'e expence, by a circuitous courfe round the S. fide of the city, the Grand Canal now communis cates with the harbour of Dublin. There are other canals and modes of inland na- vigation by the rivers and lakes, both in the N. and W. of Ireland. The Royal Canal, on the N. fide of Dublin, is not yet completed. Canal, the Great, in Scotland, forms the long-wilhed for junction between the Forth and the Clyde. This bold de- fign, conceived* above a century ago, is now fuccefs fully executed upon a fcale far above the ufual dimenfions of the larged canals, in England, and admits of veffels conftrufted for foreign trade, provided the breadth of the beam be foimewhat lefs than so teet, and their draught of water a little under 8. The extreme length of this ca- nal, from the Forth to the Clyde, is 35* Englifh miles. In the f’pace of 30 miles it is carried over 36 rivers and rivulets, befides two great roads, by means of 38 aqueduft bridges. In the courfe of this inland navigation, which may be perform- ed in lefs than 18 hours, many (hiking feenes prefent themfelves to view. But above all others, the. ftupendous aqueduft* bridge, over the Kelvin, near Glalgow, 400 feet in length, carrying a great artifi- cial river over a natural one in a deep val- ley, where large veffels fail along at the height of 70 feet above the bed of the ri- ver below, is one of the features of this ftupendous work, which, gives it a pre- eminence over any of a fimilar nature in Europe. Yet, however fingular and ftrik- ing this may appear, with refpeft to pic- turefque beauty, the utility of this com- munication between the Eaftern and Weft- ern Sea to navigation and commerce, is a more important confideration, as it fhortens the nautical diftance 800, and, in fome cales, 1000 miles, and affords a iafe and fpeedy navigation, particularly at the end of the le don, to veffels bound to Ireland, or the weftern ports of Great Britain, that are too long detained in the Baltic, and that cannot attempt the voyage round by the N. Sea, without danger of fliipwreck, or the market being loft from delay. Canal ci-devant Royal, or of Lan- guedoc, was begun in 1666, in order to effeft: an inland communication between the Atlantic and Mediterranean, and finilh- CAN ed in 1682. It is carried over 37 aque- d ufts, and croffed by 8 bridges. From the port of -Cette, in the Mediterranean, it erodes the Lake of Thau, and below Thou- loufe is conveyed by 3 fluices into the Ga- ronne. The refervoirs of water, collefted from the hills for the fupply. of this navi- gation, are immenfe. From one of thefe, the water is conveyed by 3 large brafs cocks, with mouths as large as a man’s body, yet though thefe remain open for months fucceffively, there is no vifible di- minution of water in the great refervoir. Between Beziores and Gapeftan, is the Mai Pas, where the canal is conveyed for the length of 720 leer, under a mountain cut into a lofty arcade, lined with freeftone, except where it is rock. At A.dge there is a curious, round fiuice, lock, or cham- ber, with three openings, three different depths of the water or levels meeting here ; and the gates are fo contrived, that veffels may pals into any one of them by opening the fiuice belonging to it. There are 15 locks upon it i;i the fall towards the ocean, and 4.5 on the fide of the Me- diterranean. Regular locks for carrying boats over eminences were firft erefted in France. Canalegie , Cornwall, S. of Padftow. Cananore, a large lea-port, on the coaft of Malabar, ceded to the Euglilh by Tippoo Sultan, in 1792. Lat. 12. o. N. Ion. 75. 14. E. Canara, a country of Myfore, on, the coaft of Malabar, fubjeft to Tippoo Sul- tan. The principal places are Mangalore, Barcelore, Onore, and Carwar. Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, near the continent of Africa-, are 7 in number, namely, Grand Canary, the chief, 42 miles long and 27 broad; it’s ca- 1 pital, Canary, is a well-built town ; Palma, Ferro, Gomera, Teneriff, Fuertaventura, and Lancerota ; to which, however, may be added, feveral fmaller ifies, as Gracio- fa, Roccas, Allegranza, St. Clare, Inferno, and Lobos. They are fubjeft to the Spa- niards, and produce wheat, fugar-canes, wine, and excellent fruits, and it is hence that the Canary birds originally came. Lat. from 27. 30. to 29. 30. N. Ion. from 12 o. to 17. 50. W. Cancalle, a bay and fea port, on the coaft of France, 10 miles E. of St. Maloes. Candahar, a kingdom of Afia, be- tween Perfia and the river Indus. The dominions of the fultan of this country extend weftward to the neighbourhood of the city of Terfhifti, including, befidts Candahar Pioper, Cabal, Ghozni, part of Segtftan, and part of Korafan ; a traft ex- tending CAN tending 650 miles in length, it’s breadth unknown $ on the E. fide of the Indus lie poflefles the territory of Cafhmere, and fome i'mall diftri&s above the city of At- tock. Thel'e countries are all called by the general name of the country of th“ Abdallis. It’s capital is Candahar, a rich, trading town, liquated on the river Her- mend, in the road from Ifpahan to Delhi, 145 miles SW. of Cabul. Lat. 33. o. N. ion. 65. 30. E. Caudal B flop's, Caudal Marfli, Caudal Purfe, Caudal Sturton , and Caudal Wake , Dorfetfhiie. Candeish, a rich and populous pro- vince in Hindooltan, fubjeft to the Poonali Mahrattas. It is bounded on the N. by Malvva ; on the W. by Guzerat ; on the E.' by Berar : and on the S. by Dowlatabad. Canderton , Wore, near Strenfliam. Candia, an illand, in the Mediterra- nean, formerly Crete, S. of the Archipela- go, about 150 miles in length, and from 15 to 45 in breadth. It produces corn, wine, oil, wool, filk, and excellent honey, and is chiefly inhabited by Greeks. Mount Ida, in the middle of the ifland, is a huge, barren, (harp-pointed eminence. It’s ca- pital, Candia, though formerly populous, is now in a manner deferted, there being little but rubbifh, except at the bazar, or market-place, and the harbour being only fit for boats. It is 500 miles from Con- ftantinople. Lat. 35. 10. N. Ion. 25. 23. E. Candle Bfliop's \ fee Caudal Bfliop's. Candlejby, Line. NE. of Spilfby, Candle- Jhonv, Line, near Candlefby. Candy, a kingdom of Ceylon, contain- ing about a quarter of the ifland. It is mountainous, and abounds with rivulets, which the inhabitants are dexterous in turning to water their land, which is fruit- ful in rice, pulfe, and hemp. The king is abfolute, and his fubje6ls are idolatrous. It’s capital is of the fame name, but is not the residence of the king. Lat. 7. 45. N. Ion. 80. 52. E. Canea, a town on the NW. coaft of Candia, with a good harbour, 60 miles W. of Candia. Cane 7 , Grotto del. See Grotto del Cane. Canejby t Line, near W. Haulton. Caneto, a town of Mantua, fituated on the Oglio. Cane'-wdon , Eflex, near Walfleet. Cam Wood, Midd. near Hampftead. Canfieldy Magna and Parma, Eflex, near Dunmow. Canford Lazuuds and Parma, Dorfetf, near the Stour, ealtward of Winborn Minfier. Cangerecora, a large river, of the peniniula of Hindooftan* descending from CAN the Gaut Mountains, and flowing SW. the coaft of Malabar. Canham, Suffolk, near Edmunfbury. Canina, a diftrift and it’s capital, in the N. part of Turkifh Albania. ' Caniaderago, Lake, in the ftate of New York, W. of Lake Orlego : it is about 9 miles long, but narrow. Lat. 42. 43. N. Ion. 75. W. Cank, or Cannock , StafF. near Penkridg'e. Canley , Warw. a hamlet of Stonelty. Can nay, one of the Weftern Ifles of Scotland, SW. of the Ifleof Skye. In this ifland are vaft ranges of bafaltic columns, rifi ng one above another, from the fea, and forming a caufeway of furprifing extent, the furface of which is fmooth and regu- lar, like a paved ftreet. C a N n ae , in ancient geography, a'town of Apulia, rendered famous by a terrible overthrow', which the Romans received from the Carthaginians, under Hannibal. The feene of a&ion is, to this day, mark- ed by the name of Pezzo di Sangue, the Field of Blood. The modern name of Cannae, if this place exifts at all, and is not entirely abandoned, is Canne, fituat- ed in the country of Bari. Many writers have miftaken it for Canufium, now Ca- nola. Cannel , or Catnel , SufF. E. of Needwood Foreft. Cannington , Somerf. 2 miles from Bridgewater. Cannings , Bifhop's , Wilts, near Devizes. Cannonby , Cumb. part of Crofsby. Cannon Frome, near Hereford. Cannons , Midd. near Edgeware. Can- non's Leigh, Devonf. between Tiverton and Wellington, Cannons , Little, Herts, in the parifli of Shenley. Cannons , Eflex, near Nettlefwell. Cannons , Surry, in the parifli of Banftead. Canoeio, a town of Milan, fituated on the W. fide of Lake Maggiore, 30 miles W. of Como. Canoge, a town in the country of Oude, fituated on the W. bank of the Ganges, near it’s confluence with the Ca- lini. It is 50 miles W. of Lucknow. Canosa, anciently Canusium, atown of Bari, Naples, 31 miles W. of Bari. Canso, a cape, ifland, and fea- port town, near the NE. coaft of Nova Scotia, on a ftrait, which feparates it from Cape Breton. Lat. 45. 20. N. Ion. 60. 55. W. Canstadt, a town of Wirtemburg, fituated on the Neckar, 3 miles NE. of Stutgard. Cantal, a department of France, fo called from a high mountain, in it’s centre, 14 miles from St. Flour, and 16 from Au- rillac. Before the revolution, it was part of Auvergne. Tilt chief town is St. Flour. K4 Cantazaro, CAN C antaz ARO, a town of Calabria Ultra. ♦Canterbury, an ancient city of Kent, the fee of an archbifhop, primate of all England. The filk manufa£luies, fidt introduced by the French refugees, are ftill carried on here, though on the decline ; the principal manufa&ures are worded and Canterbury muflins, made of filk and cot- ton. It is alfo noted for it’s fine brawn, and the adjacent country produces abun- dance of hops. It is fituated on the river Stour, 26 miles'SE. by E. of Rocheftcr, and 5 5 from London. Markets on Wed- nefday and Saturday. Canter-wood, Kent, in Eltham parifh . Canierton , Hants, in the New Forelt. Cantin, Cafe, on the W. coaft of Morocco, in 1 st. 32. 30. N. Cantley, 8 miles E. of Norwich. * Cant- ley , Yoikf. S. of Doncafter. Canton, or Quang-tc heou, a large, populous, and wealthy city of China, leat- ed on one of the fined rivers in the empire. It is the capital of the province of Quan- tong, and the centre of the European trade in that country. It confids of three towns, divided by high walls. Temples, magni- ficent palaces, and courts are numerous. The llreets are long and draight, paved with flag flones, and adorned with lofty arches. The houfes are remarkably neat, but confid of only one dory, and they have no windows to the dreet. The covered market-places are full of Ihops. They have manufa6lutes of their own, efpecially of filk-dufl's. The number of inhabitants is computed at 1,000,000, many of whom refide in barks, which form a kind of floating city j they touch one anaiher, and are fo ranged as to form dreets. Each bark lodges a family and their grand children, who have no other dwelling. At break of day, all the people who inhabit them, depart to fifh, or to cultivate their rice. Lit. 23. 8. N. Ion. 113.E. Canirebychan , E. of Carmarthen. Can- tremenv , N. of Carmarthen. Cantyre, a peninfula of Argylefhire, 50 miles long from N. to S. and from 5 to 8 broad. Acrofs the ifthmus which joins it on the N. to the mountainous dif- tricl of Knapdale, and which is fcarcely a mile broad, it has been ufual to draw boats and i'mall veflels, in order to avoid the dangerous navigation round the head- land, amid Ihoals and currents. A canal might eafily be cut acrofs it. To the S. the pemnlula terminates in a great pro- montory, furrounded by a group of dan- gerous rocks, called the Mull of Cantyie. The foil in general is fertile, particularly in the S. parts. CAP Canvey, Isle, Eflex, .about 5 mil e in length, from Hole Haven to Leigh, is often ovei flowed by the Thames, (which is here 2 miles over) except the hilly part, to which tlie Iheep that are fed here in great numbers, at fuch times retire. Cantwell, Staff. 3 miles SW. of Tam- worth. Cannwick, near Lincoln. Ca- nyeke , Cornw. at the NW. point of the Land’s End. Caorla, a town and ifland, of Friuli, Venice. . CaPACCIO, a town in Principato Qitra. Cape Breton. See Breton, Cape * and other Capes, in like manner, lee under their refpe&ivc names, Clear, Cape j Good Hope, Cape of, &c. Capel, Kent, SE. of Tunbridge. Ca- pel, Kent, between Folkeftor. and Dover. Capel, Suff. near Or ford. Capel , Yorkf. N. of Howden. Capella , St. Spirituous , Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Capellar Hill, Her f: near Biockhampton. Cap ell e, a town in the dept, of Aifne, 8 miles NE. of Guife; a town in the dept, of the Lot ; and a town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais. Capel' s Court , Kent, near Ivy Church, in Romney Marfh. Catestan . a town in the dept, of He- rault, 9 miles N. of Narbonne. Capejlhorn , Chelh. 3 miles SW. of Macclesfield. Capheaton , North umber! . 12 miles from Ncwcaltle. Capitanata, a province of Naples, bounded on the S. by the countries or Bari and Bafilicata, by Molifo on the W. and the Adriatic on the N. and E. It is a level country, without trees-, a landy foil, and hot air; but the land near the rivers is fertile in paftures. The principal towns are Manfredonia, Troja, Mount St. An- gelo, Foggia, and Vulturara. Capo Fino, a large, barren rock, with a callle on it’s eaftern peak, and a harbour of Genoa. Lat. 44.. 19. N. Capo d’Istria, a confiderable town on the gulf of Triefte, lately iubjeft to Ve- nice. Cappa , in Waterford,* Mtinfter. Cap- pzghtaggel, in Galway, Connaught. Cap - pah, in Tipperary, Munfter. Cappel Canon , and Cappel St . Silim , Cardiganfhire. Capperncne , in Mayo, Connaught. Cappoquin , or Caperquin, in Waterford, Manlier, 97 miles from Dublin. Capraj a, a mountainous ifland, NE. of Corfica, about 5 leagues in circumference. It is furrounded with rocks, except in one part, where there is a good harbour, near the town of Capraja. Capri, CAR Capri, anciently Caprea, a town and Jfland, 5 miles in length and 2 in' breadth, in the bay of Naples, where the Emperor Tiberius occafionally refided, indulging himfelf in debaucheries, and iffuing his bloody orders of execution. It is moun- tainous but fertile, with great plenty of quails and other game. Capua, a large ci f y of Lavora, Naples, built in the 9th century, near the ruins of the ancient Capua. It is 15 miles N. of Naples. Car, Lancaf. near Prefcot. Car, a ri- ver in Dorfetf, Caraccas, or St. Juan de Leon, a town and didrift of Terra Firma, bound- ed by the provinces of Venezuela on the W. Cumana on the E. and the Caribbean Sea on the N. Lat. 10. 3. N. Ion, 65. 10. W. Caramania, a province of Natolia, which comprehends the ancient Pamphy- lia, and a great part of Cilicia, Pifidia, and Cappadocia. It is now divided into 7 fangiacais, of which Cogni is the principal. Caramanta, a province of Terra Firma, lying on both Tides the river Cauca. It is a valley, furrounded by high moun- tains, in which are rivulets, whencethe na- tives get good fait. It’s capital is Cara- manta. Lat. 5. 18. N. Ion. 75. 15. W. Car an , a river in Gloucef. Carantock, Cornw. near Pad flow. Caravacca, St. Cruz de, a town of Murcia. Carberton, Nott. in the pari/h of Eden- ftow. Carbridge , Oxf. SW. of Witney. Carbroke , Nort. near Watton. Carbury , in Cork, Munfter. Carcalton , or Coljlon, Nott. on the N. fide of Bingham. Carcassone, a town of France, in the dept, of Aude, divided into the Upper and Lower Towns, by the Aude, over which there is a handfome flone bridge. The Upper Town, or the city, is very ancient j the Lower ia modern, in the form of a long fquare, regularly built, and provided with an aqueduff which brings the water of the river to different fountains. Here are ma- nufactures of fine and other cloths. It is 15 miles W. of Narbonne, and 400 S. of Paris. Carcle'iv, Cornw. 2 miles from Pentryn. Carden, Chelh. NW. of Malpas. Carden Hall, Cumb. S. of Carlifle. * Cardiff, a compaft and well-built town of Glamorganfhire, with very exten- five and confiderable old walls, and a har- bour 3 miles down the river; but veffels of 200 tons burden can come up to the town. This town has a confiderable trade CAR with Briftol and other places j and near it are works of caff and wrought iron. A canal, 25 miles in length, has been lately completed, from Cardiff to the iron-works at Merthyr Tidvil, Cardiff is the county-town of Glamorganfhire, feated on the river Taff, or Tave, 3 miles from the Severn, 12 E. of Cowbridge, and 164 W. of London. Markets on Wed- nefday and Saturday. * Cardigan., the county-town of Car- diganshire, is large, populous, and plea- fantly fituated on the riwr Tivy, over which there is a handlome bridge. In it’s neighbourhood are iron and tin works, eftablifhed about the year 1768. It is 33 miles NE. by E. of St. David’s, and 225 WNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Cardiganshire, a county of South Wales, is bounded on the W. by Cardi- gan Bay, in the Irifh Channel ; on the N. and NE. by Merionethshire and Montgo- mcryfhire; on the E. and SE. by Radnor- fhireand Brecknockfhire; and on the S. by Carmarthenfhire. It extends 42 miles in length, and 20 in breadth, and is divided into 5 hundreds, which contain 6 market towns, and 64 parifhes. The air is milder here than in mort parts of Wales. To the S. and W. are plains fruitful in corn ; but the N. and E. parts are a continued ridge of bleak mountains, yet there are paftures well flocked with fheep and cattle. Here is alfo plenty of tame and wild fowl, and it is well fupplied with fifh from the fea, and from it’s own lakes and rivers, near which there is a great number of otters. The fountains abound with lead and filver ore, mines of which have feveral times been worked to advantage. The principal ri- vers are the Tivy, Rydal, and the Iflwith. Cardigan Bay lies on the coaft. Cardingham, Cornw. NE. of Bodmin. Cardington , SE. of Bedford. Cardington, Shropf. between Bifhop's Caftle and Wen- lock. Cardijfon, Norf. near Repeham. Cardock Hill, Shropf. near Cardington. Cardona, a town of Catalonia, feated on an eminence near the river Cardonero, 40 miles NNW. of Barcelona. A moun- tain in the neighbourhood yields immenfe quantities of a fair, of various colours. Cardunack, Cumb. in the parifli of Boulnefs. Careby, Line. 8 miles N. of Stamford. Carehoufe, Northumb. between Hexham and Bellingham. Carelia, the SE. part of Finland, now moftly included in the government of Wi burg, and fubjeft to RufTia. Carentan, a town in the dept, of the Channel, with a harbour for fmall veffels. It is 6 miles S. of Cherburg, It C A R Carefwell , Staff. W. of Cheadle. Ca- refley , Warw. N. of Coventry. Cary Lites, Sam erf. E. of Somerton. Carey's Fort, 7 miles SW. of Wicklow. Carglllen , Cornw. between Dulo and Moruai. Cargeron , Coinw. 2 miles NE. ot Saltaih, Carhampton , Somerf. near Du niter. Cariati, Nuov.a and Vecchia, 2 towns of Calabria Citra. Caribbee Islands. See Indies, West. Carigaline , in Leitrim, Connaught. Carigaline, in Cork, Munlter. Carignan, a town in the dept, of the Ardennes, fituated on the Chiers, 9 miles ESE. of Sedan. Carignano, a town and principality of Savigliano, in Piedmont, Hated on the Po. 8 miles S. of Turin. Carigtowbiil, in Cork, Munlter. Carimon Java, three or four illands, N. of J iva, where European (hips touch for refrdhments in their voyage to Borneo. Lat. 5. 56. S. Ion. 109. 15. E. Carincbam, Cheftt. 3 miles NW. of Congleton. Carington, Chefii. in the pa- ri Ih of Bowden. Carinola, a town of Lavora, Naples, 13 miles NE. of Capua. Carinthia, divided into Upper and Lower, a duchy in the circle of Aultria, bounded on the N. and E. by Stiria and Saltzburg', and on the W. by the Tyro- lefe ; mountainous and woody, with a great number of lakes, yet abounding in corn. Carijhrook CajUe , Ifie of Wight, a little S. of Newport. King Charles I. was im- prifoned here 13 months* Caristo, or Castel Rosso, a town 3 n Negropont, fituated at it’s fouthern ex- tremity. Carlanjjoavn, in Meath, Leinfter, nearly 33 miles from Dublin. Cadbury , Durh. near Darlington. Carl - by, Line. N. of Stamford J C.arleton , Eaft Carleton , or Carleton Rode , Norf. NE. of Buckenham. Carleton , or Carleton in Lin - derick , Nott. 4 rmles SW. of Blith. # Carlingford, a fea-port town, in Louth, Leinfter, chiefly noted for it’s fine oyfters. The harbour is between 3 and 4 miles long', and as many broad, and the largeft vefleJs may anchor here in 20 fa- thom water. It is 52 miles nearly N. of Dublin. Carlingthwate Hall , Derby f. NE. of AJfreton. * Carlisle, an ancient city, the capi- tal of Cumberland containing between 8 and 9000 inhabitants. It is pleafantly fitu- C A R ated on a rifing ground, in a fertile coun- try, near the confluence of 3 fine rivers, the Eden, the Peterell, and the Canda, or Caude, all abounding with fifn, and by which it is eearly furrounded. It has long been noted for making whips and fifli- hooks ; and confiderahle quantities of printed linens, checks, cottons, futiians, hats, (anned leather, nails, coari'e knives, ftockings, Sec. are manufa£Iured here. It is 60 miles S. of Edinburgh, and 301 NNW. of London. Markets on Wednef- dav and Saturday. Carlisle, the county-town of Cum- berland, in Pennfylvania. It contains about 1600 inhabitants, and 300 ftone houfes, befides 3 churches, a college, and a court houfe. It is 93 miles W. by N. of Philadelphia. Carlogus Point , Cornw. Land’s End. Carlow, or Catherlough, a coun- ty of Ireland, in Leinlter, 28 miles in Kngth, and 18 at it’s greateft breadth. It is bounded on the W. by Queen's County ; on the N. and NE. by Kildare and Wick- low; on the E. by Wicklow and Wex- ford; and on the S. SE. and SW. by Wexford and Kilkenny. It contains 50 parifhes, about 8703 houfes, and 44,000 inhabitants. It’s chief town is Carlow, a neat town, feated on the E. fide of the river Barrow, by which it communicates with Waterford river and the Grand Canal, 16 miles NE. of Kil- kenny. Carlowits, a town of Sclavonia, feated on the Danube, 37 miles NW. of Belgrade. Carlscrona, feparated from the former by a narrow ftrait, between the Morea and Candia. Some of the valleys are fertile. Sheep, hares, quails, turtles, ami falcons are here in abundance. Lar. 36. 28. N. Ion. 22. 42. E. Cerines, a lea-port of Cyprus, in lat. 35. 2i. N. and Ion. 33. E. Cerne Abbey, Dorfetfhire, (lands on the river Cerne, in a pleafant vale, fur. rounded with fteep hills, on one of which. Trend le Hill, a little to the N. is a gi- gantic figure, with the left hand extended, and in the right, which is cr'c&ed, a club, cut in the chalk; it covers nearly an acre, and is repaired about once in 7 years, by L 2 cleaning CHA cleaning the furrows and filling them with frefli chaik. It is 6-£ miles from Dorchef- ter, and z from Great Mintern. Market on Wednefday. Cerne, Nether and Upper , on oppofite fides of Cerne Abbey. Cerney, N. and S. Glouc. the former near Cirencefter, and the latter near Cricklade. Cerrioy Drui- don , 8 miles from Denbigh. Ce it vera, a town of Catalonia j and a town of New Caflile. Cervia, a fea-port of Romagna, where great quantities of fait are made of evapo- rated fea- water, 15 miles SSE. of Ravenna. Cesena. a town of Romagna, 25 miles NNW. of Urbino. Cette, a fea port in the dept, of He- ratilt, feated at the place where the Canal, ci-devant, Royal begins, on the Mediter- ranean, 14. miles SYV. of Montpellier. Ceva, a town of Afti, in Piedmont. Cevennes, mountains of France, in the ci-devant Languedoc. Ceuta, a fea-port of Fez, in Africa, feated on the Straits of Gibraltar, oppo- fite to that place. It is fubje6t to Spain. Ceylon, or, in Arabic, Serendib, a large and mountainous ifland of Alia, in the Indian Ocean, E. of Cape Comorin, on tilt coaft of Coromandel, about 200 miles in length, and 160 in breadth. It produces large quantities of cinnamon, and it’s pepper is of fuperior quality. Here is a great variety of wood for all ules ; but the moll remarkable tree in the ifland is the tallipot, one of whofe leaves will cover 10 men, and prote6l them from rain. It abounds in corn, rice, elephants, buffaloes, goats, hogs, deer, hares, dogs, jackals, monkeys, tigers, and bears. In forne places there are mines, whence are got rubies, fapphires, topazes, and other ftones of lefs value. The Dutch are, or lately were, in poffefiion of ail the coaft of this fertile iftand, and to the diftance of 10 cr 12 leagues up the country. The na- tives are the Bedas, a hardy race, on the north ; and on the fouth the Cir.glaffes, a people equally inoffenfive, but more ftiper- ftitious ; they implore the interpofition of their faints and heroes, and have various Idols of monftrous forms. They are di- vided into tribes like the Hindoos, and their language, which is peculiar to them- felves, is faid to be copious, frnooth, ele- gant, and polite. Lat. from 6. to upwards of 9. deg. N. Ion. from So. to nearly 83. deg. E. ChablaIs, a mountainous duchy, or diftrift, forming the N. part of the dept, of Mont Blanc, of which Thonon is the chief town. It is bounded by Faucigny on the S. CHA Chablis, a town in the depart, o Yonne, remarkable for it’s excellent white wines. It is 10 miles E. of Auxerre. Chadhury , Dorfetfh. near Holt Foreft. Chad Chapel, Chef, near Malpas. Chad- defden , 1 mile from Derby. Chadde/ley , Worctf. near Bromfgrove. Chadjield, Wilts, near Bradford. Chadleworth , Berks, SE. of Fawley. Chadlingion , Ox- fordfhire, near Chipping Norton. Chad - fon, Northampton fit. near Afliby Caftle. ChadJJiunt , Warw. near Kington. Chad- 1 well, Eftex, near Rumford. Chadwick , Worcef. near Bromfgrove. Chadwick , Warwickf. parifh of Hampton in Arden. Chafcomb , Somerf. near Chard. Cbajford, and Chagford, Kent, near Tunbridge. Chagford , or Chegford , Devonfhire, near Dai tmore. Chagre, a fort and river of Darien, which runs into the fea, 30 miles WSW. of Porto Bello. Chaise Dieu, La, a town in the dept, of Upper Loire, 17 miles NNW. of Le Puy. Chackendon , Oxf. near Woodcot. Chal- hury , Dorfetlhire. Chalcomb , Northamp- tonlhire, on the borders ot Oxlordfiiire. Chaldea. See Irac Arabia. Chaldecote , Dorfetf. in Purbeck Ifle, E. , of Smedmore. Chaldown, or Chalk down, Surry, NE. of Ryegate. Chaldon, E. and IV. Dorfetf. between Wareham and Wey- . mouth. Chaldwell , Eftex, NE. of Til- bury. Chale , Lie of Wight, below San- down Caftle. Chalefwcrtb , Derby!', in the High Peak. Chalfont St. Giles , and Chalfont St. Peter s, Bucks, near Amer- fliam. Chalford, Glouc. in Biftey parifh ; has a woollen manufa6lure. Chaljord , 1 [ mile from Oxford. Cbalgrave, Bcdf. S. ; of Tuddington. Chalgra~ce, Oxf. NE.<- of Dorchefter. Chalk, Kent, near North- fleet. Chalk Head , Cumb. near Caldbeck. Chalk Hill , Bedf. near Dunftable. Chalk-, Street , Kent, between Chalk and Gravef- end. Chalk Well, Kent, near Sittingbourn. Chdllock , Kent, W. of the Wye. Chal- lorn, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Chai- ning ton, Dorfetf. one mile from Catftock. Chalons sur Saone, a town in the dept, of Saone and Loire, formerly capital of the Challonois, a final l territory in it’s environs. It trades in wood, and is the ftaple of iron for Lyons and St. Etienne, and of the wines for exportation. It is feated on the Saone, 35 miles nearly S. of I Dijon. p ] Chalons sur Marne, a town in the dept, of Marne, containing 13 parifhes, I about 2800 houfes, and 18,000 inhabit- I ants, who carry on a confiderable trade C H A i*i (balloons, and coarfe woollen cloth. It is Tested on the rivers Marne, Mau, and Nan 4.0 miles SW. of Verdun, and 95 E. of Paris. Chalow, Weft, Berks, near Wantage. Chalton, Hants, 6 miles E. of Bu(h Wal- tham. Chamb, a town, county, and river of Bavaria, which flows into the Regen, 64 miles E. of Nuremburg. 1 Chamber in the Foreft , Chefh. near De- lamere Foreft. Chamber in the Forejl , Chdh. on the borders of Derbyfliire, near Buxton Weils. Chamberry, the chief town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, and late capital of Savoy, with a caftie, but not being forti- fied, it has never withftocd a regular liege. It is populous, well built, and watered by many ftreams, which run through feveral of the ftreets. There are piazzas under mod of the houfes, where people may walk diy in wet weather. It has large and hand- fome luburbs, and is lituated on an emi- nence, fit r rounded by mountains, 27 miles NE. of Grenoble, and 85 NW. of Turin. It was taken by the French in 1792. Lat. 45, 35. N. Ion. 6. 4. E. Chambond, a town in the dept, of Rhone and Loire ; and a town in the dept, of Creufe. Chameort, a ci-devant royal palace, of France, in the dept, of Loir and Cher, built by Francis II. It is a very large building, of free-ftone, in the Gothic ftyle, and Hands in a park 21 miles in circum- ference, but has no gardens. King Sta- niflaus.. of Poland, reflded in it 9 years; and Mai (ha) Saxe died here in 1750. It is 9 miles E. of Blois. Chamois Courts SulTex, N. of Lewes. Champagne, a ci-devant province of France, bordered on the E. by Lorrain and French Comte, on the S. by Burgundy and and Nivernois, and on the W. by the Jfle of France and Picardy ; fertile in grain, palturage, & c. and producing the celebrat- ed wine called after ifs name. Troyes was the capital. It now forms the depart- ments of Ardennes, Aude, Marne, Upper Marne, and Seine and Marne. Champlain, Lake, divides the ftates of Ne.v Yotk and Vermont. It is of an oval form, contains feveral iflands, and is 80 miies long from N. to S. and about 14 broad, where wideft.' Chancay, a town of Peru, 30 miles S. of.Lima. C h a tCD a , a conflderable city of Berar, in Hindooftan, feated on a branch of the Godavtry, 67 milts S. of Nagpour. It C H A is fubjeft to the Eaftern Mahrattas. Lat. 20. 10. N. Ion. 79. 40. E. Chandernagore, a city of Bengal, fubjeft to the French, but lately conquered by the Englifli. It contains about 40,000 inhabitants, and is feated on the W . fide of the river Hoogly, 1 3 miles NNW. of Cal- cutta. Chandofe Herts, SW. of Hempftead. Changton, Soflex, NW. of Stening. Chanmanning, a city of Thibet, where the Grand Lama fometimes refides, 1 16 miles W. ofLafia. Channeray, a village of Rofsfhire, 30 miles W. or Elgin. ChantmerleSy Dorfetf. SE. of Everfliof. Chantilly, a town in the dept, of the Oife, where the Piince of Conde had a magnificent chateau, with a park, gardens, and (tables, thought to be the moll beau- tiful In France: a menagery, cabinet of natural curiofities, waterworks, &c. It is 12 miles SSE. of Cluirmont, and 5 W. of Senlis. Chapel , Eflex, NE. of Cosgefhal. Cha- pel > Kent, near Limme. Chapel , M »nm. on the borders of Brecknockf. Chapel, Surry, SW. of Newdigate. Chapel Alier- ton , Yorkf. near Leeds. Chapel in the Frith, a town of Derbyfliire, fituated on the confines of the Peak, near Chefhire, 1 7 miles SE. of Man- chefter. Market on Saturday. Chapel Garth , Northumb. near New- caftle. Chapel Hill, Surry, near Hafcomb. Chapel Flill, Monm. 3 miles N. of Chep- ffow. Chapel of the Ings , Wcftm. 6 miles from Kendal, on the Amblefide road. Chapel in the Street , Chefh. W. of Knotf- ford. Chapel Long . Shropf. 2 miles NW. of Saltfleet. Chapel, New, Shropf. 2 miles SE. of Clun Cable. Chapel. New , Surry, in Burftow parifh, bordering on Suflex. Chapel, North , SufT. near Bl ickdown Bea- con. Chapel of the Grune, Cumb. near Boulnefs. Chapel on the Heath , Oxfordf. near Chipping Norton. Chapel of Plaijler , Wilts, near Box. Chapel Bay, in Big Tfland, one of the Copeland Iflands, on the NE. coalt of Down, in Ulfter. ' Chapel Izod, on the Liffey, 3 miles from Dublin, which it fup- plies with (trawberries. Chapel Midway t 7 miles fioni Dublin. Cbapmanjlade, Wilts, NE. of Warmin- fter. Charabon, or Tsieribon, afea-port town, on the N. coaft of Java, about 130 miles E. of Batavia, in lat. 6. 5. S. Charasm, or Kharasm, a large country of Afn, bordered on the N. by L ^ T urkeftan. C H A Turkftean, on die W. by the Cafpian Sea, and on the S. by Chorafan- Urgens is the capital. The kfian, or. chit-t of the Tartar princes, among whom the country is divided, is faid to be able to raii'e an army of 40 or 50,000 horferften, Charborough , Dorf. SW, of Winbourn Minfter. CAarcas Los, a province of Peru, near the coaft of the P..cihc Ocean, in which are the richeft filver mines in the world. La Plata is the capital. * Chard, a town in Somersetshire, con- fiding chiefly of 4 ftreets, which terminate near the market. It has feveral Streams running through it, and one in particular, which, by being turned to the N. or the S. will, it ts affirmed, run into the Briftol, or the Englilh Channel. Here is a Small woollen manufacture. It is 6 miles W. of Crewkherne, and 141 W. by S. of London. Market on Monday. Cba.rdfl.ocli. Dorfetf. 2 miles S. of Wam- broke. Chords , Devonf. E. of Bainiiapie. Chare nte, a department of Fiance, bounded on the N. by the rfeff. in the Ifle of Portland. Chesham, a town of Bucks, trading in lace, fhoes, and wooden ware. It is feat- ed on the borders of Herts, 12 miles SE. of Aylefbury, and 29 W. by N. of Lon- don. Market on Wednefday. Chejliam Boyes , Bucks, near the river Coin, SE. ot Chefham. Cheshire, a county palatine of Eng- land, feparated on the N. from Lancafhire by the river Merfey, but juft at the NE. point it borders on Yorkfhire, on the E. it is bounded by Derbyfhire and part of Staf- fordfhire, on the S., by Shropfhire, and a detached part of Flintlhire, and on the W. and SW. by Denbighfhire and Flintlhire, from which latter it is feparated by the ri- ver Dee : on the NW. it is wafhed by the Irifli Sea, that part of it being a peninfula, about 1 3 miles in length, and 6 in breadth, formed by the mouths of the Merfey and the Dee. Without including the penin- fula> the county extends 33 miles from N. CHE to S. and 42 from E, to W. It is divided into 7 hundreds, containing 1 cPy, 11 market towns, and 101 pari/hes. The air is temperate and very healthy. The foil is rich in pafture and corn land. Immenfe quantities < >f cheefe are made in this cou: tyj but a confiderable quantiiy, ot what goes by the name oi Chefhire cheefe, is made in Shropfhire, Stafford (hire, and Lancafhire. London alone is laid to confume 14,000 tons of it j vaft quantities are alfo fent to foreign parts, to Ireland, Scotland, and different parts of England. The manu- factures of Chefhire are extenhve; and it is noted for it’s ialt fprings. The princi- pal rivers are the Merfey, Dee, Weaker, and Dane j and here are feveral (mall lakes. . Chefount , with its Park and Wajh, Hens, near HoJdefdon. Here Richard Cromwell, the proteCtor, under the aflumed name of Clark, fpem many years of a verier, bie, old age, in obfcurity and peace, much to be prefer! ed, no doubt, to all the fp lend id in- felicities of guilty ambition, lie Hrft re- fided here, in 1680, in a* houlc near the church, and here he died in 1712, in his 86th year He enjoyed a good ftate of health to the laft ; anil was fo hale and healthy, that, at fouli’core, he would gal- lop his horfe for many miles together. Chefilborn D'>rfetf. near Mb die ton. Che- fmgtony Surry,, between E flier .and Ewel, ChefilBank , Dorfetf. is computed of gravel and pebbles thrown up in the Tea, 9 miles in length ; between it and the flioie there is a narrow fea, and it cor.neCls Portland ' with the main land. Gkejial> Staff, in Longton parifli. * Chester, the capital of Chefhire, is a large, ancient, and populous city, con- taining 9 well built churches, belides the cathedral, called St. Werburgh’s, which looks as antique as the caftle. They were both built by Hugh Lupus, nephew to William the Conqueror ; unlefs, as fome fay, the church was founded by Edgar. It is feated on the Dee, over which there is a noble bridge (having a gate at each end) of 12 arches, by which veflels come from the fea to the quay; and by a canal, lately cut, it has communication with moll of the new inland navigations. It has alfo a conftant communication with Ireland, by it’s packet-boats. It’s 3 annual fairs, on Feb. 24, July 5, and 061 . 10, each lafting a week, are the moft noted in England, efpecialiy for Irifh linens. The main ftreets have a peculiarity of conftruclion ; they are hollowed out in the rock to a con- fiderable depth, and the houfes have, ele- vated in front, a fort of covered porticos, which are called rows, and afford a fhel - tered CHE C H I tered way for foot paffengers. The city ?\as 4 gates and 3 pofterns, and is 2 miles in compafs. It confifcs chiefly of 4. large ffreets, which are pretty even and fpacious, and as they crofs one another in ftraigiit lines, meeting in the centre, they make an exa6I crofs, with the town houfe and ex* change, a neat ftru&ure, in the middle, in the caftle, where the earls of, Chefter formerly held their parliaments, is a {late- ly hall, fomewhat like that at Weftrnin- fter, where the palatine courts and aflizes are held. Chefter has a manufa£Fory of gloves and tobacco-pipes, and a confider- able traffic of fhop goods into N. Wales. It is 1 3 2 miles NW. of London. Mar- kets on Wednesday and Saturday. Chester, a county of S. Carolina; a town of New Hampfhire ; a town and county of Pennsylvania, with a fine har- bour on the Delaware, 12 miles SW. of Philadelphia ; two towns of New York ; a town of Acadia, in Nova Scotia, 22 miles WSW. of Halifax;, a town and ri- ver of Maryland; and a town of Virginia. Chefter, Northamp. near Archefter and Wellingborough. Chefter , Black, Somerf. NW. of Bruton. Chefter in the Street , 5 miles N. of Durham. Chefter in the Wall , Northumberl. near Bnfy Gap. Chefter , Little , near Derby. Chefter Over, Warw. a hamlet of Monk’s Kirby. * Chesterfield, a town of Derby- shire, feated on a gentle rife, between two fmall rivers, is, next to Derby, the moft Confiderable town in the county. It has one-of t he larged free fchools in the N. of England. Here is a manufa&ory of word- ed and cotton dockings, and of carpets ; alio filk mills, and po'teries for brown ware; and near the town are large iron - foundenes, which are fupplied with ore and coal dug in the vicinity. Large quan- tities of lead are fent hence by the new ca- nal to the Trent, which it joins below Gainfborough. The country round Cftef- terfield produces great quantities of camo- mile. The lpire of the church, which is of timber, covered with lead, is warped awry. It is 22a miles N. of Derby, and 149 NNW. of London. Market on Sat. Chefterfteld , Staff, on the Tame, S. of Lichfield. Cbefterford , Great and Little, Effex, 3 miles from Walden, on the Cam. CheftertQn, 1 miles from Cambridge. Chef- terton , Somerf. near Scmertoti. Chefterion , Staff. N. of Newcadle under Line. Chef- terton, Gloucef. a hamlet of Cirencefter. Cbefterton , Hunt. 3 miles SW. of Peter- borough,. Chefterton -, Oxf. near Biceder. Chefterwood, Northumberl. near Langiey Caltle. Chefton , Dtvonfh. W. of King’s Bridge. Chefwardine, Shropfh. 5 miles from Newport. Cheftwick, Nor thumb, on the coaft, between Berwickand Holy lilar.d. Chpfeworth, Stiff. E. of Horfham. Cheef- wring, Cornw, near St. Neot’s, a monu- ment of ftones, like the Hurlers. Chef- wyke , near Warwick. Qbete Wall, York!’. SE. 9 f Wakefield.. Chetelhampton, Devonf. on the Taw, near S. Moulton. Chetham , Lane. N. of Mancfufter. Chetlop , a river in Northumberland. Chetnol Dorfetf, a miles S. of Yafeminfter. Chetfbam, Carnb. in the Ifle of Ely. Chettell. D >rfetf. near Biandford. Chettered Lodge Dorfetf. in Tarent Monkton C dttefcomb, Devonf. N. of Tiverton. Ckett : 1 Shropf, SW. of Bridgenorth, Chetwin A lion, Shropf. SE. of Newport. Chetw End, Shropf. S. of Newport. Cbevel Camb near New- market. Cbeojclcg. L : 3. ot E, Aft- ley. Che'-vcley , " 0 Wrington. Cheverel, Ma * ? Wilts, near Laving* o.:. Che i-bi^ron, • E. and IV. or Che’vel'vr Ykdynton. Cbeveli ? . tearS token ham. Cbe- f venin *. Sevenoaks. Che-veril s C ... • Her Is./ 3 miles from Dunftable. Chequers Effex, E. f Chip- ping Ongar. Chenjerton, Ifle of Wight, in Wed Medina. Chewngton, Suffolk, S W. of Bury. Cheviot, a mountainous diftri6F, fe- paratingthe NW. part of Northumberland from Scotland. The hilly country is called the Cheviot Hills, as the adjoining Fenny grounds ate called Cheviot Moors. The cattle and wool are excellent. Ghent), Magna, or Bijbop's Chew, So- merf’. between Keynfham and Wrington. Chewftock , Somerf. SW. of Stanton Drew. Chewton Bunny, Hants, between Lyming- ton andChriftchurch. Chew ton Keynjham , Somerf. near Keynfham. Chewton Men - dip, Somerf. among Mendip Hills. Cbey- ney, Bucks, 3 miles from Amerfham, the family burying- place of the dukes of Bed- ford. Cheyney Longvile, Shropf. NW. of Ludlow. Chiampa, a country of Afia, bounded on the W. by Cambodia, on the N. by Cochin China, and on the E. and S. by the Indian Ocean, and the river Cambo- dia. It is little known. Chiapa, a province of GuafaHma, Mexico, bounded by Tabafco on* the N. and by Vera Paz on the E. Chiapa dos Espagnols, or Civi- dad Real, and Chiapados Indios, two towns of Chiapa; the former is 380 miles SE. of Mexico, in lat. 17. N. the latter is 30 miles W. of Chiapa dos Ef- pagnols. ClIIARENZA; C H I Chiarenza,' or Clarence, a fea- port on the W. coaft of the Morea, 84 miles SW. of Livadia, and 80 W. of Co» rinth. Chiari, a town in the Brefciano, where Prince Eugene obtained a victory over the French, in 1701. Chiaro Monte, a town of Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 25 miles W. of Syracufe. Chiavenna, a town of Swifferland, capital of a county of the fame name, in alliance with the Grifons. It has fome trade in cattle, wine, filk,and fruits, and is the principal entrepot for the tranfport of merchandife between the Milanefe and Germany. It is leafed near the Lake of Chiavenna, and about 8 miles N. of the Lake of Como. Lat. 46. 15. N. Ion. 9. 27. E. * Chichester, the capital of Suffex, is a neat and hand fome city, feated in a plain, by the river Lavant, by which it is encorppalfed on every fide, except the N, The market-place is in the centre of the town, from which the 4 principal ftreets are directed to the cardinal points of the compafs, and bear the names of E, W. N. and S. Street. It’s market is well fuppli- ed with provifions, it exports corn, malt, Sec. has fome foreign commerce, a declin- ing manufactory of needles, and a manu- factory of baize, blankets, and coarfe cloths, lately eftabliflied. The haven, formed by a canal, cut from the city down into the bay, affords excellent lobfters. It is 61 miles SW. of London. Markets on Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday. Chichester, a town of Pennfyl vania, 17 miles SW. of Philadelphia. Chicbfot , Efiex, in the mai flies, near Hol- land Parva. CbukeriiU E. and IV. Dorf. NW. of Weymouth. Cbicldjzde , Wilts, near Hindoo. Chickr.ey, Effex, near Thax- ted. Cbickfand , Bedf. near Shefford. Cbid- comby or Cbudcomb ; fee Cbitcomb. Chid- deriy Hants, ne j .r Hambledon. Chidding- fold, Surry, near Haflemere. Chiddingford, Devon!', near South Moulton. Cbiddinjlon, Kent, near Penfherlt. Cbidham, Sufi', be- tween Chichefter and Havant. Chidioke , Dorfetf. near Charmouth. Cbidley Mount, Somerfetfli. on the Parret, oppofite to Bridgewater. Chidfall , Yorkf. NW. of Wakefield. Chielefa, a town in the Morea, near the Gulf of Coron. Chiemsee, a towofituated <*n an ifiand it* the Lake Chiemfee, (which contains fe- verai iflands) in Bavaria, SW.of Saltzburg. Chieri, in French, Quiers, a town of Piedmont, with manufactures of cloth and lilk, fituated in an agreeable country, C H I furrounded by hills, covered with vines and fruit trees, 6 miles E. of Turin. Chieti, a city of Naples, capital of Abruzzo. Citra. Chignal St. Janies , and Chignal Seme- ley , Efiex, NW. of Chelmsford. Cbigavell, Efiex, between Waltham Abbey and Rum- ford . C bigavel l Denvs and Chigavell Row, *2. hamlets adjoining to Chigwell. Chilbol- ton , Hants, N. fide of Stockbridge. Cbil - comb , Dorfetf. SE. of Biidport. Cbil - comb , Hants, near Winchefter. Chilcomp- to n , Somerf. nearMendip. CZb/riW, Staff, near Hog’s Norton. Cbildcot, Derb. bor- dering on Stafford!'. Chilcot, or Chalk Hill, Middi. near Bellfize. Childer ditch , Efiex, S. of Burntwood. Child Fro me, Dorfetf. NW. of Frampton. Childerlcy , 6 miles from Cambridge. Cbildhay, Dorfetf, pari fh of Broad Windfor. Child Ockford, Dorf, near Shilling Ockford. Childrey, Berks, near Wantage. Child' s Hill, Middi. near Hampftead. Child-avail, Lane. E. of Li- verpool. Cbildnvick, Herts, near Sr. Al- bans. Chilfrome, Dorfetf. 2 miles SE. of WraxhalL Chilkam , Kent, N.ofGodmer- fliam. Chilhampton , Wilts, NE.of Wil- ton. Chili, a large country of S. America, bounded on the W. by the South Pacific Ocean; on the N. by Peru ; on theE. by immenfe deferts, which divide it from Pa- raguay and other parts of S. America ; and on the S. by Patagonia. It is up- wards of 800 miles in length, but it’s breadth is uncertain. The Spanifii colonies are thinly difperfed along the borders of the S. Sea, on a narrow trad extending from 30 1050 miles in breadth. A profu- fion of natural productions is feen through- out this country, wherever attempts have be^n made to cultivate it. The wine made here is palatable and of a good body; and brandy is diftilled from it. The northern parts produce olives. The ufeful animals introduced here from Europe have multi- plied furprifingly. Mines of gold and cop- per are numerous. It is claimed by the Spaniards, but the greater part of it is poffeffed by the (till unconquered and inde- pendent natives. Chilka, a lake of Hindooftan, on the fea-coaft of the province of Cattack, in the country of Oriffa, and on the NW. fide of the Bay of Bengal. It communi- cates with the fea by a narrow but deep opening* and is /hallow within. It is 36 miles in length, and in mod places from 10 to 13 in breadth, having many inhabit- ed iflands in it, and only a narrow flip of flat, fandy foil between it and the fea. Chillenden , Kent, near Wingham. Cbil. lesfordt C H I lesford , Suff. near Orford. Chilling, Hants, between Titchfield and it’s bay. Ckilling- hamCaftle, Northumberl. near Alnwick. Chillington , Kent, near Maidftone. Chil- lington , Staff. SW. of Brewood. Chil- lington, Suffex, N. of Lewes. Chilmark, Wilts, near Chicklade. Chilmore, Warw. near Coventry. « Chiloe an ifland on the coaftof Chili, (about- ito miles in length, and 17 in breadth) producing much ambergrife, and all neceffmy provilions, except wine. The Spaniards have but one little fort in this ifland, called Chocas, and the town of Caftro. About this ifland are many more, all which together form a jui ifdi&ion. Cedar trees grow here to an amazing fize. Lat. 43. S. Chiljlon ; Kent, near Bockton Malherb. Chilpwdl, Berks, near Abingdon. Chil- tern, a chain of chalky hills, feparating the Counties of Bedford and Herts, and run- ning •through the middle of Bucks, from Tring, Herts, to Henley upon Thames, Oxford Hi. They are covered, in various parts, with woods, and fome of the emi- nences are cf confiderable height, and af- ford rich profpe&s. To thefc hills is an- nexed the nominal office of fteward under the crown, the acceptance of which, of confequence, enables a member of the Britifh parliament to vacate his feat. Chiltern All Saints , Wilts, E. of War minder. Chiltern St. Mary , Wilts, near Harefbury. Chiltern Green , Herts, be- tween Welwyn and Luton. Chiltington , Stiff, near W. Grinflead. Chilton, Berks, near Cuckhamfey Hill. Chilton , Bucks, near Tame. Chilton , Kent, near Sand- wich. Chilton , Kent, near Sittingbourn. Chilton , Shropl'. SE. of Shrewfbury. Chil- ton , Somerf. near Barwick ,and Queen’s Camel. Chilton, Somerf. near Bridgewater. Chilton , Somerf. near Stoke and Edding- ton. Chilton Candouer , Hants, near Alref- ford. Chilton Dummer, Somerf. near Yeo- vil. Chilton Foliot > Wilts, 2 miles E. of Rarnfbury, Chilton Hall , Suff. near Sud- bury. Chilton , Magna and Parva, Durh. near Bifhop Auckland. Chihv erf coion , Warw, S. of Nuneaton. Chillnvell. near Nottingha m. Chihvorth, Surry, near Guild- ford. Chi/ worth, Hants, E. of Rum fey. Chimay, a town in the depart, of the North, lituated on the river Blanche, 20 miles SSW. of Charleroy. Chimera, a town on the coaft of Al- bania, fituated on a rock, near the l’ea- conft, oppofite the ifland of Corfu, in lat. 40. N. Chimleigh, a town of Devonfhire, al- moit furrounded by the river Dart, 21 C H I miles NNW. of Exeter. Market on Thurfday. Chbnley, Oxfordfhire, SE. of Bampton. China, an extetifive empire of Afia, bounded on the W. by mountains and de- l'erfs, which divide it from part of Tartary, Thibet, and the kingdom of Ava; on the N. by E. Tartary, from which it is iepa- rated by a wall above 2000 miles in length, on which there are about 45,000 towers ; on the E. by the Yellow Sea and the Chi- nefe Ocean ; and on the S. by the fame ocean, Tbnquin, Laos, Pegu, and Ava. It libs between 20311041 deg. N. la** and between 96 and 125 deg. E. Ion. As this extenfive country lies under a variety of climates, it’s air is very different. In the S. they are expofed to tropical heats and pe- riodical rains, while the rivers in the N. are generally frozen up for fome months during the winter. It is chiefly a flat, open coun- try, but there art fome mountains, which are generally well cultivated and covered with trees, and there are mines of iron, tin, copper, quickfilver, gold, and filler. There is abundance of corn, and pulfe of all forts, efpecially rice; and here are fe-' veral trees, fruits, and animals, and a great number of fimples, peculiar to the country, particularly a plant, called ginleng, a tree that produces peas, differing little from thofe of Europe; another, bearing a kind of gum, which makes excellent varnifh ; a third bearing white berries, of the fize of a hazel-nut, whofe pulp is tallow, of which candles are made; and a fourth, called the white wax-tree, producing that article fu- perior to the common bees- wax. The bamboo-cane grows to the height of an or- dinary tree ; and though it is hollow with- in, the wood is hard, and proper for many ufes, fuch as pipes to convey water, boxes, bafkets, and- the making of paper, after it is reduced into a fort of pafte. China is the only country which produces the tea- plant, and fupplies other nations with that article, when prepared. There is fcarcely a village of China, efpecialiy in the S. but what enjoys the benefit of fome navigable river, lake, canal, or arm of the fea, and wherever there is a tow-n on fhore, there is another of boats upon the water, and many families are born, live, and die there; hogs, poultry, dogs, and other domeftic animals, being kept on board the fame as on fhore. Befides thefe veffels, there is a prodigious number of floats of timber per- petually palling up and down the rivers and canals, which carry vaft numbers of people on them. Some of thefe floats are a mile in length, and the proprietors build little huts upon them, where they live till C H I they have difpofed of their timber, which they fometimes carry 1000 miles. There is no part of the world where the inhabit- ants obferve the forms of politenefs fo much as in China ; they are perpetually interchanging civilities and falutatioas : the children Ihew the greateft refpeCl for their parents, and thefe Ihew a great ve- neration for their ancettors. They are, however, very deceitful and treacherous. The complexion of the Chinefe is rather tawney ; thofe are thought to be the molt handfome who are the moft corpulent. The women are modeft, and remarkable for their little feet. Polygamy, and va- rious forms of idolatry, deform this im- proved country; here are followers of the Lamas blended with the difciples of Con- fucius. The articles exported from China are, tea, China-ware, lackered ware, pa- per, and the water-colour,* known by the name of Indian ink, raw filk, cotton, ma- nufactured filks, gold and filver (tuffs. Chinca, a valley and fea-port of Peru, about 1 6 miles N. of Pifco. Chinebam , Hants, i mile from Bafing- (toke. Chineley , Derb. in the High Peak. Chiney, or Ciney, a town of Liege. Cbingfordy Effex, near Woodford. Chin- ner , Cxf. 2 miles N. of Stoken Church. Chinnock, E. IV. and Middle , Somerf. be- -tween Crewkerne and Yeovil. Chinon, an ancient town in the dept, of Indre and Loire, fituated on the river Vienne, 10 miles N. of Richlieu, and ico SW. of Paris. Chin sura, a pretty large town of Ben- gal, with a mole projecting into the river. It is a fettiement of the Dutch, and is leared on the river Hoogly, between Chan- dernagore and the town of Hoogly, 17 miles N. of Calcutta. Chi ny, a town, and confiderable coun- ty of Luxemburg, fituated on the Semoy. Chiourljc, a town and river of Ro- . mania, 50 miles NW. of Conftantinople. Chiozza, a town, and fmall ifiand, about 13 miles S. of Venice. Chipcbafe, Northumb. on the N. Tyne. Chip Meadow, Suffolk, SW. of Beccies. Ckipncil , Shropf. near Knighton. * Chippenham, a large, populous, well-built town, of Wilts, with a confi- derable manufacture of fuperfine woollen cloth. It was the feat of Alfred, and other Weft-Saxon kings, and is feated on the Avon, over which is a (tone bridge of 16 arches^ 21 miies E. of Briftol, and 94 W. of London. Market on Thurfday. Chippenham , Cambridgef. 14 miles from Cambridge. Chipping , Herts, N. of Bun- C K O tingford. Ckippingy Lane* 10 miles E. of Garftang. * Chipping Norton. See Norton. Chipping Ongar, a town of Effex, 20 miles from London. Market on Sat. Chipping Sudeury, a town of GIou- cefter, 12 miles from Briftol, and 23 from Cirencefter. A great market for corn and cheefeon Thurfday. Chipping Warden y Northamp. near Ban- bury, in Oxf. Chipjlable , Somerf. W. of Wivelfcomb. Cbipjleady Surry, near Gat- ton and Banftead Downs. Chirbury , Shropf. 1 mile NE. of Montgomery. Chirden , Northumb. in Tindale, near Whitchefter. Chirk, Denbighf. S. of Wrexham. Cbir- tony Northumb. near N. Shields. Chifjel- borough, Somerf. 4 miles from Crookhern. Chtjleburyy Wilts, between Wilton and Shafufbury. Cbijlehampteny Oxf. near the Thame, oppofite to Milton. Ghijlehurjl y Kent, near Eltham. Chijlet, Kent, be- tween Reculver and Thanet I(le. Chijle - tony E. and IV. Wilts, near Marlborough. Chisme, ancient Cyssus, a fea-port, on the W. coaft of Natolia, oppofite the lfland of Scio. Chijj'ely Great and I at tie, Effex, in the NW. angle of the county. Chiflon, Somerf. NW. of Ax bridge. Cbifwick, Middl. SW. of Hammerfmith. Chipworthy Derb. in the High Peak. Chit comb, Dorfetf. near Ibberton. Chithurfi, Sufi'. NW. of Mid- hurft. Chitman , Suff. near Chittingley. Chitro, a town of Macedonia. Chitteldroog, a town of Myfore, 86 miles NNW. of Seringa patam. Chittenholt Woody Devon:. nearS. Moul- ton. Chitiingley , Suffex, NW.ot'Hayifham. Chitwood , or Cheiwood, near Buckingham. Chivazzo, or Chivas, a town in Piedmont, fituated near the junCIion of the rivers Oreo and Po, 1 1 miles N£. of Tu- rin. Cbivington, E. and W. Northumberl. Chiusi, a town of Si-nna, Tufcany. Chiutaya, or Cutaj ah, a town, ca- pital of a ciftriCf, in Natolia, containing feveral mofques, and 3 Armenian churches. Lat. 39, 14. N. Ion. 30. 30. E. Choczim, or Cokzim, a town of Mol- davia, fituated on the S. fide of the Dnief- ter, on the frontiers of Poland. Choissey, four towns of France; the firft 6 miles S. of Paris 5 the fecond in the dept, of the Seine and Marne ; the third in the dept, of Loiret, and the fourth in the dept, of Oife. Cholderton, Wilts, E. of Amefbury. Cboldjbury , Bucks, S. of Tring. Chollet, a town in the department of Maine CHR Maine and Loire, 27 miles SSW. of An- gers. Chollacomb , Devonf. SE. of Comb Mar- tin. Cholmondeley , Chelh. 3 miles NE. of Malpas. Cholrrjlon , Chelh. 5 miles NW. of Namptwich. Cholmundejlon> Che Hi. near Cholmfton. Cholfey , Berks, near Wallingford. Cholton , Somerf. near So- merton. Cbol 3 miles from the Rhine, and 10 ESE. of Nimeguen. Clevefend, Great and Little, Kent, S. of the Ifie of Thanet. Cle worth, Berks, W. of Windi’or. Cleybrook, Ifieof Wight, in W. Medina* Gleybraok, Great and i Little* C L I Little , Leic. NW. of Lutterworth. Cley - Oxf. near Clatercote. Cleydon , Durh. 2 miles from Sunderland, Cleydon , Suff. near Ipfwich. Cley End Green , Kent, NE. of Bromley. Cley gate, Surry, 3 miles from Kingfton. C/fy Hall , Warw. near Kineton. Cleytham , Line. N. of Kirton. Clicinger , Dorfetf. 2 miles SW. of Buck- land Abbas. Cliddefdon , Hants, SE. of Bdingftoke. Cliefden , Bucks, 5 miles NW. of Windfor. Cliffy Kent, below Gravefend. Cliffy Dorfetf. 4 miles from Dorchefter. Cliffy Sulfex, near Lewes. Cliff , Suffex, between Seaford and Beacliy Head. Cliff, Warw. near Whatley. Cliffy Ifle of Wight, in Weft Medina. Cliffy Yorkf. E. Riding, near Pearce Bridge. Cliff, Yorkf. SE. of Barnard Caftle. Cliffe, Kind’s, a town of North- amptonfhire, 27 miles NE. of Northamp- ton, and 88 NNW. of London. Market on Tuelday. Cliff, Long, Yorkf. W. Riding. Cliff , N. and S. E. Riding, E. of Spalding Moor. Cliffony , in Sligo, Connaught. Clifford, Glouc. near Luddington. Clif- ford, Yorkf near Wetherby and Tadcafter. Clifford Cajlle, Hr ref. near Kington. Clif- ford Chambers, Glouc. near Tewkefbury. Clifford Hill , Northamp. on the river Nen. Clifton , Chef, near Rock Savage. Clifton , Cornw. SE. of Saltafh. Clifton, Dcrb. in Alhborne parifh. Clifton , Dorfetf. 2 miles from Sherburn. Clifton, Glouc. near Brif- tol, adjoining Durdam Downs. Clifton , Lancaf. W. of Prefton. Clifton, Lancaf. NW. ofManchefter. Clifton, 4 miles from Nottingham. Clifton, Oxfordf. near Ded- ington. Clifton, Oxfordf. between Dor- chefter and Abingdon. Clifton, Warw. E. of Dun (’more Heath. Cifton, Wore, between Tewkefbury and Worcefter. Clif- ton, Wore, upon the Temd, bordering- on Heref. Clifton, W. of York. Clifton , Yorkf. N. Riding, N. of Mafham. Clifton , Yorkf. SE. of Halifax. Clifton , Yorkf. W. Riding, NW. of Tickhill. Clifton, Great and Little, Cumb. between Cocker- mouth and Workington. Clifton, Bedf. SE. of Shefford. Clifton , Weftmor. 3 miles from Penrith. Clifton Cawvil, Staff, near Burton upon Trent. Clifton Maubank , Dorfetfh. 2 miles NW. of Yateminfter. Clifton Raymes , Bucks, near the rivers Oul'e and Oulney. Gliftons, N. and S. Nott. on the river Trent, between Nor- manton and Thorney. Climping , Suffex, near the mouth of the Arun. Clinger , Glouctfterf. in Hinchcombe parifh. Clint , Yorkfh. W. Riding, near Hempftwait. Clipjby, Norf. W. of Yarmouth. Clipffiam , Ruil, in Okeharn hundred. ClipJlottj Nott. C L O in Plumbtree parifh. Clipffon, Northamp* NE. of Nafeby. Clipffon, King's, Nott* between Allertonnnd Mansfield. Clissa, a fortrefs, in Dalmatia* 10 miles N. of Spalatro. Clisson, a town in the dept, of Low- er Loire, fituated on the river Sevre, 12 miles SE. of Nantes. Cliff, Biffiop's, or Sachvil, Cliff Honi- ton, Cliff St. George, and Cliff St. Mary, Devon!, are 4 villages on the E. and SP lides of Exeter, fo named from the Cliff a river of this county, which runs into the Ex below Exeter. In the parifh of Clift: Sr. George, is an eltate, or little farm, called Sucpitch, belonging to a family of the fame name, which was fettled here be* fore the conqueft, and may yet, from it’s numerous progeny, remain unextinft for centuries to come. In the family are two fmall grants, or feofments, which no law- yer can read throughout, but which, the heft judges are agreed, muft have been paft before the conqueft. Cliff, Broad, Cliff St. Lawrence, and Cliff Heydon, NE. of Exeter. Cliff Heath, 4 miles E. of Exeter. Clithero, a town in Lancafhire, hav- ing manufactures of cotton, a medicinal fpring, and a communication with all the late inland navigations. It ftands, with it’s ruinous caftle, built by the Lacys, on the river Ribble, at the bottom of Pen- dil Hill, 33 miles SE. of Lancafter, and 213 NNW. of London. Market on Sat. Clitha, Monm. SW. of Ragland Caftle. Clive, Chefh. SW. of Middlewich. Clix - by, Line. N. of Thoncafter. Clocaynog , Denbighfhire. Cloga , in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Clogb, in Antrim, Ulfter, 81 miies from Dublin. *Clogh, in Down, Ulfter, 69 miies from Dublin. Cloghamon , in Wexford, Lein- fter. Cloghan , in King’s County, Lein- fter, 62 miies from Dublin. Cloghan, in Donegal, Ulfter, 1 1 8 miles from Dublin. Cloghanbegfxn Donegal, Ulfter, 152 miles from Dublin. Clogharney Church, in Ty- rone, Ulfter, nearly 92 miles from Dublin. *Clogheen, in Tipperary, Munfter, 93 miles from Dublin. *Clogher, a city, or rather village, of Tyrone, in Ulfter, (the fee of a bifhop) 70 miles NNW. of Dublin. Cloghjordan, in Tipperary, Munfter. Clognakelty, or Clonekilty, in Cork, Mun- fter ; here is a good market for linen yarn. Cloghroe, in Cork, Munfter. Clonagam , in Waterford, Munfter. Clonakenny, in Tipperary, Munfter. * Clonard, on the borders of Meath, Leinfter. Clonaffee , in Queen’s County, Leinfter. Clotibullock , in King’s County, Lcinltef. Cloncurry , M 3 in C L O in Kildare. Leinfter. Clondalkin, 5 miles W. of Dublin. Clondrobid, in Cork, Munfter. Clone a, in Waterford, Mu offer. Clone , in L^trim, Connaught. Clonee, 7 rmies from Djblin. Clonecn, in Tippe- rary, Manlier. C’onegall , in Wexford, Leinfter. * Clonegall, in C irlow, Leinfter. donego wa/ z, in King’s County, Leinfter. * Clones , in Monaghan, Uifter. Clonfert , in Galway, Connaught. Clonheen , in Louth, Leinfter. Clonlea . in Waterford, Man- lier. Clonloji, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. * Clonmel, a neat an i improving town, of Tipperary, Munfter, plealantly fruated on the Suir, on the road between Dublin and Cork, 19 miles SE. of Tip- perary, 39 NE. of Cork, and 85 SW. of Dublin. Clonmellun , in W. Meath, Leinfter, 32 miles from Dublin. Clonniene , in Cork, Munfter. C lon mines, a town of Wexford, in Leinfter, 6 miles SW. of Wexford. Clonmulfh Church , in Carlow, Leinfter, 43 miles from Dublin. Clononajlee , in Queen’s County, Leinfter, 48 miles from Dublin. Clonony, in King’s County, Leinfter. Cionoulty , in Tipperary. Mun- fter. Clonroch. in Wexford, Leinfter, 65 miles from Dublin. Clontarf, z miles from Dublin, pieafamly feated on the N. fide of the bay. Cloonakenny, in Limerick, Munfter, 1 18 miles from Dublin, Cloon- curry , in Kildare, Leinfter, about 5 miles from Kilcoek. Clop ham, Bedf. W. of Sheftord. Clop- hilly Bedf. near Shefford. Clapton, Warw. N. of Stratford upon Avon. Clcpton , Camb. on the Ca n, oppoiite Shengay. Clopton, Glouc. inMickleton parifh. Clop- ton, North'amp. E. of Thrapfton. Clap- ton, Somerf. near Portbury. * Clopton , Suff. between Wood bridge and Debenham. Clot- ball, Herts, SE. ofBaldock. Clothallhury , Herts, near Clothall. Clotton Hofield , Chef, between Tarven and Torperley. Cloud, St. a town, 15 miles W. of Paris, in which was lately a royal palace, gardens, a cnfcade, &c. Clover Hill, in Rofcommon, Connaught, 7a miles from Dublin. Clown Callow, fee Cloghnakelty. Cloudejley Bu/h, Warw. £^W. of Lut- terworth. Clo-velly, Devonf. a harbour on theE. fide of Hartland Point. Cloughton, Yorkf. between Scarborough and Robin Hood's B »y* Clove ant , Cornwall, near Helfton. Clowbet , Yorkf. between Rich- mond m i Darlington . Clow Crofs> Camb. N. of Wifbeach. Cl owe dock, a river in Raluorf. C/owerwall, Glouc. in New- Jand parifii. Cloivhoufe , Line, between GOA Crowland and Spalding. Clown, Derby f. NW. of Bolfover. Ci.oyne, a town of Cork, in Munfter, 1 mile from the feacoaft, 10 SW. of Youg- hal, and 125 SW. of Dublin. Cluggin, in Limerick, Munfter. Clumber, Nott. in the parifii of Work- fop. Clun , Shropf. S. of Bilhop’s Caftle, on the Clun. Clunall , Derb. in the High Peak. Clunbury, Shropf. near Purflow, Clungonas , or Clungunford , Shropf. near Hopton Caftle. Clunther , Nott. between Tuxford and Work fop. Clunton, Shropf. near Purflow. Cluny, a town in the dept, of Saone and Loire, famous for it’s very fpacious and magnificent ci-devant Benedifftine ab- bey. The church is one of the largeft in P'rance. It is feated on the Grofne, 16 miles NW. of Matron. Ciur'ewall, Glouc. in DearrForeft. Cluse, a town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, feated on the Arve, 22 miles SE. of Geneva. Clutlon , Chelhire, NW. of Malpas. Glutton, Somerf. S. of Pensford. Clwyd, a beautiful vale of Denbigh- flit re, inclofed by high mountains, extend- ing from the fea inland above- 20. miles: a river of the fame name runs through ir 0 It’s breadth is from 3 to 8 miles, and it is covered with towns, villages, and gen- tlemen’s feats. Clyde, a river of Scotland, which riles in Atjnandale, and running NW. through Clydefdale, pafles by Lanerk, Hamilton, and Glafgow, and falls foon after intp the Frith ot Clyde. It affords many romantic views, running for feveral miles between lofty eminences covered with wood, and exhibiting in it's courfe many ftupendous cataratts. Clydesdale, a wild diftrift irf the S„ part of Lanerkfhire, where are extenfive lead-mines. See Lead Hills. Clynfegfaur , in Carnarvonf. N. Wales. Coagh, in Antrim, Uifter, 82 miles from Dublin. Coagh , in Tyrone, Uifter, 81 miles from Dublin. Coal IJland, in Tyrone, Uifter, 74 miles from Dublin. Here are coal works, and a canal from Lough Neagh, which pafles by this place towards Dungannon. Coal Pit, Glouc. in Wefterleigh parilh. Coast Castle, Cape, or Cape Cor so, a ftrong fort and fettlement ot the Englifh, on the Coaft of Guinea. Lat. 5. o. N. Ion. o. o. Coat , Glouc. in Ealtleach Martin parilh. Coates , Glouc. a hamlet of W'inchcomb. Coates , Glouc. 3 miles SW. ol Cirencef- ter. Coates , Staff, near Eccklhall. Coates, Suffex, c o c Suflex, near Wollavingron. Contes Hall , Line, near Grimfby. Coates, Great and Little, Line, on Grimfby river. Cob den Hill , Herts, NE. of Watford. Caber, a river in Cornwall, which runs into the Englifli Channel a little below Helfton. CobAam, a town of Virginia. * Cobbam , a village in Surry, with feve- ral fine feats, vvafhed by the river Mole, made here 4 or 5 times broader than it is naturally. It is 19 miles S. by W. of London. Cobbam Hall , Kent, W. of Rocheffer. Cobbam Street , Surry, 5 miles from Epforn. Coblentz, an ancient town of Treves, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, fituated at the confluence of the Rhine and Mo- felle, with a bridge of boats over the for- mer, and a Hone bridge over the latter. Lat. 50. 24. N. Cobley , Warw. near Hewell Grange. Cobsfield , Oxford/hire, in Woodflock. Coburg, a territory and it’s capital, of Upper Saxony, infulated in Franconia, 23 miles N. of Bamberg. Coca, a town of Old Caftile, fituated on the Erefma, 24 miles SSE. of Valla- dolid. Cocheim, a town of Treves, fituated on the Mofelie, 30 miles NE. of Treves. Cochin, a fea-port and country of Hindooftan, on the coaft of Malabar, fi- tuated NW. of the Travancore country, and by fome included in it. The chief trade (for pepper) was in the hands of the Dutch, but the Englifh have lately made a conqueff of the f'ettlement. It is 86 miles SSE. of Calicut. Lat. 10. o. N. Ion. 75. 30. E. Cochin China, a kingdom of Afia, bounded on the V/. by Siam and Cambo- dia; on the N. by Tonquin and Laos; on the E. by the Eaffern Ocean; and on the S. and SW. by Ciampa and Cambo- dia. It abounds in gold, raw filk, drugs, faflfron, pepper, indigo, tea, ivory, and various kinds of trees and animals. It is upwards of 300 miles in length, and about 90 in breadth, and contains 5c fea-pert towns. The inhabitants are of a light brown complexion, and in manners re- femble the Chinefe. Cockatree , Devon f. on the river Taw, near Bow. Cockbridge , Cumb. between Cockermouth and Wigton. Cockbridge, 9 miles S. of York. Cockbury, Glouc. a hamlet of Bdhop’s Cleeve. Cockbury , Glouc. in Winchcomb parifh. Cocken, N. of Durham, on the Wear. Cocker, a river in Cumberland, which flowing from the Lakes of Buttermere, COD Crowmack Water, and Lowes Water, runs into the Derwent at Cockermouth. Cockerel's Bridge, Kent, between Lydd and Denge Marfli. Cockerham, SW. of Lancaftcr. Cockerington, N. and S, Lin- coliVfhire, NE. of Louth. * Cockermouth, a populous town of Cumberland, fituated at the confluence of the rivers Cocker and Derwent. The mar- ket-place and upper part of the town are between two hills, on one of which Hands the caflle, an extenfive ruin, with five lofty towers, the walls between which are kept up; on the other Hands the church, and the Kirkgafe, an irregular but fpacious part of the town. Fiom the eminence on which the caHle Hands, called the Hay, an extenfive country, the fea, and Scotland, may be feen in clear weather. Through the valley between the hills, the top of the towering Skiddaw may be deferied over the intervening country. The lower part of the town is ori a plain, confiHing of a fpacious Hreet, with crofs lanes. The upper and lower parts of the town are fe- parated by the Cocker, but united by a bridge of one arch. It has bnanufa&ures offfialloons, ferges, (lockings, coarfe li- nens, hats, and leather, with confiderable tanneries. Here are pl.eafant walks on the banks of the rivers, and on the uplands. It is 10 miles NE. of Whitehaven, 23 SW. of Carlifle, and 300 NNW. of Lon- don. Markets on Monday and Saturday. Cockerton, Durh. NW. of Darlington. Cocket , a river in Northumberland. Cock - field, Suff. NW. of BiddeHon. Gockfield , Durh. NW. of Raby CaHle. Cockham Wood Fort, Kent, on the W. fide of the Medway, has 34 guns mounted. Cockhill , near Worcefler. Cocking , Suflex, S. of Midhurfl. Cockingion, Devonf. 2 miles from Torbay. Cock Law, Northumb. near Berwick. Cock Law Hill , North- umb. near the Cheviot Hills. Cockleford, Glouc. a hamlet to Elkflon. Cockley Cha- pel, Lancafh. near Bury. Cockley Park , Northumb. near Haughton. Cockfey, Dur- ham, $E. of Sunderland. Cock/bot , Shropf. SW. of Wem. Cockthorp , Norfolk, near Wells. Coconato, a town of Piedmont, 4 miles S. of Crefcentino. Cod, Cape, in N. America, on the S. fide of Bo Hon Bay, in Maflachufets State. Lat. 42. o. N. Ion. 70. 18. W. Codbeck, a river in Yorkf. Coddenham , Suff. near Needham. Coddicot, Herts, near Stevenage and Welling. Coddington , Nott. near Newark. Coddington , Heref. NE. of Ledbury, Coddington , Oxf. N. of M 4 Biceffer# C O I Bicefter. Coddington,C\\zL nearDtlamere Foreft. Codford , St. Mary and St. Peter , Wilts, between Upton and Badhampton. Codgranje , Nott. SW. of Bingham. Cod- lingfiock , Nott. between Gotham and Willoughby. Codmarton , Northumberl. near Woller. Codnor Cajlle , Derb. near Alfreton. Codogno, a town In the Lodefan, Mi- lan, fituated at the conflux of the Adda and the Po. Codrington, Glouc. S. of Chipping Sud- bury. Codrington , Gloucef. a hamlet of Wapley. Codfal, Staff, on the borders of Shropf. Codfall, Staff, i mile N. ofTe- ten Hall. Coesfeldt, a toWn ofMunfler, Wcft- phalia, the ordinary refidence of the bifhop. Coevorden, in the Drent, Overyffel. Cofton Racket , Worcef. NE. of Bromf- grove. Cogenhoo , Northamp. E. of Clif- ford Hill. Coggesy Oxf. near Whitney. Coggeshall, a town in Effex, with a mariufa£lory of baize and feys. It is feated on the river Blaclcwater, 43 miles ENE. of London. Market on Thurfday. Cognac, a town in the dept, of Cha- rente, noted for it’s wines and brandy. It Is feated on the river Charente, 20 miles W. of Angouleme. Alfo a town of Up- per Vienne. Cogni, or Konich, the capital of Ca- ramania, a country abounding in corn, fruits, pulfe, and cattle. Here are fheep whofe tails weigh golb. Cogni is a very large town, the ordinary refidenceof aberg- leberg, and the fee of a Greek archbifhop. It is 260 miles SE. of Conftantinople. Lat. 37. 56. N. Ion. 35. 56. E. Cohor , or Chore, a river in Cornwall, which runs into Mounts Bay, near the Mount. Coimbettore, a town and province of Myfore, in Hindooftan, lubjeft to Tip- poo Sultan. The former is fituated on the river Noyel, 90 miles nearly S. of Seringa- patam. The latter is bounded on the E. by the Carnatic, and on the S. by the pro- vince of Dindigul. It is fertile and well watered. Coimbra, a town and univerfity of Beira, containing 18 colleges, 4000 Un- dents, and about 12,000 inhabitants. It is fituated on a mountain, near the river Mondego, 96 miles NNE of Lifbon. Coire, or Chur, a town in the coun- try of the Griffons, Swifferland, and capi- tal of one of the jurifdiflions, called The Grise League. It is fituated half a mile from the Rhine, in a rich plain, be- tween 2 and 3 miles wide, and partly on the fteep fide of a rock, and contains about COL 3000 inhabitants. It is 24 miles nearly S. of Appenzel. The bifhopric of Coire confifts of fome eftates near Coire, and in the Tyrolefe, amounting to about 2000I. per annum. Coke Hill, Worcef. 2 miles E. of Ink- boiough. Cokeney , Nott. S. of Welbtck Abbey. Cochen Hatch , Herts, in Bark- way manor. Coker , E. and IV. Somerf. 2 miles from Yeovil. Cokeley , Worcef, near Bromfgrove. Cokesford , Norf. near Rud- ham. Cokefavord, Line. N. of Bimbroke. Cokethorp, Oxf. near Stanlake. Col, one of the weftern iflands of Scot- land, ti miles NW. of the Ifle of Mull. It is 13 miles long and 3 broad, contains a few holies, fheep, and goats, and has many lochs, which abound in filh. The inhabitants are about 800. Colan , Little, Cornw. SE. of Columb Minor. Colberg, a fea-port of Pruflian Po- merania, remarkable for it’s fait works. It is fituated at the mouth of the Perfante, in lat. 54. 22. N. Ion. 15. 39. E. Colbury, Hants, W. of Southampton harbour. Colby , Norf. 4 miles from Ale- fham. *Colchester» a town of Effex, con- taining 12 churches, moft of which are in good repair, and about 40,000 inhabit- ants, including the liberties. It is fitu- ated on a fine eminence, near the Coin, which is navigable within 3 miles of the town for (hips of large burden, and for hoys and fmall barks, to a place called the Hythe, where is a quay dole to the houfes. Here is a manufactory of baize and feys ; all the towns, and the whole country around, being partly employed in the fpitiningof wool for this trade by Col- cheffer; and it is noted for oyfters and candied eringo- roots. It is 22 miles ENE. of Chelmsford, and 51 of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Colderton, Hants, between Tidworth and Monk (ton. Coldkam , Camb. near Walderfey Fens. Cold Harbour, Herts, 2 miles NW. of Ware. Cold Henion, So- merf. NE. of Mendip Hills. Cold Hill, Effex, in Newport parifh. Coldingham, a townfhip of Bei wickfhire. Colding, a town of N. Jutland, re- markable for it’6 bridge, over which all the oxen and cattle pay toll that go from Jutland into Holftein. It was formerly the refidences of many Danifli kings. Colding is fituated on a bay cf the Little Belt, 50 miles S. by E. of Wyburg. Lat. 55. 35. N. Ion. 9. 17. E. Cold Mat on, Northumb. near Chatton. Csld Norton, Oxf. near Chipping Norton. Coldcn, COL Col Jon, Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Coldre, Hants, between Alton and Farnham. Coldred , Kent, near Walderfliare. Cold- rinch, Corw. near Lefkard. Coldstream, atown of Berwickfhire, fituated on the N. fide of the Tweed, with a fine bridge over that river, 1 1 miles SW. of Berwick. Cold Waltham , Hants, near Bafingftoke. Cold Waltham , Suft'ex, 4 miles from Arun- del. Cole, a river of Worcef. and Warw. Cole , Wilts, near Wotton Bnflet. Colebrook Dale, on the banks of the Severn, in Shropftiire, is a winding glen" between two hills, which break into various forms, and are covered with woods. Here are very confiderable iron works, and a large and eiegant bridge, of call iron, of one arch. There is alfo in the Dale a fpring of foffile tar, or petroleum, together with a fpring of brine $ and a work has been erefted here for obtaining a kind of tar from the condenfed fimoke of pit-coal. * Colebrook, Monm. near Ufk. Colebrook, a town of MafTachufets. Colcejler , Northumb. near Corbridge. Coleburn , Northumb. near Morpeth. Cole- green Houfe, 2 miles W. of Hertford. Colehall , Eftex, near Ingateftone. Cole- harbour, Surry, SW. of Darking. Cole hill, in Longford, Leinfter, 51 miles from Dublin. Coleman s Green , Herts, NE. of No- man’s Land. Colemero , Shropf. NW. of Wem. Cole Park , Wilts, SE. of Malmf- bury. Colepit Hilly Durham, S. of New- biggen. * Colerain, a town of Derry, in Ul- fter, which, before the building of Lon- donderry, gave name to the county. It has a valuable faltr.on nfiiery, and is fitu- ated 4 miles from the fea, & c. on the Ban, (which, being rapid, it is difficult for vef- fels to come up to the town) 23 miles NE. of Londonderry, and 114 from Dublin. Colerain , in King’s County, Leinfter, 48 miles from Dublin. Colejhourn , Little , Glouc. in Withing- ton parifh. Colejhourn, Gioucef. 6 milos from Cheltenham. ColeJhaU, Berks, near Farringdon. *Coleshill, a town in Warwickfhire, feated on the afcent pf a hill, near the Coin, 11 miles N W. of Coventry, and 102 from London. Market on Wednefday. Colejhill , Herts, in a part of the county infulated in Bucks, 4 miles W. of Rick- manfworth. Coley , or Coin , Yorkf. near Halifax. Colford, or Coverd, a town of Gloucefterfhire, near which are confider- able iron works. It is 5 miles E. of COL Monmouth, and 124 NE. of London,, Market on Tuefday. Colj'ord , SufF. near Bury. Collam , or Collan Green, Midd. near Hayes. Colima, a large and rich fea- port, of Mechoacan, on the W. coaft of Mexico, capital of a diftri6l of the fame name, abounding with cattle and orchards of co- coa-trees. It is nearly 200 miles W. of Mexico. Lat. 19. 50. N. Ion. 106. 6. W. Colkin , Kent, near Feverfham. Colkirk , Norf. S. of Fa ken ham. Collam, Yorkf. E. Riding, S. of Culham, and NW. of Kilham. Collaton, Devonf. near the mouth of the Arm. Collaton, Devonf. near Sid- moutb. Collaton , Devonf. SW. of Chim- leigh. Colle, two towns of Tulcany ; a town of Abruzzo Ultra 5 and a town of Abruz- zo Citra. Colledge, Lane. S. of Manchefter. Col- lercotes , Northumb. near Newcaftle. Col- lerfv'd, Northumb. near Walwick. Col - lern , Wilts, near Ccfham. Colerton, or Coleonjerton , Leicef. NE. of Afhby de la Zouch. Colley, Surry, NW. of Ryegate. Collier , Eftex, near Dagenham. Collier Row, Eftex, near Abeiy Hatch. Collier's End, Herts, between Ware and Pucke- ridge. Colligreen, Cornw. SW. of Left- vvithiel. Collinghurn Duke , Wilts, 10 miles from Mail borough. Collinghurn Kingjlon, Wilts, SW. of Great Bedwin. Collingham, Yorkf. near Wetherby. Col- ling bam, N. and S. Nott. 2 or 3 miles from Newark. Collingthwaite , Nott. a hamlet of Cokeney. Codington, Herefi. near Whithorn. Collington, Dorfetf. near Beminfter. “ Collingthrougb , 3 miles from Northampton. Collioure, a fmall fea-port in the dept, of the Eiftern Pyrenees, chiefiy in - habited by fifliermen, 10 miles SE. of Per- pignan. Colliwejlon, Northamp. about $ miles from Stamford. Collon., a neat, well-built town in Louth, Leinfter, 29 miles from Dublin. It has an excellent ftocking manufa&ory, with an extenfive bleach-green. Collon's Town , in W. Meath, Leinfter. Collojlock, Upper and Lower , Cornw. on the borders of Devonfhire. Collo'ville , in Armagh, Ulfter. ♦Collumpton, a pretty handfome town of Devonfhire, which carries on a manufa6lure of woollen. It is feated on the river Columb, 10 miles N. of Exeter, and 150 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Colmar, a town in the dept, of the Upper Rhine, containing about is, 000 in- habitants. COL habitants. It is fituated on two fmall ri- vers, the Fechi and the Lauch, 35 miles S, by W. of Strafburg. Colmars, a town in the dept, of the Lower Alps, 17 miles NE. of Blgne. Colmere, Hants, near Barton Stacy. Colmington, Shropi. near Stanton Lacey. COLMOGOROD, or KOLMOGORI, a town of Ruflla, feared on an ifland in the Bwina, 28 miles SE. of Archangel. Colmmorlh , 5 miles from Bedford. Coin j lee Col?y. Coin, St. Aimin' s, Glouc. on the banks of the Coin, 5 miles from Lech lade. Coin , St. Dennis , and Coin Ro- gers, Gioncef. 7 miles from Cirencefttr. Coin, a river, which runs through Herts and Middlefex, and divides the latter coun- ty from Bucks, and falls into the Thames at Staines. It is thus mentioned by Pope, “ Coin, whole dark ftreams his flowery i (lands lave.” Another in Eflex, which empties itfelf into the German Ocean, near Colchefter j and a third, which runs thro’ Gloucefterfhire and Oxfordfiiire, and falls into the Thames at Lec'hlade. Coi. n brook, a town of Bucks, prin- cipally fupported by the great inns on the Bath road. It is fituated on four channels of the river Coin, over each of which it has a bridge, 18 miles W. of London. Part of the town, however, is in Middle- Jex. Market on Wednefday. Colne, a town of Lancafhire, near Pendil Hill, 36 miles SE. of Lancafter, and 214 NNW. of London. Market on Wednefday. Colne Earls , and Colne Engame, Colne Wake, and Colne White , EfTex, between Colchefter and Halfttd, on the river Coin. (ddnry, Herts, 3 miles from St. Albans. Colney, Norf. 'near Norwich. Calnbam, Berks, z miles from Abingdon. Coin ■ head Park. Wefttnor. NW. of Kendal. Colocza, a decayed town of Hun- gary, feated on the Danube, in iat. 46. 3 ? .N. Cologna, a town in the Paduan. Cologne, an electoral bilhopric, and one of the moft fertile and conlidei able countries of Germany. It lies in the cir- cle of the Lower Rhine, and is divided in- fo feveral diftrifts by other Itatesj the greater part of it, however, is fituated on the Rhine, between the duchies of Juliet s and Berg. It contains 72 cities and towns, and produces, beiides corn and other necef- i’aries, excellent wine. The revenues are computed to amount to 130,0001. a year. Cologne, the capital of the eleftorate, is an ancient, large city, leated on the W. bank !>f the Rhine, by means of which ri- ver it trades opwaids with the interior of COL Germany, and downwards by large veflels with the Netherlands and Holland. It is a free imperial city, and though the elec- tor has a palace here, he Ins not the liber- ty of (laying in it many days together, without tiie confent of tile citizens ; nor is he permitted to come at all with a numer- out attendance. It contains 10 collegiate, and 49 parifh churches, 4 abbeys, 56 convents, 16 hofpirals, and 50 chapels. It is built in the form of a ere (cent, with 34 gates and fortified in the ancient man- ner. The llreets, however, except the principal onrs, are dirty and ill paved, and the houfes appear dark, and are thinly in- habited. Oppofife to the city, on the other fide of the Rhine is the village of Dentz, where there is a flying bridge of boats over the river, acrofs which a large com- pany of men, horfes, &c. may pals at a time. It is 17 miles SE. of Juhers, and 45 E. of Maeftricht. Lat. 50. 55. N. Ion, 7. 10. E. Colokitia, a town and gulf, on the foil them coafl: of the Morea, 25 miles SSE, of Mifitra. Colonna, a town in the Campagna di Roma, and a town in Dalmatia. Colonsa, an ifland on the W. coaft of Scotland, 6 miles long and 2, broad. It is 8 miles W. of Jura. Coloony, in Sligo^Connaught. Coloor, a town and diamond mine near Condavir, in the circar of Gtmtoor, Hmdoollan. Color NO, a town in the Parmezan. Colosvar. See Clausenburg. Colquite, Comw. NW. of Fowey, Col - rud^e, Devon f. SE- of Eggisford. CoU jhall , Kent, E. of Upchurch. Coljlerdale, Yo. kf. N. Riding, W. of Mafhain. Col- thorp, Yorkf. E. of Richmond. Qol’horp^ Gicuc. in Standifh pariih. CoUJhall , Suif, near Clare. # COLTSV/ORTHyorCCLSTERWORTH, Line. 3 miles from Grantham. Colverfore Green, Kent, between Wro- tham and the Railings. *C6 lumb Magna, or Sr. Columb, a little town in Cornwall, but with a large parifli, feated on a hill, at the bottom of which is a river which runs into the fen at a (mail diflance. It is 10 miles W. of Bodmin, and 249 from London. Markets on Monday and Thurfday. Columb Par-va, lies near the former, Columbia, a - new town of S. Caroli- na, feated on the Cangarte, 85 miles WNW. of Charlefton. It is intended for the capital of this province. Columbo, a town on the W. fide of the Ifland of Ceylon, formerly fubjeft -to the C G M the Dutch, but lately taken by the Englifti. Lat. 7. 10. N. Ion. 79, 56. E. f Columb David, Devonf. on the liver Columb, anti borders of Somerfetfliire, has a conliderable woollen manufa&ure. Co- fumb John, Devonf. S. of Bradnincb. Co- lumbjlock , Devon f. on the river Columb, between Taunton and Tiverton, has a Woollen manufacture. COLUMBTON. See COLLUMFTON. Coluri, anciently Salamis, an ifland of Livadia, and it’s chief town, fituated on an excellent harbour, 9 miles W, of Athens. Colwall, Heref. between Lidbury and the Malvern Hills. Coliy all, Northumb. near Coal. Colway , Dorfetf, NW. of Lyme Regis. Col-wick , Staff, near Wolf- ley Bridge. Colwick, Upper and Lower, 2 or 3 miles E. of Nottingham. Colworth , Siiflex, near Cnichefter. Com, or Koom, a town in Trac Agemi, Pcrtia, celebrated for it's manufa6fures of filk. and velvet. It is 90 nmiles S. cf Caf- bin. Comachio, a town, valley, or diftrift, and lake of Italy, in the Ferrarefe. It’s air is unhealthy. Comana, a fea-port and didrift of Paria, in the mod north-eadeiiy part of Terra Firmh. Comb , Glouc. near Wotton under Edge. Comb , Cornw. W. of Fowey. Comb, De- von!'. in the parifh of St. Mary’s Ottery. Comb , Devoni’. E. of Exeter. Comb, De- von!. E. of Torrington. Comb, Devonf. NE. of Creditor. Comb, Dorfetf. in Pur- beck If]e. Comb , K[eref. between Lto- minfter and Preftayne. Comb . Kent, near Greenwich and Woolwich. Comb , Glouc. in Campden parifh. Comb , Somerf. SE. of Bath. Comb , and Park , Somerf. N. of Wivclfcomb. Comb , Somerf. near Dul- verton. Comb , Hants, 6 miles NW. of Whitchurch. Comb , Surry, near Croy- don. Comb Abbas , Dorfetf. near Chi J- comb. Comb Abbey, Warw. 3 miles from Coventry. Comb ■ Appledore , Hants, be- tween Bufh Waltham and Pctersfield, Comb BaJJ'et, Wilts, 2 miles from Salifbu- ry. Comb End, Giouc. in Elkdone parifh. Comber, in Down, UHter, onva branch of Srrangford Lake, 88 miles NE. of Dublin. Comb plory, Somerf. NW. of Bifhop’s Lidiard. Comb Green, Wo reef. NE. of Up f on. Comb Hay. Somerf. 3 miles S. of Bath. Comb in < Tene. Devon!', near New- ton Bufhel. Comb Keins, Dorfetf. near E. Lulworth. Comb Long, Oxfordf. W. of Wood dock. Comb Martin, a town of Devonfhire, COM feated on an inlet of the Brjdol Channel, with a cove for the landing of boats. It is 14 miles NE. of Barnflaple, and 181 from London. Market on Saturday. Comb Nether, Dorfetf. NE. of Bridport. Comb Nevil, Surry, near Kingdon upon Thames. Comb Park, Surry, NE. of .Kingdon. Comb Si. Nicholas, Somerfetf. NYV. of Chard. Combed, Suffex, in Afli- down Fored. Comberford, Staft'. in Wig- gington parifh. Comberhire, Radn. near Knighton. Combermere, Chefh. nearKlon- gleton. Combermere , a lake in Chef, on the borders of Shropdiire. Co?nberton , 5 miles from Cambridge. Comberton, Great and Little , Worcef. near Perdiore. Comber - worth , Line. SE. of Aiford. Combnely , a river in Carmarthen/'. Cambridge, Staff. SE. of Uttoxeter. Combroke, Warwickf. Combs, Suff. near Stowmarket. Combs , Suff. near Sboreham. Comb's Edge, Derb. in the High Peak. Comb's Hoit, Dorfetf. W. of Everfhot. Comb *temple, Dorfetf. near Chilcomb. Combwell,¥Lent, inGood- hurft parilh. Combwhitton , Cumber!, be- tween Newbiggen and the river Eden. Comcarvon, Monro. E. of Ragland Cadle. Comer, Dorfetf. in Whitchurch parifh. Comerford , Wilts, near Caine. Comford , Kent, near Baling. Comines, a town in the dept, of the North, feated on the river Lis, 5 miles SW. of Menin. Philip de Comines, au- thor of the celebrated memoirs of his own time, was horn of an illudrious family, in this place. Comley , Ide of Wight, in W. Medina, Commerch, a river in Brecknockfn. which runs into the Irvon at Longmarfh, Commendo, a kingdom of Africa, on the Gold Coad, about 20 miles fquare. Commendo, Grand, or Guaffo, a town of Africa, capital of the kingdom of Commendo, and reddence of the king. Lat.4. 54. N. Ion. o. 34. E. Commendo, Little, a town on the Gold Coad, once a place of great note, where the Englifh and Dutch have forts. It is 4 miles S. of Great Commendo. CommePvCY, a town in the dept, of the Meufe, feated on the river Meufe, 24 miles SSE. of Verdun. Commotau, or Chomstqn, a town of Saatz, Bohemia, 42 miles NW. of Prague. Como, a town, lake, and didri£t of Milan. The lake is about 5 miles in breadth, and 88 in circumference. The town is fituated on the ST. extremity of the lake. Here the younger Pliny was born, who, in his letters, (peaks with rapture of the delightful fccnery in the environs of COM his native town. Hisftatue is placed in a niche on the outfide of one of the churches, with a Latin inscription, 1 bearing the date of 1499. The inhabitants have eftablifhed Several manufactories of cotton and filk, and trade with the Grifons. Como is 20 miles' NW. of Milan. Lat. 45. 34. N. Jon. 9. 7. E. Comora Islands, a clutter of ittands in the Indian Ocean, lying oppofite to the coaft of Zanguebar, in Africa, N. of the Channel of Mofambique, and NW. of Madagafcar. They are four in number, Johanna or Anjoan, Mayotta, Mohilla, and Comora cr Angazija. Comora, which gives name to the rett, is about 6 leagues long and 3 wide. The mountains are lofty, and richly clothed with wood, chiefly fruit trees ; fine rtreams are numerous, and the grafs and trees are green through on t the year. They produce rice, peas, yams, purflain, cocoa-nuts, plantains, oranges, lemons, citrons, limes, pine apples, cucum- bers, tamarinds, fugar-canes, and honey. Their animals are buffaloes, goats, tor- toifes, cameleons, large bats, hens,. and a great variety of birds unknown in Europe. Though Johanna is not the largeli ifland, the Arabs, who have fettled here, exact tribute from all the others. They are about 3000 in number, profefs the Maho- metan religion, and are fettled on the fea- coatt. The original natives, in number about 70-50, occupy the hills, and are fre- quently at war with them, as are alfo the natives of the other iflands. In the inte- rior part'of the ifland is a lake accounted facred by the natives; on this there is a number of ducks, which they hold in ve- neration. Being averfe to conduit ft rangers there, they ttipulate that all guns fnal? be left at a place 5 miles frojm the lake. The birds being thus kept in fafety, become perfectly tame, and fearlefsly approach thofe who go to fee them. The Arabian part of the iflanders deteft this fuperttition, but dare not forbid the practice of it. The E. India fhips often touch here for refrefh- ments. The people on the coaft fpeak Eng- lifh intelligibly. They preferve the lan- guage and manners of Arabia, and are not of lb dark a complexion as the original natives. The Comora Iflands lie between 11 and 13 deg. S. lat. and between 44 and 47 E. Jon. Comorin, a promontory of Afia, the mott fouthern point of the peninfula of Hindooftan. Lat. 7. 50. N. Ion. 77. 33. E. Comora, a town and diltriit of Hun- gary. Compiegne, a town in the dept, of Oife, trading in corn, wine, and wood. CON It is feated near a foreft, containing 27,00® acres, at the confluence of the Aifne and Oife, 45 miles NE. of Paris. Compostella, St. Jago de, a city, the capital of Galicia, in Spain, feated in a peninfula, formed by the rivers Sar and Sarela. It contains about 2000 houfes, befides 14 religious houfes, 12 churches, and an univerfity, which, with the public fquares, are very magnificent. It is 265 miles NW. of Madrid. Compostella Nuova, a town of Mexico, capital of the province of Xalifco, lituated near the Pacific Ocean, 300 miles WNW. of Mexico. Lat. 2r. 20. N. Compton , Berks, near Ha rn fled Norris. Co 7 ?ipton, Devonf. between Afhburton and Torbay. Co 777 pton, Wilis, W. of Ever- ley Hare Warren. Compton , Hants, W. of Winchefter. Compton, Surry, SW. of Guildford. Compton , Surry, near Farn- ham. Compton } Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Co mpton, Wilts, between Salii- bury and Hindon. Compton , Staff, near Wolverhampton. Compton, Suff. NW. of Chichefter. Compton, Giouc. in Withing- ton parifh. Compton Abbas, Dorf. 2 miles NW. of E. Compton. Compton Abbas , Dorfctf. 1 mile from Mclhury. Compton Abdal , Giouc. near Hampnet. Compton Bajfet, Wilts, N. of Caine. Compton Beau- champ, Berks, W. of the Vale of White Horle. Compton Bifhops , Somerf. NW. of Axbridge. Co 7 npton Cajfiey, Giouc. near Compton Abdal, Co 7 np:on David, So- merf. NE. of Pensford. Compton Dundo , Somerf. N. of Somerton. Compton , E . and W . Dorietl. SW. of Melbury. Comp- ton, E. and W. Dorf. ; E. Compton lies 2 miles SW. of Frampton. Co 7 npton Grin- field, Gloucef. between Brittol and Autt. Compton Hall, or Fenny, Warw. 4 miles from Banbury. Compton , Little, Gloucef. 5 miles from Stow. Compton Long, or Compton in the Hole, Warw. on the bor- ders of Oxf. CG 777 pton Mar dock, Warw, 2 miles from Kington. Compton Martin , Somerf. SE. of Wrinton. Compton , Nether and Over, Dorfetf. between Sherborn and Yeovil. Compton Pauncefort, Somerfetf. near Sherborn. Compyne, Devonf. near Axmouth. Colfiholm, Line, on the coaft, near Stamfleet. Co 77 ivjindge, Somerf. on the Parret, below Bridgewater. Corny oy , Monm. near Trewin. Conam, Shropf. E. of Ludlow. Concan, a trail of country, on the W. coaft of Hindooftan, between Bombay and Goa, feparated from the reft of the conti- nent by a ridge of mountains, called the Gauts. It is lubjeil to the Mahrattas* and lies between 16 and 19 deg. N. lat. CONCARNEAU, CON Concarneau, a fea-port in the dept, of Finifterre, n miles from Quimper. Conception, a fea-port, on the coaft of Chili, containing about 7000 inhabit- ants, Spaniards and Meftices. The har- bour is large and commodious, and the en- virons are fertile. It was formerly the capital of Chili, and is now capital of a jurifdi£lion. Lat. 36. 45. S. Conception, a town in Veragua, Mexico, 90 miles W. of Panama. Concordia, a town of Mirandola, and a town of Friuli ; both in Italy. Cond, Shropf. SE. of Condover. Condapilly, a town and circar of Hindooftan, bounded on the SW. by the river Kiltsah, and on the NW. by the country of Golconda. Lat. 16. 37. N. Ion. So. 30. E. Condavir, a town, in the circar of Guntoor, Hindooftan, fituated on a moun- tain, 26 miles W. of Guntoor, 25 SW. of Condapilly, and 20 from the S. bank of the Kiftna*‘. Conde, a town in the dept, of the North, feated at the confluence of the ri- vers Scheldt and Haifne, 7 miles NE. of of Valenciennes. Conde, a town in the dept, of Calva- dos, feated on the river Noireau, 17 miles W. of Falaife. The inhabitants trade in cloth, leather, and cutlery. CONDECEDO, or POINT DELGADO, a cape in Yucatan, theeaftern point of the bay of Campeachy. Lon. 92. E. Conder, a river in Lineal. Conderton , Glouc. NE. of Tewkefbury, fituated on a tongue of land, furrounded by Worcefterf. Condicoty Glouc. 3 miles from Stow. Condom, a town in the dept, of Gers, (late capital of the Condomois) containing about 5000 inhabitants, but neither rich not- commercial. It is feated on the river Baize, 22 miles N. of Ai;ch. CONDORE, or PULO CONDORE, the principal of a duller of illands, in the In- dian Ocean, which lie about 60 miles S. by E. from the mouth of the river Cambo- dia. Mangoe trees grow here as large as apple trees, and when ripe have a pleafant fmell and tafte. The natives are idola- trous j they are of a fmall ftature, have a dark olive complexion, flender features, and dark black hair. In the ifland is an excellent harbour. Lat. 8. io. N. Ion. 105. 45. E. Condover, Shropf. between Bruges and Shrewfbury. Coney Hatch , Midd. between Hornfey and Whetftone. Coney ljlandy in Cork, Munfter, in Ban- try Bay. Coney IJland , on the coaft of Dowq> in Ulfter. CON CONFL AN s, a town in the dept, of Up- per Saone ; a town in the dept, of Seine and Oife ; and a valley of Roufillon, wa- tered by the river Tet. Confolent, a town in the dept, of Charente, feated on the river Vienne, 28 miles NE. of Angouleme. Congerjbury, Somerfetf. under Mendfp Hills, 6 miles from Axbridge. CongerJion t Leic. NVV. of Market Bofworth. Cong- hull, Chefli. N W. of Delamere Ford. *CONGLETON, a town of Chefhire, feated on the river Dane. It has manu- fa6lorie$ of leather-gloves, cotton, and fiik j the filk-mill here employing 700 perfons. It is 7 miles S. of Macclesfield, and 164 NW. of London. Market on Saturday. Congo, or Lower Guinea, a large trail of country, on the W. coaft of Africa, extending from the equinoctial to 17 deg. S. lat. and containing the countries of Lo- ango, Congo Proper, Angola, and Ben- guela. It is bounded on the W. by the Atlantic, on the N. by Benin and Mako- ko, on the E. by Makoko and the interior of Africa, and on the S. by Mataman and unknown lands. Their feafons are the reverie of curs, during our fummer they have rain almoft every day, and this is called the winter feafon; but, during their fummer, the weather is conftantiy ferene. In the deferts within land there are ele- phants, tigers, leopards, monkeys, fer- pents of a monllrous length, rattlelnakes, vipers, dangerous white ants, or pifmires, fcorpions, and other venomous infeCis, both flying and reptile; and, in the river Zaire, crocodiles and river horfes. Near the coaft the foil is fertile, producing various kinds of fruits, befides palm-trees, from which they get wine and oil. Many of the in- habitants wonhip the fun, moon, and flats, and different kinds of animals ; others have embraced the religious profeflion of the Portuguefe. They are fkilful in weaving cotton cloth, and carry on the traffic in flaves, as well as in ivory, caffia, fruits, and other produce of the country. Congo is divided into feveral provinces. The principal rivers are the Zaire, the Dando, the Coanza, the Vambra, and the Barbela. Congo Proper, is about 150 miles in length along the coaft, and 372 in breadth, and is included between Loango and An- gola. Honey and wax are found here in prodigious plenty. The principal town is St. Salvador. Congo. See Bander Congo. Congrave, S. of Stafford. Coni, a very Itrong town and fortrefs of Piedmont, fituated on the Stura, 31 miles S. of Turin* CONJNGSECK, CON ConingsecKj a town of Schwartzburg Rudolftadt, Upp^r Saxony ; and a princi- pality of Suabia, of which there are two branches, Conittgfeck Rhothenfels and Coningfeck Aulendorf, both railed to the rank of counts, with only one vote in the diet, given alternately. Coningfion Mere, a lake of Lancafliire, 5 miles long and i broad, in the hundred of Furnefs. Fleming Coningfton lies on one fide of it, and Monk’s Coningfton on the other. Conington , Hur.tingdonf. near' Stilton. Conington , 9 miles from Cambridge. Co- nijburgh , Yorkf. SW. of Doncafter. Co- mf cliff, Durham, near Perfebridge. Coni- jide, Lancaf. near Swart Moor. Conif- thorp , Yorkf. SW. of Malton. Conijlon, Yorkf. W. Riding, between Skipton and Settle. Coni'wefton, Suff. W. of Buddef- dale. Conna , in Waterford, Munfter. Connaught, the moll westerly pro- vince in Ireland, containing the counties of Leitrim, Sligo, Mayo, Rofcommon, and Galway. It is bounded on the W. and NW. by the ocean, on the N. by TJlfter, and on the E. and S. by Ltinfttr and Mun- fter. It contains 296 parilhes, and 95,821 houfes, and is 130 miles in length, and 84 in breadth. It has no confiderable rivers, befide the Shannon; but has feveral con- venient bays and creeks. It is fertile in many places, but thinly inhabited; but, by the introdu&ion of the linen manufac- ture, the numbers of the inhabitants are beginning to increafe. Connecticut, one of the five ftates of New England. It is 73 miles long, and about 44 broad, and is bounded on the W. by New York, on the N. by Mafta- chufets, on the E. by Rhode Illaud, and on the S. and SE. by the Sound, which di- vides it from Long Ifland. Though fub- >e6b to the extremes of heat and cold, and to frequent and ludden changes of weather, the country is healthful, and the moft po- pulous, in proportion to it’s extent, of any ot the United States: in 1790, the num- ber of the inhabitants was 237,946, of which 2764 were flaves. It mumbles a well-cultivated garden, producing, with moderate labour, the neceftaries and con- veniences of life in abundance. The in- habitants are of the religious denomination of Independents. It’s principal rivers are the Connc&icut, the Houlatonik, and the Thames. It contains the counties of Hartford, Newhaven, New London, Fan- field, Windham, Litchfield, Middlefex, and Tolland. The river Connexion, riles in the N. part of New Hampfhire, fe- G 6 N parating that ftate from Vermont, enters Malfachul’ets at Northfield, erodes that ftate, enters Conne£ticut about 7 miles N. of Hartford, and after dividing the latter ftate nearly in the centre, runs into the lea at the NE. end of Long Ifland Sound; Between Walpole on the E. and Weft- minfter on the W. fide of the river, are the great falls, over which a bridge, j60 feet in length, was built in 1784, rhe firft ever erefted over this- noble river, which is navigable above 40 miles for large vd- feis, and much farther for lVnall ones. Connor, a town of Antrim, in Ulfter, 6 miles N. ( of Antrim, and 90 of Dublin. Connor faille, in Cork, Munfter. Conock , Wilts, 3 miles from Market Lavington. Conondley , Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, SW. of Skipton. Conqueft, Somerf. in the Vale of Taunton. Conquest, Le, a town in the dept, of Finifterre, with a good harbour and road, fituated 10 miles W. of Brett. Constance, the name of two lakes that feparate Swiflerland from Germany. The Upper Lake, or the Boden See, is 1 5 leagues long, and 6 where broadeft. - Through this lake the Rhine flows, and then enters the Lower Lake, or Zeller See, t which is 16 miles long, and 10 in it’s great eft breadth. Constance, a city of Suabia, plea- ' fantly feared on the Rhine, between two lakes of the fame natpe. It has magnifi- cent public buildings, and once flourilhed in commerce; but is now much reduced: a dead ftillnefs prevails throughout the town ; grals grows in the principal ftreets, and the inhabitants fcarcely amount to j 3000. Constantina, a town of Andalufia. Constantin a, or Costhinah, an- ciently Cirta, a city, capital of a diftrift of Algiers, fituated on the river Rumnel. ; It was formerly one of the ftrongeft towns of Numidia : abundance of ruins give evi- dence of it’s ancient grandeur. Lat. 36. 50. N. Ion. 6. 1 5. E. Conjlantine , Cornw. on a hill, between Helfton and Falmouth. Constantinople, the ancient By- zantium, one of the largeft and moft ce- lebrated cities of Europe, ftanding at the SE. extremity of Romania, and capital 'of the Ottoman Empire. It is pleafantly feated between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmora, on a neck of land feparated from Natolia by a ftrait a mile in breadtfi. The grand fignior’s palace, called the Se- raglio, is on the fea-fide, furrounded by walls flanked with towers, and is 7 miles in ! circumference, including the gardens. It contains. CON contains, be fide the public offices anil she apartments of - the fultan anti > the women, 162 odas, or apartments, for the Janiza- ries. Fronting the great gate 'of tne le~ ' raglio, is the celebrated royal rnofque of St. Sophia, 'built, for a cbrihian church, by the Emperor Juftinian, to which the grand fignior goes in perfon every Friday. In the cattle of the feven towers, to which an eighth has been added, Inuated near the Sea of Marmora, ftate prilbners are confin- ed. The bazars, or markets, are fquare buildings, covered with domes, and fup- ported by arcades. The number of houfes in Constantinople mull be prodigious, fince 30,000 of them have been deftroyed by fire in a day, without greatly changing the afpe£t of the city. The houfes in ge- neral are crowded with inhabitants, yet they have a mean appearance on the out- fide, where there are few or no windows, and the ftreets are narrow : even the pa- laces of the grandees have nothing remark- able on their outfide, but within they are decorated with fplendid and coftly orna- ments. Here are reckoned 3770 ftreets and lanes, which are never clean, and the inhabitants are vifited by the plague almoft every year. The inhabitants have been eftimated at 800, oco, of which about half are Turks, two-thirds of the other half Greeks, Armenians, and Franks, and the reft Jews. The great fquare, near the mofque of the Sultan Ebjazet, is the place for public diverfions, where the jugglers and mountebanks difplay their tricks. The ftreet called Adrianople, is the longeft.and broadeft in the city. The circumference of the city is by fome faid to be 15 miles, and by Tournefort 23 miles ; to which, if we add the fuburbs, it may be 34 miles in 1 - compafs. The fuburb, called Pera, is de- lightfully fituated, and is the place where the ambafladors of England, France, Hol- land, and Venice relidc, Conftanrinople is built in form of a triangle, and as the i ground rifes gradually, there is a view of the whole town from the fea, in which the palaces, mofques, bagnios, and cara- vanfarats, riling above the other houfes, have a grand effeft. The harbour is fpa- cious and convenient. Conftantinople is fituated 1 12 miles ESE. of Adrianople, 670 SE. of Vienna, and 1500 ESE. of London. Lat. 41. N. ion. 28. 59. E. Constantinople, Tile Strait of, anciently The Thracian Bosphorus, forms the communication between the Euxine or Black Sea, and the Propontis or Sea of Marmora. It is the boundary be- tween Europe and Afia in this part, and is 20 miles long, and where narrowed, a -coo mile and a quarter broarj. The adjacent country is remarkably beautiful. On one fide of, the (bait is fituated Conftantmopte, and on the other Scutari, which is cunli- dered as a fuburb to the city. Con st anti now, a town in Voliunia, Poland, fituated on the river Slucza. Contesa, a fea-port of Macedonia, fi- tuated at the bottom of a guif, to which it gives name, at the mouth of the river Stiimon. Conti, a town in the dept, of Somme, feated on the river Selle, 12 miles S. of Amiens, and 60 N. of Paris. Consuegra, a town of New Caftile, Containing 2 parifii churches and 3 con- vents. It belongs (or lately did) to the Knights of Malta, and is 25 miles SSE. of Toledo. Con versano, a town of Bari. Conway. See ,/Vberconway. Conway, a river of Wales, which rifes from a lake where the 3 counties of Car- narvon, Denbigh, and Merioneth meet, 12 miles N. of Dolgelly, flows through the Vale of Conway, and leparating nearly the whole ealfern border of Carnarvonfhire from Denbighlhire, falls into the Irifh Channel at Aberconway. Conwydd, Mc- rionethftiire. Conza, a town, considered as the capi- tal of Pi in cs pa to Ultra, fituated near the head of tlie river Ofanto, 48 miles E. of Naples. It’s principal commerce is in marble. Cook bury, Devon f. near Houlfworthy. Cookham , Be: ks, N: of Maidenhead. Cook- ham, Great and Little, Surry, between Leatherhead and the Hoffleys. Cookley % Stiff, near Hale (worth. Cookbridge , York f. between Ukley and Addle. Cock’s River, a large river of North America, which flows into the N. Pacific Ocean, in lat. 59. 10. N. ion. 150. o. W. Capt. Cook failed up this river 7oleagu&s, without finding any appearance of it’s fource. Cook’s Straits, a ftrait in the S. Pa- cific Ocean, 4 or 5 leagues in breadth, which divides the two i (lands, of which New Zealand is compofed. Cook's Town, in Tyrone, Ulfter; 81 miles f rotn Dublin. Coo.'aguragh , in Cork, Munfter. Coo/any, a river of Sligo, in Connaught, which runs into the bay of ArdnagJafs, 5 miles SW. of the town of Sligo. Coolatin and Coolboy , in Wicklow, Leinfter. Coolketmo , in Wicklow, Lein- fter, 54 miles from Dublin. Cool, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Coolinanta , in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Coorn Bank, Kent, 6 miles from Seven- oaks. COQ calcs. Cooper's Hall, Effex, x mile from Epping. Cooper's Hill, Glouc. a hamlet in Brockwoith. Cooper's Hill , the fubjeft of a celebrated poem by Sir John Denham, 19 miles W. by S. of London. It’s bafe extends alofig the edge of Runnymead, and on it’s fummit is the beantiful fpot called Englefield Green. Cooper’s River, a large, navigable river of the United States, which joins the Aflfley below Charlefton, in S. Carolina. The united ftream forms a fpacious and convenient harbour, which communicates with the ocean a little below Sullivan’s Ifland. The Cooper is a mile wide at the ferry, 9 miles above Charlefton. Coos, or Cos, an ifland in the Archi- pelago. Lat. 37. N. Ion. 27. 44. E. Copdoc'k, SufF. SW. of Ipfwich. Cope- land, and it’s Foreft, Cumb. near Egre- mont. Copenhagen , Midd. SW. of High- gate. Copenhagen, the capital of Den- mark, is the moft uniform, and beft built city in the north. It contains 4 royal pa- laces, 1 univerfity, confifting of 4 colleges, 19 churches, and about 4000 houfes, inoft- ly built of brick. The ftreets are almoft all broad, and in a ftraight line, well paved, with a foot- way on each fide, but too nar- row for general nfe. It was formerly the fee of an archbifhop ; but the Danes have curtailed their prelates of their lands, re- venues, and power. The haven is gene- rally crowded with fliips ; and the ftreets are interfered by broad canals, which bring the merchandife clofe to the ware- boufes on the quays. The city is about 5 miles in circumference, and is feated on the E. fhore of the ifle of Zealand, 300 miles SW. of Stockholm, and 500 NE. of London. Lat. 55. 41. N. Ion. 12. 40. E. Copenhall , Chefhire, between Sandbach and Namptwich. Copenhall Monks, Che- Ihife, S. of Copenhall. Copford , Effex, near Colchefter. Copgranoe, Vorkfh. between Knarefborough and Boroyghbridge. Cop- ham, Middlefex, near Lalam. Copice Leys , Berks, near Wantage. Copinford , Hunt- ingdonf. E. of the Giddings. Copinhall , Staff. N. of Penkridge. Coplejlon, Devon- Ihire, near Crediton. Copley Hall, York- Ihire, SE. of Halifax. Coppenthorp, 5 miles S. of York. Copjlon, Magna and Farva, Warwiekfh. SE. of Nun-Eaton. Copthall , Effex, between Epping and the Foreft. Copthall, Cambridgefhire, in the Ifle of Ely. Coquet IJland, Northumber- land, between Seaton and Aylmouth : it has only one houfe, and takes it’s name from the river Coquet. Coqjuujbq, or Serena, a jurifdi&ion, COP fea-port, and river of Chili, which has been often plundered by the Englifli. Lat. 29. 54 S. Ion. 71. 11. W. Corah, or Corahjehenabad, a town in the country of Oude, Hindooftan, 53 miles SSW. of Lucknow. Coram, Yorkfhire, N. Riding, near Midlam. Corbach, a town, the capital of Wal- deck, in the circle of Upper Rhine. Corbech, a town in the ci-devant Auftrian Brabant, near Louvain. Corbeil, a town in the department of Seine andOife, the principal trade of which is the tanning of leather. It is feated on both fides of the Seine, 1 5 miles S. of Paris. Corbie, a town in the dept, of Somme, feated on the Somme, 10 miles E. of Ami- ens. Corbin's Hall, Staff, in Swinford parifh. CorBits, a town of Meiffen, Upper Saxony. Corbridge, Northumb. near Hexham. Corby, a town of Lincolnfhire, be- tween Market Deeping and Grantham. Market dn Wednefday. Corby, Northamptonf. between Ketter- ing and King’s Clift'. Corby Caftle, Cum- berland, a beautiful and romantic feat on the Eden near Carlifle. Cordilleras. See Andes. Cordock Hill, Shropfhire. Cordova, anciently Corduba, a large city of Andalufia, feated on the Gua- dalquiver, over which is a ftone bridge, of 16 arches, built by the Moors. Here are 16 parifh churches, befides the cathedral, 36 convents, 16 hofpitals, 2 colleges, and an ancient palace of the Moorifli kings, lately converted into ftables for 100 An- dalnfian horfes. The cathedral, which was formerly a mofque, ftill retains the name of Mezquita. In the fquare, called the Plaza Major, are fplendid buildings, under which are piazzas. There are ma- ny orchards and gardens within the walls of the city, and in the neighbouring moun- tains, there are groves of citron, orange, fig, and olive trees. The trade confifts of wine, fruits, filk, and Cordovan lea- ther, and the beft horfes of Spain are had from it. It is 75 miles NE. of Seville, and 135 S. by W. of Madrid. Cordova, a diftriil or province of Spain, once an independent kingdom, now a part of Andalufia. Alfo, a town and province of S. America, in the govern- ment of Buenos Ayres, little known. Lat. 32. 10. S. Ion. 25. 30. E. Copland IJlands, on the coaft of Down, in U liter, at the §. entrance of Carrick- f erg us COR fergus Bay, known by the names of Big, Crofs, and Mew. On the Crofs Ifland is a light-houle. Lat. 54. 40. N. Ion. 5. 55- VV. Corcreagh , in Louth, Leinfter. Cor- driny , in Cork., Munfter. Cordrohy , in Cork, Munfter. Corea, a peninfula, lying to the NE. of China, bounded on the SW. by the Yellow Sea, which parts it from China; on the N. by Chinefe Tartary ; and on the S. by a narrow lea, which parts it from the japanefc Iflands. The people are ci- vil and courteous, are fond of learning, mulic, and dancing, and greatly rcfemble the Chinefe in cultoms and religion. The country is divided into 8 provinces, and there are many towns in it exceedingly po- pulous. It extends, from N. to S. about 500 miles, and about 200 from E. to W. They trade in * nfeng, gold, filver, iron, yellow varnifh, fable-fkins, caftor, mine- ral fait, fowls with tails 3 feet long, and horfes only 3 feet high. Corea, though mountainous, abounds in corn and rice. The king, who is tributary to the empe- ror of China, refides at Handling. Corely , Shropfhire, SW of Clebury. Gorfe , Somerfetfhire, S. of Taunton. Corfe Castle, a town of Dorfetfhire, with fome trade in (tone, and knit (lock- ings. Tt is fcated on a peninfula, called Purbeck Ifle, between two hills, on one of which Hands the caftle, faid to have been built by king Edgar, now in ruins. It is 21 miles E. of Dorchelter, and 120 W. by S. of London. Market on Thurfd. Corfe Hill, Dorfetfhire, near Melcomb Regis. Corfe Hubert, Corfe Moulin > and Corfe St. Nicholas, Dorfetfhire, near Stur- ininfter. Corfu, anciently known by the names of Scheria, Phteacia, Corcyra, and Drepano, an ifland of the Mediterra- nean, near the coaft of Albania, long held by the Venetians, but lately fubjeft to the French. The iflanders make great quan- tities of fait; and the country abounds with vineyards, oranges, lemons, citrons, olive trees, grapes, honey, wax, and oil. The capital is Corfu, on the E. coift of the ifland. Lat. 39. 40. N Ion. 20. o. E. Corlie, Warwickshire, N. of Coventry. Coria, a town of Seville, and a town of Eftremadura ; both in Spain. Coringham, Effex, W. of Canvey Ifle. Coringley, Herts, NW. of Buntingford. Corinth, or Coranto, an ancient and celebrated city, lituated on the ifthmus which joins the Morea to Greece. It is now decayed, the houfes being intermixed COR with fields, orange groves, and gardens, like a village, the inhabitants not exceed- ing 1 300 or 1400 ; there ftill remain, how- ever, ruins of temples, and other marks of it's former magnificence. The adja- cent country abounds with corn, wine, and oil; and, from the cafile, feated on the top of an almoft inacceflible rock, there is one of the fineft prolpeds of land and water in the world. It is 40 miles NW. of Athens. Lat. 38 14. N. Ion. 23. 18. E, Coripale , Somerf. W. of Bridgewater. Co rita, a town of Leon. Cork, a county of Munfter, in Ireland, 84 miles in length, and 62 in breadth, be- ing the largeft in the kingdom. It is bounded on the W. and SW. by Kerry and the fea ; on the N. by Limerick; on the E. by Waterford and a part of Tippe. rary ; and on the S. by the ocean. It con- tains 269 parifhes, 76,739 houles, and about 416,000 inhabitants. It abounds with excellent harbours, and has many fine rivers, as the Black. water, Lee, Ban- on, lien, See. The foil varies; in many parts it is fertile, and i’ne country is pret- ty populous. Cork, city of, the capital of the coun- ty. and the fecond in Ireland for extent, trade, and population, containing about 8600 houfes, and upwards of 70,000 in- habitants. It is a well-built place, and has improved furprifingly of late years, feveral broad ltreets having been lately added, by filling up the canals that ran through them. It is feated on the river Lee, by which it is nearly lurrounded, and by means of the different channels, veflels come up into the different parts of the town. It’s principal export is fait provi- fions. During the flaughtering feafen, which holds from Auguft to the latter end of January, they kill and cure about 100,000 head of black cattle. Their other exports confift of pork, tallow’, hides raw and tanned, butter, candles, calves, lambs, and rabbits’ (kins, wool, linen and woollen yarn, and worfled and linen cloth. The country, adjacent to Cork, is hilly and beautiful, affording extenfive and diverfi- fied profpe6ts. It is 15 miles from the fea, about 50 nearly S. of Limerick, and 124 SW. of Dublin. Lat. 51. 54. N. Ion. 8. 23. W. Cork Harbour, or the Cove of Cork, one of the beft in the world, is about 7 miles below the town, and fo fpa- cious and deep, as to be capable of con- taining the largeft veffels, and the moft extenfive fleets. The entrance is eafy, and it is fecure from currents and florins, N One COR One fide of Cork. Harbour is formed by Great Illand, which is 4 miies long and 2 broad, and very fertile. Corkaguinny , in Kerry, Munfter, is a fertile peninlula, between the bays of Dingle and Tralee, 24 miles long and 8 broad. Corkbeg , near the mouth of C01 k Harbour, to the.SW. C,orkley> Northumb. NE. of Hexham. Corhthorpe , Line. W. of Sleaford. Corlino, a town of Pruflian Pomera- nia, with confiderable woollen manufac- tures, fituated on the Perfante, 14 miles SE. of C tfberg. Cormantin, Great and Little, two towns, or forts, in the territory of Fantin, on the Gold Coaft. In the latter the Dutch have a fort. Cormeilles, a town in the dept, of Oife ; and a town in the dept, of the Eure. Cormery, a town in the dept, of In- dre and Loire, feated on the Indre, 7 miles SE. of Tours. Cornbury , Oxfordlhire, 5 miles from Woodftock. Corndean, Gloucefterlhire, in Winchcombe parilh. Corneley , Cornwall, near Tregony. Cornerd , Magna and Parva, Suffolk, near Neyland. Corner HalU Herts, between Hemel Hempftead and Berkhampftead. Corneto, a town in the Patrimonio, 38 miles NW. of Rome. Cornbampton, Hants, NE. of Bufh Waltham, Cornbill , Durham. Cornix, Middl. between Rifslp and Moore Hall. Cornwall, a county of England, which forms the SW. extremity of Great Britain. It is bounded on the E. by De- vcnlhire ; it’s other parts are walked by the lea. It’s length, from E. to W. is 74 miles; it’s breadth next to Devonlhire, is about 46, but it foon contra&s, and is gra- dually narrowed into ifthmufes: on the SW. it terminates in two promontories, the Lizard Point, and the Land’s End. It contains 9 hundreds, and 161 parilhes, be- tween 1 zoo and 1300 villages, and 27 market-towns. From it’s vicinity to the lea, it is expofed to frequent ftorms, but exempted from hard frofts and great heats. There is abundance of rainy and foggy weather; but the inhabitants are feldom troubled with agues or fevers. The fpring Ihews itfelf in the buds and blof- foms l'ooner than in the others parts of England; but the harveft is later, and the fruits have lels flavour than in the midland counties. Here are fome uncommon plants, and plenty of fea-herbs, as camphire, er- ingo, ros 1‘olis, See. It is well fituated for the herring and pilchard fitheries, and the Inhabitants fully avail themlelves of their COR local advantages. It derives, howevfl*, it’s chief importance from it’s minerals ; thefe confift of tin and copper. The cop- per-mines are numerous and rich in ore, fmall quantities of gold and fllver have fometimes been found; but it’s tin mines are it’s greateft fource of wealth ; for thele it has been long famous, and it’s coafts have been vifited by the Phtnicians and Greeks in very remote antiquity ; they were known feveral centuries before the Chriftian era, and have been worked con- ftantly ever iince. With the metalline ores are found large quantities of mundic and arfenic; many forts of ftones are alfo found here, particularly moorftone, which is tiled both in buildings and for millftones, and which, when polilhed, appears fplen- did and beautiful; and in the cavernous parts of the rocks are found tranfparent cryftals, called Cornifh diamonds, which are very brilliant when well poliflted. The number of men, women, and children em- ployed in raifing the tin ore, walking, flamping, and carrying, is ftated by fome to amount to 16,000. The principal ri- vers are the Tamar, Camel, and Fale. As this county was one of the places to which the ancient Britons retreaded, the Gaelic or Celtic language was long retain- ed here, and has become extinft but very lately. Cornnvally Northumberl. near Berwick. Cornnvood, Devonlhire, between Brent and Plymouth. Cornworthy, Devonlhire, be- tween Dartmouth and Torbay. Coro, a town and gulf of Venezuela, Terra Firma. Coromandel, the Coast of, is the eaftern coaft of the peninfula of Hindoo- ftan, extending from Cape Calyinere, in lat. 10. 20. to the mouth of the Kiltnah, in Int. near 60. o. N. On this coaft lie Madras, Pondicherry, Tranquebar, and other European factories, from which chints, calicoes, and mullins, with fome diamonds, are imported into Europe. There is not a port for large veflels on the whole coaft, which is an even, low, and Tandy country; and, about Madras, the land riles fo little, that it is difficult from the lea to mark the diftin&ion between land and water, unlefs by the different ob*. je6ls that are on the Ihore. Coron, anciently Messina, afea-port, with a large harbour, town, and gulf, in the Morea, SW. of Mifitra, in lat. 37. N. Coronery , in Cavan, Differ. Corpujlry, Norfolk, between Alelhanj and Walfingham. Corregio, a town of Modena. Corr ether } Cornwall, S, ofLtlkard. CORREZE, COR COS Correze, a river and town of France, Carton, Dorfetf. between Weymouth and in a department of the fame name. Tulle Dorchefter. Corton, Somerf. nearSherborn. is the coital The river paffes by Tulle, Cortona, a town ofTufcany. Correze, &c. and joins the Vezere, a lit- Carve, a river in Shropfl. ire, which runs tie below Brive. The dept, of Correze into the Teme by Ludlow, has he dept, of Vienne on the NW. and Corunna, a fea-port of Galicia, in the Lot on the S. Spain, at the mouth of the river Groyne* Corr'mgdon . Dorfetf. in Purbeck Me. Lat 43. ig. N. Ion. 8. 16. W. Corringdon Dorfetf. in Cot fcomb parilh. Corringham , Line. NE. of Gainfborough. Corrofm, in Clare, Munfter. Corfcomb, Dorletfhire, 3 miles from Be- minlter. Corfe , 5 miles from Gloucetter. CorJ'e End , Giouc. a hamlet in Hartpury. Ctfty^vz/kte.Northumb.N W.ofBeitingham. Corsham, or Cosham, a town in Wilts, no ed for it’s manufafture of wool- lens. King Ethelred had formerly a pa- lace here, and it was once the chief reli- dence of the earls of Cornwall. It is 4 miles SW. of Chippenham, and n NE. ofEath. Market on Wednefday. Corfham , Wilts, near Devizes. Cor- 'fham Caftle, Shropf. on the river Corve. Corsica, an ifland in the Mediterra- nean, forming a depart, of Fi ance. It is 8S miles in length, and from 20 to 45 in bieadth. The air is falubrious, uniefs in a few places. The land is hilly, and poorly cultivated ; the valleys, however, produce wheat, and the hills yield oranges, olives, figs, vines, almonds, and chefnuts. Here are mines of iron, lead, copper, and alum. They have fpirited horles, and abundance of fifh and coral on. the coaft. Goats and fheep are in great plenty,. Cows and oxen are tolerably large, but lean. Wiid boars are common, as alio foxes j and here is the mouffoli, an animal like a flag in fize and colour, but with the horns of a racn, extremely fhy and nimble. Among the birds are eagles, vultures, tur- tles, wood pigeons, thrufhes, partridges, pheafants, See. The number of inhabit- ants is about 160, 000, Corjley , Wilts, between Warminfier and Beckington. Corsoer, a fea-port, on the W. coaft >f Zealand, in Denmark, with an excellent larbour for fmall veflels. It is 52 miles >W. of Copenhagen. Corf on , Wilts, S. of Malmfbury. C o R t e , an inland town of Corfica, con- ning about 3000 inhabitants. It is 27 ailes SW. of B tftia. Cortemiglia, a town of Montferrat, touted on the river Bormida. Cortington , Wilts, E. of the Deverels. ortington. Suffolk, 3 miles S. of Yar- 'outh. Cortington , Suffolk, NW. of Iendiefham. Cortington Cafile, North- »berl. SW. of Alnwick. Corvey, a town, with a celebrated abbey, and a fmall principality, in Weft- phalia. Cor vo, the fmalleft and moft wefterly of the Azores, about 24 miles in circuit - ference, with a fmall port. It contains about 500 inhabitants, who cultivate wheat and feed hogs. Corvoen, Merionethfhire, N. Wales. Coryvrekan, a dangerous vortex, or whirlpool, on the W. coaft of Scotland, between the Ifle of Scarba and the N. point of Jura. It’s dreadful, unfathoma- ble vortex extends above a mile in circuit, and, at full tides, it’s numerous eddies form watery pyramids, which rife to a great height in the air, and, burfting with the noife of thunder, overwhelm all vef- fels that come within the lphere of it’s at- tra&ion. It is fo called from a young Danifh prince, who perifhed in this place. CORZOLA. SceCuRZOLA. Cojby , Lcdcefterf. near Sutton. CoJby 9 Yorkl. N. Riding. NW. of Cleveland. Cofcombe , Giouc. in Didhrook patifh. Coseir, or Alcossir, a fea-port town of Egypt, on the Red Sea, 100 miles SSE. of Suez. Cosenza, the principal town of Cala- bria Citra, containing 3 parilh churches, and 12 convents. It is 14.5 miles SE. of Naples. Cosford , Warw. N. of Rugby. Cos- ford Grave, Shropf. near Tonge Caftle. Cojgrave, Northamp. near Stony Strat- ford. Cojham , Hants, near Portfmouth. Coslin, a town of Pruflian Pomerania, the feat of a court of juftice, 28 miles NNW. of New Stettin. Cofmore , Dorfetlhire, near Buckland Abbas. Cofmus Blean , Kent, between Beverley Park and Shepherd’s Bufh. Cosne, a town in the dept, of Nievre: anchors for fhips are forged here, and it’s cutlery and gloves are in great repute. It is feared at the confluence of the Loire and Noain, 88 miles SE. of Paris. Alfo a town in the dept, of Allier, leated on the river Allier. Cossacks, a people inhabiting origi- nally the confines of "Poland, Ruffia, Tar- tar y, and Turkey, between the Jaik and the Dneifter. They are divided into le- veral branches, the Kofakki fa Porovi, or N z Coffack* COT Cofftcks on the Borifthenes ; the Kofak- ki D jnfki»,or Coft'acks on the Djn; and the Kofakki Jaiki, which are the wildeft of them all, dwelling in large villages along the banks of the river Ural, or Jaik, and the N. coaft of the Cafpian Sea. They are now entirely fubjeft to Ruflu, and the Ukrain, or country of the CofTacks of Bo- rifthenes, is become a government under the name of Ekaterinofi tv. The CofTacks are large and robuft, have blue eyes, brown hair, and aquiline nofes j the women are complaifant to ftrangers. Their towns are built of wood, like thofe of the Ruf- fians. The Ukraine is one continued, fer- tile plain, producing corn, pulfe, tobacco, and honey. It’s paftures are immenfely rich, and the cattle are the largeft in Eu- rope. Cojfe, Gloucefterf. between Newent and Tewkefburyj near it is CoJJe Court. Cof- fenton, Kent, NW. of Maidftone. Coffey Hally NW. of Norwich. Cossimbazar, a frnall city of Bengal, where different European faftors have con- rtantly refided, it being the centre of their trade. It is feated on an ifland in the ri- ver Hoogly, i io miles N. of Calcutta, and 5 S. of Moorfhedabad. Cojfngton, Leicef. SE. of Mount Sorrel. Costagnazzar, anciently Hemus, a ridge of mountains, in Romania. Costa Rica, a province in the narrow part of Mexico, on the SE. between Ve- ragua and the Mofquito country, extend- ing from fea to tea, 50 leagues in length, and nearly as much in breadth. The foil is ill cultivated, but there is plenty of cattle, hides, honey, and wax. The na- tives live moftly independent of the Spa- niards. Car thage is the capital. Cojllet's Bridge, in Down, Ulfter. Cojlon , Leic. near Buckminfter. Cojlon , Norf. NW. of Windham. Cofion, Wore, near King’s Norton. Cojlon, Shropf, near Didlefbury. Cojlon, Somerf. between Bath and Briftol. Cojlo'uj, or Cojlnuay, a river of Yorkf. which falls into the Derwent. Cof ivyn , Cornwall, N. of Clowant. Cote , Oxfordfhire, SE. of Bampron. Cote d’Or, a department of France, containing part of the late province of Burgundy, and bounded on the N. by the dept, of Aude, and on the W. by the depts. of Nievre and Yonjne. Dijon is the capital. Cote Hill, Cumb. in Wetherall parifti. Cote Houfe , Yorkf. N. of New Malton. Cotes, Line, near S ret ton. Cotes, Yorkf. iz miles from Doncatter. Coles , Leicef. near Loughborough. Cotes , Nottinghatn- /hire, in S. Leverton parifh. COT Cotes du Nord, a dept, of France, fo named from it’s northerly maritime po- fition. It is jormed of part of the ci de« vant Bretagne, and is bounded by the Englifh Channel on the N. and that of Ille and Vilaine on the E. St. Brieux is the capital. Cotefwold Hills, a long tra6l of high ground, in the E. part of Gioucefterfhire, noted for large flocks of flieep, with fleeces of fine, white wool ; a great part of it, how- ever, is now devoted to the growth of corn. Coienjoall Tower, Northumberl. 6 miles NW. of Rothhury. Cotham , Durh. near Yarum. Cotham , Lane, in Amounder- nefs. Cotham, Nott. S. of Newark. Co - tham , Nott. near Cotes. Cotham, Yorkf. E. Riding, near K,ilham. Cotham, E. and W. Yorkf. near the mouth of the Tees. Cotham Abbey , Line. W. of Grimfby. Co- thelejlon , or Cothurjlon , Somerf. between Taunton and Stokegomer. Cotheridge, near Worcefter. Cothy, a river in Carmarthenf. Cothus, or Cotuitz, a town in Lower Lufatia, feated on the river Spree, fubjeft to the king of Pruflia. A great number of French and Bohemian Proteft. ants, driven from their country by perfe- cution, fettled here, and have introduced their manufa£Vures : it is alfo noted fot pitch, flax, and excellent beer. It is 56 miles S. by E. of Berlin. Cotignac, a town in the department of Var, feated on the river Argens. It is noted for it’s fweetmeats. Cotleigh, Devonf. N. of Honiton. Coton , Derbyf. in Lullington parifti. Coton , Suff near Mendleftiam. Coton, 2 miles troir Cambridge. Coton, Warw. near Rugby Cottel End, Staff, in Sedgeley parifh. Cot tel Hall, Line. SW. of Burton. Cotten. barn, 6 miles from Cambridge. Cotterhorough , in Cork, Mu'nfter. Cottered, Herts, ftands on a hill, W. o Buntingford. Cotterjlock , Northamp. N of Oundle. Cottejbicb, Leicef. near Lut- terworth. Cottejbrook, Northamp. S. 0 Nafeby. Cottesjlai , Weltm. N. of Run thwait. Cottesford, Oxf. E. of Dedding ton. Cottefmore, Rutl. near S amford Cottingham, Yorkf. NW. of Hull. Cotting ham, Northamp. W. of Rockingham Fo reft. Cottingley , Yorkf. N. of Bradford Cottingnvith, E. and IV . on each fide o the Derwent, 7 miles from York. Cotton Staff. N. ofRugeley. Cotton, Chtfh. E of Middlewicii. Cotton, Leicef. W. o Market Bofworth. Cotton, Norf. betweei Norwich and Derehani. Cotton, Shropi near Hodnet. Cotton, Shropf. between Slirewfbtiry and Ofwettry. Cotton, Sut folk, near Finningham. Cotton End , W C O V of Northampton. Cotwalton> Staffordlh. near Stone. Covard, a town of Gloucefterfhire, 20 miles from Glouccfter, on the road to St. David’s, and 124. from London. Mar- ket on Tuefday. Couch Hilly Oxfordf. near Banbury. Couco, a mountainous, but fertile, country of Algiers, governed by an inde- pendent chief. It is fituated between Al- giers and Boujeiah. Coucy, a town in the dept, of Aifne, /ituated on t Warwickf. N. of Coventry. Counjbury , Devonf. W. of Port lock. Count ijiherp, between Leicefter and Lutterworth. Covorden, a flrong city, the capital of Drent, in OveryflU. Lat. 52. 43. N. Ion. 6. 1 1 . E. Courland, Duch^ of, is bounded on the N. by the Gulf of Riga and part of Livonia; on the W. by the Baltic; and on the E. and S. by Ruflia and Poland. It is divided into Courland Proper and Se- migallia, and is 250 miles long and 40 broad. The country fwells into gentle hills, and is fertile in com, hemp, and flax. It is moftly open ; but in fome parts cover- ed with fore Its of pine and fir, and groves of oak, with much underwood. The' woods abound with bears, wolves, and elks. The villages are neat, and the inns have good accommodations. The religion is chiefly Lutheran. Mutau is the capi- tal. This country is now a province of Ruflia. Courjborn, Kent, in Cranbrook parifh. Court , Cornwall, E. of Grampound. N 3 Court cow Court and Coragkeen , in Limerick, Munfter. Court Ferry, 6 miles from Li- merick and ioo from Dublin. Courtenhally S. of Northampton. Court- field , Wilts, near Weftbury. Court Lodge , K>nt, SW. of Rochelter. Court Mac Sherry , in Cork, Munfter, near a bay that affords great plenty and variety of fifh. Courtray, or Cortryck, a ftrong town, in the dept, of the North, feated on the river Lys, 12 miles nearly E. of Ypres. It is noted for it’s manufactures of woollen cloths, diaper and damalk table linen. Coutances, an ancient town, in the dept, of the Channel, with manufactures of woollen and linen. The inhabitants are about 5000. It is fituated about 6 miles from the fea-coaft, 20 miles nearly N. of Avranches. Couthorpe , Line. 2 miles S. of Louth. Coutras, a large town in the dept, of Gironde, fituated at the confluence of the rivers I lie and Dronne, 20 miles NE. of Bourdeaux. Cowarn, Great and Little , Herefcrdfh. SW. of Bromyard. Cowbach , or Colbach , Shropftiire, near Bilhop’s Caftle. Cow- berley , Gloucefterlhire, SE. of Cheltenham. Cowbet , Lincoln!, near Spalding. Cow- born, Ycrkf. SE. of Richmond. Cowbridge, a town of Glamorgan- /hire, with broad, paved ftreets, where the Eafter quarter-feflions for the county are held. It Hands low, in a fertile foil, near the fea, 12 miles W. of Cardiff, and 176 of London. A well fupplied market on Tuefday. Cowcamb, Gloucef. in Hampton parifli. Cowdale, Derby f. in the High Peak. Cow- den, Kent, SW. of Penffurft. Cowden, Doric tf. N. of Charminfter. Cowdhanty Kent, between Wefterham and Paul’s Cray. Cowding , Suffex, on the coaft, near Pevenfey. Cowdridge, Hants, SW. of Bifhop’s Waltham. Cowdry, Sullex, near Midhurft. Cowen , a river in Carmarthen!. Cowes, East and West, a fea-port on the N. coaft of the Ifle of Wight, di- vided by the river Meden, or Medina. It is a place of good trade, reforted to by merchant fhips, waiting for convoy, paf- fage-boats to and from Portlmouth, Southampton, & c. and the ftation of the packet, with the mail from the ifland to London. It is 8 miles SW. of Portf- mouth. Cowey Stakes , Surry, near Lalam, the place whereJuliusCaefar paffed theThames, though the Britons had planted ftakes to hinder it, both on the bank and ford. C R A Cowford, Suffex, between Horftiam and Woodmancoat. Cowgarth , Weftmorl. near Winandermere, an old feat, with an- cient trees about it, the boughs of one of which fp read out to iuch n exft-nt, that feveral hundreds of perfons might find fhelter under it. Cowgro'ue D iletftme, near Kingfton Hall. Cowhill, or Cowell, Gloucef. in Thornbury panlh. Cowboufe , Yorki' W. Riding, near Ramfgill. Cow Honiborn, Gloucef. 4 dies frcmEvelham. Cowick , Yorkf. W. R.ding, neat Sna th. Cowick , D. vonfliit e- 1 mile from Exeter. Cowley, Derby!, in Scarfdale. Cowley, Gloucefterf. NE. 'ff Berkeley. Cowley, Gljucefter!. near Birdlip Hills. Cowley, Middl. SE. of Uxbridge. Cowley, Heref. on rhe borders or Wmcefterl. Cowley, Staftvrdfh. NW. of Penkrtdge. Cowley, Worcei. N. of Malvern Chale. Cowley, Yurkfhire. W. Riding, near Thort ciiff. Cowley, Devon!', near Exeter. Cowlin Deans , and Rogers, Gloucef. both near Northleach. Cowley < Te??iple, Oxlordfh. Cowling , Kent, SE. of Cliff, below Graveiend. Cowling. Suff Ik, 6 miles SE. of Newmarket. Cowlinghead, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Bedal. Cowl/born, Gloucel’. near Chedwonh. Cowlne, St. Edwin s, Gloucefterlhire. N. of Fairfoid. Cowlow, Derbylh. in the High Peak. Cowplandbeck-brig, Weftmorl. between Stand ford Moor and Ormlide Hall. Cow- plin, Northumb. near Lmgton. Cowpon , Northumb. between Ncwcaftle and New- biggin. Cowpon , Durham, near Holm. Cowsfield, Wilts, between Downeton and Stockbridge. Cowjhill, Norfolk, near Ba- conthorp. Cowtborp, Oxf. near Banbury. Cowthorpe, Yorkf. NW. of Barnefley. Cowton Long , N . and S. Yorkf. NW. of Northalleiton. Coxall, Heref. near Lan- terdine. Coxden , Dorfetf. N. of Axmin- fter. Coxheatk , Kent, S. of Maidftone. Coxwell, Great and Little, Beiks, SW. of Farringdon. Coxwold, Yorkf, SE. of Thirlk. Coyd Kernew, Monmouthf. SW. of Newport Haven. Coyty, Glamorganlhire, ne^r Aberavon. Cozumel, an ifland of Mexico, neaf the E. coaft of Yucatan, inhabited by the original natives. It is 40 miles long, and from 3 to 12 wide, and abounds with fruits, pulfe, cattle, and fowls. Lat. 19. 40. N. Crabbet , Suff. 3 miles W. of E. Grin- ftead. Crab Hall, N W. of Chefter. Cracatoa, the fouthernmoft of a groupe of illands in the entrance of the Straits of Sunda, about 9 miles in cir- cumference. In the inland parts the ground C R A ground is elevated, riling, of) all fides, gradually from the lea. It is entirely co- vered with trees, except a few fpots, which the natives have cleared for rice-fields. It’s coral reefs afford fmall turtle in abun- dance, but other refrelhments are r:e„ It is thinly inhabited. It’s water is ex- cellent, but not plentiful, and on the S. end is a remarkably high, peaked hill. Lat. g. 6. S. Ion. 105. 36. E. Crackford , Lancalh. between Cartmel and Ulverfton. CrackingHn, Cornwall, N. of Orterham. Cracow, formerly the capital of Po- land, and now capital of a palatinate of the fame name, is lituated on the Viftula, which is here broad and lhallow. The city and fuburbs occupy a vaft tra6l of ground, yet contain fcarctly 16,000 inha- bitants. The great fquare is fpacious and well built j the houfes were once richly furnilhed and well inhabited, but are now either untenanted, or in a Hate of decay. Many of the ftreets are lpaciousand hand- fome; but almoft every building bears ftriking marks of ruined grandeurs The regalia were preferved here, and in the ca- thedral moft of the fovereigns of Poland have been interred. They were alfo crowned here for nearly five centuries. It has a univerfity, now much decayed, and is 1 30 miles SSW. of Warfaw. Lat. 50. 8. N. Ion. 20. 16. E. Cradendine , Camb. 1 mile from Ely. Cradley , Herefordf. between Afton Beau- champ and Cowley. Cradley , Shropfb. and paitly in Worcef. near Hales Owen. Cragb-well Bridge , in Galway, Con- naught. Craigbally , in Antrim, Ulfter. Craigtovon, in Tyione, Ulfter. Crail, a town and parifh in Fifefhire, 8 miles SE. of St. Andrews. Cr a inburg, a town and mountain of Carniola, fituated on the Save. Craijier , Norrhumb. S. of Dunftaburgh Callle. Crake , Yorkf. near Northallerton. Crake Hall, Yorkf. near Bedal. Crake- merjli , Staff. Crakenthorp, Wcftm. near Appleby. Crakovo , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Settle. Craline , Northumb. Cram- bin, between York and New Malton. Crambourn, Hants, near Sutton. Cram- lington, Northumberland. Crammond Water. or the Almonte, a river of Edinburghfhire. It’s fertile banks are adorned with villages and coun- try feats. Crammond is a parifh in the counties of Edinburgh and Linlithgow, with a very extenfive iron manufa&ure. Cranage, Chefhire, near Brereton. *Cranbourn, a town of Dorfetlhire, C R 'A well watered with ftreams. In the chafe-, which is fo by prefeription, having never been a foreft, there are 6 lodges, and for- merly were 8: it extends almoft to Salis- bury. It is 38 miles NE. of Dorchefter, and 94. SW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Cranbourn Lodge , a large, well-built houle, with an extenfive, beautiful pro- fpeft, 1 mile from Wind for. *Cranbrook, a large town in Kent, 13 rr.'lesSE. o; Maldftone, and 50 SE. of Lpndon. Market on Saturday. Crandon, Long , Bucks, on the Tam^, Cranenburg, a town of Cleves. Cranesford, Stiff, near Framlingham. Cranejley , Nqrthamp. SW. of Kettering. Cranejlreet , Hunting, near Hitchinbrook. Cranjield , Bedfi 6 miles NW. of Ampt- hill. Cranford, Dorfetf. between Win- bom Minfter and Blandford. Cranford % Northamp. between Kettering and Thrap- fton. Cranforth , near Lancalter. Cranganore, a town of Cochin, on the coaft of Malabar, with an irregular fortfefs built by the Portugueie. It was lately fubject to the Dutch, and is 24 miles N. by W. of Cochin. Lat. 10. 23. N. Ion. 75. 58. E. Cranbam, near Gloucefter. Cranbam Hall , Effex, near Hornchurch. Cranbill , Berks, near Chidley. Cranley, Surry, 8 miles from Dorking. Cranmer , Somerf. near Whatley. Crannovj, Leic. 2 miles NE. of Harborough. Cranviick, Norf. between Brandon Ferry and Swaffham. Cranvjorth, Norf. 2 miles W. of Hing- ham. Crafthole, or Craftfhole , Cornwall, between Milbrooke and Lowe. Crafwell , Herefordfhire, near Haw. Cratelonv , in Clare, Munfter. Cratficld . Suffolk, near Halefworth. Crathorn, Yorkfldre, near Yarum. Crato, a town in Portuguese Eftrama- dura, ro miles W. of Portalegre. Craven, Yorkf. a ftony tract, about the fource of the river Are. Craven, feme hills in the N. of StafFordfhire. Craven Hill, Middl. W. of Paddington. Cravo- crack, Durh. between Bywell Caftle and Newcaftle. Cravodundale Waitb, Weftm. near Whelp Caftle. Cravoburfl , Suffex, NW. of Haftings. Cravjle, Sufi'. W. of Penfliurft. Cravjley , Bedf. N. of Woburn. Cravoley, Hants, near Stockbridge. Craw. ley, Suffex, 6 miles E. by N. of Horfham. Cravoley % or Craglovu, a river in Derby f. Cravjfion, Leic. W. of K-ilaton. Cravo- fon, Northumb. NE. of Alnwick., Cray, a river in Brecknockf. Cray, a river in Kent, which falls into the Darent below Dartford. Cray ford, bas a market on N 4 Tuefday; C R E Tuefday ; Cray, Foot's * Cray, St. Mary's , has a market on Wednel'day ; Cray. North , and Cray , Paul's, Kent ; places all on or near the river Cray, or Crouch. Creack , York!'. N. Riding, in the Foreft of Galtres, Creack, N. and S. Norf. Cream Hall , Middl. near Ittington. Crecomb , Devon!', between Bampton and Chimlcigh. Crecy, or Crecy en Ponthieu, a village in the dept, of Somme, famous for a great viftory obtained over the French, by Edward III. Auguft 26th, 1346, wherein the latter were defeated with great (laughter, 30,000 foot being left dead in the field, be Tides the horfe ; among whom were the King of Bohemia, the Count of Flanders, 8 other fovereign princes, 80 bannerets, 1200 knights, 1 500 gentlemen, 4000 men at arms, with the Duke of Alen$on, and other great men, the flower of the French nobility. The Englifh ar- my was drawn up in 3 lines; the firft con fitted of 800 men at arms, 4000 Englifh archers, and 600 Welfli foot, commanded by Edward prince, of Wales, a flitted by the earls of Warwick, Oxford, See. The iecond line, compofed of 800 men at arms, 4000 halberdiers, and 2400 archers, was led by the earls of Arundel and Northamp- ton. The third line, or body of referve, in which were 700 men at arms, 5300 bilmen, and 6000 archers, was ranged along the fumrnit of a hill, and conduced by the king in perfon, attended by the lords Mowbray, Mortimer, and others. The army of the French confifted of more than 120,000 men. Crecy is about 10 miles N. of Abbeville. Crecy, a town in the dept, of the Seine and Marne, 8 miles S. of Meaux. Crecy sur Serre, a town in the dept, of the Aifne, 8 miles N. of Laon. Credal , Dorietfli. near Alderfhot. Credan Head and Bay, at the mouth of Waterford Harbour, Munfter. Credenhill , Heref. 1 mile from Ken- chefter. Creddy , a river in Devonfhire, falling into the Ex near Exeter. Crediton, or Kirton, a town in Devonfhire, with a conflderable manufac- ture of ferges ; formerly the fee of a bi- (hop, removed to Exeter, in 1050. The cathedral, a magnificent ttruefure, 2co feet in length, is ftiil {landing. It is feated between two hills, on the river Creddy, 9 miles NW. of Exeter, and 181 W. by N. of London. Market on Sat. Creech , and IV. Grange and Barrow, Dorfetfhire, in Purbeck Ifle. Creech, St. Michael's , Somerfetf. NE. of Taunton. Creed , Cornwall, SW. of Grampound. Greedy ) Devonfhire, M. of Crediton. C R E Creely , in Tyrone, Ulfter. Creetown, a fea-port of Kirkcudbright- (hire, on the E. fide of Wigtown Bay. Creggs, in Galway, Connaught. Cre - gan , in King's County, Leiniter. Creiff, a town of Perthfhire, feated on the river Earn, 20 miles W. of Perth. It’s annual fair for cattle is one of the greateft in Scotland. Creil, a town in the dept, of Oife, feated on the river Oife, 6 miles NW. of Senlis : and a. town in the dept, of La Vendee. Creilege , Nott. near Rufford. Creket- way, Dorfetf. N. of Weymouth. Crema, the capital of Cremafco, a fmall, but fertile, territory of Venice, in- fulated in the Milanefe. It is well-built, populous, and commercial. Lat. 45. 25. N. Ion. 9. 50. E. Cremieu, a town in the dept, oflfere, 18 miles E. of Lyons, and 1 from the Rhone. Cremnitz, a town in Upper Hungary, famous for it’s iilver mines. It is 56 miles N. of Gran. Cremona, the capital of the Cremo- nefe, a territory of Milan, having Mantua on the E. and the Breflan on the N. The principal llreets are broad and ftraight, and there are fome fmall fquares. The country about it is fertile, producing wine, fruits, honey, flax, See. Here is a univerfity, of no great celebrity. It is feated on the Oglio, near the Po, 30 miles NW. of Parma. C rem pe, a town of Holftein, 4 miles N. of Giuckftadt. Crescentino, a town of the Vercel- lois, Piedmont, fituated on the Po. It is 20 miles NE. of Turin. Crefdenffiox\e\. 1 1 miles from Doncafter. Crespy, a town in the dept, of Oife, 12 miles S. of Compeigne. CreJJdll , EfiTex, 3 miles W. of Waldren. Creffedge , Shropf. SW. of W rekin Hill. Crejfing, Efl'ex, near Braintree. Crejjing- ham , Lane, in Loynfdale. Creffingham , Great and. Little, Norf. 3 miles from Wat- ton. Creffingham Temple, Eflex, near the White and Black Motleys. Crefslow , Bucks, in the Vale of Aylefbury. Crefs- t weU, 'Stafford!'. in Sandon manor. Cressy. See Crecy. Crest, a town in the dept, of Drome, fituated on the river Drome, 1 5 miles SE. of Valence; alfo a town in the dept, of Puy.de Dome. Crefwell, Derbyf. near Holbeck. Cre- tingham, Suffolk. SE. of Debenham. Cre- tings , Suffolk, SE. of Stow. Cretingjhury , Hunt. nearGteat and Little Stoughton. Creton , C: R I Cretan ^ Lincoln!', near Bit ham. Cretan , 5 miles from Northampton. Crevecoeur, a town in the dept, of the North, feated on the Scheldt, 5 miles S. of Cambray ; alio a town in t 1 e dept, of Calvados ; and a town and f'ortrefs of Holland, fituated at the conflux of the Hommel and the Mettle. Creuse, a department of France, fo named, from a river which rifes about 8 miles S. of Felletin, erodes the depts. of C re ul'e and Indie, feparates the depts. of Indre and Loire, and of Vienne, and falls into the river Vienne, about 5 miles E. of La Have. Gueret is the capital. Creutzberg, a town of Hefle Horn- berg, Upper Rhine; a town of Brieg, Si- lefta ; a town of Natangen, Pruffia; and a town of Eifenach, Upper Saxony. CreutznacHj a town of Sponheim, in the palatinate, circle of Upper Rhine, fituated on the Nahe. The ancient kings of the Franks had a palace here. It is 6 miles S. of Bingen, and 30 WNW. of Worms. Crew, Chefhire, on the river Walwan. Crew , C.hclh. on the Dee, NW. of Mal- pas. Crenvenbale , Warw. near Henley. *Crewkerne, a town of Somerfet- Ihire, containing about 3000 inhabitants. Here are fome manufactures of dowlas, fail-cloth, gut-vreb, and ltockings. It is feated on a branch of the Parret, on the confines of Dorfctfhire, 132 miles W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Crick, Derby fit. between Alireton and Wirklworth. Crickill, SorperU.S W. of Frome Selwood. Crickill More, arvvCrirb- ill. Great , Dorfetfh. near Wichampton. Crickill , Long , Dorfetf. near Morechuich. Crickill, Little, Dorfetf. near St. Giles’s Winborn. Crick , Monm. SW. of Chep- ftow. Crick, Northamp. SE. of Daven- try. Cricket, Shropf. SW. of Ellefmere. Cricket Malherb, Someri. near Uminfter. .Cricket “Thomas, Somerf. E. of Citard. Crickhowel, a town of Brecknock- shire, much retorted to by invalids, for the purpofe ofdrinking goats' milk and whey. Here are the ruins of a caltle, which ap- pears to have been formerly a place of confiderable ftrength. It is feated on the river Ufk, 13 miles E. by S. of Breck- nock. Market on Thurfday. Cricklade, a town of Wilts, con- taining about 250 houfes. It is feated on the Thames, (and the Thames and Severn Canal now comes up to the town,) 25 miles SW. of Oxford, and 83 W. of Lon- don. Market «n Saturday. Crickley, near Gloucefter. Cricklieth, a decayed town of Car- C R O narvonfhire, 21 miles S. of Carnarvon. Near ir are the remains of a very ftrong caltle. Market on Wednelchy. Crickfey, Efi'ex, near Walfleet. Grig- mere , Cornw. NW. of Padftow. Crnnble' Pajfage, is the ferry, for man and horfe, over the lower part of the Hamoaze, from Dcvonfiiire into Cornwall. Crimea, or Crim Tartary, apenin- fiila of Afia, bounded on the N. by part of thediftnft of Taurida, (a divfion of the Ruffian government of^Ekaterinouav,) and on the other parts by the Black Sea and tfie Sea of Afoph. It is divided into t wo paits by mountains which run E. and W. The N. uivifion is fit for paflurage only ; in the S. part the valleys are remarkably fer- tile, and the climate extremely mild. The lower hills, extending from Theodofia to the E. extremity of the country, are prin- cipally ufed in gardening, and produce ex- cellent fruit. The Tartar inhabitants are eftimated at 70,000. Achmetfted was made the capital in 1785. Bciides the ports of Keith and Jenikale, the road of Cafi'a, and the harbour of B duclava, t here is, near Sebaftapol, one of the molt capa- cious and fecuie harbours in the world. This country is in fome maps called Tau- rica, from it’s having been the ancient Taurica Cherfonefus. Crimflejham , Noil. E. of Downham. Cringleford , near Norwich. Cripton , Dor- fetf. near Came, E. of Monktou. Crifsle- tor , and Crif. deton Row, near Cm- iter. CriJJingbam Magna , Ncrf. 5 miles S. of Swaffham. Cjgxhall, Kent, near Wing- ham. Croagh Burgefs, in Limerick, Manlier. Crough Patrick, a high mountain in Mayo, Connaught. Croatia, a country of Europe, bound- ed on the N. by Hungary ; on the E. and SE. by Hungary and Sclavonia ; on the S. by Sclavonia and Bofnia ; and on the W. by Momchia. The Aultrian Croatia is about 130 miles in length, and from 40 to 60 in breadth. Turkifh Croatia is about 40 miles long and 20 wide. In the middle ages .they had kings of their own; but in the nth century, Croatia and Dal- matia devolved to the king of Hungary* Crocadon, Cornw. N of Trematon Cafi. tie. Crock, a river neat Ciiefter. Croc- kern Tor, Devon!', a hill in Dartmore Foreft, where is held a court of lfanneries. Crocker's Moor, Dorletf. in Corlcomh pa- nto. Crockerton , Wilts, near Warmin- fter. Crockbam Bear, Somerf. near Curry Mallet. Crockbam Pill, Somerfctf. on the Avon, below Bnltol. Crockbam Studlcy , Somerfetf. near Stokegomvr. Crocklejord , Effix, CRO Eflex, near Colchefter. Crocklow . North- umberl. E. of Woller. Croc kf don Abbey , Staff. NW. of Uttoxeter. Crockfed, Su(f. near Waldern. Crockway , Dorfetf. in the parifh of Maiden Newton. Croft Caflle , Heref. NW. of Leominfter. Croft , Ltic. E. of Hinckley. Crofton , Cumb. S. of Orton. Crofton, Lancaf. below Bifpham. Crofton , Shropf. S. of Didlcfbury. Cro/'- Hants, SW. of Fareham. Croftony Yorkf. near Wakefield. Crofton Hackety Wore, near King’s Norton. Crofton , St, §ufr. SE. of Flixton. Croghan y in Rofcommon, Connaught, Crogliny Cumb. E. of Armanthwait. Croja, a town of Albania, anciently the capital and refidence of the Albanian kings. It was uled by the famous Scan- derburg as a fortrefs and place of arms, from whence he continually haraffed the Turks} but when the latter became ma- ilers of Albania, they dellroyed the fortifi- cations. Croke, Weftmorland, W. of Kendal. Croke , Yorkf. near Richmond. Croke Dale . Cumb. near Wiglon. Croke Hally near Durham, on the Wear. Crokenwell, Devonf. N. of Teignton. Crokham, Hants, NE. of Odiham. Cromack Water, a romantic lakeof of Cumb. on the Cocker, between Butter- mere and Lowes Water. It is 4 miles in length, nearly half a mile in breadth, in fome places very deep, and contains 3 lit- tle iflands, one of which is a rock. Cromal AbbolSy Gloucef. near A&on. Cromal Ligons, Gloucef. between Glou- cefter and Briftol. Cromarty, a tolerably fertile, and, of late years, well-cultivated county of Scotland, comprehending part of a penin- iula, on the fouth coaft bf the Frith, to which it gives name. On the S. and W. it is bounded by Rofsfhire} and on theE. by the Frith of Murray. It is 12 miles long from E. to W. and about 3 miles in it’s greateft breadth. It’s capital, Cromarty, has a manufacture of hempen cloth, which employs about 200 perfons, and a confiderable coafting trade in corn, thread, yarn, fifh, and (kins. It is fituated at or near the entrance of the Frith of Cromarty, the moft fafe, exten- five, and commodious bay, or harbour, of Scotland, and one of the fined in Europe, or the world. This truly excellent, but much neglected harbour, the Portus Salu- tis of the Romans, is about 22 miles in length, and, in fome parts, 4 in breadth : the entrance is narrow and bold, being formed by two huge, lofty rocks, which project into thefea till they approach with*. CRO in a mile of each other, and, therefore, de- fend this fine bay completely from winds and dorms. Thefe rocky promontories, or idands, thus approaching each other, and having, alfo, a limilar appearance, are called by the natives, "the Sootors of Cro- marty , which, in the Scottifh language, means wooers, or lovers. Such, in fa< 5 l, is the vad extent of fea-room in this bay, and fuch it’s length, depth, and breadth, that almod the whole Britidi navy might ride with fafety within it ; and the date of the (hore, or anchorage ground, on both fides, for feveral miles up, is fo favourable and fmooth, that were a veflel driven from her cables and cad afhore, there would b» little or no damage incurred.. In violent eaderly winds, when no vedel can venture to look into any port of the E, coaft of Scot- land, from the Frith of Forth northwards, all vefiels, thus fituated, flock into this bay. It will appear of dill greater importance, when it is known, that from Wick, in Caithnefs, to this frith, a diftance of 60 miles, the (bore is bold, rocky, and utter- ly unadmiflible to fea-vefiels of any fize, the waters of Dornoch excepted j which, however, are of no great utility to naviga- tion, by reafon of (hallows and quickfands, Crome AbbitotSy Crome Earls, and Crome Hilly between Worcefter and Upton. Cro- mer , Herts, 3 miles W. of Buntingford. Cromer, a town of Norfolk, on the fea-coaft, chiefly inhabited by fifliermen. It was once much larger, but a confidera- ble part of it has been gradually fwallow- ed up by the fea. Market on Saturday, Cromford , 14 miles NNW. of Derby, on the Derwent ; here is an extenfive cot- ton manufactory, eftablilhed by the lat® Sir R. Arkwright. Cromhally Glonc. 7 miles from Berkeley. Cromijh Gijfard, Oxf. near Wallingford. Cromijh Batter- ley, Oxf. NE. of Cromifh Giffard. Crtrmlin , 3 miles SW. of Dublin. Cronach, a town of Bamberg, Fran- conia. Cronborg, a fortrefs of Zealand, fitu- ated on a point of land, on the W. coaft of the Sound, a little E. of Elfinore, and op- pofite to Helfingborg, in Sweden. The lat6 unfortunate Queen Matilda was im- prifoned here, before Ihe was removed to Zell. Adjoining to a palace, about half a mile from Cronborg, is a garden, called Hamlet’s Gardens, fuppoied to be the fpot where the murder of that king was committed. Cronebane , a rich copper mine, near Arklow, in Wicklow, Leinfter. Cronenburg, a town of Blanken- heim, Treve». CrongfcNt C R O Crongfion, Deibyf. SW. of Bakewell. Cronk Hilly Shropf. NE. of Church Stret- ton. Cronkley , Nos thumb, near Ebchefter. Cronron. t>. in Wicklow, Leinfter. Cronstadt, a town and fortrefs of Ruflia, fituated on the Ifland of Retulari, on the E. of the Gulf of Finland, iz miles W. of Peterfburg. It’s harbour is the ilation of the Ruflian fleet, having great magazines of naval llores, and numerous docks and yards for building and careen- ing {hips of the line. It was founded by Peter I. improved by his daughter Eliza- beth, and completed by the late emprefs. The number of inhabitants is about 6000. Lat. 59. 58. N. Ion. 29. 56. E. Cronstat, or Brassau, a town of Tranfylvania, near the borders of Walla- chi a. Crookbam Hill, Yorkf. near Doncafter. Crookhaven, a fea-port of Cork, Munfter, 2 leagues NW. of Cape Clear. Crookfon, Higher and Lower, Dorfetf. 1 mile S. of Maiden Norton. Crook's "Town, in Cork, Munfter. Croome , Yorkf. between Kilham and New Malton. Crophill, or Cropwell Bi/hop , and Crogwell Butler, Nott. between Bing- ham and Stanton. Cropredy, Oxf. 3 miles N. of Banbury on the Cherwell. Cropjlon , Leic. SW. of Mountl'orrel. Croptborn , Wore, between Perlhore and Evefham. Cropton, Yorkf. N. Riding, NE. of Kirk- by Morefide. Crojby, Great and Little , Lane, near Liverpool. Crojby , Cumb. be- tween . Workington and Solway Frith. Crujby , Cumb. SW, of Brampton. Crojby , Line. SW. of Burton Stather. Crojby Garret , Weftmorl. W. of Kirkby Steven. Crojby Ravenfwortb , Weftrn. SE. of Shap. Croscomb, a town of Somerl'etfhire, near Wells ; fome cloth is made here, but the chief manufa&ure is that of ftockings.. Market on Tuefday. Crofcrake , Weftmorl. E. of Can river, below Kendal. Crofenfide,. Northumb. S. of Otterburn. Crojhall, Lane, near Ormf- kirk. Crojland , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Aldmondbury. Crofmere, Shropf. NW. of Wem. Crofs , in Armagh, Ulfter. Crofs , in Cavan, Ulfter. Crofs , St. Hants, near Winchefter, a rich iiofpital for decayed gentlemen. Crofs a Keel, in Meath, Leinfter, 54 miles from Dublin. Crofs Brook , Herts, near Waltham Crofs. Crofsdony , in Cavan, Ulfter. Crojfeley, Herts, near Cafhiobury. Crossen, a town and duchy of the New Marche, Brandenburg, fituated on th* Oder, c r o Crofs Fells, a ridge of mountains in the E. of Cumberland. Crofs Ferry , in Derry, Ulfter, 119 miles from Dublin. Crofs Haven, a creek on the W. fide of Cork Harbour. Crofs If and, one of the Copland Hies. Crofs Keys t in Kildare, Leinfter. 10 miles from Dublin. Crofs Keys , in Meath, Leinfter, 37 miles from Dublin. Crofsmolyna, in Mayo, Connaught. Crofs Roads, in Carlow, Leinfter. Crofs Roads, in Cavan, Ulfter, 50 miles from Dublin. Crofs Roads , in Cavan, Uilter, near Florence Court. Crofs Roads , in Monaghan, Ulfter. Crofs Roads , in Down, Ulfter. Crofiermond, Weftmorl. S. of Penrith, near Ulles Water. Croflhwate, Weftmorl. NW. of Kendal. Cr of wick, Norf. E. of N. Walfham. Cr of waite, Cumb. the pa- rifh wherein Kefwick (lands. Crotona, a town in Calabria Ultra. Crotoy, Le, a decayed fea-port in the dept, of the Somme, ieated on the river Somme, 10 miles NW. of Abbeville. Crouch Bay, Eftfex, near Wajfleet, famous for it’s oyfters. It contains four little iflands. Crougbton, Chelh. on the canal between the Dee and Merfey. Crougbton, North- amp. NW. of Brackley. Crowan, Cornw. 3 miles N. of- Helfton. Crowch field, Herts, N. of Hemel Hempfted. Crowd Hill, Hants, W. of Bifliop’s Waltham. Crowdon , Camb. E. of the Hatleys. Crowel, Oxf. .2 miles NW. of Stoken- church. Crowfield , SufF. NW. of Ipf- wich. Crowborough , Sulfex. Crow comb 9 Somerf. 8 miles N. of Taunton. Crow - herfl , Suftex, near Battel. CrovvlAnd, a town of Lincolnfhne, in the Fens, approachable only by narrow caufeways. It has 3 llreets, leparated from each other by water courfes, whole banks are fupported by piles, and let with willow trees. The chief trade is in fiih and wild fowl, which are in great plenty in the adjacent pools and marfhes. It was formerly celebrated for it’s abbey of black monks, a noble ftrufture, founded by Ethelbald, king of Mercia, of which no- thing now remains except the N. aifle, which is ufed as the parifti church. It is feated in an ifiand of the fame name, (call- ed Crowland, from it’s foil, cruda terra , which fignifies raw, or muddy, land) 11 miles N. of Peterborough, and 93 N. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Crowle, Line, in the Ifle of Axhoim. Crowle, 4 miles E. of Worcefter. Crow- ley, Bucks, NE. of Newport. Crown Key, Kent, near Sittingbourn. Crows Hall , Suffolk, I mile SE, of Debenham. Crows CUB Cronus Nejl , near Worcefter. Cronvn- thorpe , Norf. near Wymondham. Cronu- ton , Chelh. W. of Northwich. Croxby , Lincolnf. near Thongcafter. Croxdale, Du rli. on the Wear, oppofite Brani'peth. Croxhall , Derbyf. 7 miles from Lichfield. Croxjlon, Hants, W. of Whitchurch. Croxtath, Lane. N. of Liverpool. Crox- ton, Norf, near The t ford. Croxton , Norf. SE. of Walfinghain. Croxton , Camb. 2 miles E. of St. Neot’s. Croxton, Cbefh. N. of Middlewich. Croxton, Line. NE. of Glandford Bridge. Croxton Abbey , Staff, near Checkley. Croxton Kyriel , Leicef. NE. of Saitby. Croxton South , Line. SW. of Afhby Folville. *Croydon, a town in Surry, the ma- nor of which has belonged, ever fince the conqueft, to the archbifhops of Canterbury, who had a venerable palace here, fince the year 1278, alienated and fold by authority of parliament, in 1780 ; and now, or late- ly, employed for a cotton manufa&ure. A new one, alfo, is to be built, in a more healthy fituation, at Park Hill Farm, about half a mile from Croydon. It is fituated near the fource of the Wandel, 9 miles S. of London. Market on Satur- day, chiefly for corn, oats, and oatmeal. It’s fecond fair, Sept. 21, is much fre- quented by young perfons of both fexes from London, for walnuts. CROYLAND. SeeCROWLAND. Cruch End , Midd. between Highgate and Hornfey. Cruckbarronu Hill , a mile from Worcefter. Cruck Mele and Cr nek- ton, Shropf. SW. of Shrewfbury. Crud- nuell, Wilts, W. oi Cticklade. Crumlin, in Antrim, Ulfter. Crumfall, Lane, near Chetham. Cruvt- nvell, Nott. N. of Newark. Crumnvell , York!'. E. of Halifax. Crumnvell, Devon!', near Plymouth. Crundel, Kent, near Wye. Crundel Hants, E. of Odibam. Crujheen, in Clare, Munlter. Crutum, Northumb. in Woller lordfhip. Crunvy's More hard, Devon f. W. of Ti- verton. Cruxhaven. See Cuxhaven. Cryde, Devonf. between St. Ann’s Cha- pel and Ilfracomb. Cryfield , Warw. in Stonely parifli. Cuba, or Alcuea, a town in Alen- tejo. Cuba, a Weft India ifland, near the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico, about 700 miles in length, and 70 in it’s mean breadth, lubjeft to the Spaniards. Round the coaft are many convenient harbours; and feveral forts of mines among the moun- tains. Here are large foretts abounding with game, and extenfive paftures, which CUE feed large flocks and herds of horned cat- tle, ftieep, and hogs, originally brought from Europe, and which now run wild. The hills run through the ifiand from E. to W. and from thefe fall many rivulets, which run to the N. and S. The land is generally level near the coaft. The pro- duce is that of fugar-canes, ginger, long pepper, caffia, wild cinnamon, excellent tobacco, called by the Spaniards cigarros, aloes, maftic, cafiia fiftula, manioc, maize, cocoa, and fome coffee. Here are cedar trees fo large, that canoes made of them will hold 50 men; alfo oaks, firs, palms, cotton trees, ebony, and mahogany. Ha- vannah is the capital, where the galleons rendezvous that return annually to Spain. Cubagua, a fmall ifiand near the coaft of Cumana, Terra Firma, between the Ifland of Margaritta and the continent. Cuban, a river of Ruffian Tartary, which rifes in Mount Caucafus, and run- ning NW. empties itfelf, by two mouths, into the Sea of Afoph and the Black Sea. Cuban, or Cuban Tartary, a country of Afia, S. of the river Don, and E. of the Sea of Afoph, fubje6I to the Ruffians. It is now part of the diftrift of Taurida. Cubberley, Glouc. 4 miles from Chel- tenham. Cubbington, near Warwick. Cubley , Derbyf. 6 miles S. of Afhburn. Cubley, Cornw. near Tregony. Cubley , Derbyf. between Boylfton and Rawfton. Cublington, Bucks, near Whitchurch. Cuckamjley Hill, Berks, SE. of Wantage. Cuekerton, Glouc. near Tetbury. Cuckfield, a town of Suffex, 1 3 miles NW. of Lewes, and 40 S. of London. Market on Friday. Cucklington, Somerf. SE. of Wir.canton. Cuckmere, a river and haven of Suffex. Cuckflon, Kent, SW. of Rochefter. Cuddalore, a town in the Carnatic, on the coaft of Coromandel, 1 ^ miles SS W, of Pondicherry. It is fubje£f to the Eng- lift) . Cuddapa, a town and province of Hindooftan, iurrounded by Golconda, the Carnatic, and Myfore, and ceded to the riizam of the Deccan by Tippoo Sultan. Lat. 14. 8. N. Ion. 78. 48. E. Cuddenton Bucks, S. of the Winching- fons. Cudderjlon, Yorkf. near B irnard Caftle. Cuddefdon, 5 miles E. of Oxford. Cudely , 1 mile E. of Worcefter. Cud - nvortb, Somerf. near Crewkherne. Cug- ley, Glouc. 5 miles from Dean. Cuhol- gate, Herts, N. of Enfield Chace. Cuenza, or Con$a, a town of New Caftile, fituated between two fmall ftreams, which form the Xucar ; and a town and jurifdifilion. C U L jurifdi&ion, containing 14 parifhes, of Quito, in Terra Firma. Cujavia, a province of Poland, on the Viftula. Waldiflaw was the capital. It is now fubjett to Pruflia. Culbone , Somcrf. SW. of Porlock Bay. Culbetb , a river in Pemhrokefhire. Cul de Sac, a bay on the W. coaft of the Iiland of St. Lucia ; and a bay on the SE. coaft of the Ifland of Martioico.— It is all'o a general term for a bay in the Weft India illands. Culemburg, a town of Dutch Guel- derland, fituated on the Leek, 16 miles N. of Bois le Due. Culford , Suff. N. of Bury. Culgcith, Cumb. near Ntwbiggen. Culiacan, a town, river, and province of Mexico, SE. of the Gulf of California. The province of Culiacan is 200 miles long and 90 broad. Lat. 24. 22. N. Ion. 10. 8. W. Culkerton , Glouc. inRodmarton parifh. Cullacomb , Devonf. near Taviftock. Cul- lam , Oxf. near Abingdon. Cullan, St. Parva, Cornw. W. of Columb Magna. Cullen, a parifh, rivulet, and royal burgh of Banffshire. Cullenagb , in Queen’s County; Cullen- wain, in King’s County ; Cullihill , in Queen’s County ; and Cullivore, in Long- ford, all in Leinfter. Culliford, Devonf. near Axmouth. Cul- liford Dorfetf. near Upway. Cullinwortb , Yorkf. NW. of Bradford. Culliton Raw- leigb, Devonf. W. of Sidmouth. Culliton, a town of Dcvonfhire, 17 miles neaiiy E. of Exeter, and 159 SW. of London. Market on Saturday. Culloden Muir, a wide heath, 3 miles E. of Invernefs, where the Duke of Cum- berland gained a decifive viflory over the Highland rebels, April 16, 1746. Culloville , in Armagh, Ulfter. CULLUMPTON. See COLLUMPTON. Culm, a town and palatinate of Polifh Pruflia, 18 miles NNW. of Thorn. Culmbach, the lecond town in the principality of Bayreuth, fituated on the Main, 15 miles NNW. of Bayreuth. Culme David, Devonf. near Church Stemp’on. Culmensee, or Chelmsa, a town of Culm. Culmerton , Shropf. near Ludlow. Culmcre , on the coaft of Loughfoyle, 4 miles N. of Londonderry. Cubnjlock , Devonfhire, S. of Welling- ton. Culmullin , in Meath, Leinfter. Culpepper, a county of Virginia. Culpbo, Suff. W. of Woodbridge. CUL Culross, a town of Perthfhire, fituat- ed on the Forth. Culwortb , Northairp. 5 miles from Brack ley. Cum a, a ftnall ifland in the bay of Na- ples. Cumana, formerly called New Cor- dova, a town, with a deep, commodious road ; and province of Terra Firma, fitu- ated between the provinces of Caraccas and Paria. Lat. 10. 12. N. Cum bach, a town of Boleflaw, Bohe- mia. Cumberland, a maritime county of England, bounded on the W. by the Irifh Sea and Solway Fiit'n ; on the N. by Scot- land; on the E. by Northumberland, Dur- ham, and Weftmorland ; and on the SW. an»! S. by the Tea and Lancafhire. It is 58 miles in length from SW. to NE. and it’s greateft breadth, from E. to W. is about 45 miles. It contains 1 city, 15 market towns, and 58 parifhes. The air is cool; the mountains are large and lofty, feeding numerous flocks of fheep ; and the valleys and plains are well cultivated. From the coal-pits on the coaft, Ireland is principal- ly lupplied with fuel; this trade conftanf- ly requiring a great number of fhips and mariners. The property here, both in lands and /hipping, is more equally divided than in mod other countries. Befides the coal mines, there are others of lead, copper, blueflates for covering the roofs of houles, lapis calaminaris, and of black lead, a mi- neral almoft peculiar to this county, and produced here in quantities fufficient to fupply all Europe. This county, and the adjoining one of Weftmorland, are cele- brated for their lakes, and the beautiful romantic feentry, which their banks, and the adjacent country, exhibit. They have often afforded fubjefts for the pen and pencil, and a vifit to the lakes has of late become a fafhionable tour. See Borro- dale, Buttermere, See. Cumberland, a county of New Jer- fey; a town of Virginia ; and a town of Rhode Ifland. Cumberland Island, about 20 miles in circumference, near the coaft of Georgia. Lat. 31. N. Cumbray, Greater and Less, iflands in the mouth of the Clyde, E. of tiie Jfle of Bute. On the latter is a light- houfe. Cummington, a townfhip of New Hampfhire. Cundall , Yorkf. N. Riding, NW. of Eafingwould. Cundicott , Gloucef. N. of Stow in the Would. Cundon , Durham, E. of Biftiop Auckland. Cune , a river in War wickfliire. CUR Warwick (hire. Cunejby , Line. SE. of Tatterfhal. Cunningarth , Northumberl. N. of Bothal Cattle. Cunningham , the N. divifion of Ayrfti. Cunfall , Staff. E. of Bagna. Cunf- cougb, Lane. SE. of Ormfkirk. Cunjley , Durh. W. of Darlington. Cunvil, a ri- ver in Merionethfhire. * Cu Par, the county town of Fifefhire, beautifully finiated on the Eden. Here the Thanes of Fife held their courts from the earliett times. Alfo -a town of Angus. CuRAtjOA, a. W. India ifland, fubjeft to the Dutch, 25 miles in length and 12 in breadth. The principal town is of the fame name, and has a good harbour. The principal articles of commerce are fugar, ikins, and fait, and the inhabitants have long carried on a fmuggling trade with the Spaniards. The ifland is barren, and de- pendent on the rains for water ; yet the Dutch have built, on the fouthern coaft, one of the largeft, and by far the mod ele- gant and cleanly town, called St. Barbara, in the W. Indies. The harbour is natu- rally cne of the worft in America ; yet the Dutch have entirely remedied that de- fect . Lar. 12. 6. N. Ion. 68. 20. W. Curbeal, Cornw. near Plymouth Dock. Curbear, Derh. in the High Peak. Cur - boro'w> Staff. NE. of Lichfield. Curdist an, a country of Afia, partly lying in Armenia, and partly in Perfia. The inhabitants are a mixture of Chrifti- ans, Mahometans, and Idolaters ; they offer cotks, See. in. facrifice to the devil, and, like the Arabs, partly live in towns and villages, and partly rove about with tents, 1’ubfifting chiefly by plunder. They are called Curds, and are not fubje£f to either the Turks or Perfians. Curdley, Lancaf. W. of ' Warrington. Curdworth, Warw. near Water Orton. Curia Maria, an ifland on the SE. coaft of Arabia, 40 miles long and 16 broad. Lat. 17. 20. N. Ion. 55. 25. E. Curidge , Berks, near Chevely. Curisch Haff, or The Gulf of Courland, a lake, or gulf of Pruflia, wide to the S. and narrow towards theN. It is feparated from the Baltic by the Curisch Nerung, a tongue of land, extending 50 or 60 miles, from Memel to Labiaw. Curlew , mountains in the county of Sligo, in Connaught, \ j miles S. of" Sligo. Curragb, anextenfive common, of fineland, in Kildare, Leinfter, about 30 miles from Dublin, celebrated for horfe races. Cur- ragha , in Meath, Leinfter. Curraghbeg- land, in Cork, Munfter. Curraghmore, in Waterford, Munfter, 4 miles SE, of C U X Garrick. Curraghroe, mountains of Ty- rone, in Ulfter, 1 5 miles SW. of Strabane. Curran y in Derry, Ulfter. Currans y in Kerry, Munfter. Curras and Maun , in Cork, Munfter. Curriton, Devon f. SE. of Lifron. Cur- ry, Cornw. between Helfton and the Liz- ard Point. Curry, Euft, S^merfetl". 1 mile from Langport. Curry , Weft, Somerleff, W. of Curry Revel. Curry gtafs, in Cork, Munfter. Curry Mallet, Someri. N. of" Abbot’s Leigh. Curry Revel, Som. neai Langport. CuRZOLA, CORZOLA, orCORSIOLA, a town and woody ifland, lately of Ve- nice, on the coaft of Dalmatia j the latter is 30 miles long and 8 broad, Lat. 43. 17. N. Curzolari, five fmall, rocky iflands* about 12 miles E. of Cephalonia. Cusco, a large city of Peru, formerly the refidence of the Incas. It is built in a fquare form, and in it’s centre is the beft market in all Spanifh America. Four large ftreets, perfeflly ftraight, meet in the lquare, and ftreams of water run thro’ the town. The number of the inhabit- ants is about 50,000, of which three- fourths are of the original Americans. It is 290 miles SE. of Lima. Lat. 13. 9. S, Ion. 71.0. W. Cufher , a river of Down, Ulfter. Cufop, a river of Heref.’ Cujfe Hall , Eflex, NW. of Heningham Sible. Cussac, a town in the dept, of Upper Vienne. Cusset, a town in the dept, of Allier, 25 miles nearly S. of Moulins. CuJJington , Somerf. NE. of Bridgewater. Cujlock, Somerfetf. on the coaft, near Wef- ton upon Moor. Custrin, a town in the New Marche, Brandenburg, fituated on the Oder, 48 miles E. of Berlin. Cufwortb, Cornw. near Columb Magna. Cutatis, a town, the principal place of Imiretta. Cutch, a territory of Hindooftan, fi- tuated along the E. branch of the Indus, and the N. coaft of the Gulf of Catch, and bounded on the N. by Agimere. It is overrun with hills, woods, and fandy wilds, and is governed by a rajah of it’s own. The chief town is Boodge Boodge. Cutcomb y Somerfetf. between Dulverton and Minehead. Cuthbert, Cornw. SW. of Litrie Columb. Cuttayle y Cornw. W. of Taviftock. Cuttefdean , or Cuifdean 9 Worcef. furrounded by Gloncef. Cuttef- den, Gloucef. between Morton in Marlh and' Winchcomb. Cuxba.m y Oxf. E. of Dorchefter, CuXHAVENj C Y P Cuxhaven, a fea-port of Bremen, fi- tuated on the German Ocean, between the mouths of the Elbe and the Wefer. Cuyos, Cuplo, orCHicvwiTO, a ter- ritory of Buenos Ayres, bounded by Tu. cuman on the N. and on the S. and W. by Chili. Cyprus, an ifland in the Mediterra- nean, between the coaft of Syria and that of Caramania, fubjeft to the Turks. The foil is fertile, but fubjeft to long droughts, and there are numerous fprings, but no ri- vers. The Cypriots are, in general, tall and well made} many of them live to a very advanced age: their women have fine eyes, but, in other refpe£ts, are far from being beautiful } they do not, however, degenerate from their anceftors, as votaries of that goddefs, whofe favourite habita- tion this ifle was fuppofed to be. It abounds with game, and great numbers of ortolans, boiled and pickled in vinegar, are annually exported. The chief produce is cotton, filk, and wines: the annual amount of the former, is from 3 to 5000 c z o bales, that of the filk is about 25,000; and the wines amount to near 40,000 gallons. The other exports are wool, nutmegs, tur- pentine, madder, kermes, opium, coloquin- tida, lalt, umber, green earth, and a linall quantity of cochineal. Nicofia is the me- tropolis of the ifland. Czaslau, a town and circle of Bohe- mia. In the church of the former is the tomb of Zifca, the celebrated general of the Hufiites. It is 42 miles ESE. of Prague. Czenstochow, in Cracovia, Poland. Czernick, or Czirnitz, a town of Carniola, in the circle of Auftria. Here is a remarkable tra£l of land, 15 miles in length and 5 in breadth, which, in fum- mer, produces excellent grafs and corn, but in winter is overflowed, yields fifh, and is called the Czirnitzer Sea. It is 28 miles SE. of Laubach. Czersko, a town of Maffovia, Poland. Czongrodt, a town and territory of Hungary. DAB D ABUL, a town and harbour of Hin- dooftan, trading in pepper and fait, fituated on the coaft of Concan, 75 miles nearly S. of Bombay. Lat. 18. o. N. Ion. 72. 42. E. Dacca, a city of Bengal, once the ca- pital, fituated in the E. quarter, on a branch of the Ganges, which has a ready communication with all the other channels of that river, and the Burrampooter. It is the third city of Bengal in extent and population, and the capital of a diftrifr. It has large manufactories of the fined muflins and filks, and cotton is produced within the province. The country round Dacca, lying low, is covered with perpe- tual verdure during the dry months, and is not fubjeCl to fuch violent heats as Moorlhedabad, Patna, and other places. It is 130 miles NE. of Calcutta. Lat. 23. 43. N. Ion. 90. 30. E. Dachau, a town in the duchy of Ba- varia, 10 miles NW. of Munich. Dachstein, a town in the dept, of the Lower Rhine, 8 miles W. of Strafburg. Dacor Cafile , Cumb. at the confluence of the Dacor and the Eden, S. of Penrith. Daccombe y Devonf. near the -Kefwells. Dadlington , Leic. NW. of Hiqckley. Dafar, or Dalfar, a fea-port of Ha- dramaut, exporting chiefly olibanum ; and D A H a town cf Yemen, 130 miles S. of Mecca. Dagenham , Efiex, on the Thames, 9 miles from London. Daghestan, a mountainous traCl of Afia, W. of the Cafpian Sea, N. of Schir- van, and NE. of Georgia. It is inhabit- ed by Tartars, fubjeCl to Ruflia, and in- cluded in the government of Caucafus. Dag HO, an ifland of Ruffia, in the Bal- tic, on theNW. coaft of Livonia, about 20 miles in circumference. Dagling'worth , Glouc. 3 miles NW. of Cirencefter. Dagno, a town of Albania, fituated on the Drino. Dag Kent, SE. of Welland. Danthorp , abundance of filh and river horfes. It is Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Dantijh , Dorfetf. 100 miles from the fource of the Nile ; E. of the Vale of White Hart. Dantrey , the country of Dambea, on the N. of the Hunt. E. of Whittlefey Meer. Dantfey, lake, being flat, is fubjeCt to inundations. Wilts, near Malmfbury. Damerham , Wilts, on the borders of Dantzick, a large, rich, and commer- Dorfftfhire. cial town, in Pruflian Pomerania, with a Damietta, a fea-port town of Egypt, fine harbour, and a univerfity. The fituated on the eaftern branch of the Nile, houfes are 6 or 7 ftories high, and the gra- about 7| miles from it’s mouth, in the naries, containing vaft quantities of corn molt fruitful part of Egypt. The num- and naval Itores, to which the Ihips lie ber of inhabitants is about 80,000 ; they dole, are ftill higher. It is reckoned to manufacture fine linen of all colours ; nap- contain 200,000 inhabitants, though there kins fringed with filk, &c. &c. Multi- died of the plague, in 1709, above 30,000 I tudes of boats and fmall veffels fill the perfons. It is now fubjeCt to the king of port or road, which, however, is very de- Pruflia, having been annexed to his demh- feCtiveand difadvantageous to trade, being nions in 1793. It is feated on the weftern ! every where totally expofed. It is a place bank of the Vifhiia, about 4 miles from of great trade, and is 84 miles NNE. of the Baltic, 68 miles WSW. of Konigf- Cairo. burg, and 160-NW. by N. of Warfaw. Damiano, St. a town in Montferrat. Damme, a town of Flanders, fituated on the canal between Btuges and Sluys. Damme. See Dam. Lat. 54. 22. N. Ion. 18. 38. E. Danube, towards the mouth called Ister, by the ancients, a river of Europe, rifing in, and runing through, the circle Dammartin, a town in the dept, of of Suabia, patting by Uim, then through Seine and Marne- ; and a town in the dept. Bavaria and Aultria, patting by Ratifbon, of Seine and Oife. Paffau, and Vienna: it then enters Hun- DaMvilliers, a town in the dept, of gai y, patting on to Prefourg, Buda, and the Meufe, 11 miles N. of Verdun. Belgrade, after which it divides Bulgaria Danbury, a town of Connecticut. from Morlachia and Moldavia, falling into Dancali. See Dongali. the Black Sea, by feverai channels, in the Danbury , Effex, on a hill, 5 miles E. of province of Beffarahia. It begins to be Dhelmsford \ it’s fpire ferves as a fea- navigable for boats at Ulm ; receives fe- nark. Danby , Yorkf. N, Riding, be- verai large rivers as it paffes along ; is fo G deep D A R deep between Buda and Belgrade, that the Turks and their enemies have had men of war on it ; yet there are catarafls on it, both above and below Buda, which pre- vent it’s being navigable either way in that part. Danyan , in Rofco'mmon, Connaught. Dar abgerd, a town of Farfiftan, Per- fia, with a considerable manufacture of giafs. Near it is found fait of various co- lours, red, white, black, and green. It is 116 miles ESE. of Schiras. Darah, or Dr as, a country of Africa, bounded-on the E. and S. by Zahara, on the W. by Sus, and on the N. by Moroc- co, Gezuia, and Tafilet. It takes it’s name from the river Darah, which palfes through it, rifnig in the Greater Atlas, and running into the Atlantic near Cape Non. Darby Wejl> I„anc. NE. of Liverpool. Darda, a town of Lower Hungary. Dardanelles, two caftles, (built by Mahomet IV. in 1658) one on eachfideof the Strait of Gallipoli, anciently the Htl- lefpont, between the Archipelago and the Sea of Marmora*. The ftrait is 33 miles long; in the broadeft part it is a mile and a half acrofs, and in the narrowed half a mile. At the entrance, where guarded by the c allies, it is about 2 miles over. Dardiflown Bridge , in Meath, Leinfter, 19 miles from Dublin. Barely, Chelh. nearOlton, Darel Hamara, a town of-Fez. Darent , Kent, on the river Darent, or Darwent, between the Grays and Gravef- •nd. Dares Hall, Northumberl. SW. of Eland Hall. Darfieldt Yorkf. between B-arnefley and Doncafter. Dargle , a romantic vale, or glen, in the county of Wicklow, about 10 miles from Dublin. The lofty mountains on each fide are clothed with trees down to the edge of the river, which noilily tumbles from rock to rock in the bottom, forming many cafcades ; and the views from the eminences are grand and beautiful. Darien, an iflhraus,or narrow country which joins N. and S. America, having the Atlantic on the-NE, and the Pacific on the SW. It extends about 360 miles in length, and from 4? to 135 in breadth. It is generally confidered as a province of Terra Firms, though it leems to be a part of N. America, and is of great im- portance to the Spaniards, as the wealth of Peru is brought annually to Panama and Porto Bello, and thence exported to Eu- rope. Here are many high mountains, amt rhe low grounds are frequently over- flowed with the heavy rains. The natives D A R build their houfes with hurdles, plaiftered over with earth, and have plantations along the banks of the rivers. The girls pick and fpin cotton, arid the women weave it; and the men fabricate very neat bafkets with canes, reeds, or palmetto-leaves dyed of feveral colours. Polygamy is allowed among them. Darien, a large river of the province of Darien, which empties itfelf into the Gulf of Darien, in the Spanilh Main, in lat. 8. 40. N. Darien, a town of Georgia, in N. America. Darien's Bridge , in Cavan, Ulfter. * Da R king, a town of Surry, noted for corn and fowls. The cuftom of borough Englifh prevails in this manor. It is feated in a healthy air, on a foft, fandy rock, near the river Mole, 23 miles SW. of London. Market on Saturday ; and a large fair on May 23, for lambs. Darlajlon , Shropf. near Prees. Darlajlon , Staff, near Stone. Darlejlon, Staff. W. of Trent; near Stone. It communicates with all the late inland navigations. Darleton , Nett. NE. of Tuxford. Darley, near Derby. Darley , Yorkf. W. Riding, NW. of Ripley. Darley Abbey, N. of Derby. Darley Hall, Derbyf. SE. of Bakewell. Darlfton , or Daljlon , Midd. in Hackney. ^Darlington, a neat, thriving town, in the county of Durham, noted for it’s manufactures of huckabacks, 10 quarters wide, diapers, fluff's, &c. Some fine li- nens are alfo made here, the Skerne waters being famous for bleaching. It has a fpa- cious market place, and handfome church, A curious water machine for grinding op- tical glades, and knottier for {pinning li- nen-yarn, have been invented and ereCted here. Darlington is feared on the river , Skerne, which falls into the Tees, 3 or 4 miles below the town, 18 miles S. of Dur- ham, and 236 N. by W. of London. Market on Monday. Darlington, a county of S. Carolina. Darmstadt, the capital of the land- graviate of Hefle Darmlladt, in the circle of the Upper Rhine. It has a confiftory, a criminal court, a college, a court of ap- peals, &c. It is feated on a river of the lame name, 18 miles ESE. of Mentz. Darn all, Chefhire, SW. of Middlewich. | Darnbroke, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Pen- nygent Hill. Darnall, a river in Radnorf. \ which runs into the Wye above Rayader Gowy. Darnfordy Wilts, N. of Old Sa- j rum. Daroca, a town of Arragon, fituated on the Xilgca, j8 miles SSW. of Sara- gofla. Barrington, DAT Darrington , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Wentbridge. Darjham, Suffolk, W. of Dunwich. Dartington, Devonf. N. of Totnefs. *Dartford, a town in Kent, feated on the river Darent, near it’s influx into the Thames, which is a harbour for barges, 7 miles W. of Gravefend, and 16 E. by S. of London. It is full of inns and public houles, from it’s being a great thorough- fare on the road from London to Canter- bury. Market, chiefly for corn, on Sa- turday. * Dartmouth, a town of Devonfhire, with a fafe haven, capable of fheltering 500 fail of fliips. It is feated at the mouth of the Dart, which river rifes at the foot of Dartmoor hills, (an extenfive moorifh traft, feeding great numbers of black cat- tle,) and alter palling Totnefs, where it is navigable for (mall veffels, is joined by the Hareborn, 7 miles above it’s fall into Dartmouth Haven. The town, which is about a mile long, (lands on the fide of a craggy hill, with ftreets very irregular, fometimes two or three, one above another ; yet the houles are generally very high. The harbour is. defended by three cables, befides forts and block-hoiifes ; and here is a large quay, with a fpacious fireet be- fore it, inhabited by fome confiderable mer- chants. Dartmouth has a confiderable trade to Italy, Spain, Portugal, &c. and and to Newfoundland, as well as a (hare in the coafting traffic. It’s pilchard and foreign^ fi(heries employ near 3000 men. It is 30 miles nearly S. of Exeter, and 204 W. by S. of London. Market on Friday for corn and provifions ; and one almolt every day for fifli. Dartow, or Yarrow, a river in Lancaf. which runs into the Dowlas, near Crafton. Darton, Yorkf. near Barnefley. Darnel, Suffex, near Battel. Darum Wood , Suffcx, NW r of BatteJ. Darwen Cote, Durham, in Chopwell manor. Darwardes , Effex, NW. of Braiptree. Darwen Chapel, Derby f. in the High Peak. Darwen Chapel , Lane. SE. 0} Blackburn. ' Dassen Eyland, or Deer Island, one of the three fmall iflands lying between the Cape of Good Hope and Saldanha Bay, fo called from the great number of deer, which were firft brought here in 1 60 1 . Here are alfo (heep, whoie tails weigh 19 pounds apiece. Lat. 33. 25. S. Ion. 17. 56. E. Dajfet A'von, or Parva ; and Dajfet Burton, or Magna, Warw. E. of Edge Hill. Daflel , or Dojlhill, Warw. between Holt and the river Tame. Datcket, Bucks, near Windfor, Datcbwortb, Herts, be. D E A tween Ware and Stevenage. Datford* Bucks, in Stow pariih. Dauderby, Line 4 S. cf Horncaffle. Davenbam, Ciirflt. z miles S. of Northwich. Davenport, Chefh. W. of Congleton. *Daventry, or Daintry, a town of Northamptonlhire, with many good inns, being a great thoroughfare, on the read from London to Chefttr. It’s principal trade is making whips. It is 10 mil.es W. of Northampton, and 72 NW. of London. Market on' Wednelday. Dan Gledbeu , or Ywo Swords, a river in Pembrokefliire, which rifes S. of Fif- gard, paffes by Hnverfordweft, &c. and falls into Milford Haven. * David’s, St. anciently called Me- NEW, or Menevia, a town of Pembroke- shire, formerly the fee of an archbiihcp, and metropolis of the Brifu'h church, ft contains 'about 1200 inhabitants, and is feated on a barren foil, on the river Hen, 22 miles NW. of Pembroke, and 225 W. by N. of London. Market on Wednelday. David’s, St. or Tecapatn am, an Engiifh ktilement, on the Cpaft of Coro- mandel, 1,5 miles S. of Pondicherry. Lat. 12, 5. N. Ion. 80. 55. W. Davidjlow, Cornw. NE. of Camelford. Davis’ Straits, an arm of the lea, feparating Greenland from Labradore, and other parts of N. America. It was dif- covered by Captain Davis in 1585. Lat. 60. to 80. N. ' - Daidting , Somerf. between Crammer and Shipton Mallet. Daulton, Darh. SW. of Hartlepool. Daun, a town cf Stiria. Dauphin, a fmall ifland, in the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the river Mo- bile. Lon. 88. 10. W. Daufhiny, a ci devant province of France, now forming the departments of Drome, Ifere, and Upper Alps. Davington, Kent, r mile from Fever- fliam. Dawley, Midd. near Drayton and Hounflow. Dawley, Great and Little , Shropf. SE. of W rekin Hill. Bawling Field , Norf. S. of Cockthorp. Bawling Wood, Norf. NW. of Cafton. Dawli Somerf. SE. of 11 minder. Dawlijh , De- vonf. between Torbay and Star Ciois. Dawlton, Northumb. between Hexham and Morp'eth. Dawney Court, Eriks, near Eton With. Daw's Green, Surry, near Du king. Dawton, Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, near Eriholm. Dax. See Acqs. Daye, St. Cornw. W. of Truro. Dead, a river in Pembrokelhire, which runs into the Amfer, or Nevetne, near Newport. De adman's Head, a cape in O 1 / Cornwall D E A Cornwall, between St. Maw’s and Fow- ey. Dead Sea, or Lake Asphaltites, in Paleftine, abounding in bitumen: it contains no verdure on it’s banks, ncrfifli in it’s waters. The caufe which deprives it of vegetable and animal life, is the ex- treme faltnefs of the water, which is infi- nitely ftronger than that of the fea. It is ndttrue, however, that it’s exhalations de- Aroy birds flying over it, as it is very common to fee fwaliows fkimming along it’s furface. Fragments of lulphur and bitumen, and mines of foflil fait, are found in the mountains, which extend along the fhore. The Jordan runs into it, without any vifible dilcharge for it’s waters. * Deal, a fea-port in Kent. Here are about 1000 houfes, and 4.500 inhabitants, who are chiefly fupported by the refort of mariners hither from the Downs. It is 7 miles S. by E. of Sandwich, and 72 E. by S. of London. Market on Thurfday. Dean, Great Dean, or Michel Dean, a town of GloucelTerlhire, in the Foreft of Dean, 11 miles W. of Gloucef- ter, and n 2 WSW. of London. The Foreft comprehends that part of the coun- ty which lies between the Severn and the fliires of Monmouth and Hereford. It con- tains 4 market towns and 23 pariflies, is fertile in paflure and tillage, produces fine oaks, abounds in orchards, and has rich mine3 of iron and coal. A few folitary deer (till run wild in it’s recedes. Market on Monday. Dean , Little, Gloucef. 3 miles SE. of Great Dean. Dean, a river of Leic. and Nott. running into the Trent at Newark. Dean , Cumberl. 3 miles SW. of Cocker- mouth. Dean , Hants, E. of Overton. Dean, Hants, at the entrance of Portf- niouth Harbour. Dean, Kent, near Chal- iock. Dea?: y Kent, near Wingham. Dean, Lane. W. nr Bolton. Dean, Middl. in Ryflip. Dean, Northamp. 3 miles from Rockingham. Dean , Eaj ?, Hants, NW. of Rumfey. Dean, Eajl, Sufiex, near Horfliam. Dean, Eajl , Sufiex, between Seaford and Pevenfey Haven. Dean F arm, Oxf. near Eulfon. Dean Hall, Nott. in Caunton parifh. Dean Netber , and Dean Over, Huntingdonf. Dean Park , Shropl*. bordering on Wprcellerfhirq. Dean Prior, Devonfh. between Afhburton and Brent. Dean's Court, Dorietl* near Winbourn. Dean's Court , Kent, near Appledore. Dean's Court , Kent, in Weft well parifh. Dean 'Thorp, Northampton!', near King’s Cliff. Dean, PV eft, Wilts, E. of Salih bury. Dean y WeJl, SufTex, near MLlhu.lt. Dean, W & > Suffex, NW. of Eaft Dean. DEE Debach, Suffolk, between Debenham and Woodbridge. Deb den, Effex, near Aud-' ley End. Debdon H arits, in New Foreft, near Southampton Bay. Deben , a river in Suffolk, flowing into a long, narrow arm of the fea at Woodbridge-. Debenham, a town of Suffolk, fituated near the head of the river Deben, 24. miles E. of Bury, and 84. NE. of London. Mar- ket on Friday. Debreczin, a town of Hungary, 67 miles WNW. of Colofvar. Deccan, The. an extenfive traft of country, in Hither India, which contains the provinces of Candeilh, Dowlatabad, Vi- fiapour, Golconda. and the W. part of Be- rar. Candeifh, Vifiapour, and a part of Dowlatabad, arefubjeft to the Mahrattasj. the dominions of the Nizam Ally, Soubah of the Deccan, (without including the cef- fions of Tippoo Sultan, in 1792, viz. Ko- paul, Cuddapah, and Gangecotta* are foppofed to be 430 miles long, from NW. to SE. and 300 broad. By the death of his brother, in 1780, he became poffefieJ of the diftri&s of Adoni and Rachore, and of the Guntoor Circar. His capital is Hy- drabad. Decize, an ancient town in the dept, of Nievre, feated on an ifland formed by the Loire, 16 miles SE. of Nevers. Deckendor F, a town of Bavaria, fitu- ated near the Danube, 28 miles N\V. of Paffau. Decombs , St. Somerfetf. near Watchet. Deddington, a towh of Oxiordlhire, feated on a liiing ground, 16 miles N. of Oxford, and 70 WNW. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Dedingbarn , Northumb. near Woller. Dedham, a town of Maffachufets. Dedham, a town of Eifex, conlifting of about 400, lofty houfes. It is fituated on the river Stour, which feparates it from Suffolk, 6 miles NNE. of Colchefter, and 58 NE. of London. Market on Tuelday. Dee, a river of N. Wales and Chefliire, which riles near Pimble Meer, in Merion- e th 111 ire, croffes the county of Denbigh, feparating it from Chefliire, and runs into the Irifh Channel about 15 miles NW. of Chdter, and to which city it is navigable from near Ellefmere in Shropfhire. At Chefter the continuity of the navigation is broken by a ledge of rocks, which runs acrofs the bed of the river, and caufes a kind of cafcadej from hence it flows to the lea, a broad, Tandy eltunvy, dividing Chefliire from Flintfliire. By embank- ments, however, made here of late years, much land has been gained from the tide, and a narrower, but deeper channel, fi [ter 1 for DEL for navigation, has been formed from Chef- ter ; half way to the fea. Dee , a river of Aberdeenfhire, which runs into the German Ocean at Aberdeen. Dee , a river of Kirkcudbright (hire, ! which runs into Solway Frith, 5 miles be- low Kirkcudbright. DeepdaUy Rutland, W. of Uppingham. Deepden , Surry, between Dorking and Beachsvorth, a feat of the Duke of Nor- folk, noted for a wild fort of cherries, which grow hereabouts in great plenty. Deeping, Market, an old, ill-built, dirty town, of Lincolnfhire, feated on the river Welland, in a deep, marfhy country, 6 miles E. of Stamford, and 90 N. of Lon- don. Market on Thurfday. Deeping , E. and IV, Line, near Deeping. ! Deerfield, a town and river of Mal- fachufets, which laft runs into the Con- necticut. Deerham. See Dereham. Deerhurji , Gloucefterfh. 3 miles S. of Tewkefbury, l'ubjefl to frequent inunda- tions from the Severn. Defford, Worcef. near Perfhore. Deinton , Gioucef. 8 miles 1 from Briftol and 7 from Bath, Deimse, a town in the ci-devant coun- ty of Flanders, fituated on the river Lys, 9 miles SW. of Ghent. Delacres , or Del-vecrofs Abbey , Stafford f. NE. of Leek. Delaly, Northumb. in Tmdale. Delaley CajHe, Shropf. near Wrekin Hill. Delamere Forefi, NE. of Chefler. ! ^ Delaware, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the N. by Penn- jiyivania ; on the E.by Delaware River and Bayj and on the S. and W. by Maryland, lit is about 90 miles long, and zo broad } and, in 2790, the inhabitants were com- puted at 59,094.. In many parts it is un- healthy, being feated in a peninfula, where the land is low and flit, which occafions the waters to ftagnate, and fubje&s the in- habitants to intermittent fevers, ft is divided into the counties of Newcadle, Kent, and Suffex. Delaware, a river of N. America, vhich riles near the Katfkill Mountains, n the State of New York, and in it’s :ourfe leparates the date of Pennfylvania rom thofe of New York and New Jerfey, nd a few miles below Philadelphia, fepa- ates the date of Delaware from Jerfey, ill it lofes itfelf in Delaware Bay. From he mouth of the Bay to Philadelphia, a ourfeof 1 18 miles, it is navigable all the 'ay for large veffels. Delaware, a bay of N. America, diich is 60 miles long, from Cape Hen- >pen to the entrance of the river Dela- D E L ware at Bombay Hook. It is fo wide in fome parts, that a fhip in the middle of it can fcarcely be feen from the lhore, and the Capes Henlopen and May are 18 miles apart. Delasy or Dulas , a river in Brecknock- (Lire, which runs into the Irwon, or Yron, below Longmarfh. Ddvridge , Devcuf. SE. of Chimleigh. ^Delft, a well-built town of Holland, with canals in the ftreets, planted on each fide with trees. It is about 2 miles in cir- cumference, and is defended againd inun- dations by 3 dikes. Vail quantities of fine glazed earthenware are made here, known by the name of Delft wares. It is feated on a canal called the Schie, 8 miles NW. of Rotterdam, and 30 SSW. of Amfter,- dam. Delfzuyl, a fea-port of Groningen, fituated in the Ommelands, at the mouth of the river Damder, 15 miles NE. of Groningen. Delichi, a river of Albania, anciently Acheron, feigned by the poets to be a river of hell. Delhi, a province of Hindoodan, bounded on the W. by Moultan; on the NW. by Lahore; on the E. by the coun- tries of Thibet and Oude; and on the S. by Agra and Agimere. The natural fer- tility of the foil of this province, and the miklnefs of it’s climate, are fuch as to fa- vour the -mod numerous population; yet, having been the feat of continual wars for more than 70 years pad, it is almod de- populated ; the lands lie wade, and the in- habitants provide only the bare means of fubfidence, led they fhould attract the no- tice of thofe whole trade is pillage. It is about 165 miles in length and 140 in breadth. Delhi, the capital of the province of Delhi, was once a large, rich, and popu- lous city, and the capital of the Mogul empire. But, in 1739, when Nadir Shaw, or Kouli Khan, invaded Hindoodan, he entered Delhi, and dreadful were the madacres and calamities that followed : aoo.ooo of the inhabitants perilhed by the fword s and plunder, to the amount of 6o,ooo,oool derling, was collected and carried away. They endured fimilardif- aders on the fubfequent invafions of Ab- dalla, king of Candahar; fo that, fince the decline and downfal of the Mogul em- pire, the population is extremely low. The late refidence of the Mogul is a mag- nificent palace, built of red done, about 1000 ells in length and 600 in breadth, and which cod 10,500,000 rupees. Lat. 28. 37. N. Ion. 77. 40. E. O 3 Delmenhorst, DEN Delmenhorst, a town in Weftpha- lia, containing i church, about 237 houfes, and 1400 inhabitants, capital of a linall coop'v, Subject to the kinps of Denmark. It is Situated on the liver Delme, 7 miles SW. of Bremen. Delmont, or Talsperg, a town in the >ifhoprick of Bafil, circle of Upper Rhine. Delos, or Dili, an island in the Ar- chipelago, formerly celebrated for the tem- ple of Apollo, and the oracle contained in it, but now covered with ruins and unin- habited Lat.37. 22. N. Ion. 25. 28. E. Delphos, a town, or rather village, of Livadia, occupying part of the fite of the ancient Delphi. Delta, the name of a fertile tra <51 of Lower Egypt, on the Mediterranean, be- tween the branches of the Nile, from it’s fuppofed refemblance to the Greek letter fo called. It is alfo applied to the mouths of the Ganges, Ava, and other rivers. Delves, Staffordshire, near Uttoxeter. Dembleby , Line. NW. of Folkingham. Demer, a river which rifes rn the bi- fhopiick of Liege, and runs into the Scheldt, between Antwerp and Dender- mond . Demer ary, a river and fettlement in Surinam, lately fubje&to the Dutch. The former is navigable for merchant veffels 30 miles up the country. The fettlement is formed on the banks of the river, where the inhabitants cultivate fugar, cotton, and coffee. Demerary forms one govern* merit with Jffequibo, The two diftri£t$ contain about 3000 whites, and 40,000 Haves. This fettlement was taken by the British troops, under General Abercrom- bie, May 2, 1796. Lat. 6. 40. N. Ion. 57 • 45 - w - Demijlon Cafne, Berks, NW. of New. bury. Demmin, a town ofSwedifh Pomerania, fituated on the Pene, 26 miles S. of Stral- fund. Denain, a town in the dept, of the North, 5 miles SW. of Valenciennes. Denbcrry , Dcvqnfh. SW. of Newton BuShel. Denbighs , Surry, one mile from Dorking. * Denbigh, the county-town of Den- bighihire, well built and populous, flo- ated on the Summit of a rock, Hoping on every fide but one, on a branch of the ri- ver Ciwyd. It has a confiderable manu- faflure of gloves and Shoes, which are Hut to London for exportation. It is 27 miles W. of Chefter, and 208 NW. of London. Market on Wednefday. Denbighshire, a county of N. Wales, DEN bounded on the W. by Carnarvonfhire, from which it is for the moft part feparat- ed by the river Conway; on the N. and NE. by the IriSh Sea and Flint (hire ; on the E. by Flintshire, Chefhire, and Shropshire ; and on the S. by Merionethshire and Mont- gomeryshire. It extends from NW. to SE. 39 miles, and from N. to S. in it’s broadeft part, it is 17 miles ; but in gene- ral it is much lefs. It is divided into 12 hundreds, which contain 4 market towns and 57 parishes. The foil is various, the Vale of Ciwyd being remarkably pleafant and fertile, which is not the cafe with the E. part of the county, and the W. is, in a manner, barren. The principal rivers are the Ciwyd, Elwy, Dee, and Conway. The produ£ls of this county are chiefly corn, cheefe, cattle, lead, and coal. Among the ! hills are found fmall pillars, with inferip- tions which no one hitherto has been able to read; as alfo Slones, called Druid j Slones. Denby , Derbyf. SW. of Codnor Caftle. Denby , Yorkf. SW. of Doncafter. Denby Grange , Yorkf. W. Riding, in Kirkhea- tori parish. Denchvoorth , N. and S. Berks, between the Vale of White Hoife and Abingdon. DENDERMOND,orTERMOND, aftrong town of the ci-devant Auftrian Flanders, 1 furrounded by marShes and fine meadows, j| which the inhabitants can lay under water. It is Seated at the confluence of the Den- 1 der and Scheldt, 14 miles E. of Ghent, 1 and 16 W. of Mechlin. Deneven CaJHe , Carmarthenshire, near j Llandilovawr. Denford , Northamp. near ; Thrapfton. Dengy, the chief town of Dengy bun- ‘ dred, Effex, between OSith Ifland and the ) fea. I Dengy Marjb , Kent, between Lyd and r Dengy neSs. Dengynefs, or Dungynefs, j Kent, a promontory between the harbours of Romney and Rye. Denham , Bucks, , near Uxbridge. Denham , Suff. between j Newmarket and Bury. Denham Hill , Suff. near Eye. Denhill , Kent, between Bar- ham Downs and Wingham. Denholm , Lane. SW. of Manchester. Denholm Park, Yorkf. N. of Halifax. Denington, Suffolk, 3 miles and a half from Framlingham. Denia, a maritime town of Valencia, trading in raifins and almonds. The en- trance into the harbour is difficult and dangerous. Lat. 38. 50. N. Denmark, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the W. by the ocean, on the N. and E. by the Baltic Sea, and on the S. by Germany and the Baltic. The coun- try is generally flat, and the air is render- DEN ed foggy by the Teas and lakes j but, the weather being changeable, it is purified by Frequent breezes. Denmark, properly fo called, confifts of Jutland and the Iflands af Zealand and Funen, with the little idles about them j but the king of Denmark's dominions contain the kingdom of Nor- way, and the duchies of Holftein, Olden- burg, and Delmonhorft, in Germany, be- fides Iceland, and the other Danilh fettle- men ts abroad. The revenues are com- puted at 1,4.00,0001. a year, which arife from, the crown lands and duties, and the tolls paid by veflels palling between the Baltic and German Ocean. There is no large river in Denmark, but numerous lakes and channels of the fea, by which it is in- terfered. In the fummer the heat is great, and the days are longj but the winter con- tinues 7 or 8 months. The commodities 2re corn, pulfe, horfes, and large beeves, together with the produce of their manu- factures. The exports exceed the imports to the amount of 55,000 crowns a year. Copenhagen is the capital. Denmead , Hants, SE. of Bufh Wal- tham. Dentner Bridge , Cornw. NW. of Bodmin. Dennis , St. Cornwall, 5 miles NW. of Leftwithiel. Denny, a town and parifh of Stirling- shire. Denny Abbey, Camb. NE. of Cctten- ham. Denny Lodge , Hants, in the New Foreft. Denny IJland , Monm. in the Se- vern, oppofite to Gold Cliff. Denjhanger , Northamp. near Paflenham. Denfion , Staff, near Crockfdon. Denjion , Suffolk, between Barnardifton and Debden. Dent, a river of Weftmorland, which runs intp the Lune. Dent , Yorkf. N. Riding, in Craven. In 1664, two inhabitants of this place, father and fon, were witnefles on a trial at York aflizes, the fon being 100 years of age, and -the father nearly 140. Dentdelion, Kent, in the Ifle of Thanet. Dent Hill , Cumb. W.of Copeland Foreft. Denton , Cumb. NE. of Brampton. Den - ton t Durham, NW. of Darlington. Den- ton, Huntingdonf. S. of Stilton. Denton , Kent, NE. of Elham. Denton , Kent, SE. of Gravefend. Denton, Lane. 3 miles from Stockport. Denton, Line. S. of Grantham. Denton , Norf. between Harleflonand Bun- gay. Denton , Northamp. between Oulney and Northampton. Denton, Northumb. near Newcaftle. Denton , Oxf. in Cuddei- don parifh. Denton , Stiff, near Nevvhaven. Denton Hall , Yorkf. W. Riding, NW. of Otley. Denver, Norfolk, near Downham. LenvAke , Northumb. near Alnwick. Deny’s, St. a town in the dept, of Paris, famous for it’s ci-devant Benedic- D E R tine abbey, and for it’s magnificent church, built by King Dagobert, in which were the tombs of many of the French kings, of the Conftable Guefclin, and of Marfa a 1 T urenne. It is feated on the river Crould, near the Seine, 5 miles N. of Paris. Alfo a town in the refpeCtive departments of tiie Aude, of Loiret, of the Channel, and two in the dept, of the Mayenne. Depden , Suffolk, SW. of Bury. Depe- dale, Weftmorland. Depedale , Yorkf. in W. Riding, N. of the river Wharf. Depe - ham , Norfolk, SW. of Windham. Deftford, a town of Kent, ancient- ly called West Greenwich, divided into Upper and Lower Deptford. It is chiefly remarkable for it’s noble dock- yard, which includes a wet dock of two acres, and another of an acre and a half, with extenfive ftorehoufes, and immtnfe quantities of timber, &c. for the ufe of the navy. It is feated on the Thames, about 3! miles E. of London. Deptford, Wilts, near Warminfter. Derbent, a city of Schirivan, in Per- fia, with a harbour, fituated on the W. coaft of the Cafpian Sea, in lat. 42. 8. N. It is the refidence of a khan. Derberk , a river in Nottinghamfhire. # Derby, the county-town of Derby- Ihire, is large and well built, with a lpa- cious market-place and handfome town- houfe. In 1734, a machine was ereCted here by Sir Thomas Lombe, for the ma- nufacturing of filk, the mode! of which he brought from Italy. It was the firft of it’s kind ereCted in England $ and it’s ope- rations are to wind, double, and twift the filk, fo as to render it fit for weaving. Here are alfo manufactories of filk, cotton, and worded dockings, and of elegant porcelain, which laft is in high eftimation. Derbyfhire and foreign marbles are wrought here in vafes, urns, columns, and other ornamental articles, and the lapidary and jewellery branches are executed with great neatnefs. The malting bufinefs, and a pottery of queen’s earthenware are alfo carried on here. The number of inhabit- ants in it’s five parifhes is eftimated at 8593. It is feated on the river Derwent, which is navigable to the Trent, 36 miles N. of Coventry, and 120 NW. by N. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Friday. Derbyshire, a county of England, bounded on the W. and NW. by Cheshire and StafFordlhiret on the N. by Yorkfhire ; on the E. by Nottinghamlhire ; and on the S. and SE. by Leicefter/hire and a point of Warwicklhire. It extends nearly 56 miles in length from N, to S. and 34 from O 4 E. to DER E. to Wr where broadeft; but, in the S. part it is not above 6. It is divided into 6 hundreds, in which are to market-towns, and 106 parifhes. The N'. and W. parts are mountainous and- (tony, and fubjeft to frequent^rains, and the air is fharp and cold. The S. and E. parts are fertile, pro- ducing moft kinds of grain, particularly barley, The bleak mountains in the Peak- abound in the beft lead, with marble, ala- bafter, millftones, iron, coal, and a coarfe fort ofJcryftal, and thfe intermediate valleys are fruitful jn grafs. The principal rivers are the Derwent, Dove, Erwafh, and T rent. Dereford Forejl , Heref, near Wigmore,. Deregretby in Waterford, Munfter. ^Dereham, East, or Market De re- ham, a town in Norfolk, ir miles NW. of Noryvish, and 100 NNE, of London. It’s market, which is noted for woollen yarn, is on Friday. Dereham , Weji , Norfolk, E. of Down- ham. Dereham , Cumber!, on the river Ebae, near it's, mouth. Derg, a river of Donegal, Ulfter. Derg Bridge. See Caftle Derg . Derham , Gloucef. E. of-Pucklechurch. Derikelagh , a ( fm'ali lake in Down, Ui- fter. Derilin, in Fermanagh, Ulfier. Dermifden , Suffolk, SE. of Needham. Dernthorpf Nott. a hamle't of Collin'gham. Derote, a town of Egypt, fituated in an ifland formed by the , canal between Cairo and Rofetta. , Lat. 30. 40.$. Derpt, Dorpat, oftDoRPT, a town of Livonia, 116'miles NNE. of Riga. Derrilin, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Derrington , W. of Stafford.' DerHng- ion , Norfolk, near Caille Acre. Derry, a county of Ulfter, in Ireland, 31 miles in length and 30 in breadth^, bounded on the W.~by Donegal; on the N. by Lough Foyle and the Ocean ; on the E. and SE. by Antrim and Lough Neagh; and on the S. and SW. by Tyrone. It contains 31 parifhes, in which are about 25,000 houfes and 1 25,000 inhabitants, and is a fruitful, champaign country. The linen manufacture flourlfhes in every part of the county, it’s yearly trade being averaged af 116,720k * Derry, or Londonderry, the ca- pital of the county of Derry, is a modern city, built principally by a company of Lon- don adventurers, in the reign of James I. It conlifts chiefly of two ftreets, which crofs one another; an exchange is built in the centre ; here is a fine market-place, and the harbour is bordered with a quay. It is furrounded with a ftrong wall, and has four cattles by the fide of the river. D E T It -is feated on the river Mourn, near it’s mouth, over which > there is a wooden bridge, upwards of 1000 feet in length, 5 miles S. of the Lake or Bay of Lough Foyle, and 104 NW. of Dublin. Derrybryan. , in Galway, Connaught, nearly 89 miles from Dublin. De'rrygo- ' nelly, in Waterford, Munfter. Dervock , in Antrim, Ulfter, 120 miles from Dublin. Derwent, a river of Derbyfhire, which rife^ in the High Peak, and paffing through the county, falls into the Trent 8 miles ESE. from Derby. Derwent, a river of Yorkfhire, which rifes in the N. Riding, and running S. falls into the Oufe 5 miles SE. of Selby. Derwent, a river of Durham, flow- ing through a romantic traCl of country, and falling into the Tyne a little above Newcaftle, near which, on it’s banks, are fome capital iron works: Derwent, a river of Cumberland, which rifes in Borrowdale, and flowing through Derwent Water and Bafling- th wane Water, pafies by Cocker -mouth, and falls into the Irifh Sea at Workington. Dery , or Defry, a river in Mciioneth- -fhire,- which runs into the Avon near Kenf- mire Abbey. Defart, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Defart Cburrh, in Derry, Ulfter. Defart Martin , in Derry, Ulfter. Dejbor ought Northamp. between Ket- tering and Harborough. Deseada, or Cape Desire, on the SW. coaft of Patagonia, at the entrance of the Straits of Magellarj,, from the Pa- cific Oc?an. Lat. 52. 52. S. Ion. 76. 45. W. Deseada, or Desiderada, one of the Caribbee Blands, about" 10 miles long 1 and 4 broad, 4 leagues E. of Guadaloupe. It is fubjeft to the French. Lat. 16. 38. N. Ion. 61. 15. W. Defert , in Waterford, Munfter. Desford, NW. of Leicefter Foreft. Dessau, a town of Upper Saxony, ca- pital of the principality of Anhalt Defiau. It is fituated on the Muldau, near it’s - union with the. Elbe, 28 miles. SE. of ^Magdeburg. Defunny, a river in Merionethfhire, which runs into the Irifh Channel near Sarraburgh Point. Detchin , Northumb. SW. of Holy Ifland. Detchick , or Ded- dick Hall , Derbyf. NE. of Wirkfworth. Dethmold, a town of Lippe, Weft- phalia. Detling , Kent, near Maidftone. Detroit, a town of N. America, on the W. fide of the ftrait or river, between , Lake D Er V ' D/I B Lake St. Clare and Lake Erie. Lat. 42, * S. by- the Ertglifh Channel'.. In- extent .’it 22. N. Ion. 83. 22. w. is' the feCopd county in England, being DettENgen, a village of Hanau, on 69 miles long from N. to S. and 60 broad the E. fide of the Maine, circle of Lower from E. to W. It is divided into 33 Jhun- Rhine, where the Earl of Stair gained a dreds, containing 40 market towns, 394 victory over the French, in 1743/Gearge pari flies,, and about 340,000 inhabitants. II. who was p^efent in the adVion/difplay- The- rnr is mild' and healthful, and the ed great perfonal courage, expofing him- Toii remarkably fertile, except on the i'elf to a fevere fire of cannon as well as mountains" and moors. On the coaft is mu fq ue try, and' encouraging the troops by found a peculiarly rich .fand, of Angular his pi e fence and example. -It is 9 miles 'Tr.vtee.to theh\i{bandman,a%itreriders v the S. or H. iau. molt barren parts fertile, and, as? it were, Det:or, ap iver of (Cardiganshire, which- impregnates the glebe. Fn*it tre'e's abound runs into the Tivy at Llanditfil, ^•liereL particular ly apples', of which great Deva a fea-port of Guipufcoa, on the qhantitres of cyder are made, and taken to Bay .of Bifcay, 15 miles WYof St>. Se- ' fea,. beirflg found very ferviceabje' in hot baftian. v 1 climates. In tlie SW. parts are great Develto. SeqZAGOaiA. quantities of qyrbie, and in many places', Deventer, a large and populous fea- marble rock$ are / found to'be the ball's of port, the capifll l of. Overyfiel, "tinrated in - the, high roads. The i'ea-eoaftsrabbund in the diliriA called Zallant, on the river herrings, pilchards, and other -falt-Vvatet Iflel, 46 miles E. of Amtterdam, • fifh. ;The prjncipal rivers are the Tamar, / Deverel Brixton, D ever el Hill, Deve- X *T^,Teigne, Touridge, and Dart. rel Kingjlen , Deveral Longbridge , and De-'* Deux Fonts, of'ZwEYBlt ucjcf n, a verel Monkfton. Wilts, all S. and SE.‘o*fr diftrifl anck it’^ c^ifal, circle of Lower , Longleat, on,a rill called Dever, tf.at runs "Rhine, .fuft ouoUed by Alface; Lorraln, under ground, like the Mole, in Surry. s Treves, and.the Lovvar Paia : in'sfte. The Devereux , 7 milfcs S. of Hereford. De - town or Deux Ponts- is. firua.ed . on the *1 nngton Little , or Dmington Court, Krht, Erlbacb, 46 miles- W. of Jvlarheim. - near Fever fham. v ' Devuch-i&cb, Great and 'Little, Heref. * Devizes, aWge, ancient, and po-^ SW,. of Aeon bur y. Devses , Elfex, near" pulous town of Wilts, with very confider- Chigwelj,: JDen a riv^r pf the fame name, the malting and brewing bulineis is car- Sturmintter., Dev^lde, Cornw. near rkd on pretty ext’enfively, and the market and ' W., Loe. Dejvfbury, Yorkf. ,at is abundantly fupplied with corn, w\rol, thefoot.of a hill, W.. of 'Wakefield. Devs* horfes, and all forts of cattle. It is feat- (Ion , Monro. be^ween^Xlahvair and Caldi- td on a rivulet* which jrifes near the cot.. Devjfvjell, S. of Hereford'. ' Dix- caftle, (once one of the ftrongefl^in Eng- boro, D^vonf. -N. < 5 f Houlfworthy. land) and runs into the Avon near'Brom- ^ Dia^JBECK, P/i aji££k:'ir, or*ICAR.A ham, 24 miles NW. of Salifbyry, and Amid, part of me ancient Mesopotamia, of London. Markets on "Monday a province of r Turkey >in Alia, betwetfh and Thurfday. Fairs on Feb. 1.3, Holy ^ the riVers Tigris and Euphritep. In-itU Thurfday, June 13, July 5, and. Off. 20, fcapit'ah'Diai bekir, 'a large, town on-the which lait holds fix- days. W. bynk of the Tigris, "the Chriftians are Devizes Wick, Wilts, ’near Devizes* above ?.c^qoo in number../ Hdl’e is a con^ Devnijb IJland. in Lough Erne, 3 miles fiderable manufaffure of 'red Turkey lea- from Ennifkillin, in Fermanagh, Uift.er. ther, and Df -linen and red ‘cotton cloths. Devon, a turbulent river in the-cqunt^s It is 150’ miles jNE^of Aleppo. ^Lat. 37. of Perth and Clackmannan, which riles 18. N* lonf. 39. 40. E.' in the Ochill Hills, pafles through the. DibAen,\ fee Deepden. Dichborn, Nor- Vale of Glendovan to the Rumbling^ thumb. W. of the Carlsons. Dichbridge , Bridge, &c. where it forms a feenery, Wilts^- between Chippenham and Bath, wild, tremendous, and romantic, beyond Dich End, Northumb. in Woller lordftiip. defeription, and falls into the Forth, 4 Diche Mar/h, Yovki'. W. Riding, between miles W. of Clackmannan. the rivers Don and Aire. Dich Hampton , Devonshire, a county of England, Wilts, between Wilton and Burcomb. bounded on the W. by Cornwall j -on the Dichiat, Somerf. W'. of ^Bruton., Dichley , N. by the Briftol Channel j on^the E. by Oxf^ 4 miles N W. of Woodftock. Dich - Somerfetfhire and Dorfetfhirej and on the ling , Suflex, 6 miles'NW. of Lewes. 1 , Dick, D I G Dick, a town of S. Carolina. Dicklekorough, Norf. near Difs. Die- klejlon , Glouc. in Alderton parish. Dickson, a town of N. Carolina. Didbrook , Glouc. 3 miles from Winch- combe. Diddejbury, Lancaf. near Man- chefter. Diddington , Hunt, near Bug- den. Diddington , Warwickf. a hamlet of Hampton in Arden. Didithorp , Line. N. of Ruttei wick. Didle/bury, Shropf. S. of Munflow. Diddlefton Chap , Shropf. be- tween Ellefmere and Denbighshire. Did~ ley , Herefordf. near Dewchurch. Did'ling , Suflex, S. of Midhurft. Didlington , Dor- letf. a tything to Chalbury. Didlington , Norf. S. of S waif ham. Didlington, Norf. near Walcot. Didmerton , Glouc. 6 miles from Tetbury. Die, a town in the depart, of Drome, feated on the river Drome, 24 miles SE. of Valence. JDiepholt, a town and county of Weftphalia, bounded by the county of Hoy a on the N. by Munfter on the W. and by Ofnaburg on the S. about 8 leagues in length and 4 in breadth. The country is full of briers, fmall underwood, and moralfes, and the inhabitants fuhfift chiefly by breeding cattle. The town of Die- pbolt is 30 miles SSW. of Bremen. Dieppe, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine, with a tolerable harbour, formed by the river Rethune, an old caftle, and two piers. Packet boats pafs between this place and Bi ighthelmftone,in time of peace. The principal trade ccnfifts in filh, ivory, .toys, and laces. In the year 1694., this town was bombarded by an Englifti fqua- dron, under Commodore Benbow, and the greater part of it burnt down. It is 30 miles N. of Rouen, and 13-1 NW. of Pa- ris. Lat. 49. 55. N. Ion. 1.9. E. Diessenhoffen, a town of Zurich. Dif. st, a town in the late Auftrian Brabant, with manufactures of cloth and ftockings. It is fltuated on the river De- nier, 12 miles NE. of Louvain. Dietz, Nassau, a town and country in the circle of Upper Rhine, fltuated on tile Lahn, 25 miles N. of Mentz. Dieuse, a town in the dept.of Meurthe, remarkable for it’s fait -water wells. It is feated on the river Seille, 20 miles NE. of Nancf. Diez, St. a town in the department of Volges, feated on the Meurthe, 2 1 miles SE. of Luneville. D'tgby , Lincolnf. W. of Witham Ferry. piggejkvortb, Northumb. in Bothnal lord- fhip. Dighton , York!'. E. Riding, N. of Sktpwith. Dighton , Yorkf. N. of North- D I N allerton. Dighton , N. and S. Yorkf. N. of Wetherby. Dighton, a town of Maflachufets. Dignant, a town of Veneftian Iftria. Digne, a town in the depart, of the Lower Alps, noted for it’s hot baths. It is feated on the river Bleone, 30 miles S. by W. of Embrun. Digfwell, Herts, near Welling. Digf- *well, Herts, in Alhwell parilh. Dijon, a large city in the dept, of Cote d’Or, capital of the ci-devant Burghndy, containing 25,000 inhabitants. The llreets are broad, well paved, and ftraight, and the fquares and public ftruCtures ele- gant. It was formerly the capital of the Dijonois, and is feated in a delightful plain, which produces excellent wine, 138 miles SE. of Paris. Dike , Line, near Bourn. Dikenjlon y Gioucef. NW. of Winchcombe. Dilham t v Norfolk, near Wurfted. Dilhorn, Staff, W. of Cheadle. Dilla, Mount, a promontory on the coaft of Malabar, 24 miles NNW. of Tellicherry. Dii.lenburg, Nassau, a town and country of Weflphalia, fltuated on the Dille. ; Pillingen, a town of Augfburg, Suabia, fltuated near the Danube, 24 miles NE. of Ulm. Dillington , Somerf. near liminfter. Dil- lingtonj Norf. 1 mile from Market Dere- ham. Diljlon , Northumb. 2 miles from Hexham. Diljlon , Cumb. the bottom of the Crofs Fells. Dilton Marjh , Wilts, 3 miles N. of Warminfter. Dilivin, Great and Little , Heref. near Pembridge. Di(- rvjortb , Lane, in Ribchefter paiifh. Dim - injlton, Yorkf. in Holclernefs. Dimmock t Gioucef. 11 miles from Mitchel Dean. Dimotuc, or Demotiga, a town in Romania, fltuatecLnear the Maritfch, 12 miles S. of Adrianople. Dimfdale , Stafford!'. near Newcaftle. Din ant, a town in the dept, of the North Coaft. The inhabitants are about 4000, who have manufactures of linen and thread. It is 17 miles SW. of Sr. MaJoes. Dinant, a town of Liege, fltuated near the Maefe, 12 miles S. of Namur. Dinasmouthy, a town ofMerioneth- fhire, 18 miles S. of Bala, and 196 NW. of London. Market on Friday. Dinchureh, Kent, in Romney Marflh. Dinder, 1 mile from Hereford. Dinder , Somerfetf. near Wells. Dingejlonv, SW. of Monmouth. Dingelfingen, a town of Bavaria, fltuated on thelfter, 40 miles W.ofPaftau. Dingle, D I T Dingle, a fea-port of Kerry, in Mun- fter. Several of the houfes are built in the Spanifh fafhion, with ranges of ftone bal- cony windows, this place having been for- merly frequented by merchants of that na- tion, who came to fifh on the coaft, and traded with the inhabitants. It is fituat- ed on a bay of the fame name, 79 miles SW. of Limerick, and 166 of Dublin. Dingley , Northamptonfh. z miles from Market Harborough. Dingwall, a town of Rofsfhire, much enlarged and improved of late years. It is feated on the Frith of Cromarty, 14. miles W. of the town of Cromarty. Some li- nen is manufaflured here, and there is a lint-mill in the neighbourhood. Dinham, Monm. SW. of Chepftow. Dintjh Ifland , in Kerry, Munfter, in the river Ken mare. Dinkelsbuhl, a free and imperial town of Suabia, fituated near the river Wernitz, 37 miles SW. of Nuremburg. Here is a manufactory of cloth and reap- ing-hooks. D inf dale, Upper and Lower, SW. of Yarum, on each fide of the Tees. Dint- hill, Shropf. SW. of Shrewsbury. Dinting, Derb. in the High Peak. Dinton, Wilts, W. of Wilton. Diones , St . Hants, be- tween Redbridge and Bifhop Waltham. Dipford, Devonf. S, of Brent. Dipford, Devonfhire, NE. of Bampton. Dipnall , Hants, near Fa'rnham. Dirtley , Yorkf. near Whitby. Dirtpeth, Durham, at the bottom of Langden Foreft. Difert, in Queen’s County, Leinfter. Disforth, Yorkf. NE. of Rippon. Difh - ley 'Thorp, Leicef. near Loughborough. Dijley. Chef. 5 miles from Stockport. *Diss, a town of Norfolk, containing about 600 good houfes. It is a n^at, flourifhing town, the ftreets are well pav- ed, wide, and clean ; and at the W. end of it is a large muddy mere, or lake, where eels are caught. Here are manufactories of yarn, fail-cloth, ftockings, (lays, and linen cloth. It h feated on the river Wa- ven§y, 13 miles SSW. of Norwich, and 92 NNE. of London. Market on Friday. Dijjington , Cumb. 4 miles E. of White- haven. Diffmgton, N. and S. Northumb. near Ponteland. Ditchford, Worcef. near -Campden. Dittefham , Devonfliire, N. of Dartmouth. Ditton, Lane, between Liver- pool and Warrington. Ditttin, Kent, E. of Mailing. Ditton arid it’s Park, Bucks, 2 miles from Windfor. Ditton, Wilts, W. of Wilton. Ditton, Thames , Surry, nearly oppofite to Hampton Court. Dit- ton, Long, Surry, SE. of Thames Ditton, z miles from Kingften, Ditton, Fen , on the DOC Cam, 3 miles N. of Cambridge. Ditton Wood, Camb. SE. of Newmarket Heath. Diu, an ifland at the W. of the Gulf of Cambay, on the S. coaft of Guzerat, fubjeft to the Portuguefe. On it is a large town, of the fame name, built chiefly of freeftone and marble. It’s trade, once confiderable, is now almoft entirely remov- ed to Surat. The ifland is 3 miles long and 1 broad, with a good harbour at Diu. It is 180 miles W. by S. of Surat, and 200 NW. by N. of Bombay. The moft weftern part of Diu, or Dius Head, is in lat. 20. 43. N. Ion. 69. 52. E. Diver, a river in Wiltfhire, which runs into the Nadir at Bifhopftraw. DrxAN> a town of Abyffinia, built on the top of a conical kill, round which the road winds fpirally, till it ends among the hoiifes. The inhabitants are Moors and Chriftians, whole chief trade is felling children for flave s. Lat. 14. 57. N. Ion. 40. 7. E. Dixmude, a town in the ci-devant Auftrian Flanders, celebrated for it’s ex- cellent butter. It is fituated on the river Yperlee, 14 miles N. of Ypres. Dixton , NE. of Monmouth, on the Wye. Dixton, Glqucef. near Tewkefbury. Dizier, St. a town in the dept, of Upper Marne, 15 miles SE. of Vitri le Francois. The road between thefe two towns, levelled and planted with trees, forms one of the pleafanteft walks in France. Dnieper, anciently Boristhenes, a lare river of Europe, riling in the go- vernment of Tver, or Tweer, and falling into the Black Sea, about 10 miles helow Ockzakow. It flows entirely through the Ruffian dominions, through it’s whole courfeof above 800 miles ; during which it’s navigation is only once interrupted by a feries of cataraCts, which begin below the mouth of the Samara, and continue for 40 miles. They are parted, however in fpring without much hazard, even by loaded barks. Dniester, a fine river of Europe, which rifes in RedRuffia, or Galicia, and parting by Choczim, Bender, & c. falls in- to the Black Sea at Akerman, between the mouths of the Danube and Dnieper. Doagh, in Antrim, Ulfter. Dobiam, Yorkfh. N. Riding, at the mouth of the Tees. Doblen, a town of Courland, 6 miles NE. of Mittau. Dobrzin, a town and diftrift of Great Poland, fituated on the Viftula. Docker , Lane, in Loynfdale. Docking , Norf. NE.of Sharnburn. Docklonv, Herefi, between Bromyard and Leominfter. 3 Dockum, D O L Dockum, a town of W. Friefland, Situated in the country of Qftergoo, on the river Ec, with a good harbour, 10 miles NE, of Lewarden. Dodbrook, a town of Devonshire, 15 miles SW. of Dartmouth, and 219 WSVV. of London. Market on Wednesday. Dodcot , Chefh. near Namptwich. Dod - derjhall , Bucks, in Quainton parish. Dod- defcomb Leigh , Devonf. SW. of Exeter. Doddinghurjl , Effex, between Burntwood and Billericay. Doddington , Camb. in the XSleofEly. Doddingion. Chefh. 3 miles from Namptwich. Doddington, Gloucef. near Pqcklechurch. Doddington , Kent, between Lenham and Feverfham. Dod - dingtan, SW. of Lincoln, Doddington Shropf. in N. Bradford hundred. Dod dington, Shropshire, near Longnor, S. of Shrewsbury. Doddington , Somerf. between Bridgewater and Quantock. Dodenhale, Warw. neai Polelworth. Doderhill, Wore. N. of Droi wich. Dodford , Northamp. SE. of Daventry. Dodford, Wore. 2 miles from Bromfgrove. Dodingham , Wore, near Knightwick. Dodington, Northamp. near Wellingborough. Dodington , Nos th- umbed. in Glendale Ward. Dodlejlon, SW. of Chefter. Dodjley, Staff. W. of Uttoxeter. Dodwel , Warw. in Drayton pariSh. Dodnvorth, Yorkf.SW.of BarneSky. Poel, a town of Dutch Flanders, Situ- ated on the Scheldt, oppofite Fort Lillo. Doesburg, a rich, populous town, of Zutphen, fituated between the river Yffel and a morals, 10 miles SSW. of Zmphen. Dogado, a territory of the ci-devant Venice, on the fea coaft of Italy ; including thedagunes, or islands, in which the city of Venice lies, with the canals of Venice and Marano. Dogdyke Ferry , Line, over the Witham, near Tattei Shall. Doggs , ljle of Midd. oppofite Greenwich. Doggpiead, Herts, W. of the Pelhams. Dogmeals, St. Pem- brokef. 6 miles NE. of Newport. Dog - mtnfeld , Hants, near Odiham. Dog's Nofe Point , in Cork Harbour. Doier , a river in Herefordshire, which runs into the Munnow below Ellfon bridge. Do inton ; he Deinton. Dokynton , ChcSh. iNW. of Mai pas. Dol, a town in the dept, of Hie and Vilaine, containing about 1200 houfes, 18 miles SE. of St. Maloes. Dollar den, Caniarv. near Snowden. Dqlce Aqua, a town of Nice. Dolcigno, a lea- port of Albania, fitu- ated at the mouth of the Drin. Dole, a large and populous town in the depart, of Jura, feated on the liver Daubs, 25 miles WSW. of Befanjon. DOM Dolegelly, a town of Merioneth- shire, feated in a vale, on the river Avon, at the foot of the great mountain Cader Idris. It has a manufa&ure of cottons, and coarfe, undyed woollen cloths, for ex- portation. It is 31 miles NW. of Mont- gomery, and 205 NW.of London. Mar- kets on Tuefday and Saturday. Pollart Bay, a gulf or bay in the German CLean, which feparates E. Frief- land from Groningen. Dolton , Devcnf- 6 miles SE. of Tor- rington, Dolnxyddelen , Carnarvonf. near Bangor. Domalize, a town of Pilfen, Bohe- mia, feated on the rivulet Cadburz. Dome, Mofs, ISle of Wight. ^ Domfront, a town in the dept, of Orne, feated on a craggy rock, divided by a large cleft from the Summit to the bafe, through which flows the little river Va- renne, 31 miles WNW. of Alen$on. Domingo, St. or Hispaniola, the richeft of the Caribbee ISlands in the W . Indies. It is 350 miles in length and no in breadth; and the climate, though hot, is healthy, except to new comers. The country is uncommonly fruitful, and beau- tifully diverfified with hills and valleys, woods, and livers; it is alfo well Stocked with fruit trees, and produces coffee, fu- gar, indigo, tobacco, fait, cotton, ginger, gums , wax, honey, and drugs. It’s coafts and rivers are well fupplied with fifh and turtles ; and the animals brought here from Europe have multiplied prodigiously, fupplying provifions, hides, and tallow. There are alfo mines of gold, talc, and cryftal. The Spaniards have held the east- ern part of this iSland, including about fwo-thirds of the cultivable foil, upwards of three centuries; yet, from the indo- lence of the people, they had only 14,000 blacks, or mulattoes, of which 7 or 8000 are Slaves, and no plantation of confe- quence, the colony even coding their go- vernment 250,000 dollars annually, while the exports from the French, or weftern part, prior to the prefent war, exceeded in value thofe of all the British ISlands in the Weft Indies, taken together. In 1788, the population, &c. of the French part of this invaluable ifiand Stood thus : 30,826 white inhabitants, befides troops, 24,848 mulattoes and free negroes, 434,42 9 Slaves, 793 fugar eftates, 3150 indigo ditto, 789 cotton plantations, 3117 coffee eftates, 54 cocoa ditto, 520 water mills, 1639 cattle- mills, 46,823 mules, 36,782 horfes, 243,682 head of cattle, See. and all this within the fpace of 70 years, as it could only be Paid to be a colony fince i7* s » when DON when' the throne of Spain was fecured to the Duke of Anjou. The whole of the ifland, by the treaty of 1795, * ias ^ een ceded to the French. It lies between Ja- maica and Porto Rico. Domingo, St. a large city, capital of the late Spanish part of the Ifland of St. Domingo. The (ireets are fpacious, and ftraight as a line. Ten of thefe run from N. to S. and ten others from E. to W. The greatelf part of the houfes firfl built, are of a fort of marble found in the neigh- bourhood, and in the ftyle of the ancient towns of Spain and Italy. It is feated on a navigable river, and has an excellent port, or harbour, magnificent in every re- 1’peCl, being a real, natural bafion, with a great number of careenings for the veflels that can get at them. There is a rock, however, at the entrance, which will only admit'veflels drawing iSor 20 feet water. This rock, it is laid, might be eafily removed, hat. 18. 20. N. Ion. 70. 10. W. Dominic, St. Cornw. N. of Saltafli. Dominica, an Englifli Welt-India ifland, about 29 miles in length and 16 in breadth. It yields coffee, indigo, ginger, and other articles of Weft-Indian pioduce, but the foil, being thin, is more adapted to the rearing of cotton than fugar. in the woods are innumerable fwarms of bees, which produce great quantities of wax and honey, and the ifland is well lupplied with rivulets of water. It is divided into ten parifhes. The only towns of note are Charlocte Town, or Roufleau, on the SW. fide of the ifland, and Portfmouth, at the head of Prince Rupert’s Bay. From Ja- nuary 5, 1787, to January 5, 1788, the exports amounted to the value of 302,9871. 15s. Ther e is no confiderable bay or har- bour, but the anchorage round the coaft is commodious and fafe, and fhips find ihelter under it’s capes. It lies about half way between Guadaloupe and Martinico. Lae. ij. 32. N. Ion. 61. 23. W. Dominica, one of the Mendoza, or Marquefas Iflands. Domitz, a town and fortrefs of Meck- lenburg Schwerin, Lower Saxony. Dommel, a river of Brabant, which receives the Aa at Bcis le Due, and af- terwards forms, with the rivers Meufe and Wahal, the ifland of Bommel. Domo d’Oscello, or Dossola, a town of Piedmont, in the Valley of Oflbia. Domremy la PucELLE; a village in the dept, of Meufe, 9 miles E. of Bar le Due. It was the birth-place of Joan d’Arc, the celebrated Maid of Oi leans. Don, a river of Yorkfhire, which rifes DON near Barnefley, and palling by Sheffield, Rotherham, Doncafter, and Thorne, falls into the Aire near Snaith. Don , a river of Aberdcenfhire, which rifes about 4 miles N. ofCaffle Braemar, and falls into the German Ocean at New Aberdeen. Don, one of the principal rivers in Eu- rope, which feparates it partially from Afia. It rifes near Epiphan, in the go- vernment of Tula, and falls by 3 dreams into the Sea of Afopli. It has fo many windings and fhoals, that it is l'carcely navigable. * Donaghadee, a fea-port of Down, in Ulfter,, about 7 leagues W. of Port Patrick, in Scotland, between which two places four elegant packet-boats now re- gularly carry the mails and paflengers. It is 1 5 miles E. of Beifaft, and 94 NE. of Dublin. Donaghdoney , in Down , Ulfter. Donagh - cloney , in Armagh, Ulfter. Donaghady Churchy in Tyrone, Ulfter. Donaghtnore , in Cork, Munfter. Donaghmore t in Queen’s County, Leinfter. Donaghmore , in Down, Ulfter. Donaghmore , in Waterford, Mun- fter. Donaghmore , in Tyrone, Ulfter, near Dungannon. Donaghmore , in Ar- magh, Ulfter. Donaghmore , in Meath, Leinfter, with a river of the fame name* Donaghy , i,n Fermanagh, Ulfter. Donajfe , in Clare, Munfter. Donara , in Wicklow, Leinfter. Donat, St. a fort in Dutch Flanders, near Sluys. Don avvert, a town of Upper Bavaria, fituated on the Wernltz, near it’s junction with the Danube, 18 miles N. of Augf- barg. * Doncaster, a fpacious, populous town, in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, feated on the river Don, in the great road between London and York. It is a confi- derablfc wool- market, and here are manu- factures of dockings, petticoats, knit waiftcoats, gloves, and leather caps. In is 3*7 miles S. of York, and 160 N. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Donchery, a town in the dept, cf of Ardennes, feated on the river Meufe, 3 miles W. of Sedan. Donegal, a county of Utfler, in Ire- land, 68 miles in length, and about 36 in breadth, bounded on the W. and N. by the ocean ; on the E. by the counties of Londonderry and Tyrone; ami on the S, by Fermanagh and the Bay of Donegal. Jr contains 42 parifhes, 23,531 houfes, arid 14-0,000 inhabitants. The. country, is hilly and boggy, with rich valleys between tile mountains, and has :voral excellent harbours. DOR harbours. The linen trade carried on here is pretty extenfive. It’s capital, Donegal, is fituatcd on a bay of the fame name, at the mouth of the river Efk, 9 miles NNE. of Ballylhannon, and in NW. of Dublin. Donegal, 3 towns in Pennfylvania. *Doneraile, a town of Cork, feated on the river Awbeg. Near it are quarries of beautiful, variegated marble. It is 19 miles NW. of Cork, and 1 1 3 SW. of Dublin. Doneschingen, a town of Suabia, where the Prince of Furftenburg has a pa- lace, in the court-yard of which is a fpring, laid to be the fource of the river Danube. It is 13 miles NNW. of Schaff haufen. Donet. Upper and Lower, Wilts, S. of Warduur Cattle. Dongali, a country of Abyfiinia, on the coaft of the Red Sea. It’s chief pro- ductions are fait and honey. It is govern- ed by a prince, nominally tributary to the Negus, or Emperor of Abyflinia. Bag- lar is the principal town. Don Hill , in Waterford, Munfter. Doniert of Abdick , Somerfetf. W. of II- minfter. Donkali. See Dongali. Donkefwick, Yorkf. near Doncafter, Donmore , in Galway, Connaught. Donnington , Somerfetf. near Crewkern. Donnington,G loucef. in Stow parifh. Don - nington , Northumb. in Eland manor. Donny brook , SE. and Donnycarney , NE. both within 2 miles of Dublin. Donore, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Donough , in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Donyford, Somerf. near Quantock. Do - nyland , Eflex, near Colchefter. Donzate, or Donyat , Somerfetf. near S. Petherton. Donzy, a town in the dept. ofNievre, 22 miles N. of Nevers ; and a town in the dept, of Rhone and Loire. Dooab, or Doabah, a fertile tra£l of land, in Hindooftan, between the rivers Ganges and Jumna, moftly fubjeft to the Nabob of Oude. Doobally , in Cavan. Ulfter. Doon, a river which i flues from Loch Doon, a lake in Ayr (hire, and fall into the Frith of Clyde, near the town of Ayr. Do rat, a town in the dept, of Upper Vienne, 25 miles N. of Limoges. * Dorchester, the county-town of Dorfetfhire, is an ancient, neat, and re- markably well-built, well-paved town, with fome manufactures of broad cloth and ferges ; but chiefly noted for it’s ex- cellent ftrong beer, which forms a very conflderable branch of trade, both here and at Cerne ; as alfo for the numerous DOR fheep in it’s vicinity. It is nearly fur- rounded by fine terrace- walks, planted with rows of limes and fycamores, and is pleafantly feated on the river Frome, 8 miles N. of Weymouth, and 120 W. by S. of London. Markets on Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday. Dorchejler, Oxf. 10 miles SE. of Ox- ford, and 49 WNW. of London. Dordogne, a department of France, part of the province of Perigord, bounded on the NE. by the dept, of Upper Vienne, and on the S. by the dept, of Lot and Ga- ronne. It receives it’s name from a river which rifes in the dept, of Puy de Dome, and falls into the Garonne between Blaye and Bourdeaux. Dor don, Warw. near Polefworth. Dore , Derby f. in Dronfield parifh. Dorman's Well , Middl. W. of Hanwell. Dormejion , Worcef. SW. oflnkbarrow. Dorming- ton, Herefordf. near Lugwardine. Dome , Worcefterf. in Blockley parifh. Dorney, Bucks, on the Thames, W. of Eaton. Dornford, Huntingdonf. near Chefterton, was once a city. Dgrnock, the county- town of Suther- land, fituated tit the entrance of a fine frith, of the fame name. It is a fmall place, moftly in ruins. About 9 miles above Dornock FerryJ at Inverfhirt, is a waterfal and falmon leap, where the fifh that fail in the leap are caught in bafkets on their fall. Dornock is about 24 miles nearly N. of Invernefs. Dorpt. See Derpt. Dorsetshire, a county of England, bounded on the W. by Devonfhire and So- merfetf. ; on the N. and NW. by Wilts and Somerfetf.; on the E. by Hants anda" part of the Englifh Channel ; and on the / S. by the Englifh Channel, It extends 54 miles in length from E. to W. and 36 in breadth from N. to S. where broadeft. It is divided into 34 hundreds, which con- tain 22 towns and 248 parifhes, and the inhabitants are eftimated at 89,000. The air is fharp on th*e hills, but mild and pleafant in the valleys and near the coaft. The foil is rich and fertile, but from the Hampfhire border to Blandford, there is an extenfive, heathy common. The north- ern part of the county, anciently over- fpread with forefts, affords excellent pal- ture for black cattle; while the fouthern downs, divided from it by a ridge of chalk hills, feed vaft numbers of fheep, highly efteemed for their wool and flefh ; and game alfo abound here. It is noted for it’s woollen, thread, and netting ma- nufa&ures, and it’s fine ale and beer. It’s other commodities, befides corn, cattle, wool, D O U wool, fifli, and the bed hemp in the Britilh dominions, are Portland done, pipe clay, and a fort of marble, or Purbeck done. It’s principal rivers are the Stour, Frome, and Piddle. Dorfington, Glouc. 4 miles from Strat- ford. Dorfington y Little , Glouc. in Wel- ford parifh; and Dorjington , in Warw. though belonging to the lame parifh* Dor- fion Cafile , Heref. Dort, or Dordrecht, a town of Holland, fituated on an idand formed by the rivers Meufe, Merwe, Rhine, and Linge. In 1421, an inundation of the fea lwallowed up 70 villages and 100,000 people. They fpin fine linen thread here ; it is noted for it’s falmon firticry, and. for Rhenifh wine, and the floats of timber brought here from Germany down the Rhine. It is 10 miles SE. of Rotterdam, and 3.7 SW. of Amflerdam. Dortmund, a fmall imperial town of Mark, in Wedphalia, fituated on the ri- ver Embs, 25 miles SSW. of Munfler. Dofmerry Pool, Cornwall, 5 miles N. of Lefkard. It is on the top of a hill, about a mile in circuit, is fed by no vifible means, is no where above a fathom and a half deep, and breeds no fifh but eels. Dot bill, Shropf. in S. Bradford hundred. Dot ton, Bucks, near Afhenden. Douay, a confideiable city in the dept, of the North, long celebrated for it’s Eng- lifh college, to which the Roman Catholics of that nation were generally fent for education. It’s principal trade confifts in making and vending of worded camlets. In the centre of the city is a fpacious Iquare. It was taken by the allies, under the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene, in 1710, after a fiege which laded from the 5th of May to the 26th of June. It is feated or. the river Scarpe, whence there is a canal to the Deule, 1 5 miles NW. of Caenbray. Doues, a department of France, bound- ed on the E. by Switzerland, and on the 8W. by the dept, of the Jura ; it is fo named from a river which pafles through it, riling at the foot of Mount Jura, and walhing St. Hypolite, Befan$on, Dole, See. lofes itfelf in the Saone, near Verdun. Dove Dale , a romantic fpot, in Derbyf. in the neighbourhood cf Afhborn. Here the river Dove, which rifes in the Peak, and falls into the Trent near Burton, runs in a chafm between precipitous rocks. Doue', a fmall town in the dept, of Maine and Loire, with a manufa&ure of druggets and tammies. Near it are the emains of an amphitheatre, cutout of the olid rock; by fome luppofed to be Roman, D O U and by others, the remains of a palace of the ancient kings of Aquitaine. Doveburn , Line. W> of Spalding. * Dover, a lea-port of Kent, fituated in a valley, between high cliffs, near the Straits of Dover, which is 20 miles acrofs. It is the dation of the packet boats that, in tim£ of peace, pafs to and from Calais. Hence, in clear weather, is a profpeff of Calais and the coad of France. The har- bour is apt to be choked up with lands, but it is cleared by letting off the river upon it, through fluices, at low water. Dover is 15 miles SE. of Canterbury, and 72 of London. Lat. 51. 8. N. Ion. 1. 23. E. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Dover, a town of the county of Kent, and date of Delaware, in N. America, the feat of government, trading chiefly in corn, with Philadelphia. It is fituated on John’s Creek, a few miles from the Delaware, 5 G miles S. of Philadelphia. Alfo a town of Stafford county, New Hampfhire; and a town in York county, Pennfylvania. Dovercourt , Eflex, the mother church of Harwich. Doverdale , Worcef. NW. of Droit wich. Do-veridge, Derbyf. on the Dove, 2 miles from Uttoxeter. Dovers, Surry, SE. of Ryegate. * Douglas, a town and parifh of La- nerkfhire, feated on a river of the lame name, that falls into the Clyde. Near it is Douglas Cadle, for many ages the refi- dence of the dukes of Hamilton. The ancient cadle was burnt about 40 years ago, but an elegant, new feat is built on it’s fite, It is 8 miles S. of Lanerk. Douglas, a fea port of the Ille of Man, nearly at the fame didance from the Englifh, Scotch, and Irifh fhores. It is the bed harbour irr the idand ; and there is a large export of herrings. It’s trade and number of inhabitants have greatly in- creafed within the lad 50 years. Lat. 54. 12. N. Ion. 4. 20. W. Douglas, a town of Conneflicut. Douglafs, in Cork, Munfter. Here is a manulafture of fail-cloth; it is 126 miles from Dublin. Douglas Bridge, in Tyrone, Ulder. Doulogh 1 s, St . miles from Dublin. Doulton y Devonf. between the Towvidge and King’s Afhe. Dounley, Suffex, N. of Chicheder. Dovole, a river in Northumb. running into the Tyne by Dildon. Dourak, a town of Chufiftan, Perfia, feated near the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris, and remarkable for growing reeds, of which pens are made. Dourdan, a town in the dept, of Seine and Oife, with a manufactory of filk. and worded dockings. It is leated on the river Orge, 25 milts SW. of Paris. Dourlach, DOW DOW Dourlach, a town of Suabia, capital of the margravate of Baden Dourlach. It is feated on the Gieflen, 12 miles S. of Philipfburg. Dourlens, or Doulens, a town in the dept, of Somme, feated on the river Authie, 15 miles N. of Amiens. Douro, oi - Duero, a river which rifes near Agreda, in Old Caftile, and parting through Leon and Portugal, falls into the ocean at Oporto. Doutbwaite, Comb, between Kefwick and the Ullefwater. Do'vy, or Tavy, a river in Merionerhf. Montgomery!, and Cardigan!', dividing N. from S. Wales, and running into, the Irifh Channel at Aberdawy. Dow , a river in Yorkf. which runs into the Hodgebrook, near Edfton. Doward Hill , Heref. in Whitchurch pa- rifh. Dowbridge, Northamp. where the Avon enters Warwickfhire. Dowdfwell, Glouc. at the fource of the Chilt, 9 miles NE. of Gloucefter. Dowdfwell, Upper , Glouc t> on the edge of the Cotel’wolci Hills, 12 miles from Gloucefter. Dowerjield , Dorfetf. between E. Baglake and Long- bridge. Dawes Amney , Glouc. 2 miles from Cricklade. Dowefby, Line. NE. of Fokinghant. Dowefdale , Line, between Croyland and Wifbeach. Dodvglas, Lane. NW. of Wigan, on a river of the fame name, which runs into the Ribble. Dowlas Head , a promontory on the coaft of Kerry, Munfter. Near it are fe- veral large caves, one of which has it’s entrance io low as hardly to admit of a boat with a man ftanding up in it; bur, further in, the roof is as high as that of a Gothic cathedral; and, when a perfon fpeaks in it, the voice is fo reverberated from the Tides and top as to make a very loud noi!e. Dowlatabad, a town and fortrefs in the Deccan of Hintlooftan, 15 miles from Aurangabad, which is the capital of the province of Dowlatabad, or Amednagur. Near it are the pagodas of Eilora, molt of which are cut out of the natural rock. For 2 leagues together little is to be feen but pagodas; in which are thoufands of figures, which appear, from their l'culp- ture, to be of early Hindoo origin. Lat. 19. 55. N. Ion. 76. o. E. Dowles , Shropf. NW. of Bewdley. Down, a large, rich, and populous county of Uifter, in Ireland, about 40 miles in length, and 27 in breadth, con- taining 72 panflies. It is bounded on the W. by Armagh ; on the NW. by An- trim ; on the S. by Carlingford Bay and Louth ; it’s other borders are bounded by the Bay of Carrickfergus and the Info Channel. The number of houfes comput- ed at 36,636, and of inhabitants at 204.500. It is a fertile country, though partly en- cumbered by bogs. It abounds in bleach greens, and is full of neat habitations, with an orchard to alinoft every cottage. In the rougher parts of the country, they breed a great number of horfes. There is a canal from Newry to the South Bann, and fo into Lough Neagh. From this lake to Belfaft," another canal has been lately cut, at the expence of the marquis of Bel- faft ; and the river Lagan, which feparate3 Down from Antrim, is alfo made naviga- ble. It’s trade, in the linen manufacture, is averaged at 151,9601. annually. It’s chief town is Downpatrick ; a fmall town, with a linen manufa'Cture, near which are the remains of an old cathedral, remark- able for the tomb of St. Patrick, the founder. It is feated at the SE. corner of Lougrh Coin, on the river Newfy, 7 miles W. of Strangford Bay, and 74 NE. of Dublin. Down, a village in Pertbfliire. Downderry , in Cork, Munfter. Dow- neen , in Cork, Munfter; here and at Tra- long, about a mile W. of Roflcai berry, are two remarkable apertuies" in the ground, 80 yards deep, and each about 300 yards from the cliffs, in both which the fea flows by fubterraneous paflages. Thefe cavities are called E. and W . Poo- lad uff. Downe, Kent, between Wefterham and Bromley. Downe, Eflex, between Har- low and Hatfield Broad Oak. Downe End, Somerl’etftiire, NE. of Bridgewater. Down End , Gloucef. in Forthampton pa- rifli. Down End , Gloucef. in Mangotf- field parifh. Down , Small , Kent, N. of? Sandown Caftle. Downe , St. Mary, De- vonf. near Exeter. Downgate Rock , in Tyrone, Ulrter, 108 miles from Dublin. Downhills, in Ar- magh, Uifter, 1 17 miles from Dublin. * Downham Market, a town of Norfolk, noted for the great quantities of butter that are brought hitljei, and fent to Cambridge up the Oufe, whence it is con- veyed in the Cambridge waggons to Lon- don, and generally known there by the name of Cambridge butter. It is feated on the river Oufe, 11 miles nearly S. of Lynn, and 86 N. by E. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Downham , Camb. near Ely. Down- ham , Eflex, NE. of Billericay. Down- ham, Lancaf. S. of Gifborn. Downham , SufF. NE. of Brandon. Downham, Yorkf. N. Riding, SE. of Richmond. Down - har/t, Nortiiumb. S f ol Warkc?ftie, Down- D R A ySy, Shropf between Purflow and Bilhop’s Cattle . Down Hatherley, 4 miles fiom .Glouccfter. Down Hujband, Hants, 2 miles from Andover. Downiand , Dcvonf. between Hatherly and King's Afhe. Downpatrick. See Down. Downs, in Wicklow, Leinfter. Downs, The, a road on the coaft of JCent, about 6 miles long, between the N. and S. Foreland, where fleets frequently rendezvous. See Goodwin Sands. Downs Hay , Dorietf. in Purbeck Ifle, near Worth and Afflington. jDownton, a town of Wilts/ with a trade In malting, paper- making, tanning, and lace-making. It is feared on the river Avon, 6 miles SE. of S.difbury, and 84 WSW. of London. Market on Friday, Downton, Hereford!'. W. of Ringwood Cha e. Downton , Shropf. E. of Shrewf- bury. Downton, Stiff, between Wollav- ington and'B rlavington. Dowre, Heref. on the river Droyer. Dowcrijh , Devonf. N. of Crediton. Doxford , Northurrb, near Dunflaburgh Calf le. Doynton , Glouc. W. of Marfhfield. Dracot, Staff, between Cheadle and Uttoxeter. Dracot , Oxford!', between Tame and Oxford. Dragon Hill, Berks, near Afhbury Park. Dragonera, a town of Capiranata, Naples; and a fmall, uncultivated ifland, near the W. coaft of Majorca. Draguignan, a town in the dept, of Var, containing about 9000 inhabitants. It is 12 miles nearly N. of Frejus. Drakelow , Derb. on the Trent, near Burton. Drakenedge , Warw. in Nether Whitacre. Dras. See Darah. Draton , Shropf. E. of Piiors Leigh. Draton , Shropf. N. of A6ton Burnel. Drave, a conflderable river which rifes in the Tirol, on the confines of Saltzburg, and eroding Carinthia, and feparating Hungary from Croatia and the NW. part of Sclavonia, falls into the Danube, about 16 miles below Elfeck. Draughton , Northamp. W. of Ketter- ing. Draughton , Yorkf. W. . Riding, near Skiprori upon Craven'. Drawdykes , Cumb. between Stanwyke and Rawcliff. Drax, Yorkf. W. Priding, SE. of Bar- nefley. Drax , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Snaith. Dr ay cot, Wilts, between Pewfey and Martenlali Hill. Draycot , Wilts, N. of Chippenham. Draycot , Wilts, W. of Aldburn Chafe. Draycot, Wcrcef. near Campden. * Drayton, a town ©f Shropfhire, feated on the river Tern, a part of which ferves as a boundary between this county 1 and Staffordshire, 17 miles NE. of Shrewl- D R I bury, and 154 NW. of London. Market on Weclnefday. Drayton , Leic. SE. of Hallaton. Dray - ton , Berks, near Abingdon. Drayton , Warwick!'. W. of Stratford upon Avon. Drayton, Norf. NW. of Norwich. Dray- ton, Northamptonf. NW. of Thrapfton. Drayton , Oxf. NW. of Banbury. Dray- ton, Oxt. N. of Dorchefter. Drayton, Midd. between Cafilebear and Han well. Drayton , Hants, near Portfmouth. Dray- ton, Staff, near Penkridge. Drayton Baf- fet, Staffordf. near Tamworth. ' Drayton Beauchamp , Bucks, rear Tring. Dray- ion , Dry, 5 miles from Cambridge. Dray- ton, Eafi, Midd. near Han well. Drayton , Eajl, Nott. between Tuxford and Trif- well. Drayton Fenny , Leic. SW. of Bof- worth. Drayfon Fenny, Camb. SE. of St. Ives. Drayton Parjlow , Bucks, between Window and Woburn. Drayton , Wejf, Midd. near Cowley. Drayton , IVefi., Nott. NW. of Tuxford. Drenford, Hants, near Bilhop’s Waltham. Dresden, capital of the elt&orate of Saxony, and one of the handfomeft cities in Germany. It is fituated at the conflux of the rivers Elbe and Weferitz, and di- vided into the Old and New Town, which ate joined together by a bridge, 685 paces long, and Frederickftadt, Old Drefden, or Neuftadt, owes it’s origin to a chateau built by Charlemagne, in 808. The houfes are built of freeftone, and generally of the fame height ; the ftreets are broad and well paved, the fquares fpacicus, and the palaces.and public buildings elegant and numerous. Here are extenfive bar- racks, the menagerie, china tnanufaft ure. See. The library, cabinets, gardens, &c. of the elector are extenfive and curious. Here is alfo a college^ or univerfity. Lat. 51. 10. N. Ion. 13. 50. E. Dreux, a town in the dept, of Eure and Loir, which has a confiderable manu- facture in cloth for the army. It is feat- ed on the river Blaife, 48 miles WSW. of’ Paris. Driheck , Weftmorland, S. of Appleby. Driby, Line, near Wainfleet. Driffiew , Cornw. SW. of Penzance. Driessen, or Dresno, a town of Brandenburg, in the- New Marche, feated on the Warta, 20 miles NNE. of Schwerin. Driffield. Great and idttle, Yorkf. E. Riding, 6 miles from KLilham, in the road, from Beverley. Driffields Glouc. 4 miles SE. of Ciren teller. Drigg, Cumb. NW. of Ravenglafs. Drighlington, Yorkf. 4 miles from Leeds. Drimbar, in Antrim, Ulfter. Drimo • league, in Cork, Munfter, P DriNj D R O DniN, a river which rifes in t’ne SW , part of Servia, and running from S. to N. difeharges itielf into the Save, 32 miles W. of Sabatz. Dringboufe, in the fuburbs of York. Dringo, Yorkf. near On ram, in Holder- nefs. Dringfton, Suffolk, near Wulpet. Dringtan , Dorf. in Broad Windfor. Drino, Bianca, or White, and Drino, Nero, or Black, two rivers of European Turkey, which rife on the bor- ders of Dalmatia, and uniting their dreams, fall into the Adriatic at the Gulf of Drino, about 8 miles SW. of Aleflio. * Drogheda, a large, populous, well- built, and increafing town of Louth, in Leinfter. It has an excellent harbour, and trades in Englifh coals, corn, and other heavy goods. It is feated on the Boyne, 5 miles W. of the Irifli Channel, and 23 N. of Dublin. Droitwich, a town of Worcefterfhire, feated on the river Salwarp, is of great note for it’s falt-pits, from which they ob- tain about 700,000 bufhels of fait annual- ly. A canal from *h en ce to the Severn, about 3 miles from Worcefter, was finifh- ed in 1771. It is 6 miles ENE. of Wor- cefter, and 118 WNW. of London. Mar- Let on Friday. Dromagh, and Drornalegue , in Cork, Munfter, Dromaragh , in Down, Uifter. Dromcajhel , in Louth, Leinfter. Drome, a dept, of France, fituated on the E. fide of the Rhone: it is fo called from a river of the fame name, which erodes it, and falls into the Rhone 1 1 miles S. ot Valence, the capital. Dromilly, in Armagh, Uifter. Dro tu- be sn, in Kerry, Munfter. Dromon , in Limerick, Munfter. Dromonby , Yoikf. N. Riding, S.. ot Stokeftey. *Dromore, a town of Down, in Ui- fter, Handing on both Tides of the river Lagan, over which there is a bridge. It is 66 miles from Dublin. Dromore, in Clare, Munfter. Dromore, in Sligo, Connaught. Dromore, in Ty- rone, Uifter. Dromy, in Cork, Munfter. Dronero, a tO'vn of Saluzzo, Pied- mont, feated on the Maira, over which is a bridge of prodigious height. Dron field, a town or Derbyfhire, fi- tuated among the mountains, at the edge ot the Peak, in a fine healthy air, 6 miles S. of Sheffield, and 155'NNW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Drontheim, a confiderable town of Norway, formerly it’s capital, and' the ufual refulence of it’s king's. It is now capital of a government of the Came name. D R U has a good harbour, well frequented, but not capable of receiving large veffels, on account of rocks at the entrance, and car- ries on a great trade. It is almoft fur- rounded by the fea and lofty mountains, and is fituated on a bay, to which it gives name, at the mouth of the Nidder, 27® miles NW. of Stockholm. Lat. 63. 26. N. Jon. 10. 38. E. Drontheim, a province of Norway, N. of Bergen, extending nearly 500 miles in length, along the coaft of the North Sea, and parted by mountains from Sweden. Drounuda.gr eejvn Cork, Munfter. Drowned Lands, a traft of country in the ftate of New York, W. of Hudfon’s River, in Orange County, on the borders of Jerfey. They contain 4-0 or 50,000 acres. The waters, which defeend from the furrounding hills, being ftowly dif- charged by the river into which they run, cover thefe meadows every winter, and render them extremely fertile ; but they expofe the inhabitants to intermittents. The river Wallkill, which paffes through this tradft, and falls into Hudfon River, is, in the fpring, plentifully ftored with large eels. Droxford, Hants, near Bdhop’s Wal- tham. Droylfden , Lane, near Manchefter. i Drum, in Monaghan, Uifter, between 2 fmall loughs. Drumadoon , in Antrim, Uifter. Drumahare , in Leitrim, Con- naught. Drumana , in Waterford, Mun- fter. Drumanagillibeg , in Cork, Munfter. DrumaJnanje, in Leinim, Connaught, 72 miles from Dublin. Drumbane , in Down, Uifter. Drumboe , a hill in D wn, Uifter. Drumbote, a town of Monaghan, in Uifter, about 10 miles. W. of Dundalk, j Dr a mb ruhe, ir. Meath, Leinfter. Drl/m- callagber , in Cork,. Munfter. Drumcan- non , in Waterford, Munfter. Drumcon- dra, in Cavan, Uifter. Drumcondra , within 2 miles NE. of Dublin. Drum - cong, in Galway, Connaught. DrujncuU lacker , in Limerick, Munfter. Drumdeer, in Cork, Munfter, near Donerailej here is a red and grey marble quarry. Drtim- glajs , in T yi one, Uifter, near Dungannon. Drumgoolan , in Down, Uifter. Drumi - rorky in Kerry, Munfter. Drumlagbded Hill, in Donegal, Uifter. Drumlanrig, a town of Dumfrief- - (hire, in the diftrift of Nithldale, remark- able for a wood of oak 6 miles in length. In the duke of Queenfberry’s park there yet remains a few of the wild cattle which anciently inhabited the woods of Scotland. They are milk white, except their noies, ears, and the orbits of their eyes, which are black. Their form is elegant, they have DUB have a fpirited wildnefs in their looks, and when they run, inftead of going in the clumfy cow gallop, they bound like deer. Drumlanrig is l'eated on the river Nith, n miles N. of Dumfries. Drumltjh , in Longford, Leinfter. Drum- loch , near Dromore, in Down, Ulller. Drummond , a village of Rofsfhire. Drummore Church , In Tyrone, Ulfter. Drummote and Drumod , in Leitrim, Con- naught, Drumquin , in Tyrone, inter. Drumjhan'bo and Drumfna, in Leitrim* Connaught. Drungand Hills ; fee CakiY- cananvay. Drunzvick. S uT. 5 miles SW. of Hor- (ham. Druriche , Northumb. E. of Wi- therington Cattle. Druryd, a river in Merionethshire, Drusenheim, a town in the dept, of the Lower Rhine, feated on the river Mo- ter, near it’s influx into the Rhine, 5 miles SE. ot Haguenau. Druses, a people of Syria, on the mountains Libanus and Antilibanus, go- verned by particular princes, called Emirs. They are very friendly to Europeans, worfhip the images of faints like Roman Catholics, yet obierve the fait ot Ramme- dan, and offer their devotions both in Ma- hometan molques and Chriftian churches. Some of them admit circumcifion, but others reject it. They are a flrong and rohufl people, of an active, enterprifing character, and accuftomed, from their in- fancy, to fatigues and hardfliips. Their language is pure Arabic. Drujlhwyn, Carmarthenf. Druxton, He- ref. between Morehampcon and Aconbury. Dublin, the capital of Ireland, in the county of the lame name, is a large, hand- fo me, and populous city, feated on the ri- ver Liffey, or Anna Liffey. The appear- ance of this metropolis, the Bay of Dublin, md the furrounding country, on approach - ng them from the lea, is grand and beau- ifu] 3 after palling the Ifle of Lambay, md that of Ireland’s Eye, which is l'mall, DUG ’eing a lofty and grotefque-lcoking rock, '•nd the craggy mountain, of Howth, in oming from the north 5 or, after palling, he rocky cliffs of Bray, in approaching rom the fouth, the extenfive Bay of Dub- :n opens on the view 5 on the left are feen lie hills and mountains of Wicklow; on he right, the gently riling fhores of Clon- irf ; the city, on a riling ground, at the rife out of the fea j from this, however, there is a broad and firm wall, or pier, nearly completed, reaching to Ringlend, to which the city is now nearly extended. On the N. fide of the wall is the harbour where veflels lie fafe at anchor with an open fea to the N. On the S. fide of the wall, near the town, are wharfs principal- ly ufed for bathing; and, between theie and the oppofite fhore- is an extenfive and fmooth flrand, which is dry at low water; there is a wharf alfo on the N. fide of the river, for the purpofe of bathing, and ele- gant baths on both fld.es of the water. From Ringfend upwards,* through the whole city, the river is embanked with quays on both Tides j as thefe are open nearly through their whole extent, they form beautiful walks of very extenfive range. The docks laid out on each fide of the river, are fufficiently capacious to hold feveral thousands of veffels. TliC ffreets of Dublin are pretty regular, and well paved, the fquares fpacious and ele- gant, and the o public buildings fuperb. The town is fupplied with water by means of pipes. A circular road, about 10 or 12 miles in length, encompaffes the city, and the country around it is pleafant. There is not yet in Ireland, as in Eng- land, a parochial provifion for the poor;- but the;:e are, throughout the country, in- ft itutions for their relief, fupported by vo- luntary contributions. Of this fort is the Houfe of Induftry in Dublin. The trade of Dublin is extenfive, and fince the eman- cipation of the country from the dominion, of Great Britain, it has increafed furprif- ingly, and is ftill improving; but the bar at the entrance of the harbour renders the approach of large veffels difficult and dan- gerous, Some improvements, however, are proje&ing to remedy this great defeat. Lat. 53. 23. N. Ion. 6. 17. W. Dublin, a county of Ireland, in Lein- fter, a 5 miles in length and 16 in breadth, bounded on the N. by Meath, on the E» by the Iiilh Channel, on the S. by Wick- low, and on the W. by Meath and Kil- dare. The foil is rich and fertile in com and pafture. It contains 107 parifhes, 20 of which are in the city of Dublinj 4 mar- ket towns, and about 26,000 houfes. Dublin, a town of N Carolina, Dubmill , Cumb. between Newton in Aniale and the fea. Duck Creek, a town in the ftate of Delaware, which Carries on a confiderable trade with Philadelphia. It is 12 miles NW. of Dover. Duckenfield, Chefh. near Afhton under Line. Ducklington, Oxf. SE. of Witney. Duckmanton, Derbyf. E, of Chefterneld. ? * Duckpoolf D U K Duckpool , Cornw. in the NW. Ducoats, Mid'd. W. of Tottenham High Crofs. Dudbridge, Glouc. in Stanley Kings pa- rifh. Dudcott j Berks, NW. of Walling- ford. Dudden^ Chefh. SE. of Tarven. Dudden } a river of Lane, running into the fea below Dauhon, at Dudden Sands, NW. of the coiinty. Duddlef Suflex, between Cuckfield and Afhdown Foreft. Dudley, a town of Worceilerflfire, in- fulated in Sraffordflfire, containing about 2000 families, moft of whom are employ- ed in the manufacture of nails and other ironwares. It is 10 miles W. of Bir- mingham, 1 6 E. of Bridgenorth, and 120 NW. of London. Market on Saturday. Dudman Point . Cornw. between Port- hilly and Portluny. Dudmajion , Sliropf. S. of Bridgenorth. Dudjlon, Warw. near Birmingham. Dudfwelly Herts, E. of Tring. DuerstedeWyck, a town of Utrecht. Dujjield , or Dunfield , on the Derwent, N. of Derby. Duffrin , Glamorganflfire. Duffritei Shropf. near Mafhbrook the Lower. Dufton> Weftm. N. of Appleby. Dufton, or Doughton , Gloucef. near Tet- bury. Dugdale , Warw. near Nuneaton. D uggleby , Yorkf. SE. of New Malton. Duisburg, a town of Cleves, Weft, phalia, with manufactures of iron and cloth. It is fituated near the E. bank of the Rhine, 14. miles N. of Dufleldorp. Duke of York’s Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, WNW. of the Ifles of Danger, E. of New Guinea, and N. of the Friendly Ifles, was dilcovered by Commo- dore Byron, in 1765. It is uninhabited, except by land-crabs and by fea- fowl, which laft were fo unacquainted with man, as not to fear any mifehief from him, per- mitting the feamen to ccjme fo near them as to knock them down. Lat. 8. o f S. Ion. 172. 30. W. Duke of York’s Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, between Lord Howe’s Group and the SE. point of New Ireland, is about 10 miles long, of moderate height, and flat, and fo fertile as to reprefent a perfeCl garden. The huts of the natives are made of bamboo, with fences before them, within which the ground is well cleared and trodden. In thefe inclofures, the plantain, banana, yam, fugar-catie, & c. are cultivated : befide thefe, the ifland pro- duces beetle- nuts, mangoes, bread- fruit, guavas, and fome nutmeg-trees. The animals are dogs, hogs, and poultry. The natives are’flout, of a iight copper colour, and go without clothes: none are feen with their hair of it’s natural colour j they irefs'ii with greai'e and powder. They BUM chew the beetle*, and ufe it with the chenan i and a leaf, as pra&ifed in the E. Indies, by which their mouths appear red, and their teeth, in time, become black. The only mufical inftrument among them is competed of feveral hollow reeds, of dif- ferent lengths, faftened together, like the fyrinx of the ancients. Their canoes are neatly made, and have an outrigger. Lat. 4. 7. S. Ion. 1 52. 42. E. Dukepuip Northumb. SW. of Hexham. DukeSt Eflex, NE. of Great Braxfed. Du * las , on the NE. fide of the Ifle of Angle- fey, on a bay and river of the fame name, is much frequented on account of the corn and butter trade. Near it is a red, ochery earth, fit for painting, and veins of lead ochre, and upon all the coaft they make fern afhes. Dulas , the name of feveral rivers in Wales 3 two of Carmarthenflfire 3 one of Brecknockf. one of Radnorf. two of Montgomeryf. and one of the Ifle of Anglefey. Dulderstadt, a town of Brunfwick, feated on the Wipper, 15 miles E. of Gottingen. It is fubjeCl to the eleCfor of Mentz. Duleek, a town of Meath, in Leinfter, about 4 miles S. of Drogheda, and 20 from Dublin. Didlingham , 1 3 miles from Cambridge, SE. of Newmarket Heath. Dulmen, a town in Munfter, Wefi> phalia. Dulo , Cornw. N. of Eaft Looe. DuU Staff. NW. of Cheadle. DuLVERTON,a town of Somerfet Afire, with a manufacture of coarfe woollen cloth and blankets. It is feated on the Dunf-, brook, near it’s fall into the Exe, 24 miles '< SE. of Barnflaple, and 164 W. by S. of- London. Market on Saturday. Duhvicb , Surry, in the parifh of Cam- berwell, 5 miles S. of London. Here is a' college endowed for a mafter and warden, 1 4. fellows, 6 poor men, 6 poor women, and 12 poor boys. It was founded by Edward Alleyn, a comedian in Elizabeth’s reign, in fulfilment, as it is laid, of a vow he had made on receiving a fright in perfonating J one of Shakefpear’s devils. Dumbarny, a parifh of Perthfhire. Dumbartonshire, anciently Len- nox, a county of Scotland, bounded on j the W. by Argylefhire and Loch Leung; j on the N. by Argylefhire and Perthfhire j cn the E. by Perthfhire and St irlingfhire } and on the S. by the counties of Lanerk j and Renfrew. It’s greateft length is 45 < miles, it’s breadth from 6 to 15. The W. part of this county abounds with mo- | raffes ; in other parts it is fertile in corn DUN and paftures ; but the principal riches arife from the fiflieries in the lochs in and about it’s coafts. The principal of thefeis Loch Fomond. It’s capital, * Dumbarton, is a J-arg°, ancient town, containing about 2000 inhabitants. It’s principal manufa£lure is crown and bottle glafs, but many of the young wo- men are employed in the neighbouring print fields, on the banks of the Leven. Ciofe to the river, is a caftle built on a vaft rock, formerly deemed impregnable. This town was erefted into a royal burgh by king Alexander II. in 1221. About sooo tons of (hipping belong to this place, which has a harbour for large brigs, le- cure in all weathers. It isfituated at the confluence of the rivers Leven and Clyde, 15 miles NW, of Glafgow. Dumbarton, a town of New Hamp- fijire. Dumblain, 3 town and pariihof Perth- (hire, 4. miles N. of Stirling. Dumbleton , Glouc. near Bekeford. Dumfriesshire, a county of Scot- land, bounded on the W. by the counties of Kirkcudbright and Ayr; on the N. by the (hires of Lanerk, Peebles, and Selkirk ; on the NE. and E. by thofe of Selkirk and Rpxburgh ; and on the S. by Solway Frith and a part of Cumberland. It is abouU 50 miles in length, and from 10 to 30 broad. It comprehends the dilfriCts of Annandale, Nithfdale, and Efkdale, The capital of the county is * Dumfries, a well-built town, fur- rounded on all fides, at the diftance or a few miles, by a continued chain of hills, forming, altogether, one of the grandeft, natural amphitheatres in Britain. The number of inhabitants, at an enumeration lately taken, was 5600. They have 8 or 10 coafting veffels, and 2 or 3 employed in the Baltic and wine trades. It is feat- ed on the river Nith, 8 miles N. of Solway Frith, and 53 SSW. of Edinburgh. Dumfries, a town of Prince William County, Virginia. Dun , a lake of Ayrfhire, and a parifh in Angusfhire. Dunacombe , Cornw. NE. of Duckpool. Dunald Mill Hole , a curious, fubterranean paffage, 5 miles from Lancafter, through which a large brook paffes for about 2 miles, and appears again at Carnford. Dunaghy, in Tyrone, Uifter, 78 miles from Dublin : here is a celebrated fpa. Dunamafe , a large and lofty rock, on the plain of Maryborough, affording pafture to (beep. Dunamona, in Mayo, Connaught. *Dunba-R, a well-built town of Had- dingtonfhire, with a good harbour, and DUN about 18 veffels employed in the coafting and foreign trade, befides 12 fifhing boats. This town trades largely in malt and grain. Under the fbek, on which are the ruins of a caftle, are two natural arches, through which the ride flows; and here are vaft bafaltic columns of red grit ftones. Ii is 25 miles E. of Edinburgh. Dunbeatb , a river in Caithnefs* Dunboyne, in Meath, Leinfter. Duncannon, a town and fort of Wex- ford, in Leinfter, on the E coaft of Wa- terford Harbour, S miles ESE. of Water- ford. Dunchidiock, Devon f. near Duddefcomb Leigh. Dunchurch, Warw. 3 miles from Hilimorton. Dunclent , Wore, near Kid- denninfter. Duncormack, in Wexford, Leinfter, # Dundalk, a fea-portand aflize-town of Louth, in Leinfter. It confifts of a wide ftreet, nearly a mile long, and fome crofs lanes ; has a good market-houfe, and carries on a manufa&ure of muflins, linens, and cambrics. It is molt advan- tageoufly fituated for an extenfive inland trade, and the port is very fafe for (hip- ping. The bay, aifo, has good moorings, and abounds with fi(h. Dundalk is 18 miles N. of Drogheda, and 40 of Dublin. * Dundee, a large and ftourifhing town in the (hire of Angus, with manufa£htres of glafs, coarfe linen, faii-cloth, cordage, coloured and white thread, buckram, tan- ned leather, (bees, and hats ; and he-re is alfo a fugar-houfe, The houfes are built of (tone, generally three or four ftories high ; and uhe principal ftreets, with a number of leffer ones, are all paved in the beft manner. Trading veffels of the largeft burden can get into the harbour, which is fafe, commodious, and of eafy accefs, with broad, extenfive piers, well adapted for the purposes of loading and difebarging veffels; and there is good room on tJie quay for (hip-building, which is carried on here to a large extent. In the year 1792, there were 116 veffels belonging to the port, na- vigated b} r 69.8 men : of thefe, 34 were employed in the foreign, and 78 in the coafting trade, with 4 in the whale fiihery. The inhabitants are computed at 20,000. Dundee is lituated on the N. fide of the Frith of Tay, 14 miles NW. of St. An- drews, and 30 N. of Edinburgh. Dundel , Herts, near Tring. Dundene , Somerf. near Sedgemoor. Dunderow, in Cork, Munfter. Dundonald, a parifh in Ayrfhire. Dundrum , and it’s Bay, in Dowd, Ui- fter. Dundrum , in Tipperary, Munfter- Dundrum , 3 miles SE, of Dublin. P 3 Dun dry t DUN Dundry, Somerf. SW. of Briftol. Duneburg, a town of Livonia, feated ©n the Dwina, 90 miles SE. of Riga. Dune gal, a fruitful illand in the Bay of Baltimore, in Cork, Munfter. Dunelong , in Tyrone, Ulfter. Dunfanahy , in Done- gal, Ulfter. Dunee , Northumb. near Berwick. * Dunfermline, a town and parifh of Fifefhire, with a manufacture of linen, particularly diapers. Here are the remains of a magnificent abbey and palace, in which Charles I. king of England, and the Princefs Elizabeth his filter, mother of the Princefs Sophia, were born. The church was the burial-place of feveral Scottifh monarchs. It is feated on a hill, commanding a molt beautiful and extenfive profpeCt of a part of 14. different counries, 35 miles NW. of Edinburgh. Dunfield, N. of Derby, on the Derwent. Dunford , Upper and Lower, York!’. SE. of Boroughbridge. Dunford , S miles from Cambridge. * Dungannon, an ancient town of Tyrone, in Ulfter, near which are coal mines. It is feated on a hill, 11 miles N. of Armagh, and 72 NW. of Dublin. *Dungarvon, a tolerably well-built town in Waterford, Munfter. It has a good market and feflion houfe, and an aqueduct has been conftruCted here, by parliamentary encouragement, for {upply- ing the town with frefh water, which is brought from the river Phynifk, at the dif- tance of l'ome miles. It fupplies Dublin with filh and great quantities of potatoes. It is feated on Dungarvon Bay, with a commodious harbour, 21 miles WSW. of Waterford. Dungeness, a promontory of Kent, 8 miles S. by W. of Romney. Lat. 50. 54. N. Ion. 1.4. E. Dungivin, in Derry, Ulfter. Dungledy , or Dowgleedy , a river in Pembrokefhire. Dunglo. in Donegal, Ulfter. Du?igum, a river in Montgomerylhire. Dunham, Nott. on the Trent, near Nor- manton. Dunham, Great and Little , Norf. NE. of Swaffham. Dunham on the Hill , Chefh. W. of Dclamere Foreft. Dunham Maffey, Chefh. on the Merfey, 3 miles from Warrington. Dunhead , Wilts, near Shafton. Dunholm, £Jott. 6 miles from T uxford. Dunholm , between Lincoln and Market Raiiin. Duniet, SomerL SW. of Nony Caftie. Dunington , Berks, N. of Spinham Land, on the rivulet Lambourn. Dunington , Northumb. E. of Eland Hall. Dunipace , a piCturefque fpot on the ri- ver Carron, in Scotland. DUN Dunkanally , in Donegal, Ulfter. * Dunkeld, a town of Perthftiire, fitu- ated arnid romantic rocks and woods, un- der which rolls the majefticTay, 10 miles nearly N. of Perth. It is much reforted to in the fummer months, for the benefit of goats’ whey. It is the market town of the Highlands on that fide, and cariies on a manufacture of linen. The duke of Athol has a beautiful modern feat here. Dunkerrin, in King’s County, Leinfter. Dunkerron , in Kerry, Munfter. Dunkerton , Somerf. near Bath. Dunkef- well , Devonf. S. of Columftock. Dunk- field , Northumb. S. of Hexham. Dunlin - haigh ■ Lane. NE. of Blackburn. Dun- kirk, Herts, W. of St. Alban’s. Dunkirk, aconfiderableand important maritime town of France, in the diftriCt of Bergues, and dept, of the North, con- taining about 80,000 inhabitants. By means of a fluice, 42 feet wide, the b on within tlie town 'will hold 40 fhips of the line always floating. It is 22 miles SW, of Offend. Lat. 51. 2. N. Ion. 2. 28. E. Dunklyn, Wore. E. of Kidberminfter. Dunlavin, a town of Wicklow, in Leinfter, which has an elegant market- houfe and ftores. It is 20 miles W. of Wicklow, and 22 from Dublin. * Dunleary, a fea-port on the S. fide of the Bay of Dublin, 5 miles from the city. Dunleck?iey , in Carlow, Leinfter. * Dun leer, a town of Louth, in Lein- fter, 6 miles N. of Drogheda, and 30 from Dublin. Dun le Roi, a fmall town in the dept, of Cher, feated on the Auron, 17 miles SSE. of Bourges. Dunlejlrire, Northumb. near Selkirk. Dunlop , a village and parilb of Ayrfhlre, celebrated for rich and delicate cheefe. Dunlow , in Galway, Connaught. Dun- luce , in Antrim, Ulfter. Dunmaeree in Mayo, Connaught. Dunmanway , a vil- lage, in Cork, Munfter, 12 milts W. of Bandon, where the linen manufacture is carried on. Dunmanus, a large, deep bay, on the SW. coaft of Ireland, feparated from that j of Bantry by a narrow point of land. It is very tafy to enter, and very fafe when entered, yet there are no inhabitants near it to give it importance. It’s mouth, or entrance, lies in lat. 51. 20. N. Ion. 9. 42. W. Dunmore , in Galway, Connaught. Dun- more Heady in Kerry, Munfter, the moft weftern point of Europe. Dunmore Cave, in Kilkenny, Leinfter, contains a number of figures of acryftalline fubftance fcarcely DUN fcarcely lefs curious than thofe of Anti- jjaros. *Dunmow, Great, a town of Eflex, with a manufacture of baize. In the reign of Henry III. the Lord Fit2walter infti- tuted a cuftom here, which is ftill the te- nure of the manor, that whatever married man did not repent of his marriage, or quarrel with his wife, in a year and a day afterwards, fhould go to the priory, and receive from the lord a gammon, or flitch of bacon, provided he fwcre to the truth of it. Some old records here, mention fe- veral. that have claimed and received this reward : and it has been received fo lately as flnce the year 1750, by a weaver and his wife, of Coggefhall. It has been de- ?nanded more recently, but the demand is now evaded, from the ceremony being at- tended with confiderable expence to the lord of the -manor. It is fityated on the Cheimer, 13 miles N. of Chelmsford, and 40 NE. of London. Market on Satur- day. Dunmow, Little , E. of Great Dunmow. Dunnemanagh , in Tyrone, Ulfter. Dun net, a town of Caithness. Dunningley, Yorkf. NW. of Wakefield. Dunnington, a dirty, ill-built town of Lincolnfhire, noted for a large trade iu hemp and hempfeed j it is alio a port for barges, by which goods are conveyed to Bolton and the^Wafhes. It is 11 miles WS W. of Bofton, and in N. of London. Market on Saturday. Dunnington, Cafle and Park, Leic. by the Trenr, in the moft northern borders of the county, and 7 miles from Derby. Dunnington, Hercf. S. of Ledbury. Dun- nington, Shropf. W. of Wrekin Hill. Dunnington, Shropf. E. of Brofeley. Dun- ningion, Yorkf, in Holdernefs. Dunning- ton, Sufi'. 4 miles from Chicheiter. Dun- nington upon Bane, Line, between Wrag- by and Louth. Dunningworth , Suft'. SW. of Sixmundham. Dunny, Glouc. in Mi- niiterworth parifli. Dunnose, a cape on the SE. part of the Ifle of Wight. Lat. 50. 33. N. Ion, 1. 1 1 . V/. Dunncter,' or Dundy r, a village of Kin - cardinefhire, near which are the remains of a caftle, fituated on a perpendicular rock, near the fea, level on the top, and feveral acres in extent, and almoft feparated from the land by a very deep chafm. By this romantic lituation, it forms one of the moft majeftic ruins in the kingdom. Dunraven Houfe, Glamorgan!, ftands on a high rocky headland, projecting a confi- derable diftance into the fea, many parts of which have the appearance of religious DUN antiquity, rather than of a caftle. It is 9 miles SE. of Cowbridge. Dunrobinddafle, in Sutherland, the feat of the countefs of Sutherland, on an emi- nence near the fea, 15 miles nearly N. of Cromarty. Dunjhorn Abbots, Glcucef. N- of Ciren- cefter. Dunjhorn Roufe, Glouc. S. of Ci- renceftcr. Dunjbrook, a rrver in Devonf. Dunjby, Line. SE. of Felkingham. Dunf- by Hall, Line. 3 miles NW. of Sleaford 5 here are chalybeate fprings, Diufden, Oxf. a hamlet of Binfield. *Dunse, a town in Berwickftiire, with a good market, and 4 confiderable fairs for horfes, flieep, and black cattle, iu March, June, Auguft", and November. It is fituated between the forks of the rivers Blackadder and Whifeadder, 12 miles W. of Berwick upon Tweed. Dunsfold, Stjrry, E. of Hademere. Dunsford , Devonf. between Bifhop’s Che- riton.and Doddefcomb Leigh. Dunsford , Upper and Lower, Yorkf. W. Riding, SE. of Boroughbridge. *Dunskaglin, a town in Meath, Leinfter, 14 miles from Dublin. Dunfink , miles W. of Dublin. On a rifing ground here, is an aftronomical obfervatory pertaining to the college of Dublin. Dunfmore , a river of Staff, running into the Churnet at Leek. Dunfand, Devonf. W. of Black Torrmgton. Dunfey , Yorkf. near Whitby. Dunjiey, Herts, near Bei k- hamfted. Dunfey Nether , Durh. SE. of Darlington, and W. of the Tees, oppo- site to Dunfey Over, Yorkf. which is E. of the Tees, Dunfmore Heath , Warw. between Coventry and Daventry. *Dunstaele, a populous town of Bedrordfhire, with feveral good inns* as it is a great thoroughfare, ftanding on the great road between Lo'ndon and the N. and NW. counties. It is noted for ele- gant bafkets, hats, &c. made of draw, which are confiderable, and even articles of exportation. The larks taken here- abouts, are faid to be thelargeft and belt in the kingdom. It is feated on a dry, chalky eminence, near the Chiltern Hills, 1 7 miles nearly S. of Bedford, and 34 NNW. of London. Market qn Wcdnel'day. Dun fable. Staff. W. of Burton upon Trent. Dunster, a town of Somerfetfhire, confiding of about 400 houfes, with a ma- nufacture of kerfeys. It ftands on a low ground, 20 miles NW. of Taunton, and 158 NW. of London. Market on Friday. Dunfon, Staff. N. of Penkridge. Dun - fan, Derby f, NW. of Chdter field. Dun - P 4 fon t D U R Jlon, SE. of Lincoln. Dunfcon, S. of Nor- wich. Dunfon, Noi thumb, on the Tyne, in Embleton parifli. Dunfon , Northumb. near Dunftaburgh Caftle. Dunfton , Staff, between Checklty and Ellafton. Dunfon, Weftmorl. N. of Appleby. Dunterley , Northumb. S. of the Tyne, near Lee Hall. Vunterton , Devonf. between Milton Ab- bey and Launcefton. Duntejbourn Abbots, Duntejbourn Rous , and Duntejbourn Lyre , 3 adjacent parilhes, about 12 miles from Gloucefler. Duniijbe , Dorfetf. 1 mile N. of Buckland Abbas. Dunton , Bcdf. SE. of Bigglefwade. Dunton , Bucks, SE. of 'Winflow. Dunton , Effex, NW, of Horn- don. Dunton , Warwickf. N. of Coltlhill. Dunton , Norf. NW. of Fakenham. Dun- ton Bajfet , Leic. near Lutterworth. Du- num, Northumb. in Wark barony. Dun - rutile, Glouc. in Kempford pari flu Du N WiCH, an ancient town of Suffolk, feated on the top of a loofe cliff. It was once large and populous, and an epifcopal fee, but here are now only the remains of a town, all but two parifhes being fwal- lowed up by the fea. The principal bufi- nefs here is fifhing for herrings, mackarel, Sic. It is 24 miles S. of Yarmouth, and 99 NE. of London. Market on Satur- day. Durance, a river of France, which rifes on the borders of Piedmont, paffes by or near Embrun, Peruws, Cavailion, Sic. and falls into the Rhone a little below Avignon. Durance, Midd. between Enfield and Waltham Chafe. Durango, a town of Bifcay, about 12 miles E. of Bilboa; and a town of New Bifcay, in Mexico. Durazzo, anciently Dyrrachium, a fea- port town, the capital of Albania, ftrong and populous, with a good harbour. Lat. 41 . 42. N. Durbuy, a town and county of Lux- emburg, on the river Ourte. Durckeim, a town in Linange, circle of the Upper Rhine, 14 miles W. of Man- heim. Durdans , Surry, 1 mile from Epfom. Durdkam Donxms,, Giouc. adjoining Clif- ton and Briftol Hot- wells ; remarkable for the falubrity of their air, and for beautiful profpefts. Duren, a town of Juliet s, Weftphalia, withes manufacture of clo’h. Durford , Suffex, W. of Midlun ft. Durham, a county palatine of Eng- land, bounded on the W. by Cumberlaad and Wcftmorland; on the N. by North- umberland ; on the E. by the German Ocean j and on the S. by Yorklhire. It DUS is divided into 4 wards, which contain t city, 8 market towns, 113 parifhes, and about 100,000 inhabitants. It is 42 miles in length, from E. to W. and 32 in breadth from N. to S. The bifhop is a temporal prince, being earl of Sad berg in this coun- ty, and fheriff paramount, as alfo perpe- tual juftice of peace within his territories. He fits as chief in the courts of judicature, thofe of affize not excepted ; and even when judgment of blood is given. The weftern fide of the county is mountainous, while the eaffern and fouthern are fruitful in corn and pafture, and enjoy a milder air. Here are manuiaCtories of tammies, car- pets, fail-cloths, fteel, glafs, paper, iron . founderies, and immenTe mines of coal, lead, grind ftones, and iron. The princi- pal rivtrs are the Wear, Tees, Tyne, and Derwent. * Durham, the capital of the county of Durham, is an ancient city, fituated oh 7 hills, and Unrounded by. others more lofty, in a beautiful winding of the river Wear, Here are pleafant walks along the banks of the river, which are covered with woods, and edged with lofty crags. Around it are grown large quantities of the beft moftard. Durham is 14 miles S, ‘ of Newcaftle,- and 257 N. by W. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Durham, a town of Connecticut j and 2 towns of New Hampfhire, Durham , or Dyrham, Gloucef. 5 miles . from Chipping Sudbury. Durhams, Midd. 2 miles N. of Chipping Barnet. Durlay , So merle tf. SW. of Bridgewater. Durley , Hants, SW. of Bifhop’s Waltham. Durf- land Bay, Dorfetf. on the ,SE. coalt of Purbeck Ille. Durnford , Dorfets. in Pur- beck Kle. Durnford, Wilts, S. of Amef- bury. Durnhall, Chrih. near Middlewich. Durpit Chapel , Durh. between Newbiggen and Teeldale Foreft. Durrington , Wilts, 2 miles from Amelbury. Durrington, Line, near Bloxham. Durronv , in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Dur~ fey If and, off the coalt of Cork, M uniter. Dursley, a town of GlouceJierfhire, with a manufacture of broad cloth. The manufacture of cards for clothiers has been long fettled here. It is feated on a branch of the Severn, 13 miles SW. of Gloucef- ter, and 107 W. of London. Market on Thurlday. Durfon, Somerfetf. NE. of Taunton. Durtreburn, Northumb. N. of Otierburri, Durnuefon, Dorfetf. 3 miles N. of Bland- ford. Dusseldorf, a city of Berg, Weft phalia, containing about 10,000 inhabit- ants. It is fituated on the river Duffel, at D W I at it’s confluence with the Rhine, 20 miles NNW. of Cologn. Dufion, W. of Northampton. Dnjlon, Weltm. NE, of Appleby. Butlingen, a town of Suabia, Dutton Chefh.on the Wecver, NW. of Norihwich. Dutton Duxbury, Lane, near Choi ley. Dutton Hall , ElTex, near Dunmow. Dltveland, an ifland of Zealand, in the United Provinces. Dwina, a river of the Ruffian empire, which rifes in the government of Vologda, and falls into the White Sea at Archangel, which town is the capital of the province of Dwina. Dwina, or Duna, a river which rifes in the province of Plkov, Ruffia, and falls into the Baltic below Riga, fn 1773, it was the boundary between Ruflia and Po- land. D Y Z j Dyko, SufTex, W. of Haylfham. Dym*. mock, Gloucel. NW. of Newent. Dyne hill , N. o! Hereford. Dynehop Chapel , Shropft, SE. of A6fon Scot. Dyne's Hall , Effex, near the Walthams. Dynton , Bucks, 3 miles from Thame and Aylefbury. Dyon, in Tyrone, Ulfter. *pYSART. a town of Fifefhire, with a very ancieut church, faid to have been built by the Pi&s. This town employs 23 fquare-rigged veflcls and 2 (loops, in carrying coals, and importing wood, to and from Dantzick, Denmark., Rotterdam, &c. It is fltuated on the N. coaft of the Forth, 11 miles N. of Edinburgh- Dyfeworib, Leic. SE. of Dunnington. Dytton, Priors , Shropf. N. of Brown Clee Hill. Dyzctrdj Cornw, NE. of Rottreau* Caftle, E A S JjAGLE, SW. of Lincoln. Eaglesjieldy +~ J Cumb. 2 miles S. of Ccckermouth. Eagle's Nejly a romantic (pot between the upper and middle Lakes of Killarney, in Kerry, Munfter. Eagle~JUQod, Cumber!, between Penrith and Carlille. Eaglenvood, Surry, a pond of 25 acres, in the parifh of Newdigate. Ealand, Lincoln!', in the I fie of Axholm. Eardington , Shropfhire, S. of Bridgenorth. Eardiy.and , Herefordf. 3 miles from Leo- minfter. Eardijley, Heref. near Hunling- ton Caftle. Eareby , Lincolnf, between Thongcafter and Grimfby. Earejby Place , Lincolnf. near Spilfby. Earith, Huntingd. Earl's Colne , Eftex, 2 miles SE. of Hal- ftead. Earl's Court, Midd. between Ken- fington and Chelfea. Earl's Dyke, Yorkf. the N. boundary of Holdernefs. Earle- Jhauv, Nott. in Caunton parifh. Earl's Hide, Sraff. z miles from Stone. Earl's Soham , SufF. near Framlingham. Earl- Jlon, Hants, NW. of King’s Clere. Earlston, or Ersilton, a town of Berwickftiire. Near it is the Houfe of Cowdetiknows, and on the adjacent knolls may be fee n the remains of it’s broom, fo celebrated in Scott i(h ditty. Earljlonham , Suffolk, N. of Needham. Earn, a lake and river of Perthshire. Ea^Jham, Norfolk, near Bungay. Earfe- nxoell, Suff. NE. of Milden Hall. Earth , Cornw. W. of Trematon Caftle. Earth - am, Cornw. NE. of Market Jew. Ear- ton, Lancaf. near Liverpool. Eajbach , Heref. near Biffiops and Caftle Freme. E A S Eajby , Yorkf. near Richmond. Eajby , York!'. N. Riding, E. of Stokefley. Eaf- ington , Bucks, 2 miles from Tame. Eaf- ington, Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Eajington , Yorkf. NW. of Whitby. Eajington , Gloucefterf. oo the Severn, 6 miles from Stroud. Easingwold, a town of Yorkfhire, trading in bacon and butter. It is 1 2 miles N. of York, and 210 N. of London. Eajl Aimer, Dorletf. near Sturminfter. Eastrourn, a town of SufTex, noted for the plenty of birds hereabout, called wheat ears ; and lately become a well- frequented place for Tea bathing. It is near Beachy Head, 15 miles ESE. of Lewes, and 65 SSE. ot London. Eajl Brent. Somerfetf. 4 miles N. of Hun 1 1 pi I . Ealflbridge, Suff. on the coaft, near Sifewel. Eajibridge , Kent, N. of Romney Marfh. Eajlbury , Dorletf. 4. miles from Blandford. Eaftbury > Eftex, near Barking, Eaflchurch , Kent, in the Ifle of Sheppy. Eajlcot , Cornw. near the fource of the Tamar. Eajl Creech, Dor- fetf. in Purbeck Ifle, a mile NW. of Knoile. Eajl Dean, SufTex, 5 miles N. of Chichefter. Eajl Down, Dear Hungerford. Eddle- thorp, Yorkf. S. of New Mahon. Eddystone Rocks, in the Englifh Channel, fo called from the great variety of contrary lets of the tide or current which prevail near then!. They are fitu- ated nearly SSW. from the middle of Ply. mouth Sound, diftant from the port about 14 miles, and from Ram Head 12 arid a half. As they lie nearly in the dire&ioa of vcffels coalting up and down the Chan- nel, they were very dangerous, and fl,ips were ibmetimes wrecked on them, before t lie light houfe was eftablifhed here. They are fo expofed to the fwells of the ocean, from all the fouth-vyeiiern points of the compafs,that the heavy Teas break on them with inconceivable fury. Sometimes, after a ftorm, when the fea is to all appearance perfectly fmooth, the under current meet- ing the Hope of the rocks, the fea beats upon them in a terrific and magnificent manner, and even rifes above the light houfe, overtopping it, for the inftant, with a canopy of frothy wave. The prefent light- houfe is nearly 80 feet high, and has withftood the molt violent ftorms, without fuftaining the fmalleft injury. It was begun by the late Mr. John Smeaton, Auguft 2, 1757, and finifhed Auguft 24, 1 759 * Ede, Devonf. 2 miles SW. of Exeter. Edefordy Devonf. NW. of Teignmouth. Eden, a river which rifes in Weftmerland, on the confines of Yorkfhire, and running N. by Appleby and Carlifle, falls into Solway Frith, 7 miles W. of that city. Eden, and Edenbridge, Kent, W. of Penf- hurft. E D I burft, on the borders of Surry. Eden Caf- tle , Durham, near the coaft, NW. of Har- tlepool. *Edenderry, a town of King’s Coun- ty, in Leinfter, 29 miles from Dub- lin. Edenhallyov Ednall , Cumb. on the Eden, NE. of Penrith. Edenham, Line, near Grirpfthorp. Eden , Little , Durham, N.of Eden Caftle, and nearer t he fea. Edenfor, Det by f. in the High Peak. Edenfiow , Nottinghamf, in Sherwood Foreft. Eden ton, a fmall town of N. Caro- lina, well lituated for trade, on the N. fide of Albemarle Sound. It is the county- town of Chowan County, and is 72 miles nearly S. of Williamfburg. Ederney Bridge, in Fermanagh, Ulfter, Edessa, or Moglena, a town of Ma- cedonia. Ed^comb, Mount, Devon f. though on the Corniih fide of the Tamar, near Saltalh, has a leaf, with a charming view of Ply- mouth, the winding harbour and fea below it, as Well as of great part of the adjacent country. Edgcot, Bucks, SW. of E. and Middle Claydon. Edge , Chefli. N. of Malpas. Edge , Gioucef. in Painfwick parifli. Edge, Shropf. between Afhton Piggot and Shrewlbury. Edge, Shropfh. between Afhbafton and Wem. Edgebaf - ton, Warw. on the Rhea, near Birming- ham. hdgecot, Northamp. near Banbury. Edge End , Lane, near Colne. Edgefield, Norfolk, on the S. fide of the Holt. Edge- hill, Warw, near Kineton, between which places, on the defeent of the hill, a battle was fought, O&ober 22, 1642, between the armies of King Charles I. and the Parliament. Edgeton , Rutl. SE. of Oke- ham. *Edgeware, a town of Middlefex, 8 miles NW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Edgeworth, Glouc. 3 miles from Bifley, and 6 from Cirencefter. * Edgeworth’s Town, in Longford, Leinfter, 52 miles from Dublin. Edgmond , Shropfh. 2 miles from New- port. Edgton , Shropfh. SE. of Bifhop’s Caftle. Edial , Staff. W. of Lichfield. Edicliff, Shropfh. SE. of Shad well. * Edinburgh, a city, the capital of Scotland, fituated, in the county to which it gives name, on three hilis. It may pro- perly be divided into the Old and New Towns. The fituation of the Old Town is lingular and tlriking: it ftands on the middle ridge, or hill, which is narrow and fteep, and terminated abruptly on the W. by the caftle, a very ancient building-, acceffible only by a draw-b.idge, and E D I erected on a lofty, precipitous rock. The High Street, a mile in length, and gene- rally 90 feet broad, extends from the caftle to Holyrood Houfe. On each fide of this fteep hill the houfes form narrow lanes, which are called clofes, and extend N. and S. Many of them are lofty, but fo piled, as it were, upon each other, that they are neither commodious nor elegant. The New Town is lituated on the N. fide of the Old, on an elevated plain, from which the ground defcends to the S. and N. with a gentle declivity. It forms an affemblage cf uniform ftreets and fquares, including feveral public buildings, the whole built entirely of ftone, with confi- derabie tafte and elegance. The buildings on the S. fide of the Old Town, though inferior to thofe on the N. are extenfive and ftately. The moll (hiking obje£t here, is the New College, building by pub- lic fubfeription, on the fite of the old one, on a large anc! magnificent plan. The number of ftudentsinthe univerfity, is ef- limated at 1000, of whom 400 ftudy me- dicine. The city is governed by a lord proyoft, a guild council, and 25 common council. Here are 14 incorporated trades, each having it’s deacon, or warden. The principal public buildings are the palace of Holyrood Houfe, the Royal Exchange, built in 1753, the Regiller Office, the Phylicians’ Hall, He,mot’s Hofpital, founded in 162-8, for the education of 140 poor boys, Watfon’s Hofpital, for the Tons of decayed merchants, an hofpital for orphans, and a Royal Infirmary, incor- porated by charter in 1736. Edinburgh, with it’s dependencies, is l'uppofed to con- tain 100,000 inhabitants, and is fuppliecj with water, conveyed in caft-iron pipes from Commifton, 4 miles to the W. If is 2 miles S. of Leith, which is it’s port, 54 WNW. of Berwick upon Tweed, and 389 N. by W. of London. Lat. 55. 58. N.. Ion. 3. 7. W. Edinburgh shire, or Mid Lothian, a populous, well-cultivated, fertile, and pieafant county of Scotland, 27 miles in length, and 16 in breadth, but in fome places not above 6. It is bounded on the N. by the Frith of Forth, which feparates it from Fifefliire; on the E. by the /hires of Haddington and Berwick} on the S. by thofe of Selkirk, Peebles, and Lanerk j and on the W. by the (hire of Linlithgow. Edingley , Nott.near Southwell. Eding- thorp , Norf. between N. Walfham and the fea. Edington, Somerfetf. in Morlinch pa- rifh . Edington , Northumb. SW. of Mor- peth. Edifiury Hall, Chefli. in Delamere Foreft. Edith Chapel, Cornw, E. of Pad- ftow EGG ftow Haven. Ediweflon, Nottingh. 6 miles from Mansfield. Edlajion, Derby!', near the Dove, S. of Afhborn. Edlinghail , or Eddinghall, Staff. NE. of Lichfield. Ed- lingbam Caflle , Nor thumb, near Alnwick. Ed'ungion , Lincolnf. NW. of Horncaftle. Edlington, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Tick- hiJl. Edlijborough , Bucks, near Ivingo. Edmarjh Chapel, Lane, near Lowland Fo- reft. Edmijlon , Devonf. near Modbury. Edmondbiers , Durh. bordering on North- umberland. Edmondsbury, St. See Bury. Edmond's, St. Chapel and Cape , Norf. in the NW. angle of the county. Edmonf- ham, Dorfetf. near Cranborne. Edmon - Jlon , Wilts, 5 miles from Sarum. Edmond - thorp , Leic. near Poftwitham. Edmonton , Middlefex, in the Ware road, 7 miles from London. Edmonton Street, Middl. between Tottenham Highcrofs and Ponder’s End. Ednam, in Roxburghshire, near Kelfo. Ednop, Shropf. W. of BiHiop’s Callie. Edfon, or Edjlon , Warw. SE. of Henley. Edfion, Yorkf. NE. of Helmfley. Edwin Lock, Wove. N. of Bromyard. Edfwortb , Hants, towards Chichefter. Edwalton , Nott. near Plumtree. Edward's Hall , Eflex, near Great Baddow. Edwarjlon , Suffolk, N. of Nayland. Edway , a river in Radnorfhire, which runs into the Wye, 4 miles SE. of Builth. Edwith , a rivtr of Monmouthf. which joins the Ufk at it’s mouth. Edworth, Bedf. SE. of Biggtef- wade. Edynfar, Derb. in the High Peak. Efferding, a town of Auftria, 10 miles W. of Lintz. Effingham, Surry, in the road from Lea- therhead to Guildford. Efford, Cornw. near Bude, or Bead’s Haven. EJford , or Ebbing ford, Devonf. NE. of Plymouth. Egarton , Kent, in Charing parifh. Egko- rough, Yorkf. W. of Snaith. Egbuckland , Devonf. W. of Plympton. Egbury, De- vor.fii. near Hartland Point. Egbury, Hants, NW. of Whitchurch. Egdean , Sufiex. Eger, or Agria, a fortified town of Upper Hungary, fit uated on the Eger, 47 miles NE. of Buda. Egerley, or Edgley , Shropfh. SE. of Mafbrook. Egerton , Chef, near Mai pas. Egerton, Kent, in Godmerfham parifh. Egg, Devonf. in Branfcomb parifh. Egg, an ifland, about 10 miles in cir- cumference, -S. of the Ifle of Skye. Eggcliff, or Egglefclijff , Durham, on the Tees, (-ppofite to Yarum. Eggerdon , N. and S. Dorfetf. near Afkerfweil j Egger- don Hill affords an extenfive prolpeft. Eggington, Bedf. near Leighton Buzzard. Eggington, Derbyf, near the conflux of the E G Y Dove and Trent. Egglesford Park , De* vonf. near Torrington. Egglejlon, N. and S. Dorfetf. in W. Tineham parifh. Eg- gleton, Durham, on the Tees, oppolite to Rumbaldkitk. Eggoats, Worcel’. in Ink- borough parifh. Egham , Surry, on the Thames, oppofite to Staines, 3 miles from Windior. Egham Foflers, Surry, 1 mile S. of Egham. Egisford, Devonshire, near Chumleigh. Egglejlborn , Yorkf. in Hol- dernefs. Eglefon, Dorfetf. near the coaft, between Weymouth and Pool. Eglejlote , Lane. NE. of Weft Darby. Eglejlon, or Eggleton , Yorkf. on the Tees, near Bar- nard Caftle. Eglethorp, Line, near Grimf* thorp. Eglcton, Rutl. in Okeham parifh. Eglingbam , Nor thumb, between Alnwick and Woller. Eglijhy in King’s County, Leinfter, 60 miles from Dublin. Eglijh , in Tyrone, Ulfter, nearly 76 miles from Dublin. Eglisau, a town and bailiwick of Zurich, on the Thur. Egloroufe , Cornw. near Port Wrincle. Eglofhale , Cornw. a miles from Pad (tow. Eglojkerry , or Eglefi, Cornw. near Laun- celton. Eglwifgach, Denbighf. Egluoif - wre-iv, Pembrokei'. Egmanton , Nottingh. S. of Tuxford. Egmer , Norf. NW. of Walfingham. Egmont Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 6 miles long and 4 broad. The land is low and full of trees. Lat. 19, 20. N. ion. 138. 30. W. Egmont, a town of Holland, fituated. on the fea-ooaft, 3 miles SW. of Alkinaer, Egmont, in Cork, Munfter, 6 miles from the city of Cork. Egra, or Chebbe, a town of Saatz, in Bohemia, noted for it’s mineral waters. It is feated on the river Eger, 76 miles W. of Prague. Lat. 50. 9. N. Ion. 12. 30. E. Egra, or Eger, a river of Germany, which rifes in the territory of Culmbach, and runs into the Elbe near Leitmeritz, in Bohemia. Egremont, a town in Cumberland, feated on a little river that falls into the lea near the promontory of St. Beep, 6- miles S. of Whitehaven, and 297 NW. of London'. Market on Saturday. Egton , Lancaf. in Loynldale. Egton , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Gifborough. Egypt, a country of Africa, about 500 miles in length, and 160 in breadth. It is bounded on the S. by Nubia ; on the W. by the Deferts of Barca, Fezzan, &c. on the N. by the Mediterranean j and on the E. by_ the Red Sea and the lfthmus of Suez. This country, fo famous in hiftory, feems not to have an extent proportionable to the pompous defeription which the an- cients EGY dents have given of it’s having contained ao,ooo towns, or cities, and feveral mil- lions of inhabitants, and of it’s ancient kings keeping armies of 300,000 men, and executing thofe prodigious works, the py- ramids, the labyrinth, the immenfe grot- tos of Thebais j the obelises, temples, and pompous palaces ; the Lake Moeris, and the vail canals, &c. but when we confider the amazing fertility of the foil, enriched, as it has always been, hy the overflowing of the Nile, and it’s high ftate of cultiva- tion, thefe accounts l’eem more probable, Egypt has been ever noted for it’s plenty of corn j abd when the dearth was in all lands, in the days of Jacob, in the land of Egypt there was bread } and all coun- tries lent thither to buy corn. Except in our winter months, the heat is oppref- five to all who are not accuftomed to it, and they are generally viiited by the plague about once in feven years. The winds are fometimes of fuch extreme heat and aridity, that their influence proves mortal. During the time they laft, the ftreets are deferted, and the inhabitants are almoft blinded by drifts of land, which are f’o fubtile, that they infinuate themfelves into the clofets and cabinets. No country in the world is better furnifh- ed with corn, rice, flefh, fifh, fugar, fruits, and vegetables than Egypt, It is divided into the Upper, Middle, and Lower, which lad comprehends the Delta, which produces oranges, lemons, figs, dates, almonds, caflia, and plantains, in great plenty. The animals found in Egypt are tigers, hyenas, antelopes, apes with the head like a dog’s ; camels, black cattle, fine horfes, and large afies, croco- diles, the hippopotamus, or river horfe, the catneleon, the ichneumon 5 oftricnes, eagles, hawks, pelicans, water- fowl of various kinds, with the ibis, which re- fembles a duck, and was deified by the an- cient Egyptians, on account of it’s deftroy- ing ferpents and noxious in lefts. They have a le/pent here, called the cerafies, or horned viper, the bite of which is mortal to thofe who have not the fecret of guard- ing againft it. The pra-ftice of charming, alluded to in Pfai. lviii. 4, 5, Ecclef. x. 11, and Jerem. viii. 7, appears to prevail here till this day } for fome of the natives can play with the cerafies, which to them is perfeftly harmlefs, but when applied to a hen, or any other animal, it bites and in- ftantly kills it. Since Egypt has been under the dominion of the Turks, it has been governed by a bafhaw, whorefides at Cairo. Under him are inferior governors in the feveral parts of the country. Thofe E I C in Upper Egypt are generally Arabs, who pay tribute to the Grand Signior, and make prefents to the bafhaw, governing defpoti- cally, and making war with each other: befifies thefe there are (hieks, who prefide over particular places, and are mafters of a few villages. The prel’ent population of Egypt is computed at 2,300,000. The inhabitants are compofed of four different races of people} the Turk?} the Arabs} the Cophts, who are defeended fronrrthe firft Egyptians, which became Chriftitms } and tile Mamlouks, who were originally Cir- cadian and Mingtelian (laves, and being the only military force, are the real maf- ters of the country. The governors of the country 'are Mahometans, but the Cophts, and Greeks, and Latins, are Chriftians of different lefts } and in the great towns there are numbers of Jews. A confiderable trade was carried on here in E. India commodities, till the Portueguefe found the way to Afia round the Cape of Good Hope. However, the merchants of Europe vifit the harbours in the Mediter- ranean, and import and export feveral forts of merchandile} and, from other parts, the natives get elephants’ teeth, gold-duft, mufk, civet, ambergris, and coffee. The gold-duft is brought from Negroland to Fez and Morocco, and thence to Cairo in caravans, over immenfe deferts. The com- modities which the merchants puicfrafe here, are coffee, fenna, caflia, rhubarb, fal ammoniac, myrrh, faffron, fait petre, aloes, opium, indigo, fugar, fandal-wood, dates, cotton cloth, &c. The largeft of the py- ramids takes up ten acres of ground, and is, as well as the others, built upon a rock. The external par.t is chiefly of large fquare (tones, of unequal fizes, and the height of it about 700 feet : within thele, and in their vicinity, are catacombs, wherein are mummies, oremba’.meddead hodies, which are three or four thoufand years old. The complexion of the Egyptians is tawny, and the farther S. the darker, infomuch that thofe on the confines of Nubia are almolt black. They are moftiy an indolent peo- ple, efpecially the richer fort, who (pend much of the day in drinking ccffee, fmok- ing tobacco, and deeping} and thefe are faid to be ignorant, proud, and ridicu- loufly vain. The principal city is Cairo. Egypten, a town of Coui land. Eham , Derbyf. on the N. Peak. Ehingen, a town of Andrian Suabi3, 12 miles SW, of Ulm ; and Ehingen, or Ebingen, a town of Wurtevnburg, 36 miles S. of Stutgard. Etc, a river in Leicetterf. which runs into the Wrekin near Brenin bridge. . ! Eider, E L B Eider, a river of Denmark, which, in a great part of it’s courfe, divides the duchy of Slefwick from Holftein, and falls into "the German Ocean about i z miles WSW. of Lunden. Eifeld, or Elf-Eld', a town of Mentz. Eight Mile Bridge t in Down, U liter, 55 miles from Dublin. Eiken , Suffolk, W. of Aldborough. Eiketelbyt Leicef. near Melton Mowbray. Eimbeck, a town of Grubenhagen, in Lower Saxony, fituated on the Ilmen. It is the chief place for manufactures in the whole principality. Eimeo, one of the Society Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 4 leagues W. from the NW. part of Otaheite. It is almoft wholly furrounded with rocks, and it’s fteep, rugged hills are covered with trees almoft to their tops. Eisfeld, a country in the electorate of Mentz, divided, by mountains, into Up- per and Lower; the Upper part is cold and mountainous; the latter flat, warm, and fertile. The principal towns are Hei- ligenltadt, Duderftadt, and Stadtworbis. Eisleben, a town, formerly capital of a county of the fame name, in Mansfield, Upper Saxony. Martin Luther, the cele- brated reformer, was born and died in this town. Eisenach, a town and mountainous dillriCt of Thuringia, in Upper Saxony, with a celebrated college, a ieininary for divinity, and an crphan-houfe.. It is fitu- ated on the Ndfe, 26 miles WSW. of Er- furt. Ejtdevet, an ancient town of Moroc- co, noted for it’s fchooh. Eithan, or Ythan , a river of Aberdeen- (Lire, which falls into the German Ocean, about 22 milts NE. of Aberdeen. Ekateringburg, a town, capital of a province of Ruflia, 14.8 miles SE. of Ptrm. Ekateringburg, a province of Ruf- fia, in the government of Perm, about 360 miles long, and from 100 to 160 broad. Ekerford, or Eckelnfohrede, a town of Slefwick. Ekington, Derb. NE. of Dronfield, near Crawloc. Ekington, Wore, near Perfliore. Eland, a river in Radnorf. which runs in- to the Clarwen, on the borders of Cardi- ganfhire. Eland Hall, Ycr-kfh. 2 miles from Halifax, has a bridge over the Cal- der. Eland Hall, Northumb. near Pont Eland. Elajlon , or Glajlon, Staff, on the Dove, near Cheadle. Elay , a river of Glamorganf. which runs into the Briftol Channel near Penrith Point. Elba, an ifland on the coaft; of Tufcany, ELE about S miles in length and 2 in breadth. It contains mines of iron and loadftone, and quarries of marble, and is iubjeCt to the Grand Duke. Elbassano, a town ofTurkifh Alba- nia, 4.5 miles SE. of Dur3zzo. Elbe, a large river of Germany, which rifes in the SE. part of Jauer, in Silefia, takes a foutheiiy courfe through part of Bohemia, and turning NW. it enters Sax- ony and Brandenburg, pafling by Pirna, Drefden, Magdeburg, &c. and divides Lunenburg from Mecklenburg, and Bre- men from Holftein. It then paffes on to Hamburg and Gluckfladt, and falls into the German Ocean, in about lat. 54. 3. N. Elberton, a town of Georgia, in N. America. Elberton , Glouc. 11 miles from Briftol. Elbeuf, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine. It has a manufacture of cloth, and is feated on the Seine, 10 miles S. of Rouen. Eleing, or Elblang, a populous fea-port town of W. Pruflia, in the pala- tinate of Marienburg. It is a place of confiderable trade, and is fituated on a ri- ver of the fame name, near the Frifclie Haffe, 30 miles SE. of Dantzick. Lat. 54. 9. N. Ion. 19. 35. E. El bo gen, a circle of Bohemia, with it’s capita] on the liver Eger. Elbukg, a town of Dutch Guelder- land, fituated on the E. coaft of the Zuy- der Zee, 34 miles NNE. of Utrecht. Elburg, Glouc. in Brookworfh parifh. Elcatif, a fea-port of Arabia, fituat- ed on the W. coaft of the Gulf of Petfia, 300 miles S. of Buflarah. Elche, a town of Valencia, fuppofed, from it’s magnificent ruins, to be the an- cient Ilici; and a town of kew Caftile. Elden , Norfolk, near Thetford. Elden Hole, Derbyf. one of the wonders of the Peak; endeavours have been long made to find the bottom, but in vain. Eldernal , Camb. near Thorney Ifie. Eldes, Ncrth- umb. between Kirk Haugh and Fether- fton Haugh. Eldon , Durh. SE.ofBifhop Aukland. Eldersfield, Worcef. a parifh about 10 miles in circuit, between Rid- merley and Tewkefbury. Elemere, Yorkf. N. Riding, near the Swale, and nearly op pofite to Cundall. Elenborough, in Down, Uifter, at the rqouth of the rivter Elen. .. Elenhall , Stafford!’, near Ecclefhail. Elephan ta> 01 Gali Pouri, a final 1 ifland on the W. coaft of Hindooftan, about 5 miles from Bombay, and inha- bited by about 100 po. r Indian families. It contains one of the moft Itupendous an- tiquities ELK tiquities in the world. The figure of an elephant, of the natural fize, cut coarfely in black Hone, appears in an open plain, near, the landing place, from which an eafy tflope leads to a ftependous, fubtenanean temple, hewn out of the folid rock, 80 or 90 feet long, and 40 broad. The roof, which is cut flat, is lupported by regular rows of pillars, about 10 feet high, with capitals refembling round cufliions, and at the farther end of it are three gigantic figures, mutilated by the abl'urd zeal of the Portuguefe, when this ifland was in their poffefficn. Mr. Grofe judges this immenle excavation to be a bolder work than that of the pyramids of Egypt 5 and Major Rennet thinks this, and a fubterra- nean temple in the adjacent ifle of Salfette, to be monuments of a fuperflition anterior to that of the Hindoos. This ifland has been ceded to the Englilh by the Mah- rattas. Elford , Oxf. NE. of Brampton. El- ford, Northumb. S. of Bamburgh Caftle. Elford, Hants, near Lymington. Elford , Staffordf. on the Tame, 3 miles from Lichfield. *Elgin, the county- town of Elgin or Murrayfhire, in Scotland Here are many large, old buildings, erefted over piazzas, and the ruins of it’s old cathedral (hew it to have been once a magnificent flru&ure. Jt is fituated near the river Loflie, 5 miles from the mouth of Murray Frith, and 30 NNE. of Invernefs. Elginshire. See Murrayshire. Elham, a fmall town in Kent, fituat- ed on the Letter Stour, nearly between Wye and Hythe, 10 miles S. of Canter- bury, and 67 ESE. of London. Market on Monday. Elhill , Lancafh. between Garftang and Lancafter. Eling, Hants* _at fehe bottom , of Southampton Bay. Eling, Great and Little, Middl. near Brentford : in Great Eling are many handfome villas. Eling- don , or Wroughton , Wilts, SE- of Woo- ton Ballet. Elin-ivorth Chapel , Yorkf. NW. of Halifax. Elis, Northumb. NW. of Dala Cattle. Elizabeth, a town of Pennfylvania, one of the oldeft towns in the State of New Jerfey j and a county of Virginia. Elizabeth’s Islands, fmall iflands on the S. coalt of Maflachufet’s Bay, be- tween Martha’s Vineyard and the conti- nent'. Elijhanv , Northumb. near Skirnwood. Like fey, 01 Elfey, Nottingham!'. SE. of Workfop, Elkholm, a fea-port town of Blekin- £ L M gen, in Sweden, feated on the Baltic, S miles VV. of Carlefcroon. Ellington, N. and S . Line, near Louth. Elkfone, 10 miles E. from Gloucefter. Elkton, a town of Maryland, well firuated for trade, on a fmall river of . the fame name, near the head of Che (apeak Bay, 37 miles SW. of Philadelphia. Ellen, a town of Juliers. Ellen, a river in Cumberland. Ellenho - rough, Cumberl. near Maryport : it was formerly a Roman (ration. Ellenhall, Staffordf. near Ecdefhall. Ellenfoot j fee Maryport Ellen Money , in Down, Uifjer, a fpring Or bog, on the fummit level of the canal, between Newry and Lough Neagh. Ellerbeck, Yorklh. near Nonhallertoiu Ellerborn, Yorklh. N. Riding, NE. of Pickering. Ellerbye , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Moulgrave Cattle. Ellerena, a town of Spanifli Eftra- madura, belonging to the knights of St. Jago, by whom it was founded j and a town of Mexico. . Ellerker , Yorkf. between North Cave and the Humber. Ellerton, Shropf. be- tween Egbafton and Eaton. Ellerton, Yorkf. E. Riding, 4 miles from Pocklington. El- lerton , Yorkf. N. Riding, N. of the Swaie, near Catterick Bridge. Ellejborough , Bucks, near Monk’s and Prince’s Rifbo- rough. Ellesdon, a fmall town of North- umberland, 28 miles NW. of Newcaftle. Market negle£ted. * Ellesmere, a town of Shropfhire, feated on a large mere, famous for fi(h, in a fmall but fertile diftrifl of the fame name, 16 miles NNW. of Shrew (bury, and 176 NW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Ellichpqur, a city and circar in the W. part of Berar, fubjeft to the Nizam of the Deccan. It is 140 miles NE. of Au- rungabad. Lat. 21. 12. N. Ion. 78. 8. E„ Ellinburgb, Lancaf. between Leigh and Bury. Ellingha?n , Hants, N. of Ring- wopd. Ellingham , Northumb. SW. of Sun- derland. Ellingham, Norf. W. ofBeccles, in S rfeif. N. of Up way. Elwick, Durham, SVV. of Harrlepool. Elnvorthy E. and IV near Abbotfbury. Elzuorthy, Somerfetf. SW. of Stokegomer. El c wy, Northumh. in Woller lordfhip. Elwy ; fee Elay. Elzvy , or Elny, a river of Denb. which runs into the Ciwyd at St. Afaph. *Ely, an ancient city of Cambridge- shire, neither populous (the inhabitants being about 2500) nor beautiful, and chiefly noted for it’s minfter, or cathedral, which has a (lately ianthorn, feen at a vaft diftance, but which feems to totter with every blaft of wind. It has but one good ilreet, well paved, the reft being unpaved, and miferably dirty. The bifhops have all the rights of Counts Palatine, which alio they had through the whole Ille of Ely, till the reign of Henry VIII. Ely is completely fubordinate to the biftiop in it’s civil government, and is the only city in England unreprefented in parliament. It is leated on a riling ground, near the ri- ver Oufe, and other (treams, the former of which is navigable to Lynn, and by which it carries on a pretty good trade, in a foil particularly famous for producing large quantities of ftrawberries, greens, and other garden fluff} 17 miles N. of Cambridge, and 68 N. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Ely, Isle of. See Cambridge- shire. Ely , Glamorganfhire. Embden,' a large, ftrong, commercial town, of Prufliati Weflphalia, with a good harbour, capital of the county ofE. Frief- Jand. It is divided into three parts, the Old and New Town, and the two fuburbs. Embden is feated near the mouth of the river Embs, 13 miles NE. of Groningen. Lat. 53. 26. N. Ion. 7. 20. E. Ember Court , Surry, by Thames Dit- ton. Embhams , -Surry, near Whitley Park and Sbotover Hill. Emhleion , or Embhams t Cumbet l. 8E. of Cockvrmoufh. Emboy a village near Brora, on the E. coafl of Sutherlandfhire. Emeoly, a decayed town of Romania. Embrun, a city in the dept, of the Upper Alps, containing 5 parifltes, and about 12,090 inhabitants. It is feated on a craggy hill, near the river Durance, 17 miles E. of Gap. Embs, a river of Weflphalia, which rifes in the county of Faderborn, pafles through Munfter and E. Friefland, and falls into the German Ocean a little below Embden. E N C Emesa, a town in the pachalic of Da- mafcus. Emildon, Northumb. near Bamborough Caftle. Emington, Oxf. SE. of Thame. Emley, Suflex, near the Ifle of Selfey. Emlyy in Tipperary, Munlier, 14 miles W. of Cafhel. Emmergreen , Dorfe'tfhire. Emmerick, a town in the duchy of Cleves, feated near the Rhine, 8 miles E. of Cleves. Emmertoriy Bucks, between Newport and Oulney. E?nmety Lane, near Town- ley. Emmothillsy Northumb. SE. of Nor- ham Caftle. Emmothough, Northumb. near the crags, inTinedale. Emmotland , Yorkf. on the river Hull. Emneth , Norfolk, be- tween Down ham and Wifbeach. * EmOy in Queen’s Ccunty, Leinfter, between Monaftereven and Mountmellick, 34 miles from Dublin. Empingham, Rutland, between Burleigh on the Hill and Tickencote. Empoli, a town of Tufcany. Etupor, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Empjhot, Hants, near the road from Alton to Petersfield. Emfaughy Cumb. on the S. Tyne, nearGaigill. Emfcyt t NE. of Warwick. Emfey } or Emjhanv y Yorkf. W. Riding, near Skipton. Emf~ \ tree , Shropf. SE.af Shrewfbury. Emfnuell, Yorkfhire, E Riding, SW. of Kiiham. Emfzvorthy Suflex. near Eaftbourn. ? Emy Valey in Monaghan, Ulfter. E neigh, in Clare, Munfter. Enboroughy Somerfetf. near Mendip and Benager. Enbourn, E. and IV. Berks, near Newbury,' are famous to all ages for the whimfical cuftom of the manor. On the death of a copyhold tenant, the widow • is to enjoy her free bench, in all his copy- \ hold lands, dam fola &? cafta fuerit ; but 1 if fhe commit incontinency, Ihe forfeits her , widow's eftate; yet, after this, if fhe will come into the next court held for the ma- ; nor, riding backwards on a black ram, and repeat the following formula, the • fteward is bound, by the cuftom, to admit her to her free bench. 4 Here I am, * Riding upon a black rani, * Like a whore as I am ; * And for my crincum crancum, ‘ Have loft my bincum bancumj * And for my tail’s game, 4 Have done this worldly fhnme } 4 Wherefore, I pray you, Mr. Steward, j let me have my lands again.’ Enbychnvorth , Yorkf. W. Riding, SW. of Barnefley. Enchuysen, a fea-port of Holland, : with a good trade, particularly in fait fifh. 1 It Fntjnaed /h- TfaOur-t dctfra/Jn Sec. -References to the Counties aulh _ 'land o 4 1 Cornwall 2 iKyrmllare 3 Dorfetfhire 4 Samersetflure 5 'Wflrfhite 6 Bainpihire 7 Sufsex 5 Kent 9 Suray V) Berkftuce 11 doucesterfhire 12 Oxford (hire 13 BiiAimr ha mfln'iv > 14 Mddlelfex: Id B edfordfiiire 16 Hartfordlh ire 17 Ffsex 18 Suffolk i9INoxfolk. 20 Ouribridg'elhire 2 lFkuitixuro ouihire n-i_ 24’Worcefterlhirc 2d Herdm'dllrire 26 Alarm 11 m tl 1 lisire 29 ( crrma rth e nil lice II 30 P embroke flj ire § 31 Radnorlhire 1 32 Cardiganftrire fi 33 Montgomery {hire [I 34 Afciiimethlhirc " 35 JTlmtftrire 36 Denbigdiihire 37 C aeniarvonlhire | 38 Amrlefea 39 Sliroj dtiir o 40 S taffordlhire 41 L eioelterlhire 42 1? u datulfhiE e 43TJncolnlliire , 4lBrottmahaxnfliice f 45Derbvlhire 46 Chemke 47l.auc*aflnre 48YorMlnre 49 Weflmordand doHurham dlCumkerland . dalfoithuiuberland f ENG ENG It Is feated on a peninfula formed by the Zuyder Zee, 25 miles NE. of Amfterdam. The harbour was formerly confiderable, but now it is too much obftru&ed with fand, to permit very large veffels to en- ter it. Encomb , Dorfetf. near Corfe Caftle. Endeavour River, a river on the NE. coaft of New Holland, with a bar at it’s mouth, and not depth of water enough for veflels to fail more than a mile above the bar. Lat. 15. 26. S. Ion. 145. 12. E. Endeavour Strait. See Guinea, New. Endellion , Cornw. E. of Padftow Har- bour. Ender , a river of Perthfhire, (formed by the union of ieveral fmall ftreams) which runs into the Garry, 7 miles W. of Blair Athol. Ender by, 4 miles W. of Leicefler. En~ derby Sagge, Line. NW. of Spilfby. En- derby Mabvijh , Line. SW. of Spillby. En- derjbury , Dorletf. near Longham and Can- ford. Endkioping, a town of Upland, in Sweden, chiefly confiding of wooden houles, painted, for the molt part, red. It is fitu- afed on an inlet of the Lake Meier, on it’s northern coaft, 20 miles SW. of Upfal. Endingen, a town of Auftrian Suabia. Enedon , Cornwall, NE. of St. Michael. Enezvood, or Evennuood, Durham, at the head of the liver Gauntlefs. Enewood, Weft, Durh. SW . of Bifhop Aukland. Enfield, (called, in old records, En- fen, or Infen, from feme part of it’s paiilh being fenny, till drained) a town of Middlefex, formerly noted for the tan- ningofhides, 10 miles N. of London. It’s once royal chafe was disforefted by an aft of parliament in 1779. Market on Sat. Enfield, a town of Maffachufets. Enfield , Hants, between Rumfey and Winchester. Enfield , Sfcrry, SW. of Eg- ham. Enford , Wilts, \V. of Everley hare-warren. Engadina, a country of the Grifons, w hich ex r ends along the banks of the river Inn, from it’s fource to the Tyrolefe. It is divided into Upper and Lower. The Upper, on account of it’s elevation, pro- duces pafture, but not fufficient corn. The Lower is much more fertile. Engarjby , Leicefterfhire, NW. of Blif- don. Engaynes , Effex, between Great and Little Ciaxton. Enger, a town of Ravenfburgh, in Weftphalia. Enger See, a lake of Carinthia. Engham, Berks, near Swinford, has a valuable ferry over the Ills. EngHein, a town of Hainault, 8 miles ENE. of Aeth. Engia, anciently Egina, Oenone, and Myrmidonia, a town, ifland, and gulf of Turkey, between Livadia and the Morea. The ifland is about 30 miles in circumference. England, the foutnern, and’ molt con- flderablepartof the Ifland of Great Britain, is bounded on the N. by Scotland ; on the NE. and NE. by the German Ocean; on the S. by the Englifh Channel; and on the W. by the principality of Wales, and the 1 ri fix Channel. It lies between 2 degrees E. and 6 W. longitude, and between 49 and 56 N. latitude. It is of a triangular form'. From the Land’s End in Cornwall, to Berwick upon Tweed, it is about 425 miles; from Berwick, to the S. Foreland in Kent, it’s length is about 345 miles, and thence to the Land’s End, it’s great- eft breadth is 340. The country exhibits a variety of profpeffs, varying from the extenfive plain, and gently-rifing uplands, with the intervening vales, and gently* flowing rivers, to the lofty mountains, craggy hills, deep dells, and tumbling torrents. Though in l'ome parts there are large barren moors, and wide, uncul- tivated heaths; on the whole, few coun- tries have a larger proportion of land ca- pable of culture, and there is none where agriculture is better attended to, or, in- deed, where it is more neceflary for the fubfiftence of the inhabitants. All the valuable produftions, both animal and ve- getable, of this country, have been im-» ported at different periods, from the con- tinent; and have been kept dp and improv- ed by conftant attention. Overrun with woods, like the wilds of America, nuts, acorns, crabs, and a few wild berries, form the only vegetable food, which this coun- try formerly afforded. The bear, the wolf, and the wild boar, now totally ex- tirpated, roamed at large in the fbrefts, large herds of flags ranged through the woods, roebucks bounded over the hills, and wild bulls ranged in the marfhy pas- tures. By degrees, the woods- were de- ftreyed, in order to make way for cultiva- tion, the marlhes were drained, and the wild animals, invaded in their retreats, gradually difappeared, and their places were l’upplied by the dotneftic kinds. England new poffeffes no other wild qua- drupeds than iome of the fmaller kinds, fuch as the fox, the wild cat, the badger, the martin, and others of the weafel kind, the otter, the hedge hog, the hare and rabbit; the fquirrel, dormoufe, mole, and feveral fpecies of the rat and moufe. On Qji the ENG the other hand, the various kinds of do- meftic animals, imported from abroad, have been reared to the greateft perfeflion; and the improvements in the vegetable produ6ls of this ifland have been no lefs confiderable. The rigours of winter, as well as the parching heats of fummer, are felt here in a much lefs degree than in pa- rallel climates on the continent, as the breezes from the fea temper the fe verities of the oppofite leafons ; but the changes of weather are generally more frequent and fudden, while few countries are clothed with fo beautiful and lading a verdure. It’s fituation, however, fo far north, is lefs favourable to the ripening than to the growth of vegetable produflions. The liarvefts, efpecially in the northern parts, often differ from the rains, and the fruits fall fhort of perfect maturity. The richeft parts of the land are, in general, the mid- dle and fouthern: exteniive tra6ls in the northern parts are rather fteril, and on the eaftern coafts, in many parts, the ground is fandy or marfliy. In the north the coun- try is mountainous, and Cornwall and the adjacent counties contain many rough, hilly trails j but, in thefe parts, a variety of rich and valuable minerals and metals are found. Confidered as a corn country , the E. coaft, from it’s fuperior drynefs, is favourable to the growth of grain ; and the W. coaft, from the wetnefs of the cli- mate, is better calculated for pafturage. The mod confiderable rivers are the Thames, Severn, Medway, Trent, Ouie, Tyne, Tees, Wear, Meriey, Dee, Avon, Eden, Dei went. &c. The lakes are chief- ly in the NW. counties} and thole of Wedmorland and Cumberland, in parti- cular, exhibit varieties of romantic, pic- turefque, and grand fcenery. Tiie river- fifh, from the popuioufnels of the country, and the number of lifhers, are, in many parts, much diminilhed ; but the fea is an inexhaudible fource of wealth, and the coads are enlivened by numerous inhabit- ants, who gain their chief fubfiftence from the deep. The man u fa 61 u res and com- merce of this country are prodigious, and abforb almoft the whole attention of many claffes of people. The government is a mixture of monarchy, aridocracy, and democracy j the legiflative power redding in the king, the houfe of lords, and the houfeof commons, but the executive pow- er is veded folely in the king, who ap- points the great officers of date, the judges, and many of even the inferior gradations ef magidracy. The national church eda- blilhment is epilcopal } the 39 articles are interpreted by the clergy, in general, ac- E Nil cording to the liberal principles of Arnii- nius, although the 17th article drongly favours of the Calvinidic creed. Thedil- fenters are numerous, and of different de- fcriptions, but mod of the rigorous penal laws, which were long in force againfl them, have been repealed. England, New, a country of North America, bounded on the W. by New York} on the N. by Canada; on the E. by Nova Scotia and the Atlantic Ocean ; and on the S. by the fame ocean and Long Ifland Sound. It is in many parts hilly ; but the country is, notvvithdanding, fer- tile, well-cultivated, and populous. It was firfi fettled by the Puritans, who were driven from England, at different times, by perfecution. The principal produ6lions are wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, fhx, hemp, and garden vegetables. The ex- ports are fifli, timber, horfes, mules, pct- afh, pearl -afli, faked beef, &c. The col- leges here are in a flourifhing date. It contains five dates, namely, New Hamp- fhire, Maffachufets, Rhode Ifland, Con- ne6licut, and Vermont. The Conne6li- cut, Merrimack, Penobfcot, and Pifcata- way, are the principal rivers. Engle burn, Devonf. nearTotnefs. En- glefield , Berks, 1 mile NW. of Theal ; fo named from the Danes being routed here by king Ethelwolf. EngUton, Staff, at the influx of Breewood Water into the Penk. Englewood Fortjl , Cumb. former- ly about 16 miles in length, and infeded with wild boars, but now disforeded ; be- tween Carlifle and Penrith. English Town, a town of New Jer- fey. Enhant , Hants, NW. of Andover. Enian , a river in Cornwall, running into the Tamer near Brownwally. Enis, Cornw. near Penryn. Enifcrene, in Sligo, Connaught, 13a miles from Dublin. Enisei, a river of Siberia, which rifes on the borders of Chinefe Tartary, and taking a northern courfe, runs into the Frozen Ocean, in lat. 72. 20. N. andlon. 82. o. E. Enijkeon, in Cork, Munder. Enifton Head , a promontory in Donegal, Uiller. Lat. 55. 10. N. ion. 8. 34. W. Enki- macoody , in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Enrnore , Somerfetf. near Bridgewater. Ennerdale. Cumb. near Lamplugh. Here is one of the lakes, or Broadwaters. * Ennis, a large, populous town, in Ireland, capital of the county of Clare, or Thomond. A village, called Clare, is didant about z miles fromm Ennis, which is alio fomctimes called Clare. It is fitu- ated ENT ated on the Fergus, which is navigable for large boats to the Sitannon, and adds greatly to the trade ot the town, 17 miles NW. of Limerick, and 112SW. of Dub- lin. *Enniscorthy, a market town of Wexford, in Leinffer, with a manufacture of coarfe woollen cloth, and feme confider- able iron works. It is 10 miles N. of Wexford, and 59 S. of Dublin. Ennisf alien IJiand , in Kerry, M mi Her, a beautiful die, in Kiliarney Lake, where the tourifts generally dine, in a hall fitted out of one of the aides belonging to an ancient abbey, now in ruins. Enifkeed Church , in Donegal, Ulfter. Ennijkerry , a vdlage in Wicklow, Leiniier, about 10 miles from Dublin, cn the road to the Dargle. Ennijkerry, rhe name of two ifhnds on tne coalt of Clare, Muntter. They are fituated near the Bay of Kilmur- ry, inlat. 52. 40. N. and Ion. 9. 37. W. # Enniskillen, a market town of Fer- managh, in Uifter, with a flourifhing ma- nufacture of linen. It is pleafantly feated on an ifland, in a narrow ftrait between the two parts of Lough Erne, 24 miles SE. of Ballyfhannon, and 79 NW. of Dublin. Eno, or Enos, a town and gulf of Romania, NW. of Gallipoli. Ens, a river of Germany, which riles in the archbifhopric of Saltzburg, about 10 miles W. of Raftadt, and runs into the Danube at Ens. Ens, a town in the archduchy of Au- ftria, fituated at the confluence of the Da- nube and the Ens, 42 miles ESE. of Pal- fau. It is well-built and ftrongly fortified. Ensisheim, a town in rhe dept, of the Upper Rhine, feated on the river 111 , To miles S. of B ifac. Enfon , Shropf. near Monford Bridge. * Enfton, or Neat Enfton, Oxf. SE. of Chipping Norton. Enfton , NE. of Stafford. Enton , Surry, SE. of Godalir.in. Entraigues, a town in the dept, of the Aveiron, 1 8 miles N. of Rhodtz ; and a town in the dept, of the Here, 20 miles SE. of Grenoble. Entrecasteaux, a town in the dept, of the Var, xo miles E. of Barjols. Entre Duero e Minho, a province of Portugal, W. of Tra los Montes, and S. of Galicia, a province of Spain. It is about 60 miles in length, and 37 in breadth. It is divided into 6 jurifdiCtions, which contain 1460 churches, 963 parilhes, 1130 convents, and about 504,000 inhabitants. The air is pure and healthy, and the foil is fertile, producing corn, wine, oil, and flax in abundance } allb feeding great num- EPI bers of flieep, and there is plenty of fifh and game. Braga is the capital. Entnmfte , Lane, near Bury. En-vilde% Staff. 3 miles from Stourbridge. Enivortb , Giouc. in H&fleton paiifli. Eooa, one of theFriendiy Iflands, rich, fertile, and affording beautiful profpeCls from the lea. The uplands exhibit gloves, of fine trees, interlperled at irregular dif- tances, in beautiful diforder. The coun- try near the fhores is covered with fruit and other trees, among which are the ha- bitations of the natives. This ifland was named Middiehurg by Tafrnan, who d if— covered it in 1643. U is fituated in about lat. 21. 24. S. Ion. 174. 30. W. EpaldBay, Kent, W. of Margate Bay. Epallets , Pallets, or Plippolets i Herts, 1 miie S. of Hitchin. Eperies, or Esperies, a town of N. Hungary, remarkable for it’s mines of fait. It is 20 miles N. of Cafchau. Epernay, a town in the dept, of Marne, celebrated for it’s excellent wines and manufactures of doth. It is 16 miles S. of Rheims. Epernon, a town in the dept, of Eure and Loire, 12 miles NE. of Chartres. Epperfton, Nott. 1 mile from Sherwood Foreli, and 2 from the Trent. Ephesus, anciently a celebrated city of Ionia, in Alia Minor, and the capital of the Roman dominions in Afia. Here was the famous temple of Diana, which the ancient Chriftians afterwards converted into a place of public worflxip ; but it is now lb entirely ruined, that it is difficult to find the ground plot: however, there are fome ruins of the walls, and five or fix marble columns, all of a piece, 40 feet in length, and 7 in diameter. It is mow call- ed Ajafalouc, and has (till fome magnifi- cent and curious remains of it’s former fplendour. The fort refs feems to be the work of the Greek emperors.. The only inhabitants are a few Greek families, who have reared huts among the ruins, to (bel- ter themfeives from the weather, and who* are fo illiterate, as to be unable to read, in it’s original language, the Epiitle of Paul to their anceffors, the Ephefians. It is feated at the mouth of the Calirus, and has ftill a good harbour, 40 miles nearly S. of Smyrna. Lat. 37. 52. N. Ion. 27. 42. E. Epinal, a town in the dept, of Vofgcs, noted for it’s paper-mills. It is feated on the river Mofelle, 35 miles SE. of Nanci. Epire, or Epirus, an ancient king- dom of Greece, now united with Albania, of which it forms the fouthern part, ex- tending from Valona to Arta. Qj Epitin, E R I Epiton , Suflex, near Haftings. Epr.ey , done, in Moreton Valence parilh. * Epping, a town of Effex, 17 miles N. by E. of London. Gr^at quantities of ex- cellent butter are made in it’s neighbour- hood. It’s foreft, which is a royal chafe, and reaches from the town almoft to Lon- don, was anciently called the Foreft of Ef fex, and afterwards of Waltham. Mar- kets on Thurfday for cattle, and on Fri- day for provi lions. Epping Forest, in the SW. of Effex, formerly very extenfive. In various parts of it, handfome villas are erefted. Epping, a town of New Hamplhire; and, in particular, a noble one at Wan- ftead. Eppingen, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, fituated on the Elfatz. Eppleby , Yorkf. W. of Darlington. Eppleton, 5 miles from Durham. *Epsom, a town of Surry, once cele- brated for it’s mineral waters, of a purga- tive quality, and the falts produced from them. The orchards, gardens, See. in and about it, give it a charmingly rural ap- pearance. It is 15 miles SW. by S. of London. Market on Friday. Epivell, Oxf. W. of Banbury. Efworth, a long, ftraggling town of Lincolnlhire, in the Ifte of Axholm, with a manufacture of facking, 8 miles N. of Gainlborough, and 166 from London. Market on Saturday. Erbach, a mountainous principality of Franconia, about 21 miles lotig and 18 wide. The inhabitants, who are about 24,000, are chiefly Lutherans. All'o a town in Franconia, capital of the above- mentioned county ; and a town in the elec- torate of Mentz, lituated on the Rhine. Ercol Caftle , 5 miles from Shrewfbury. Ercol Child's , Shropf. NW. of Newport. Erdburronsj, Leicef. near Burrow. Erd - ington , Warw. near the Tame, between Birmingham and Sutton Colefield. Erd- jha.'w, Chelh. 2 miles from Middlewich. Erfort, a large, but thinly peopled town of Thuringia, in Upper Saxony, with an univerlity, fubjeCt to the eleCtor of Mentz. It’s territory comprehends 2 towns and 73 villages, the inhabitants of which are at lb Email a diftance from each other, that they can go, it is laid, to each and return the fame day. It is no miles W. of Drelden, and 160 E. of Cologne. Lat. 50. 54. N. Ion. n. 23. E. Eribol, Loch, an arm of the fea, on the N. coaft of Sutherlandfhire, affording n fate retreat to the largeft veffels. Ericht, Loch, a large lake in the NW. of the diitiiCt of Athol, in Perth- E R L fhire, extending into Invernefslhire. Near this place wandered the unfortunate Prince Charles Stewart, after his difeomfiture at Culloden, in 1746, lurking in caves and among rocks, expoled to the rigours of the climate, fometimes alone, at others with a few faithful adherents, till he, at length, efcaped the fanguinary parties that were in fearch for him, lured by the offered reward. The waters of this lake defeend into another, called Loch Ranncch. Bridget Suflex, 8 miles from Grinftead. Bridge., Suflex, N. of Rotherbridge. Erie, a lake of N. America, fituated between 40. 50. to 43 deg. N. lat. and be- tween 78. 50. to 84. W. Ion. It is about 260 miles long from E. to W. and 40 to 60 broad. It communicates at it’s NE. end with Lake Ontario by the Strait of Niagara. The iflands and banks towards it’s W. end are much infefted with rattle fnakes ; and, on the leaves of the large water lily, which grows here, covering the furface of the water, to an extent of many acres, and other aquatic plants, my- riads'of water fnakes lie balking in the fun in fummer. Of the venomous ferpents which infert this lake, the hilling fnake, about 18 inches long, fmall and fpeckled, is accounted the moft deadly. The wind, which it blows from it’s mouth, if inhaled by the unwary traveller, brings on a de- cline, which proves mortal in a few months, no remedy being yet found to counteract it’s baneful influence. Erighill Church, in Monaghan, Ulfter, 66 miles from Dublin. Eriholm, Yorkfliire, SE. of Darlington. Eringham , Suflex, between Steyning and New Shoreham. Erington, North umberl. SW. of Kirkheaton. Erifden , Northumb, near Tinmouth. Erith , Camb. between HoltwellFcn and Somtrfliam,on theOufe. It has a caufeway leading from St. Ives into the Ifle of Ely. Erith , Kent, on the Thames below Woolwich. Erivan, a city and province of Perfian Armenia. The former is dirty and ill- built ; the ramparts are of earth, and there are about 800 houfes. The churches of the Chriftians are final], and half under ground, refembling catacombs. Lat. 40. 20. N. Ion. 44. 10. E. The province is furrounded by Georgia, Schirvan, Mou- gan, Aderbeitzan, and Turkilh Armenia. Erkblens, a town of Juliers. Erlach, a town and bailiwick of Berne, near the Lake 0/ Bienne. Erlang, a town in Culembach, Fran- conia. Erleham , Norf. SW. of Norwich. Erles Woody Monm. near Strogle Caftle. Erling - tost, ESC ton, Suflex, SW. of Haylftiam. Erme , Cornw. NE. of Truro. Ermeland, a country furrouned by Pjufiia, formerly fubjeft only to it’s own bilhop and chapter, but now a province of Prulfia. The principal towns are Frau- enburg, Braunfberg, and Heilfburg. Ermng Street , Hunt, the .Roman high- way near Stilton. Erndngton, Devon!'. Erne, Lough, a great lake in Ferma- nagh, Ulfter, extending about 30 miles in length j or rather 2 lakes, joined by the narrow ftrait on which the town of Ennif- killen (lands. Erne, St. Cornw. NW. of Saltafh. Er- neley , Su(T. near the Lie of Selfey. Er- nejborongh, Devonf. in Swinbridge parifn. Erpach, a town and county of Suabia ; and a town of Franconia. Erpingham , No if. 4 miles from Ale- iham. Eruan, Si. Cornw. SW. of Pad- liow. Er^wajh, a river in Nott. which riles in the county, and feparating it from Derb. in almoft it’s whole courle, falls into the Trent below Attenton, 4 miles SW. of Nottingham. Erzerum, a city of Turkey, in Alia, built on a peninfula, formed by the fources cf the river Euphrates. It lies in a fruit- ful plain, 5 days journey from the Black Sea, 10 from the frontiers of Perfia, and about 250 miles NNE. of Aleppo. The Turks are about j 8,000, of whom two- thirds are janizaries; they are molt of them tradefmen, and receive no pay: there are ailb 6000 Armenians and 400 Greeks, the latter of whom, being moftly braziers, are obliged to live in the fuburbs, on ac- count of the noife of their hammers. The town is a confiderable thoroughfare for the caravans which pafs to the Indies. Their merchandife is Perfian filks, cottons, calicoes, furs, gall-nuts, rhubarb, and madder. Lat. 40. 4. N. Ion. 43. 2. E. Erzgeburg, a county of Upper Sax- ony, including 64 towns and 700 villages. The mines which it contains, with it’s ma- nufactures, conftitute it’s only riches. EJby , Yorkf. in Cleveland. Escalon a, a town of New Caftile. Eschelles, a town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, 10 miles SW. of Chamberry. EsCHWEGEN,a town of Hefle Rhein - fels, in the circle of Upper Rhine, 14 miles NNE. of Dulfeldorf ; alfo a town of Munfter ; and a town of Ofnaburg. Efcourt, Wilts, near Luggerfhall. Ef~ crick Hail, SE. of York. Escurjal, a village of New Caftile, celebrated for it’s palace and convent, built by Philip II. of Spain, in 1563. It con- fifts of a royal inanfion, a church built E S K after the plan of St. Peter’s at Rome, cloi- fters, a college, a library, combining up- wards of 20,000 volumes, (hops of differ- ent artifts, apartments for a great number of families, an exrenlive park and fine gardens, adorned with a great number cf fountains. It ftands in a dry, barren country, furrounded bv rugged mountains, and is built of grey ftones, found in the neighbourhood. This ftru&ure, built in the form of a gridiron, becaufe St. Law- rence, to whom it is dedicated, was broil- ed on fuch an inftrument, was 22 yegrs in building, and coft 6,000,000 crowns. They reckon in it 800 pillars, 11,000 fquare windows, and 14,000 doors. In the vaulted chapel, there is a magnificent mauioleum, called the Pantheon, fimilar to that at Rome. It is feated on the ri- ver Guadara, 15 miles NW. of Madrid. Efenbull , Warw, W. of Chefter Over. Esens, a town of E. Fritftand. Esfarain, a town of Chorafan, in Perfia. Efgill , Cumb. near Gargill. EJhbury , Surry, near Compton. Efieldwortb, Nor- thumb. near Morpeth. * EJlier, Surry, on the Mole, which winds through it’s beautiful plantations, about 16 miles SW. of London, and 5 SW. of Kingfton, on the road to Portf- mouth. It commands a fine profped the Thames and Hampton Court, as well as of other paits of Middlefex. Efber Waterp. Foggia, a town of Capitanata, in Na- ples, the flapie for wool for all the adjacent country. Foggart . in Louth, Leinfter. Foglia, a river of Urbino, in the pope's territories, which falls into the Adriatic at Pefano. Fogo. See Fuego. Fogtborp, Yorkf. E. Riding, W. of Spalding Moor. Foiana, in Capitanata, Naples. Foix, a town in the dept, of Arriege, containing about 3500 inhabitants. Here is a manufacture of coarfe woollen cloths, and fome copper works. Foix and it’s diftriCl, (on the banks of the Amige, di- vided into Upper and Lower) were for- merly an independent country, but were united to Fiance by Henry IV. It is feated on the river Arriege, at the foot of the Pyrenees, 9 miles N. of Tarafcon. Fokerbie , Yorkf. W. Riding, near the Trent, NW. of Burton. Fokejhill. Warw. 7. miles from Coventry. Fokien, a province of China, forming the coaft oppofne to the Ifland of Formofa. The climate is hot, but the air pure and healthy. It is cultivated in every part, not excepting the mountains, which pro- duce a great deal of rice, being welbwa. f o N tered, from a method which the inhabit* ants have of conveying the water upon ter- races, placed one above another. They trade in precious Hones, quickfilver, Heel, and various utenfils, fiik, linen, calicoes, mufk, & c. This diftnCi has produced a great number of learned men; but every town has it’s peculiar dialed, a circum- ftance which proves inconvenient to tra- vellers. Foutcheou is the capital. Fokingham, a town in Lincolnlhire, Handing on a riling ground, in a whole- fomc air, with abundance of l’prings about it, 8 miles W. by S. of Bofton, and 107 from London. Market on Thurfday. Foklngton, SulT. W. of Pevenfey. Fold , Midd. between Barnet and Kick’s End. Foldingwortb , Line, SW. of Market Rai- fin. Folethorp } Line. SE. of Alford. Foligno, a town of Umbria, in the pope’s territories, remarkable for it’s pa- per mills, filk manufactures, and i'weet- meats. It contains 8 churches, and 23 convents, and is 69 miles N. of Rome. * Folkstone, an ancient town on the S. coaft of Kent . It Hands on hilly ground, and the ftreets are narrow and incommo- dious. A multitude of filhing /’macks be- long to the harbour, and fome veftels are built here. Two hoys fail alternately, every other week, to London. It is £ miles SW. of Dover, and 72 E. by S. of London. Market on Thurfday. Folkefwortb, Huntingdonf. near Stilton. Folke. Dorf. 1 mile W. of Candal Marfti. Follifoot, Yorkf. W. Riding, iti Spoforth parilh. Follonjby, Durham, between New- caftle and Hilton Caftle. Follow , Derbyf. in the High Peak. Fond i, a town of Lavora, in Naples, fituated in a bad air, near a lake of the lame name, 42 miles NW. of Capua. Fonseca, Gulf of. See Ama. PALLA. Font, a river in Northumb. which runs into the German Ocean, a little below Newbiggen. Fontainbleau, a town in the dept, of Seine and Marne, remarkable for it’s magnificent palace, late a hunting feat of the kings of France. It (lands in the midft: of a fnreft, 35 miles SE. of Paris. Fontain L’Eveque, a town in the dept, of the North, fituated near the river Sambre, 3 miles W. of Charleroy. Fontain's Abbey, Yorkf. W. Riding, in Rippon parilh. Fontarabia, a fmall, fea-port town of Guipufcoa, fituated on the river Bidaf- foa, 18 miles SW. of Bayonne. It has a good harbour, though dry at low water, and built in the form of an amphitheatre, on the FOR the declivity of a hill. Lat. 43. 25. N. loti. 1. 49 * W. Fontenai le Comte, a town in the dept, of La Vendee, noted for a woollen manufafture, and it’s 3 great annual fairs for cattle and mules. It is feated on the river Vendee, 25 miles NE. of Rochelle. Fontenoy, a village in Hainault, near which, in May, 1745, the Englifh and their allies, under the Duke of Cumber- land, were defeated by the French, under Marfha! Saxe. The Englilh were at firft fuccefsful and confident of vi£Iory, but through the mifbehaviour of the Dutch, were obliged to quit the field of battle with confiderable lcfs. That of the French however, was not much lefs, It is 4 miles SE. of Tournay. FontenOy, a town in the dept, of the Meurthe $ and a town in the dept, of the Aifne. Fontei'raut, a town in the dept, of Maine and Loire, 6 miles E. of Saumur, and 160 W. of Paris. Fonthill , Gifford and Bijhop's, Wilts, E. of Hindoo. Fontntell, Great and Little , Dorfetf. Foot's Cray, Kent, 12 miles from London. For ad ada, a fmallifland near Majorca. Forbridge , or Forjbrook , Stafford!*, near Cheadle. Forcalquier, a town in the dept, of the Lower Alps, firuated on the little river Laye, 26 miles NE. of Aix. Forcheim, a town of Bamberg, in Franconia. Ford, Durham, near Lanchefter. Ford , Kent, in Wrotham parifti. Ford , Kent, in Godrnerfiiam parifh. Ford , Midd. near A Alford. Ford, W. of Shrewfbury. Ford , Suflex, on the river between Arundel and it’s haven. Ford , Staff, near Grindon. Ford, GIouc. in the parifn of Guiting Temple. Fordcajlle . N01 thumb, in Wol- ler lordAiip. Ford Green , Staff, between Newcaftle under Line and Leek. Ford Hall , Warw. in t lie precinft of Afpley. Fordham , Camb. NW. of Newmarket. Fordbam , Elfex, NW. of Colchefter. Ford- ham, Norf. S. of Downhani. Fordhook , Midd. betvveen Afton and Ealing. Fordingbridge, a town of Hants, with a manufacture of tickings, in which a great number of looms are employed. It was formeily much larger than it is now, having often, fuffered by fire. It is fituat- ed on the Avon, 20 miles W. of Whi- chever, and 87 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Fordington , near Dorchefter, and once a fubtub to that town. Fcrdley, Staff. SW. of Dunwich. Fordmore Devonfhire, in FOR Piympton parifh. Fordon , Yorkf. NW. of Burlington. Ford's Water, Effex, near Hadleigh. Fordavich , a member of Sand- wich, in Kent, feated on the river Stour, in which excellent trouts are taken. It is 3 miles NE. of Canterbury, and 8 W. of Sandwich. Fore , in Weft Meath, Leihfter. Foreland, North, is the NE. point of the Ifle of Thanet, in Kent. It is alfo the moft fouthern part of the port of Lon- don: the Nafe, in Effex, on the oppofite fide of what is accounte«d the mouth of the Thames, is about 40 miles over. Here is a iound brick tower, near 80 feet high, erected as a fea mark. Foreland, South, a headland on the E. coaft of Kent, between Dover and Deal. Between the two Forelands is the noted road, called the Downs, to which thofc promontories affo-d a great fecurity. Forejl, in Dublin, Leinfter. Forest Towns, 4 towns of Auftrian Suabia, lying along the Rhine, and the confines of Swiflerland, from Bafil to Zu- rich. Their names are Waldfhut, Lauf- fenburg, Seckingen, and Rheinfield. Forez, a ci-devant country of France, chiefly a large and fertile valley, interleft- , ea by feveral ftreains which fall into the Loire. Roanne and Mombriffon are the principal towns. It now forms part of the dept, of Rhone and Loire. Forfar, a county of Scotland. See Angusshire. * Forfar, the county-town of the fhire of Angus, contains many neat modern houfes, and has a confiderable manufafture of limn. It is 14 miles SW. of Montrofe, and 23 NE. of Perth. Eorges, a town in the dept, of Lower i Seine, remarkable for it's mineral waters. Forgland, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Forkbill , in Armagh, Uifter. Forland, Cumb. E. of Brampton. For - land, Baft, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. For Li, a town, capital of a territory of Romagna, in Italy. It is feated in a fer- tile and healthy country, 12 miles SSW. of Ravenna. Formark Hall, Derbyf. near Swamfton on Trent. Formby , Lane, on the fea, near Altmouth, among marftiy grounds, where an excellent turf is dug, that ferves both for fire and candle. Formello, a town in the Patrimonio, 10 miles NW. of Rome. Formosa, or Taiouan, an ifland in the Chinefe Se3, feparated from the pro- vince of Fokien by a ftralt, about 60 miles over, where narroweft. It is about 240 miies in length, and 60 where broadeft, 1 and FOR and is Tubjeft to the emperor of China, al- though the eaftern part is mortly held by the natives. The plains are fertilifed by numberlefs rivulets. A chain of moun- tains runs nearly through it’s whole extent from N. to S. It’s air is pure and whole- fome, and the land produces oranges, ba- nanas, and other Indian and European fruits. Tobacco, fugar, pepper, camphire, and cinnamon, are alfo common here. This iliand received it’s name of Formofa from the Europeans, on account of it’s fingular beau y. In the fpring of 1782, a great part' of it was overwhelmed, and almoft totally deftroyed by a hurricane and inun- dation of the fea. Formosa, art ifland of the Atlantic, near the coaft of Africa, about 6 miles long and 3 wide. The foil is fertile, and well covered with trees, but it wants fprings of good water. Lat. 11. 29. N. Ion. 14. 20. E. Forncet, Norf. SE. of Windham. Fornello, a town of Molifo, in Na- p'es. Fornbam All Saints , Fornham Genefis, and Fornham, St. Martin' s, Suffolk, near Bury. Fornfide, Cumb. near Kefwick. Forres, a town of Murray (hire, con- taining fome manufa£lures of linen and fewing thread. Near it is an ancient, re- markable column, 25 feet in height, and 3 in breadth, carved with folditrs, on horfeback and on foot, &c. fpppofed to have been ere&ed in memory of the defeat of the Danes, near the fpot, in the year 1008, by Malcolm II. before their final re- treat from Scotland, called King Sweno's Stone , or, The Danijh Pillar. Forres is fituated on an eminence, near a final! river, 2 miles E. of the river Findhorn, and 10 miles nearly W. of Elgin. Forreft Hill , NE. of Oxford. Forrejl Row, Suff. Forfet, Yorkf. SE. of Bar- nard’s Caftle. Forjlen , Dorfetf. NW. of Charminfter. Forften, Northumb. near Chefter in the Wall. Fort Chefter , in Wicklow, Leinfter. Forten, Shropfi. near Caufe Cattle. Fort Dauphin, A fortrefs of the Ifland of Madagafcar, on the fouthern coat!, built by the French in 164.3, but long fince abandoned. Forteventura, or Fuerteven- TURa, one of the Canary Iflands, about 50 miles in length, and from 8 to 24 in breadth, confifting of two peninfulas, join- ed together by an ifthmus, about 12 miles long. The foil is fertile in wheat, bar- ley, roots, and fruits, and beautifully di- verlified with hills and valleys, well wa- tered and fupplud with a variety of tim- F O T ber. There is allb a prodigious abundance of dates, maftic, olives, orchel for dying, and a fpecies of fig-tree, that yields a me- dicinal balm, as white as milk. An incredible quantity of goats-milk cheefe is made here, the ifland breeding upwards of 50,000 kids every year, whofe flefh is fat- ter, better coloured, and Tweeter than in any other country ; each of them weighing between 40 and 50 pounds. It affords alio plenty of beeves. There are 3 towns on the eaftern coaft, Langla, Tarafato, and Pozzo Negro j and there is a good road for (hipping, betweefi this ifiand and the Ifland of Lobos. Lat. 28. 4. N. Ion. 14. 32. W. Forth, one of the fineft rivers in Scot- land, which rifes near the bottom of Lo- mond Hills. Between Stirling and Alloa, it meanders fo much through a beautiful country that it is 24 miles by water be- tween thefe two places, although only 4 by land. After a courfe of near 40 miles it expands below Stirling into a noble ef- tuary, called the Frith of Forth. See Ca- nal, Great. Fortbamplon, Gloucef. 3 miles W. of Tewkefbury. Forton , a river in Devonf. which runs into the Credy near Crediton. Forton, Staff, near Newport in ShropL Fortoy, Glouc. in Nibley parifh. Fortrose, a decayed town in Rofs- fhire, fituated on the Murray Frith. Forty Feet Way, Northamp. in the Ro- man Way from Caftor to Stamford. Forty Hill , Midd. in the parifh of Enfield. For - wood, Warw. near W hr ley. Foryherry , Cornw. near Botreaux C iftle. Fofcet, N. of Buckingham. Fofhaw, Warw. near Solihull. Fossano, a town of Piedmont, fieated on the river Srura, to milts N. of Coni. Fosse, the Roman Military Way, be- gins at Totnefs, and palling through Ex- eter, Bath, Cirencefter, Leicelter, Newark, and Lincoln, to Barton upon Humber, is yet vifible in many parts, though of 1400 years Handing. There were fortes, or ditches, made by the fide of it. Fojfe, a river in Yorkf. which runs into the Oufe, near York. ‘ FoJJ 'e Dike, Line, parts Lindfey and Kefteven, and is 7 milts in length. Fojfe, or Liven, a river in Lane, which runs into the Irifh Sea at Le- ven Sands. Fossombrone, a town of Urbino. Foflon, Leic. near Kilby. Foflon, Yorkf. near Knar^fborough". Fotherby, Lincoln!'. SW. of Saltfleet. Fotheringay, a town of Nortamp- tonfhire, fituated near the river Nen, 2 miles N. of Oundle, and 9 S. of Stamford. Here FOW Here are the ruins of a very ancient caftle, in which King Richard III. was born, and in which the unfortunate Mary, queen of Scotland, was confined and beheaded. It was deftroyed by order of James I. Fothog , Heref. on the borders of Breck- nockf. Fovant , Wilts, between Hindon and Downton. Foue, or Faoua, a town of Egypt, feated on the W. branch of the Nile, 16 miles SE. of Rofetta. Fougeres, a town in the dept, of life and Vilaine, containing about 4000 inha- bitants, whofe principal trade is in leather. In the year 1202, this town was taken by John, king of England. It is feated on the river Coefnon, 25 miles NE. of Rennes. Foulbridge , Yorkf. N. Riding, S. of Pickering Foreft. Foully , Yorkf. SE. of Wakefield. Foulderby , SrafFbrdf. NE. of Walfall. Fouldrey Pile, Lane, a rock near Foulney Ifle. Foulkton , Yorkf. E. Rid- ing, near Flixton. Foulmere , 9 miles from Cambridge, SE. of Royfton. Foulney lfle , Lane, in Loynldale, SW. of the Sands. Foulsham, a fmall town of Norfolk, 16 miles NW. of Norwich, and m NE. of London. Market on Tuefday. Foultborp , Durh. near Stockton. Found- ington, Stiff, near Chichefter. Fountain Abbey, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Borough- bridge. Four Feet Ifland , Kent, Margate Road. Four Mile Water, a village in Water- ford, Munller, 4 miles from Clonmell, Fourneaux, a fmall, low, circular ifland of the S. Pacific Ocean, difeovered by Bougainville, and afterwards by Capt. Cook. Some inhabitants and cocoa trees were feen. Lat. 17. 1 1. S Ion. 143. 7. W. Fournefs, Lane, in Loynldale, a tra£l between the Kent, Leven, and Dudden Sands: here are (lately ruins of an old ab- bey. The continuation of Fournefs Fells to the S. forms a promontory running out into the fea, or rather the lands, which are eroded at low water by the affiftance of guides. Four Shire Stones , Oxford!', near Caftleton. Fowberry, Northumb. near Ogle. Fowcburcb , Heref. SE. of Golden Vale. Fowey, or Foy, a populous and fiou- rifhing town and harbour of Cornwall, feated at the mouth of the river Fowey, which rifing in the NE. part of the coun- try, and running in a SW. direction, paffes Leftwithiel, and here falls into the Englilh Channel, being very broad and deep, and forming a commodious and fate harbour, capable of receiving large veffels. It was formerly, for it’s .maritime exertions, made a member of the Cinque Ports, and now has a confitlerable ftiafe in the pilchard FOY fifhery. It has a refpe&able foreign trade, and is 32 miles SW. of Launcefton, and 240 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Fonvlnefs, Norf. NE. of Oxborough. Fonvlnefs , an ifland E. of Walfleet. Fowl Sutton , SE. of Yorkf. Foivmind, Heref. W. of the Golden Vale. Fownhope, SE. of Hereford, on the Wye. Foxall , Suffolk, SE. of Ipfwich. Foxbrooke, Staff. NW. of Draycot. Foxcoat, Northamp. near Towcelter. Foxcoat, Warw. a member ofllmington. Foxdenton, L anc. NE. of Mandielter. Foxford, a town of Mayo, in Con- naught, fituated on the river May, (which, about a mile and a half below, falls into Lough Conn) 8 miles nearly N. of Caftle- bar. Foxham , VFilts, NW. of Caine. Fox- beard, Stiff, between Clare and Sudbury. Foxholes , Derbyf. in the High Peak. Fox- holes, Yorkf. W. of Burlington. Fox Islands, a group of iflands in the Northern Archipelago, 16 in number. The) are feated between the E. coaft of Kamtfchatka, and the W. coaft of -N; America, between 52 and 55 deg, of 'N. latitude, and are fo named, on account of the great number of black, grey, and red foxes with which they abound. The in- habitants drefs in furs, and ornament their heads with Ihowy caps. They live toge- ther in focieties of families united, which form what they call a race, who mutually aid each other. The inhabitants of the fame ifland account themielves of the fame race; and each looks upon the ifland as a pofleffion which is common to all indivi- duals of the fame fociety. They have nei- ther chiefs nor fuperiors, neither laws nor punifhments. They feed upon the flelh of all forts of lea animals, and generally eat it raw. When they drefs their food, they make ufe of a hollow (lone, in which they place the filh or flelh; they then cover it with another, and dole the inCerftices with lime or clay ; they then lay it horizontally on two ftones, and light a fire under it j and by this mode of cookery the meat re- tains more of it’s fucculency. The meat intended for keeping, is dried without fait, in the open air. They feed their child- ren, when very young, with the coarfeft flelh, and for the molt part raw. The Ruffians trade with them, and call their illands the LyffieOftrova. Foxley , Norf. SW. of Repeham. Fox- ley, Wilts, near Malmlbury. Foxton> Camb. near Harlfton. Fox/on , Durham, W. of Foultborp. Foxton, Leic 2 miles from Market Harborough. Foye, Heref. N. of Rofle. Foye Well , Cornw. SE. of Camel ford. Umirayed rbr TFa&av tfr, Hrraph;/ in Dublin, Leinfter. Garfall , Staffordfh. in Milwich manor. GMrJdon , Wilts, near Malmlbury. Gar- fington , Oxf. between Oxford and Wheat- ley. Garjlally Yorkf. between Dent and the river Rother. # Garstang, a large, populous town of Lancalhire, built in a very irregular manner, with dirty ftreets, and very in- different houfes. It is feated on the river W'yre, (by which it communicates with all the late inland navigations), on the road between Prefton and Lancaller, from which latter place it is 10 miles S. and GAT 224 NNW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Garjion , Herts, in Watford parilh. Garjion, Lane, in Childwall parifh. Gar- jion , Staffordf. NE.of Cheadle. Garjiont Eajly Berks, near Hungerford. Carthamy Yorkf. E. Riding, NE. of Htadon. Gar - tkorp, Leicefterf. E. of Melton Mowbray. Garthorp, Line, in Luddington parifn. Garton, Yorkf. in Holdernels. Gartz, a town of Rugen Ifiar.d, in Sweciifh Pomerania ; and a town of Stet- tin, in Prufiian Pomerania. Garaugh, in Derry, Ullter. Garvaghyy in Down, Ullter. Garvejlony Norfolk, between Hingham and Dereham. Garvjay, Heref. NW. of Monmouth. Gar e ivi?igton, Kent, in Beakfbourn parilh. Gascony, a ci devant province of France, fituated between the Garonne, the Bay of Bifeay, Languedoc, Foix, and the Pyrenees. Gassenhoven, a town of the ci-de- vant Auftrian Brabant. Gajon , Surry, in Blechingley parifh. Gajlhorp , Norfolk, SW. of Eaft Hailing. Gajwood, Lane. 4 miles from Wigan. Gatcomb > Gloucef. near Awre. Gatcomby Ifle of Wight, near Carifbrook. Gate - Suffex, W. of Rye. Gateburton Line, be- tween Lincoln and Gainfborough. Gate- comby Devonf. near Totnefs. Gatehamp- tony Oxfordfh. on the Thames, between Whitchurch and Goring. Gatehelmfiey , Yorkfhire, N. Riding, below Stanford Bridge. Gatehoufey a village of Kirkcudbright- fhire, fituated at the mouth of the river Fleet, 9 miles NW. of Kirkcudbright. It confifts of three regular ftreets, all built within thirty years. Here is a cotton- mill ; and f’mall floops come up the river, within a fhort diftance of the town. Gateley , Norfolk, between Derdiam and Fakenham. Gatemerjion , Dorfetfli. near E. Ltd worth. Gatenbyy Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, SE. of Bedal. Gatefendy Norfolk, SE. of Ragthorp. •Gateshead, a town, or village, in the county of Durham, is, as it were, a fuburb of Newcaftle, being united to it by a itone bridge over the Tyne, It is fitu- ated on ground as uneven and fteep as is that, of Newcaftle. Gatejlnlly Surry, near Godalmin. Gate - njoicky Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Gaton, NW. of Cambridge. Gatre f Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, SW. of Wheatley. Gattacre, Shropf. SE. of Bridgenorth. Garten, Shropf. NW. of Ratlinghope. Gallon , Surry, 19 miles from London, under the fide of a hiil, on S 4 the G E A the road to Ryegate. Gatnvtck, Suflfex, near Steyning. Gavardo, a town in the Brefciano. Gaudens, St. a town in the dept, of Upper Garonne, feated on the river Ga- ronne, 30 miles E. of Tarbe. Gaveren. See Waveren. Gaughey, Yorkf. W. hiding, NW. of Rjppon. Gavi, a town of Genoa. Gaul, the ancient name of France. Gaunt's Urcoty Qloucef. in the hundred of Thornbury. Gauthorp , Yorkf. W. of New Malton. Gauthorp , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Bingley. Gauthorp Hally *Yorkf. W. Riding, in Harwood parifh. Gauts, the, Balla Gaut Moun- tains, or Indian Apennines, moun- tains of Hindooftan, extending from Cape Ccmarin to the Tapty, or Surat River, at unequal diftances from the coaftj fel- dom 60 miles, commonly about 40, and in one fpace approaching within 6 miles. They rife abruptly from the low country, called the Concan, or Cockum, fupport- ing, in the nature of a terrace, a vail ex- tent of fertile and populous plains, which are fo elevated as to render the air cool and pleafant. This celebrated ridge, in it’s courfe along the Tapty, forms Several GauiSy that is, partes ordeftents, (accord- ing to the original import of the word, which means a landing place) toward that riverr Gawcoi in Buckingham parifli. Gaivfe- *wortk Hall , Cheshire, near Macclesfield. Ga^-wthorp, Lane. nearColney. Gaynfordy Durh. on the Tees, 3 miles E. of Bernard Caftle. Gaynton , Devonf. SW- of Tor- bay. Gayjley , Suffolk, E. of Newmarket. Gayteford, Nott. a hamlet of Work fop. Gayteforthy Yorkf. W. Riding, between Snaith and Sherborn. Gayton , CheSh. on the Dee, W. of Raby. Gayton , Norfolk, NW. of CalfK acre. Gayton, near North- ampton. Gayton , Staff, near Milwich. Gaytonthorp, Norf. N. of Gayton. Gay - hvood , Norf. near Lynn. Gaza, an ancient town of Paleftine, fituated about a mile from the fea, with a harbour called New Gaza. It now hardly contains 2000 inhabitants, but it’s ruins /hew it to have been onee of confiderable extent. It is the refidence of a baShaw, and is 50 miles SW. of Jerufalem. Lat. 31. 28. N. Ion. 34. 45. E. Gearby's , Great, ESfex, near Ilford and Wanfted. Gearon, or Jaroon, a town of Far- fiftan, in Perfia, famous for it’s excellent dates. Lat. 28. 15. N. Jon. 51. 17. E. Geajhill , in King’s County, Leinfter. GEN Gedding , Snff. SW. of Wulpet. Ged- dington , Northamp. 1 mile from Bough- ton. Gedling , near Nottingham. Ged - flon , Rutl. NW. of Colly wefton. Ged- ney, Line, near Fleet and Tid. Gedney , Somerf. near Glaftonbury. Gefle, Gevalia, or Giawle, a town, the capital of Geftricia, in Sweden, with a good harbour, on the Gulf of Both- nia, It is the moft commercial town in this northern part of Sweden ; it’s exports are principally iron, pitch, tar, and planks. Two- thirds of the inhabitants are fifhermen. It is fituated on Alder- holm, an ifland formed hy the three arms of the river Geffle, or Gentle, 55 miles N. by W. of Upfal. Lat. 60. 45. N. Ion. 17. o. E. Geildorf, a town of Limburg, in Suabia. Geislingen, an imperial town of Suabia. Geifl, Norf. SW. of Twiford. GelJ}- wick, Norfolk, W. of Carton. Geldfton, Norf. SE. of Seching. Geldfton , Herts, near Hunfdon. Geldftony Line. N. of Grantham. Gellecrag , Northumb. between Tine- dale and Cumberland. Gelnhausen, atown of Hanau Mun- zenburg, circle of Upper Rhine. Geli : a river in Cumberland, which runs into the Irthing below Haton. Gemappe, a village of Hainault, 2* miles SW. of Mode. The battle fought here, between the French and Auftrians, Nov 5. 1792, was moft obftinately dif- puted* but the Auftrians were at iength compelled to quit the field, and retire to Mons. Gemblingy Yorkf. E. Riding, NW. of Horn fey. Gemblours, a town of the ci devant Aurtrian Brabant, feated ou the river O. ne, 10 miles NW. of Namur. Gemingen, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine. Geminians, St. a town of Tufcany. Gemund, or Gmund, a town of Ju- liers, in Weftphalia; an imperial town of Suabia j a town of Caririthia : and a town in the archduchy of Auftria. Gemund, or Gemunden, a town of Wurtzburg, in Franconia j and a town in the archduchy of Auftria. Gemunden, a town of Leiningenj and a town of Hefte Cartel, both in the circle of Upper Rhine. Gemuyd, a town of Upper Auftria, confiderable for it’s falt-works. Genep, a town in the ci-devant Auf- trian Brabant. 3 Geneva, GEN Geneva, an ancient, large, and popu- lous city and republic, on the confines of France, Savoy, and Swifferland. It is feated at the SW, extremity of the lake of the fame name, and is divided by the Rhone, which partes through the lake, into two unequal parts. Geneva, which lies partly in the plain on the borders of the lake, and partly on a gentle afcent, is irre- gularly built. The houfes are lofty j and many that (land in the trading parts of the city, have arcades of wood, which are railed even to the upper dories. Thele arcades, fupported by pillars, give a gloomy appearance to the ftreet, but are ufeful to the inhabitants in protecting them from the fun and rain. It contains about 24,000 people ; but the territory or diftriCl is fmall. They are in alliance with the Swifs Cantons, and after various revolutions, with which they have been agitated from time to time, for near two centuries, the democrats, in 1789, pre- vailed over the ariftocracy, of which the fenate and fyndics, or chief magiftrates, were compofed. A conllitution was late- ly eftablifhed here, favourable to the rights of the people, and perhaps judicioufiy mo- delled between the two extremes 3 but it now forms an integral part of the French republic. The citizens of both fexes are remarkably well inftruCled, “ and it is no uncommon,” fays Dr. Moore, “ to find mechanics, in the intervals of labour, amufing themfelves with the &orks of Locke, Montefquieu, Newton, and other fimilar productions. It is 40 miies NE. of Chamberry. and 126 NW. of Turin. Lat. 46. 12. N. Ion. 6. 10. E. Geneva, Lake of, an expanfe of wa- ter between S* iffcrland and Savoy, extend- ing from Geneva to Yilleneuve, 54 miles in length, ana 12 in breadth, in it’s wideft part. From Geneva to the environs of Laufanne, the country flopts for a confi- derahle way, to the margin of the lake, and is enriched with a variety and profu- fion of natural beauties. Near Laulanne, the banks rife confiderably, and form a terrace ; a few miles beyond the town is a rapid defeent. The colour of the water is extremeiy beautiful, clear, and at a dis- tance feems of a fine blue. The depth is various 3 the greateft yet found, by found- ing, is 160 fathoms. It abounds in fifti, remarkable as well for their excellence as fize. Like all inland lakes, inclofed with- in high mountains, it is fubjecl to iudden ftorms. Among the birds which frequent this lake, are the tippet grebes, which ap- pear only in the winter. They are oblig- ed to build in other places, this lake being GEN almoft deftitute of reeds and rufhes, in which they form their floating nefts. Gengenbach, an imperial town of the Ortenau, in Suabia. Gengaux de Royal, St. a town in the dept, of the Saone and Loire, remark- able for it’s excellent wines. It is 17 miles SW. of Chalons. Geniez, St. a town in the dept, of Aveiron, 18 miles ENE. of Rhodez. Genis, a town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, feated on the river Guier, 12 miles W. of Chamberry. Gennis , Cornw. NE. of Bofcaftle. Genoa, a city of Italy, capital of a re- public of the fame name. It is about 10 miles in circumference, and built like an amphitheatre. The houfts are five or fix ftories high, and well built, and the pa- laces and public buildings are numerous. The harbour is large and good, and, to preferve it, they have built a mole 560 paces in length, 13 in breadth, and 15 feet above the level of the water. It is popu- lous, and one of the moll commercial places in Italy. They have manufactures in velvet, plufii, damafk, and filk j and the banking bufinefs is carried on extenfively 0 The ordinary revenue of this republic is about 200,000!. a year. The govern- ment is purely ai iftotratic. There is a great council, con filling of 80 perfons, chofen out of the old and new nobility, in whom he legiflative authority refides, but the adminiftration of affairs is vefted in a fenate, confiding of a doge, and 2 fena- tors. The nobility are often employed in trade, and generally keep two or three years’ provision of corn, wine, and oil in their magazines, which they fell to the people in fcarce times. The Geonefe fleet, anciently celebrated for it’s victories over the Saracens, Pifanefa, Venetians, Spa- niards, and Turks, and a long time maf- ters of Sardinia, Malta, Majorca, Minor- ca, Candia, Cyprus, the Crimea, and other places in the Archipelago, is now reduced to fix galleys. Genoa was bom- barded by the French, in 1684, and taken by the Auftrians, in 17463 theoppreflion of thefe laft, however, was fuch, that the inhabitants luddenly rofe and expelled their conquerors, who again befieged the city the next year, but without effeil. It is 62 miles SE. of Turin, and 224 NW. of Rome. Genoa, the republic, extends along thd Gulf of Grnoa for about 120 miles 3 but it’s breadth is unequal, varying from 8 to nearly 20 miles. On the land fide it is bounded by Piedmont, Momfcrrat, Mi- lan, Placentia, Parma, and Modena. It is populous. GEO populous, well cultivated, and fertile near the fea; but the inner parts are mountain- ous and barren. Gentlejhall. Staff. W. of Lichfield. George, Fort, in Invernefslhire, a ftrong and regular fort refs, with leveral if reets of barracks, and completely com- manding the harbour of Invernefs. George, Lake, in the ftate of New York, lies SW. of Lake Champlain, and is 24. miles long and 3 wide. The N. end is 2 miles S. of Ticonderago. George Town, a town and diftrift of S. Carolina, 12 miles from the Atlan- tic, and 55 miles N. by E. of Charlefton ; alfo a town of Maryland. George, Fort St. See Madras. George’s Key, St. a fmall ifland of N. America, off the coaft of Honduras, called allb Cafina, or Cayo Cafma. By a convention in 1786, the Englifh logwood cutters in the Bay of Honduras were per- mitted, under certain reftri&ions, to oc- cupy this ifland. George, St. or Del Mina, the prin- cipal fettlement of the Dutch on the Gold Coaft of Guinea, about 8 miles W. of Cape Coaft Caftle. Lat. 5. o. N. Ion. o. 22. W. George's, St. a little ifland S. cf Ve- nice, noted for it’s fine Benedi£line church and abbey. George’s, St. one of the Bermuda, or Summer Iflands. It is about 15 miles long and 3 broad, and is divided into 9 pariflies ordiftrifts. George, St. one of the Azores, about 30 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. The ibil is, in general, level, except towards the N. where it is rocky and barren ; in other parts, it is fertile in corn and other produSUons. It is inhabited by about 5000 perfons. The chief town is of the lame name. Lat. 38. 39. N. Ion. 28. W. George, St. an ifland of N. Ameri- ca, in the ftrait between the Lakes Supe- rior and Huron. George, St. Somerfetfhire, near Briftol. George ham, Devonf. on the coaft, SW. cf Ilfracomb. George's , St. Gloucef. near BiiftoJ. George’s Channel, St. between England and Ireland. George's Hill , St. Surry, NW. of E flier. George's IJlaml , St. Cornw. oppofite to E. and W. Looe. Georgia, a fertile country of Afia, called by the Perfians Gurgiftan, and by the Turks Gurtfhi, is fituated between the Black and Cafpian Seas, and compre- hends the ancient Iberia, and part of Col- chis. . It is lurrounded by the Ruffian GEO government of Caucafus, Circaflia, Da- gheftan, Schirvan, and Armenia. It is divided into 9 provinces. Of thefe, 5 form the kingdom of Georgia , the other 4 form the principality of Imeritia. The hills are covered with forefts of beech, oak, afh, chefnuts, walnuts, and elms, encircled with vines, growing fpontaneoufly, and producing vaft quantities of grapes. Cot- ton alfo grows fpontaneoufly, as well as the fineft fruit-trees. Rice, wheat, millet, hemp, and flax, are raifed on the plains, almoft without culture. The valleys af- ford fine pafturage ; the rivers are full of fifh, the mountains abound with minerals, and the climate is delicious. The rivers, however, being fed by mountain- torrents, are always too rapid or too fhallow for the purpofes of navigation. Georgia was formeily one kingdom, the inhabitants of which were Chriftians ; but, fince 1639, when it was .conquered by the Perfians, the country is divided between two native princes, by themfelves called kings, but by the fophi ftyled governors. Each of thefe lias a guard of Mahometan horie in their pay. The Georgians are fkilled in the ufe of the bow, and are thought to be the beft foldiers in Afia. Their drefs re- fembles that of the Coflacks; but thofe that are wealthy affect the habit of the Perfians. They ufually dye their hair, beards, and nails red. The women, who are celebrated for their beauty, ftain the palms of their hands ot the fame colour, and paint their eyebrows black, in fuch a manner as to form one entire line, while the reft of the face is coated with white and red. Being generally educated in con- vents, they can read and write ; qualifica- tions uncommon with the men, even of the higheft rank. The inhabitants are Chriftians, partly of the Greek, partly of the Armenian church. Here are alfo Tar- tars, Ofli, Armenians, and a confiderable number of Jews. Of thefe laft, fome have villages of their own ; others are mixed with the Georgian, Armenian, and Tar- tarian inhabitants, but never with the Ofli. They pay a ftnall tribute above that of the natives. There are only four con- fiderable towns, Tefiis, Gori, Suram, and Ali. Georgia, the mod fouthern of the United Stages of N. America, is bounded on the E. by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the S. by E. and W. Florida; on the W. by that- part of Loufiana which lies to the E. of the river Mifliflippi ; and on the N. by S. Carolina and the Tenallee government. It extends about 420 miles from E. to W. and from 140 to 240 from N. to S. It contains jj TUoL-n winautj, War* 3 M' Line. S. of Kirton, in Lindiey. Gers, a department of France, bound- ed on the E, by the dept, of Upper Ga- ronne* GEY ronne, and on the W. by the dept, of Landes. It has it's name from a river which rifes in the dept, of the Upper Py- renees, erodes the department of it’s own name, and watering Seifian, Auch, Lec- toure, &• c. falls into the Garonne about 3 miles SE. of Agen. Auch is the princi- pal town. Gersau, a town and fmall territory of Schweitz, in Swiflerland, fituated on the N. fid# of the Lake of the Four Cantons, 6 miles SW. of Schweitz. Gertruydenburg, atownofDutch Brabant, with a good harbour, formed by the Merwe, which here expands into a confiderable lake, called Biejbock, of about two hours paflage acrols to Dort, from which place it is about 10 miles SE. and 7 NE. of Breda. Gertruydenburg, a town of Ofna- burg, in Weftphalia, 1 mile E. of Oiha- burg. Gervace Abbey , Y orkf. near Mid d leham . Gerumfnha, a town of Alentejo, feated on a hill, near the river Guadiana, 18 miles below Badajox. Geseke, a town in the duchy of Weft- phalia. Ge fling, Suffex, SW. of Winchelfea. Geflingtborp , Eflex, near Sudbury. Gestricia, or Gestrike, a province of Sweden, bounded on the N. by Helfing- land j on the E. by the Gulf of Bothnia 5 on the S. by Upland, Weftmanland, and Dalecarlia ; and on the W. by Dalecarlia. It is richly diverfified by an alternate fuc- ceflion of forefts, rocks, hills, and dales, pafture and arable land, lakes and rivers. The beauty of the landfcape is greatly heightened by the Dahl, the fineft river in Sweden, which meanders through the whole extent of this province. The in- habitants do not much concern themfelves with agriculture, deriving their principal fupport from the mines, forges, forefts, lakes, and rivers. Gefle is the capital. Ge vaudan, a ci-devant, mountainous, barren territory of Languedoc, S. of Au- vergne, and E. of Rouerge. Mende was the capital. Gever. See Gower. Gewendale, York!, near Rippon. Gex, a town in the dept, of Ain, feated at the foot of Mount St. Claude, between the Rhine, the Lake of Geneva, and Swif- ferland, noted for excellent cheefe, 10 miles NW. of Geneva. Geydon, Warwickfhire, NE. of King- ton. Geyer, a town of Erzgeburg, in Up- per Saxony, with manufa6tures of vitriol, lulphur, alum, and arfenic, and fituated in the raidft of mines. G H I Gezira, a town of Diarbekir, in Afi- atic Turkey, 60 miles SE. of Diarbekir. Ghanah, or Ghanarah, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Wangara, fitu- ated on the Niger, in lat. 15. 30. N. and Ion. 15. 56. E. Gbarburton, Northumb. a member of the manor of Herrefhewed. Ghent, a confiderable city of the ci- devant Auftrian Flanders, containing 6 parifh churches, befides the cathedral, a great many religious houfes, and about 70,000 inhabitants, but not populous in proportion to it’s extent, which is fo great, that Charles V. is reported to have faid to the French king, Francis I. “ I have a glove,” (the French name for Ghent be- ing a glove,) “ in which I can put your whole city of Paris.” The city is divided by canals into 26 iflands, and over the canals there are 300 bridges. The ftreets are large, and the market-place is fpacious. They have flourifliing manu- factures o.f filk, woollen, linen, and a great trade in corn. There is a large canal which pafles from Ghent to Bruges, and thence to Oftend ; and another, which pafles to Sas de Ghent. Ghent is fi-ated on the confluence of the rivers Scheldt, Lis, Moeze, and Lieve, 26 miles NW. of Bruflels. Lat. 51. 3. N. Ion. 3. 49. E. Ghergong, a city of India, capital of the kingdom of Aflam, feated on a river which runs a little below into the Burram- pooter, about 400 miles NE. of Calcutta. Lat. 26. 25. N. Ion. 93. 40. E. Gheriah, a town of Hindooftan, fitu- ated on the W. fide, or Pirate Coaft, in the country of Concan. It was the prin- cipal port of Angria, a famous piratical prince, whofe fort here was taken, and his whole fleet deftroyed, by Admiral Watfon and Colonel Clive, in conjundion with the Mahrattas, in 1756. It is about 8p miles NNW. of Goa. Lat. 16. 45. N. Ion, 73, 7. E. GniLAN,a beautiful province of Perfia proper, extending along the SW. coaft of the Cafpian Sea, and l'uppofed to be the Hyrcania of the ancients. It has Schirvaa to the N. Aderbeitzan and part of Irac- Agemi to the W. and Mezanderan to the SE. and is about 200 miles long, and 150 broad. The fea forms it’s boundary on one fide, and on the other are high moun- tains, covered with various forts of fruit- trees. In the higheft parts of them are deers, bears, wolves, leopards, and tigers, which laft, the Perfians have, it is laid, a method of taming, and hunt with them as with dogs. It is extremely fertile, pro- ducing filk, oil, wine, rke, tobacco, mul- G I B berry, box, walnut trees, and excellent fruits in abundance. This province was ceded to Ruffia in 1723, but not formally annexed to the Ruffian dominions till 1780. Relhd is the capital. Ghilan, St. or Guislain, a town in the dept, of the'North, leated on the river Haine, 5 miles W. of Mons. Giant’s Causeway, a large, curious promontory of bafaltes, in Antrim, Ulfter, efteemed one of the greareft natural curio- fities in the world. It is on the N. coaft, W- of Bengore Head, and about 122 miles N. of Dublin. Lat. 55. 20. N. Ion. 6. 50. W. Giant's Grave, near Sligo, Connaught Here are Come maffive monuments of ftone, not unlike Stonehenge. Giant's Load, in Louth, Leinfter, a ftone, weighing-, it is computed, between 30 and 40 tons, f’up- ported by 3 other irregular ftones let up- right. Giant's Stairs, a large, rocky ap- pearance of fteps, near Cove, in Cork, Munfter. Giavenna, a town of Sufa, in Pied- mont, agreeably fituated near the Sangon, in a falubrious air, ip miles SE. of Sufa. Gibbaroiv , a river in Donegal, Ullter. Gibbon Marfh ) Bucks, near Ayltfbury. Gibbon's Grove , in Cork, Munfter, 3 miles S. of Charleville. Gibraltar, a town of Andalufia, in Spain, near a mountain of the fame name, formerly called Calpe, which, with Mount Ahyla, on the oppofite fhore of Africa, were called the Pillars of Hercules. It has been in the pofleftion of the Englifh fince the year 1704, who keep a garrifon here $ which is cooped up in very narrow limbs, and receives fupplies of provifions from England and Barbary. The town is i’o ftrong by art and nature, as probably to bid defiance to the utmoft efforts of an enemy. Here are upwards of 300 pieces of cannon mounted on the works. Gibral- tar contains feveral ftreets, one of which is pretty fpacious and well paved ; the others are narrow and dirty. It has alfo 3 gates. It is built at the foot of a bar- ren rock, or craggy hill, which. riles about 1400 feet above the level of the fea, in a peninfula, 'which can be approached only by a narrow paiTage, between the moun- tain and the fea. Acrofs this ifthmus the Spaniards have drawn a fortified line, to prevent the garrilbn from having any com- munication with the country. The Eng- lifh here, exclufive of the garrilbn, amount to about 2000, and the Spaniards, Portu- guese, Genoele, and Jews to as many more. Here is one Englilh and one Spa- nish church, and a Jews fynagogue. The g 1 l road here is not fafe againft (forms, nor convenient for refitting velfels, though they may be laid on their fides for careening j the harbour is formed by 2 moles, one of which is 300 feet in length. On the lum- mit of the rock is a plain, whence there is a fine profpe&^of the lea, on each fide the Strait, of Barbary, Fez, and Morocco, and of Seville and Granada, in Spain. The Strait of Gibraltar is about 24 miles in length, and 15 in breadth, and a ftrong cuiTent always runs through it from the ocean to the Mediterranean. Gibraltar is 25 miles N. of Ceuta, and 49 SE. of Ca- diz. Lat. 36. 6. N. Ion. 5. 22. W. Gibraltar, a town ol Venezuela, in Terra Firma, fituated on the E. coalt of the Lake of Maracaybo, 50 miles SSE. of Maracaybo. Gibfide , Durham, SW. of Ravenfworth CaftJe. Gibfmere , Nott. a hamlet of Southwell. Gidding , Magna and Parva, Hunt. N. of Winwick. Gidding Steeple , Hunt. N. of Winwick. Gidlej , Devon!, near Dartmore Foreft. Gien, a town in the dept, of Loiret, containing about 4200 inhabitants. It is feated on the river Loire, 33 miles SE. of Orleans, and 76 SE. of Paris. Gienzor, a town of Africa, 10 miles S. of Ti ipoli. Giessen, a ftrong town of Upper Heife, fituated in a fertile country, on the river Lahn, 6 miles E. of Wetzlar. Giffard , Heref. near Sawbridge worth. Giffen , or Guffen , a river of Carnarvon!', which runs into the Conway near Aber- conway. Gifford's Hall , Suff. in Stoke parilh, by Ncyland. Gifhorn. SeeGYFHORN. Giga, a fmall ifland of Argylefhire, be- tween the Ifie of Skye and the peninfula ol Can tyre. Gigging , Herts, S. of Barkway. Gig - glefwick, Yorkf. on the Ribble, near Set- tle, where at the foot of a mountain is a lpring, noted for ebbing and flowing l’ome- titnes thrice an hour. Giglio, a fmall ifland of Sienna, in Tulcany, near the coaft, and about n leagues SSE. from the Ifland of Elba. Gijon, a fea-port town of Afturias, with an ancient caftle, formerly the refi- dence of King Pelagius, and his immedi- ate luccefl'ors. It is 18 miles N. of Ov edo. Gijjfone , Northumb. between Framling- ton and An bell. Gilberdike , Yorkf. be- tween Sandholm and the Humber. Gilbert’s Town, a town of Virginia. Gilbert’s Island, a fmall ifland near the SW. coaft of Terra del Fuego. Lat. 55. 13. S. Ion. 71. 7. W. Gilcagke, G I M Cilcagbe , in Waterford, Munfter. Gilcrux, Cumb. 5 miles N. of Cocker- mouth. Gildable , Surry, in Limpsfield parifh. Gildable, Kent, in the Ifle of Thanet. Giles, St. in the Heath, Devonf. NE. of Launcetton. Giles Hill, Hants, near Winton. * Gilford, a town of Down, in Ulfter, feated on the river Ban, 3 miles SW. of Waringtown, and 6 2 from Dublin. The meanders of the river, over which there is a good done bridge of 22 arches, the rif- ing grounds furrounding it, adorned with wood, and the bleach yards in the bottom, afford altogether a profpefl truly delight- ful. Here is a chalybeate fpa of good quality. Giikirk, Yorkf. between the Martens and PinnowhilJ. Gill, Yorkf. near Bow- land. Gillet, Cornw. SE. of Bottreaux Cattle. Gilling, Yorkf. near Richmond. Gilling Forejl, Yorkf. between Ravenf- worth and Barnard Cattle. Gillingham , Dorfetf. on the Stour. Gillingham , Kent, 3 miles below Chatham. Part of Chat- ham Dock is in this paritt). Here is a cattle, well furniihed with guns, there be- ing not lefs than 170 embrazures, for can- non to flop the progrefs of an enemy, if they fhould happen to pafs Sheernels, be- fore they fhould reach Chatham. Here are alfo fome copperas works. It is not- ed in hiftory, for being the place where 600 Norman gentlemen, who came over in the retinue of the Princes Alfred and Ed- ward, were barbaroufly murdered by Earl Godwin. Gillingham, All Saints and St. Maty's, Norf. lie near the bridge over the Waveney to Beccles. Gillijland , Cumb. on the Pift’s Wall, E. of Carlifie, noted for the medicinal properties of it’s well. Gilmanby , Yorkf. SW. of Barnard Cattle. Gilmore , York!’. NE. of Kirby Moorfide. Gilmorton , Leic. near Lutterworth. Gxlolo, an ittand of Alia, with a town of the fame name, in the Archipelago of the Moluccas, about 210 miles in length, and 750 in circumference. It produces neither cloves nor nutmegs, though it is included in the Spice Iflands, but is very fertile in rice and fago. The air is faid to be very hot and unwholefome. The inhabitants are reprelented as fierce and cruel, living without laws or fixed habitat tions. It is feated under the line, in ion. 128. 7. E. Giljhaughlin , Weftm. 4 or 5 miles N W. of Appleby. Gimefgra e ves, Norf. a hill near Brandon Ferry. Gimmingham, Norf. near the fea-coatt. Gimont, a town in the dept, of the Gets, 12 miles E. of Auch. G I R Ginge, E. and IV. Berks, 3 miles from Wanrage. Gin gee, a town on the coaft of Coro- mandel, once the capital of a kingdom of the fame name. It (bands on a mountain, whole top is divided into three points, on each of which is a cattle. The Great Mogul befieged it 3 years, towards the ciofe of the laft century, to no purpofe. It is 34 miles NW. of Pondicherry . LrU. 12. 16. N. Ion. 79. 36. E. Gingen, an imperial town of Suabia* 16 miles N. of Ulm. Ginger, a fmail ittand in the W. In- dies, about 10 miles SSW. of Virgin Gonia. Gingra^ue, Eflex, SW. of Billericay. Ginns, Hants, in New Foreft. Gioddah, or Geddah, a town of confiderable trade, the lea port of Mecca, fituated on the Red Sea. Lat. 21. 30. N» Ion. 39. 27. E. Giovenazzo, a town of Bari. Gipping , Suffolk, SW. of Mendlefham. Gipping, a river of Stiff, which runs into the Orwell below Stow. Gipton , Yorkf, near Hawkfworth. Girace, a town of Calabria Ultra, containing 1 3 churches and 4 monafteries. It is fitu2ted near lome fulphureous baths, 34 miles N. of Reggio. Girch, a river in Carnarvonf. which runs into the Irifh Channel, oppofite to Carodinhill Rock, near Pulhely. Girling, Northumb. part of the manor of Wark- worth. Girge, a town of Egypt, capital of the province, fituated near the left bank of the Nile, 215 miles S. of Cairo. Girgenti, anciently Aggrige nt um, a town of rite Val di Mazara, in Sicily, fituated on the river St. Blaife, about 3 miles from the lea, (near the foutheru coaft) and 47 miles S. of Palermo. Gironde, a department of France, bounded on the NE. by the dept, of Lower Charente, and on the W. by the fea. It lies on both Tides of the Garonne, and has it’s name from the river Gironde, which is formed by the union of the Garonne and Dordogne, about 4 leagues N. from Bounleaux, and which runs into the Atlan- tic, after a courf'e of about 9 leagues NNW. The principal town is Bour- deaux. Giron ella, a town of Catalonia, 7 miles ENE. of Solfona. Giro n na, a confiderable town, or city, of Catalonia, fituated on a rivulet, which fails into the Ter, 47 miles NE. or Bar- celona. Girons, St. a town in the dept, of Arriege, G L A Arriege, noted for feveral annual fairs for cattle and mules. It is feated on the ri- ver Sarat, 21 miles W. ofTarafcon. Girost, a town of Kerman, in Perfia. Girjbj , Yorkf. SW. of Yarum. Gir- Jtngton, Yorkf. NE. of Settle. Girtford , JBedf. near Bigglefwade. Girton , 2 miles NW. of Cambridge. Girton, Nott. near Newark. Gir-van, in Ayrf. fituated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, which rifes in the NE. part of the county, almoft oppo- fite to the rock of Ailfa, and 16 miles S. by W. of Ayr. Here are feme manufac- tures, particularly in the tanning of lea- ther, and the making of boots and fhoes. Gisborn, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, feated on the river Ribble, on the borders of Lancathire, 60 miles W. of York, and 219 NNW. of London. Mar- ket on Monday. Gisborough, a town in the N. Rid- ing of Yorkfhire, fituated near fome con- fiderable mines and works of alum, 4. miles S. of the mouth of the Tees, 22 NW. by W. of Whitby, and 155 N. by W. of London. Gislain, St. See Ghilan. Gijlam Suff. SW. of Leoftoff. Gijley , Yorkf. S. of Otley. Gijlingham , Suff. S. of B'iddefclale. G^soRS, a town in the dept, of the Eu'v fituated on the river Ept, 28 miles SE. of Rouen. Giffing, Norf. Gitting Nether , SE. and Gifting 'fern-pie, NE. of Winchcomb, in Glouc. Gittijham , Devonfhire, near Ho- niten. Givet, a town, late of Namur, near Chailemcnt, in the dept, of the Ardennes, the fortifications of which are the work of Vauban. It was bombarded by General Coehorn, in the fpring of 1696, when im- Hienfe magazines of Itores, forage, &c. provided by the French for the fervice of the enfuihg campaign, were deftroyed. It is feated on the river Maefe, by which it is divided into two parts, 21 miles SW. of Namur. Givira, a town of Milan. Giula, a town of Hungary, fituated on the river Keres, 52 miles NNW. of Temefwar. Giulia, Nuova, a town in Abruzzo Ultra. Giustendil, 2 towns of Bulgaria. Glaciers, a name given to fome ex- tenfive fields of ice in Swifferland. The Glaciers may be divided into two forts j the Lower, occupying the deep valleys fituated in the bofem of the Alps, and termed, by the natives, Valley of Ice $ and the Upper, which clothe the fummits and G L A fides of the mountains. The Lower Gla- ciers are the moll confiderable in extent and depth, fome ftretching feveral leagues in length. At the higher extremity, they are bordered by inacceflible rocks, and on the other extend into cultivated valleys. The thicknefs of the ice varies from 80 to 100 feet, and in fome parts extends to up- wards of 600 feet. Thefe immenfe fields of ice ufually reft on an inclined plain; being puffied forward by the preflure of their own weight, and but weakly fup- ported by the rugged rocks beneath, they are interfered by large tranfverfe chafms, and prefent the appearance of walls, pyra- mids, and other fantaftic (hapes, obferved at all heights and at all fituations, when- ever the declivity exceeds 30 01*4.0 degrees. But in thofe parts, where the plain on which they reft is horizontal, or only gen- tly inclined, the furface of the ice is nearly uniform j the chafms are few and narrow, and the traveller erodes on foot without much difficulty. The furface of the ice is not fo flippery as that of the frozen ponds, or rivers ; it is rough and granu- lated, and is only dangerous in deep de- feents. The following is a fimple and natural theory relative to the formation of the Glaciers. An immenfe quantity of fnow is continually accumulating in the elevated valleys, inclofed within the Alps, as well from that which falls from the clouds, during nine months in the year, as from the mafles which are incedantly rol- ling from the fteep fides of the circumja- cent mountains. Part of this fnow, which is not diflolved during fummer, impreg- nated with rain and fnow-water, is frozen during winter, and forms that opaque and porous ice of which the Lower Glaciers are compofed. The Upper Glaciers may be fubdivided into thofe which cover the fummits, and thofe which extend along the fides of the Alps. Thofe which cover the fummits owe their origin to the fnow that falls at all fealons of the year, and which remains nearly in it’s original ftate, being congealed into a hard i’ubltance, and not converted into ice ; for, in fo cold a re- gion, there cannot be melted a quantity of Inow fufficient to impregnate with wateiv the whole mafs which remains undiffolved. The fubftance which clothes the fides of the Alps is neither pure fnow, like that of the fummits, nor ice which forms the Lower Glaciers, but is an aflemblage of both. It contains lefs fnow than the fum- mits, becaufe the fummer heat has more power to diflolve it, and becaufe the liqui- fied fnow defending from above, the mafs is penetrattd with a larger quantity of wa- ter. It contains more fnow than the Lower Glaciers, G L A Glaciers, becaufe the diffolution of the fnow is comparatively lefs. Hence the ice is even more porous, opaque, and lefs ccmpa6t than the ice of the Lower Gla- ciers ; and is of lb doubtlul a texture, as renders it, in many parts, difficult to de- cide whether it may be called ice or frozen fnow. Thus there is a regular gradation from the fnow on the fummits, to the ice of the Lower Glaciers, formed by the in- termediate mixture of fnow and icc, which become* more compaft, and lefs porous in proportion as it approaches the Lower Glaciers, until it unites and aflimilates with them. Glad more, Herts, near Hadley. GlaiJ - ton , Rutland, near Bilbrook. Glamford , Norf. SW. of Clay. Glam organ’ shire, a county of South Wales, bounded on the N. by Carniar- ther.fhire and Bi ecknockfhire, on the E. by Monmouthlhire, and on the S. and W. by the Briftol Channel. It extends from E. to W. 48 miles, and 26 from N. to S. it is divided into io hundreds, which con- tain i city, 8 market towns, 118 parilhes, about 10,000 houfes, and 58.000 inhabit- ants. On the N. fide of this county, where it is mountainous, the long conti- nuance of the fnow renders the air fharp j but the country being more level on the S. fide, it is there milder, more pleafant, more populous, and bears large crops of corn, with remarkably fweet gra's j whence it has been called the Garden of Wales. Cattle abound in all parts, there being fruitful valleys among the mountains, that yield very good pafture. Here are alio lead, coal, iron, and limeftoee. It’s prin- cipal rivers are the Rumney, which lepa- rates it from Monmouthlhire, the Tcafe, Eiwy, Neath, Ogmore, Avon, Cledaugh, and Tawy. Cardiff is the principal town, and Swanfea the moft commercial onej hut the affizes for the county are held at Cowbridge. Glanbeky , in Kerry, Munfter. Gian dire, in Cork, M under. Glandore Har- bour, 2 leagues W. of the Galley Head, or Rols Bay, in Coik, Munfter. This harbour is a remarkably good one, thouo-h fmall. Glane,:ragb , in Kerry, Munfter. Glanenjy, or Glenaajy , in Antrim, Ulfter, 77 miles from Dublin. Glanflejk , in Ker- ry, Munfter. Glanmis , in the SW. of Angusftnre. # Glandford Bridge, a town of Lincolnfhire, with a large manufacture of flans, and a confiderable trade in corn, coals, and timber. It is feated 011 a river, or navigable canal, called Ancholme, or Ancam, 23 miles N. of Lincoln, and 156 G L A N. by W. of London. Market on Thurf- day. Glangariff Bay , in Cork, Munfter. Glango^vra, in Cork, Munfter. Glanmire , in Cork, Munfter, on the river Glanmire, in a fertile traft of uneven country, about 3 miles from the city of Cork. It’s en- virons exhibit a variety of extenftve pro- fpecls richly diverfified. Glanmore , in Kilkenny, Munib-r, 76 miles from Dub- lin. Glanorga , in Limerick, Munfter. Giant bis, SW.- and Glanton , SE. of Alnwick, in Northumberland. Glanton , in Cork, Munfter, 135 miles from Dublin. Glan-ivorth , in Cork, Mun- fter. Glanyfrehane, in Cork, Munfter. Glapboav, Yorkf. in Cleveland. Glap - thorn, Northampton!’, near King’s Cliff. Glapton, Nott. a hamlet of Clifton. Glap - e well, Derby f. near Bol lover. Glare [dale Chapel , Yorkf. SW. of Whitby. Glaris, or Glarus, one of the thir- teen cantons in Swifferland, entirely fur- rounded by the Alps, except toward the N. It has the canton of Schwejtz on the W. and the Grifons on the E. It is a cold, mountainous country, yet affording cattle, cheefe, butter, and a prodigious va- riety of uncommon plants, minerals, me- tals, cry (tab, medicinal fprings, petrifac- tions, and large Hates. The government is, or lately was, perfectly democratic ; every perfon, at the age of fixteen, has a vote in the landfgemeind, or general affem- bly, which is held annually in the month of May, in an open plain, according to the cuitom of the ancient Gauls and Germans* This affembly ratifies new laws, lays con- tributions, enters into alliances, declares war and makes peace. The executive power, however, is vefted in a landrath,or council, compofed of 48 Proteftant mem- bers, and 15 Roman Catholics. The landamman, or chief of the republic, is chofen alternately from among the Proteft- ants and Romani fts, who live together here in great harmony, amicably fill together the chief offices of ftate, and fucceffively make ufe of the fame houfe for their affem - blies for public worfhip. The population amounts to about 16 or 17,000 fouls. Glaris, a large and populous town of Swifferland, capital of the canton of the fame name, feated on the river Li nth, 18 miles E. of Schweitz. Lat. 46. 56. N. ion. 9. 1. E. Glafcote , Warw. on the S. fide of the river Anker, oppofite to Tam worth. Glafehoufe, Suffex, between Rudgwick and Phdtow Chapel. Glafen , Dorfetf. near Yetminiter. Glasendorf, a town of Nieffe, in T Silefia j G L A Sllefia ; arul a town of Koniginflratz, in Bohemia. *Glasgw, a city of Scotland, in the county of Lanerk, which, from it’s ex- tent, and from the beauty and regularity of it’s, buildings, may iuftiy be cdeemed the fecond city in the kingdom. The ftreets are clean arid well paved, and feve- ral of them, interfering each other at right angles, produce a very agreeable effedd. The four principal flreets thus divide the city nea ly into four equal parts ; and the different views of them, from the erofs, or centre of interfeflion, have an air of mag- nificence. Here are a few magnificent public buildings, and feveral charitable eftabiifhments, particularly the Merchant’s Hofpital, and that of the town. Here is a celebrated umverfity; the fingle college belonging to which is an elegant and com- modious building. The number of inha- bited houfes in it, is upwards of 1 0,000, and it contains near 62,000 inhabitants. A conlkierable trade was formerly car- ried on here in tobacco and rum, but it has been ^ately on the decline. Their cotton manufaddures rival thole of Man- cheller in cheapnefs and elegance; and, before the late univerl'al check to that branch of bufinefs in both kingdoms, it is faid, that cotton goods were manufac- tured in Giafgow and it’s vicinity, to tlie annual amount of 2,000,000 1. fter- lirsg. A pottery is likewife carried on here, that emulates, in beauty and ele- gance, the Staffordfhire ware. Printing- types are well executed here, and the glafs manufactory has been very fuccelsful. Here are alio manufactures of coarfe earth- en ware, hats, dockings, gloves, ropes, cordage, Sec. Giafgow has the advantage of two canals, befides the Great Canal, that joins the Clyde to the Forth. It’s proper river, the Ciyde, has, at a great ex- pence, been made navigable, within the laft 30 years, for veffels drawing 7 feet 6 inches water. It is feated on the N. bank of the above river, over which it has two ftone bridges, (one of them an elegant, new one of 7 arches, 500 feet long and 32 wide ; it was completed in 1772) 10 miles $W. of Dumbarton, and 35 W. of Edin- burgh. Lat. 55. 52. N. ion. 4. 2. W. Glasgow Port, a town on the S. fide of the Clyde, eieCIed in 1710, in or- der to ferve as the fca-port of the city of Giafgow. It has an excellent harbour, with a grand pier; but Hill mod of the fliips that trade to the W. Indies, fail from Greenock, and return to that port. The herring-fifheries in the Frith of G L A Clyde, form a confiderable part of it's trade. This port is fituated 21 miles W. by N. of Giafgow. Glafon, Climb, in the parifh of Boul- nefs. Glafon, or Glafon Cajlle , Lane. SE. of Dalton. Glajfenbury , Kent, in Cran- brook parifh. Glajfenbye t Cumb. near Kirk Ofwald. Glafslougb , in Monaghan, Ulfter. Gljfs- ne of Glentham. Glewjton, Heref. SW. of Rofs. Gimp- ton, Oxford!’. N. of Woodftock. Glinjk , in Galway, Connaught. Glinton , Northamp. near Peterborough. Glijj'et, All Saints, St. Michael, and Mid- dle, Dorfetf. near Cranbourn Chace. Glinville, in Cork, Munfter. Glocejhr, Northumb. on the coaft near Anbei’. Glojfop, Derb. in the High Peak. *GLOUCEST£R,a large, clean, populous, and confiderable city, of Gloucefterfhire, containing 5 parifh churches, befides it’s ancient aod magnificent cathedral. It is wtdl built, and has been lately much im- proved ; it’s four principal ftreets are greatly admired for the regularity of their junbtion in the centre of the town ; befides which there are feveral fmailer ones, all well paved. Here ,is a good (lone bridge over the Severn, the lo-weft down that ri- ver, with a quay, wharf, ar.d cuftom- houfe. Gloucelter has a flourifhing manu- facture of pins, and is feated on the E. fide of the Severn, where, by it’s two fireams, it forms the Ifie of Alney, 25 miles NE. by N. of Briftol, and 106 W. by N. of London. Market on Wednes- day. Fairs on April 5, July 5, Sept. 28, and Nov. 28, the latter chiefly for fat hogs. Gloucestershire, a county o£ England, bounded on the W. by Mon- mouthfhire and Herefordfhne ; on the N. by Worceflerftiire j on the E. by War- wickfhire and Oxfordfhire j and on the S 0 by Wiitfhire and Somerfetfhire. It ex- tends from NE. to SW. more than 60 miles, but is not more than 26 in breadth. It is divided into 13 hundreds, which contain one city, 27 maiket towns, 280 parifhes, 1229 villages, about 26,760 houfes, and 162,560 inhabitants. The foil and appearance of this county vary in different parts, but the air is healthy throughout} (harp in the E. or hilly part, which contains the Cotefwold Hdls, but mild in the rich Vale of Severn, which. X 2 occupies GLY occupies the centre. The W. part, which is the fmalleft diftrift, is varied by hil[ and dale, and chiefly occupied by the Fo- reft of Dean, which was once full of oak- trees } but the iron-works have confumed a great part of them. ' The llaple com- modities are cheefe, cyder, perry, bacon, grain, and filh, beiides it’s manufactures of woollen cloths, hats, leather, paper, bar iron, edge tools, nails, brafs, See. It’s rivers are the Severn, the Warwick- fhire Avon, the Lower Avon, the Wye, Thames, Coin, Lech, Windrulh, Even- lode, Churn, Leden, Svviliate, Caron, and Stour. Gloucester, a county in the (rate of Rhode Ifland; a town of New Jerfey, litu- ated on the Delaware ; and a town of Vir- ginia, fituated on the N. fide of York River. Gloucester Island, an inhabited ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 8 miles long and i wide. The men appear- ed armed with long pikes or poles. Lat. 19. 15. S, Ion. 140, 4. W. Gloucester Islands, two iflands in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 6 leagues diftant from each other. One of them is in lat. 20. 38. S. Ion. 146. o. W. and the other in lat. 20. 34. S. and in Ion. 146. 1 5. W. Glogaw, a fertile principality of Si- lefia, on both Tides of the Oder, on the borders of Poland. It is divided into fix circles. Great Glogaw (which contains a catholic churches, one of which is col- legiate, 3 convents, a Lutheran church and i’chool, and a chapel for Calvinifts) fituated on the S. fide of the Oder, is the capital. Glogaw Ober, a town of Oppeln, in Silefia. Glomme, a river of Aggerhuys, in S. Norway, which paffes by Elvedal, Ko- ningfuinger, See. and flows into the North Sea near F'ederickftadt. From the outlet of Lake Miofs to’ Frederickftadt, it’s ftreams are intercepted by luch frequent cataracts and flioals, as, in fome places, to render it neceffary to drag the trees, which are floated down, over the ground. About 50,000 trees are annually floated down this river to Frederickttadr. Glowjion, Leic. S. of Hallaton. Glitf- burne y Yorkf. S. of Skipton. Gluvius, Cornw. near Penryn. Glyford , Cornw. SE. of Bodmin. Glyman , Cornw. near Columb Magna. Glyne , Suflex, S. of Lewes. Glyneburn , Suflex, near Lewes. Glynn , or Glin y in Limerick, Munlter. Glynof Agerlonxiy and Glyn Caum, in Cork, Munlter. Glyn of the Downs, a romantic GOA dale in the county of Wicklow, Leinfter, fo narrow as to admit of little more than the road which pafles through it, and the finall, gurgling river which runs near the fide of it. It is 13 miles from Dublin. Glyn Wood, in the parilh of Donoghmore, in Down, Ulfler. Gnarmack , Cornw. NW. of Truro. Gnesen, or Gnesno, a town, late of Kalil’ch, in Poland, but now of Weft Pruflia. Gnojlally Staffordf. upon Rowley Water, between Knightley and Willbrighton. Goa, a large and well built city, on the W. coaft of Hindooftan, capital of the Por- tuguefe lettlements in India, and the feat of a viceroy. It contains about 20,000 inha- bitants, of whom the native Portuguefe amount to a very fmall number, and (lands on an ifland, of the fame name, about 24 miles in circumference, feparated from the continent, by a fine river, called Man- dova, capable of receiving fliips of the greateft burden, which lie within a mile of the town. This noble port, which is, by nature, one of the beft in the Indies, (and the Portuguefehave fpared no pains to heighten and improve it’s natural advan- tages) as well as the whole ifland, is de- fended by many caftles and towers, fur- nifhed with abundance of cannon. Be- yond thefe caftles, the channel becomes narrower, lometimes to 1, fometimes to 2 miles j and it’s banks are planted with the beft fruits and fineft trees India affords. Eight miles up is the city of Goa. Half way up, on the right fide, is a palace, formerly the feat of the viceroys, hut it now ferves as barracks for the garrifon.' The buildings ate of ftone, and lplendid, with numerous convents, nunneries, and ecclefiaftical houfes. The viceroy’s pa- lace is a grand building, erected over one of the gates of the city, which leads to a fpacious ftreet, terminated by a beautiful church. Here is all'o a (lately hofpital 5 and in the (hops about the market-place may be had the produce of Europe, China, Bengal, and other countries. In the houfes they generally make ufe of clear oyfter-fhells, inftead of glafs, for windows. The air within the town is unwholefome, but the banks of the river are pleafant, and adorned with many handfome ftruc- tures. From Old Goa to the new city, there is a commodious road, elegantly adorned with trees for fruit and lhade. The foil of the ifland is fertile, efpecially in the valleys j the trees are always cover- ed with leaves, flowers, and fruit, and a great number of fprings iffue from the mountains. The tra& between the town and GOD G O L and the fea is thickly planted with villages land keeping more ploughs at work than and fine feats, and abounds with tropical this hath done. They formerly received trees and fruits. Though the houfes here the kings, who pafled that way, with a make a (howy appearance, they are but difplay of their inftruments of agriculture, poorly furnifhed. The inhabitants live exhibiting, at one time, to James I. when chiefly on greens, fruit, roots, bread, rice, and fifli, though they have hogs and fowl in plenty. Goa has few manufa&ures, or productions for commerce; their principal trade is in arrack, which they diltil from the lap of the cocoa nut tree. It has been in the hands of the Portuguefe fince the year 1510, when it was taken by General Albuquerque. Lat. 15. 28. N. Ion. 73. 45- E. Goa, a town of the Ifland of Celebes, near the S. coaft, in lat. 5. 12. S. and Jon. 120. 30. E. Goadby , Leiccflerf. NW. of Hallaton. Goadby, Leic. N. of Walton on the Would. Gobblecote , Herts, near Tring. Gobin,St. Sec Fere. Gobions, Magna, Eflex, in the liberty of Havering. Goch, a town of Cleves. Gociano, a town and diftri£l of Sar- dinia^. *Godalmin, a town of Surry, noted for licorice, excellent carrots, and peat, that burns as well as pit-coal. Here is a manufactory of (lockings; asalfo of mix- ed kerfeys, and blue ones, that are not to be matched for colour. The country about it is agreeably divetfified with hills and gentle uplands. It is (eated on ftveral llreams of the river Wey, (which abounds with good fi(h, efpecially pike, and which drives one grid-mill, two paper-mills, and three corn mills) 4 miles SW. of Guildford, and 34 SW. of London, on the road to Portfmouth. Market on YVed. Godavery, Gunga, or Godoury, a river of Hindooltan, which riles about 70 miles NE. of Bombay, and after croff- ing Dowlatabad, and part of Golconda, falls into the Bay of Bengal by feveral mouths, in. lat. about i 6. 40. N. and Ion. 82. 20. E. Goddington , Kent, in Frtndfbury parifli. Goddington , Oxf. NE. of Bicefter. God- ley, Chefti. SE. of Druckenfield. God - \UngJlone, Dorfetf. in Purbeck Ifle, and Svvanwich parifli. Godmanchester, a town, or large village, of Huntingdonfhire, parted from :he town of Huntingdon by the fiver Oufe, ijut united to it by a bridge and fhort S raufeway, which form a part of the poft- oad between London and Edinburgh. It I s inhabited by a great number of yeomen md farmers, who are faid to have extra- >rdinary teams of hor(es ; no town in Eng- he pafled through it, nine lcore ploughs, adorned with trappings, &c. Godmanham , Yorkf. between Beverley and Pccklington. Godmanjlon , Dorfetf. NW. of Frampton, 1 mile from Nether Cerne. GodmerJha?n , Kent, on the river that runs from YV'ye to Canterbury. GoiU neflo'n, Kent, a manor of Sittingbourn. Godolphin, Cornw. fituated on a hill, E. of Mount’s Bay, 4 miles from Market Jew, famous lor it’s tin mines. Gcdjhill, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. * Godjlone, Surry, E. of Blechingley. Godjlo^w, NW. of Oxford, in a fort of ifland formed by the divided dreams of the Ifis, after being joined by the Evenlode. This place is noted for the catching and drtfling of fifli. Here are an arched gate* way, ami the venerable ruins of the nun- nery, with it’s conventual church, which Fair Rofamond quitted for the embraces of Henry II. Godnxjick, Norf. W. of Elmliam, Gofford Green , Warwickf. E. of Coventry. Gtifforth, Cumb. near Pon- fonby. Goes, or Ter Goes, a town in the United Provinces, in Zealand, capital of the Ifland of S. Bevelandt. It communi- cates with an arm of the Scheldt, by a canal, and carries on a confiderable trade in fait, grain, &c. It is 10 miles NE. of Flufliing. Gogmagog Hills, 3 miles from Cam- bridge, near Newmarket and Balfliam. Gogra,Dewah,ci' So or jew, a large river which rifes in Thibet, and forcing it’s way through Mount Kimrnaleh, erodes the country of Oude, and unites with the Gmges, about 15 miles W. of Patna. Gohud, a circar, or territory of Hin- doollan, in the province of Agra, fubjtCl to a rajah, who is tributary to the Poonah Mahrattas. It’s capital, which is < f t he fame name, is about 55 miles SSE. of Agra. Goit , a river of Chefliire, which runs into the Merfey, 3 miles E. of Sropford. Goit Hall, Chef. NE. of Stockport. Goito, a town of Mantua. Gojam, a fiat countiy of Abyflinia, about 25 leagues long, and 14 wide. It is almoft furrounded by the Nile, and abounds in paftures. Goke'well, Line. NW. of Glandford Bridge. Goland , Cornwall, near Fowey. Golborn , Chef. SW. of Tattenhall. Gol- born , Lane, near W. Derby. T 3 ' Golconda, G O L Golconda, a country of Hinclooftan, bounded on theN. by Berar* on the E. by the 5 Circars, on the S by My lore and the Carnatic, and on the W. by Dow] air, bad and Vifiapour, fubjeci to the Nizam of the Deccan. The great rains which fall in June., part of July, Auguft, September, and Odlobfer, i'vvell the livers here to a dangerous degree of depth and rapidity, but render thy land exceedingly fertile, efpecially in fruits. The inhabitants make white wine of their grapes, and have year- ly two crops of rice and other grain. The diamond-mines here are reckoned the rnoft confiderable in the world. The black merchants ufuallv buy parcels of ground to fearch for thelc precious Hones in. They fome times fail in meeting with any; and at others they find immenfe riches. They have alio mines of fait and fine iron j and manufactures of curious calicoes and chiptfes. Hydrabad is the capital, but the city and fortrefs of Golconda was for- merly the refidence of the kings of this country. Goldberg, a town of LIgnitz, in Si- Iefia. Goldbroke , Suffolk, near Eye. Goldcltff Monmouthf. on the S. fide of the county. Gold Coast of Guinea, a mari- time country of Africa, in which are more forts and factories of European nations, than in any other part of the coaft of Africa. It ica.hes from the river Suera da Cofta on th- W. to the river Volta on the E. and includes feveral diflridls, in which are two or three towns or villages, fcattered along the fea-fhore. The whole Gold Coaft is about 180 miles in length. The negro merchants here are generally very rich, and trade with Europeans in gold. The dprneftic animals are bulls, cows, iheep, and goats $ the laft of which are innumerable, and their flefh is excellent. The beef and mutton, however, are not good. The principal countries are Anco- bar, A*em, Anta, Commenda, Fctu, Sabo, Adorn, Agouna, Acra, Acambore, Labadde, Fan: in, Incaffan, Nmgo, and Sabre. Goldcot Barky Warw. near Stratford upon Avon. Golden iu Tipperary, Muntfer, on the Suit, 8 miles from Dublin. Golden, or IValueden , Cornw. between Giampound and Tiuro. Golden Island, a (mail ifland at the entrance of he Gulf of Darien, in lat. 8. 30 . N. and Ion. 77. 10. W. Golden Pale, Heref. extends along the banks of the Dove, with hills all about it, covered with woods. It is io named from g o M it's fertility, and the yellow livery of flowers, which it wears in the l’pring. The wool here is reckoned as fine as any in England. Golder, Oxf. NE of Chal- gi.ive. Golder" s Green, Middl. between Himpllead Heath and Hendon. Goldf- burg , Yorkf. near Boroughbt idge. Gold- gate Bay, Kent, W. of Margate Bay. Goldbanger. Elfex- E. of Malden. Gold- hill Green Ken' E. of Tunbridge. Goldingen, a town of Courhnd. Goldingham , Effex, betyteh Bumpfted Steeple and Sudbury. Goldings, Eflex, bet ween Waltha'm Abbey and H yhridge. G aldington , N of Bedford. Goidfmith's Grange, Leic. NE. of Melton Mowbray. Gold-well, Ken r W. of Afhford. Gold - SW. of Metz. Gojbeck, Suffolk, NE. oi Needham. Go/- her ton. Line. 8 miles from Boftcn. Gof- field Hall, Eff x near B-aintree. Gosjord, Oxf. SE. of W ood flock. Gosford , N. and S. Northumb. rieai Newfcaftle, Goslar, an imperial tovyn of Lower Saxony, feated on a hilj, near the river Gofe, which loon after runs into the Oc- ker, 30 miles S. of Brunfwick. In the Rammel Mountain, near it, are mines of lead and iron ; and the inhabitants brew excellent beer. Gofnarth, Lancaf. near Prefton. Gosport, GOT * Gosport, a large, trading town, in Hamplhire, fituated in Alverftock parifti, on the W. fide of Portfmouth Harbour, (over which there is a ferry) 79 miles SW. of London. Here is a fpacious hof- pital for the relief of fic!c and wounded failors. It is moftly inhabited by tailors and their wives, and the warrant officers, every thing being much cheaper and more commodious here than at Portfmouth. The mouth of the harbour, which is not fo broad here as the Thames is at Weft- minfter, is fecured on this fide by 4 forts and a platform of above zo guns, level with the water. Here are feveral docks for repairing merchant (hips; and, in time of peace, packets fail every week from hence to Havre de Grace, and other parts of France. Market on Saturday. Gojfe , Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Gojfes , Efiex, 3 miles from Burnt wood. Gojjington , Glouc. in Slimbridge parifli. Gostynen, or Gostavin, atown of Poland, in the palatinate of Rawa. Gopwell , Line, near the Humber. Gof- nvick , Northumb. on the coaft, NW. of Holy Iflmd. Gctehurfi , Bucks, near Newport Pagnel. Goteburfl, Somerfetf. SW, of Bridgewater. Goteland, Yorkf. N. Riding, between Cleveland and Black- moor. Gotha, a town and principality of Upper Saxony, which contains 12 towns, befide? villages. The duke maintains a guard of 160 men; two regiments, each confiding of 800 men ; and a corps of ar- tillery. Gotha, crGoTHELHA, a river of W. Gothland, which runs from the Wenner Lake into the fea, near Gothenburg. Gotham, Nottingh. in the SW. angle of the county, 7 miles from Nottingham. Gothard, St. one of the higheft mountains in S.viflerland, being 9075 feet above the level of the fea. It is 8 miles S. of Altorf. Gothebcrg, or Gothenburg, a fortified and commercial town, of Weft Gothland, in Sweden, feated at the mouth of the river Gotha, which forms an ex- cellent harbour, about two furlongs wide, inciofed between two chains of rocks, and near it's conflux with the Molda!, 190 miles SW. of Stockholm. Ir is the heft fituated for foreign trade of any in the kingdom, as it lies without the Sound; and from this port the (hips of the Swe- dilh E. India company (eftabliffied in 1731) take their departure. The inha- bitants are computed to be 20,000. A confiderabie herring fiftiery is carried on here. Lat. 57. 4.2. N. Ion. 13. 10, E. : m ■ ' - m G O U Gotherin^ton , Gloucef. in the parifti of Bi ftiop’s Cleeve. Got hilly Somerf. near Candlepurfe in Dorfetfhire. Gothland, one of the five general J divifions of the kingdom of Sweden, con- i tabling the provinces of Oftrogothia, Smoland, Weiirogothia, Wermland, the ’ fief of Bahus, Dalia, Halland, Biekinge, and the Ides of Gothland and Eland. It is a pleafant and fertile country, and con- j tains 48 towns. The Goths had kings ] of their own till the year 1132, when they .! were united to Sweden in the perfon of Suercher. Gothland, an ifland of Sweden, in ; the Baltic, about 70 miles in length, and 'j 25 in it's greateft breadth. The foil is ; fertile, and there are fine woods of oaks i and pines, good paftures, and profitable j fifheries on the coafts. Here are alfe large quarries of ftone, and they export an ex- : cedent breed of ffieep. The chief and on- ly town is Wifby. Gotteneurg. See Gotheborg. Gottingen, a town of Calenburg, ; Lcvver Saxony, fubjeft to the ele£lor of Hanover. Here George II. founded an ; univerfity, in 1734, which has already ac- ; quired a very diftinguiftKd reputation. , The library, called the Bulo^ivcan, which j is increafing every year, is juftly reckoned one of the moft capital in Europe. Here ; is alfo a fine obfervatory, a phyfic garden, an anatomical theatre, and a fcliool for i midwifery; together with a Royal Society of Sciences, and a Royal German Society, t all part of the univerfity. Belonging to it is a large fplendid church, with a pecu- : liar paftor, and a new and (lately (true- • ture of ftone, the ground floor of which \ ferves as a hall for public le£lures. Cottony Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Gotten y Somerf. near Taunton. Gqttorp, a town of Slefwick, capital of the duchy of Kolftein Gottorp. Gottesberg, a town of Schweidnitz, in Sil.-fia. Gouda, or Turgovv, a town of S.v Holland. Goudhurst, a final] town in Kent, 12 miles SW. of Maidftone, and 44 SE. of London. Market on Wednefday. Governolo, atown of Mant-ua, fitu- ated at the jun&ion of the Mincio and the Po. Govidale, Great and Little , Yorkf. E. Riding, N. of Pocklington. Gouldhally Yorkf. W. Riding, nearSnaith. Goulejhy Yorkf. SE. of Northallerton. Goulfnarih , Lancaf. between Prefton and Rowland Fo- reft. Goultho Hciil t Line, between Lin- coln and Stanton, Goulvin, G R A Gotjlvin, a town in the dept, of Fi- nifterre, 12 miles W.of St. Pol de Leon, Goura, or Gura, a town of Mafo- via, in Poland, fituated on the V i It u 1 a , 12 miles from Warfaw. Gouraincourt, a town in the dept, of theMeufe, 15 miles NE. of Verdun Go u room, a town in rhe dept, of Lot, 18 miles N. ofCahors. Gourin, a town in the dept, of the Morbihan 27 miles W. of Pontivy. Gournal Stafford f. in Sedgeley parifh. Gournay, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine, remarkable for it’s market of fine butter. It is feated on the river Epte, 24. miles E. of Rouen. Gourock, a town of Renfrewfhire, feateri on a creek of the river Clyde, near a copper- mine, 2 miles W. of Greenock. G our ton, I'Tjtt. a hamlet of Southwell, in B. -ichv parifh. Gouzec, a town in the dept, of Finif- terre 1 1 miles NE. of Crimper. Gowborn Head, Lane, in Loynfdale, near the Ken Sards. Gower, Gever, or St. Goar, a town of Heffc Rhinefeldt, circle of Uuper Rhin . tV * G 0 w r a n , a town of Kilkenny, in Leinfter. Gowhwate Hall , Yorkf. in Halifax parifh. Goxhill Line, near Barrow and Barton on the Humber. Goxhill, Yorkf. E. Riding, near Horniey. Goyte, a river of Derbyshire and Lancafhire, which runs into the Merfey oppofite Goyt. Goyt- houfes, Derb. in the High Peak. Goytre , M n n. SE. of Abergav enny. Gozzi, Gozes, or Goza, an illand near the SW. coaft of Candia. Gozza, a fmall and well-fortified iflan about 5 miles NW. of Malta, and depend r.t on it. Grabie, Line. SE. of Fokingham. Grabow, a town of Mecklenburg Schwerin, in Lower Saxony. Grae edieu, Monm. on the Trothy, SW. of Monmouth. Gracedieu, Leic. between Alhby de la Zouch and Loughborough. Grace Hill , a fettlement of the Mora- vian Brethren, near Ballymena, in Antrim, U lifer. Graces , Eflex, near Little Baddow. Graciosa, one of the Azores Ifiands, about 10 miles long and 8 broad. It takes it’s name from it’s beauty and fertility in corn, wine, fruit, paftures, and cattle ; and it fupplies Tercera, and feveral of the ether ifiands, with a great part of it’s produce. It is well peopled, and contains a number of villages, with fome forts for the defence of the coaft. The inhabitants, G R A who are about 3000, make a great deal of butter and cheeie. The principal place is La Plata. Lat. 39.29. N. Ion. 18. 12. W. Grade , Cornw. near Lizard Point. Gradiska, a well-rorti fieri town of Sclavonia, fituated on the river Save, 132 miles W. of Belgrade ; alfo a town of Friuli, in Auftria, fituated on the Liionzo, 5 miles S. of Goritzj and a town of Sti- ria. Grado, a fmall illand of Friuli, in Venice. Grafton , Chelh. on the Dee, NW. of Malpas. Grafton , Northamp. NE. of Kettering. Grafton, Bucks, near Leigh- ton in Bedfo 1 dihire. Grafton, NW. of Shrewfbury. Grafton, Yorkl. W. Riding, SE oi Boroughbridge. Grafton, Oxf. on the Ifis, E. of Lechlade. Grafton, Wore, near Brorafgrove. Grafton, E and W, Wilts, between Manningtord and Gi eat Bed win. Grafton , Ardens , Little , oi Low- er, ana Grafton, ‘Temple , or Upper, Warw. between Aulcvfter and Stratford upon Avon. Grafton Fltford > SE. of Worcefter. Grafton , G*i>.uc. on tiv borders of Wore, and on the fide of Bredon Hu I, where, in Ftb. 1764, a large trail of land, near 1 G acres in extent, flipped from the fide of Biedon Hill, and entirely covered feveral pafture grounds, and a ctmfiderable fpace of the common field, at the bottom of the hill. Grafton Regis , Northamp. on the river Tove, ihat runs from Towcefter to the Oufe, near 8 miles from Northamp- ton, on the road to Stony Stratford. It was held in chief, of King Edward IIL by the ftrvice of keeping one of the king’s white brackets, or beagles, having red ears. The manor Houle and park were- given by Charles II. to the Duke of Grafton, whence the title is derived. Graft-wick , Yorkf, near Thirfk G rages, Bucks, near Rickmanfworrh. Graham's Muir, between the Canon Works and Faikirk, in Scotland. Graigemanagh, in Kilkenny, Leinfter, feated on the Barrow. Graigftown, in Kilkenny Leinlter Graingham , Line, near Corringham. Grain Coast, or Pepper Coast, or Malaguetta, a country oi Guinea, bounded by the Sierra Leone Country on the W. and tire Ivory Coaft on the SE. If exrends about 100 leagues along the Atlantic. The piodufftons are peas, beans, gourds, lemons, oranges, and a kind of nut, with an exceedingly thick fhell, a moft delicious fruit. The pain* wine and dates of this country are in great efteem. Cows, hogs, fneep, and goats, are alfo in great plenty, but what confti- tutes G R A tutes it’s chief wealth, is the abundance of pepper, or grains of parada, it produces, called Malaguetta hy the Portuguefe. Grainville, a town in the dept, of the Lower Seine, 14 miles N. of Qau- tlebec. Gralam , Chef, on the Pever. Gramat, a town in the dept, of the Lot, 22 miles NNE. of Cahors. Grammont, a town in Flanders County. Grammont, a town in the dept, cf Upper Vienne, 15 miles NE. of Limoges. Gram pound, a town of Cornwall, containing about 200 inhabitants; It has a coniiderable manufacture of gloves, and is feated on the river Fate, over which it has a bridge, 18 miles NE. of Falmouth, and 244 W. by S. of London. A final! market on Saturday. Gran, a town of Hungary, fituated on a river of the fame name, near it’s con- flux with the Danube, 55 miles SE. of Prefburg. Granada, fometiines called Upper Andalusia, a province of Spain, on the Mediterranean, about 175 miles in length, and from 20 to 90 in breadth. It is rather a mountainous counfry: but the foil is re- markably fertile, although not well culti- vated, and the climate is healthy and tem- perate. It produces corn, wine, oil, fu- gar, flax, hemp, excellent fruits, honey, wax, grapes, and mulberry trees, which feed a great number of filk worms. The forefts abound with gall-nuts, palm-trees, and oaks. It’s capital is Granada. Granada, a large city of Spain, capi- tal of the province 1 of Granada, containing a univerlity, and feveral palaces, with other fphndid public buildings. It lias manufa&ures of filk, and is fituated on two hills, near the confluence of the Oro, orDarro, with theXenil, and is 24.0 miles S. of Madrid. Lat. 37. 17. N. Ion. 3. 34- w. Granada, or Grenada, an ifland in ihe Wed Indies, about 20 miles in length from N. to S. and 10 wide in the centre, but gradually narrowing towards the ex- tremities. A chain of mountains c ruffes at from N. to S. in the centre of which is a large lake. Near the coafl the foil is fertile, producing indigo, fugar, coffee, cocoa, cotton, and tobacco. It is finely wooded, and trees of all forts, both fruit and timber, except the cocoa- tree, thrive better here than thofe of the lame fpecies in the neighbouring iflands. It is water- ed with ten rivers, three of which run into the lea towards the E. three to the N., eight to the W. and five to the SE, c R A all fufficient to drive fugar-mills, and ca- pable of becoming harbours for veflcls. There is alfo abundance of game and ri- ver-fifh. In 1787, the exports of this ifland were 175,584 cwt. of fugar, 670,000 gallons of rum, 8800 cwt. of coffee, 2700 cwt. of cacao, 2,ooo,oooibs. of cotton, and 2Soolbs. of indigo, befides mifcella- neous articles, amounting in the whole to upwards of 600,000! . fieri, at the Lon- don prices. It is one of the Windward Caribbees, and is 30 leagues NW. of Tobago. The principal harbours are Port Lewis, a very fpacious one, on the W. fide of the ifland, and St. George, It was taken by the French in 1779, and reftored to the Englifli in 1783. Lat. about 12. 10. N. Ion. 61. 30. W. Granada, a trading town of Mexico, in the province of Nicaragua, feated on an ifland in the Lake Nicaragua, which com- municates with the Atlantic by the river St. Juan, 50 miles SSE. of Leon. Granada, New, a province in the government of Terra Firms, having the provinces of Popayan and Carthngena on the W. and St. Martha and Venezuela on the N. It contains mines of gold, cop- per, and iron ; horfes, mules, corn, good pafturage, and fruits. Santa Fe de Ba- gota is the capital. Granadillas, or Granadines, a clutter of iflands, about 23 in number, in the Weft Indies, dependant on Granada. They are moftly fertile, and capable of producing cotton, coffee, indigo, and fu- gar. *Granard, a town of Longford, in Leinfter, 11 miles NE. of Longford, and 48 WNW. of Dublin. Granborough, Warw. near Willough- by. Grancbejler, on the Cam, S. of Cam- bridge. Grandby, Nottingh. SE. of Bingham. Grand Anse. See Jeremie. Grand Pre", a town in the dept, of Ardennes, leated .on the river Ayre, 29 miles E. of Rheims. Grandejlorough, Stiff. NW. of Wood- bridge. Grandrieux, a town in the dept, of the Lozere, 10 miles NW. ofLangogne. Graney , in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Grange , in Sligo, Connaught. Grange , or Mound Hamilton , in Tyrone, Ullter. Grange, in Antrim, Ulfter. Grange , in Meath, Leinfter. Grange Fortefcue, in Meath, Leinfter. Grange Mellon , in Kildare, Leinfter. Grange More, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Grange, New, in Meath, Lein- fter, near Siane. Grange , Chefh. near the mouth of the Lee. GR A Lee. Grange , Cumb. in Borrodale, near Kefwick. Grange , Dorfetf. near Ware- ham. Grange, NE. of Durham. Grange , Gloucefterf. in Tetbury parifh. Grange , Hants, N- of Itchingftoke. Grange , He- ref. near Brampton Brion. Grange , Kent, i mile from Gillingham. Grange , Lane, in Amoundernei's, has a port for fmall veffels. Grange , N. of Lincoln. Grange , Northumb. SW. of Morpeth. Grange , Northumb. near Pontiland. Gra'nge Har - zzfg’f, near Shrewlbury. Granges, a town of North Caro- lina. Granges, a town in the dept, of the Lot and Garonne. Granic, or Granicus, a fmall ri- ver of Becfangil, anciently Mysia, a province of Natolia. It has it’s fource in Mount Ida, near the fuppofed ruins of Troy, and falls into the Sea of Marmora, to the E. of Lampfaco. Granfam, Hcref. NW. of Ledbury. Granfden, Great , Hunt. SE. of St. Neot’s. Granfden , Little , Camb. SE. of Great Granfden. Granjhanu , in Down, Ulfter. Gran - flaw, in Kerry, Munfter. Gran son, a town and bailiwick of SwilTerland, to the SW. of the Lake of Neufchatel, and between it and Mount Jura. Granta, a river of Cambiidgdhire, which runs into the Cam at Cambridge. * Grantham, a neat, populous town, in Lincolnshire, noted for the fteeple of it’s church, which terminates in a fpire, near 300 feet high, and which, by a de- ception of the fight, leems to lean on one fide. Here is a good free fchool, where the celebrated Sir Ifaac Newton received his fir ft education. Grantham has a nurpber of very good inns, being greatly r’eforted to as a thoroughfare on the N. road. It is fituated on the river Witham, 24 miles SW. of Bolton, and 110 N. of London. Market on Saturday. Granthorn , Line, on the ccaft, N. of Salt fleet. Grantley , Yorkf. W. Riding, SW. of Rippon. Granville, a town in the dept, of the Channel, moftly feated on a fharp rock, 12 miles NW. of Avranches. It is iur- rounded by walls, and has a harbour ca- pable of receiving about 60 fmall veffels. Near it is a noted oylter fifliery, and on the land fide are quarries of Ptone of a very large fize, and remarkable for l heir hard- nets. Lat. 48. 50. N. Ion. 1. 32. W. Grany Ferry , in, or between the coun- ties of Wateriord and Kilkenny. Pi R A GrasON, an ifiand near the coalt of Sweden, in the Gulf of Bothnia, about 15 miles long and 2 wide. Lat. 60. 22. N. Ion. 18. 20. E. Grassono, a town of Bafilicata, in Naples, 18 milts ESE. of Cirenza. Grajlon , Dorfetfliire, in Burton pariffi. Grarigg Hall, Weftmorl. NE. of Kendal. Grajham , Hunt. W. of Bugden. Grafh- ham, Sufiex, SW. of Pet worth. Grading- ton , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Skipton, m Craven. Grassme're Water, a fmall, beau- tiful lake of Weftmorland, N. of Amble- fide’and Rydal ; near it Hands the neat village of Graflinere. Grajfmire, a lofty mountain of Cumber- land, near Buttermere. Grasse, a town in the dept, of Var, trading in dry fruit, olives, oil, perfumes, and tanned leather. It is feated on an eminence, 15 miles WSW. of Nice. Grasse, La, a town in the dept, of the Aude, feated on the river Othieu, iS miles SE. of Carcaffonne. Grateley , Hants, SE. of Quarley Hill, in the road from Andover to Salifbury. Grath brated for it’s cheefe, which is exported to Italy, France, Germany, and other coun- 1 tries. It is 1 5 miles S. of Friburg. Gryley , Worcef. on the Severn, oppofite toOmberfley. Grymfcot, Northamp. NW. j of Towcefter. Grymflon , Nott. on the ri- ver Idle, NW. of the Markhams. Gryn - don, Northamp. near Wellingborough. GrynfliiU, Shropf. between Hadnall and Wem. GrylvL'orth, Northamp. 3 miles from Brackley. Guacocinga, G U A Guacocinga, a town of Tlafcala, in Mexico Guadalajara, or Guadalaxara, a town rf Spain, in New Caftile; and a river of Andalufla, which runs into the Mediterranean between Gibraltar and Marbelia. Guadalajara, a town, the capital of a rich and fertile province of the fame name, in Mexico, about 200 miles NW. of the city of Mexico. Lat. 21. 20. N. Ion, 104. 49. W. Guadalaviar, a river of Spain, which runs into the Mediterranean, near Valencia.. Guadaloupe, a river of Arragon, which falls into the Ebro, at Cafpe; alfo a river and town of Spanilh Eftremadura. Guadaloupe, one of the Leeward Iflands, in the W. Indies, lying between Antigua and Dominica, in lat, 16. 20. N. Ion. 62. o. W. and fubje£l to the French. It is about 250 miles in circumference, and is divided into two parts by a channel, in one place 4 miles over, and navigable, only for canoes, called Riviere Sale. By this llrait, the lea on the NW. communi- cates with that on the SE. The NW. part is divided into Bafteterre and Cabef- terre. The SE. part is named Grande- terre : it does not, however, contain more land than the former, but it’s lhape is more irregular. The foil is exceedingly good, and every where well watered, efpecially in the diftri£t of Cahefterre. On the top of a very lofty mountain, is a volcano, called La Souffriere, the two mouths of which open into a pit of fulphur. The negroes get brimftone here, which they af- terwards purify and lell. The vegetables, fruits, and trees, are much the fame as in the other iflar.ds, except the cinnamon- tree, balfam of the capivi, and the milk- fhrub, which yields a balfamic liquor like milk. The bees here are without flings; their honey never hardens, but is always of the confidence of oil. In 1775, the exports were 188,386 quintals of l'ugar, 63,029 of coffee, 1438 of indigo, 1024 of cacao, and 5193 of cotton; beftdes hides, and other articles, and without including the barter with Martinico, and cth r iflands . In 1759, Guadaloupe was taken by the Englilh, but reftored at the peace of 1763. Guad alc^uiX'er, a large river of Spain, which rifes in New Caftile, and empties itl'elf into the Atlantic, about 18 miles NW. of Cadiz. Guad aram a, a river and town of New Caftile; the latter is celebrated for it's cheefe. Guadiana, a large river which rifes G U A in New Caftile, and crofting La Mancha and Spanilh Eftresnadura, enters Portugal a few miles W. of Badajox, and partly feparating Andalufia from Alenttjo, falls into the Atlantic between Agamonte and Caftromarim. Gaudix, a town of Spain, in Granada. Gualdo, a town of Ancona, in Italy. Guam, or Guahan, the chief of the Ladrone Iftands, in the Eaftern Indian Sea, about 90 miles in circumference. This iftand is fertile, and has feveral good har- bours, with a great number of fmall frelh- water rivers. It is fubjeft to the Spani- ards, but the inhabitants are moftly natives of the country. Their number is eftimat- ed at 30,000. They are Ikilful at boat- building, and are fubjebt to a kind of le- profy, though the air is wholefome, and the illand abounds with excellent fruit. The Spaniards have a town here, the houfes of which are built with ftone, and defended by two forts, and a garrilbn of 100 men. There are alfo feveral other villages, fome of which contain about 130 houfes. The natives go naked. Lat. 13. 25. N. Ion. 145. 15. E. Guamanga, a town and province of Peru, with an univerftty, which enjoys a givat revenue, for the ftudy of philofophy, divinity, and law. It is 200 miles SE. ©f Lima. Guananhani, one of the Bahama Iflands, now called Cat Illand. Guanuco, a town and jurifdi£Uon of Peru, which begins about 40 leagues NE. of Lima. Guancavelica, a town and country of Peru, famous for mines of quickfilver. Guardafui, a cape of Africa, at the NE. extremity of Add, and the entrance of the Straits of Babelmande). Lat. 11, 46. N. Ion. 50. 18. E. Guarda, a town of Beira. Guardi a, a town of Gali®ia, feated at the mouth of the Minho river ; alfo a town of Alava, and a town of New Caftile, all in Spain; and a town of Calabria Citra, in Naples. Guardia Alferes, a town of Moll- ies, in Naples. Guardamar, a fea-port of Valencia. Guarma, a lea-port of Santa, in Peru, Guajli , or Wadeland. See Wajh. Guastalla, a town of_Mamua. Guasto, a town in Abruzzo Citra. Guatimala, The Audience of, in Mexico, is about 400 miles in length, and, in fome places, 100 in breadth. It contains 12 provinces. A chain of mcui- tains runs acrofs it, many of which a-e volcanoes, and it is fubjefl to earthquakes U z and G U E and {forms. It is, however, very fertile, and produces corn, cattle, chocolate, co- chineal, cotton, and the heft indigo in the Spanilh dominions. Guatimala, a province of Mexico, in the audience of the lame name. Guatimala, a town of Mexico, capi- tal of the province and audience of the fame name, with an univerfity. It was deftroyed by an earthquake in 1751, and again in 1773, when not lefs than 8000 families inftantly per idled. The city, however, has been rebuilt on a fpot about 24 miles diftant from the former. The audience is compofed of a governor, prefi- dence, and counl’eilors. Lat. 14.. 28. N. Ion. 92. 40. W. Guave Petit, or Goave Petit, a fea-port town of the Illand of St. Domin- go, with a fafe, capacious harbour. It is the ftaple to which the inhabitants of Grand Guave, and other places, fend their commodities. It is 20 miles WSW. of Leogane. Lat. 18. 30. N. Ion. 37. W. Guaxaca, a province of Mexico, ex- tending from the gulf of that name to the S. Sea, about 240 miles in length, and 120 in breadth. It produces wheat, In- dian corn, caffia, cochineal, and mulberry- trees, and contains mines of gold, filver, and cryftal. Here are 150 Indian towns, befides 300 villages, and upwards of 150,000 natives. It’s capital, Guaxaca, otherwife called Ante- C^uera, contains about 2000 inhabitants, who make fine fweetmeatS' and chocolate, and are reckoned wealthy. It has feveral rich convents, and is 90 miles nearly S. of Vera Cruz. Lat. 17. 45. N. ion. 97. 40. W. Guayaquil, a bay, harbour, and town of Peru, capitals of 'an audience of the fame name. It is divided by a ftream into two parts, called the Old and the New, joined by a bridge, for foot paffen- gers, half a mile long. It is about 140 miles SSW. of Qujto, and 150 NE. of Paita. Lat. 2. ix. S. Ion. 79. 59. W. Guayra, a fea-port of Terra Firma, fituated on the Caraccas coaft, in the har- bour of Leon de Caraccas. Gubbins, Devonf. near Brent Torr and Lidford. Gubbins , or Gabions , Herts, near Stapleford. Guben, a town of Lufatia, fituated on the river Lubbe, 2a miles S. of Frankfort on the Oder. Gubio, a town of Urbino, in Italy. Gudby , Line. NW. of Horncaftle. Gud- re'Vte ljle , Coinw. oft' St. Ives' Bay. Guedp.H, a river in Montgomeryf. Glelderlanp, including Zutphen, g u E a province of the Dutch United States, bounded on the N. by Overyflel, and the Zuyder Zee ; on the E. by the bilhopric of Munfter, and the duchy of Cleves 5 on the S. by Cleves and Dutch Brabant } and on the W. by the Zuyder Zee, Utrecht, and Holland. Before the late invafion by the French, Guelderland fent 19 deputies to the States General. Nimeguen is the capital. Gueldres, a town of the duchy of Guelderland, ceded, with a confiderable diftrift, toPruftia, by the treaty of Utrecht, in exchange for the principality of Orange, which was annexed to France. In 1794. it was taken by the French. It is feated on the river Niers, among marfhes, 22 miles NNE. of Ruremonde. Guerande, a town in the dept, of Lower Loire, which carries on a confider- able trade in white fait. It is fituated about 3 miles from the lea, and 32 W. of Nantes. Guerche, La, a town in the dept, of the Ule and Vilaine, 20 miles ESE. of Rennes $ a town in the dept, of the Cher } and a town in the dept, of the Indre and Loire, 24 miles NNE. of Poitiers. Gueret, a town in the dept, of Creufe, fituated near the fource of the Gartempe, at fome diftance from the river Creufe, 35 miles NE. of Limoges, and 170 S. of Paris. Guernsey, an ifland in the Englilh Channel, near the coaft of France, about 30 miles in circumference. It has been held lubje£l to England, fince the time of the Norman conqueft. The natives lpeak French, this illand having been formerly a part of Normandy, and being ft ill go- verned by the old Norman laws. The air is healthy, and the foil more rich and fer- tile than that of Jerfey. Here is a very good harbour, and, on the S. fide of the illand, a bay capable of receiving large velfels." They are fufliciently fuppiied with corn and cattle, for their own ufe and that of the Ihips j wines and cider are cheap and plentiful ; there is plenty of game and fowl ; and they catch great quan- tities of fea-filh of various kinds. The inhabitants have a confiderable trade to Newfoundland and the Mediterranean. Guernley is divided into 10 parilhes, but with only 8 churches. The convention of the eftates confifts of a governor, coroners, jurats, clergy, and conftable. The ftaple manufaflure is knit ftockings. Port St. Pierre is the principal town. Lat, 49. 30. N. Ion. 2. 56. W. Guejiling, Suflex. Gueta, a town of New Caftile. Guiana, G U I Guiana, an extenfive country of S. America, on the coaft of the Atlantic, ly- ing between the rivers Oronoko and Orel- lana. It is about i ioo miles in length, and from 300 to 600 in breadth. The French poffefs one part of the coaft, and the Dutch another. Dutch Guiana con- tains the fettlements of Surinam, Berbice, Iflequibo, and £)emerary ; all which take their names from different rivers. French Guiana goes by the name- of EquinoCtial France, or Cayenne, from the territory fo called, and extends from the river Mara- wina to the river Oyapoco SE. The in- ternal parts of the country are but little known ; they are inhabited, however, by different tribes of Indians, fome of whom make their houles on trees, to be fecure from the inundations of the rivers. Sugar, cotton, filkj tobacco, Brafil wood, aloes, natural balfam, oranges, and citrons made into fweetmeats or otherwife, are articles of commerce in this country. It lies be- tween 2 and 8 degrees of N. lat. Guienne, a ci devant province of France, very fruitful, and producing great quantities of wine. It was about 160 miles in length, and 85 in breadth, hav- ing Bourdeaux for it’s capital. The word Guinne is a corruption of Aquitaine, an ancient country, of great extent, faid by Caefar to be feparated from the reft of Gaul, by the river Garonne. Guihjborough , Northamp. near Nafeby. It ftands on a high hill, with a large pro- fpcCt every way. * Guilford, an ancienttown of Surry, noted formerly for it’s manufactory of cloth, of which there are ftill fome fmall remains. It has a number of good inns, with excellent accommodations, being a great thoroughfare on the road from Lon- don to Portfmcuth. The fummer affizes are held alternately here and at Croydon. It is feated on the declivity of a hill, on the river Wey, which is navigable to the Thames, and> by which a great quantity of timber is carried to London, not only from the neighbourhood, but from Suffex and Hampfhire woods, above 30 miles off, 17 miles SW. of Kingfton, and 30 SW. of London. Market ^chiefly for corn) on Saturday. Guilford, a town of Connecticut j and two towns of N. Carolina. Guilford, E. Suffex, near Rye Harbour. Guillain, St. See Ghilan. Guillestree, a town in the dept, of the Upper Alps, 9 miles NNW. of Em- brun. Guilfdon, Warw. near Colefhil). Guimaraens, a confiderablc town G U I Entre Duero e Minho, with a manufacture of linen in high eftimation, 27 miles NNE. of Oporto. Guincamp, a town in the dept, of the North Coaft, 258 miles W. of Paris. Guinea, a country of Africa, of which little is known, except the coaft, thence called the Coaft of Guinea. It is divided into the Lower and the Upper. The Low- er part is commonly called Congo. The Upper comprehends the diftriCts of Sierra Leone j the Grain Coaft, or Malagueta j the Tooth Coaft ; the Gold Coaft ; the Slave Coaft; and Benin. It is unhealthy for Europeans, though the natives live to a confiderable age. The latter in general go almoft naked, and are faid to be an in- nocent, inoffenfive, and hofpitable people, except fuch as have been corrupted by the Europeans. Thefe have factories on the coaft, and promote feuds, frauds, and ci- vil wars among the natives, by every means of feduCtion, kidnapping, and co- ercion, that they may get the prifoners to carry off as {laves. Two or three Euro- pean fettlements are at length formed in Guinea, under the governments of Great Britain and Denmark, for the purpofe of carrying on an honeft and advantageous trade with the natives, and for promoting their civilization. The productions of this country are the variety of rich tropi- cal fruits, gums, hard woods, grain, gold, ivory, wax, &c. Guinea, New, a long, narrow, ifland of the S. Pacific Ocean, N. of New Hol- land, from which it is feparated by En- deavour Strait. This ftrait is about 10 leagues long and 5 broad, except at the NE. entrance, where it is contracted by a group of iflands, called the Prince of Wales's Iflands. -New Guinea extends from near the equator to 12 deg. S. lat.' and from 131 to 153 deg. E. Ion. The land is in general low, and covered with an aftonilhing luxuriance of wood and herbage." Molt of the trees, fhrubs, and plants, that are common in the S. Sea Iflands, are found here in the greateft per- fection. The inhabitants refemble the New Hollanders. Guipusco a, a mountainous and woody country, in the NE. part of Bifcay, extend- ing about 25 ujiles from N. to S. and from »5 to 20 from E. to W. A multi- tude ot forges have been eftablifhed in this country, to manufacture the excellent iron found in the mountains. The principal towns areTolofa, St. Sebaftian, and Font- arabia. Guiscard, a town in the dept, of the Oife, 5 miles N. of Noyon, U 3 Guisden, GUN Guisden. SeeFoxFORD. Guise, a fmall town in the dept, of Aifne, feated on the river Oife, 15 miles NE. of St. Quin tin, and 95 NE. of Paris. Guiting, Guiting Power, or Lower Gutt- ing, and Guiting Temple, or Upper Guiting, Gloucefterf. 6 or 7 miles NW. of Stow. Gulrock, Cornw. in the fea, at the Land’s End. Gulval, Cornw. at the bottom of Mount’s Bay. Gule , Lough , a lake in Antrim, Ulfter. Gumbledon , Wilts, NE. of the Winter- borns. Gumley , Leicef. NW. of Harbo- rough. Gumjhall, Surry, between Abinger and St. Martha’s Chapel. Gumjlod , Glouc. in Woolafton parifh. Gumby, Line, near N. and S. Witham, Gunby , Line. NE. of Spiifby. Gundelfingen, a iordfhip and caftle of Suabia ; and a town of Newburg, in Bavaria. Gunfield, Dorfetf. between Blandford and Cranbourn Chace. Gun fleet , Effex, S. of Harwich. Gunhajkin , Cornw. SW. of Columb Magna. Gunnarrow , Heref. NE. of Monmouth. Gunnarton , North- umb. NW. of Swinborn Caftle. Gun - Tier/bury, Midd. between Afton and Old Brentlord, a villa, which has all the grace and boldnefs of it’s architeft, the great Inigo Jones. Gunny , Line, near Trent, oppofite to Axholm Ifle. Gunflon , Staff. S. of Brewood. Gunthorp , Norfolk, near Walfingham. Gunthorp , Northamp. near Peterborough. Gunthorp , Rutland, near Okeham. Gunthorp , Line, on the Trent, in the Ifle of Axholm. Gunthorp , Nott. near the Trent, in Ludham parifh. Gun- thwaite Hall , Yorkf. near Barneftey. Gunton , Norf. near Norwich. Gunton , Suff. N. of Lowftoff. Gu ntoor, one of the northern circars, in the peninfula of Hindooftan. It is alfo called Mortinazagar and Condavir, and occupies the fpace between Condapilla, the fouthernmoft of the Engiifh circars, (from which it is divided by the liver Kiftqah) and the N. part of the Carnatic ; extending about 40 miles along the coalf of the Bay of Bengal. The lea-coaft is flat, but the interior part contains ieveral fortreftes and great towns. It was for- merly fuhjcdt to the nizam of the Deccan, but has been ceded lately to the Engiifh. Guntseerg, a town in Burgau, Suabia. Guntzenhausen, a town of An- fpach, in Franconia, feated on the river Altmul, 10 miles SSE. of Anfpach. Gunwallo , Cornwall, N. of the Lizard Point. Gunwarby , N, and S, Line, near G WE Grantham. Guppy , Dorfetf. in the parifh of Wotton Fitzpain. Gurck, a town and river of Carinthia. Gurlyn , Cornwall, SE. of Market Jew. Gurran, Cornw. between Tregonyand the fea-coaft. GuJJage, St. Michael, GuJJage Middle , Gujj'age Dinant , or Gujfage Bohun , Gujj’age All Saints , Higher and Upper GuJJage , Dorfetf. near Cranborn. Gujlon , Kent, near the S. Foreland. Gustrow, a town of Mecklenburg. Gutheridge , Heref. near Dean Foreft. Guydon, Warw. near Chadfhunt. Guydore, River, in Donegal, Ulfter. Guzerat, a country of Hindooftan, about 170 miles long, and 120 broad, moftly in a peninfula formed by the Gulfs of Cambay and Cutcli, and the Indian Ocean. The weftern parts are mountain- ous and woody, inhabited by a hardy race, and governed by rajahs of their own. But the iargeft and fineft part of it is divided between two of the Poonah Mahratta chiefs, the Paifhwa and Fufty Sing Gwi- cuar. Great part of this country was con- quered by the Engiifh, under General Goddard, but reftored to the Mahrattas, foon after the war with Hyder Ally. Ame- dabad is the capital. Gwalior, a ftrong fortrefs of Hindoo- ftan, in the circar of Gohud. It ftands on a vaft rock, about 4 miles in length, but narrow, and nearly flat at the top ; the Tides of which are fo fteep, as to appear nearly perpendicular; for, where it was not naturally fo, it has been cut away. The height, from the plain below, is from 200 to 300 feet, and the only entrance is by fteps running up the fide of the rock. The rampart conforms to the edge of the precipice all round. This fortrefs was taken in Auguft, 1780, by Major Popharn, by an unexpe&ed nocturnal efcalade. The town, which is large and well built, with a number of magnificent edifices, is fitu- ated at the foot of the mountain. Gwalior is 65 miles S. of Agra. Gwallon Downs, Cornw. heathy moun- tains near Trewarclreth Bay. Gwana, a river in Pemb. Gwarneu Clepa, Mourn. NW. of Tredegar. Gwarnock, Cornw. NW. of Truro. Gweger , a river in An- glelcyv which runs into the fea on the N. coaft, a little below Llanbaderich. G wel- ly, a river in Cainarvonf. which runs into the Irifh Channel about 4 mile S. from the town of Carnarvon. Gwendrathvag and Gwendrathvaus, rivers in Carmarthenf. which runs into the Briftol Channel near Kidwelly. Gwenrow, a river in Denbighf. which runs into the Dec below W rexham. Gwerndy % GWY Gwerndy, Monm. NE. of Abergavenny. , G-vcernejfeny, Monmouthf. NE. of Ufk. Gwerngoohen, Monm. NE. of Aberga- venny. Gwilly, a river in Carmarthenf. which runs into the Towz at Abergwilly, where there is a good, ftone bridge, about 2 miles above Carmarthen. Gwornall, Upper and Lower, Staff, in Sedgley parifh. Grindftones, for thick-edged tools, are dug here, fome of which have proved as good as the Derbyfhire ftones. Gwithrin , Denbighf. Gwymer, Cornw. NW. of Clowans. Gwyn, a river in Pembrokef. Gwynap, Cornw. N W. of Penryn. Gwyn- G y s drath Bay, Cornw. E. of Falmouth Haven. Gwywne Rock, Cornw. in Tredwardreth Bay. Gwynt , or Gynt, a river in An- glefey, which runs into the Kevenny, op- pofite Llangriftolis. Gwythel, a river in Radnorf. which runs into the Arro, near Kyneton. Gwytbion, Cornw. neat St. Ives Bay. Gyfhorn, a town of Lunenburg Zell. Gyhorn , Cambridgef. in Ely Ille, SW. of Wilbeach. Gyles, St. EflTex, S. of Ep- ping Street. Gyrrow, a river in Denbighf. which runs into the Alwen a little below Bettus. Gyjjing , Norf. near Difs. H A C H AAG, or HAG, a town and coun- ty of Bavaria } and 3 towns in the archduchy of Auftria. Habar. See Abher. Habat, the NW. province of Moroc- co, on the Straits of Gibraltar. Habbe Lench, Worcef. near Bilhamp- ton. Habergham , Lane. NE. of Shuttle- worth. Ha ter ley, Shropf. E. of Alton's Pigot. Habeljlhorp, Nott. near N. Lever- ton. Habton , Great and Little , Yorkf. N. of New Malton. Haccomb , or Huck- ham , Devonf. near Chudleigh. Hack, De- vonf. between Kingfbridge and Modbury. Hack , Wilts, near the Nadder, not far from Wardour Caftle. Hacha, a fea-port and river of St. Martha, in Terra Firma. Here the Spa- nilh galleons touch on their arrival in S. America, and hence exprefles are lent to the different fettlements, to give them no- tice of it. It is 210 miles ENE. of Car- thagena. Lat. 11. 30. N. Ion. 72. o. W. Hack Beauchamp, Somerfetf. adjoining to Curry Mallet. Hachejlon , Suff. near Wickham. Hachford, Norfolk, between Repeham and Falfham. Macbford, Norf. near Windham. Hackcliff, Line. E. of Caiftor. Hackenby , Line, between Bourn and Fokingham. Hacket's 'Town, in Carlow, Leinfter, 41 miles from Dublin. Hacket's Town , in Waterford, Munfter. Hackfortb, Yorkf. N. Riding, between Bedall and Hornby Caftle. Hackington , Kent, 1 mile from Canterbury. Hackinsac, a town of New Jerfey, fituatedon a river of the fame name, which runs into the Atlantic, about 6 miles N. from Staten Ifland, It is 6 miles NNE. of Newark. Hackhjlon , Lane, near Garftang, Hac- HAD kleton , Northamptonf. near Sacy Foreft. Hacklins, Kent, near Deal. Hacknes , Yorkf. near Whitby. Hackney, a popu- lous village of Midd. containing about 800 heufes : it is nearly joined to London towards the NNE. The parilh contains the hamlets of Upper and Lower Clapton, Darlefton, Shacklewell, Homerton, and 7 others. This village is faid to have been the firft near London, that was accommo- dated with carriages for occafional pafleri- gersj and hence the origin of the term Hackney, as applied to hired coaches, horfes, &c. Hackpendown, Devonf. near Stanton. HackflalL Surry, in Blechingly parilh. Hacktborn, N. of Lincoln. Hack- thorp, Weftm. near Lowther. Hackwell, Effex, near Rochford. Hatton, Cornw. N. of Saltalh. Hatton, ElTex, SE. of Rumford. Hadamar, a town, the capital of Naf- fau Hadamar, Upper Rhine. Hadbury , Wore, near Charlton. Had- den Bridge, Northumb. N W. oi Hexham. Haddenford, Staff, near Beaudefert. Had- den Hall , Derby f. in the High Peak, near Bakewell. Haddenham, Canrb. near Ely. * Haddington, an ancient and popu- lous town of Scotland, in the county of the fame name, with a manufa&ure of coarfe woollen, eftablilhed here for feveral centuries paff. It confifts of 4 ftreets, which interfefl each other nearly, at right angles. The number of inhabitants is rather more than 2000. John Knox, the celebrated reformer, was a native of this town. It is feated on the river Tyne, 18 miles E. of Edinburgh. Haddingtonshire, or East Lo- thian, a county of Scotland, bounded on the W. by Edinburghfhire, on the N. by the Frith of Forth, on the E. by the Geo- U 4 man HAD man Ocean, and on the S. by the county of Berwick. It is about 25 miles long from E. to W. and 15 miles where broad- eft. The land is in many places doubly produ&ive, affording immenfe' quantities of coal, while rich crops of corn are railed on it's furface. The fouthern part of the county, comprehending the N. fideofLam- mermuir Hills, is mountainous. Thefe high grounds, however, feed vaft numbers of fheep. On the lea-coait are feveral harbours and fiftiing-towns ; fait is made in many places, and the country in general is populous and rich. Haddon , Huntingdonftiire, N. of Stilton. Haddon Beacon, Somerfetf. NE. of Dul- verfton. Haddon, E. and IE. Northamp. Kadersleben, a fea-port in the duchy of Slefwick, with a harbour only fit for fmall veffels. The inhabitants principal- ly fubfift, by the paffage from Slefwick to the Ifland of Funen. It is 24 miles E. of Ripen. Hadham, a town of Connecticut, fitu- ated on the Connecticut River, 80 miles SW. of Bolton. Hadham, Magna and Parva, Hadham Crofs, and Hadham Mills, Herts, on the river Afh, near Bilhop’s Stortford. Had - hurjl, Suffex, near Biighthelmfton. Had- leigh, in Effex, near Prittlewell. It is noted for the confiderable remains of it’s ancient caftle, which appears to have been a grand ftruCture of ftone, feated on the brow of a fteep hill, from whence there is an extenfive profpeCt. It’s walls, 9 feet thick, are now covered with bulhes. Had- lejleigh , Yorkf. near Sherborn. Hadley , Norfolk, near Langley Abbey. Hadley , Shropf. NE. of Wellington. Hadley , Midd. near Barnet. Hadley, a town of Suffolk, pretty large, populous, and tolerably well built, but, being fituated in a bottom, it is ge- nerally dirty. Large quantities of yarn are ftill fpun here for the Norwich manu- facture, and formerly it had a confiderable woollen manufacture. It is feated on the river Prefton, 20 miles SE. of Bury, and 64 NE. of London. Confiderable Mar- kets on Monday and Saturday for corn, proviftons, See. Hadlouj, Kent, between Ewherft and Mei worth, near the Medway., Hadnall , Shropshire, between Shrewsbury and Wcm. Hadnam, Bucks, NE. of Tame. Hadramaut, a town and province of Arabia Felix, containing feveral large towns and lea- ports, it’s principal pro. duCtions are f'rankincenle, gum arabic, dragons’ bleed, myrrh, and aloes ; which lalt, however, is chiefly produced in the H A I Ifland of Socatra. It has Oman to the NE. the fea to the SE. and Yemen to the W. Hadramaut is about 300 miles ENE. of Mocha. Hadfro, Norf. on the Waveney, be- tween Beccles and Yarmouth. Hadfer , Worcefterl. near Droitwich. hadjiock t Effex, between Walden and Lint n. Hag- born, E. and IV. Berks, 4 miles SW. of Wallingford. Hagarstoyvn, a flouriftiing inland town of Maryland. Haggerjlon , Northumb. E. of Norham- Caftle. Haghamon , near Shrewfbury. Hagiaz, a town of Hedjas, in Arabia. Hagington, Devonf. in Ilfotdcomb pa- ri fh. Hagington, Eaji, Devon I . in the parilh of Berry Neibert. Hagley, Wore, between Clent and Stourbiidge : it’s ele- gant hall and park form one ot the molt de- lightful feats in the kingdom. Hagloe , Glouc. near Aure. Hagnaby , Line, near Bullingbrook. Hague, The, a town of the United Provinces in Holland, which may compare with the handfomeft cities in Europe, with regard to extent, the number and beauty of it’s palaces, it's ftreets, it’s agreeable walks, and it’s great trade. It was the late refidence of the ftadtholder, the Hates general, and the ftates of the provinces' was governed by it’s own magiftrates, viz. a baily, whofe office was for life 5 3 bur- gomafters, changed every year ; 7 eche- vins $ 12 common council ; a penfioner ; a fecretary ; and a treafurer. In 1768, it was fuppofed to contain 40,000 fouls. It is feated about 2 miles from the lea, 10 N. of Rotterdam, and 30 SW. of Amlter- dam. Lat. 52. 7. N. Ion. 4. 26. E. Haguenau, a town in the dept, of Lower Rhine, feated on the river Mbtter, in the middle of a foreft, which bears it’s name, 12 miles N. of Strafbmg. Hag’s Tooth, a mountain near Kil- lenane, N. of Cabir, in Kerry, Munlter, on the N. fide of which are fome romantic lakes. The mountains hereabouts, are frequented by herds of fallow deer, which range undifturbed in thefe wild and foli- tary recedes. Hagnjjorthingham , Lincoln/, near Horn Callle. Iiaigh, Lane, near Wigan. From t)ie top of a mount in the park here, are pretty di ft inCtly feen 13 counties and the Ille of Man. In this lordfhip are the fineft works of cannel-works in England, which appear to be inexhauftible, and have vitriol iprings in them. Hailbron, an imperial town of Wir- temberg, Suabia, feated on the river Ntc- kar, in a country celebrated tor it’s vine- 3 yards. HAL yards, 22 miles N. of Stutgard. There are public baths in the neighbourhood. The inhabitants are chiefly Proreftants. Hailwejlon , Hunting, near St. Neot’s. Here is a mineral lpring, which is ex- tremely ufeful in curing many dil’orders in- cident to the eyes, and likewife for erup- tions on the fkin- Haimburg, a town of Auftria, and a town ot the Upper Palatinate. Hain, a town of Gotha, in Upper Sax- ony. Hainan, a confiderable ifland in the Chinefe Sea, about 150 miles in length, and 75 in breadth. It is about 10 miles S. of the province of Canton. The north- ern part is level} but the country in the S. and E. is mountainous. It yields the fame fruits as China, btfides i'ugar, tobac- co, rice, and indigo. The inhabitants of the mountains are moftly wild, and inde- pendent of the Chinefe. They are very deformed, of fhort ftature, and copper co- loured; the women paint their faces, from the eyes to the chin, with blue ftripes made of indigo, and both fexes are clothed from the waift downwards only. The in- habitants in the plain country have fub- mitted to the Chinefe, who obtain from this ifland gold and lapis lazuli, which laft is uled to paint porcelain with, together with various kinds of curious and valuable wood, highly efteemed by the Orientals. Hainault, a foreft of Effex, SE. of Ep- ping Foreft. Hainault, County of, divided into Auftrian and French, a late province of the Netherlands, bounded on the N. by- Flanders and Brabant ; on the E. by Bra- bant, Namur, and Liege ; on the S. by France; and on the W. by Artois and French Flanders. It extends about 55 miles from E. to W. and 48 from N. to S. Mons is the capital. In the French part are included the towns of Landrecy, Quefnoy, Avefnes, Marienburg, PhiJip- ville, Valenciennes, Bouchain, Conde, Cambray, and Maubeuge, with their re- lpeftive diftri&s ; as alio feveral villages. Haireholm , or Hairum, Durham, in Braridfpeth parifh. Hackeridge , Dorfetf. in Whitchurch parifh. Halam , Nott. a hamlet of Southwell. ' Haleerstadt, a town, capital of a fertile principality of Lower Saxony, about 36 miles in length, and 28 in breadth. It is fubjecf to the king of Pruflia. Halberton,Dtvoni. near Tiverton. Hal- cheflon , Suff. Halcomb , Glottc. in Painf- wick parifh. Holden High, Kent, NE. of Tenterden. Haldenstein, a free and independent HAL barony of the Grifons, near Coire. It confifts of a fmall femicircular plain, which lies between the Rhine and the foot of Mount Calendar, about 5 miles in length, and fcarcely 1 in breadth ; and occupies alfo part of the mountain. It contains only 2, villages, llaldenftein 3nd Se > ils. The whole number of inhabitants does not exceed 4000. Haldingham , Line. NE. of Sleaford. Haldon Hilly Devonf. near the Ken and Exminfter. Hale , or Halle , a river of Cornw. which runs into the Irifti Channel near St. Ives. Hate, Middl. between Hackney Ferry and Tottenham High Crofs. Hale, Cumberl. near Egremont. Hale, Cornw. N. of Saltafh. Hale, Lane, on the Merfey, SE. of Liverp ol. Hale , Hants, near Fording bridge. Hale , Norf. near Cranwich. Haledon , Northumb. near Kirlcheaton. Haledon Hill , Northumb. W. of Berwick. Hale End , Effex, near Woodford. Hale End , Surry, NW. of Woking. Hale Houfe , Surry, near Oke- wood. Hale Houfe , Upper and Lower , M:dd. in H ndon parifh. Halen, a town in the late Auftrian Brabant, fituated on the river Geet, 4 miles SE. of Dieft, and 24 W. of Mae- ftricht. Hales, Glouc. near Winchcomb and Teddington. Hales, Norf. NE. of Loti- don. Hales , Staff, near Brewood. Hales Cote , N. of Shrewfbury. Hales Hall, Staff, hear Cheadle. Hales Owen, a town of Shropfhire, noted for a manufa£lure of nails. A great part of the walls of it’s ancient abbey are yet ftanding, but partly overgrown with bufhes and weeds. It’s parifh is infulat- ed in Worcellerfhire and Staffordfhire. It is feated on or near the river Stour, 6 miles E. of Stourbridge. A fmall Market on Monday. Halesworth, an ancient and popu- lous town of Suffolk, noted for the plenty of linen yarn which is bought up here, and fpun by the women of the county ; as alfo for a manufa&ory of fail-cloth. A great deal of hemp is raifed about the town. It is fituated on a neck of land, between two branches of the river Blythe, which is na- vigable from hence to Southwold for barges, that pafs three or four times a week with corn, See. for the London markets; 10 miles W. of Southwold, and 101 NE. of London. Market on Tuefday. Halewell, Northumb. NW. of Tin- mouth. Halewood . Lane, on the Merfey, S. of Prefcot. Halfcoat, Staff, near Stour- bridge. Half drunken Downs , Cornwall, NE. of Cam el ford. Half bide, Herts, N. of HAL of Ware. Halfhide, Staff, in Chebfey parifh. Halford, or Hawford, Warw. near Edgehili. Halgaver Moor, Cornw. near Bodmin, noted tor the fports and paf- times of it’s yearly carnival, about the middle of July, which is reforted to by thoufands of the country people. The Jovial Society here, is faid to be as old as the time of the Saxons. Halfway Houfe, in Sligo, Connaught. Halibut Island, in the N. Pacific Ocean, fo named by Capt. Cook in 1778, on account of the number of fifli of that name they caught here; fome of which weighed upward of a hundred pounds, and none lets than twenty. It is about 7 leagues in circumference, and very low and barren. Lat. 54.. 27. N. Ion. 163. o. W. Halicz, a town and diftri6l of Lem- burg, in Poland, now included in Galicia^ Halifax, the principal town and feat of government of Nova Scotia, a peninfula of Acadia. It is feated on the W. fide of Cnebu&o Bay, in a healthful country, which is greatly improved of late years, and has the appearance of fertility and cul- tivation, but is fubje£l to fogs. It has a large, fafe, and commodious harbour, af- fording fhelter to the largeft fleets, and an excellent naval yard for repairing ihips of war. The town is defended by an in- trencfiment and forts of timber. It was founded in the year 174.7, an( i is advan- fagcjoufly fituated for the fifr.ery. Lat. 44, 45. N. Ion. 63. 30. W. * Halifax, a large, populous, and fiourifhing town of Yovkfhire, feated on a branch of the river Calder, rendered navi- gable to the Air and Oufe. The princi- pal manufa&ures are fhalloons, tammies, duroys, kerieys, baizes, See. The Piece Hall, or Market Houfe, is a very elegant new lfrufture of ftone, in the form of an oblong fquare, occupying 10,000 i’quare yards, and containing 315 diftin£l rooms for the lodgment of goods. The parifh is about 16 miles long, and from 6 to 8 broad, the vicar of which is juftice of peace, as vicar. The adjoining hills dif- play on their brows, and often to their iummits, marks pf agriculture and manu- factures. It is 40 miles SW. of York, and 197 NNW. of London. Market on 7' hu rid ay. Halifax, a town of MaflachufetS; a town of Virginia; and a town of N. Ca- rolina, fituated on the S. of the liver Ro- anoke. Haling, Surry, near Croydon. Halk- will, Kent, SE. of Tu .'.bridge. Half Dcvonf. S. of Barnftabl?. Half Hie of HAL Wight, in E. Medina. Half Cornwall* on Fowey Harbour, oppofite to the town* Half Devonfliire, near Bifhop’s Tawton- Hall Barn, Bucks, near Beaconsfield- Hallams , NE. of Derby. Halland, Suflex, ,NE. of Lewes. Halland, a mountainous province of Sweden, inclofed between Weftro Goth- land, Scania, Smaland, and the N. Sea ; it extends about .60 miles along the SW. coaft, but is not above 16 in breadth. The chief employment of the inhabitants is grazing and fifhing. Halmftadt is the ca- pital. Hallaton, a town of Leicefterfhire, noted for it’s poverty in the midft of a rich foil. It is 12 miles SE. of Leicefter. Market on Thut’fday. Hallaton, Warw. near Lower Whitacre. Halfdown Houfe , Devon f. 6 miles from Exeter. Halle, a town in the late Auftrian Hainault. Halle, a large town of Magdeburg, in Lower Saxony, with a famous univerfity and falt-works. Halle, an imperial town of Suabia, feated on the river Kocher, among rocks and mountains ; a town of Ravenfburg, Weftphalia; and a town in the Tyrolefe. Hallein, a town of Saltzburg, in Ba- varia, feated on the river Saltza, among the mountains, wherein are fait fprings. Hallen , Gloucefterf. in Henbury parifh. Hall End, Warwick!’, between Whatley and Poiefworth. Haller., a town in the late Auftrian Brabant. Haller ton , Devonfhire, near Tiverton. Hall Ha fey, near Shrewfbury. Hallifield, Eflcx, between Waltham Abbey and Na- fing. Hallington , Leicef. SW. of Louth. Hailing , Kent, near the Medway, oppofite Woldham. Hallington, Staff, near Row- ley. Hallijlone , Northumb. near Harbot- tle. Hallow, 2 miles from Worcefter. Hallowes , Yorkf. W. of Bradford. Hall Place , Surry, in Godalmin parifh. Hall Place , Surry, near Thorp and Chertley. Hall's Mill, in Down, Ulfter. Hallweflon , Huntingdonfhire, near St. Neot’s. Hallwiu , Cornwall, between St. Breock’s and Padftow. Halmley, Here- fordfhire, E. of Stevenage. Halmstadt, a fea-port town of Swe- den, capital of the province of Halland, with flourifhing woollen manufactures, and a rich falmon fifhery. It is fituated at the mouth of the river Nifla, 96 miles WNW. of Carlfcrona. Lat. 56. 39. N. Ion. 12. 48. E. Halmjleadi Kent, SE. of Cranbrook. Halmflon, HAL Halmfton, Devonfhire, near the Taw river and Ccddon Hill. Halnaby , Yorkf. near Richmond. Halneck, Suffex, near Chi- chefter. Halpton , Devonf. in Ufrcolumb parifh . Halfall , Lane. W. of Ormflciik. In it’s neighbourhood is a bituminous turf, which emits a fmell like the oil of amber, and from which an oil is prepared, not eafily diitinguiihable from it. The country people ule pieces of it inftead of candles. Halfey, Somerf. near Taunton. Halfey Priors, Somerfetf. near Bilhop’s Lediard. Haljbam , York!', in Holder- nefs, E. or Headon. * Halstead, a town of EfTex, with a confiderable manufa&ure of bays and feys. It is pleafantly fituated on a rifing ground; near the river Colne, 16 miles N. of Chelmsford, and 47 NE. of London. It’s Market on Friday is noted for corn. Haljhad- Kent, between Cray and Se- venoke, Halfted,Kx nt, between Farnbo- rough and Otford. Haljied , Leic. E. of Bilfton. Haljioek , Dorfetf. 2 miles NE. of Corfcomb. Haljlon , Shropf. NE. of Ofweftry. Haljlow, Kent, N. of Sitting- bourn. HaJJlow , High, Kent, between Cliffe and Stoke. Haltemprife , Yorkf, near Hull. Halteren, a town of Munfter, in Weftphalia, ieated on the river Lippe. Halton, Shropf. between Ryton and Babins Wood. Halton , Somerletf. near Cheriton and Wincanton. Halton, Line, near Spilfby. Halton , Somerfetf. on the W. fide of Sedgemoor. Halton, or Haulton, a town of Chefhire, fituated loftily on a hill, near a navigable canal, which communicates with all the late inland navigations, 2 miles NE. of Frodfham, and 186 from London. Market on Saturday. Halton, near Lancafter. It has a fal- mon fifhery in the river Lyone, with a promifing profpeft of lead and cole. Hal- ton, E. and W. Yorkf. W. Riding, near Settle. Here was anciently a royal man- fion, built by the kings of Northumber- land, who made this their place of retreat from the fury of the Danes. Halto *, Northumb. near the Pi£ls’ Wall, below Portgate. In it’s manor-houfe, called Halton Hall, is prefei ved an ancient fword, 64 inches long. Halton Chejlers, North- umb. between Rutchefter and Walwick Chefters. Halton Park , Lane. S. of Bol- ton. Halton Sheles, Northumb. on the Pifts’ Wall, N. of Corbridge. HaltVvhistle, a confiderable town of Northumberland, with an infant manufac- tory of baize. It’s inns have good accom- modations for travellers, this town being HAM a thoroughfare, in the road from Carlifle and Hexham to Newcaftle. It (lands in a lofty fituation, 37 miles W. of Newcaftle, and 315 NNW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Halvan, or Chaulan, a town of Fez. Halivell, Devonf. between Modbury and Dartmouth. Haluuortb, Yorkf. N. of Halifax. Ham, a town, with a (Irong caftle, in the dept, of Somme, feated on the river Somme, 10 miles N. of Noyon, and 48 NNE. of Paris. Ham, a village in Surry, between Peter- fham and Kingfton, the houfes of which lurround a pleafant common. Near it is Ham Hcufe, an elegant ftru£fure, near Richmond Park, and Flam Walks, cele- brated by Thomfon and others. It is a hamlet to Kingfton, and is 11 mi >*s WSW. of London. Ham, IVeJl, Efiex, between Stratford and Little Ilford, 4 miles E. by N, of London. It is feated on the river Lea. Ham, Zajl Efiex, ad- joining to W. Ham. Ham, Cornw. N. of Stratton. Ham , Dorfetf. near Gilling- ham. Ham , Dorfetf. near Pool. It has fome trade, and a ftreet of good houfes. Ham , Glouc. near Cheltenham. Ham , Htref. near Rofs. Ham , Kent, SW. of Sandwich. Ham , Kent, NE. of Apple- dore. Ham, Slurry, SE. of Ryegate. Ham , Wore, near Clifton. Ham, Wilts, S. of Hungerford. Ham Court, Surry, near Weybridge. Ham Court , Worcef. near Upton upon Severn. Ham Hall , Warvv. near Colefhill. Hamah, a large town of Syria, feated on the river Afli, formerly called Orontes. It is the refidence of the fcheik, w'ith the title of Emii-. A manufafture of linen is carried on here. It is 68 miles SSW. of Aleppo. Hamamet, a town and bay of Tunis! Hamar, 3 town in Aggerlniys, Norway. Hamberne Hall, Northumb. S. of Hex- ham. Hamberuvitb, Staff. SW. of Lich- field. Hamble, a river of Hants, which runs into the Englifh Channel at Hambl* Haven, in Southampton water. Hambledon, a town of Hants, 10 miles SW. of Petersficld, and 63 WSW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Hambledon , Bucks, near Henley upon Thames. Hambledon Hill , Dorfetf. at one end of Cranbourn Chale, whence there is an exfenfive view of the Vale of Black- more. Iiambleton , Yorkf. W. Riding, SW. of Selby. Hambleton , Lane. SW. of Garftang. Hambrook , Glouc. in the parifh of Winterbourn. Hamburg, HAM Hamburg, an imperial city of Lower Saxony, with a territory belonging to it, in which are feveral large villages and fine feats , The ftreets are many of them fpa- ciousj and the houfes, which are high and built of brick, make a grand appearance. It is very populous, and is feated partly on iflands in the river Elbe, and partly on the continent. On the fide of Holftein is the Aider, which, before it enters the town by Unices, forms a fine bafin, that is not equalled in Germany. The principal lfrpets of the Old Town have long and broad canals, formed by the Elbe, which are regularly filled by the tides. The walks round the ramparts are lofty, and planted with trees. The inhabitants carry- on a great trade with the different Euro- pean nations j they have alfo feveral veffels in the Greenland whale filhery, and there are not lefs than 200 fhips at a time belong- ing to foreign merchants at anchor before the city. The magiftracy is compofed of 4 burgher- matters, 4 fyndics, 24 aldermen, and 4 fecretaries. Lutheranifm is the ef- tablifhed religion. The principal manu- fa&ures are thofe of fugar refinery, gold, thread, velvet, and ribbons. It is 55 miles NE. of Bremen. Lat. 53. 34. N. Ion. 9. 55* Hamburg, a town of Pennfylvania, fituated at the foot of the Blue Mountains, 50 miles NW. of Philadelphia. Hamden, a town of Connecticut. Hamden , Great and Little , Bucks, near Wendover. Hamden Hill , Somerfetfhire, SE. of S. Petherton. Hame, Hants, near Andover. Hamelburgh, a town of Fulda, in the circle of Upper Rhine. Hameldon , Leic. near Bar-kby. Hamel- don , Surry, between Chiddingford and Godalmin. Hamel, Greaty Derbyf. in the Jligh Peak. Hameringham , Line. SE. of HorncaAle. Hameln, a fortified town of Calenberg, in Lower Saxony, fituated at the conflu- ence of the Hamel and VVefer, which laft here forms an ifland, with a fiuice for the convenience of the Clipping, 18 miles SE. of Minden. Hamertoiiy Hunt. NW. of Buckworth. Hamerton Green, Yorjcf. E. of Knarefbo- rough. Hamejhvell , Gloucef. near Bath. Hamfallo-iv , Gloucefterfhire, near Berkley. Hamjield Hall, Lancaf. NE. of Cartmel. Hamfordy Devonf. near Afiiwater. * Hamilton, a town of Lanerklhire, containing many handfome houfes. It is fituated on the Clyde, 10 miles SE. of Glafgow. Near it is Hamilton Houfe, the magnificent chateau of the duke of HAM Hamilton, feated between the Clyde and Avon, and furrounded by venerable oaks. Hamilton' s Ea^jun, in Armagh, Ulfter. Hamleytony Hambledony or Hamelton t Rutland, near Normanton. Hamm, a large, well-built town, the capital of Mark, in Wefiphalia. It is a place of good trade, with fine and exten- five linen bleacheries. It is feated on the river' Lippe, 17 miles S. of Munfter. Hammels, Herts, N. of Puckeridge. Hammer End, Staff. S. of Audley. Ham- mer Green , Herts, S. of Datchworth. Hammerfmitk > a large village of Middle- fex, 4 miles W. of London, is a* hamlet belonging to Fulham. There are a num- ber of handfome feats about it, efpecially towards the Thames. Hammerstein, a fortrefs of Treves, feated upon the Rhine, oppofite Coblentz. Hamon , Dorfetf. near Sturminfter. Ha- mond Park, near Shrewfbury. Hammond Street, Herts, SW. of Wormleybury. Hamont, or Helmont, a town of Liege. Hamose Creek, or Hamoaze, De- vonfhire, near Plymouth, a creek or bay of Plymouth Sound, being the weftern branch, or main flream of the river which falls into it. It forms a deep and fafe harbour for the Britifh navy, capable of containing near a hundred veffels, and it is alfo much relbrfed to as a road by mer- chant fhips bound to the E. when they wait for a wind. The men of war lie for the mofi part in 3 tiers ; the middle is appointed to three-decked fhips, that on the W. fide to fhips of lefs force, and that on the E. fide to frigates, Hampally Yorkf. NW. of Doncafter. Hampden Common , Gloucefterf. Hampen , Gloucef. a hamlet in the parifh of Shipton Oliff. Hampnety Glouc. near Northleach. Hampnet , Suffex, E. of Chichefter. Ham- preJlon t Dorfetf. near Winborne. Hampshire, Hants, or South amp- ton, a county of England, bounded on the W. by Dorfetfhire and Wilts, on the N. by Berks, on the E. by Surry and Suf- fex, and on the S. by the Englifh Chan- nel. It exrends, exclufively of the 1 fie of Wight, 42 miles from N. to S. and 38 from E. to W. It is divided into 39 hundreds, which contain 1 city, 20 market towns, 253 parifhes, 1062 villages, above 36,000 houfes, and about 200,000 inha- bitants. It is one of the moft fertile coun- ties in England. The air, in the higher parts, is clear and pure j toward the lea it is mild and inclined to moiflure. It’s produ&s are the fineft corn and hops, very large flocks of cattle and fheep, with ex- cellent H A M cellent wool, bacon, honey, and timber. For the Jaftit has been particularly famous, on account of it’s great woods, of which the principal are the New Foreft, and the Foreft of Eaft Bere. The principal rivers are the Avon, theTeft or Tele, the Itchen, and the Stour. Hampshire, New, one of the United States of North America, and one of the four divilions of New England. It is bounded on the W. and NW. by the ftate of Vermont, on the N. by Canada, on the NE. by the province of Main, on the E. by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the S. by Maflachufets. It extends about 155 miles from N. to S. and from 10 to 70 in breadth, and is divided into the counties of Rock- ingham, Strafford, Hillfborough, Chefhire, and Grafton. The land near the fsa is generally low, but advancing into the country, it riles into hills. The air is ferene and healthful ; the weather not fo fubjecl to variation as in fouthern climes; yet in fummer, the heat is great, but of fhort duration, and in winter this country is intensely cold. The capital is Porti- mouth. Hampshire, a county of Virginia; and a county of Maflachufets. Hampjiead , a village of Middlefex, 4 miles NNW. of London. It is feated on the declivity of a hill, on the top of which is a fine heath, reaching about a mile every way, adorned with feveral pretty villas, 'and affording an extenfive profpe£t of the metropolis, and the counties all round it, as far as Shooter’s Hill, Banftead Downs, Windfot Caftle, &c. Hampftead is now crowded with good buildings, even to the very deep of the hill ; but, in the reign of Henry VIII. it was chiefly inhabited by the laundrefles who wafhed for the Lon- doners. Hampjiead Marjhall , Berks, near Newbury. Hampjiead, a l'mall village, S. of Gloucefter. Hampjiede , Staff, on the N. fide of Tame, oppofite Pirrie. Hampton, a fea-port of New Hamp- shire, and a town of Virginia. * Hampton Minching, a pretty large parifh in Gloucefterfhire, 3 miles from Tetbury, which has 12 hamlets belonging to if. Market on Tuefday. Hampton, a town of Middlefex, fa- mous for a royal palace, called Hampton Court, the buildings, gardens, and parks of which are 4 miles in circumference, and wafhed on three Tides by the Thames. The apartments in Hampton Court are juftly admired, there being none more magnificent, nor more exa&ly difpofed, in any palace in the world ; and they are adorned, in refpeft of furniture, with all HAN the elegance and good tafte imaginable. It is feated on the N. fide of the river, over which there is a bridge to it from Kingfton, 14 miles SW. of London. Hampton , Chefhire, N. « f Malpas. Hampton , Gloucef. in Minfterworth pa- rifh. Hampton , Kent, E. of Swale Cliff. Hampton , Somerf. NE. of Bath. Hamp- ton upon Avon, Wacw. E. of Stratford. Hampton Bijhops , 2 miles from Hereford. Hampton Court , Hereford!'. 5 miles SE. of Leominfler. Hampton Curlew, War w. a hamlet of Budbroke. Hampton in Ar- den, Warw. NE. of Solihull. Hampton , Gay, Oxf. near Wood flock. Hampton , High, Devonf. near Hatherley. Hamp- ton Level, Worcefterfh. near Droitwich. Hampton , Magna and Parva, Worcef. SW. of Evefham. Hampton Merle, Gloucefterf. near Fairford. Hampton, Ne- ther, Wilts, NW. of Salifbury. Hamp- ton Poyle, 5^ miles from Oxford. Hamp- . ton , Short, Oxfordf. NW. of Charbury. Hampton T'urville, Wilts, NW. of Crick- lade. Hampton Welch , Shropf. near E 5 - lefmere. Hampton Wick, at the foot of the bridge of Kingfton upon Thames. Hams, E. and W. Berks, in Wantage pa- rifh. Hamfey, Suflcx, near Lewes. Ham- fill Bridge, Suflex, between Stoneland Park and Waterdown Foreft. Hamjied, Eaji , Berks, near Okingham. Hamjied Mar- jhall, Berks, 3 miles W. from Newbury, near the Kennet. It formerly belonged to the earls marfnal of England. Ham- jied Norris , Berks, near Compton. Ham- jiede, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Hamjiell , Staff. N. of Lichfield. Ham- Jierleigh , Durham, between Bed born Park and Whitton Caftle. Hamjion, Wilts. Ham Street , Kent. Hamvoorthy, Dorfetf. W. of Pool. Hamvoorthy , 5 miles NE. of Lincoln. Hanau, a town, the capital of Hanau Munzenburg, in the ciicle of Upper Rhine. The country is about 45 miles in length, and 15 in breadth; it’s foil is one of the mod fertile in Germany. The town has fome manufactures, and a great trade in timber, iron, meal, and corn brought down the Maine. It is divided into the Old and the New Town, and is feated on the Kinzig, where it falls into the Maine, 8 miles E. of Frankfort. Hanborough, Oxfordf. near Woodftock. It is noted for the felenites, or moon- ftone, which has been dug in great plenty out of it’s wells. Hanborough , Long, Oxf. near Rollrich Srones. Hanbridge , Lane, between Burnley and Townley. Hanbury Hill, Wore, between Fakenham and Droitwich. Hancocks, HAN Hancocks, a town of Maryland. Handale Abbey , Yorkf. E. of Gifbo- rough. Hanbridge , near Chefter. Hand- bury, Stafford fh. E. of Paget’s Bromley. Handby Halt , Line. 2 miles from Folking- ham. Handchurcb , S'aff. W. of Tren- tbam. Handcrofs , So flex, E. of Leonard’s Foreft. Handfajl Point , Dorfetf. by Stut- land Bay, is a high promontory. Handley, Chefli. SW. of Beefton Caftle. Handley , Lane, near Blackburn. Handley Green , Staff, near Trent, E. of Newcaltle under Line. Handfaker, Staff. W. of King’s Bromley. Handfwortb , Stafford f. W. of Tame. Haneker, Suffex, NE. of Chichef- ter. Hanford, Chefli. NW. of Maccles- field. Hanford , Dorfetf. NW. of Bland- ford, 2 miles from Durweffon. Hanford, anci Hanford Lower, Midd). W. of Sun- bury. Hanford, Staff, near the conflux of the Trent and Tyne. Hanger Hill, Mid- dlefex, N. of the road from A6ton to Eal- ing. Hanging Houghton , Northamp. W. of Walgrave. Hangingjton , Worcef. N. of Morton in Marfli. Hanging fan, North- umberl. near the Cheviot Hiils. Hanging Wood , Kent, near Woolwich. Hangtcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, capital of the province of Tchekiang. It is one of the largeft and richefl of the empire, and is laid to con- tain a million of inhabitants. The coun- try round produces great quantities of ex- cellent filk, in the manufacture of which 60,000 perfons are employed within the walls, without reckoning the vaft numbers employed in the towns and villages round about. It is 600 miles SSE. of Pekin. Hankdon, Suffolk, between Clare and Bury. Hankerion, Wilts, NE. ofMalinf- bury. Hankilow , Chef. SE. of Wren- bury. Hankridge, Wilts,' near N. Brad- ley. Hanley, Derbyf. S. of Chefterfield. a Hanley, Northamp. in Towcefter parifh. " Hanley , Upper and Lower, Worcef. E. of Tenbury. Hanley Cdfle, Worcef. an ex- tenfive parifh on the Severn, near Upton, and oppolite to Malvern Hills. Hanley, Sixpenny , Dorfetil 2 miles from Pentridge. Hajimer , Flintfhire, near St. Afaph. Hanmore Island, an ifland of above 100 acres of fertile, well-cultivated land, in Lough Derg, an expanfion of the river Shannon, in Ireland, between the counties of Galway and Tipperary. Hannam , E. and W. Gloucef. inBitton parifh , near the Avon. Hannaway, Effex, near Colchefter. Hannay, Lincoln!. NE. of Alford, Hanney , Eaft, Berks, between the Vale of White Horle and Abingdon. Hanningfeld , E. W. and C. Effex, NE. of Biliencay. Hannington , Hants, W. of H A N Bafingftoke. Hannington Wilts, W. of Highworth. Hanover, The Electorate of, comprehends the duchies of Zell, Saxe Lawenburg, Bremen, and Lunenburg, the principalities of Calenburg, Verden, Gru- benhagen, Hoye, Oberwald, Dicpholtz, Bentheim, See. The country is well fitu- ated for foreign trade, lying moftly be- tween the rivers Wefer and Eibe. It’s produce is timber, cattle, hogs, mum, beer, minerals, quickfdver, vitriol, and brimftone. Hanover, a well-built, populous city, of Calenburg, in Lower Saxony, the feat of the privy-council and’ regency of the electorate. It contains the elector's pa- lace (which having been deftroyed by fire, was rebuilt, in 1741, with great magnifi- cence) the ftate-houfe, a very grand ftruc- ture, 3 parifh churches, 3 hofpitals, a poor-houfe, and about 1200 houfes, fome of which are very large and hand Tome buildings. Here are fome valuable ma- nufactures of lace, fluffs, dockings, rib- bons, See. and a confiderable trade in the tanneries, and brewing a fpecies of white beer. It is litupted on the river Leina, (which divides it into two parts) 58 miles SE. of Bremen, and 140 W. of Berlin. Lat. 52. 25. N. Ion. 10. 5. E. Hanover, a large ifland of theS. Pa- cific, oppofite the NW. extremity of New u Ireland, a little S. of the line. It is high and covered with trees, among which are many plantations, presenting a beautiful appearance. It is about 30 miles in length, and was difeovered by Captain Carteret, in 1767. Lat. of the SW. part, 2. 49. S. and Ion. 148. 27. E. Hanover, a town of Pennfylvania; a county in the NW. part the Ifland of Jamaica; a town of Virginia, fituated on the York River; and Hanover, North and South, two towns of New Jerley. Hans Towns, or Hanseatic Uni- on, a name given to a confederacy of fe- veral fea- ports of Europe, which formed, at the time, the principal part of the com- merce of Europe. This affociation ex- tended from the North Seas and the Bal- tic, along the whole coaft of Europe to Meflinain the Mediterranean, and includ- ed in it cities of Poland, Norway, Ger- many, Holland, England, France, Spain, Portugal, and the different ftates of Italy. The defign of this affociation was, at firft, their common defence againft the pirates, who were numerous in the North Seas and the Baltic ; for a time they were much en- couraged by the different governments of 1 w Europe, HAP Europe, and had considerable privileges granted them. In the year 1200, there were feventy-two cities in the lift of Hans Towns; and fo powerful was this allia- ance, that their Slips were often hired by different princes to afiift them againft their enemies ; at length they grew fo formi- dable, particularly from the 14-th to the 1 6th century, as to give umbrage to fe- veral princes, who commanded all the dif- ferent cities within their jurifdiCtion to withdraw from the union. This imme- diately feparated the cities of England, France, Spain, and Italy, from the Hans. Thefe,on the other hand, excluded feveral others, and put themfelves under the pro- tection of the empire, making a decree that none fhould be admitted into their Society, but fueh cities as flood within the limits of the German empire. For a while the confederacy was thus continued where it had firft begun, but was at length re- duced to Bremen, Luheck, Hamburg, and Dantzick, each of which cities now carries on a feparate trade for itfelf. Hans , or Hanfey , a river in Stafford- shire/ which runs into the Manifold at Blore Park. Hanflopy Bucks, 3 miles from Newport. Hanjledy Herts, near Abbot’s Langley. Hantcheou, a town of Corea, in the province of Hoanghai, fmiated on the ri- ver Tchouang. Lat. 39. 38. N* Ion. 161. 17. E. Hantchong, a city of China, of the ff ft rank, fituated in a fertile country, in the fouthern part of the province of Chenfi, on the river Han, 625 miles SW. of Pe- kin. The principal articles of commerce, are honey, wax, mufkf and cinnabar. Hanton , Nottingh. S.of Southwell. Hanuye, la town in the late Auftrian Brabant. Han-well and Park, Oxf. near Banbury. Han we 11 , Middi. 2 miles from Brentford, N. of the road from London to Oxford. Hanwood , Great and Little , Shropf. SW. of Shrewfbury. Iianworth , SE. of Lin- coln. Han-worth , Norfolk, between Barn- ingham and Felmingham. Han-worthy Miudl. W. of Twickenham. This was the favourite feat of Henry VIII. having a profpeCt of the Thames, and a delight- ful country round about it. Hany month, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Hapaef, the name of four of the Ft iendly Iflands, in the Pacific Ocean. They are of a fimilar height and appear- ance, and connected by a reef of coral rocks, which are dry at low water. The plantations are very numerous and exten- sive ; and feme of the fences inclofing them H A R run parallel to each other, and form fpa- cious public roads, that have a beautiful effeCl, and would appear ornamental in countries where rural conveniences have been carried to the greateft perfection. Thefe fertile, well-cultivated iflands ex- tend about 19 miles. Hapsal, a fea port of Revel, 5 miles SW. of that city. Hapsburg, a ruinous caftle, on a lofty eminence, on the right bank of the Aar, about 3 miles above Bruck, in the can- ton of Bern. What regains of it is now inhabited by the family of a pealant. It is famous for being the cradle, as it were, of the houfe of Auftria, whofe anceftors may be traced back to the beginning of the 13th century, when they were no more than fimple gentlemen of SwifTer- land, and afterwards were, for many years, counts of Hapfburg ; till Rodolph I. by his talents, raifed himfelf to the empire of Germany, and archduchy of Auftria. This caftle commands an unbounded view over hills and dales, plains and forefts, rivers and lakes, towns and villages, mountains and Alps, &c. Alfo a baili- wick of Lucern ; both in Swifferland. Hapfburgh , Norfolk, NE. of Walfham. Hapsford, Chefh. NW. of Delamere Fo- reft. Hapfwell , Yorkf. S. of Richmond. Hapton and 'tower, Lane. NE. of Black- burn. Haraelesy Staffordf. NW. of Leek. • Harberbury , 4. miles from Warwick. Harber Houfe, near Durham. Harberton , Devonfh. SW. of Berry Pomery. Har- berween, Weftm. SE. of Shap. Harbi - ford, Bucks, near High Wycomb. Har- bledown, Kent, near Canterbury. Har- born, Staffordf 5 . SW. of Birmingham. *Harborough, Market, a town of Leicefterfhire, with fome manufactures of tammies and ladings. It is a great tho- roughfare on the road from Northampton to Leicefter and Derby, and is feated on the river Welland, which feparates it from Northamptonfhire, 14. miles SSE. of Leicefter, ancf 83 NNW. of London. Market on Tuefday.. Harboroughy Line. NW. of Grimfby. Ha.rborough, Warw. N.,of Rugby. Har- bottUy Manor and Caftle, Northumb. near Hall i ftones, in Riddefdale. It ftands on the Coquet. Harburg, a town of Lunenburg Zell, in Lower Saxony; and a town of Oetin- gen Wallcrftein, in Suabia. Harburn , a river in Devonfhire, which runs into the Dart below Harburton. Harby, Leicef. SW. of Belvoir Caftle. Harbybro-w , Cumb. nearlreby. Harcourt, a town in the dept, of Calvados, H A R Calvados, io miles S. of Caen; and a town in the dept, of Eure, 15 miles NW. of Evreux. Harden , Chef. N. of Stockport. Har- den , Durham, NW. of Hartlepool. Har- den. Kent, N.of Elham. Harden , Yorkf. NW. of Bradford. Harden Huijh , Wilts, near Chippenham. Hardendate, Weftm. in the p3rifh of Shap. Harderwick, a fea port of Dutch Guelderland, wirh a fmall univerfity. It is fituated on the Zuyder Zee, 25 miles NE. of Utrecht. Hardham , Suffex, NW. of Parham. Hardhorn , Lancafhire, in Amoundernefs. Harding , Oxf. S. of Henley on Thames. Harding , Staff. N. of Walfal. Harding , Wilts. NE. of Great Bedwin. Harding , or Harpedcn, Herts. 3 miles S. of Wal- thamlted. Hardingdale, Weftm. NE. of Shap Hardingham , Norfolk, NW. of Hmgham. Hardings, a town of Virginia. Hardingfione, near Northampton. Hard - ington, Somerfetfh. 3 miles from Yeovil. Hardington, Somerf. NW. of Frome Sel- wood. Hardknot Hill, Cumberl. a fteep mountain SE. of Copeland Foreff. Hard- ley . Hants, in the New Foreff. Hardley Beacon, Suffix, between Afhdownand Dal- lihgton Foreffs. Hardley Hall, Derbyfh. in the High Peak. Hardmead, Bucks, NE of Newport. Hardnefs Wood, Berks, near Binfield and Warfield. Hardraw , Yorkf. N. Riding, by Swaledale, near the cataraft of Ayfgarth. Hardrefs, Upper and Lower, Kent, N. of Elham. Hardf- worthy , Devonfhire, near Hartlapd. Hardwick, a town iw the ftate of Georgia, 19 miles SW. of Savannah. Hardwick , Derb. in Scarfdale. Hard- wick, 4 miles from Glou'cefter. Hard- wick, Glouc. in Elmfton parifh. Hard- wick , Norf. near Lynn. Hardwick, Bedf. in Kempffon parifh. Hardwick , Surry, near Chertfey. Hardwick , Buck s, between Aylefbury and Window. Hardwick , Camb. W. of Grancheffer. Hardwick , Durham, NW. of Grindon. Hardwick , Durham, NW. of Hartlepool. Hardwick , Heref. near Clifford Caftle. Hardwick , Hercfordf. E. of Pembridge. Hardwick , Hunt. NW. of St. Neot’s. Hardwick , Monm.SE. of Abergavenny. Hardwick , Norf. N. of Harleffon. Hardwick , Norf. near Hawfted. Hardwick , Northamp. near Wellingborough. Hardwick, Nott. SW. of Mansfield. Hardwick, Oxf. be- tween Fencot and Mixbury. Hardwick, Oxf. NW. of Reading. Hardwick , Oxf. W.of Stanton Harcourt. Hardwick, Rut- land, near Empingham. Hardwick } Shrop- II A R (hire, NE. of Bifhop’s Caftle. Hardwick , Shropfh. SW. of Ellefmere. Hardwick , Stafford f. in Sandon parifh. Hardwick , Yorkfhire, a foreff adjoining to Halifax. Hardwick, Yorkf. near Pontefraft. Hard- wick Priors, near Warwick. Hare, an ifland near the coaft of Nor- way, about 20 miles in circumference. Lat 60. 20. N. Ion. 6. 33. E. Hareby , Nott. near Broadham Priory. Hareby , near Lincoln, noted tor the death of Eleanor, wife of King Edward I. HarecaJHe, Staff, the Great Trunk, or Staffordfhire Canal, (deviled by Mr. Brindley, and which joins the navigation of the Eaftern and Wtftern Oceans, in fpite of every obltru&ion, through a Ipace of 93 miles) paffes under ground here for 2880 yards ; it is 9 feet wide and 12 high, lined and arched with brick. It was be- gun July 14, 1766. Harejield, Middl. between Uxbridge and Rickmanfworth. Harejield, Gloucef. N. of Briftol. Hare - haugh, Northumb. between Yardop and Bickerton. Harelaw , Northumb. NW. of Newcaftle. Hare ridge Hall, Cumberl. NW. of Grayffock Caftle. *Haresbury, in old records called Heytsbury, and now written Hatch- bury, a village, or borough town, of Wilts*, with a large woollen manufaflure. It was once the refidence of the Emprefs Maude, and is fituated on the Willey, 20 miles NW. of Salifbury, and 93 W. by S. of London. Market difufed. Harefcomb, Gloucef. a hamlet in Haref- field parifh. Harefcomb, Gloucef. near Painfwick. Haresfield , Gloucef. 5 miles W. of Stroud. Haresfield, Little, Glouc. in Standifh parifh. Harefgate, Kent, be- tween Spelherft and Tunbridge Wells. Harefhaw Linn , Northumb. near Wark and Bellingham, is a fine waterfal. Hare- Jian > Dorfetf. on a river that runs into Sandwich Bay. Harefireet, Effex, near Rumford. Harefireet, Herts, between Puckeridge and Barkway. Harsfwell, York f. E. Riding, SW. of Wighton. Harewood, Bedford!’, near Turvey. Harfleur, a town in the dept, of the Lower Seine, with a harbour now filled up, and only fit for boats. It contains about 2400 inhabitants, and is fituated on a fmall river that runs into the Seine, near it’s mouth, 36 miles NW. of Rouen, and 5 E. of Havre de Grace. Lat. 49. 30. N. Ion. o. 19. E. Harford, a river of Yorkf. which runs into the Darwent at Wickum Abbey. Harford, Devonf. 10 miles from Plymouth. Harford, and Harford Lower , Glouc. in Naunton parifh. Harford Bridge , Hants, near H A R near Hartley Row. Harford , Eaft , Nor- thumb. near Stannington. Hargajl, He- refordf. near Kyneton. Hargrave, Suff. SW. of Bury. Hargrave, Dorfetf. NE. of Sturminfter. Hargrave, Northamp. E. of Higham Ferrers. Harimere Cbapel , Camb. S. of Ely. Harington, Ncrfhamp. W. of Rothwell. Haringwortb , North- amptonfhire, NE. of Rockingham. Har- kirk, Lancafliire, in the parifh of Crolby Parva. Harkjled y Suffolk, W. of Har- wich. Harlackenden , Kent, in Wood- church parilh. Harlafon, Staffordf. NE. ©f Tamworth. Harlaxton, Line. 2 miles from Grantham. Harle , Little and Weft, Northumb. near Kirk Harle. Harlebeck, a town in Flanders county. Ha rlech, a mean town of Merionethf. but naturally ftrong, being feated on a rock, on the lea (hore. It is chiefly re- markable for it’s caftle, built by Edward I. which is ftill almoft entire. Near it is a cataraft of the Rhais Du,' which rufhes down a mountain, for above 100 yards, and then forms a cafcade, part of an el- liptical curve, to a pool 40 feet below. Harlech is the county town, and is 24 miles S. of Carnarvon, and 223 WNVV. of London. Market on Saturday. Harlem, a large, rich, and handfome town, of the United Provinces, i«n Hol- land, containing about 40,000 inhabitants. It is noted for it’s church, which is the largeft in Holland, and ir. which is a re- markably fine organ, that confifts of 8000 pipes j the largeft is 38 feet long, and 16 inches in diameter, and there are 68 flops, of which the moft wonderful is the vox bumana. To the S. of the town is a wood, cut out into delightful walks and viftas. Here are confiderable manufac- tures in linen, ribands, and tapes, and they export great quantities of beer. It is fituated on the river Sparen, about a league from the fea, and 10 miles W. of Amfterdam. Harlem Mere, a lake oT Holland, • near Harlem, about 14 miles long, and 8 or 10 broad. It lies between Leyden, Harlem, and Amfterdam, and is naviga- ble for boats. The canals, however, from Leyden to Amfterdam are a fafer, though more tedious paffage. Harlefay , E. and W Yorkf. NE. of Northallerton. Harlefcot , N. of Shrewf- bury. *Harleston, a dirty town of Nor- folk, leated on the river Waveney, 16 miles S. of Norwich, and 100 NE. of London. A large market on Wednefday. Harlejion, Devonf. in Brixton parilh. H A R Hdrlefton , Middlefex, in Wilfdon parilh, Harlejlon, 4 miles from Northampton. Harlefton, Suffolk, NW. of Stow. Har- leftw.as , Hereford!*, near Dowre. Harley, Shroplhire, E. of Afton Burned Caftle. Harling, East, a pretty, neat, gen- teel town of Norfolk, feated on a rivulet, between Thetford and Buckenham, 21 miles SW. of Norwich, and 88 NE. of London.. It’s market, on Thuriday, is chiefly for linen-yarn and linen-cloth. Harling , Middle and Weft, Norfolk, near Hailing. Harlingen-, a fea-port town of Weft Friefland, fituated at the mouth of the Zuyder Zee, about 13 miles nearly W. of Lewarden. Next to Lewarden, it is the largeft and moft populous town in the province. Harlington , Middlefex, N. of Hounflow Heath. Harlington , Bed f, near Ampt- hill. Harlings , Suffex, SW. of Hardiey Beacon. . Harrow, a town of Effex, chiefly noted for it’s annual fair, on a common, about 2 miles from the town, much fre- quented for hordes, hogs, and cows, on Sept. 9. It is called Harlow Bufh Fair. It has another fair on Nov. 8. Harlow is fituated on the W. fide of the Reelings^ about 17 miles W. of Chelmsford, and 23 NE. of London, Harlow Hill , Yorkftiire, near Leeds. Harlow Hill , Northumb. S. of Stanning- ton. Harlow Bury and Harlow Sired , Effex, SW. of Hatfield Broad Oak. Harl - [ton, 5 miles S. of Cambridge, Harlton, W. of Harlfton, 7 miles from Cambridge. Harlton, Line. NW. of Grimfby. Har- lyne, Cornwall, W. of Padftow Haven. Harmby , Yorkf. N. Riding, N£. of Mid- lam. Harmer, Suffex, N. of Salehurft. Harmotidf worth, Middl. NW. of Har- lington, and 2 miles from Colnbreok. It is remarkable for one of the largeft barns in England, .whofe fupporting pillars are of ftone, and which is fuppofed to be of great antiquity. Harmony, a town of Pennfylvania. Harmjhay, Dorfetf. a hamlet to Chi- diock. Harmfton , 4 miles from Lincoln. Harnal , Bucks, E. of Ivingo. Harnam , Northumb. NW. of Ogle Caftle. Har- nam, E. and IV. Wilts, near Sarum. Harndon , Hants, SE. of Hambledon. Harnhill , Gloucef. 3 miles from Ciren- cefter. Harnidge Grange , near Shrew i- bury. Harold Stone, Pembrokelh. near Haverfordweft. Haro, a town of Old Caftile. fituared on the Ebro, 32 miles NE. of Burgos. Harper Hill , Cumberl. N, of the Pia*’ X Wall, H A R Wall, near Stapleton. Harpers , or Hare- foot Lane , Dor!'etfhire,N W. of Bingham’s Melcomb. Harpford , Devonf. near Sid- niouth. Harpham, Norf. between Thet- ford and Windham. Harpbamy Yorkf. E. Riding, SE. of Kilham. Harpley Hall, Durham, on the Wear, SE. of Woi- fingham. Harpley Hall, Norfolk, near Houghton. Harpole, NW. of Northamp- ton. Harpsfield Hall, Herts, near Hat- field. Harpfton, Dorfetfh. near Bradel. Harpfwell, Lincolnf. near Gainfborough. Harptree , E. and IV. Somerf. N. of Men- dip. Harraby Cumberl. near Carlifle. Harradon , Bedfordf. in Carington parifh. Harrendon , Great and Little , Northamp. between Wellingborough and Kettering. Harrietjbam , Kent, near Maid (l one. Har- rington Cumberl. near Carlifle. Har- rington, Line, near Alford. Harrington , Worcdlerf. N. of Evefham. Harrin.gton, Cumberland, a fea-port between Workington and Whitehaven, being 4 miles from the former, and 6 from the latter port. It’s principal bufi- nefs arifes from the colliers and fhip- bnilding. Harris. See Lewis. Ha r risburg, a town of N. Carolina} and a town of Pennfylvania. *Harristown, a fmall town of Kil- dare, in Leinfter, 1 8 miles S W. of Dublin. Harrodsburg, a town of Kentucky. Harrock Hall t Lane, between Standifh and Bifpham. Harrold , near Bedford. Harrold Ewias , Heref. at the conflux of the Mminy and Dore. Harrold's Park , Eflex, W. of Epping. Harraton , Durh. on the Wear, W. of Sunderland. Har- rowbridge, Devonshire, SE. of Tavlttock. Harrowgate , Yorkfhire, in the parifh of Knarefborough, remarkable for it’s mine- ral waters, which are vitriolic and fulphu- reous. Bathing is the moft general mode of ufing them } and they are often fuecefs- ful in dropfical, fcorbutic, and gouty cafes. Harrow Hill , Wore. 2 miles from Eve- fham. Harrow on the Hill , Middl. a vil- lage lituated on the higheft hill in the coun- ty, 10 miles WNW. of London. At it’s free-fehool, a filver arrow is (hot for, once a year, viz. Auguft 4, by a fele£l number of the fcholars, who are drafted for the purpofe in the habit of archers. Har- row Weald, Middl. at the foot of Har- row Hill. Harfingfide , Northumb. SW. of Hexham. Harjlon , Leicef. S. of Bel- voir Caftle. Harjluden , Northumb. near Harlow. Harthorne , Northumb. SW. of Morpeth. Harthorn , Weft, Durham, NE. of Darlington. Hartbury , N W. of Glou- cefter. Hartelack Bridge , Somerfetfhire, H A R between Wells and Glaftenbury. Harte, Durham, near the coaft, NW. of Hartle- pool. Harterton, Northumberland, NW. of Morpeth. Harteft , Suffolk. N. of Box- teJ. Hartey, Kent, in the Ifle of Sheppey. Rartfield , Suflex, SE. of E. Grinftead. Hartford, a flourilhing, commercial town, in the ftate of Connecticut, feated on the W. fide of the river of that name, about 50 miles from it’s entrance into the Sound. It is divided by a fmall river, with high romantic banks ; over this river is a bridge, connecting the two divifions of the town, which is 69 miles WSW. of Bofton. Lat.4i.5i.N. Ion. 72. 30. W. Hartford, Chefh. NW. of Northwich. Hartford , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Ravenf- worth Caftle. Hartford, near Hunting- don. Hartham, Wilts, between Coftiam and Slaughterford. Harthill , Chef. SW. of Peckforton. Harthill, Yorkfhire, near Holdernefs. Harthill, Yorklhire, near Workfop, in Nottinghamlhire. Harting, Suflex, nearMidhurft. Harting Fordbury, 1 mile from Hertford. Hartington , Der- byfbire, NW. of Wirkfworth. IIartland, a town in Devonfhlre, partly concerned in the herring fifhery on this coaft. It is feated on the Briftol Channel, near a promontory called Hart- land Point, 28 miles W. of Barnftaple, and 218 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Hartlebury , near Worcefter. Hartle - bury, 4 miles from Gloucefter. Hartlepool, a pretty, large, fea-port town, of the county of Durham, feated on a promontory, partly furrounded by rocks and hills, and partly by the fea. It has a fafe harbour, where the Newcattle and Sunderland colliers generally take fhelter in ftrefs of weather. It has a confidera- ble fifhery on the coaft, and they export a good deal of coals and lime. It is 16 miles SE. of Durham, and 254 N. byW, of London. It’s market, on Saturday, is much decayed. Hartley , a river in Northumberland, which runs into the S. Tyne, at Fether- ftonehaugh. Hartley , Kent, SW. of Cobham. Hartley, Northumb. on the coaft, N. of Tinmouth. Here are fait, copperas, and glafs-works; and here is a pretty ha- ven, or harbour, to which a canal has been cut, through a folid rock, 52 feet deep, 30 broad, and 900 long. The ex- ports from this place, in 1776, were 70,000 dozen of bottles, 300 tons of lalt, 100 tons of copperas manuf allured here, and 18,000 chaldrons of coals. Hartley , Hants, near Selborn. Hart- H A R ley , Dorfetf. in Great Mintern parifli. Hartley Caftle . Weftmorland, near KLrk- by Steven. Hartley Hall , Derbyfhire, in the High Peak. Hartley Row, Hants, 9 miles from Bagfhot. Hartley Wafpill , Hants, NW. of Hartley Row. Hartlip, Kent, near Sittingbourn. Hartmere , Surry, in Go’dalmin parifli. Hartmore , Wilts, near Devizes. Harton > Devonth. near Hartland. Harton, Durham, S. of Shields. Harton, Shropf. NW.ofDid- illefbury. Harton, Yoikfli. N. Riding, near Flaxtcn. Harton, Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, in Craven. Hartpury, 4 miles NW. of Glruceiter. Hariro Houfe , Somerf. be- tween Bridgewater and Dulverton. Harts Hill , Warwickf. between Nuneaton and Atherfton. Hartjhead, Yorkf. E. of Ha- lifax. HartJIwlm, near Lincoln. Hart- fhop, Weftm. near Depedale. Hartjhom, Derb. N. of Afhby de la Zouch. Hart- fide, Northumb. W. ofBranton. Hart- well, Bucks, near Aylefbury. Hartwell, Noi thamp. W. of Oulney. Harty IJle , Kent, at the corner of Sheppey Ifle, oppo- se Feverfham. Harvard, Middl. near Shepperton, in Sunbury parifh. Harum, Yorkf. N. Riding, between Helmfley and Rydal. Harwardale, Yorkf. in Whit- by Strand. Harwell, Berks, near E. Hendred. Harwell , Nott. near Bautree. Harwep , Northumb. NE. ofBranton. * Harwich, a lea- port town of Effex, feated on a tongue, or point of land, oppo- fite to the united mouths of the Stour and Orwell, 42 miles E. by N. of Chelms- ford, and 72 NE. of London. It is not very large, but is well inhabited and fre- quented, and here the packet boats are Rationed, that fail to Helvoetfluys, regu- larly every Wednefday and Saturday, if wind and weather do not prevent, in time of peace. It has a very fafe, fpacious, and convenient harbour, extending from the Tea to within 2 miles of Ipfwich, and able to receive Ihips of 100 guns all the way: here is alfo a very good dock yard for building Ihips, with the neceffary llorehoufes, cranes, launches, Sec. The walhing and undermining of the tides, and the falling off of large pieces of cliff, br^ve made the point a peninfula, and, perhaps, may in time make it an ill, and. The harbour is defended by Landguard Fort, built on a Tandy point on the Suf- folk fide of the water, and ether ftrvng works. It is a place of confiderable trade, and many veffels are employed in the North Sea filhery. Lat. 52. o. N. Ion. 1. 25. E. Markets on Tuefday and Friday. Harwich, a town of Maffachufets, HAS frtuated in Barnftaple Bay; a town of Vermont ; and a town of Conne&icut. Harwich Chapel, Lane, near Bolton. Harwington, a town of Conne&icut. Harwood, Bucks, N. of Window. Harwood, Heref. W. of Rofs. Harwood , Herts, W. of Watford. Harwood, Lane. S. of Clithero. Harwood, Great and Little , Lancaf. N. of Blackburn. Har- wood Yorkf. NE. of Leeds, is a pretty little village, and has a handfome, coftly, (tone bridge, of 1 1 arches, over the Wherfe, which runs here in a bed of ftone, and looks as clear as rock water. Harwood Dale, Yorkfh. near Scarbo- rough. Harwood Grajtge, Derbyf. SW. of Chefterfield. Harwood Shields, North- umb. N. of the Tyne, near Ridlam Hope. Harworth, Nottingh. on the borders of Yorkfh. near Tickhill Caftle. Hafcomb , Surry, SE. of Godalmin. On Caftle Hill, in this parifli, are the remains of a Roman camp ; from it there is a profpe£l extend- ing over the whole county of Surry, and a part of Soffex. Hafelbadge , Derbyf. in the High Peak. Hafeibury, Wilts, be- tween Bath and Chippenham. Hafeler, Staff, near Lichfield. Hafeley, Effex, % miles from Malden. Hafeley, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Hafeley, Great and Little , Oxf. near Cuddefden. Hafeley , Warw. between Birdbrook and Wrox- hall. Hafeley, Yorkf. W. Riding, S. of Patley Bridge. Hafelover, Staff. N. of Tamworth. Hafelton, Gloucef. NW. of N. Leach. Hasfield , 6 miles N. of Glou- cefter. Hafilbeare , Dorfetf. W. of Bland- ford. Hafilbeare, Somerfetfh. near N. Parret. Hafingrove , Somerfetf. near S. Barrow. Hajketon, Suffolk, near Wood- bridge. Hajleden , Gloucef. in Rodmar- ton parifli. *Haslemere, a fmall, but ancient town of Surry, 12 miles SW. of Guil- ford, and 42 SW. of London. It’s mar- ket, on Tuefday, is chiefly for poultry. Hafeton, Gloucefterf. near N. Leach. Hajlewood, 4 miles from Derby. Hafe - wood , Suffolk, N. of Aldborough. Hajle- woed, Yorkf. W. Riding, NW. of Aber- forth. It has a pleafant profpe£T of the cathedrals of York and Lincoln, though 60 miles afunder, and a remarkable quar- ry, called Peter’s Pit,, becaufe the cathe- dral of St. Peter, at York, was built with the (lones dug out of it. The country, for 10 miles round this place, is remarka- bly rich in manor- houfes, parks, woods, chafes, navigable rivers, &c. and within tbefe limits, as much fport for hunting, fifhing, and fowling, as in any part of England. X a Haslinden, H AT Haslinden, a fmall town of Lanca- shire, 14 miles N. by W. of Manchefter, and 196 NNW. of London. Market on Wednefday. Hafling field, on the Cam, 5 miles from Cambridge. Hafiingham , E. of Norwich. Hafiington , Chefh. 3 miles from Sandbach. Hafon, Northumb. S. of Alnwick. Hajfal , Chef, near Hafiington and Sandbach. Haf- felbech , Northamp. near Nafeby. Hajfel - bury Brian, Dorletfh. near Sturminfter. Haffeler, Warwickf. E. of Alcefter. Hasselt, a town in Overyffel, fituated on the Vecht. Hasselt, a town of Liege, fituated on the Demer. Hajfobury, EfTex, near Stanfted Mount- fichets. Haffop, Derb. in the High Peak. Ha/fercomb, Somerf. near Bifhop’s Lidiard. Hafiingbury , or Hallingbury , Great , called alfo Morley, and Hafiingbury, or Halling- bury, Little , called alfo Hafiingbury Newt, and Bouchier , or Bovufer, EfTex, 3 miles from Bifhop’s Stortford. Hafiingleigb, Kent, NE. of Afhford. * Ha stings, a fea-port of SufTex, con- taing 2 churches, about 600 houfes, and 3000 inhabitants. It is feated between high clefts, or hills, on a fmall ftream, called the Bourne, which divides it into two different parifhes, 14 miles SW. of Rye, and 64 SE. of London. The chief employment of the people is fifhing. Near this town, in the year 1066, was fought the moft memorable battle in the annals of this country, between Harold II. king of England, and William, duke of Nor- mandy, in which the former loft his life and kingdom. Of the Normans, there fell near 15,000 men, and a much greater number of the Englifh were killed in the purluit. Markets on Wednefday and Sa- turday. Hafiwell, Somerf. 2 miles from Bridge- water. Hafiwell, Great and Little , NE. of Durham. Hatborough, a town of Pennfylva- nia. Hatch, Bedfordf. NW.of Bigglefwade. Hatch , Devonf. in S. Moulton parifh. Hatch , Kent, W. of Canterbury. Hatch , JVefi, Somerfetf. nearCaftle Cary. Hatch- am, Surry, between Newington Butts and Deptford. Hatch End , Middl. between Pinner Green and Stanmore. Hatch land , Dorfetf. near Netherby. Hatchland, Sur- ry, 4 miles from Guilford. *Hatfield, a town of Herts, feated on the river Lea, and on the great North road, 20 miles NNW. of London. Here is a magnificent feat and park of the Mar- H a v quis of Salifbury. Market on Thurfday. Hatfield, a town of Maffachufets. Hatfield , Herefordfh. E. of Leominfter. Hatfield and the Chafe , Yorkf. 4 miles from Doncafter. Hatfield, Great and Little , Yorkf. in Holdernefs. Hatfield Broad Oak, or Hat- field Regis, a town of EfTex, 30 miles ENE. of London. Market on Saturday. Hatfield P ever el, Efiex, near Witham. Hatfield IVoodhall , Herts, is a fubordinate manor of Hatfield. Hatfield Woodhoufe, Yorkf. 2 miles from Hatfield. Hatford , Berks, E. of Farringdon. Hat her. Line. NE. of Grantham. Hatherden , Hants, NW. of Andover. Hatherker , Yorkf. NW. of Rippon. Hatherland, Devonf. N. of Tiverton. Hatherley, a town of Devonfhire, with a confiderable woollen manufacture. It is feated on a branch of the river Tow- ridge, near it’s confluence with the Ock, 26 miles NW. of Exeter, and 201 W. by S. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Friday. Hatherley Down, 2 miles from Glou- celter. Hathern , Leic. NW. of Lough- borough. Hatherop, Glouc. 7 miles from N. Leach. Hatherfedge , Derbyf. in the High Peak. Hetherton, Chef, near Web- ' benbury. Hathevoate, Cumb. N.of Long- town. Hathrington , Northumberl. near Wark. Hatley Cockayne, ancl Hatley Pori, oxParva, Bedfordf. NE. of Potton. Hatley St. George , or Great Hatley , Camh. NE. of Hatley Cockayne. Hatley , Eafi p and Hatley Hongry, Camb. near Gamling- hay, 13 miles from Cambridge. Haton, Cumberl. in the parifh of Afpatrick. Hatten, a town in Dutch Guelder- land, feated on the Yffel, 13 miles N. of Deventer. Hatterel Mountains, in Wales, on the borders of Monmouthf. and Brecknockf. Hattingen, a town , of Mark, in Weftphalia. Hatton , Chef. N. of Grimfditch. Hat - \ ton, Chef. W. of Huxley. Hatton, Derb. SW. of Sutton. Hatton , Kent, SE. of Afhford. Hatton , Line. SE. of Market Raifin. Hatton, Middl. in the parifh of E. Bedfont. Hatton , Shropf. NE. of ACton Scott. Hatton , Shropf. SE. of Shetnal. Hatton , Cold, Shropfh. E. of Evelyn. Hatton, High, Shropf. between Hodnet and Stanton. Hatton upon Avon, Warwickf. Hatton , Yorkf. SE. of Pock- lington. Hatvany, a town of Hungary, 20 miles NE. of Buda. Havannah, a fea-port town of the j Ifiand H A V ffland of Cuba, fituated on the NW. part -of it, oppofite Florida. The harbour is capable of containing commodiou/ly 1000 vetfels, without either cable or anchor. The entrance to it is by a narrow channel, ftrongly fortified with platforms, works, and artillery, for at leaff half a mile, the length of the paffage. On the E. fide of the mouth of the channel is the famous Moro Fort, mounted with 4.0 pieces of can* non, almoft level withthe water ; and on the oppofite fide a ftrong fort, called the Pun- tal, adjoining to the town. All the /hips that come from the Spani/h American fet- tlements, rendezvous here on their return to Spain. In 1700, the town was com- puted to contain 26,000 inhabitants, Spa- niards, mulattoes, and negroes; a number which muft have been considerably increaf- ed fince. The houfes are elegant, built of Hone, and fome of them fuperbly fini/h- ed ; and the churches, and other public buildings are rich and magnificent. P10- .vifions here are extravagantly dear; nei- ther is their fre/h meat of the beft kinds> excepting their pork. This inconvenience is not owing to any defe£t in the foil of the ifland, but to the indolence of the Spa- niards. In 1 762, the Havannah was taken by an Englifh fquadron and army, under Sir G. Pocock and Lord Albemarle. The Moro Fort was taken by florm, after a fiege of 29 days. Twelve men of war and three frigates were taken at the fame time with the town. It was reftored, however, by the peace of 1763. Lat. 23. 12. N. Ion. 82. 13. W. # Havant, a town of Hants, contain- ing about 500 houfes. It is fituated be- tween Fareham and Chichefter, 7 miles NE. of Portfinouth, and 64 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Hauderby , Yorkf. between Mar/h Land and Burton Stather. Haveland , or Hal - land, Suffex, NE.of Lewes and Laughton. Havelberg, a town of Pregnitz, in Brandenburg, fituated on the river Havel, 48 miles WNW. of Berlin. Haven Points, Dorfetf. 1 mile SE. of Pool, bounding the harbour. Haven, Upper, Wilts, near Everley. Haver- brack, Weftmorland, in Betham pari/h, near Dallam Tower Garden. * Haverfordwest, a very ancient town of Pembroke/hire, containing 4 pa- rish churches, about 600 houfes and 5000 inhabitants, feated on a creek of Milford Haven, called the Dongledye, over which it has £ ftone bridge, 15 miles S. by E. of Sr. David’s, and 239 W. by N. of London. It is a large, w«ll-bui!t, hand- H A U fome place, inhabited by many genteel fa- milies; and has a confiderable trade, with feveral ve/Tels belonging to it. Here is alfo a commodious quay, for /hips of bur- den, and a cuftom-houfe. Here the af- fizes are held, and the county jail is kept. Markets onTuefday and Saturday. Havergate , Norfolk, W. of Yarmouth. Haverhill, a town of Maffachufets, 27 miles N. of Bo/ton. Haverholm , Lincolnf. NE. of Sleaford. Haverick , Northumberland, near Milium Caflle. Haverill, a town of Suffolk, partly in Effex. It has a confiderable manufac- ture of checks, cottons, and fuftians, and is 59 miles NNE. of London. Market on Wednefday. Havering at Bozver , Effex, near Rum- ford. It is a mod charming fpot, having an extenfive and beautiful profpeil over a great part of Effex, Hertford /hire, Kent, Middiefex, and Surry, and alfo a fine view of the Thames, with the /hips failing up and d#wn. Some parts of the walls of a palace, that feems to have been al- ways the houfeof a queen confort and her jointure, are Hill Handing here. Haver - Jhatn, Bucks, near Newport Pngnel. Ha- verfiock Hill, Middl. between London and HampHead. Haverstraw, a town of New York, 32 miles N. of that city. Hauford Chapel, Shropf. SW. of Did- dlefbury. Haugh , Line, near Alford. Haugh , Yoikihire, NW. of Rotherham. Haughley , Suff. near Dagworth. Haugh - ton, Cumberl. near Stanwix. Haughton , Durh. near Darlington. Haughton, Durh. SW. of Newbottle. Haughton , Lancalh. in Amoundernd's. Haughton , Northumb. N. of Hexham. Haughton , Shropf. near Shefnal. Haughton, near Stafford. Haugh- ton, Suffex, on the Arun, S. of Amberley. Havington , Northamp. near Walgrave. Havington, Worcef. near the Littletons. Haukefdale, Cumberl. in DalHon pari/h. Haukepwell , Warwick/h. near Cole/h-ill. Haukefvjell, E. and JV. Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, between Midlam and Richmond. Hanker ell, Northumb. on the Pont, W. of Pont Eland. Haulebovuling, a dangerous rock in the entrance of Cat lingford Bay, covered by the tide before full lea, or high water. Haul Dozun , Somerf. near Bath. Haul- gate , Yorkf. N W. of Richmond. Halton , Bucks, near Wendover. Haulton, Line, near Spil/by. Haulton, Lincolnf. N. of Tatter/hall. Haulton , Lincolnf. NW. of Wragby. Haulton , IPeJt, Line. NE. of X 3 Burton HAW Burton Stather. Haultwick, Herts, W. of Puckeridge. Haunton, Staffordf. near Cliffton Canvil. Havre de Grace, a large, populous, and commercial town, in the .dept, of the Bower Seine. The harbour here has par- ticular advantages, as the water does not begin to ebb till 3 hours after the full tide. The bafon is referved for fliips of war, with room and depth of water for 30 veffels of 60 guns. It is feated on the Englifh Channel, at the mouth of the ri- ver" Seine, 45 miles pearly W, of Rouen, and 1 12 NW. of Paris. Lat. 49. 29. N. Ion. o. 11. E. Haufegarth, Yorkf. SE. of Whitby. Jiaufe Tardy Staffordf. near Annitage. Haut-rive, a town in the dept, of Upper Garonne 5 and a town in the dept, of the Drome. Hautvilliers, a town in the dept, of Marne, feated on the fiver Marne, 20 miles from Rheims. Haw, Devonfh. a rock near Plymouth. Haw, Kent, near the coaft, E. of Swale Cliff. Haw, Surry, SW. of Abmger. Hawarden , or Harwarden , Flintfhire, 5 miles SW. of Chefter, near the river Dee. Here are the ruin? of a large caftie, from one part of which is a very extenfive pro- fpett. Hawcajier Rig , Yorkfhire, near Leeds. Hawcolm Chapel, Lancafh. near Entwifle. Hawcombe, Glouc. in Hamp- ton parifh. Haw Cupple , Northumb. E. of Kirkhaugh. Hawford, Warwick!’. E. of NewboJd. Hawick, a town of Roxburghfhire, feated on the river Tiviot, in a romantic fituation, (the feenery of which is compof- ed of wooded rocks, catara£ls, and bridges) 35 miles SW. of Kelfo. Hawkchureh , Dorl'etfhire, 4 miles from Chardftock. Hawkebury, Warw. in Sow parifh. Hawke/bury, Gloucef. NW. of Badminton, 4 miles from Sodbury. Havvkshead, a town of Lancafhire, fituated near the Lake of Winandermtre, in a valley furrounded by a woody, hilly tra&, 24 miles NNW. of .Lancafter, and 373 NNW. of London. It has a market on Monday, for the fale of wool, yarn, provisions, &c. Hawkburft , Kent, near Benenden. It is a very populous, large parifh, but full of poor, and noted for ftnugglers. Hawk- ing, Kent, SW. of Alkham. Hawkley , Hants, N. of Peters field. Hawridge , Somerfetf. W. ot Dulverton, Hawkjley , Northumb. on the coaft, oppofite Coquet Ifland. Hawl'Jion, 4 miles from Cam- bridge. Hawkfton, Shropf. near Hodnet. Hawkfworth, Nott. NE. of Bingham. Hawkfworth, Yorkf. W. Riding, near HAY Of ley. Hawkwood, Eflex, in the parifh of Heningham Sible. Hawkwood > Suffex, S. of Itchingham. Hawley , Hants, SE. of Blackwattr. Hawling, Glouc. 6 miles SE. of Winchcomb. Hawnly , Yorkf, N. Riding, NW. of Helmfley. Hawnby , Yorkfhire, N. Riding, E. of Ravenfworth Caftie. Hawne, Shropf. NE. of Bridge- north. Hawnes, 4 miles from Bedford. Haworth , Yorkf. NW. of Halifax, Haw Pajfage, Glouc. on the Severn, between Tewkefbury and Gloucester. Haws , Yorkf. in the W. Riding. Haws , a ri- ver in Montgomeryfhire, which runs into the Severn at Abcrhaws. Haws > a river in Radnorfhire, which runs into the Ython a little above Dyffart. Hawfehoufe, Weftmorl. E. of Winandermere. Hawf- ham, Eftex, SW. of Hatfield Broad Oak. Hawfted, Lincoln!'. SW. of Horncaftle, Hawfted, or Halfted Hall, Suffolk, 3 miles SW. of Bury. The church is built of freeftone and flint, which have a durable and pleating effeft, and the workmanftup, though built in 1521, is excellent. Haws Water, a lake of Weftmor- land, W. of Penrith, above 3 miles long, half a mile over in fome places, and a quar-, ter in others, but nearly divided in the middle by a promontory of inclofures. Hawfworth, Yorkfhire, near Sheffield. Hawthorn , Durham, near the fea, 6 mile* S. of Sunderland. Hawthorp, Durham, N. of Little Eden. Hawton, Nott. near Newark. Hawton , Halloughton. or Hal- mifton , Nott. S. of Southwell. Hawton, Yorkf, W. Riding, near Wigglefworth. Haxby , Yorkf. N. Riding, S. of Galtres Fortft. Haxey , Lincolnf. NW. of Gun- thorp. Haxton, Bedfordfhire, N. of Lu- ton. Haxton , Wilts, near North Tud- worth. # Hay, a town of Brtcknockflure, feated between the rivers Wyall and Du- las, on the river Hay, over which it has a hand fome ftone bridge, of feven arches, 14 miles ENE, of Brecknock, and 1 31 WNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Hay , Dorfetfhire, a hamlet to Chidioc. Hay , Gloucef, a hamlet in Filton parifh. Hayclofe. , Northumberl. N. of Morpeth. Hay cote, Lane, between Dalton Caftie and the lea. Haycrofts, Dorfetf. in Purbeck Ifle, N. of Dunfhay. Hay don, Dorfetfh. near Charminlter. Haydon, Dorfetf. near Folke. Haydon , Dorletf. near Sherborn. Haydon , Kent, 2 miles from Tunbridge. v Haydon-, Northumberl. W. of Hexham. Here is an ancient caftie, greatly in decay, formidable by it’s lituation, and ftriking- ly auguft from the folemnity of it’s ruins. It appears to have been a place of confi- derable extent and ftrength, and is fituated on H E A ©n the W. fide of a deep glen, on the brink of a. precipice, at the foot of which runs a little brook. One thing remarkable here, is a liable, with an arched roof of ftone, without any w#od in it’s ftru6lure, even the mangers being ftone troughs. The profpeft from it is delightful. Haye, a town in the dept, of Indre and Loire, feated on the river Creufe, 25 miles from Tours, and 135 SW. from Paris. Haye , Cornw. near the Hurlers. Haye Cafile , Cumberl. near Morelby. Hayes, Devonf. near Budleigh. Hayes , Gloucef. in the parifh ot Awre. Hayes , Kent, near Bromley. Here is Hayes Place, the ele- gant villa and gardens of the late Earl of Chatham. Hayes , Middl. 12 miles from London, N. of the road to Uxbridge. Hayes Amndels , Devonfhire, an, ifland in the manor of Cowicke, between the river Ex, and the village Lahegen. Hayes Floyers , Devonf. in Ex Ifland. Hayham , Lincoln!', near Burwell. Hayham Potter, Norf. E. of Hickling. Hayles , Gloucef. 2 miles N. of Winchcomb. Hayley, Staff, near Birmingham. Hayley Wood, Glouc. near Cirencefter. Hayling IJle, Hants, E. of Portlmouth. Hay, Little, Staffordlhire, S. of Lichfield. Haylsham, a town of Suflex, 12 miles E. of Lewes, and 58 SE. of London. Market on Saturday. Haylfhot , Suflex, E. of Cocking. Hayne, Devonf.in Stopford parilh. Hayne , Devonf. in the parilh of Newton St. Cyre. Hayne- hyth, Yorkf. W. Riding, NE. of Settle. Hayneford , 5 miles from Norwich. Hayn- ton , Devonf. near Huifli. Haynton , High , Devon f. near Black Torrington. Hay Park , Yorkf. near Knarelborough. Hays, Derb. near Wirkfworth. Hayefoy , Line. NW. of Fokingham. Hayllrop, Yorkf. E. Riding, between Kilham and the ocean. Hayton, Cumberl. near Farlam and Caftle Carrok. Hayton, Kent, near Hythe. Hay- ton, Nott. to the W. of N. and S. Wheat- ley. Hayton, Shropf. NW. of Ludlow. Hayton, SulTex, between Terring and the coaft. Hayton Hall , Yorkf. near Pock- lington. Hayward Bridge, Dorfetf. near Child Ockford. Haywood, S, of Hereford. Headborn Worthy , Hants, nearWinchefter. Headford, a town of Galway, in Connaught, 12 miles N. of Galway, and 103 W. of Dublin. Headingley, Yorkf. a hamlet of Leeds. Headley , Northumberl. SE. of Hexham. Headley Hall, Yorklhire, E. Riding, near Bramham Moor. HeadneRon , Derbylh. SE. of Alhborn. Head of Elk, a town in Maryland, H E A fituated near the head of the Bay of Chefa- peak, on a (mail river, that bears the name of the town. The inhabitants derive great advantages from the carrying trade between Baltimore and Philadelphia. Headon, an ancient town of Holder- nefs, in Yorklhire, feated on a river that falls into the Humber, about 2 miles be- low, 10 miles E. of Hull, and 182 N. of London. It is pleafant and well built, though little, and was formerly confiderable in merchants ard Ihipping, but it’s har- bour is now nearly choked up. Market on Saturday. Headon, Northumb. S. of the Pi£ts* Wall, and E. of Rutchefter. Headon , Nott. SE. of Retford. Heage, Derbyf. in Duffield parilh. Heale, Devonf. in Meth parilh j and there is another Heale, in this county, near the Plym River, in the parilh of Cornwood. Healy, N^rth- umb. S. of the Tyne, near Sleley. Healy , Yorkf. N. Riding, W. of Malham. Hea- ley, Yorklhire, near Sheffield. Healigh , Yorklhire, near Wetherby. Health Hill , Northumb. 1 mile from Newcaftle. Hean, a town of Alia, in Tonquin. Heanton Sachvile , Cornwall, near Pad- ftow. Heapbam, Line. SE. of Gainflio- rough. Heath, Bedf. near Leighton Buz- zard. Heath , Derbyf. between Mansfield and Chefterfield, Heath, Glouc. in Weft, erleigh parilh. Heath, Hants, SW. of Chriftchurch. Heath , Oxf. on the N. fide of the Oufe, a little before it’s entrance into Northamptonlhire. Heath, Shropf. W. of Brown Clee Hill. Heath, Warw. near Hill Wotton. Heath , Yorkf. near Wakefield. Heathcote, Derbyf. NW. of Wirkfworth. Heath, Eafi, Middl. be- tween A£ton and Great Ealing. Heathen- cote, Northamp. S. of Towcelter. Heath End, Kent, between Charing and Afliford. Heath End, Middl. near Hefton. Heath Houfe, Hants, S. of Peters fie Id. Heathen Heath, Kent, in Erith parilh. Heather , Leic. SE. of Alhby de la Zouch. Heath Farm, Shropf. in Stottefden parilh. Heath Hill, Staff. N. of Sheriff Hales. Heath - field, Derbyf. in the Peak, near Chapel Frith. Heatbfield, Suflex, near Burwafh Downs, 7 miles from Haftings. In this parilh is Bailey Park, with a fine grove, arid a manlion houfe, on a beautiful emi- neuce, that has a noble view of the fea, and the country, for above 20 miles round. Heathorp , Oxfordf. 2 miles from Chipping Norton. Heath Row, Middl. near Hef- ton and Hounflow Heath, Heaton , Lane, N. of Manchefter. Heaton, SW. of Lan- cafter. Heaton , Northumb. near Newcaf- tle, Heaton , Northumb. near the mouth X 4 of H E C of the Tyll. Heaton , Staff, on the borders of Chefnire. It is noted for fmall grit and grind-tlones, that are of a greyifh colour. Heaton , York!’, near Bradford. Hebborn, Darh/SW. of Shields, Hebborn , North- v.mb. N. of Morpeth. Hebden , a river in York (It ire, which runs into the Calder, near Mid ley. Hebrides, or Western Islands of Scotland. Thefeiflands lie between the 55th and 59th degrees of N. laf. on theYv. coalt ot Scotland, and are fuppof- ed to be about 300 in number. The prin- cipal of them are Skye, St.iK.ilda, Lewis and Harris, N. and S. Uift, Cannay, Staffa, Mull, Jura, 111 ay, &c. which fee orelpeftively. Hebrides, New, a group of iflands in the S. Pacific Ocean, fituated between the latitudes of 14. 29. and 20. 4. S. and between the longitudes of 1 66. 41. and 370 21. E. The principal iflands are Tierra, ; del Efpirito Santo and Malicollo, befides feveral others of lefs note, fome of which are from 18 to 25 leagues in cir- cumference. In general they are high and mountainous, abounding with wood and water, and the ul’ual produ&ions of jhe tropical illands. The bread-fruit, cocoa- nuts, and plantains, are neither fo good nor fo plentiful here as at Otaheite ; but the fugar earns and yams are not only in greater plenty, but of fuperior quality, and much'iarger, fome of the latter weighing 56 pounds. The inhabitants are generally of a /lender make, and dark colour, and mod of them have frizzled hair. Their canoes and houfes are but fmall, and poor- ly conftruCted: and they have fcarcely any manufacture, even for clothing. They generally appear civil and hofpitable: Hebron, a town of Palelime, where the Chriftians have a church, built by Conftantine, the Walls of which are yet in exiftence. It is fituated near the fertile Valley of Mamre, partly on a hill, and partly on a plain, 24 miles SW. of Jeru- salem. Heckdyke , a river in Nottingham/hire, which runs into the Trent, a little above Stokerith. Heckjield, Hants, NW. of Haitley Row. Heck, Great and Little , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Snaith. Heck- ingham, Norf. NE. of Loddon. rlecking- ton , Kent, near Canterbury. Heclfington , Line, in the Fens. This village isra com- pact place, with feveral good houfes. It has been inclofed but a few years, having been, before that period, generally under water, but it now produces immenfe crops of oats. Heckmondnvyck , Yorkf. in Bui- lt ail parifii. H E I Hecla, a burning mountain in Iceland, which frequently fends forth flames, and torrents of burning matter. It takes up 4 hours time to afeend. Hedemora, a well-built, commercial town,, of Dalecarlia, in Sweden, with a large manufacture of gunpowder. It is fituated near a lake, 53 miles NW. of Upfal. Hedcorn, Kent, NW. of Smarden. Heddenham , Norfolk, NW. of Bungay. Heddingiey, Nottingh. NW. of Southwell. Heddington , near Oxford. Heddington, Wilts, between Marlborough and Bath. It teems to have been anciently a Roman colony, from the foundations of houfes that have been dug up here, for a mile to- gether, and filver and copper coins of the emperois found here. Heddon , E. and IE, Northumb. E. of Harlow. Heden , Kent, nearWingham. Hedgejfet, Suffolk, SE. ofRulhhrook. Hedgeley, Bucks, be- tween Uxbridge and Beaconsfield.- Hedgeman, a town of Virginia, 24 miles WSW. of Wafhington. Mediant , Durh. SE. ofStaindrop. Hed- ley , Durham, W. of Chopwel. Hedley, Yorkf. W. Riding, N. of Aberforth. Hedley , Hants, S. of Alton. Hedley , Surry, 3 miles from Epfom. Hedfdon , Middl. between Pinner and Whitchurch. Hedsjar, Hadsjar, or Hedjas, a province of Arabia, lying along the Red Sea, between Mount Sinai and the pro- vince of Yemen. Hedfor , Bucks, E. of Marlow, in a de- lightful fituation. Hedaxorth , Durh. E. ot Newcaftle. - Heefield , Northumb. N* of Dale Caftle. Heene, Suffex, E. of Fer- ring. Heepol, Northumb. in thelordfiiip of Woller. Hefferlanx , Northumb. NE. of Alnwick. Heghington , Durham, N. of Darlington. Hegow, a territory of Suabia, includ- ing all that part which borders on the Lake of Conftance. Heighington , SE. of Lincoln. Heigh - inglon , Worcefterfhire, near Wire Forelt. Heidelberg, a confiderable and po- pulous town of Germany, capital of the Palatinate, Lower Rhine, with a celebrat- ed univerfity. It is fituated on the S. fide of the Neckar, over which there is a hand- lome bridge, in a fertile country, 12 miles E. of Spire. Lat. 49. 26. N. Jon. 8. 48. E. Heidenheim, a town of Anfpach, in Franconia. Heila, a town of Weftern Pruflia. Heilegen Have, a fiea-port of Hol- ftein, Lower Saxony, feated on the Baltic. Heiley, St afford (hi re, in Betley pariftt. HEILIGENbTADT, Heiligenstadt, a town of Eichsfeld, Lower Rhine. Hekington , Line. E. of Sleaford. He- lagh t Yorkf. N. Riding, near Conftable Burton. Helathyrne , Yorkf. near Hull. Heldrop , Wilts, near Ramfbury. Helena, St. an ifland in the S. At- lantic Ocean, held by the Englifh Eaft- India Company. It’s circumference is about 20 miles, and it has the appearance, at a diftance, of a rock, or caftle, rifing out of the ocean, being only acceflible at one particular fpot, where the town is erefle'd, in a valley, at the bottom of a bay, between two Iteep, dreary mountains. The buildings, both public and private, are plain, but neat. It has fome high moun- tains, particularlyone called Diana’s Peak, which is covered with woods to the very top. There are other hills alfo, which bear evident marks of a volcanic origin ; and fome have huge rocks of lava, and a kind of half vitrified flags. The country, however, is far from being barren : the little hills are covered with rich verdure, and interfperfed with fertile valleys, which contain gardens, orchards, and various plantations. The valleys are watered by rivulets, and the mountains, in the centre of the ifland, are covered with wood. The foil, which covers the rocks and moun- tains, is, in general, a rich mould, from fix to ten inches deep, clothed with a va- riety of plants and fhrubs. The walks of peach-trees are loaded with fruit, which have a peculiarly rich flavour ; but the other European fruit trees and vines, which have been planted here do not fucceed. Cabbages, and other greens, thrive ex- tremely well, but are devoured by the ca- terpillars ; as are the barley, and other kinds of grain, by the rats, which are very numerous. The ground, for thefe reafons, is laid out chiefly in paftures, the verdure of which is furprifing ; and the ifland can fupport 3000 head of their fmall cattle. They have Englifli flieep here, and a fmall breed of horfes, with goats and rabbits. Their fowls are ring phea- fants, red-legged partridges, rice-birds, pigeons, & c. of fome of which the breed is indigenous, but others have been brought from Europe, Africa, and the E. Indies. The number of inhabitants on the ifland does not exceed 2000, ineluding near 500 foldiers, and about 600 flaves, who are fupplied with all forts of manufaftures by the company’s Ihips, in return for refrefh- ments ; and many of the flaves are employ- ed in catching filh, which are very plenti- ful. This ifland is fituated between the continents of Africa and S. America, about 1200 miles W. of the former, and 1S00 E. of the latter. Lat. 15. 55. S. Ion. 5. 49. W. Helen’s, St. a town in E. Medina, in the Ifle of Wight, with a large bay, which runs a confiderable way within the land, and is capable of holding the largell fleets. Helen' s } St. near Derby. Helen's , St. Lane, near Warrington. Heley, or Heth- ley , Northumb. near Morpeth. Helford , Cornwall, has a fmall but good harbour, on the river Hele, and the people are much engaged in the pilchard filhery. This ri- ver, the Hel, or Hele, rifes in Wendron parifli, whence it runs about 3 miies to the village of Guyk, whither the barks come up with the tide. About 3 miles below, it falls into the fea, forming a ha- ven, which, within a mile of it’s mouth, is deep enough for (hips of aoo tons to ride in fafety, and is about a mile wide at it’s paflhge into the fea. Helgey , Norfolk, near Downham. Helicon, Mount, a hill in the an- cient Boeotia, coniecrated to Apollo and the Mufes. Helier, St. the capital of the Ifland of Jerfey, in the Englifli Channel, on the coaft of France. It is feated in St. Au- bin’s Bay, where it has a harbour, and a ftone pier; having the fea on the SW. and hills on the N. Another large hill pro- je£Is, in a manner, over the town, and has a pleafant walk, that affords an extenfive profpeft. The little ifland, St. Helier, about a mile in circuit, contains Elizabeth Caftle, which is wholly occupied by the governor and garrifon ; it is a peninfuia from half- flood to half-ebb, during which time there is a paflage, called the Bridge, which is half a mile long, and formed of fand and ftones. It leads to the town, which is well paved, and has wide ftreets. The inhabitants are computed to be 1000, and in their place of worfhip, the French and Englifh languages are ufed alternately. Lat. 49. 11. N. Ion. 2. 10. W. HelinhulL Warwickf. NW. of Stonely. Hellaby , Yorkf. E. of Rotherham. Hel- land, Cornw. NE. ofBv>dmin. Helleghn % Cornwall, N. of Helland. Hellendon t Northamp. 5 miles from Daventry. Hel - lensfordy Yorkf. near Wetherby, where a Roman military way crofted the river Wherfe. Hellefden y NW. of Norwich. Hellijield , Yorkf. W. Riding, in Craven. Hellingley, SufTex, N. of Haylfham. Hel - lingtony Norfolk, N W. of Loddon. Hel - loughtony Norf. W. of Fakenham. Hel - me den t near Northampton. Helmerton , Wilts, N. of Caine. Helmingham y Suf- HEL folk, betweenWoodbridge'and Debenham. Helmley , Suffolk, S. ©f Wood bridge. He l mo nt, a town of Dutch Bra- bant. Helmsdale, a river of Sutherland- fhire, noted for a falmon filhery, at it’s mouth in the German Ocean, near the Ord of Ga-thnefs. Helmsley, or Helmsley Black- more, a town of Yorkfhire, with houles well-built of (lone, covered with Hate. It has a confiderable manufacture of cotton and linens, and is feated on or near the river Rhye, 22 miles N. of York, and 222 N. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Helmstadt, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, circle of Lower Rhine; and a town, with an univerfity, of Wolfeu- buttle. Lower Saxony, Helnefiow , Berkfhire, near Abingdon. Helperby , Yorkf. NE, of Roroughbridge. Helpertborp, Yorkf. between Malton and Burlington. Helpejione , Northamp. near Burleigh. Helpringbam, Line, between Sleaford and Dunnington, Helfet, Corn- wall, near Lefnewth. Heljhy , Cheihire, NW. of Delamere Foreft. Helsinburg, a fea port of Sweden, fi- ttiated on the Sound, oppofite Elfinore. Helsingfors, a lea-port of Nyland, on the N, coaft of the Gulf of Finland. Helfmgion, Weftmorland, near JCendal. Helston, a large, trading, and popu- lous town of Cornwall, and one of thofe appointed for the (tamping of tin. Here is the largeft market-houfe in the county j and below the town is a tolerably good harbour, where leveral of the tin (hips take in their lading. It is feated on the river Loe, near it’s influx into the fea, 14. miles SW. of Falmouth, and 274. S. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Heljlon Ford, Cornw. NE. of the Loes. Heljlon Leathes , Weftmorl. S. of Kendal. Helfwood, S: afford f. N. of Leek. Helton , Dorfetf. 1 mile NW. of Milton Abbas. Helton , Dorfetf. near Middleton. Helton y Weftmorl. NW. of Shap. Helton , Weft- morland, E. of Appleby. Helton Bacon, Helton Dale f and Helton Fletbam, Weft- morland, between Shap and Eimott river. Helter, a river in Northumb. running into the Bowbent, at Anterchefter. Helnj'illen Hill Weftmorland, N. of GraflVnere. Helvoetsluys, a lea-port of Hol- land, on the S. fide of the Ifland of Voorn, with the beft harbour on the coaft, fre- quented by the Englifh packet-boats, in time of peace. The principal part of the Dutch navy is laid up here, in a lpacious balon at the end of the harbour. It is 5 HEN miles nearly S. of the Briel. Lat. 51. 45. N. Ion. 4. 23. E. Helwarden, Dorfetf. on the coaft E. of Weymouth. Helwell, Devonlhire, S. of Black Torrington. Helwin, Cornw. on the coaft, NW. of Padftow. Helwitb , Yorkf. NW. of Richmond. Hembury , High and Lower, Dorfetf. near Egger- don Hill and Aflcerwell. Hemenhale , 7 miles S. of Norwich. Hemingby, Line. NW. of Horncaftle, Hemingford Abbots , and Grey, Huntingdon!', both near St. Ives. Hemingflon, Suff. E. of Needham. He- mington , Leicef. near Dunnington Caftle and the Trent. Hemington, Somerf. near Mid fu miner Norton. Hemiocky Devonf. near Teign Canon. Hemlington, NE. of Norwich. Hemmejby y Norf. near Winter- ton. Htmmingburgh, Yorkf. near Kow* den. Hemmington, Northamp. NE. of Barnwell, and SE. of Polebrook. Hemp - naty Norf. S. of Saxlingham. Hempjhilly NW. of Nottingham, on the river Lyne. Henipjfedy Norf. near Baconfthorp. Hemp- fled, Norfolk, near the coaft, N. of Hack- ling, Hempjled , Eflex, near Stamford Magna. Hempjled, a pari(h by the Severn, between Gloucefter and Lanthony. *Hemp$ted, oi Hemel Hempsted, a town of Hertfordftiire, feated among hills, on a branch of the river Coin, called the Gade, 18 miles SW. of Hertford, and *3 NW. of London. A very lar^e mar- ket for corn on Thurfday, Eleven pair of mills (land within 4 miles of the place. Hempjlhwale, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Ripley. Hempflon, Broad and Lttiie, De- vonf. near Afhburton. Hempflon, Glcuc. in the hundred of Langley and Swineftiead. Hemptony Norf. S. of Fakenham. Hemp- ton , Oxf. NW. of Deddington, Hemptony Shropfhire, SE. of Biidgenorth, Hemfall , Yorkfhire, W. Riding, W. of Snaith. Htmjby, Norf. near Wintcrton. Hemfied, Snfiex, SE. of Buckfted. Hemfled, Kent, near Cranbrook. Hemfwell , Lincolnlhire, near Normanby. Hemfworth , Higher and Lower, Dorfetfhire, in Shapwick parilh. Hemfworth, Yorkf. NE. of Barnelley. Henbury , Glouc. near Briftol. Henbury, Chefhire, near Macclesfield. Henbury , Higher and Lower , Dorfetf. S. of Stur- minfter Marftiall. Hendon, Midd. N. of Hampftead, is pleafantly fituated on the rivulet Brent, and has feveral agreeable villas in it. Hendred , E. and IV. Berks, near Wantage. Jdenfield, Suffex, NE. of SteHing. Hengiftoury Head, Hants, near Chriftchurch. Hengrave, Suff. NW. of Bury. Hengflon HUl, Cornw. near Laun- cefton. Henham, Eflex, SW. of Thaxted. Hcnham , Glouc. in Bitton patifh, Hen- 1 bam. HEN ham, Suff. NW. of Southwold. Hening- ham Cajlle, and Heningbam Sible, Eft'ex, SW. of Sudbury. Henley , Dorfetf. near Buckland Abbas. Henley, Hant?, near Andover. Henley , Shropf. NE. of Lud- low. Henley , Saif, between Needham and Woodbndge. Henley, Staff. SW. of Wolverhampton. Henley, Warwick!. in Fokefhill pari/ll. * Henley upon Thames, an ancient town of Oxfordfhire, the inhabitants of which are, generally, malflers, mealmen, bargemen, &c. It is leated on the Thames, over which it has a large, elegant, (tone bridge, and by which prodigious quanti- ties of malt, corn, flour, and wood are fent to London by barges, 24 miles SE. of Ox- ford, and 35 W. of London. It’s markets, which are very confiderable, are on Wed- nefday, Friday, and Saturday. Henley in Arden, a town in War- wickfhire, fituaied near the river Arrow, 10 miles NW. of Warwick, and 102 WNW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Henley Park, Surry, between Guilford and Farnborough. Henley Hall- Worcef. near Up'on. Henlip, NE. of Worcefter. Henllys , Monmouthfhire, W. of Caerlion. Henlow, Bedf. SE. of Shefford. Henneberg, a county of Franconia, about 24 mile? in extent from N. to S. and 22 from E. to W, Hennebon, a town in the dept, of Morbihan, feated on the river Biavet, 5 miles above Port L’Orient. Hennock , Devouf. NW. of Chudleigh. Henny, Great and Little, Effex, SW. of Sudbury, in Suffolk. HEiNTRichemont, a fmall, decayed town in the dept, of Cher, built by the Duke of Sully, in the reign of Henry IV. It is fituated on the river Saudre, 15 miles NNE. of Bourges. Henrico, a county of Virginia. Henry, a county of Virginia. Henry, Cape, the S. cape of Virgi- nia at the entrance of Chefapeak Bay. Lat. 36. 56. N. Ion. 76. 5. Henjberry Hill, Cornw. the higheffc hill in the county, NW. of Leftwithiel. It commands a view of both the N. and S. Sea, as well as above 30 miles into De- vonfliire, and almoft to the Land’s End. Hensdale, a town of New Hampfhire, 70 miles WNW. of Bofton. Henfmgham, Cumb. near Whitehaven. Henjhaw, Chefh. SW. of Macclesfield. Henfmgton, Oxf. near Woodftock. Hen - fted, Suff. on a rivulet that runs into the fea near Benacre. Henftridge, Somerf. E. of Milborn Port. Hentland, Heref. W. of Rofs. Henton, St, George , Somerfetf. her 2 milhs from Crewkern. Henton Amner, Hants, S. of Alresford. Henton, Char - terhoufe , Somerfetf. 3 miles from Bath, Hen Lane, in Loynfdale. Hejlbank Pajfage , NW. of Lancafter. Hejldajl), Cumb. N. of PiCls’ Walls, by Afkerton Cattle. Hejlercomb , Somerfetf. N. of Taunton. Heflerton, E. and IV. Yorkf. E. of New Mahon. Hef- ton, Midd. NW. of Hounflow. Hejlon y or Heathjlone , Dtvonftiire, near Moreton. Hefwal, or Hajlenvall, Chefli. on the Dee, near Gay ton' Hill. Hetckjen , Somerfetf. rear Bruton. Hethall, Northumb. in the lordfhip of Woller. Hethberton, Devonf. W. of Exeter. Hethcote. SE. of War- wick. Hethcote , Warwickf. in Wafperton parilh, NW. of the former. Hethel , Norf. near Windham. Hether Hill, Surry, in Darking parilh. Hetherfet, near Norwich. Hethfelton, Dor fetf. 2 miles NW. of Stoke. Hetbfield , Somerfetf. 4 miles W. of Taun- ton. Hethmore , Somerfetf. E. of Brent Marfh. Hethorp, Oxf. near Kiddington. Hethpoole , Northumb. NW. of the Che- viot Hills. Hetofte, Line. NE. of Alford, near the lea. Hett, S. of Durham. Het- ton in the Hole , and Hetton on the Hill , NE. of Durham. Heudicourt, a town in the dept, of the Mettle, 14 miles W. of Pont a Mouf- fon ; and a town in the dept, of the Somme, 9 miles NNE. of Peronne. Heweningham , Suff. SW. of Halefworth. Hewer, Kent, NW. of Penflierft. Hewer- land, Norf. near Repeham. Heverle, a town of Brabant, 2 miles S. of Louvain. Heukelum, a town of Holland, on the river Linge, 5 miles NNE. of Gorcum. Heusden, a town of Holland, or, as fome fay, Brabant, fituated on the Meufe, by a branch of which it is nearly furround- ed, in the midft of morafles, 15 miles NE. of Breda. Hewytree, Devonf. 1 mile and a half without the E. gate of Exeter, and the common place of execu'ion to that city. Hexham, a town of Northumberland, not populous, with narrow Itrects and ill- H I A built houfes. It’s market-place, however* near the centre of the town, is a fpacious fquare, fupplied by a fountain with water. It’s prefent church, which contains many anciem tombs, bears confiderable marks of Sax6n grandeur, and it was formerly famous for an abbey. The church had the privilege of a fanCtuary till the refor- mation, (the extent of the privilege being marked by a crofs, at a mile diftance each way) and the Fridfiol, or Stool of Peace , which, who ever took poflefiion of, was fine of remilfion, is (fill retraining* On the fereen, at the entrance of the choir, are fome llrange monaftic paintings, called the Dance of Death. Hexham is believed to have been formerly a Roman flat ion. It is now principally noted for it’s manu- factory of tanned leather, fhoes, and gloves ; and is fituated on a fmali ftream, called the Hextold , near the Tyne, 22 miles W. of Newcaftle, and 284 NNW. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Saturday. Hexley , Northumb. NE. of Alnwick. Hexton Herts, near Luton in Bedfordf. Heybarnes, or Hey mill, Herts, on the Coin, SW. of Yardley. Heybridge, Effex, on the fame liver, oppofite to Malden. Heyden, and Heyden Brigg, a town of Northumberland, with a well- endowed grammar fchool, and a fine bridge, of 6 arches, over the Tyne. Market on Tuefday. Hey don ; fee Headon. Hey don. Effex, near Barkway. Heydon, Glouc. in Bod- ington parilh. Heydon, Norfolk, NW. of Cafton. Hey ford Purcell, and Hey ford Warren, Oxfordf. on the E. hank ot the Charwell, NW. of Bicetter. Heyford , Upper and Lowoer , Northamptonf, on the Weftern Water, N. of Bugbrook. HeylsheN, a town in the late Auftri- an Brabant, 14 miles SE. of Louvain. Heynor , Derbyfhire, S. ot Alfreton. Heys, Kent, between Bromley and Wef- terham. Heytsbury. See Haresubry. Heywoood , Lane. E. of Bury. Hey - wjood , Great and Little , Staff, on the E. fide of Stafford, near the influx of the Sow into the Trent. Between this place and Sowborough, or Shutborough, there is a horfe bridge over the Trent, the longeft in England. From the middle of it is a view of uncommon beauty. Hexley Side, Northumb. near Bellingham, on the oppo- fite fid£ of the river, on the borders of Be- defdale, on an eminence, clothed with wood, and commanding a beautiful pro- fpeCL Hiatien, a town of China, in the pro- vince of Petcheli, laid to contain near 80,000 H I G 80,000 inhabitants. It is 45 miles E. of Peking. Hiberflow, Line. NE. of Kirton. Hi CKERT, a town of Pennfylvania. Hickford , Dorfetf. N. of Poole. Hick- bam , N. and S. Line, near the Wit ham, S. of Lincoln. Hickleton, Yorkf. NW. ofDoncafter. Hickling, Norf. in a marfti ground, near the fea. Hickling , Nottingh. near Over and Nether Broughton* Hick- fort , Staff, near Stow and Charley Caftle. Hickjled, SufTex, near Twineham. Hid- cote , Glouc. in Mickleton parifh. Hide , Dorfetfhire, adjoining Blandford. Hide, Dorfetf. adjoining Pimpern. Hide Dor- fetf. in Purbeck Ifle, a hamlet to Knolle. Hide , Gloucef. near Minc’ninghampton. Hide , Staff, near Penkridge. Hide Hall , Herts, in Sawbridgworth parifh. Hide Hall , in S.-mdon, Herts. Hide Park , Midd. reaches from Park Lane to Kenfington, between the roads to Bath and Oxford; it has a wall 6 miles round, and a noble ba- fon of \vater, called the Serpentine, which lerves the new buildings of London. Hide, Weft, Herts, 2 miles from Edgeware. Hide, Wefl, near Hereford. Hielmar, a lake of Sudermania, about 30 miles long, and from 2 to 7 wide. It is 60 miles W. of Stockholm. Hie res, a clufter of fmall iflands, in the Mediterranean Sea, on the coaft of the dept, of Var. Three of them, namely, Porquerolles, Porteros, or Port Crofs, and Bagueau, are inhabited, and the Ifle of Titan, the largeft of them, is capable of cultivation. They abound with medici- nal plants. Between thefe iflands and the continent, is the Road, or Gulf, of Hieres, an excellent and capacious pool or har- bour. Hieres, a town in the dept, of Var, feated in a pleafant and fruitful country, in which are found the beft fruits of France ; but it’s harbour being choked up, it is now much decayed. During great part of the.winter, the verdure of the coun- try is as fine as in the fpring, and, in many gardens, green peas may be gather- ed. Near the town are large fait- works. It is fituated on the fide of a hill, with a canal cut from the fait lakes to the fea, 10 miles E. of Toulon, and 350 S. by E. of Paris. Lat. 43. 5. N. Ion, 6. 20. E. Hiero. See Ferro. Hiesmes, a town in the dept, of Orne, to miles from Seez, and 90 W. of Paris. High Bickington , Devonf. 7 miles S. of Barnrtaple. High Bridge , Herts, over the Coin, near More Hall. High Bridge, Somerfetf. in Brent Marfh. High Budlay t Devonfhire, High Clere , Hants, High H 1 C Crofs , Gloucef. near Afliet worth. High C*ofs, Herts, near Thunbridge. High Crofs , Leic. near Sham ford, on thf borders of Warwickf. It is the ancient Benonis, and is noted for divers Roman antiquities. It is thought by feme to be the centre, and the higheft ground of England. High Down, Suflex, W. of Ferring. High Field , E. of Lancafler. High Gate, Kent, in Hawkhurft parifh, High Gate, or Tate, Cumb. on the Cauder, near Rofe Caftle. High Hale , Cornw. 0 n the S. fide of Tref- meer. High Hall, Dorfetf. near Win- borne Minfter. High Street, Herts, near Hempfted. High Street , Glouc. in Stan- ley King’s parifh. High Way y Wilts, NE. of Caine. High Week, or Hie , Dev. near Newton Bufhel. High am, Derb. N. of Alfreton. Higham , Kent, E. of Gravef- end, near the Hope. Higham , Leicef. S, of Bofworth. Higham , near Norwich. Higham , Somerf. S. of Sedgmoor. High- am, Suffolk, NE. of Neyland. Higham, York (hi re, W . Riding, SE. of Sherborn. Higham, Cold, Ncrthamptonfhire, SW. of Bugbrook. Higham Ferrers, a fmall, but clean, dry, healthy, and pleafant town of North- amptonfhire, with a caftle near the church, ■the ruins of which are ftill vifihle. It is pleafantly lea ted on an afeent, near the ri- ver Nen, 14 miles NE. of Northampton, and 69 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday, Higham Park, Northamp. SE. of High- am Ferrers. Higham Gabion, Bedf. SE. of Ampthill. Higbgate, a large, popu- lous hamlet, in the parifhes.of Homfey ami Pancras, 4 miles N. by W. of Lon- don. It has it’s name from it’s high fi- tuation on the top of a hill, and a gate erefted there about 400 years ago, to receive toll for the bifhop of London, Some of the public houfes here have, or lately had, a large pair of horns placed on the fign ; and when the country people flop for refrefhment, a pair of large horns, fixed to the end of a ftaff, is brought to them, and they are prefled to be fworn. If they con lent, a kind of burlefque oath i & adminiftered, ihat they will never eat brown bread when they can get white, and other things of the fame kind, vVbich is altered according to the fexes, and which they repeat after the perfon who brings the horns ; being allowed, however, to add to each article the words “except I like the other better.” The whole being over, they muft kifs the horns, and pay a (hilling for the oath. Highley , Devonf. near Okeford. Highley,^on\\\iw.y>. N. of Morpeth. High - ley , Shropf. N.of Wire Foreft. Higbloa Creat /IntJrmtn Zr(anJ rin/romafy %$phIicoy C Corner? Awramty, < ■ . 1 1 in il •< fafifoor Mvldive London H I N cularly feparating the countries of Cachi- mere and Cafhgar from it; inclofing be- tween it and Hindoodan Proper, a tra6l of country from about ioo to 180 miles in breadth, divided into a number of lima 11 fta ? es, none of which are underftood to be tributaries, or feudatories of Thibet ; fuch as Sirinagur, Napanl, &c. This ridge was known to the ancients by the names of Imaus, and the Indian Caucafus. The natives call it Hindoo- Ko, (the Indian Mountains) as well as Himmaleh, which la(I is a Sanfcrit word, fignifying fnowy ; it’s fummit being covered with fnow, Hims, or Hems, a town of Syria, fitu- ated at the foot of Mount Libanus, in a plain, watered by a canal, which commu- nicates with the Orontes, 93 miles N. of Damafcus. In the neighbourhood are the remains of a cadle, fuppofed to have been built by the ancient kings of Aflyria. The inhabitants carry on a confiderable traffic in filk. Him, a town of China, of the fecond rank, in the province of Chenfi, 200 miles SVV. of Pekin j and a town of China, of the fecond rank, in the province of Kiang- nan, 480 miles SSE. of Pekin. Hinam , 2 miles from Gloucefter. Hin- caftre , Weftmorl. near Haverfham. Hinch- ingbrook , near Huntingdon, late a feat of the Earl of Sandwich, in which is one of the mod magnificent rooms to be feen in England. PIinchinbrook Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean, a little to the N. of Sandwich Iflands : it is about 6 miles in circumference. Hinckley, an ancient town of Lei- cederfhire, containing 2 churches, and about 750 houfes. From a high ground near the town, 50 churches may be feen, befides gentlemen’s feats. Ic was former- ly much larger, as the back lanes between the orchards appear to have been once ftreets. It has a confiderable manufacto- ry of dockings and fine ale. It is 13 miles SW. of Leiceder, and 91 NNW. of London. A good market on Monday, and a noted fair on Augud 28. Hincknol , Dorfetf. W. of W. Milton. Hindcomb , Dorletf. a hamlet of Chidiock. Hindelopen, or Hinlopen, a fea- port of W. Friefland, the inhabitants of which are principally employed in fifhing and in budding (mail veflels. It is feated on the Zuyder Zee, with a fmall harbour, 21 miles SSW. of Lewarden. Hinderclay , Suffolk, near Buddefdale. Hinderthwate , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Rumbaldkiik. Hindernuell , Yorkf. N. Riding, on the coaft) W. of Runfwick. h 1 N Hindlep and Alfreton , a parifii a little NE. of Worceder. Hindon, an ancient town of Wilts, to miles nearly W. of Salifbury, and 97 WSW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Hindoostan, a celebrated region of Afia, which, in it’s moll exrenlive fignifi- cation, comprifes all the countries between the mountains of Tartary and Thibet on the N. ; the countries of Aft'atn, Meckley, Aracan, and the Bay of Bengal on the E. and SE. ; the Indian Ocean on the S. ; and the fame ocean and Peifia on the W. But it may be more driclly confidered un- der the three grand divifions of Kindoo- ftan Proper, the Deccan, and the Peninlu- la. Hindoodan Proper, includes all the countries that lie to the N. of the river Nerbudda, and of the foubahs of Bahar and Bengal. The principal foubahs, or provinces, in Hindoodan Pioper, are Agi- niere, Agra, Calhmere, Delhi, Guzerat, Lahore, Malwa, Moultan, Oude, Rohil- cund, Sindy, See. (for an account of which, fee their refpeClive names.) The term Deccan, which fignifies the South, has been extended to the whole region that lies to the S. of Hindoodan Proper; but in it’s niod proper and limited fenfe, it means only the countries fituated between Hindoodan Pioper the Carnatic, the Weltern Indian Sea, and Orilfa ; namely, the provinces of Candeilh, Dowlatabad, Vifiapour, Golconda, and the wedern part of Berar. All the tra£l S. of the Kidna, is generally called the Peninfula. The name India , by which this country, as far as it was known, is didinguifhed in the earlied Greek hidories, appears to be de- rived from Hind , the name given to it by the ancient Perfians, through whom the knowledge of the country was tranfmitted to the Greeks. The word Hhidoojian is, indeed, entirely of Perfian origin, com- pounded of Stan, a region, and Hind, or Hindoo. The whole ot Hindoeftah may now be Laid to confid of fix principal dates, which hold as tributaries, or feudatories, fome numerous inferior dates. Thefe fix principal dates are the British ; the Poo- nah Mahrattas ; the Behrar Mahrattas; Nizarn Ally, foubah of the Deccan; My- fore, or the dominions of Tippoo Sultan ; and the Saks. The Britifh pofleflions are Bengal, the greater part of Bahar, part of Allahabad, part of Oriffa, the Northern Circars, a jaghire in the Carnatic, Bara- mahal, Dindigul, and fome confiderable couniries to the N. and S. of Calicut, on the coad of Malabar, with Bombay, and. the Ifiand of Salfette. The allies of the Britifh, who may be confidered as depen- Y dent H I N dent on them, are the nabob of Chide; the nabob of the Carnatic, including Tanjore, Madura, Tinevelly, and Marrawars ; the rajahs of T ravancore ; and the territory of Cochin. The Indian territory held by England, either in direft fubje&ion, or through the intervention of dependent al- lies, contains more than 20,000,000 of in- habitants, and yields an annual revenue of 5.000. 000 fterling. For the five other principal ftates, fee their refpe£live names; and for an account of fome inferior inde- pendent ftates-, fee Bundela, Ballq- gistan, The Jats, Rohxlc.und, &c. Exclufive of the Europeans, the inhabit- ants of Hindooftan are computed at 1 0.000. 000 Mahometans, and 100,000,000 Hindoos. The Mahometans, or Mufful- mans, whom the Englilh commonly, but improperly, call Moors, or Moormen, are reprefented as bearing a very bad charac- ter. The Hindoos, or Gentoos, are of a black, complexion, their hair long, their perfons ftraight, their limbs neat, their fingers long and tapering, and their coun- tenances open and pleafant. They are di- vided into different tribes or carts. The four principal tribes are the bramins, fol- diers, labourers, and mechanics ; and thefe are fubdivided into a multiplicity of infe- rior diftin&ions. There are bramins of various degrees, who have the care of re- ligion, or of the adminiftration of the Gen- too law allotted to them. Thefe priefts are held facred by the Indians or Hindoos. Thole who engage in worldly purfuits are generally the word of all the Gentoos; for, perfuaded that the waters of the Ganges will purify them fsom their fins, and exempted from the utmoft rigour of the courts of juftice, (under the Gentoo governments) they run into the greateft excefles. The foldiers are commonly call- ed Rajah-poofs ; that is, descendants of the rajahs. They readily enter into the fer- vice of ary that will pay them, and follow wherever ' he leads. The Englilh have many battalions of them in their employ, under the name of Sepoys. The labourers include farmers, and all who cultivate the land. The mechanics include merchants, bankers, and all who follow any trade; thefe again are iubdivided into each parti- cular branch. Befides thefe, there are the Parians, or Hallachores, who cannot be called a tribe, being rather the refufe or outcafts of the other tribes. They are a let of poor unhappy people, who are def- ined to perform the moil difagreeable of- fices of life, bury the dead, and carry away every thing that is polluted. One delcrip- non of thefe, or rather the outcafts of thefe H I N outcafts, the Poulichees, on the Malabar coaft, are held in fuch abomination, that if one ©f them happen to touch a Hindoo of a fuperior tribe, the latter does not fcruple to draw his fabre and kill him on the lpot ; and for fo atrocious an a£l, he is not even called to an account. All the different tribes are kept diftin& from each other, by infurmountable barriers; they are forbidden to intermarry, to dwell to- gether, to eat with each other, or even to drink out of the fame veffel ; and if they tranfgrefs any of thefe rules, they are obliged from that inftant to join with the Hallachores. The Hindoos admit no con- verts, and are raoft firmly attached to their own fuperftitions, except, the Hallachores, who are, fome of them, glad to be admit- ted into any fociety where they are treated as fellow creatures. The Hindoos vie with the Chinefe, in re.‘pe 6 t to the anti- quity of their nation; and the do£hine of tranifmigration is one of their diftinguifli- ing tenets. Their inftitutions of religion form a regular and complete fyftem, ftrengthened and upheld by every thing which can excite the reverence, and fecuia the attachment of the fuperftitious multi- tude. The temples conlecrated to their deities are magnificent ; their religious ceremonies fplendid ; and the abfolute do- minion which the Bramins have obtained over the minds of the people, is fupported by the command of the immenfe revenues, with which the liberality of princes, and the zeal of pilgrims and devotees, have en- riched their pagodas. The dominion of religion extends, indeed, to a thoufand particulars, which, in other countries, are governed by the civil laws, or by tafte, cuftom, or fafhion. Their drefs, their food, the common intercourfes ©f life, their marriages, and profeffions, are all under the junfd'i&ion of religion. The food of the Hindoos is fimple, confiding chiefly of rice. ghee, (a kind of imperfect butter), milk, vege tables, and oriental fpices. The warrior cart may eat of the flefh of goats, flieep, and poultry. Other fuperior carts may eat poultry and fifh ; but the inferior cafts are prohibited from eating flefh or fifh of any kind. Their greateft luxury confifts in the ufe of the richeft fpices and perfumes, of which the great people are very lavi/h. They efteem milk the pureft of food, becaufe they think it partakes of iome of the properties of the ne£tar of their gods, and becaufe they efteem the cow itfeJf almofl as a divinity. Their manners are gentle. Their happinefs con- fifts in the iolaces of domeftic life; and they are taught by their religion, that ma* 1 * trimony H I N trimony is an indifpenfable duty in every man, who does not entirely feparate him- felf from the world, from a principle of devotion. Their religion permits them to have feveral wives; but they feldom have more than one; and their wives are diftinguifhed by a decency of demeanour, a foiicitud® in their families, and a fideli- ty to their vows, which might do honour to human nature, in the moft civilized countries. The cuftom of women burn- ing themlelves on the death of their huf- b inds, is fi ill pra&ifed in Hindooftan. In 174.3, near Coffimbuzar, when a widow, about 18, with three children, the eldeft not 4. years of age, was ftrongly urged to live, for the fake of the future care of her infants ; notwithftanding this, and though the agonies of death were del'cribed to her in the ftrongeft colours, file put her finger into the fire with a calm and determined countenance, and held it a confiderable time. She then, with one hand put fire into the palm of the other, fprinkled in- cenfe on it, and fumigated the Bramins. Being then told, that /he would not be permitted to burn, (he refolutely anfwered, that death w 3 s in her own power, and that it the was not allowed to burn, the would ftarve herfelf. Her friends were obliged, at laft, to confent to the dreadful facrifice of this woman, who was of high rank. But, in 1781, Mr. Hodges was wftnefs, near Benares, to the facrifice of one of an inferior caft, the widow of a merchant. “ Repairing to the fpot,” fays he, ‘ ‘ on the banks of a river, where the ceremony was to take place, I found the body of the man ©n a bier, covered with linen, al- ready laid at the edge of the river. At this time, ten in the morning, only a few people were affeinbled, who difplayed the moft perfect apathy and indifference. Af- ter waiting a confiderable time, the wife appeared, attended by the Bramins, and mufic, with a few relations. The pro- ceflion was flow and folemn ; the victim moved with a fteady and firm ftep ; and, with a perfeft compofure of countenance, approached clofe to the body, where for fome time they halted. She then ad- drefled thofe who were near her, without the leaft trepidation of voice, or change of countenance. She held in her left hand a cocoa-nut, in which was a red colour mixed, and dipping in it the fore finger of her right hand, fhe marked thofe near her, to whom fhe wifhed to fhow the laft a£l of attention. She might be about 24 years of age. Her drefs was a loofe robe of white flowing drapery, that extended from her head to the feet. The pile was com- H I N pofed of dried branches, leaves, and rufhes» with a door on one fide, and arched, and covered on the top; by the fide of the door flood a man with a lighted brand. From the time the woman appeared, to the tak- ing up of the body to convey it into the pile, might occupy half an hour, which was employed in prayer with the Bramins, in attentions to thofe near her, and con- verfation with her relations. When the body was taken up, file followed clofe to it, attended by the chief Bramin; ar.d when it was depofited in the pile, (he bow- ed to all around her, and entered without fpeaking. The moment file entered, the door was doled ; the fire was put to the combuftibles, which inftantly flamed, and quantities of dried wood were thrown up- on it. This laft part of the ceremony was accompanied with the fhouts of the mul- titude, who now became numerous, and the whole feemed a mafs of confufed re- joicing. In other parts of India, as the Carnatic, this dreadful cuftom is accom- panied with ftill greater horror. It is af- ferted, that they dig a pit, in which is de- pofited a large quantity of combuftible matter, which is fet on fire, and the body being let down, the vi£lim throws herfelf into the flaming mafs. In other places, a pile is raifed extremely high, and the bo- dy, with the wife, is placed upon it, and then the whole is fet on fire.” In the Code of Gentoo Laws, tranflated by N. B. Hal- head, Efq. is the following remarkable paflage concerning this practice : “It is proper for , a woman, after her hufband’s death to burn herfelf in the fire with his corpfe. Every woman, who thus burns herfelf, fliail remain in paradife with her hufband three crcre and fifty lacks of years, by deftiny. If fhe cannot burn, fhe muft, in that cafe, preferve an inviolable chafti- ty ; if fhe remain always chafte, file goes ta paradife; and if fhe do not preferve her chaftity, fhe goes to hell.” This code of laws, with their facred books, the Veidam and the Shaftah, were written in the San- ferit language, which is very copious and nervous, although the ftyle of their beft authors is wonderfully concile. Hindoo- ftan, towards the N. is pretty temperate; but hot toward the S. and it rains almoft conftantly for three months in the year. It’s products are rice, millet, cotton, figs, pomegranates, oranges, lemons, citrons, cocoa-trees, See . There are mines of gold, filver, and diamonds, Befide domeftic animals, here are elephants, rhin©cerofes, buffaloes, lions, tigers, leopards, panthers, and monkeys, with camels and dromeda- ries. It’s principal export# are fugar, in- Y a digo, H I N digo, faltpetre, fiik, cotton, and precious (tones; and particularly calicoes, chintzes, muflins, &c. Hindringbam , Norf. near Walfingham. HiNGHAM, a town of Norfolk, 15 miles W. of Norwich, and 97 NE. of London. Market on Saturday. Hinkfell , Kent, E. of AfWford. Hink- fey , Lawrence and South, Berks, both on tne Thames, 2 miles from Oxford, Z/z'/z- zzofE, Bedfordf. NW. of Harold. Hinfiock , Shropf. N. of Newport. Hintlejham , Suf- folk., between Hadley and Iplwich. Hin- ton, Berks, NE. of Farringdon. Hinton , Gloucefterf. near Pucklechurch. Hinton , Gjoucefteff. in Berkeley parifh. Hinton , Gloucef. 8 miles from Campden. Hinton , Gloucefterf. in Durham parifh. Hinton , Hants, SE, of Ringwood. Hinton , Oxf. near Radcotbridge. Hinton , Suffolk, near Danwich. Hinton , Broad , Wiltfhire, 5 miles NW. of Marlborough. Hinton > Cherry , Camb. near Gogmagog Hills. Hinton , Little, Dorfetf. near Winborn Minfter. Hinton Martel , Dorfetf. by Wichampton. Hinton , Mary, Dorfetf. near Ewrin Courtney. Hinton under Hill, Gloucef. near Bredon Hills. Hints , StafF. near the Black Brook, which runs below it into the Tame, W. of Tamworth. Near it is a large Roman tumulus, now turned into a hard rock. Hinuuick, Bedf. near Puddington. with a manmadiory of thread lace. Hinxton, Camb. SW. of Lin - ton. Hinxworth, Herts, near Afhwell. Hinzuan, or Joanna, one of the Co- mora liiands, between the N. end of Ma- dagafcar, and the continent of Africa, has Been governed, for the laft two centuries, by a colony of Arabs. Some account of it has been written by Sir William Jones, for the Society for the promoting of Orien- tal Knowledge, of which he was prefident. He vi'fited this illand, on hoard the Cro- codile riigate, in July, 1783. On an- choring in the bay, the frigate was foon fur rounded by canoes, and the deck crowded with natives of all ranks, from the high-born chief, who wafhed linen, to the half- naked (lave, who only paddled. Moft of them had letters of recorrimenda- tion from Englifhmen, which none of them were able to read, though they fpoke English intelligibly. Tne appearance of the itland from the Bay of Hinzuan, is thus defcribetl by the fame writer: “ We were at anchor in a bay, and before us was a vaft amphitheatre, of which you may form a general notion by picturing in your minds a multitude of lulls, infinitely va- ried in fize and figure, and then luppofing them to be thrown together, with a kind PI I N of artlefs fymmetry, in ail imaginable pe- titions, The back ground was a fcries of mountains, one of which is pointed, near half a mile perpendicularly high from the level of the fea, and little more than three miles from the fhore ; all of them richly clothed with wood, chiefly fruit-trees, of an exquifite verdure. I had feen many mountains of a ftupendous height in Wales and Swiflerland, but never faw one before, round the bofom of which the clouds were aimoft continually rolling, while it’s green fummit rofe flourifhing above them, and received from them an additional bright- nefs. Next to this diftant range of hills, was another tier, part of which appeared charmingly verdant, and pait rather bar- ren ; but the contraft of colours changed evert this nakednefs into a beauty: nearer ftill were innumerable mountains, or rather cliffs, which brought down their verdure and fertility quite to the beach ; fo that every fhade of green, the fweeteft of co- lours, was difplayed at one view, by land and by water. But nothing conduced more tc the variety of this enchanting profpe& than the many rows of palm-trees, elpe-- daily the tall and graceful Aracas, on the fhores, in the valleys, and on the ridges of, hills, where one might aimoft fuppofe them to have been planted regularly by defign.. A more beautiful appearance can fcarce be f conceived,- than fuch a number of elegant palms in fuch a fituation, with luxuriant tops, like verdant plumes, placed at juft intervals, and (hewing between them part of the remoter landscape, while they left the reft to be fupplied by the beholder’s imagination. Neither the territory of; Nice, with it’s olives, date-trees, and cy-j pieties, nor the Ifles of Hieres, with theirt delightful orange-groves, appeared fo charming to rne as the view from the road of Hinzuan.” The town' where the king refides is at the E. fide of the ifiand ; and, though it is three quarters of a mile in length, it does not contain above 200 houles. This town is dole to the fea, at the foot of a very high hill. The houles aie incloftd either with high ftone walls, or palings made with a kind of reed ; and the ftreets are little, narrow alleys, ex- tremely intricate, and forming a 1 perfed labyrinth. The better kind of houles are built of ftone, within a court yard, have a portico to fhield them from the fun, and one long, lofty room, where they receive guefts; the other apartments being ap- propriated to the women. The tides of their rooms are covered with a number of fmall mirrors, bits-of china-ware, and other little ornaments, that they procure from . H IN the (hips : the moft fuperh of them are fur- ni/lieci with cane fofas, covered with chintz and fatin matreiTes. The horned cattle are a kind of buffaloes, having a large hump on their (boulders, which is very delicious eating j but there is not one horfe, mule, nor afs, in all the ifland. The original natives, in number about 7000, occupy the hills, and are generally at war with the Arabian interlopers, who eftablifhed them- felves on the fea-coaft by conqueft, and are about 3000 in number. Though Jo- anna is not the largeft, it may be reckon- ed the principal of the Comcra Iflands ; it claims iovereignty over, and exafts tribute from all the others. They have a regular form of government, and exercife the Ma- hometan religion ; both being introduced by the Arabians. The colour of thefe two races of men are very different ; the Arabs have not fo deep a tinge as the others, being of a copper complexion, with neater features and a more animated cpuntenance. They confider a black ftreak under the eye as ornamental; and this they make, every day, with a painting brufh dipt in a kind of ointment. The cuftom of chewing the betel- nut prevails greatly here, as in moft of the ealtern countries ; and anfwers to the fafhion of l'moking tobacco or taking fnuff with us, except that with them it is more general. No one is without a purfe or bag of betel ; and it is looked on as a piece of civiiiry to offer it to their friend when they mei-t him, or take leave.. Their religion iicenfes a plurality of wives, and likewife concubines. They are extiemely jealous of them, and never allow any man to fee the women: but female ftrangers are admitted into the haram ; and, fome Eng- iifh women, whole curiolity has led them there, make favourable reports of their beauty, and richnefs of apparel, difplayed in a pi ofufioh of ornaments of gold, filver, and heads, in form of necklaces, bracelets, and ear-rings: they wear half a dozen or more in each, through holes bored along tine oner rim of the ear. They are very terpperate and abihemious, wine being for- bidden them by the law of Mahomet. They are •frequent in prayer, attending their mofques three or four rimes a day. We are allowed to enter then'., cn condition or taking off our (hoes. In prayer the peo- p e proftrate themlelves on the ground, frequently killing it, ar.d exprefling very fervent devotion. In general they appear to be a courteous and well difpofed peo- ple, and very frir and honeft in their deal- ings, though there are among them fome inclined to theft, notu irliftanding the pu- nifhmer.t of it is very exemplary, being H I T amputation of both hands of the delin- quent. The inhabitants, like thofe of moft hot and tropical countries, are indolent, and do not improve by their labour the richnefs of their exuberant foil ; indeed, the climate here promotes vegetation to fuch a degree, as requires little toil in the hufbsndman ; and that little is denied ; fo that beyond oranges, bananas, pine-ap- ples, cocoa-nuts, yams, and purflain (all growing fpotaneoufly) few vegetables are met with. Nor are the naturtl beauties of the ifland inferior to it’s other advan- tages of plenty and fertility; the face of the country is very pifturefque and pleaf- ing ; lofty mountains clothed to their very fumir.its, deep and rugged valleys adorned by frequent catarafts, cafcades, woods, rocks, and rivulets, intermixed, form the diverfified landfcape. Groves are feen ex- tending over the plains to the very edge of the fea, formed principally by the co- coa-nut trees, whofe long and naked ftems leave a clear and uninterrupted paflage be- neath; while their tufted 'and over-fpread- ing tops form a thick (hade above, and keep off the fcorching rays of the fun. Lat. 12. 14. S. Ion. 44, 48. E. Hio, a town of W. Gothland, fituated near the Weller Lake, with a good falmon fifhery. Hiorring, a town of Aalburg, in N. Jutland, once a large place, but almoft de,- ft roved by fire, in 1693. It is 27 miles NNW. of Aalburg. Hip ford, Eflex, NW. of Halfted. Hip* perholm , Yorkf. E. of Halifax. Hirch Horn, a town of Mentz. Hirgum } a liver in Merionefhf. which runs into the Avcn, 4 miles below Dol- gelly. HlRSCHSERG, a town of Boieflau, Bo- hemia; a ccnfiaei able trading and manu- fa 61 tiring town of Jauer, iq Stlefia a town of Aichftadt, in Franconia; and a town of Reulen, in Upper Saxony. Hirschfeld, a town of Erzgeburg, in Upper Saxony. Hifham , Northamp. between Welling- borough and Kettering* HisiNGEN, an ifland near f he cor-.ft of S vedt-n, at the mouth of the Gotha, about 1 6- miles long and 6 broad. It contains 7 pa rifhts. Ear. 57. 45. N. Ion. 1 1. 48. E. Hispaniola. Sec Dominc-o, St. Hissar, a town, capital of a diftr»6I of the h me name, in the country of Delhi, in Hindooftan. - It is fituated near the ri- ver Suifoory, 1 12 miles WNW. of Delhi. Hijlon, Andrew and Ethelred , 3 miles N-W. of Ca m bride- e". Hi r. a town of Arabian Irac, fitua'ed Y 3 on HOC on a river of the lame name, which foon after runs into the Euphrates, ioo miles W- of Bagdad. Hitcbam , Suff. near Bildefton. Hitcb- enden , Bucks, N. of High Wycomb. *Hitchin, formerly called Hitch- end, a populous town of Hertford (hire, reckoned the l'econd in the county, for number of ftreets, houfes, and inhabit- ants. It is iituated near a wood called Hitch, on the rivulet Hiz, (which drives two mills here, and runs to Ickleford) 15 miles NNW. of Hertford, and 34 NW. of London. A confiderable market for wheat, malt, &c. on Tuefday. Hitchin, Norf. near Snettiiham, a haven for fmall velfels. Hitb, Hants, 3 miles from Southampton. Hiton , Lancaf. near Weil Darby. Hittejlgy , Devonf. 6 miles from Crediton. Hit ton, Suffolk. Hitsacker, a town of Lunenburgh Zell, fituat-ed on an ifiand in the Jetze, 29 miles E. of Lunenburg. Hoactlej , Suffcx, S. of Eaft Grinftead, Hoadley, Sufi'ex, NE. of Lewes. Hoaingnan, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Kiangnan. It is iituated near a canal, which is above the level of the town, (and consequently in danger of being inundated, if care be not conlfantly taken to feed re the dykes) 415 miles SSE. of Pekin. Hoang, a town of China, of the fe- cond rank, in the province of Houquang, §65 miles SSW. of Pekin. Hoangtcheou, a city of China, of the firfl rank, in the province of Hou- quang. It is iituated on the Yangtfe, 585 miles S. of Pekin. Hoatchit, a country of Chinese Tar- tary, governed by a Mongol prince, tri- butary to the empire. It is formed into two lfandards, and is Iituated to the N. of Pekin, in about lat. 44. N. Hotitb , Kent, near Reculver. Hob- bies, Great And Little , Norfolk, SW. of Wurfted. Robb's Hill , Kent, NE. of Afhurlt. Hobb's Ho ufe, Camb. in the Fens, SW. of Wifbeach. Hobb's Paf- fage, Somerf. between Brent Masfh and the lea. Hobb's Pool , Devonf. N. of Cre- diton. Ho by, Leicef. NW. of Melton Mowbray. Hochberg, a marquifate of Brifgau, in Suabia, lubje£l to the ma. grave of Ba- den Dourlach. Hochst, a town of MentZj Lower Rhine, Iituated on the Maine j and a town of Wertheim, in Franconia. Hochstadt, a town and caftle of Ncuburg, in Bavaria, on the Danube, near which was fought the celebrated battle of HOF Blenheim ; alfo a town of Hanuau Munt- zenburg. Upper Rhine; a town of Bam- berg, in Franconia ; and a town of Bole- flau,in Bohemia. Hockenball, Chef, near Tarvin. Hock' erell, Hertfordf. near Bifhop's Stortford. Hockerill , Dorfetfh. near Nottington and Broadway. Hockerton, Nottingh. NE. of Southwell. Hocket , Kent, near Maiden. Hockford , Devonf. in Stockworthy pari Hi. Hockbam , Great and Little , Norf. W. of Buckenham. Hockheim, a town of Mentz, Iituated near the conflux of the Rhine and Maine, 4 miles ENE. of Mentz ; alfo a town of Worms. Hockhold , Norfolk. Hockley in the Hole , Bedf. 5 miles N. of Dunftable. Hockley in the Hole, Effex, near S. Fambridge, in a miry road, often overflowed in the win- ter. It is a long range of houles, chiefly inns. Hockridge, Devonf. NW. of Exe- ter. Hockring, Norfolk, NE. of E. Dere- ham. Hockrt, Haerlem, Dcltt, Leyden, Amfterdani, and Gouda. The number of nobility ad- mitted into the aflembly of the flares of the piovince, is not limited, but rarely ex- Y 4 ceeds HOL . eeeds to; they are defied by a majority of votes. The towns which have a right to fend deputies are 18. The houfes are generally well built, and extremely neat and clean. They have linen and woollen manufactures, befnle the building of a great number of fhips. The eftabliflied religion is Calvinifm ; but all religious feds are tolerated. This was the ftate of the republic, prior to the difputes on the French revolution. Amfterdam is the ca- pital. Holland, a diftriCI of Lincolnfhire, in the SE. part of the county. It is di- vided into Upper and Lower, and reaches from Wainfleet to the Ifte of Ely, and to the grounds oppofite Lynn in Norfolk, in nature, as well as appellation, it re- lembles a province of the fame name in the Netherlands. It confifts entirely of fens and marfhes, in which are many quickfands, fame in a ftate of nature, but others cut by numberlefs drains and ca- nals, and crofted by railed caufeways. The lower, or fouthern divifion, is the molt watery, and is prefer ved from con- fcant inundations by nothing but vaft banks, railed on the fea-coaft and rivers. It was formerly impaffable ; but fince the tens have been drained, the lands are grown more folid, and the inhabitants fow cole-feed upon them to their great advan- tage. Through the whole fenny di drift, the walls of the houfes are generally of brick, and their roofs covered with ftate or tile. A done jioufe is rarely to be feen here, and as rarely one thatched with draw, but many of thofe of the more opu- lent farmers are large and handfome. The churches are, in general, fpacious, and fe- veral of them are built with excellent done. The air is reckoned unwholcfome, and the water, in general, is fo brackifh, as to he unfit for internal purpofes; on which account, the inhabitants are oblig- ed to make refervoirs of rain-water. In dimmer, vaft 1 war ms of infefls fill the air, and prove exceedingly offend ve. Yet, even here, indiutjry has produced comfort and opulence, by forming excellent paf- rut eland out of fwamps and bogs, and even making them capable of producing large crops of corn. The fens too, in their native ftate, are not without their utility, and afford various objefls of cu- riofity to the naturalift. The reeds, with which the waters of t heir lens are covered, make the bed thatch, and are annually harvefted in great qijHntities for that pur- pofe. Prodigious docks of geefe are bred among the undrained fens, forming a con- fiderabk objcfl of commerce, as well for HOL their quills and feathers, as for the bird itfelf, which is driven in great numbers to the London markets. The principal decoys, in England, for the various kinds of wild ducks, teal, widgeon, and other fowls of the duck kind, are in thefe parts. Wild geefe, grebes, godwits, whimbrels, coots, ruffs, reeves, bitterns, and a great variety of other fpecies of water-fowl, breed here in amazing numbers; and flares, or ftarlings, refort hither during winter, in myriads, to rood on the reeds, breaking them down by their weight. Near Spalding, is the greateft heronry in England, where the herons build together on high trees, like rooks. The avol’et, or yelper, is found in great numbers about Foffdyke Walh, as are alio knots and dottrels. Holland, New, the largeft known land in the world, that does not bear the name of a continent: it extends from lat. 43. 42. S. to within 10. 30. of the equa- tor; and from no. 30. to 153. 30. E. Ion. fo that it’s fquare furface equals, at leaft, if it does not exceed, the habitable part of Europe. This vaft iftand was firft difeovered in the beginning of the 17th century, and then it was called 'Terra Auflralis Incognita , and long after was fiuppofed to be part of an immenfe fouth- ern continent. In the year 1628, the weftern part w^s difeovered by fome v= fi- fth belonging to the Dutch Eaft- India Company, and called De Wit's Land , from the name of the commodore who command- ed thefquadron. In 1642, Cap 1 . Talman was lent, by the Dutch Eaft India Com- pany, to furvey thecoaft. He difeovered the S. or rather the SE. extremity, which he called Anthony ’/an Diemen's Land , to diftinguiftv it from Diemen s_Land, on the N. coaft, difeovered in the year 1618. Capt. Cook, in 1770, vilitedtheE.and NE. parts; from 38° S. and fpent- four months in exploring a coaft about 2000 miles in length. He alcertained it’s reparation from New Guinea ; and, in 1773, Capt. Furneaux, by connecting Tafman’s di/co- veries with Capt. Cook’s, completed the circuit. In that part of it, which Tafnian diftinguilhed by the name of Van Diemen’s Land, and which was vifited by Capt. Fur- neaux, in 1773, an ^ again by Capt. Cook, in 1777, the land is, for the moll parr, of a good heigrft, diverfified with hills and valleys., See Wales, New South. Holland, a ftrongly-fortified town of Oberland, in Pruftia, fituated on or near the river Weelke,»^z miles SW. of Ko- ningfberg. Holland , Derby f. near Bolfover. Hol- land, H O L land, Lancafh. W. of Wigan. Holland , Great and Little, Eflex, near Gunfleet. Holland Houfe, Middl. near Kenfington, a venerable. Gothic ftrufture, built of brick, and adorned in the infide with line paintings. The celebrated Mr. Ad- difon, who married the Countels of War- wick, lived in this houfe, and here was the fcene of his laft moments. Hollejley , Suffolk, near Oi ford Nefs. Hollick , Mid- dlesex, near Tottenham. Hollimill Crofs, Weftmorl. near Pendragon Cattle. Hollin , Lane, near Chatmofs. Hollingborn, Kent, E. or Maidltone. Hollingtborp , Yorkf. 3 miles from Wakefield. Hollington, Der- byf. between Derby and Afhboi ne. Hoi - lington , Staff, near Check ley. Hollington , SufTex, near Haftings. Holltnfde, E. and IV. NW. of Durham. Hollin worth, Che- Ihire, NE. of Stockport. Hollis, or Holleys, a town of N. Carolina. Hollistown, a town of MafTachu- fets. Holliwell , Dorfetfh. near Cranborne. Holliwell, Lincolnlhire, NW. of Market Deeping. Hollodale, a river of Scotland, which runs into the N. Sea, between the counties of Sutherland and Caithnefs, about 5 miles from S;rathey Head. Hollo-way, Somerfetf. Holloway, Upper and Lower, Middl. between Iflington and Highgate. Holloway Down, Eflex, near S.ratford, 4 milts from London. Hollow- field, Effex, N. of Waitham Abbey. Hol- lyburfl, Warwickf. in Bulkington parifh. Hollymount, in Mayo, Connaught. Hol- lywood, in Wicklow, Leinller. Holly- wood, in Down, Ulfter, on the fea coaft, where mufcles are very plentiful. Holm, Bedf. near Potton. Holm, Camb. between Arrington and Caxton. Holm, Durham, near the, mouth of the Tees. Hobn, Huntingdonf. near Stilton. Holm, L j nca!. in Burnley parifh. Holm, Lane, near Manchefter. Holm, Norfolk, N. of Dpwnham. Hobu\No rt. W. of Thornam. Helm , Ndttingh. on the Trent, 3 miles N. of Newark. Holm, Nottinghamf. on the Trent, a hamlet of,N. Mufkam. Holm , Wtrtmorland, near Button. Holm, York- fhirc, near Slingfby. Holm , Yorkf. N. of New Malton. Holm , or Homme, Heref. between Weobly jind Dilvvm. Holm Abbey, or Cultrum. See Abbey Holm. ' Holm Cultrum , Cumb. near Bromfield. Holm , in Spalding Moor, Yorkf. 2 miles SW. of Market Wi^hton. This place gives name to one of the divifions of the E. Riding, Holm, E. and IV. Dorfetf. H O L on the river Frome, near Wareham. Hol- mer , near Hereford. Holme f dale, a tough and woody trail in Surry, lying immedi- ately beneath the hills to the S. and E. of that county, and extending into Kent. Red deer are (fill found here. It is fa id to take it’s name from the holm oak, with which it abounds, and was formerly fo 1 inacceflible, that it gave occafion to the following diflich: “ This is Holm Dale, “ Never won nor ne fhall.” Some parts are ftill wild and overgrown with furze, and retain the fame barren afneil as they had 1000 years ago. Holm- fertb, Yorkf. S. of Almondbury. Hobn Hall, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Holm Hall, Noff. E. of Swaffham. Holm Hall , Yorkfh. near Holm, in Spalding Moor. Holm Houfe , Heref. between Great and Little Marcfe. Holm Houfe , Yorkf. N. of New Malton. Holmlurjl, Hants, NW. of Chriftchurch. Holm Park , Lane, be- tween Marfon Mere and the river Ribble. Holm Pierpoint, E. of Nottingham. Holms , Ketir, in Milton parifh. Holmfdale, Suf- fex, S. of Afhdown Fore ft. Holms lfands , two iflands in the Severn Sea, knovVn by the name of Flatholm and Steepholm. Holmfed, SufTex, near Cuckfiekl. Hobn upon Woald, Yorkfi NE. of Market W igh- ton. Holmwood, SufTex, NE. of Dichlinr. Holmwood, Surry, S. of Darking. Hoi - nefl , Dorfetf. NE. of Yetminfter. Holf- don, near Norwich. Ho If don G reen, Mid- dlefex, between London and Harrow. HOLSMUNDEN, a town of Wplfenbut- tle, Lower Saxony, fituated on the Werra, 28 miles NW. of Gottingen. Holstebroe, a town of N. Jutland, the principal trade of whofe inhabitants confiits in corn, oxen, and hori’es. It is fituated on a river, not deep enough to be navigable, 68 miles N. of Ripen. Holstein, a duchy of Germany, in tire circle of Lower Saxony, fubjeft to the king of Denmark, having the Baltic on the E. tile Get man Ocean on the W. Slef- wick and the Baltic on theN. and Lunen- burg, Lubeck, Hamburg, and the Elbe on the S. It is about 70 miles in length, and 48 in breadth, and is a pleafant coun- try, fruitful in wheat, barley , oats, beans, peas, and rape feed, and producing hoi ti- ed cattle, fheep, rams, fwine, horfes, poultry, bears, and fifh, in great abun- dance; it is alfo weil leated for ttade, and has fbme confiderable harbours, particu- larly thofe of Hamburg and Lubeck. There are fbme imperial cities, which are governed by their refpeflive magiftrates, bat the religion of the whole country is Lutheran H O L Lutheran. The duchy is divided into Holftein Gluckftadt, fubjeft to the king of Denmark j and Holftein Gottorpf, fubjeft to the emperor of Ruffia. The governor, appointed by the king of Denmark, gene- rally refides at Gluckftadt, and the regency court for Ruffian Holftein, is held at Keil. The intended junction between the Baltic and the North Sea, will be formed entirely through Holftein and the other Danifh ter- ritories. *Holt, a town in Norfolk, 20 miles NNW. of Norwich, and 122 NE. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Holt, Denbigh!'. 3 miles NE. of Wrex- ham. Holt, or IVinborne Holt , Dorletf. near Winborne Minfter. Holt and it’s Torejl , Dorfetfti. NW. of St. Leonard. Holt, Hants, near Winchefter. Holt , Lei- cef. SE. of Hallaton. Holt, Surry, near Ockham. Holt , Warwickf. near Kingf- bury. Holt, Warw. near Studley. Holt , Wilts,. near Bradford. Holt, a town of Cleves; and a town of Chriftianfand, in Norway. Holt Caftle , Wore, near Droitwich, on the river Severn. Nothing now remains of it but a tower and fome old embattled walls. The church, however, is a mod complete relique of Saxon archite&ure. Holthy , NE, of York. Holton, Cornwall, N. of Salrafh. Holton , Dorfetf* 3 miles NE. of Wareham. Holton, Oxf. NE. of Cuddefdon. Holton, Suffolk. SE. of Had- ley. Holton, Suffolk, near Halefworth. Hoi way, DorfetA 1 mile N. of Catftock. Hohway, Somerfetfh. in Witcomb parifli. Holywell, Dorletf. between W.Pulham and Shtrborn. Holnvell, SW. of Hertford. Holivell, Leicef. near Melton Mowbray. Holywell, Oxford!. SW. of Burford. Hol- '■ wick , Yorkf. N. Riding, in Lune Foreft, «ear the Tees. Rolnwoodboraugh, Surry, S, of Darking. Holy Crop , Staffordfhire. Holy Crofsj in Tipperary, Munfter. ^Holyhead, a iea-port and cape of the Ille of Anglefea, rendered confiderable by being the place where paffengers ufu- ally embark for Dublin, there being pac- ket boats that fail for that citv every day, except Tuefday, wind and weather per- mitting. It is noted for feveral remains of old fortifications, one of which, called durris Mummentutn , is an old (tone wall, with a I'm a 1 i turret on it’s centre ; there are alfo fome Druidical antiquities in it’s neighbourhood. Under the mountains, that overling the town, is a large cavern in the rock, iupported by natural pillars, aiui called the par Iiamenr-houle ; it is ac- table only by boats, and the tide runs into it. On the adjacent rocks, the herb H O L grows of which they make kelp, a fixed fait ufed in making glafs, and in alum works j and in the neighbourhood is a large vein of white fullers’ earth, and ano- ther of yellow. On the Ille of Skerries, 9 miles to the N. is a lighthoufe. Large flocks of puffins are often feen here; they ail come in one night, and depart in the fame manner. The commodities are but- ter, cheele, bacon, wild fowl, lobfters, crabs, oyfters, razor fifh, fhrimps, her- rings, cod fifh, whitings, lea tenches, and plenty of other fifh. It is, in faff, little more than a fifhing town, with three good inns, and it has a very convenient harbour for the northern trade, when taken fhort by contrary winds. It is fituated near the extremity of the ifland, joined to the NW. part ot it by a ftone bridge, of one arch, 60 miles E. of Dublin, 24. nearly W. of Beaumaris, and 260 NW. of Lon- don. Lat. 53. 19. N. Ion. 4. 34. W. A fmall market on Saturday. Holy Hill , Shropfhire, SW. of Bridge- north. Holy Island, or Lindisfarne, a fmall ifland on the coaft of Northumber- land, about 6 miles SE. of Berwick, and one mile and a half from the neareft land, from whence, at low water, people ride over to it. It is two miles and a quarter long, and one in breadth, and confifts of one continued plain. THe foil is rocky and full of ftones, for which reafon it is thinly peopled : it has but one fmall town, or rather village, ftanding on a rifing ground; it confifts of a few fcattered ; houfes, chiefly inhabited by fifhennen, with two inns, and a church. Under the caftle, which ftands at thefouthern point, on altnoft a perpendicular rock, near 60 ' feet high, there is a commodious bay, or harbour, defended by a blockhoufe. The caftle is acceffible only by a narrow, wind- ing pafs, cut out of the rock, on it’s . fouthern fide. The N. and NE. coafts the ifland are formed of perpendicular J rocks, the other Tides fink, by gradual flopes, to the land. It has plenty of fifh i and fowl, but the air and foil are reckon- ed bad. The W. part is left wholly to the rabbits, and there is not a tree on the ifland. The monaftery, which covered near four acres, is entirely in ruins, but there are various fragments of the' offices remaining. It is properly a femi- ifland, being encompaffed with water at every flood, but land at ebb. The E. pa:t, which is much the broadeft, is joiueu to the W. by a fmall flip of land. Holy Ifland, in Clare, Munfter. * Holywell, a town of Flintfbire, which, f HON which, although in great part new, is, from it’s vicinity to the lead mines, and it’s confiderable manafaftures, become the molt flourilhing in the county. It takes it’s name frpm the famous well, called St. Winifred’s, concerning which fo many fa- bles and fuperftitipus notions have prevail- ed. It is a copious ftream of very cold and pure water, burfting out of the ground, at the foot of a hill, with fuch impetuosity as to dil'charge 21 tons of water in a mi- nute. Over the fpring there is a chapel, built by the Countefs of Derby, mother of Henry VII. which Hands upon pillars, and on the windows are painted the hif- tory of St. Winifred’s life. Befide the cold bath, celebrated for wonderful cures, formed at the fpring head, and covered with a beautiful Gothic (hrine, it is now applied to the purpofe of turning feveral mills for the working of copper, making brafs wire, paper, and fnuff, and fpinning cotton. It is 10 miles E. of St. Afaph, and 212 NE. of London. Mark, on Friday. Holywell, Bedf. SE. of Flitton. Holy- well, Chelh. W. of Cholmondeley. Holy- 'well, Herts, near St. Alban’s. Holy-well, Huntingdonlhire, near St. Ives. Homburg, two towns of Wurlburg, in Franconi i ; a town of Helfe Cafhel ; a town of Helie Homburg; and a town of Deux Ponts; all in the circle of Upper Rhine; and a town of Berg, in Weft- phalia. Homey, a town of Virginia. Home , Shropf. NE. of Bifhop’s Caftle. Homelacy, on the Wye, 3 miles from He- reford. Homersjield , Suff. near Harlfton. Howerton , Middl. a hamlet in the parilh of Hackney, Homerfwicb, Staff. SW. of Lichfield. Homejbury Hill , Surry, near Box Hill, in Dorkipg parilh. Homington, Wilts, near Saliflnny. Homons, SulTex, W. of Holmwood. Hampton, Yorklhire, E. of Patrington, in Holdernels. Honan, a city of China, of the firft rank, capital of the province of Honan. It is fituated in the centre of the empire, 360 miles SSW. of Pekin. Honduras, a large province of North America, bounded on tiie N. by the bay of the fame name, on the E. by the Mof- quitos Ihore, on the S. by Nicaragua and Guati.nala, and on the YV. by Guatimala and Vera Paz. This country, though ex- ceedingly fertile by nature, is almoft a de- fert. Tlie foil, in, many parts, bears In- diancornand grapes, three times a year; it's other produce is vveat, peas, large gourds, cotton, wool, honey, wax, and pro- vilions of all kinds. It produces in greater abundance than any part of America, the HON logwood- tree, which in dying fome colours, is fo far preferable to any other material, that the confumption of it in Europe is confiderable, and it is become an article in commerce of great value. During a long period, no European nation intruded upon the Spaniards in thefe provinces, or attempt- ed to obtain any (hare in this branch of trade. But after the conqueft of Jamaica by the Englilh, one of the firft obje&s of the lettlers, on that illand, was the great profit arifing from the logwood trade, and the facility of wrefting fome portion of it from the Spaniards. Their firft attempt was made at Cape Catoche, the NE. pro- montory of Yucatan. When moft of the trees near this Cape were felled, they re- moved to the Ifland of Trift, in the Bay of Camptachy; and, in later times, their prin- cipal flat ion has been in the Bay of Hon- duras. The Spaniards, alarmed at this encroachment, endeavoured by negociation, remonftrances, and open force, to prevent the Englilh from obtaining any footing on that par.t of the American continent. But, after ftruggling again!! it for more than a century, the difafters of an imfuccelsful war extorted from the court of Madrid, in 1763, a relu&ant confent to tolerate this fettlement of foreigners in the heart of it’s territories. This privilege was con- firmed by the definitive treaty of 17835 by which, however, it was ftipulated, that nothing in this conceftion Ihould be con- fidered as derogating, in any refpedl, from * the fovereignty of his Catholic Ma- jefty ;’ that, if the Englilh had erefted any fortifications in the country, they fhould be demolifhed, and noneerefled in future j and that they fhould confine themfelves within a certain diftiift, lying between the rivers Wallis, or Bellize, and Rio Hon- da, taking the courfeof the laid two rivers for unalterable boundaries, fo as that the navigation of them be common to botp na- tions. But, by a convention figned in 1786, thefe limits were extended; the Englifh line, beginning from the fea, was to take the centre of the river Sibun, or Jabon, and continue up to the fource of the laid river; thence to crofs, in a ftraight line, the intermediate land, till it interfered the river Wallis ; and by the centre of the fame river, the fa id line was to defeend to the point where it would meet the line al- ready fettled in 1 7 2 3. By this conven- tion, moreover, the Englilh were nor only permitted to cut logwood, but mahogany, or any other kind of wood, and to carry a-v y any other produce of the country; with certain exceptions, however, againlt tile cltabliJhii.g of any plantations of fu- g a, i HOO par, coffee, Sec. and they were likewife permitted, with certain reftri&iorrs, tooc-> cupy the fmall ifland called Cafina, St. George’s Key, or Cayo Cafina. The Englifh fettlement in this country had for- merly been confidered as foreign ; but, in 1790, by an a£l of parliament, they were allowed all the privileges of a Bt itifh co- lony. The principal towns are Vallado- lid, the capit.^ ; Truxilloj Gracias a Dios; and St. Jago. Honduras, a town of the Ifland of Cuba, 63 miles NE. of Bayamo. Hone don, Suffolk, ne.tr Clare. Honey - brook , Dorfetfhire, near High Hill. Ho- ney-wood, Kent, in Poffling pari ill. Honfleur, a confiderabl&fea-port in France, in the dept, of Calvados, the in- habitants of which principally trade in lace. It is fituated at the mouth of the Seine, with a very fafe and capacious har- bour, 8 miles NNE. of Pont i’Eveqoe, and no NW. of Paris. Hongajlon, Heref. W. of Aconbury. Honiborn Church , Worcef. E. of Evefham. Honing, Norfolk, between Worded and Walfnam. Honingford, Wai wickf. near Sluptorv upon Stour. *Honiton, a neat, 'Well built, and populous town of Devonfhire, with a large manufaftory of broad lace, (formerly of ferges) and an eftimated exportation, to London, of about five tons of butter week- ly. It is pleafantly feated on the river Otter, over which it has A bridge, in the beft and pleafanteft pait of the county, abounding with uncommonly beautiful landfcapes ail the way to Exeter, and on the great weftern road from London, 16 miles E. of Exeter, and 156 W. by S. of London. Market on S iturday. Honley , Yorkfhire, SE. of Hufhersfield. H$nningham , Warwick f. near Dunfimore Heath, and the river Leame. Hontby, a river in Brecknockfhire, which runs into the Ufk near Bfecknock. Honey Church , Devonfhire, near Hatherley. Hoo, Effex, W. of Colchefier, near the river Colne. Hoo, Kent. NE. of Stroud, near the Med- way. Hoo, Suffolk, W. of Wickham. Hoo, Suffex, near Battel rind Box Hill. Hoo, Norfolk, NE. of E. Dereharrv. y Hood Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, the moft northerly of the Mendoza Illar.ds, and about 16 leagues in circumference. It was dilcovered by Captain Cook, in - 1774 - Hoochly. a fmall, but ancient city, of Hir.doolfan, in Bengal. It is now nearly in ruins, but pofieffes many veftiges of it’s former greatnefs. In the time of the Ma- hometan government, it was the great mart HOP of the export trade of Bengal to Europe. It is feated on the W. fide of the river Hooghly, 26 miles N. of Calcutta. Hooghly River, an arm of the Ganges, formed by the union of it’s two wefttrnmoft branches, named the Coffirri- bazar and Jellinghy rivers. It paffes by Hooghly, Chinfura, Chandernagore, Cal- cutta, See. and is the only branch of the Ganges that is commonly navigated by fhips. Several European nations have fac- tories on this river, between Hooghly and Calcutta. Lat. 21. 40. N. Ion. 88. o. E. Hoogstraten, a town, capital of a county of Dutch Brabant, 10 miles S. of Breda. Hook, Hants, near Spithead. Hooky Hants, 4 miles W. of Hartley Row. Hook , Yorkf. near the Oufe, E. of the Annins. Hook, Dorfetf. between Beminfter and Dor- chefter. Hook, Great and Little , Yorkf*. W. Riding, SW. of Snaith. Hook, Sur- ry, near Kirigftpn. Hook Norton, Oxf. NE. of Chipping Norton. Hook Point , Suffex, SW. of Rye. Hool, NE. of Cheffer. Hoone, 6 miles SW. of Derby. Hoofe, Leic^f. NW. of Waltham on the Would. Hoothorp, Northamp. on the ri- ver Welland, NE. of Bofworth. Hooten , Chefhire, SW.of Frodfhrun, near Stanlaw, at the N. entrance of the Wirral. Hooten Lo-vet, Painel , and Robert, Yorkf. between Barnefiey and Doncafter. Hoonje , Suffex, or. the coafi, near Brighthelmftone, almoft fwallowed up by the lea. Hope, Derbyl. in the High Peak. Hope , Middl. near Hampton Court, Hope, Kent, jn Romney Marfli. Hope , Kent, between Gravefend and the Buoy in the Note. Hope, Glouc. in Thornbury parifh. Hope, Yorkf. NW. of Richmond Moor. Hope, Shropf. on the N. fide of Stiperflone’s Hill. Hope, a fmall river of Effex, which rif’es near Lain- don Hills, waters Stanford le Hope, and entering the Thames, below Mucking, gives name to a noted reach of that river. Hope , Staff. 4 miles from Afhbourn. Hope, a river of the Ifland of Jamaica, which runs into the Atlantic, about 5 miles S. of Kingffon. Hope Key, Devonf. at the mouth of the river Aune, in Bighnry Bay, between Plymouth and Start Point. Hope Bozvd- Icr, JShropf. near Church Stretton. Hope BagOt , Shropfhire, E. of Ludlow. Hope Houfc> Yorkf. N. Riding, in Swaledale, near the river You re. Hope Manfel, He- refordfhire, SE. of Rofs. Hope fey, Shropf. between Ludlove and Bifhop’s Caffle. Hope Sellers, Heref. near iLockhampton. Hops ford- Warw. in Withibrdok pari fit. Hop! on i Derby fiii re, W. ©1 Wirkfworth. Hopton , HOR Hopton , Northumberl. near Bamboraugh Caftle. Hopton, Suffolk, on the Oui'e, NW. of Buddefdale. Hopton , Shropf. E. of Clun Caftle. Hopton , Suffolk, S. of Yarmouth. Hopton, z miles from Staf- ford, bv the Trent, near lngeftre. Hop~ ton in the Hole, Shropf. S. of Great and Little Poftern. Hopton Monks, Shropf. near Under.on and Upton. Hopton Wa- fers, Shropf. W. of Ctebury. Hopum, Northumberl. near Lucker. Hopivays, Staff, z miles from Packington. Hop- •wel, 5 miles from Derby. Hopnsjood, Lnncaf. S. of Rochdale. Horb, a town of Hohenburg, in Au- ftrian Swabia, with a conliderable trade in woollen goods. It is fttuated on the Nec- kar, 28 miles SW. of Stutgard. Marbling , Line. NE. ot Fokingham. Horborn, Staff, near Birmingham. Hor- bridge, Hants, S. of Fordingbridge. Horburg, a town in the dept, of the Upper Rhine, z miles NE. of Colmar. Horbury, Yorkf. near Wakefield. Hor- cote, Glouc. in Kempsford parifti. Hard, Northumb. on the Tweed, below- Norham. Hordes Park , Shropf. near Bridgenorth. Hordley, Shropf. S. of Ellefmere. Hord - •well, Hants, on the coaft, SW. ot Ly- mingten. Koreb, a mountain of Afia. in Arabia Petrsea, weftward of Mount Sinai, or ra- ther another eminence belonging to the fame mountain. At the foot of it is a monaftery, where a bifhop of the Greek, church refides. There are two or three fine fprings, and abundance of fruit trees on it’s fummit, but none on that of Sinai. Horecrofs, Staff, in the parifti of Brom- ley Regis. Horejlon, N. of Derby. Hore- fion Grange , Warwick!', near Nuneaton. Ho're*well , Warwickf. SE. of Coventry. Hore main the vifible foundations of (fleets and buildings. Houfe , IVefi, Eflex, near Bil- ; lericay. How, Norf. W. of Loddon, Howarby, Line. E. of Thongcafter. How- hern, Yorkf. W. Riding, N. of Temple Brough. Howborn, Northumb. NW. of iidford. Howcaple , Heref. N. of Rofs, near the Wye. Howcourt , Sulfex, S. of Stening. Howden, a large town in the E. Rid- ing of Yorkfhire, noted for being the birth-place, or refidence, of the hiftorian Roger de Hoveden, or Howden. It gives name to a I'm all diftrid, called Howden- fhire, and is feated on the N. fide of the Oufe, not far from it’s confluence with the Derwent and other large rivers, 23 miles W. of Hull, 16 SE. of York, and 179 N. ‘ by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Fairs on the lecond Tuefday in January) the Tuefday before March 25, the lecond Tuefday in July, and O&ober 2. Howden Dyke, near Howden ; here is a 1 ferry I H O X ferry over the Oufe. How den Park , Yorkf. between Skipton and Bradford. Howden Panns , Northumb. near .Shields. Howden Price , Yorkf. near Hull. Howe, Yorkf. near Old Malton. Howe , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Skipton Bridge, over the Oufe. Howell , Line. E. of Sleaford. Howes Northumb. near Walls End and Newc 3 (tle. Howey , Radnor!. How End , Herts, N. of Kempton. Howfield , Kent, near Reculver. Howfield . E. of Chefter. Howgate Caflle , Shropf. NW. of Brown Clee Hill* Howgil, Weltni. on the Lune, S. of Langdale. Howgil , Cumberl. near Whitehaven. The coal pits are carried here a great way under the lea ; and the beft coals obtained that are dripped from the port of Whitehaven. Howgil CaJHe, Weitmorl. N. of Appleby, on the river Burnibeck, near the Eden, and ajittle N. of the Maiden Way. The walls of great part of this ftru&ure are near n feet thick; and underneath it are vaults and cellars arched over with Hone. Howgrave, Yorkf. W. Riding, S. of Skipton Bridge, over the Oufe. Howick, Monm. N. of Chepftow. Howick , Northumb. NE. of Alnwick, where an old tower, noticed by Leland, yetexifts, and is kept in good re- pair. Howher, Lane. SW. of Cartmel. Howland , Upper and Lower, Yorkf. S. of Bornefley. Howie , Lancaf. between Ecclefton and the Ribble. Howlets, Kent, S W. of Bea kfbou rn . Howley Hall, Y orkf. near Wakefield. Howly , a river in Chef, which runs into the Pever, below Wy- ningham. Hown , Yorkf. S. of Hutherf- field. Howrigg , Cuir.b. in Weftward parifh. Howjham, Line, near Glandford Bridge. Howjham , Yorkf. E. Riding, on the Derwent, NW. of Malton. How- tel, Northumb. near Woller. Howth, or Hoath Head, a pro- montory, forming the NE. boundary of the Bay of Dublin. It is a peninfula, the (hoi es of which are rocky and precipitous. It was formerly covered with oaks, and was a feat of the Druids ; one of their al- tars ftill remains, in a fequeftered valley, on the E. fide of the hill. The village of Howth is about 7 miles NE. from the metropolis. On the top of the hill there is a light- houfej and a few harbours, on it’s (bores, are reforted to by (mail craft. Howthorp, Line . SE. of Boothby Pannel . Howton, Dorf. NE. of Middleton. How- ton, Heref. near Wormbridge, on the Wye, or a branch of it. Howto'ngill Chapel, Yorkf. W. Riding, NE. of Settle. Howton in the More , Line. N W. of Bin- brook. Hoxham, Devonfhire, near Polti- more. Hoxon , Suffolk, on the river Wave- ney, N. of Eye, Here Edmund, king of H U A the Eaft Angles, was bound to a tree, and (hot to death with arrows by the pagan Danes, becaufe he would not renounce the Chriftian religion. A monaftery was af- terwards eretted here to his memory. HoxtiiR, a lhnfalJ town in Weftphalia, belonging to the Abbey of Corvey,' from which it is diftant 3 miles NW. Hoxton . or Hogfdon, Midd. a populous hamlet in Shoreditch parWh,nearMoorfields. Hoy, one of the Orkney Ifiands, fitu- ated between thelfiand of Pomona and the N. coaft of Caithnelsfhire. It is about 11 miles long, and more than 3 broad. On this illand, befides the great conic hill of Hoyhead, which is a fea-mark, there is a (tupendous rock, called the Beary, where a bird, here named the layer, fuppofed to be a fpecies of the penguin, is found. It is about the fize of a frnall duck, remark- ably fat, and efteemed a great delicacy. Thefe birds burrow in the rabbit-holes. The perfon employed in taking the young is ufually let down by a rope from the top of the precipice, In this ifiand too, in a gloomy valley, is an entire (lone, 36 feet long, and 18 broad, called the Dwar- fic Stone. It is hollow within, having the form of a bed and pillow cut in the Hone: it is fuppofed to have been once the habitation of a hermit, Lat, 58. 56. N. Ion. 3. 20. W, Hoya, a town, and Tandy, heathy coun- ty of Weftphalia, (yet with Tome good meadows, paftures, and arable land,) fub- je£l to Hanover, fince 1705, except a frnall part, which belongs to Hefle Caflel. It is about 32 miles long and 29 broad, and contains 17 frnall towns, belides the capi- tal (which is fituated on the Wefer, 24. miles SSE. of Bremen). and 54pari(hes. Hoyer, a town of Slefwick, celebrated for it’s oyfter fishery. It is fituated on the coaft of the North Sea, 4. miles W. of Tundern. Hoyland, High, Yorkf. W. Riding, in Wentworth parifh. Hoyland , Swain , Yorkf. NW. of Barnefley. _ Hradisch, a town, capital of a circle of Moravia, celebrated for it’s excellent wines and fruits. It is fituated on the ri- ver Moraw, 30 miles SSE. of Olinutz. Hu a, or Kahua, a large town, the capital of Cochin China, with a handfome palace, where the king commonly refides. It is feated in a beautiful’ plain, and di- vided ijito two parts by a large river. The inhabitants blacken their teetb> thinking it a (hame to have them white, like dogs, and they wear their nails very long. There are a few Chriftians here. Lat. 17. 4a. N. Ion. 105. 5. E. Huaheine, one of the Society Ifiands, Z z in HUD in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 30 leagues from Otaheite, and 8 in compafs, with a commodious, but (mall, harbour, on the W. coaft, called Owharra,. affording good anchorage, in 18 fathoms water, and Ihel- tered from all winds. It is feparated by a deep gulf into two peninfulas, united by an ifthmus, which is overflowed by the Tea in high tides. It’s lurface is hilly and uneven. Lat. 16. 44. S. Ion. 151. i.W. Hubberbam , Yorkf. W. Riding, NE. of Settle. * Hubberjion, in Pembrokefhire, fituated on a creek of Milford Haven. It is the fiation of the packet to Waterford, in Ire- land. Hubberjionv , Devonf. on the coaft, near the mouth of the river Taw, where Hub- ba, the Dane, was cut off by the Weft Saxons. Hubert, St. a town of Luxemburg. Huckarn , Devonfhire, SE. of Newton Bufhel. Hucket, or Huckle, Bucks, near Ailefbury. Mucking , Kent, in Holling- bourn parifh. Hucklefcot, 4. miles E. of Gloucefter. Hucklefcot , Leicefterf. SE. of Afhbyde la Zouch. Hucklonv , Great and Little , Derb. in the High Peak. Hucknal , N. of Nottingham. Hackney , or Hall Hucknal, Derbyf. near Mansfield, in Not- tinghamf. Huckjlow Foreji , Shropf. about Stiperfton’s Hill. ^Huddersfield, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, which has rilen to confequence within this century. It is a fort of mart for narrow cloths, fine and coarfe, fine broad cloths, ferges, kerfey- ineres, &c. and is fituated on the Calder, amid barren moors, 25 miles NE. of Manchefter, 42 SW. of York, and 389 NNW. of London. It's market is on Tuefday, when the cloth is expofed to fale in a large hall, and merchants and wool-ftaplers attend from a confiderable diftance. Haddington , Wore. SE. of Droitwich. Huddlefke on the Saar, SW. of Leicdter. Hun- derton , near Hereford. Iiundleby , Line, near Spiilby. Hundon , Staff, on theNW. fide ot Clare. Hundred-. Berks, in Chef- ham parifh. Hundred Flaufe, Wore, near Woodbury and Aberlt) Hills. Hundsfeld, a town of Oels, in Silefia. Hundsmarck, a town of Stiria, fitu- ateu on the Muehr. Hunfieet, or Hunjleet , Yorkf. on the S. bank ot the Aire, almolt oppofite Leeds. It has long been eminent for clothiers. Hungary, a kingdom of Europe, bounded on the W. by Moravia and the circle of Auftria ; on the N. and NE. by Poland j on the E. by Walachia, Tran- fylvania, and part of Moldavia ; and on the S. by Servia and the river Drave, which feparates it from Sclavonia and Cro- atia. It is divided into Upper and Lower Hungary ; and to thefe may be added the Bannat of Temefwar, incorporated into the kingdom of Hungary, in 1778. Hungary formerly included Tranfylvania, Sclavonia, Dalmatia, Servia, Walachia, and other countries. The principal rivers are the Danube, Save, Drave, Theiffe, Temes, Leitha, Raab, Waag, Gran, and Maros. The air in the fouthern parts is unhealthy, occafioned by the lakes and bogs, infomuch that a fort of plague vifits them every three or four years, on which account it is called the grave of the Ger- mans. It abounds in all the neceffaries of life, and the wine, efpecially that called Tokay, is excellent. There are mines of gold, /liver, copper, and iron; and they have luch plenty of game, that hunting is allowed -to all. Almoft all the towns of Hungary have two names, the one Ger- man, and the other Hungarian ; and the language is a dialed of the Sclavonian. The government is hereditary in the houfe of Auftria, whether male or female ; and the eftabli/hed religion is Popery, though there are a great number of Proteftants. No country in the world is better fupplied with minerals and baths; and thofe of Buda, when the Turks had it in pofTefiTicn, were reckoned the fineft in Europe. Buda is t^e capital town of Lower Hungary, and Prefburg of the Upper. *Hukgerford, formerly called In- oleford Charnham Street, a town of Berks, feated on the river Kennet, w’tich feparates it from Wilts, 9 miles HUN W. of Newbury, and 64 W. of London. Market on Wednefday. Hungerford, Shropf. SE. of Church Stretton. Hungerbill, 'N. and S. Dorfetf. near Wareham, on the banks ot theFrome, noted for tobacco-pipe clay. There are two of this name, diftinguifhed by N. and S. oppofite each other. Hungerhilty Yorkf. W. Riding, W. of Topcliff. Hungerfhall , Kent, S. of Tunbridge. Hungerton , Leicefter/h. N. of Billefdon. Hungroad , Somerietfliire, an anchoring place in the Avon, below Bi iftol. Hungry Hill, a lofty, fteep, and rocky mountain, in Cork, Munfter. It is at lead 700 yards above the level of Ban- try Bay, and near it’s fummit is a large lake, which produces one of the fineft ca- tarafts in the kingdom. Huningen, a fmall, but handfome, and regularly fortified town in the dept, of Upper Rhine, feated on the river Rhine, 5 miles N. of Bade. Huntington, E. of Shrewfbury. Hun- manby , Yorkf. E. Riding, near Filey Bay, 11 miles S. of Scarborough, and about 2, from the fea. It exceeds the fize of com- maon villages, and has a market on Tuef- day, if not difufed. Hunnily , Warw. near Kenilworth. Huningham , NW. of Norwich. Hunington f Lincoln/'. NE. of Grantham. Hunington , Suff. NW. of Ixworth. Hunfcote, Warw. in the parifh of Hampton upon Avon. Hunfdon,Ylztis 9 N. of Hodfdon. It (lands in a fine, gra- velly foil and good air, near the conflux of the Lea and Stort. Hunjha.'Wy Devout. NE. of Tonington. Hunjhelf Yorkf. NW. of Rotherham. Hunfinger , Ycrkf. SE. of Knarefborough. Hunjley Houfe 9 Yorkf. between N. Cave and Beverley. Hunjianton , Norfolk, nearly S. of St. Ed- mund’s Cape, on the ftiore of the Wa/hes. It was, at nr/t, a royal tower only, built by St. Edmund, who retired to it for near a year, that he might get the book of Pfalms by heart. Hunjiernvorth , Durham, N. of Stanhope, has lead mines. Hunfon , Suffolk, N. of Wulpot. Hunjlon , Su/fex, between Appledrum and Pegham. Hun - Jlon, Suffcx, near Parkam. Hunf worth , York/hire, S. of Bradford. Hunter’s Town, a town of Penn- fyivania. Huntild , Suffolk, 4 miles W. of Halef- wortb. Huntingford, Glouc. in the pa- ri/h of Wotton under Edge. Hunting- ford , Glouc. in Berkeley parifh. * Huntingdon, called by the Saxons Hunter’s Down, the county town of Huntingdon/hire, has 2 churches, feveral good inns, a handfome maiket-place, and Z 4 a good H U R x good grammar fchool. It was once trery large, having 15 churches, which, in Camden’s time, were reduced to 4, and now to 2 j and it is Still a populous, trad- ing place. It is feated on the river Oui'e, over which it has a handfome, ftone bridge, leading to Godmanchefter, on the great N. road, 16 miles W. by N. of Cam- bridge, and 65 N. by W. of London. Markets on Monday and Saturday. Huntingdon, a town of Pennfylvania. Huntingdon shire, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the W. and N. by Nor- thamptonshire, on the NE. and E. by Cambridgeshire, and on the S. by a part of Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire. It extends 22 miles from N. to S. and about 18 from E. to W. The principal rivers are the Oufe and Nen. It is divided into 4 hundreds, which contain 5 market towns, 78 parishes, 279 villages, about S220 houfes, and upwards of 49,000 in- habitants. The borders of the Oufe, which flows acrofs the SE. part, conflft of fertile and very beautiful meadows. The middle and weftern parts are finely varied in their furface, fertile in corn, and Sprin- kled with woods. The whole upland part was, in ancient times, a foreft, peculiarly adapted for hunting, whence the name of the county took it’s rife. The NE. part confifts of fens, which join thofe of Ely; but they are drained, fo as to afford rich pafturage for cattle, and even large crops of corn j and, in the midft of them are Shal- low pools, abounding with fiSh. The largeft of thefe is a lake of confiderable Size, called Whiitlefea Mere. The air is good, ex- cept in the fenny parts, which are aguiSh. It’s chief commodities are corn, malt, and cheefe ; and they fatten abundance of cattle. Huntington , near Chefter. Huntington , Heref. S. of Kyneton, Huntington, Staf- fordf. near Cankwcod. Huntington , Yorkf. near Stockton Moor. Huntijham , Heref. near Rofs. Huntley , Gloucelterf. 5 miles NE. of Dean, and 7 from Gloucester. Huntley, Staff. NE. of Draycot. Hunton , Hants* E. of Andover. Hunton , Kent, SW. of Maidftone. Hunton , Yorkl*. near Constable Burton. Hunts Courts Gloucef. near Badgworth. Huntjham, Devonshire, SE of Bampton. Huntspil, SomerfetShire, afmall town feated at the mouth of the river Parret, 5 miles N. of Bridgewater. Huntworth , Somerf. near Bridgewater. Huntyton , Shropshire, near Wrekin Hill. Hunnxsick, Durham, on the Wear, near BiShop’s Auckland, has medicinal fprings. Hunnjuorth, Norfolk, S. of Holt. Hurdwar, a town of Delhi, in the HUS northern part, on the Himmaleh, near the W. coaft of the Ganges, on the borders of Thibet. It is 86 miles nearly N. of the city of Delhi. Lat. 29. 55. N. Ion. 78. 15- E. Hurlers , Cornw. a remarkable heap of Stones, SW. of Launcefton. Hurljlone , Cheshire, NW. of Namptwich. Hurley , Berks, on the Thames, 4 miles from Mai- denhead, in the Oxford road. Hurley , Warw. near KingSbury. Hurljlon Hally Lancashire, N. of OrmSkirk. Huron, a lake of North America, be- tween 80 and 85 deg. W. Ion. and 43 and 46 N. lat. It communicates with Lake Michigan by the Straits of Michillmacki- nac; with the Lake Superior by the Straits of St. Mary ; and with Lake Erie by the Straits of Detroit. It’s Shape is nearly triangular, and it’s circumference about 1000 miles. It contains many iflands and bays, and abounds in fiSh, particularly trout and Sturgeon. On it’s banks are found prodigious quantities of fand cherries. Hurry, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Rum- baldkirk. Hurfley , Hants, near Winches- ter. Hitrjl, Berks, near Twiford. Hurft> Kent, SE. of AShford. Hurjl , Gloucef. in Lidney parish. Hurjly Gloucefterf. in Slimbridge. Hurjl , Northumb. near New- biggin. Hurjl , Shropf. near Caufe Caftle. Hurjl, Suffex, near BurwaSh and Rother- bridge. Hurjl , Suffex, N. of Horfham. Hurjl , Warw. near Stonely Abbey. Hurst Castle, a caftle in Hants, not far from Lymington, ef ftone, built by Henry VIII. It is feated on the ex- treme point of a neck of land, which Shoots a mile and a half into the fea, towards the ISle of Wight, from which it is the Shorted distance, being only 2 miles. In this caftle Charles I. was confined previously to his being brought to trial. * Hurjl Green , Suflex. Hurjlmonceux , Suffex, among woods, between Hailfham and AShburnham. Hur - JloneJhay , Dorfetf. near Bridport. Hurjl Pierpoint , Suffex, NW. of Lewes, near Twineham. Hurjlzuood , Lancaf. 4 miles from Warrington. Hurton , Hants, NE. of Christchurch. Hurwortb , Durham, SE. of Darlington, by the Tees. Hus, a town of Moldavia, Situated on the Pruth, 70 miles SW. of Bender. Hujborn Prior , Hants, SW. of Whit- church. Hujborn 'Tarrant, Hants, N. of Andover. Hussingabad, a town of Hindooftan, in the province of Malwa, but on the S. Side of the river Nerbuddah, and on the frontiers of Nagpour, the eaftern division of the Mahratta empire. Some maps, however. / H Y D H Y T however, place it in the Candeilh country. It is 14.0 miles NW. of the city of Nag- pour, and 120 NE. of Burhampour. Lat. 22. 42. N. Ion. 77. 54. E. Hujfington Grange , Derbyfhire, NW. ©f Alhborn. Hujlhnvate , Yorklhire, N. ef Eafingwold. Husum, a lea-port of Slefwick, trading In beer, cattle, and horfes. It is fituated on the W. coaft, 18 miles W. of Slefwick. Hufwedon, Staff, in Chartley parilh. Hut ham , Yorkf. near North Cave. Hutb - nvat.e, Cumb. near Cockermouth, up the Derwent. Hutt , Lane. SE. of Liverpool. Hutton, a town of Berwicklhire, 5 miles W. of Berwick. Hutton , Cumb. near Helket Newmarket. Hutton , Effex, near Brentwood. Hutton , Lancaf. near Langton Chapel. Hutton , Lane. E. of the Ken Sands. Hut/on, So- merf. NW. of Axbridge. Hutton , Yorkf. SW. of Gilborough. Hutton , Yorkf. N. of Kirk by Morefide. Hutton Bonnjile, Yorkf. near Northallerton. Hutton Bujhel , Yorkf. near Scarborough. Hutton Cony ers f Yorkf. near the Wilk, NW. of Northal- lerton. Hutton Cranfwick, Yorkf. NW. of Frodlingham. Hutton Hall , Cumb. rear the river Caude and Rofe Caftle. Hutton in the Hay , Weftm. W. of Kirkby Lonfdale. Hutton Henry , Durh. NW. of Hartlepool. Hutton John , Cumberl. in Gray dock parilh. Hutton Juxta Rudby , Yorkf. S. of Yarum. Hutton Long Vil- liers, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Greata- bridge. Hutton Managers , Yorkf. NE. ol Boroughbridge. Hutton Mary, Dorfetf. near Sturminfter Newton. Hutton , Old and Ne magazine, to put merchandife in. It is 9 miles in length and 6 in breadth, aid contains 1,000,000 inhabitants. A fire happened in 165S, which, in the fpace of 48 hours, burnt down 100,000 houfes, and in which a great number of the inha- bitants perifhed. The emperor’s palace was reduced to afhes ; but the whole is re- built. The royal palace is in the middle of the town, and is defended by walls, ditches, towers, and baftions. Where the emperor refides, are three towers, nine ftories high, eat 1 covered with plates of goldj and the hall of audience is fupport- td by pillars of m a fly gold. Near the pa- lace are feveral others, where the relations ©f the emperor live. The eropi i* has a palace of her own, and there arc 2^ imall ones for the concubines. Befides, all the vaflal kings have each a palace in the city, with a handlome garden, and {tables for 2000 hories. 'The generality of the houfes are nothing but a ground floor, and therooms are parted by folding fereens: fo that they can make the rooms larger or fmaller at plealure. Jeddo is well-forti- fied, and is feate^ in a plain, at the bot- tom of an extenfivc gulf or bay j and the river, which erodes it, is divided into fe- veral canals, Lat, 35. 46- N. Jon. 139. 30. E, J E R Jehud, or Joud, mountains in the NW. part of Hindooftan Proper, extend- ing from Attock, eaftward to Be tuber. They are part of the territory of the moun- taineers, called Gickers, Gekers, or Ka- kaers. Jekyl, a fmali ifland at the mouth of the river Alatamaha, in Georgia, North America. Jemapte. See Gemappe. Jemington, Sufiex, W. of Pevenfey. Jempter'land. See Jamtland. Jen a, a town in Ei/enach, in Upper Saxony, with a univerfity, near the Saale. Jenaub. See Chunaub. Jenisa. See Yenisei. Jeniskoi. See Yeniseisk. Jenkins , Effex, near Dagenham, Jen- kins, EfTex, N. of Tilbury. Jeno, cr Geno, a town of Hungary? 20 miles S. of Great Waradin. Jerby, an ancient town of Cumber- land, E. of the road between Cocker- mouth and Wig-ton, and near the fource of the river Elen. It is 10 miles NE„ of Cockermouth, and 299 NNW. of Lorn don. Market on Thurfday. Jerby , Chefhire, between the Dee anti Merfey. Jeremie, or Grand Anse, a well- built town of the Ifland of St. Domingo* fituated on an eminence, in a foil fertile in fugar, indigo, coffee, cotton, and co- coa, 5 miles W. of St. Domingo, Lat, 18. 18. k Ion. 70. 14. W. Jericho, an ancient town of Paleftine, celebrated formerly for the great number of palm trees growing near it, and there- fore called the City of Palm Trees. At prefent, it is only a fquare tower, fur- rounded with huts or tents of the Ara- bians. Many palm-trees are yet growing here. Jermah, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fezzan, faid to confift of clay-built cottages, among the mod mu* jeftic ruins of ancient magnificence. Jerpoint , in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Jersey, an ifland in the Englifh Chan- nel, about 18 miles from the coart of the dept, of the Channel, and 84 S. of Port- land in Dorfetfhire, fubjedt to the Englifh. It is about 12 miles long and 6 broad, and is difficult of accefs, on account of the rocks and lands. It contains 12 parifbes : the principal towns are St. Helier, in the S. part of the ifland, and St. Aubin. It lies extremely well for trade. It is well watered with rivulets, and is well flecked with fruit-trees. They have a noted ma- nufaclure for woolKn (lockings and caps. The civil government is intruded to a bai - A a lift J E R tiff and 12 jurats, under a governor ap- pointed by the crown. Round towers have been erefted on all the accedible parts of the coad, fince the year 1781. when a body of French, under the Baton de Rullecourt, effeft^d a landing, but were all either killed, wounded, or taken pri- soners. Lat. 49. 11. N. Ion. 2. 10. W. Jersey, New, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the E. by Hudfon’s River and the Atlantic Ocean ; on the S. by the Atlantic, and the Bay of Delaware; on the W. by Pennfylvania and the date of Delaware, from both which it is feparated by the river of that name; and on the N. by a line drawn from the mouth of Mahakkam.ik River, in lat. 41. 24. to a point in Hudfon’s River, in lat. 41. It is about 16 1 miles long and 52 broad. It is divided into 13 counties. It’s produce is much the fame as that of the neighbouring dates. The principal towns are Burlington, Amboy, Brunfwick, and Trenton. Jer-veux Abbey, Yorkf. NW. of Ma- fham. Jervis Hall, Eflex, SW. of Ray- leigh. Jervijlovon, in Clare, Munfter. Jer- kin's c To r wn , in Kildare, Leinder, near Naas, 16 miles from Dublin. Jerusalem, an ahcient and celebrated city of Alia, formerly capital of the king- doms oflfrael and Judah, after David had conquered the Jebufites. It was taken by Nebuchadnezzar, in the eleventh year of the reign of Zedekiah, and the Jews were led captive to Babylon. It was af- terwards taken by the Romans, and ruin- ed, together with the temple, 70 years after the birth of Chrift, being one of the mod remarkable lieges in hidory. The emperor Adrian built a new city, near the ruins of ancient' Jerufalem. It was taken by the Perfians in 614, and by the Sara- cens in 636. In 1099 it was retaken by the Crufaders, who founded a new king- dom, which laded near 88 years, under 5 Latin kings, and 8 patriarchs in the church. Saladin, king of Egypt and Sy- ria, obtained podedion ofitin U87. The Turks drove away the Saracens in 1217, have kept pofieflion of it ever fince, and call it Heleods, that is, the Holy City. It is now inhabited by Turks, Arabs, Jews, and Chridians. It dands on a high rock, with deep afeents upon every fide, except to the N. It is almod furrounded with valleys encompafled with mountains, fo that it Items to dand in the middle of an amphitheatre. It is about 3 miles in cir- cumference, and includes Mount Calvary, I G I which w Dorfetfhire, near Piddleton. I'lsley, East, a town of Berks, feat- ed in a pleafant valley, between two hills, and excellent downs for feeding (beep, 14 miles NW. of Reading, and 53 W. of London. Market on Wednefday. Ilst, a town of W. Friefland, fituated on or near the river Weymar, 5 miles SE. of Bolfwaert. Ilstadt, a town of Bavaria, near PafTau. llton , Devonf. on a creek, near Kingf- bridge. llton , and it’s Park , Somerl’etf. NW. of Ilminfter. Intber , Wilts, near Warminfter. lmberburn, Suffex, near E. Grinftead. Imeritia, or more properly Imiret- Ta, a country of Afia, between the Black I M E Sea and the Cafpian ; bounded on the S. by Georgia; on the W. by Mingrelia : on the N. by Offetia; and on the E. by the Perfian dominions. This country, properly fpeaking, is a part of Georgia. The late fovereign, the Czar Solomon, having forbidden the fcandaloos traffic of the noblemen in their peafunts, offended the Turks fo much, that he was driven from his throne, and compelled to live like a wild man, for 16 years, in the woods and caverns ot the mountains, till the Ruffians reinftated him in his dominions. The re- venues arife from a contribution of the peaiants in wine, grain, and cattle, and from the tribute of the neighbouring prin- ces. Among the extraordinary fources of revenue, confifcaticns have a confiderable (hare ; but all this is infufficient for the fubfilfence of the prince, he ufually travels from houfe to houfe, and is entertained by his vaffals, never changing his quarters* while they have the means of accommo- dating him. It will, of courfe, be un- dertlood, that the court of Imeritia is not remarkable for fplendor, nor the prince’s table fumptuoufly ferved. His ulual fare confilts of gom, (a fpecies of millet, ground and boiled into a palte) a piece of roafted meat, and fome prefled caviar. Thefe he eats with his fingers; forks and fpoons being unknown in this country. At ta- ble he is frequently employed in judging caufes, which he decides at his diferetion, there being no law but his own will. He ufually wears a coarfe drefs, of a brown colour, with a mufket upon his fhoulderj but, upon folemn occafions, he puts on a robe of rich gold brocade, and bangs round his neck a filver chain. He is diftinguifh- ed from his fubje&s, by riding upon an afs, and by wearing boots. His civil or- dinances are iffued weekly, on the mar- ket day, by one of his fervants, who afeends a tree, and with a loud voice pro- claims the edi£I, which is communicated to the people, by each perfon, upon his return to the place of his abode. The in- habitants, eflimated at about 20,000 fa- milies, are fcattered over the country in fmall hamlets. They are lefs mixed with foreigners, and are accounted hand Conner than the other Georgians. They are like- wile more induftrious : they fend yearty confiderable quantities of wine to the neighbouring parts of Georgia, in lea- thern bags, carried by horfes ; but they are without manufaftures, very poor and miferable, and cruelly oppreffed by their landlords. The Imeritians are of the Gieek religion ; but their patriarch, who I N D is generally of the royal family, can fel- dom read or write. Cutais is the capital ef the prefent prince, the Czar David. lmley > Northamptonf. S. ofBrackley. Immenstadt, a town of Koniglegg, in Sviabia. Itnmingham , Lincoln/h. near the coaft, NW. of Grimfby. Imola, a town of Romagna, in Italy. lnipingtC7i , 3 miles N. of Cambridge. Ince, Chefhiie, z miles from Frodftiain. Inez, Lancaftiire, near Wigan. Ince, Lancafliire, near Altmouth. Jnchcolm, a fmall ifland in the Frith of Forth, near the coaft: of Fife, but with- in the county of Edinburgh. Here are the fine ruins of a once celebrated monaf- terv, founded, in 1123, by Alexander I. in gratitude for his efcape, when driven on the ifland in a violent tempeft, where he was hofpitably treated, for three days, by a hermit, who entertained him with the milk of his cow, and a few fhell- fifh . It was of the order ot St. Auguftine, and dedicated to St. Columba. At prefent, fome fowls that haunt the ancient tower, and the rabbits that lodge in the mould- ering foil, have full poffeflion of this neg- le&ed fpot. Ifichequm, or O' Ruin's Ifland, in Cork, Munfter, SW. of Youghal. Inchigeelagh , in Cork, Munfter. It is a fmall village, fituated in the mid ft of mountains, near the Lakes, or Loughs Allua and Gougan- barra, 6 miles SW. of Macroomp, and 148 from Dublin. Inch , IJle, or Inis Cur- cey, is properly a peninl’ula, in Down, Uifter, 74 miles from Dublin. Inchkeith, a defolate little ifland, ©f Edinburghfhire, in the Frith of Forth, ly- ing midway between the two ports of Leith and Kinghorn. Here is a ruinous fort. The (hores of both this ifland and and Inchcolm are bold and rugged, exhi- biting feveral deep caverns, flielving cliff's, and towering rocks. It is about a mile long; and on the W. fide are vaft ftrara of coral and (hells. Here was formerly a chapel, dedicated to St. Marnock, the ruins of which are ftill to be feen here. It has 120 acres of arable land, 40 of brufli-wood, and near 300 of moor. Inchmarnock, a beautiful ifland, SW. of the Hie of Bute, on the W. coaft of Scotland. Inden Hotun, a town of Chinefe Tartary, the capital of the Mantcheou Tartars, where they began to eftablifh their empire over China. It is 420 miles ENE. of Pekin. India, an extenfive region in Afia, which lies between 66 and 108 deg, E. I N D Ion. and % and 36 deg. N. lat. Under this name is genera!!/ underftood all the coun- tries which lie S. of Tartary, and extend from the eaftern frontiers of Perfia to the weftern coafts of China, divided into India within, and India without, the Ganges. The moderns have li^ewife included, un- der the denomination of the Eaft Indies, the iflands of Japan, with all the iflands in the Eaftern and Indian Oceans, nearly as far as New Holland and New Guinea. But the name of India is mod frequently applied to that country only, which is dif- tinguiftied in Afia, as well as in Europe, by the name of Hindooftan. See Hin- doostan. Indiana, a t raff of country, fituated on the Ohioj in the ftate of Virginia. Indies, West, the name given to a great number of iflands in the Atlantic Ocean, which extend from the NW. ex- tremity of the Bahama Iflands, off the coaft of Florida, in lat. 27. 45. N. in a fouth-eafterly dire&ion, to the Ifland of Tobago, which is 120 miles from the coaft of Terra Firma, in 1 1 deg. 30 min. N. lat. They lie between 59 and 86 deg. W. Ion. Cuba being the moft weftern, and Barbadoes the moft eaftern of all thefe iflands. When Chriftopher Colurqbus dis- covered them, in 1492, heconfidered them as part of thofe vaft. regions in Afia, com- prehended under the general name of In- dia, to reach which, by a courfe due W. acrofs the Atlantic Ocean, had been the grand objeft of his voyage; and this opi- nion was fo general, that Ferdinand and Ifabella, king and queen of Caftile, in their ratification of their agreement, granted to Columbus, upon his return, gave them alfo the name of Indies. Even after the error, which gave rile to this opinion, vyas de- te&ed, and the true pofition of the New World was afeertained, the name has re- mained, and the appellation of the IVtJf Indies is (fill given to thele iflands, and that of Indians to the inhabitants, not on- ly of the iflands, but of the two continents of America. They are likewife called the Caribbee Iflands, from the aborigines of the country, and the fea in which they lie, is fometimes called, by modern geo- graphers, the Archipelago of tj^e Carib- bees. By the French, they are called the Greater and Lefs Antilles; the Greater comprehending Cuba, St. Domingo, Ja- maica, and Ptrto Rico; and the Lefs, Aruba, Cura^^a, Bonair, Margaretta, and fome other*, near the coaft of Terra Firma. Foreign geographers, however, are not agreed as to the meaning or ap- plication of the word, fome applying it A a 3 to I N D the Caribbee Ifiands in general. Nautical men diftinguifh them, from the different courfes taken by (hips, into the Leeward and Windward Iflands. The name of the Caribbees fiiould properly be confined to thp finaller ifiands, which lie betvyeen Porto Rico and Tobago. Thefe were in- habited by the Caribbees, a hardy race of men, nowife refembiing their feeble ancf timid neighbours in the larger ifiands. Even in later times, they have made a ftout refifiance in defence of the laft territory (the Eland of St. Vincent) which the ra- pacity of t their invaders had left in their poffefiion. The reader will find molt of thefe ifiands treated of feparately. Indians of North and South Ame- rica, the original natives of thefe two vaft continents. Of the manners of the North American Indians, the reader may have a general idea, by an accoqnt of thole who inhabit the countries to tne E. of the river Miffifiippi. Thefeconfift of 28 different na- tions ; the principal of which are the Che- roktes, the Chicafaws, the Choftaws, the Creeks, the Delawares; the Six Nations, the Shawanefe, the Hurons, the Illinois,, &c. Allowing about 700 to a nation, or tribe, the.y will contain, in all, 20,000 peo- ple. The Indians are not born white; and take a great deal of pains to darken their complexion, by anointing themfelves with greale, and lying in the lun. They alfo paint their face, breads, and (houlders of various colours, but generally red ; and their features are neat, efpecially thofe of the women. They are of a middle ftature, their limbs clean and ftraight, and fcarce- ]y any crooked or deformed perfon is to be found among them. In mayiy parts of their bodies they tattoo themfelves, or prick in gunpowderon rbefkin in very pretty figures. Some fhave, or pluck the hair off their beads, except a patch about the crown, which is ornamented with beautiful fea- thers, beads, wampum, and fuch like bau- bles: and except the head and eyebrows, they pluck the hair with great diligence, from all parts of the body. Their ears are pared and ftretched in a thong down to their fhoulders. They are wound round with wire, to expand them, and adorned with filver pendants, rings, and bells, which they likewife wear in their nofes. Some of them will have a large feather through the cartilage of the nofe ; and thofe who can afford it, wear a collar of wampum, a filver breaftplate, and brace- lets on the arms and wrifts. A bit of cloth about the middle, a thirt of the Eng- iifii make, on which they beftow innu- merable broaches to adorn it, a fort of IN D cloth boot and mockafoons, which are fhoes of a make peculiar to the Indians, orna- mented with porcupine quills, with a blan- ket or match coat thrown over all, com- plete their drefs at home; but when they go on expeditions, they leave their trinkets behind, and mere neceffaries ferve them. There is little difference between the drefs of the men and women, excepting that a ffiort petticoat, and the hair, which is ex- ceeding black and long, clubbed behind, diftinguifh fome of the latter. They are fuch expert markimen, that they will kill birds flying, filhes fwimming, and wild beads running. They are very intelli- gent people, quick of apprehenfion, ludden in execution, lubtle in bufinefs, exquifite in invention, and induftrious in a6lion. They are of a very gentle and amiable dif- pofition to thofe they think, their friends, but as implacable in their enmity ; their revenge being only completed by the entire definition of their enemies. They are very hardy, bearing heat, cold, hunger, and third, in a furprifing manner; and yet no people are more addi&ed to excels in eating and drinking, when it is conveni- ently in their power. The follies, nay mifehief, they commit, when inebriated, are entirely laid to the liquor; and no one will revenge any injury (murder excepted) received from one who is no more himfelf. Among the Indians all men are equal, perfonal qualities being moft efteemed. No difiintion of birth, no rank, renders any man capable of doing prejudice to the rights of private per dons ; and there is no pre eminence from merit, which begets pride, and which makes others toofenfible of their own inferiority, Though there is perhaps lefs delicacy of fentiment in the Indians than among us, there is, however, abundantly more probity, with far lefs ce- remony, or equivocal compliments. Their public conferences {hew them to be men of genius; and they have, in a high degree, the talent of natural, or unftudied elo- quence. They live difperfed in lmall vil- lages, either in the woods, or on the banks of rivers, where they have little planta- tions of Indian corn and roots, not enough to fupply their families half the year; and fubfift the remainder of it by hunting, fifiiing, and fowling, and the fruits of the earth, which grow lpontaneoufly in great plenty. Their huts are generally built of lmall logs, and covered with bark, each one having a chimney, and a door, on which they place a padlock. One of their towns, called Old Chelicothe, is built in form of a Kentucky fiation; that is, a parallelogram, or long fquare ; and fome I N D of their houfes are ffiingkd. A long coun- cil-houfe extends the whole length of the town, where the chiefs of the nation fre- quently meet and confult'of all matters of importance. Some huts are built by let- ting up a frame on forks, and placing bark againft it ; others of reeds, and fur- rounded with clay. The fire is in the mid- dle of the wigwam, and the fmoke pafles* through a little hole. They join reeds to- gether by cords run through them, which ferve them for tables and beds. They moftly lie upon Ikins of wild beads, and fit on the ground. They have brafs ket- tles and pots to boil their food. Gourds or calabafhes, cut afander, ferve them for pails, cups, and difiles. The accounts of travellers, concerning their religion, are various. All agree, that they acknow- ledge one Supreme God. They adore the • Great Sprit, and believe that his care is extended over them ; and, that, * he puts good into their hearts.’ They alfo be- lieve in a future (late; that after death they fhall be removed to their friends, who have gone before them, to an elyfium, or paradife. The Wyandotts, near Detroit, and fome others, have embraced the Ro- mifh faith, introduced among them by miflionaries. The Shawanefe, Cherokees, Ciiicalaws, and fome others, are little con- cerned about religion. They have their fellivals, and other rejoicing days, on which they dance and fing in a ring, taking hands, having fo painted and difguifed themfelves, that it is difficult to know any of them; and after enjoying this di- verfion for a while, they retire to the place where they have prepared a feaft of fifii, flcfi), fowls, and fruits; to which all are invited, and entertained with their country fongs. They believe that there is great virtue in feafts for the fick. For this purpofe, a young buck muft be killed, and boiled, the friends and near neigh- bours of the patient invited, and having firft thrown tobacco on the fire, and cover- ed it up clofe, they all fit down in a ring, and raife a lamentable cry. They then uncover the fire, and kindle it up; and the head of the buck is firft fent about, every one taking a bit, and giving a loud croak, in imitation of crows. They af- terward proceed to eat all the buck, mak- ing a rnoft harmonious, melancholy long; in which ltrain their mufic is particularly excellent. As they approach their towns, when fome of thei^ people are loft in war, they make great lamentations for their dead ; and their cries of woe are anfwered by thofe within. They bear their de- ified friends long in remembrance, often I N D vifit their graves, and even deck out their putrid remains with their beft fkins and other finery. Some nations abhor adulte- ry, do not approve of a plurality of wives, and are not guilty of theft; but there are other, tribes that are not fo fcrupulous. Among the Chicalawsj a hufband may cut off the nofe of his wife, if guilty of adultery; but men are allowed greater li- berty. This nation defpifes a thief. Among the Cherokees they cut off the nofes and ears of an adultrefs ; afterward her h uft) and gives her a difcharge. Their form of marriage is ffiort : the man, be- fore witneffes, gives the bride a deer’s foot, and file, in return, prefents him with an ear of corn, as emblems of their feveral duties. The women are very flaves, in many inftances, to the men ; in others, they are upon an equal footing, deliberat- ing in the public affemblies, and, in private life, enjoying the privilege ©f declaring their affefiion, or paying their addreffes to thofe they love. They are charged with being revengeful ; but this revenge is fel- dom executed, but in cafes of murder and adultery; and indeed, the murderer is ge- nerally delivered up to the friends of the deceafed, to do as they pleatfe. When one kills another, the deceafed’s friend kills him, and fo they continue avenging one another’s death till much blood is filed ; and at laft the quarrel is ended by mutual prefents. Sometimes a chief, when of- fended, breaks off with a party, fettles at fome diftance, and then commences hofti- liries againft his own people. When they take captives in war, they are exceedingly cruel, treating the unhappy prifoners in fuch a manner, that death would be pre- ferable to life. They afterward give them plenty of food, load them with burdens, and when they arrive at their towns, they muft run the gauntlet. In this, they ex- ercife lb much cruelty, that one would think it impoffible they ftiould furvive their fuffcrings. Many are killed ; but if one outlives this trial, he is adopted into a family as a fon, and treated with paternal kindnef’s ; and if he avoids their fufpicions of going away, he is allowed the fame privileges as their own people. But fometimes their prifoners are deftined to be tortured to death, in order to fatiate the revenge of their conquerors. While their lot is in fufpenfe, the prifoners them- felves appear altogether unconcerned about what may befal them. They talk, they eat, they fleep, as if there were no danger impending: when the fatal fentertce is in- timated to them, they receive it with an unaltered countenance, raife their death- Aa-j. fong, I N D long, and prepare tofuffer like men. The victors aflemble as to a folemn feftival, refolved ro put the fortitude of the cap- tives to the utmoft proof. A fcene en- fues, the bare defcription of which is enough to chill the heart with horror. The pri loners are tied naked to a flake, but fo as to be at liberty to move rounds it. All prefent, men, women, and child- ren, fall upon theVt with knives and other inftruments; and fuch is their cruel inge- nuity in tortu ing, that, by avoiding to touch the vital part, they often prolong the fcene of anguifh for feveral days. In fpite of all their fufferings, the vi6iims continue to chant their death long with a firm voice, they boaft of their own ex- ploits, they infult their tormentors for their want of Ikill to avenge the death of their friends and relations, they warn them of the vengeance that awaits them on ac- count of what they are now doing, and ex- cite their ferocity by the moft provoking reproaches and threats. To difplay un- daunted fortitude in fuch dreadful litua- tions, is the nobleft triumph of a warrior: to avoid the trial by a voluntary death, or to flu ink under it, is deemed coward ly and infamous. If any one betray fymptoms cf timidity, his tormentors often difpatch him at once, with contempt, as unworthy of being treated like a man. Animated by tjioie ideas, they endure, without a groan, what it feems almofl impoflible that hu- man n.ture fhould fuftain. Weary, at length, with contending with men, whole conflancy they cannGt vanquilh, fome chief puts a period to their fufferings, by dif- patching them with his dagger or his club. The people of S. America gratify their revenge in a manner fomewhat different, but with the fame unrelenting rancour. Their prifoners, after meeting, at their jfirft: entrance, with the fame rough recep- tion as among the N. Americans, are not only exempt from injury, but treated with the greatefl apparent kindnefs, feaffed and cartfled. But, by a refinement of cru- elty, while they feem ftudious to attach their captives to life, their doom is irre- vocably fixed. On an appointed day, the victorious tribe aflembles, the prifoner is brought forth with great folemnity, he meets his lot with undaunted firmnel's, and is difpatched with a fingle blow. The mo- ment he falls, the women feize the body, and drefs it for the feaft. They.bei'mear their children with tluf blood, in order to kindle in their bofoms a hatred of their enemies, and all join in feeding upon the Belli with amazing greedinefs and exuka- I N D tion. Wherever this practice prevails, captives never efcape death; but they are not tortured with the fame cruelty as among tribes which are lefs accuftomed to fuch horrid feafts. The Indians of S. America, immediately under the Spanilh government, although the moft depreffed order of men in the country which belong- ed to their anceftors, are now far from being treated with that rigour and cruelty which was laid to the charge of the firft conquerors of that continent. They are no longer confidered as (laves : on the con- trary, they are reputed as freemen, and entitled to the privileges of fubjects. A certain tax, or tribute, is indeed impofed upon them, and certain fervices required; but thefe are all under the due regulations of policy and humanity. The Indians who live in the principal towns, are en- tirely fubjeft to the Spanifh laws and ma- giftrates ; but, in their own villages, they are governed by caciques, fome of whom are the defendants of their ancient lords ; others are named by the Spanifti viceroys. Thefe regulate the petty affairs of the people under them, according to maxims of juftice, tranfmitted to them by tradition from their anceftors. To the Indians, this jurifdi&ion lodged in fuch friendly hands, affords fome confolation ; and fo little formidable is this dignity to their new ntafters, that they often allow it to defend by hereditary right. For the far- ther relief of men l'o much expofed to op- preflion, the Spanilh court has appointed an officer in every diftrfl, with the title of Prote&or of the Indians. It is his duty, as the name implies, to affert the rights of the Indians ; to appear as their defender in the courts of juftice ; and to fet bounds to the enroachments and exaflions of his countrymen. A portion of the annual tribute is deftined for the falaries of the caciques and prote&ors ; another part is appropriated to the payment of their tri- bute in years of famine, or when a parti- cular diftrift is affii&ed by any extraordi- nary local calamity. Provilion too is made, by various laws, that hofpitals fhculd be founded in every new fettlement, for the reception of Indians. Such hofpi- tals have accordingly been erected, both for the indigent and infirm, in Lima, Cul- ' co, and Mexico, where the Indians are treated with tendernefs and humanity. See Eskimaux, 1 ndies, West, Pata- gonia, and St. Vincent’s. Indore, a modern city cf Hindoortan, capital of a territory in the piovinceof Malwa, fubjeft to one of the Poonah Mahratta I N G Mahratta chiefs. It is 30 miries S. of Ongien, and 290 SSW. of Agra. Lit. 22. 56. N. Ion. 76. 11. E. Indr a pore, a town and factory of the Dutch, on the weftein coaft of Sumatra. Ii is 100 miles NW. of Bencoolen. Indre, a department of France, bound- ed by that of Cher on the E. and Vienne on the W. It has it’s name from a river, which rifts in the dept, of the Creufe, and paffing through this department, and that of Indre and Loire, by the towns of Sr. Severe, Chateauroux, Chatillon, Loches, Connery, &c. falls into the Loire below Chinon, or at Rigny, between Saumur and 'Tours. Chateauroux is the capital. Indre and Lctire, a department of France, lying to the NW. of the dept, of Indre. Tours is the capital. Indus, a great river of Hindooflan, called by the natives Sinde, or Sindeh. It is formed of about ten principal dreams, which defcend from the Perfian and Tar- tarian mountains j but, according to Major Rennell, the fources of thefe dreams mud be far more remote than the fides of thefe mountains. From the city of Attock, in about l'at. 32. 27. downward to Mcuhan, to the conflux of the Jenaub, or Chunaub, it is commonly named the river of Attock. Below the city of Moultan, it proceeds, in a SW. dire6tion, through the province of that name, and that of Sinde, enters the Wedern Indian Ocean by feveral mouths, NW. of the Gulf of Cutch. It is a fine, deep, and navigable river, for vefiels of any burden ; the different branches are alio mod of them navigable to a great ex- tent : it’s mouth, however, is fo choked up with land, that no fhip can enter it. Indywell, Eflex, NE. of Tilbury Fort. Ingham , Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Ingarfhy , Leicef. near Bilfdon. Ingate, Suffolk, near Beccles. # Ingatestone, a town in Eflex, on the road from London to Harwich. It confids of one ftreet, and is 6 miles SW. of Chelmsford, and 23 NE. of London. Market on Wednefday. lngburchworth, Yorkf. W. of Barnefley. Inge, Upper and Lower, Warw. N. of Stratford upon Avon. Inge Abbot and Hofpital , Eflex, both SE. of Chelmsford. Inge , Margaret , Eflex, SW. of Chelms- ford. Inge, Mountney , Eflex, near Bille- ricay. Ingelheim Oder and Ingelheim Nider, two neighbouring towns in the palatinate of the Rhine, circle of Lower Rhine. The former is fituated on the Selz, 12 miles W. of Mcntz. bigerley , Devonf. S. of Hatherley. In - I N G gerthorp. Yorkf. S. of Rippon. Ingejlre , 2 miles NE. of Stafford. Ingha?n , Line. SW. of Market Raifin. Ingham Norfolk, near Hickling. Ingham, Suffolk, N. of Bury. Ingleborne , Devonf. in Harburton parifh. Ingle boro w Hill, Yorkfhire, near Ingleton. Ingleby , on the Soar, S. of Derby. Ingleby , NW. of Lincoln. In- gleby Arncliff, Ingleby Bar wick, Ingleby Greenhow . and Ingleby Manors, Ycrkf. all SE, of Stokefiey. Inglefcomb . SomeiT. SW. of Bath. Inglejham , Berk’s, W. of Faringdcn. Inglejham, Wilts, S. of Lech- lade. Inglejfhorp , Noi l. W. of Shanburn. Ingleton , Durham, E. of Raby Caflle. Ingleton, Heref. near the Froomes. In- gleton, Yorkf. W. Riding, 8 miles NW. of Settle. Inglewhile , Lane. Ingmanihorp % Yorkf. NE. of Wetherby, lngo, North- umb. between Chollerton and Stannington. Ingoldmels. Line. N. of Wainfleet. In - goldmels Tkidtborp, SW. of Ingoldmels. Ingoi dstadt, a flrong town of Bava- ria, with a univerfity, founded in 1472. It was befieged, in 1632, by Guflavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, without fuc- cefs. It is feated on the Danube, in the midfl of a morafs, 5 miles NE. of New- berg, and 38 N. by W. of Munich. Lat. 48. 46. N. Ion. 11. 10. E. Ingram , Northumb. W. of Alnwick. Ingria, a province of the Ruffian em- pire, which now forms the government of of St. Peterfburgh. It is bounded on 'the N. by the river Neva and the Gulf of Finland, on the E. and S. by the govern- ment of Novogorod and that of Plefkow, and on the W. by the Gulf of Finland and the governments of EAhonia and Riga. It is about 130 miles long and 50 broad. The Czar Peter the Great wrefled it from the Swedes, and it was confirmed to him by the treaty of Nydadt, in 1721. At that time, the inhabitants of the flat country were a Finnifh people, but little different from the Fins of Carelia, as to their language and manners. They were called Ilchortzi, from the river Ifchora, which runs into the Neva. Ingria did not retain it’s ancient Swedifh privileges $ on the contrary, Peter made a prefent of one part of the Ifchortzi to certain Ruffian nobles j who, on their fide, were obliged to people the lefs cultivated cantons of In- gria, with colonies of Ruffiaps from their eflates ; and thence it is, that we often lee a village of Ruffians furrounded by villages of Finns. Before the conquefl of this coun- try, the Ingrians had Lutheran preachers for every canton j but numbers of them have fince conformed to the profeflion of the Greek faith. The country abounds with I N N with various wild animals, particularly rein deer. Jugs, We dm. 5 miles NW. of Kendal. bigft, GIouc. a hamlet in Olvefton parifli. Ingthorp, Rutland, in Tinwell parifli, Ingush*. See Kisti. Ingnnorth , Norfolk, W. of Alefham. * Inistioge, a town of Kilkenny, in Leinfler, 63 miles from Dublin. lnltbarrcvo, Worcef. W. of Aulcefler. hikerfell , Derby!', near Bolfover. Inkpen , Berks, near Newbury, lukjlip , Lane. S. of Ga;dang. Inkjlone , Herefordf. on the Wye, N. of Rofs. Inn, a river of Germany, which rifes in the country of the Grilons, about iz miles SW. of Zuls, runs, in a NE. courfe, through Tyrol and Bavaria, (palling by Infpruck, Ratenburg, KufFftein, Branau, and other towns) and falls into the Danube near Pa flaw. Alfo a river or the archduchy of Auftria, which runs into the Danube near Efferding. Innaconda, a fortrefs of Hindooftan, in the Guntoor Circar, fubjeft to the Ni- zam of the Deccan. It is 87 miles SSE. of Kydrabad. lnnerkeitbing, a village of the county of Peebles, on the N. fide of the river Tweed, near which is an excellent medicinal fpring, riling into celebrity. lunifbojin , an i (land on the W. coaft of Mayo, Connaught, 3 leagues from the main land. Innijcarra , in Cork, Munfter. Innifdoghran , an ifland in Lough Ree, in the river Shannon, between Well Meath and Rofcommon. Innisf alien, an ifland in the Lake of Killarney, containing about iz acres, agreeably wooded. Innishannon, a town of Cork, in Munfter, feated on the river Bandon, (which is navigable to Collier’s Quay, half a mile below the town) 6 miles from Kinfale, and 134. from Dublin. The linen ma- nufafture has commenced here. Innijbirkan , an ifland, between Cape Clear Ifland and Baltimore Bay, in Cork, Munfter. Innijkeane , in Cork, Munfter, 144 miles from Dublin. It is a fmall vil- lage, with a good weekly market. Inniskerry, an ifland near the coaft of the county of Clare, a little to the N. of Punmore Bay. Inniskilling. See Enniskillen. Innijlounagh , in Waterford, Munfter. Tunis Murra ljland, off the coaft of Sligo, in Connaught. Innijlory , i. e. "The Higb ljland, 8 miles from the NW. coaft of Donegal, Uifter. Innijlurk, an ifland, contiguous to that ol Innis Clare, at the entrance of Clew Bay, on the coaft of I N V Mayo, Connaught, lnnijlymond, in Clare, Munfter, 118 miles from Dublin. Innthal, a diftrift' of Tirol, watered by the Inn. Infpruck is the capital. Inny River, in Kerry, Munfter. Inowiladislow, or Inowloczaw, a town of Wladiflaw, in Poland. Inspruck, a town of Germany, capi- tal of the Tyrolefe. It is very populous, and though not large within the walls, has extenflve fuburbs, in which are fome con- fiderable palaces, churches, and convents. It is ieated in a pleafant valley, on the ri- ver Inn, 60 miles S. of Munich. Lat. 47. 10. N. l&n. 11. 27. E. Instadt. See Passau. Injlovj, Devoiif. near Biddeford, at the conflux of the Taw and Towridge. Inf- vjork, Devonf. a peninfula at Milbrook Town fend. Intvjood, S. ot Norwich. Inver, in Donegal, Uifter. * Inverary, a town in Argylefliire, containing upwards of 1800 inhabitants. Here are manufaftures of linen and wool- len, ?s alfo confiderable works for fmelt- ing iron by means of charcoal. One fhip belonging to the town is engaged in fo- reign trade, and about half a dozen arc employed in imports of meal, coals, mer- chant’s goods, & c. exporting wool, tim- ber, and oak bark. It is ieated on the NYV, fide of Loch Fyne, near which is a caflle, the feat of the Duke of Argyle, 75 miles NW. of Edinburgh, and 45 NW. of Glafgow. Inverbervie. See Bervie. Inverejk , a village of Edinburghfhire, feated on the E. fide of the mouth of the river Efk, near the Frith of Forth, 4 miles E. of Edinburgh. *lNVERKEiTHiNG,a town of Fifefhire, fituated in a bay of the Frith of Forth, 18 miles NW. of Edinburgh. Before the entrance of the harbour, there is a large and fafe bay, which affords excellent fliel- ter for (hips in all winds. On the W . fide of the harbour is a large, Dutch-built veflel, ufed as a lazaretto. Here are two commodious quays, for the landing and receiving of goods } and great improve- ments have been lately made to accommo- date the (hipping ftill further. Several fliips belong to this place, hut none of any confiderable burden. Some.of them fail to foreign parts, and the reft are chiefly em- ployed in the coal and coafting trade. Sometimes, between 40 and 50 vdfels wait here for coals, efpecially in the winter feafon. ^Inverness, a populous, flourifhing town, of Scotland, capital of a county ot the I N V the fame name, pleafantly fituated on the S. bank of the river Nels, and overlook- ing the Frith of Murray. It has a fafe and convenient harbour, and a good deal of flapping. Several 1 irge buildings have been tiefted on the N. fide of the town, in which a confiderable manufa&ory of ropes and canvafs is carried on. It is a royal burgh, holding it’s fiift charter from Malcolm Canmore. Over the river Nels is a handl’ome bridge, of feven arches. The l'almon fifhery in this river is very confiderable, and is let to fome filhmon- gers of London. A little to the W. of this town, is f he remarkable vitrified fort, called Craig Phadrick ; the ftones, com- pofing it’s walls, appear to have been partly melted bv fire. Invernefs is 50 miles NE. of Foi t William, and 106 NNW. of Edinburgh. Lat. 57. 30. N. ion. 4. 5 W. Inverness, the moft extenfive county of Scotland, bounded on the W. by the ocean ; on the N. by Rofsfhire ; on the E. by the counties of Nairne, Murray, Aber- deen, and Perth} and on the S. by thofe of Perth and Argyle. It’s extent from N. to S. is a^out 45 miles} and from E. to W. 75. The northern part is very mountainous and barren. The woody mountains are the haunts of (lags and roes. The 'capercailzie is alio feen fometimes among the lofty pines } the heath is pof- leffed by wild fowl } and the lofty fummits by ptarmigans and Alpine hares. This county has feveral confiderable lakes ; be- ing divided, in a manner, into two equal parts, by Loch Nels, Loch Oich, Loch Lochy, and Loch Eil ; all which might be united by a canal, that would form a com- munication between the two Teas. The great lakes in this county are feldom or never known to freeze ; much lefs are the arms ot the fea, evtn’in the moft northern parts of Scotland, fubjefl to be frozen in the hardeft feafons ; while the Texel, and many hays and great rivers in Holland and Germany, are covered with ice. The fouthern part of the (hire is alfovery moun- tainous, and is fiippofed to he the moft elevated ground in Scotland. The exten- five plains which furround the lakes, are in general, fertile; and the high grounds feed many fheep and black cattle, the rear- ing and felling of which is the chief trade of the inhabitants. Limeftone, iron ore, and Come traces of different minerals have been found in this county, with beautiful . rock cryftals of various tints ; but no mines have been worked hitherto with much fuc- cefs. The principal river is the Spey j but there are many others of inferior note, j o H as the Nefs, Fyers, Glafs, Lochy, &c. The people in the high parts of the coun- try, and on the weftern fhore, fpeak Gaelic or Erie, but the people of fafhion in Inver- nei’s, and it’s neighbourhood, ufe the Eng- lifh language, and pronounce it with pro- priety^ Inverury, a fmall town of Aberdeen- fhire, fituated on the confluence of the ri- vers Don and Ury, 15 miles NW, of Aberdeen. In- fion, in Turfield parilh, partly in Bucks, and partly in Oxfordlhire. Ipfiones, Staf- fordlhire, near the river Churnet, a mile below Kingfley. The foil here is noted for producing the beft ruddle, or red-ochre for marking Iheep. * Ipswich, an ancient and populous, but irregularly- built town, of Suffolk, feated on the river Orwell, near the place where thefrelh and fait water meet, form- ing a fort of half moon, or crefcent, on it’s bank. Acrofs the river there is a bridge leading to fuburb Stoke Hamlet. Here are feveral public buildings and a cuftom- houl'e, with a good quay. It has declined, however, from it’s former confequence; J, 'tjJHtimf ftr Wnfhrs M -yrrafkM' V* . I R C the manufa&ures of broad cloth and can* vafs are at an end; and it’s prefent com- merce chiefly depends upon the malting and exportation of corn to London, and timber to the different dock-yards. It has a confiderable coafting trade, and a I'm all fliare of foreign commerce, and has lately fent (hips to Greenland. Veffelsof great burden are obliged to flop at fome diftance below the town. It is 20 miles NE. of Colchefter, and 69 NE. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Thuriday for fmall meat, on Wednefday and Friday for fifh, and on Saturday for provifions of all kinds. Ipswich, a town of Maffachufets, fltu- ated on a river of the fame name, near the £ea, 22 miles N. of Boilon. The harbour is inconvenient, on account of a bar and flioals. Alfo a town of New Hampfhire. iQUiquE, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, near the coaft of Peru. It is about a mile in circumference, and is inhabited by a few Indians and flaves, who are prin- cipally employed in coliefling a yellow earth, formed by the dung of birds, as manure for vines, and with which 8 or 10 veflels have been annually loaded for about a century paft. Lat. 20. ao. S. Irabattey, a name given to the river Ava, in fome part of it’s courfe. Irac, Irac Arabia, or Babyloni- an Irac, (the ancient Chaldea) is a •ountry of Afia, watered by the rivers Ti- gris and Euphrates, and fo called from the Defert of Arabia, which lies to the W. of it. The NE. parts are fertile, with a number of cities and towns ; but towards the SW. it is a dreary wildernefs. It is moftly under the dominion of the Turks. Bagdad and Baflora are the principal places. Irac Agemi, or Persian Irac, a province of Perfia, is bounded by Ghilan and Mezanderan on the N. Faififlan and Cufhiftan on the S. Chorafan on the E. and on the W. by the Arabian Irac. It is about 150 leagues in length and 120 in breadth. The air is healthy, but the climate hot, and it hardly ever rains, in the fummer, for 6 months together. The ccunti y is generally barren,aithough there are valt and fertile plains near the rivers. Mulk, manna, galbanum, and grapes, of which they make white wine, are it’s prin- cipal produfjions. They reckon about 40 cities or towns. Ifpahan is the capital. Irbil, fuppofed to be the ancient Ait- eela, a fortrtfs of Afiatic Turkey, in Curdiftan, 80 miles SE. of Betlis. Irby, Lane, near Kirby Lonfdale. Irby, Line. E. of Spilfby. lrcb } or Earcb , a ri- I R E vet* in Carnarvonlhir^, which runs into the Irifli Channel at Pulhely. Ir eke n field, Heref. on the E. fide of the Golden Vale. Ireby. See Jerby. 1 reken, Jerkin, or Y ark an, a rich, populous, and large town, of Kafchgar, or Little Bucharia, where the Grand Khan of the Eluth Tartars principally refides. The town is well-built of bricks, dried in the fun, and the palace of the khan is large, but not handfome. The environs are fertile. It is the ftaple town of the trade carried on between the Indies and the N. part of Afia, and is 90 miles SE. of Kafchgar. Lat. 39. 6. N. Ion. 79. 5. E. Ireland, one of the Britilh iflands, lying to the W. of that of Great Britain* It is bounded on the E. by St. George’s Channel, or the Irifh Sea, which feparates it from England and Wales; on the NE. by a channel about 20 miles broad, -which feparates it from Scotland : and on every other fide by the ocean. It lies between Ion. 5. 43. and 10. 38. W. and between lat. 51. 15. and 55. 13. N. being about 287 miles in length, and 155 in breadth. It is divided into 4 provinces, viz. U liter on the north ; Munfter on the fouth ; Lein- fter on the eaft; and Connaught on the weft. Thefe are fubdivided into 32 counties, viz. Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, King’s County, Longford, Lowth, Meath, Qiuen’s County, Weft Meath, Wexford, Wicklow, in the province of Leinfter. Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Down, Donegal, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Monaghan, and Tyrone, in the province of Ulfter. Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford, in the province of Munfter. Galwgy, Leitrim, Mayo, Rofcommon, and Sligo, in the province of Connaught^ The air is mild and temperate, being cool- er in fummer, and warmer in winter, than in England ; though it is not fo clear and pure, nor fo proper for ripening corn and fruits. It is more humid than in Eng- land ; but this quality is pretty much mended, and will be more fo, when the bogs and morafles are drained. In gene- ral, it is a fruitful country, well watered with lakes and rivers; and the foil, in molt parts, is very good and fertile ; even in thole places, where the bogs and ino- rafles have been drained, there is good meadow ground. It produces corn, hemp, and flax, in great plenty; and the herds of cattle are fo numerous, that their beef and butter are exported into foreign parts; the Englifh, and foreign fhips, frequently come to viftual in Irifli ports. The prin- cipal riches and commodities of Ireland are cattle, hides, wool, tallow, fuet, butter, cheefe. I R E eheefe, wood, fait, honey, wax, furs, hemp, and more efpecially tine linen cloth, which they have brought to great perfeftion, and their trade in it is valtly increafed. This country is exceedingly well htuated for foreign trade, and has many fecure and commodious bays, creeks, and harbours, efpecially on the W. coalt. Their laws differ but little from thole of England ; and the national eftablifhment of religion is the lame. The members of parliament ufu- ally fat for life, unlefs upon the demife of the king of Great Britain; but, in 1768, their parliaments were made oftennial. Formerly, this kingdom was entirely fub- ordinate to that of Great Britain, whofe parliament could make laws to bind the people of Ireland ; and an appeal might be made from their courts of juftice to the houfe of lords in England; but, in 1782, it was declared, that although Ireland was an imperial crown, infeparably annexed to that of Britain (on which connexion the intereft and happinefs of both nations ef- fentially depended) yet the kingdom of Ire- land was diftinft, with a parliament of it’s own, and that no body of men were com- petent to make laws for Ireland, except the king, lords, and commons thereof. And, fome time after, this declaration be- ing thought infufficient, the Britifh legif- lature, by an exprefs aft of parliament for that purpofe, relinquifhed all jdairn of right to interfere with the judgment of the Irifh courts, or to make laws to bind Ireland in time to come. The lord lieu- tenant of Ireland, as well as the council, are appointed, from time to time, by the king. The native Irifh are deicribed as impatient of abufe and injury, quick of apprehenfion, implacable in refentment, anient in all their affeftiofis, and remark- ably hofpitable. In the country there cer- tainly remains a great deal of this amiable national charafteriflic, and even in their towns, formality and etiquette are often fo loft in hearty falutations, and a familiar manner of addrefs, that the ftranger loon feels himfelf at home, and imagines the people about him all relations. There are fome confiJerable mountains in Ireland, the chief of which are the Knock Patrick, Shew Blocmy, and Curlieu Hills. Of all it’s bogs, that called the Bog of Allen is the molt confiderable. The chief lakes are Lough Lean, Lough Erne, Lough Neagh, and Lough Corihb ; and it’s prin- cipal rivers are the Shannon, Boyne, Bar- row, Liffey, Nore, and Suir. The king- dom is fait! to have been formerly full of woods, but the cafe is now fo different, that it has been found neceffary to plant I R K new ones, and to give parliamentary en- couragement for their prefervation and in- creafe. The mineral produftions , of this country have been little known till of late yeais, the natives in general having given themfelves (at leaft for lome centuries pa(l) little trouble about them. Neverthtleis, copper, lead, iron, and even filver ores have been found in the Irifh mines; fome veftiges of works of this fort appear at Clontarf, on the edge of Dublin Bay. In the county of Antrim, there is a mine which confifts of a mixture of filver and lead, every 3olb. of lead ore producing about a pound of filver. There is another in Connaught, of the fame kind ; and one ftill richer in Wicklow, About 12 miles from Limerick, two mines have been dif- covered, one of copper, and the other of lead. Iron mines are difperfed all over the kingdom. There are likewife quar- ries of marble, flate, and freeftone, and the earth produces in various places, coal and turf for firing. Ireland, one of the Bermuda ifiands. Ireland, New, a iarg ifland in the S. Atlantic Ocean, N. of N.w Britain. The moft foutherly point, Cape George, is in lat. 4. 59. S. Ion. 152. 7. E. See New Britain. Ireland’s Eye, a fmall ifland on the N. fide of Dublin Bar. Irifh'Town , between Dublin and the fea. lreton Kirk, Derbyf. SW. of Wirkf- worth. lreton, Little* Derbyfhire, NE. of Kedlefton. Irford Abbey , Lincoln!'. NE. of Market Raifin. Irgiskoe, a town of Ruflia, in the go- vernment of Saratov, fituated on the Irgis, 96 miles E. of Volfk. • Irish Channel, or St. George’s Channel, that part of the Atlantic Ocean, which is between the coaft of Ire- land and Great Britain. Irmingland , Norf. NW. of Alefliam. Irk , a river in Lane, which runs into the Irwell, near Manchefter. Irkutsk, a town of Ruflia, capital of a government to which it gives name. It is the fee of a Greek bifnop, and a place of confiderable commerce, the caravans which trade to China palling through it. It is fituated on the river Angara, near it’s confluence with the Irkut, near the Lake Baikal, 840 miles ESE. of Kolivan. iRKUTSKOi, the largeft, hut leaft peo- pled, government of Ruflia, comprifing all the eaftern parts of Siberia, from the Northern Ocean to the frontiers of Chinefe Tartary. and from the boundaries of the governments of Tobolfk and Kolivan, on the W. to the Eaftern Ocean. This large territory I R V territory was gradually conquered, and appropriated by the Ruffians, in their de- fultory excurfions from Tobollk, and is now divided into the four provinces of Ir- kutlk, Nertchinlk, Yakutlk, and Okotlk, from the four principal towns. Irnam , Line, near Corby, pleafantly fi- tuated, with good water, and in a whole- fome air. Iron Aflon, Glouc. 3 miles from Briftol, at the conflux of the Stoure and Laden, which form the river Frome. Much iron has formerly been dug up in this parifh, and many iron works, and great heaps of cinders, are ftill to be feen here. It has a coal-work now carrying on. In the church-yard is one of the erodes, arched over, from whence the priefts ufed to harangue the people on par- ticular holidays. Irongray, a town of Kirkcudbright- fhire, 16 miles E. of Kirkcudbright. Iron Mountains, mountains of N. America, which divide the Tennaffiee go- vernment from N. Carolina. Lat. 35. 25. S. Ion. 83. o. W. Irpin, a river of Ruffian Poland, which runs into the Dnieper above Kiov. Irromango, an ifland of the New He- brides, in the S. Sea, nearly 80 miles in circuit. Lat. 18. 48. S. Ion. 169. 20. E. Irronam, one of the New hebrides, in the S. Sea, near Tanna. Irfted , Norf. SW. of Hickling. Irt y a river of Cumb. which runs into the Irifli Channel below Carlton, not far from Ra- venglafs. In it are found the mufcles, that breed a fort of pearl, vulgarly called /hell-berries. Some gentlemen obtained a patent for this filhery, but we do not find that it turned to much account. Irthingy a river of Cumb. which runs into the Eden, about 2 miles E. of Cariifle. Ir- thingtony Cumb. on the river Irthing, near Brampton. lrton y or Irtondale , Cumb. SE. of Egremont, near Waldale, on the rivert Irt. Irtysh, a large river in Siberia, which rifes in Tartary, and running from the S. to the NW. falls into the Oby, about 200 miles N. by E. of Tobolik. The NW. fhore is low palture ground ; on the other fide, is a prodigious number of black bears, wolves, and red and grey foxes, be- fide the beft grey fquirrels in all Siberia. This river abounds with filh, particularly flurgeon and delicate falmpn. # Irvine, or Irwin, a fea-port of Ayr- shire, feated on a river of the fame name, which feparates the counties of Ayr and Lanerk, near it’s influx into the Clyde, 15 miles E. of the Ifle of Arran, and 26 SW. Sjf.GJafgow, In J790, there were 51 vef- I S E fels belonging to this port, the largelt of which was 160 tons, and the fmalielt of 33. About 24,000 chaldrons of coals are exported annually to Ireland : as alfo con- fiderable quantities of woollen goods, car- peting, muflins, lawns, and Tinen ; the principal imports are hemp, iron, deals, Ihip-timber, and corn, from Memel, Nor- way, &c. The number of inhabitants in the town and parifh is eftimated at 4500. Irvill, a river of Lane, which riles above Bolton, flows thence to Manchefter, and falls into the Merfey below Flixton, about 7 miles above Warington. Irvon, a river in Brecknock!', which runs into the Wye at Builth. Isabella Fort, on the river Scheldt, oppofite Antwerp ; alfo a fort in Dutch Flanders, near Sluys. Isabella, St. the largelt of the Ifles of Solomon, in the S. Sea. It was difeo- vered by the Spaniards in the year 1568. Alfo a town on the N. coaft of" the iiland of St. Domingo, built by Chriftopher Columbus, in the year 1495. Lon. 71. 20. W. IJbury , Berks, near Lambourn. ljby Walton , Leic. near Caftle Dunnington. Ischia, an iiland of Naples, about 10 miles in circuit, and lying 8 or 10 miles W. of the city of Naples. It is full of agreeable valleys, which produce excel- lent fruits; mountains, on which grow vines of an exquifite kind; rivers, and fine gardens. It abounds in game, has feverai hot fprings, and is much reforted to by in- valids, on account of it’s healthy air. Ischia, a town of Naples, capital of an ifland of the fame name. It (lands upon a rock, which is joined to the Ifland by a ftrong bridge ; the rock is about 7 furlongs in circumference, and the city is like a pyramid of houles piled onfe upon another, which makes a very lingular and ftriking appearance. At the end of the bridge are iron gates, which open into a fubterraneous palfage, through which they enter the city. Lat. 40. 41. N. Ion. 14. 2. E. lfely Cumberland, near Cockermouth, 3 miles up the Derwent. Ifelfham t Cam- bridgelhire, NE. of Soham. Isenach. See Eisnach. _ Isenburg, a town of Mark, Weflpha- lia; a town in the circle of the Lower Rhine, fituated on the Ifer, with a calile on a (harp rock, built by Charlemagne, 10 miles N. of Cobhntz; and a town of Ifen- burg, circle of Upper Rhine, 3 miles S. of Frankfort on the Maine. Isenburg, Upper, a county in the Wetterau, Upper Rhine, about 30 miles long I S I long and io wide; divided among feveral branches of the houfe of ffenburg'. Isenburg, Lo\Ver, a county in the Lower Rhine, formerly governed by counts of it’s own ; but now (except a fmall part poflefled by the counts of Wied-Runkel, and the barons of Walderdorf) included in the electorate of Treves. Isenghein, a town of the late Aurtrian Netherlands, feated omthe river Mandeira, 5 miles from Courtray. Is£r, a pretty large river of Germany, which rifes in the Tyrolefe, about 5 miles N. from Infpruck, and having parted by Munich, Landfchut, Landau, &c. falls into the Danube, about 2 miles below Decken- tlorf. I sere, a department of France, a pdrt of the ci-devant Dauphiny, and fo called from a river which rifes in the dept, of Mont Blanc, and parting through the mid- dle of this department by the towns of Montfeir, Montmelian, Grenoble, &c. falls into the Rhone, about 3 miles N. of Valence. This river is navigable for boats as far as Montmelian. Grenoble is the principal town. Isen arts, or Eisenarts, a confider- able town of Stiria, famous for it’s iron mints. It is 30 miles NW. of Gratz. Isernia, a town of Molifo, in Naples. Jfeton on the IJle , Durham, SW. of Bi- fhop Auckland. Ifey , Wilts, N. of the Thames, near Cricklade. If gar, North- umberland, in the manor of Felton. Isigni, a town in the dept, of Calva- I S L Islands, Bay of, a bay of New Zea- land, on the NE. coaft of the northern of the two Blands that go under that name. I?lay, or I la, one of the Wefiern I lie's of Scotland, to the SW. of Jura, from which it is feparated hy a narrow (trait or found. It’s greatelf length is 25 miles; it’s breadth about 18. The principal village is Bowmore, , which is in a manner, a new town, and has a convenient har- bour. The inhabitants are between 7 and 8000. The face of the country is hilly. Here are mines of copper, emery, quickfil- ver, lead ore, and black lead ; with im- rrfenfe (tores of limeftone, marl, coral, and (heil-fand, for manure. Some corn and flax is railed here, and numerous droves of cattle are annually exported. In this, and fome of the neighbouring iflands, multi- tudes of adders infeft the heath. On the NW. fide of the Bland is the cave of Sa- negmore, which is a grotto, divided into a number of far- winding paflages, fome- times opening into fine expanles ; again clofing, for a long fpace, into galleries, anu forming a curious fubterraneous laby- rinth. There are alfo many other caverns, the haunts of numerous wild pigeons, that lodge and breed in them. The goats that feed among the rocks are fo wild, that they are (hot like deer. IJle, Shropf. 2 miles from Shrewftmry ; is a peninfula formed by the Severn, where thofe floats, called Coracles, are much ufed. They are of a form almoft oval, and made of fplit, fallow twigs, inter- dos, with a fmall harbour, 15 miles W. of woven, the part under the water covered Bayeux ; alfo a town in the dept, of the Channel, 9 miles SSE. of Avranches. ljker, or Ifis, a river in Brecknockftiire, that runs into the U(k, at Aberifker. Isis, a name frequently given to the ri- ver Tame, before it joins the Thames at Dorchefter. See Thames. Ifis Par Us, in the E. part of the parBh of Penrith, i« Cumberland, 01^ the N. bank of the Eamont, are two caverns, or grottoes, dug out of the folid rock, and lufficient to contain 100 men. The pafl- age to them is very narrow and dangeious ; and, perhaps, it’s perilous accefs may have given it it’s prefent name: though the vulgar tell ftrange ftories of one Ifis, a giant, who lived here in former times, and like the Cacus of fabulous antiquity, ufed to leize men and cattle, and draw them into his den, to devour them. But it is highly probable, that thefe fubterraneous chambers were made for a (ecu re retreat in time of fudden danger; and the iron gates, which were taken away not long ago, con- firm this fuppofilion* wit'h a horfes hide. Only one man can fit in them, who rows very fwiftly with one hand, while, with the other, he manages his fifhing tackle. A coracle is about 5 feet long and 3 broad, round at the bot- tom, and fo light, that the fifhermen carry them on their backs to and from the water. Isle Adam, a town in the dept, of Seine and Oife, feated on the river Oife, 6 miles NNE. of Pontoife. IJle Along ; fee Annalong , IJle of. Isle of Beeves, an Bland in the Bay of Campeachy, about 17 miles in length and 8 in breadth. It abounds in cattle and excellent fruits. Lat. 18. 30. N. lon» 91. 30. W. IJle of Dogs, Midd. a part of Poplar Mar(h, fo named by the feamen in parting it, when the kings had a palace at Green- wich, and the royal hounds were kenneled here. Isle de Dieu, or d’Yeu, an lfland on the coalt of France, about 7 miles long and 2 wide. It is 1 5 miles SSW . of Noir- moutier. Lat. 46, 45. N, lon» ** * 5 * , Isli I S' M Isle de France. See France, Isle of. Isle Jourdain, a town in the dept, of Gers, in an ifland of the little river Save, 8 miles N.'of Lombez ; alfo a.town in the dept, of the Vienne. Isle Rousse, a town of Corfica. Isle and Vilaine, a dept, of France, having the Englifh Channel, and the dept, of the Channel on the N. and the dept, of the Lower Loire on the S. Rennes is the capital. Isleben. See ElSLEBEtf. *Isleworth, a town in Middlefex, 9 miles W. of London. It is fituated on the rive" Thames, oppofite to Richmond. IJley, Cornw. SW. of Padftow. IJling- toriy Norf. near Lynn Marfh. IJlingtori , a large village to the N. of London, to which it is now contiguous. On the NW. is the new village of Pentonville, to which it is likewife united. The New River, which is a great ornament to this place, is received, at the SW. end of it, into a large refervoir, called the New River Head, whence it’s water is conveyed in pipes, to all parts of the metropolis. The parifh is very extenfive, including the hamlets of Upper 3nd Lower Holloway, Xingfland Green, and threeGdesof Newington Green. Near the New River Head, is a noted fpring of chalybeate water, called New Tunbridge Wells. IJlip , Northampton- fliire, near Thrapfton. Islip, a town of Oxford fliire, chiefly noted for the birth and baptifm of Edward the Confeffor. The chapel wherein Edward was baptized, at a final! diftance N. from the church, was deftcrated during Crom- well’s ufurpation, and converted to the meaneft ufes of a farm yard. It is built of done, 15 yards long and 7 broad, and retains traces of the arches of an oblong window at the E. end. At prelent it has a roof of thatch, and is ftill called the king’s chapd. The manor was given by Edward the Confeffor to Wcftminfler Ab- bey, to which it ftill belongs. It has alfo fome remains of an ancient palace, faid to have been King Ethelred’s. By the Ox- fordfhire canal, it communicates with all the late inland navigations. It has a good market for fheep, and is 56 miles NW. of London, on the road to AberylL with. Ismail, a town of Befl'arabia, It was taken by ftorm by the Ruffians, under Ge- neral Suwarrow, on the 22d of December 1790; and it is faid, that the lohg fiege and the capture did not coft lefs than io.ooo men. The moft atrocious part of the rranfa&ion is, that the garrifor* (whofe 1 s P firmnefs would have received, from a lefs fanguinary foe, the higheft applaufe) were maflacred by the mercilefs conquerors, to the amount of, by their own account, 30,000 men, and the place was abandon- ed to the fury of the brutal foldiery. If- mail is feated on the N. fide of the Da- nube, 140 miles SW. of Ockzakow. Lat. 45. 11. N. Ion. 29. 30. E. Ismid, or Is Nikmid. See Nicome- dia. Isnic, a town of Natolia, the fee of a Greek archbifhop, yet containing fcarcely 300 houfes. It is the ancient Nice, fa- mous for the firft general council held here in 325, and which protnulged the Nicene Creed as an article of faith. There is flow nothing remaining of it’s ancient fplendour but an aqueduft. Silk forms the principal article of trade among the inhabitants, who are moftly Jews. It is feated in a fertile country, on a lake which abounds with fifh, and communicates with the Sea of Marmora, 60 miles SE. of Con- ftantinople. Isny, an imperial town of the Algau, in Suabia, with a famous abbey of Bene- di&ine monks. It is leafed on the river Ifny, 40 miles S. of Ulm. Isola, a fea-port of Calabria Ultra; and a town of Terra di Lavora, both in Naples: alfo a town of Iftria; and a river of the Tyrolele, which runs into the Drave, near Lientz. Isona, a town of Catalonia. Ispahan, a celebrated city of Afia, ca- pital of Perfia, feated in the province of Irac-Agemi, and thought by fome, to be the fineft city in the Eaft. It ftands in the middle of a plain, furrounded on all fides by mountains, at 8 miles diftance, which rife gradually in the form of an amphithe- atre. There is no liver, except a frnall one, called Zenderoud, which fupplies al- moft all the houfes with water, and over which are feveral fine bridges. It is near- ly of an oval form, with well-built houfes and flat roofs, on which they walk, eat, and even fleep in the fmr.mer-time, for the fake of the cool air. The walls are built of mud, and about 20 miles in compafs, but being kept in no repair, and hidden by the adjoining houfes and gardens, they have but a mean appearance, and are hard- ly to be difeovered. The Meidan Shall, or Royal Square, is 440 paces long and 160 broad, furrounded by a canal, built wiYh bricks, cemented by a black mortar, which, in time, becomes harder than free- ftone. Here are a great number of mag- nificent palaces ; and that of the king is one of the moft fpaefous in the world, be- I s s 'ng 5 miles in circumference: it’s great portico (lands in the royal fquare, and is built with porphyry, and very high. There are 160 mofques, among which the royal mofque, at the S. end of the fquare, is adorned with an inconceivable profu- iion of gold, azure, and other ornaments ; many of the figures, decorations, &c. on it’s portico, being wrought in a manner unknown to our European architefts j 1800 large caravanferas, above 260 pub- lic baths, a prodigious number of coffee- houfes, and forae very fine (Ireets, in which are canals planted with trees ; though, generally fpeaking, the other (Ireets are narrow, crooked, and not paved ; they are, however, more free from dirt and duft than many great cities in Europe, as the air here is very dry, and every houfekeeper waters the llreet before his own door twice a day. The inhabitants were formerly computed at 1,000,000 ; but, what with intedine broils and civil wars, this king- dom has been almoft torn to pieces, by which the principal towns are greatly de- populated. There are 3 large iuburbs ; that called Juifa, is inhabited by Arme- nians ; Halenbath, by Georgians; and Kehrabath by Pagans. Though it is at a dillance from the fea, it carries on a great trade, the people of feveral nations retorting there for the fake of traffic. It is 265 miles NE. of Buffarah, 300 S. of the Cafpian Sea, and 1400 SE. of Con- flantinople. Lat. 32, 25. N. Ion. 52. 55. E. Issel, or Yssel, and Issel, or Ys- sel, the Little, two rivers of the United Provinces. The former rifes in Weftphalia, paffes by Doefburg, Zutphen, Deventer, &c. and falls into the Zuyder Zee, by two mouths, a little below Cam- pen ; the latter waters Yflelftein, Mont- fort, Gouda, &c. and falls into the Maefe, 2 miles above Rotterdam. Issel, Old, a river which rifes in the N. part of the duchy of Cleves, and runs into the 1 (Tel at Doefburg. 1 sse LSTEiN, or Yss el stein, a town of Utrecht, with a final 1 territory, feated on the Kiel, 5 miles S. of Utrecht. Lff'erkelly , in Galway, Connaught. Issequibo, a flouriffiing fettlement of the Dutch, in Guiana, S. America, con- tiguous to that of Demerary, and 8 or 10 miles YV. of the town of Surinam. It is feated on the river Iffequibo, which is about 3 leagues wide at it’s mouth, and runs into the Atlantic in lat. 6. 45. N. and Ion. 63. 20. W. It's principal pro- ductions &re fugar, coffee, and cotton. It has been twice taken by the Englifh ; in 1781, but reftored by the treaty of peace, Z 1 T A in 1783 ; and fince the commencement of the prefent war : it dill remains in their poffeffion. Issoire, an ancient town in the dept; of Puy de Dome, near which are found amethyfts, of as beautiful a colour as thofe of the Eaft, but not fo hard. I (To ire is feated on the river Couze, near the Allier, 15 miles SSE. of Clermont. Jssoudun, a town in the dept, of Indre, containing about 10,000 inhabit- ants. It’s trade is in wood and cattle; and it has confiderable manufactories of cloth, hats, and (lockings. It is feated oa the river Theols, 17 miles SW. of Bour- ges, and 135 nearly S. of Paris. Is sur Tille, a town in the dept, of Cote d’Or, fituated on the river Tille, 9 miles N. of Dijon. Iftbivith , a river in Cardiganf. which runs into the Irifh Sea, at or near Abe- ryftwith. ljling Ebourn , SufTex, NW. of Midhurft. Ijlrad , a river in Denbighf. which runs into the Clwyd below Whit- church. Istria, a peninfula of Italy, lying on the N. part of the Adriatic, by which it is, in a manner, furrounded, except to- wards the N. where it is joined to Car- niola. It was anciently a part of Ulyrium, and was conquered by the Romans, be- tween the firlt and fecond Punic wars. In the middle ages it belonged to the patri- arch of Aquilea; and in the year 1190, mod of the maritime part was conquered by the republic of Venice, though not without interruption from the Andrians. It is hilly, and the air is unhealthy, efpeci- ally near the coaii; but the foil produces plenty of wine, oil, and padures ; there are alfo quarries of fine marble. That part of it which lately belonged to the Veneti- ans, is now modly annexed to the hobfe of Audria. Capod’Idria was the capital. Ifwick, Lancashire, in Amoundernefs, N. of Kirkham. Italy, one of the fined and mod cele- brated countries of Europe, extending from NW. to SE. nearly 700 miles. On the N- and NW. it is bounded by France, SwilTerland, and Germany ; on the E. by Carniola and the Adriatic ; and on the S. SW. and W. by the Mediterranean; it’s figure bearing fome refemblapce to that of a boot. It was formerly the feat of the Roman empire, and, afterwards, of that more fingular ufurpation, the dominion of 'the pope ; for this ecclefiadical monarch, under; the modeft title of minijier miniflro- rum . , fervant of fervants, claimed a right to difpofe not only of the affairs of fuch nations as acknowledged liis fupremacy ; I T A but alfo of pagan lands to the ends of the earth j bellowing them, as an inheritance, pn the royal fupporters of his church. Italy is divided into a great number of Hates, which differ much in extent and importance. Between the confines of Fiance and' Swilfei-iand, on the W. and N. are the continental dominions of the king of Sardinia, namely, Piedmont, Montfer- rat, and part of the Milanefe. To the NE. are the ci devant territories of Venice, now mollly reduced to the obedience of the emperor. S. of thefe are the late Italian dominions of the emperor, namely, part of the Milanefe, and the Mantuan, now formed into an independent republic, un- der the proteftion of France. S. of thefe are Modena, Mirandola* and Reggio, late- ly belonging to the duke of Modena, but now incorporated with the new republic. W. of thefe are the duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Gmftalla, whofe fovereign is of the houfe of Bourbon. S. of Parma lies the republic of Genoa, and SE. of this, that of Lucca. Hence extends, along the coaft of the Mediterranean, the grand duchy of Tufcany. The Ecclefiaftical State, or territory of the Pope, lies prin- cipally to the E. and SE. of Tufcany, be- tween the Gulf of Venice and the Medi- terranean ; and the remainder of Italy, which occupies the whole fouthern extre- mity, is the kingdom of Naples, with it’s dependant iflands, of which Sicily is the principal. Tile air of Italy is very dif- ferent, according to the different fituations of the countries it contains. In thofe on the NE. fide of the Apennines, it is tem- perate ; but on the SW. it is very warm. The air of the Campania of Rome, and of the Ferrarefe, is faid to be unwholefome ; which is owing to the lands not being duly cultivated, nor the marfhes drained. That of the other parts is generally pure, dry, and healthy. In fummcr the heat is very great in the kingdom of Naples, and would be alnioft intolerable, if it were not alleviated by the fea- breezes. The prin- cipal rivers are the Po, Tiber, Arno, Adige, and Var; and there are fcveral fine lakes, as the Maggiore, Lugano, Como, Garda, Perugia, Braccianno, and Celano. As there are a number of rivers in Italy, befide thofe mentioned above, the foil, in general, is very fertile. It produces a great variety of wines, and the bed oil in Europe ; excellent fijk in abundance; corn of all forts, but not in fuch plenty as in other countries; oranges, lemoBS, citrons, pomegranates, almonds, raifins, fugar, in- numerable mulberry-trees, figs, peaches, ne&arines, apricots, pears, apples, filberts. J T T chefnuts; &c. Moil of thefe fruits were at firfl imported by the Romans from Afia Minor, Greece, Africa, and Syria, and were not the natural produ£U of the foil. This country alfo yields good paf- ture, and abounds with cattle, iheep, goats, buffaloes, wild boars, mules, and horfes. Tiie forefis are well ftored with game; and the mountains yield, not only mines of iron, alum, fulphur, marble of all forts, alabafter, jafper, porphyry, See, but alfo gold and filverj with a great va- riety of aromatic herbs, trees, fhrubs, and evergreens, as thyme, lavender, laurel, wild olive-trees, tamarinds, junipers, oaks, and pines. Wine, oil, perfumes, fruits, and filks, are the principal articles of ex- portation ; and great fums of money are expended by travellers in the purchafe of pictures, curiofities, relics, antiquities, &c. The Icalians have been the molt celebrated of all the moderns for their ge- nius and tafte in archite£lure, painting, carving, and mufic, and feveral of them have alfo been eminent as writers. The women afFe£t yellow hair, as did formerly their predeceffors, the ladies of ancient Rome; they alfo ufe paints and wstfhes for their hands and faces. The Italian language is a corruption of the Latin, .and is laid to be fpoken beft at Florence. Itchel , Hants, near Alderllon. Itchen , or Aire, a river of Hants, which rifes at Chilton Candover, in the centre of the county, and thence running SW. waters the city of Wincheflerj where it begins to be navigable ; from Winchefter it’s courfe is direftly S. till it enters the Bay of Southampton, at the town of that name. Itching , or Iribing , a river of Northumb. and Cumb. falling into the Eden near Warwick. Itching Abbots, Hanes, NW. of AJresford. Itching Stoke, Hants, E. of Itching Abbots. Itchington , Gloucelter- fhire, in Titherington parifii. Itchington Bishop’s, a town of Warwickfhire, fo called from the hifhops of Lichfield and Coventry, once it’s pcf- feffors. It is fituated on the nver Ichene, to the NE. of Kmeton. This was an- ciently one of the chief towns in the coun- ty; and, in the reign of Henry II. was ranked with the boroughs that were to contribute to the marriage of that king’s daughter. Market on Wednefday. Itchington , Long and Nether, Warw. near Southam. Itenfield, Cumb. near In- glewood Foreft. Ithon, a river in Rad- nor!. which runs into the Wye, near Dif- fart, about 3 miles N. of Builth. Itter- ingham, Norf. NW. of Alcfham. Jtton, Monmouthf. W f 5 ! to Spain. It is mountainous, but fertile in corn, wine, and fruits j and remarkable for the great quantity of fait made in it. It is 50 miles SW. of Majorca. The ca- pital is of the fame name, feated on a bay, with a good harbour. Lat. 39. 30. N. Ion. 1. 25. E. lvil, or Ivel, a river in Bedf. which runs into the Oufe at Temsfoid, I-vil, a aver J u N river in Somerfetf. which runs into the Parrot, near Langport. Ivingo, a town in BmcIcs, with a ma- nufacture of lace, 6 miles SVV. of Dun- ltable. Market on Monday. Julian, St. a harbour on the coaft of Patagonia. Lat. 4.9. 10. S. Ion. 68.44. W. Julian's , St. Mor.m. near Caerlion. Julian's Tovun, in Meath, Leinfter. Julie'n, St. a town in the dept, of Up- per Vienne, 13 miles NW. of Limoges. JULIEN, St. a town in the refpeCtive depts. of the Jura, Cote d’Or, Mont Blanc, Higher Alps, Upper Loire, Rhone and Loire, Vienne, Saone and Loire, Cal- vados, Upper Garonne, Var, Drome, Ain and Loire. Julien. St. du Sault, a town in the dept, of the Yonne, feated on or near the river Yonne, iof miles S. of Sens. Juliers, a duchy of Weftphalia, fitu- ated between the Rhine and the Made, and bounded by the duchy of Guelders on the N. and by the electorate of Cologne and the Rhine on the E. The principal towns are Juliers, the capital, a fmall, but ftrong town, with a regular citadel, a church, and a convent, within the walls, and a Calvinilt and a Lutheran church without, fituated on the Ruhr, 22 miles W. of Cologne, in lat. 50. 57. N. and Ion. 6. 23. E. Dueren, Aix la Chapelle, Mun- fter Eyflel, and Eufzkirchen. In the coun- try, in general, are 26 towns, and 11 free- doms and boroughs. It is fubjeCt to the eleCtor palatine, is about 68 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, and is remark- able for the great quantity of woad it pro- duces. Julpha, Old, once the capital of Armenia, in Afia, now in ruins, the in- habitants having been tranfplanted to a fuburb of Ifpahan, called New Julpha, where they have feveral churches. They were brought thither for the fake of trade. Ju'Miege, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine, with a late celebrated Benedi&ine abbey. It is feated on the river Seine, 12 miles WSW. of Rouen. Jumna, a large river of Hindooftan, which riles in Thibet, waters the cities of Delhi, Agra, See. and runs into the Ganges at Allahabad. Jump , Yorkfhire, near Rotheram. Junagur, a town and fortrefs of Hin- dooftan, in the county of Guzerat. It is 170 miles SW. of Amedabad. Junculam, a town of the Ifland of Java, fituated on the SW. coaft, 55 miles SS W. of Batavia. Junkseilon, an ifland in the Bay of Bengal, near the S W. coaft of Siam, nearly I V R 60 miles long, and from 10 to 20 wide* *Near the principal tow; (of the fame name, fituated in the N. part of the iflanu, with a lecure harbour for fmall veflels) is a mine of loadftone, but the pieces do not prefer ve their virtue above 4. or 5 months. Lat. 8. 56. N. Ion. 98. 30. E. Ivory Coast, a country of Africa, on the coaft of the Atlantic, between Cape Appolonia and Cape Palmas. It contains feveral towns, which are fituated at the mouths of rivers, called by the fame name. The chief commodities are gold, ivory, and (laves; the former in the greatefl: plenty. Whatever the Gold Coaft pro- duces, is alfo found here in greater abun- dance and perfection j and indeed, the fruits and vegetables of the warmer cli- mates feem all to be united on the Ivory Coaft. The interior country, however, is but little known, as the natives refufe the Europeans leave to build fettlements, or even'trade among them, except by means of the coaft negroes. The inhabitants are reckoned the molt favage and barbarous on the whole coaft, and fome writers lcru- ple not to call them anthropophagi. Ivory Lodge, Hants, in New Foreft. Jura, one of the weftern ifles of Scot- land, NE. of the ifland of I flay, on the coaft of Argylefhire. It is about 25 miles long, and 7 broad. Some parts of the fouthern and weftern fides are fertile, and there are only three mountains on the whole ifland. Thefe are of a conical form, of a ftupendous height, and are called the Paps of Jura. The reft of the ifland is flat, and generally covered with heath. Shell-fifh and potatoes form the principal food of the poorer people. A few wild roes are ftill feen here, but their number is continually growing lefs. Jura, a department of France, having Swiflerland to the E. the dept, of Saone and Loire to the W. and the Upper Saone on the N. It contains mines of iron of a fuperior quality, mines of copper and lead, and many quarries of black marble, of jafper of different colours, and of ala- bafter. It takes it’s name from Mount Jura. Lons le Saunier is the capital. Jura, Mount, a chain of mountains, which extend, nearly in a line, from the RhinC, near Bafil, to the Rhone, 10 miles below Geneva; fometime# more, fome- times lefs elevated, and in different places taking different names. Ivrea, a town of Canavez, in Pied- mont, containing befi'des the cathedral, 3 parifh churches, and feveral religious houfes. It is defended by a caftle and two other fortrefl'es, and is fituated on the B b 3 Grand J U T Grand Doria river, 20 miles N, of Tu- rin. Ivry, a town in' the dept, of Eure, with a late Benedictine abbey, fituated on the river Eure, 10 miles N. by W. of D eux; alfo a town in the dept, of Cote d’Orj and a town in the dept, of Paris, 3 miles S. of Paris. Juft, St. Cornwall, at the Land’s End, N W. of Penzance. Juft Caftle , St. Corn- wall, on Falmouth Haven. Jutland, a large peninfula of Den- mark, bounded on the S. by the duchy of Holftein ; and on the other Tides by the German Ocean and Baltic Sea. It is about 200 miles in length, from N. to S. and 95 in breadth, from E. to W. The air is very cold, but wholefome, and the foil is fertile in corn and paftures, which feed a great number of horfes, beeves, and hogs, which are lent to Germany, Holland, &c. Hence Jutland is commonly called the land of bacon and rye bread. This was anciently called the Cimbrica Cherfo- nefus; and is fuppofcd to be the country whence the Anglo Saxons came that con- quered England; It is divided into twD parts, called N. and S. Jutland ; the latter being the duchy of Sldwick. N. Jutland is compofed of four general governments, each of which has it’s bifhop and general governor. They derive their name from the four chief cities, Aalborg, Wiborg, Aarhuys, and Ripen. 1 z q Ivy Bridge , Devonf. a village remark- able for it’s rural and pi&orefque fcenery. It is confiderably increased of late in it’s buildings, and is feated on the rapid and nbify river Arme, on the road between Exeter and Plymouth, it miles NE. of the latter. Ivy Church , Wilts, 2 miles from Salifbury. Ivythorn, Somerfetf. W. of Glaftonbury. Lzuade, Kent, near Mil- ton and Sittingbourn. Ixning , Suffolk, near Newmarket. Ix worth, a town in Suffolk, fituated on the road between Bury and Yarmouth, 7 miles NE. of Bury, and 79 NE. of London. Market on Friday. lxvoorthorp, Suffolk, NW. of Ixworlh. Jyenagur, a country of Hindooftan, lying to the S. of the Mewat, in the eaft- ern quarter of Agimere, and fubjeft to one of the rajpoot princes. Jyepour, a city of Hindooftan, in thq territory of Jyenagur. It was built by the celebrated rajah Jeffing, who alfo ei e£l- ed an obfervatory here, and invited Claude Boudier to it, in 1734.. Wendel repre. fents Jyepour as a place of great wealth and confequence in 1779, being the ftaple of the principal part of the goods that are brought from every quarter of India. It is 104 miles W. by S. of Agra, and 79 ENE. of Agimere. IzquiNTENANGO, a town of Chiapa, in Mexico. K A I K A L TT’ABER , Weftmorland, near Kirkby Steven. Kachao, a town of Africa, in the kingdom of Kumbo, containing a parifti church and a convent of Capuchins. It has a Portuguefe garrifon, and is fur- rounded with a rampart and palifadoes, and defended with artillery. It is fituated on the river San Domingo, about 50 miles from it’s mouth. Kadan, a town of Saats, in Bohemia. Kaddy'Carne, in Down, Ulfter, a long ledge of rocks on Big Ifland. Kaderskill, a town of New York. Kaffungen, a town and monaltery of Heffe, 5 miles SE. of Caffe!. Kahun, a town of Herman, in Perfia, 3 6 miles SW. of Sirgian. Kairwan. See Cairoan. Kaisarijah, anciently called Maza- ca, and afterwards C/esarea of Cap- padocia, a populous town of Caramania, divided into 180 quarters, in each of which is a mofque. The Greeks have a metropolitan and another church, and the Armenians 3 churches. The princi- pal trade is in Morocco leather. It is 159 miles NE. of Cogni. Kaisersberg, a town of Stiria, with a caftle, 5 miles SW. of Leoben. Kaiserthal, a town of Baden, in Swifferland, fituated on the Rhine, 3 miles NE. of Baden. Kalaar, a confiderable town of Ghi- hn, in Perfia, with a manufacture of filk. Kaldworth, Northumberland, in Mild- forth barony. Kale, a river of Roxburghf. which runs into the Tiviot, 4 miles S. of Ke'fo. Kalenburg, a town ot Paderborn, in Weltphalia. Kalguev, an iftand in the Frozen Ocean, about 140 miles in circumference. It is about 240 miles NNE. of Archangel. Kalir, K A L Kalir, a town of Wirtemburg, Suabia. Kalisch, a palatinate, late of Poland, now of W. Pruflia, called alfo the palati- nate of Gnesen, and it’s capital, leated on the river Prol.na, 57 miles NE. of Breflaw. Kalka, a country of Alia, bounded on the N. by Ruffian Siberia; on the E. by Chinele Tartary ; on the S. by the Gobi, or Sandy Deleft 5 and on the W. by other parts of Tartary. It is inhabited by the Eluths and Kabnucs. Kallamer y Lancaf. in Amoundernefs. Kalmucs, a nation of Tartars, who inhabit that part of the Ruffian govern- ment of Caucafus, that lies between the river Volga, and the river Yaick (now Ural) toward the Cafpian Sea ; in all which immenfe tra£l there is not a houfe to be feen, as they all live in tents, and remove from one place to another, in quell of palturage for their large herds of cattle, con lifting of horfes, camels, cows, and ffieep. They neither fow nor-reap, nor make hay for their cattle, fo that they live without bread, or any fort of vegeta- ble ; and in the winter, their cattle fare as other wild beads. Their food is fleffi, (efpecially that of horfes) fiffi, wild-fowl, and venifon ; and they iiave great plenty of milk, butter, and cheefe ; but mare’s milk is the moll efteemed among them, and from it they make a ftrong lpirit, of which they are very fond, and which is clear as water. They are divided into a number of hordes, or clans, each under their own particular khan, and all ac- knowledging the authority of one princi- pal khan, who is called orchicurtikhan, or king of kings, who derives his pedigree from Tamerlane. All of them, however, have gradually fubmitted to the govern- ment of Ruffia, or live at prefent under it’s protection. They are pagans. They wear coats of ftuff, or filk, above which they wear a large, wide, fur coat of ffieep- (kins, and a cap of the fame. Their cat- tle are large, and their ffieep are of the larged kind, having great fat tails, weigh- ing from 25 to 30 pounds ; their ears hanging down like our dogs, and, inftead ot wool, they have foft curled hair, fo that their (kins are converted into fur coats. Their horfes are fmall, but fwift, hardy, and ftrong; and many of them pace natu- rally, and trot at an incredible rate. They eat the fleffi of camels, cows, and ffieep, but univerfally give the preference to that of the horfe. When they go upon any. expedition, they have no regard either to bridges or boats ; they no looner come to a river, than in they plunge with their K A M horfes, and, Aiding from their backs, hold fall by the manes till they get over, and then immediately mount again, and pro- ceed. They live but 4 months at moll in the deferts, and inhabit a mod pleafant country all the reft of the year (when it is not overflowed) tending their flocks and herds, fifliing, and hunting. When they go upon an expedition, every one takes a ffieep with him for his provifion, and three horfes, which he rides alternately ; and when any of them fail, they kill it, and divide the fleffi, putting pieces of it under their laddies, and, after riding fome time upon it, they eat it without any farther preparation. Their kibbets, or tents, are large, and furpriftngly warm, having a fire in the middle, and a hole at the top to let out the fmoke ; they are 24 feet in di- ameter, and capable of being enlarged or contracted at pleafure ; they are all round, the fides being made of a kind of checker- ed wicker-work, and the crofs (licks neat- ly jointed, for folding together, or extend- ing. The kibbet withstands wdnd and rain well, and is ereCled with greater. eafe and in lets time than we could fet up an officer’s tent. The fmall-pox is as much dreaded among the Kalmucs as the pelti- lence among us. When any of them are feized with it, they immediately break up their camp and flee, leaving the Tick perfon in one ot their kibbets, or tents, with a killed ffieep, part of which is roafted and part raw, and a jar of water, and fome wood for fire 5 if they recover, they follow the hoj-de, but this feldom happens, for they moftly die for want of attendance. In a more extenfive fenfe, however, the Kal- muc’s country includes both the Kalmuc and Mongul Tartars, who both formerly compofed but one people. The Mongul Tartars are partly independent, and part- ly fubjeCl to Ghina. See Monguls. Kalnick, a town of Bracklaw, in Po- land. Kaluga, a town of Ruffia, capital of Kalutfkoe, a government, formerly in- cluded in that of Mofcow, of which it lies W. and E. of the government of Smolen- (koe ; about 140 miles in length, and from 40 to 90 in breadth. Occa is the princi- pal river, on which the town of Kaluga is fituated, 390 miles SE. of Peterffiurg. Kalmunz, a town of Ncwberg, in Bavaria, fituated at the conflux of the ri- vers Nab and Vilz, 12 miles NNW. of Ratiffion. Kamakura, an ifland of Japan, about 3 miles in circumference, on the S. coaft of Niphon, ufed as a (late prifon. The •oaft of this ifland is fo ffiarp, that per- B b 4 Ions KAM Tons and freightage are generally lifted up by cranes. Kambala, Mount, a ridge of moun- tains in Thibet, between the lake Jamdro, and the Sampoo river, Kaminieck:, a town of Poland, capi- tal of the palatinate of Podolia, which is fometimes alfo called Kaminieck. A Popifli and an Armenian bilhop, and a Caftellan, refide in this city ; and a court of juftice, and a provincial diet are, or were, lately, held here. Here is alfo a college, which formerly belonged to the Jefuits. It has a caftle built on a rock, and is one of the beft fortified towns in Poland, although it is more beholden to nature than art for it’s ftrength. It is fi- tuated on the river Smetricz, which falls into the Dniefter a little below it, ioo miles W. of Braclaw. Kamtschatka, a peninfula of Sibe- ria, in the government of Irkutfkoi, bounded on the N. by the province of Ochotfk ; on the E. and S. by the N. Pa- cific Ocean ; and on the W. by the Sea of Ochotfk and the Penzinfkoe Gulf. It is about 600 miles in length, and from 30 to ioo in breadth. The fouthern extremity is Cape Lopatka, in lat. from 52. to 61. N. and Ion. 156. 4.5. E. according to Capt. King, who vifited this country in 1779. A chain of high mountains from N. to S. extends the whole length of the peninfula, and almoft equally divides it ; whence feveral rivers take their rife, and empty themfelves on both fides into the Pacific Ocean, and the Sea of Ochotfk. Stunted trees are thinly Scattered over the whole face of the country, whofe bottoms are meffy, with a mixture of low heath j the whole refe tabling Newfoundland in a moft ffriking degree. This difadvantage of foil, however, is not universal ; for fome parts produce tolerably good hay. Four months, commencing at mid fummer, may be confidered as forming their fpring, fummer, and autumn, the red of the year is all dreary winter. They have great quantities of wholefome vegetables, in a wild ftate, fuch as chervil, garlic, onions, angelica, and wild celery, with fome ex- cellent turnips, and turnip-radifhes, upon a few fpots of ground in the valleys ; and this is the utmoft extent of their garden cultivation. They have a variety of wild berries, fuch as blue berries, round and oval, partridge berries, cranberries, crow- berries, blackberries, &c. which are ga- thered at proper feafons, and prefer ved by boiling them into a thick jam, without fugar. Thele conftitute a confiderable part of the winter provifions, ferving as a KAM general fauce to their dried and fait fifh, of which kindof food they are, unqueftion- ably, excellent corre£lives. The natives likewife eat them, by themfelves, in pud- dings, and various other ways, and make decoctions of them for their ordinary li- quor. Fifh is certainly the ftaplc article of food among the inhabitants, of this pe- ninfula, who cannot pofiibly derive any confiderable part of their fuftenance either from agriculture or cattle : they, however, obtain fome from their foretis, particular- ly in the bear, which to hunt and kill, is, with the inhabitants, a fkiltul and danger- ous adventure. The people of Ka.mtfcha.t- ka may be faid to confilt of three forts j the Kamtfchadales, the Ruffians, and Cof- facks, and a mixture produced by their in- termarriages. Tiie habitations of the na- tives confift of three different kinds, which they call jourts, balagans, and loghoufes. They inhabit the fir It in the winter, and the fecond in the fummer j in the third, introduced by the Ruffians, only the more wealthy people refide. The external ap- pearance of a jourt refembles a round, fquat hillock; a hole, ferving for a chim- ney, window, and door, is lett in the cen- tre, and the inhabitants go in and out by the affiftance of a long pole, having notches deep enough to afford a little fecurity for the toe. The upper garment of the Kamt- fchadales refembles a waggoner’s frock: if for fummer wear, it is made of nankeen j if intended for winter, it is made of a fkin, having one fide tanned, and the hair preferved on the other, which is worn in- nermoft ; a clofe jacket of nankeen, or other cotton ftuff, is the next under this j and, beneath that, a fhirt made of thin Perfian filk, of any colour. They wear long breeches and boots, made of (kins, with the hair innermoft. They have alfo a fur cap, with two flaps that are ufually tied up clofe to the head, but are Jet to fall round the (boulders in rough weather. The true Kamtfchadales are a people of very remote antiquity, and have tor many ages inhabited this peninfula. There are, at prefent, very few idolaters among them, the Ruffians having bellowed great pains, and been very fuccefsful, in converting them to Chriftianity. Schools are like- wife eftablilhed in many of the oflrogs, where the children of both the natives and Coffacks are inltru&ed gratuitoufly in the Ruffian language. The Ruffians firft dif- covered the country in the year 1697, and, in 1699, 60 Ruffian ioldiers, with as many Coffacks, penetrated into the heart of the peninfula, levying a tribute of furs in their progrefs. Their government, confi- dered K A R dered as a military one, is mild and equit- able in a high degree. The natives are i permitted to chufe their own magiftrates, | with all the privileges they had ever en- joyed, who refer to the governor of Kamt- fchatka fuch cafes only as, from their in- tricacy or heincufnefs, they do not chufe to decide upon themfelves. Bolcheretlk is the principal place, fituated on the SW. coafi, in lat. 52. N.- Kandkghere, a town of Hindooftam in the Carnatic, 70 miles NW. of Madras. In the year 1599, it was the capital of a kingdom c; . Narfinga, the relidence of a Hindoo king, whole dominions extended over Tanjore and Madura $ and in 164.0, a defcendant of that prince, who reigned here, permitted the Englilh to form a fet- tlement at Madras. Kan em, a town and province of B?r- nou, in Africa. Kaniow, a city cf Kiow, in Poland, fituated on the Dnieper. Kanischa, a town of Hungary, 96 miles S. of Vienna. Kantcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Kiangfi. It’s j-urifdift ion contains 12 cities of the third order, and it’s toil produces the trees from which diftils a varnifti, reckoned the Bed in China. It is 840 miles S. of Pekin. Kantifsy Eflex, near Horndon. Kanturk, in Cork, Munfter. Kaotcheou, a city of China, of the fil'd rank, in the province of Qoangtong. It has within it’s jurifdi&ion one city of the fecond order, and 5 of the third. In this didri6t are a great number of pea- cocks, and feveral forts of birds of prey. •There is alio a kind of done, like marble, which naturally reprefcnts landfcapes, caf- cades, &c. of which they make^tables, and other curious houfehold furniture. It is fituated in a very fruitful country, about 36 miles from the lea, and 1130 SSW. of Pekin. Kapos, a town of Hungary, fituated on a river of the fame name, which runs into (he Danube, 6 miles from Mohacs. Kappas, Old, a town of N. America, fituated on the W. fide of the Milfilfippi, in lat. 34. 12. N\ and Ion. 91. 12. W. Near this, place, Ferdinand de Soto fird difcovered the river Milfilfippi, in the year 154 - 1 - Karaginskoi, an ifland in the N. Pa- cific Ocean, about 80 miles in circumfe- rence. It is fituated near the NE. coad ot Kamtfchatlca, in lat. 59. N. and Ion. 162. E. KAREQK,an illand in the Perfian Gulf, lying nearly in the middle of it, where all KAY fhips bound for Bufforah mud call for pi- lots. It is about 5 miles long and 2 braid \ and is fubjeft to the Iheick of Bundaric. The Dutch had a flourilhing fettleinent here, about the middle of the 18th cen- tury, formed by the Baron Kniphaufenj but on his quitting their I'ervice, it became fubjeft again to it’s former mader. Karham , Northumb. in Wark barony. Karical, a town of Hindoodan, in the kingdom of Tanjore, containing 14 pagodas, 15 mofques, and about 5000 in- habitants. It was ceded by the king of Tanjore to the French, taken by the Eng- lilh in the year 1760, and retaken in 1779. It is fituated on the E. coad, on one of tne branches of the Can very, 12 miles N. of Negapatam, and 6 S. of Tranquebar. Karlscruch, a town of Baden Dur- lach, in Suabia. The margrave has here a magnificent palace and gardens. The town is built on a regular plan, and the houi’es are all as uniform as the itreets. It is 12 miles N. by E. of Baden. Karnbank , a hill in Armagh, Uifter. Karn Gaur, a hill in Down, Ulder, 2 miles N. of Scraba. Karnufack Cornwall, a rocky moun- tain, near Madern. Kasan, capital of the government; of the fame name, contains feveral churches, almod all of which ate built with done, and 11 convents in and near the town. It is feated on the. river Cafanka, where it falls into the' Wolga, 400 miles E. by N. of Mofcow. See KazanskOE. Katherine Hilly Surry, near Guilford. Katharine' Sy St. Ifle of Wight, in E. Me- dina. Katharine's , St. in the fuburbs of Lincoln. Katharine's Hill , St. Hants, near Wincheder. Katheringtony Hants r SE. of Bilhop’s Waltham. Kauffbeuren, a free town of Suabia. Kaye’s Island, in the N. Pacific Ocean, near the W. coad of N. America, about 30 miles in length and 4 in breackh, difcovered and named by Captain Cook. The SW. point is a naked rock, confi- derably elevated above the land within it. Pine trees, abound in all parts of the ifland ; which indeed is covered, in a man- ner, with a broad girdle of wood. Thfe trees, however, are far from being of an ex- traordinary growth ; fo that they would be of no great fervice for flapping, except- ing as materials for final 1 things. The pine trees appear to be all of one fpecies ; and neither the Canadian pine, nor cy- prefs, are found here,. Lat. 59. 51. N. Ion. 143. o. W. Kaysersberg, a town in the dept, of Upper Rhine, 5 miles NW. of Colmar. 2 Kayse*- K E H Kayserslautern, ft town in the pa- latinate of the Rhine, feated on the river Law ter, 22 miles SW. of Worms. Kayserswert, a town in the circle of the Lower Rhine, feateci on the E. tide of the river Rhine, 8 miles N. of Duffel- dorp. The fortifications are demolifhed. It was engaged a long time to the bifhop- rick of Cologne; but, in 1762, it was re- fiored to the elector palatine. Kazan skoe, a large country of the Ruffian empire, formerly fubjeft to the Kalrnuc Tartars, to whom the great duke of Molcow, with the other petty principa- lities of Ruffia, were tributary. But Ivan Vaffiliwitch I. the founder of the Ruffian great nefs, towards the end of the 15th century, refcued his country from the Tartar yoke ; and, in 1 552, the fecond duke of the fame name, conquered Kafan, which is now divided into the three Ruf- fian governments of Kafan, Simbirfk, and Penza. Reach, a river in Cardiganf. which runs into the Tivy below Kennarih. Keadky , Liucolnfhite, in Axholm Ifle. Ready, in Armagh, Ullter. Kealcotes , E. W. N. and S. Line, near Bollingbroke. Keale, Lincoln!’, near Bol- lingbroke. Keamore , in Cork, Munfter. Keany , in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Kearton , Yorklhire, N. Riding, E. of Swaledale. Kebby, a river in Momnouthf. which runs into the TJIk, near Abergaven- ny. Kebeck , a river in Yorkf. which runs into the Nyde below Harrowgate. Keddington , Stiff. NW. of Clare. Kedle- fion, near Derby. Kedrington , Line. N. of Louth. Keel, Stafford ftiire, near New- caftle under Line. Keenagh, in Longford, Leinfter. Keerby, Yorklhire, N. Riding, SW. of Helmefley. Keerby, York!’, near Wether- by. Keeton , Nottingh. near Lenton. Kefreen, a town of Syria, 16 miles from Aleppo, on the road from Tripoli. It gives name to a large, fertile plain, where they breed a, great number of pi- geons. Kegbear , Devon f. NW. of Okehamp- ton. Kegwortb , Leicef. on an eminence, 4 miles from Loughborough, on the road tp Derby. Near it is a handfome, done bridge, over the Trent, called Cavet'.difh Bridge, built at the duke of Dcvcnfhire’s expence. Foot paffengers, as well as hoifes and carriages, pay toll here. Ke~ bam, E. of Leicelftr. Kehl, a fortrefs of Suabia, fituated at the conflux of thw Kinzig into the Rhine, a mile and a half E. of Strafburg, In a K E L war with Germany, the French generally endeavour to make themfelves mafters of it, for the fake of tranfporting troops acrofs the Rhine. Keingham , Yorkf. SE. of Headon. Keinton Mansfield , Somtrf. Kekewick , Chefh. near the Merfey, between Frodfharn and Warrington. Kelby, Line. W. of Grimfby. Reid Chapel, Yorkf. N. Rid- ing, near Swaledale. Keldham , Yorkf. near Kirby Moorefide. Kelebar Hill , Yorkf. near Tadcalter. Kelfield, Line, near Axholm Ifle. Kelfield, Yorkf. E. Riding, near Nun Appleton. Kelham , Nott. on the Trent, W. of Newark. Re - linghall, Yorkf. W. Riding, S. of Ripley. Kelk , Yorkf. E. of Great Driffield. KeU labam, Cornw. W. of St. Neot’s. KeU lath , Weftmorl. near Newbiggin. Kelle- nyg , Momnouthf. Kellermajh , Northamp. NE. of Nal’eby. Kellet, Upper and Lower, N. of Lancafler. Kelley, Devonf. SE. of Launcefton. Kelling , Norf. NE. of Holt. Kellington , Yorkf. E. of PontefraCt. Kpllington, or Callington, a town in Cornwall, with a woollen manu- factory. It is fituated on the river Ta- mar, 12 miles S. of Launcefton, and 217 W. by S. of London. It is not inferior to the bed half of the Cornifh boroughs, for wealth and buildings, having one very good broad ftreet, a market-houfe, and a neat church. Market on Wednefday. Kellifisall , Suffolk, N. of Saxmundham. Kellop, a liver in Durham, which runs into the higheft head of the Wear. KeU low, Northumb. W. of Holylfland. * Kells, a town of Meath, in Leinfter, plealantly leated on the river Blackwater, 31 miles NW. of Dublin. Kells, a town of Kilkenny, in Lein- fter, 64. mi*es SW. of Dublin. Kells, a river and village of Antrim, in Ullter, 89 miles from Dublin. Kellum, St. Shropf. S. of Hales Owen. Kellymount, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. KeU lyfiown, in Carlow, Leinfter, on the E. fide of the river Barrow. Kelmejham, Wore. N. of Tewkefbury. Kelnfey , Yorkf. E. Riding, near Spurn Head. Kelfal, 6 miles NE. of Chefter. Kelfey , Line, near N. Kelley. Kelfiey, N . Line. W. of Thongcalter. Keljhull, Heits, near Royfton. Kelso, a handfome and populous town of Roxburghfhire, containing a large mar- ket place, it’s principal, with 2 1'mall ftreets, about 376 houfes, and 3550 inha- bitants. It has fome manufactures of flannels, linen, dockings, and fhoes. It is governed by a baron baily, and 15 ftent mafters, who have authority to levy a ftent. K E M ftent, or rate, on the inhabitants, for the fuppiy of water, repairing the ftreets, &c. the former of whom, and 7 of the latter, are appointed by the duke of Roxburgh, who is lord of the manor. The celebrat- ed and magnificent abbey, the ruins of which ftill remain, was founded by David I. in 1128. The environs of it are very agree- able. From the Ghalkbeugh is a beauti- ful view of the forks of the rivers, Rox- burgh Hill, Springwood Park, and the Fieurs. From Pinnacle Hill is f'een a vaft extent of country, highly Cultivated, watered by long reaches of the Tweed, and well woodevi on each margin. Much wheat is raifed in this neighbourhood, and the fleeces of the fheep are remarkably fine. Kelfo has a good market for corn, and is fituated on the river Tweed, over which it has a handfome bridge of 6 arches, at it’s conflux with the Tiviot, 20 miles S W. of Berwick, and 42 SSE. of Edin- burgh. Keljlerne , Line. W. of Louth. Kel. thorp, Rutl. in Ketton parifh. Kelton, Cambridgef. in Lamplugh parifh. Kelton, York/. N. Riding, W. of Rombaldkirk. *Kelvedon, Keldon, Kildane, or Easterford, a town of EfiVx, 3 miles from Witbam, and 41 from London, on the road to Colcheftei . Kehvedon Hatch , Eflex, S. of Ongar. \eUwefion, Somerf. on the Avon, between Bath and Briftol. Kelvin, a river of Londonderry, in Ul- fter, which runs into the Roe, about 4 miles and a half S. of Newton Limavady. Kelyn , a river in Merioneth!’, which runs into the Toveryn, fbon after it’s life. Kemar, a town of Natolia, 8 miles S. of Sinob. Kemberion , Shropf. SW. of Sheffnal. Kemble , Wilts, near Malmfbury. Ketn- blefpetk Hill, Cumb. near the lource of the Cocker. Kemjlorougb, Gloucef- near Painfwick, is a very high hill, that had a caftle, the trenches and fortifications of which are ftill vifible. Jt has a delight- ful profpebl over the vale to Shropfhire, Worceflerfhire, Herefordfhire, and Mon- mouthfhire. Kemeys, Monmouth!'. W. of Weale Wood. Kemeys Commander , Mon- mouthf. NW. of Ulk. Kemin^ham, Norf. Kemlet, or Camlet, a river in Shropfhire. Kemlet, -a river in Denbighf. Kemmerion , Glouc. NE. of Tewkefbury, has a quariy ot free-ftone, and feveral petrifying fprings. On Kemmerton Hill is a large camp, of a triangular fhape, containing 21 acres. On being ploughed, a few years fince, fe- veral Danifh implements were found here. KEN Kempbanh, Yorkfhire, W. Riding, near Templeborougb. Kempen, a town of Cologne. Kempley , Gloucef. 4 miles from Rofsj Kempsford , Gloucef. between Cricklade and Lechlade; the Stroud Canal is ex- tended to this place. Kempfhot , Hants, S. of Bifingfloke. Kempjlon, SW. of Bed- ford. Kempjion , Norf. near Lytcham. Kempten, a town of Mentz ; alfo an imperial town, and a princely abbey, founded, or repaired and enriched, by Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne, in the 8th century, on the Her, to which belong feveral towns and villages ; both in Suabia. Kemptborn, Devon!’, in Clawton parifh. Kempton , Shropf. near Purflow. Kemp - ton, Herts, anciently called Huckinhanger, NW. of Digfweli, near the fource of the Kime. Kemfcot , Oxf. between Radcot Bridge and Lechlade. Kemfey, Wore, on the E. fide of the Severn, below Worcef- ter. Kemfing, Kent, W. of Wrotham. Kemjley Downs, Kent, near Milton. Ken , Somerf. between Kingfwood and Cleve- dpn. Ken, a river ot Pevonf. that runs into the Ex, below Exeter. Ken, or Kan, a river of Weftrnor- land, which rifes about 3 miles E. of Amblefide, flows by Kendal, and empties itfelf into the fandy wafh of Lancafhire, called Morcambe Bay. It has a cataraft near it’s mouth, which renders it incapa- ble of navigation ; fo that the town of Mil- throp, fituated on a little creek, near the mouth of the Ken, is the only port of Weftmorland ; and this is capable of re- ceiving very fmall veflels only, by which the fine Weftmorland flates, hams, and other articles are exported. Ken, a river of Scotland, which rifes in the SW. part of Dumfriesfhire, flows, in a foutherly dire&ion, by the Dalrry, the town of New Galloway, &c. in Kirk- cudbrightshire, below which laft it ex- pands into a fine lake, about 4 miles in length and 1 in breadth, called Kenmoor Loch. Here it is joined by the river Dee. Kenagh, in Longford, Leinfter. Kenchejler, 3 miles W. of Hereford, on the river Ine. Kenchurch , Heref. Ken- comb, Dorfetf. SE. of Beminfter. Kencot , Oxfordfliire, W. of Bampton. *Kendal, alfo called Kirby Can- dale, (that is, a Church in a Valley) a handlome town of Weftmorland, the largeft in the county, and much fuperior to Appleby, in trade, wealth, buildings, and population. It has been long noted for it’s woollen manufactories ; particu- larly knit liockings, a thick fluff, called cottons, KEN cottons, for the clothing of the people in the Weft Indies, and far tailors’ jackets, and linfey woolfey. There is likewife a confiderable tannery : and fifh - hooks, wade filk, and wool-cards are manufac- tured here. The mills for fcouring, full- ing, and frizing cloth $ and for cutting and ral'ping dying-wood, &c. are well worth feeing. So early as the reigns of Richard II. and Henry IV. Kendal was noted for it’s manufactures, fpecial laws having been ena&ed in thofe reigns, for the bet- ter regulation of the Kendal cloths ; and fuch has been the fpirit and induftry of the inhabitants, that they have continued to flour ifh ever fince, notwithftatiding the difadvantage of poffeffing no water-car- riage. Kendal is pleafantly leatecl in a valley, among hills, upon the river Kent, or Kant, over which it has two ftone bridges, and one of wood, with a harbour for boats, and communicating, by a ca- nal, with all the late inland navigations, 46 miles S. of Carlifle, and 259 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Kendalfhire , Gloucef. in Wefterleigh parifh. Kenelrn , Staffordf. near Clcnt. Kenelworth, or Killingworth, Warwickfh. SVV. of Coventry. It had formerly a caftle, encompaffed with a chace and. park, that was the glory of all this part of England. Here the Earl of Lei- cefter entertained Queen Elizabeth and her whole court, in a moft gay and fplendid manner, with a great variety and magni- ficence of feafts and (hows, for 17 days confecutive. It was demolilhed in the ci- vil wars. Market on Wednelday. Kenford , Devonlhire, near Powderbam Caftle. A great thoroughfare on the Ken. Kenford , Suffolk, near Newmarket. Keng - *wick, W. of Worcefter. Keningal , Nor- folk, SE. of E. Hailing. Kenley , Shropf. near Wenlock. Kenmare, a town of Kerry, in Mun- fter, fituated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 12 miles S. of Killarney, and 355 SW. of Dublin. Kenmare River, on the SVV. fide of Kerry, in Munfter, is about 20 miles long and 3 broad. It affords a fafe and capacious harbour, but little frequented. Kennardington , Kent, near Appledore. Kenne, Devonlhire, near Exeter. Kennebek, a river which rifes in the NW. part of the province of Main, in New England} and, flowing in s fouther- ]y direftion, falls into the Atlantic Ocean, between the Bays of Cafco and Penobfcot, on the coaft of the lame province. Kennedon , Devon!’, in Sherford parifh. KEN Kennegy , Cornwall, near Penzance. Ken- nerley , Devonfnire, near Crediton. Kennet, a river celebrated by Pope, as, «« The Kennet fwift, for filver eels renown’d.” It rifes about 4 miles from Marlborough, in Wilts, paffes by Marl- borough, Hungerford, See. to Newbury, in Berks, where it has been made naviga- ble. It joins the Thames, a little below Reading. Kennet , E. and Little , Wilts, on Marl- borough Downs, near the fource of the ri- ver Kennet. Kennington , a village of Sur- ry, one of the eight precinCts of Lambeth. Near it is an extenfive common, noted (till of late) for the execution of malefactors for the county of Surry. Kennington , Kent, near Afhford. Kennington , Berks, in Radley parifh, 1 mile S. of Oxford. Kenfey , a fmall river in Cornwall. Ken- fmgton , a village of Middlefex, 2 miles W. of Hyde Park Corner, London. Here is a royal palace, with very txtenfive gardens, (originally defigned by Kent, and much improved, of late, by Browne) which have become a very fafhionable promenade for the beau monde . Kenfworth , Herts, E.of Stodham. Kent, a county of England, bounded on the W. and SW. by Surry and Suffex j on the N. by the Thames ; on the E. and SE. by the German Ocean and the. Straits of Dover ; and on the S. by Suffex and the Englifh Channel. From E. to W. it is about 58 miles, and from N. to S. from 30 to 36. It is divided into five lathes, under each of which are feveral hundreds, which contain 2 cities, 39 market towns, 408 parifh churches, 1180 villages, near 40,000 houfes, and about 220,000 inha- bitants. In the foil and face of the coun- try, there is great diverfity. The banks of the Thames are low and marfhy, biit backed by a range of chalky eminences, fometimes rifing “to a moderate height. This kind of hard, chalky foil, inclining to barrennefs, extends to theNE. extremi- ty of the county, and thence round to Do- ver, exhibiting it’s nature in the lofty white cliffs, which here bound the ifiand, and produce that (hiking appearance at fea which probably gave it the name of Albion. The S. part of Kent, called the Weald, is a flat, woody tra&, of a clayey foil; fertile, but unwholefome on account of it’s moifture. It terminates in the great Mai fh of Romney. The midland and weftern diftriCts are a happy mixture ot hill and vale, arable and palture, equal in plea- fantnefs, and variety of products, to any part of England. This county produces, betide KEN befide the ufual objects of agriculture, large quantities of hops ; friftt of various kinds, efpecially rherries and apples, of which there are large orchards for the London markets; madder for dying; timber in the. woody parts; and birch twigs for brooms, which form no incon- fiderable article of commerce for the metro- polis. .The country inland from Dover, confiding chiefly of open downs, is excel- lent for feeding of fheep; and many bul- locks are fattened to an extraordinary fize in Romney Marfli. It’s manafa&pres are but trifling. The principal rivers, befide the Thames, are the Medway, Darent, Stour, Cray, and Rother. Maidftone is the county town. Kent, a county of N. America, in the refpeffive dates of Maryland, Dela~ ware, Rhode Ifland, and Conne&icut. Kentaiffe, Mount, a ridge of mountains in the S. of Thibet, bordering on Hindoodan Proper. On the W. fide of this ridge are the two heads of die Ganges, and from it’s E. fide iflues the Sanpoo, or Bunampooter. Kentbridge , Kent, NW. of Rye. Kent-' bury, Berks, SE. of Hungerford. Kent - comb , Higher and Lower, Dorfetf. NW. of Great Toller. Kentditch, SuTTex, NE. of Rye. Kentes, Efiex, SE. of Rochford. Kent Green , Cheftiire, E. of Sandbach. Kenthatch, Kent, S.'of Weftram. Kent - ijbear , Devon!’, on the river Culm, E. of Colu mbton. Keniijbury , Devonf. on St. George’s Channel, W. of Porlock. Ken- ti/h’To'wn , Middlefex, near Hampftead, 3 miles N. of London ; much improved of late by a new chapel, and feveral hand- fome houfes. Kentmere ,' Wedmorl. near Amblefide. The river Ken rifes here, about 3 miles N. from the chapel. Kent- mere Hall is an ancient building, with a tower, danding under a va(f, craggy mountain, near the chapel, and 12 miles N. from the parifh church. Kenton , Mid- dlefex, a mile E. of Harrow on the Hill. Kenton, Middl. NE. of SunbUry. Kenton, Northumb. near Ncwcaftle. Kenton , De- vonf. near Chudleigh. Kent Sand , Lane, a bay in the NW. part of the county, which receives the river Ken, but has fuch dangerous qnickfands, that it cannot be eroded, at low water, wHhcut the aflid- ance of a guide, who is kept there at the public expence. Kentsinguen, a town of Suabia, in the Brifgau, fituated near the E. fide of the Rhine, 13-miles NW. of Friburg. Ke stuck y, a country of N. America, fituated in it’s central part, near the lat. of 38’ o'N, and 85, 0, W, Ion, It is KEN bounded on the N. and NW.by the Ohio; on the E. by Virginia; on the S. by the Tenadee State, including the country of the Upper Cherokees ; and on the W. and SW. by the Miflilfippi and the Cherokee Rivei - . It is about 390 miles in length from E. to W. and from 20 to 150 in breadth from N. to S. and is at prefent divided into 9 counties, 7 of which are Lincoln, Fayette, Bourbon, Mercer, Jeffer- fon, Nelfon, and Maddifon. The princi- pal rivers are the Ohio, the Kentucky, the Licking River, the Red River, the Elk- horn, Dick’s River, Green River, Salt River, Cumberland, and the Great Ken- haway, or New River. Thefe are all na- vigable for boats almod to their fources, without rapids, for the greated part of the year. This country is generally level, and abounds with limedone. The fprings and dreams leffen in June, and continue low, hindering navigation, until Novem- ber, when the autumnal rains prepare the rivers for boats, and replenifn the whole country with water. The foil is amazing- ly fertile: the inhabitants d.idinguidi it’s quality by firft, fecond, and third rate lands ; and fcarcely any fuch thing as a marfh or fvvamp is to be found. This country has a more temperate and healthy climate than the other fettled parts of America. The winter is fhort, and fnow feldom falls deep, or lies long. The W. winds often bring dorms, and the E. winds clear the fky ; but there is no deady rule of weather in that refpedf, as in the north- ern dates. The W. winds are fo me times cold; but the weather, even then, is not fo intenftly ievere as thefe winds are in Peqnfylvania. The country, in general, may be confidered as well timbered, pro- ducing large trees of many kinds, and exceeded by no country in variety. Thofe which are peculiar to Kentucky, are the fugar-maple, which grows in all parts in great plenty, and furnifhes every family with plenty of excellent fugar; and the honey-lociid, which is curioufly furround- ed with large thorny fpikes, bearing broad and long pods, in form of peas, has a fweet tade, and makes excellent beer. Here are alfo the coffee- tree, which great- ly refembies the black oak, grows large, and alfo bears a pod, in which is incloled codee; the papwa-tree, which does not grow to a great fize, is a foft wood, bears a fine fi uir, much like a cucumber in diape and fize,- and fades fweet; black mulber- ry-trees in abundance: the wild cherry- tree, which is of a large fize, and fupplies the inhabitants with boards for all their buildings; the buck-eye, a very foft wood, KEN wood, bearing a remarkably black fruit ; dnd forne other kinds of trees not common elfewhere. Here is great plenty of fine cane, on which the cattle feed, and grow fat : and the cane-brakes are fo thick and tall, that it is difficult to pafs through them. Where no cane grows, there is abundance of wild rye, clover, and buffalo-grafs, co- verimg vaft trails of country, and afford- ing excellent food for cattle. The fields are covered with abundance of wild herb- age, not common to other countries. The Shawanefe lallad, wild lettuce, pepper- grafs, and many more, as yet unknown to the inhabitants, but which, no doubt, have excellent virtues. Here are feen the fineft crown- imperials in the world $ the cardinal-flower, fo much extolled for it’s fcarlet colour ; and all the year, excepting the winter months, the plains and valleys are adorned with variety of flowers of the mod: admirable beauty. Here is alfo found the tulip bearing laurel-tree, or magnola, which has an exquifite fmell, and continues to bloffom and feed for feveral months together. Iron ore and lead are found in abundance, but we do not hear of any lilver or gold mines. The weftern waters produce plenty of filh and fowl. The fifh, common to the Ohio, are the buffalo-filh, of a large fize, and cat-fifh, fometimes exceeding one hundred weight. Trout have been taken in Kentucky Ri- ver, weighing 30 pounds weight. The mullet, rock, perch, gar-filh, and eel, are here in plenty. Suckers, fun fith, and other hook-fiffi, are abundant. On thefe waters, and efpechlly on the Ohio,, the geeie and ducks are amazingly numerous. The land-fowls are turkeys ; a fpecies of grout'e, which the inhabitants called phea- lants ; and quails, to which they give the name of partridges. Here likewife is the •parroquet, a bird every way refembiing a parrot, but much fmalier; and the ivory- bill woodcock, of a whitifia colour, with a white plume. It flies fcreaming exceed- ingly (harp; and it is afferted, that it’s bill is pure ivory ; a circumftance very Angular in the plumy tribe. Here alio is the great owl, refembiing it’s kind in ot her parts, but remarkably different in it’s vo- ciferation, fometimes making a ftrange, furprifing noile, like a man in the moil extreme danger and difficulty. Serpents are not numerous, and are fiuch as are to be found in other parts of the continent, except the bull, the horned, and the mock- afon fnakes. Among the native animals, is the buffalo, much refembiing a large bull, of a great fize, with a large head, thick; ihort, crooked horns, and broader KEN in his forepart than behind. Upon his fhoulder is a large lump of fltfh, covered with a thick bofs of long wool and curly hair, of a dark brown colour. They do not rife from the ground as our cattle, but fpring up at once upon their feet; are of a broad make, and clumfy appearance, with ffiort legs, but run fart, and fcarcely turn afide for any thing when chafed. They weigh from five to ten hundred weight, are excellent meat, fupplying the inhabitants, in many parts, with beef, and their hides make good leather. They are innocent, harmlefs creatures. There are ftill to be found many deer, elks, and bears. There are alfo panthers, wild cats, and wolves. The waters have plenty of beavers, otters, minks, and mufk-rats ; nor are the animals common toother parrs wanting, fuch as foxes, rabbits, fquirreis, racoons, grour d-hogs, polecats, andopof- fums. Mod of the fpecies of the domeftic quadrupeds have been Introduced fince the fettlement ; fuch as horfes, cows, fheep, and hogs, which are prodigioufly multi- plied, fuffered to run in the woods without a keeper, and only brought home when wanted. Many caves are found in this country amazingly large ; in l’ome of which a perlon may travel feveral miles under a fine Jimeftone rock, fupported by curious arches and pillars : in moll of them runs a ftream of water. Kentucky was ; purchafed by the ftate of Virginia, of the Indians, in 1775, and formed into an in- dependent ftate in 1792. In 1790, the number of inhabitants was 73,677, and from it’s rapid iucreafe in population, ; may now probably be eftimated at 200,000. ■ There are many confiderable town:, the principal of which are Lexington and Waffiing ton. Kentucky, a river of N. America, which riles with three heads, about 18 miles to the NW. of the Laurel Moun- tains, in the ftate to which it gives name. One branch, called the North Fork , rifes in ]at. 37. 5. N. and 82. 40, W.; ano- ther, called the South Fork, riles about 45 miles to the W. of the North Fork; and a third branch, called the Middle Fork , rifes between the other two. Thefe branches unite together near Franklinville, and. the united ftream, taking a NW. courfe, falls into the Ohio, in lat. 38. 35. N. and Ion. 85. 30. W. Among the natural curiofities of the country, are the winding banks of this river, and of that ! called Dick’s River. They are rather I precipices than banks ; for, almoft every ! where, the aftoniftied obferver beholds three or four hundred feet of a folid, per- | pendicular | K E R pendicular, limeftone rock ; in Tome parts a fine white marble, either curioufly arch- ed, pillared, or blocked up into fine build- ing (tones. Thefe precipices are like the fides of a deep trench, or canal ; the .land above being level, except where creeks fet in, and crowned with fine groves of red cedar. It is only at particular places that this river can be eroded, one ot which is worthy of admiration ; a great road, large enough for waggons, made by the buffalo, Hoping, with an eafy defcent, from the top to the bottom of a very large fteep hill, at or near the river above Letftovvn. Ken-vil, Surry, near Woking. Ken- K E S in highprefervation, is inclofed with walls, Co prevent injury to it. The colours are incomparably brilliant. Kery, a river in Cardiganshire', which runs into the Tivy at Kiigwyn, about 7 miies above Cardi- gan. Kerfiall , Yorkf. NW. of Leeds. Kefgranje , Suffolk, between Woodbridge and Ipfwich. Kesroan, a chain of mountains in Afia, on the coaft of Syria, which makes a part of Mount Libanus. It is One of the moft pleafant and fertile countries in the Eaft. Kessel, a town ofPruftian Guelderland, with a cattle, feated on the W. fide of the liver Maefe, 7 miles N. of Ruremond. Kessel See, a lake of Carinthia. Kesseldorf, a town of Meiften, in Upper Saxony, 7 miles W. of DrelHen. KeJJilgum , a river in Merionethffiire, which runs into the Avon below Kimner Abbey, about 2 miles below Dolgelly. KeJfmgland^Ss uffol k , near Benacre. Kesteven, one of the three divifions of Lincolnfhire, containing the weftern part of the county, from the middle to the fouth- ern extremity. It poffefies variety of foil j but, on the whole, though intermixed with large heaths, is a fertile country. Part of the fens of Lincoinfhire are in this dittrift j the air of which, however, is more lalu- brious than that of the diftrift of Holland j and the foil , moreover, is more fruitful. Keftle. Cornwall, near Helford Haven. Kejion , Huntingd. NW. of Kimbolton. Kejion , Kent, 5 miles from Bromley, and 14. from London. At Holwcod Hill, in this parifli, are tfie remains of a large and ttrong fortification, probably a Roman one, of an oblong form j the area of which is partly inclofed with rampires. and double ditches, of a great height and depth. It is near 2 miles in circumference, and in- clofes near 100 acres of ground. A path defcends from the camp to the fpring head of the river Ravenfbourn. This river, flows hence through Bromley and Hayes t-o Beckenham and Lewifham, and croft- ing the great road at Deptford Bridge, falls into the Thames a little below. Kefwell, Cornw. near Padftow Haven. KeJ'-well , Abbots and Kings , Devonfh. E. and SE. of Afti bur tom - * Keswick, a fmall, but neat and well- built town of Cumberland, confifting of one long ftreet. It has confiderable ma- i>ufa6lures of woollen fluffs, flannels, duf- fels, & c. and is pleafantly feated in a beautiful and extenfive vale, lurrounded by hills, through which flows the Der- went, 25 miles NW. by N. of Kendal, K E V and 287 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Keswick, Vale of, a romantic fpot, in the foil them par; of Cumbeijand, lately much vifited by the admirers of beautiful fcenes. in nature. Here is the Lake of Kefwick, or more properly, t-he Lake of Derwent Water. To the N. of this ro- mantic piece of water, foars the lofty mountain Skiddaw, near the foot of which is Bafingthwaite Water. To the S. are the craggy hills of Borrowdale, where the eaglet build their nefts, and whence the Derwent derives it’s fupplies of water. See Borrowdale, Basingthwaite, Derwent Water, and Skiddaw. Kefwick , SW. of Norwich. Kefwick , Yorkf. SW. of Wetherby. Kef^worth, Dorfetfhire, near Wareham. Kefs Coity Houfe , Kent, near Aylesford. Kethering- ham , Norfolk, near Windham. Ketterick - fwart , Yorkf. N. Riding, near Catterick Bridge. * Kettering, a handfome, populous, trading town, in Northamptonfhire, with manufa&ures of lace, fhalloons, ferges, tammies, &c. in which near 2000 hands are laid to be employed. It has a fcflions houfe for the county, and is feated on a river that runs into the Nen, 12 miles NE. of Northampton, and 75 NW. of London. Market on Friday. Kettlebajlon , Suffolk, on the river Bre- ton, near Bilfton. This manor is held by the fervice of carrying a golden fceptre, with a dove on it, at the king’s corona- tion, and an ivory fceptre, with a golden dove, at the coronation of the queen. Ket- tleborougb, Suffolk, S. of Framlingham. Kettleby , Line. W. of Alford, near Gland- ford Bridge. Kettlefdale Springy Yorkf. W. Riding, near Kirby Lonidale. Ket - tlefmed, Yorkf. NW. of Rippon. Kettle f- mere , Yorkf. SW. of Mafham. Kettle- fion, Norfolk, between Fakenham and Holt. Kettletborpy near the Foffdyke, N W. of Lincoln. Kettlenwell> Yorkf. W. Rid- ing, lies under a hill, between Langfheth- dale Chafe and Netherdale. Ketton, Durh. on the Skern, N. of Darlington. Ketton , Line. 2 miles from Stamford. Ketton , Rutland, on a rivulet that runs into the Welland, near Tinewell. A certain rent is colle&ed here, annually, from the inha- bitants, of 2s. pro ocreis regime, i. e. for the queen's boots,- though, we do not read of any who ever wore them. It’s church is remarkably neat, having the form of a little cathedral. Kevenny, or Govenny, a river in Monmouthfhire, which runs into the Uik at Abergavenny. Keveny, a river KEY in Anglefey, which ifiues from the high hills N. of Coydana, and runs into the Irifh Channel, on the SW. fide of the illand, z\ miles W. of Newburgh. Ke- verdale , Lane. E. of the Ribble, oppofite to Prefton. Keverel , Cornwall, near St. Germain’s. Kevern, St. Cornw. on the SW. fide of Falmouth Haven. Ke-vernal, 5 miles S. of Hereford. Kevil , Wilts, E. of Trowbridge. Kevington, Kent, in St. Mary Cray parifil. Keav, a village of Surry, on the banks of the Thames, oppo- fite to Old Brentford, and about 7 miles W. by S. of London. On it’s green is Kew Houfe, a royal palace, celebrated for it’s fine gardens, and the king’s exotic garden. The laft has been brought to great perfe£lion by the introduction of many new plants from Africa and New South Wales j and is known throughout ail Europe, by the late Mr. Aiton’s Hor- tus Kewenfis. The palace was formerly the feat of Mr. Molineux, lecretary to the late king (George II.) when prince of Wales, but afterwards became the refi- dence of the late prince and princefs of Wales, who greatly improved both the liouie and gardens. His prefent majefty, alfo, has confiderably enlarged the gardens, and formed a junClion with them and Richmond gardens. From Kew to Brent- ford is a very elegant ftone bridge, of 7 arches, over the Thames, built in 17H9, from a defign of the late Mr. Paine. Kenve, St. Cornw. near Penzance. Ke^we, St. Cornw. between Camelford and Pad- ftow Haven. Kewflock , Somerf. on the Briltoi Channel, between Uphill and Wood- ipring. Kexby , Line, on the Trent, SE. of Gainfborough. Kexby , E. of York, near the Derwent. Kexholm, a town of the Ruffian em- pire, in the government of Wiburg, feated on two fmall iflands of the river Woxen, which here falls into the Lake Ladoga. The houfes are built with wood ; it is not very large, but near it is a coniiderable falmon fifhery. It is 67 miles N. of Pe- terfburgh. Lat. 61. 3. N. Ion. 30. 15. E. Key , Cornw. at the head of Falmouth Haven. Keynele, Wilts, near Caftlecomb. Keynjham, Gloucef. in Woollafton p?rifh. Keynsham, (proverbially called Smo- ky, i. e. foggy) a town of Somerfetfhire, the chief trade of which is malting. In the neighbourhood is a quarry, where ftones are often found of a Terpentine form, but without the reprefentation of a head. Every year, in the fpring, the river here fwarms with millions of little eels, fcarce- Jy as big as goofe quills, which the inha- bitants catch, on -the top of the water, K I A with fmall nets, and fcowerlng off their fkins, by an art which they have, make them into cakes, (reckoned here a dainty) which they fry and eat. It is a great thoroughfare, on the lower road, between Bath and Briftol, and is feated on the ri- ver Avon, over which it has a bridge of 15 arches, (and another bridge over the Chew) 5 miles SE. of Briftol, and 115 W. of London. Market on Thurfday. Keynton, Shropfh. NW. of Newport. Keynton , Little, Dorfetf. in Stower Weft- over parifh. Keynton , St. Michael's , Wilts, E. of Caftlecomb. Keytiton. lVeJl t Wilts, W. of Caftlecomb. Key-ivortb , SE. of Nottingham. Keyfhvortb, Dorfetf. 2 miles NE. of Wareham. Kharkof, a government of-the Ruf- fian empire, bounded on the N. by Kudk, on the E. by Voronetz, and on the S. by Ekaterinoflav. It’s capital, of the fame name, is feated on the river Uda, which falls into the river Donetz, 352 miles S. of Mofcow. Kherson, or Cherson. See Cher- son. Kiaking, a city of China, of the fir ft rank, in the province of Tchekiang. Ca- nals are cut through all parts of the city, and in all the ftreets there are piazzas, to walk under, free from rain. There are many triumphal arches, both within and without the city, and 15 marble towers, on the fides of the canal, by which all tha barks pafs. There is fcarcely a houfe where they do not breed filkvvorms. It is 590 miles SSE. of Pekin. Kiang Nan, a province of China, bounded on the N. bv Chantong $ on the E. by the Gulf of Nanquin ; on the S. by Tchekiang and Kiang-Si ; and on the W. by Honan and Hou-Quang. It con- tains 14 cities of the firft rank, and 93 of the fecond and third, which are very po- pulous, and of the greateft note for trade in the empire. It is the rendezvous of all the great barks, being full of lakes, ri- vers, and canals j and their filks, japanned goods, ink, and paper, are in high efteem. In the city of Changhi only, there are 200,000 weavers of plain cottons and mufiins. Nanking is the capital. Kianc-Si, a province of China, bound- ed on the N. by Kiang-Nan ; on the S. by Quantong ; on the W. by Hou-Quang; and on the E. by Fokien and Tchekiang. The mountains, with which the province is furrounded, are either covered with wood, or famous for their minerals, fim- ples, and medicinal plants. It’s foil is very rich and fertile, being well watered by brooks, lakes, and rivers, which C c abound K I D abound with fiffl j and there are mines of gold, filver, lead, iron, and tin. The rice and arrack here are excellent ; but it is more particularly noted for it's fine porce- lain, which is made at Kiang-Teching. Kiangtcheou, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in the province of Chanfi. It is 300 miles SW. of Pekin. Kibberd, Cornwall, SW. of Columb. KibbleJ ‘worth, Durham, in Lamfley parifh. Kiburg, a town of Zurich. Kibwortb Beauchamps Leicef. NW. of Hallaton. KicU.onv, Cornw. SW. of Tru- ro. Kickfend, Middl. near Barnet. Kidal , Yorkf. near Aberfortb. Kidbrook Hally SolTex, 2 miles from Ead Grinded. Kid- demore Green , Stafford f. near Brewood. ♦Kidderminster, a town of Wor- eefterlhire, the principal manufa6luring place in the county, and long celebrated for it’s different manufa&ures of woollens, carpets, poplins, crapes, bombazeens, Sec. The inhabitants are about 5800. It’* former trade of fluffs, however, is much declined, on account of the general ufe of $otton goods ; but it's carpet manufa&pry has greatly increafed ; and it is ftill the fil’d market in England for pile, or plufh car- pets, which, for beauty of colour and pat- terns, exceed any other. Thefe are fre- quently called Wilton, from having been fird made at that town ; but, at prelent, by much the greater part are made at Kid- derminfler. The filk and worded trades have alfo been introduced here, and employ about 2000 hands. The goods go chief- ly to Portugal, and their carriage has been much facilitated by the late canal commu- nications. It is leated under a hill, on the river Stour, 14 miles SE. of Bridge- north, and 125 NW. of London. Mar- ket on Thurfday. Kiddejley Park, Derbyf. S. of Alfreton. Kiddington , Chefhire, near Malpas. Kid- dington , Oxford!'. 4 miles from Wooddock, on the river Glym, which divides the pa- rifh in two parts. The chancel of it’s church is in the Saxon or Norman ftyle, with a zigzag arch behind the altar. In the garden of the manor houfe, is an an- tique font, brought from Edward the Confeffor’s chapel, at Iflip, and wherein, as fome fay, he received baptifm. In Hill Wood, near this place, is a Roman encampment, in extraordinary preierva- tion, but little noticed. Kiderenjj, Staff, near Talk. Kidwelly, a town of Carmarthen- fflire, noted formerly for the clothing trade. Here is a callle, the very large remains of which, extremely well preferv- ed, fhew it to have been very (lately and k 1 L magnificent. A canal has been cut from hence to fome collieries at Pwllvgod, about 4 miles aidant, whence coal is brought down and exported. It is fituated on the Gwandrath Vach, a branch of the Towy, which empties itfelf into that river, at its efflux into the Briltol Channel, 9 miles S. of Carmarthen, and 224 W. by N. of London. Mai kelson Wednefday and Sa- turday. Fairs on May 24, July 22, and Oilober 29. Kiel, a rich and confiderable town of Germany, capital of Ruffian Holllein, containing a univerfity, a college or gym- nafium, 3 churches, and about 800 houfes. It Hands upon a fmall peninfula, in a bay of the Baltic, and has a very commodious harbour for fflips of the larged fize. It is already one of the mod commercial places in Holdeinj and it’s trade will be dill further augmented, as the inland naviga- tion acrofs the peninfula is now finiffled. By this navigation it is propofed to unite the Northern Sea with the Baltic ; and it has been formed acrofs Daniffl Holftein by the Canal of Kiel, and the river Eyder, which pafles by Rendfflurgh, and falls in- to the German Ocean at Towningen. This canal was begun in 1777, "and has been lately finiffled, and opened for navi- gation. Kiel is 46 miles N. of Hamburg. Kighley, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, feated in a valley furrounded by hills, at the meeting of two brooks, which fall into the river Are, a mile be- low. It communicates with all the late inland navigations, and is 6 miles SE. of Skipton, in Craven. Kilabra’nar , in Cork, Munder. Kilbarchan, Renfrewfflire, 5 miles SW. of Renfrew. ♦Kilbeggan, a town of Wed Meath, in Leiniter, feated on the river Brofna, 44 miles W. of Dublin. Kilberry, in Kildare, Leinller. Kilbixy, in Well Meath, Leinder. Kilbolaney in Cork, Munder. Kilborn , Middl. in Hampdead pariffl. Kilbride, a town of Lanerkfflire, $ miles W. of Hamilton. Kilbritton y in Cork, Munder. Kilbro - 1 ney , near RofeXrevor, in Down, UKler. Kilburn t Derbyffl. between Dqrby and r Alfreton. Kilburn, Upper and Lo-zver, York!’. N. Riding, 1 mile from Coxwoid. 4 Kilby, Leicef. W. of Hallaton. Kilchatb , (t Lancafflire, S. of Leigh. Kilclaran , in Kildare, Leinder. ♦Kilcock, a town of Kildare, in Leinder, feated on a branch of the river Lidey, 14 miles W. of Dublin. Cilcoe, in Cork, Munder. Kihogny, K I L Cavan, Ulfter. Kilconnel , in Galway, Connaught. Kilcool , in Wicklow, Lein- fter, 1 6 miles from Dublin. Kilcooly , in Tipperary, Munfter. Ki' cor ban, in Gal- way, Connaught. Kilcorkey , in Roicom- mon, Connaught. Kilcot , Gloucef. in Hawkefbury parifti. Kilcot , Gioucef. in Newent parifti. Kilcriji , in Galway, Connaught. Kil- croban, in Kerry, Munfter. *Kilcullen, a town of Kildare, in Leinfter, feated on the river Liffey, ei miles SW. of Dublin, on the great road between that city and Cork. Kilcumner , in Cork, Munfter. Kilcum- men, in King’s County, Leinfter. Kilda, St. a fmall ifland of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, about n leagues W. ol North Uift. The inhabitants live chief- ly by fiftiing and catching wild fowls. In the latter employment, they are amaz- ingly adventurous, being let down by a rope from the fummit of high, precipitous rocks, where they clamber among the rugged cliffs, in learch of the eggs and nelts of various birds. But the more fafe and common method of catching thefe fowls is, by fpreading a large net over the face of the rock, where they lodge, in which great numbers are at once entangl- ed, and lowered down into a boat. St. Kilda is the moft wefterly ifland of Great Britain. Lat. 55.48. N. Ion. 8. 18. W. Kildale, Yorkf. E. of Stokefley. Kildangon , in Kildare, Leinfter. * Kildare, a town of Leinfter, capital of a county of the fame name. It is chief- ly fupported by frequent horfe- races, on what is called the Curragh , (a fine plain, containing upwards of 3000 acres) and is 27 miles SW. of Dublin. Kildare, a county in the province of Leinfter, 33 miles in length, and from 12 to 21 in breadth. It is bounded on the W. by King and Queen’s County; on the N. by Meath; ou the E. by Dublin and Wicklow; and on the S. by Carlow. It contains 11,200 ho r ufes, and about 56.000 inhabitants, and is a fine, arable, fertile country, well watered by the Bar- row, Liffey, Boyne, and other rivers. Kildorery , in Cork, Munfter. Kildrog- hil/ t in Kildare, Leinfter. Kildyfart , in Clare, Munfter. Kilevalty , in W. Meath, Leinfter. Kilfenora , in Clare, Munfter, J2 miles NW. of Ennis. Kilfenny Com- mon, in Limerick, Munfter. Kiljiacle , in Tipperary, Munfter. Kilfin, in Kerry, Munfter. Kiljinane , in Limerick, Mun- fter. Kilgarren, a town of Pembroke- shire feated on the S. fide of the river k 1 L Tyvy, 30 miles N. of Pembroke, and 227 WN W. of London. Near it is a remark- able falmon-leap, and alTo large works' for the fabricating of tin plates. Market on Widnelday. Kilgartb, Cornwall, W. of Weftloo. Kilgarvan, in Kerry, Munfter. Krl- garvan, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Kil- glajj'an , in Mayo. Connaught. Kilgobnet % in Waterford, Munfter. Kdgola , in Ca- van, Ulfter. Kilgoruck, Mortm. N. of Srrogle Caftle. Kilgutb , Cornw. a fteep, high rock, point- ing into the fea, at the Land's End, N. of Whitfand Bay. Kilham, a town in the E. Riding of Yorklhire, in the Woulds. It is about 4 furlongs in length, and ftands in a good foil for corn, 28 miles N. of Hull, and 200 N. of London. Market on Thurfday. Kilholm , Yorkfhire, cn the river Torre, near Doncafter Heath. Kilia, a town of BefTarabia, at tha mouth of the river Danube, fiiuated in an ifland formed by it, 20 miles ENE. of Ifinael, and 290 NE. of Conftantinoplej Kilkeele , in Down, Ulfter. Kilkelly , iji Rofcommon, Connaught. * Kilkenny, a populous, trading towm of Ireland, capital of a county of the famt* name. It has a fmall cathedral, is one of the neateft towns in the kingdom, and contains about 17,000 inhabitants. Tha borough of St. Canice, or Irifh Town, is joined to Englifh Town, which is the principal, and, both together, form one large town. The manufactures chiefly- carried on here, are coarl'e woollen cloths, blankets of extraordinary fine quality, and confiderable quantities of ftarch. The houfes are decorated with a beautiful black and white marble, dug from quar- ries near the town, and which is cut and poli filed by water. It i,s feated on the ri- ver Nore, over which it has tw© handfomes bridges, 26 miles N. of Waterford, 65 NE. of Cork, and 54 SW. of Dublin* Lat. 52. 36. N. Ion. 7. 18. W. Kilkenny, a county of Ireland, in the: province of Leinfter, 35 miles in lengths and 1 8 in breadth. It is bounded on tha W. by Tipperary ; on the N. by Queen’s County ; on the E. by Carlow and Wex- ford ; and on the S. by Waterford. It contains 127 parifhes, about 17,7501 Houfes, and near 100,000 inhabitants.. The furface is generally level, and the foil fertile, and, being proper for tillage, pro- duces corn, wool, marble, and a fpecies of coal, which, like charcoal, burns with- out fmoke. The country abounds with fine plantations, and is, from the purity C c % of K I L of the air*, efteemed extremely healthful. The principal rivers are the Barrow, which bounds it on the E. the Suir, which forms it’s foutiiern boundary, and the Nore, which croffes it from N. to S. Kilkbampton, Cornwall, near Hartland Point, 3 miles N. ofbtratton. Kill , in Dublin, Leinfter, 5 miles from the metropolis. Kill, in Kildare, Lein- fcer. Killacounty, in Cprk, Mu n tier. Killagh, in Kerry, Mu niter. *' Kill ala, a fea port of Mayo, in Connaught, but of little confeqiience, fituated on a fine bay of the Atlantic, to which it gives name, 21 miles N. of Caf- tlebar, and 127 NW. of Dublin. Killaloan, in Waterford, Munfter. * Kill aloe, a city of Clare, in Mun- fter, leated on the river Shannon, over which it has a bridge of 19 arches, 10 miles N. of Limerick, and 86 SW. of Dublin. Here is a conliderable falmon and eel fifhet y. Killam , Northumb. S. of Brankefton. *Killarney, a town of Kerry, in Munlter, fituated on the fide of the lake of the fame name, 36 miles W. of Cork, 50 SW. of Limerick, and 143 SW. of Dublin. Within half a mile of this place are the ruins of the cathedral of Aghadoe, an ancient bilhoprick united to Ardfert. Killarney, a beautiful lake of Ker- ry, in Munfter, otherwife called Lough Lean, from it’s being furrounded by high mountains. It is properly divided into three parts, called the Lower, Middle, and Upper Lakes. The northern, or lower lake, is about 6 milts in length, and from 3 to 4 in breadth. The country on this and the e a Hern boundary, is here and there di- verfified with gentle fwells, many of which afford beautiful profpe&s of the lake, the iflands, and furrounding fcenery. TheS. fliore is Compofed of immenfe mountains, rifing abruptly from the water, and cover- ed with woods of the fineft timber. From the centre of the lake, the view of this range is affcnifhingly 1’ublime, prefenting to the eye. an extent of foreft 6 miles in length, and from half a mile to a mile in breadth; hanging as a robe of rich luxu- riance on the fides of two mountains, whole bare tops, rifing above the whole, form a perfect contrail to the verdure of the lower region. On the fide of one of thefe mountains is O’Sullivan’s Cafcr.de, which falls into the lake with a roar that ftrikes the timid with awe. The view of this fiieet of water is uncommonly fin^, appearing as if it were defcending from an aich of wood, which overhangs it above yo feet in height from the point of view. K I L Coafting along this (hore affords an al- moft endiefs entertainment, every change of pofition prefenting a new fcene; the rocks hollowed and worn into a variety of forms by the waves, and the trees and ftirubs burfting from the pores of the fap- lefs ftone, forced to affume the mod un- couth fhapes, to adapt theml'elves to their fantaftic fituations. The iflands are ne'e fo numerous in this as in the upper lake; but there is one of uncommon beauty, namely, Innisfallen, nearly oppofite O’Sul- livan's Cafcadea It contains 18 Irifh acres. The co ill is formed into a variety of bays and promontories, fkirted and crowned with arbutus, holly, and other Ihrubs and trees. The interior parts are diverfified with hills and dales, and gentle declivi- ties, on which every tree and Ihrub ap- pears to advantage: the foil is rich, even to exuberance; and trees of the largeft fize incline acrofs the vales, forming natu- ral arches, with ivy intwining in the branches, and hanging in feltoons of foli- age. The promontory of Mucrufs, which divides the upper from the lower lake, is a perfett land of enchantment; and a road is carried through the centre of it, which unfolds all the interior beauties of the place. Among the diftant mountains, Turk appears an obje£l of magnificence ; and Mangerton’s more lofty, though lefs interefting fummit, foars above the whole. The paffage to the upper lake is round the extremity of Mucrufs, which confines it on one fide; and the approaching mountains on the other. Here is that celebrated rock, called The Eagle’s Ned, which produces wonderful echoes. A French horn found- ed here, raifes a concert fuperior to 100 -inftruments, in fome fituations ; and the report of a iingle cannon is anfwered by a fueceflion of peals refembling the loudeft: thunder, which feems to travel the fur- rounding fcenery, and die away among the dilfant mountains. The upper lake is about 4 miles in length, and from 2 to 3 in breadth; it is almoff furrounded by mountains, from which defcend a number of beautiful caf- cades. The iflands in this lake are nu- merous, and afford an amazing variety of pi&urefque views. The centre lake, which communicates with the upper, is fmall in companion with the other two, and dots not Ihew an equal variety. The fliores, however, are, in many places, in- dented with beautiful bays, furrounded with dark groves of trees, fome of which have a very pi&urefque appearance, when viewed from the water. The eallern boundary is formed by the bafe of Man- gerton, down the fteep fide of which de- feends K I L fcends a cafcade, vifible for 150 yards. This fall of water is i'upplied by a circu- lar lake near the’ l'ummit of the mountain, called the Devil’s Punch Bowl ; which, on account of it’s immenfe depth, ami conti- nual overflow of water, is confidence! as one of the great eft curiofities in KHlarney. One of the belt profpe&s which this ad- mired lake affords, is from a fifing ground near the ruined cathedral of Aghadoe. In the feveral mountains adjacent to the lakes, veftiges of ancient mines of iron, lead, and copper, are ftill to be leen. Killajbee , in Longford, Leinfter. Kill- barmedan , in Waterford, Munfter. Kill- barrack , in Dublin, Leinfter, 5 miles from the metropolis. Killberry , in Meath, Lein- fter. Killbirnie, a town of Ayrfhire, 8 miles N. of Irvine. Kill Buck Town, a town of N. America, in the country’ W. of Virginia. Lat. 40. 50. N. lcn. 81. 55 - W. Killburne , Killcaragh , Killcajh , and Kill- cockan , all in Waterford, Munfter. Kill- coole> in Wicklow, Leinfter. Killcop and Killea , in Waterford, Munfter. Killear t in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Killedmund , in Carlow, Leinfter. Killegate , Cornw. SW. of the Looes. Killeigh , in King’s County, Leinfter. Killelagb, in Cork, Munfter, 4 miles from Youghal. Killemley , in Kerry, Munfter. Killen , in Tipperary, Munfter. Killenane t in Kerry, Munfter, N. of Cahir. Killeny , in Dublin, Leinfter. Killerby, Durham, near Raby Caftle, KiJlerby y Yorkfhire, S. of Scarborough. Killejbyy Northamptonf. N. of Daventry. Killefdon , Somerfetfhire, near Taunton. * Kill e shan dr a, a town of Cavan, in Ulfter, 8 miles SW. of Cavan town. Killiter y in Tyrone, Ulfter. Killevan, a town of Monaghan, in Ulfter, 8 miles SW. of the town of Mona- ghan. Killiboy, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Kilucrankie, a noted pafsof Perth- fhire, near the jun&ion of the Tumel with the Garry. It is the grand entrance into the Highlands in thofe parts, and is- form- ed by the lofty mountains impending over the Garry, which ru flies through in a deep, darkfome, and rocky channel, overhung with trees, forming a feene of horrible grandeur. In the laft century, this was a pafs of much difficulty and danger : a „ path hanging over a tremendous precipice tlueatened deftru&ion to the lead falfe ftep of the traveller. At prefent, a fine road, formed by the foidiery lent by govern- IUL ment, gives an eafy accefs to the remote Highlands; and the two fides are joined by a fine arch. KilUgordon.y in Donegal, Ulfter. Killigrenv^ Cornwall, NE. of Truro, Killimore ■. rn Galway, Connaught. Killinaule, a town of Tipperary, in MunfteiS 14 miles N. of Clonmell. Killinchy, in Down, Ulfter. Killingbury, on theNen, SW. of North- ampton. KilUngholmy Lincolnf. NVV. of Grimfoy. Killingsley, a town of Connecticut, 22 miles N. of Norwich. Killington, Weftm. on the Lune, NE. of Kirby Lonfdale. The manor houfe is an ancient tower houfe. Killing^vold Grove, Yorkf. near Beverley. Killing- vcorthy Northumberl. 4 miles N. of New- caftle. Killingworth, a town of Connec- ticut. Killinicky in Wexford. Leinfter. Killio'w, Cornwall, N. of Tregony. Kilbnacabea , in Cork, Munfter. Kill - maednagb, in Galway, Connaught, 2 miles W. of Gort. The walls of a cathedral, the ruins of a monaftery, and of feveral chapels, with a large round tower, of ve- ry ancient and rude mafonry, denote the priftine confequence of this now wretched village. Killmaclfgey Killmacompe, Kill - meaden, and Killmolajhy all in Waterford, Munfter. Killmaurs, a town of Ayrfhire, 4 miles ENE. of Irvine. Killoges , in Mayo, Connaught. Ktllo - ter any in Waterford, Munfter. Killough, or Port St. Anne, a town of Down, in Ulfter, 76 miles N. by E. of Dublin. It lies N. of St. John’s Point, and has a good quay, from which confiderable quantities of bailey are ex- ported. Here is a profitable manufac- ture of fait. At a fmall diftance from the town, near the fea, is a rock, in which there is an oblong hole, whence a ftrange noife is heard, at the ebbing and flowing of the tide, fernewhat refembling the found of a huntfman’s horn. At the coming in of the tide, whilft the waters are beating up under the rock, a cold air birrfts from it with a mixture of fpray j but as the waters retire during the ebb, there is a ftroog; draft of air lets in at the hole, to fill up or prevent the vacuum which the retiring of the water would produce. In an open field, about a quarter of a mile from the town, there is a very curious cave, about 27 yards long, which lias a winding paffage, two feet and a half broad, C c 3 with K I L with 3 doors in it, befides the entrance, leading to a circular chamber, 3 yards in diameter, where there is a fine, cool, lim- pid well. K'illonv , in Derry, Ulfter. Killowen Point , an excellent natural harbour, about 2 miles S. of Reftrevor, in Dowli, Ulfter. Kill, St. Nicholas , in Waterford, Munfter, between the city of Waterford and the fea. Killsyth, a town of Stirlingfhire, 9 miles SSW. of Stirling. Killucan and Killuquin, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Killunkart and Kiilure, in Wa- terford, Munfter. Killy, Northumberland, near Norham. *Killybegs, a town of Donegal, Ul- fter, with a fpacious harbour on the N. fide of Donegal Bay, which may be enter- ed at any time of the tide. The herring fifhery is yet it’s principal bufinefs, but it’s trade is increasing, and the place im- proved. It is 13 miles SW. of Donegal, and 123 NW. ol Dublin. Killy Leagh, a town of Down, in Ulfter, fituated on the W. coaft of Strang- l'd Lough, with a fafe harbour for vel- iels, 15 miles SSE. of Belfaft. It is a thriving place, with a linen and thread manufactory, and adjoining it is a little bay, where fiiips may be (heltered from all winds. Kiliyman * in Tyrone, Ulfter. Killyock , in Donegal, Ulfter. Killyon, in King’s County, Leinfter. Kilmacahilly in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Kilmacaloge , in Kerry, Munfter; with a harbour on the S. fide of Ken mare river. Kilmaclenon, in Cork, Munfter. Kilmacrenan, in Donegal, Ul- fter. * Kilmacthomas, a town of Water- ford, in Munfter, 10 miles SW. of Wa- terford. Kilmagannyy in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Kilmain , in Mayo, Connaught. Kilm ainham, a decayed fort of town, fituated on the W. extremity of the city of Dublin, in a pretty little valley, on the great weftern road. It was Tome time the l'eat of government, before the caftle at Dublin was appropriated to that purpofe. A ftream of water runs in the bottom, which carries fome mills, and on which there are feveral tan yards. On the hill on one fide, (lands the Royal Holpital of In- valids, an elegant building; and, on the oppofite hill, the Foundling Holpital. The <]uai ter-feflions lor the county of Dublin, and the eleCtion for the knights of the (hire, are held here. Kilmallock, a once celebrated, but now decayed, town of Limerick, in Mun- fter. From it’s many and extenfive ruins. K I L it has obtained the name of the Irifli Bal- beck. About two centuries ago, it ap- pears to have been one of the bell built in- land towns in the kingdom ; the walls of many large houfes, ol ftone and excellent workmanftiip, with the ruins of churches and monafteries, walls arid gates, remain to this day, to teftify it’s former fplendor. It is 16 miles S. ,of Limerick, and 107 SW. of Dublin. Kilmanbridge , Surry, in Charlewood pa- rifti, is fo called from a great (laughter made of the DanHh plunderers, by the in- habitants of this county and SutTex. Kilmarnock, a town of Ayrfhire, containing about 5670 inhabitants. It is noted for it’s manufactures of gloves, car- pets, (lockings, night-caps, bonnets, and other woollen goods, and is 15 miles SW. ol Glafgow. Kilmarr Rocky Cornwall, on a very high hill, N. of Lefkard, has at a diftance the appearance of a city, though it be only a covert for foxes. Kilmarjhy Yorkfltire, near Sheffield. Kilmatague, in Sligo, Connaught. Kil - meague , in Kildare, Leinfter. Kilmeaf- hill, in Wexford, Leinfter. Kilmelchedor , in Kerry, Munfter. Kilmerfdon , Somerf. NW. of Frome. Kilmiddy y in Limerick, Munfter. Kilmington, Devonf. near Axminfter, is a corruption for Kill Men Town, from the great (laughter made in the neighbouring field, to this day called King’s Field, where King Athelftan fought and defeated feven Dani(h princes. Kilmtckely in Clare, Munfter. Kilmoon, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. Kilmore , in Down, Ulfter. Kilmore , in Cavan, Ulfter. Kilmore Bridgey in Galway, Connaught. Kilmuckridge , in Wexford, Leinfter. Kil- murraghan and Kilmurry, in Cork, Mun- fter. Kilmurry, in Clare, Munfter. Kil- murry, in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Kilmurryi- hrickan and Kilmurrymacmahon , in Clare, Munfter. Kilnaleck , in Cavan, Ulfter. Kilnenay in Clare, Munfter. Kilncner, in Wexford, Leinfter. Kilnockin, in Tippe- rary, Munfter. Kibifey , Yorkfliire, in Holdernefs, near Spurnhead. Kilnfey Cragy Yorkfliire, NE. of Settle. Here is a cataraCl formed by the river Wharfe, which, Mr. Camden fays, is the higheft and fteepeft he ever law. Kilorglin , in Kerry, Munfter. Kilpeck , Herefordftiire, near Great Dew- church. Kilpbiy York(hire, E. of Howden. Kilrea, in Derry, Ulfter. Kilrenela f in Wicklow, Leinfter. Kilrenny, a townof Fifelhire, 7 miles SSW. of St, Andrews. *Kilrvsr, K I M *Kilrusm, a town of Clare, in Mun- fter, 142 miles from Dublin. Kilfallagban , in Dublin, Leinfter. A/ 7 - fhanick , in Cork, Munfter, S. of the river Blackwater. Kilflock. Somerf. near Stokeguriey. Kiltallagh , in Kerry, Munfter. Kiltar- lon , in Galway, Connaught. Kiltearn, a town of Rofsfhire. Kilteel, in Kildare, Leinfter. Kilteely , in Limerick, Munfter. Kilternan , in Dub- lin, Leinfter. Kilton, Nott. near Workfop. Kiltcn , Somerf. on the Briftol Channel, between the Start Point and Watcher. Kilton , Yorkf. NE. of Gifhorough. Kifoe, So- merf. near Kilton. Kil-verflon , Norfolk, NE. of Thetford, Kil-viu , a river of Scotland, which runs into the Clyde, 4 miles NW. of Glafgow. Kiluington, Nott. near Normanton. Kzlvington, N. and S. Yorkf. nearThirfk. Kilurane , in Wexford, Leinfter. A 77 - water, in Antrim, Ulfter. Kilwick, Yorkfhire, E. Riding, near Watton Abbey. Kilwick Percy , York- fhire, near Pocklington. Kilwinning, a town of Ayr/hire, 3 miles NNW. of Irvine. * Kil worth, a town of Cork, in Munfter ; at the foot of a large ridge of mountains, called Kilworth Mountains. Below the town, runs the river Funcheon, which is well ftored with trout and falmon, and discharges itfelf into the Blackwater. It is 108 miles SW. of Dublin. Kilworth Harcourt , Leic. N W. of Hal- laton. Kilworth , N. and S. Leic. W. of Hatborough, near the Avon. Kimbell , Great and Little , Bucks, near Wendover. Kimberley , Norf. near Hingham. Kim- berley. NW. of Nottingham, between the rivers Erwafh and Lyne. Kimberley Hally Warw. near Hurley. Kimbolton , Heref. NE. of Leominfter. *Kimeolton, a town of Huntingdon- fhire, which, with it’s caftle, wherein Qu°en Catharine, who was jointured in it, retided for fome time after her divorce from Henry VIII. and which has been lately much improved, or rather new built, in an elegant ftyle, by the duke of Manchefter, is confidered as a great ornament to the wcftern part of the county. It is 8 miles WSW. of Huntingdon, and 64 N. of London. Market on Friday. Kimeridge, Great and Little, Dorfetf. in the Itle of Purbeck, N. of Kimeridge Bay, fometimes called Botteridge Pool. Here is an alum mine, and fome coals of the foftil kind, and copperas (tones. Kim i, a town, capital of a diftrifl of K I N W. Bothnia, fituated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, which here falls into the Gulf of Bothnia, 10 miles SB. of Tornea. Kimpton , Hants, SW. of Andover. Kin, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in the province of Chenfn It is 527 miles SW. of Pekin. Kin, a town of Segeftan, in Perlia, fi- tuated in a pure air, and in a fertile foil, efpecially in fruit, near the Lake Zare, no leagues E. of Ifpahan, and 127 W. of Candahar. Kinajlon, NW. of Shrewfbury. Kinaf- ton , Staff. W. of Needwood Foreft. Kinburn, a Ruffian fortrefs of Eka- terinoflav, fituated on a bay of the Black Sea, at the mouth of the Dnieper, 16 miles SE. of Ockzakow, on the oppofite fide of the river. Kincardine^ -Hiely a village of Aber- deenfhire, leated on the Dee, 29 miles W. of Aberdeen. Kincardineshire, or Mearns, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Abetdeenfnire, on the E. by the German Ocean, on the W. by the counties of An- gus and Aberdeen, and on the S. by that of Angus. It’s length along the coaft is fcarcely 30 miles ; it’s mean breadth is about 17. The country, in general, is pretty level, producing plenty of corn and pafture. It is watered by feveral rivers, and there are many convenient harbours on the coaft. Inverbervie and Stonehaven are the principal towns. Kincardine, a town of Perthfhire, aa miles S. of Perth. Kincbley , Durham, near Newbiggen. Kincott, Leic. on the river Swift, E. of Lutterworth. Kinder , Derby (hire, in the High Peak. Kinderhook, a town of New York, 105 miles N. of New York. Kinderton, Chefhire, near Middlewich, Kineley , Northumh. SW. of Hexham. Kinelmeakyy in Cork, Munfter. Kinerjley Chapel , Shropf. S. of Knoking Caftle. *Kineton, a town in Warwickfhire, held, as it's name imports, by the kings of England, if not before, yet certainly by Edward the ConfefTor and William the Conqueror. King John kept his court in the caftle here, ft is 9 miles E. of Stratford, and 88 WNW. of London. Market on Tuelday, chiefly for black cattle. Kineton Parva, Warwickf. is a ham- let of Kineton. Kingan, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Kiangfi. It is C c 4. fituautf K I N (stuped on the river Kan, in an uneven, but fertile and agreeable country, 795 miles S. of Pekin. King and Queen, a town of Virginia. Kingbarronjo, Wilts, near Witton, Kingerby , Line. NW. of Market Raifin. Kinget, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. King George, a county of Virginia, King George’s Islands, z iffands in the S Pacific Ocean, difeovered by Commodore Byron, in 1765, and vi fifed by Capt. Cook, in 1773. The larger is about 27 miles^ in circumference, low, and bordered by a coral rock, Lat. 14.. 41, N. Jon. 149. 15. W. King George’s Sound, the name given 'oy Captain Cook, in 1778, to the harbour which he difeovered on the W. coaft of N. America, at the mouth of a great river, in Ion. 126. 48. W. arid lat. 49. 33. N. Bat the natives called it Nootka; the name now generally adopted by the Englifh. Upon the fea-coaff, the land is tolerably high and level but with- in the Sound, it rifes into fteep hills, which have a uniform appearance. The trees, of which the wpocts are compofed, are the Canadian pine, white cypres*, and two or three other forts of pine. In ge- neral, the trees grow here with great vi- gour, and are of a large (ize. About the rocks and borders of the woods, were feen f’ome ifravvbejrry plants and rafpberry,. cur- rants, and goofeberry bufhes, all in a flou- nfhing ftate. The principal animals feen here were racoons, martens, and fquirrels. Birds are far from being numerous, and thofe that are to he feen are remarkably fhy, owing, perhaps, to their being conti- nually harafied by the natives, who take them for food, and ufe their feathers as ornaments. The variety of filh is not very •great here, yet they are in greater quantities than birds. The principal forts are the common herring, a filver- coloured bream, and another of a brown colour. The ftature of the natives is, in general, below the common ftandard $ but their pcrlbns are not proportionally flender, being ufually pretty plump, though not inulcular. Tjie women are, in general, of the fame fize and proportion as the men. Their bodies are always covered with red paint, hut their faces are orqamented with a variety of colours, a black, a bright red, or a white colour ; the laft'of which gives them a ghaftly and horrible appearance. They appear to be docile, courteous, and good-natured i but they are quick in re- lenting injuries, and as quickly forget them. A rattle and a fmall whittle are the only irdti uments of mufiic that were feen K I N among them. Their houfes confift of very long, broad planks, refting upon the edges of each other, tied in different parts, with withes of pine-bark. Their furniture confifts principally of chefts and boxes of various fizes, piled upon each other, at the Tides or ends of their houfes, in which are depofited their garments, and whatever they deern valuable. They have alfo Iquare and oblong pails, and bowls to eat their food out of, &c. From their curing their f:(h in their houfes, and leaving the bones and fragments in heaps of filth before the doors, and from their houfes being with- out chimneys, their habitations have a ffrong, di (agreeable fmell of train-oil, fifii, ibid linoke. King George’s Town, a town of Virginia. Kingham , Oxf. near Chipping Norton, is noted for excellent lcowtring land. Kingkorn, a town of Fifefiiire, on the N. fide of the Frith of Forth, oppofite Leith. Kingle , Wai wlcklhire, near Ragley. Kinglay, Lancafhire, SE. of Bolton. Kingroad, at the mouth of the Avon, in Briffol Channel, whence the outward bound ffiips generally take their depai ture. Kiqgfale, Suffex, SW. ofRudgwick. Kingsberrv, a town of Maryland, 3 miles W. of Baltimore. Kingsbridge, a pretty town of De- vonfhire, confifting of about 150 houfs. It is leated at the head of a fmall liver, which falls into the Tea a little below, af- fording a harbour for boats. Here is a bridge over the Salcomb to Dodbrook. It is 14 miles SW of Dartmouth, and 218 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Kingjbrome , Warw. near Bitford, in the road to Aulceffer. King's Brumpton , So- rnerf. 3 miles N. of Duiverton. King/- burn, Herts, between St. Alban’s and Luton. Kingsbury, a town of New York. Kingjbury, Herts, at the W. end of St. Alban’s, has it’s name from the Saxon kings, who often kept thtir court here. Kingjbury , Midd. between Hendon and Harrow on the Hill. Kingjbury, Somer- fetf. near Chard. Kingjbury , Warw. on the river Tame, delightfully firuated 3mongft woods, hills, and fine meadows, on the borders of Sutton Chace. It is luppofed to have been a leat of !ome of the Mercian kings. King's Chapel, Heref. on the Wye, bet ween Rots and Holm Lacy. Kingsclear, a town in Hants, plea- fantly fituated on the edge of the downs, near Berks, 9 miles N. by W. of Bafing- ftoke. K I N ftoke, and 56 SSW. of London. It was once the feat of the Wed Saxon kings. Market on Tuefday. King's Cliff, Northamp. 6 miles S. of Stamford. Kingfcot , Glouc. E. of Durf- ley. King's Crofs, Btdf. between Bedford and Newenham. King’s County, a county of New York. King's County, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, 34. miles in length, and from 30 to 17 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by Weft Meath j on the E. by Kildare and Queen’s County j on the S. by Queen’s County and Tippe- rary} and on the W. by the river Shan- non and a part of Tipperary. The foil is various ; in fome parts it is very fertile, in others net io rich, nor f’o well inhabited as fome other counties. It contains 52 parifhes, about 13*536 houfes, and 74,500 inhabitants: the capital is Philipftown, King's Court, in Cavan, Ulfter. KingfJitcb, Warwick!, near Tamworth. Kingfdon , Somerfetf. between Uchefter and Somerton. Kingfdown, Kent, on the coaft, near Oxney. Kingfdowti, Kent, NW. of Wrotham. Kingjdown , Kent, SW. of Feverfham. Kingfdown , Somerfetf. near Bath. Kingfey, Bucks, near Thame in Oxfordfhire. King's Ferry , Kent, from the main land to Sheppey Ifie. A cable, of about 140 fathom in length, faftened at each end, acrofs the water, ferves to get the boat over by hand. Here is a houfe for the ferry- keeper, who is obliged to tow all travellers over free, except on four •days, Palm Monday, Whit Monday, Sr. James’s Day, and Michaelmas Day, when a horfeman pays 2d. and a footman id. Kingi ford, or Kington , Warw. in Becken- hill and Solihull parifhes, is a very ancient place, and had a church in the reign of Henry III. King/bam , Upper and Lower, Heref. SW. of Wigmorc Caftle. King's Harbour , Midd. N. of Hounflow Heath, was a Roman camp. King's , or Knight's Hill , Surry, near Briftow Caufey. Kingf- haugh, Nott. NE. of Tuxfcrd. Kingf- holm, near Gloucelter. Kingjburjl , Waiw. W. of Colefhill. King’s Island, an ifland in the eaft- ern Indian Ocean, about 50 miles in cir- cumference. It is fituated near the W. coaft of Siam, in lat. 12. 18. N. and Ion. 98. E. Kingjland, Dorfetf. in Netherby parifh. Kingjland , Hereford!. W. of Ltominfter. Kingjland , near Shrewfbury. Kingjland , Midd. between Hoxton and Clapton. Here is an hofpital, or alms-houfe, built in 1713, purfuant to the will of Sir Robert K I N Jefferies, lord mayor of London, for 56 decayed members of the Ironmongers* company. Kingjley , Cheffi. SE. of Frod- fliam. Kingjley , Hants, E. of Alton. Kingfiey, Staff, on the Churnet, 2 miles below Cunfal. King's Lodge , Rutl. on the Chater, near Leicelterlhire. King's Manor, Wilts, in Clarendon Park, was formerly a royal palace. King's Melbourne Weftmorl. W. of Appleby. King's Moor, Cumberl. near Carlifle. King's Norton , Wore, near Withal, 8 miles from Broomf- grove. Kingfnorth, Kent, S. of Afhford. King's Oak, Effex, between Waltham Ab- bey and the Chace. King's Peon , Herts, E. of Webley. King's River, a river of Wicklow, in Leinfter, which runs into the Liffey, about a mile and a half S. of Bleflington. Alfo a river of Kilkenny, in Leinfter. Kingjihorp , 2 miles N. of Northamp- ton. Kingjlon , 6 miies SW. of Cam- bridge. Kingjlon , Devonf. 6 miles NW. of Kingfbridge. Kingjlon, Dorfetf. S. of Corfe Caftle, on the brow of a hill, King- jlon, Glouc. in Thornbury parifh. King- jlon, Glouc. in Slimbridge parifh. King- jlon, Hants, S. of Alresford. Kingjlon , Hants, near Portfmouth. Kingjlon , He- ref. near the Golden Vale. Kingjlon, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Kingjlon , Kent, near Barham Downs. Kingjlon, Nott. on the Soare, near Leicefterlhire. Kingjlon, Somerf. near Somerton. King- jlon, Somerf. near Taunton. Kingjlon , So- merfetf. between Crewkhernand Ilminfter. Kingjlon, Somerf. near the Severn Sea, S. of Clevedon. Kingjlon, Staff, near the Blyth, W. of Needwood Foreft. King- jlon, Suffex, on the coaft, E. of Arundel Haven. Kingjlon, Suffex, SW. of Lewes. Kingfton, Warw. near Ciaverdon. King- jlon, Bagpar, Berks, W. of Abingdon. Kingjlon , in Wicklow, Leinfter. Kingston upon Hull. See Hull. Kingston upon Thames, a large, populous, well-built town of Surry, io called from it’s having been the refidence of feveral of our Saxon kings, fome of whom were crowned here, on a ftage in the market place. The Lent affixes for the county are held here. It is feated on the Thames, over which it has a wooden bridge of 22 piers and 20 arches, 11 miles SW. of London. Market on Saturday. Kingston, a fea-port town of Jamaica, in. the W. Indies, containing about 1665 houfes, befides negro-huts and warehoufes. In 1788, the number of white inhabitants was 6539, of free people of colour 3280, of flaves 16,659. It is feated on the N. fide of the Bay of Port Royal, on the S. coaft KIN «oaft of the ifland. It was built after the great earthquake in 1692, and is now a large town, about a mile in length and half a mile in breadth. It is laid out into little fquares and crofs ftreets, and is a place of confiderable trade and opulence. Many of the houfes, in the upper part of the town, are very magnificent, and the markets for flefii, turtles, fifh, poultry, fruits, and vegetables are inferior to none. Lat. 17. 50. N. Ion. 76. 52. W. Kingston, or Kyneton, a pretty large, and well-built town of Hereford- ihire, with a good trade in narrow cloth. It is feated cn the river Arrow, 15 miles NW. of Hereford, and 14.9 WNW. of London. Market on Wednefday. The markets on Wednefday before Eafter, Whitfuntide, and Chriftmas, are fo confi- derable for corn, cattle, leather, home- made linen, woollen cloth, and provifions, that they more refernble fairs. Kingston, a town in the refpeftive ftates of New Hampfhire, Maflaehufets, Rhode Ifland, New York, N. Carolina, and S. Carolina. Kingfton Hall and Kingfton Lacy , Dorf. near Winborne Minfter; the former was anciently a feat of the Saxon monarchs. Kingfton Lijle , Berks, near Wantage. Kingfton Maurwood, E. of Dorchefter. Kingfton , North , Dorf. N. of Bere Regis. Kingston Russel, a town near Dor- chefter. It’s manor is held by ferjeantry, viz. to be cup-bearer to the king at the four principal feafts of the year. Market on Thurfday. Kingfton IV ood, Kent, SE. of Maidftone. Kingstown, a fea-port of the ifland ©f St. Vincent, fituated on the S. coaft, on a bay to which it gives name, in la'. 13. 6 . N. and Ion. 15. W. Alfo a town of New Jerfey. Kingstree, a town of S. Carolina, 50 miles N. of CharMton. King Sutton , Northamp. rrear Aftrop Wells. Kingftuuere y Devonf. near Dart- mouth Haven, has a caftle for the defence of it. King's Wefton, Glouc. in Henbury parifh. Kingftwold , Kent, near Walmer C'aftle. Kingftwood , Dorfetf. in Purbeck Ifle. Kingft-wood, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Kiugftwoody Shropf. between Wellington and St afford (lure. Kingftivood, Warw. S. of Pole (worth. Kingftwoody Warw. a part of the conftablery of Wil- lelburn. Kingftivood , Glouc. N. cf Wick- war. Kingftwood, Yorkf. W. Riding, SW\ of Roch Abbey. Kitigftwoodhury , Herts, near Rufhden. Kingftwood For eft, Glouc. NE. oi Briflol, about 5000 acres in extent, conflfling chiefly of coal mines. K I N Kingftworthy, Hants, between S'ockbridg* and Alresford. Kingtcheou, a well-built and popu- lar city of China, of the firlt rank, in the province of Houquang. It has a great trade, and is fituated on the Yangtfe river, in a fruitful and pleafant country, with a garrifon of Tartars, to whom one part of the town belongs, 620 miles SSW. of Pekin. Kincteching, a town of China, without walls, in the province of Kiangfi. It contains more than a million of inha- bitants, who are the bed makers of China ware, and is 655 miles S. of Pekin. Kington. See Kingston, or Kyne* TON. Kington , Gloucefterf. near Thornbury. Kington , Warw. near Claverdon. King - ton , alias Mansfield , Somerf. NE. of Somer- ton. Kington , alias Pitney , Somerf. near Queen Camel. Kington, Magna, Dorfetf. near Stower Weftover. Kington Priory , Wilts, E.of Caftlecomb. Kington , IVefty Wilts, W. of Caftlecomb. Kington's AJhe, Wilts, SW. of Salifbury Plain. King Wefton, Somerfetf. NE. of Somerton. Kinlet , Shropf. N. of Wire Fore ft. Kin - narton Flail , 6 miles from Cheftcr. Kin- nafton Chapel , Herefordfhire, near Marcl® Hill. Kinnegady in Weft Meath, Leinfter, a noted place for fine cheefe. Kinnerftey, Herefordf. SW. of Webley. Kinnerfieyy Surry, SE. of Ryegate. Kin - nerton, Shropf. NW. of Church Stretton. Kinnery , in King’s County, Leinfter. Kinneftdale Spring , Yorkfhire, W. Rid- ing, SE. of Kirby Lonfdale. Kinross, a town of Scotland, in the fliire of Kinrofs, feated on the river Leven, not far W. of Loch Leven, and 20 miles N. of Edinburgh. The manufactories of this town are linen and cutlery ware. Kinross, a fliire or county of Scot- land, furrounded by the (hires of Perth and Fife. It is about 30 miles in circuit, it’s length and breadth being nearly equal. * Kinsale, a town of Cork, in Mun- fter, feated on the river Bandon. It is a very populous, trading place, and has a deep, commodious, and a fecure harbour, 14 miles S. of Cork. Lat. 51. 36. N. Ion. 8. 26. W. Kinftaleheg, in Waterford, Munftcr. Kinftel Green , Midd. between Weftburn ami Holfdon Greens. Kin/wgham , North- umberland, S. of Otterburn. Kinftanton, Dorfetflure, near Parley. Kintail, a peninlula of Rofsfliire, foiming the SW. corner of the county. Ki'nhorp , Yorkf. NE. of Pickering. Kinto/i) K I R Kinion , E. of Worcefter. Kinton Tower, between Shrewlbury and Ofweftry. Kintore, a town of Aberdeenlhire, 12 miles NW. of Aberdeen. Kintsbeck, a town of New York. Kinvava, in Galway, Connaught. Kinder, Staff, z miles W. of Stour- bridge, has an old fortification in ir, and a remarkable ftone, 2 yards high and 4 in circumference, which is fuppofed to have been either a Britilh deity, or a memorial of a battle fought by that people. It is vulgarly called Battle Stone, or Bolt Stone. Kinver, a river in Cardiganl'. which runs into the Dovy foon after it's rile. Kin - *i waldfey , Warw. N. of Mtridan. Kiof, or Kiow, a confiderable town of Poland, in a palatinate of the fame name, the refidence of the great duke till the 121I1 century. It is the capital of the Ruffian government Kiof, and carries on a confiderable trade. It is divided into the Old and the New Town, and is feated on the W. fide of the river Dnieper, 1S0 miles NE. of Kaminieck, and 335 E. by S. of Warfaw. Lat. 50. 30. N. Ion. 31. 5 1 * E - Kiof, Kiow, or Kievskoe, a go- vernment of the Ruffian empire, lying, for the mod part, on the E. or left fide of the river Dnieper, although Kiof, the capital, is on the W. It contains 11 diftri&s. Kiof, or Kiow, a palatinate of Po- land, W. of the Dnieper, containing only two diftri&s. Kioce, or Koge, a fea-port of Zea- land, in Denmark, 10 miles SSW. of Co- penhagen. Kioping, in Weftmanland, Sweden. Kiour , a river in Pembrokef. which runs into the Irifh Channel below Trevethel. Kipax, and it’s Park , Yorkf. NW. of Ferry Bridge. Kiplin, Yorkf. in Bolton pariih. Kiplin , Yorkf. near Richmond. Kipmajh , N orf. Kipping Crofs , Kent, be- tween Tunbridge and Rye. Kippington , Great , Kent, in Sevenoaks pariih. Kir - bridge , Hants, E. of Southampton. Kirk - by Bedon , near Norwich. Kirby Bellers, Leic. NW. of Melton Mowbray. Kirby Cold, ov Knovol, Yorkf. NE. of Thirfk. Kirby Kane, Norf. S. of London Eaff Cote. Kirby Lonsdale, a large and well- built town of Wcftmorland, with a wool- len manufa&ory. It is feated on the river Lon, 10 miles SE. of Kendal, and 253 NW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Kirby Monks, Warwicklhire, a town between Coventry and Lutterworth. Mar- ket on Tuefday. Kirby Moorside, a town in the N. Riding of Yorklhire, feated on the edge of K I R BlackMoor, near the river Dow, 25 m»Je* N. of York, and 155 N. by W. of Lon- don. Market on Wednefday. Kirby Mullox, NW. of Leicefter. Kirby Stephen, or Kirkby Ste- phen, a town of Weftmorland, noted tor a manufa&ory of yarn ftockings. It has a good free fchool, with 2 exhibitions, and is feated on the W. fide of the river Eden, near the hills which feparate this county from Yorklhire, 9 miles S. of Appleby, and 281 NNW. of London. Market on Friday. Kirchberg, a town of Sponheim, Up- per Rhine; alfo of Erzgeburg, in Upper Saxony j of Lower Bavaria ; of Hohenloe, in Franconia, fituated on the Jaxtj of Naflau Dietz, in Weftphalia ; and 2 towns of the archduchy of Auirria. Kircubbin, in Down, Ulfter. Kirkanders-, Curr.b. upon the Elk, NW. of Carlifie. Kirkandrews upon Eden, Cumb. 4 miles from Carlifie. Kirkhamp - ton , Cumb. near Orton. Kirkborn , Yorkf. near Hummanby. Kirk'oride, Cumb. near Bownefs. Kirkbridge , Yorkf. N. Riding, N. of Gatherley Moor. Kirkburton, Yorkf. SW. of Wakefield. Kirkby, Cumb. SW. of Carlifie. Kirkby , Efiex, S. of Harwich. Kirkby , Lane. N. of Weft Derby. Kirk- by, Line. NW. of Market Raifin. Kirk- by, Line, near Sleaford. Kirkby, Yorkf. near the Wherfe, SE. of Tadcalter. Kirk- by, Yorkf. W. Riding, on the fame river, W. of Wetherby. Kirkby , or Kerby y Northamp. 3 miles from Rockingham. Kirkby in AJbfield , Nott. SW. of Manf- fieid. Kirkby, Eafl , Line, near Bulling- brook. Kirkby Fletham, Yorkf. W. of Northallerton. Kirkby Green, Line. W. of Tatterfnal. Kirkby Grinded, Yorkf. W. Riding, in the York Woulds. Kirkby Hill, Yorkf. near Boroughbridge. Kirkby in Cleveland, Yorklhire, near Stokefley. Kirkby lreletb, Lane, near Dudden Sands. Kirkby Maledale, Yorkf. 2 miles from Settle. Kirkby Mallary , Leicef. N. of Hinckley. Kirkby Malfide, Yorkf. S. of Malham. Kirkby on the Hill , Yorkf. near Ravenfvvorth Caftle. Kirkby over Ker , Yorkf. SW. of Pickering. Kirkby on the Mount, Yorklhire, near Boroughbridge. Kirkly, South, Yorkf. NE. of Barneflcy. Kirkby Thore, Weftrn. NW. of Appleby. Below it are the vaft ruins of an ancient town, where Roman coins and urns ai« frequently dug up. The Maiden Way runs through it. Kirkby under Dale , Yorkf. 4 miles from Pocklmgton, near Acklam. Kirkby Underwood, Line, near Stainfleet. Kirkby upon Bane, Line. N. of Tatterfnal. Kirkby , U r ejl t Chelh. on 3 th« KIR the Dee, NW. of Wefton. Kirkby Whijk , Yorkf. NW. of Thirfk. Kirk Cambock , Cumberland, near Lanercoft. Kirkcaldy, a lea-port of Fifertdre, cn the Frith of Forth, io miles N. of Edinburgh. It has a dock-yard for build- ing fmail vtffels, has a filk manufa6fure, and contains many ’.veil-built houfes. Kirkcudbright, a l'ea-port of Scot- land, in the county of Kirkcudbright, leat- ed at the mouth of the river Dee, 21 miles SW. of Dumfries, and 83 SW. of Edin- burgh. It has a fine harbour, with depth of water fufficient to admit (hips of any burden to come up to the town, and yet has but an inconfiderable trade. The fown confills of two Itreets, which form a right angle with each other, having, in the centre, the town-houle. Kirkcudbright, the Shire, or Stewartry of, once formed, with the county of Wigton, the ancient province of Galloway. Kirkcudbrightlhire is bound- ed on the NE. by Ayrlhire and Dumfrief- Hiire ; on the S. by the .Solway Frith and the I rifh. Sea ; and on the W. by Wigton- fhire and Ayrlhire. It’s extent from N. to S. is nearly 30 miles, and from E. to W. about 43. Here is a great plenty of fine pafture, and numerous flocks of fheep and fmail cattle. Kirkdale, Lane, near Liverpool. Kirk- dale , Yorkf. near Kirby Moorfide. Kirk Dig h ton, Yorkshire, N. of Wetherby. Kir keel, in Down, Ulfter. Kirkella, Ydrkfliire, W, of Hull. Kirk ham, a town in Lancalhire, with a well-endowed free-fehool for three maf- ters. It is feated near the mouth of the Kibble, by which it communicates with all the late inland navigations, 18 miles S. of Lancafter, and 223 NN W. of Lon- don. It has a confiderable manufactory of fail cloth. Market on Tuefday. Kirkham, Yorkshire, near the Derwent, SW. of New Malton. Kirkhammerton , Yorkf. between Knarefborough and Hef- fey Moor. Kirkharle , Northumb. near Kirk Whelpington. Kirkhaugk , Nor th- umb. near Allton Moor. A Roman altar, ereCted to Minerva and Hercules, was found, fume years ago, in it’s church- yard. Kirkbeaton, Northumberl. SE. of Kirk Whelpington. Kirkbeaton , Yorkf. E. of Huthersfield. Kirkland, Cumberl. NE. of Penrith. Kirkijlo'-wn, in Down, U liter. Kirkland , Cumb. near Bothell, on the road between Cockermoutfi and Carhfle. Kirkland , Lancaf. near Garftang. Kirk- lees, Yorkf. 3 miles from Huddersfield, on the river Calder. In the park near it, is k 1 R faid to be the funeral monument of that generous highwayman, Robin Hood 5 and on the adjacent moor are two little hills, called Robin Hood’s Butts. Kirk Lc- tbim , Yorkf. near the mouth of the Tees. Kirk Le-venton, Cumb. NW. of Bramp- ton. Kirk Le-venton, Yorkf. near Yarum. Kirkley, Northumb. N. of Pont Eland. Kirklington , Nott. near Southwell. Kirk- ling ton, Oxfordih. NE. of Woodltock. Kirklington , Yorkf. between Mafiiam and Thirfk. Kirklinton, Cumberland, near Stanwix. Kirk?nighel, a river in the Ifle of Man, running into the fea at Kirkmighel. Kirkoswald, a town of Cumberland, feated upon a hill, near the river Eden, 292 miles NW. of London. Market on Thtirfday. * Kirkpatrick, a town of Scotland, in Dumbartonfhire, lying E. of the town of Dumbarton. The veftiges of the Ro- man wall, built by Antoninus, extend from the Frith of Clyde, at ihis place, to the Frith of Forth, and are called by the country people, Graham’s Dike. Kirk Sandal, Yorklhire, near Doncafter. Kirkfeek, Line. SE. of Grantham. KirKs Head, Weftm. near Levens. Here is an old, round building, fuppofed, by fome, to have been a temple of Diana. Kirkfop , or Kirfop , a river in Cumb. which runs into the Eden near Burgh Sands. Kukjial , Yorkf. NW. of Leeds, has feveral corn and fulling mills, an iron forge, with a mill for flitting iron into fmail bars and rods, and a ftone bridge over the Aire, which was made navigable hither in the year 1698. Kirkjied , Line, near Tatter- fhal,andthe river Witham. Kirkjlon, Nott. N. of Bingham. Kirktbnvait, E. and IK. Cumberl. in Weftward parifh. Kirkton , Line. S. of Bofton. Kirkton Holm, Line. SW. of Boftcn, on the fame river, had a market, now difufed. Kirkton Whelping - ton . Northumb. on the Wanfpeck, NW. of Kirkharle. Kirkwall, a fea- port of Scotland, capital of Orkney, the principal of the iflands of that name, is built upon an in- let of the fea, on the E. fide of the ifland. Here is the (lately cathedral of St. Mag- nus. It is 45 miles from Dangfby Head, the molt NE. promontory of Scotland. Lat. 58. 58. N. Ion. 2. 57. W. Kirkmington , Line. NE. of Glandford B; idge. Kirmondin the Mire, Line. NE. of Market Raifin. Kirjley, Yorkfli. SE. of Wakefield. Kirfied, Norfolk, NW. of London Eaftcote. Kirjioav , Devonfh. be- tween Moreton and Exminlter. Kirthies, Cornwall, SW. of Penzance. Kirtlington , Notting- K I S Nottinghamfhire, N. of Southwell. Kirt- low, Suffolk, S. of Loweftoff. Kirton, a town of Lincolnfhire, with a truly magnificent church. It is feat- ed on an eminence, on the edge ot Lincoln Heath, 20 miles N. of Lincoln, and 151 NW. of london. It gives name to it’s hundred, in which are 4 villages of the fame name. Market on Saturday. Kirton , Nottinghamfhire, W. of Tux- ford. Kirton , Suffolk, near Bawdfey Ha- ven. Kifeby , Lincoln!'. S. of Fokingham. Kismish, a fertile ifland in the Gulf of Perfia, W. of Ormus. It is about 50 milts in circumference, and is remarkable for it’s pearl fifhery. Kisti, one of the feven Caucafian na- tions, that inhabit the countries between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. They confift of 16 different dillrhffs, or tribes, which are often at variance with each other, and with their neighbours. Their dialers appear to have no analogy with any known language, and their hiftory and origin are utterly unknown. Thofe belonging to the diftriffs of Wapi. Angufht, and Shal- kha, fubmitted to Ruffia in 1770. The Tfhetfhen tribe is fo numerous and war- like, and has given the Ruffians fo much trouble, that it’s, name is ufually given by them to the whole Kifti nation. The In- gufhi live in villages near each other, con- taining about 20 or 30 houfes: they are dili- gent hufbandmen, and rich in cattle. Many of their villages have a done tower, which ferves, in time of war, as a retreat to their women and children, and a magazine for their effects. Thefe people are all armed, and have the cuflom of wearing fhields. Their religion is very fimple, but has fome traces of Chriftianity. They believe in one God, whom they call Daile, and, on the firft day of the week, reft from labour. They eat pork, and have a faft in l'pring, and another in fummer. They obferve no ceremonies either at births or deaths j but they allow of polygamy, and, at certain times, a fheep is facrificed by a perfon who feems to be confidered as a kind of prieft, as he is obliged to live in a (late of celibacy. A fingular fort of hofpitality is attributed to thefe people by Major Rennel. “ When a gueft, or ftranger, comes to lodge with them, one of the hoft’s daugh- ters is obliged to receive him, to unfaddle and feed his horfe, take care of his bag- gage, prepare his dinner, pafs the night with him, and continue at his difpofal dur- ing his flay.” ^ Kistna, a river of Hindooftan, which rifes on the E. fide of the G^uts, and K N E crofting almoft the whole of the peninfula, falls into the Bay of Bengal, between Ma- fulipatam and Nizampatam, in the circar of Guntoor. Kittery, a town of N. America, in the province of Main, famous for fhip- building. It is leated on the E. fide of the mouth of the Pil’cataway, 4 miles S. of New York. Kittesford , Somerf. W. of Wellington. Kitfs Cotty Houfe , Kent, N. of Aylestord, a monument of (tones, fometbing- like Stonehenge, where Cotigern, a Britifh chief, was killed by Horfa, a Saxon gene- ral. Kiveton Tower, Yorkfhire, 6 miles from Rotherham. Klattau, a town of Pilfen, in Bo- hemia. Klettenburg,* a town and lordfhip of Upper Saxcny, 5 miles NW. of Nord- ha u fen. Klingnau, a town of Baden, in Swif- ferland, 9 miles N. of Baden. Klundert, a fort refs of S. Holland, fituated near the arm of thefea, called Hol- land’s Deep, 9 miles SE. of Williamftadt. Knahill, Bijhop's, E. and IV. or Knoyle , W;lts, between Hmdon and Mere. Knapdale, a diftrift of Argylefhire, N. of Cantire. Knape, Somerfetfh. near Curry Mallet. Knaptborp , Nottingh. NW. of Newark. Knapioft , Leic. E, of Lutterworth. Knap- ton, Norfolk, between N. Waltham and the fea. Knapton , Yorkfhire^ SW. ot York. Knapton , Yorki. by Pickering Common, Knap well , 6 miles NW. of Cambridge. * Knaresborough, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkfhire, containing about 500 houles. It is pleafantly feated on the ri- ver Nid, over which it has a ftone bridge, on a rug-ged, rough rock, tS miles W. by N. of York, and 21 1 N. by W. of Lon- don. It is famous for 4 medicinal fpiings, near each other, and yet of different qua- lities: the fweet fpa, or vitriolic well; the (linking, or fulphureous and very foe- tid fpa ; St. Mungoes well, a cold bath : and the dropping well, fuppofed to be the mod petrifying fpring in England. The adjacent fields are alfo noted for licorice. It has a manufa&ure of linen cloth, fheet- ing, &c. Market on Wednefday. Knarefdale , Northumb. NW. of Kirk- haugh. Knajion , Dorfetf. between Ring., wood and Pool. Knatb, Lincoln f. near Gainfborough. Knaton, Yorkf. between Burrowby and Thirfk. Knavefion, Lci- cefterfhire, S. of Hallaton. Kna^vefwell, Dorfetfhire, near Aylewood. Knebworth, a town of Herts, (bu- sted K N O ated on a hiJI, or knap, (from whence it has it’s name) between Hertford and Hitchin. Market on Friday. Knedington , Yorkfhire, near Howden. Knee] dale , Nott. NW. of Newark. Knep Cajlle , Suffex, near Grinftead Park. Knef- nvortb , Cambridge!, i mile from Royfton. Kneton , Yorkfhire, between Richmond and Darlington. Knetjkall, Suff. E. of Thet- ford. Kneveton , Nott. between Notting- ham and Newark. Kneuodon, Northumb. W. of Blanchland. Knighthridge , Berks, near Newbury. Knigbtcote, Warw. NE. of Kineton. Knightejlon , Devon f. near St. Mary’s Ottery. Knightejlon , Dorfetf. in Purbeck Ifle. Knightley , W. of Stafford. Knight low Hill, or Crofs , Warw. on the road from Coventry to London, at the en- trance of Dunfmore Heath. Knighton, a fair, well built, well- frequented town, of Radnorfhire, with a confiderable trade; It is feated in a val- ley, on the river Tend, or Teme, which feparates it from Shropfhire, 14 miles NW. of Hereford, and 155 NW. of Lon- don, Market on Thurfday. Knighton , Devonlhire, near Chidleigh. Knighton , IHe of Wight, in Newchurch parifh. Knighton , S. of Leicefter. Knigh- ton, Stafford!. NE. of Drayton in Shropf. Knighton, Wilts, near Salifbury. Knigh- ton, Worcef. 3 miles NE. of Tenbury. Knighton, E. Dorfetf. NW. of Blandford. Knighton , JV. SE. of Dorchefter. Knightf- kridge , a village of Middlefex, adjoining London, on the great weftern road. Knigbtjbridge , in Cork, Munfter. Knight's Green, Gloucef. near Aftiel- worth. Knight fthorp , Leicef. near Lough- borough. Knightivick, Wore, near Brom- yard. Knill , Hereford! S. of Prefteign, in Radnorlh. Knijbrow Hill, Gloucef. near Painfwick. Kniperjley, Staff, in Biddulph parifh. Knipton, Leicefter! S. of Belvoir Caftle. Kniveton , Derb. SW. of Wirkf- worth. Knock, Weftm. N. of Appleby. Knockany, in Limerick, Munfter. Knock- arding , in Tipperary, Munfter. Knock- boy, in Monaghan, Ulfter. Knocker oghery, in Rofcommon, Connaught. Knocking Cajlle , Shropfhire, SE. of Of- weftry. Knocklade , in Antrim, Ulfter. Knock- lojty, in Tipperary, Munfter, on the banks of the Suir. Knocklong, in Limerick, Munfter. Knock meledown, a mountain in Waterford, Munfter. Knockmill , in Carlow, Lei offer. Kmckmoume , in Wa- terford, Munfter. Knockmyland , in Kil- kenny, Leinfter. Knocknemarijf in Cork, Munfter. Knockniclajhy, Knockninofs , and Kuockowne , hills in Cork, Munfter. K O E *KNOCTOPHER,a town of Kilkenny, in Leinfter, 63 miles from Dublin. Knoll , Dorfctfhire, near Eaft Lulworth.. Knoll , Dorletfhire, E.of Buckland Abbas. Knoll , Glouc. near Briftol. Knoll , Kent, near Sevtnoaks. Knoll, Surry, in Cranley parifh. Knoll, Warw. MW. of Balfhall. Knolle, Dorl’et! near Corfe Caftle. Knoll Hill , EfTex, N. of Havering. KnotJball t Suffolk, SE. of Suxmundham. *Knotsford, a town in Chefhire, with a lilk mill, and a manufafture of fhag velvets. It is feated on a rivulet called Bicken, which divides it into two parts, 7 miles NE. of Northwich, and 173 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Knotting, Bedford! W. of Bufhmead. Knottingley, Yorkfhire, on the Aire, near Ferrybridge, is noted for it’s great trade in lime. The ftones are dug up plenti- fully at Elniet, and burnt here; from whence it is conveyed, in great quantities, to Wakefield, Stanbridge, &c. for fale, to be carried into the W. parts, for manure. Knowejley, Lane. 5 miles from Liverpool. Kno-vole, Devonlhire, in Farway parifh. Knowle, Devon! near Exmouth. Knowle t Dorfetfhire, near Corfe Caftle. Knowle , Somerfetf. S. of Bruton. Knowle Green , Middlefex, near Staines. Knowle Hill , Somerletfhire, near Langport. About 60 years ago, a checkered pavement of white, blue, and red marble, was difeovered near it. Knowles Hill, Derby! near Stanton, remarkable for it’s beautiful feenery and extenfive views. Knowlton, Dorfetf. near Horton. Knowlton, Kent, hear Wing- ham. Knowjlon, Devon! near S. Moul- ton. Knoyle, Eajl, Wilts, near Hindon. Knuke, Wilts, near Heytefbury. Knut - Jhall , Staffordfh. S. of Leek. Knutton , Staffordfh. near Newcaftle under Line. Knyno, a river in Pembrokefhire, which runs into the Torvay, between Kennarth and Manerdue. Koei-Tacheou, a province of China, one of the fmalleft in that empire, and full of inacceftible mountains. It is inhabited by a people who are independent, and who would never fubmit to the laws of the em- pire. However, the emperor has found means to build forts therein, and garrifon fome of the towns ; but all the taxes they can raiie here will not defray the expence. This province is remarkable for it’s cop- per-mines, and, between the mountains, there are l'everal fruitful valleys. They have neither filk nor cotton, and therefore they make their cloth of a fort of grafs, like hemp. Their cows, flags, and wild hens are numerous, and the. horfes are the bell in China, K0LA3 K O N K O R Kola, a town of the Ruffian govern- ment of Archangel, and the capital of Ruffian Lapland. It has a good harbour on the river Kola, near the bay of the fame name in the Frozen Ocean, where is a confiderabie filhery for whales, fea-dogs, and other fifh, which the inhabitants cure for fale. Lat, 68. 34. N. Ion. 3a. 26. E. Kolomna. See Columna. Kolyvan, a government of the Ruf- fian empire, bounded on the N. by the go- vernment of Tobolfk, on theE. by that of Irkutfk, and on the S. and W. by Tartary. It’s capital, of the fame name, isfeated on the Oby, 4.80 miles SSE. of Tobollkoi. This country has productive filver mines, which have been called the Potofi of Ruf- fia. Kongsberg, a town of Aggerhuys, in Norway, celebrated for it’s filver mines. It contains about 1000 houfes, and 6000 inhabitants. It is 36 miles SW. of Chrii- tiania. Kongswinger, a town of Chriftiania, in Norway, containing about 50 fmall, wooden houfes. It is 42 miles NE. of Chriftiania. Konigsberg, atownofSaxe Weimar, in Franconia ; alfo a town of the New Marche, in Brandenburg 5 with feveral other towns in Germany $ and one in Hungary. Konigsegg. See Coningseck. Konigshoffen, a town of Mentz. Konigslutter, a town of Brunf- wick Wolfenbuttle, in Lower Saxony. Konigstein, a town of Meiflen, in Upper Saxony, ufed as a place of confine- ment for ftate prifoners 5 alfo a town of Sulzbach, in Bavaria 5 and a town and county in the circle of the Upper Rhine, 11 miles NW. of Frankfort on the Main, both in Germany j and a fortrefs of Nor- way. KoNiNGSBERG,thecapital of the king- dom of Pruffia, with a univerfity, and a magnificent palace, in which is a hall 274 feet Jong, and 59 broad, without pillars to fupport it, and a handfome library. The town houfe, the exchange, and the cathedral, are fine ftruCfures. The tower of the caftle is very high, and has 284 fteps to the top, whence there is an txfen- five profpeft. There are i 3 churches in all, of which 14 are Lutherans, 3 Calvi- nifts, and 1 is Romifti. The number of houfes is about 3800. The town is about 7 Engliffi miles in circumference, and, in- cluding the garrifon of 7000 men, contains 6 d inhabitants. It ftands on the Prege!, a navigable river, which here falls into the eaftein extremity of the Frifche Haf, an inlet of the Baltic. No feips drawing more than 7 feet water can pafs the bar, and come up to the town $ fo that the large veflels anchor at Pillau, a fmall town on the Baltic, which is the port of Koningfberg ; and the merchandise is Cent up in imaller veflels. The trade of Ko- mngfberg is very confiderabie. It is 125 milts N. of Warfaw. Lat. 54. 42. N. Ion. 20. 48. E. Koningsgratz, a circle of Bohemia, with it’s capital, on the Elbe, 58 miles E. of Prague. Konitz, a town of Schwartzburg Ro- dolftadt, in Upper Saxony ; a bailiwick of Berne, in Swiffirland j and a town of Piuf- fian Pomerelia. Kopore, a town and river in the go- vernment of St. Peterfburgh, Ruffia, 3a miles W. of Peterfburgh. Kopyl, a town of Novogrodeck, i a Lithuania. Koriacs, a nation on the borders of Kamtichatka, tributary to the Ruffians. There are two forts of Koriacs. Thole who are properly called by that name have a fixed refidence: the others are wander- ers, and are known by the appellation of Rein-deer Koriacs. Their flocks are very numerous, and they maintain them by conducing them to thofe cantons that abound with mofs. When thefe paftures are exhaufted, they feek for others. In this manner they wander about inceffantly, encamping under tents of flein, and fup- porting themfelves with the produce of their deer, which are as ferviccable for draught to the Koriacs, as the dogs are to the Kamtfchadales. Their country is terminated to the S. by the peninfula of Kamtfchatka, and the Gulf of Pen- ginlk ; to the E. by the Ocean ; to the N. by the country of the Tehoukchis j and to the W. by the Tongoufes, the Laments, and the Yakouts. It is confidently af- ferted, that this country was formerly very populous, and that the fmallpox had made very confiderabie ravages j but it is doubt- ed whether that difeafe has carried off more of the inhabitants than their frequent contefts with their neighbours, and with the Ruffians. The number of fixed Ko- riacs licarcely exceeds, at prefent, 900; and though it is not eafy to calculate that of the wandering Koriacs, it is imagined that they do not much furpafs this amount. Their regular occupation is hunting and fifhing; but every feafon will not permit them to follow it. During thefe iniei vals, fhut up in their profound habitations, they deep, 1'moke, and get drunk. Thought- lefs of the future, without regret for the paft. K O R paft, they come not out of their yourts till the moft urgent neceffity compels them. Thefe yourts are larger than thofe of the northern Kamtfchadales, but are diftri- buted nearly in the fame manner, and are hardly more clean or comfortable, as they have not a venthole, or chimney, for the emiffion of the fmoke. Like the Kamt- fchadales, they live upon dried fiffi, and the flefli and fat of the whale and lea- wolf. The whale is commonly eaten raw, and the fea-wolf dried and cooked in the fame manner as their filh, except the finews, the marrow, the brain, and, now and then, a flice of the flefli, which they devour raw with extreme avidity. Rein-deer is their favourite diffi. Vegetables alfo form a part of their food: they gather in autumn various forts of berries, of a part of which they make themfelves a refrelhing beve- rage, and the reft is bruifed to powder, and kneaded with the oil of the whale or le'a-wolf. Their pillion for ftrong liquors increafed by the dearnefs of brandy, and the difficulty of procuring it, has led them to ip.vent a drink equally potent, which they extsa6l from a red mulhroom, known in lluffia as a ftrong poifcn, by the name or Moukhamorr. They put it in a veflel with certain fruits, and it has fcarcely time to clarify, when their friends are in- vited to partake of it. The entertainment lafts for one, two, or three days, till the beverage is exhaufted. Frequently, that they may not fail of being intoxicated, they eat the raw mulhroom at the fame time. The wandering Koriacs have the fame chara&eriftic outlines as the Kamt- fchadales. Among the women, particu- larly, there are very few who have not funk eyes, flat nofes, and prominent cheeks. The men are almoft entirely beardlefs, and have Ihort hair. The women carry their children in a kind of neft, or balket, arched over, in which the infant is placed, in a fitting pofture, and (heltered from the weather. The Koriacs acknowledge a Supreme Being, the Creator of all things, and imagine that the fun is his throne, or palace. They addrefs no prayer to him ; goodnefs, they fay, is his eflencej all the good that exifts in the world proceeds from him j and it is impoffible that he fhould do an injury. The principle of evil they confider as a malignant Ipirir, and, to ap- peafe his wrath, offer up, as expiatory fa- ctifices, various animals newly bornj as rein-deer and dogs, alio the firlt fruits of their hunting and filhing, and whatever they peflefs that is molt valuable. Kobliakov, a fortrefs of Ruffia, in the government of Kolivan. It is fitu- K U B ated on the Irtifch, 192 miles SW. of Kolivan. Korkan, or Jorjan, a diftri6t or county on the E. fide of the Cafpian Sea. It is flat, and fubjeft to inundations $ the heat is intolerable, and the air unwhole- some 5 the foil, however, is fertile in corn, wine, cotton, filk, and dates. The town of Korkan is in ruins. Kosel, a town of Oppeln, in Silefia. Kostel, a town ofBrunn, in Moravia. KoSTROMskoE, a government of the Ruffian empire, formerly included in that of Mofcow j it is bounded on the W. by Jaroflavilkoe, and on the N. by Vologad- Ikoe. The capital, Koftrom, is featcd on the river Koftroma, at it’s junction with the Volga, 168 miles NE. of Mofcow. Koto, a diltri6l of Africa, on the Slave Coaft, extending about 6 leagues along the Atlantic. The principal town is call- Koto, or Vtrbu. Kowno, a town of Troki, in Lithua- nia. Krainburg, a town of Bavaria, feat- ed on the river Inn, 35 miles E. of Munich. Krainburg, a town of Camiola, feat- ed on the river Save, 18 miles NW. of La u bach. Kranowitz, a town of Troppau, in Silefia. Krappitz, a town of Oppeln, in Si- lefia. Krasilow, a town of Volhynia, in Poland. Krasnoslaw, a town of Chelm, in Poland. Krekythe, a town of Carnarvonfhire, feateft on the Irifh Sea, near Traeth Ama- wer Bay, 12 miles S. by E. of Caernarvon, and 237 NW. of London. Market on Wednesday. Krempem, a town of Danifh Holftein, 5 miles N. of Gluckftadt. Krems, a town of Auftria, feated on the river Danube, 35 miles W. of Vienna. Krejlo'iv, Bucks, SW. of Wing. Kric. keitb , Shropfhire, near Trevelock Foreft. Kridling Parky Yorkf. E. of Pontefraft. Krumlavv, a town of Prachalitz, in Bohemia. Kubesha, a large town of Afia, in the country of the Lefguis, one of the 7 Cau- cafian nations, between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. Colonel Gaeber, who wrote an account of thefe countries in 1728, gives the following defcription of this very curious place : “ Kubeffia is a large, ftrong town, fituated on a hill, between high mountains. It’s inhabitants Q,all themfelves Franki (Franks, a name com- mon in the eaft to all Europeans) and re- K U R late, that their anceltors were brought hi- ther by Tome accident, the particulars of which are now forgotten. The common conjecture is, that they were call away upon the coaft ; but thole who pretend to be better verfed in their hiftory, give the following account : The Greeks and the ! Genoel'e carried on, during leveral centu- ries, a confiderable trade, not only on the Black Sea, but on the Cafpian, and were certainly acquainted with the mines con- tained in thefe mountains, from which they drew, by their trade with the inha- bitants, great quantities of filver, copper, and other metals. In order to work thefe upon the fpot, they lent hither a number of workmen, to eftablifh manufactures, and inftiuCt the inhabitants. The fubfe- quent invafions of the Arabs, T urks, and Monguls, during which the mines were filled up, and the manufactures abandoned, prevented the ftrangers from effecting their return; fo that they continued here, and ereCted themielves into a republic. They are Hill excellent ai tills, and make very good fire-arms, fabres, coats of mail, and leveral articles in gold and filver, for exportation. They have likewife, for their own defence, fmall copper cannon, of three pounds calibre, calt by themielves. They coin Turkilh and Perfian filver money, and even rubles, which readily pafs current, becauie they are of the full weight and va- lue. In their valleys, they have pafture and arable land, as well as gardens; but they purchafe the greater part of their corn, tru fling chiefly for their fupport to the fale of their manufactures, which are much admirr.d in Turkey, Perfia, and the Crimea. They are generally in ealy cir- Cumftances, and are a quiet, inoffenfive- people, but higb-fpirited and independent. Their town is considered as a neutral fpot, where the neighbouring princes can depo- sit their treafures with fafety. TheyeleCl yearly twelve magiftrates, to whom they pay the molt unlimited obedience; and, as all the inhabitants are on a footing of the mod perfeCl equality, each individual is lure to have, in his turn, a fhare in the government. In the year 1725, their ma- gistrates, as well as the Ulniel, or Khan of the Caitaks, acknowledged the iove- reignty of Ruflla, but without paying any tribute.” Kufstein, a fmall town of Tirol, with a caftle built on a ftupendous rock. It is fituated on the Inn. Kunbridge , Dorfetf. S. of Wareham. Kur, a large river of Alia, which rifes in Armenia, and palling by Tefflis, and through the whole of Georgia, and part of K Y N Schiryan, See. falls into the Cafpian Sea, 70 miles SSW. of Baku. Kurgan, a river of Perfia, which rifes in Choralan, and watering Aib">bad, Sec. falls into the Cafpian Sea W. of that city. Kuriles, a chain of iflands, extend- ing from the Southern extremity of Kan?t- fchatka to Japan; chiefly valuable for their furs, particularly that of the lea -otter. The inhabitants of the neighbourhood of Lopatka, whoi were tlvbmfelves called Ku- riles, gave thefe iflands the fame name, as foon as they bee mie acquainted with them. They are zz in number; exclulive of the very fmall ones. The northernrnoll illand, which is called Shoomfka, and the next, which is named Paramoufic, were firlt vi- lited by the Ruffians in 1713, and, at the fame time, brought under their dominion. The others, in order, are at preient made tributary, down to Oofhefheer inclufive. Oofhefheer is the fauthernmoft illand tliac the Ruffians have yet brought under their ‘dominion, but they trade to Ooroop, which is the i8rh. A group of iflands lies to the SW. which the Japanefe call Jefo; a name which they alio give to the whole chain of iflands between Kamtfchatka and Japan. The foothernmcil, called Mat- mai, hath been long fubjeft to the Japa- nefe; and is fortified and garrifoned on the fide toward the continent. Kurskoi, a government of the Ruffian empire, formerly part of that of Bielgorod. It is bounded by Orel on the N. and Vo- netz on the E. It’s capital, Kurfk, is feated on the Sem, 240 miles S. of Mof- cow. Kujhmere, Suffolk, SE. of Beccles. Kusistan. See Chusistan. Kuttenburg,, a town of Czaflaw, in Bohemia, remarkable for it’s filver mines. Kjar , Worcefierfhire, near Tenbury. Kylburg, a town of Treves, fituated on the Kyll, 1 3 miles SSW. of Treves. Kyle , in Wexford, Leinlter. Kyley , Northumb. between Barrington and Holy Illand. Kyme, N. and S. Line. SW. of Tatterfhall. Kymere , Sufl’ex, near Ditchling. Kymeton , Somerfetf. between Shet born and Queen Camel. Kyme Churchy JTref. near Munno. Kynejley , Shropf. N, of Wellington. Kyneton. See Kingston. Kyneton, Glouc. in the parifh of Guit- ing Temple. Kyneton , Shropf. SW. of Pembridge. Kyneton> Somerl'etf. NE. of Somerton, is naturally paved, for half a mile together, with one fmooth, broad rock, which refembles ice. Kynley , Glou- cefterf. in Nimpsfield parifh. Kynnerton , K Y R K Y T or Kinewarlon, Warwickf. near Aulcef- hamlet adjoining Kyre Wyre. Kyfeky, ttr. Kynolton , Nottinghamf. near Nether Lincolnfhire, SW. of Fokingham. Kjte Broughton. Kyre IVyre , Wore. 3 miles Herd--wic, Warwickfhire, between Lamb* SE. of Tenbury. Kyre Minor , Wore, a cote and Edgehill. LAB L AA, a town of Auftria, 4 miles S. of Vienna. Labacally , an ancient, rude, fepulchral monument, in Cork, Munfter. It confifts of large flags, (one of which is 17 feet long, 9 broad, and, in the middle, 3 feet thick) placed horizontally on others which are upright, and is about midway between Glenworth and Ivilworth. Labia, a town of Servia. Labiau, a town of Smaland, in Pi uffia. Laborn , Kent, near Mailing. Laborn y Surry, near Godalmin. Labortye , Suflex, E. of Ealf Grin Head. Labourd, a tra£l of France, on the Bay of Bifcay, which made part of Bafques. Bayonne was the capital. It abounds in fruit, and is now included in the depart- ment of Lower Pyrenees. Labrador, an extenfive country to the E. of Hudfon’s Bay, in N. America. The climate, even about Hay’s River, in only 1 at 57. N. is excefflveiy cold during winter. The fnows btgin to fall in Octo- ber, and continue falling, by intervals, the whole winter; and, when the froft is mod vigorous, in form of the fined fand. The ice on the rivers is then 8 feet thick ; port wine freezes in a folid mafs ; brandy coa- gulates ; and the very breath falls on the blankets of a bed in the form of a hoar froft. The fun riles in the fhorteft day at five minutes paft nine, and lets five mi- nutes before three. In the Jongeft, it rifes at three, and fets about nine. The ice begins to difappear in May, and hot wea- ther commences about the middle of June, which, at times, is fo violent, as to fcorch the faces of the hunters. Thunder is not frequent, but fometimes violent. But there mull neceffarily be a great difference of heat and cold in this vaft extent, which reaches from lat. 50. 40. to lat. 62. N. Mock funs and halos are not unfrequent : they are very bright, and richly tinged with all the colours of the rainbow. The fun riles and fets with a large cone of yel- lowifii light. The night is enlivened by the^aurora borealis, which Ipreads a va- reity of different lights and colours over the whole concave of the Iky, not to be eclipled even by the Iplendor of the full L AC moon, and the ftars of a fiery rednefs. The animals in thele countries are, the moofe-deer, flags, rein-deers, bears, ti- gers, buffaloes, wolves, foxes, beavers, otters, lynxes, martins, fquirrels, er- , mines, wild cars, and hares. The fea- thered kinds are geefe, buftards, ducks, partridges, and afl kinds of wild fowl. Their fifh are whales, morfes, feals, cod- i fifh, and a white fifh preferable to her- rings ; and, in their rivers and frefh wa- ters, pike, perch, carp, and trout. All the quadrupeds in thefe countries are clothed with a dole, foft, warm fur ; and even the dogs and cats from Britain, that have been carried into Hudfon’s Bay, on the approach of winter, have changed their appearance, and acquired a much longer, fofter, thicker coat of hair than they ori- ginally had. In fumtner there is here, as in other places, a variety in the colour of - the feveral animals ; when that feal'on is over, which holds only for three months, they all alfume the livery of winter, and every fort of beafts, and mod of their fowls, are of the colour of the fnow : every thing animate and inanimate is white. The foil, in the parts that are known, is mountain- ous and poor, affording only ooarie plants, which are well adapted to the fupport and nourifhment of deer and goats, but do not appear proper for horfes, kine, or ffieep: ‘ and all the E. coaft exhibits a molt barren and iron-bound appearance. The coafts, in general, abound, however, with large, ; convenient, and fafe harbours; and, in the' j bays, are thoufands of ifhnds, wherein in- numerable multitudes of eider-ducks, and other water-fowl breed. The climate is remarkably healthy, and few parts of the world produce better furs. There are fe- veral Moravian fettlements on the E. coaff, the principal of which is Nain. Labrun, Yorkfhire, N. of'Midlam. Laccadive Islands, a group of fmall iflands in the Indian Ocean, the neareft of which is about 120 miles from the coaft of Malabar. They are but little known. Lat. 10. to 12. 40. N. Ion. 71. 15. to 73. 30. E. Lacerton , Darfetfliire, near Sfourpaine. Lach } near C belter. Lachford t Chefhire, near LAD near Warrington. Lachingdon, Eflex, NW. of Burnham. Lachsa, a country of Arabia, denomi- nated ailo Hadsj ar, and fometimes Bah- rein, though the lalt name belongs, in Ariel propriety, only to the iflands ol Aval. It is bounded by the territories of wander- ing Arabs on the N. on the E. by the Per- fian Gulf, on the S. by Oman, and on the W. by Nesjid. It is fubjeif to the fcheick of Beni Khaled. It’s afles and camels are excellent j of the latter, l'ome thoufands are fold annually into Syria. Lack, or Bischoffs Lack, a town of Carniola, trading in iron, (feel, quigk- filver, corn, and linen. Lackford, Suffolk, SE. of Mildenhall. Lackmore End, Middl. near Enfield Wafh. Lacock , Wilts, near Chippenham. La- cock, Yorkfhire, W. of Keighley. Lacon , Shropf. NE. of Wem. Ladbrook, Warw. on the river Ichen, S. of Southam. La- den, a river in He reford fhi re, which runs into the Frome at Stretton. Laden burg, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine; and a town of Ofnaburg, in Weftpnalia. Ladford, Devonfhire, in Shebbear parifh. Ladle Hill, Hants, near Sidmanton. La- dock, Cornwall, NE. of Truro. Ladoga, a lake in Ruflia, fituated be- tween the Gulf of Finland, and the Lake of Onega. It is about ioo miles long, and from 50 to 60 broad, and is the largelt lake in Europe. Among the fifh, with which it abounds, are feals. It is full of quick- fands, which, being moved from place to place, by the frequent (forms to which if. is fubjeit, caufe l’everal (helves along it’s courfe, on which the flat-bottomed veffels of the Ruffians are fometimes wrecked. This induced Peter I. to caule a canal to be cut from the SW. extremity of this lakd to the river Neva, by which it has a communication with the Gulf of Fin- land. It was begun in 1718, and finiffied in 1732; and is 67 miles long, and 70 feet broad. v Ladoga, New, a town in the govern- ment of St. Peterfburgh, fituated on the S. coaft of the Lake of Ladoga, 56 miles E. of St. Peterfburgh. Ladogna. See Cedogica. Ladrone, or Marian Islands, ifiands of the N. Pacific Ocean, about 1800 miles E. of Canton, in China, and occupying a fpace of 150 leagues in ex- tent. They are faid to be 16 in number, exclufive ol the fmall iflets and rocks, and contain, befides other fruits natural to the foil and climate, that extraordinary and ufeful plant, the bread-fruit tree, which L A H was firft difcovered here. The names of the principal iflar.ds are Guam, Saypan, Tinian, and Rota. - Ladwell , Herts, W. of Baldock. Lady Crofs Hill, Yoikf. SW. of Barnefley. Lady Ijland, in Wexford, Leinfler. Lagan, a river in Down, UKter. Lag- gan Bridge, in Monaghan, Ulller. Lagham , Surry, near Godflone. Lag by, in Donegal, Ulder. Lag ny, a town in the dept, of Seine and Marne, feated on the river Marne, 1 5 milts E. of Paris. Lagoon Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Capt. Cook, in 1769. A lagoon occupies the middle and much the larger part of it. The whole ifland, being disjoined by reefs,, it looks like a number of iflands joined together. It is covered with wood, and trees of different verdure, cocoa-nut, palm-trees, See. Lat. 18. 47. S. Ion. 139. 28. W. Lagos, afea-port of Portugal, in Al- garve, where the Engliffi fleets, bound to the Straits, ufualiy take in frefh water. Near this town is Cape Lagos, 120 miles S. of Lifbon. Lat. 37. 2. N. Ion. 8. 33. W. Laguna, or Christobal de la •Laguna, (fo named from a lake, a little to the E. of the town, now only an incon- flderable piece of water) a handfome town of the Ifland of Teneritfe, one of the Ca- naries, containing 2 parifli churches, fe- veral convents, and an hofpital. The ftreets are large and handfome. The go- vernor has a palace here, but generally re- fides at Santa Cruz. It is yvell fupplied with water, and is fituated on a fmall emi- nence, every day refreffied with cooling breezes, in lat. 28. 28. N. and Ion. 16. 28. W. Laguna, a town of Venezuela, in Terra Fiona, on the W. fide of LakeMa- rafcaybo. Lagunes of Venice, aremarfhes, or lakes, in Italy, on which Venice is feated, and which communicate with the fea. There are about 60 iflands in thefe La- gunes. Eurano is the mod confiderable, next to thofe on which the city of Venice (lands. Lahab, a town of Auftria, 26 miles N. of Vienna. La holm, a lea- port of Sweden, in Hol- land, 12 miles SSE. of Halmftadt. Lahore, the capital of a province of the fame name, in Hindooflan Proper, and in the Panjab, or Country of the Five Ri- vers, or five eaftern blanches of the Indus. It is a place of high antiquity, and was the refidence of the Mahometan conquer- ors of Hindooftan, before they had eltab- D da l-ifhed L A L lifhed themfelves in the central parts of the country. It owed it’s modern im- provements, however, to Humaioon, the father of Acbar, who made it his refidence, during a part of his troublefome reign. Thevenot fays that, including the fuburbs, it was 3 leagues in length at that period $ and when he faw it, in 1665, the city it- felf was above a league in extent. Ice is brought from the northern mountains to Lahore, and fold there all the year. The famous avenue of ftately trees, fo much fpoken of by the early Indian travellers, began at Lahore, and extended to Agra, near 500 Englifh miles. Lahore is now the capital of the Seiks, a new power, whole name, even as a fett, was hardly known till the rapid decline of the Mogul’s empire, in the prefent century. Here they have extenfive manufa&ures of cotton cloths, and ftufFs of all kinds, and they make very curious carpets. It is fituated on the S. bank of the Rauvee, 280 miles N. by W. of Delhi, and 420 E. of Can- dahar. Lat. 31. 15. N. Ion. 72. 48. E. Lahore, a province in Hindooftan Proper, oftener called Panjab, and bound- ed on the W. by Cabul and Candahar, on the N, by Cachemire, on the E. and SE. by Sirinagur and Delhi, and on the S. by Moultan. It is near 300 miles in length from E. to W. and about 100 miles from N. to S. The foil is remarkably fertile, abounding in rice, corn, vines, fugars, cotton, wool, and fruits of every kind. In the tra <51 between the Indus and the Rehat are falt-fprings, wonderfully productive, and affording fragments of rock-falt, hard enough to he formed into veflcls, &c. Laighton , or Low Layton, Eftex, 5 miles E. of London. Lai kirk . York (hire, N W. of Barnard Caftle. Laindon Hills $ jfee Lang don. Laino, a town of Calabria Cifra, feat- ed on, or near, the river Laino, 19 miles WNW. of Caffano. Lainfton , Hants, near Winchefter. Lair "A/Iarney, EfTex, near St. Ofyih. Lahh , Cumb. in A6ton parifli. Lake, D rfetf. near Winborn Minlter. Lake Wiits, SW. of Amtfbury. Lake, South , Line, near Market Deeping. Lahenham. adjoining Norwich. Lakingheath , Suffolk, SW. of Brandon. Laland, a fmall ifland of Denmark, in the Brhic, lying S. of Zealand, from which it is fepaiated by a narrow channel. It is reckoned the molt fertile fpot in the Danifh dominions, producing all forts of grain, particularly very fine wheat and ex- cellent peafe. N fko.v is the capital. Lalavd Jfte } Cornwall* at the mouth of LAM Padftow Haven. Lalant , Cornwall, near the bottom of St. Ives’ Bay. Laleham> Middlefex, near the Thames, between Shepperton and Staines. Lamb Ahhey y Kent, near Dartford. Lamballe, a town in the dept, of the North Coaft, srading in cattle, linen, and parchment. It j; 37 miles NW . of Rennes. Larnhart Caftle , and Hill , Donetfhire, E. of Axmir.fter. Lambay, an ifland on the coaft of the county of Dublin, about 12 n.des NE. of the metropolis, to which parties of plea- fure frequently reprdr in fummer. Lambayeque, a town of Sana, in Truxillo, in the country of Peru, contain- ing about 1500 houfes, built, fome of brick, and others of cane plaftered over. It is fituated on a rivulet of the fame name, near the coaft. in lat. 6. 42. S. Lambcote , or Lorncote, Nott. near the Trent, SW. of Bingham. Lambcote , Warw. near I^o.ver Ea tendon. Lamber - hurft, Kent, SW. of Goudhurft. Lambesc, a town in the dept, of the Mouths of the Rhone, io miles NW. of Aix. Lambethy a village of Surry, on the Thames, oppofite Weftminfter. By the vaft increafe of buildings, it is now joined to the metropolis, in a dire&ion to each of the three bridges. Lambeth Palace, in which the archbifhops of Canterbury have relided, ever fince the year 1109, contains fta-ely and magnificent apartments: it's gallery is well furnifhed with the portraits of all the archbifhops, and other eminent perfonages ; and it’s noble library is filled with MSS. of great value. Lamborn, a town in Berks, feated on a fmall river of the fame name, (which is remarkable for being high in the fummer and low in the winter, and falls int© the Kennet below Newbury,) 7 miles N. of Hungerford, and 68 W. of London. Mar- ket on Friday. Lamborne , Eftex, 4 miles from Epping. Lambrigg , Weftm. near Kendal. Lambro, a river of Italy, which rifes in the duchy of Milan, about 7 miles NE. from Como, and runs into the Po, about 5 miles above Piacenza. Lambrook, E . and IV. Somerfed. near Kiiigfburv. Lamchaney Cornwall, near Fowey. Lamego, a town of Portugal, in Beira. Lamer , Herts, on the N. fide of the ri- ver Lea, in Wheat Hampllead parifh. It’s church, built like a cathedral, is thought to he the oldeft in the county: the rood appears to be left in it ftill, which ferves foe the clerk’s dclk, Lamerfti, Ef- LAM fex, S> of Sudbury. Lamerton , or Lam - berton , Devon f. z miles from Taviftock. Lamiford , Cnmb. on the borders. of Scot- land and Northumberland. Lamitor If.e , Devonf. adjoins Lundy. It abounds with famphire. Lamley. Northumb. near Fea- therftonhaugh. Lamley , Nott. by Sher- wood Foreft. Lamley Lodge, Rutland, W. of Ridling^en Park. Lammas, Nor- folk, near Wurfted. Lammkrmuir, a mountainous ridge in Scotland, which divides the county of Berwick from that of Haddington for above 20 miles. The mountains are, in general, covered with heath, and afford but (canty pafture for the (heep that feed on them. Lammoram, Cornw. SW. of Tregony. Lamo, an ifland and fea-port of Africa, on the coaft of Zanguebar, in lat. 2. o. S. and Ion. 40. 24. E. The king and go- vernment, being Mahometans, are fre- quently at war with the reft of the inha bitants, who are Pagans. In 1589, the king of this ifland was beheaded by the Portuguel’e. His crime, whether real or pretended, was his having bafely betrayed the governor of the coaft. For this he was feized, with four of his Mahometan fub- je&s, in his own capital, and carried to Pate, where they were publicly executed, in the prefence of the king of that ifland, and of feveral petty kings of the neigh- bouring iflands; ever fince which, Lamo has been tributary to the Portuguefe, Lamonby , Cumberland, NW. of Pen- rith. Lamorney Point , Cornwall, W. of Mount’s Bay. Lampedosa, an uninhabited, but plea- fant and fertile, ifland, on the coaft of Tunis, about 12 miles in circumference, with a jtood harbour, well fupplied with frelh water, where (hips touch at. It con- tains a building, divided into a church and a mofque, which is vilited by both Catholics and Mahometans. Near it is a magazine, well provided, where veflels may find neceffaries, for which they depo- fit the value, in a cheft, if money, and in the church, if goods. On certain days, feme Sicilian monks come to colleft the depefits, and bring other (tores. The profits are applied to the benefit of the hofpital at Trapani. Lat. 36. 10. N. Ion. 11. o. E. Lampeis End. Glouc. in Hartpury pa- ri(h. Lamplugh , Cumb. between Cocker- mouth and Egrcmorit. Lamport, Bucks, in Stow parilh. Lamport , 6 miles from Northampton. Lambton, near Durham. Lampion , Midd. near Hounfiow. Lam~ ridge, Weftmoi land, NE. of Kendal. LAN Lampsaki, a town of Natolia, cele- brated for it’s wine. Lamjley, Durham, near Ravenfworth Caftle. Lampflon, Hants, SE. of Portf- mouth. Laniyat, Someri. W. of B; uton* Lanarth. a town of Cardigan (hire, 195 miles from London. Market on Tuefday. Lanbeach, Cambridgefhire, not 2 miles from Burwell. J.anbrigan, Cornwall, NE* of St. Allen. Lancant, Gloucefterfhire, N. of Chepftow on the Wye. Lancashire, a county of England, bounded on the W. by the Irifh Sea, on the N. by Cumbeihnd and Wcltmorland, on the E. by Yorkfhire, and on the S. by Chefhire. It is 74 miles from north to fourh (including a detached hundred on the northweft, called Furnefs, which is fe- parated from the reft by a creek, at the head of Morecambe Bay) and from 15 to 4+ in it’s greateft breadth. It is divided into 6 hundreds, which contain 26 market towns, 62 parifhes, 894 villages, about 43,000 hbiiles, and 260.000 inhabitants. The air, in general, is very healthful, the inhabitants living to a great age. This county comprifes a variety of foil and face of country; bu 1 ", upon the whole, it is one of thofe which are the lead favoured as to natural advantages, a proof of which is the ancient thinnefs of it’s population, (flown by the very fmall number of pa- rifhes into which it is divided. The hun- dred of Furnefs is a wild and rugged re- gion, ftored with quantities of iron ore and (late, and covered with a growth of underwood, which is cut in fucceflion, and made into charcoal for the ufe of the iron furnaces. The eaftern part of the county between the Ribble and the Merfey, com- prifing the ancient forefts of Wyrefdale and Bowland, is mountainous and gene- rally barren; but the fouthern part of the traft between thefe two rivers is flat, quite from the fea to Che commencement of the ridge called Blackftone-edge, that fepa- rates the county from Yorkfhire. Much of this is a fertile country, though occa- fionaliy deformed by the black turf bogs, here called modes : fome of which are of large extent, and abfoiutely impaflable in wet fealons. In the northeaft part of this divifion, are fome lofty hills, the meft noted of which is P<.ndle Kill. The re- maining part is varied with hill, dale, and moor. The natural produffs of this coun- try are of little conilquence, except the coal and turf with which it’s fouthern parts abound. Of the former is a fprc : es, called cannel, far exceeding all other, nor only in making a cleat fire, but for being LAN capable of being manufaftured into can- dlefticks, cups, flandifhes, fnuff-boxes, &c. and of being polished, f'o as to repre- fent a beautiful black marble. Lancaftnre is little adapted for a corn country, not only, in many parts, from the nature of it’s foil, but from the remarkable wetnefs of it’s climate; the land, however, is An- gularly fitted to the growth of the potatoe. All tire rivers afford falmon; and the Merfey is vifited by annual fhoals of fmelts, here called Iparlings, of remarkable fize and flavour. As a commercial and ma- nufa&turing county, Lancashire is diftin- guifhed beyond moft others in the king- dom. It’s principal manufactures are linen, filk, and cotton goods; fuftians, counterpanes, Shalloons, bays, l’erges, tapes, fmall wares, hats, fail-cloth, hack- ing, pins, iron goods, call plate-glafs, &c. Of the commerce of this county, it may i'uffice to obferve, that Liverpool is the third, if not the fecond, port in the king- dom. The principal rivers are the Mer- fey, Irwell, Ribble, Lone, Leven, Wyre, Hodder, Roche, Duddon, Winder, Ken, and Calder, and it has two confiderable lakes, Wipander Mere and Conifton Wa- ter. Lancafter is the county town. ^Lancaster, the county town of Lan- cashire, is an ancient, well-built, and ra- pidly improving town, containing about 1160 houfes, and 1600 families. On the furnmit of a hill Hands the caftle, which is not ancient, but large and Strong, and now ferves both as the fhire-houle and the county-goal. On the top of this caftle is a fquare tower, called John of Gaunt’s Chair, where there is a fine profpeCt of the mountains of Cumberland, and of the courfe of the Lone ; the view toward the fea, ex r ending to the Ifle of Mm. The town hall is a handfome ftru&ure. Lan- caller dairies ,on a confiderable trade, ef- peci ally to the Weft Indies, America, and the Baltic. The exports are hardware, woollen goods, candles, and cabinet work, for the making which laft it is noted ; and it has alfo a manufacture of fail-cloth. It is feated on the river Lune, which here forms a port for veffels of moderate fize, and over which it has a new ilone bridge of 5 elliptical arches, 66 miles S. of Car- lisle, and 235 NNW. of London. Lar. 54. 4. N. Ion. 2. 56. W. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday, and one on every other Wednefday for cattle. Lancaster, the county town of a county of the fame name, in Pcnnfylvania. It’s trade is large, and daily increasing. It contains 3n elegant court-houfe, and a college, Joimded in 1787, named Franklin LAN College, with feveral churches, and about ! 5000 fouls. It is feated near the Sufque- hanna, 53 miles W. of Philadelphia. Lancaster, a town of Maffachufets ; a county of S. Carolina; and a county of Virginia. Lancant, Glouc. in Tiddenham parifti. Lancerotta, one of the Canary If- lands, about 30 miles long and 24 broad. It is very high, and may be difeovered at a great diftance. It abounds in grain, fruits, goats, horned cattle, hares, camels, and afles. There is a haven in the NE. end, where (hips may lie land-locked from all winds, in 10, 1 5, and 20 fathoms. Lat. 29. 14. N. Ion. 13. 26. W. Lancbejler , NW. of Durham. Lanciano, a town of Abruzzo Citra, . of which it is the capital. It is 84 miles N. of Naples. Lancras , Devon f. near Shebbear. Lane- ton, E. and W. Leic. SW. of Hallaton. Landaff, a lmall town of Glamorgan- ' Hi ire, feated on an afeent, on the river Tate, near Cardiff ; but the cathedral, a large, (lately building, Hands on low ground. It is a place of good trade, but has no market, and is 30 miles NW. of , Briftol, and 166 W. of London. Landau, a ftrongly fortified town in the dept, of the Lower Rhine, containing 4 churches, and about 4000 inhabitants. It was ceded to France by the treaty of Baden, in 171-4, and is fituated on the ri- ver Queich, 204 miles nearly E. of Paris. Landbeach , 5 miles N. of Cambridge. Landcan, Chefti. between the Dee and the Merfey. Landcloe, Carmarthen!. Land- eaft, Yorkf. SE. of Halifax. Landeaji , Cornwall, W. of Launcefton. Landen, a town of Auftrian Brabant, where the allies, under King William and the EleCtor of Bavaria, w’ere defeated by the Duke of Luxemburg, July 29, 1693. The French were repulfed two or three times, and loft a great many officers and men, but returning to the charge, they gained a victory, which, however, coft them dear, having 15,000 killed, and be- j tween 9 and 10,000 wounded. Tire con- federates loft 60 pieces of cannon, 9 mor- tars, &c. with feveral ftandards, colours, and about 7000 men killed and wo'unded. The French army amounted to 80,000 men, and that of the allies to lefs than one-third of that number. It is feated on the river Beck, 17 miles NW. of Huy. Landerneau, a town in the dept, of Finifterre, feated on the river Elliorn, 16 miles NE. of Breft. Landes, a department of France, a part of what was heretofore called Landes, and r LAN and includes Marfan, in Gafcony ; bound- ed on the N. by the dept, of the Gironde, and orv the S. by the Lower Pyrenees. It takes it’s name from a diftri6l called Landes, extending along the coaft of the Bay of Bifcay. This is a barren, fandy, country, covered with fern, pines, and the holm-tree; of the bark of which corks are made. The foil, however, is improved by manuring it with marl, and lowing it with rye. It is thinly peopled. Mont de Marfan and Dax are the principal towns. Landexv , Cornwall, S. of Launcefton. Landexuenake , Cornw. near the Lizard Point. Landford, Dorfetf. i mile from Grim It on. Landgreat , Line, has a ferry over the Witham. Landguard forty in the limits ol Effex, though on the Suffolk fide of the harbour of Harwich. Land- koufe> Yorkf. N. of Milton. Landlip, or Landilpy Cornw. N. of Saltafh, near the Tamar. Landmoutb , York SE. of North- allerton. Land, North , York!. SW. of Halifax. Lanorecy, a town in the dept, of the North, ieated on the river Sambre, 17 mii^s SW. of Quefnoy, and 100 N. by E. of Paris. It was taken by the French, under the Marechals Turenne and Ferte, in the year 1655, after 10 days open trenches, in fight of the Spanilh army, confuting of 35,000 men, under the Prince of Conde, and was ceded to France by the peace of the Pyrenees. The French greatly enlarged it’s fortifications, and made it one of the ftrortgeft places in the country. It was taken by Prince Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Ormond, July 31ft, J712, after 51 fiege of 14. days. Landseerg, a town of Natanzen, in Pruffia; a town of Stiria; a town of Hoya, in Weftphalia, fituated on the Weler; a town of Deux Ponts, Upper Rhine; a town of Upper Bavaria, lituated on the Lech, 18 miles S. of Auglburg ; a town of Leipfic, in Upper Saxony ; and a town in the New Marche of Brandenburg', fitu^ ated on the Warta, 20 miles E. of CwT- trin. It has feveral manufactures of (luff and cloth, with a confiderable trade in wool. Landsberg Alt, a town in the Mid- dle Marche of Brandenburg, 14 miles ENE. of Berlin. Landscroon, a fort in the dept, of Upper Rhine, 5 miles SW. of Bafle. Landscroon* or Lands.crona, a fea-port of Schonen, in Sweden, with a good harbour, between the continent and a final 1 iflatid, about 20 feet deep. It is a ftiple town, and has a gaiiifon, with fome old fortifications, and uew works are LAN erefling, with a view to command the whole coaft of Schonen, along the Sound. It is 21 miles NW. of Lund. Alio, a town of Cracow, in Poland ; and of Cliru- dim, in Bohemia. Landjdo-Jvn, Somerfetfliire, near Bath. Land’s End, a promontory of Corn- wall, the molt vvefterly point of Great Bri- tain, and a vaft aggregate of moor ftone. Lat. 50. 6. N. Ion. 5. 40. W. Land’s End, a cape of Kent, on the NE. coaft of. the Iflatid of Shepey, about 4 miles NW. from Shelnefs. Landschut, a town of , Schweidnitz, in SiJefia. Landshut, an open, well-built town of Lower Bavaria, capital of a government of the fame name. It contains 2 electoral palaces, a parifli church, 6 convents, and a college. The fteeple of it’s church is reckoned the higheil in Germany. It is fituated on the Ifer, 32 miles NE. of Mu- nich. Alfo, a town of Lemburg, in Po- land, 72 miles W. of Lemburg. Landshut*, a town of Brunn, in Mo- ravia. L*vdxvade, Camb. near Newmarket. Lane t or Lann, a river in Kerry, Mun- fter, which runs from Lough Lane into Caftleinain Bay. Lane, Lake, or Lough, a name given to the Lake of Kiliarney, width fee. Lanedeify Staff, in the parilh of Stoke upon Trent. Lanercoji Priory, Cumb. nearNaworth, in a romantic valley, N. of the river Irthing, and a little S. of the Pints’ Wall. It’s rem is confift of the priory church, and fome few of the offices of the monaftery, fitted tip for a farm houfe. In the chancel, which is in ruins, amidft ftirubs, brambles, and nettles, ap- pear feveral very elegant tombs of the Dacre family. On a ftone, on the infide of the E. wall, is the following infcriptLn : “ Robert de Vallibus, the Ion of Hubert, lord of Giffar.d, founder of the priory of Lanercoft. A. D. 1116.” Lanerk, a town of Lanerkfliire, feat- ed on the NE. fide of the river Clyde, 19 miles SE. of Glafgow. Lanerkshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. and NE. by the coun- ties of Dumbarton, Stirling,. Linlithgow, and Edinburgh ; on the E. by the coun- ties of Peebles and Dumfries ; on the S. by Dumfriesftiire ; and on the W. by the flares of Ayr and Renfrew. It’s extent, from N. to S. is about 40 miles, and it’s mean breadth about 22. The fouthem part of this county is generally called Clydefdale. The river Clyde divides this county into two equal parts, called the Dd 4. fhire L’A N LAN Jhire of Lanerk and the barony of Glaf- Langdon, Weft , Kent, between Barham gow; the one hilly* heathy, and fit for Down and the fea. Langdon, Eaft, Kent, pafture; and the other level, and proper for N. of Dover Caftle. Langdon Hall , War- corn. It ab .Js with coal and lime vvickrtiire, in Solihull parifh. ftones ; has fotr-j .e:A mines, arid quarries Langeac, a town in the dept, of Up- Of lapis lazuli, b uincipal rivers are per Loire, feated near the river Allier, 17 the Clyde, Annan, ; Tweed'. miles E. ofiSr. Flour. Lanejborougb, 6 rTb from York. Langeais, a town in the dept, of Lanesborough, a town of Longford, Indre and Loire, feated on the Loire, ia in Leinftei , feated on the Shannon, over miles W. of Tours, which there is a bridge into Rofcommon, Langeland, a very fertile ifland of 7 miles SW. o; Longford, and 62 WN W. Denmark, in the Baltic, between the iflands of Dublin. of Lalandand Funen, about 30 miles long, Langanhy, Camb. SE. of Salkeld. and from 3 to 5 broad. It produces Langanico, or Sunri, anciently plenty of corn. The only town is Rut- Olympia, a town in the Morea, fituated coping. on a fmali river, called Carbon, anciently Langenhoe , Effex, NW. of St. Ofyth. Alpheus, 60 miles SW. of Corinth. It Langenthal, a town of Bern, in is, at prelerit, an Lronfiderable place, but Swifferland, noted for 3 great annual fairs, was formerly of g at note, and particu- for linen cloth, cheefe, cattle, horfes, grain, Iarly for it’s fpe- ,,ncies s or games, held Sec. It is 18 miles NE. of Berne, every fifth year, and from which the com- Langerfton , SufF. a fboal of land, for z putation of time, in Greece, by olympiads miles about Landguard Fort, on' which took it’s rife. In this city was a magni- the fifhermen dry their nets. Langfield , \ ficent temple of Jupiter Olympus, with a Yorkf. W. of Halifax, celebrated image of that god, 50 ells high. Langford, a town of Kentucky. Langar } Nett, on the Trent, W. of ' Langford, Bedf. near Bigglefwade. Belvoir Caftle. Langford , Berks, near Lechlade. Lang- Langbear, Devohf. in High Haynton ford, G ornw. S. of Stratton. Langford t parifti ; has, or had, a market on Friday. Devonf. near Kentifbear. Langford, Dcrb. Langborough , Cumb. W. of Carlifie. near Afhbourn. Langford , Effex, near Langcliff, Yorkf. near Settle. Langcotes, Malden. Langford, Oxf. near Aulcefter. Dorletf. in Winfrith parifh. Langdale , The Akeman Street paffes over it’s brOok. Weftmorland, SE. of Orton. Langdale , Langford, Norf: NE. of Methwold. Lang- Great and Little, Weftmorl. W. ot Am- ford, Norf. between Brandon Ferry and bleiide. Here are two high hills, called Watton. Langford, Shropf. near New- Hardknot and Wreynofe, on the latter of port. Langford , Somerf. 10 miles from which* a rivulet divides Cumberland from Briftol. Langford , Somerf. z miles from Weftmorland: near it are fome copper Wellington. Langford , Somerfetf. near mines. Langdale End , Yorkf. S. of Churchill. Langford, Ifle of Wight-, in Whitby. Langdon , Cornw. NW. of E. Medina. Langford, Dorfetf. N. of Launcefton. Langdon, Devonfhire, near Frampton. Langford, Wilts, E. of Plympton. Langdon , the name of 2 pa- Downton. Langford , Devonf. near Mod- rifhes, in Effex, contiguous to each other, bury. Langford , Little and Steple, Wilts, in the road from Chelmsford to Tilbury NW. of Wilton. Langforth, or Land- Tort. The firft is called Langdon nvith ford, Nott. N. of Newark. Langbadern , Bafildon j the fecond, Langdon Hills, or Cornw. between Tregonyand Trewar- Langdon njoith Weft Lea. From this laft, dryth Bay. Langhall, Norf. near Kirk- a moft aftonifhing prolpe6f,on the SE. and fted. Langham , Rutland, a chapejry to SW. breaks out almoft at once from one Okeham. Langham, Efiex, W. of Man- of the dark lanes j it exhibits a very beau- ingtree. Langham, Nott. NE. of Ttix- tiful aud extenfive valley, with a view of ford. Langham, SufiF. between Bardwell L.ondon to the right 3 the Thames wind- and Waltham, in the Willows. Lang- ing through the valley, full of fhips fail- ham. Great and Little , Norf. near Wells, ing up and down ; the view extending to NW. of Holt. Lanhaugb , Northumb. the left beyond the Medway, and bounded near the Cheviot Hills. Langhem , North- in front by the hills of Kent. Langdon umb. in the barony of Bothal. Langbill , Hills are 22 miles E. by N. of London. Weftm. near the rivers Lune and Riffon- Langdon, and it’s Foreft, Durham, on the dale. Langhoe Hall, Lancafhire, N. ot borders of Cumberland, near the Tees. Blackburn. Langdon, a river in Durham, which runs Langholm, a town of Dumfries (hire, into the Tees below Tedilale Foreft. feated on the river Elk. Lang bora, LAN Langhorn , Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Langione. See Lanjan. Langley , near Derby. Langley . SW. of Durham. Langley , Durham, NW. of Staindrop. Langley , Durh. SE. of Lan- chefter. Langley , EiTex, in Great Wal- tham parifh. Langley , Effex, E. of Bark- way. Langley , Herts, SW. of Stevenage. Langley , Kent, near Maid (fone. Langley , Kent, near Bromley. Langley , Norfolk, near London Eaftcoat. Langley , Shropf. near Acton Burnel. Langley , Hants, in the New Foreft. Langley , Leic. E. of Stanton Harold. Langley, Devonfhire, in High Bickington parilli. Langley , Oxf. near Wichwood Foreft. It is noted for a remarkable quarry of hard (tone, of the teftaceous kind, which receives a very good polifh, and is thought to make the bell lime ftone. King John had a palace here, l'ome veftiges ot which, in a barn and farm-houft, with Gothic arches and win- dows, a park wall, io feet high, &c. yet remain. The royal family often removed hither from Woodftock. Langley, Glouc. in Winchcomb parifh. Langley. Warw. near Claverdon. Langley Abbot's, Her^s, SW. of St. Alban’s. Langley Burrel , Wilts, N. of Chippenham. Langley Caf- tle, Northumb. on an eminence, near the S. Tyne. It is built in the form of the letter H, with 4 towers, one at the extre- mity of each wing. The walls are 7 feet thick, and the NE. tower 06 feet high. Several of the rooms, which are vaulted, remain entire. Langley , King's , Herts, W. of the river Bulburn, or Hunton, as Abbot’s Langley is on the E. had a royal palace, built by Henry III. where king Richard II. with his queen, and many of the nobility, kept a Chriftmas. Here alfo was born and buried, Edmund, duke of York, fon of Edward III. called Edmund of Langley i and many others of that fa- mily were buried here. Langley Kirk , Derbyf. between Kiddefley Park and the ' river Erwafh. Langley Marjb , Bucks, between Colebrook and Stow. Langley • Park, Bucks, a feat in a fine park, near the town of Colnbrook. Langley Wilbore, Efiex, in Rickling parifh. Langmere , Norf. a hamlet of Dickleburgh. Langney , Suflex, near Pevenfey Haven. Lang New- ton, Cumb. in the parifh ot Abbey Holme. Langon, a town in the dept, of Gi- ronde, noted for excellent wine, it is feated on the river Garonne, 1 e miles N. of Bazas. Langport , and New Langport, Kent, in the parifh of Lyd. Langport, a well-frequented town in Sumerfetfhire, feated on a hill, on the river LAN Parrot, which is navigable for large coal- barges, &c. to Bridgewater, 10 miles SE* of Bridgewater, and 12S W. by S. of London. In frofty weather eels are taken, in vaft numbers, out of thr holes in the banks of it’s river. Market on Saturday. Langres, an ancient and confident ole town in the dept, of Upper Marne, feated on a mountain, near the fources of the ri- ver Marne, 35 miles NE. or Dijon. The cutlery wares made here are in high efteem. This town is thought to ftand the higheft of any in France. Langridge Somerf. S. of Dulverton. Langridge, Somerf. NE. of Launl'don. Langridge, We ft moil. W. of Amblefide. Langrigg , Hants, NW. of Petersfield. Langrigg, Cumberl. in Bromfield parifh. Langrike, Line, near '"'orrcatile. Lang- rike, Yorkf.^W. Riding, has a ferry over the Oufe to HowdefiN Langfet , Yorkf. NE. of Lady Crofs Hill. Langstcne Harbour, in Hants, is about 4 rvk- di ! ant from that of Portf- mouth, and eqqilly capacious j but the entrance is more difficult on account of it’s bar, which, however, never fhifts, and over which there is a depth of f5 feet at low water. Neither is it defended from the foutherly winds, which blow right into the harbour, without any fhelter. Langjlredale, Yorkf. a chafe, NE. of Settle. Langthorp, Yorkf. NW. of Be- dall. L.angtfywate, Yorkf. near Doncaf- ter. Langtoft, Yorkfhire, neariStamford, Langton , Dorfetf. z milts S. of Fle£t, on the river of that name. Langton. Dorfetf. a mile E. of Blandferd, on e N. bank of the Stour. Langton, Dnrh.'E. of Stain- drop. Langton, Line. N. of S'phfby. Langton , Line, near Horncaftle. Lang - ion , Lincoln!', near Wiajay. Langton , Northumb in the barony of Wark . Lang- ton , Oxford!’. NE. cf Bice ter. Langton, Wefttn. S. of Mutton. Langton , Yorkf. S. of New Mahon. / an^ton, Berwickf. one mile and a hair SW. ot Greeaiaw. Langton , Maltra r oers and Wallis, Dorfetf. near the coaft, 2 miles W. of Sandwich. Langton Butler , Dorfetf. E. of Blandford. Langton Chapel, Lane. SW. of Prcfton. Langton , Eajl , fee L an ft on. Langton , Great and Little, Yorkf. NW. of North- allerron. Langton Hall , or Lodge , Notf. in Sherwood Foreft. Langton Herring, Do-fen. near Beminftcr. Langton Thorp , Leic. NE. of Harhorough. Langtojl , Line, near Market Deeping. Langfree , Devon f, SW. of Tomngron. Langtree t Lancdffiirc, NW. of Wigan. Languedoc, a ci-devant province in the S. of France, bounded on the E. by the LAN the Rhone, and on the S. by Rouffiilon and the Mediterranean, and on the W. by Gafcony, The land is, in general, very fertile in grain, fruits, and wine. Tou- loufe was the capital of Upper, and Mont- pellier of Lower Languedoc. It is now divided into 7 departments ; the Ardefche, Lozere, Gard, Herault, Tarn, Upper Ga- ronne, and Aude. Langvil, Shropf. SW. of Wenlcck. Langvsathby, Cumberl. near Edenhall. Langzvich, Bucks, in Princes Rifhorough parifh. Lang-with Over, Derby f. near Bolfover. Langvoortb , Nott. SW. of Workfop. Lanbarn , Cornwall, NW. of Columb Magna. Lanbedrock, Cornwall, a miles S. of Bodmin. Lanjan, a city of Afia, capital of the kingdom of Laos, or, at lead, of the l’outh- ern divifion. It is the uftial relidence of the king, whole palace appears like a city, from it’s valt extent, and the number of people who inhabit it. The houfes of the grandees are very high and elegant, well contrived and ornamented, but thofe of in- terior condition are no better than huts. The prieffs alone have the psivilege of building, their houlcs and convents, with brick or done. It is fituated on the W. fide of the river Mecon, in lat. 18, 30. N. Ion. 101. 15. E. Lannion, a town in the dept, of the North Coaft, 15 miles W. of Treguier. It’s trade conlilts in wine and hemp, and it has fome mineral waters. The inhabit- ants of Lannion, Guincarnp, and the en- virons, fpeak the Celtic, or Welch lan- guage, which is laid to have been brought hither by the Britons, who took refuge in thefe parts, in the fifth century. Lankey , Devon f. near Barnftaple. Lan- liver, Cornw. near Leftwithiel. Lan Ma- ris , Glouc. in Winrufh parifh. Lanno, Cornwall, near Michelffow. Lanroy, a town in the dept, of the North, 6 miles ENE. of Lille. Lanon , Carmai rhenf. Lanracke , Corn- wall, between Saltalh and Lefkard, Lan- reafl, Cornw. SW. of Lefkard. Lanreth , Cornw. NE. of Fovvey. Lanfallos , Cornw. SE. of Fowey. Lanfazvel y 15 miles NNE. of Carmarthen. Lansinburgh, formerly called New City, a flourifhing town of N. America, in the date of New York. It Hands on the E. fide of Hud fan's River, oppofite the S. branch of Mohawk’s River, 9 miles N. of Albany. Lanieglafs , Cornw. near Fo.wey. Lan - trglafs, Cornw. NW. of Caruelford. La 7 i- terden , Shropf. near Munllow, at, or near, the conflux of the rivers Temd and Colun, LAP In the neighbourhood is a perfeft Roman camp, called Brandon ; and a Britilh camp,’ called Coxall. Lantbony, near Gloucefter, has fame ruins of a priory, now converted into a farm-houfe, and very extenfive offi- ces, fituated in a deep, folitaiy valley, en- compaffed with rocks, which alrnolt ex- clude the mid-day fun. It was built by St. David, who lived a hermit here, in the reign ot Henry I. Lanton , Weftm. near Appleby. Lantvoitt , Glamorgan!". Lan- tony Monajlery, Monm. in the northern- molf corner of the county, fituated in a low vale, inclo fed on all fides with high mountains. It was built in the year 1108. The nave is ftill remaining, from j E. to W. the roof excepted. Lanvich - 4 angel, and Lannvinto , both in Carmarthenf. Lanzo, a fmall town of Piedmont, fi- tuated on the Srura, 11 miles NW. of Turirj. Laon, a confiderable town in the dept, of Ailne, containing about 8000 inhabit- ants. It’s principal trade confifts in corn and wine, and it is noted for excellent ar- tichokes. It is leated on a mountain, 77 miles NE. of Paris. Laos, a kingdom of Afia, bounded on tire W. by Siam and Ava, on the N. by China, on the E. by Tonquin and Cochin China, and on the S. by Cambodia. The j whole region is eroded, from N. to S. by one large river, called the Mecon, into which defeend an infinite number of rivu- lets, that render the foil very fruitful j af- fifled by canals. This country is gene- rally flat, foirounded on all fides by moun- tains, coveted with forefts, which ferve as barriers againfl their potent enemies j it abounds in rice, fruits, corn, and fifh. The drugs called benlamen and lak are ‘ found in this kingdom. The inhabitants are robuft, of an olive complexion, and mild. Their principal occupation is till- 1 ing the ground and falling. The king is abfolute, and has no other law than his own will ; and (hows himfelf but twice in a year. He has a large revenue from ele- phants’ teeth found in his dominions. Tlieir religion is much the fame as that which prevails in all the countries of Far- ther India. Some writers make a diftinc- tion between the fouthern part, which they call Lanjan, and the northern, which they call Laos, or Lap. Lanjan is the capital. Lapford , Devonf. SE. of Chumleigh. Laphao, a town of tue Ifland of Ti- mor, in the Eaftern Indian Ocean, inha- bited by defeendants of the Portuguefe, of a copper colour, with black hair. It con- tains a church, and about 60 houfes, and ! is fituated at the bottom of a bay, on the N. coaft, LAP N. coaft, with a harbour, and fome trade with Goa and Batavia. Lapland, a large country in the N.of Europe, fubjeft to Sweden. It is bound- ed on the N. by the Frozen Ocean ; on the E. by the White Sea ; on the S. by Swe- den and Bothnia ; and on the W. by Nor- way, being computed to be 450 miles in length, and 300 in breadth. The country chiefly confilts of rocks, mountains, de- ferts, forefts, heaths, fens, and lakes, fo that it makes but an uncouth and very dil’agreeable appearance, and is very thin- ly inhabited, in proportion to it’s extent, yet abounds in a great variety of birds, beads, and fifties. The furs and fleins of beavers, otters, black, red, and white foxes, &c. are their chief articles of trade, and they are enabled to fell a confiderable quantity to their neighbours. The Lap- landers are of middling ftature, have gene- rally a flattifti face, fallen cheeks, dark grey eyes, thin beard, brown hair, are flout, ftraight, and of a yellowifti com- plexion, occafioned by the weather, the iinoke of their habitations, &c. Their manner of life renders them hardy, agile, andfupple; but, at the fame time, they are much inclined to indolence. They are peaceable, not given to theft, nor fickle ; and fo proud of their country and confti- tution, that, when removed from the place of their nativity, they ufually die, it is faid, of the nojlalgia , or longing to return. The language 1 of the Laplanders compre- hends fo many dialedfs, that it is with difficulty they underftand each other. They preferve their paftoral manners, fo that agriculture profpers not much among them. They are divided into Fifhers and Mountaineers. The former make their habitations in the neighbourhood of fome lake, whence they draw their fubfiftence. The others fee k their fupport upon the mountains, poflefling herds of rein-deer, which they ufe according to the feafon, but they go generally on foot. They are very induftrious herdfmen, and are rich in comparifon of the Fifners, fome of them poflefling fix hundred or a thoufand rein- deer. The caftrated rein-deer are alert, tame, large, ftrong, and handfome; on which account they ufe them for draught, and hold them in fuch eftimation, that it is a compliment among them to call each other a gelt rein-deer. The Lapland fifhers, who are alfo called Laplanders of the woods, becaufe in fummer they dwell upon the borders of the lakes, and in win- ter in the forefts, live by fifhing and hunt- ing, and chufe their fituation from it’s convenience for sithttf. The introduSlion LAP of fire-arms has almoft entirely abolifhed the ufe of the bow and arrow. With re- fpe& to the larger animals, fuch as wild rein-deer, wolves, & c. they moft frequent- ly knock them down with clubs, as it is eafy to come up with them by their fnow- fhoes, which are very long, and prevent them from finking into the fnow : bears they generally (hoot, and finifh them with fpears. Befides looking after their rein- deer, the fifliery, and the chace, the men employ themfelves in the conftruftion of their canoes, which are little, light, and compaft. They alfo make fledges, to which they give the form of a canoe j har- nefs for the rein-deer; all forts of utenfils in wood, fuch as cups, bowls, &c. which are fometimes prettily carved, fometimes ornamented with bones, brafs, or horn) it is the man’s bufinefs, likewife, to look af- ter the kitchen. The employment of the women conlifts in making nets for the fifliery, drying fifh and meat, milking the rein-deer, making cheel’e, and tanning hides. They prepare (he nerves of the rein-deer in fuch a manner as to make them lerve for thread; and draw brafs wire by the help of the horns of the rein- deer pierced, inltead of a drawing-iron. They embroider their clothes with brafs wire, filver, (ham gold, or wool, which they have the art of dying in all forts of colours. Thefe people live in huts in the form of tents, covered with briars, bark, linen, turf, coarfe cloth, felt, or rein deer fleins ; and the door is of felt, made like two curtains, which open afunder. They are not able to (land upright in thefe huts, but fit upon their heels round the fire. At night they lie down and cover them- felves with their clothes, and in winter put their feet into a fur bag, feparating their apartments with deer-(kins. Their houfehold furniture confifts of iron or cop- per kettles, wooden cups, bowls, fpoons, and fometimes tin, or even filver bafons ; to thefe may be added their implements of fifhing and hunting. In their drels they ufe no linen. The men wear clofe breeches, reaching down to their (hoes, which are made of untanned (kin, pointed, and turned up before; and in winter they put a little hay in them. Their doublet is made to fit their fliape, and open at the bread; over this they wear a clofe coat, the (kirts of which reach down to the knees, and it is fattened round them by a leathern girdle, ornamented with plates of tin or brafs. To this girdle they tie their knives, their inftruments for getting fire, and their fmoking apparatus. Their clothes arc made of fur, leather, or cloth ; always LAP LAR always bordered with fur, or cloth of d if- lotions for the firft year; at the end of . ferent colours. Their caps are edged with which they retire to their own hut. The fur, pointed at top, and the four teams Laplanders bury their dead in coffins; adorned with lilts of a different colour, in ibme cantons with their clothes on, in . The Ruffian Laplanders generally border others quite naked. Their religion is a their caps with rat-fkins. The drefs of compound or Chriftian and Pa^an cere- the yvomen very much refenibles that of the monies; yet all are baptized, and call men; but their girdle is commonly em- themfelves by the name of Chnftians. broidered with braf's wire. Belide thefe, The Lapps, in general, acknowledge the they wear kerchiefs, and little aprons, king of Sweden for their fovgreigo, and made of Ruffian painted cloth, rings on apply to the Swedifh courts of judicature, their fingers, and ear-rings, to which they all ovei Lapland; yet, at certain feaibns, fomttimes hang chains of filver, which foihe of Ahem pay tribute to Denmark or pafs two or three times round the neck. Ruffia, when they pitch their tents within They fometirnes wear caps folded after the dominions of thole, crowns. Lapland the manner of turbans, and fometirnes is divided into 7 provinces, or lapmarks, caps to the fhape of the head ; but all are which derive their name from the places of ornamented with the embroidery of brafs note in Nordland, in whofe neighbourhood wire, or with lift of different colours, they lie, viz. J.imtland, Afele, Umea, Pi- The rein-deer fupply the Laplanders with tea, Lulea, Tornea, and Kiemi. There the greateft part of their provifions : the are no towns, however, in any of the lap- chace and the filhery fuinifh the reft; but marks. the fielh of the bear is their molt delicate Lapley , Staff. SW. of Penkridge. Lap- meat. They eat every kind of fifh, even fide f Devon!’, near Hemlock. Lap^wortb , the fea-dog ; as well as all forts of wild Warwickfhire, E. of Umberflade. animals, not excepting birds of prey and Lar, a town of Perfia, capital of the carnivorous animals. Their winter pro- province of Lariftan. It has a confider- vifions confift of flelh and fiffi, both of able manufacture of fiik; and it’s terri- which they eat raw. They pur the milk tory abounds in oranges, dates, and very of the rein-deer into the ftomachs of that large tamarinds. Ac the foot of a moun- animal, and fo let it freeze ; and when they tain, near the city, is found the fubftance want to ufe'their frozen milk, they chop called mummy. Lat. 27. 30. N. Ion. 52. off pieces with a hatchet. The leafoning 45. E. of their food is the fat of fea-dogs and fait, Lar, a river of Afia, in the country of if they can. get it. They make foups of a Cachemire, which runs into the Behat, fort of cheefe, which is fo fat, that it ! akes about 10 miles NW. of Cachemire. fire on applying a candle. Their common Laracha, a town of Fez, feated at the drink is water, fometirnes mixed with mouth of the river Luccos, with a har- milk ; brandy is lcarce with them; but hour, or river of good depth ; iniecure in they are very fond of it. Their moft con- winter, when the wind blows from the W. liderahle traffic is with the Norwegians, and SW. but fafe from the beginning of Formerly this trade was carried on in the April to the end of September. The large way of barter; but coin is now current vefi'els of the emperor ufuaily winter here, among them. The balance is always in It is 33 miles S. of Tangiers. Lat. 35. favour of the Laplanders; becaul'e they 40. N. Ion. 6. 48. W. can furnifh more merchant! ife in (kins and Larbrick> Lane, near Prefton : it has a furs, than they buy flour, cloth, and hard- chalybeate fpring, the water of which is ware goods. Their weddings are kept at extremely cold, and upon holding a finger, the bride’s houfe, who is dreffed in her heft or hand, in it, the part immerfed grows manner, and appears with her head quite immediately red, and feels exceffively uncovered, which, at other times, is never painful. Fifh, of feveral forts, that have the cultom, with either women or maid- been put into it, expired initantly, after ens ; the feaft is a kind of club mefs, to one convullive effort, which each of the guelts brings meat and Laredo, a fea-port and bay of Bifcay, drink. Their diverlion at weddings, and in Spain, with a good harbour. It is 30 other merry-makings, is the game of fox miles W. of Bilboa. and geefe; they wreftle, and jump over a Larek, a finall ifland in the Perfian flick, and are fend of giving gro-efque ac- Gulf, the foil of which is bad, and the counts or exhibitions of different adven- water brackifh. It is 12 miles SSE. of tures.. They likewife dance and fing, or Gambron. howl in difagreeable meafures. The new-- Largo, a town of Fifelhire, fituated married people live with the woman’s re* on the Frith of Forth, with a good and fafe ♦ m LAS fafe road for reflets of every defcription, 6 mites S. of Cupar. Largton , Lincoln (hire, near Horocaftle. Largy> in Cavan, Uifter. LaricaxAs, a province of Buenos Ayres, in S. America, about So leagues long from E. to W . and 25 broad from N. to S. It is terminated to the N. by the country of Carabaya. The whole province abounds in gold mines, the me- ta: of which is of "quafiy remarkably fine. Th; temperature and produfts are different in different parts. Lari no, a town of Capitanata, in Naples. Larissa, called by the Turks Teni- sahar, a town of Turkey, in tiie pro- vince Janna, with a Greek archbifhop’s fee, a palace, and feveral mofques and Chriftian churches. It carries on a large trade, and is pleafantly feated on the riv^r Per.eus, near the celebrated mountain Olvmpus, 50 miles SW. of Salonichi. Lat. 39. 48. N. Ion. 22. 47. E. Lari st an, a province of Perfia, bound- ed on the N, and E. by Kerman; on the S. by the Pei Gan Gulf; and on the W. by Farfiftan. It was formerly an independent kingdom, under the defendants of Kof- roes, king of Perfia. Th&air is unwhole- fome, and water fit for ufe is very rare. The principal trade of the inhabitants is in camels. Lar is the capital. Larkbeare , Devonfhire, near Siverton. Larkfield, Kent, near Mailing. Lark Stoke, Gloucef. in Quainton parith. Larling- ford , Norf. N. of Eaftling, has about 22 dwelling houfes, and 150 inhabitants, yet isaflefled 280I. 10s. to the land tax. The church and chancel are thatched. *Larne, a town of Antrim, in Uifter, fituated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 8 miles N. of Carrickfergus, and 84 miles N. of Dublin. Larnjc, a fea-port town on the S. coaft of the'ifland of Cyprus, containing a mofque and 3 Greek churches. It is the residence of feveral European confuls, and is 30 miles SW. of Famagofta. Larryeund-ar, a fea port of Hin- dooftan, at the mouth of the river Indus, with a harbour capable of receiving (hips of aoo tons burden. Lat. 24. 44. N. Ion. 67. 37. E. Larta. See Arta. Lartington , Yorkf. near Barnard Caf- tle. Larton, Yorkf. W. of Rippon. Laf- borough , Gloucef. 5 miles from Tetbury. Lafco, Derb. near Codnor Caftle. Lafeby , Lmc. SW. of Great Grimfby. Lafenby , Cumb. N. of Penrith. Lafenby , Yorkf. NW. of Northallerton* Lafenball % Cumb. LAV near Wigton. Lafham , Hants, NW. of Alton. Lofhbrook, Oxf. on the T'uimes, between Sunning and Henley. Lajhkel, a liver in Derby fh ire. Lassa, or Lahassa, otherwife called Baronthala, and in D’AnviUes chart of Thibet, Tonker, is the capital of the country of Great Thibet, in Afia. It is not a large city, but the houfes are of ftone, and are fpacious and lofty. About feven miles on the E. fide of the city, is the mountain, of Putala, which contains on it’s fummit the palace of the grand lama, the high .prieft: and fovereign of Thibet. Lafla is 24 miles NE. of the crofling place of the river Sanpoo, which is feven miles from the foot of Mount Karobala ; and it is 250 miles NE. of Patna. Lat. 30. 34. N. Ion. 91, 40. E. Laffington , near Gloucefter. Laftock, Dorfetf. 3 miles SW. of Abbot’s Stock. Laflock, or Lojiock , Lancafhire, SW. of Bolton. Latakia, an ancient and confiderable town of Syria, built by Seleucus Nicanor, who called it Laodicea, from the name of his mother. It carries on a confider- able commerce, chiefly in tobacco, up- wards of 20 cargoes of which are annually fent to Damietta, in exchange for rice. It’s harbour, like all the others on this coaft, is a fort of bafon environed by a mole, the entrance of which is very nar- row. The Turks have fuffered it to be nearly choked up. The remains of anti- quity fliow it to have been a place of con- fiderable extent. It is 80 miles SW. of Aleppo. Latched , Devonf. in Whitftone parifli. Latchford , Oxf. in Great Haleley parifh. Lateridge , Glouc. S. of Thornbury. La~ tka?n , Lancaf. near Ormlkirk, and in the neighbourhood of coal-pits. In it’s park is a chalybeate water, or fpa, called Maud- lin’s Weil, which has wrought many re- markable cures. Though remote from the fea, or fait water rivers, it ufed to call up marine fhells in large quantities, till millftones were laid upon the fpring, to hinder the fand and (hells from boiling up fo high as formerly, Lathbury , Bucks, near Newport. Lathes , Cumb. NW. of Penrith. Lathejley , Surry, SW. of Guil- ford. Lat holm, Yorkf. between Howden and Pocklington. Latimers , Bucks, near Chefham. Laton , Lane. W. of Kirkham. Laton , E. and IV. Yorkf. NE. of Ravenf- worth Caftle. Latton, Wilts, N. of Cricklade. Latton , Eflex, between Ep- ping and Harlow, had once a priory of Auguftine monks, whofe church is now ufed for a barn. LAVAGNAj LAV Lavagna, a town of Genoa, at the mouth of the river of the fame name. Laval, a confickrable town in the dept, of the Mayenne. The inhabitants are computed at 18,000. Linen of all kinds and qualities is manufaft ured here j and the neighbouring quarries produce green marble, or black, veined with white. It is feated on the river Mayenne, 15 miles S. from the town of that name, and 40 W. of Mans. Alio a town in the dept, of the Lozere. Lavamund, or Lavant Minde, a town of Carinthia, on the Drave. Law ant , a river in Suflex, which runs into the Englifh Channel at Owrmouth, about 5 miles below Chichefter. Lawanty ii. and IV. Suflex, N. of Chichefter. Lavaur, a town in the dept, of Tarn, feated on the river Agout, 20 miles NE. of Touloufe. Laubach, a town of Solms Laubach; and a town of Simmern j both in the circle of the Upper Rhine. Lauda, a town of Wurtzburgh, in Franconia. Lauder, a fmall town of Berwiek- lbire, but lately much improved. It is ieated on the Leader, 22. miles SE. of Edinburgh. See Leader. Lauderdale, a dittrift of Berwick- shire, lb named from the river Lauder, or Leader. Lavello, a town of Bafilicata. Lavelt, or Lafelt, a village, 4. miles W. of Liege, where the allies, un- der the Duke of Cumberland, were defeat- ed by the French under Marlhal Saxe, in 3 747 * Lavenham, or Lanham, a pretty- large town of Suffolk, with a confiderable manufaftory of ferges, lhalloons, leys, fluffs, and fine fpunyarn. It’s church, a very handfome, Gothic ftrufture, with it’s fteeple, 137 feet high, are reckoned the fined in the county. It has a fpacious market-place, encompaffed with 9 ftreets, or divifions, and is pleafantly fit u a ted, in a fine, healthy air, tin a branch of the ri- ver Bret, from whence it rifes gradually to the top of a hill, 12 miles S. bv E. of Bury, and 61 NE. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Thurfday. Lawer , the name of 3 contiguous pa- rifhes in Effex, lying between Harlow and Ongar, and diftinguifhed by the appella. tionsof tiigh, Magdalen, and Little. They are about 21 miles N. by W. of London. Lawerjloch, Hants, near Overton. La - < verjlock , Wilts, near Clarendon Park. Law er ton, Gloucef. in Bnckland parifli. Lawerion , Someifetf. near Philips Norton. LAV Lauffen, a village, caftle, and baili- wick of Zurich, in Swiflerland, about a miles and a half below Schaff haufen. Here is a celebrated cataraft of the Rhine; the perpendicular height of which Mr. Coxe thinks to be 50 or 60 feet, and the breadth 300. Lauffen, a town of Wirtemburg, in Suabia, fituated on the Neckar; a town of Bafil, circle of Upper Rhine; and a town of Salzburg, in Bavaria, fituated on . the Salza. Lauffenburg, one of the four Foreft Towns, in Auftrian Suabia. It is forti- fied, and fituated on both fides of the ri- ver Rhine, over which it has a bridge, near a fall in that river, 18 miles E. of Bafil, Laughton, Line, on the Trent, in the I fie of Axholm. Laughton, SuflVx, E. of Ringmer. Laughton, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Roach Abbey. Lavington, Market, a town in Wilts, with a good market for corn and malt, 4. miles S. of Devizes. Marketson Monday and Wednefday. Lawingion , Bijhops , or Weft, Wilts, near Lavington. Launce , Cornw. E. of Ti uro. Launcells, Cornw. near Stratton. ' Launceston, a populous, trading town of Cornwall, where the winter al- fizes are held. (The fummer aflizes are held at Bodmin, in purfuance of a late aft of parliament.) Leland fays, it was walled in his time, and a mile in compafs. It had formerly a nonaftery, and a noble caftle, becaufe of it’s ftrength, called Caf- tle Terrible, the lower part of which is now made ufe of for the jail. It is feated on the river Tamar, 28 miles N. of Ply- mouth, and 214. W. by S. of London. Markets on Thurfday and Saturday. Laund, Lane. E. of Garftang. Laund , Nottinghamf. E. of Blith. Laund Abbey , Leic, NE. of Hallaton. Laundon , Bucks, near Oulney. Launfdon , Somerfetf. N. of Bath. Launjing, N. and S. Suflex, near New and Old Snoreham. Launjlon , Dor- fetfliire, NE. of Blandford. Laun, a town of S»atz, in Bohemia, fituated on the Egra, in the road between Leipfick and Prague. The adjacent'ter- ritory abounds in fine pallures and excel- lent fruits, particularly apples, which are held in high elleem. Lavora, Terra di, a province of Naples, bounded on the N. by the two Abruzzos ; on the E. by Molifo and Prin- cipato Ultra ; on the $. by the Principato Ultra and the Gulf ol Naples ; and on the W. by the Mediterranean and the Cam- pagna di Roma, about 140 miles in length, 2 and L A W and 33 where broadeft. Anciently it was called Campania, and in the middle ages, The Caflellany of Capua, but received it’s pretent appellation, in the year 1091, from Richard II. prince of Capua, which was afterwards ulVd by the Normans, when they obtained pofl'eflion of Capua, in 1098, from the fund's of the foil for all manner of culture. It yields abundance of corn, wine, oils, fruits, 'and other productions. There are alfo mineral f'prings, and mines of fulphur; and Mount Vel’uvius fome- times throws out torrents of that mineral. Naples is the capital. Laurence , St. Cornw. NE. of Bodmin. Lausanne, in Bern, Swifierland, the principal town of the Pays de Vaud, with a famous college, it contains about 7000 inhabitants j but it is built upon i'uch a lteep afcent, and luch a very uneven tract, that, in fome places, the horfes cannot, without great difficulty, draw up a car- riage; and foot palfengers afcend to the upper part of the town by fteps, from the heights of which the projects are very grand and extenlive, comprehending the Lake of Geneva, the Pays de Vaud, and the rugged '•oalt of Chablais. The town- houfe, and tt .er public buildings are mag- nificent. It is leafed between three hills, in a very pure and healthy air, with plenty of excellent water, and every neceflary of life in the greateft abundance, one mile and a half from the Lake of Geneva, 30 miles NE. of Geneva, and 50 SW. of Bern. Lautenburg, a town of Culm, in Pruifia. Lauter, a river of Suabia, which runs into the Neckar; another river of Suabia, which runs into the Danube; a river of Franconia, which runs into the Maine ; a river of Coburg, in Upper Saxony, which runs into the Itfch ; and a river of France, which runs into the Rhine, at Lauterburg. Lautereurg, a town in the Hartz Forefi, in Lower Saxony ; and a town of France, in the dept, of the Lower Rhine, 14. miles S. of Landau. Lauzun, a town in the dept, of the Lot and Garonne. Law, Larcafii. on the Derwent, near Prefton. Lawarmtk, Cornwall, W. of Lmncefton. Lawcon, Lane, near Leigh. Lawenburg, a town of Saxe Lawen- burg, in Lower Saxony, fituated on the light bank of the Elbe, with a toll ever that river, 30 miles SE. of Hamburg. Lawenburg, a town of Pruffian Po- merania, on the Lehe, 36 miles WNW. of Dantzic. LAY Lawern, near Worcefter. Lawford , EH ex, near Maningtree. Lawford Church and Long Lawford, Warw. NW. of Hill More ton. Lawford , Parana, Warw. near Rugby. Lawghton, Leiceftei fhire, NW. of Harborough. Lawhition, Cornwall, 2 miles from Launceiton, near the Tamar. Lawingen, a town of Neuberg, in Bavaria. Lawley, Shropfhire, near Wellington. Lawling , Eftcx, between Malden and Burnham. Lawnton, Oxfordf. near Bicef- ter. Lawrence^ Lancaf. NW. of Prefton. Lawrence Kirk, a handfoine, little town of Kincardinefhire, where a flourifh- ing man u failure of lawn, cambric, linen, and various other articles, has been lately eftabliflied, by the patriotic proprietor, the late Lord Gardenftone. It is 6 miles W. of Inverbervie. Lawrence, St. the largeft river in N. America, proceeding from the Lake Ontario, from which it runs a courfe of about 700 miles to the Atlantic Ocean. It is navigable as far as Quebec, which is above 4.00 miles ; but, beyond Montreal, it is fo full of fhoals and rocks, that it will not admit large veffels without danger. Lawrence , St. Kent, in Thanet lfle. Lawrence, St. Cumberl. in the Abbey Holm. Lawrence , St. Efiex, near St. Ofyth Ifie. Lawrence , St. Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina, in a fituation remarkably romantic, confiding of a flip of land, fe- cluded from the adjoining country by a range of rocky cliffs, that refemblean im- menfe done wall. Lawrence, St. Somerf.in the luburbs of Briftol. Lawrence Street , St. Middl. between Edgeworth and Tot- teridge. Lawrence JVefton, Gloucef. in Henbury parilh. Lawjkill, Suffolk, NW. of Laneham. Lawton, Heref. SW. of Leominfter, on the Arro river. Lawton , Church, Chefhire, S. of Congleton. Law- ton s Hope, 5 miles from Hereford. Law- ton Tate, Chefhire, near Church Lawton. Laxemeurgh, a town of Auftria, 7 miles S. of Vienna. Laxey, Ifle of Man, on the E. coaft, has a large harbour. The bifhop gene- rally refides at B dacari, on the S. fide. Laxfield, Suffolk, 7 miles SW. of Halef- woith. Laxton , Yorkf. between Howden and Flaxfleet. Laxton, Northamptonf. on the borders of Rockingham Foreft. Lax- ton, or Lexinton, Nottingh. S.of Tuxford, near the Idle. Layard , Devonf. in Mai- borow paiifh. Laybach, a city of Carniol3, fituated oh a river of the fame name, 28 miles NE. of Tried. LAYBACHj LEA Laybach, or Ober Laubach, a town of Carniola, u miies SW. of Lay- bach. Laybach, or Laubach, a river of Carniola, which runs into the Save. haycock , Wilrs. 4 miles from Chip- penham . Laydtn, or Leyfdon, Kent, in Sheppey Hie. Layer Bretten , EfTex, near Merfey I He. Layer de la Haye , Effex, near Lexden. Layer Marney, ElTex. Lay- bam , Suffolk, 1 mile from Hadleigh. Layland , Lancafhire, S. of Frefton. Lay , Nether and Upper , Gloucefterftiire, near Dean Foreft. Layjlers, Heref. NE. of Leominfter. Laystoff. See Lestoff. Layston, a town of Hertfordshire, near Bnntingford. The river Rib rifes in the neighbourhood. Market on Tuefday. LayJlon, Suffolk, near Saxmundham. Lay Street, EfTex, near Great Ilford. Lay Street , Surry, SE. of Ryegate. Lay thorn , Suffex, E. of Appledrum. Layton, Dur- ham, SE. of Bifhop Auckland. Layton , Yorkfiiire, 4 miles from Eafby. Layton , Low, and Laytonftone, EfTex, on the fkirts of Epping Foreft, near Waithamftow. Laytons, a town of Virginia. Lazonhy, Cumberland, adjoining Sal- keld, near Penrith. Lea, a river, which rifes near Luton, in Bedfordfhire, and running to Hertford and Ware, and afterward dividing EfTex from part of Hertfordfhire and Middlefex, falls into the Thames below Blackwall: a canal has lately been cut between it and the Thames, which runs near Limehoufe. By this river, large quantities of corn and malt are brought out of Hertfordfhire to London. Lea, a fmali river of Kerry, in Munfter, which falls into Tralee Bay. Lea , Chef. 4 miles from Namptwicb. Lea, Chefhire, W, of Middlewich. Lea , Chefhire, SW. of Delamere Foreft. Lea, Derbyfhire, in Gloffop parifh, in the High Peak. Lea , Glouc. 2 miles from Mitchel Dean. Lea, Herts, N. of Watford. Lea , Htref. SW. of Newent. Lea, Lane. W. of Prefton. Lea , Shropfhire, S. of Caufe Caftle. Lea, Shropf. between Shrewfbury and Wem. Lea, Shropf. near Ellel'mere. Lea, Staff, near Wolverhampton. Lea , Wilts, near Ciicklade. Lea, Wilts, near Malmfbury. Lea, or Lea Marjlon, War- wickfhire, N. of Colefhill. Lea Chapel, Chefhire, near Northwich. Lea Hall, SE. of Chefter. Leach, a river in Gloucefter- fliire and Oxforclfhire, which runs into the Thames at Lechlade. Leach , near Chef- ter. Leacroft, Staff, in Cannock parifh. Lead, Stafford!', near Penkridge. Leaden , LEA a river in Gloucefterfliire, which runs into the Severn, oppofite Gloucefter. Leaden Court, Glouc. near Newent. Lead Hall , Yorkf. near Aberforth. Leader, or Leader Water, a ri- ver of Scotland, which rifes in the NW. part of Berwickftiire, and falls into the Tweed, 3 miles E. of Melrofs. Leadhills, a village of Lanerkfhire, fitu- ated among the mountains of Clydefdale, by fome faid to be the higheft human ha- bitation in Great Britain. Here reiide many hundreds of miners, with their fa- milies. Thefe miners, though, in a great meafure, excluded from fociety, by their fituation, not only earn a comfortable fub- fiftence, but pay more attention to the cul- tivation of the mind, than many of their countrymen, fituated in more favourable circumftances for the attainment of know- ledge. They are very intelligent, and have provided a circulating library for the inftru&ion and amufement of the little community belonging to the village. Leak, Line, between Bofton and Wain- fleet. Leak , Yorkf. SE. of Northallerton, Leak, E, and W. Nottingh. between Not- tingham and Loughborough. Learn , a river which rifes in Non lamptonftnre, from afpring at Helliden, paftes by Catef- by and Staverton into Warwick (hire, where it gives name to the two Leming- tons, and then loies both it’s water and name in the Oufe. Learn, New, a river in Gambridgefhire, which runs NE. from Peterborough to Waterlee, between Wliit- tlefea Dyke and Wifbeach. Lean, Cape, or Loop Head, a cape on the SW. extremity of Clare, in Con- naught, and to the N. of the mouth of the Shannon. Lat. 52. 32. N. Ion. 9. 49. W. Lean Caftle , Cornwall, NW. of Laun- cefton. Leao-tong. See Leotong. Leap, Hants, between Lymington and Calfliot Caftle. Leap , or Lepp, in Cork, Munfter. Leaplifb, Northumb. in North Tindaie. Learchill, Northumb. W. of Alnwick. Learmouth, Northumb. on the Tweed, in the barony of Wark, was formerly a hand- fome town, but by the. late lylttm of en- larging farms, is now reduced to a Angle farm-houl'e. Leafon Heath, Kent, in Erith parifh. Leatham, Northumb. in the bounds of Berwick. *Leatherhead, a town in Surry, had formerly a market, which has been difcon- tinued above 100 years. Here is a bridge over the river Mole, which having parti- ally funk into the earth near Mickleham, at the foot of Box Hill, riles again near LEC this town. It is pleafantly fituated, on a rifmg ground, by the tide of the river, in a fine, open, dry, champaign country, 3 miles SVV. of Epfoni, and 18 SW. by S. of London. Leathes Water, called alfoWvTH- burn, or Thirlmere Water, a fine lake of Cumberland, which lies S. by E. of Kefwick. It begins at the foot of Mount Helwellyn, which it fkirts for the fpace of four miles, receiving numerous torrents that defcend from the mountains. The fingular beauty of this lake is it’s being a! mod interfered in the middle by two peninfulas, that are joined by a neat wooden bridge. The outlet of *his lake joins the rapid river Greeta at New Bridge, and thus has a communication with the Lake of Derwent. Leathes. Cumber!, a hamlet in Aikton parith, near Thurfby. Leatbley , Yorkf, NE« of Otley. Leaion , NW. of Shrewi- bury. Leaton, Staff, near Wolverhamp- ton. In a field near it, lead-ore is dug, in a yellowifh done, with cawk and fpar, which the workmen didingui/h into round ore, fmall ore, and fmithum, and which is fold to the potters at Buiflem, for 6s. or 7s. a ton. Leaueland, Kent, near Badlef- mere. Le Bailey , Glouc. in Newland pa- rifh. Lebanon, a town of Pennfylvania. Lebberjlon , Yorkf. N. Riding, at the fource of the Derwent, near the fea. Lebida, or Lebda, a fea port of Tri- poli, in Africa, 50 miles W. of Meiarata. Lebvtuoood, Shropf. near Aiftretton'. Lebriran, Hants, near Gofport. Lebrixa, a town of Andalufia, feated in a territory abounding in corn, wine, agd olive-trees, which produce the bed oil in Spain. It is feated on a branch of the Guadaiquiver, (but now choked up) 20 miles S. of Seville. Lebthorp , Lincolnfhire, between Stam- ford and Grantham. Lee us, a town in the Middle Marche of Brandenburg, containing 3 churches, and about 14., 000 inhabitants. It is feat- ed on the Oder, 5 miles N. of Frankfort. Lecce, a town of 0;ranto, Naples, fituated in a country that yields abundance of almonds and olives, 17 miles NW. of Otranto. Lecco, a town and lake of Milan, near the Lake of Como. Lech, a river which rifes ip Tirol, on the frontiers of the Grif'ons, paffes by Landfburg, Auglburg, Sc c. and falls into the Danube, about 5 miles below Dona- wert. Lech, or Leck, a river of Holland, LEE or rather a branch of the Rhine, which firft tajces the name at Wyck Duerdede, in the province of Utrecht; it runs from E. to W. through Guelderland and Utrecht, pafiirg by Culemburg, Schon- hoven, Rhenen, See. falls into the Merwe at Krimpe. Lecbanipton , Gloucefterfbire, S. of Chel- tenham. Lecbifi, South and Beacon, Dor- fctfhire, near Poole. *Lechlade, a town pf Gloucefter- fliire, feated at the confluence of the river Led) with the Thames, 28 miles E. by S. of Glouceder, and 77 W. by N. of Lon- don. A canal from the Severn joins the Thames, (which is navigable for barges of 50 tons burden) near this town. A fmr.ll market on Tuefday. l*echuoortb, Herts, near Hitchin. Leck , Lancaf. near the Leven Sands and the liver Ken. L lands and rocky hills, fome of which are of a moft furprifing height, without any turf or mould upon them, on the great road between Manchefter, Stockport, and Mac- clesfield, to the NW. and Du by, Leicef- ter, &c. to the SE. 18 miles N. of Staf- ford, and 1 54 NN W. of London. Mar- ket on Wednelday. Leek, Yorkfhire, SE. of Northallertpn. ■ Leek, a river in Weftrnorland and Lanca- fhire, which runs into the Li.rwat Barton, Leek Wotton, Warw. on a hill near Stone- ley. Lee Marks , Hants, near Tifchfield. Lceming Chapel, Yorkfhire, E-. of Bedal, Leemtng , Parnja, Yorkf. NE. of Bedal, Lee, Nether and Upper, Her. f. near Wig- more Caftle. Lee, North, Devcnf. near Kilhampton in Cornwall. Leer, Lehr, cr Lier, a town ofE. Friefland, in Weftphalia, fituated on a ri- verof the fame name, which foon after runs into the Ems, 1 1 miles SE. of Embden. Leerdam, a town of S. Holland, leat- ed on the river Linglie, 11 miles S. of Utrecht. Lees , Northumb. on the river Alow, W. of Hexham. Lees Court , Kent, 7 miles from Canterbury. Lees Hall , SW. of Derby. Lees Hill , Staff, on the Chur- net, Rp. of Cheadle. Lees Skipton , Bucks, LEG Bucks, near Quainton. Lees Thorp, Lei- cefterfhire, SE. of Melton Mowbray. Leefton River, in Down, Ulfter. Leestown, a town of N. America, in the (late of Kentucky and county of Fayette, a few miles W. of Lexington. It is feated on the eaftern bank of the river Kentucky, is regularly laid out, and is flourifhing. As the banks of the Ken- tucky are remarkably high, in fume places 300, and even 460 feet, compofed, in gene- ral, of ftupendous, perpendicular rocks, there are few eroding places; the beft is at Leeftown; a circuniftance which muft greatly contribute to it’s increafe. Leeward Islands. See Indies, West. Leewe, or Sout Leewe, a town in the late Auftrian Brabant, fituated on the river Geete, 25 miles E. of Brulfels. Lejield, Oxf. near Whichwood Foreft. Lefooga, one of the Hapaee Iflands, in the Pacific Ocean. Many parts of the country, near the fea, are ftill wade, ow- ing, perhaps, to the fandinefs of the foil; but, in the internal parts, the foil is bet- ter, and the marks of confiderable popu- lation, and of an improved Hate of culti- vation, are confpicuous. Many of the plantations are inclofed in fuch a manner, that the fences, running parallel to each other, form fpacious, public roads. Here are large fpots covered with the paper mulberry-tree, the plantations in general are abundantly Hocked with plants and fruit-trees; and to thefe Captain Cook, in 1776, made fome addition, by fowing the feeds of melons, Indian corn, &c. The ifland is not mere than 7 miles in length, and it’s breadth, in fome places, not above 3. Lat. 19. 49. S. Ion. 149. 40. E. Leftvjich , Chcfhire, near Northwich. Legacurry , in Armagh, Ulfter. Legbaro, Lancafhire, between Foulnefs Fells and Ken Sands. Legburgthvoaite, Cumberland, SE. of Kelwick. Legb, Devonfhire, in Loxbear parifh. Leghes , Northumberland, near Langley Caftle. Leghorn, a handfome and regularly- built town of Italy, in the duchy of Tul- cany, with an inward and outward har- bour, in the Mediterranean. It is a free port, every bale of goods, whether great or fmall, paying only two piaftres, or feu- di. The Greeks and Armenians have churches of their own, and the Turks have a mofque. The Jews have a hand- fome fynagogue here, as well as fchools. Though fubjetil to heavy imports, they are very rich, and well protected. The inhabitants are computed at 50,000, among whom are 36,000 Jews. The LEG ftreets are wide and ftraight, and almoft, all the houfes ..are of the fame height. There are fo many canals, that fome have given it the title of New Venice. Near the harbour is; a large building, in which they (hut up every night the Turkifh and the galley llaves. At a little diilance, on a Angle rock, forming a fmall ifland, is a light- houfe, where, every night, 30 burn- ing lamps are contained in one lanthorn. The air here was very unhealthy till the marfhes about it were drained. The com- modities imported hence, by the Englifh, are chiefly flik, wine, and oil. In 1741, this city fuffered greatly by an earthquake. It is 45 miles SW. of Florence, and 145 NNW. of Rome. Lat. 43. 34. N. Ion. 10. 17. E. Legnano, a town in the Veronefe, on the Adige. Legjby, Lincolnf. SE. of Market Raifin. Legthorn , Suflex, SE. of Chichefter. * Leicester, the county town of Lei- cefterfhire, is a place of great antiquity, and though declined from it’s former mag- nitude, is ft il ! large and populous, but not a handfome town. In the Saxon Hep- tarchy it was the fee of a bifhop, and the chief city of the Mercian kingdom. It was at one time a moft wealthy place, and, if we may believe Matthew Paris, had 32 parifli churches. At prefent, it contains 5 churches, near one of which are the fa- mous ruin's of a Roman wall, compofed of ragftone and Roman brick, and ima- gined to be a remnant of a temple of Ja- nus, erefted on the fpot 2000 years ago. Here is dlfo a Roman milliary, (the old- eft known in Britain, and containing the flirt infeription mentioned in this ifland) which was found near Thurmafton, in 1771 : it now forms the centre of an obe- lifk, in one of the principal ftreets, fur- mounted with a lamp. The hall and kitchen of it’s ancient caftle, (a prodigious building, where the great Duke of Lan- cafter held his court, who added 26 acres to it, which he inclofed with a brick wall) are ftill entire. The former is lofty and fpacious, and the courts of juftice, at the aflizes, are held in them. Here is alfo one of it’s gateways, with a very curious arch, the tower over which is now turned into a magazine for the county militia. Here is a very fpacious market-place, with one of the largeft markets in England for corn and cattle. The combing and fpinning of wool into worfted, and manufacturing it into ftockings by frames, is the chief bufinefs of the town and neighbourhood. In fome years 6o,oool. have been return- ed in thefe articles. It’s fairs, which are E e 2 upoa L E I upon a large fcale, for ftieep, horfes for the collar, cattle, cheefe, & c, are on May 1 2th, July 5th, October 10th, and De- cember 8th. It is l'eated on the river Soar, which has lately been made navigable from Leicefter to Loughborough, 24 miles S. by E. of Deiby, and 99 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Leicefter Abbey , near Leicefter, was once a famous monastery, called, from it's fitu- ation in a neighbouring meadow, St. Mary de Pratis. It is now irned.into a dwell- ing houfe and garden. It’s venerable terrace ftill remains, iupported by an em- battled wall, with lun. rtes, overfpread with ivy, {haded with trees, and impend- ing, in a piflurefque manner, over the ri- ver. Leicefter Foreft , Leicefterf. between £Jormanton and Groby, Leicestershire, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the NW. and N. by Derbyfhire and Nottinghamfliire ; on the E. by the counties of Lincoln and Rutland; on the SE* and S. by Northamptonftiire j and on the SW. by Warwickfhire. It extends about 38 miles from N. to S. and as many from E. to W. in the broadell part. It is divided into 6 hundreds, which contain 12 market towns, and 200 paiiihes. The air is healthy, and the foil, in general, ftrong and (tiff, compofed of day and marl. It affords great quantities of rich, grazing land, and is peculiarly fitted for the culture of beans, for which it is proverbially noted. Toward the NW. the Bardon Hills rife to a great height; and, in their neighbourhood, lies Charn- wood, or Charley Foreft, a rough and open traff. Farther to the NW. are va- luable coal mines. The NE, parts feed great numbers of Iheep, which are the larged, and have the greatell fleeces of wool of any in England : they are without horns, and clothed with thick, long flakes of loft wool, particularly fitted for the wor fled manufaflures. The E. and SE. part of the county is a rich, grazing trad. This county has been long famous for it’s huge, black dray-horles, of which great numbers are continually fent up to Lon- don, as well as for it’s herned cattle and fheep, which fupply the London markets with the largeft mutton ; and it’s repu- tation has been much extended by the great {kill of the late Mr. Bakewell, of Diftiley, who bred eyery fpecies of domeltic quadrupeds, to the utmoft perfection of form and fize. The manufacture of {lock- ings is the principal one in this county. It’s chief rivers are the Avon; the Soare, anciently the Leire ; theWrcke; Anker; £wifrj Eye; and Welland, L E I Le'ter, Leic. N. of Lutterworth. Leigh , Effex, on a creek in the mouth of the Thames, oppofite the eaftern extremity of Canvey Ifland. It is noted for oyfters, and has a good road for {hipping, Leigh, a town of Lancalhire, whole market is now quite negleCted. It com- municates with all the late inland naviga- tions, and is 7 miles N. of Warrington, and 164 NW. of London. Leigh , Dorfetf. in Yateminfter parifh, 2 miles E. of Chetnoll. Leigh , Dorfetf, near Winborne Minfter. Leigh , Somerf, near Chard, Lei%b, Staff, near Uttoxeter, Leigh , St 1 try, 3 miles from Darking. Leigh, Wiltshire, near Bradford. Leigh , Wiltlhire, near Weftbury. Leigh, E. of Worcefter. Leigh , or Lye , 6 miles N. of Gloucester. Leigh , Eaft , Kent, near El- tham. Leigh, High, Chelhire, between Warrington and Knotsford. Leigh Land, Somerfetftiire, near Nettlecomb. Leigh , Magna, Parusa, and Priory , Effex, SW, of Braintree. Leigh, North, Oxfordfhire, SW. .of Woodftock. Leigh , N. and S , Dcvonfhire, near Culliton. Leigh, Sinton , 4 miles SW. of Worcefter. Leigh. SeeGRAY, or Grey Abbey. Leighlin Bridge, in Carlow, Leinfter, on the river Barrow, 7 miles S. of Carlow, gives name to it’s hundred. Leighlin , Old , in Carlow, Leinfter. Leighterton , Glouc. in BoxwelJ parifti. Leighton, Chef. SW. of Sandbach. Leigh- ton, Chef, on the Dee. Leighton, Hunt. 5 miles N. of Kimbolton. Leighton , Lancaf. between Button and the Lancaf- ter Sands. Leighton , Shropf. at the foot of Wrekin Hill. *Leighton Beaudesert, or Buz- zard, a large town in Bedfordlhire, l'eat- ed on a branch of the Oufe, called the Owzel, over which it has a bridge, lead- ing into Buckinghamlhire, 18 miles S. of Bedford, and 41 NW. of London. It’s market, on Tuelday, is confulerable for fat cattle; and it has a great horfe fair on Whit Tuefday, efpecially fpr horfes of the coach and cart kind. It has 3 other fairs, on Jan. 25, July 26, and Off. 24. Leighton on the Mooring , Yorkf. SE. of Rotheram, Lejn a, a river of Germany, which riles in the territory of Eichfield, and pall- ing by Gottingen, Hanover, See. falls into the After, 4 or 5 miles N W. of Zell. Leiningen, or Linange, a town, village, and county in the circle of the U p- per Rhine, almoft l'urrounded by the pala- tinate. Leinster, a province of Irtland, bounded on the E. and S. by St. George’s Channel, L E I Channel, on the W. by Connaught and M mfter, and on the N. by Ulfter. It is about 112 miles in length, and -70 in breadth. It contains 12 counties and 992 pariflies. The counties are Carlow, Dub- lin, Kildare, Kilkenny, King's County, Longford, Louth, Meath, Queen’sCounty, Welt Meath, Wexford, and Wicklow. It is the molt level and belt cultivated pro- vince in the kingdom ; but in the early ages, was almolt one continued foreft, the remains of which are It ill found in the trees which are dug out of the bogs. Dub- lin is the capital. The chief rivers are the Barrow, Boyne, Liffey, Neur, Urrin or Slane, May, and Inny. It is, in general, well cultivated, the air is temperate, and the foil fruitful in corn and paltures. Leipsick, a rich, large, and celebrated city of Upper Saxony, capital of a circle of the fame name. It is a handfome place, neat, and regularly built, and the Itreets are lighted in the night. It alfo carries on a great trade in domeftic and foreign articles, and has manufactures of Ituffs, Velvets, (lockings, cloths and linen. The univerlity contains fix handfome colleges, two Latin fchools, and two celebrated fo- cieties ; a German fociety, and another for the encouragement of the liberal arts. There are three great fairs here every year, Celebrated throughout all Germany, which lall a Fortnight each, and are kept at Eaft- er, Michaelmas, and beginning of the new year. The town houfe makes but an in- different appearance, but the exchange is a fine ftruCture. It is feated in a plain, on the river Pleyffe, 44. miles WNW. of Drefden. Lat. 51. 19. N. Ion. 1 2. 25. E. Leire , Leic, near the head of the river Soar. Leifdon , Kent, in Sheppey tfie. Leith , York!’, in the liberty of YVhitby Strand, noted for mines of alum, dug or hewn out of the rock that hangs over the fea. To fit it for ufe, it is burnt, then Itceped in pits of water, and afterwards boiled and clarified. Leith, a lea-port of Scotland, in Edin- burghlhire, feated on the Frith of Forth, 2 miles N. of Edinburgh, of which city it is the port. It is a large and populous town, containing many handlome houfes } but the greater part of the ancient build- ings are neither elegant nor commodious. The number of inhabitants is eftimated at 12,000. As the town is fituafed on both fides of the harbour, it is divided into N. and S. L-.ith. The harbour is fecured by a grand (tone pier, at the mouth of the lit- tle river, cailed the Water of Leith. This harbour is, now greatly improved* and ac- 1 \ L e l commodated with an elegant draw-briclge and a good quay; and when the propofed new ha fin and docks are added, this place will become, in every refpeCt, afafe, capa- cious, and convenient ftation for trading velfels. The commerce of Leith is very confiderable j and the veffels employed in the London trade are, in general, of a large fize, and conftru6led with peculiar ele- gance. The largell fhips in this port, however> are thole employed in the Green- land whale-filhery. Leith is well fitu- ated for the navigation of the ealtern leas* To Germany, Holland, and the Baltic, are exported lead, glafs ware, linen, wool- len (tuffs, and a variety of other goods* Thence are imported valt quantities of timber, oak bark, hides, linen rags, pearl alhes, flax, hemp, tar, &c. From France, Spain, and Portugal, are imported wine, brandy, oranges, and lemons; and from the W. Indies and America, rice, indigo, rum, fugar, and logwood. Ships of con- fiderable fize are built at this port ; and here are feveral extenfive rope walks. There are alfo flourilhing manufa6tories of bottle-glafs, window-glafs, and cryftalj a great carpet manufaftory, a foap work, fome iron forges, and an ancient hofpital for difabled feamen. Lat. 56.0. N. Ion. 3 . 7- W. Leith Hill, in Surry, parifh of Lower Wotton, admired for affording one of the nobleft profpe£ls in Europe, is fituated about 5 miles E. by S. of Darking. Leitmeritz, a well-built and popu- lous town of Bohemia, capital of a circle of the fame name, fo fertile as to be call- ed the Paradife of Bohemia. It is feated on the river Elbe, a8 miles NNW. of Prague. Leitrim, the county town of Leitrim, is pleafantly feated on the banks of the Shannon, 80 miles NW. of Dublin. Leitrim, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaught, bounded on the N. by Donegal Bay, on the NE. by Fer- managh, and on the SE, by Cavan; by Longford on the S. Rofcommon on the SW. and Sligo on the W. It is about 42 miles long, and from 6 to 17 broad j is a fertile, well-cultivated country, arid, though the northern parts, which, howe- ver, furnilh food for great numbers of young cattle, are mountainous, yet the fouthern parts are level. It contains 2t parilhes, but has few places of note. Leix, or Ley, in Queen’s County, Lein- fter. * Leixs LI p, a town of Kildare, in Leinfter, pleafantly feated on the banks of £ 3 the L E M the Liffey, S miles from Dublin. Here is a magnificent waterfal, called the Sal- mon Leap. Leckenfield, Yorkfhire, N. of Beverley. Leke Wotton , N. of Warwick. Lekham , Wilts, S. of Chippenham, has a bridge over the Avon. Lelly , York f. in Holdcr- nefs, NE. of Headon. Leland , Cornw. 5 miles from Penzance. Leman , a river in Devbnfhire, which runs into the Ex, near Tiverton. Lemburg, or Leopold, a large and opulent town of Poland, formerly capital of the palatinate of Lemburg, now the ca- pital of Galicia, and united to Auftria. The fquare and public buildings are mag- nificent, and it carries on a confiderable trade. It isfeated on the river Peltu, which foon after falls into the Bog, 156 miles E. of Cracow, and 212 SE. of Warfaw. Lat. 49. 51. N. Ion. 24. 26. E. Lembro, or Imbro, the ancient Im- Bros, a town and ifland on the coaft of Romania, mountainous and woody, with plenty of game. It is about 20 miles in circumference. Lat.40.25 N. Ion. 26. o.E. Lemgow, a town of Lippe, in Weft- phalia, fituated on a fmall river, near the Werra, 17 miles SSW. of Minden. Leming Green , Yorkf, between Rich- mond and Bedall. Lemington Haflang, Warw. SW. of Dunchurch. Lemington Priors, near Warwick. Lemington , Up- per and Lefs, Glouc. in Toddenham parifh. Lemington, Lower, Gbucef. 5 miles from Campden. Lemington, Northumberland, within 3 miles of Alnwick, in the valley of Whittingham. Lemnos, a celebrated town and ifland of the Archipelago, now called Stalimene, fituated near the entrance of the Darda- nelles. It is above 112 miles in circum- ference according to Pliny, who fays, that it is often fhadowed by Mount Athos, though at the diftance of 87 miles. The poets made it facred to Vulcan, who was thence called Lemnius Pater. Lemnos was alfo celebrated for it’s labyrinth, con- fiding of a ltately building, fupported by 40 pillars, of an uncommon height and ♦thicknefs, of which not a trace now re- mains. The modern Greeks feem to en- tertain the fame opinion as the ancients, of that earth of Lemnos, which is faid to have cured Philo8etus, arid which Galen went to examine. It is never dug up but on one particular day of the year, and then with all the pomp of ceremony. This earih, called Terra S:gil!ataJ formed into fmalt loaves, and fealtd with the Grand Siguior’s leal, is then diipecfed over all Europe. The greateft virtues are attri- LEN buted to it. Some phyficians have even preferibed it ; but it appears to be nothing more than a mere, argillaceous earth, inca- pable of producing the effects that have been attributed to it. Lemnos is fubje£l to the Turks; but the inhabitants, who are almoft all Greeks, are very induftrious. The two principal places, and once towns, are Cochino, formerly called Hepheftias, and Lem no, or Stalimene, anciently My- rine. It is the fee of a Greek archbifhop. Lat, 40. 3. N. Ion. 25. 28. E. Lemon IJland, one of the Skelig Ifland s, on the coaft of Kerry. It is rather a round rock, almoft covered with the innumerable flocks of gannet, which neftle here. Lempta, a defert country of Africa, inhabited by a fierce and barbarous people, who rob the caravans that pafs from Con- ftantina, and other towns, towards Nubia. Lat. about 26. 30. N. Ion. 9. o. E. Len, a river in Kent, which runs into the Medway at, or near, Maidftone. Lena, a large river of Siberia, which rifes in the government of Irkutfk, in about lat. 50. 20. N. and Ion. 108. 10. E. and palling by Yakutfk, Ziganfk, &c. runs into the Frozen Ocean, in lat. 73. N. and Ion. 119. E. Lenab's Cajile, Herefordfhire, between Pembridge and Kyneton. Lenzics, a town, capital of a palati- nate of Poland, now united to Pruflla. It is 60 miles WSW. of Warfaw. . Lenercroft , Cumb. near the Pi6is’ Wall, on the river Irthing. Lenborough, near Buckingham. Lencb , and Lench Rowfe, Worcef. near Aulcefter. Lencb Church , Lench Shreeme, Lench Wick , Aji Lench , and Habbe Lench , Wore. N. of Evelham. Lenham, a town of Kent, fituated on an eminence, near the fource of the Len, 10 miles E. of Maidftone, and 47 ESE. of London. Market on Tuefday. Lenham , Eaji, Kent, near Lenham. Lenmere, Herts, SW. ofDigfwell. Lennox. See Dumbartonshire. Lens, a town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais, 8 miles NE. of Arras, and 95 NE. of Paris. In the open country near it, called the Plains of Lens, the Prince of Conde defeated the Spaniards., in the year 1648. Lenjlon, Dorf. E. of Lington,inPurbeck Ifle. Lcnthal, Earls and Starks, Heref. Lentini, a town of Val di Noto, in Sicily, fitwnted on a river o_f the fame name, about 5 miles from the lea, and 13 SSW. of Catania, Lenton , 2 miles SW. of Nottingham, oa the Len. Levy, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. 3 Lenyber, LEO Lenyher , Glamorganfliire, S. Wales. Lentzburg, a manufacturing town, and exteniive bailiwick, of Berne, in Swif- lerland. Leo, St. a town of Urbir.o, in Italy. Leogane, a lea- port town of the ifland of St. Domingo, lituated bn the N. coaft, in lat. 18. 40. N. and Ion, 72. 32. W. ^Leominster, a large, handlbme, and populous town of Herefordfhire, trad- ing confiderably in wool, fine wheat, flax, gloves, leather, hats, &c. and there are fe- veral rivers in and about the town, on which they have mills and other machines. It is a great thoroughfare between S. Wales and London, and is feated on the river Lug, over which it has feveral bridges, 25 miles W. by N. of Worcefter, and 137 WNW. of London. Market on Friday. It’s fairs, which are noted for horfes, black cattle, Sec. are bn Feb. 13, Tuelday after Midlent Sunday, May 13, July 10, Sept. 4, and Nov. 1. Leominster, a town of Mgflachufets, 32 miles WNW. of Bofton. Leon, a province of Spain, formerly ~a kingdom, bounded on the N. by Afturias, on the W. by Galicia and Portugal, on the S. by Elfremadura, and on the E. by Old and New Caftile. The foil is in ge- neral fertile, and produces all the necefla- ries of life; and the wine is tolerably good. It is divided into nearly two equal parts by the river Duero, or Douro. Leon is the capital. Leon, an ancient and large city of Spain, capital of the province of that name, built by' the Romans in the time of Galba. It has the handfomeft cathedral in all Spain, in which are the tombs of 37 kings and 1 emperor, and was formerly richer and more populous than at prelent; yet it now contains 8 parifli churches, 1 3 con- vents, 4 hofpitals, and about 12,000 inha- bitants. It is feated between two fources of the river Efla, 170 miles N. by W. of Madrid. Lat. 42. 45. N. Ion. 5. 13. W. Leon, a town ol Catalonia; a town of Guadalajara, in Mexico; and a town of Piedmont. Leon, New, a province of New Mexi. co, W. of New Biicay, little known. The principal towns are Monclova, St. Jago, Comargo, and Santander. Leon de Nicaragua, a town of Mexico, in the province of Nicaragua, the refidence of the governor. It is feat- ed at the foot of a mountain, which is a volcano, and occafions earthquakes, about 30 miles from the South Sea. It contains about 1200 houfes, 4 churches, and feve« L E P ral monafteries and nunneries. At one end of the town is a lake, which is laid to ebb and flow like the fea. Lat. 12. 25. N. Ion. 88. 10. W. Leonard le Noblet, ,St. an an- cient town in the dept, of Upper Vf nne, with a confiderable manufactory of paper, and another of cloth. It is feated near the river Vienne, 12 miles NE. of Limoges, and 195 S. of Paris. Leonard's , St. Suflex, in a foreft of the fame name, to the E. and SE. of Horfham. Leonards, St. Bucks, S of Tring, in Herts. Leonards , St. Dcvonf. near Ex- eter. Leonard s, St. Dorfetf. SE. of Hin- ton Martel. Leonards St. Kent, near Mailing. Leonard $ , St. Sulfex, near Haft- ings. Leonards Hill, St. Berks, in Wind- for Foreft; a delightful eminence, on the fummit of which is a noble feat, called Gloucefter Lodge, fii ft built by the Coun- tefs Dowager of Waldegrave, and greatly improved by the Duke of Gloucefter on his marriage with that lady. Leonhart, a town of Carinthia. Leontini. SeeLENTiNi. Leopold. SeeLEMBURG. Leopoldstadt, a town of Hungary, fituated on the river Waag, 56 miles E. of Vienna. Leostoff. See Lestoff. Leotong, a country of Chinefe Tar- tary, bounded by part of China, and a gulf of the fame name on the S. ; by Chi- nefe Tartary on the N. ; by Corea on the E. ; and by another part of Tartary on the W. It was from this country that the Tartars entered China, when they made themfelves mafters of it. The in- habitants are not fo gentle, polite, and in- duftrious as the Chinefe; they neither like trade nor hufbandry, although their coun- try is very proper for both. Chenyang, or Mougden, the principal town, is large and populous. Le pan to, a confiderable town of Tur- key, in Europe, in Livadia, built on a mountain, in the form of a fugar-loaf, on the top of which is a caftle,. The harbour is very fmall, and may be {hut up with a chain ; the entrance being but 50 feet wide. The produce of the adjacent coun- tiy is wine, oil, corn, rice, Turkey lea- ther, and tobacco. Near this town, Don John of Auftria obtained a celebrated vic- tory over the Turkifh fleet, in 1572. The Turks have 6 or 7 mofques here, and the Greeks 2 churches. It is feated on the Gulf of Lepanto. 100 miles WNW. of Athens, and 364 W3W. of Conftanti- noplc. I Cornwall, among the hills, NW. of Leftwithiel. Leppi»gton , York- shire, between Stamford Bridge and New Mahon. Lepton , Yorkfliire, W. Riding, E. of Almondbuiy* Leria, or Leiria, a town of Portu- gnefe Elframadura, formerly the refidence of the kings of Portugal. It is 30 miles S. of Coimbra. Leri da, a large and ancient town of Catalonia, with a univerlity. It is feated on a hill, on the river Segra, 68 miles W. of Barcelona, and 200 NW. of Madrid. Lerins, two fmall iflands in the Medi- terranean, about 5 miles S. of Antibes. In that near the coaft, called St. Marga- ret, date pril’oners have formerly been kept. The 01 her, called St. Ilonorat, is Id’s than the former. Lerma, a town of* Old Caftile, fituated on the Arlanza, 23 miles S. of Burgos. Lernica, formerly a large city, on the S. coaft of the Illand of Cyprus, as appears from it’s ruins j now a large village, with a good road for vefTcls. Lero, anciently Leria, an ifland of the Archipelago, near the coaft of Natolia. Lat. 37. o. N. Ion. 27. o. E. Lerwick, the chief town of the Shet- land Iflands, (ituated on the E. fide of tfye Mainland, as the principal ifland is call- ed. It is a general rendezvous of the.fifh- ing-bufles from Britain, Holland, Den- mark, and other parts. The principal fifhery, carried on by the inhabitants, is that of ling and tufk. They are caught in the months of June and July, on long lines, fet at thediftance of 10 or 12 leagues from all land, by fix oared boars, from 2 to 3 tons burden. The yearly export of this article to foreign markets is, on an average, 800 tons, tiom all the iflands. Lat. 60. 20. N. Ion. 1 . 30. W. Lerj , a liver in Cardiganf. which runs in'o the Irifh Channel, below the D; rvy, about 5 miles N. of Aberyftwirh. Le- fante, Cornw . S. of Launceftfm. LeJburj , Northumberland near Ayhnoufh. Lescar, a town, in the dept, of the Lower Pyrenees, 3 miles NW. of Pau. Lesguis, Country of the, one of the feven Caucasian nations, fbualed be- tween the Black Sea and the Cafpian. Their country is indifferently called by the Georgians, Leiguiuan, or Dagheftan. It is div.Ued into a variety of diltriffs, gene- rally independent, and governed by chiefs, elected t>y the people. The Lefguis aie L E S .probably defended from the tribes of mountaineers, known to ancient geogra- phers under the name of Lefgae or Ligyes 3 and the difficulty of their country, which is a region of mountains, whofe paffes are known only to themfelves, has, at all times, fecured them from foreign invafion. They fubfift by railing cattle, and by pre- datory expeditions into the countries of their more wealthy neighbours. During the troubles in Perfia, toward the beginning of the laff century, they repeatedly fack- ed the towns of Shamaehie and Ardebil, and ravaged the neighbouring diftriffs 5 and the ptelent wretched ftate of Georgia and part of Armenia, is owing to the fre- quency of their incurfions. In their per- lons and drefs, and general habits of life, as far as thefe are known to us, they greatly ref’emble the Circaffians. Lefbare , Rutland, S. of Uppingham. he fiat e , Norfolk, E. of Lynn. Lesina. See Liesina. Lefingham , N. and S . Lincoln (hi re, near Sleaford. Leskeard, a town of Cornwall, gra- dually improved to be one of the largeft and beft built in the county. It contains a handfome town-hall, built on done pil- lars, a large church, an eminent free- fchool, and about 1000 inhabitants. Mr. Norden, however, who furveyed and de- ferred this county, in the reign of James I. fays, “ it is a poor town, whofe ruins argue it’s priftine glory to be great.” It has f’ome confiderable manufabf ures of leather and yarn, which laff is chiefly lold at Exeter. It is 49 miles W. by S. of Exeter, and 221 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Ltfnes Kent, between Plumfted and Erith. Lefneucthy Cornwall, near Tinta- gel Caftle. LespaRRE, a town in the dept, of Gi- ronde, in the environs of which are found tranfparent pebbles, refembling the falle diamonds of Alen$on, and known by the name of, the cailloux de medoc , medoc ftones. It is n miles NNW. of Bour- deaux. LeJJinghatny Norfolk, between Walpole and the Tea. LeJfington t Northampton- fhire, near Oundle. Lessines, a town of the late Auftrian Hainault, famous for it’s linen manufac- ture. It is feated on the Dender, 22 miles SW. of Bruffels. Lefingham , YorkfLire, NE. of Kirby Moorefide. *Lestoff, Laystoff, or Leo- STOFF, a town of Suffolk, confiding of about 500 houies, indifferently built ; the Streets, LEV ftreetSj though pretty well paved, are nar- row, anJ it contains about 1250 inhabit- ants. It is feated on the fea fhore, and concerned in the fifheries of the North Sea, catching and curing of cod, herring, mac- kerel, foals, and lprats, in which bufineis upwards of 30 boats are employed, and 70,000 barrels have been fold to foreign markets, and for home confumption. Here is alfo a manufactory of coarfe china. It is 8 miles S. of Yarmouth, and 117 NE. of London. Market on Wednefday. Left or mat Cafile, Cornw. near Leftwi- thiel, formerly the relidence of the earls of Cornwall. It is fituated on the edge of a hill, overlooking a deep valley, furrounded by a ditch, very deep and wide. The chapel appears to be as ancient as Richaid, king et the Romans, who kept his court here; and the noble and very magnificent keep (till holds up the fhell of it’s turreted head. Lestwithiel, a well-built town of Cornwall, with a trade in the woollen ma- nufactory. Formerly ftiips came as far as the town ; but the channel is now ftopped up. They keep the county courts here, with weights and meafures for the whole ftannary ; and the gaol is likewite here. It is feated on the river, Foy, near it’s fall into Foy Haven, iq miles WNW. of Ply- mouth, and 230 W. by S. of London. Market on Friday. Letcomb Bajfet, and Letcomb Kings , Buks, near Wantage., Leteber , North- umberland, near Alnwick. Leth Plact, Surry, between Dorking and Sufiex. Lethtringfet Norfolk, near Holt. Letber- invham, buffolk, S. of Framlingham. Lettere, a town of Principato Citra. * Letterkenny, a town of Donegal, in CJifter, feated on the river Swilly, 15 nnies S W. of Londonderry, and 1 1 3 NW. of Dublin. \ Letton, Heref. near Brampton Brian. Lettoji . Hereford f. E. of Wtobly. Letton, Heref. SW. of VVeobly. Letton. Norfolk, NE. of Watton. Letvsell Yorkfhire, be- tween Rotherham and Nottinghamfliire. Levan, St. Cornwall, at the SW. point of the Land’s End ; has a little cove for fifher’s boats, and many tin-mines in the neighbourhood. Levant, properly fignifies Rising, or the East, from the fun’s rifing in the eaft ; bet it is generally ufed, when lpeakingof trade, for the coalts of Asiatic Tur- key; comprehending Natolia, Syria, Pa- lc-ltine, Egypt, Barca, Candia, and the ad- jacent parts. The Levant Sea means the eattern part of the Mediterranean. Lf.vantina, Val, or the Levan- tine Valley, a valley, or bailiwick, of LEU Swiflerland, on the confines of Italy, lying between Mount St. Gothard and the Lag© Maggiore. It is about 8 leagues long, bur it's breadth is inconfiderable, and is fubjeCl to the canton of Uri. Levat , E. Line, in the Title of AxHolm. Leucate, a town in the dept, of Aude, fituated on the N. fide of a lake of the famename, 20 miles NE. of Perpignan. I.euchtenberg, a town, capital of a landgraviate of Bavaria, 36 miles E. of Nuremburg. ‘ Levedale , Staff, near Penkrldge. Love- land, Kent, S. of Feverfham. Leven , a river in Lane, fee FoJJe. Leven , Yorkf. in Holdernefs, W. of Hornfey Meer. Leven, White and Black, rivulets in Cumb. which, united, fall into the Kirkfop. Leven, Loch, a beautiful lake, of Kinrofsfliire, about 12 miles in circum- ference, foroewhat of a circular form, and irregularly indented. In it are leveral l'mail ifiands; it produces trout of peculiar excellence; of which great quantities, at certain feafons, are fent to the Edinburgh markets. In autumn, a fingular fpecies, called the gully trout, ^is here faited and dried for winter provifion. Leven, a river of Dumbartonlhire, in Scotland, which ifTuts from Loch Lomond; and, after a meandering courle through a beautiful vale, adorned with farms, feats, woods, and plantations, empties i t f el f into the eftaary of the Clyde, below Dumbarton. Levenant , a river in Cardiganf. which runs into the Dowy, at Tenalt, a mile be- low Machynleth. Levenny, or Leonny , river in Carnarvon!, which runs into the Iri^h Channel at Caer Jerienrade. Le- venny, a river in Der.bighf. which runs into the Clwyd, a little above Ruthin. Levelling, Yorkshire, S. of New Mahon. Levens , Westmorland, S. of Kendal, has a bridge over the Can, or Ken, and near it a waterfal. Leventborp, Yorkf. on the Tees, NE.of Yarum. Leventborp, Yorkf. near Bradford. Lever, Line, hear Bolton. Leverington, Camb. near Wifbeach. Le- vermine , Northumberl. in Wark barony. Leverfall, Yorkf. near Doncalter. Le- verfdale, Cumber!, in Irthington parilh. Leverfedge, Yorkf. between Halifax and Wakefield. Lever ton, N. and S. Line, near Bofton. Leverton, Yorkfhire, E. of Gifborough. Leverton. N. and S. Nott. near Retford. Levefden, Hr ns, in Wat- ford parifli. Lsvejham, Yorkf. SW. of Blackc-nmore. Levejlon, Dorletf. S. of Sherborn. Levetham , Cornwall, in Blif- land; NE. of Bodmin. Leugne, a village in the dept, of Up- per Saonc, lying to the E. of Vefoul. Hue LEW Here is a cavern, 35 paces deep, and 60 wide, which ferves as a barometer to all the country people. A fog, at the en- trance of this glacier, is an infallible fign of rain the next day. From the roof, which is 50 feet high, defcend rriaffes, or rather columns of ice, of a prodigious fize. The brook, which runs through a part of this grotto, is frozen in fummer, yet flows in winter. Leugnerjh, Suflex, N. of Pagham. Lev- ington, Line. SW. of Fokingham. Lev- ington, Suff. on the Stour, SE. of Ipfwich. Levins , Weftmorl. in Heverfliam parifli. Levins Hall, is a venerable old building, near a fall, or force, in the river Ken. In the park are the ruins of a Roman temple, dedicated to Diana, and other ruin$. Leuk, a town of Swiflerland, in the Upper Valais, containing 2 churches, and a large palace of the bifhop of Sion. It is one of the independent dixains of the Up- per Valais, and is remarkable for it’s iprings, whofe water is fo hot, that it will boil an egg. Leuk is much frequented in the fummer, on account of thefe fprings. The patients either bathe or drink the waters, which ar& beneficial in rheutna- tifrns, difeafes of the fkin, &c. and feem nearly to refemble thofe of Bath. In 1719; an avalanche (a vad body of fnow) fell with fuch impetuofity from a neighbouring glacier, upon the village, as to overwhelm the greateft part of the houfes and the baths, and to deflroy many of the inhabit- ants. It is fituated on an eminence, about a mile from the Rhone, and 20 miles E. of Sion. Levroux, a town in the dept, of In- dre, 11 miles N. of Chateauroux. Leuse, a town in the late Audrian Hainault, fituated on a brook near the Dender, 8 miles E. of Tournay. Leuticirch, an imperial town of Su- abia, fituated on, or near, the Efchach, 28 miles S. of Ulm. Lev;, Oxfordfhire, N. of Bampton. Lewarden, a large, rich, and popu- lous city of the Dutch United Provinces, capital of W. Friefland. It’s buildings, as well private as public, are magnificent ; and it has feveral canals in the dreets, which are a great afiiliance to their trade$ efpecially as they are continued not only to the fea, but to the mod confiderabie towns in the province. It is fituated in the quarter called Odergow, 27 miles VV. of Groningen,- and 65 N. by E. ot Am- fterdam. Lat. 53. n. N. Ion. 5. 42. E. Levjccmb , Dorl'etfhire, NW, of Ev< r- fltot. Lev'ell, Dorfetfhire, between Staf- ford and Woodford. LEX Lewen, a town of Leitmeritz, in Bo- hemia. *Levves, the principal town of Suflex, is a well-built, populous, and ancient place, and is feated on the river Oufe, which is navigable here for barges, 30 miles E. of Chichefter and 49 S. of Lon- don. It is finely fituated on the declivity of a hill, on which are the remains of an ancient caftle, the environs of which com- mand a beautiful view of a richly-varied country, fcarcely to be matched in Europe. L t^kes in the lea for 30 miles W. and an uninterrupted view of Banltead Downs, which is full 40 miles. On the river are feveral iron- works, where cannon are cad for merchant fhius, befides other ufeful works of that kind. The timber here- abouts is prodigioufly large, and the foil is the riched in rhis part of England. Market, on Saturday. Lewis, one of the mod confiderabie of the Wedern Iflands of Scotland, which being connected by a narrow idhmus with Harris, forms but one ifland, which is about 40 miles in length, and 13 in it’s mean breadth. Like mod of the Scottifh ides, it is greatly interfedded by arms of the fea. By thefe it may be faid to be di- vided into five peninfulas. The country, in general, is wild, bleak, barren of wood, and little fitted for cultivation : the hills ate covered with heath, which affords fhelter for various forts of game. The lakes and dreams abound with falmon, large ted trout, &c. The land animals here are fimilar to thofe found in the northern ifles, and the fifheries on the c»ad are not inferior. Stornaway is the only town in Lewis. The ifland belongs to Rofsfliire. There are feveral inferior ifles and rocks, which are comprehended under Invernefs- fhire. The whole lie 26 miles NW. of the Ifle of Skye. Lewis, a town of Delaware j and two towns of Virginia. Lewisburg, a county of S. Carolina ; and a town of Pennfylvania. Lewistown, a town ot Pennfylvania. , Levjknor, Oxf. NW. of Stokenchurch, Lev; Ncrt. Uevonf. SW. of Hatherleigb. Lev.crth, Dt> in Cprk, Munfter. Lisonzo, a river of Carniola, which Lisier, St, a town in the dept, of pafles by Goritz, Grandifca, &c. and runs Arriege, feated on the river Satat, 50 into the Gulf of Triefte, at the bay, or miles S. of Touloufe, and 390 S. by W. harbour, of the fame name, of Parisi Lifpole , in Kerry, Munfter, Lisieux, an ancient town in the dept, of Calvados. The public buildings are handfome ftru&ures j it is a place of good trade, particularly in linen cloth, and is fituated at the confluence of the rivers Touque and Orbec, 12 miles from the i'ea, and 40 SW. of Rouen. Lifinifiy, in Tipperary, Munfter. V J/fc, or Little IJle , in Cork, Munfter. It is fi- tuated in the river Lea, and is 3 miles long and 1 broad. Lijley or Lijfe , Hants, N. of Petersfield. Lisle, a large and handfome city in the dept, of the North, one of the richeft and moft commercial in France, and be- fore the revolution, the capital of French Flanders. It is fituated in a rich, marfliy foil, furrounded with walls, and ftrongly fortified. The citadel is one of the beft works of Vauban. They reckon 170 Ifreets, 30 public places, about 8000 houfes, and 56,000 inhabitants, , The public ftru&ures are the exchange, a gene- ral hofpital, and, before the revolution, 3 colleges. Here are various forts of ma- nufa&ures, but the principal trade is in camlets. It is feated on the river Deule, 14 miles W. of Tournay, and 130 N. of Paris. Lisle, a town in the dept, of the Dor- dogne, 9 miles NW. of Perigueux ; and a town in the dept, of the Yonne, 7 miles NNE. of Avallon. Lismore, one of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, in a fpacious bay, between Mull and the coaft of Argylefhire. It is fertile, and about 9 miles long and 2 broad. ♦Lismore, a town of Waterford, in Munfter, formerly a confiderable city, but now a fmall, mean place. It has, however, a fpacious and handfome cathedral, and is fituated on the S.‘ fide of the river Black- water, over which it has a fine bridge, the fpan of the principal arch being 102 feet, 31 miles WSW. of Waterford,- and 100 SSW. of Dublin. Below the town is a rich filhery for falmon, which is the greateft branch of trade here. Lifmutlane, in Limerick, Munfter. J.if- minyy in King’s County, Leinfter. Ly r - nacotiy in Co>ic, Munfter. Lifnurick , in Fermanagh, Uifter. Lissa, an ifland in the Adriatic, on the coaft of Dalmatia, lately fubjeft to the Ve- netians, where they had a fi/hery of far- dines and anchovies. It’s valleys produce excellent vines, olives, mulberries, almonds, and figs j and it’s mountains, which alfo contain marble, are richly furnifhed with odoriferous plants, from which the bees colleff: excellent honey. It is 70 miles W/of Ragufa. Lat. 43. 30. N. Lissa, or Lechno, a confiderable town of Pofnania, in Poland, 50 miles W. of Kalifti. Lissa, a town of Breflau, in Silefia, fi- tuated on the Weiftritz, 7 miles WNW, of Breflau. Lijfety Yorkf. in Holdernefs, near Bar- mefton. LiJ/ington, Line. S. of Market Raifin. Lijfon Greeny Midd. a pleafant village near Paddington. Liftly y Devonf. near Moreton Hamfted. Lijiock, Somerf. on the Rriftol Channel, between the Start Point and Watchet. ♦Listowel, a town of Kerry, in Mun- fter, 131 miles from Dublin. LiJlurnejy Hants, near Bifhop’s Wal* tham. Lifronagh, in Waterford, Munfter. Litchet, Maltra'versy Dorfetf. near Win- born Minfter. Litchet Minjler , Dorfetf. in Cogdean hundred, on the Bay of Pool, ! of which a prodigioufly large tumulus, on the S. fide of it, commands a very exten- five profpefh Litchurchy near Derby, on the Derwent. Litherlandy Lancaf. near Liverpool Haven. Litherjhall Bucks, near Bernwood Foreft. Lithuania, or Litwa, a large coun- try of Europe, between Poland and Ruflia. It is about 300 miles in length, and 250 in breadth, and is watered by feveral large rivers, the principal of which are, the Dnieper, Dwina, Niemen, Pripecz, and Bog. It is a flat country, like Poland^ and the lands are very proper for tillage. The foil is not only fertile in corn, but it produces honey, wood, pitch, and vaft quantities of wool. They have alio ex- cellent little horfes, which they never fhoe, becaufe their hoofs are very hard. There are vaft forefts, in which are bears, wolves, ciks, wild oxen, lynxes, beavers, gluttons* L I T gluttons, wild cats, See. and eagles and vultures are very common. In t.hefe fo- itfts, large pieces of yellow amber are fre- quently dug up. The country abounds with Jews, who, though numerous in every other part of Poland, feem to have fixed their head-quarters in thistluchy. “ If you alk for an interpreter,” fays Mr. Coxe, “ they bring you a. Jew; if you come to an inn, the landlord is a Jew; if you want poft-horfes, a Jew procures them, and a Jew drives them ; if you with to purchafe, a Jew is your agent; and, this, perhaps, is the only country in Europe, where Jews cultivate the ground : in patting through Lithuania, we frequently faw them en- gaged in fowing, reaping, mowing, and other works of hutbandry.” The pea- sants of this country are in a ftate of the mott abjeft vaflalage. The eftabiithment of religion has heretofore been the Romilh, but there were Lutherans, Calvinifts, So- cinians, Greeks, and even Turks, as well as Jews. It was formerly governed- by it’s own dukes, but afterwards united with the kingdom of Poland ; this union was ratified in the diet, at Wilua, by a formal inftrument, in the year 14.01 : and, in 1569, the two countries were fo united as to form but one ftate, under one prince. It was formerly divided into 9 palatinates, viz. Wilna, Troki, Polotlk, Novogoro- deck, Witepfk, Brzelk, Mfcziflaw, Minlk, and Livonia. In 1772, the emprefs of Ruflia, forcibly, compelled tfte Poles to cede to her all that part of Lithuania bor- dering on Ruftia, including about one- third of the country. ThfS (he ere&ed into the governments of Polotfk and Mo- hilof; and, in 1793, in conjun&ion with the king of Pruflia, (he extended her do- minion over almoft the whole of Lithuania. What is called Pruflian, or Little Lithua- nia, about 100 miles in length, and 50 in breadth, was fettled, in 1720, by Frederick William, with French, Franconian, and Swifs Proteftants, by whofe (kill and in- duftry, this once defolate country has been extremely well cultivated. At preltnt it is under Ruftia. Litiz, a town of Pennfylvania. Here is a flourfthing fettlenoent of the Moravi- ans, begun in 1757. There is now, be- fide an elegant church, and the houfes of • the (ingle brethren and fingle fitters, which form a large fquare, a number of houfes for private families, with a ftore and ta- vern, all in one ftreet. It is 8 miles from Lancafter, and 70 W. of Philadelphia. Littermor E, an ifland on the coaft of Galway, in Connaught, about 4. miles long and 2 wide, Lat, 53, 17, N. l 1 v Littleborougb , Line, lies in what was formerly a Roman Way, but is now the great road for the pack-horfes that travel from the W. of Yorkftiire to Lincoln, Lynn, and Norwich. Littleborougb, Nott. on the Trent, over which it has an ancient ferry, 3 miles S. of Gainfoorough. It is fuppofed to have been the Agelocum of the Romans, from the urns and other antiqui- ties that have been found here; befntes which, many little coins, like flatted peas, called mites, have been ploughed up; and great numbers of coins, called fwine-pen- nies, becaufe they have been rooted up by thofe creatures. Two altars, that were dug up in 1718, are now let as piers in the wall, on the fide of the fteps that lead from the river to the inn. Littlebo - rough, Lane. NE. of Rochdale. Little- bom , Kent, E. of Canterbury. Littleburn, Durh. near Brandfpetli. Littlebury , Eflex, 1 mile from Saffron Walden. Littlebury, Eflex, on the Roden, near Chipping On- gar. Littlecot , Bucks, SE. of Window. Littlecote , Wilts, on the Kennet, near Hungerford. Little Island, an ifland of Cork, in Munfter, about 3 miles in circumference. It is fituated in the river Lee, 6 miles E. of Cork. Little ham, Devonf. near Otterton. Lit- tleham , Devonf. near Portlidge. Little- more , E. of Oxford. Little Moores , Dor- fetf. near Hamperfton. Little-port , Camb. near Brancreek, in the Ifle of Ely, 22 miles from Cambridge. Littlethorp , Leic. E. of Hinckley. Littleton , Glouc. N. or Marlh field. Littleton, Hants, between Stockbridge and ltchingftoke. Littleton, Midd. on the river Afh, near Lalam. Lit- tleton, Wilts, in Bifliop’s Lavington pa- ri(h. Littleton, N. S. and Middle, Wore, near Evefham. Littleton , Somerl. between Midfummer Norton and Pensford. Lit- tleton, Surry, near Guilford. Littleton , Suflex, NW. of Midhurtt. Littleton, Wilts, 3 miles from Trowbridge. Lit- tleton Drew, Wilts, near Caltlecomb. Littleton upon Severn, Glouc. near Thorn- bur y. Littleton Wick Green , Berks, 3 miles from Maidenhead. Little Wear , Devonf. near Wear Giffard. Little Wit- combe, Glouc. in Badgworth pari(h. Lit- tleworth , Berks, near Radcot Bridge. Little-worth, near Gloucefter. Littlington , Camb. W. of Royfton. Littlington and Park, Bedf. near Ampthill. Litton , Derbyf. near Tiddefwall. Litton, Dorfetf. SE. of Bridport, had formerly a market* now difufed. Litton , Somerfetftiire, near Stone Afton. Livadia, formerly Achaja, a pro- vince L I V vlnce of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the N. by Janna and Albania; on the E. bv the Archipelago; on the S. by the Morea; and on the W. by the Mediter- ranean; about rSo miles in length, and 35 in it’s mean breadth. This province comprehends ancieht Greece, properly fo called, which included the provinces of Acartiania, Ecolia, Ozotoea, Locris, Pho- cis, Doris, Epicne midis, Bceotia, Mcgara, and Attica. In this country were the ce- lebrated mountains, Parnaffus, Helicon, and Cy iiaeion. The molt confiderable places at prel’cnt, are Athens, Lepanto, and Livadia. Li v adi a, an ancient, large, and popu- lous town of Turkey, in the province of that name. It carries on a confiderable trade in wool, corn, and rice, with which it furnilh.es all Greece t and is built round a mountain, which terminates in a peak, having on it a caftle. It is fitu-ated on the Gulf of Lepanto, 2,8 miles N. of Corinth, and 71 SW of Barilla. Lat. 38,40. N„ len. 23. 26. E. Livarot, a town in the dept, of the Calvados, 9 miles SSW. of Lifieux. Livenza., a river of Laly, in the ter- ritory lately fubjeft to Venice, It riles near Polcepigo, and after having received the Celine, runs into the Gulf of Venice, about 17 miles E. ofTrevigio. Li VERDUN, a town in the dept, of Muijlhe, feated on a mountain, near the river Mofelle, 8 miles NE. of Toul. Liver mere, Great and Little, Suffolk, SW. of Great and Little Fakenham. Li- vermore Hail, Suff. 3 miles from Ixworth. Liver non, a town in the dept, of the Lot, 21 miles ENE. of Cahors. * Li verpool, a large, flouriffiing, and populous (ea-port of Lancafhire, confifting of, at leaft, 10,000 houfes and 60,000 in- habitants, with 10 churches, befides cha- pels, although, in the year 1565, it con- tained only 1 38 houfeholders and cottagers. So lately as the commencement of the 3 a ft century, it was only a fmall village, a hamlet to the parifh of Walton, about 3 miles off; but it has now become, with refpe£t to extent of commerce, the third, if not the jecond port in the kingdom. It is feated on the river Merl’ey, and has an excellent harbour, , formed with great la- bour and expence ; here being 8 wet docks, llcured by large flood-gates, bound by quays a mile and a half in length, where .1000 veflels, or 20,000 tons of Shipping, may lie in thegreateft iatety. The ware- iioufes here are built upon a mo A txttn- flve fcale, fome-or them having 12 or more (lories, or different floors. Since the com- l 1 v pletion of the Duke of Bridgewater’s ca- nals, the laft of which was that at Run- corn, a new dock has been formed by the dukeabo\ve the town. One very coniider- able branch of trade carried on from this port, i* that inhuman one of procuring (laves on the coal! of Africa, and difpofing of them in the W. Indies and N. Ame- rica. It is unpleafant to obferve, that the merchants feein as if they wifhed to per- petuate the infamy that muff attach to fuch iniquitous exertions, by giving African names to the new and improved parts of the town. The trade to Ireland is very confiderable;. many (Lips are Cent to the Greenland whale fifhery; and the coafting trade hence to London, employs a great number of (hips ; the cargoes with which they are freighted confiding chiefly in corn and cheefe; and many good (hips are built here. Liverpool communicates, by the Merfey, with Warrington, and with a canal, called the Sankey Canal, running to fome coal-pits and other works, a little way up the country; by the Irwell and the Duke of Bridgewater’s Canal, with Manchefler; by the Weever, with the Cheshire falt-works ; and, by the Duke of Bridgewater's Canal, with the Stafford- (hire Grand Trunk and all it’s various ramifications. The exchange is a hand* fome modern edifice of ftone, with piazzas for the merchants, and over it is the town hall. The houfes, in general, are new, and built of brick. The ftone ufed here is obtained from quarries in the neigh- bourlrood: it is of a yellow colour, and extremely foft when hewn in the quarry, but hardens by being expoled to the air. Here are feveral manufactories for china ' ware aixl pottery, befides glafs-houfes, falt-works, and upwards of 50 breweries, which fend abroad large quantities or malt liquor. Liverpool is 15 miles W» of Warrington, and 203 NW. of Lon- don. Lat. 53. 23. N. Jon. 2. 54. W. Maikets on Wednefday and Saturday. Livonia, a province of the Ruffian empire, fituated to the E. of the Gulf of Riga, which, with that of Efthonia, has been reciprocally claimed and poflefled by the three bordering powers of Ruffia, Swe- den, and Poland, and, for more than two centuries, has been a conftant fource and perpetual Icene of the molt bloody wars. It was finrdly wrefted from the Swedes by Peter the Great, and confirmed to the Ruf- fians by the peace of Nyftadt, in 1721. It now forms the Ruffian government of Ri- ga, 01 Livonia, of which the town of Ri- ga is the capital. It is about 250 miles from N. to S. and 150 from E. to W* The L L A 'The land is fo fertile in corn, rye, and bai ley, that it is called the granary of the North i and it would produce a great deal mure, if it were not lo full of woods and moraffcs. The hfn that abound here are Edition, carp, pike, flat fifh, and many others. In the loreits are wolves, bear:?, elks, rein- deers, flags, and hares. The domeflic animals are very numerous j but the flieep bear a bad fort of wool, refem- bling goat’s hair. Here are a great num- ber o-f iorefts, which ccnflft of birch-trees, pines, and oaks; and all the houfes of the inhabitants are built with wood. They export vaft quantities of flax, hemp, ho- ney, wax, leather, linfeed, (kins, and pot- ath. The Czar, Peter the Great, per- ceiving the inhabitants did not like the change of fovei eigns, compelled them to abandon their country, and drove many «f them as far as the Cafpian Sea; but being perfuaded to recal them, moll of them perifhed before the edidl was pub- Hlhed, fo that he was obliged to repeople their country with other nations. Lixnow, in Kerry, Manlier. Lizard, the moll I'outhern promon- tory of England, whence (hips ul'ually take their departure, when bound to the weft- ward. Lat.49. 57. N. Ion. 5. 10. W. Llamamon in Yale, Denbigh!'. Liana - rrwnach , Shropf. S. of Ofweflry. Llanartb , Cardiganfnire. Llanartb , Mourn. E. of Abergavenny. Llanhadock , Monm. near Ulk. Llanheder, a poor town of CardjU ganlhiie, conlifting of only about fifty houles, but with one good inn. It is feat- eJ on the river Tyvy, over which it has a bridge into. Carmarthenfliire, nearly 24. miles E. of Cardigan, and 197 WNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Llanbeder> a river of Cardiganfhire, which runs into the Artro, near the town of Llanbeder. Lla?ibeder , Monm. NE, of Caerleon. Llanbardarn Vavvr, an ancient, but much decayed 'lea port ot Cardigan- flnre, fituated on the river Rhtidal, v/ith a fmall harbour, 2 miles E. of Aberyft- with, and 197- WNW. of London. Llanbod-cvell , S iropf. 2 miles from the Severn, and 4. from Ofweflry. Llandebetby Monm. W. of Strogle Caftle. Hand- egla, Denbighf. 7 miles W. of Wrexham. Llandcnny , Monm. near Ragland Caftle. Llanderjel. Merionethlhire. LlandevaigOy Monm. NE. of Caerleon. Llandenvy , 14 miles NE. of Pembroke. Llandibea , Car- marthen!'. Llandido Hodfe, Monm. N. of Abergavenny. * Llandilovawr, a town of Carmar- I.LA thenlhire, with a conftderable rmnufa£lure of flannel. It is pleafantly feated on an afeent, on the river Towy, over which it has a good Hone bridge, 16 miles NNE. of Carmarthen, and 196 WNW. of Lon- don. About a mile SW. of it Hands Dynavour Caftle, on a remarkably fine elevation, with the river Towy beautifully meandering at the bottom. It has been occupied by the Rices for feveral centuries, and is now the feat of Rice, Lord Dyna- vour. Markets on Tuefday and Satur- day, and a Fair on Wednefday in Whit- fun Week. Llandnvnog , Carmarthen f. Llandinabo t HeVef. W. of Rofs. Llandogo, Monm. E. of Ragland Caftle. Lhndony Abbey , Monm. among the Hatterel Hills. Llan- dyfell, Cardiganf. Llanedy , Carmarthenf. Llanelion , Denbighf. Llanellechyd, Car- narvonf. Llanelie>i } Monm. S. of Aber- gavenny. Llanelly, a town of Carmarthen- ftiire, trading much in pitcoal. It is feat- ed on a creek, or fmall lea river, 13 miles S. by E. of Carmarthen, and 206 WNW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Llaneair 3 l l u Llano) air Kilgedin , Llano) ainer Chapel , and Llano) apley , Monm. Llanajeder and Llanajern , rivers in Merioneththire, the former of which runs in‘o the Iridi Chan- nel below Llandarog, and the latter runs into the 'Pemble Meer. Llanajeyno and Llanajih angel, Heref. 1 .1 ana) ih angel, W. of Monmouth. Llanajihangel , Monm. SE. of Abergavenn y Llanajihangcl , SW. of Chepdow. Llanajihangel Crucorney , Monm. N. of Abergavenny. Llanajihan- gel EJkes, Heref. on the river Elk. Llan- ! ajihangel Lanternam , Llanajihangel Ponty- | moil, Llanajihangel Towiygrois, and Llan- ajihangel Veddoa/J, Monmouthfture. Llanvilling, a neat, little town of Montgomerylhire, feated on a flat, among hills, near the river Cane, 15 miles N. of Montgomery, and 179 NW.of London^ Market on Thurfday. Llanajorda , Shroplhire, near Ofweflry^. Llanajrecken , Upper and Lower, Monm. N. of Caerleon. Llanavaren, Monmouthf. SE. of Caerleon. Llanavaren, Herefordf. near Michael Church. Llanavenarth , Monm. near Ulk. Llanwnen, Cardigan f. Llunajjmyneck , Shroplhire, 6 miles from Ofwedry. Llanaxyrtyd Well, Brecon, not far from Ll an fl° ver y an d Builth, and 6 miles from Garth. It is reckoned a mod efficacious relief in all fcorbutic cafes. Llanydlos, a town of Montgomery- fhire, 18 miles SW. of Montgomery, and 180 WNW. of London. A great mar- ket for woollen yarn on Saturday. Llattons, Herefordlhiie, E. of Weobly. Llaugharn, a fmall, trading town of Carmarthenlhire, feated on the W. fide of the river Towy, at it’s mouth, 7 miles SW. of Carmarthen, and 233 WNW. of London. Market on Friday. Lledding , a river in Montgomeryfliire, which runs into the Severn, at or near Wellhpool. Lledwich, a river in Shrop- fhire, which runs into the Teme at Great Chapel. L leggy, a river in Carnarvon- Ihire, which runs into the Conway above Bettus. Llemnavchllyn , Merionethlhire. . Llenony , a river of Carnarvonfhire, which runs into the Irilh Channel, about 5 miles SSW. of Carnarvon. Lleajeny, a river of Brecknocklhire, which runs into the . Wye, about 3 miles S. from Hay. Lloger, Laugher , or Oger , a river in Carmarthen- lhire, which runs into the Bridol Chan- nel, below Llogher Cadle, near Llanelly. Lloyd , a river in Montgomerylhire, which runs into the Severn above Llanydlos. Llue , or Thine , a river in Carmarthenlhire, ( which runs into the Llogher near Llogher ! Cadle. Llue , a river in Merionethlhire, which runs into the Dee, where it paffes into i L O A Jrlto Pemble Meer. Lymigo , Shropf. near Knocking. Llyngoryl, a river in Merion- eth/hire, which runs into the Iri/h Chan- nel, about 3 miles S. from Barmouth. Lo, St. a town in the dept, of the Channel. Here are confiderable manufac- tories of fcrges, /halloons, ribbons, and gold and filver lace. It is defended by fortifications, in the ancient manner, dug in a fteep rock, and is feated in a fertile country, on the river Vire, 1 1 miles NNE. of Coutances, and J25 NNW. of Paris. Loanda, a town of Africa, capital of a fertile province, called Loanda, in the kingdom of Angola, with a good harbour. It is large and handfome, confidering the country, containing feveral churches, con- vents, and about 5000 inhabitants, of which only 1000 are whites. Thehoufes are moftly built of ftone, and covered with tiles. There is alfo a vaft number of ne- groes’ huts made of draw and earth. The Jefuits had a college here. The country abounds in cattle and (beep, Indian corn, millet, manioc, and fruits. It is fubjefl to the Portuguefe. Lat. 8. 45. S. Ion. 13. 25. E. Loanda, or St. Paul de Loanda, an ifiand in the Atlantic, near the coaft of Angola, «bout 18 miles long and 2 broad. It contains 7 or 8 villages, and abounds in oranges, figs, citrons, and other fruits* but the, foil is not proper for grain. On the coaft are found zimbi, a fpecies of fhell- fi/h, ufed for money by the natives, like cowries in the Indies. Loan 00, a town, capital of a king- dom, of Africa, formerly a part of Congo, but now independent, and lying on the fea fide ; about 250 miles in length ahd 188 in breadth. The climate is nearly as hot as any under the torrid zone, and much hotter than thofe of Congo and An- gola, yet it is healthy and pleafant. The land is fo fruitful, that they have three crops of large and fmall millet a year; be- fides which they have feveral forts of peas and beans, with fruits, greens, roots, herbs, and vegetables ; and there is a great number of trees, fuch as palm, banana, Ac. of the excellent fruits of which they make agreeable wine, while others afford them materials for clothing, as alfo for building, covering their houl'es, making /hips, &c. They have but few cattle of any fort, except goats. They have hogs in great plenty; and poultry are fo ex- tremely cheap, that fix pennyworth of beads will purchafe 30 of them. Phea- sants, partridges, and other wild fowl, are in /till greater abundance, and hardly bear L O C any price. Among wild beafts, they have the zebra, and multitudes of elephants, whofe teeth they exchange with the Euro- peans for iron. Their principal trade confifts in /laves, elephants’ teeth, copper, tin, lead, and iron. The women cultivate the ground, fow, and get in the harveft. There is a great number of towns and vil- lages in this country, of which little is known but their names. The inhabitants are black, and of mild and agreeable man- ners, but indolent. They are governed by an abfolute prince, or Chief, who is, in fome meafure, worfhipped as a god by hie fubjefts. The town of Loango, in the centre of which is the royal palace, a great fauare, a mile and a half in compafs, is fituated on a river, about 6 miles from the Atlantic, in lat. 4. 40. S. This country lies between 10 and 19 deg. E. Ion. and 1 and 5 S. lat. Lob aw, a town of Culm, in Pruflia j and a town of Lufatia. Loeoa, a town in Spani/h Eftrama- dura, feated on the river Guadiana, 22 miles E. of Bajadox. Locarno, a town of Swifferland, ca- pital of a. populous diftri6t of the fame name, which is one of the four tranfalpine bailiwicks. It contains about 1500 in- habitants. Part of the town is built oa piazzas, "in the form of a crefcent, with two wings ; and in the front, is a row of trees, and the public walk. It contains three convents, and a fmall Francil’can monaftery, perched on a rock overhanging the valley, and commanding a fuperb view of the Lake of Locarno and it’s bounda- ries. Locarno was once fituatetj on the lake, and had a port capable of receiving large barks : at prefent it hands at the diftance of a quarter of a mile, which is owing to the accumulation of fand brought down by the torrent Maggia. It is 23 miles SW. of Chiavenna. Locarno, Lake. See Maggiore. Lochaber, a bleak, barren, moun- tainous, and rugged diftri£l, of In vernefs- /hire, in the fouthern part of the county. Loch em, a town in Dutch Guelder- land, fituated on the Borkel, 10 miles E. of Zutphen. Locher Moss, a morafs of Dumfries- fliire, about 10 miles in length and 3 in breadth. From the vaft oak trees that have been dug up here, it is evident that this morafs has been, at fome diftant pe- riod, a great foreft. Canoes and anchors have been frequently found here ; and as the prefent morafs is but little elevated above flood mark, it is fuppofed to have been once covered by the fea. Loches, LAS Loches, a town in the dept, of Indre and Loire} chiefly noted for i’s caftle, itaiding on a reck, formerly a very im- portant fortification. In a large tower in it, are tw< cages, or moveable rooms, with very ftrong oak grates, covered with iron, and built by the cruel Louis XI. In this caftle alfo are, or lately were, four ranges of fubterraneous paflfages, runring over each other, in the uppermoft of which Lewis Sfoiza, Duke of Milan, taken in battle under Lewi* XU. was kept p- i foner for io years, an t where he died. It is feated on the river Indre, 1 5 miles S. of Amboife. Lochmaben, a town of Dumfriesfbire, containing ancut 700 inhabitants. Tnere is a considerable mahufafiure of linen in the town and neighbourhood. It is fitu- ated on the W. fide of the liver Annan, 7 miles NE. of Dumfries. Lochrid.a, or Ocrida. a large town of Albania, in Turkey, leafed on a hill, near a lake of the fame name, 62 miles §E. of Durazzo, Lochstett, a town of Samland, in Pruflta, 4 miles N. of Pillau. Near it .are the remains of a caftle, in which is to be feen a dreadful dungeon, that formerly ferved as a prifon. Lochwinnoch, a town of Renfrew- fhire, the inhabitants of which are chiefly employed in maim figures. It is feated on the W. fide of a lake of the fame name, called alfo Caftle Semple Loch,, which is 2 or 3 miles in length, and of confiderable breadth.. On an iliand in this lake is feen an old fortrefs, called the Peel; a name frequently given to oid fortreflfes in Scot- land. Lochy, Loch, a lake in Xnvernefs- fhire, about 10 miles long, and from one to two broad, communicating. with Loch Eib Loch Linnhe, and Loch Arkeig. Lockerby , York (hire, between Barnaby Moor and the mouth of the Tees. Lock- ering , Wilts, SW. of Marlborough. Lock- er ley-, Hants, NW of Rumfey. .Lockhart, a town of N. Carolina. Lockhartsburg, a town of Penn- fylvania, fit u a ted on the river Sulquehana, 335 miles NNW. of Philadelphia. Locking , Somerf. near Rriftol Channel, eppoflte Steepholm Ifland. Locking , E. and IV. Berks, near Wantage. Locking- ion, Leic. NE. of Stanton Harold. Lock- ing/on, Vorkf. NW, of Beverley. Locks field, Sulfex, near E. Gtinftead. Lockton , York (hire, N. of Pickering. Lockwood, Yorkf. near Huthersfield. Lociijl, Herts, near Heim- 1 Hemftead. Lodan , a river in Htreford/hire, which runs into the Frome, l a v about 5 miles N. from Hereford. Lod- brook Park , Warw. W. of Umbetflade. Loddefwell , D von fh ire, near Modbury. Loddefworth S"ftex, near Eaftboum and Pet worth. Loddington, Licef. NE. of Halhton. Loddington Northamptenfhire, near K°ttering. Loddon, a town in N >rfolk, 8 miles SE. of Norwich, and 113 NE. of London. Market on Friday. Loddon . a river of Berks and Hants, which runs into the Thames near Twy- ford, about 5 miles below Reading. Lod- don Bridge, Berks, between Reading and Oakingham. Loder, a river in Wcftmor- Iand, which runs into the Eymot near Penrith. Loders, Dorfetf. near Bridport. Lodfsan, a fmall diftrift of Italy, in Mil m. N. of the Placentine and Pavefe. It lies along the river Adda, and is very fertile and populous. It’s cheefes are in very high efteem. Lodi is the capital. Lodeve, a town in the dept, of He- rault. It has a manufafture of hats and of cloth, and is feated in a dry, barren count'-y, at the foot of the Crvennes, on the fiver Logue, 27 miles N W. of Mont- pelier, and 40 NE. of Narbonne. Lodge, Dorfetf. near Winbourn Min- fter. Lodge , Dorfetf. W. of Corfe Caf- tle. Lodge, Herts, between Watford and North Mims. Lodge , Herts, 1 near Sop- well. Lodge Lane, between Prefton and Garftang. Lodge Lancaf. in Loynfdale. Lodge Hill . Kent, N. of Rochelter. Lodge Houfe, York!'. W. Riding, NW. of Mtd- dld’tnore, bordering on the N. Riding. Lodge in the Would Nottingh. N. of Ne- ther and Over Broughton. Lodi, a well built town of Italy, ca- pital of the Lodefan, with little trade or manufaft ures, except in the article of cheefe, and a beautiful kind of earthen ware, refernbling china. It contains up- wards of 10,000 inhabitants, and is fitu- ated on the Adda, 18 miles SE of Milan. Lodomeria. See Galicia. Lodrone, a town of Italy, in Trent, feated on the fmall Lake Idro, where it receives the Chiefe, 31 miles SW. of Trent. Lofthoufe, Yorkf. NE. of Gifoorough. Loghill, in Limerick, Munfter. Logrono, a town of Old Caftile, fitu- ated on the river Ebro, in a country abounding with excellent fruits, good wines, and al! the neceflaries of life, 20 miles NW. of Calahorra, and 115 N. by E. of Madrid. Loheia, a town of Yemen, in Arabia, fituated on the coalt of the Red Sea, with an indifferent harbour* in la:. 15. 42. N. It L O M It lias a confiderable trade in coffee and mineral labs, obained from a fmall hill, wirhin i leagues of the city. I clhn, or IsERLOHN, a town of Mark, in Wdiphalia, containing 3 Lutheran and 1 Cdvmift church, and a Roman Citho- lic chapel. It has confiderable manufac- tures in iron, tin, ribbons, velvets, filks, fluffs, &c. and is- 32 miles NE. ol Co- logne. Loir and Cher, a department of France, bounded on the NE. by the Loiret, and on the S by the Indre. It takes it’s name from the rivers Loir and Cher ; the firft of which pafles by Bonnevai, Chateau- dun, Vendofme, Chartres, Sec. and falls into the Sarte, about 5 miles above Le Mans ; and the lad, pafiing by Chateau- neuf, Sr. Aignan, Mont Richard, See. empties itfelf into the Loire, a few miles below Tours. Blois is the capital. Loire, Upper, a depart, of France, S. of the dept, of Puy de Dome and E. of the Cantal. It takes it’s name from the principal liver in Fiance, which riles in the mountains of the Cevennes, in Langue- doc, begins to be navigable at Roanne, and, watering Nevers, Chatillon, Orleans, Blois, Amboife, Tours, Saumur, Nantes, Sec. fails into the Bay of Bifcay below Paimboeuf. Le Puy is the capital. Loire, Lower, a dept, of France, N. of La Vendee, and E. of the Bay of Bif- cay. Nantes is the capital. Loiret, a dept, of France, W. of the dept, of the Yonne, and E. of that of Loir and Cher. It takes it’s name from a fmall river that falls into the Loire, about 3 miles below Orleans, the capital. Lolbam Bridge, Northamp. on the Wel- land, between Stamford and Market Deep- ing. Lcllington , Suflex, W. of Pevenfey. Lombardy, a part of Italy, which comprehends almod all the ancient Cifal- pine Gaul, and is fo named from the Lotigdardi, or Lombards, who founded the kingdom in the middle of the 6 1 h cen- tury. It lies toward the N. and is divided into the Upper and Lower. Upper Lom- bardy is the weftern part, and compre- hends Piedmont, with it’s dependencies, and the duchies of Montferrat and Milan. Lower Lombardy, which is the eadern part, comprehends Parma, Modena, Mi- lan, Mantua, (which two are called Au- ftrian Lombardy) Ferrara, the Bolognefe, the Paduan, Vicentin, Veronefe, Breflan, Cremafco, Bergamefe, and fome fmaller principalities and fiaies. Lombez, a fmall town in the dept, of Gers, feated on the river Save, 16 miles SE. of Auch. LON Lomond, Ben, a great mountain in the N. of Stirlingshire, in Scotland, about 3100 feet above the level of die lake, at it’s bottom. It ftretches along the E. lido of Loch Lomond feveral miles ; and it’s broad bafe extends fo far into the country, that the afeent of this mountain, though deep, is computed to be 6 miles. In this long afeent, we meet with a diverfity of climates, and a variety of inhabitants. Ptarmigans, and other heath fowls, fre- quent it's upper regions: it’s lower are the haunts of the roebuck ; and herds of cattle feed in the irriguous valleys and fheltered paltures at it’s bafe. From this lofty mountain are leen Loch Lomond, the Clyde, the Forth, Edinburgh, the eadern coall as far as the Cheviot Fells, the Ifles of Bute and Arran, the rock off Ailfa, Ireland, the mountain of Plinlim- tnor. in Wales, and the Skiddaw in Cum- berland, and the hills far bevond it. Lomond Hills, in the weftern part of Fifefhire, are beautiful and verdant. Lomond, Loch, a beautiful and ex- tenfive lake of Dumbartonffiire, which de- fcehds from the northern point of that country, expanding as it advances fouth- ward. It is z8 miles long; it’s breadth from 7 miles decreafing three quarters of a mile; and, were it’s windings followed, it’s circuit would be upwards of 100 miles. There are 33 iflands in this lake, feveral of which are inhabited, and contain antique ruins, concealed among ancient yews. Others rife into high, rocky cliffs, the habitation of the ofprey, or fea-eagle. In S755, when Lifbou was deflroyed by an earthquake, this lake was exceedingly agitated : on the SE. corner of it, termi- nate the Grampian Mountains. Lon, Lune, or Loyne, a river which rifes in Wefltnorland, and flowing by Kirby Lonfdale in that county, falls into the Irifli Sea a few miles below Lancafter. The bauks of this river are beautiful and romantic. Londinieres, a town in the dept, of the Lower Seine, 1 5 miles ESE. of Dieppe. London, the metropolis of Great Bri- tain, one of the larged and mod opulent cities in the world, is mentioned by Tacitus as a confiderable commercial place in the reign ©f the Roman emperor Nero. In it’s mod ex:enfive view, as the metropolis, it confifts of The City , properly fo called, the city of Wedminder, which was once a mile from London, and the borough of SouthvVark; befide the fuburbs in Mid- dlefex and Surry, within what are called the Bills of Mortality. London and Wcd- minder are fituated in fyliddlifex, on the N. fide LON N. fide of the river Thames. Southwark is feated on the oppcfite bank in Surry. The extent of the whole, from LirpeTiotife and Deptford to Milbank and Vauxhali, is above 7 miles j but the greateft breadth does not exceed 3. With refpedt to the government of this metropolis, the city is divided into 26 wards, each governed by an alderman. From the aldermen the lord mayor is annually chofen. There are like wile 236 common councilmen, a re- corder, two (heriffs, who are alfo (heriffs of Middlefex, and other officers. The go- vernment of Weftminfter is vefted in the high fteward, an under fteward, and the high bailiff, all chofen alfo by the dean and chapter. The fuburbs are under the Jurifdi&ion of the magiftrates of Middle- iex. Among the public buildings, St. Paul’s cathedral, as the moft confpicuous, fit ft claims attention. This beautiful yet modeft fabric is 2292 feet in circumference, and 365 in height to the top of the crofs. It is inferior to none in Europe, in magni- ficence and noblenefs, except St. Peter’s at Rome. Weftminfter Abbey is a grand fpecimen of Gothic architedlure, faid to have been founded by Sebert, king of the Eaft Saxons, in 610. Having been de- ftroyed by the Danes, it was rebuilt by Edward the Confeffor, in 1066. Henry III. pulled down the Saxon pile, and began to build the prefent ftru&ure in 124.5. The work was carried on (lowly by fucceeding princes, and can hardly be faid to have been finifhed before the time of Sir Chrif- topher Wren, who built the two towers at the weft end. It is 360 feet in length within the walls j at the nave it is 72 broad, and at the crofs J95. The chapel of Henry VII. adjoining, Leland calls The Wonder of the World.” St. Ste- phen’s, Walibrook, is a fmall church of exquifite beauty, the mafterpiece of Sir Chriftopher Wien 5 perhaps Italy itlelf can produce no modern building that can vie with this in tafte and proportion. Bow church in Cheapfide j St. Bride’s, in Fleet-ftreetj St. Dunftan’s in the Eaft j and St. Martin’s in the Fields, are, among the other churches, moft diftinguiffied for fine architecture. The parishes, in what are called the Bills of Mortality, amount to 14.6; namely, 97 within the walls, 16 without the walls, 23 out pariffies in Mid- dlefex and Surry, and 10 in the city and liberties of Weftminfter. With relpeff to palaces, the magnificence of royalty is not to be found in them. That of St. James was an hofpital for leprous females, dedi- cated to that faint. It was fui rendered to Henry VIII. who erected on it's lite the LON prefent palace j of which it has been ob- fierved, that notwithftanding it’s mean ex- terior, it is the moft commodious for the parade of royalty of any in Europe. He likewHe laid out a large piece of ground adjoining, into a park, formed a canal and walks j calling it, in conformity to the name of the palace, St. James’ Park* Charles II. enlarged and improved this fpot, adorning it with plantations of trees ; but, a few years ago, it was improved in a ftill more beautiful degree. The Queen’s Palace Hands in the moft favourable fitu- ation that St. James’ Park could furnifh. It was erefled by the Duke of Bucking- ham, in 1703, and called Buckingham Houle, until it was purchafed, in 1761, for the royal refidence ; when it acquired it’s prefent name. In 177 5, parliament fettled this houfe upon the queen, in cafe (he fhould furvive the king. Carlton Houfe, the refidence of the Prince of Wales, the gardens extending to St. James’ Park, is a (lately building, on which vaft fums have been expended ; but it is not yet completed. The Banqueting Houfe, at Whitehall, was begun in 1619, from a defign by Inigo Jones. It is only a fmall part of the vaft plan of a palace, intended for the refidence of the Britifii monarchs, but left incomplete. Befide the royal pa- laces, there are many fine houfes of the princes of the blood, and of the nobility and gentry, Weftminfter Hall, and fome buildings appendant to it, contain the Houfes of Lords and Commons, and the fuperior courts of juftice. The great hall, in which are held the trials of peers, and of perfons impeached before the lords, ex- ceeds, indimenfion, any in Europe, which is not fupported by pillars. It’s length is •270 feet j the breadth 74.; and the height in proportion. The Guildhall of the city, fituated at the end of King-ftreet, Cheap- fide, was built in 1431. 'It’s great hall is 153 feet long, 50 broad, and 58 high. The front of this hall has been rebuilt in the Gothic ftyle. Here the courts of King’s Bench and Common Pleas hold fittings at Nifi Prius : here alfo the city ele6lions are held, and all the bufinefs of the corporation tranfa£led. The Seffions Houfe in the Old Bailey, in which the cri- minals of both London and Middlefex are tried ; and the County Hall for Middle- fex, on Clerkenwell Green, are noble ftruc- tures. Of the buildings appropriated to the great national offices, military, naval, and fifeal, the moft ancient is the Tower of London. It is furrounded by a wall and ditch, which alfo inclofe feveral ftreets. The circumference is about a mile. It was LON was a palace during 500 years; the mo* narchs, on their acceffion to the throne, conttantly holding their courts in this-for- trefs ; but after the acceffion of Queen Elizabeth, thiscuftom ceafed. TheHorfe Guards, an elegant ftrufture, ftands op- pofite the Banqueting Houfe. The War Office is in this place, and here courts- martial for the army are held. The Ord- nance Office, for the military department, is in St. Margaret’s -ftreet, Wed min Iter. The Admiralty is a large ftru&ure, in which the higher departments of the bu- finefs of the navy is tranfacled, and the lords of the admiralty have houfes. The Navy, Navy Pay, and Viflualling Offices, are in Someriet Place, a flupendous.and magnificent ftrufture, built on the fite of the old palace, ere&td by the firfl Duke of Somerfet, in the reign of Edward VI. It was begun during thelaft war, and was in- tended to bring into onefpot the molt con- fidtrable public offices ; and, although not yet finifhed, it already contains, befide the offices above mentioned, the following, namely, the auditors of impreft, clerk of theeftreats, duchy courts of Lancafter and Cornwall, hackney coach, hawkers and pedlars, horfe duty, lord treafurer's, re. membrancer’s, lottery, pipe and comp- troller of the pipe, fait, fick and hurt, fignet, ftage-coach duty, ftamp, furveyor of crown lands, tax, and wine licence of- fices. The king’s barge- houfes are com- prehended in the plan, with a, dwelling for the barge matter 5 befide houfes for the treafurer, paymafter, and 6 cornmiffioners of the navy; 3 cornmiffioners of the vic- tualling and their fecretary; 1 commif- fioner of the damps, and 1 of the fick and hurt; with commodious apartments in every office for a feci'etary, or fome other affing officer, for a porter, and their fami- lies. In the front, toward the Strand, which confifts of a rich bafement, fupport- ing an excellent example of the Corinthian order, and containing a principal and at- tic ftory, are apartments for the Royal Academy, and the Royal and Antiquarian Societies. The grand entrance, by 3 lofty arches, leads into a fpacious quadrangle, pneach fide of which, to the eait and weft, a ttreet is to be formed, beyond which the wings are to be carried. The front to the Thames is ere£k-d on a noble terrace, 53 feet wide ; and the building, when finiffi- ed, will extend 1 100 feet. This terrace, unparalleled for grandeur and beauty of view, is fupported on a rough, ruftic bafe- inent, adorned with a lofty arcade of 32 aiches, each 12 feet wide, and 24 high. The grand femicirculrr arch, in the mid- LON die of the bafement, is that intended for the reception of the king’s barges. The Treafury, which has a noble, elevated front, is in St. James’ Park; and what is called “ The Cockpit,” forms a part of this building, and is now the council chamber for the cabinet minifters. In the city is the Royal Exchange, originally built in 1567, by Sir Thomas Greffiam. Being deftroyed by the great fire in 1 666, it was rebuilt, in it’s prefent form, at the expence of 8o,oool. in each of the prin- cipal fronts is a piazza, and in the centre an area. The height of the building is 56 feet, and from the centre of the fouth fide rifes a lantern and turret 178 feet high, on the top of which is a V 3 ne, in the form of a grafshopper, the crett of Sir Thomas Greffiam. The infide of the area, which is 144 feet long and 127 broad, is fur- rounded by piazzas. The Bank of Eng- land, a magnificent ftru£ture., is fituatei in Threadneedle-ftreet. The Cuftom Houfe, to the weft of the Tower, is a large irregular pile, before which ffiips of 353 tons can lie, and difcharge their cargoes. It was built in 1718, on the fite of a for- mer Cuftom Houfe, deftroyed by fire. The Excife Office, in Broad- ttreet, is a build- ing of magnificent fimplicity, erefted, in 1768, on the fite of Greffiam College, The Eaft India Houfe, in Leadenhall- ftreet, was built in 1726. The original front was very confined, but a new front, much enlarged and improved, has been lately ere£led, richly furniffied in refpeft to exterior decorations, archite&ural or- naments, ftone fculpture, &c. it has great extent in depth, and contains all the of- fices neceflary for the tranfa&ing the bufi- nefs cf a commercial company. The South Sea Houfe, in Threadneedle-ftreet, is a hand fome building ; but the General Poft Office, in Lombard -ftreet, is rather conve- nient than fplendid. Of the ftru&ures, which more particularly belong to the city, the moftdiftihguifhedis the Manfion Houfe, erefled, in 1752, for the refidence of the lord mayor: it is magnificent, but pon- derous. The Monument is a grand fluted Doric column, 202 feet high, erefled in commemoration of the great fire in 1666s The bridges are a great ornament to the metropolis. The moft ancient, London Bridge, was begun in 1 1 76, and finifhed in 1209. The length of it is 91 5 feet. The number of arches was 19, of unequal di- menfions, and deformed by the enormous fterlings, and by houfes on each fide, which overhung in a terrific manner. Thefe were removed in 1756, when the upper part of the bridge, aflumed a modern ap- pearance ; LON LON 3>earance; but the fter lings remain, thobgh they lb contract the fpace between the piers, as to occafion, at the ebb of tide, a fall of 5 feet, or a number of temporary catarafts, which have occafioned the lofs cf many lives. Weftminfter Bridge, one of the finett in the world, was built by Labelye, a native of Swifferland. The firft done was laid in 1.739, the lad in 5 747 ; but on account of the linking of one of the piers, the opening of the bridge was retarded till 1750. The whole is of Portland done, except the fpa.ndrels of the arches, which a^eot Purbeck. It is 1223 feet in length. It has 13 large, and 2 fmail femicircular arches: the centre arch is 76 feet wide ; tlve other arches, on each fide, de-creafing in width 4 feet. Black- friars Bridge, built by Mr, Mylne, was begun in 1760, and completed in 1768. It’s length is 995 feet ; the breadth of the carriage way 28, and of the footpaths 7 feet each. It confids of 9 elliptical arches, the centre one of which is 100 feet wide; and both this, and the arch on each fide, are wider than the celebrated Rialto at Venice, but it's decay is already too vifi- ble. This noble ftruftufe is built pf Portland done. In London are feveral mufeums. The Britifii Mu fen m, which is open to the public gratis, was founded by parliament, in 1753, in purl'uance of the will of S.r Hans Sloane, who direfted his executors to make an offer to the pub- lic of his colleftion of natural and artifi- cial curiofities and books, for the fum of 20,000!. ; and the noble building called Montague Houfe, was purchaled for their reception. At the fame time were pur- chafed the MSS. collected by Edward Hailey, eari of Oxford. Here are like- wife the collections made by Robert and John Cotton ; and large fums have fince been voted to augment this noble repofi- tory. George II. prefemed to it the li- braries of the kings of England, from the reign of Henry VII. His prefent majefty gave it an interefting colleftion of trafts published in the reigns of Charles T. and II. and a variety ot antiquities, brought from Italy, wese purchafed by parliament, for 8410I. in 1762. The Leverian Mu- feum is lituated in Great Surry- dreet, on the S. fide of Biackfriars Bridge. This magnificent mufeum was collected by the late Sir Afhton Lever, and contains the mod aftonifning colleftion in natural hif- tory that had ever been formed by an indi- vidual. Having obtained an aft of parlia- ment, empowering hint to difpofe of this mufeum by a lottery, to ccnfift of 30,000 tickets, at a guinea each, he fwund ib little avidity in the pviblic to adventure, that he fold no more than 8000 tickets, when the appointed time of drawing arrived; when this valuable treafure was transferred from him to the prefent poffrffor, Mr Parkin- fon, who erefted the building it now oc- cupies for it’s reception. Another mu- feum, confiding of anatomical prepara- tions, and natural curiofities, collefted by the late Dr. William Hunter, who built a fpacious edifice for their reception, in Windmill-dreet, Haymarket, is now open to the public, and is to continue fo for 30 years from the time of his death in 1783. Of the inns of court, or locieties for the dudy of the law, the principal are the Middle and Inner Temples, Lincoln’s Inn, and Gray’s Inn. Thefe are very fpacious, and have large gardens, which are open to the public. The others are Clifford's Inn, Clement’s Inn, Serjeant’s Inn, New Inn, Lyon’s Inn, Barnard’s Inn, Furnival's Inn, and Staple’s Inn. The College of Phylicians, unfortunately hidden in War- wick-lane, was built by Sir Chriftopher Wren. Sion College, near London Wall, founded, in 1603, by the Rev. Thomas White, is governed by a prefident, 2 deans, and 4 adidants ; and all the clergy within the Bills of Mortality are it’s fel- lows. Here is a library for their life, and almfhoufes for 10 men and 10 women. The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, have a handfome houfe in the Adelphi. Of public feminaries, the mod didinguifhed are Weftminfter School , Sr. Paul’s School, the Charter Houfe, and Merchant Taylors School. The places of diverfion are nu- merous and magnificent. Of the halls of the city companies, the mod didinguifhed in point of architecture, are Surgeons Hall, in the Old Bailey; Goldlmiths Hall, Fofter-lane; Ironmongers Hall,Fen- church-dreet ; and Fifhmongers Hall, near London Bridge. The principal hofpitals are Chrift's Hofpital, near Newgate-dreet, a royal foundation, for orphans and poor children : St. Bartholomew’s Hofpital, Wed Smithfieid, another royal foundation for the fick and lame ; Bridewell, in Black- friars, once a royal palace, but now a royal hofpital, for the apprenticing of the indudrious youth, and a prilon for the dif- folute ; Bethlem, in Moorfields, another royal hofpital, for lunatics; St. Luke's, in Old- dreet, alfo for lunatics; St. Thomas’, in the Borough, the fourth royal hofpital, for the fick and lame; and for the fame purpofe are Guy’s Hofpital, adjoining ; the London Hofpital, in Whitechapel-road ; the Middlefex Holpital, Berners dreet ; LON the Weftminfter Infirmary, Petty France; and St. George's Hofpital, Hyde Park Corner. The Foundling Hofpital, in Lamb’s Conduit Fields; the Alylum, at Lambeth, for orphan girls; the Magdalen Hofpital, in St. George’s Fields, for peni- tent proftitutes ; the Marine Society, in Bifhopfgate ftreet ; the Smallpox Hofpi- tals at Pancras ; the Lock Hofpital, near Grol'venor- place ; the Weftminfter Lying- in Hofpital, and many others for the fame purpofe, are alfo excellent inftitutions ; and there are many difpenfaries for dif- penfing medicines to the lick, who keep to their houfes, under the dire&ion of a phy- fician to each difpenfary, and proper aflift- ants. The prifons are numerous : the principal are Newgate, a ftupendous ftruc- ture ; the New Compter, Giltfpur-ftreet ; the Fleet Prifon, for debtors ; the King’s Bench, in St. George’s Fields, for the fame purpofe; and a new county gaol (in- cluding a new feffions-houfc) in South- wark. Some of the fquares and ftreets in the metropolis are magnificent; and many of thole which cannot boaft of grandeur, are long, fpacious, and aiiy. Portland Place forms, perhaps, the moft magnificent ftreet in the world ; Stratford Place is truly elegant ; and the Adelphi Terrace is the admiration of foreigners, for the noble view which it affords of the river, the bridges, and other public buildings, and of the fine hills beyond Lambeth and Southwark. The broad, ftreatn of the Thames flowing between London and Southwark, continually agitated by abrifk current, or a rapid tide, brings conftant lupplies of frefn air, which no buiidings can intercept. The country round, efpe- cially on the London fide, is nearly open to fome diftance ; whence, by the aCtion of the fun and wind on a gravelly foil, it is kept tolerably dry in all leafons, and af. fords no lodgment for ftagnant air or wa- ter. The cleanlinefs of London, as well as it’s fupply of water, are greatly aided by it’s fituation on the banks of the Thames $ and the New River, with many good fprings within the city itfelf, further con- tributes to the abundance of that neceflary clement. All thefe are advantages, with refpeCl to health, in which this metropolis is exceeded by few. It’s fituation, with regard to the circumftance of navigation, is equally well chofen ; had it been placed lower on the Thames, it would have been annoyed by the marfhes, and more liable to the intuits of foreign foes; had it been higher, it would not have been acceflible, as at preftnt, to {hips of large burden. It now poffefl'es every advantage that can be LON derived from a lea- port, without it’s dan- gers ; and, at the fame time, by means of it’s noble river, enjoys a very extenfive communication with the internal parts of the country, which fupply it with neceffa- ries, and, in return, receive from it Inch commodities as they require. With the great article of fuel, London is plentifully fupplied by fea from the northern collie- ries. Corn and various other articles are with equal eafe conveyed to it from all the maritime parts of the kingdom, and great numbers of coafting veflels are continually employed for this purpofe. London, there- fore, unites in itfelf all the benefits arifing from navigation and commerce, with thofe of a metropolis dt which all the public bu~ finefs of a great nation is tranfaCted; and is, at the fame time, the mercantile and political head of thefe kingdoms. It i>s alfo the feat of many confiderable manu- factures; fome almoft peculiar to itfelf, as miniftering to the demands of ftudied fplendor and refined luxury; others in which it participates with the manufactur- ing towns' in general; with this difference, that only the finer and more coftly of their works are performed here. The moft im- portant of it’s peculiar manufactures is the filk weaving, eftablifhed in Spitalfields by refugees fjom France. A variety of works jn gold, filver, and jewellery ; the engraving of prints; the making of op- tical and mathematical inftruments, are likewife principally, or fokly, executed here, and fome of them in greater perfec- tion than in any other country. The por- ter-brewery, a bufinefs of very great ex- tent, is alfo chiefly carried on in London. To it’s port are likewife confined fome branches of foreign commerce, as the vaft: Eaft India trade, and thofe to Turkey and Hudfon’s Bay. Thus London has rifen to it’s prefent rank of the firft city in Eu- rope with refpeCl to opulence; and nearly, if not entiiely fo, as to number of inhabit- ants. It is probable, that the refidents in London, Weftminfter, Southwark, and all the out parifhes, do not fall fhort of 1,000,000. London is a bifhop’s fee, and fends 4 members to parliament. To enu- merate all the events by which this great capital has been diftinguifhed, would great- ly exceed our limits; we fhall only men- tion, therefore, the great plague in 1665, which cut off 90,000 people, and the dreadful conflagration in 1666, by Which 13,000 houfes were deftroyed. Lat. 51. 31. N. London Eajlcote , Line, among the Fens, on Bolton Dyke. London , Little , Eflex, near Samford Magna. London , Little , Midtl. LON Midd. S. of Hillingdon Heath* London *fhorp, Lincolnfhire, NE. of Grantham. London, New, a fea-portof N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of Conne&icut, and coun- ty of the fame name. It’s harbour is the beft in Conne&icut, and as good as any in the United States, and is defended by 2 forts. It is fituated on the W. fide of the river Thames, near it’s entrance into the Sound, about 75 miles SSW. of Bof- ton, and 100 ENE. of New York. Lat. 41. 25. N. Ion. 73. ia, W. Londonderry. See Derry. Long Afion, Somerf. 4 miles from Briftol. Long Ball , Dorfetf. near Brancjfey I (land. Longbeacb, Kent, near Charing. Long- borough , Gloucefterf. 3 miles N. of Stow. Longbredy , between Dorchefter and Brid- port, on the river Bride. Longbridge , Dorfetf. NW. of Axminfter. Longbridge , GIouc. near Afhelworth. Longbridge , Glouc. N. of Berkeley. Longbridge , S. of Warwick. Longbridge , a village in the county of Muiray, 4 miles E. ot Elgin. Long Burton, Dorfetf. 3 miles SE. of Sherborn, Longchapel, Shropf. NW. of Wellington. Longcomb, Oxf. near Wood- ftock Park. Long Coppice , Hants, in Warblington parifh. Longcot , Berks, near Farringdorv. Longditcb , Northamptonf. a caufey that runs by Colhambridge, through W. Deeping, to Lincoinfnire. Longdon, Staff. 4 miles from Lichfield, in the road to Chelier, on a brook that runs into the Trent. It communicates with the Grand Trunk navigation. Longdon, Shropf. near Drayton. Longdon, S. of Shrewfbury. Longdon, Wore. S. of Upton. Longdridge , Cornwall, NW. of Ktllington. Longfield , in Leitrim, Connaught. Longfield, Bucks, near Fenny Stratford. Longfield, Kent, between Dartford and CoWiam. Longfieet , Dorfetf. at the bot- tom of Pool Ilaibour. LongforD; a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, about 21 miles in length, and 14 in it’s greateft breadth j bounded on the W. by the river Shannon, on the E. and S. by Wed Meath, and on the N. and NW. by Leitrim and Cavan. It contains 23 parifhes, about 10,000 boufes, and rather more than 50,000 in- habitants ; and is a rich and pleafant country, in general flat, in fome places apt to be overflown by the Shannon, and to- wards the N. mountainous. A confider- able quantity of linen is manufasftured in the county, and large quantities of flax are Cent to other parts. * Longford, the capital of the county of Longford, is feated on the river Crom- L O N lin, or Cammin, which falls into the Shan- non a few miles below, 64 miles NW. by W. of Dublin. Longford, W. of Derby. Longford , near Gloucefter. Longford, Midd. SE. of Colnbrook. Longford , Shropf. near Drayton. Longford, Wilts, 3 miles from Salifbury : here is an elegant feat of Lord Radnor, furnifhed with tafte and abound- ing with beauties; but the fituation of the houfe is low, and the ground too flat. Longford's Burley , Giouc. in Hampton parifh. Longham , Dorfetf. E. of Win- born Minfter Longham , Norf. NW. of Eaft Dereham. Longham , Somerfetfhire. NW. of Somerton. Longholm, a town of Dumfriesfhire, 22 miles E. of Dumfries. Longhope , Giouc. 3 miles NE. of Mitch- el Dean. Longhope , Northumb. near Hex- ham. Longborfiy, Northumb. near Wid- rington Cattle. Longhurfi, Northumber- land, NE. of Morpeth. Long Island, an ifland of the ftate of New York, feparated from Conne&icut by Long Ifland Sound, and divided into 3 counties. King’s, Queen’s, and Suffolk. It extends NE, from the city of New York about 140 miles, but is not more than 28 broad on a medium. Hence are exported, to the Weft Indies, & c. whale oil, pitch, pine boards, horfes, cattle, flax- feed, beef, &c. The produce of the mid- dle and weftern parts of the ifland, parti- cularly corn, is carried to New York. This ifland, in 1792, contained upward of 30,000 inhabitants. Long Island, an ifland of N. Ame- rica, on the coaft of Main, about 4 miles long and i| wide. Lat. 44. 20. N. Long Island, a narrow ifland, about 2 miles in length, on the coart of Cork, in Munfter, in Roaring Water Bay. Lat. 51, 26. N. Ion. 9. 27. W. Longlane Mill , Dorfetfliire, near Pen. Longleat , or Longfiet , Wilts, 3 miles E. of Warminfter: here the marquis of Bath has a fine feat, containing a welbchofen colle&ion of paintings, &c. Longlode , Somerf. SW. of Uchefter. Longlother , Dorfetf. NE. of Bridport. Long Meg and her Daughters ; fee Salkelds. Longmore, Staff, near Water Eaton. Longnan, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Setchuen. It is fituated on the river Mouqua, 710 miles SW. of Pekin. Longney , Giouc. 3 miles E. of Newn- ham. Longnon , Shropf. near the river Warren, W. of Wenlock. Longnon, Staff. NW. eff Lichfield. Longeior, by the Se- vern, SE. of Shrewfbury, Longnor, Staf- fordlhire, LOO fordfhire, near the fource of the river Ma- nifold, NE. of Leek. Longny, a town in the dept, of the Orne, 9 miles E. of Mortagne. Longparijh , Hants, between Andover and Barton Stacy. Longridge, Chapel and Hill, Lane. NE. of Preflon. Long- rigg , Cumb. in Brumfield parifti. Long- rejlon, Yorkfhire, in Holdernefs, NE. of Beverley. J.ongrock , in the harbour of Donagha- dee, in Down, Ulfter, is a dangerous ridge of rocks firetching out into the fea. Longfdon , Staff, near Leek. Longfide, a village of Aberdeenfhire, 4 miles W. of Peterhead. Longjleddale , Weftmorl. near Kendal. Longjlock , Hants, between Dunbury Hill and Stockbridge. Longjloti, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Longthorp , Yorkf. near Bedal. Longthorp, Northamp. near Peter- borough. Longtoft , and it’s Drain, Line, near Market Deeping. ^ Longton, Staff, near Rudgley : it conlifts ot fcattered houfes, extending for a vaft way on each fide of the road. Longtown, Heref. near Old Court Dowlas. Longtown, a town in Cumberland, is feated on the river Efk, near it’s con- fluence with the Kirkfop, on the borders of Scotland, 9 miles N. of Carlifle, and 310 NNW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Longueville, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine, 9 miles S. of Dieppe. Longward, E. of Hereford. Longwood, in Meath, Leinfter. Longwortb, Berks, W. of Abingdon. Longwortb, Lane. E. of Chorley. Long - worth, Lower, near Hereford. Longwy, a town in the dept, of the Mofelle, feated on an eminence, near the Cliiers, 15 miles SW. of Luxemburg, and 167 NE. of Paris. It was taken by the Auftrians, under General Clairfayt, Au- guft 21, 1792; but retaken the 14th of O&ober following. Lonfdale , Weftmorland, a vale on the river Lon. Lons le Saulnier, a town in the dept, of Jura, formerly celebrated for it’s lalt-works, which are not now carried on. It is feated on the river Solvan, 30 miles S. of Dole. Loo, a town of Dutch Guelderland, 8 miles W. of Deventer. The Prince of Orange lately had a fine palace here. Alfo a town of the late Aufirian Flanders, 6 miles SSE. of Dixmude. Looe, East and West, two fmall, fifhing towns in Cornwall, feparated from each other by a creek, or river, of the LOR fame name, over which there is a narrow, ftone bridge, of feveral arches, 16 miles W. of Plymouth, and 232 W. by S. of Lon- don. Each of them has a market on Sa- turday. The river Looe is navigable for veffels of 100 tons burden. Looke , Higher and Lower , Dorfetlhire, near Abbotfbury. Loop Head, or Cape Lean, in Clare, Munfter, at the mouth of the Shannon. Lat. 52. 20. N. Ion. 9, 58. W. Loopool, Cornwall, a lake near Hel- fton, about 2 miles long, parted from the fea by a ridge, over which the waves fome- times beat with a wonderful roaring. It abounds with excellent trout. Loofe , Kent, S. of Maidftone. Loots, a town and county of Liege. Lopham , N. and S. or Great and Little, Norfolk, on the borders of Suffolk, W. of Difle. Lophamford, Suff. NW. of Bud- defdale: it ftands in a marfli, which gives rife to the rivers Leffer Oufe and Waveney. Loppington, Shroplhire, NW. of Wem. Lora, a town of Seville. Lora, a town and lordfhip of Hohen- ftein, in Upper Saxony. Lorca, a town of Spain, in Murcia, inhabited chiefly by defendants of the Moors, called New Chriftians. It is feat- ed on an eminence, near the river Guada- lantin, 34 miles SW. of Murcia. Lorch, a town of Mentz. Lord Howe’s Group, an extenfive group of iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, diicovered by Captain Hunter in 1791, who, from the maff head, could diftinftly defery 32 of them. They appeared thick- ly covered with wood, among which the cocoa-nut was very diftinguifitable. The natives were of a dark copper colour; their hair tied in a knot on the back of the head ; and they feemed to have fome method of taking off the beard, for they appeared as if clean fliaved. They had an ornament, confiding of a number of fringes, like an artificial beard, which they fallen between the nofe and mouth, and clofe under the nofe. To that beard hung a row of teeth, which gave them the appearance of having a mouth lower than their natural one. They have holes run through the Tides of the nofe into the paffage, into which, as well as through the fepttfm, they thrufl: pieces of reed or bone. The arms and thighs are tattoed in the manner deferib- ed by Captain Cook, of fome of the na- tives of the iflands he vifited in thefe feas, called Tatowing; and fome were painted with red and white ftreaks. They wore a wrapper round their middle. Lat. 5. 30. S. Ion. from 1 59, 14, to 1 59. 37. E. 3 ^ Lord LOR Lord Howe’s Island, an ifland of flie S. Pacific Ocean, about 140 leagues E. of New South Wales. On the W. fide is good anchorage, but the bottom is a coral rock. Many excellent turtle have been caught here on a Tandy beach ; and tht dll and abounds with a variety of birds, which, when our Teamen landed here, were fo unaccultomed to be difturbed, that they came near enough to knockdown as many as they wanted with a flick. This ifland was difeovered, in 1788, by Lieutenant King, in his voyage from Port Jackfon to Norfolk Ifland. At the S. end of it are two very high mountains, nearly perpen- cular from the fea, the fouthernmoft called Mount Gower. About 14 miles to the S. is a very remarkable rock, named Bali’s Pyramid, which had much the appearance of a fteepie at a diftance. Lord Howe’s Ifland is about 3 miles and a halt long, and very narrow acrofs. Lat. 31. .36. S. Jon. 159. o. N. Lording s, Suffolk, between Stepham and Billinghurft. Lor EDO, a town in the late Venetian Dogada, 20 miles S. of Veiaice. Loretto, a town of Italy, in the inarquilate of Ancona. They pretend to Ihew here the Santa Cafa, or Houfe of Na- zareth, in which Jefus W3S brought up; and fay that it was carried by angels into D.il matia, and thence to the place where it now ftands. This houfe is nearly 32 feet long, 13 wide, and 18 fee t 9 inches in height, incrufted with marble, with infide walls of brick, and Tome pieces of ftone intermixed. The inner part, or chapel, is very old, but it is furrounded by a mar- ble wall, and within is a church built of freeftone. A ftatue, to reprefent Mary, the mother of Jefus, with the image of Chrift, covered with diamonds, in her arms, ftands upon the principal altar: it is of cedar-woqd, 3 feet high, but the face can hardly be feen, cn account of the fmoke of the numerous lamps around it. She is clothed with cloth of gold, fet off with jewels, with a triple crown on her head, and the infant is covered with a fliirt, hold- ing a globe in it’s hand, adorned with rich jewels. The fanfluary is perfefliy crowded with 62 great lamps of gold and filver; one of the golden ones, which was prefented by the Republic of Venice, weighs 37 pounds; there are alfo angels waiting about the holy image, one of inaflive gold and two of filver : and the walls are cover- ed with plates of filver. Chriftina, queen of Sweden, gave a crown of gold, worth aboye 100,000 crowns; and Isabella, in- fanta of Spain, fent a garment, which coft LOT 40,000 ducats. Lewis XIII. of France, and his queen, fent two crowns of golds, enriched with diamonds. Befide thefe crowns, they fent an angel of maffy filver, . holding in it’s hand the figure of the dau- phin, of folid gold. The jewels of the Holy Houfe, however, are nothing in com- panion with the treafure, where the num- ber, variety, and richnefs of the veftments, lamps, candlefticks, goblets, crowns, cru- cifixes, images, cameos, pearls, gems cf all kinds, &c. is prodigious. As for the town itfeffj exclufive of the chapel, it is neither very confiderable nor very agree- able, nor does it contain above 300 inha- bitants, who are almoft all fliotmakers, taylors, or tellers of chaplets. Loretto is feated on a mountain, about 3 miles Tom the Adriatic, 10 SE. of Ancona, and 11a NE. of Rome. Lorgues, a populous town in the dept, of Var, feated on the river Argens, 5 miles W. by S. of Qraguignan. Lorn, a diftrift in the N. part of Ar- gylefhire, between Loch Etive and Loch Awe. Lorrain, a ci-devant province of France, abounding in all forts of corn, wine, hemp, flax, rape- feed, game, filh, and, in general, all the necefl'aries of life. The air is thick and cold, but healthy; and it’s lakes abound in filh. Here are fine meadows, and large forefts, with mines of iron, filver, anil copper, and fait pits. The principal rivers are the Maefe, or Meufe,theMofelle,the Seille, the M-urthe, and the Saare. Separated from Bar, it is about 30 leagues in length, and 23 in breadth. It now forms, with the duchy of Bar, the depts. of the Meufe, Meurthe, Mofelle, and Vofges. Lorris, a fmall town in the dept, of Loiret, ia miles W. by S. of Montargis. Lorton , Cumber!, a village divided into High and Lo*iv. It is plealantly feated on the river Cocker, *in Lorton Vale, 4 miles SE. of Cockermouth. Lofcotnb, Dorfetf. 2 miles and a half from Netherby. Lofe- bye, Leic. NE. of Bilfdon. Lofely , Sur- ry, on the Wey river, between Guilford and Godaliuin. Lockfiock Graham, Chefh. E. of North wich. Lotfome , Yorkf. NW. of Howden. Lot, a river of France, which has it’s rife in the dept, of Lozere, paffes by, cr near, to Mende, Cahors, Villeneuve, &c. and falls into the Garonne at, or near, Arguiilon, in the dept, of Lot and Ga- ronne. It begins to be navigable at Cahors. Lot, a dept, of France, bounded on the N. by the dept, of the Correze, and on the SE. by the Aveiron. It takes it’s name from LOU from the river Lot. Cahors is the capi- tal. Lot and Garonne, a department of France, bounded on the N. by the dept, of the Dordogne, on the E. by the Lot, and on the S. by the Gers; it is fo called from the jun&ion of the two rivers of that name. Agen is the capital. Loihbury, Bucks, N. of Newport Fag- nel. Lothian, East. See Hadding- tonshire. Lothian, Mid. See Edinburgh- shire. Lothian, West. SeeLiNLiTHGOw- SHIRE. Lottochjhell , Devonf. near Collumpton. Loubans, a finali town in the dept, of Sione and Loire, fituated in a kind of illand, between the rivers Seilles, Salle, and Solnan, 15 miles SE. of Chalons. It has many manufa&ories and an hofpital ; and is pretty much re for ted to by the merchants of France and Swifferland, for the purpofes of commerce. Lovard, Dorfetf. in Piddleton parifh. Loudown, a county of Virginia. Loudun, a town in the dept, of Vi- enne, feated on a mountain, between the rivers Creufe and Dive, 27 miles NNW. of Poitiers, and 155 SW. of Paris. Lonely Dorfetf. in W. Knighton parifh. Lovelace, Kent, in Betherl'den parifh. Lo- vells Crofs , and Heathy Suffex, NE. of Horfham. Loveljlon , Devonf. in Hewifh parifh. Lovendegen, a fortrefs in the late Auftrian Flanders, feated on the canal be- tween Ghent and Bruges, 5 miles W. of Ghent. Loventor, Devonfhire, in the parifh of Berry Pomery. Lough Aghree, in Down, Ulfter, 3 miles ESE. of Dromore. It is in length near a mile, and in breadth about a quar- ter j and ftored with excellent trout and eels. Lough Allen, in Leitrim, Con- naught, more than 30 miles in circuit, and encompaffed by high mountains, form- ing a beautiful and pi&urefque feene. This diftriil abounds with coal and iron mines ; and iron works have lately been eftablifhed in it’s vicinity. Lough Allua, in Cork, Munfler, within a mile of Inchigeela, and hereto- fore remarkable for the hermitage of Fin- bar, fituated on an ifland in this lake. Lough Arrow, in Sligo, Connaught, about 2 miles from Ballinafabad. It has in it a number of iflands, romantically fi- tuated and well planted. LOU Loughs Ballydowgan, Bally- ki lb eg, Ballykinler, Ballyna- hinch, Ballyroney, and Beg, all in Down, Ulfter, and generally abounding with eels, trout, pike, and reach. *Lo ugh borough, a confiderable town of Leiceft thire, with a confiderable ma- *nu failure of ftockings, and a very exten- five bttlinefs in the coal, trade, produced by the new canals. It is pleafantly fi-ated among fertile meadows, on the tiver Soar, which runs here almoft parallel with the Foffe, near the Foreft of Chamwood, 11 miles N. of Leicefter, and no NW. by N. of London. Market on Thurfday. *L6ughbrickland, a town in the county of Down, in Ulfter. The name fignifies the lake of the fpeckled trout, and it was fo called from a lake near it, which abounds with that particular fpecies of fifh. It confifts chiefly of one broad ftreet, and is a great thoroughfare, being fituated on the great road from Belfaft to Dublin, from which latter place it is diftant 58 miles N. Lough Conn, a lake in Mayo, Con- naught. Lough Corrib, in Galway, Con- naught, is upwards of 20 r^iles long, and, in fome parts, 6 broad, having many very fine iflands in it. It is remarkable for the Gillaroe trout, a very delicate fifh, which weighs from 12 to 18 pounds. Lough Currane. SccLoughLee. Lough Derg, a lake of Donegal, in Ulfter, from vvhicfi the river Derg iflues, which falls into Lough Foyle. In it is the ifland containing the little, narrow cell* called St. Patrick’s Purgatory. Lough Derg, a large lake in the Shannon, between Tipperary and Galway, Lough Dian, in Down, Ulfter. Lough Direvreagh, in W. Meath, Leinfter. Lough Dorn, in Down, Ulfter. Lough Drine, in Cork, Munfter. Lough Ennel, in Weft Meath, Lefft- fter, about 2 miles S. of Mullingar. Lough Erin, in Down, Ulfter, in the parifh of Anahilt. It is fo deep, in fome places, that a line of 16 fathoms has prov- ed inefficient to found it. It is remark- able for breeding pike, trout, and eels of a very large (ize. Lough Erne, in Fermanagh, Ulfter, is divided into the Upper and Lower Lakes. See Erne, Lough. Lough EsK, in Down, Ulfter, pro- duces plenty of char fifh. Lough Falc6n, in Down, Ulfter. loucfH Foyle, in Derry, Ulfter. Be- fore the mouth of this lake, or gulf, is a 3 L 5 LOU great fand, called the Touns, which, how. ever, does not obftruFt the navigation, as there are at all times 14 or 15 fathoms wa- ter in the channel, which is broad as well as deep j and in that arm whereon Lon- donderry ftands there are 10 or 12, fo that it is efteemed as good and commodi- ous a harbour as any in the kingdom. Loughs Gara and Gill, in Sligo, Connaught. Lough Gill, in Antrim, Ultler. Lough Glen, in Donegal, Ultler, about 22 miles WNW. of Londonderry. Lough Guir, in Limerick, Muntter. Lough Gule, in Antrim, Ulfter. Lough Hanch, in Queen’s County, Leinfter. Lough Henney, in Down, Ultler. Lough Hine, in Cork, Munfter. It is about 2 miles in circumference, and abounds with falmon, white trout, lob- fters, crabs, efcalops, and fmall, deep oy- tlers. Lough Hoyle, in W. Meath, Lein- lter, about 2 miles NW. of Mullingar. Lough Inchiquin, in Clare, Munfter, affords delicious fith and tine views. Lough Inny, in W. Meath, Leinfter. Lough Iron, in W. Meath, Leinfter, about 5 miies NW. of Mullingar. Lough Kay, in Leitrim, Connaught. It is a beautiful piece of water, interfperf- ed with iflands, tome of which exhibit old caftles and ruins; fome, lofty timber-trees ; and fome, highly improved, a perpetual verdure, without a tingle tree. Lough Kernan, in Down, Ulfter. Lough Key, in Rofcommon, Con- naught, about 6 miles NW. of Carrick. Lough Lane, in W. Meath, Leinfter. Lough Lean. See Killarney. Lough Lee, or Lough Currane, in Cork, Munfter, near the Bay of Ballt- nafkeligs. It is of an oval form, about 3 miles in length, and half as broad ; con- tains 3 fmall iflands, and abounds with excellent white trout and lalmon. Lough Lheighs, or Healing Lqugh, in CaVan, Ulfter. Loughlin , in Rofcommon, Connaught. Lough Loughail, in Weft Meath, Leinfter. It is about 3 miles long and 1 broad, having in it 5 fmall iflands, which are planted with trees, and pretty well cul- tivated. Lough Macnean, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. It communicates with the E. part of Lough Earne. Lough Maghan, in Down, Ulfter. It is ip the barony of Kintdearty, covers alv-ut 23 acres, and is ft or ed with pike, eels, roach, and bream. LOU Lough Mask, in Mayo, Connaught. Lough More, in Limerick, Munfter, Lough Neagh, fituated in or between the counties of Armagh, Down, Derry, and Antrim, in Ulfter. It is the largeft lake in Europe, thofe of Ladoga and One- ga in Ruflia, and that of Geneva, in Swif- ferlcfnd excepted, being about 20 miles long and 15 broad. The area of it is computed to be 100,000 acres. It is re- markable for it’s healing virtue in ferofu- lous cafes, by bathing ; and, for it’s pe- trifying quality, which is not only found in the water, but in the adjacent foil at a confiderable depth. Lough Pallis, in King’s County, Leinfter, about 12 miles WNW. of Por- tarlington. Lough Ramor, in Cavan, Ulfter. It is near Virginia, about 40 miles from Dub- lin, and contains feveral iflands, on which there are fome ruins of caftles. # Loughrea, a town of Galway, in Connaught. It is feated near a beautiful lake of the fame name, which is more than a mile in length, and one in breadth, 15 miles SW. of Galway, and 86 W. of Dublin. Lough Ree, between the counties of Longford and W. Meath, in Leinfter, and Rofcommon, in Connaught, is a handfome, fpacious lake, formed by the Shannon, and contains feveral fmall iflands. Lougbrigg, Weftmorl. near Rydal, to which it is joined by a bridge, making one village with it. Lough Salt, in Donegal, Ulfter, be- tween Kilmacrenan and Glenn Inn, on the top of a lofty mountain. Lough Scudy, in W. Meath, Lein- fter. Lough Shark, in Down, Ulfter, co- vers about 80 acres. Lough Shellin, in W. Meath, Lein- fter, within a mile of Daly’s Bridge. It contains fome fmall iflands, and is of con- fiderable magnitude, extending to Finae, where it communicates with Lough Inny, Between the loughs is a bridge, which joins the counties of Weft Meath and Cavan. Lough Shy, in Mayo, C .nnaught. Lough Stkangford, in Down, Ul- fter, takes it’s piei'ert name ftom a (mail port town, called Strangford, Rated on the W. fide of the narrow entrance from the lea. It was formerly known by the name of Lough Cone, or Lyugh Coyne. It is a deep bay, or inlet of the lea, abouc 17 miles long and 4 or 5 broad, and abounds with excellent fifli, particularly i'meltsf and, off the bar, there is a peri- odical LOU LOU odical herring fifhery in autumn. It con- tains 54. iflands, fmall and great, known by particular names, and there are many others which are namelefs. Four of them are called Swan Iflands, from the number of fwans which frequent them. The great and profitable manufacture carried on in thefe iflands, is the burning of fea-weed into kelp. Lough Swilly, in Louth, Leinfter. Loughton , Bucks, between Fenny and Stony Stratford. Loughton , Eflex, 10 miles from London. Loughton , Line. W. of Kirton, in Lindfey. Loughton , Line. E. of Sleaford. Loughton, Devonfhire, near Plympton. Lowick Bridge , Cumb. near Coinfton Water. Lovington, Hants, near Alresford. Lovingtony Somerf. between Bruton and Somerton. Louisa, at firft called Degerly, a fea port of Nyland, built in 174.5, as a frontier town towards Ruffia. The houfes are all of wood, two (lories high, and painted red . It is fituated on a bay, on the N. coaft of the Gulf of Finland, and de- fended towards the fea by a fmall fortrefs. Louisburgh, a town of N. America, capital of the Ifland of Cape Breton, fub- jeCt to the Englifh. It has an excellent harbour, about 6 miles in length, from NE. to SW. and more than half a mile in breadth, from NW. to SE. It’s entrance is not above 1800 feet wide, and is formed by 2 fmall iflands. In the NE. part is a fine, careening wharf, to heave down, very fecure from all winds. On the oppofite fide are the fifliing ftages, with room for aooo boats to cure their fi(h ; the cod be- ing remarkably plentiful here, and, at the fame time, better than any about New- foundland. The fifhery may, in general, be continued from April to the clofe of December, when the harbour becomes im- practicable, being entirely frozen, fo as to be walked over. The town is about half an Englifh mile in length, and 2 in circuit, built, for the moft part, of (lone houfes, and laid out in broad and regular (Ireets. At a little diftance from the fort, or cita- del, is a large parade, the infide of which is a fine fquare, near 200 feet every way. This ifland was taken by Admiral Bof- cawen and Lieutenant-general Amherft, June 27, 1758, and it’s fortifications fince •demolifhed. Lat. 45. 54. N. Ion. 59. 48. W. Louisiana, a large country of North America, fituated on both Tides of the Mifliflippi, and bounded on the E. by Florida and the United States ; on the S. by the Gulf of Mexico} on the W. by New Mexico; and on the N. by Indian Nations. It is vgreeably fituated between the extremes of heat and cold ; it’s cli- mate varying as it extends toward the N. The fouthern parts, lying within the reach of the refrefhing breezes from the fea, are not fcorched like thole under the fame la- titude in Africa; and it’s northern regi- ons are colder than thole in Europe under the fame parallels, with a wholdome, fe- rene air. From the favourablenefs of the climate, two annual crops of Indian corn, as well as rice, may be produced ; and the foil, with little cultivation, would furnifh grain of every kind in the greateft abund- ance. The timber is as fine as any in the world ; and the quantities of live 03k, afh, mulberry, walnut, cherry, cyprefs, and cedar, are aftoniftiing. The neigh- bourhood of the Mifliflippi, befides, fur- niflies the richeft fruits in great variety ; the foil is particularly adapted for hemp, flax, and tobacco; and indigo is at this time a ftaple commodity, which common- ly yields the planter three or four cuttings a year. Whatever is rich and rare in the moft defirable climates in Europe feems to be the fpontaneous production of this de- lightful country. It is interfered by a number of fine rivers, among which are the Natchitoches, and the Adayes, or Mexicano. In 1763, Louifiana was ced- ed to Spain. Louisville, a town of N. America, in the ftate of Kentucky, and county of Jefferfon. It is feated on the river Ohio, oppofite Clarkfville, at the Falls, in a fer- tile country, and promifes to he a place of great trade; but it’s unhealthinefs, owing to ftagnated waters at the back of the town, has hitherto retarded it’s growth. It is 80 miles SW. of Lexington. Lat. 38. 3. N. Ion. 86. 30. W. Lound , Eajiy Line, in Axholm Ifle. Lound Hall, Nott. N. of Retford, on the fiver Idle. Loung, Loch, an arm of the fea, in Argylefhire, about 15 miles long and r wide, between Loch Fyne and Loch Lo- mond. Near it’s NE. extremity is the dark, wild, and romantic Valeof Glencroy- Lourbottle, Northumberl. S. of Wliit- tingham. Lourde, a town in the dept, of Up- per Pyrenees, with an ancient caftle, feat- ed on a rock, 10 miles from Baignercs. Louth, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, about 22 miles in length, and from 9 to 14 in breadth; bounded on the W. by Monaghan and Meath ; on the N. by Armagh and Car- linglord Bay; on the E. by Sr. George’s Cnannd ; and on the S. by Meath, from which it is parted by the river Boyne. It LOU J 3 the fmralleft county in the kingdorp, but very fertile and pleafant, and contains 61 parifhes, 11,500 houfes, and about 57,750 inhabitants. It’s chief towns are Dundalk, Carlingtord. Drogheda, Ardee, and Dun- leer. Louth, a town of Ireland, in the county of the fame name, 6 miles SW, of Dundalk. * Louth, a large and confiderable town of Lincolnfhire, containing many band- fome houfes, and about 4000 inhabitants. It has a large church, with a fine fteeple, thought by lbme to be as high as the fpire-" at Grantham, which is 288 feet high. From hence there is a canal to the fca, at Tiiney, about 8 miles. It is fituated on the river Lud, from which it take it’s name, 28 miles NE. of Lincoln, and 148 N. of London. Markets on Wednelday and Saturday. Louth erjlown, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Louvain, or Loeven, a large city of the late Auftrian Brabant, with a cele- brated univerfity*. The walls of this place are nearly 7 miles in circumference, but within them are a great many gardens and vineyards. The public buildings are magnificent, and the univerfity confifts of 60 imall colleges, much admired for their fttuation and archite£!ure, but not fump- tuous. They formerly made large quan- tities of cloth here, infotnuch that this city contained, at one time, 1 50,000 clothiers ; but at prefent their trade is greatly decay- ed, and the place is chiefly remarkable for it’s good beer, with which it ferves the neighbouring towns. In it’s caftle, built originally by the Emperor Arnulph, to defend the country againft the Normans, and called at firft Loven, and afterwards Cad'ar’s Caftle, the emperor, Charles V. and his fillers wene brought up to the year 1510; and formerly the affembly of the ftatcs was held here. It is now in ruins. It is feated on the river Dyle, iz miles NNE. of Bruffels. Louvestein, a fort refs in S. Holland, fituated on an ifland, called the Bommel Wuert, formed by the junction of the ri- vers Waal and Mael'e, 6 miles SE. of Gorcum, and 16 E. of Dott. In this caftle, the patriotic chiefs were imprifoned by Prince Maurice, whence that party has ever fince been called the Louveftein party. Their principles are ftrongly republican, and, of courfe, in dire£l oppofition to the ltad t holder. Lou vi ers, a handfome town in the dept, of Eure, with a confiderable manu- /a&ory of fine cloths. It is feated in a L O W fertile plain, on the river Eure, 10 miles N, of E-vreux, and 55 NW. of Paris. Lou vigny, a town in the dept, of the Iile and Vilaine, 24 milts E. of Dol. Lquvigny en Bain, a town in the dept, of the Hit and Vilaine, 7 miles SW. of Vitre. — Lou vo, a confiderable town in the' kingdom of Siam, with a palace, where the king paffes one -part of the year. It is very populous, and is feated in a plea- fant plain, 50 miles N. of the city of Siam'. Lou vois, a town in the dept, of the Marne, 9 miles NE. of Epernay. Lowly er, Cumberl. near Kirkhaugb. Lowdham, Nottingh. between Notting- ham and Southwell. Lowdore, a celebrated catarad of Cumberland, on the E. fide of the Lake of Derwent, in the Vale of Kefwick. It is formed by the rufhing of the waters of Watanlath through an awful chalm, made by the contiguity of two vaft rocks ; but entirely fails in a dry feafon. Lowenstein, a town, capital of a county of Suabia, annexed as a fief to the duchy of Wirtemburg. It is 20 miles NE. of Stutgard. Lowes Forejl, Northumberland, in the SW. part of the county. Lowes Water, a lake of Cumber- land, about a mile in length, and a quar- ter of a mile in breadth. It is a molt ro- mantic fpot, the oppofite fhores being ri- vals in beauty of hanging woods, little groves, and waving indofures, with farms feated in the fweeteft points of view. It is of no great depth, and without char ; but it abounds with pike and perch, and ’has: fome trout. It is near Dean, and about 6 miles S. of Cockermouth. LOWESTOFF. SreLESTOFF. Low Green , Worcef. near Lind ridge. Lowick Chapel , Lancaf. N. ofUlverfton. Lowick Chapel, Northumb. between Wol- ler and Berwick. Lovvicz, a town of Rava, in Poland. Lowlworth , 7 miles NW. of Cam- bridge'. Lowfyn, Northumb. between Lowick and Berwick. Lownd y Line. N. of Stamford. Lownd t Suff. near the coaff, between Yarmouth and Leftoff. Lownf- borough , Yorkfhire, N. of Market Wigli- ton. Loworihy , Devonfhire, near Houlf- worthy. Lowran, in Carlow, Leinfter. Lowther , Weftmorl. on the river Loder, 2 miles from Penrith. Not far from the river is a row'ot' pyramidal Hones, 8 or 9 feet high, which extend about a mile. Lowthorp , 'Yorkfii near Kilham. Low - j , ton, L U B ten, Lane. near Leigh. Lowye, North- umherl. near Woller. Loxa, or Loja, a town of Granada, containing 3 parifh churches and 4 con- vents. It has royal falt-works and a cop- per forge, and i» fituated on the river Xe- nil, in a country producing abundance of fruits, legumes, olives, and faftron, 26 miles W. of Granada. Loxa, or Loja, a town, capital of a jurifdi&ion of Quito, in S. America, con- taining 2 churches, a convent, a college, and an hofpital. It’s territory is famous for producing the quinquina tree, or bark, a well-known fpecific for intermitting fe- vers, and alfo for producing the trees which breed the cochineal, reckoned of equal goodntfs with that of Oaxaca, in Mexico j although the inhabitants breed no more than what they imagine will be fufHcient for the dyers of that and the neighbouring jurifdiction of Cuenca. Loxkear , Devon!’. NW. of Tiverton. Loxjord , Eflex, near Barking. Loxhorn , Devonf. near Barnftaple. Loxley , Staff, near Need wood ForelL Loxley , Surry, SE. of Godalmin. Loxley, Warw. SE. of Stratford upon Avon. Loxivood, Cha- nel and Park, SufTex, on the borders of Surry, towards Awfold. Loynton , Staff. SW. of Ecclefhall. Loyterton , Gloucef. in Boxwell parifh. Loytz, a town of Swedifh Pomerania, 24 miles S. of Stralfund. Lozere, adepartment of France, hav- ing the depts. of Cantal and Upper Loire to the N. and Gard to the S. It includes the range of mountains from which it takes it’s name. Mende is the capital. Luban, a town of Novogrodeck, in Lithuania. Lubansken Sea, or, the Lake of Luban, a lake in Livonia, toward the confines of Courland and Lithuania. It abounds with excellent fifh. Luebecke, or Luthicke, a town of Minden, in Weftphalia, with fome trade in yarn and linen, alfo in the breeding of cattle and brewing beer. Lubben, a town and fmall circle of Lufatia, fituated on the river Spree, 56 miles N. of Drefden. It contains four churches, with a noble hofpital, and a land-houfe, or houfe where the diets af- femble. Lubbenbam , Leicef. near Harhorough. Lubeck, a celebrated fea-port of Hol- ftein, in Lower Saxony. It is a free, im- perial city, and was long the head of the famous Hanfeatic League, which v^as formed here in 1164. It was likewife the moft commercial city and powerful repub- L U B lie of the north. It’s fleet fet the north- ern powers at defiance, and rode triumph- ant in the Baltic. But Lubeck retains fcarcely a fhadow of it’s former power. It’s trade, however, is ftill confiderable, but will probably be ftill farther dimimfhed, if the Canal of Kiel fhould anfwer the purpofe for which it was planned ; for, by that means, great part of the merchan- dife, which now pafles throng!) this town, will be conveyed along that canal, do vn the Eyder, to Tonningen, and thence by fea, and up the Elbe > Hamburg. The houfes of Lubeck are built all of ftone, in a very ancient ftyle of architeflure ; the doors being fo large as to admit carriages into the hail, which frequently ferves for a coach- houfe. The walls of many houfes bear the date of the 15th century, and, at that period, no doubt, the town was efteemed very beautiful. The ftreets are, for the moft part, fteep, as the city ftands on the two fides of a long hill, the eaftern part extending towards th.e Wackenitz, as the weftern does towards the Trave. Here are 4 parochial churches, befides the cathedral. The town-houfe is a fupetb ftrufture, and has Ever a! towers. In it is a large hall, called Haanfefaal , where the deputies of the Hanfe Towns ufed formerly to meet. Here is alfo a fine ex- change, built in the year 1683. The in- habitants are all Lutherans, and there are 21 preachers, whofe chief has the title of Superintendant. Here were formerly 4 convents} and in that of St. John there are ftill 22 Proteftant girls, under the go- vernment of an abbefs. That of St. Mary Magdalen is turned into an hofpital } that of St. Anne is made a houfe of corre 61 ion 5 and of the monaftery of St. Catharine, they have made a handfome college. In the great hofpital, there is always a contuler- able number of poor men and women. Befide this, there are 14 other hofpirals, 1 for lunatics, a peft-houfe, and 4 others for lick perfons. Lubeck is feated at the confluence of the rivers Trave, (which is the large ft,) the Steckenitz, another navi- gable ftream, by which it communicates with the Elbe} and the Wackenitz, which ifTues from the Lake of Ratzeburg, and, after joining the Scwartau, falls into the Baltic, by means of which feveral ftreams, long and flat-bottomed veflels pafs from the Baltic into the German Ocean, 14 miles SW. of the Baltic, and 40 NE. of Hamburg. I.ar. 53. 52. N. Ion. 10.44.E. Lubeck, The Bishoprick of, a finall territory in that part of the duchy of Holftein, which was anciently called Wagria, The bifhep, who is always of LUC the houfe of Holftein, is a prince of the empire, yet, in the college of princes, he fits neither on the fpiritual nor temporal bench, but on a particular one, placed crofswife, and laid there purpofely for him and the bifhop of Ofnaburg, when a Lutheran. The chapter contifts of 30 perfons, who are all Lutherans, 4 Roman Catholics excepted. The cathedral dands in Lubeck, where, however, it has no au- thority. Lubec, an ifland in the Eadern Indian Ocean, near Madura. Lat. 5. 50. S. Ion. 1 1 2. 22. E. Luben, a town of Lignitz, in Silefia. Lublin, a city of Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name, part of which is annexed to the new kingdom of Galicia. It contains feveral churches and convents, has three annual fairs, which lad a month each, and are frequented by great numbers of German, Gieek, Armenian, Turkifh, Ruffian, Jewifli, and even Arabian mer- chants, And is fituated in a very pleal'ant and fertile country, on the little river By* itrzna, with a caftle built on a high rock, 85 miles SE. of VVarfaw. Lubomla, a town of Chelm, in Po- land. Luc, a town in the dept, of the Var ; a town in the dept, of the Lower Pyrenees, r 2 miies W. of Pan ; a town in the dept, of Laze re; and a town in the dept, of the Drome. Alio a town of Leuchtenberg, in Bavaria, fituated on the Nab, 12 miles ENE. of Am berg. Lucan, a plealant village on the river LifFey, 6 miles from Dublin. It is noted fbi* a medicinal fipring. Lucanas, a town and fertile jurifdic- tion, abounding in filver mines, of Gua- rtunga, in Peru, fituated not far from the fource of the river Apurimac. ^ The ju- rifdi&ion begins about So miles SW. of Guamsnga. Lucar de Baremeda, St. a town in Andalufia. It has a fine harbour, well defended, and is feated at the mouth of the river Guadalquiver, 44 miles S. by W. of Seville, and 270 S. by W. of Madrid. Lucar de Guadiana, a town of Andalufia, with a fmall harbour, feated on the river Guadiana, 12 miies N. of Ayamonte. Luclaya Islands. See Bahama. Lucca, a town of Italy, capital of a republic of the fame name. It is about 3 Italian miles in circumference, and forti- fied with 1 1 badions. The inhabitants, who are above 40,000, are conliderable manufacturers of filk, and gold and filver fluffs - for .this reafon it is called Lucca LUC the Induflrious. They oblige all travellers who have arms to leave them at the city gate, and will not fuffer any one to wear a fword within it. The Ifate palace is a large building, and includes the arfenal, which has arms for 20,000 men. The houfes are handfome, and the ftreets broad and well paved, but mod of them are ir- regular. It is feated in the middle of a fruitful plain, terminating in pleafant emi- nences, near the river Serchio, 10 miles NNE. of Pifa, 37 W. of Florence, and 155 N. by W. of Rome. Lat. 43.50. N. Ion. 10. 35. E. Lucca, The Republic of, a fmall territory of Italy, lying on the Tufcan Seaj about 24 miles in length, and from 10 to 20 in breadth. The foil does not produce much corn j but there is plenty of wine, oil, filk, wool, and chefnuts. Their oil, in particular, is in high efteem, but the poorer people receive part of their fup- port from chefnuts, lupins, and French beans. The induftry of the people, in improving to the bed advantage every fpot of their ground, is equally furprifing and commendable. This republic is under the protection of the emperor. The regency confifts of a gonfalonier, aflifted by a coun- cil of 9 members ; all of thefe, howeve'f, are changed every two months, and are chofen out of the great council. This is compofed of 240 nobles, of whom one half forms what are called the ordinary counfellors, and the others the extraordi- nary. Both are changed once in two years, by a new eleCtion. The gonfalonier, and nine regent counfellors, vyhillt in the ad- miniftration, live in the date palace, and at the public expence. The republic maintains a regular body of 500 men, and 70 Swifis, as a guard for the regency. The number of inhabitants in the city, and the 150 villages belonging to it, is computed at upwards of 120,000. The revenues amount to about 30,0001. per annum. Luce, a great bay of Wigtonfliire, ly- ing to the E. of the Mull of Galloway. Lucena, a town of Cordova $ and n, town of Valencia, 18 miies NE. of Se- gorva; both in Spain. Lucera, a town of Capitanata, in Naples, with a manufacture of cloth. It is 60 miles NE. of Naples. Lucern, one of the 13 cantons of Swilferland, and the mod confiderable of them, except Zurich and Bern. It is bounded on the E. and SE. by the cantons of Zug, Schweitz, and Underwalden ; and on all the other fides by the canton of Bern. The inhabitants, who are Romanids, are under the fpiritual jurifdi&ion of the bi- LUC ffiop of Oonfbnce. It is about 30 miles in length, and 20 in it’s mean breadth. The foil is fertile, but unequal 5 the fouthern parts are mountainous, but without gla- ciers, and there is a very confiderable ex- portation of cheefe. The fovereign power of this republic refides in the council of 100, comprifing the lenate, or little council. The former is the nominal fovereign ; but the power refides in the latter, confiding of 36 perfons, who are formed into two divifions, which exercife the office by ro- tation. Although the government appears purely ariftocratic, yet this ariftocracy is reftrained in divers refpe&s ; as in the matter of making war or peace, conclud- ing new alliances, acquiring new territo- ries, or impofing new taxes., the confent of all the citizens mud be obtained. The chiefs of the republic are two magiftrates, called advoyers. Lucern, a very ancient, and tolerably well-built town, the capital of the canton of Lucern, in Swifferland. It is divided into two parts by one of the branches of the river Reufs, which falls into the lake, on which the town is fituated. Theftreets are clean, the grand church is very hand- fome, and the arfenal is well furniffied with new cannon ; but the town fcarcely contains 3000 inhabitants, has no manu- factures of confequence, and little com- merce ; and there are few places where learning meets with lefs encouragement, and, confequently, is lefs cultivated. The bridges, which fkirt the town, round the edge of the lake, are the faffiionable walk of the place, and remarkable for their length. Being covered at the top, and open at the Tides, they afford aconftant view of the beautiful and romantic coun- try. They are decorated with coarfe paintings, reprefenting the Hiftoriesof the Hebrews, the Battles of the Swifs, and the Dance of Death. Lucern is fituated on the Waldftaetter See, or Lake of Lucern, where the Reufs iffues from it, 30 miles SW. of Zurich, and 35 E. of Bern. Lat. 47. 5. N. Ion. 8. 6. E. Lucern, Lake of. See Wald- STAETTER SEE. Lucerna, a town of the Four Valleys, in Piedmont, to one of which it gives name. It is 5 miles SW. of Pignerola. Lucia, St. or Alousie, an ifland of the W. Indies, about 22 miles in length and 15 in breadth, affording, amongft other tropical productions, plenty of co- coa and fuftic. It is very healthy, and exhibits a variety of hills, yet partly con- fifls of very fertile plains, finely watered with rivulets, and furniffied with timber. LUC fit for building houfes and windmills, and often employed for that purpofe by both the French and Engliffi planters. It is provided with feveral good bays and com- modious harbours, the chief of which, called the Little Carenage , is reckoned the beft in all the Caribbee Ifiands. In it are two remarkably round and high moun- tains, faid to be volcanos, by which this ifland may be known at a confiderable dis- tance. It was long confidered as neutral, by the Engliffi and French, till it was ceded to France by the peace of 1763. In 1 777, it was taken by the Engliffi, but reftored to the French by the peace of 1783. It has been again taken by the Engliffi in the prefent war, (by Sir Charles Grey and Sir John Jervis, in 1794,) and. ftill remains in their pofleffion. It is about 70 miles NNW, of Barbadoes, and 38 S. of Martinico. Lat. 13.25. N. Ion. 60. 58. W. Lucia, St. one of the fmaller Cape de Vtrd Ifiands, about 24 miles in length, with a commodious harbour on the E. fide, formed by two fmall ifiands, and af- fording good ffielter and anchorage. The ifland is high and mountainous. Lat. 17, 18. N. Ion. 24. 8. W. Lucignano, a town of Tufcany. Luckford , Dorfetf. W. of Holme, by the river Luckford, which empties itfelf into the Frome, and forms the W. boun- daries of Purbeck Ifle. Luckbam , De- vonf. in Uffcolumb pariffi. Luckington , Wilts, SW. of Malmfbury. Lucknor % Northumb. W. of Sunderland. Lucknow, an ancient city of Hin- dooftan, capital of Oude. It is an exten- five place, but poorly built: the houfes are chiefly of mud, covered with thatch $ and many confift entirely of mats and bamboos, and are thatched with leaves of the cocoa-nut, palm-tree, and fometimes with ftraw. The houfes of the merchants are of brick, lofty, and ftrong, and there are fome, but not many, magnificent edi- fices, Sujah Dowlah having deftroyed molt of the ancient palaces, when he ere&ed others. The others are moftly built on eminences, here and there, whence the ine- quality, of the ground makes it trouble- fpme to walk, continually afeending or de- fending. The ftreets, moreover, are crooked, narrow, and ftinking, every kind of filth being thrown into them, and no care taken to keep them clean. In the dry feafon, the dull and heat are almoft intolerable j in the rainy feafon, the mire is fo deep as to be fcarcely paffable; and there is a great number of elephants be- longing to the nabob and the great men LUC «jf his court, which are continually pafT- ing the ftreets, either to the palace or to the river, to the great danger and annoy- ance of the foot paffengers and fhopkeep- ers. The palace of the nabob is feated on a high bank near the Goomty, and commands an extenlive view both of that river and the country on the eaftern fide. Lucknow is 650 miles NVV. of Calcutta. Lat. 26. 35. N. Ion. 8 1 . 25. E. Lucko, a town of Volhynia, in Po- land, 176 miles SE. of Warfaw. l.uckowe , Ifie of Wight, in E. Medina. Luckor, Glamorganf. an ancient bo- rough, on the river Luckor, which is na- vigable here for vefiels of 200 tons bur- den, and over which it has a ferry. It is 7 miles W. by K. of Swanfea. Luckor , a river of Glamorganshire, which pafies by Llanetty or Llanelly, Luckor, he. and empties itfelf into the Briftoi Channel at the Worms Head. Lucktoii> Heref. near Croft Caftle. Luco, a town of Abruzzo Ultra. Lucomb , Dorfetf. 2 miles N. of Weft Chelburgb. • LugoN, or Luzo-n, a town in the dept, of Vendee, leated in an unwhoiefome mo- rats, on a canal, about 6 miles long, which communicates with the fea, 17 miles N. of Rochelle. Luconia, or Manilla, the chief of the Philippine Illands, inAfia, about 400 miles in length and 100 in breadth. It is not fo hot as might be expelled, becaufe jt is watered by a vaft abundance of large and fmall lakes, fprings, rivulets, and great rivers, and by the periodical rains, which inundate all the plains. There are feveral volcanos in the mountains, which ojccafion earthquakes ; and a variety of hot baths. The produce of this very fertile and healthy ifland is wax, cotton, wild cinnamon, l'ulphur, cocoa nuts, rice, gold, which is found in every part; horfes, buf- faloes, game, 40 different forts of palm- trees, and all forts of fruits, both of the E. and W. Indies, with forne that are to be found no where elfe. The inhabitants are compofed of feveral nations, befides Spaniards, and they all produce’ a mixed breed, diftinft from any of the reft. The blacks have long hair and good features ; and there is one tribe who tattoo them- felves, drawing curious figures on their bodies. To this ifland the Spaniards bring all forts of commodities j Aich as iilver from New Spain, Mexico, and Pe- ru ; diamonds from Golconda ; filks, tea, Japan and China ware, and gold dull, from China and Japan. The Spaniards lend hence two large fhips eyery year to Aca- L U D pulco in Mexico, with merchandife, and return back with filver. There is an in- quisition here, but it does not affe£I the natives and the Mahometans. This ifland is .divided into feveral provinces, moftly under thg jurifdi&ion of the Spaniards. The principal ate Illocos, the richeft and moft populous, the coaft of which extends upwards of 30 leagues ; Balagan, which contains about 2500 tributary Indians ; Camarinas, in which is the city of New Caceres, the fee of a hilhop; Paracaie, which contains about 7000 tributary In- dians, and abounds in mines of gold and other metals, and of valuable loadftones ; and Cagayan, in which are about 9000 tributaries. Manilla is the capital. Ludbrook , Devonf. in the parishes of Ermington and Modbury. Ludburgh , Lin- colnf. W. of Saltfleet. Luddenham , Kent, two miles from Feverfham. Ludderton , Yorkf. NW. of Sherborn. Luddefdcn, Kent, SE. of Halfted. Luddington , Hunt- in gd. NW. of the Giddings. Luddington, Line, in Axholm Ifle. Luddington , North- amptonf. NE. of Thrapflon. Luddington , Warw. SW. of Stratford upon Avon. Luddington, Wilts, S. of Highworth. Luddington , Yorkf. NW. of Halifax. Luder, a town of Fulda, circle of Upper Rhine. Ludford , Heref. near Ludlow. Lud - ford , Line, near Market Raifin, where Roman coins have often been dug up. Ludgershall, a fmall town in Wilt- fliire, formerly the refidence of feveral kings. It is feated near the Foreft of Chute, in a delighful country, 15 miles N. of Salilbury, and 64 S. by W. of London, Market difufed. Ludgraves, Middl. near Hadley. Lud- ham , Norfolk, between Accle and Hick- ling. Liidlcy , SufTex, W. of PevenlVy Marlh or Level. * Ludlow, a large, neat, flourishing, and well-built town of Shropfhire, feated on the river Temd, near it’s conflux with the Corve, ia a pleafant, fruitful, and populous country, 29 miles S. of Shrewf- bury, and 138 NW. of London. Arthur, prince of Wales, fon of Henry VII. held a court, and died here; and here Henry VIII. etlablilhed the council of the Marches, whole lord lieutenant ufed to keep his court here, till they were difufed in tiie reign of William III. who appoint- ed two lord lieutenants of N. and S. Wales. It is a great thoroughfare to Wales, and is much reforted to by the Welch youth of both fexes for education. Market on Monday. Ludfham , SufTex, near Marflifield and Cuckfield. LUL Cuckfield. Ludflon , Shropf. 5 miles from Bvidgenorth. Ludwell, Herts, N. of Hitchin. Ludwell, Wilts, near War- dour Caflle. Ludwick Hall , Herts, NE. of Hatfield. Ludwcrth, Derby f. in the High Peak. Ludwortb, E. of Durham. Luffencot , Devon!'. near Houlfworthy. Luf- fenhall , Herts, NE. of Stevenage. Luf- fenham , A r . and .S’. Rutland, 4 miles from Uppingham. Luflield , part in Bucks, and part in Northamptonfli. in Scow parifh. I.uJJkuick, Northampton f. NW. of Thrnp- iion. Lag, a river in Heref. which runs into the Wye near Hereford. Lug, a ri- ver which rifes in Radnorfhire, and run- ning S. through Hertfordfhire, Shropfhire, and Monmouthfhire, pafles by Monmouth, and falls into the Severn at or near Chep- ftow. Lugano, a town of Swiflerland, capi- tal of a bailiwick of the fame name, which is the principal of the 4 tranfalpine baili- wicks, about 20 miles in length and 13 in breadth. It is built round a gentle curve on the NW.coaft of the Lake of Lu- gano, and is the emporium of the greateft part of the merchandife, which pafles from Italy over St. Gothard or Bernardin. It contains about 8000 inhabitants. Moil of the houfes are built of tufstone. The bailiwick contains to6 towns and villages, and about 53.000 inhabitants, who are all Romanitts. The foil is fertile in paflure, corn, fruit, and fiik; and olives are pro- duced in great abundance. It is governed by a bailiff, fent every 2 years by each canton in it’s turn. Lugano is 17 miles NW. <>f Como. Lat. 45. 54. N. Ion. 8. 48. E. Lugano, a lake of Swifferland, on the Italian fide of the Alps, and in nearly the centre of the bailiwick of Lugano. It is about 20 miles in length, and from 2 to 4 in breadth j it’s form very irregular, bending into continual finuofities. It is about 190 fee t perpendicular higher than the Lakes of Como and Locarno. Lugham, Cornw. near Mount’s Bay. Lughan , or Lv.ggan , Cornw. among hills, N. of Redruth. Lugo, a city of Galicia, chiefly cele- brated for it’s warm medicinal fpr'ngs. It contains 3 parifh churches, 4 convents, 2 hofpitals, and a feminary, and is fitliat- ed on the river Minho, 40 miles N. of Orenfe. Lugwardine, near Hereford. Luke's, St. Suflex, NW. of Midhurft. Lula, a feaport of W. Bothnia, fitu- ated at the NW. extremity of the Gulf of Bothnia, on a river of the fame name, L U N with a good harbour, 1 ro miles ENE. of Umea. Lat. 65. 36. N. Lilian d IJle, Cornw. at the mouth of Padflow Haven. I.ullefley , Worcef. 2 miles E. of Sukeiey. Lullingflon , Kent, on the Derwent. Lullington, Derbyf, SW. of Grtfley Caflle. Lullington , Somerf. near Philip’s Norton. Lully , Herts, SW. of Hitchin. Lulfey, SW. of Worcelter. Lulworth, E. and IV. Doric tf. between W eymouth and Cc: Caflle. The church of E. Lulworth, the whole of which is ve- ry ancient, has a tower of an uncommon fojrm, reaching from the hale to the top, like a cone. Lulworth St, Andrews, Dorfetf. a mile SE. of Lulworth. Lul- worth Couse, Dorletf. is 1380 feet in dia- meter, and 21 feet in depth at low water, and will admit vefl’ds of 80 tons burden. Lumley Caflle and Park, Durham, on the Wear, oppofite to Chefter le Street. Luncarty, a town of Perthfhire, about 5 miles N. cf Perth. It is noted, at prefent, for one of the moll extenfivc bleaching grounds in Scotland, and is fig- nalifed in Scottifh hiflory, for being the place where, in the year 970, the gallant Hay turned the tide of conquefl in favour of his countrymen, the Scots, in a victory obtained over the Danes. Lund , Yorklhire, NW. of Beverley. Lund, Yorkf. N. of New Malton. Lund, a town, the capital of Scania, and the fee of an archbilhop. It is ac- counted the mod ancient in Sweden, ac- cording- to an old' proverb, that when our Saviour, Jefus Cnrift, was born, Lund was in it’s glory. Here is a univerfity, founded by Charles XI. far 21 profcfTors, and furnished with a good library. The number of fludents is about 300, and of other inhabitants about 800, who have but little trade. Here likewife a Royal Phyfiographical Society was inftituted in 1776, and incorporated by the king in 1778. The fubje&s treated of in it’s Afts relate only to natural hiflory, che- miftry, and agriculture. The cathedral is an ancient, irregular building. It is ao miles SSE. of Landfcrona, and 225 SW. of Stockholm. Lat. 55. 33. N, Ion. 13. 26. E. Lunden, a town of Danifh Holflein, feated near the river Eyder, 24 miles W. of Renfburg, and 57 NNW. of Hamburgh. Lundy, an ifland in the mouth of the Biiflol Channel, near the middle, between Devonf. and Pembrokef. It is about 5 miles long and 2 broad, and encompafled with inacceflxble rocks, fo that it has but one entrance, and there fcarcely two per- fons L U N Ians can go abreaft. In the N. part of it r> a high, pyramidieal rock, called the Con- stable. Here are horfes, kine, hogs, and goats, with great ltore of fheep anil rab- bits ; but the chief commodity is fowl, with which it abounds much, their eggs feeing very thick on the ground, at their feafon of breeding. It had once a fort and a chapel ; at prel'ent, the only inha- bitants are a man and his family. Lune , a river of Weilmorland and Dur- ham, which runs into the Tees below Lor.gton, about 6 miles above Barnard Calf Ie. Lune ; fee Lon . Lime For eft, York!', near Richmond. Luneburg, a town of Natangen, in Fniflla. Lunel, a town in the dept, of Gard, producing excellent mulcadine wine. It is j6 miles E. of Montpellier. Lunen, a town of Mark, in Weftpha- IH, fituated at the confluence of the rivers Zefick and Lippe, 20 miles SSW. of Mu- nich. Lunenburg, a duchy in the circle of Lower Saxony, which, including Zell, is Separated from Holflein and Lawenburg on the N. by the river Elbe ; and is bound- ed on the E. by the duchies of Brunfwick and Mecklenburgh. It is about 100 miles in length and 70 in breadth. It is watered by the rivers Aller, Elbe, Iline- n-au, Jetze, the Old Mark, the Lahe, the Seve, and other rivers; and part of it is full of heaths and forcfts ; but, near the uvers, pietty fertile. It abounds with wild boars, which the German nobility come to hunt here for their uiverfion, at certain feaions. It is fubjcdl to the elec- tor of Hanover. Lunenburg is the capi- tal. Lunenburg, a large, fortified town of Germany, containing about 1300 houfes and 9.000 inhabitants. The chief public edifices are 3 parifh churches, the ducal palace, 3 holpitals, the town-houfe, the kilt magazine, formerly a church belong- ing to tire abbey of Heiligenthal, the ana- tomical theatre, and the academy. The Sulze conftitutesadiftin£f part of the town, is walled in, and has a feparate magiftracy. It confifts of fmall houfes, built deep in tire ground, with four large, leaden pans in each, which are new calf every month, and wherein the fait is daily boiled. Every lalt houfeis eftimated at 40,000 rix dollars, fo that the capital of the whole Sulze greatly exceeds the fum of two mil- lion’s of rix dollars. Oi thefe fait- works, one fifth part is the fovereign’s due. The ii.lt trade, however, is muclueduced fince L U P the commencement of thelafl century, yet it {fill chiefly employs the inhabitants. Lunenburg is feated on the river Ilmenau, 36 miles SE. of Hamburg. Lat. 53. 16. N. Ion. 10. 31. E. Lunenburg, a town of Virginia, 50 miles SW. of Richmond; a county of Virginia; a town of New York; and a town of Acadia, in Nova Scotia, fituated on the SE. coaft, 40 miles SW. of Hali- fax. Lunera, a mountain of Italy, be- tween Naples and Puzzoli. It contains a great deal of fulphur and alum, and the l'prings that rife from it are accounted ex? cellent for curing various wounds. Luneville, a town in the dept, of Meurthe, feated in a marfhy country, which has been drained, cn the river Meurthe, near it’s confluence with the Vefouze, 12 miles SE. of Nanci. In the 6th century, it was a county of itfelf, but in the 12th it was united to Lorrain. It’s magnificent caftle, where the dukes of Lorrain formerly kept their court, as did afterwards King Staniflaus, is now con- verted into barracks. Staniflaus founded here a military fchool, a large library, and a fine hofpital. Lungdridge , Northumb. near Tweed - mourh. Lune ford, Hants, S. of Win- chefter. Lungro, a town o f Calabria Citra, chiefly inhabited by Greeks. It is 10 miles SSW. of Caflano. Lungsarp, a town of W. Gothland, 57 miles from Gotheborg. Lungsund, a town of Wermeland, in Sweden, 25 miles NE. of Carllfadt. Luntenburg, a town of Brunn, in Moravia, 36 miles SE. of Brunn. It was taken and burnt by the Pruflian army, in 1 74*. Luntley, Heref. S. of Pembridge. Z#z?- ton, Yorkf. on the Tees, NW. of Rum- baldkirk. Luntz, a town in the archduchy of Aulfria. Lunzenau, a town of Schonburg, Upper Saxony. Lupanna, an ifland in the Adi iatic, fituated near the territory ofRagula, with a good and fafe harbour. The foil is ftony, but rendered fertile by the induftry of the inhabitants, and the coarts abound with fifh. Lupara, a town of Molifo, in Italy, 17 miles NE. of Molifo. Lupo Glavo, a town of Iftria. Luppiat , Upper and Nether , Glopcef. near Stroud. Lapp'd, or Lovepit. Devon f. 3 L U S on the river that comes from Upper Ot- tery. Luppurg, a town of Neuburg, in Bavaria, 16 miles NW. of Ratifbon. Lupton , Devon!', in Brixham parifh. Lupton , Weftmorl. near Kiiby Lonfdale. JLurbottle, Northumberland, SW. of Aln- wick. Lurcy, a town in the dept, of the Allier, 8 miles ENE. of Donjon. Lurcy Levy*, a town in the dept, of the Allier, 9 miles NNE. of Cerilly. Lure, a town in the dept, of Upper Saone, chiefly remarkable for an abbey of BenediClines, converted, in 1764, into a chapter of noble canons. It is fituated near the Ougnon, 30 miles NE. of Befan- $on. Alio a town in the dept, of the Al- lier, 18 miles NW. of Moulins. *Lurgan, a town in Armagh, Ulfier, fituated about two miles from Lough Neagh, of which it commands a beautiful and extenfive profpeCl. The linen manu- facture is carried on here very extenfively, and the country around it is much improv- ed. It is 14 miles NE. of Armagh, and 67 N. of Dublin. Lurganbuy , Leitrim, Connaught. *Lurgan Green, a town in Louth, Leinfter, 37 miles N. of Dublin. Lurgerjhall , Suflex, near Blackdown Beacon. Luri, a town of Corfica, 12 miles N. of Baftia. Lurin, a town of Peru, in the jurif- diCtion of Lima. Lurs, a town in the dept, of the Low- er Alps, 17 miles SW. of Digne. Lury, a town in the dept, of the Cher, fituated on the river Arnon, 14 miles W. of Bourges. Lus, a town in the dept, of the Upper Pyrenees, 3 miles SW. of Bareges. Lus la Croix-haute, a town in the dept, of the Drome, 1 5 miles ESE. of Die. Lusatia, a territory of Germany, about 80 miles long and 40 wide, bounded on the N. by the Mark of Brandenburg} on the E. by Silefia; on the S. by Bohe- mia} and on the W. by Meiffen. It is about 28 leagues long and 15 wide, and is divided into the Upper and Lower. Upper Lufatia abounds in mountains and hills, in which are found mdny boggy and, moorifti traOs. The latter, on the con- trary, has a great number of fine woods; the very great heaths themfelves being provided with it, even to exuberance. In each of thefe marquifates, rye, wheat, barley, and oats, are cultivated; as alfo much buckwheat, together with peas, LUS lentils, beans, and millet. The culture of flax is pretty confulerable, and they make fome white and red wine. The in- habitants of Lufatia enjoy an important means of fubfiftence, in the numerous and good manufactures of linen and woollen (tuff's. Thefe flourifh principally in Up- per Lufatia. The cloth manufactures are theoldeft, having been in vogue, in feve- ral towns, fo early as the 13th century. There are alfo good manufactures of hats, leather, paper, gunpowder, iron, glals, wax bleaching, black and fine dyings, &c* &c. The moft ancient inhabitants of this country were the Semnones, or Senones, a Suabian nation, who inhabited Upper Lu- fatia, but, by their cuftom of wandering, gave place to the Wandalers; and thclc la(t again, by a like expedition, in the 7th century, to theSorber Wends, a Scla- vonian people. At prefent, the towns are almolt wholly peopled with German inha- bitants, but, in the villages, a greater number of Wendfthan Germans is to be met with. The principal rivers are the Spree, the Black Elder, and the Pulfnitz. Upper Lufatia formerly belonged to Bo- hemia. Lower Lufatia, which alone, till the 15th century, was called Lufatia, was erefted into a marquifate, in the year 931, by Henry I. king of Germany. In the middle of the 16th century, they were both ceded to the Elector of Saxony, in confideration of a large fum of money, which the eleCIor had advanced to the em- peror, in his war with the Bohemians, with the fingle condition, that the kings of Bohemia lhould retain the armorial bear- ings. The whole country is now divided between the King of Pruflia and the Elec- tor of Saxony. Lujby , Line. NW. of Spillby. Lujb- comb i Devonfhire, in Rattery pari{h. Lusignan, a town in the dept, of Vienne, feated on the river Vonne, 1 z miles SW. ot Poitiers. Lujk , in Dublin, Leinfter. Lusitz, or Munchbach, a river of Erzgeburg, in Upper Saxony, which pafles through the town of Friburg. Luso, a river of Italy, which rifes in the duchy of Urbino, and, 6rofling part of Romagna, falls into the Adriatic, about 10 miles W. of Rimini. Lussac, a town in the dept, of the Gironde, 6 miles ENE. of Libourne. Lussac les Chateaux, a town in the deptw of the Vienne, 18 miles SE. of Poitiers. Lussac les Eglises, a town in the dept, of Upper Vienne, 33 miles N. of Limoges. Lussan : L U T Lussan, a town in the dept, of the Card, 9 miles N. of UT&z. Luffs, a village of Dumbartonfhire, in Scotland, fituated on the W. fide of Loch Lomond, 10 miles NNW. of Dumbarton. Lus singe, a town in the duchy of Sa- voy, 3 miles WNW. of Bonne. Lujleleigh , Devonf. near the river Bovy, rot far from Bovy Tracey. Lustenfelden, a town in the arch- duchy of Aultria, 2 miles E. of Lints. Lufton, Hereford fhire, NW. of Leo- minfter. Lufton , Somerfetlhire, 2 miles from Yeovil. Lutange, a tpwn in the dept, of the Mofelle, 8 miles SE. of Thionville. Lutaya, one of the fmaller Manilla Iflands, fituated near the Ifland of Panay. Lutenburg, or Luttenberg, a town of Stiria, fituated on the river Stantz, 12 miles E. of Pettau, and 100 nearly S. of Vienna, Lutenberg Ober, a town of Stiria, 3 miles SSW. of Lutenberg. Luthwglatid, Suffolk, by the Lake Lu- thing, nearLeoftoff. Lutkenburg, a town of Holffein, fituated near the Baltic, 30 miles N. of Lubeck. Lutken Dortmund, a town of Mark, in Weffphalia. * Luton, a final], dirty town, of Bed- fordshire, noted for it’s manu failure of Straw hats. In it’s church is a remark- able Gothic font, in form of a hexagon, open at the fides, and terminating in ele- gant tabernacle work. It is pleafamly ft-aterl among hills, cn (he river Lea, 20 miles S. of Bedford, and 31 N. by W. of London. A corn market on Monday. Lutri, a town of SwifTerland, in the Pays de Vand, fituated on the N. coaff of the Lake of Geneva, 2% miles E.uf Lnu- ianne. LtrrscHiNEN, a river of the bailiwick of Interlacken, and canton of Bern, in SwifTerland, formed by the junilion of two ft reams, the one called the Weifs Lutfchi- nen, flowing through the V alley of Lauter- brunnen, and the other called the Schwartz Lutfchinen, which comes from the Valley of G: indelwalde. After having left the fertile plains of Gifteig, and palled the village of Wilderfwyl, the breadth of the valley leffens, and continues to grow fo narrow, that the lfream of the Lutfchinen can hardly force a paffage. In a rainy feafon, the river forms a torrent* which rufhes impetuoufly through the great maffes of rock, that obffruft it’s courfe, and, with inconceivable violence, forces from their beds the molt enormous frag- L U T ments. The road to Zwey Lutfchinen and Lauterbrunnen is over this river, by a kind of bridge, which, to a ftranger to the country, prefents the rnoft terrific ap- pearance. It is fufpended over a roaring torrent, and fixed againrt the fides of rocks } while a huge, vertical ftone, raifed in the middle of the river, fupports fome thick planks, fo badly joined, as to be neither fteady nor folid; and thefe form a wretched, infecure bridge, over which the inhabitants of the country daily pafs, with a firm ftep and undaunted eye 3 a paffage, which the traveller, unaccuftomed to fuch ftrange communications, would tremble to attempt. Lutter, a town of Brunfwick, in Lower Saxony, near which Chriftian IV, king of Denmark, was defeated by the Imperiaiifts, under Count Tilly, in the year 1626; it is 11 miles NW. of Goff- lar. Alfo a river of Weffphalia, which runs into the Aa 2 miles S. of Hervor- den j and a river of Lower Saxony, which runs into the Lachte 12 miles NE. of Zell. Lutterburg, a town of Hanover, formerly a county, apd long governed by it’s own lords. It is 15 miles S. of GofT- lar. Lutterhausen, a town of Holffein, in Lower Saxony, 2 miles from Ham- burgh. Lutteringhauser, a town of Berg, in Weffphalia, 2 miles NE. of Lennep. ^Lutterworth, a town of Leicef- terfhire, containing about 360 houfes and 1620 inhabitants. It's reftor, the famous reformer, John WicklifF, died and was buried here, in the year 1385: but his bones were taken out of his grave, and burnt, 40 years after, by order of the council of Conftance. The pulpit, in .which he preached, is ftill preferved in it’s church. The Roman Watling-ffreet runs on the W. fide of the town. It is fituated on the little river Swift, (into which the bones of WicklifF were thrown, after being burnt) in a fertile foil, and pleafant, open country, 14 miles S. of Leicefter, and 88 NNW. of London. Market on Thurfday.' Lutton, Dorfetf. in Steeple parifh, Pur- beck Ifle. Lutton, Northamptonf. SE. of Oundle. Lutton , E. and W. Yorkf. E. of Mai ton. Luttonborn, Lincolnshire, near Iiolbeach. Luttrell's Town, in Dublin, Leinfter, a romantic fpot near Lucan. Lutzelstejn, or Petite Pierre, a town in the dept, of the Lower Rhine, formerly the capital of a county, which comprehended LUX ' LUX comprehended a tew villages, and fubjeft lifhed To many new diocefes in the Nether* to the tle&or palatine. It is fi mated on lands, it was in agitation to ere6t Luxem- a mountain, defended by a cattle, 24 miles burg into a bilhopric, and to annex the N W. of Stralburg. abbey of Orval to it’s revenues; but at Lutzen, a town of Merlburg, in Up- the earned: felicitation of the nrchbilhop of per Saxony, 10 miles WSW. of L tip fie. Treves,- whole fpiritual jurifdi&ion extend- Near this" place, in the year 1632, was ed over the city, and part of the province fought the famous battle between the of Luxemburg, the dtrfign was laid a fide. Swedes and Imperialilts, in which the for- The river AUitz runs through it, and di- mer remained mailers of the field, but loll vides it into the Upper and Lower Towns ; their great king, Guftavus Adolphus, in tlve former almost furrounded with rocks, the very moment of vi&ory. On the fpot but the Lower (eated on a plain. It is 25 on which he was found dead, nothing but miles SVV. of Treves. Lat. 49. 37. N. a bare ftone has been erected, and which Ion. 6. 17. E. is ftill to be feen there. Luxemburg, The Duchy of, one Lutzenstein, a town in the dept, of of the 17 provinces of t he Netherlands, Lower Rhine, leafed on a mountain, with lies in the centre of the Foreft of Arden - a caftle, 30 miles NW. of Srralburg. nes, W. of the ele&orate of Treves, and Luxborougb , Somerfetf. near Dunfter. S. of the territories of Liege, Limburg, Luxborougb , Eflfcx, in Chigwell patifh, and Juliers. In fome places it is coveted near Woodford Bridge, is a fuperb and wi‘h mountains and woods, but it is, in elegant villa, built by Lord Luxborough, general, fertile in corn and wine, and has about 60 years ago. * a good breed of cattle, and all forts of Luxemburg, (anciently called Lu- game; here are alfo a great number of CIS Burgum, becaufe the fun was ador- Lon mines and founderies for cannon, ed here, as the moon was at Avion, Jupi- which la(t conllitute it’s greateft riches, ter at Carignan, and Mars at Marche tn- It is watered by many fmall rivers, the Famine) a city of the Netherlands, capital principal of which are the Ourt, the Se- / of a duchy of the lame name. The city mois, the Lafs, and the Chiers, which of Luxemburg is fmall, but ftrong, as well dilcharge themfelves into the Meufe, with from it’s (ituation as it’s fortifications, feveral others which flow into the Mofelle. Sigefroy I. count of Luxemburg, built a In the whole duchy, exclufiveof the prin- wall round it in the 10th century. In cipal towm (Luxemburg) are twenty-three 1543, Luxemburg was taken and pillaged other fmaller ones. Charles IV. emperor by the French, commanded by Charles, of the Romans, raifed the county of Lux- duke of Orleans, fecond fon of Francis I. emburg, in 1354, to a duchy, but dying but in the year 1544, Ferdinand de Gou- without heirs, it came by his will to Wen- lagne, retook it for Charles V. after 15 zel, fon to the emperor Charles IV. king days liege. It was again befieged by the of the Romans and Bohemia, who, by way- duke of Guife, in 1559* but he was oblig- of mortgage, ceded to the princefs Eliza- ed to retire when the French were defeated beth, daughter to his brother John, duke at St. Quentin. In 1597, the marquis de of Gorlitz, (who firft married Anthony, Biron attempted to take it by a coup-cie- duke of Burgundy, and afterwards John main, it having only a fmall garrifon, but , of Bavaria) this duchy, in lieu of a dowerv meeting a very obftinate refinance from the of 120,000 Jlhenilh florins, which he had citizens, he was obliged to abandon his promiferi to give her. In 1444, this prin- enterprife. The city continued under the cefs ceded all her right in the duchy of dominion of Spain till 1684, when the Luxemburg to Philip, duke of Burgundy. French,, under the marechal de Crequy, By the peace of the Pyrenees, France ob- came to aflault it, after having bombarded tained the diltri&s and towns of Thion- it in December the preceding year; the ville, Montmedy, Marville, Chevancy, trenches were opened the 8tli of May, and Carignan, and Damvilliers ; and, during on the 4th of June the city furrendered. the prefen t war, the whole (with it’s capi- It was ceded to the French by the treaty tal, which furrendered by capitulation, of Ratilbon, concluded the fame year, who June 7, 1795) has lubmitted to the French very much extended the fortifications ; but republic. by the peace of Ryfwick, in 1697, it was Luxeuil, a town in the dept, of Up- reftored to Spain. It was again taken by per Saone, remarkable for it’s chalybeate the French, in 1701, who ceded it, by the i’prings and warm baths. A great nuaa- barrier treaty, to the States General; but her of urns, medals, and inferiptions bav- in 1715, it was reltored to the emperor, ing been found here, it is fuppofed to In the 1 6th century, when Philip 1 1 , eltab- have been a confiderable place in the time LYE of the Romans. It was deftroyed by At- ti!a in 540. Near the town was a late celebrated abbey, founded by St. Colum- ban, an Irilhman. It is feated at the foot oftheVofges, 15 miles W. ofVefoul. Luxford Lake , Dorfetf. the arm of the fea, which encompafies Pool. Luxton , Somerfetfliire, between Axbridge and Up- hill. Luxulian , Cornwall, W. of Left- withiel. Luz, La, a fea-port town of the Ifland of Canary. Luza, a river of Ruflia, which empties Stfelf into the Dwina at Uftiug. Luzarckes, a town in the dept, of the Seine and Oife, 15 miles N. of Paris. Luzeburg, a town in the circle of Weftphalia, 2 miles NE. of Norden. Luzech, a town in the dept, of Lot, 2 miles WNW. of Cahors. Luzerne, a county of Pennfylvania, So miles long and 61 broad. In J790, It contained 4904 inhabitants. Wilkef- borough is the capital. Luzille, a town in thedept. of Indre, 9 miles S. of Amboife. Luzy, a town in the dept, of Nievre, 17 miles SW. of Antun. Luzzana, a town in the duchy of Mantua, 22 miles S. of Mantua. Luzzara, a town of Mantua, fituated near the confluence of the rivers Po and Croltolo, 16 miles S. of Mantua. It is remarkable for a long and bloody battle fought here, in 1702, between the Impe- rialifts, under Prince Eugene, and the French and Spaniards, commanded by the Duke of Anjou. Both fides claimed the viclory. Luzzi, a town of Calabria Citra. It is lituated near the river Crate, 3 miles S. of Bifignano. Lydd. See Lidd. Lyddam , Sliropf. N. of Rilhop’s Caftle. Lydden , Kent, SE. of Barharn Downs. Lydiate , Lane. SW. of Ormfkirk. Lyd- dington, and it’s Park, Rutland, between Uppingham and Rockingham. Lyddon , a river in Dorfetlhire, which, runs into the Stour near Sturminfter Newton. Lyd- Jing , Kent, near Gravefend. In this vil- lage 600 young Normans, who came over with Allred and Edward, the fons of Ethelred, after the death of Canute, to take p'ofleflron of their father’s throne, were maflacred by Godwin earl of Kent. Lye, Glouc. NW. of Cheltenham. Lye , iuar Worcefter, S. of the Teme. Lye, Surry, near Ryegate. Lye, N. and S. Oxfordf. near Witney, Lyehoufe , Suf- lex, near Bolney. L Y N Lyesse, a town in the department of the North, 15 miles E. of Landrecy. Lyfden , Northamptonf. SW.of Oundle. Lyford, Berks, near Wantage. Lyge, a town of Norway, fituated neat* a lake of the fame name, 16 miles NW. of Chriltianfand. Jygh, Hants, on the borders of Suflex. Lygum, a town in the duchy of Slef- wick, f i4 miles W. of Apenrade. lyham , Northumberl. NE. of Woller. Lylborn , Northamp. NE. of Hilmerton, near Dow Bridge. Lylejhill, Shropfhire, S. of Newport. Lymbergh , Great and Little , Lincolnf. W. of Great Grimfby. Lyme , Chefhire, E. of Warrington. # Lyme Regis, a town of Dorfetlhire, feated in a cavity between two rocky hills, on the river Lyme, which runs through it, at the head of a little inlet, and from which it takes it’s name. It’s har- bour is formed by a noble pier, called the Cobb, behind which fliips lie in fafe- ty 5 and it has a Newfoundland and coafl- ing trade, but greatly on the decline. It is a place of refort for fea-bathing, and is remarkable for the landing of the duke of Monmouth, in 1685, for the execution of his ill-judged defign againft James II. . Lyme is 28 miles E. by S. of Exeter, and 143 W. by S. of London. Market on Friday. Lymfiord, or Lymfurt, a gulf, or large bay near the W. coaft of N. Jut- land, which communicates with the Scag- e gerac, and runs So miles inland, widen- ing gradually, and forming feveral iflands. It is leparated from the North Sea only by a narrow bank. Lyming , Kent, 2 miles S. of Elham. *Lymington, a town of Hampfhire, <•' about a mile from the channel that runs between the main land and the Ifle of Wight, has a harbour for veflels of confi- derable burden. The chief trade is mak- ing fait. It is feated on a high hill, 97 nules SW. of London. Market on Sa- turday. Lymijler, Suflex, near Arundel, l.ym - bridge, Northumberl. on the Coquet, near Harbottle Caflle. Lynch, a town of S. Carolina, ri miles S. of George Town. Lyndals, *a river of Norway, which runs into the Baltic, about 10 miles NNW. of Chriftianfand. Lyndel, Lancaf. near Cartmel. Lynd- holm, or Linham , Yorkf. in a morals, be- low Hatfield. Lyndburji, Hants, in the New Foreft. Here is a feat, which be- longs to the duke of Gloucester, as lord warden L Y N warden of the New Foreft, It is *j miles N. of Lymington . Lyndhurft , Wood, Notf. E. of Mansfield. Lyndon, Rut- land, 4 miles from Stamford. Lyndridge, Kent, between Tunbridge and Rye. Lyndfel , Eflex, SE. of Thaxted. Lyne, rivers in StafFordfhire, Nottinghamshire, and Northumberland. Lyne , a village of Scotland, in the coun- ty of Peebles, fituated at the conflux of the rivers Lyne and Tweed, 3 miles W. of Peebles. Lynemerftoch , Northumbed. in Woller lordfliip. Lynford , Great and Little, Bucks, near Newport Pagnel. Lynher , a river in Cornwall. Lyniel , Shropfliire, NW. of Wem. Lynley, Shropshire, N. of Bilhop’s Caftle. Lynn, a river of Nor- folk, which runs into the Oufe at Lynn Regis. Lynn, a town of Maflachufets, 5 miles NE. of Bolion. Lynn, North, N*orf. at the mouth of the Oul'e. It had formerly a church, called ■St. Edmond's, which has long fince been entirely fwal lowed up by the fea. On the oppofite fide of the river is Lynn, Old, or Weft. *Lynn Regis, or King’s Lynn, a populous and flourishing town of Norfolk. The fituation of this town, near the fall of the Oufe into the Sea, after having re- ceived feveral other rivers, of which Tome are navigable, gives it an opportunity of extending it’s trade into S different coun- ties, by which many confiderable cities and towns, viz. Peterborough, Ely, Stam- ford, Bedford, St. Ive’s, Huntingdon, St. Neot’s, Northampton, Cambridge, St. Edmundfbury, and the N, part of Bucks, as well as. the inland parts of Norfolk and Suffolk, are fuppiied with heavy goods, not only of home produce, as coals and fait from Newcaflie, but alfo of merchan- difeimported fiom abroad, efpecially wine, of which two articles, viz. coals and wine, this is the greateft pert for importation of any place on all the eaftern coaft of Eng- land; and thofe wherein the Lynn mer- chants deal more largely than any town in England, except London, Brilfol, and Newcaflie. In return for this, Lynn re- ceives back all the corn which the coun- ties juft mentioned produce, for exporta- tion ; and therefore fends more of it abroad than any port, except Hull. The foreign trade of the merchants here is very confl- deiable, efpecially to Holland, Norway, 2nd the Baltic, and alio to Spain and Portugal, apd formerly they drove a ' good trade to France, till it was turned ©ft, by treaties on one hand, and p'ohi- L Y O bitions, high duties, See. on the other, Spain and Portugal. The harbour is fafe when fhips are in it, but difficult to enter by tea fon of the many flats and fhoals in the paffage; but they are well buoyed, and good pilots are always ready. It’s air is unwholefome, on account of It’s vicinity to the fens. The ftreefs are nar- row, but well paved, and it has a good market-place, and a noble old town-honfe and exchange. It is 106 miles N. by E. of London. Lat. 52. 45. N. Ion. o. 28. E. Markets on Tuefdayand Saturday. Lynftock CafUe, Cumberl. on the river Eden, NE. of Carlifle. Lynthorp, Yorkf. W. of Bradford. Lynton , Yorkf. E. Rid- ing, N. of York Woulds. Lynton, Yoikf. on the Oufe, SE. of Boroughbridge. Lyn- ton, Yorkf. W. Riding, on the Wherfe, between Bardon Cliace and Kettledale. Lynton , Nonhumberl. NE. of Morpeth- Lynton , Weft, Cumb. on the Leven, W. of Brampton. Lynucood, Hants, in the New Foreft. Lyoe, a ftnall ifland'of Denmark, itt the Baltic, near the S. coaft of Funen. Lyoen a, a town of Algiers, in Africa, 106 miles S. of Conftantina. Lyom, Northumb. NE. of Woller. Lyon, a town of N. Carolina. Lyon, a river of Scotland, which iflues from Loch Lyon, in the part of Perthftiire, and runs into the Tay about 2 miles ENE. of Kenmore. Lyonnefs, Cornwall, part of the pro- montory overflowed at the Land’s End. Lyonnois, a ci-devant province of France, W. of the rivers Saone and Loke, about 30 miles in length and 57 in breadth. It now forms, including the diftrifls of Beaujtlois and Forez, the department of the Rhone and Loire. Lyons is the ca- pital. Lyons, a large, ancient, and famous city, in the dept of Rhone and Loire, the moll confiderable in the kingdom next to Paris, for beauty, commerce, and opu- lence, and is feated at the confluence of the rivers Rhone and Saone, by the fide of two high mountains. It was founded, about the year 42 B. C. by the Romans, who made it the centre of the commerce of the Gauls. About the year 145, it was totally deftroyed by fire, but was re- built by the munificence of Nero. Many antiquities are (till obferved, that evince it’s Roman origin. Lyons was the fee of an archbifhop, and, before it's recent ca- lamities, contained about 160,000 inha- bitants, upward of 30,000 of whom were employed in various martufa&ures, parti- cularly of rich fluffs of the mod exqviifite work in a nth ip. LYO L Y T workmanflilp, in fi Ik, gold, filver, &c. nate city alone were either put to death The quays were adorned with magnificent or forced into exile. It was alfo decreed ffrufiures. The Hotel de Villc vied with by the convention, that the walls and pub- i that of Amfterdam; and the theatre was lie buildings of Lyons fliould be deftroy- not furpaffed by any in France . The other ed, and the name of the city changed to principal public buildings are the Hotel that of ViLLE Affr anchie. In 1794, de Dieiif the hofpital of charity, the tx- however, on the deftruclion of the faciion change, the cuftoin houfe, the palace of ,of the Jacobins, the convention decreed, juftice, the public library, and a well fup- that the city fliould refume it’s ancient plied arfenal. The town houfe, cathe- name, and that meal'ures fliould be taken dial, and many other buildings, - are alfo to reftore it’s manufaflures and commerce, magnificent. The bridge, which unites Lyons is a place of very great trade, which the city with the fuburb de la Guillotiere, is extended not only through France, but is 1560 feet long. The houfes, in ge- to Italy, Swiflferland, and Spain j and there nera), are high and well built; it has 6 are four celebrated fairs every year. It gates and 4 fuburbs, and had, before the derives vaft advantages from the rivers it revolution, 4 abbeys, 50 convents, 3 pub- Hands upon ; and is 70 miles S. by W. of lie fchools, 'a college of phyfic, an academy Geneva, and 220 SE. of Paris. Lat. 45. of arts and fciences and belles lettres, a 46. N, Ion. 4. 55. E. fbciety of agriculture, and a veterinary LyonJhallCaJlle, Cumberl. near Carlifle. fchool. Such was Lyons before the fatal Lypeze, or Lipch, a town of Hun- year 1793, when the mifehiefs of the re- gary, capital of the county of Lypeze. volution were poured upon this devoted Lypiat, Upper and Lower, Gloucefter- city in all their horrors. In June, 1793, fliire, hamlets in the parifh of Stroud, the Lyonefe revolted againft the national Lyse, a townof Norway, 8 miles SSW. convention, and fuftained, with great of Bergen. bravery, an active fiege of two months. Lysekil, a fea-port town of Sweden, General Kellerman, who commanded the in W. Gothland, 16 miles W. of (Jdde- arrr.y of the Alps, was ordered to befiege valla. the city j hut not anfwering to the impa- Lysko, a town of Novogrodeck, in : tience of the convention, he was removed, Lithuania, 52 miles SW. of Novogro- and general Doppet appointed to fucceed deck. him, tawhom the inhabitants, who were Lysobyki, a town of Lublin, in Po- not only unufed to arms, but very ill land, 20 miles NNW. of Lublin, provided with the means of defence, as Lys von, a town of Devonfhire, feated well as the neceiTaries of life, were obliged on the river Lyd, 4 miles from Newport, to furrenderon the 8th of October follow- Market on Saturday, ing. Confiderable Ioffes were fuftained Iyjion Hall, Eflex, SW. of Melford, in by the befiegers, as well as the befieged, Suffolk. in their various a6lions ; a great part of Lyswik, a town of Warmeland, in the city was reduced to aflies, by an in- Sweden, 34 miles N. of Cavlftadt. ceftant bombardment ; and, when taken, : t Lytborrozv, Northamp. between Tow- became a prey to the mercilefs vi£lors, cefter and Daventry. who fatiated their rage by barbarities for Lytcham, a frnall town of Norfolk, ; which language has no name. The mi- between E. Dereham and Caftle Riling, lerable viefirns, who were too numerous It is 24 miles W. of Norwich, and 92 for the individual operation of the guil- NNE. of London. Market difufed. lotine, were driven in great numbers, Lytke, Yorkf. 3 miles from Whitby, with the 1110ft lavage and biafphemous ce- Lytbe, Weftmorl. near Crofthwate. Lythe remonies, into the Rhine, or hurried in Chapel, Suflex, NW. of S ted ham. Ly- crowds to the fquares, to be maffacred by thiun, Lane, in Amcundernefs. Lythum , the more painful operation of fire-arms Yorkf. near N. and S. Cave. Lytton , and artillery. It is fuppofed that not Yorkf. W. Riding, near Langfterdale lefs than 70,000 perfons in this unfortu- Chac£. MABERIA, M A C M A C M ABERTA, a lake of Africa, whcfe waters ran into the Senegal, in Lat. 1.4. 40. N.lon. 7. 40. E. Mabin, Cornwall, SW. of Camel ford. M able thorp, or Mallcrthorp , Line, near the coafe, SE. of Saltfleet, M a b R a, a town on the coaft of Algiers, 10 miles W. of Bcria. Macao, a tovv*n of China, in the pro- vince of Canton, feafed in an ifland at the mouth of the river Tae. The Portu- guefe have been in pofleffion of the town and harbour fince the early part of the 1 7 th* century. The houfes are. low, but built after the fame manner as in Europe. The Portugiiefe on this ifland are proper- ly a mixed breed; having taxen Afiatic women to their wives. Here is a Portu- guefe governor, as well as a Chinefe man- darin. The former nation pays a tribute of 100,000 ducats, for the liberty of chu- fing their own magiflrates, & c. The city is defended by 3 forts, built upon eminen- ces; the works are good, and well planted with artillery. Lat. 22. 13. N. Ion, 113. 51. E. Macao, a town of Portuguefe Eftre- Macas, a town and "jurifdi&ifcn of Quito, S. America, 40 miles E. of Quito. M acassar, or Bo n y. a confiderable kingdom cfAfia, in the /outhern pan of parifo of Knockane. Macarsca, afea-port of Dalmatia, 36 miles E. SE. of Spalatro. *MACCLESFi£t«> a large handfome town of Chefhire, with manufaftuie.j of cotton, mohair, twill, hatbands, burtons, and thread. Here are feveral mills, for' the winding of filk, and a confidefable ma- nufactory of mohair buttons. ' It is (eared at the edge of a fore'r, of the fame name, near the river Bollin, 36 miles E. of Chefter, and 171 NW. of London. Market on Monday. Macedonia, a province of Turkov, bounded by Romania and Bulgaria on the E. the Archipelago and Tlidlaly on the S. Servia and Bulgaria Oh the N. and Albania on the W. The air is dear, (harpy and wholefome, and the foil is for the mofl part, fertile. In the inland part, are feveral uninhabited wafles. Saloniehi is the mofi confiderable town. Macer. See Macres. Mace rata, a town of Ancona, Italy, with an univetfity ; generally confid'cred as the capital ofthe province ; and a town of Lavora, Naples, about 3 miles from Capua, in the road to Naples. Mac hal a, a town of Guaqnil, in Quito, S. America. Mac Gilly Cuddy's ReeJcs, a range of high mountains in Kerry, I\ iu nftcr, in the the ifland of Celebes. In the mountains there are quafries of very fine frone, as well as mines, of gold and copper. The foil 'is extremely fertile, and there are ripe fruits at all times of the year. The Ma- cdlars are flout, robufr, courageous, and addicted to war. 'I'hey are Mahometans by profeffon, and the flattefl-nofed women are accoun ted the greatefl beau- ties. Macassar, a town and harbour on the SW. coaft of the ifland of Celebes, ca- pital of the kingdom of the fame name. The houfesare all of wood, 'and fupported by thick pofts to preferve them from in- undations; and they have ladders to af- ccnd into them, which they draw up ■y/henthe : have entered. The roofs are covered with very large leaves, fo that the rain cannot penetrate. It is feated near the mouth of a large river, which runs through the kingdom from N. to S. The king is m alliance with the Dutch. - Lat. 5. 0. S. Ion. 119. 64. E. M acassar. Straits of, thefea, or narrow channel, between the iflands of Celebes and Borneo. Mach£coul, a town in the depart, of Lower Loire, 18 miles SW. of Nantes. Mac hi a, a town of Molifo, and a town of Capitanata ; both in Naples. Machian , one of the Molucca Iflands, in the Eaflern Indian Ocean, near the W. coaft of Gilolo. It is about 20 miles in circumference, and the mofl: fertile of them all. It is populous, and produces the bed; cloves and fago. The Dutch have three forts, with companies of folders- to guard the ifland. Lat. 0.26.N. Ion. 126. 55. E. Machinleth, a town of Montgo- meryfhire, feated on the river Douay, over which is a large done bridge which leads into Merionethlhire. Here Owen Glen- dour,' in 1402, accepted the crown of Wales, and affembled a parliament < the houfe wherein they met is now flaming, divided into tenements. It is 30 miles W. o'f Montgomery, and 198 NW of London. Market on Monday. Macke ran, or Mackran, a pro- vince of Perfia, bounded on the N. by Segcflan and Candahar, on the E. by Hinuooflan, on the S. by the ocean, and on the W. by Kerman- The fom horn F f part Printed by J, D. DEWICK 2 so, AMflrsgsite Street. M A D M A D part is little more than a de.fart for 60 leagues together. 1 n the northern parts wa- ter is fcarce, and deep and moving lands often ftop and fometimes overwhelm tra- vellers in their journey. It is the G’edro- fia of the ancients. Kidge is the capital. Mackworth , near Derby. M aclom/, in Cork, Manlier- Macoco. See Anrico. M a 9 a n, or M a s c o n s , a tra di ng town in the dept, of Soane and Loire, formerly capital of the Maconnors. It is feated near the Saone, 35 miles N. of Lyons, and 188 SE. of Paris. Macreddin, in Wicklow, Lcinitcr. Macr.es, a river of Africa, which runs acrols the kingdom of Tripoli, and falls into the Mediterranean, 20 miles E. of Lebida. Maori, an ancient town of Samos. Macro nisi, an iiland of the Archipe- lago, near the coaft of Livadia, anciently very populous, hut now deferted. It af- ford.' an habitation for lizards and other reptiles, and in the internal parts are found a number of rare plants. It is £0 miles K. of Setines. M a c r o o m P, a town of Cork, in Man- lier, where many perfons are employed in combing wool and fpinning yarn. Some Lit works have been eredled here. Half a mile from the town there is a mild chaly- beate fpa. It is lituated in the barony of Mulberry, 142 miles SW . of Dublin. Macu \ a, one of the Navigators ’Hands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, where M. dela Fevrouie met with his firit fatal accident, M. de Langle, 1ns captain of the Aftro- labe, with 8 'officers and 5 feamen, being inaflacred by the natives. Lat. 14. 19-' S. Ion. 169- W. Maczba, afmall ifland.in the Red Sea. Madagascar, an iiland lying on the eaitern coait of Africa, about 800 miles in length, and from 120 to 200 in breadth. The inhabitants in the interior are black. Their hair is long and curled, at leaft on the coafts ; and there are Home likewile of a yeliowilh complexion, who have neater features than the reft. The iiland is un- even and hilly, but the face of the coun- try is one of the moit agreeable in the world. It is extremely populous; yet they have no cities or towns, but a great number of villages, afmall diilauce from each other. Their houfes are huts, with doors io low, that a boy of 12 years old cannot enter them without Hooping. M iiey have neither windows nor chim- neys, and the roofs are covered with reeds or leaves. Their furniture coniifts of a lew baikeG, to put their nccefiiiries in, and they can change their habitations when they pleafe. There arc a great ' many petty kings, v.hofe riches confift- in cattle and Haves, and they are often at war with each other. Great quantities of iron and Heel are found throughout the iiland; as alfo three forts of gold. The rivers and brooks are rich in various kinds of precious Hones. The productions of the itiand, are the raven , a kind of palm- tree known only in Madagascar, the top of which is prepared and eaten like the cabbage palm, and of the ribs of its leaves, they form the walls of their houfes ; rice, barley, fugar-canes, white pepper, gin- ger, cocoa-nuts, grapes, faff’ron, Several kinds of gums, five different kinds of honey, and a variety of plants unknown to Europeans. Buffaloes run in herds, and there are great numbers of ihcep, whole mutton is finely tafted, as well as goats, kids, and other kinds of ufeful quadruped animals, but neither elephants, tygers, lions, nor liorfes. Large croco- diles, monkeys, wild boars, cameleons, lizards, locuits, infedts, birds, and filh, are numerous. The chief employment of the inhabitants is in building, in gold and iron works, making of earthenware, fpin- ning, weaving, cordage, fiffiing, hunting, and moffly in agriculture. The language has 1 a great affinity with the Arabic, the Arabs having made a conqueff of the iiland about 300 years ago. The French have frequently attempted to fettle here, but have always been driven hence. Lat. from 12. 0. to 25. 30. S. Madam's Court Hill, in Kent, 19 miles from London, in the road to Sevenoaks. It commands a beautiful profpedt of Kent and Suffcx. Madam's Cozed, Kent, a hill near Maidffone. Maddenton , W ilts, 9 miles from Saliibury. Madeira, an ifiand of the Atlantic Ocean, principal uf a group called the Madeiras, and fubjedl to the Portuguefe. The climate is more temperate than in the Canaries, and the foil more fertile, in wine, fugar, fruits. See. but lefs fo in corn,though infinitely better watered with fprings and rivers. Spring and autumu reign here together, and produce flowers and fruit throughout the year. It abounds in every kind of tropical and European fruits ; as oranges of all forts and diinen- fions, lemons of a prodigious fize, bana- nas, citrons, peaches, nediarines, apricots, figs, plums, melons, apples, and flrawber- 1 rics, that grow wild in the mountains with aft on. flung profufion ; grapes which are as large as our common plums, and re- markable for their peculiar flavour. The oranges M A D M A D •ranges are of a fang nine red : this fpe- cies is produced from the common orange- bud, ingrafted on the pomegranate flock. There is likewife a kind of pear found here, not bigger than a walnut, and very crifp. The fugar-cane alfo is culti- vated with fuccefs, though not in any confiderable quantity. The cedar tree is found in great abundance : it is ex- tremely "beautiful : moft of the ceilings and furniture at Madeira are made of that wood, which yields a very fragrant fmell. The dragon tree is a native of this ifland, as are alfo maftic and other gums. Flow- ers nurfed in the Englilh greenhoufes grow wild here in the fields ; the hedges are mofrly formed of myrtles, rofes, jeflamine, and honeyfuckle in everlafting blofiom, while the larkfpur, the fleur-de-lis, the lupine, &c. fpring up fpontaneouflyin the meadows. There are very few reptiles to befeen in the ifland} the lizard is the moft common. Canary birds and gold- finches are found in the mountains} of the former, numbers are fent every year to England. But Madeira is principally celebrated for its excellent wine, which, moreover, keeps beft in the hotteft climate under the torrid zone. For this reafon the inhabitants of the W. India Iflands, that can afford it, drink little elfe ; and the Madeira wine that is brought to England, is thought to be worth little, unlefs it has firft been a voyage to the E. or W. Indies. Thefe wines are of dif- ferent kinds, different both in tatie, colour, «and ftrength. The exports of this article, and the profits on it are immenfe, and bring a large revenue to the king of Por- tugal. In Madeira are made the fineft fweetmeats in the world; ail kinds of fruits being here candied in the moft ex- quifite perfection. Madeira is well wa- tered and peopled ; the inhabitants are good-natured, fober, frugal, and indo- lent. Funchal is the capital of this ifland, which is about 150 miles in circumfe- rence, and lies in 16 deg. W. Ion. and S3 deg. N. lat. Madeley, a town of Shropfhire, fitu- ated near the iron bridge in Colebrook Dale, 8 miles NNW. of Bridgnorth,, and 147 NW. of London. Madeley , Staff’. SW. of Newcaftle-un- der-Line. Madeley Alphore , Staff, near Uttoxeter. Maden House, Line. NW. of Sleaford. Maden Load,C&mb. in t’eTfle of Ely, between Welney and Hclgey. Madern , Cornwall, N of Penzance. Madersjield , Worcefterfhire, near Great Malvern. Mad Fens , Northumberland, between the Pidts Wail aud Kirkhcatoa. Ma dia, Maggia, or Meynthal, <2 long and narrow valley of Swiflerland, on the confines of the Milanefe and the Up- per Valais, containing 22 parifhes, and about 24,000 inhabitants. It is watered throughout its whole length by a river of the fame name, w r hich runs into Lake Major at Locarno, and is the fourth bai- liwick of the Swifs in Italy. There is a town of the fame name, feated on the river. Madingley , 3 miles from Cambridge. Madley , SYV. of Hereford. Madras, or Fort St. George, call- ed by the natives China-patam, a fort and town of the peninfula of Hindooftan, * on the coaft of Coromandel, built in the reign of Charles II. by order of the Englilh Eaft India Company, under the fuperin- tendance of Sir William Langhorne; fome writers, however, afiert, that it was firft fettled in 1640, and afterwards en- larged in the reign of Charles II. It is the principal fettlement of the Englilh, on the E. fide of the peninfula, and is a fortrefs of very great extent, including within it a regular well-built city. It is clofe on the margin of the fea, from which it has a rich and beautiful appear- ance; the houfes being covered with a ftucco called chunam, which in itfelf is nearly as compadl as the fineft marble, and, as it bears as high a polilh, is equally fplendid with that elegant material. They confift of long colonnades, with open porticoes, and flat roofs ; and they may be conlidered as elegant, particularly fo, from being finilked with fuch a beautiful material as the chunam ; and the city con- tains many handfome andfpacious ftreets. But the inner apartments of the houfes are not highly decorated, prefenting to the eye only white walls; which, how- ever, from the marble-like appearance of the ftucco, give a freflmefs grateful in ft hot a country. Ceilings are very uncom- mon in the rooms. Indeed it is inpoffi- ble to find any which will refift the /avar ges of that deftrudlive infe£I, the white ant. Thefe animals are chiefly formida- ble from the immenfity of their numbers, which are fuch as to deftroy, in one night’s time, a ceiling of any dimenfions. It is the wood work which lerves for the balis of the ceilings, fuch as the laths, beams. Sec. that thefe infers attack. “ The approach to Madras, from the fea,’* fays Mr. Hodges, (< offers to the eye an appearance fimilar to what we may con- ceive of a Grecian city in the a^e of Alex- ander. The clear, blue, cloudlefs iky, the poliihed, white buildings, the bright F f 2 fanU M A D fandy beach, and the dark green fea, pre- fen t a combination totally new to the eye of an Engldhman, jult arrived from London, who, accuftomed to the fight of rolling mafies of clouds floating in a damp atmofphere, cannot but contemplate the difference with delight: and the eye being thus gratified, the mind aft tunes a gay and trranquil habit, analogous to the pleafingobjedfs with which it is furround- ed. Some time before the {hip arrives at her anchoring ground, fhe is hailed by the boats of the country, filled with peo- ple of buiinefs, who come in crowds on board. This is the moment in which an European feels the great difti notion be- tween Afia and his own country. The fu filing of fine linen, and the general hum of unufual converfation, prefents to his mind for a moment the idea of an af- fombly of females. When he afeends upon the deck, he is (truck with the long muffin drefl'es, and black faces adorned with ver-y large gold ear-rings and white turbans. The firft falutation he receives from thefc Grangers is, by bending their bodies very low, touching the deck with the hack of t|ie hand, and the forehead three times. The natives firft feen in India by an European voyager, are Hin- doos, the original inhabitants of the pe- ni-nfula. In this part of India they are delicately framed ; their hands, in parti- cular, are more like thofe of tender fe- males; and do not appear to be, what is cbnfidereda proper proportion to the reft of the perfon, which is nfually above the middle fize. Conefpondent to this delicacy of appearance are their man- ners; mild, tranquil, and feduloully at- tentive; in this laft refpeft they arc in- deed'remarkable, as they never interrupt any perfon -who is fpeaking, but wait pa- tently til! he has concluded; and then in Ever with the. moftperfeef refpeet and comp of are. From the (hip a ftranger is conveyed on lhore in a boat of ' the Coun- try, called a Maffoolah boat ; a work of furious conftrudfion, and well calculated to elude the violent Ihccks of the furf, that breaks here with great violence: they arc Termed without a keel, fiat- bot- tomed, with the fides railed, high, mad fewecl together with the fibres of the co- coa-taut tree, and caulked with the fame material: they are remarkably light, and are managed with grcsatdexjterity by the natives; they arc ufually attended by two kattamarans, (rafts, paddled by one man each, the intention of which is, that, fhould the boat be overfet by tiie violence fcf the furf, the perfons in it may be pro- MAD ferved. The boat is driven, as- the Tail or# fay, high and dry; and the pafiengers- are landed on a fine fandy beach, and im- mediately enter the fort of Madras. The appearance of the natives is exceedingly varied ; fome are wholly naked, and others fo clothed, that nothing but the face and neck are to be difeovered: befide this, the- European is ftruck with many other ob- . jects, fuch as women carried on men’s Ihoulders on palankeens, and men riding on horfeback, clothed in linen drefl'es like women ; which, with the very different face of the country from all he had ever feen, or conceived of, excite the ftrangeft emotions of furprife.” T here is a fecond city, called the Black T own, nearly 4 miles in circuit, fepa rated, from Madras by the breadth of a proper efplanade only. Madras, in common with all the European fettlements on this coaft, has no port for | (hipping; the coaft forming nearly a ftraight line; and it is incommoded alfo with a high and dangerous furf. The ; citadel here, which was planned bv Mr. Hobins, and is.fituated in the middle of the VV bite, or EnglTfh Town, is one of the ' beft fortrefles in pofl'effion of the Britilh nation. The town is alfo encompafled ! with a ftrong wall, of the fame ftone with j which the citadel is built, defended by 1 batteries, baftions, half-moons, and flank- ers; the whole mounted with upwards of 200 pieces of cannon and mortars. Op- - pofite the weft gate of the citadel are bar- ! racks, and a convenient hofpital for the i company’s loldiers, and at the other end ! of the barracks is a mint, where the com* l pany coin gold and filver. Madras was «' firft fettled bv the Englifh, in 1640, and 1 greatly enlarged in the reign of Charles if. it was taken by the French in 1746, but reftored by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Lat. 13. 5. N. Ion. 80. 25. E. Mad re de Dios, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, near the. coaft of Patagonia, ' 60 leagues in circumference. Lat. 51. S. Ion. 77. W. Mad re de Pop a, a town and cele-. hrated convent of S. America, in Terra Firrna, feateden the river Grande, 50 miles : E. of Carthagenn’. It is alinoft as much reforted to hy pilgrims of America, as the Santa Cafa or Holy Roufe of Loretto is in Europe ; and they pretend that the image of Mary, the' mother of Jeius, hns done a great many miracles in favour of j the fleets and feafaring people. M.idresfidd , Worccfterlhire, N. of Mal- vern - Chore. Madrid, the capital of Spain, in New Caftilc, fituated ou the Manzanures, the banks M A D banks of which, in the environs, afford an i agreeable ihade, coolncfs, and verdure- ft was formerly an ohfeure place, belonging to the archbifhop of Toledo, but tlTe purity of the air engaged Charles V. and his fucceflbrs, to chafe it for their refidence. It is leated in a large plain, l'urrounded by high mountains, ' but has no wall, ram- part, or ditch. The houfes are all built with brick, and the ftreets are long, broad, and ftraight, and adorned at proper dis- tances with handfome fountains* There are above 100 towers or lfeeples, in dif- ferent places, which contribute greatly to the embellilhment of the city. The royal palace is built on an eminence, at the ex- tremity of the c : ty- The fineft Square in Madrid, is the Piaca Mayor, which is Spa- cious and regular, Surrounded with 136 houfes, five ftories high, and of an equal height. Every Stage is adorned with a handfome balcony, and the fronts are Sup- ported by columns, forming a piazza round the Square. Here the market is held, and here they had their famous bull- fights. However, it is obfervablc, that the very fineft houfes have no glaft-w in- do ws, they being only lattices. The Prado, which is the public airing place, is Ihade d with regular rows of poplar trees, and is watered with 23 fountains. Here the llately Spaniards make the molt brilliant difplay of their finery. Ph lip 11. built a large and magnificent bridge over the river, which river being exceedingly fin ill, has occafioned a great many jokes. The city of Madrid contains 15 gates,. 18 parilhes, 35 convents of monks, and 31 of nuns, 39 colleges, hofpitals, oi houfes of charity, 739b dwelling houfes, and about 160,000 inhabitants. There are four academies in Madrid : the Academy of Belles Lettres; the Academy of Spanifh Hiftorical Monuments; the Academy of the fine Arts, painting, fculpture, and ar- chitecture; and the Academy of Medi- cine; which laft is held in no great efteem. Eat. 40- 25. N. Ion. 3. J30. W. . Madrid Ne vv, a town of N. A merica, in Louifiana, intended as the capital of a new fettlcment. It is likely to become the great emporium of the wefiern coun- try, as the immenfe quantities of produce that will be borne down the Illinois, the Miffifiipi, the Ohio, and their various branches will naturally centre here. It is fi turned on the weflern fide of the river Miffifiipi, 1040 miles from the mouth, and pppofite the mouth of the river Ohio. Eat. 30. 36. N. Ion. 89. 60. W. Madrigal, two towns in Old Caftile ; |h'- latter is 30 mfe S. of Valladolid. M A E Madrigal, a town of Popayan. Madrogam, or Ban anatapa, a large town of Africa, capital of Mono- motapa, with a fpacious palace, where the king refides. 'Phe upper part of the houfes are in the ftiape of bells. Lat. 18. 0. S. Ion. 31. 40. E. Madura, a town of Hindoofian, capi- tal of a province of the fame name, about 60 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. It is fortified with fquare towers and pa- rapets, well furnifhed with cannon, and is fituated on the coal! of Coromandel, 80 miles SSW. of Tan j ore. Lat. 9. 55. N. Ion. 78. 12. E. Madura, an ifiand in the Eaftern In- dian Ocean, about 75 miles in length, and from 9 to 15 in breadth. Two provinces arc under the Dutch; the third is govern- ed by a native king. It is exceedingly fertile in rice, for which article it ;s one of the granaries of India. Madura, the capi- tal, is fituated on the S. coaft, in lat. 7 . 5, S. Ion. 1 12. *49. E. Maeler, a beautiful lake of Sweden, fituated between the provinces of Wcll- manland and Sudennanland, and commu- nicating with Stockholm. it is faid to contain 120 illands, great and fmall. Its length is about 80 miles from E. to W. the breadth is various. Maella, a fmall town of Arragon. Maelstrand. See Marstrand. Maelstrom, a very extraordinary and dangerous whirlpool on the coaft of Nor- way in lat. 68 deg. N. Of the fituation of this whirlpool we have the following account from Jonas Ramus: “The moun tain of Helfeggen, in Lofoden, lies a league from the ifiand Ver, and betwixt thefe two, runs that large and dreadful ftream, called Mofkoeftrcin, from the ifiand Molkoe, which is in the middle of it, to- gether with fevctal circumjacent ifies, as Ambaaren, half a quarter of a league northward, Ifiefen, Iloeliolm, Kiefilholm, Su.arven, and Buckholm. Molkoe lies about half a quarter of a mile fouth of the Ifiand of Ver, and betwixt them, thefe f mall -ifiand s, Otterholm, Hinicm, Sand- ftefen, and Stockholm. Betwixt Lofoden and Mofkoe, the depth of the water is be- tween 36 and 40 fathoms; but on the other fide, toward Ver, the depth decreafes fo as n >t to afford a convenient paliage for agcflel, without the rifk of fp! it ting- on t lie rocks, which happens even in the cn, a river in Water ford, Munfter, which runs into the fea, 11 miles E. of. Dun gar van. ivlAKRAf TAS, the name of two large Bates of India, which derive their name from Mafliat, an’ ancient province of the Deccan. They are called the Poonah, or VV of tern Ma^rattas; and the Berar, or Eafterh. Collectively, they occupy all the fouthern part of Hindoo Ian Proper, with a large proportion of the Deccan. Malwa, Canueifh, Vdiapour, and part of Orilla ; .the price pal parts of Berar, Guzerat, and Ag.inejv ; and a fmall part of Dowlata- had, .Agra, and / ft habad, are ccinprifed within their extenfjve empire, which ex- tends nearly from fea to lea, acrofs the wideft part of the peninfula; and from the confines of Agra northward to the river iviftna fouthward; forming a tract: of about 100i miles long and 700 broad, *1 be weftern Bate, the capital of which is Poonah, is divided among a number of chiefs, or princes, whofe obedience to the paifhwah, or head, like that of the German ‘ princes to the emperor, is merely nomi- i nal -atony time; and, in fome cafes, an opposition of interefts begets wars, not only between tire members of the empire themfelves, but alfo between the mem- bers and the head. Na. pour is the ca- pital of the eaftern Mahrattas. Both thefe ftates, whh the Nizam of the Dcccan, were in alliance with the Englifh /aft India Company, n the (ate war againft Tippoo tr an, from whofe. territories, on the termination of the war, they gained fome confiderable acquifitions. Maiden Bowei , Be Ifordi. a very large Dan Hi camp of a circular form, furround- ed with a great rampart and ditch; near Dun -h ole. Maiden- Bradley, Wilts, 5 miles from F'rorne ana Vv ar mi niter. Maiden Castle, Dorf. a Homan encampment in the partfh of . Winterhorn, .St- Martin, the largefl and moft compleat of any in the W. of England, and the lummer ftaiion of the Durctri .es garrifon It confifts of a treble ditch anti rampart, the inner ones very deep and high. The form is oval, with two entrances, the one on the E. the other on the W. The ends of the rampaits lap over each other, fo as to make the entrances winding and intricate. r i he whole area is 30 acres, and. including all the ramparts and ditches, makes 1.20 acres. Near the S. entrance is the mouth of a cave, form- ed by art, the \V. divifion of which could contain 1800 men; its ufe is unknown. Maiden- Cross, Fierts. near Hitchin. * Maidenhead, antiently, South Ealington. a town of iierkihire, feat- ed on the river Thames, on the great weftern road, carrying on a great trade in mait, meal, and timber, in their barges to London, it is 12 miles E. by N. of Reading, and 26 W. of London. Mar- ket on Wednelday. Maiden-heath, Lane, near Blackburn- IVipUDEN NTwTON,atown ofDorfetf. 3 miles NVV . of Frainpton. Market dif- ufed. Maiden-Oak, Suffex, near the road from Petersfield to London. Maiden-Hay , extends from Maiden Caltle, on Stammore, York, N. Riding, by Kirby Tliore, in W eltmoreland, and Whitley, to Baer Voran in Northumber- land, palling by a chain of ltations of the Romans. It is near fix yards wide ; the ikies are formed by lines of very large pebbles, and where the road lies down M A I fteep defcents, the pavement is formed of fttt, thin front‘d placed on their edges, and laid tranfverfely. Maidens, or 'AH lilldns, rocks fo called between the mouths of Larne and Gle- narm Bays, in Down, Lifter. Maidjord , Nortliamp. NW. of Tow- pefter. Maidimrsy buflex, NV» . of Arundel. Muidsmorton , N. of Buck- ingham. *M aid stone, a coniiderable borough of Kent, which contains above 6000 in- habitants. it is a large place, confining of 4 principal ftreets, which inter fed! each other at the market croft, with a jail and county-hall. In the ancient Britons’ time, it was reckoned their third chief city, having been a Ration of the Homans. By means of the Medway, it - enjoys a brifk trade in exporting timber, flour, apples, nuts, and other commodi- ties .of toe county, particularly hops, of which there are numerous plantations around it, as well as orchards of cherries. Here are like wife fome capital paper-mills, and a manufactory oflinen thread, origi- nally introduced by the Idem mgs. The tide flows quite up to the town, and brings up barges of 50 or 60 tons. It is heated on the river Medway, a branch of which runs through, the town, in a very plentiful county, j miles S. of Rochefter, 20 W. of Canterbury, and 35 SL. Oy E. of London. Market on Thurfday, and another market on the fecond i uelciay in every month, Mai dwell, Line, near Bur well. Maid-- uadi, iSorthamptomh. near Harborough Males, duilex, near Selmfton. Maillezais, a town in the dept, of Vendee, 6 miles S. of Fontenay. Mai i)i head, Devon!. VV . of Exmouth. Main, a province of North America, which belongs to the ftate of Mafiachu- fetts. it is about 180 miles in length, and 110 in breadth, and is bounded on the N and NVV . by Canada on tee NE. by New Brunfwickj on the SE. by the Atlantic Ocean; and on the W. by Vermont and and New 5 iampfhire. Jt is divided into three countie, s. Lincoln, which is the pafternmoft, Cumberland, and York. Portland is the county town of Cumber- land, and capital of the whole territory. The heat in lummer is intenfe, and the cold m winter equally extreme: all the frefh water takes, ponds, and rivers are ufually paiiable on ice for near three months in the winter- The climate is very healthful ; many of the inhabitants living 00 years, their prefeny number is about 100,000. M A I Maim a, a country in the. Morea, ly- ing between two chains of mountains, which advance into the fea. The inha- bitants were- -never yet fubdued by the luHts. They maintain their indepen- dence in the fafmefs of their mountains, and traffick in Haves, which they take in- differently from the Turks and the Chrif- tlans. They, have a harbour and a town of the fame name, 30 miles SVV. of Mi- ll tin. Midn-Braad, Dorfetlhire, 3 miles N. of Owen- Main. Maine, a river of -Germany, which rifes in the marquifate of Culmbach, on the confines of Bohemia, and running weft ward, falls into the Rhine, a little above Menu. It runs by Bamberg, Wirtzberg, Afchaffenburg, Hanaui and Franc fort. Maine, a ci-devmu divifion of France, now principally forming the department of the Mayenne and barte. Mainland, Orkney, or Pomona, the principal ot the Orkney Jfiands,. is 24 miles long and 9 broad. 'The gene- ral appearance of the country is not v vy different from the Mainland of Shetland. The foil, however, is more utile, and, in fome parts, better cultivated. Kirkwall is the capital. See 0$ cades. Mainland, the principal of the Shet- land files, is 60 miles long from N. to S. its breadth, which varies greatly, feluora exceeds 6 miles. The face of the count- try exhibits a profpeef of black, craggy mountains, and marTy plains, interfper- fed with fome verdant fpots, which ap- pear frnooth and fertile. Neither tree nor fhrub is to be feen, except the jumped arid the heath. '1 'lie mountains abound with various kinds of game. Lofty cliffs, impending over the ocean, are the haunts of eagles, faicons, an:: ravens. Flic deep, caverns underneath flicker foils and otters ; and to the windings bays, refort t he fvvans, geefe, Yeans, and other aquatic birds. The fcas abound wdh fifin, fuch as the cod, turbot, and haddock j but. particu- larly, at certain fcaions,' with ftioals of herrings of incredible extent ; and they are v 'diced, at the fame time, by whales, and other voracious fifties. Lobliers, oylters, mufcles, -Ac. are alfo plentiful, l he hills are covered with flicep of iv fmali breed, and of alhaggy appearnn a* x but tlieir fleece is commonly very iok H and often extremely tine. From - t heir- wool, {lockings' of Rich a fine texture have been made, that, although of a large’ fizc, a parr was capable of pallin ', through a common gold ring. 1 heir fiorfes are «€■ M A K M A L ©f a diminutive fize, but remarkably ftrong and hantH'ome, and are well known by the name of Shclties, from the name 40 f the country. Many rivulets, and confidcrable lakes, abound with falmon, trout. Sec. A mine of copper* and ano- ther of iron, have lately been opened near the S. extremity of this illand. They are in the hands of the Anglefey Compa- ny, and are faid to be extremely produc- tive. There is an iriexhauftible ftore of peal, 'but no coal. Lerwick is the ca- pital. Mainlatv, North umb. in the barony of Wark. Main Little , or Frier , Dorfetfli. Mains , Lancaf. in Amoundemefs. Maintenon, a town in the dept- of Eure and Loire, feated on the river Eure, 9 .miles N. of Chartres. Mainungen, a town of Flenneburg, Franconia. Majorca, an illand belonging to Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea, between Ivi :a and Minorca, the lar y eft of thole an- ciently called Balearcs , about 50 miles in length and 35 in breadth. It is moun- tainous in the N. and W. parts, but fer- tile, producing corn, oil, honey, laftron, cattle, filh, rabbits, partridges, deer, ild fowl, horfes, See. The whole illand ii encompafied with watch towers. It is temperate and wholefomc , but the cx- ceffive . heat frequently occaftons a fcar- city. It has no conliderable rivers, though there are a great many fine fountains and ■veils, and fcveral good harbours. The inhabitants are robuft, lively, and good iailors. The capital, Majorca, anciently Palm a, is a large 3 nd rich town, lituated in a bay on the SW. coaft of the illand, with a good har- bour. It has large and broad Itreets, fpa- *cious fquares, ftately ftone houfes, built in the antique manner, a large and magni- ficent cathedral, and 22 churches, b elides chapels and oratories. The inhabitants are computed at 10^000. The univ'erfity is more ancient than celebrated. Lat. 39. 34. N. Ion. 2. 25. E. Maxre, Le, a llrait of S. America, lying between Staten Land and Terra del Fuego, lo called from the navigator, who discovered it in 1316. Lat. 55. 0. S. Maize Hill, Kent, in Eaft Greenwich. Maismore near Glouceftcr. M ux 2 . nt, St. a town in the depart- ment. of the Two Sevres, trading in corn, ftookings and woollen Hulls, uo miles SW. of ro infers ; and a town in the de- partment of the Sarte, feated on the Scure- M nicely, Derh. E. oflttoxeter. Make - vey, N. of Derby. Maker. Dcyonf. above Hamoaze, on a hill between Mount Edgecomb and Ram-Ilead. Makestock- Casile, Warvv. E. of Colelhill. MaKRAN. SeeMACKERAN. Malabar, the name of the weftern coaft of tire peniniula of Hindooftan, ex- tending from Cape Comorin to about 100 miles S. of Goa. ^ Malacca, called by the ancients the Golden Ckersonnesus, a large pe- ninfula in Alia, bounded on the N. by Siam ; and on all other Tides by the ocean ; about 500 miles in length, and from 60 to 150 in breadth. It produces few com- modities for trade, except tin and ele- phant’s teeth ; but there arc a great many excellent fruits and roots, which yield good refrelhment for ltrangers that call here. The pine-apple is the beft in the world, and the manjoftain is a delicious fruit, in the Ihape of an apple, whofe Ikin is thick and red. The ramboitan is of the lize of a walnut, with a very agree- able pulp; and the durian, though it lias not a plea hint fmell, yet has a very deli- cious tafte. They have plenty of cocoa nuts, whofe Hulls will hold an Englilh quart; befide lemons, oranges, limes, iugar-canes, and mangoes. There is but little corn, and fheep and bullocks are fcarce; but pork, poultry, and filh are pretty plentiful. The religion of the natives is a mixture of Mahometanifm. Their language is peculiarly foft, and is as common in the Indies as the French is in Europe, being very cafily acquired, be- caufe it has no inflections either in nouns or verbs. The interior inhabi- tants, who are, for the molt part, fa- . vages, have abandoned themfelves, with defperation, to the moii: ferocious habits, taking delight in doing mifehief to their neighbours. The Dutch have been matters of t’^ie town of Malacca, lituated on the SW.- coaft, ftnee 1640, when they took it from the Portuguefe, after a ftx months fiege. While in pofteiTion of the latter, it was famous all over India and Europe, being, after Goa and Ormuz, by far the richeft city in the Indies, and a great market for all the different commo-^ dities produced in Japan, China, Formofn, Tonquin, Cochin-China, Giam, Lucon, Amboyna, Sec. During the pivfent war, it has been attacked and taken by the Englilh, and is now in their poilellion. Lat 2. 11. N. Ion. 101. 11. E. M alacca, Strait of, the narrow fea between the Illand of Sumatra and the SW. coaft of Malacca. Maladar, Cornwall, N. of Grampound, Malaga, a cypiiderabie fea- port of Granada*. M A L Granada, with a good harbour, built by the Phenicians, who called it M alack a, fc- veral centuries before Chrift. Strabo fpeaks of it as a Carthaginian colony, very com- mercial and famous for its fa! ted pro- viftons. The inhabitants export to the amount of two millions and a half of piaflrcs, in wines, brandy, fruits, fumach, pickled anchovies, oil, See. and only im- -port to about one million and a halfj Malaga, however, has little navigation of its own, the (hips which arrive there being chiefly Englifh and Dutch. It is fcated on the Mediterranean, 15 miles S. of Cordova, and 235 S. of Madrid. Lat. 56. 44 N. Ion. 4. 25. W. Malahide, a town and bay of Dub- lin, 6 miles from the metropolis. A cotton manufacture is eftablifhed here, the works of which arc carried on by water. Malamoco, a fmall ifland and fea- port of Italy, in the Laguncs of Venice, 5 miles S. of that city. Malatiah, a town of Aladulla, in Turkey and A fia, the refklence of a Ja- cobite and Neftorian bifliop. It is fituated on the W. fide of the Euphrates, 90 miles WNW. jof Diarbekir. Malbay, a confiderable bay on the coafl: of Clare, in Ulfter, extending from Hog’s Head to Ballard’s Point. Malbofough , Devonf. on the coafl, between Salcomb and Hope Key. Malchanger, SE. of Kingfclere. Malchin, a town of Mecklenburg, Lower Saxony, fituated on the Cummer Lake, where it receives the river Peene, 20 miles E. of Guftrow. Mulchway , a river in Radnorf. which runs into the Wye, near Llanflevan. Malden , Kent, in Sheppey Ifle. Malden , Surry, 5 miles from Kingflon. Malden, anciently Camelodu- num, a populous town of Eflex, the firlt Roman colony in Britain, and the feat of fome of the old Britifh kings, fituated near the confluence cf the Chel- mer with the Blackwater. Veflels of 400 tons burden come up to the haven to un- load ; the colliers, however, lie in deep water below the town, and the coals are fetched up in lighters. Malden carries on a confiderable trade in corn, coals, iron, wine, brandy, rum, deals, and chalk rub- bifh. The cufiom of Borough Englifh is kept up here.' It is fituated near the confluence of the river Blackwater, called alfo Malden Water, and the Cheliner, 10 miles E. of Chelmsford, and 27 NE. of London. Market on Saturday. Malden- Jenkinsj Eflex, two wiles from Maldup M A L Maldive Islands, aclnfter of Iflands faid to be 1000 in number, S\V. of Cape Comorin, in the Indian Sea. The north- ernmoft is in lat. 7. 6. N. Ion. 73. 4. E. The principal of them, called Mali, about a league and a half in circumfe- rence, is the moft fertile, and the re- fidence of the prince. It is fituated nearly in the centre. Thefe iflands are moftly fmall, and uninhabited. The in- habitants are a mixture of Arabs and In- dians of Malabar. They fupply veflels with fails and cordage, cocoa-nuts, oil, honey, dry fifh, tortoife fhell, and, efpe- cially .cowries. Male she rbes, a town in the depart- ment of the Loiret. Malestroit, a town in the depart- ment of Morbihan, 16 miles ENE. of Vannes. Male wry, Y orkf. S. of Boroughbridge. Malhcnn , Yorkfhire. Malm , in Donegal, Ulfter. Malines. See Mechlin. Malio, or St. Angelo, a cape of the Morea, 50 miles SE. of Mifitra. Mailer slang- Forest , W eftm ore! an d • Mall.icollo, an ifland, one of the largeft of the New Hebrides, in the S. Sea, about 18 leagues long, and from 5 to 7 wide. Its inland mountains are mo- derately high, and clad with forefts. The foil is a rich and fertile mould, in general, however, inferior to that of the f riendly Iflands. Its vegetable productions are luxuriant, and in great variety j cocoa- nuts, bread-fruit, bananas, fugar-canes, yams, eddoes, turmeric, and oranges. — Hogs, and common poultry, are their do- meftic animals. They had no dogs, for which reafon. Captain Cook, who vifited the ifland in 1774, left them a dog and a bitch. The inhabitants, in their form, language, and manners, are widely dif- ferent from thofe of the Friendly and Society Iflands. They correfpond in many particulars with the natives of New Guinea and Papua, particularly in their black colour and woolly hair. Both men and women arc very dark coloured, ill- pro- portioned, and ugly, with long heads, flat faces, and’monkey countenances 3 and the latter paint their heads, faces, and fhoulders red. They are of a llendcr make, and tie a rope fo fait round their belly, that the fhape of their bodies re- fembles that of an overgrown pifmire. The climate of Mallicollo is very warm, and the inhabitants feel little inconve- nience in going almoft naked, either from heat or cold. Their keeping their Jodies entirely free from pundures, is one particular. M A L particular, that remarkably diftinguilh.es them from the othcr'tribes of the S. Sea. I.at 16. 15. S. Ion. 167: 45. E. Malling, West, r. town of Kent, feated near Compherft- Wood, on a brook, that runs into the, Medway, 6 miles W . of Maidftone, and 30 E. by S. of Lon- don. This parifh was anciently taxed to contribute towards the repair of the third arch, or pier, of Rochefter- bridge. Market on '“Saturday. * Mallow, a conliderable town of Cork, . in Munfter. Here is a fine fpring, of moderately tepid water, refem filing in its qualities the hot- well waters of Briftol. It is feated on the. river Blackwater, 14 miles N. of Cork. Mullocks, or Mattocks, Herts, on the ri- ver A fh, near Hunfdon. Malmedy, a town of Liege, which, hojvever, in fpiri Ural i ties, is under the Archbilhop of Cologne. 'I'he principal trade is making of cloth and (ire fling leather. Malmo, afea-portof Sehonen, feated on the Sound, 9 miles SWA of Lund. M almsbury, origi nally M a idulphs- euIig, and, by corruption, Malmfbury; in an ancient manufcript, however, called Adhdmsbirig, an ancient town in Wiit- fnire, which drives a conliderable trade in the woollen manufacture. It was long- famous for its abbey, which flour-fired in great wealth, exceeding all in the county in bignefs, revenues, and honour. Its Abbot was mitred, and fat in Parliament. . The memory of Aldhelm, its firft Abbot, the favourite of the great Saxon King Athelftan, and whom he procured to be canonized after his death, is ft ill kept up by a meadow near this town, called Ah- ■ helm's Mead. King Athelftan amply en- • . do wed the abbey, granted the town large immunities, and chofe it for his burying place ; he was buried accordingly under the high altar of the church, and his monument Hill remains in the nave of it. It is pleafantly fituated v on the river Avon, which almoft furrounds it, and over which it has 6 bridges, 26 miles E, by N. of Briftol, and 95 W. of London. ' Market on Saturday. Mdineion, Line. N. of Ivirton, in Liiidfey. Mulmsbom, Weftm. SW; of Appleby. ATalo, St. a fea-port in the depart- ment of llle and V liable, on a final! jfland, united to the main land by a nar- row mole or caufewav, 6 or 700 yards in length : it has a large, well-frequented harbour, but difficult of accefs, on ac- count of the rocks that furround it: and M A L is a rich trading place, Ttrong by nature and art towards the fea, and defended by a citadel. 1 1 is 206 miles NW. of Paris. Lat. 48. 39. N. Ion. 1. 57. W. M a LOR a, a town of Genoa. Malp.artida, a town ofSpanifhEf- tremadiira, 14 miles SSW. of Placentia. M alp as, a town of Cheihire, called in Latin Mala Platea, and by the Nor- mans Mai Pas, according to Camden, from its narrow, fteep, intricate way. It contains three flreets, an hofpital, and a gram mar- fchool, and the benefice is rich enough to l’upport two re £ tors, who of- ficiate alternately. It is feated on a high eminence, near the river Dee, 15 miles SE. of Chefter,and 166 NW. of London. Market on Mondav- Malpeftm, Dorletf. near Charborough. M alplaouet, a village of the iate Auftrian Ilainault, famous for a dearly- purchaled victory, gained Sept'll, 1709, by the allies under the Duke of Marl- borough and Prince Eugene, over the FreneA commanded by the Marlhals \ il- lars and BoulHevs. The confederates took 40 colours and ftandards, 16 pieces of ar- tillery, and a g'ood number of priloners. It is s miles SE. of Mows. Malta, an ifiand of the Mediterra- nean, between Africa and Sicily, 20 miles in length, and 1 2 in its greateft breadth. It was anciently little elfe than a barren rockj but fuch quantities of foil have been brought from Africa and Sicily,- that it is now become fertile. It has excel- lent vines, lemons, fruits, cotton, plenty of honey, good paftures, conliderable fifiherles, lea fait, and a profitable coral fifiiery. However, they low but little corn, becaufe they can purchafe it cheap in Sicily, and the ifiand is deficient in wood. The number of inhabitants is vurioijfly efti mated at from 60, to 90,000, who lpeak a corrupt Arabic, and, in the towns, Italian. After the taking of Rhodes, the emperor Charles V. gave this ifiand to the knights of St. John of Je- rufalem. It was attacked by the Turks in 1566, who, after many dreadful af- faults, were obliged to abandon the en- terprile, with the lofs of 30,000 men. The whole ifiand is extremely well for- tified. The knights of Malta formerly conlifted of 8 nations ; but they have long been only 7, becaufe the Englifn have forfaken them. They are obliged to fuppreis all pirates, are at perpetual war With the Turks and other Mahome- tans, and are all under a vow of celibacy and chaftity. It is about 60 miles SSW , of Cape Pulfaro, in Sicily, Malta, M A M M A N Malta, fee Civita Vecchia; Va- letta is the capital. Mallby, Line. NW. of Bar well. Malt- h h Line. N. of Aliprd. MaUby, Norf. N W. of Yarmouth, MaUby, Nor!. NW. of Stokefley. Maltby, Y orkf. SE. of Mo- ther ham. Alallham-Cragg, Yorkfhire, E. of Settle. ' . *Malt0N, a town in the N. Riding* of Yorkfhirei ieated on the river Derwent, which was made navigable to the Oute, by an act in the lit of Queen Anne. It is compofed of two towns, the New and the Old, and is well inhabited. It is IS miles NE. of York, and 216 N. by Y\ . of London. Markets on Tuefday and Saturday, and fa ts on Saturday before Palm Sunday, the Saturday before Y\ ; hit- fun day, and October 1 0 and 11. ‘ Malirayil, near Montgomery, North Males, a poor village, but formerly a large place, aud the refidence of the princes of Powydand. j\ 1a l v a s i a , anci en tly E ? i D a ur u s, a fmall promontory of Turkey in Europe; aimed furrounded by the fea, on the cafe ern coalt of the Morca. The rich wine, formerly fo much valued under the title of Malm fey, is brought itence. It is 40 miles ESE. of Mifitfa. Lat. 36. 57. N. Ion. 23. 22. E. Mahem- 1 1 ills, hills in the SW. part of Worcederlhire, which may he feen at a great didance. They extend about 10 miles in length, in a direction N. and S. the N. extremity about 7 miles SSYY . of YYorcedcr. In thefe hills is a fprln-g of uncommon purify, -much retorted to in ferofu’eus and fcorhutic c ■Ms. Malwa, a province of liindoodan, bounded on the \V. IryGuzerai; on the N. by Agimere and Agra-; on the E. by Allahabad and Orilla : and on the S. by Candedh. It is iituated nearly under the tropic of Cancer, and is one of the mod: extend vc, elevated, and divcrlred trails in tdindooftan, and is divided between the paifhwah of the wedern Mahrattas, and two of the inferior chiefs, Sindia and Holkar. Ougein is the capital of Sindia, and Indore of lioikar. Mjlx:;/er , York (hire, NE. of 'Settle. Malic ood- Castle, and Lodge, Hamplhire, near Reaulieu. Manarahty, lnoutv.ains of, Mayo, in Lonnought, 13 miles YYNW. of ( aftlehar. Mamers, a town in the department of Sarto, 12 miles SE. of Aden r; on. Mumble, Vv or$ederfhire, near Lind- rldge. j\ lavibiled, Momnouthfhire, W. of Ulk. Mamhead, Devon (hire. Here L one of the fined feats in the county, commanding, full, various, and beautiful prof pedis of the river Ex, the fea, and the country, dretching away beyond Ex- mouth, Lympdone, &c. to the Dorfet- lhire and Somerfetfliire hills. Mam Tor , a mountain of Derhyfhi re, with lead mines in it, in the Peak, near Caftle ton. *Man, an idand in the Irifh Sea, YY, of the coad of Cumberland, about 30 miles in length, and from 8 to 15 in breadth. It contains 17 parishes, called kirks, and the chief towns are Rutfien, Douglas, and Peel. The foil varies in different tracts, yet produces more corn than is fufficient to maintain the natives. The air, which is fharp and cold in win- ter, is healthy, and the inhabitants live to a very great age. The commodities of this idand are black cattle, wool, fine and coarfe linen, hides, ikins, honey, tal- low, and herrings. . The frofrs here arc Ihort, and the fnow, efpecially in lands near the fea. lies not long on the ground. Their cattle and liorfes are fmall, and they have badgers, foxes, eagles, and mottled hawks. Here are feveral quar- ries of done and thin blue date, ami feme mines of lead, copper, andiron. Thin oat cakes are the common bread of the in- habitants. About the rocks of the idand breed an incredible number of all foftst of fea- fowl, and efpecially on the Calf of Alan, an idand 3 miles in circuit, before the S. promontory of Man, and feparated from it by a channel 2 furlongs bread. On this little idand 5G00 young puffins are. generally taken every year. The bi- lbo p is nominated by the Duke of Athol, as heir of the elded branch of the Stan- leys, Earls of Derby ; hut the fove- reignty of the idand was purchafed by the Englilh government in 1765. whereby a free trade was permitted with England,' and an entire dop put to the clandedinc trade which they carried on, with prodi- gious fucc.efs, with England and. Ireland. He was formerly reckoned a baron, but does not lit in the houfe of Peers, al- though he is allowed the highed feat in the lower houfe of convocation. The- language is a dialect of the Erfe. In its civil government, the idand is divided into 6 fheedings, each having its proper co- roner, who is intruded with the peace of his didridfi and adts in the nature of a fheriff. Of their laws, the *Lord Chief Judice Coke obferves, “ that they arc fuch as are fcarcc to be found any where elfe.” Man, or Maun, a river in Notting-* hamjKire, which falls into the Meden at Houghton, • Mamchetf Cornw- SE. of Hcldon. M A N He’ iron. Manacles, Cornwall, rockv points in the Englilh channel, E. of the Lizard Point. Manar, an ifland of Afia, on the NW. eoaft of the illand of Ceylon. It gives the name of Gulf to the Sea which lies to the S. The Portugitefe got po^- feffion of it in 1560; but the Dutch took it from them in 1658. Lat. 9* 0. N. Ion. 79. 58. E. Manatee Bay, on the S. coaft of the ifland-of Jamaica, in Ion. 76. 45. W. Manatoulin, a chain of i Hands in Lake Huron, N. America, extending 30 leagues in length, and about 2 in breadth. The name lignifies “ a place of fpirits ;” and they are conlidercd as facred by the Indians. Manhy , Line. W. of Glanford-Briggs. ,1 fan by, Lincol n f. NE. of Louth. Manny, Vorkf. on the Wherfe, NW. of Thirlk. Ala needier, Warwickf. near Atherftone. Mancha, La, a mountainous terri- tory in New Caitilc, having Murcia on the E. and Murcia and jaen to the S. This is the moll cheerful country in Spain. The inhabitants are affable, and great lovers of malic and dancing. Their fongs, or feguidillas, are peculiar to that part of the kingdom. The women are tall, well-made, and have handfomc fea- tures; while feeing a pretty woman dance the menco, a certain rapid movement, with voluptuous pollutes, and Heps lan- guilhing, graceful, varied and j nil, even a philoi'opher would find his wifdom trou- blcfome. A late traveller fays, “ There is no labourer or young female peafant, who is not well acquainted with Don Quixote and Sanchof” Mancha, a town of Jaen in Spain, 7 miles E. of Jaen. Manche La, or The Channel, a department in the wefter n part of tlie ci- devant Normandy, forming nearly a pc- ninfula, on the N. coall. Man chi La coaft. It is bounded on the N. and W. by the Englifh channel, and on the S. by the departments of llle and Viiaine, and the Mayenne. Coutances is the capital. * Manchester, anciently a Homan fiat ion called Mancupium, a large, po- pulous, and fiourifhing town in Lanca- fhire, and a place of great antiquity. It was famous for its population, market, and manufactures of fiufis in Camden’s time, but it is now principally confpicuous as the centre of the cotton trade, an im- menle hufinefs, extending, in fome or other of its operations, from Furnefs (where great cotton fpinning- mills have been eft^bjiihcd) to Derby N. and S. and M A N from Halifax to Liverpool E. and W. The labours of a very populous neigh- bourhood are colledled at Manchefter, whence they arc fent to London, Liver- pool, Hull, &c. Thefe confift of a great variety of cotton, filk, linen, and mixed goods, fitted for all forts of mar- kets, both at home and abroad, fpreading over a great 'part of Europe, America, and the coafi of Guinea, and bringing back vaft profits to this country. The manufacture of ticking, tapes, filleting, and other fmall wares, of filk goods, and of hats, is alfo carried on at Manchefter; from which various fources of wealth, it has attained greater opulence than almoft any of the trading towns in England. Its buildings, efpeeially the more mo- dern ones, are on a proportional fcale of fize and elegance. Its chief ornaments are the college, the market-place, theox- change, the collegiate church, and the infirmary. Manchefter contains 600. ftreets and 14 churches, befides other places of worfhip ; the number of inha- bitants is eftimated at 70,000. By the fiver Irwell, over which it has an ancient and lofty ftone bridge, it has a communi- cation with the Merley, and all the late various extenfions of inland navigation. It is fituated at the confluence of the above river and the Irk, 67 miles WSW. of York, and 182 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Manchester, a town of Virginia, fituated on James Kivcr, and a town ia the State of Vermont. Mander Scheldt, a town of Treves. Mandevilles , Dorfetfhire, inWhitchurclv parifh. Mandevilthorp , Northampton* fhire, near Chipping-Warden. Mandingo, a country of Africa, fitu- ated about 200 miles from the Atlantic, near the river Gambia. Mandria, a fmall defert ifland, in the Archipelago, between Samos and Lan- gos. It is Unrounded by rocks, and gives name to the fea near it/ Manenden, Eifex, S. of Berden. Ma- nes gain, Lin col nlh. S. of Bur well. Ma~ nay, Cambvidgefhire, in the Fens. Money- Manqr , Warwickfhire, S. of Stretton. Manjicld, Yorkfhire, on the Tees. Manfred oni a, a fea- port of Capi- tanata, Naples, built in the year 1256, by King Manfroi, on the ruins of the ancient Sipontium. It is feated on a gulf of the lame name, in the Adriatic, in lat. 41. 35. N. and Ion. 16. 12. E. Mangalore, a fea- port of Hindoo- ftan, in the Canary Country, on the coall of MgJabajr. It has an excellent road for fiiips M A N fliips to anchor in, while the rainy feafon lafts. On their feftival days, the Hindoo inhabitants carry their idols in triumph, being placed in a waggon, adorned on- all Tides with dowers. There are feveral (harp, crooked, iron hoops fattened to the wheels, upon which the mad devotees throw themfelves, and are crulhcd to pieces. It is the greateft place for trade of any in the kingdom ; and the Por- tuguefe have a factory here for rice, and a pretty large church, frequented by black converts. The houfes are meanly built along the fidesof the rivers. Lat. 12. 30. N. Ion. 74. 44. E. Mangeea, an ifland in the S. Sea, about 4 leagues in circumference. The coatt is guarded by a reef of coral rocks, againft which a heavy furf is continually breaking. In the interior parts it rifes into fmall hills, whence there is an eafy defeent to the (bore. They have neither hogs nor dogs ; but they have plaintains, taro, and bread-fruit. Captain Cook re- prefents this as a very fine ifland j but the hoflile appearance of its inhabitants obliged him to leave it (in the year 1777) without making any flay. Lat. 21. 27. S. Ion. 158 1-3. W. Manger sbury, Gloucefterfhirc, near Stow- on- the- W oul d. Mang- River, in Kerry, Munfter. Man- gerton- Maintain , in Kerry, Munfter, near the Lake of Killarney, accounted the higheft in Ireland. Mangotsfield , Glouecftcrshire, 4 miles NE. of Briftol. Mangischlak, a to\yn on the E. coaft of thcCafpian Sea, 180 miles SE. of Aftracan. It is a place of confiderable trade between the Ruflians and Tartars, the latter bringing hither the produce of their own country, and even of Bucharia, £uch as cotton, yarn, and ftuft's, furs, and lkins, and rhubarb. MangwelU Oxfordf. near Wallingford. Manhartzberg, a quarter or divi- fion of the archduchy of Auftria, lying between the Danube, and Bohemia, and Moravia. Manheim, one of the inoft beautiful cities in the palatinate of the Rhine, circle of Lower Rhine. The ftrects are all ftraight, and in.terfedt each other at right angles. The inhabitants are computed at 24,000. Tne town has three grand gates, adorned with baflb- relieves, very beautifully executed. It is almoft entirely fujrounded by the Ncckar and the Rhine, and the country about it is flat. The pa- lace of the eledlor- palatine is a magnifi- cent ftrudlure, containing a gallery for M A N paintings, cabinets of antiquities and na- tural hiftory, a library, treafury, and me- nage. The number of the inhabitants, in 1784, exclufive of the garrifon,was 2 1 ,858. Manheim is 6 miles NE. of Spire, and 10 W. of Heidelberg. Manhood, Sufl'ex, nearThorney. Ma- ine, Lincolnlhire, W. of Spillby. Maniana, or Maliana, a town of Algiers, much frequented by pilgrims. Mailing, Cornwall, near Stow. Mail- ing] mm, Y orkftiire, N. of Bradford. Manilla, town or city, capital of the Ifland of Luconia, as well as of the Phi- lippine Iflands, fituated on a bay on the SW. coaft. It contains about 3000 in- habitants, exclufive? of as many Chinefe, who live, in the fuburbs, and about as many more throughout the iflands. There are 15 other fuburbs, inhabited by Japa- nefe and nations of various mixtures. The ftreets are broad, but frequent earth- quakes have fpoiled their uniformity. The citadel is in the fhape of a triangle, having one baftion towards the fea, ano- ther towards the river, and a third at the W. point, to cover the port, which is only- fit for fmall vefiels, and there arc good out- works. In 1762, Manilla was taken by theEnglilh, under Rear Admiral Cor- niflgand Colonel SirWilliam Drapier; and to lave it from deftrudtion, it was agreed to pay a million fterling for its ranfomj but this agreement was ungeneroufly dif- owned by the Spanifh court. *Maningtree, a dirty town of Ett'ex, Rated on the river Stour, 9 miles ENE. of Colchefter, and 60 ENE of London A good market on Tuefday. Maniton, Cornwall, SW. of Launcef- ton. Manless , Glouceflcrf. a hamlet Brimpsfield. Manley , Chelhire, in De Fa- mere- Fcrett. Maningford, Abbott's and Crucis, Wilts, N\Y . of Everley Warren, Mannington, Dorfetftiire, near Holt Fo- reft. Mannington, Norfolk, NW. of Alefham. Manner, Durham, near Lan- chefter. Mannar, Nottinghamfhire, \Y. of Workfop. Man of H'ar , in Dublin, Leinfter, a fmall village, 13 miles N. of the metro- polis. Manor Cunningham, in Donegal , Ulfler. Manor Hamilton, in Leitrim,, Connaught. Manosoue, a town in the depart-, ment of the Lower Alps, before the re- volution, a commandery of Malta. It; is 10 milts S. of Forcalquicr, and 350 S.. by E. of Paris. Man res a, or Manxes, a town oi^ Catalonia, 25 miles NNV/. of Barcelona.. Mans, Le, a barge town, capital oT th : •M A N M A K tticdept. of Sarte. The inhabitants a- duchy fince the death of the kb dukcy mount to about 14,000. It has excellent Charles XV.. in 170B, having annexed it poultry, known at Paris by the name of to the government of Milan. It now, pullets pf Mans; and its wax and lluiffs however, main turns a French garrifon, and are very famous. It is feated near the forms a part of the new Cifalpinc Repub- conliuefice of the larte and the U u’tfne, lie. The principal rivers are the Po,- and is 75 miles W . by N. of Orleans. Oglio, Mincio, andSecchia; and the prin- Mansaroar, a large lake of Thibet/ cipal town is - of the fame name, from which the fnuthernmoli head of the Mantua-, the capital city of the duchy (ranges is fuppofed to ill tie. It is about of the fame name, in Italy,- is fea ted on 100 miles in circumference. an ill a ml in the tnidft of a lake, and is fiansel-Gamagc, between Hereford and Stanton'- Mins el Hope , Hereford- fibre, S£. of tlofs. Hansel Lacy, Here- fordfhire* SE. of Wobbly, Mansergh, Weftmorkuid, KW . of Kirby-Lohi- dale. Mansfei.dT, a town of Upper Sax- ony; Vvith a cable, fiiuated on a high rocky SO miles SSL. of lialberiladt, capital of a county of the bine name* about £3 miles in its gr eaten length, and 16 in its greateft breadth. It is furrounded by the electo- rate of Saxon y % and die dTvicds of Quer- furt, Mcrieburg, Magdeburg,' Anhalt, Halbcrbadt, and Stolbcrg. an's F t, old, a well built town in Nottingbamfnire, feated near the edge of the forelt of Sherwood, is pretty large, lias a great, trade in corn and malt, and a .considerable m;m'ufa61ure : of Hoc kings. ' It is 12 miles N, of Nottingham, and 140 N. 'by Yv . ox London. Market on Thar id ay. Mansfield, a -town of Connecticut; Mans /Lid IModhonoe, Nottingham- shire, N. of Mansfield. Mar: sj or lit, Dur- ham, E. of Bifhop Auckland. Manilla el Burgo, a town in the province of- Leon, 10. miles SE. of Leon. Mansion, Devonshire, S. of' Morton. M ante a, a town in the department of Seine andGife, feated on the river. Seine, over which it has a bridge of 36 arches, 27 miles N vV. of Paris. M union, Doric! f. ME. of Sturminfrer. Man ion, Nottinghamfli. near \\ 7 orkfop. Alan’on, Wiltbure, near Marlborough. Manlon, Rutland (hire, between Mavtinf- thorp and Normanton. Mantua, the Duchy of, a coun- try of Italy, lying a’ong the river Pc, which divides it into parts, having the V eronefe ana Hreilan to the N. and the Cremoncfe. to the VV. It is about 50 miles in lengt.ii, and 35 in breadth ; is fruitful in corn, pabure, flax. leguminous plants, fru’ts, and- excellent w ee, and abounds with good h rfes. Toe houfe if Auilria has beei) iu polled on of this very ftrong by fituation as well as art, as there is no coining at it, except by two caufcways Winch crofs the lake. I It is very large, having 8 gates, 4 collegiate churches, a 1 parochial, 1 i other churches and a! ms- homes,- 11 oratories, 40 con- vents and nunneries, and, without the city, 3 pari fh churches, 2 other churches,- and 7 con veeps ; alio a quarter ’.for-- tho Jews to live in, and above 1 6,000 in habitants. The ft reels are broad and firait, and the houfes well built. : It was greatly .noted- for it.-; filk, and other ma- nufactures; but they are now inconfi- derable, arid the air irr the fummer-time is unwholefome. Jt is feated on the river Mmcio, and has an uni verb ty > 35- mil csNE. of Parma, 22 S\V . of Verona* and 220 ;N. by -W. of Rome, Lac. 45 v 10. N. Ion. 10. 50. E. d ianuden , EiTex . 3 lamvorthy,- D evo n f. in Hainfworthy parifh. Many an, a river in Denbighf. Manyfold a river in Stall'. Me: perky, N. of Nottingham. Mapertm, Derreuhire, near Bridport. Mu per ton, N. and S. Dorfctf. near Be minfter. Maper- ion, Somerfetfnire, SW. of W incaunton. Mapes, Middl efex, .n ear Kilburn. Maple- beck, Nctliugh. :N. of South well i Maple- borough, Warw. near Studley. Maplcdor- xccll. Lain.-, near ikfiag-ftokc. Maple- durhain/Vln nts, near Petersfie’d Ma/le- durionn, Oxford f. 4 miles from Rearing.- Maplesdczcn, Kent, NW. of Ylfotham. Mar tested. Great and Li Hie, Ldhx, near (Viftle-H. -nine Ram. M'.plelon, Yorkf. in Holderncfs, near Frodlingham. M«pon- dt r, DorLtf. 3 miles NE. of Bucklr.m!- A !>has. Map platan, Derb. near Alhborn. Bar Lorest; a woody, mountainous, cliff rich in the W. angle-of Aberd'ccitlhireA Mar ac ABO, a rich and conk durable town of S r rnorica, capital of the pro- vince of Venezuela. L carries on a great trade in Ik ins, chocolate, which is the heft in America; ami very fine tobacco.. It is feated towards the middle of a lake of the fame name, where it becomes nar- rower. Inilat. lO. O. N. Ion. 70. 45 Vv\ . av.IaR.ac a BO, a large lake in 'Jena Luma, MAR M A R Firma, about 200 miles long and 50 partment of Creufe, and part of that of broad, emptying itfelf into the Gulf of Vienne. Venezuela. Marche, La, a town in the dept, of Maragnan, or Maranhao, a pro- the Vofges, fituated near the fource of the v’mee of Brafil, which comprehends a fer- Mouzon, 20 miles S of Neufchateau : tile, well inhabited iflartd, upwards of 50 alfo a town of Luxemburg, fituated on the miles in circumference, and fituated at the river Marfette. mouth of 3 rivers. ' The French fettled Marchena, a town of Seville, Anda- here in 1612, and built a town ; but they lufia, particularly fertile in olives, though were loon .driven from it by the Portu- dry for want of water, guefc, who have poffefied it ever lince. MARCHiENNEs,atown of Liege, fitu- The climate is agreeable and wholefome, ated on the Sambre, 2 miles W. of Char- and the land fertile and rich, producing every thing in perfection without labour or manure. Lat. 2. 30. S. Ion. 45. 55. W . Marano, a town of Fruili, Venice; the capital, St. Felipe de Maranhas,is now ' very firong, and has a fiout caftle built on a rock towards the fea, which commands a very convenient harbour; and a town of Lavora, Naples. Marasch, a town of Aladulia; and a town of Caramania. Marant, or Amarant, a town of Aderbeitzan,Perfia, 50 milesN. of Tauris. Marasona, a village of Livadia, the ancient Marathon, 12 miles NE. of Athens. Marazion. SeeMERAZiON. M a R B a GH, a town and river of Suabia, which runs into the Fils, in the duchy of \V urtemburg ; alfo three towns in the archduchy of Auftria, and a town of Ergzeburg, Upper Saxony. Marbella, a fea- port town of Gra- nada, feated at the. mouth of the Rio Verde, 26 miles SW. of Malaga. Marbrook, N. of Stafford. Mar brook , a river in Shroplhire. Marbury , Chdhire, near Northwich. Marbury , Chdhire, ET of Malpas. Marcel, St. a town in the refpedtive departments of Ardeche, Saone, and Loire, Mouths of tlie llhoae and Indre. Marcellin, St a town in the dept, of Here, feated in a country that produces excellent wine. Jt it 5 miles from St. Antoine, and 253 S. by E. of Paris, and a town in the department of Rfione and Loire. Marcel. li no, a town of Calabria Citra. March, or Merch, a town of Cam- bridgefhire, in the Hie of Ely, 25 miles N, of Cambridge, and 79 N. of London Market on Friday. Mar churn, Berkfhire, near Abingdon. Marche, a ci-devant province of France, about 55 miles in length and 20 in breadth, not very fertile in corn and wine, but feeding a great; number of .cat- tle. It now principally formis the de- leroy. Marchiennes, a town in the dept, of the North, feated in a morafs, on the. river Searpe, 7 miles ENE. of Douay. Marchington , StafFordflnre, 2 miles her low Uttoxeter. Marchomley , Shroplhire, SE ofPrees. Marciipurg, a town of Stiria. Marc i glia no, a town of Lavora, 9 miles NE. of Naples. Marcigny, a town in the dept, of Saone and Loire, feated near the river Loire. Marcleeve, Warwickf* near Bidford. Marck, a territory in Weftphalia, pretty fertile \n wheat, rye, peas, flax, barley, &c. and fubjeci to the king of Pruflia. Flam is the capital. It has the duchy of 'Berg on the S. and the duchies of Berg aud Cleves on the W. Marcley , Great and Little , II ere ford- {hire, SW . of Ledbury. Near it is a hill, which in 1575, according to Dr. Fuller, moved from its place, carrying along with it the trees that grew on it, together with the (lieepfolds and flocks of iheep grazing on it, till it fettled on a place 12 fathoms higher. In its progrefs it overthrew Kinnafton Chapel, together with the caufeways, trees, houfes, See. that flood in. its way. Marco, St. a town of Otranto, a town, of Principato Ultra, two towns of Capi- tanata, a town of Calabria Citra, and a town of Galicia in Spain. Mar dale, Weflmorland, in the parilh of Shap. Mar den, Herefordshire, on the ri- ver Lug- Marden, Kent, near Maidftone. Marclen, Surry, near Godftone. Mardike, a fea- port in the department of the North, 4 miles SW. of Dunkirk. Marf.e, Loch, a great frelh- water lake of Rofslhiie, 11 miles long, and, in 10 me parts, 4 lnoad. Many fmall iflanda are fcattered over it; and it abounds with falmon, char, and trout. Mara End, Clone, near Afhelworth. Marines, a town in the department ol Lower Charente, remarTkal.de for its fait- works, and the green* finned oy tiers Gjj found M A R found near the coafi. It is 8 miles SSW. cf Hocjjfort, and 270 SW. of Paris. Marcs field , Suft'ex. Mare- Street, Mid- diefex, in Hackney, M a ret i mo, - an ifland near the W. coaft of Sicily, about 10 miles in circum- ference: it contains only a few farm-houfes, with a chateau, but produces a great deal of honey. Lat. 38. 5. N. Ion. 12. 33. E- Mar gam, GTamorg. Margaret' s, St. Wilts, near Marlborough Margaret's , St. Northumberland, SE. ot 'Alnwick. Margaret's , St. Kent, between St. Mary Cray and Gravefcnd. Margaret's , St. Suffolk, near Pun gay. Margaret' s, St. Suffolk, SE. of St. "Margaret’s, near Bun- gay. Margaret's , St. Heref. near More- hampton. Mai garef' s-at-Clijf , St. has a bay NE. of Dover. Margaret's , St. Kent, adjoining Ifochefter. Margaret' s, St. Herts, near Am well. Margaret- Marsh, Dprfetfhire, SW. of Melbury. MargarettA, an illand of S. Ame- rica, near Terra Firma, about 40 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. The, conti- nual verdure renders it very pleafant, and it is fertile in maize and fruits ; but the . Spaniards have moftly retired thence to "fkrra Firma,. and the inhabitants now vire Mulattoes, and the original natives. Lat. 11.7. N. Ion. G3. 12. W. ^Margate, a fea-port of Kent, on the N. fide of the Ifle of Thanet, within a fmall bay in the breach of the cliff; it has rapidly increafeti of late years, by the great refort to it for lea- bathing, thefhore being, level and covered with fine fan d, well adapted for that purpofe. Here is a fait- water bath, which has performed great cures in nervous and paralytic cafes, and munbnefs in the limbs. Great quan- tities of corn are exported hence, and vef- fels arc frequently pafling to add from the coaft of Flanders. There are, moreover, regular packet-boats, of 80 or 100 tons burthen, to and from London, foine of which arc elegantly fitted up. It is built an an eafy afeent, (the principal ftreet being near a mile in length) 14 miles N. of Deal, and 72 E. by S. of London. Mar get -Bad, Eflcx, by Ingateftone Mar ham, Lineolnfhire, near Scrivelby and Tatterfhall. Marham, Northamp- tonihire, near Peterborough. Marham , Norfolk, W. of S waft bam. Marian Islands. See Ladrones. Maria, or St. Maria, an ifland of the Indian Ocean, about 6 miles E. r>f Madagafcar, in lat. 17. 0. S. It is 43 miles in length, and 5 in breadth ; well watered, fertile in rice, fugar- capes, le- gumes, piue apples, tobacco, &c. aud M A R furrounded by rocks. The air is extreme- ly moift, as it rains almoft every day, and fometimes for a fortnight together. It is inhabited by about G00 negroes, but fel- dom vifited by {hips pairing* that way. Maria, St. a considerable town of S. America, in the audience of Panama, built by the Spaniards after they had dif- covcred the gold mines that are near it. It is feated at the bottom of the Gulph of St. Michael, at the mouth of a river of the fame name. The Spaniards conic here every year in the dry feafon, which continues three months, to gather the gold-duft out of the hinds of the neigh- bouring ft reams, and carry away great quantities. Lat. 7. 43. N. Ion. 78. 48. YV. Maria, St. one of the Azores, ot . Wcfrern ifiands., It produces plenty of wheat, and has about 3000 inhabitants. Maria, St. a town* of Andalufia, 18 miles N. of Cadiz, and ievcral towns in Italy. Marie-aux-Mines, a town in the department of Upper Kli ne, famous for its mines of filver and lead, 12 miles NW, \ of Colmar. Marienburg, a town of Erzeburg, Upper Saxony, near which are mines of filver, cohalt, iron, vitriol, and fulphur; alfo a town and palatinate of Pruftia, on the Viftula ; a town jin' the dept, of the North, 10 miles W. of Chari cm out ; anil a town in the dept, of the Ardennes. Marienwerder, a town of Ober- land, Pruftia, ieated near the Viftula, 30 miles S. of Dantzick. Marie st adt, in AY . Gothland, fl- tuated oh the Wcnner Lake. Marigalante, a lmall ifland of the Weft Indies, fubjedt to the French, it is of a circular form, and about 14 leagues in circumference. Along the E. ihore are- lofty, perpendicular rocks, that fheltcr vaft numbers, of tropical birds, The weftern fliore is fiat, and tlie ground, in general, is proper for cultivation, it lias ievcral large caverns, where crabs are lound, w;th many little ftreanis, and ponds of frefh water. It is covered with trees, and par tieularly abounds with tobacco and the wild cinnamon- tree. It is 30 miles NE. of Dominica, and 40 E. of Guadaloupe*, Lau 16 . N. Ion. 61 . 11 . \V. M a R I g n a N o , ai town of Milan . Maring- on-the- Hill, Lineolnfhire, near Ilorncaltle. Marin gton , Shropfhire, E. of Montgomery. _ ? Marino, St. a town of Italy, capital' of a fmall independent republic, ieated on a mountain, to which its territory is con- fined. M A R fined, and furrounded by the duel y of Urbino. The inhabitants are about 60C 0 ; without heroes, without conquerors, with- out parade; they have enjoyed ropofe, and liberty near 14 centuries. Marino, a town of Italy, in the Cam- pag-na, 10 miles SE. of Rome. Maris , Glouc. in Win mill.- Mariston, Devonf. near Lifton. Mark , East, So- merfetf. in Wedmmore parifti. Markham , Cornw. S. of Stratton. Markby , Line. Dear Alford. Markjield , Leic. near Bag- worth-Park. Markesjield, South, NE. of Bilfdon. Markcndale Chapel, WeEi -nor- land, by Ull’s-Water. Markes , Eftex, nearRumfcrd. Market-End, Oxfordihirc, near Amerfden. Market Hill, in Armagh, Lifter. Market Jew. SeeMERAZiON. Market Overton, a town in Rut- land, 3 miles from Okcham. Market on Tuefday, if not difufed. ^Market Street, in Herts, and Bedfordf. 3 miles from Dunftable. Mark Hall, El— fex, near Harlow. Markham E. and W. or Great and Little, Netting, near Tux- |ford. Markinjield , Yorklhire, W. of Bo- roughbridge. Markinton, Yorklhire, be- tween Ripley and Rippon. Marks, St. Somerf. near Briftol. Marksbury, Somerf. near Pensford. Mark' s- Hall, Eflex, near Coggelhall. Mark' s-Hall, in Margaret Roding parilh. Mark's Hall, Elfex, in the parilhes of Leightoh and Walthamftow. Mark, West, Somarfetlhire, near Brent Marfti. Marlais, a river in Fembroke- Ihire. Marland, Lane, near Rochdale. *MARLEOROUGH,anancient borough of Wiltfhire, containing two parifh churches, feveral commodious inns, and about aOO houfes, with broad and paved ftrects. Mr. Camden mentions an ancient cuftom licre, viz. that every freeman, at his admiflion, gave to the mayor a couple of greyhounds, two white capons, and a white bull. It is feated on the river Ken- net, 43* miles E. of Briftol, and 74 W. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Satu rdays. Marlborough, two towns of Ma- n-land, a town of Maflachufett’s, a town of Pennfylvania, and a county of South Carolina. Marlborough, Fort, an Englifh factory, on the SW. coaft of Sumatra, 3 miles ealt of Bencoolen. Marldon , Devonftiire, in a mauley foil ; whence a brook runs to Torbav. Maries , tljex, near Epping. Mar lees, Suftex, near W eft Grinfted. Marleigh, Devonshire, near King's and Bilhop’s Nemet. Mar- les/ord , Suffolk, SE, of FraqalingUam. M A R Marhiwod, Gloucef. in Thombury pit* rilh. Marlingford , Norfolk, W. of Nor- wich. Marloo, Shropshire, near Purllow. Marlow, Great, a town ofBuck- ingftamf. feated on the river Thames, over which is a bridge into .Berk (hire. Its manufactures are making bone lace, paper, and thimbles, and there are feveral corn mills on the Loddon, between this •town and High Wycombe. It is 17 miles S. of Aylesburv, and 31 W. of London. Market on Saturday. Marlow, Little, Bucks, near Marlow. Marlow, He ref. beyond Kinton, towards Shroplhire. Mar Is ton, near Chefter. Marly, a ci-devant royal palace in, France, and foreft of the fame name, noted for its line gardens and water- works It L ft mated near the Seine, 3 miles N. of V er failles. Ma r m and e, a town in the depart- ment of Lot and Garonne, which carries on a great trade iii corn, wine, and brandy. It is .fituated on the Garonne, 40 miles SE. of Bourdeaux. Marmora, an ifland in the fea of Marmora, 10 miles long, and 3 wide; with a town of the fame name, and a few vil- lages. % Marmora, or The White Sea, be- tween Europe and Alia, which communi- cates with the Straits, of Gallipoli, and the Strait of Conftantinople. It is 90 miles in length, and 44 in breadth, and was anciently called the Propontis. Marne, a department of France, W. of the department of the Meufe. It t ikes its name from a river which rifes 3 miles E. of Langyes, paffing by Chaumont, Vi- try, Epernay, Meaux, &c Joins the Seine at Charenton. Chalons is the capital. Marne, Upper, a dept, of France, bounded on the NW. by the dept, of Marne, and divided into nearly two equal parts by the river Marne, which has its rile here. Chaumont is the capital. MarnJiams, Nottinghamfhire,two ham- lets by the Trent, near Normanton. Marnbull, Dorfetfturc, a village on the Stour, b miles; SW. of Shafdbury. Maro, a town of Oneglia. M arogna, a town of Romania. Marolles, a town in the refpeCive dept, of the North, the Aube, Lo:r, and Cher, and Sarte. Marple , Chelhire, near Stockport. Marpurg, a coniidcrabletown, capi- tal of U pper I Idle, with an univerfity, academy for cbffical learning, caftle, pa- lace, handfotne fquare, and magniftcent town-houfe. It ig .36 miles N. ot Frank- fort on the Maine. G g 2 Marquesas, M A It M A It Marquesas, a group of illands in the South Sea, tirit difeovered by Men* dana, a Spaniard, in 1595. They are 5 in number, and named St. Chriftina, Mag- dalena, Dominica, St. Pedro, and Hood. Captain Cook lay fome time at the firft of thefe, in 1774. The natives are of a tawny complexion, but look almoft black, from being pundtured over the whole body. They go almofl naked, having only a {mail piece of cloth, perfectly re- fcmbling that made by the people of Otaheite, round their waift and loins. Their beard and hair are of a fine jet black, like tlmfe of the other natives of the torrid zone. The ifland, though high and fteep, has many valleys, which widen toward the fea, and are covered with fine forells to the fummits of the in- terior mountains. The products of thefe illands arc bread-fruit, bananas, plantains, cocoa- nuts,fcarlet beans, paper- mulberri es, of the bark of which their cloth is made, cafuarinas, with other tropical plants and trees, and hogs and fowls. They have alio plenty of fiffi. Capt. Foriter fays, he never faw a fihgle man deformed, or even ill-pro;wtioned among the natives: were ftrong, tall, well-limbed, and ac- tive in the high eft degree. T'heir arms were clubs and fpears, and their govern- ment, like that of the Society Ifiands, mo- narchical. But they were not quite fo cleanly as the inhabitants of the .Society tiles, who, in that rei'peCt, l’nrpafs, per- haps, any other people in the world. The drink of the Marquefnns is purely water, cocoa nuts being either l'carce. Their, mtiiic, mufical inftruments, dances, and • canoes, refemble thole of Otaheite. In- deed, the inhabitants of the Marquesas, Society, and Friendly .Illands, Eafter 111 and, and New Zealand, l'eem to have all the fame origin; their language, man- ners, c niton) £cc. bearing a great affinity iii many refpetts. Eat- 9. 55. S. Ion. 139. 9. W. Marr, Yorkshire, 3 miles AV . of Don- rafter. Mar-rick, V orkihirc, SU . of Richmond* Moor. Mar sal, a town in the department of Meurthe, reiparkahle for its falt- yvorks. It is 17 miles ENE. of Nanci. Marsala, a town and river of Sicily. Mars an, a ci-devant diftridi in the department of Landes, fertile in wine. M out Marian was the capital. M ARS AOUlVr.R, Or MaRSALOUI- VER, a fea- port, of Tremeien, Algiers, one of the bell: harbours in Africa, S miles from Oran. It is fubjedt to the Spani- ards. Marscough, with its Chace, LancaffiireJ near Garftang. Mar men Chapel, York- fh.re, SVY. of Almondbury. Marstlen Rocks, Northumberland, a little way from the lliore, are fometimes vifited by parties on pleafure, from Tinmouth. They have fome large caverns in them, and are foqierfprated, in feveral places, as to give a free paffage to boats. Marseilles, a flourilhing fea port in the dept, of the Mouths of the Rhone, lately an epifcopal fee. It was fo cele- brated in the time of the Romans, that Cicero ftyled it the Athens of Gaul, and Pliny called it the Miftrefs of Education. It is feated on the Mediterranean, at the upper end of a gulph, covered and de-r fended by many fmall illands, and is di- vided into the Old Town or the. City, and the New Town. The firft' appears like an amphitheatre to the velfels which enter the port; but the houfes are mean, and the ftreets dirty, narrow, gnd fteep. In the latter the ftreets are ftraight and broad, and adorned with handfome edi~. fices. In this part is the principal church,, built by the Goths, on the ruins of the temple of Diana. T his place was con-1 fidered as endowed with an invaluable privilege confirmed by different popes; 1 namely, that it ffiould be for ever exempt' from an interdict The armoury is the fineft in the kingdom, and contains arms for 40,000 men. Ilete is all'o a large arfe- nal, well 1 to red with all the implements for building and fitting out the galleys.; The harbour is not deep enough for men, of war. Gold and filver fluffs are made here. The inhabitants are efti mated at; 90,000. With refpecl to commerce* Marseilles has been eminent* fince the days of antiquity, and it is now fometimes called Europe in Miniature, on account ot the variety of dreffes and languages. In 1G49, the plague raged with great vio- lence in Marfeilles, and with frill greater in 1720, 1721, and 1722, when it carried off 50,000 of the inhabitants. During this laft dreadful vifitation, M. de Bel- funce, (the “ Marfeilles good bilhop,” celebrated by Pope) the canon Bourgeret; the magiftrate Mouftier, and the com- mandant Langeron, by their intrepid and indefatigable humanity, did the molt, fig- nal honour to themlelves and to human natilfe. Marfeilles is 18 miles NW. of Toulon, and 362 S. by E. of Paris, Lat. 43. 18. N. Ion. 5. 27. E. Marshbrook, in King's County, Lein- Her. Mcrrjield , . Suflex, N. of Cuckfield. Marsh, iiiidunghaailhire, by Newport- M A R M A R Pag lie]. Marsh, Dorfetfhiro, ncarBemin- [ ftcr. Marsh , S’nropf N. of Caufe C'aftle. i * Mar shy in Somerfetfhire, near E. and I \V. Coker. Marshall , Derhylhire, in t!ie High Peak. Marshal, Sufiex, in Blotch- ing parifli. Marshall, Eflbx, near the N. Weald. Mur sham, Kent, near Afhford. d/anAr/m, Norfolk, near .A 1 efham . Marsh- den Chapel , Lancaf. S. of Colne. Marsh- den Chapel, York! S. of Halifax. Marsh Ditch, Yorkfliire, a fenny traEi between the Dun and Oufe. Marsh Farm, Dorfetf. near Yer minder. Marston Bigot , Somerl’. near I’rome. Marshfield, atown of Gloucef.with a manufacture of broad-cloth, and a confi- der able trade in malt. It isjeated on the Cotfwold- Hills, 12 i 1 . lies E. of Briftol, and 102 W. of London. Market on Tuefday. Marshland, Norfolk, a marfhy peninfu- la, oppofite to Lynn. It feems to have been gained from he water, and has at different times been inundated both by the ocean and by the rivers which nearly furround ir, to the great damage of the in- habitants. Marshland , Yorkf. E. Riding, between the rivers Are, Dun, Oufe, and Trent, which with Marik Ditch, make a i river ifland feveral miles in length and breadth. Marsh Salt , Gloucef. by the Severn fide. . Marsh-side,. Miudl. NE. of Edmun'tpn. Marsh, A . and S. Devon- Ihire, near Modbury. M< rsh Street , Eflex, between Walthamftow and the river Lee. I Marsh- ■ . t, N .ofS Marsh- wood, with it? Fairs nd Park, Dorfetlhire, 4 .miles N. Yv . of Whitchurch. Marsh- wood, Huntmgd? afnire, near Redbridge. Marsico Nlovo, a town of Princi- ( pato C itro, Naples. _ Marsico Vetere, a town of Bafi- | licata, Naples. Mardc, a river of Y orkthire, falling into ! the -Swale, near Marik. Mars ton, Berks, near Bucklebury. Mars ton, Lincolfif. be- i tween In rantham and Clay Pool. Mar- i ston, SW . of Derby, near the Dove. Mar- ion, Herefordf. near the GrendonS, War- | ren > and Bifhops. Marston, Heref. near Pembridge. Marston, Herefordf. between Rofs and Monmouthlhirc. Marston, near OxlorcL Marston, N. of Stafford. Mar- i ston* Staff. NYY r . of Lapley. Marston, or Marston Sicca, Glouc. SW. of Stratford- upon-Avon, in Warw. Mar ston, St. Law- rence, Northamptonf. NW. of Brackley. Marston Long, Gloucef. in Bring parifh. Marston Long, alias HuttonlVanelly , near Y orki Marston Montgomery, Derbyfhire, near the Dove, SW. of Alhborn. Mar- fion-Moor , Yorkf. between Wethcrby and York Marston Mortally 5 miles from Bedford. Marston Potters , Leiccf. E. of jlinckley. Marston , South,. Wilts, near High-worth. Marston Tr asset, Northamp. by H arbor b ugh. Marston Jf'ood-End r Bedfordfhire, near Iloughton-Conquelt. Marstrand, a rocky ifland of W. Gothland, in the Cattegate, about 2 miles in circumference. The town, which lies on the eaftern fide, confiff? of about 200 ruinous and tilmoft uninhabited houfes.' The harbour is fpacious, deep, f'ecure, and commodious, but-of difficult entrance. The inhabitants fubfift chiefly by the her- ringfifhery; by the number of (hips which in rough weather take refuge in the har- bour, and by a contraband trade. It is 18 miles NW. of Gotheborg. Martaban, a town and province of Pegu, on the Gulf of Bengal, a long time an independent kingdom. The foil is fertile in rice, fruits, and wines of all kinds. Its capital was a rich trading place before fhips were funk at the entrance of the harbour to choke it up, (by the king of Ava) which it has done effectually. The chief trade is now in earthen ware and fifli. The whole country, more- over, is now fubjeCt to the king of Ava^ who, in- 1754, fubdued the kingdom cH Pegu, and rendered it a dependent pro- vince. The town of Martaban isfituated on the fide of a bogor large river, 80 miles SE. of Pegu. Lat. 16. 38. N. Ion. 97.3. E. MARTANO,_a town of Otranto, Naples. Martel, a town in the department of Lot, fituated near the Dordogne, 28 miles NNE. of Cahors. Martha, St. a province of S. Ame- rica, on the coaff of Terra Firma. It is about 300 miles in length, and 200 in breadth, and is moftly a mountainous country, having Venezuela on the E. and Carthagena on the W r . It is extremely hot and fultry on the fea- coaff, but within, cold, on account _pf the mountains. It abounds with fruits proper to the climate, and there are mines of gold and precious ftones, and- falt-\yorks. The Spaniards pcfl'efs but one part of this province, in which they have built St. Martha, the capital. The air about the town is whole- fome, and it is feated near the fea, at the mouth of the river Guayra, having a haw hour furrounded by high mountains. It was formerly very confiderable, when the Spanifh galleons were fent thither, but is now come almoft to nothing. Lnt. 11, 27. N. Ion. 74. 0. W. Martha, St. or Sierra Nevada, a high mountain in Mexico, faid to he 100 miles in circumference at the bot- tom, and 3 high } the top being always G g 3 covered M A R covered with {how in the hotteft wea- ther. Martha’s Vineyard, an ifland of IS 1 . America, near the coaft of. Maifachu- fett’s, 80 miles S. of Boftcn. The in- habitants apply themfelves chiefly to the fisheries, in which they have great fuccefs. Lat. 41. 16. N. Ion. 70. 22. W. Marthall , Chefhire, E. of Knottesford- Martham, Norf. near V/interton. Mar- l holly Chapel, Monmouthfhire, S. ofUfk. Mortholm , Lancafh. near Shuttleworth. Martigues, Les, a fea-port in the department of the Mouths of the Rhone, ffeated near a 'lake 12 miles long, and 5 broad, which is much lefs confiderable than it was formerly, but whence they get very fine fiih and excellent fait, it is 20 riiilcs NW . of Marfeilles. Martin , Kent, near Canterbury. Mar- tin, Lincolnlhire, near Horncaftle. Mar- tin , Somerfetfh. in Stanton Drew parifh. Martin , Wilts, 6 miles' from Salifbury. Martin , Worceftep'h. S. of Drditwich* Martin, Surry, fee Merton. Martin, Cape, a promontory of Va- lencia ; and a river of Arragon. Martin, St. a lmall town in the Ifle 4W Ree, with a harbour and citadel. Martin, St. an ifland in the Weft- indies, lying betw r ecn St. Bartholomew, and Anguilla. It is about 5 leagues in length and 4 in its greatefl breadth, has neither harbour nor river, but feveral va- luable fait pits and falt-w 7 ater lakes. It has been jointly held by the Dutch and Englilh fince the year 1744, Lat. 18. 20. Ion .'63. 0. W. Martin and Martino, St. feveral tow r ns of France and Italy. Marti}i, St. Cornwall, SE. of Helfton. Martin, St. Cornwall, near E. Low. Marlin, <57. Cornwall, nearSaltafh. Mar- tin, St. Kent, between Appledore and Romney. Martin, St. E. and IV. Wilt- shire, E. of Cranbourn-Chace. AIa rtinico, a confiderable ifland of tfie Weft- Indies, about 44 miles in length, and 120 in circumference. There are 3 high mountains, with numberlefs hills of a conical form, and feveral rivers and fertile valleys, but they will not bear either wheat or vines ; however, the former is not much wanted, for thofe that are born here, prefer caffuva to wheat bread. It poilefics many natural advantages, and in particular, its harbours afford a certain flic! ter from the hurricanes. It exports fugar, cocoa, caflia, ginger, Cotton, in- digo, chocolate, aloes, pimento, tobacco, yarn, plantains, mobiles, preferved fruits, &c. is extremely populous, and has ic- MAR veralfafeand copunodious harbours. The principal places are Fort-Royal, Fort St. Peter, Fort- Trinity, and Foot-de-Mouil- lage. There are Hill fome of the ancient inhabitants remaining, in 1769, France imported from Martinico, in 202 trading' vefl’els, merchandiie to the amount of 536,6311. fierling. In Feb. 3, 1794, this ifland w T as attacked by the Englilh, under Sir John Jervis and Sir Charles Gray, and the concpieft was completed on March 16th. Fort- Royal is in lat. 14. 44. N. Ion. 61. 16. W. Martiugley, Hants, W. of Hartley- Row 7 . Martin Hosyntree, Wore, between Worcefter and Droitwich. Martin How , Devonf. between Comb-Martin and Lin- ton. JMariin-Meer, Lane. W. of Eccle- lton. Martin's, Eflex, near Maningpree. Martin's, St. Northamp. near Stamford. Martinsdalc, Weftmorl. a parifh of Bar- ton. Martin's Thorp , llutl. 3 miles from Uppingham. Martinston, S. ofDorcheft.' Mar tiu worthy, HantsyN . of Winchefter. Martlesham, Suffolk, 5 miles from Ipf- wich. Martleston, Berks, near Buckle- bury. Martley, W. of Worcefter. Afar- toclc, or Mattock , Somcrf. between Ilchtf- ter and Ilminfter. Marton, Cliefh. E. of Delamerc-Eoreft. Marton , with its Mere , Chefhire, SW. of Macclesfield. Marton , Devonf. near Hewifh. Marton, Lancaf. N. of Ormikirk. Marton, Line, near the Trent. Marton, Line, near Gainfborougli, Marton , Norfolk, S. of Watton. Marton , Nottingh. a hamlet of Harworth. Marlon f Shropf. bordering on Denbighf. Marton Shropf. N. of Chirbury. Marton, Warw. on the Leamc. Afar ton, Weftmorl. NW. of Appleby. Marton, Yorkf. near Flam- borough. Afar ton, Y orkf. in Holdernefs. Marton, E. of Rippon. Marton, 5 otkf. near Stokeflcy. Marton, Yorkf. SE. of Kirby-Moorfide. Marton, Yorkf. SE. of Boroughbridge. Marton , Yorkf. NW. ©f Boroughbridge. Marton, Yorkf. E. of Eafingwould. Marion- Brooke, run- ninginto the Derwent, near Derby. Mar - ton, E. and IV. Yorkfh. E. of Gifborn. Marion, Great and Little, Lancafh. in Amoundernefs. Marton-Moss, Lanca- fliirc, in Auioundernefs. M a R t o R a N o, a town in Calabria Citra. Martorel, a town of Catalonia. Mart os, a town of Jaeu, Andalufia. Marvejols, a. tiding town in the department of Loze.re, 10 miles NW. of Mendc, and 300 S. of Paris. Marvel, ifle of V\ iglit, in\V. Medina. IMarvilLE, a town in the department of the Meufe, leated on the river Ofheim, 4 miles. W. of Longvyy. Marwood, ( M A R ' Marwood, a town of Durham, fitu- ated on the Tees, near Barnard-Caftle. Market on Wednefday. Mar wood Church, and Ah Idle , Dcvonf. NW.of Barnftaple. Alary born, -Si.. Hants, W. of Whitchurch. Mary Cjiurch , De- vonfhire, near Torbay. Mary Hill, St. Glamorganfhire. Maryland, one of the United States of America, lying about the N. end of Chefapeak Bay, which divides it into two parts, called the eaftern and weftern ftiores : bounded on the N. by Pennfyl- vania, on the E. by the ftate of Delaware, on the SE. and S. by the lea and Virgi- nia, and on the W. by the interior coun- try of America. It is 174 miles long, and 110 broad. It is divided into 18 counties, 10 of which are on the weftern and 8 on the eaftern Ihore of the Chefa- peak. The exports are wheat and to- bacco, which are the ftaple commodities; timber, hemp, flax, and barrelled pork ; there being vaft numbers of fwine, which run wild in the woods, feeding on the niaft or nuts of various kinds of trees. — The number of inhabitants is about 2G0,0 '0. The chief towns are Anna- polis and Baltimore. The, climate of this province, which in molt refpects re- fembles Virginia, is, generally mild and agreeable. Maryport, a town in Cumberland, fttuated at the mouth of the Ellen. It has 80 or 90 fail of Hupping, from 50 to 300 tons burden ; feme of which fail up the Baltic for timber, flax, iron, &c. The coal and coafting- trade and flfip- buildingvare carried on pretty extcnfivcly, and lately an extenfive cotton manufac- tory has been erected. Here is a furnace for caft-iron, and one of the fineft glais- houfes in the Britilh dominions. By a late furvey, the number of inhabitants amounted to 2G25. It is 7 rnilesNW. of Cockermouth, and 307 NNW. of Lon- don. Market on Friday. Mary, St. a fca-port of Maryland, fttuated near the mouth of the river Totomack. Mary , Si. Cambridge!! 1 , near W if- - beach. Mary's, St. Devonf. near Ou- tcry. Mary's, St. Kent, 5 miles NE. of Rochcfter. Mary s, St. Kent, be- tween Clift ami the lile of Gyeanc Ma- ' ry's, St. Kent, in Rumney Marlh, 2 miles N. of New Rumney. Alary's , St. Line. W. of \V alpole in Norf. Mary s, St Line, near Wainileet. Mary's, St. Norf. SE. of Walpole. Mary's , St. I-ants, near Southampton. iYUry’s ILver, St, a rives of N. MAS America, in Georgia, which ferjns a part of the fouthern boundary of t!ie United States, and enters Amelia Sound, m lau 30. 44. N. It is navigable for veflels of conftderable burden for 90 miles ; and its banks afford immenfe quantities of fine' tiihber fuited to the Weft- India markers. Mary’s Strait, St.* a ftrait in N. America, which forms the communica- tion between Lake Superior and Lake Huron. It is about 40 miles long; and at the upper end is a rapid fall or deiccnt, which, though it is impoffiblc for canoes to afeend, yet, when conducted by careful pilots, may bedefeended without danger. * Maryborough, a fmall borough, the county town of Queen’s County, in Lei nfter, conftderable for its woollen una- nufaft tires. It is 40 miles SSW. of Dublin. Mary Gerane’s House, a name given to Dunmore-Head, in Kerry, Mun- fter. Marza Sirocco, a fmall gulf or bay on the S. fide of the Me of Malta, The Turks landed here in 15G5, when they went to befiege Valetta, for which reaft n the Grand Mafter ordered three forts to be built, tvvO at the entrance of the gulf, and one on the point of land that advances into the middle of it. Marzilla, a town of Spain, in Na- varre, 30 miles S. of Pampeluna. Masafuero, a very high and moun- tainous ifiand, in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 31 leagues SW. of Juan Fernan- dez. There is plenty of wood and water all round the ifiand, and the N and W . fides atford good anchorage. Mas bate, one of the Philippine Iflands, almoft in the centre of the reft. It is 80 miles in circumference. The natives are moftly independent ; about 25Q families are tributary to the Spa- niards. Here are iome mines, which are not wrought. The principal produce is rice. Lat. 12. 0. N. Ion. 122. 25. E. Mashrook, Upper and Lower , Shropf. near Ofwcftry. Masbrough, a flourifhing village of Yorklhire, near Rotherham. Here is a confiderablc iron manufactory, with furnaces for fmelting the iron out of the ore, forges for making it malleable,, and mills for flatting the tin plates which are alfo tinned here. Great quan- i ities of goods of hammered iron arc made here for exportation ; and they alfo con- vert iron into ftcel, and calt all kinds, of voficls, &c. in the fame metal. M a s c a T E , the prin ci pal to wn of O m a n, oil .the coaft of Arabia, bolide a final! gulf en compelled, with ftcep rocks, and M A S forming an excellent harbour, in which the lafgeft veffels may find flicker. Arrian cal’s it Mosca, and fpeaks of it, as being in his time, a great emporium of the trade of Arabia, Perfia, and India 3 an advantage which it has ever enjoyed, and ftill poflefles. The Portugucfe conquered it about the year 1508, but the Arabs took it from them in 1653, and put all the garrifon to the fword, except 18, who turned Mahometans. The cathedral, built by the Portugucfe, is now the palace of the wait or governor, adding for the fchcik or iftian, and their other church is a ma- gazine. There are neither trees, fhrubs, nor grafs to lie feen on the coal! near it, and only a few date- trees in a valley at the back of the town, though they have all things in plenty. The bazars, or market-places, are covered with the leaves of date- trees, laid on beams, which reach from the houfe-tops on one fide, to thofe on the other. The horfes, cattle, and Iheep are accuftomed to eat roafled fifli 3 notwithftanding which, the beef and mut- ton are both good. Their religion is Mahometanifm, and yet they fuller any one to go into their mofques, contrary to the cuftom of the Turks. There are about 1200 Banians in this city, w r ho are permitted to bring their wives here, fet up idols in their chambers, and burn their dead, &c. The produdls of the country .are horfes, dates, fine brimfione, coffee, and ruinofs, a root that dyes red. Lat. 24. 0 N. Ion. 57. 26. E. Mas d’Asil, Le, a town in the de- partment of Arriege, 8 miles NNW. of Parafcon. M asengill, Lancafhire, near Kirby- Lonfdale. M a sham,, a town in the N. Riding of Yorkshire, with a cotton man ufaddory. It isfeated on the river Urc, 218 miles from London . M arket on *' I’uefday. Klashbury, Elfex, NW. of Chelmsford. Mask, Yorkshire, near Richmond. Mask , d orkl. on the coafl, NE. of -Gilborough. Ma skat. See Mascate. Maskelbury , Eflex, near White Roding. Mask el yk'e’s Isles, a group of fm all, but "beautiful iflands, lying off the Sid. point of Malljcollo, one of the New Hebrides. Lat. 16. 52. S. Ion. 167. 55. E. Maslascanlane, in Cork, Munfler. IVIasovxa, or Masu ren, an ancient province of Poland, confiding of two palatinates, Czerflc or Mafovia Proper, and Polotz. Warfaw is the -chief city. Massa, a town and territory of Italy, between the dominions of Genoa and Tufcany, united to Modena. It isfeated m a s 3 miles from the fea, and is famous for quarries of fine marble. Massa, a town of Lavora, Naples- Massa, a. town of Italy, in the Sien- nefe. Between this town and the fca is an unhealthy trad!, called Maremma di Sienna. Near it are found borax and lapis lazuli. Massachusets, one of the United States of N. America, bounded.on theN. by New Hamplhire and Vermont 3 on the W. by New York 3 on the S. by Connec- ticut, Rhode. Bland, and the Atlantic Ocean 3 and on the E. by that ocean and the Bay of Maflachulets. It is 120 miles long, and 50 broad 3 and is divided intQ 11 counties. It produces Indian corn, flax, hemp, hops, potatoes, beans, peas, fruits, &c. Iron has been found in im- menfe quantities 3 as likewife copper ore, black-lead, alum, flate, &c. This Hate owns more than one third part of the trade and flapping belonging to the United States. The negro trade was pro- hibited by law in 1778. The number of inhabitants, in 1790, was 378,787. Here are 265 towns, the principal of which are Bofton and Salem. They have ma- nufactories of leather, linen, and woollen cloth, and plenty of beef, pork, fowls, and filh. MASSAFRA,a town of Otranto, Naples. Masselek, a river in Cardigan fli. which runs into the Irifli Channel near Abery- ftuith. Mass er ano, a town and finall prin- cipality (a papal fief), infulated in Pied- mont. It is .21 miles NNW. ofVercelli. Massingham, Great, a town of Norfolk, near Rougham. Market on Friday. Massingham , Little , near Great Maf- fingham. Massy town, in Cork, Munfter. M asti co. Capo, a Cape on the W. fide of the illand of Scio, in the Archi- pelago. Mas thorn, Cumberland, nearl lath wait!, bMaston, Wiltfliire, S. of Highworth. Masuah, or Matsuah, (called by the G reeks Sebasticum Os, from the ca- pacity of its port), an ifland in the Red Sea, near the coafl: of Abyfiinia, three quarters of a mile long, and nearly half a mile broad. One third of it is occupied by Jioti&s, another by ciflerns to receive rain water, and the 1 ait is referred for burying the dead. The houfes, in ge- neral, are built of poles and bent grafs, as in the towns of Arabia. Here is an excellent harbour, with water deep enough for flfips of any Use, where they may MAT ride in the utmoft fecurity, from whatever point, or with whatever degree of ftrength the wind blows, to the edge of the illand. Lat. 15. 45. N. Ion. 40. 3.E. Masulipatam, a fea-port, with ma- nufactures of chintzes and printed linens, feated near the mouth ot the Kiftna, in the circar of Condapilly, on the coail of Coromandel. Lat. 16. 8. N. Ion. 81. 12. E. Mataca, or Mantaca, a commo- dious bay in the Weft-Indies, on the N. coaft of Cuba. Here the galleons ufually come to take in freih water on their re- turn to Spain. It is 35 miles E. of the Havannah. Matagorda, a fort which covers the entrance of Cadiz harbour. M at A L o N a, a townof Lavora, Naples. Mataman, or Cimbeba, a country of Africa, S. of Renguela, on the coaft of the Atlantic, extending from lat. 16 to 24. S. and Ion. 13. to 18 E. It is little vifited by Europeans. Matamea, a large country in the inte- rior parts of Africa. Lat. about 9. S. Ion. 22. E. Matapan, cr C ag li a Cape, the raoft fouthern promontory of the Morea, E. of the Gulf ofCoron. Lat. 36. 33. N. Ion. 22. 40. E. Mataram, a territory of Java, on the S. ftde, near the centre of the illand. Lat. 8. 20. S. Ion. 110. 13. E. Mataro, a town of Catalonia, re- markable for its glafs works, and other manufactures. The vineyards in its en- virons produced a wine, much famed for its flavour* Matching , and Matching Barnes , Eliex, near Harlow. Matelles, Les, a town in the de- partment of Herault, 8 miles N. of Montpellier. Mater a, a town of Bafdicata, Naples. Matford , Devonfh. near Exeter. Ma- tham , Great , Kent, in Benenden parifh. Malliam , Little , or Lowden , Kent, near Great Matham. Machanan , a rivulet in Anglefea, which runs into the Irilh channel, below Llanbaderick. Matham, Monm. S. of Chepftow. Matham, Ileref. near Malvern- Hills. Mather n, a river in Cardiganlhire, which runs into the Tivy at Llanbeder. Mathfield, Up- per and Nether, or Mayfield. Staff, on the Dove, near Alhborn, in Derbyfhire. Mathlington , Shroplhire, NW. of Bi- fhop’s-Caftle. Malhon, 7 miles from Worcefter. Mathry, Pembrokef. Mat- lask, Norfolk, between N. Walfhamand Holt. Matlock t Derby lh. near Wirkf- j\t A U worth, fituated on the river Derwent, 17 miles N. of Derby. It has two baths, whofe waters arc milk warm, and effica^ cious in cholicky, confumptive, and cu- taneous cafes. It is an extenfive, ftrag- gling village, built in a very romantic ftyle, on the fteep fide of a mountain, the houles riftng regularly one above another, from the bottom to nearly the fuminit. There are good accommodations for tluj numerous company who refort to the baths ; and petrifactions, cryftals, and other curiofities for fale. Notwithftanding the rockinefs'of the foil, the cliffs of the rocks produce an immenfe number of trees, whofe foliage adds greatly to the beauty of the place. Matshall, Norfolk, near E. Dereham. Matson , near Glouceft. Matsumay, a fea-port of Jedfo, ca- pital of a province of the fame name, tri- butary to Japan. Lat. 41. 0. N. Ion. „ 138. 55. E. Maiteleigh , Chefhire, NE. of Stopford. Malterdale, Cumberl. NE. of Kefwick, in Grayftock parifh. Mattersey , Notting- hamfhire, on the Idle, near Bautree. Mattheo, St. a town of Arragon. Mattheo, St. an ifland of Africa, 420 miles diftant from Cape Palmas, the neareft land on the coaft of Guinea. It was planted by the Portuguefe, who have now a fettlement here. Veflels frequently flop here fome days to take in refrefh- ments. Lat. 1. 24. S. Ion. 6. 10. W. Matthew’s, St. an ifland in the Indian Ocean, near the coaft of Siam. Lat. 9. 35. N. Ion. 97. 52. E. Matthew s Green , Berks, near Oking- ham. Matting ley, Hants. N. of Hartley Row. Mattishcd, Norfolk. Maubeuge, a town in the depart, of the North, feated on the river Sambre, 12 miles S. of Moas. It was ceded to France by the treaty of Nimeguen, when Louis XI V - . ordered if to be fortified. Siangan, Cornwall, NW. of Columb- Magna. Maugcrsbury , Gloucef. m Stow parifh. Maulam, Yorkf. $E. of Settle. Mauldah, a city of Bengal, fituated on a river that communicates with the Ganges. It is a place of trade, and pro- duces, in particular, much filk. It is 52 miles N. of Moorfhedabad, and 190 N, of Calcutta. Maulden, Bedfordfhire, near AmpthilT. Mauld' s-Meburn, Weftmorland, in the parifh of Crofby-Ravenfworth. Mauleon, a town in the department of Lower Pyrenees, 20 miles WSW of Pau and a town in the dept, of Upper Pyrenees, 9 miles SE- of La Barth G. Maulswkk, Glouceft in Newcntparifli. Malra- M A W , Maura, St. or LEUCADiA,an ifland of the Mediterranean, near the coaftof .Albania, lately fubject to Venice. It is about • 48 miles in circumference. The town of St. Maura is firongly fortified,' and contains 5 or GOO inhabitants. Lat. 59. 4. N. Maure, St. a town in the depart, of lndre and Loire, 17 miles S. of Tours, and 148 S„W. of Paris ; alfo a town in the department of Paris, and a town in the department of Aube. Mauriac, a trading town in the dept, of Cantal : the horfes are reckoned the heft in Prance. It is feated near the river Dordogne, 36 miles VYNW. of St. Flour. Maurice, St. or Moritzen', St. a final! town of the country of Vallais, ittuated on the Rhone, between 2 hills, 10 miles NNW. of Varigny. It is a great thoroughfare from Geneva, Mount St. Bernard, See. Maurienne, a narrow valley in the flept. of Mont Blanc, 50 miles in length, extending to MountCenis,whichfeparates itfrom Piedmont. St. John is the capital. Mauritius. See Isle ofFrance. Maurua, one of the Society Illands rn the S. Pacific Ocean, furrounded by a reef of rocks, without a harbour It is 14 miles W. of Bolabola. Mawhorrotv » Cumberland, near Ireby. Mawes, St. a ftraggling town in Cornwall, confiding of only one ftreec, without a minifter, or either church or chapel ; yet it fends two members to the Britifh Parliament. . A caftle was built here in the reign of Henry VIII. oppofite that of Pendennis, for the better protec- tion of Falmouth haven. It has a go- vernor and a deputy governor, with two gunners and a platform - of guns. It is built undera hill, fronting the fea, on the E. fide of Falmouth Haven, 3 miles from the town ? and 250 W. by S. of London. Matt' gem, Cornwall, SYV . of iicl- fton. Mawkan, in Armagh, Ulfter. Mania, Cornwall, SW. of St. Anns. A fowling, Su-ilcx, N. of Lewes. Mazsjn- biery, or Mo anbury, the name by which the neighbouring inhabitants call the amphitheatre, a celebrated monument of Roman antiquity, the firft dilcovery of which wc owe to Sir Chriftcrpher Wren, It is fttuaicd on a plain about a quarter of a mile SW . of Dorchefter, on a gentle defeent all the way to it, clofe by the Roman road which runs thence to Wey- mouth, On the fiigheii part is a terrace M A Y 12 feet broad, bcficle the parapet, out- wardly 5 feet broad and 4 high. There are three ways leading up to the terrace. A walk, 8 feet broad, gradually afcerxU to the top, from the ends, upon the long*; ft diameter, to its greateft elevation in the middle, upon the fhort diameter, where it reaches halfway up the whole feries of feats. The receptacle of wild beafts was at the upper end, where ate Hill, vaults under the body of the work. The area, which has been much deeper, is frill be- low the furfe.ee of the field. It confifts of about an acre of ground, and origi- nally was about 140 feet in diameter, the fhorteft way, and 220 the longeft. The greateft perpendicular height of the ram- part is 50 feet. It is capable of con- taining 129-GOO perfons, and is laid to have been conftrudted by Agricola. Coins of the Emperor in 240, have been dug up within it. Mawnam , Cornw. near the mouth of Helford- haven. Mate sit, Yorkf. S. of Skipton. Maxey Cast It', Nor'thamp on theWelland, oppofite to YV eft Deeping. Maxjidd, Suliex, SW. of Winchelfea. ^ Maxi min, St. a town in the dept, of Var, 20 miles N. of Toulon. Alfo a town in the department of Ifere, and a town and abbey of Treves. Massed- , Hants, NW. of Bifhop’s- Waltham. May, a fmall ifland of Scotland, at the mouth of the Frith of Forth, with a light-houfe, 5 miles S. of Fifenefs. May, a river'ofCarnarvonfh. which runs into the Irifh channel, 3 miles W. of Crickhalth. Maydcn- Cross. , Northumberland, near Cockiaw-lxill, on the borders of Scotland. Mayence. SeeMENTZ. Mayen ne, a department of France, bounded on the E. by the department of Sarte, and on the S. by the Mayne and Loire. It is fo named from a river which palles by Ambrier, Mayenne, Laval, Cha- teau Gontier, See. and joining the Sarte about a league N. of Angers, forms the Mayne. The city of Mayenne is about 1G miles N. of Laval. Mayes Hid, Glouc. in Waterleigh pa- lifh. Mates- Hill, Kent, near Sitting- bourn. Muyfidd, Sullex, E. of Afhdown I o reft. Mayjor'd, Surrv, near Woking. May Laid, Durham, W. of Bifhop- Auck- land. May land, Eflbx, near South Mi nicer. Maylerds, EH ex, SW . trf Hornchurch. May n and Loi re, a department of France, bounded on the E. by the dept, of Indre and Loire, and on, the W. hy i!)e dept, of Lowqr Loire. I he river Mayne formed by the union of th« Maycruw M E A M A Z Mayenne and Sartc, runs into the Loire about 4 miles below Angers. *Maynooth, a neat, well built town of Kildare, in Leinfter, 12 miles W. of Dublin. -1 laynston, Sfiropf. near Bifhop’s-Caftle. JMay, or Mayo, one of the Cape de Verd 1 v " nds, lying in the Atlantic Oeean, about 21 miles in circumference, its form oval, with a variety of lharp rocks and points projecting into the lea about a mile. The foil confifts of fand, or a loofe, crumbling ilone, without rivulets, fprings, or any natural moifture, except the dews in the night, and Ihowers in the wet feafon $ however, they have plenty of beeves, goats, and a fifes ; as alfo, fome corn, yams, potatoes, plantains, figs,- water-melons, citrons, oranges, pompions, and calavanas, or a fpecies of bean. In the whole ifland is but one fpring, which rifes in the centre, and runs off in a fmall dream through a valley confined by the hills. Here are no large trees ; what few they have are on the fide of the hills. Here is a large falt-por.d, 2 miles in length, and half a mile in breadth : with this commodity many Englifh fnips are loaded in .the fummer time. The fea is plentifully flocked with a variety of fifh. The inhabitants are negroes, who fpeak the Portugucfe language, and are ft out, luftv, and plump. There are only three villages, the principal of which is Pinofa, with a church, and about 200 inhabitants, many of whom go naked. Lat. 15, 10. N. Ion. 22. 25. W. Mayo, a county of Ireland, in the pro- vince of Connaught, 49 miles in length, and 44 in breadth. It contains 68 pa- rilhes, about' 27,970 houfes, and 140,000 inhabitants, and is hounded on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the N. and NE. by the ocean and Sligo, on theE. and SE. by Rofcommon and Galway, and on the S. by Galway. The weftern coaft is mountainous, and fcarccly inhabited j but in the interior there are good paftures, lakes, and rivers, with feveral excellent harbours on the coaft. Its ancient capi- tal, Mayo, is gone to decay. Ballinrobe is now reckoned the chief town, but the afiizes are held at Caftlebar. Mayotta, the moft foutherly of the Comora iflands. Maypole, in W. Meath, Leinfter. May ponder, Dorfetlh. N\V. of Mid- dleton. May ss mere, 2 miles NW. of Gloucefter. Maza gan, a ruined town and fortrefs of Morocco, 65 miffs NNW. of the city 'of Morocco.. Mazanderan. See Me zander an-. Mazara, a fea- port of Sicily, on the SYv . coaft, with a good harbour. It is the capital of a confidemble valley of the fame name, the w-efterly divifion of the ifland, fertile, and well watered with fe- veral rivers. Lat. 37. 42. N. Meaco, or Kio, -a town of Niphon, in japan, the ancient metropolis of the whole empire, and the refidence of the ancient and prefen t dairos. Meaco is ftill the grand ftore-houfe of all the manufac- tures of Japan, and foreign and home merchandife. Here they refine their me- tals, print books, and weave and dye the fineft filks and fluffs ; make japan work* porcelain, mufical inftruments, paintings, carvings, gold, filver,- and copper work, fteel of the fineft temper and curious workmanfhip, gowns, toys, trinkets, &c. The inhabitants are faid to be 60,000 in number, befide firangers who come hither to trade. Lat. 35. 30. N. Ion. 136. 25. E. Meadham , or Meudhatn, Norfolk, near Iiarlefton. Meadhond Park, Sul lex, N. of Petworth. Meadia, a town in the Eannat of Tc-* mefwar, Hungary. Meadstowii , in Meath, Leinfter. Meales, Lancafhire, on the coaft be. tween the Mofte and the mouth of the Kibble. Mean, E. and IV. Hants, near Petersfield, to the weft. Mean ’ Stock , Hants, NE. of Bifhop's- Waltham. Me ao ? one of the fmallMclucca Iflands. Mear, Somerlctlh. near Glaftonbury. Mear, Staffbrdfhire, near Wcfton. Mear , Stafford (hire, near Newcaftlc- under- Line. Mear, Staffordl. near Newport, in Shrop- fliirc. Mear, Staffordl. near Bobbiugton. Mearns. See Kincardineshire, Measham, Derbyftiire, near Aihby-de- la-Zouch. Meath, a county of Ireland, in tha provinte of Leinfter, 30 miles from N. to S. and from 25 to 35, from E. to W. bounded on the N. by Cavan and Louth, on the E. bv the Irifli Channel, on the S. by Kildare and Dublin, and on the W. by Longford and Weft Meath. It contains 147 parifhes, about 22,468 houfes, and 1 12,400 fouls, and is a fine champaign country, abounding with corn, and fatten- ing numerous flocks and herds. Tho bogs are neither numerous nor extcnfivc. Much coarfc linen is made in this county. Trim is the county town. Meath, West, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter, bounded on the W . by Longford and Rofcommon, on the N. by Longford and Cavan, on the E. by Meath and Kildare* ami on the S. by M E C by King’s County. Its greateft length is 38 miles; its greateft breadth 2 1 . It contains 6? parilhes, about 1' 706 houfes, and 69000 inhabitants; and beftdes Lough Kee, formed by the Shannon on its vveft- em extremity, it is watered by a number of other agreeable lakes ; as the Loughs Leign, Derrivaragh, Iron, Ennel, Drin, and Bannean Annagh, the rivers Inn y, Brofna, &c. Here is a great proportion of grafs land, yet more corn is raifed than ferves lor the confumption of the inhabitants. The chief town is Mul- lingar, where the fecond great fair in the kingdom for wool is held. IUeaux, a large, handfome, and po- pulous town in the dept, of Seine and Marne, feated on the river Marne, 25 miles ENE. of Pavo. Me c a n, M e c o n, M i c o n, or C a m- ®°Ja» a large river of Afia, which rifes in Thibet, and flowing, SE. through the Chinefe province of Yunnan, and the kingdoms of Idaho s and Cambodia, falls by two mouths into the Indian Ocean, 200 miles below the city of Cambodia, which gives its own name to the eaflern branch. Mecca, a city of Ilcdias, in Arabia, feated on a barren foot, in a valley, fur- rounded by little hills, about a day’s jour- ney from the Red Sea. It lias neither walls nor gates,- but the buildings are better here than in any other town of Arabia- W hat chiefly fupports it, is the annual refort of a great many thoufand prig-rims at a certain Jeafon of the year; lor, at other times, the fhops are Scarcely open. The inhabitants are poor, very thm, lean, and fvvarthy. The hills about the town are numerous ; all conflft of a hinckifh rock ; and fome of them are half a mbe in circumference.' The town has plenty of water, and yet little garden- ftufl; but there are feveral forts of good fruit, as grapes, melons, water-melons, ami cucumbers. Numbers of fheep are brought hither to be fold to the pilgrims. Mecca Hands in a very hot climate, and the inhabitants ufually fleep on the tops of their houfes, for the lake of coolnefs. Among its edifices, the moft remarkable is the famous Kaba, or Hotife of God, held in high veneration hy the Arghars, even before the days of' Mahomet, and laid to have been Abraham’s houfe of prayer. The Kaba is a fqnare lower, co- vered on the top with a piece^f black, gold- embroidered fiik fluff. It has 42 doors, and refembles, in its form*, the Royal Exchange, but is near ten times as large. The ground in the middle, or area, i\r e c is moftly covered with gravel. There are cloiflers all round, and in the ITdes are cells for tlmfe that live a inonaftic life. The arcades around the fquare are faid to be magnificent, and arc illuminated with a vail number of lamps, and candlefticks of gold and fllver. In the Kaba is a Angular relic, the famous black ftone/ faid to have been brought from heaven by the Angel Gabriel, which every Muf- fulman muftkifs, or at leaft touch, every time he goes round the Kaba. Here alfo is the W ell of Zemzen, faid to have been that where Hagar quenched the third of Ifmael. Lat. 21. 45. N. Ion. 40. 55. E. Mechlin, or Malines, a town and diftrieft of the late Auftrian Brabant. It confifts of feveral fmall iftands, made by artificial canals, over which are a great many bridges. Here is a very large houfe, in which are brought up 800 or 1000 young girls, and a great foundry for ord- nance of all kinds. It is famous for its manufactures in bed-quilts, thread, and particularly in fine lace, and they brew a fort of beer, which is fent into the neigh- bouring provinces, it is feated on the river Dyle, 10 miles NNE. of,BrufleIs. Mechoacan, or Vallaeolid, a province of Mexico, on the South Sea, bounded on the N. by part of Guafteca, and the provinces of Zacatecas arid Gua- dalajara, and on the S. by Mexico Pro- per, and the South Sea. It extends about 7-0 leagues along the coaft, and ftill farther inland ; the foil is remarkably fertile and the climate good. Jt is very rich, and abounds in excellent horfes, honey, wax, and all the ngceliaries of life. It has alfo mines of fllver and copper, and great plenty of cocoa-nuts, befide a great deal of fitk. The capital, of the fame name, is about 70 miles from Mexico, in lat. 20. 5. N. Ion. 103. 47. W. Mecklenburg, a principality of Lower Saxony, including the duchies of Schwerin and Gufiro, which are divided into three circles, Mecklenburg, Wen- den, and Stargard. It extends 135 miles in length, and 90 where broadeft. It abounds in corn, paftures, and game; and is well feated on the Baltic for foreign trade. The fovereignty of this country is divided between the houfe of Meck- lenburg Schwerin, which is the el deft branch, and has a revenue of 300,000 rix dollars per annum, and the houfe of Mecklenburg ■ Strclitz, whole revenue amounts to about 126,000 rix dollars. Meckley, a large province of India, bounded on the N. by A Ham and Thibet op the E. by Chips, on the W. by Ben-. S al * M E 1) M E D gal, and on the S. by Rolhaan and Bur- ma h. It is fubject to the king of Burmah. Mecon. SeeMncAN. MeCRAN. SeeMACKERAN. M edborn, Leiccfterfhire ,S . of Hallaton. Medborn, Wilts, near Swindon. Med- born Maud's, W eftmoreland, A’' . of Ap- pleby. il fedcohib, Devonfh. near Mar- wood. Medely, Shropfhire, SW. of Bridgenorth. Medelin, a town of Spanilh Eftrama- dura, feated on the fiver Guadiana. Medelpadia, a maritime province of Sweden,- in Norland, N. of the province of Helfingia, about 90 miles in length and 46 in breadth. It is very mountainous and full of forells, which abound in deer and game of all forts, and its lakes and river fupply them with plenty of filh. There is alfo a fufficiency of grain, and plenty of cattle, it has only one fea- port, Sundl well the capital. Medemblick, a town of the United Provinces, in W. Friefland, feated on the Zuyder-Zee, with a good harbour. They trade chiefly in timber brought from the Baltic. It has a houfe belonging to the Eaft India Company, As 9 miles N. of Hoorn, and 22 NNE. of Amflerdam. Medford , Dorfetfhire, near Catflock. Me dhole, Ifle of Wight, inE. Medina. Medina, a city of Hedjas, in Arabia Felix, celebrated for being the burial place of Mahomet. It is of moderate extent, is walled round, and has a large inofque but nothing like the, temple at Mecca. In one corner is a place, 14 paces fquare, with great windows, and brafs gates, and in the middle the tomb of Mahemet, inclofed within iron rails, hung with curtains, and farrounded by a vaft number of lamps. The tomb is not expofcd to any, except the 40 eu- nuchs who guard it, and light the lamps. It is placed between two other tombs, in which left the afhes of the two firffc Cailiphs. The.ftory of its being fuf- pended in the air by a loadltone is now well known to be a fable. Proviflons are brought to this place out of Nubia, acrols the Red Sea, in odd fort of vefi'els, whofe fails are made, of mats, it is called the city of the Prophet, becaufe here he protedled by the inhabitants when lie -fled from Mecca ; and here he was firfl: ii welted with regal power. The time of his death was in 637 ; but the Maho- metan epoch begins in 622, from the time of his flight. It is feated on a fandy ■pi ’n, abounding in palm-trees, 176 miles ' 'V . of Mecca. Lat. 24. 20. N. Ion. 4. ■ , E. Medina Celi, a town in OldCaftile, fltuatedon the Xalon. Medina-de-los-Torres, a town of Span! Ill Eftremad ura . Medina-del-Campo, a conliderable town of Leon, endowed with great privi- leges. It is a trading place, 2($ miles . SSW. of Valladolid, and 7b NNW. of Madrid. M EDI N A- D E L- R I O-SeC C O, a town of Leon, 14 miles NW. of Valladolid. Medina Sidonia, a town of Andalu- fia, 20 miles SE. of Cadiz. Mediterranean, the name of the fea between Afla, Africa, and Europe, communicating with the ocean by the Straits of Gibraltar, and with the Black Sea by the Dardanelles, the Sea of Mar- mora, and the Strait of Conftantinople. Its name, fignifying Middle of the Earth , was given to it by the ancients, who where then acquainted with little more of the furface of the globe, than the regions which encompafs it. Medlen, Lane, in Amoundernefs. Med- ley, High, Vorkf. b miles NE. of Wake- field. Medlock, a river in Lane, running into the irwell, near Manchefier. Med- ley, -Low , Yorkf. between Leeds and Pomfret. Mednam, Bucks, near Great Marlow. Mednik, or Warmic, a town of Po- land, in Samogitia, 60 miles SW. of Mittau. Medua, a town of Algiers, feated, in a fertile country, 180 miles SW. of the city of Algiers. Med way, a river riling in Surry, in four different branches, which unite in Kent, where it waters Tunbridge, and from Maidftone is navigable to Iiochefrei j below which, at Chatham, it is a ftatioa for the royal navy. It falls into the Thames at the Nore. From Rochefter Bridge to Sheernefs, the difiance is about 17 miles. In this part of the river, the 'channel is fo deep, the banks fo loft, and the reaches fo Ihort, that it is one of the belt and fafeft harbours in the world. 'The forts of Epnor and Gillingham, eref the fame name, and feated at the M EL the mouth of the river Quiimanci, in an agreeable plain. It is a large, populous place, in which the Portuguefe have 1.7 churches and 9 convents. The houses arc built of fquare Hone, for the moll part (lately, ami fome magnificent. They have warehoufes well provided with fiiks, cottons, linen cloth, corn, and other com- modities, which they receive in exchange from the foreigners who refort hither for gold, copper, quickfilver, ivory, Haves, elephants’ teeth, ollrich feathers, wax, aloes, lena, and other drugs. The coun- try produces plenty of rice, fugar, cocoa- nuts, and other tropical fruits. It is lur- rouuded on all fides l>y fine* gardens, and has a good harbour j but h is at fome dii- tance, and* he entrance difficult and dan- gerous, on account of the great number of fhoals and rocks hid under water. The inhabitants confifl of Chr;ltians and negroes, which lair have their own king aud religion, and the number of both is faid to amount to 200,000. Lat. 3. 10. S. Ion. 39. 40. E. Melito, a town of Principato Ultra. *Melksham, a town of W ilts, with a confiderable manufactory of fine broad doth. It is fituated on the river Avon, on the road betweeuDevizesandBath',9CmiIes W. of London. Market on Saturday. Mel Ians, St. Monm. NE; of Cardin'. Melle, a town of Ofnaburg, and a town of Flanders, 3 m les SSE. oi Ghent. Melle,a town in the dept, of the Two Sevres, 13'miles S. ol St. Maixent. Metier, Derby!', in Gloflop parifti, near the High Peak. AJelles, Suffolk, near Buddefdale. Al'elles, Suffolk, near Blyth- , ford and Ilalefvvorth. Melles , Cheshire, near High Lake. Mellichap , Shropshire, N. of M unflow. Mcllihg, Lane, near Hornby Caftle. M EL L I N G E N, or M EL LI NG, a tOWll of Weimar, Upper Saxony. MeUington, Lancafnirc, S. of Ormfkirk. Melting's House, St. Cornw. N\V, of Salt - afh. Mellis, Somerfctf. 2 miles W. of l'rome. Alellor, Lane, in Blackburn pa- rifh. Meitner by, Cumb. SE. of Ilefket. Meitner by, Yorkf. near Newby. M ei- ther by, \ orkf. on the river Cover, S. of Midi am. Melnik, a town of Boldlau, Bohemia, fituated at the conflux of tire rivers Elbe and Moldau. Melok, Cornwall, NE. of Bottreaux- Caftle. Mdmgh River, in Down, Ulffer. Alelplash , Dorfetlhire, near Bemmfter, Alelplash, E- and if - a mile SS. of Ne- thprby. M E N Mel ross, a. town of Roxburghlhire* clofe by which are the magnificent re- mains of Melrofs Abbey, the lineft of any in Scotland, founded in 1 156, by David L Part of it is at prefent ufed for public worthip. In 1791, 1232 pieces of linen cloth were whitened here. Melrofs is feated on the Tweed, 28 milt’s SSW. of Edinb, M E L ri c H st a D T, a town and bailiwick of'Wurtzburgf, Franconia. Alelsotiby^ orklhire, NE. ofRichmond. Alelta, a river in Brecknock fhin 1 , which runs into the ITepley, near Ifi radwel thy* Mellon, Suffolk, near Vi- oodbridge. n I el- ion, \ orkf. near Hull. Mellon Constable •, Norfolk, SW. of Molt. Mellon Rosss, * Line, near Great and Little Lymbergh. Melton, West, Yorkf. W. of Melton-on- the Hill. Melton, Magna , and Parva , Norfolk, NE. of Windham. Melton-on , - ike-! Jill, Yorkf. 3 miles from Don cal ter. *M £ L TO N M O W E RAY, a tOWll of Lci- cefterlhire, feated on, and almoft encom- pafied with the little river Eye, over which are two handle me Hone bridges. Th« lioufes 'are well built. It is a large town, with a confiderable market for cattle, pro- vifions,&c. It is 15 miles S. by E. of Not- tingham, and 106 N. bv W. of London. Market on Tueiilay. Lairs on the firft Tueftlay after January 1 7th j Whitfuu Tucfday ; and Auguft 2 iff. A Jell 0 /i by, Yorkf. near Pocklington. Mel un, a town in the dept, of Seine and MarnCj feated on the Seine, IQ miles N. of Eontairibleau. Metier ley, Shropshire, n«ir Shrawerdcn Caftle. Ale Wood-Par Line, in Ax- holm Ifle- Me ttibu.ru , Dev.onftiire, SVV . of Chard, Me MEL, a town of Pruflia, in Lithua- nia, with the finelt harbour in the Baltic^ and a very extenlivc commerce j but it is an ill built town, with narrow, dirty ffreets. It is lcated on the N. extremity of the Curifch Iiarf, 72miles NNE. of Koningf- burg. Lat. 55. 46. N. Ion. 21 28. Ik Alemland , Devonlhirc, near Plymouth. Mem m ingen, a free town of Suabia, fituated on the lller,22 miles SSE. of Ulm. Memsted, Hants, in the New Foreft, Menagessey, Cornwall, SW. of Fowey. Menai, a river or channel between the Ifle of Anglefea, and the county of Ca- meroon. Menan, a large river of Siam, which runs through it from N. to S. palles by the dty of Siam, and falls into the Gulf of Siam' below Bankok. There are feve- ral lingular fifties in it, befide crocodiles, wh eh are common in thefe pajts. Menan cabo, a town and (mall king- dom M E N dom of Sumatra, on theSW. coaft, oppo- fite the Ifle of Nailau. Mende, a populous town, capital of the department of Lozere, fituated on an eminence near the Lol. The fountains, " and one of thefteeples of the cathedral, are remarkable. It has manufa&ures of {crges and other woollen (tufts ; and is 35 njiles SSW. of Puy, and 210 S. byE. of Paris. Mendham , Suff. 1 mile from Harlefton. Men dip Hills, in old records called Moinedrop, a lofty, mineral traCl, ftrctching from E. to W. and from N. to S. of Somerfetfhire, and abounding in toal, lead, and lapis caliminaris. The lead is~of a. harder quality than that of Derby (hire, and is moftly exported, or ufed for making bullets, (hot, &c. The lapis calaminaris is carried to Briftol, &c. to be ufed in the making of brafs. Cop- per, marigenefe, bole, and red ochre, are alio found in thefe hills. On their Tum- mits are vait heaths, covered with fern, which feed great numbers of (heep and cattle, but in which, however, are foine fwampy ftats, dangerous to, crofs. Mendlesham, a town of Suffolk, fituated near the rile of the river Dcben, among deep miry roads, 18 miles E. of Bury, and 82 NE. of London. Market on Tuefday. Mendoza, a town and jurifdiction of Chili, E. of the Cordillera?. Mendoza Islands. See Mar- quesas. Men dr ah, a town and diftriCt of Fezan, 60 miles S. of Mourzouk. The quantity of trena, a fpecies of foflil al- kali, that floats on the furfacc, or fettles on the banks of its numerous fmoking lakes, has given a higher importance to this barren country than that of the moil fertile dlfi ridts. The trona is conveyed to Tripoli, and (hipped off for Tunis, Turkey, and particularly Morocco, where it is employed in the red dye of the lea- ther, for which they are io famous. Menebilly , Cornwall, between Foy and Trewardreth Bay. Me neho u l d, St . a confiderable town in the dept, of Marne, (ituilted in, a mo* iafs between two rocks, near the river Aifne, 20 miles ENE. of Chalons, and 1 10 E. of Paris. Menhinuick , or Menkeniock , Cornw- MW. of Launcefton. Men in, a ftrongly fortified town of Flanders, often taken and retaken in the late wars. It is lea ted on the river Lis, 10 miles N. of Lille. Mvnlough, in Galway, Connaught. M E Q Menstcm , \ orkf. near Otley. Men- /hot p, \ orkf. SW. of New Mai ton... Men/more , Bucks, NE. of Aylelbury. Menton, a town of Monaco, in Italy, with a caftle, 5 miles NE. of Monaco. Mentz, a large populous city in the circle of the Lower Rhine, capital of the electorate of Mentz, with an'univerfity, and an archbifhop’s fee. The arch-bifhop is an elector of the empire, archchancel- lor of the empire, keeper of the ar- chives, and director of the general and particular affemblies. He alfo convokes the electoral colleges, and is the firlt Hate of the , empire, after the emperor and the king. The chapter confifts of b pre- lates, and 19 capitulars. This city is finely fituated, built, however, in an irregular manner, with narrow ltreets and old falhioned houfes, and containing, befides the parilh churches, 6 monafteries, 5 nunneries, and 6 hofpitals. The cathe- dral is a gloomy fabric. Here are ma- nufactures of (lockings and fluffs. Many of the puhlick buildings, and private houfes, have been deltroyed, or greatly injured, during the late fieges. Mentz is feated on the Rhine, (Toon, after its confluence with the Maine) over which is a bridge of boats communicating with Cafiel. It is 20 miles N. of Worms. f Lat 49. 59. N. Ion. 8. 20. E. Mentz, the Archbishgprick of, a country of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, and lying upon that river. It is about 50 miles in length, and : 20 in breadth, a very fertile territory, hut , confiderably difperfed. In the whole ‘ eleCIoral circle are 41 cities and 21 bo- l roughs. Befides the proper archbifhop- rick, the eleClor of Mentz is fovereign of the country of Eichsfeld, Eisfeld, or Eifeld ; and alfo of the city and Territory of Erfort. Menzala, a town of Egypt, fituated near a large lake of the fame name, which runs parallel with the Medilenancar^ 20 miles SSE. of Damictta. Meolesy Chefti. near Hyle Lake. Meo- phaniy Kent, 4 miles S. of Gravefend. Me paly Cambridgelh. in the Tile of Ely. Meppen, a town of Munfter, in Weftphalia, fituated at the -conflux of the l iafeand Ems. Mcpshall, Bedfordfliirc, 4 miles from Bigglefvvade. Meouinenza, a town of Arragon, feated. in an angle at the confluence of the rivers Cinca and Segra, where they both fall into the Ebro, 16 miles SS\\ . of Lerida. Me^uinez, a city of Fez, in Mo- rocco, „ M E R rocco,v26 miles SW. of Fez, the refi- dence of the emperor, and the capital of the whole empire. Hither the balhaws and alcayds refort with the tribute and prtflents every two or three years. In the middle of the city the Jews have a place , to themfelves, walled in and guarded, with an alcayd to protedf them. It is death for them to curie, or lift up a hand againft a Moor, info ranch that the boys kick them about at their pleafure. They are obliged to wear black clothes and caps,, and to pull off *their fhoes whenever they pals by a mofque. Clofeby Mequinez, on the NW. fide, hands a large negro town, which takes up as much ground as the city, but the houfes are not fo high, nor fo well built. The palace hands on the S. fide, and is guarded by feveral , hundreds of black eunuchs, who are armed with knives and feimiters, covered with wrought filver. It is an extenfive building, and includes feveral gardens'. I he ff reels are exceedingly narrow, with hardly any of the windows to be feen, except little holes to look out at. The houfes are flat at the top, fo that, in many places, they can walk a great way ppon them. The women live in the up- per apartments, and often vifit each other from the tops of the houfes. When they go abroad, they have their heads covered with their outward garment, which comes dowm clofe to their eyes ; and underneath they tie a piece of white cloth, to hide the lower part of their faces. They are ffuite covered all over,' except their legs, tvhicli are generally naked; but within doors they appear in their hair, and have only a fingle fillet over their foreheads, I Here, as well as at Morocco, is a hof- | pital' or convent of Spanifli Recollects, founded by the Kings of Spain, for the benefit of Chriftian captives, the fathers of both which, lupply the poor with medicines gratis. It is feated in a plain, furrounded with fertile well- watered val- ues and eminences, 26 miles SW. of Fez, and 165 NE. of Morocco. Lat. 33. 56. N, Ion. 6. G. W. Mer, or Me mars, a town in the de- partment of Loir and Cher, 10 miles NE. of Rlois. f Me ran, a town of Tirol, feated at the conflux of the Adige and the Paffer. AIerazion, or Market Jew, a mean town in Cornwall, feated on a dan- gerous arm of the fea, called Mount’s- Hav, 3 miles E of Penzance, and 233 'W.ljy- S/of London. Market onThurfday. _ i Merden , Wilts, 2 miles NW. of Up- fiaven. .4 Igrden, £. fV. A’, and Upper, ME R Suflex, on the borders of Hants. Merden, Little, , Bucks, NW. of Aylefbury. Mer- den, or Meriden , NW. of Hertford. Mer din, a town of Afia,' in Djarbeck, fubjeCI to the Turks, who have a bafhaw here, with .200 fpahis and 500 janizaries. It is 50 miles S. of Diarbekar. Merdisfen , Northumb. in the manor of Eland. Mere , Chef, near Knottesford. Mere, Sonrerf. near Pen. Mere, Staff', at the head of the river Tern. Mere , De~ vonfli. NE. of Tiverton. Mere, a town of W iltfhire, feated in an angle, bordering upon Somerfetlhire and Dorfetftiire, 23. miles NW. of Salis- bury, and 100 W. by S. of London. Market on Tuefday. Mere- Booth, Line. NW. of Tatterfhal. Mere- Hospital, S. of Lincoln. Mere- House, Yorkf. NE. of Barnefley. Mere- Land, Line, near Somerton-Caftle. Merecz, a town and river of Troki, in Lithuania, 28 miles N. of Grodno. Mereworth , Kent, between Hadlow and Maidltone. Merfleet, Yorkfli. near Headon. Meri am- Court, Kent, near Maidltone; Merg.entheim, a town of Franconia, the refidence of the Grand Mafter of the Teutonic Order, and feat of the Regency. It is fituated on the Tauber, 25 miles SSW. of Wertzburg. Merida, a town of Spanilh Eftrema- dura, built by the Romans before the Chriftian sera, and called Augusta Emerita . f Here are feveral fine remains' of antiquitv, particularly a triumphal arch. It js feated on the Guadiana, 12 miles E., of Badajox. Merida, a town of Mexico, capital of Yucatan, about 40 miles S. of the Gulf of Mexico, and 130 NE. of Campcachy, MerIda, a town of TerraFirma, ca- pital of a diftridl called Merida, or Grilla. bordering on the province of Venezuela. It is feated in a country' abounding with fruits, 130 miles NE. of Pampeluna. Meriden, or Mireden , Warw. near Co- ventry. Merill- Gr#7/ge,Leic.nearW orth- ingten. Merin, Cornw. near Padftow Men ngton- Kirk, Durham, nearBilhopV Auckland. Mering, Nottinghamfhire* near Grelthorp. / Merioneth, a town in the county to which R gives name, feated near the a, 12 miles N. oi Aberyffwith, and 10 W. of Machynleth. AIerio^ethsh^rs, a cpunty of N. Wales, bounded on theN. by Carnarvon- fhire and Denbighlhire; on the E. by the latter county, and that of Montgomery; on the S v by Montgomery and a final 1 , ^ h paft M E R part of Cardigan (hire ; and on the W. by the Irifh Channel, It extends 36 miles from N. to S. and is 34 wide in itsbroad- eft part. The foil is as bad as any in Wales, being very rocky and mountain- ous ; however, large Hocks of fheep and goats, and large herds of homM cattle, find pretty good pafture in the valleys. The face of the country is awfully and tu^onifhingly romantic, and it is well clothed with wood. The principal rivers are the Dee and Dovyj and it has a great mountain, the Cader ldrig, one of the higheft in Wkles. Mcrionethfhire con- tains 5 hundreds, 5 market-towns, 37 parifhes, -25.90 houfes, and 17,100 inha-, bitants. Harlech is the capital. Merilon , Shroplh. near Albrighton, Meritz, or Merrick, afortrefs and city of Vifiapour, in Hindoofian, fituatsd on the N. bank of the Kifina, 50 miles SW. of Vi flap our. Merk, a river which rjfes in Auftrian Brabant, and running N. by Breda, af- terwards turns W. and- joins the Mcnfc by two channels, E. of the Ifiand of Overfiackee, in Holland. Merkes, Yorkf. N. Hiding, near Skel- ton. Merland, and M ai land Peters, De- von!'. in Padftow parifh. Mernjield , So- merf. MW. of llminller. Merriol l Notlingh. in Elkelfey parifh. Merriot, Somerf. SE: of ilminfier. Mer- rozt, Surry, between Guilford and Clan- don. Mers. See Berwickshire. Mfrsbtjrg, a town and principality of Upper Saxony, and a town of Con- ftance in Swabia, - feated on the lake of ‘Confiance. Mersey, a river of England, the boundary between Chefliire and Lancafh. It rifes in De.rbyfhire ; above Stockport, it receives the Tame ; lower down, the Irwell ; and pa fling by Warrington, \&c- enters the Irifh Sea below Liverpool. 1'hH river not only affords falmon, but is vifited annually by fhoals of fmelts, here called fparlings, of a'remarkahle lizc and favour. Mersey- Island, Efiex, at the month of the Coin, S. of Colchefler. Marsh, Hie of Wight, in W. Medina. Marshall, Berks, SW. of Newbury, Mar sham, Kent, SE. of A {tiford. Marsh am Hue he, ox ffutton,^ Kent, SW. of Merfliam. A i erst on, Bucks, S. of Window. M er- st eu, Line. NW. of Grantham. Mars/un, Kent, near Upnor-Callle. Merston , Norf. IV. of Clay. Mars loti, Sulfex, SE. of ChicWfler. JM erst an, .He of Wight, in E. Medina. Menton, Warw. ne4* Lea* M E S Merston-Bigot, .Somerfetfh. S. of Fro me, Merstou- Broad, Somerf, near Queen -Ca- in el. Merston- Butters, Warw. SW. of Kineton. Merslon- Culy, Warwick!, near Sheldon. Merston- J abet t. Warwickf. N W . of Wolvey. Merstou, or Mars ton. Long, Herts, in the parifh of Tring. . Mcrsion-Measi/, Wilts, on the borders, of Gloucef. Merston Priors, Warw. in the- parifh of Hardwick-Priors. Merston - Weavers? Warwickf. in Church- Bicken- liill parifh. Mersworth , Bucks, neac Ivin go. MertJier, Cornw. SE. of Truro* A Ierther- Darwa, Cornw. E. of St. Ives- Bay. Merlhern. Cornw. NW. of Hel- ford- Haven. Merther-JJni, Cornw. NE. of Hellion. Me rt ola, a town of A.lentejo, fitu- j a ted on the river Guadiana, 27 miles N. _ of Tavira. Merton, ox Martin, near Oxford. Mer~ ,. : ton, Surry, on the river Wandie, v l m;l« from Tooting. It is confiderable for it? • calico printing and bleach ng. Merton , • Line. W. of Tatterfhail-Chace. Merton, , Devoufhire, near Merland. Merve, the N. outlet of the river . Maefe, on which Rotterdam is feated. < Merville, a town in the department of the North, feated on the river Lis, 15 , 'miles W. of Lille. Mesched, a city of Chorafan, in Per- : lia ; famous for the magnificent fepulchre of Ilifa, an iman, of the family of Ali, : to which the Perfian devotees refort. It has a manufactory ‘of beautiful pottery, , and of fkins, and is feated on a mountain in which are found fine Turkey Hones, ( 190 miles NNW. of Herat. Lat. 37. 12. j N. Ion. 57. 20. E. T Meschehed-Ali. See Mexat Ali. • Meschehed-Hussain. See Mexat- OCEM. Mesemrria, a town of Romania, fituated at.the foot of Mount Ilaenuis. Meshewy Devonf. S. of S. Moulton. ■' Mess a, a town of Morocco, feated at the foot of Mount Atlas, on the river Sus,i near the Atlantic,, 165 miles SW. of Morocco. Messina, a city of Sicily, in the val- ley of Demona, afvout five miles in cir- cumference, with four large fuburbs. 1 he public buildings . and monafteries, which arc very numerous, are magnificent, and well endowed, and it contains about 20,0.00 inhabitants. The harbour, whofe quay is above a mile in length, is one of the fa fed In the Mediterranean, amt in the form of a half moon. It is five miles in circumference, extremely deep, and de- fended by a eitatiel and other works. 'I he viceroy M E T viceroy of Sicily refides here fix months in the year; and it. is a place of great trade in filk, oil, fruit, corn, and excellent wine, eipectally fince it has been declared a free port. This place, in 1783, f altered much by an earthquake, which Ihook great part of Calabria and Sicily to their foundations, overturned many rich and populous towns, and buried thoufands in their ruins. It is feated on the fea-fide, 104 miles E. of Palermo. Lat. 38. 10. IS. Ion. 15. 50. E. Ales sing t Effex, SW . of Colchefter. V” singhani, Line, near Buttenvorth. Mestham , Surry, near Ryegate. M e s t R e, a town in the Trev ifan, Italy. Mesurat a, a fea-port of Tripoli, and refidence of a governor ; caravans travel from hence into the interior parts of Africa : 7 3 miles ESJS. of Tripoli. [ Mesyhampton, Giouc. near Fairford. j Metelin, an illand of the Archipe- lago, anciently called Lelbos, NNE. of Scio. The foil is very good, and the mountains are cool, being covered with wood in many places. It produces good wheat, excellent oil, and the beft figs in the Archipelago ; nor have their wines loll any thing of their ancient reputation. Jt is governed by a bafhaw. Caftro is the capital. Metjield , Suffolk, 4 miles from Harlef- ton. Methy Dcvonf. nearPadftow. Me- tham.y Yorkshire, SW. of Almondbury. Mtifneringhamy SE. of Lincoln. Meth VEN,atown of Perthlhire, w'itha manufacture of broad and narrow linens. It is 6 miles WNW. of Perth. MetLuiriy Ycrkf. SE. of Howdendike- Ferry. Methup, Weftmorl. near the Ken Jsands. Methwold, a town of Norfolk, 15 miles NW. of Thetford, and 86 ENE.of London. Market on Friday. Metley, Warvv. in Tillongley parifin. Metro, a river of L rhino, which erodes that duchy, and runs into the Adri- atic, 3 miles ESE. of l'ano. Mettingliaviy Suffolk, near Bungay. Melton, Norfolk, near Felbrig. Metz, a large town, capital of the dept, of the Mofelle. 'I he cathedral is mne of the finelt in Europe, and thefquare Failed Coifiin, and the houfe of the go- pernor, are elegant. The Jews, about [3000, live Ln a part of' the town by them- elves, where they have a fynagogue. The Sweetmeats they make here are in jvgh efteem. The inhabitants are com- puted at 40,000, befide a numerous gar- fifon, who Iiave noble barracks. Metz vas formerly, for a long time, the capi ;al m E x of Auftrafia. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Mofelle and Seille, 25 miles NNW. of Nanci. Lat. 49. 7 Ion. 6. 16. E. MEUDON,a handfome palace in France,, feated on a hill, near the river Seme, five miles SW. of Paris, whence there is a fine profpeet of the environs of that city. Me ulan, an ancient town in the dept: of Seine and Oife, built in the form of an amphitheatre, on the river Seine, 20 miles NW. of Paris. Meurs, a town and principality, about 8 miles, long, and as many broad, of Cleves, fubjeCt to Pruffia. Meurthe, a depart, of France, 65 miles long and 35 broad, S. of the dept, of the Mofelle. It is called fo from a river that rifesdffthe dept, of the Vofges, and watering Luneville, Nanci, &c. falls intQ the Mofelle, 5 miles below that city, which is the chief town. Meuse, a department of France, near 90 miles long and fifty wide, and almoft equally divided by the river Meufe 0 £ Maefe. : Bar-le Due is the capital. Meuxy Yorkf. E. of Beverley. Mevy- Churchy Devonf. S. of Faviftock. Mewari, a town of Niphon, Japan. Me wat, a hilly and woody trad! of Hindooftan, lying SW. of Delhi, and W. of Agra, on the W. fide of the river Jumna. The inhabitants are in- famous as thieves and robbers, parties of them being taken into pay by the chiefs of Upper Flindooitan, in order to diftref$ the countries that are the feat of warfare. Mewat is almoft entirely fubjeCI to Mada- jee Sindia, a Mahratta chief. Mew- Island, in Down, Ulfter* at the S. entrance of Carrickfergus-Bay. Mew-Stone , Devonf. near Dartmouth, a large rock in the Englilh Channel, fo called from the birds that frequent it. Mexat-Ali, a noted town in Irac- Arabia, famous for the fuperb and rich mofque of Ali, to which the Perfians go in pilgrimage from ail parts ; but it is not fo confiderable as it was formerly. It isfituated near a large lake, called Ra- kematy 100 miles in circumference, winch communicates by a canal with the Eu- phrates, 130 miles S. of Bagdad. Mexat-Ocem, a confiderable town in Irac-Arabia, which takes its name from a mofque, dedicated to Ocem, the ion of Ali. It is feated on a canal, which pafies from the Euphrates, to the lake Ilakemat, 75 miles SSW. of Bagdad. Mexboroughy Yorkfi N. of Rotherham- Mexico, a city of North America, capital of the province of that name. H U 3 ^ M E X It was a ftourifhing pbco before the Spa- niards entered the country, and is leated on feverai lflands, in a fall-water lake, to which there is no entrance, but, by five caufeways, three of which arc about two miles in length. It formerly contained 80,000 lioufes, with feverai large temples, full of rich idols, and three palaces, where the emperor of Mexico relided. Mexico was taken by Ferdinand Cortez, in 1521, after a fiege of three months. As the Me: deans defended thcmfelves from fa cet to Hreet, it was aim off ruined, but after- wards rebuilt by the Spaniards. It now contains about 35,000 houfes, built of ffpne and brick, with a fuburb of 3000 houfes, inhabited by the native Ameri- cans, 29 churches, and 22 monaHeries and Tuinneries. It is the ufual refidence of the viceroy, whofe employment continues 3 years,. and has a royal audience, an uni- vorlity, and the tribunal of the inquisition. All the Elects are Hraight, and . exactly difpofed in point of regularity, and it is remarkable for having neither gates, walls, nor art illery. The revenue of the cathe- dral amounts to nearly 80,0001. a year, out of which the arehbifhop receives an- nitcfhy * 5,0001. befides vaHfums that nrife by peitjuifites. The inhabitants are im- menfely wealthy, and a vaft abundance of Elver, gold, ami jewels, is expofed in plate and toys in- the ftreets, by the goldfmiths and fhepkeepers. Mexico enjoys a pro- digious commerce, being the centre of all the trade carried on between Spanifh America and Europe, and Spanifh Ame- rica and the E. Indies^ An incredible qumber of horfes and mules are employed in tranfpqrting goods from Acapulco to Vera Cruz, and from Vera Cruz to Aca- pulco. Hither all the gold and Elver is brought to be coined ; herb the king’s fifth is depofited ; and^ ail that immenfe quantity of plate wrought which is annu- ally lent to Europe. This place was over- flowed by an inundation in Qdlober, 16.29, in which 40,000 perfons. were drowned. This obliged the Spaniards to make' a greatconduit through a mountain, in or- der to empty the lake; which being done, part of the town became feared on dry land. Mexico is fuppficd with frefh water by an aqueduct of three miles in length. 'I’he Spaniards do not make a tenth part of the inhabitants, the others being ne- groes; mubttoes, native Americans, and a mixture of them all. it is 130 miles W. bv N. of * era Cruz, and 250 NE. byN. of Acapulco. Lai. 19. 5-J. N. Ion. 100. 0. W. Mexico, or New Spain, a country M E X ofN. America, including, in its largeft fenfe, all that extenfive peninfula fituated ' between 1 .ouifianaand unknown countries on the N . am) Terra Firnla, in S. A me- : rica, on theS. but the audience of Mexico contains only the provinces of Mexico - Proper, Mechoacan, Guafleca, Tlafcala,> Guaxaca, Tabafco, and Yucatan. It is wafhed On the E. by the Atlantic Ocean ; and on the S. and W. by the S. Sea, and is above 2000 miles in length, and from 60 to 600 in breadth. It is divided mto 23 diftricts or provinces, the principal of which is that of Mexico Proper, and con- tains mines of gold and Elver, of the lat - ter of which they count above athoufand, befide^mines of iron, copper, lead, alum, cryfral, vitriol, precious Hones, marble, &c. The foil produces Indian corn, cabbage- trecs, cocoa-nuts, vanellas, plantains,- pine-apples, cochineal, cotton, and feverai other fruits, gums, and drugs, proper to the climate. Before the- Spaniards came- here, they had a fort of dogs that did not,’ bark, but howled like wolves ; grey lions, lefs formidable than thole of Africa ; and ' alfo final l tigers, bears, thougn uncom- . < mon, elks, or moofe-deer, pecaries, warres, ; beavers, op odd ms, armadillos, guanoes. Eying fquirrels, racoons, crocodiles, ma-v nattes, or fea-cows, monkeys, parrots, ma- i\ caws, pelicans, cormorants, and a great variety of other birds, fnakes, fcorpions, and other infedts. The Spanifh clergy are very numerous, and there are a great number of convent^. In general, it is a , mountainous country, intermixed with ma- ! ny rich valleys : but the higheft moan- ( tains are near the coaE of the South 8ea,l many of which ar-e volcanoes. The eaH-< ern fhore is a fiat, level country, full of, bogs and morafics, overflowed in the rainy feafon, which is at the fame time as our! funnner. Thc^hilis between the mourn* ta ; ns, and the flat country, are beft inha- bited, becaufe there the air is moft tempe- perate. This province is vaftly populous, hnd the original natives, in general, pafs their lives in eafy circmnEances. in fo*ne places, the collediion of the public revenue, I and the exercife of the police, aqe depofited ■ in the hands of their chiefs, while the laws of the Spanifh government, upon the I whole, have a tendency to make them good I fubjedls, rather than miferable and difeon- I tented Haves. Among the inferior orders I of Indians, many are admitted to offices in | the church, army, magiHracy, anct ma ithe I principal Spanifh towns, they are invited I to a full incorporation with the natives I of Spain. 'Flic revenues of the crown, which are great arife from a fifth part ol M I C M I C the gold and filver, and from the duties and cuftoms, as veil as. from- the lands' .held of the crown. Mexico, New, a large country of N. .America, hounded on the W. by the Gulf of California ; its other limits are uncer- tain. The foil and climate are as rich, plentiful, -and temperate as any country of America, or any other part of the world. It is inhabited by a great number of peo- ple, whofe languages and cuftoms are very different ; fome wander about,, and others dwell in towns and villages. The chief divifions are New Mexico Proper, New Leon, New Navarre, and California ; the principal Spaniih colonies are St. Barbe-, 'and Santa Fe, the capital town. Mexico, a large gulph of N. America, lying between the S. coaft of E. Florida and the NE. point of Yucatan Meyenfield, a handfome town in the country of the Grifons, in the league of the Ten Turifdictions. It is feated on the Rhine, in a pleafant country, fertile in excellent wine, 15 miles NNE. of Coirc. Meysey Hampton, Gloucefterfhire, E. of Cirencefter. M ezande r a n, or M a z a nd e r a n, a a province of Perii^ bounded on the N. by the Cafpian Sea, on the E. by Chorafan, on the S. by Chuftftan and Irak, and on the W. by Gh.lan. The fouthern part, called Tabsristan, is mountainous and dc- fart, but the nortli is aftonifhingly fertile. Fcrtbad is the capital. Meze-n, a feaport town oT Archangel, Ruffia,. fituated at the mouth' of a large river of the fame name, 128 miles NNE. of Archangel. Meziers, a town in the dept, of Ar- dennes, feated on the river Meufe, 12 miles NW. of Sedan, and 157 NE. of Paris, Mezin, a finall town in the dept, cf Lot and Garrone, feated in a country that abounds in wheat ; with vines, from which they principally make brandy; and with - the cork-tree, which they fell both in its natural ftate, and in corks. It is 8 miles NW . of Condom. - M.£zour, a town of Candahar. Mezukado, a cape on the coaft of Upper Guinea, between Cape Palmas and Tagrm, or Cape Ledo. Lat. 6. 6. N. Mezzana, a town of Corfica, 12 miles SW. of Corte. Mia, or Mijah, a town of Japan, on the S. coaft of the ifland of Niphon. Micha, a cape of Dalmatia, in the Adriatic, near the town of Zara- Michael, Cornw. N. of Penkenel. Mi- chael, Heref. SVY. of Rofs. Michael I.anc. near Garfiang. Michael , Moiun. N. of Abergavenny. Michael, Somerfeif in N. Pet her ton parifh. Michael, St, Devonfliirej near Tlonlton. Michael St. Dcvonftiire, S. ofModbury. Michael St. or San Miguel, an ifland in the Atlantic, the largeft of thofe called Azores, about 60 miles in cir- cum ere-nce. It has fome*populous towns and villages, with a confiderabl'e com- merce in corn, wine, cattle, &c. but the harbours are neither good nor fafe. The chief towns are Ponta del Gada, with a ftrongcaftle, in lat. 37- 47. N. and Ion . 25, 42. W. and Villa Franca. The number of inhabitants is varioufty eftiinated, at from 25 to 50,000. Michael, St. a ftrong town of Malta,' adjoining to the city of Valetta. It i3 feated on a rock, feparated from the main- land by a ditch. Michael, St. a borough of Cornwall, yet has no market, 8 miles SW. of St. Columb, and 249 W. by S. of London. Michael, St. a confiderable town in the dept, of Meufe, feated on the river Meufe, 20 miles NNE. of l>ar-le-Duc, and 165 E. of Paris; alfo feveral other towns of France, Savoy, and Italy. Michael- Carthei 9, Cornwall, N. ofFal- mouth-Haven. Michael- Chapel, Cornw. near Padllow-IIaven. Michael- Church, Heref. near Hunlington. ' Michael's, St. Norf. on the coaft, between Yarmouth and Winterton-Nefs: Michael's St. Suit, SE. of Bungay. Michael's- Burrow, St. Somerf. hetween Bridgewater and Piiney, Michael s- Chapel, St. Cornwall, NYv of Lamnloram. Michael' s-Meunt, St. Corn- wall, is a very high rock in Mount's- Bay, on the NW. fide, a little to the S. of Me- razion, infulated by the tide at high water. Here is an ex ten five pier or mole where a number of (hips may clear and refit. On the rocks along this coaft is bred the Cor- nifh chough, a bird which will not only (real money and hide ft, but fire too, with which it fometimes privately burns houies. Michael- s-Rcc/c, St. Devonshire, between Start-Point and Plymouth. Micheldever. Hants, NW. of Alresford. Michel grave, Suffex, between Arundel and Stening. Mi- chelham , Suffex, near Hayliham. Michel - ham- Park, Suffex, near Luggerfhal. Mi- chebnarsh, Hants, N. of Ilumfcy. Michelau, a town ofCuim, Pruftia. Michelstow, Cornw. SW. ofCamelford. Michigan, a lake of N. America, 260 miles in length, and above 50 ill breadth, i t is deep enough for yeflels of any fize. See Michillimackinag. Mi c hi l l i m a cki n a c, a (trait or broad river (with an ifland and fort) of N* Arno- ld h 3 . rica, M I D riea, which unites the Lakes Michigan and Huron. Lat. 46. 0. N. Ion. ,85. 0. W. M iching , Suflex, near Newhaven. Mi- cl dehaw- Hill, Yo r kfhi re, S. of Rippon Mickleby , Yorkf. near Moulgrave-Caftle. Mickle field, Herts, NW. of Rickmanf- V/orth. Mickle field, Suffolk, W. of Deben- ham. Mickle ham, Surry, at the foot of Box-Hill, between Leatherhead, and Darking. Micklehursl, Chelhire, NE. of Manchefter. Mickhton, Gloucef, 5 miles IN. of Camden. M icicle l on, Yorkf, near Rumbald-Kirk. Mickley, Northumb, SW. of Newcaftle. Middenhall, Wilts, Nik of Marlborough. Middle , 3 miles from Shrewfbury. M iddlebourn, Northumb. in Lowcs-Foreft. Middleburg, a large, commercial town, capital of the Ifland of Walcheren, and of all Zealand. The fquares, town- houfe, and other public buildings are mag- nificent. It contains about 26,000 inha- bitants, has a communication with the fea by a canal, which will bear the larged vef- fels ; and isfeated in the center of the ifland, 72 miles SW. of Amfterdani. Lat. 51. -32. N. Ion. 3. 39. E. M ID d l e b u r g, a town in Dutch Flan- ders, 7 miles NE. of Bruges. Middleburg. SeeEooA. Middle- Headsley, Y orkihire, between Snaith and Sherborn. Middleham. See Midlam. Middlehope , Shropfhire, near Munflow, JA iddlenicrsh, Dorfetfh. near Great Min- ftern . M iddlemead, Eflex, W . of Malclon . Middlesex,, a county of England, bounded on the N. by Uertfordfhire; on the E. by Eflex ; on the S. by Surry, and a corner of Kent ; and on the W. by Buck- inghainfhire. it is one of the leaf! coun- ties in England, being only about 22 miles in length and 14 in breadth, but is much the. richeft and mod populous, and pays more taxes than any ten befide. It con- tains 7 market towns, and about 200 pa- Tifhes, without including thofe in London and Wedminder. The air is healthy ; but the foil, in general, being a lean gra- vel, it is naturally a diftridt of little ferti- lity ; though, by means of the vicinity to the metropolis, many parts of it are con- verted into rich beds of manure, clothed vvi th al m oft perpetual verd ure. ' Th ere a re dill, however, very extenfive tracis of un- cultivated heath. Befides the Thames, the Lea, and the Coin, JVIiddlefex is war tcred by feveraj final l dreams ; one of which, called the New River, is artificial- ly brought from Amwcll,in Herts, for the purpofe of fupplving ! ,ondon with water, indeed,' the whole county may be confi- M I D dered as a demefne to the metropolis, the land being laid out in gardens, padures, and inclofures of all forts for its conve- nience and fupport. Middlesex, a county of Maflachu-. fetts, a county of Virginia, and a county of New Jerfey. Midcllesmore , Yorkfh. W. Riding, in Netherdale. Middlesoyi Somerf. 3 miles from Bridgewater. Middleihird, in Waterford, Munder. Middltthorp, near York. Middlethorp , Nott. a hamlet of Norwell. Middleton , Wedm. a chapel of eafe to Kirby Lonf- dale. Middleton, Derbyf S. of Bakewell. Middleton , Durham, SE. of Darlington., Middleton, Eflex, near Sudbury in Suffolk* Middleton, Herefordfb. N. of Leominder. Middleton, Lane, near the Irk, 4 miles N. of Manchefter. Middleton, Lane, between! Lancafter and Sunderland Point. Middle - ton, Norfolk, SE. of Lynn. Middleton , Northamp. in Cottingham parifh. Mid- leton, Northumberl. on the coad, againfi Farn- Bland. Middleton, Shropf. NE. of Ludlow. Middleton, Shropf. near Of- ’ wedry. Middleton , Shropf. near Prior’s : Ditton. Middleton, Suffolk, near Sax- I mundham. Middleton, Suflex, W. of Arundel- Haven. Middleton, Suflex, E. of Terming. Middleton, Warw. 4 miles ' from Colefhill. Middleton, Y orkfhire, E. Riding, near Newbiggin. Middleton , Yorkf. N. Riding, SE. of Kirklington. Middleton , Yorkf. NW. of Scarborough. Middleton, Yorkf. near Pickering. Mid- i dleton, Yorkf. SE. of Yarum. Middleton , Yorkf. NW. of Danby-W ilk. Middleton, York. W. Riding, near Rothwell. Mid- j dleton Cheney, Northamp. near Banbury \ in Oxford!'. Middleton, Row and George , < Durham, E. of Darlington. Middleton- 1 Hall, Northumb. near Waller. Miadleton- i Hall, Shropfhire, W. of Bifhop’s Cadle. Middleton, in Teefdalc, Durham, S. of Stanhope. Middleton- Kenes, Bucks near Newport-Pagnel. Middleton, Prior s and Scriven, Shropf. SW. of Bridgenorth. Middleton, Stony, Derbyfh, in the High Peak. Middleton, Sioney, Oxfoydfh. near Bleeder. Middleton- Place, Cumberl. in C or ney parifh. Middleton Tiary, Yorkf. NE. of Richmond. Middleton, N. and S , Northumberland, between Kirk-Harle and Morpeth. *Middleton, a town of Cork, in Munder, feated on the NW. angle of Cork Harbour. Contiguous to the town there is a fubterraneous river, and a ro- mantic cave. Middletown, a town of Edinburgh- dure 6 miles S. of Dalkeith. Middleton^ M I L M I L 'Middleton, in Armagh, TJlfler, Middleton, a town of Connecticut, feated on the W. bank of the river Con- necticut , 15 miles S. of Hartford. It is the principal town of the county of Mid- dlefew Middletown, a town of New Jerfey, adjoining that of Shrewfbur^, in the coun- ty of Monmouth. Sandy-Book (fo cal- led from its fhape and foil) is included in this tow nfhip. On the point of the Hook {lands the lighthoufe, 100 feet high, built by the city of New A ork. Middletown is 14 miles ESE. of Brunfwick. Alfo a tow r n of Pennfylvania, and a town of Rhode Ifiand. *Middlewzch, a large town of Che- fhirc, feated near the conflux of the rivers Crcke and Dan, and communicating with all the late inland navigations. Here are two rich fait' water fprings, the brine of which is fo Prong, as to produce a full fourth part fait. A cotton manufacture has been lately eftabliflied here. It is 2 4 miles E. of Cheffer, and 1G7 NW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Middlewo&d , II ere f. W. of Brcdwar- dine-Caitle. Midgdey, Yorkf. V/. of Ha- lifax. Midgham, Berkf. near Thatcham. *Midhurst, a large neat town of Suflex, feated on a hill furrounded with others, having the river A run at the bot- tom, 1 1 miles N. of Chicliefter, and b'O SW. of London. Market on. Thurfdav. Midl vm, a town in the N. Riding of Yorklhire, noted for a woollen manufac- tory. it is feated on the river Ure, 10 miles S. of Richmond, and 255 NNW. of London. Market on Monday. Mid lam, Durham, jNK. of Bifliop- Auckland. Mj,dlava?it , Suflex, N. of Chichefter. Midley , Kent, near Romney. Midpace River, in Down, Ullter. Mi e chau, or Miek.ow, a town of Cracow, Poland. Mierstough, Lancaf.. in Amoundernefs. Migiam, Hants,, near Fordingbridge. Miguel, S,t. a town and jurifdiCion of Quito, in Peru ; alfo a town of Guati- inala, a town of Michoacan, and a town of Culiacan, all in Mexico : a town of Tucuman, a town of New Grenada, and a town of St. Paul, Brazil, all in S. America ; and a town of Seville, in Spain. * Milan, a city of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name. It was the an- cient capital of Lombardy, and is the ■largcft city of Italy, except Rome; but, although it. is thought rather to exceed Naples in fiz *, it does not contain above one half the number of inhabitants. It is fcalpd in a pkafant plain, between the ri- vers Adda and Tefin. It is about 1 miles in circumference, and called by th$ Italians, Milan the. Great. Here are 22 gates, 230 churches, 90 convents, 100 religious fraternities, 120 fchools, and about . 250, 0d0 inhabitants. Broad and ftraight ftreets are but few in comparifon. of the narrow and crooked ; and the many paper window's, or glafs and paper panes intermixed, even in thefineft palaces, hav® a mean appearance. The governor’s pa- lace, or the old regency- ho ufe, -is the molt ftately and fpacious. 'The cathedral is a grand firuCture, being 500 feet long, 200 broad, and 400 high. It Hands in the center of the city, and, next to St. Peter’s at Rome, is the largeft in Italy. This vafl fabric is entirely built of folid, white'mar blc, and is fupported by 50 columns, faid to be 84 feet high. -The 4 pillars under the cupola are 28 fe°t in circumference. The college of St. Ambrofe has a library, which, betide fome thoufands of manti- feripts, contains 4 5,000 printed volumes. Tn it ib an academy of painting. The moft confiderable commerce of the inhabitants is in grain (efpecially rice), cattle, and cheefe, which they export ; and they -have manufactures of filk and. velvet fluff's, ftockings, handkerchiefs, ribbons, gold, and tiiver laces, and embroideries, wool- len and linen cloths, glafs, and earthen ware, in imitation of China. Here arefe- veral rivers and many cabals. It is 65 miles N. of Genoa, 145 NNW. of Flo- rence, and 2/0 NW. of Rome. Lat. 45 . 28. N. Ion. 9. 1 G. E. Milan, The Duchy of, a confider- able country of Italy, hounded on the N. by Swifferland, and the country of the; Grifons ; on the E. by the ci-devant ftate of Venice, and the duchies of Parma and Mantua ; on the S by Parma and Pied- mont ; and on the W. by Piedmont and Savoy, being about 108 miles in length and 9G in breadth. The foil is as fertile as that of any country ill Europe, in corn, wine, fruits, rice, olives, and vegetables ; and the diftridf fef L6di breeds vati herds of cattle. The rivers are, the Sccchia, Te- fin, Adda, and Oglio. There are like- wife feveral lakes, the three principal of which are thofe of Maggiorc, C omo, and Lugano. This duchy, including the Mi- lancfe Proper, the dukedom of Mantua, the territories of Como, Pavja, Lodi, and Cremona, has fjeen, flnee the beginning of tins century, fubjeCt to thehoufe of Auf- firia, but in the prefent war it has been overrun by French troops, and now forma a principal part of the new Citalpine Re- public. UM- MpLBORM-PcSVT, M I L Milbclrn-Port, a borough. of So- merfetfhire, furrounded in a manner by Dorfetfhire. The inhabitants are about 1100. It is no market town, though it appe.ars in Doutefday book to have had a market once, and 56 burgcfies. It is feated on a branch of the river Par- rel, 2 miles from Sherhcrn in Dor- letfhire. Milborn , St. Andrews , Dorfetfh. near Blandford, Milborn- Stihcnn, Dorfetf. W. of Bere. Milborn-Stoke , Shropshire, near Brown- Clee-Hill. Milbrrok, Bedf. near Apipthill. Milbrcok, or Me loch, Cornw. W. of Piymouth-Haven, has a good fifh- ing trade. Milbrook, Hants, near South- ampton. Milburn , Warw. r.earStonely. Milburne , Welhri. in the parifh of Kirby- Thore. Milby , Yorkf. N. Riding, be-, tween Aldborough and Catterick. Mil- comb, Oxford!', near Dcddington. Mil- cote, Warw. in the parifh of Weflon-upon Avon, in Gloucefterfhire. Milcotton , Northamp. near Addington. Milcourt , Hants, NE. of Alton. MiLDENHALL,a large, populous town in Suffolk, feated on the river Lark, a branch of the Oufc, with a harbour for boats, 1.2 miles NVv . of Bury, and 69 NNE. of London. A well- freemen ted market on .Friday, cfpeciaily for fifn and wild fowl. M Hairy, Suffolk, between Lavenham and Lindfey. Mile End, Middlesex, a hamlet to Stepney. Mile End, Eff'ex, near Colcheffer. Mileham, Norfolk, IN W. of Eaft Derehanx. Miler , Cornwall, near Penryn. Mx leto, a town of Calabria Ultra. 7\j i{ field, Northumb. near Brankefton, ence the refidence of the Saxon kings of Bernicia. Mitjgrd, Hants, SW. ofLym- ington. Milford , Herts,, near the Hor- meads and Pelhams. Milford, Wilts, near Sahfbury. Milford, Shropfhire, NW. of Shrewfbury. Milford, Surry, S. ofGod- almin. Milford, N. find A. Yorkf, 'near Tad caller and Sherborn. Milford, in Cork, Munfter. Milford, a town ofN. America, in the ffate of Delaware, and county of SiuTox, of which it is the emporium. It is iitu- ated 15 lniles from the Bay of Delaware, and 150 S. of Philadelphia j alfo a town of Mafikchufetts, and two towns of Con- necticut. Milford, a town of Pcynbrokdhirc, fftuated on, the N. coaft of Milford Haven, § miles W N W cf Pembroke, and 6 SSW of Havcrfordweffv A new quay has .been lately b#iilt here, and a comidcrable dum- ber of new buildings cxcdled, by o. com- M I L mercial company of quakers from Ame- rica. , Milford-Haven, a deep inlet of the Irilh Sea, on the coaft of Pembrokelhire, univerfally all owed' to be the belt, harbour in Great Britain, and as fafe and fpaclous as any in Europe. It has 16. deep and fafe creeks, 5 bays, and 3 roads, all dif- tinguifhedby their feveral names, in which 1000 fail of Ihips may ride in perfect fe- curity, and atfufficient diftance from each other. There is no danger in failing in or out with the tide, by day. or night, from whatever point the wind may happen to blow ; and if a Ihip in uiftreis comes in, without either anchor or- cable, Ihe may run on ftiore on foft cofe, and there lie . in fafety till lire- is refitted. The fpring tideTiies in this harbour 36 feet, fo that (hips may at any time be laid afhore. Dale Harbour is a ready outlet forfxnall veflels, where they may ride in 2 or 3 fathoms at* low water. In the reign of Queen Eli- zabeth, before the Spanifh invalion, two ‘ forts were begun at the entrance of the . haven, one on each fide, called Nanglie and Dale Blockhoufes, but they were : not fmilhed. In the middle of the entrance ! between Nangle and Dale, the Stack Rock rifes above water. The breadth of the . ' entrance, between rock and rock, is but ' 2 30* yards at high water, and 112 at low '. water. One great advantage attending this harbour is, that a Ihip may be in or out of it in an hour’s time, and in 8 or 10 hours m?.y be on the coal!: of Ireland, or off ; the Land’s End ; they may alfo get out tS the W. much fooner than from either - Plymouth or Falmouth. The parliament, I on April 14th, 1759, granted 10,000b for { fortifying this harbour, all of which was < expended on the fort at Neyland, which, however, {fill remains unfiniihed. Milgaie, Kent, near Maidffone. Miliane, a town of Tremelen, in Af- 7 r.ca, feated in a country fertile in oranges, citrons, and other fruits, the heft in Bar- A bary. Milkbourn , a river i n N orthum . Milk- home , Kent, near Cranbrook. Milking thorp, Wefrmorl. near Whitfield-Foreft, Milkley , Herts, near Puckeridge. Mill, Devonf. near Witheridge. Milhau, a town in the dept, of Avei- ron, feated on the river Tarn, 50 miles NW. of Montpellier,, and 142 S. ofParis. Miilaxiown, in Loiftb, Leinffcr. Mill- End, Gloucdteri. in Nibly parifh 4 . Mill End, Bucks, in Hambledon pan A'. Mill-Had, Kent, near Aylsford. Mill- Hill, Middlefex, in Hendon parifh. Miil- //c^C helix. W. of Macclesfield-. Mid- House. M I I. M I L House , Derbyf. in the Hig;h Peak. Mill- Houses, Durham, SE. of Stanhope. Mil- ler s-Green, Berks, n'ear Windfor-Foreft- Millington, Chef. NW; of Knottesford- Millington , York (hire, near Pocklington* Mill- Isles , a group of rocks, 2 miles S. of Donaghadee, in Down, Ulfter. Mill'., lace, Suflex, near E. Grinffcad. Millpo l, Chelhire, E. of Namptwich. Mill- Rote, Lancaf. near Rochdale. *Mill street, afmall town of Cork, in. Munfter, where fome manufadlures of linen have been introduced, 136 miles SW. of Dublin . Mill-Thorp, Nott. in Cokeney parifti. . Milltotvn , Derbyf. NW. ofAlfreton. *Milltown, a town of Kerry, in Munfter, 162 miles from Dublin. Miil/cznn, a village in Dublin, Lein- fter, 2 miles from the metropolis. *Milltown, a town of Weft Meath, in Leinfter. Millum, Cumb. the moft fouthern manor in the county, lying between the Duddenand the Elk 3 it is thinly peopled. Market difcontlnued. Milly- Chapel, Shropf. NW. of Brown- Clee-Hill. Milo, an ifland of the Archipelago, about 50 miles in circumference, with one of the heft and largeft harbours in the Mediterranean. All its prod udftions are of incomparable excellence. The earth, conftantly heate’d by fubterranecus fires, produces, almoft without intermiflion, wheat, barley, cotton, exquifite wines, and delicious melons. The cattle, efpecially , goats, are very good, and here are mipes of iron and fulphur. In the fpring, the fields are enamelled with anemonies of all forts. The inhabitants, who are all Greeks, except the cadi, are good failors. A fort of p'umous aim is found here, in large lumps, compofed of threads as fine as the ibfteft filk, filvered over, and fhin- ing very prettily 3 it has the,' fame tafteas rock alum. Here is a waiwodc, who is a Greek, and 3-confuls, who can depofe the cadi when he fails in his duty ; here are likewife 2 bifhnps 3 one of the Greek, and the other of the Latin church. There is a town of the fame name, in the eaftern " part cf the ifland, which is a poor dirty place. The whole ifland, which in the time of Tournefort, in 1700, had upwards of 20,000 inhabitants, from the peftilence, “7- and the oppreftion of the Turks, docs not - now contain above 700. Lat. £6. 41. N. long. 25. 6. E. Mi h ted, Kent, near Sittingbourn. Mil- A #0/7,Wiltf. on the Avon, N. of ’Ambrefbury* MlLTENEERG ? a towp-of Mentz. Milthorp, Line. SE. of Fokingham. Milthorp. See Ken. Milton, for Milton Abbey, an ancient town in Dorfetfhire, chiefly noted for its abbey, now in ruins, built and founded by King. Athelftan. It is 14 miles NE. of Dorchefter, and 11.2 W . by S. of London. Market on Tuefday. Milton, or Milton Royal, a town in Kent, formerly the refidence of the kings of Kent, and of King Alfred, who had a caftellated palace' here, which flood below the church", and it is now famous tor its excellent oyflers- It is feated on the F. Swale, a branch jif the river Medway. it is 14 miles' NE. of Mai aft one, and 42 E, of London, Market on Saturday. Milton, a town in Kent, 1 mile E. of Gravcfend, but incorporated with it. King Henry VII i. raifed a blockhoufe and platform here for the defence of this town and Gravefend, and for the command of the river. Milton, Berks, S. of Abingdon. Mil- ton, Bucks, near Newport. Milton , 3 miles N. of Cambridge. Milton, Derbyf. NE. of fteppington. Milton, Devon f. be- tween Hope-Key and Dodbrook. Milton Dorfet. N. of ( .illingham. Milton , West , Dorfetf. N. of Bridport. Milton, Hants, between Lymirigton and Chriftchurch. Milton, Keref. cn the Arrow, near Pern- bridge. Milton, Kent, near the Stour, a mile and a halfSW. of Canterbury. Mil- ton, Ncrthamp. near Peterborough. Mil- ton, SW. of Northampton. Milton, Oxf. S. of Banbury. Milton, Oxf. between Adderbury and Bloxha.m. Milton, Surry, near Egham. Milton, Surry, in Harking parifh. Milton, Wilts, 5 miles S." .of Marlborough. Milton, Upper ind A ether, Oxf. W. of Wichwood Fore ft. Milton , Upper and Nether , Shropihire, beyond Bridgnorth,, bordering on Staffdrdfnire/ Milton, Upper and Nether, Somerf. NW. of Bruton. Milton, Upper and Nether , Someri’etf. W. of Queen Camcfl. Milton - Abbots, Devon, near Brentor. Milton- Brian^ Bedforclfh. near Woburn- Abbey.- Milton Darner ell, Devon!'. NW. of Pad- flow. Milton- End, Glouc. near Arling- ham. Milton- Ernest, 4 miles from Bed- ford, near theOufe. Milton Great and Little, Oxfordf. near Tame. Milton, alias Midleton Hall, Eflex, near Brittle well. It is an excellent nurfery for oyflers, which are brought hither final], and fpread about with a Ihovel, till they come of a proper growth. Milverton, Someth near Wi- velfcomb, 13 miles E. ofDulverton. M illown- Mcilby in Clare, Munfter. M {Y^tr/’a^inRofcouxmoi^Con na u ght. Milverton, M I N M I N Milverton, Warw. on the SE. fide of 'the Avon, below Guy’s-ClifF. Milwick , Stall'. E. of Stone. Mimere , a river in Herts, which runs into the Beane, above Ware. Mi ms- Hall, Middlefex, NE. of South Mims. Mims, North , Herts, two inilesfrom Hatfield. Mims , South , Mid- 'flL-fex, 2 miles from North Mims, in the moll northern angle of the county. M inchin gton- Hall, Middle!, near South- gate. Min cio, a river in the N. of Italy, which riles in lake Garda, forms the Lake which furrounds the city of Mantua, and runs into the Po near Sacchetta. Mindanao, rf of vSomerton. Moab, a town of Yemen, and a town ofHadramaut, both in Arabia., *Moat, called alfo Montag re- noge, a town of Weft Meath, in Lein- fier, 52 miles W . of Dublin. " Moat of Askull, in Kildare, Leinfter, 3 miles from Athy. Mo ale- Hall, near Shrewfbury. Mob- p berley, Cfiefhire, NE. of Northwich. Mobile, a considerable river of W. Florida, which empties* itfelf into Mo- bile Bay, in the Gulf of Mexico, in Ion. 87. 55. W. Mocampour, a town and country of India, N. of Bengal. Lat. 27. 35. N. Ion. 85. 37. E. Mocha, a confiderablc town, with a harbour, of Yemen, in Arabia, built about 400 years ago ; it is furrounded by walls, confifting of half ffone and half earth ; and feveral towers, guarded by fokliers. The women, except a fin all number of the common fort, never appear in the iingets M O II MOD ftreets in the day r time, but vifit each other in the evening. Over their other drefs, they wear a large veil or pa nted calico, that they can fee through without being feen. They have all'o little buf- kins of Morocco leather : fome of the women of rank are handfome, and not browner than the Spanifh women. Mo- cha was the laft city in Yemen of which the Turks retained poffeffion. It has now no other matter than the Iman. The in- habitants are computed at 10,000 with- out comprehending the Armenians, or the Jews,- who inhabit the fuburbs. Here are about 700 Banians, Rajaputs, and other Indians, who, when they have made a fmall fortune, commonly return to India. The Englifh engrofs, almoft excluffvely, the trade of this place, which confifts (the Arabs having fcarceiy any other ar- ticle for exportation) in .exporting coffee, and importing iron, (of .which a great quantity is 'fold in Arabia), pur chafed chiefly from the Danes ; and they often gain considerably by carrying money to India, with which the Arabian merchants intruil them. It is leated in a dry, fandy country, abounding in date-trees, near the Straits of Babelmafidel. Lat. 13. 19. N. :on. 43. 23. E. Mockcs, near Hereford. Moclcley, War- wicklhire, near Umberley. Mocollop , in Waterford, Muntter. Mo- curry, in Wexford, Leiniter. Modeury, a town in Devonfh. noted for fine white ale. It is 14 miles SW. of Plymouth, and 208 W. by S. of London- Market on Thurfday. Mdslligo, in Waterford, Muntter. Modena, a city of Italy, capital of the ' fodenefe, feated between' the rivers Secchia' and Penaro. It is pretty large and populous, having feveral piazzas ; but* the tt reels are narrow, the houfes without beauty or lymnietry, and the walks low aud dark. The churches have little or, nothing worth notice, but the ducal patace is large and fp’endid, and is richly fur'iifhcd. due picture- gallery contttts of 5 rooms, all filled with feleCt pieces of the molt famous matters. In a chamber under the cathedral is fhewn the fo much talked of Secchia rapita , or well-bucket, w th iron hoops, taken In a petty war from the doors of one cf the inhabitants of Bologna. Phe inhabitants are ttiid to be 40,000. It is 22 miles NW. of Bologna. Lift. 44. 39. N. Ion. 11. 18. E Mo.DENESE, The, or the territory of Modena, is bounded on the W. by the duchy of Parma, and the llnte of Genoa ; on the N. by the duchy of ’Mantua ? on the E. by the Bolognele ; and on the S. by part of Tufeany and the republic of Lucca. It is about 60 mil^shn its greatett length, and from 20 to 36 in breadth. The foil is fertile in' com, wine, oil, fruits, and other productions. It alio feeds a great number of cattle. The duchy of Modena confifts of Modena Proper, the duchies of Reggio, and Mirandola, the principalities of Correggio, Carpi, and Novellara, with a few other eftates. Modica, a town and river of Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 18 miles W. of Noto. Modlicot , Shropfh. NW. of Cliurch- Stretton. Mo don, a town on the SW. coc.fl of the Morea, with a large and fafe harbour. It is feated on a promontory, advanced into the Sea of Sapienza, 20 miles SSW. of Corop. Lat. 36. 56. N. Ion. 21. 35. E. Moffat, a town of Dumfriesfhire, containing about 220 families, it has a manufacture of coarfe woollen fluffs, with 2 mineral fprings, of a bracing quality, accounted the ftrongeft in Britain. Mof- fat is feated near the river Annan, 20 miles N. by E. of Dumfries. Moffat Hills, mountains in the northern part of Dumfriesfhire ; from which defeend, in different directions, the Tweed, the Clyde, anc] the Annan. Mogador, or Suera, a fea-port of Morocco, near Cape Ozem. The town, which was begun in 1700, is now com- pletely fmifhed. The houfes are hand- fornely and fondly built, with great re- gularity, of plan, the ftreets being all ftraight lines. It is defended by walls and batteries, and is 90 miles SW. of Mo- rocco. Lat. 31 . 30. N. Mogeely, in Cork, Muntter. Mogtr hanger , Bedfordfhire, NW. of BigglefWade. Moha'cz, a town of Hungary, feated on the Danube, 56 miles W . of Zegedin. Mi hill, or Moyle , in Leitrim, Con- naught. Mohilla, one of the Comora Iflands, between the N. end of the ifland of Ma- dagafear and the continent of Africa. The inland parts are mountainous and woody, and there are villages fcattered here and there, vhofe houfes are made of reeds and ft raw. The inhabitants tattoo their lkins. Some of them are Maho- metans, and have a few mofqucs, built with wood and ftraw without, and matted neatly within., it produces buffaloes, goats, tortoifes, hens, large bats, came- , leons, M O L Icons, rice, peafe, honey, -cocoa-nuts, plantains, oranges, lemons, citrons, pine- apples, cucumbers, tamarinds, and lugar- canes. There are feveral fine ilr earns, and the grafs and trees are green all the year. The cattle, called buffaloes, have a great bunch on their Ihoulders, but in other refpedls are not like thofe of the Eafr- Indies. Here is a good road for- fhips. Tat. l‘c. 00. S. Ion. 44. 5. E. Mohilef, or Mogilev, one of the 41 governments of the Ruffian empire, containing 1.2 diitrids, part of Lithu- ania, difmembered from Poland, by the partition treaty of, 1772. Its capital is Mohilef, a populous town, of con- fide} able trade, feated on the Dnieper, lat. 53. 52. K. ‘long. 31. 2. E. Mo i r a, or Moyr a, in Down, Ulfter, 15 miles S. of Antrim, and 69 N. of Dublin. It is noted for its linen manu- facture, and has a monthly market for vending the fame. Moissac, a town in the dept, of Lot, ,fcated on the river Tarn, near its conflux -With the Garonne, 13 miles W. of Mon- tauban. Mokesbearc , Devon f. near Halberton. Mo la, a town of Lavora, near the fea ; and a town of Bari, both in Naples. Molands , Kent, near Sandwich. Mold, a town of Flintlh. where the affizes -re held, 5 miles SSE. of Flint, and 13 WNW. of Wrexham. Moldash , Kent, adjoining Godmcr- fham. Moldavia, a province of Turkey in Eui'ope, bounded on the N. by Polapd on the E. by Bellarabia and Budziac Tar- tary ; on the S. by Walachia; and on the W. by Tranfylvania, being 180 miles in its greuteft length, and fomewhat Iefs in breadth. The principal rivers are the Pruth, Moldau, Bardalach, and Sereth. The foil is rich, and it abounds ■ in good failures, which feed a great number of horfes, oxen, and fneep : itaifo produces corn, pulfe, honey, wax, fruits, with plenty of game, filh, and fowls. The in- habitants are Chriitians of the Greek ^church. The Turks oblige the hofpodar, br waiwode, to pay an annual tribute, and to raife a large body of troops at his own expence, in time of war. Jaliy is the capital. Moldsxcorth, Chef, in Delamcre-Foreft. Mole, a mountain in the department of Mont Plane, which, from its height find hue hoping peak, is an objedl of great beauty, when feen from the Lake of Geneva, , Moljf in anfcient deeds called Eptlcj/, M O L a river in Surry, which is fuppofed to run under ground from Boxhill, near Dark- ing, till it appears again near Leather- head j it afterwards enters the Thames oppofitc Hampton-Court. Perhaps it is rather abforbed, efpccially in dry leafons, by a trad! of foft ground, called the Swal- lows, near two miles in length, and by caverns in the lidos of the banks : yet not fo far as to prevent a conftant ft ream from taking its courfe in an open chan- nel above ground, winding in the val- leys from barking to Leatherhcad, ex- cept in a very dry fummer ; in fuch fea- fons, at Burford- bridge, beyond Mickle- ham, its channel is fometimes dry. Mole, Kent, N. of Tunbridge. Mole- Hall, Eitex, near Tendring. Mole, or Moad- Hall, Elfex, near I lard field- Moleco-p , or Mowcop, Staffordlh. on the borders of Chefhire, towards Congleton. Moles - worth, Iluntindonlh. ,SW. of the Gid* dings. Molfetta, a town of Bari, Naples. Molina; a town, lordlhip, and river (which runs into the Tagus) of New Caflile 5 and a town of Murcia. Molington, near Cheltcr. Molise, or Moli^o, a county or territory of Naples, bounded on the N. by Abruzzo Citra $ on the E. by Capi- tanataj on the.S. by Lavora ; and on the W. by the States of the Church. It is 30 miles long and 24 wide,_ is a moun- tainous Country, but fertile in corn, wine, faffron, and lilk, and abounds in game. The town of Molifo is 50 miles NNE. of Naples, but Campo-balfo, is the, capital. Moll, a river of Saltzburg, and Up- per Carinthia, which runs into the Drave near Saxenburg. Molland, Devonf. NE. of S. Moulton. Mo l le N, a town of Saxe-Lawenburg, Lower Saxony, in the territory of Lu- bec, and 6 miles S. of that city. M oiler sta?ig, Weltmorl. near Pendra- gon-Caftlc. Moll- Hall, Eficx, W. of Thaxted. Mollington, Oxfordlhire and Warwicklbire, N. of Banbury. Molliston , Northumb. in Mitford barony. Molsheim, a town in the depart, of Lower Rhine, 10 miles WSW. of Straf- burg, and 228 E. of Paris. Moluccas, or Spice Islands, a cluffer of fmall but valuable rfiands in the Eallcrn Ocean, lying moftly within light of each other. The principal are '1 or- nate, Amboyna, 'I’ydorc, Machian, Ti- mor, or Motyr, Bachian, Bourfo, and Ceram. They are lituated to the E. and S. of Celebes. Their coafts are rendered very dangerous by fands and ilrclves. They MON They produce neither corn, rice, nor cattle, except goats ; but they have oranges, lemons, coarfe tobacco, and other fruits ; and are molt remarkable for fpices, especially nutmegs and cloves. Here are parrots of extraordinary beauty, and many birds of paradife. They' have large fnakes, which- are not venomous, but very dangerous lizards, or land cro- codiles. The Dutch, who drove out the Spaniards and Porfuguefe, keep out all other European nations, being jealous of their fpice trade. The natives are Pagans, but there are many Mahometans. Ail the particular kings of thefe iflands are fubjedtto the king of Ternate, who is in alliance with the Dutch. Moll, if not all of them, have been reduced by the Englilh, fince the commencement of the prefen t war. Molwitz, a town of Brieg, Si- Jefia. Mombaza, or Monbaza, a town and country of Africa, on the eafrern coaft, in Zanguebar, S. of Melinda. The foil is fruitful, producing rice; millet, and other grain, variety of fruit-trees, vege- tables, and efculents. Here is alfo plenty of cattle and poultry, and the country abounds with fprings of frefli water. The chmate is temperate, and the air healthy. The city was held fome time by the Por- tuguefe, but they wert* driven out in 1631 , by an Arabian fcheik, and their converts are moftly turned Mahometans. Lat, 3. 45. S. Ion. 39. 0. E. Mona, or Moen, an ifland of Den- mark, in the Baltic, SE. of Zealand, from which it is feparated by a narrow lea, about 16 miles in length, and from £> to 5 in breadth. It contains. one town, btoege, and fevcral villages. Monaco, a final 1 city of Italy, capital of a territory of the fame name, 4 or 5 Italian miles in circuit. It is feated on a craggy rock, which ftretches out into the lea, and has, or lately had, its own prince, under the protection of France. It has fortifications, with a good harbour, and is 8 miles NE. of Nice. Lat. 43 . 48 . N. Ion. 7. 36. E. Monaghan, a county of Ireland, in the province of Lifter, GO miles in length and from 10 to 20 in breadth; bounded on the YV. by Fermanagh; on the N. by Tyrone ; cm the E. by Armagh ; and on the SE. and S. by Louth and Cavan. It contains 19 parifhes, about 2 1,523 houfes, and 118,000 inhabitants. The foil is, in general, deep and fertile; wet and damp in fome places, and hilly in others. The baeu man.ufaciurc ftoiuvihes iu the M O N N. and W. parts, and is averaged ap. 104,0001. yearly. ^Monaghan, thecapitalof the county of Monaghan, was fortified with a caftle and fort againft the Irifii, in the reign o C Queen Elizabeth. It is 62 miles NNVV. of Dublin. Moriallen , in Down, Lifter. At Shan- • more, near this place, on the new canal being cut, fome years ago, a multitude of fallen trees of oak, alh, elder, &c. wai difeoverad, lying for near a mile in length, under a covering of earth, in fome place? 6, in others 8 feet deep, many of them oft large bulk, tumbled down, ode oves another, fome lying in llraigbt lines, and others in an oblique or tranfverfepofition*. Monamultina , in Wexford, Lei after. Monasteer, a town of 'Funis, bui!$ by the Arabs, on a peninfula which ad- vances into the lea, 15 miles SE. of Tunis, Monaster boy ce , in Louth, Leinfter. *Mon astervan, a town of Kildare, in Leinfter. It is feated on the river Bar- row, where a branch of the Grand Canal is united with that river, hereby opening a paffage between that metropolis and the province of Munfter. From its being a 1 ration orftage of the packets, as well as of the lumber boats, it has of late been much improved and enlarged, it is 6 miles W. of Kildare, 19 N. of Carlow, and 32 SW. of Dublin. Moncallier, a town of Piedmont, iltuated on an eminence near the Po, 5, miles W. of Turin. Moncalvo, a fmall town, in Mont- ferrat, feated on a mountain, 7 miles SSW. of Cafal. M0N9AON, or MoNgON, a fmall, but fortified towm of Entre Douro E Minho, ft tit at ed on the Minho, 24 miles N. of Braga. . ■ \ Mon^aras, a town of Alentejo, feated on the Guadiana, 25 miles E. of Elvora. Moncaster , Cumber!, near Raven glafs, M0N9ON, a town of Arragon, ftcuated on the Cinca, 7 miles S. of Balbaftro. Moncontour, a town in the dept, of the N. coaft r and a town in the dept, of V ienne. Mondego, 3 river of Portugal, whiefy has its fource near Guarda, in Beira, erodes that province, and palling by Coimbra,, falls ’into the Atlantic neaf Cape Mondego. Monderfitid, Hercf. S, of Bromyard, Mondidier, a town in the depart, of the Somme, feated on a mountain, 13 miles SE. of Amiens. Mondoneda, a town of Galicia, in Spun, 63 miles iSE, cf Corppoftcila f/ M0H5UUB£6AU, M O N Mondoueleau, a town in the dent.- of Loir and Cher, .13 miles NNW. .of Vcndome, and 30 NNW. of Blois. Mondovi, a town and lrnall pro- vince in Piedmont. Befides the cathe- dral, it has 5 parifh churches, an unver- fity, 13 convents, and about 10,000 in- habitants. The date of the foundation of the city is marked on a done in the cathedral, 123,2. It isfeated on a moun- tain near the river Elero, 30 miles S. of " Turin. Money, in Fermanagh, Lifter.. Mone- moynter, , in Waterford, Munfter. Monethisloyen , Monm. NW. of Ca- erleon. Monewdon, Sufiex, SW. of Framlinghain. Moneybridge , Line, in Holland". Mousy gall, in King’s county, Leinfter. J\ loneyhore, in Wexford, Leinfter. FVIoneymor'e, a town of Derry, in Lifter, 83 miles from Dublin. M on ford, 3 miles from Shrewfbury. Monforte, a town of Tralos Mon- tes ; a to.wn of Bciraj and a town of Alentejo > all in Portugal : a town of Galicia ; and a town of Valencia ; both in Spain: and a town of Demona, in’- Sicily. Mongallo, a town and capital of a kingdom*. N. of Monomotapa. It is iituated on a river of the fame name, which runs into the Indian Ocean, in lat. 30. 5. S. Mongans , St. NW. of Monmouth. Mongliam , Great and Little, Kent, 3 miles and* a half S. and SE. of Sandwich. MoNGHiR.a town and fortrefs of Hin- dooftan, in jlahar, feated on the S. hank of the Ganges, 70 miles E of Patna. , Monguls, a people who inhabit a country to the N. of China. They af- lame to be of the fame original as thofe who accompanied Tamerlane in the con- q hefts of India, Perlia, and other coun- tries, and ^called, in moft hiftories, Mo- guls. The country is very little known, except that part of it which the caravans pals through in travelling from Ruffta to China. The Monguls dwell in tents, or little moveable houles, and live entirely on the produce, of their cattle, which are bodes, camels, cows, and fheep. They exchange their commodities fer rice, iugar, tea, tobacco, cotton cloth, and fe veral forts of houtehold men ft Is' ; not having the ufe of money. The religion of the Monguls of the \V. is that of the Dalay-»Lama, which is full of ceremonies, not unlike Popery. Monh(dl r Effex, N E of Bumpfted. M O N Monheim, a town of Neuberg, Ba- varian and a town of Befg, Weftphalia. Monikedam, a fea-port of N. Hol- land, on the SW. coaft of the Zuyder Zee, . 9 miles NE. of Amfterdam. MoniUgsby, Line, near Bullingbrook. Monington, Heref. near Stanton. Mon- ' - inglon , Heref. near Morehampton. Monivea, in Galway, Connaught. Monk-' Breton, Yorkfti. near Barnefley. - Monlcey Island , Berks, in the Thames, v between Maidenhead and Windfor. * Monkland, Heref. NE. of Pembridge, j M onkland. Old and New, two towns ' of Lanerkfhire, 8 or 10 miles E. ofGlaf- gow ; a canal pafifes from here to the Clyde. Monkleighi Devnnf. S. of Frith- elftoke. Monklesden, Dirrh. on the ocean, NW. of Hartlepool. Monks Ely, SufF. near Bilderfton. Monks Park, Warw. 2 miles from Shuftoke. Mqnklon, Kent, in Thanct Iftc, 4 miles and a half NW. of. Sandwich. Monk Seton, North umb. on the ocean, NW. ofTinmouth. Monk Silver,.. Somerf. W. of Stokegomer. Monk Sohani, Suff. NW. of Framling- ■ ham. Monks ton. Plants, SW. of Andover. Monkstown,' in Dublin, Leinfter, 5 ' miles from the metropolis. Monkstown , in Cork, Munfter, near Cove. Monkton, Devonfhire, N. of Honiton. . Monkton , Dorfetfiiire, SW. of Cramborn. Monkton, or. 1/ inter born Monkton, Dorf. from that river running through it. it is one mile from Winterborn and Far- ringdon. M iikton, Kent, NE. of Len- ham. Monkton, Somerf. ,NE. of Taun- ton. Monkton, Wilts, E. of Caine. { Monkton- Bishops, Yorkf. SE. of Bo- * roughbridge. Monkton- Farley, Wilts. \ Monkton. More,- Yorkfh. W. Riding, S. of the Nyd. Monkton- Nun,' Y orkfhire, ! N. of the Nyd, and SE. of Borough- ; bridge. Monkton- West, Somerfetftiire,. between - Bridgewater and Tauntpn. Monkwood, Dcrfetfn. NW, of Armfwell. *Monmoxjtii, the county town of Monmouthfhire, pleafantly feated at the confluence of the rivers Wye, Munuow,. and Frothy, which almoft furround it. It is a large handfome town, and carries * on a confiderable trade with Briftol by, the Wye. In its once ftately caftle, the remains of which fhew it to have been very ftrong, ' Henry V. from hence called Henry of Monmouth, the conqueror of France, was born, it is 21 miles W, by S. of Gloucefter, and 123 W. by N. of London A plentiful market for ■ corn and prnviftons on Saturday. Fairs on Wlntfun Tuefday, September 4 th, and November 22 d. Monmoutb-shire M O N Monmouth, a town of New Jerfey. Monmouthshire, a county of Eng- land, hounded on the N. by Hcrefordfh. and Brecknockfhire, on the E. by Glou- cefterfhire, on the SE. by the mouth of the Severn, and on the Vv . by the coun- ties of Brecknock -and Glamorgan. Its extent from N. to S. is about 28 miles, and from E. to W. 20. It is divided into C hundreds, and contains 7 market towns, 127 parifhes, about 5,660 houfes, and 33,9 ft inhabitants. The air is temperate and healthy, and the foil fruitful, though mountainous and woody. The hills feed fheep, goats, and horned cattle ; and the valleys produce plenty of grafs and corn. Befide the Wye, the Mynnow, and the Rhyney, or Rumney, this county has aim oil peculiar to itfelf the river Ufk, which divides it into two unequal por- tions, the eaftern, and largeft part of which is a trail, fertile, on the whole, in corn and pal lure, and well wooded. It abounds with limeftone, which is burnt on the fpot, for the general manure of the country. The fmaller weftern portion is mountainous, and, in great part, unfavourable for cultivation; whence it is devoted to the feeding of fheep. It has feveral long, narrow valleys, watered by itreams that fall into the Briltol Chan- nel. All the rivers above mentioned, particularly the Wye and Lfk, abound with fifh, efpeciaily falmon and trout. Monmouthfhire was formerly reckoned one of the counties of Wales ; and, from the names of its towns and villages, its mountainous, rugged furface, as well as its fituation beyond the Wye, which feems to form a natural boundary between England and Wales in this part ; it cer- tainly partakes moft of the character of the latter country, though, fince the reign of Charles 11. when it was . added to the Oxford circuit* it has been con- sidered as an Englifh county. The people ufe the Weifh language, but the Englifh tongue is coming into ufe. The manu-v failure of this county is flannels. MoIioemugi, or Nimaama, a king- dom of Africa, lying near the equator, find to be bounded by Abyffinia on the N.; Mongallo, Mozambique, and other ftates of Zanguebar on the E. : Mono- motapa on the S. ; and Congo and An- gola on the W. ; but the real limits are unknown. The fovereign, however, is rich and powerful, having fubdued moft of the petty kings around. IJisfuhjecls carry on a commerce with Abyfttnia and the eaftern coafts in gold, and vafr quan- tities of ivory teeth, as elephants are very MON numerous here, which they exchange for Europerm and Indian commodities. This is all we can find concerning this .un- known empire. Monomotapa, a country of Africa, extending from the Indian Sea to a con- fidcrable d iff a nee from it, between lat. 15. 0. and 23. 0. S. and between Ion. 24. and 35. E. The climate is temperate, the air is clear and healthy, and the foil fertile, well watered, and abounding with pafture grounds. Sugar-canes grow here without cultivation. There are a great many oftriches, and vaft herds of ele- phants ; their forefts fwarm with wild bealis and gain**, and on their pafture- grounds are bred vaft multitudes of cat- tle. Their rivers abound with gold as well as fifh, 'and they have mines of filver. They exchange their gold and filver with the Portuguefe for cotton- cloth, and other merchandife, and trinkets brought from India and Europe. The houfes in Benemntapa, the metropolis, called by fome Medrogan, are white- washed within and without, and adorned with beautiful cloths of cotton, finely wrought and dyed. The palace is a large fpacious fabric of wood, well flanked with towers, and with four ave- nues or ffately gates, continually kept by a numerous guard. The natives are all black, with woolly hair, notwith- fianding their diffance from the equator. They believe in one God that created, the world, and admit of polygamy. The metropolis is about 20 miles W. of Sof’a’a. Mono pol i, a town of Bari, Naples, fituated on the Adriatic. Mons, called by the Flemings Berg- hen in Hanegow, a city cf the late Aus- trian Hainault, having manu failures of fays, grograms, &c. and a good trade. It was taken by the Duke of Luxem- bourg in 1691, and by the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene, Ocd. 20, 1709. It ltands on a hill, in a marfhy foil, at the confluence of the rivers Haine and Trouide, 17 miles SE. of Tournay. Monsanto, or Monte Sante. See Athos. Monscomb , Suflex, N. of Rrighthclm- ftonc. Monsil Lacy , Herefordfh. NW. of Kcochefter. MoNstier. See Moutier. M'o ntabaur, a fmall town of Treves, Montagnac, a town in the fefpec- tive departments of Hermit, Dordogne; and two in the department cf Lot and Garonne. Montague Island, one of the New I i Hebrides, M O N> Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean ; alfo an vfland in the N. Pacific Ocean, fituated at the entrance of Prince William Sound, near the W. coad of N. America. It is about 50 miles long and 10 broad. Lat. about 60. N. Ion. 147. to 148. W. Montaigu, a town of La Vendee ; a: town of Puy de Dome ; and a town of the Lot and Garonne; alfo Montaigu , or Scherpenheuely a town of the late Auf- trian Brabant. Mont-Alban, a fortrefs of Nice, fituated on the coad of the Mediterra- nean, between Nice and Villa Franca. Mo NT alto, a town "of Ancona. Montanagee , in Kerry, M under. Montarc-is, a conliderable town in the dept, of Loiret. The milliard and cutlery of this place are excellent ; and from the river Loing is a navigable canal hence to the Seine. 1 1 is feated near a fine fored, 15 miles S. of Nemours, and 62 S. of Paris Mo NT au ban, a commercial town in the department of Lot. The inhabitants amount to 40,000 ; and have manufac- tures of filk dockings and duffs, ferges, Iballoons, &c. It is feated on an eminence, on the river Tarn, 20 miles N. of Tou- loufe. Alfo a town in the dept, of L“!e and Vilaine; and a town in the dept, of the Drom. Montbazo N, a town in the dept . of Indre and Loire,' feated at the foot of a hill, 135 miles SW. of Paris ; and a town in the dept, of Rerauit, 10 miles SW. of Montpellier. Mo ntbel liard, a town and prin- cipality of Swabia, trading in linen, leather, dockings, and cutlery ; it is in- fuiated in France, (to which one part of it belongs), by the departments of Up- per Saone, Upper Rhine, and Doubs. It is pleafantlv feated at the foot of a rock, with a fertile foil and in a wholefome air, near the rivers Alaine and Doubs, 33 miles SW. of Bade. Montblanc. See Blanc Mont. Montbrison, a confiderahlc town in the dept, of Rhone and Loire, celebrated for its medicinal waters. It is feated on the river Vezize, 40 miles W. of Vienne, and 250 S. by E. of Paris. Mont-Cassino, a town and cele- brated abbey of L Ivor a, in Naples. Mont-Dauphin, a town in the de- partment of Upper Alps, 8 miles N. of Embrun, almoft i'urrounded by the river Durance, 8 miles N. of Embrun. Monte Alto, a’ town of Ancona. Montececce, a town of Molifo, Na- ples. M O N Montecchio, a town of Modena. Monte Corvino, a town of Prin- cipato Citra. Monte Christo, a town of Guay- aquil, in Quito, S. America. Monte-P alco, a town of Spoleto. Monte- Falcone, a town ofMolifo, Naples; and a cape on the W. coaft of Sardinia ; in lat. 40. 45. N. ; a cape on the S. coad of the illand of Yirca, and a cape on the coad of Algiers, in lat. 35. 45. N. Monte-Fiascone, a final 1, but po- pulous town in the Patrimonio, dtuated near the Lake Bolfena, in a country abounding with excellent wine, 1 1 miles NNW. of Viterbo. Monte Leone, a town of Princi- pato Ultra, and a town of Calabria Ultra. Montelimart, a town in the dept, of Drome, with lome manufactures of wool, filk, and leather. It is feated in a fertile plain, on the river Rohiou, 25 miles S. of Valence, and 325 S. byE. of Paris. Monte-Marano, a town of Princi- pato Ultra, feated on the river Cal ore. Monte-mor-o-Novo, aconfiderable town of Alentejo, fituated on the Canna, 15 miles WNW. of Evora. Monte-mqr-o-Velho, a town of Beira, on the Mondego, feated in a fertile country, 10 miles SW. of Coimbra, and 90 N. of Lifbon. Monte-Peloso, a townofBafilicata, Naples. Monte-Pulciano, a town of Tuf- cany, feated on a high mountain, near the river Chiana, in a country noted for excellent wine, 25 miles SE. of Sienna. Montereau, a town in the dept, of Seine and Marne, fituated at the conflux; of the rivers Seine and Yonne, 12 miles NE. of Nemours. Montes a, a town of Valencia. Montesquieu, a town in the dept, of Upper Garonne, 15 miles SSE. of Thouloufe. Monte-Verde, a town of Principato Ultra. Monteerrat, a duchy of Italy, bounded on the E. by the Milanefe, anc[ part of the territory of Genoa ; on the N. by the ci-devant Savoy ; on the W . by Piedmont; and on the S. by the ter- ritory of Genoa. It contains 200 towns and caftlcs, and is very fertile, and well cultivated, abounding in corn, wine, oil, and filk, and is fubjedt to the king of Sardinia. Cafal is the capital. Montfort, a town in the dept, of Seine and Oife, 25 miles W. of Paris. Montfort, MON Montfort, a town in the depart, of Seine and Oife, 25 miles W. of Paris. Montfort, a town in the depart, of Hie and Vilaine, 12 miles NNW. of Rennes : alfo a town in the refpedlive de- partmentsofEuve, Landes, Gers, and Sarte. Montfort, a handfome town of Utrecht, feated on the river Yilel, 23 miles S. of Amfterdam. Montfort, a town of Auftria; and a town and country of Suabia. Montfort-de-Lemos, an ancient town of Galicia, feated in a fertile country. Montgatz, a town and lordfhip of Hungary, with an almoft impreg’hable caftle, eredled <^n a high and ftcep hill, 52 miles ESE. of Cafchau. Montgomery, the county town of Montgomerylhire, a fmall neat town, with a rich foil, but little trade. The reliques of its caftle, which Hand on a projecting ridge, of a great height and fteepnefs, and, towards the end, are quite precipitous, impend in a picturefque manner over the town, but are now very fmall. It is pleafantly feated on a rocky hill, near the Severn, 26 miles SW. by W. of Hereford, and 1 6 1 NW. of Lon- do n . Market on Thurfday. Montgomery, a county in the re- fpecrire ftates of New- York, Maryland, and Virginia. Montgomeryshire, a county of N. Wales, bounded on the N. by Me- rionethfhire and Denbighfhire, on the NE. and E. by Shropfhire, on the S. by Radnorfhire, on the SW. by Cardigan- fthre, and on the W. by part of Merio- jnethftr.re. It extends 33 miles from N. to S. and about 24 from E. to \V. and is divided into 7 hundreds, which contain 6 market towns, 47 pariihes, about 5,660 houfes, and 33,960 inhabitants. The air is pieafant and falubriousj and the coun- try, i n general, mountainous, but fertile, (the S. SE. and NE. parts are extremely fo, being much more level) and agreeably interfperfed with valleys, hills, meadows, and corn-fields. The hilly trails are al- moft entirely fheep- walks ; and the flocks, like thole of Spain, are driven from dif- tant parts to feed cn them during the fummer. This county alfo affords mi- neral treafures, particularly lead ; and it abounds with Hate and lime ; but there is no coal. Its principal rivers are the Severn, Vyrnew, and Tannat, which are remarkable for their great variety of ftib, and for falrnon in particular. Mont grace- Abbey* Yorkf. NE. of M O N Northallerton. Montisford, Hants, near the Somborns. Mo nt joy, a town in the dept, of Lot and Garonne, 14 miles E. of A gen ; alfo another town in the fame depart. 9 miles SSW. of Agen. Montivilliers, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine, 6 miles N. of Havre. Mont-Louis, a fortified town in the department of die Eaftern Pyrenees j and a town in the department of Intlre and Loire. Mont Luel, a town in the dept, of Ain, feated on the river Seraine, 1.2 miles NE. of Lyons. Mont-Lu£ON, a town in the dept, of Allier, feated on the river Cher* 35 miles SW. of Moulins, aijd 150 S. of Paris. Montmarau.lt, a town in the de- partment of Allier, 24 miles SW. of Moulins. Montmartin pres laMer, a town in the dept, of the Channel ; and Mont- martin en Grange, another town in the fame department. Montmedi, a frnall town in the de- partment of Mcufe, feated on the river Cher, which divides it into the Upper and Lower Town. It is 22 miles SE. of Sedan, and 135 NNE. of Paris. Mo ntmelian, a town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, with a large and lofty caftle, feated on the rocky fummit of a moun- tain, inacceffiblc, except towards the town. It is fituated in a very agreeable country near the river Here, 8 miles SSE. of Cham berry. IvIontmorenci, a town in the dept, of Seine and Oife, feated upon a hill, 8 miles N. of Paris ; and a town in the depart, of Aube, 16 miles N. of Bar. Mo nt- Mo rill on, a fmall town in the department of Vienne, feated on the Gartemp. Montpellier, a large, rich, and, beautiful city in the depart, of Herault. Before the revolution, here was an uni- versity, with a celebrated fchool of me- dicine, founded by phyticians, who were expelled from Spain in the year 1180. The fcarlet gown of that witty philofo- pher, Rabelais, with which dodtors of phytic are, or were invefted here, at taking their degrees, has long fincc ceafcd to be an original, the ftudents having, from time to time, cut off little flips, fo that the. robe now, or lately ufed, is, at leaft, the third or foiuth fub- ftitute : alio- a botanic- garden, the firft eftahljfhed in Europe, and an academy of fciences. 'I he towu-houfe is remarkable for its balls, whkh are embeltifhed with l 1 2 fin* M ON MON fine paintings. It lias many fine houfes, and feveral flately edifices, hut the ftreets are very narrow. The number of inha- bitants is computed at 50,000, who trade in verdigrife, which is the principal ma- nufacture, wool, wine, aqua-vitte, tlun- gary- water, cinnamon- water, capillaire, ell'ence of bergamot, lemons, & c. alfo in woollen carpets, dimities, fuftians, and i 1 1 k fiockings. Thefe commodities are font, by the canal, to Cette, which is the fea-port of Montpellier. The air is extremely healthy, and a great number of perfons flock hither, from all parts, to recover their health. Montpellier is pleafantly feated upon a hill, by the river Lez, 5 miles from the Mediterranean, 27 SW. of Nifmes, and 212 S. by E. of Paris., Montpensier, a town in the dept, of Puy de Dome, feated on a hill, 20 miles NE. of Clermont, and 210 SE. of Paris. Mont-Real, a town of A rrago n ; and a town of Navarre, both in Spain : and a town of Sicily, 3 miles WSW. of Palermo. Montreal, an file of N. America, in the river St. Lawrence* about 30 miles in length, and 12 in breadth. The foil is very fertile, and the air wholefome. It was farrendcred by the French, in 1760, to the Englifh, by a capitulation, by which all Canada was likewife ceded. It has a town of the fame name, with wide, open ftreets, built on the fide of the river, whence there is a gradual, eafy afeent to what is called the Upper Town. It is pretty ftrongly fortified by a citadel, wall, baftions, &c.arid has fuffered much by fires, fincc it has been in the poiTcftion of the Englifh. The only ftaple com- modity is furs, and the fkins of foxes, ra- coons, deer, and other peltry* produced by their trade with the Indians, together with corn and lumber to the W . Indies. Montreal is now the capital of the pro- vince of Upper Canada, and is 120 miles SW. of Quebec, and 110 N. of Al- bany. Lat. 45. 38. N. Ion. 73. W. Mont-Real, or Mount-Royal, a fortrofs of Treves, fituated on the Mo- Cclle. Montreal, the name of a town in the refpedfive departments of the A onne, Cera, Aude, and Ain. Montr.EUIL, a tovvn in the dept, of the Straits of Calais, feat eh on ain’t near the river Canche.. 10 miles NW of tlef- din, and 117 N. of. Paris. Alfo, feveral Other towns of France. Mo.strkuu.i-Ee:. lay, a town in the depti of Maine and Loire, feated on the river Touet, 9 miles S. of Saumur, and 155 from Paris. Mont-Richard, afmall town in the dept, of Loir and Cher, feated near the Cher, 12 miles SSE. of Amboife, and 112 SW. of Paris. ♦Montrose, a town of Angusfiiire, containing, in 1790, about 6,194 inha- bitants. At high water it is almoft fur- rounded by the fea. The harbour is a fine femicircular bafon, with a handfome fione pier; and a great number of trading vefl’els belong to this port. The build-' ings arc neat, and many of them in tiie modern take. The moft remarkable are the town-houfe, the prelbyterian church, and an elegant cpifcopal chapel. A great quantity of malt is made here ; and there aie manufadtures of fail-cloth, linen, co- loured and white thread, brown fheeting, Ofnaburgs, and cotton ftockings, as alio a tannery and rope-works. The falmon, fisheries on the N. and S. Elk form a va- luable branch of commerce. Montrofe- is feated on a gentle eminence, in a pe-i ninfula, formed by the eft nary of S. Efk, (over which a new bridge has been lately e redded) and the German Ocean, 48 miles, NE. of Edinburgh. . Montserrat, a fingular mountain in. Cata’onia, on which is a celebrated" mo-, naficry and chapel, with hermitages, in- habited by monks of feveral nations, who entertain all that come out of devotion, or curiofity, for three days, gratis. This' mountain is faid to be 10 miles in ciry cumference, and 5' high. From the top of it is a view of the country to the dif-t tance of 150 miles. It is 20 miles NVVV of Barcelona. Montserrat, a well-watered fruit-; fill ill and in the Weft indies, difeovered, in 1493, by Columbus, and fo named by him from itsrefemblancc to the above mentioned mountain in Spain. Jt is about 9 miles in length, and as much in breadth, and is divided into two parifties. The mountains are covered with cedar, cypvcfs, bhe iron-tree, with other woods, and fome odoriferous Ihrubs. As to iod, animals, and commerce, Montferrat is much the fame as the other Caribbee lflands. it is porlefied by the Englifh, and is 30 miles. SW. of Antigua. Lat* 16. 54. N. Ion. Cl. 34. W. Mont Sr. Michael, a town in the dept of the Channel, built on a rock, in the midftofn fandy plain, which is over- flowed by the fea twice in 24 hours, it L 7 miles SW. of A Tranches, and 180 W . of Pari*. MOE M 0 R Monts tone, Ifle of Wight, in W. Me-* ,dina. Monwood , Warvv. W. of Anftey. Mom/ Ash, Derby fhire, in the High Peak. Monza, a town of Milan, fi mated on the river Lambro, 8 miles NNE. of Mi- lan. In its treafury is the iron crown, with which the ancient Italian kings, and af- terwards the emperors of Germany, were crowned as kings of "Lombardy, it is of gold, enriched with jewels, about 3 fin- gers in- height, and exceedingly fmall, with an iron ring on the outlkle. It has neither points nor rings. d to-'. n, or Moun , in Kildare, Leinlter, wit bin three miles of Caltledermot. Moor, a county of N. Carolina. Moor Bay, on the coait of Clare in Connaught. Lat. 52. 38. N. Moor , Chefhire, S. of Warrington. Moor -Hall, Lancaf. near Bolton. Moor- Hall, llertf. SW. of Buntingford. Moor- Kirk, Yorkf. Moor-End , Glpuc. a hamlet to Havtpury. M oorMnd, GJou . in Slim- bridge parifh. Moor- Lynch, Somerfetf. Moor Par!;, Surry, near Karr. ham. Moor- P’ins/oii', Cornwall, N. of Stratton. Moorshedabad, a large, ill-built, j decaying city of Bengal', fituated near the weftern arm, of the Ganges, 100 miles N. of Calcutta. It was formerly the capital of Bengal, before the eftablifhment of the Englifh power. Mora, a town of New Caftile ; and a .town of Alcntejo. Mora , in Waterford, Munfter. Moran , Cornwall, SW. of Tregony. .21 Lo an s-Court, Kent, near Sevcnoaks. Morant, or East Point, the moll .eafteriy promontory of Jamaica. Lat. .17. 56. N. Ion. 75.' 56. W. L Mo rat, a con fiderable town and baili- wick of Swiflerland, in the Validois, fitu- ated on t.he SE. fide of the lake to which it gives name, 12 miles W. of Be n. 1 Me rat, a lake of Swiflerland, in the bailiwick of the fame name, 6 miles long, and 2 broad, emptying itfelf into the Lake or Xeufcbatel by means of the river Broye. , Moravia, The M-arquisate of, .a province of Germany, furrounded by .Silelia, Bohemia, and Auftria, and divided into fix circles. It is partly mountainous and woody, and partly champaign, with many morales, bogs, and lakes j and has conlfantly remained annexed to the crown .of Bohemia. It takes its name from the river Morava, or Moraw, which runs through, it ; is very fertile and populous ", an d hence the Lnitas Fratrum, or Brethren, called Moravians, take their name, their doctrines having been early promulgated here. Oluiutz is the capital,, Moraw, or Morava, a river of Ger- many, which rifes on the confines of Bo- hemia and Silefia ; crofl’es all Moravia, where it waters Ohnutz and Hradifch, and falls into the Danube after leparating the countries of Lower. Hungary and Upper Auftria. Mo rave, a river which rifes in Bul- garia, runs N. through Serviaby Nifla, and falls into the Danube 8 miles E. of Semcndrta. Morsach, or MurbaCh, a town in tlie dept, of Lower Rhine, 42 .miles. S. of Stralburg. Morbath , Dorfetlhire, in Whitchurch parifh. M arbor n , H untf. N W . of Stilton . Morbegno, a handfomc commercial town in the Valteline, in the country of the Grifons, featccl on the S. fide of the Adda. It is the refid ence .of a bailiff, who has the title of Podella, and is 12 miles SE. of Chiavenna. Mo rbi han, a department of France, bounded on the N. by the dept, of the North Coafr, and on the W. by the dept, of Finifterre. It takes its name from a fmall bay between that town and the if and of Belleifte, Its entrance is narrow ; but it expands within, and contains about 30 little ifiands.. Vannes is the capital. M orchard, Bishop's, Devon (hire, SE.of Chimleigh. M orchard Crunks , Devonf, 4 miles SW. of Tiverton. March cl, Eflex, near Harlow. Morcote, or B ou- tfield, Gioucef. a hamlet in Minterfwcrth -parifh. More on tb Lake, Dorfetlhire, W. of Chidiock. M or den, Dorfetlhire, N. of Wareham. Morden, Surry, between Chipfted and Kent. Morden, Upper , Surry, S. of Wimbledon. Morden, Gil - den and Steeple, Cr« m bri dgef. near R oyfton . Mmdjord, SE. of Hereford. Mordon , Durham, SE. of Bifnop-Aukland. More, near Hereford. More . Devonf. in High Week parifh. More ,• Herts, a manor in Rickmanfworth. More, Worcef. on the banks of the feme. More, North u mb. in Bothal barony. More, Shropshire, N. of Bilhop’s Caftle, More, Suiiex, NE. of Petworth. Morf.a, formerly called Pelopon-. nesus, a peniniula in the fouthem part of Greece, to which it is joined by the Ifrhmus of Corinth, lying between the Gulfs of Lcpanto and Engia. It is ISO miles in length, and i30in breadth. The ah is temperate, and the foil fertile,, ex- cepting the middle, where there are many mountains. Its - prefent name is faid to. he derived from Morns, a mulberry-tree, from the great number of mulbeny trees, it produces. It is watered by feveral ru I i. 3 M O R M O R vers, of which the Alpheus, the Valili- Potamo, and the Stromio, are the chief. It is divided into four diftridls. The fan- giack of the Morea relides at Modon. MofebaTn, Leicef. near Orton. Afore- bath, or M i ir hack, Dcvonf. N. of Bamp- ton. Moreby , Line, near Bullingbrook. Morecambe Bay, on thecoaft of Lanca- shire, in the Iriih Channel, at the mouth of the Dudden and'Leven. More-Church , Dorletlhiro) W. of Horton. Morecot , Hants, SW. of Rumfey. Morecot, Ox- I'ordf. between Bicefter and Whatley. Morecot, Ruth S. of the Luft'enhains. Morecot- Hall, Wiarw. in Bcrkefwell pa- rifn, near Mereden. Morehall, Effex, near Harlow. More-Hall, Suffex, S. of Alh- buniham. More-Hall, Middl. NW. of Uxbritrge. More- Hall, Warwickf. N. of Bitford. M ore- Hall, Warwickf. NE. of Sutton. Morehamptoh, Heref. near the Golden Vale. Morehaich, Middl. a ham- let of Enfield. M or chapes, Devonshire, on the Culme, oppofitc to Columpton. Morehouse, NE. of Durham. Morehouse , Nott. a hamlet ofLexington. Morehouse, \ orkl. in Holderncfs, near Frodlingham. Morel louses , Derbyf, NW. of Chcfter- ficld. More Lees, Lancafhire, near Leigh. Morel la, a town of Valencia, on the mountainous frontiers of Arragon. Moremead , B erts, nearHitchin. Mo- reud , Glouccf. a hamlet in Mangotsfeld parifh. More-North, W. of Oxford. Moresby , Cumb. 2 miles NE. of White- haven. Mores-Court, Dorfetf. near Stur- m in fter- Marfhal . AJoresham, Yorkf. N. Riding, in Skelton parish. Morcsley, NE. of Durham. Moreslecl, Hants, SE. of Winchefter. Moret, an ancient town in the dept, of the Seine and Marne, featedon a canal, near the Seine/3 j miles SE. of Paris. M arete//, Stair .'near Wolverhampton. Moreton-H ampstead, a pretty large town of Devonfnire, with a co n li- fe raid e woollen manufacture. It is icated on a hill, near Dartmoor, 14 miles SW. of Exeter, 'and 185 W. by S. of London. A noted market for yarn on Saturday. Mo reton, a town" in Glouceft erihire, Seated cn the Fcftcway, 29 miles ESE. of Worcefter, and 83 VVNW. pf London. Alack et difufed. Moreton, Ch.efhire, near Hvlc-Lake. Alarehn , Start. E. or Aquilate-Meer, and Vv. of Stafford. Moreton, Staff, N. of Necdwood-Eoreft. Moreton, W orcefterf. SV . of A led ter. Moret >u- Alcamloxr, Chefhite, by Congleton. Aloreton-Corbet, Sbropf. SE. of \\ ' em. AI.rctcn 'Jeffery;*, Heref, between Brunyard and Hereford. Moreton-Say, Shropfhire, near Drayton. Moretown, Northumberland, near Tweed- mouth. Morewent-End, Gloucerterfliire, a hamlet to Hartpury parifh. Morgan, a town of Virginia, fituated on the Moponghela river. Morgan’s Town, a town in Pennfyl- vania. Morges, a town of Swifl’erland, in the' Vaudois, and capital of a bailiwick. It is a place cf fome trade, with a port and quay, and is fituated on theN. fide of the Lake of Geneva, 5 miles W. ofLaufanne. Morges, a town in the dept, of Here. Morgo. See Amorgo. Morhange, a town in the dept, of Mofdle, -21 miles ESE. of Metz, and 200 E. of Paris. More ac hi a, a mountainous country, chiefly in the N. part of Dalmatia, the inhabitants of which are called Morlacks, or Morlacchi; fubjedt to the Emperor. They inhabit the pleafant valleys of Ko- ter, along the rivers Kerha, Cet-ina, Na- renta, and among the inland mountains, of Dalmatia. They are faid, by fome to be of \V alachian extraction ; but this is denied by Abbe Fortis, who thinks their origin involved in the darknefs of barba- < rous ages. Among a variety of curious } particulars refpedVmg their manners and cuftoms, he prefents fome very pleafing traits cf character. “ Friendship,” he; fays, “ is lafting among the Morlacchi. They have even made it a kind of reli- gious point, and tie the facred bond at the foot of the altar. The Sclavonian ri- tual contains a particular benediction, for . the folenm union of two male or two ter- ’ male friends, in the prefence of the con- ( gregation. He was prefent at the union ! of two young women, who were made S Posestre, in the church of Pcruflich. The . f itisfaCtion,” he continues, “that fparklcd iu their eyes, when the ceremony was per- < formed, gave a convincing proof, that de- licacy of fentiment can lodge in minds net formed, or rather not corrupted, by fociety, which we call civilized. The liiale friends, thus united, are called Po- bratirni, and the 'females Posestre ??ie r which mean half-brothers and half-lifters. Friendthips between thofe of different fexes are not hound with fo much fo- lemnity, though perhaps in more ancient and innocent.ages it was all o the cuftom.. From thefe confecratcd friend Ihips among the Morlacchi, and other nations of the fame origin, it (hould feem, that the fworn brothers arofe, a denomination frequent enough among the common people in many parts of Hurone. If difcord hap- pen^ MOR M O R pens toarife between two friends, among the Morlacchi, it is talked of, over all the country, as a fcandalous novelty ; and there have been fome examples of it of late years, to the great affliction of the old Morlacchi, who attribute the depravity of their countrymen, to their intercourfe with the Italians. Wine, and ftrong liquors, of which the nation is beginning to make daily abufe, after our example, will, of courfe, produce the fame bad effeCts as among us.” MorlaIx, a confiderable fea-port in the dept, of Finifterre, with a tide- har- bour. The Notre- Da me church is a lingu- lar flruCture, and thehofpital is very hand- fome'; the inhabitants carry on a confi- derable trade in linen, hemp, and tobacco. It is feated on a river of the fame name, SO miles NR. of Breft. M or land, Weftmorl. W. of Appleby. M or las, a river in Carmarthenf. Morley, G milesNE. of Derby. M or ley, Devonf. between Totnefsand Kingfbridge. Mor- ley, St. Botof pit's and St. Peter 's, Norf. S W. of W indliam . Morley, Y orkfbire, SW. of Leeds. Motley-Hall ', called alfo Hallingbury, Eflex, near Birchinghanger. Morley- Nether, Northumberland, near Chipchafe. Morlinch, Somerfetlhire, near Bridgewater. Morningthorp, Norfolk, S. of Saxlinghavn. Morocco, an empire of Africa, com- prehending a confiderable part of the an- cient Mauritania, bounded on the W. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the E. by Algiers and Biledulgerid, on the N. by the Me- diterranean, and on the S. by Zahara. Its greateft length is about 450 miles ; and, where wideit, about 390 . The territories of Morocco are formed by the union of feveral fmall kingdoms, anciently limited to a Angle province, and perpetually at variance with each other, till, at laft, they were all fubdued, and united under one fovereign, by the fharifs. The S. part of the empire contains the kingdom of Suz, Tarudant, Morocco Proper, i afiletz, and Segilmeflaj and the N. part, thofe of Fez, Mequinez, and Tremecen ; but the latter having been conquered by the Turks of Algiers, is now a part of that regency. The air of this country is very pure, and pretty temperate) efpecially to the N. of Mount Atlas. The foil, though fendy and dry on the'wefiern coafl, is exceed- ingly fertile ; the land containing within itfelf falls fulficient to make it fruitful. The increafe of corn is often as- fixty to one. The fruits, luch as vines, figs, me- lons, apricots, apples, pears, olives, and .die prickly pear, or Barbary fig, the patyi}- tree, as well as the pad u res, are excellent, but dates ripen with difficulty ; and in- deed the country, &c, is not properly cul- tivated, as two thirds of it, at leaft, lies wafle. Acorns, which taffe like chefnuts, fait and wax, abound here. The humi- dity of the atmofpherc is fo corrofiv.-, that it quickly covers with ruff, iron, flee!, metals, and even the keys and feiflars carried in the pocket. The Moors make food of the locuffs ; prodigious quantities of them are brought to market, faked and dried like red herrings. The inhabitants are Mahometans, of a tawny complexion,- robuff, and very Ikilful in managing a horfe and wielding a lance. There are two forts of inhabitants j the Arabs, who dwell in moveable villages, compoled of about 100 tents, and the Bereberies, or Brebes, who are the ancient inhabitant?, and dwell in cities and towns. There are a great number of Chriftian Haves, and fome merchants, upon the coafl, befide a multitude of Jews, who carry on almoft all the trade j efpecially by land with the negroes, to whom they fend large ca- ravans, who travel over vaft deferts, almoll deftitute of water. They carry with them woollen manufactures, lilk, fait, &c. and, in return, have flaves, gold, and elephant’s teeth. Out of the flaves the emperor re- cruits his cavalry. They alfo fend large caravans to Mecca every year, partly put of devotion, and partly fdr trade, confift- ing of feveral thou land camels, horfes, and mules. Their commodities are woollen manufactures, Morocco leather, indigo, cochineal, clinch feathers, fait, and wax ; in return for which they have filks, muf- fins, calicos, coffee, and drugs, In the deferts are lions, tigers, leopards, and ler- pents of feveral kinds. The fruits are dates, figs, grapes, almonds, lemons. Granges, melons, pomegranates, apples, pears. See. They have alfo flax and hemp, but lijttle timber. The naval force con- fifts chiefly of rovers," who now and then take large prizes, efpecial ly thole belong- ing to Sallee. The emperor is abfolute, his will being a law, and he often exerr cifes great cruelties. Tlis ufual taxes are, one tenth of the goods of his Ma- hometan fubjeefs, and fix crowns a year of the Jews but he eftm breaks through thefe rules, and ieiges what he pleafcs. Fie can bring 100,000 men into the field, half of which are foot, and half horfe ; but they are poorly armed, and know but little of the art of war. Morocco, the c;-pital of the kingdom of Morocco, feated in a beautiful plain, planted \*%i pilm- prees, formed by a chain J i * . ftjt MOR of mountains on the N. having Mount Atlas, from which it is diftant about 20 miles, on the S. and E. Though one of the capitals of the empire (for there are three, Morocco, Mcquinez, and Fez) it has nothing to recommend it but its great extent, and the royal palace. It is in- clofed by remarkably {Kong walls, built of tabby, the extent of which ftill exifis entire, and fuppofes a city which might contain^ 300,000 fouls: they are flanked by fquare towers, and furrounded by a wide and deep ditch. The mofques are more numerous than magnificent. The fireets are narrow, dirty, and irregular, and many of the houfes uninhabited, and falling to ruin. Thofe which are decent are built of tabby, and inclofed in gar- dens 5 -but the generality of them, which are not better than ruins of houfes heaped one upon another, ferve only to harbour thieves, who lurk among them, in order to rob paflengers. M. Chenier doubts whe- ther Morocco contains 30,000 inhabitants, even when the court is there. The jews, who are pretty numerous here, have a i'c- parate town, walled in, and under the charge of an alcade, appointed by the emperor. They have a market of their own; and when they'enter the Moorifli town, market, or palace, they are com- pelled to be bare- footed. It has two gates, which are regYarly flint every evening at nine o’clock, after which no perlon can enter or depart, till they are opened the next morning. The palace is a'very exten- sive and folid building, with gates com- pofed of Gothic arches, embellilhed with ornaments in the Arabian tafte. Within the walls are various courts and gardens, elegantly laidaiit by European gardeners. Lat. 31. 12 . N. Ion. 6. 45. W. Moron, a town in Seville, Andalufiaj and a town in the department of Mor- bihan. . Mo rot 07 , one of the Sandwich Tfles, about 7 miles YYNW. ot Mowee. Y a ms are its principal produce yet it has but little wood. The ccail, on the fouthern and weflern fidesof the ifland, forms feve- ral bays, which promife a tolerable fliel- ter from the trade-winds. Lat.oi. 10 . N. Ion, 157. 14. W. ^Morpeth, a town of Northumber- land, leated on ;!ie river Wardbeck, 28 miles N, of Durham, and 287 N. by W. of London. A good market on Saturday tor corn, cattle, gnd provifions, and a very large one on YY edneiday for liye cattle. Fairs on YY edneiday, Thurfday, and Fri- day before \Y hitfunday j and the -Wed- neiduy before July 22 d. M O R Morrick, Northumb. near Warkworth. Morris, Cornwall, NE.of Botreaux-Caftle. Morris, a county of New Jerfey. Morrison, a town of N. Carolina. Morr.is Town, a town of New Jerfey. Mortag^ie, a town in the dept, of Orne, well known for its ferges and tan- ners. Alfo a town in the dept, of the North, 8 miles SE. of Tournayj a town in the dept, of Lower Charente 3 apd a town in the dept, of Y r endee. Mortain, a town in the dept, of th? Channel, aim dll furrounded by craggy rocks, leated on the rivulet Lances, 20 miles SSE. of A tranches. Mortar.,, a town of Lumcllo, in Milan. Mori- Boy, and Morthow, Devonshire, SW. of Ilfracomb, near the coaft. Morti- 7ncr, Berks. Mortimers , Kent, hear Cow-* Jing-Caftle. Mortimers , Hants, 5 miles from Heading. AleriLke, Surry, on the Thames, 9 miles W. of Loudon. Mortlich , a v!!age of Banffshire, in Scotland, G miles SW. of Keith. Morton , Eflex, N. of Shelly, M or tor^ cum Eastwood- Park, Gioucef. in Thornbury pariih. Morion, Nott. in Filkerton parifli. Morton , YY orcef. SYYK of Alcefter. Morton, Chefhire, near the ferry over the Merfey into Lancafhire. Morton, Derby f. N. of Alfreton. Afar ton, Dorfetf. SE. of Pud- clleton. Morton, Durham, E. of Raby- Caitie. Morton , Worcef. N. of Loom in- fter. Morton , Line. 1 mileN. of Gainfbo- rough. Morton , Liticolnf. between Fok- ' ingharn and Bourn. Morton , Nott. near IF et ford. Morion, Shropfhire, \V. of the Morda. Morton, Weftm. NE. of Apple- by. Mo; ton, Yorkfliire, W. of Earnard- Caflle. Morton, Y orkffure, NE of Nor di- al lerten. Morton, NE. of York. Mor- ton, Ycrkf. between Bradford and Skip- ton. Morion- Abbot's, Worcefterf. N. of Eve (ham. Morton Bagot, Warw. SYYk of Ullenhale. Morton- Banks, Yorklhire, near Keighley. M orton- Birts, Worcef. near the Malvern Hills. Morton-Under- hiil, Worcefterfhire, in Inkhoropgh parifli. *Mortmi-in -the- Marsh , Gioucef. 4 miles from Stow. Morion- Meriat, Warw. N. of Kinc- X ton. d/( 7 ton, N. and S. Berks, SYV. of Wallingford. Morton Pinkney, Norih- amptonflure, N. of YY eedon. Mortdn- 1 Valence, Glouc. 4 miles from Painfwick. Morton upon- Lag, N. of Hereford. Mbrtdn-74pon-Swaie, Y orkf. SYY r . of Northallerton. A tor Is (on, Devonfliirc, n ea r M ortbay, W . © f ilfraconil ) . Morva , Ccrnw. near Madcrn. j/tt vale, Cornw, betweeq , MOS M O S between the Lees and Lefkard. Morvath, Moscow, one of the moft ancient Cornwall, N. of Penzance. and confpicuous provinces of Ruffia, for- Morviedro, fuppofed to be the an- cient Saguntum, a town and river of Valencia, 13 miles NNE. of the city of Valencia. Morvil, Shropfhire, near Bridgenovth, Morvil-Hill, Yorkfv N. Riding, in Lune Fcreft. Mosambioue, a kingdom of Africa, on the coaft of Zanguebar, fo called from tjie capital of the fame name, fituated on an ifiand, principal of 3 iflands which form a part of the kingdom. This ifiand is not more than 3 miles in length, and half as much in breadth, and is about . 2 , miles from the continent. It was feized by the Portuguefe in 1497, and they have kept pofl'cffion of it ever fince. The town is large, well-built, and rich, with bandfome churches and convents, and a fort or caftle, the flrongeft and belt con- trived the Portuguefe have on this coaft. The foil, on the continent, is fat and fertile, and the country breeds numerous herds of cattle, and fheep with large tails, 'i hey alfo fwarm with ftags, wild boars, other wild beafts, and elephants fo fierce and deftrudtive, that the natives dare not ftir far from their hemes without lighted firebrands in their hands to frighten them away. The country has alfo rich mines of gold. The governor is changed every three years, and the Portuguefe ex- port gold, filver, copper, elephants teeth, ebony, wax, rice, other provisions, Daves, and cattle, in exchange for little bells, knives, feiffars, razors, and other Euro- pean goods. Their (hips always call here in going to the Eaft Indies ; and the harbour is . fo commodious, that whole fleets may anchor here, and refit their vef- fels, as well as provide themfelves with all neceflaries ; and they have a large hof- pital for fick failors. Let. 15. 5. S. Ion. 40. 49. E. Mosambioue, a ftrait, or channel, in the Indian Ocean, lying between the F. coaft of Africa and the ifiand, of Ma- dagascar, and between lat. 11. and 24 deg. S. M'osbach, a bandfome town in the palatinate of the Rhine, lituated on the 1 Neckar, and a town of the tipper Pa- latinate of Bavaria. Mosbarrow, Lancaf. SW. of Wigan. Moseurg, a town of Lower Bavaria, 24 miles NE. of Munich j and a town pf Carinthia. Afoscea, Si. Cornwall, near St. Mawcs , Caftle. Mosc/Ovy See Russia. merly a duchy, but now one of the 41 governments of that vaft empire. Its ca- pital is of the fame name. Moscow, a large city of the Ruffian empire, capital of the government of Mofcow, and formerly of the whole em- pire. It may be confidered as a town built upon the Afiatic model, but gra- dually becoming more and more Euro- pean j exhibiting, in its prefent ftate, a motley mixture of difeordant architec- ture. It is diftributed into the following divifions. 1. Kremlin, which is the cen- tral and higheft part of the city, fur- rounded by high walls of ftone and brick, 2 miles in circumference. This divifion i-s not deformed by wooden honfes. It contains the ancient palace of the ’ czars, feveral churches, 2 convents the patriarchal palace, and the arfenal, now in ruins. 2. The Ehitaigprod, or the Chinefe town, which is much larger than the Kremlin : it contains the uni- verfity, the printing-houfe, and many other public buildings, with all the tradef- men’s fhops. The houfes are moftiy ftuccoed, or white- waffled ; and it lias the only ftreet in Mofcow in which the houfes ftand clofe to each other, without any interval between them. 3. The Biei- gorod, or White Town, which runs round the two preceding divifions : it takes its name from a white wall, by which it was formerly furrounded. 4. Semlainogorod, which environs ail the other three quarters ; and, is fo deno- minated from a circular rampart of earth by which it is en com palled. The two laft- mentioned divifions exhibit a gro- tefque group of churches, conwnts, pa- laces, brick and wooden houfes, and mean hovels. 5. The Sloboda, or fub- urbs, which form a vaft exterior circle round all the parts already ckicribed, and are inverted by a low rampart and ditch* Thefe fuburhs contain, betides buildings of all kinds, corn-fields, much open paf- ture, and fome final] lakes, which give rife to the Neglina. The Mofkva, from which the city takes its name, flows through it in a winding channel ; but, excepting in fpring, is only navigable for rafts. It receives the Yaufa in the Semlainogorod, and the Neglina at the weftern extremity of the Kremlin ; but the beds of both thefe laft-mchticned ri- vulets arc, in fummer, little better than dry channels Mofcow exhibits an afto- nifhing degree of extent and variety, ir- regularity, and coil trait. The Streets, in general. MOS M O S general, are very long; and broad. Some of them are paved ; others, particularly in the fuburbs, are formed with trunks of trees, or are boarded with planks like the floor of a room. Wretched hovels are blended with large palaces ; cottages of one flory Hand next to the moft flately manflons ; many brick ftrudlures are covered with wooden tops : fome of the wooden houfes are painted ; others have iron doors and roofs. Numerous churches appear in every quarter, built in a peculiar flyle of architecture ; l'ome with domes of popper, others of tin, gilt, or painted green, and many roofed with vrood. In a word, fome parts of this vail city have the appearance of a fc- queftcrcd defert ; others, the quarters of a populous tov/n ; fome of a poor village; others of a great capital. Mofcow is certainly the largefl town in Europe ; its circumference, within the rampart that indoles the fuburbs, being 26 miles ; but it is built in fuch a ftraggling manner, that its population correfponds, in no degree, with its extent. It has, how- ever, been pretty well afcertalned : it contains, within the ramparts, 300,000 fouls, it is ib.ll the moft populous city in the empire, notwithstanding the refi- dence of the court is at Peterlburgh. Here jhe chiefi nobles reflde, who do not belong to the court : they here fupport a large rumber of retainers ; gratify their trifle for a ruder and more expenfive mag- nificence in the ancient feudal flyle; and are not, as at Peterlburgh, eclipfed by the fuperior fplendor of the court. The places of public worfhip in Mofcow, in- cluding chapels, amount to above 1000 ; of theie, 484 are public churches, 199 of which are of brick, ftuccoed, or white wafhed ; and the others of wood, painted red. Some of their bells are of a fhi- pendous fixe : they hang in belfreys de- tached from the church, are fixed im- movcably to the beams, and are rung by a rope tied to the clapper. It has always been efteemed here a meritorious act of religion to prefen t a church with bells ; and the piety of the donor has been measured by their magnitude. Accord- ingly, Boris Godunuf, who gave a bell of 2 «>8,000 pe. tine's to the cathedral of Mofcow, was the moft pious fovereign of Buflia, till he was furpafied by the em- prels Anne; who preiented a bell that weighs 432,000 pounds, and is the largefl in the known world. Among the pub- l c infl.tutions in Mofcow, is the Found- ling HofpitaJ, emlowed, in 1764, by Catharine, anti iupported by voluntary contributions ; to encourage which, fhe granted to all benefactors fome valuable privileges, in proportion to the extent of their liberality ; and, it is remarkable, that a private merchant, named Dimidof, has expended on this charity 200,0001. The gardens hereabouts yield the famous tranfparent apple, called by the Ruffians Naliwi, with variety of other fruits. Mofcow is the centre of the inland com- merce of Ruffia, particularly connecting the trade between Europe and Siberia. The navigation to this city is formed folely by the Mofkva, which rifes near Ruza, and falling into the Occa, near Colomna, communicates, by that river, with the Volga. But as the Mofkva is navigable in the fpring only, upon the melting of thefnows, the principal mer- chandife is conveyed upon fledges in win- ter. T his city is 460 miles SE. of Pe- terfourgh, and 1200 N. by E. of Con- ftantinople. Lat. 55. 45. N. Ion. 37. 31. E. Afose , a river that runs through Leicef. Derb- and Staff, and falls into the Trent, near Croxhall. Mase, Eflex, SVV. of Harwich. Mosedule, Cumb. SE.of Ireby. Mosedate, ; Wefhnorland. Moseley , Wor- ceflerfhire, in Bromlgrove parifh. Moselle, a depart, of France, N. of the department of Meurthe, and S. of the duchy of Luxembourg. It takes its name from a river which rifes in the mountains of the Vofges, waters Epinal, receives the Meurthe below Nancy, and palling by Metz, Thion- yille, Treves, &c. falls into the Rhine at Coblentz. Metz i$ the capital of this department. Mosergh, Cumb. near Cockeonouth. Mosgrove, in (fork, Munfrer. Moskloe. See Maelstroom. Mosquito Shore, a country of Mexico, in N. America, lying on the At- lantic Ocean. It is bounded on the N. and E. by the fen, on the S. by Nicara- gua, and on the W. by Honduras. In magnitude it exceeds the kingdom of Portugal ; is well watered by navigable rivers and lakes; abounds in nib, game, and provifions of all forts ; fumifhes every ne effary for railing cattle and flock on plantations of every kind, and to any extent ; and is clothed with woods, pro- ducing timber for every ufe and purpefe at land or fea. The foil is fuperior to that of the Weft India Iflands; the air and climate are more fal impious;- and the deftrudlive ravages of hurricanes and earthquakes have never been known here^ The Spaniards have no fettlenients in M O T the Mofquito countrv, and reckon it a part of Honduras. When they firft in- vaded this part of Mexico, they mafia* cred moft of the natives, which gave thofe that efcaped into the inacceflible part of the country, an infuperable aver- sion to them : and they have always ap- peared ready to join Europeans that came upon their coafts, and particularly the Englilh, who frequently came hither againlt the Spaniards. The Mofouito- men being excellent markfm.en, the Eng- lifh long employed them in ftriking the maratee filh, &c. and many of the Mof- quito Indians went to Jamaica, and failed with the Englifh in their voyages. They are fo fituated between morales and in- acceflible mountains, and a coaft full of rocks and fh.oals, that no attempts agai nft them by the Spaniards, whom they mor- tally hate, could ever fucceed. The con- nexion between the Englilh and the Mofquitos no longer exifts. By a con- vention with Spain, in 1786, the former, in confidcration of certain ceflions on the coafl of Honduras, agreed to eva- cuate this country totally j and it is now a province of Spain. See Honduras. Most ag am, a town of Algiers, with a good harbour, 50 miles ENE. of Oran. Mostar, afea-port town of Turkilh Dalmatia, fituated on the Narent. Moss dale, Cumb. in Caldbeck parifii, near Hefket. Mosside, in Antrim, Ulller. Moslem , Dorfetf. NW. of Beminfter. Moston , N. of Chelter. Moston , Chelh. near Sandbach. Moston, Shroplhire, E. of Wem. Mosul. SeeMousuL. Motala, a town of E. Gothland, 21 miles NW. of Linkioping. The river Motala runs from the Wetter Lake, into the Baltic, about 22 miles E. of Nord- kioping. Mtlcomb , Dorfetlhire, near Shaftfbury. JM te, Cumberl. near Longtown. Mote , Kent, 1 mile from Maidftone. Motesford, Hants, near Winchefter. Mothccomb , Dcvonfnire, near Plymouth. Motherby , Cumberland, in Grayfrock parilh. Mo- thers all, Staffordfh. NE. of Stone.' Mo thill, in Waterford, M uniter. Mothingham , Kent, 2 miles frdm El- ham. Motley, Cheshire, near Hollinworth, Motola, a town of Otranto, Naples \ and a town of Congo, in Africa. Motril, a town of Granada, with a good harbour, and a rich fifliery, 4 miles E. of Malaga. ( Mqtte, La, a town in the rcfpeCtivc departments of Saone and Loire, Lower M o u Alps, Drome, Vendee, Vofgcs, Gironde, and Upper Loire. Motteston, file of Wight, in W. Me- dina. Mottram- Andrew, Olefin re, 3 miles from Macclesfield. Mottram-in- Longendale, Chefliire, NE. of Stopford. ■ Motyr, one of the Molucca lllands- Moudon, a town and bailiwick of Swilicrland, in the Pays de Vaud. The bailiff’ appointed by the canton of Bern refidcs in the caftle of Lucens, built on the fummit of a mountain, in a fituation exceedingly pidlurefque. Moudon. is 12 miles N. by E. of Laufanne. Mould. See Mold. Mqule, a river in Devonf. running into the Towridge, near Briftol Channel. It is noted for its foftnefs and excellence in whitening wool. Moulgrave-Casile, Yorkf. 2 miles frqm Whitby. Moulkam , Dorfetf. in Swanwich parilh. Moulin, a town in the department of the Mofelle, 3 miles SW. of Metz. Moulins, a town in the depart, of Allier, which takes its name from the great number of mills ( moulins ) that were formerly in its neighbourhood. Jt contains between 16,000 and 17,000 in- habitants. The houfes of the late Char- treux, and of the Vifitation arc magni- ficent, and the flreets are broad and clean. The cutlery of Moulins is more efleemed than that of Chattelleraut. Near it is a medicinal fpring. It is feated on the river Allier, over which it has a bridge, in the modern fiile, of id arches, 30 miles S. of Nevers, Moulins Engileert, a finall town in the dept, of Nievre, at the foot of the mountains of Morvan, 7 miles SW. of Chateau-Chinon. Moulsey , E. and IV. Surry, near Klng- fion, on oppofite fidcs of* the river Me e. Moulso, Bucks, near Newport. Moul- sham, Eifex, a mile from Chelmsford. Moids'i; am, Efiex, S. of Colchefter. Mo u l t a n, a province of fi n : cl n o ft: n Proper, bounded on the N. by 5 .ahore, on the E. by Delhi and Agimere, on toe S. by Cuzerat, and on the W. by Pcrfia andCandahar. Its pro duels are cotton, wine, fugar, opium, galls, brio, lone. See. It is, or has been fubjeef to the feiks ; but its capital, Moul tan. Has been garrifoned by the king of Candahar, ever fince 1779. Moultan, one of the moft ancient cities in Ilindooftan, capital of the pro- vince of the fame name. Thevcno: . 5. F. Avion, Tally Stafford fhirc, S. of Wolver- hampton. Mousc/ioley Cornwall, on the W. ndc of Mountfbay 3 here is a harbour for fifhing- boats. Mouselyi Leicefterfh. K Vv . o f Marborca gh. Mousul, or Mosul, a town of Turkey, in Ada, in Diar c, ieated on the W. bank of the river Tigris, it is a large place, fur re ended by high walls, and" defended by a itrong cattle 3 but the lioufes arc ill-built, and in feveral places gone to ruins. It is a place of great trade} particularly in cloth, and all iorts of cottons and Aiks. The inhabitants are a mixture of Arabians, Perfian Forks, Curds, Maronitc and Armenian Chrif- tians. Iicre are confideiable man u Ac-, fn res of cotton. Merchandife from Indiais brought hither by the way of Battora, and European goods by the way of Aleppo. At Elkafh, near this town, the Neftorian patriarch of Syria refides. ft is 130 miles SE. of Diarbekir, and 190 NW. of Bagdad. Lat. 35. 40. N. Ion. 41. 15. E. Moustiers, a town in the dept, of the Lower Alps, noted for a manufacture of fine porcelain. It is 5 miles NE, of Riez. Moutier, or' Monstier, anciently Forum Claudii, and, in the fucceeding ages, Mqnastertum Centronum, a town of the Tarentine,in the dept.ofMont Blanc, ieated on the river ifere, at its confluence with the Doiron, 27 miles ESE. of Chamberry. They procure ex- cellent fait from the mountains and a lpring in t the neighbourhood. It is dif- ficult of accefs, by reafon of defiles oa the ficles of torrents and precipices. Mouzon, a town in the department of the Ardennes, with a manufacture of ferges. It is feated on the river Meufe, 8 miles SE. of Sedan, and 120 NNE. of Paris. Mourne , a river of Donegal, which iffiies from a lake of the fame name in that county, and runs into the Foyle at Lifford. Mowasiy Cornwall, near St. Auftel. Mowbricky Lancashire, near Kirknam in Amoundernefs. Mowcap, Northumberl. near Kirkhaugh and Alfton Moor. Mo wee, one of the Sandwich Blands, about 140 miles in circumference. A low ifthmus divides it into two circular peninfulas, of which the eqftern is double the fize of the weflern. The mountains in both rife to a great height, and may be feen at the diftance of more than 30 leagues. The northern fhore;, like thofe of Owyhee, afford no foundings, and the country prefents the lanfe appearance of verdure and fertility. Nea^the W. point of tue fmaller peninfula is a fpacious bay, with a fandy beach Shaded with cscoa-nut trees. The country behind has a roman- tic appearance, the hills riling almoft per- pendimalarly in a ' great variety of peaked forms 3 and their fleep fides, ancl the deep chal’ms between them, arc covered with trees. The inhabitants are colnputcd at 05,000. Lat. 20. 53. N. Ion. 157. 56. W. Ivl oar-uell, North umb. between Woller and Sunderland. Aloxally Warwickfh. in Wifh :W parifh. >Mcxby, Yorkf. near Stillington. Moxon, Ifle of, Wight, in W, Medina, Mor M U G Moy, a town of Invernesfhirei, Moy, in Tyrone, Ulfter. May, a river Connaught, feparating the counties of Mayo and Sligo, and falling into the Atlantic below the port ofKillala. Moy- alien , in Down, Ulfter. The linen ma- nufacture is carried on here. It is 3 miles from Portadown, and 63 from Dublin. MoYENVic,a town in the department of Meurthe, 3. miles E. of Vic. It is remarkable foritsfalt-i'prings,from whence water is conveyed by fubterraneous channels to Dicuzc. Moyenville, a town in the depart, of the Somme. Moyle, a river of Tyrone, in Ulfter, which joins the Mourne, 5 miles S. of Strahane. Moyle s Court, Hants, near Rtngwood. Moynalty , in Meath, Leiniler. Moyne , in Mayo, Connaught. Moynes Court, Monmouthfhire, near Cacrleon. Moynes in Hemps led. Ell ex, between Rad win ter and Steeple Buinfted. Moyvore, in Weft Meath, Lciniter. Muaker, Yorkf. in Swaledale. 'Mu- chelney Isle, Somerfedh. S. of Langport. It is a river iftand, formed by the Ivel and another river. Mucid an, afmall town in the depart, of Dordogne, feated on the river Ule, 18 miles SW. of Pcrigueux. Muckenjield , Devonfhire, near North Tawton. Mucking, Eifex, N. of Til- bury. Mucking- Hall, Efi'ex, between Sutton and the Wakerings. M lickings, Middl. E. of Tottenham. Mueklejord , Dcrfetfhire, near Brampton. Muckle- ston. Staff. ncarBlore-Heath. MucklezHck, Shropf. NE. of Rifhop’s-Caftle. Muck- ley, Shroplhire, between Wem and Wel- lington. Mucruss- Lake, near the Lake of kil- Jarney. Mudford, Somerfetfhire, between 11- chefter and Sberborn. Mudghill, Wilts, between Bradon-Foreft and Wotton-Baf- fet. Mudgian, Cornwall, near Hclford- I Liven, Mueraw, a town of Stiria, fituated on the Muehr. Muehr, a great river of Germany, which has its fource in the archbilhopric of Saltzhurg, crofl'es Stiria, paftbs by ju- denbutgh and Gratz, and falls into the river Crave, about 6 miles S. of Kanilha, in Hungary. Muff, in Cavan. Muff, in Derry, and Muff, in Donegal, Ulfter. Muggi a, or Mug Li A, a town of Iftria, {jjiuated on a gulf of the fame name. m u L Mugginion, NW. of Derby. Mug- glesroick, Durham, NW. of Lancbefter. Muirkirk, a town of Ayrftmxyfeated on the river Ayr, with a confiderahle iron work. Mulahish , and Mulahuff, or A fid la- huff, in Kerry, Munfter. Mulbach, a river of Upper Saxony, which runs into the Elbe ; alio a river of Swa- bia, which runs into the Neckar. Mulbertoh, Norfolk, between Havlef- ton and Norwich. M ideate- Abbey, War- wickfhire, between Atherfton and War- wick. Mulberg, or Mui-ilberc, a town of Meiften, Upper Saxony j a town of Erfurt, Lower Rhine j and a town of Ba- den, in Swabia. Mulda Freyburg, and Mulda Weisse, two rivers of Upper Saxony ; the former joins the Muldau, 2 miles N. of Colditz, and the latter pafies by Col- ditz, and runs into the Elbe near the Delia u. Muldaw, a river of Germany, which rifes in the mountains between Bohemia and Bavaria, and running by Budweis and Prague, falls into the Elbe a little above Melmick. Muldorf, a town of Saltzburg, Ba- varia, fituated on the Inn. Mulhausen, an imperial city of Thuringia, Upper Saxony, feated in a fertile country, on the river Unftrutht, lb miles NE. v of Eifenach, and 45. E. by S. of Caftel. Mulhausen, a town of Alface, which, though fituated at the diftance of feme miles from the frontiers of Swifterland, and inhibited by the French dept, of the Upper Rhine, is not only in alliance with the Helvetic confederacy, but is confi- dcrod and rcfppCted as a part of it, and entitled to all the privileges enjoyed by that body. The walls of the town in- clofe a circumference of not more than two miles, and its whole territory is con- fined within a precinct of eight miles. This little republic maintained its privi- leges, which had been granted by the emperors in the feudal times, by contract- ing alliances, at different periods, with Bafil, Strafburg, the towns of Allace and Suabia, Bern, Friburg, and Soleure. In 1515, it was received into the Helvetic confederacy j which league has preferved its liberty and independence from the encroachments of the empire, on the one hand, and, on the other, from the at- tacks of France. The town contains about 6000 inhabitants, who are Pro- tects ; and there are 2000 people in its adjacent MUL adjacent villages. It owes its prefcnt louriftiing ftate,to its manufactures, which ire chiefly of printed linens and cottons. Fhe government is arifto-democratical. rhe fupreme power refides in the great md little council, confiding together of 78 perfons, and drawn- from the burghers, ivhofe number amounts to 700, diftri- buted into 6 tribes. Mulhaufen is 15 miles NW.' of Bafle. Mu l heim, two towns of Berg, Well- phalia; one on the Ruhr, and the other Dn the E. fide of the Rhine, 3 miles N. of Cologne. Mull of Cantyre. See Can- tyre. Mull of Galloway, a rocky promontory, the raofl foutherly point of Scotland, in the county of Wigton. Mull, one of the Weftern Iflands of Scotland, about 22 miles in length, and, in fome places, of the fame breadth, but towards the N. not more than 8 miles. There are many good natural harbours; but there is only one village,- called Tobermorey, near the northern point, where a fiftiing Ration has been lately eredled. The foil is unfavourable for corn, being, for the moll part, rocky and barren. The mountains, howevpr, abound withfprings, and are covered with cattle, of which a great number are an- nually exported. Thefe, with filh, and a confiderable quantity of kelp, are the only articles of commerce. Mullagheame, a mountain in Tyrone, Ulfler, 12 miles SSE. of Strabane. Mulle , a river in Montgomeryfhire, which runs into the Severn at Caftle Dolevern. Mul/eghrew, in Louth, Leinfler. , Mulleras, or Muhlrose, a town in the Middle Marche, Brandenburg. Mullian , Cornw. on the coall, between HelRon and Lizard- Point. Mullinabone , in Tipperary, Munfler. Mullinabow, and Mullinavat, in Kilken- ny, Leinfler. *Mullingar, the county-town of Weft Meath, in Leinfler. it holds a great wool- mart, is a place of good trade, and is feated on the river Foyle, 38 miles N. by W. of Dublin. Mvllits, or Mullets, a duller of iflands on the NW. po : nt of the county of Mayo, in Connaught ; the largeft of them, rather a peniniula, is about 9 miles long and 2 wide. Mullogh , in Tipperary, Munflejr. Mu- loghanee- Bridge, in Armagh, Lifter. Mul/iemese, Stafford Cure, N. of Ec- cidhal. M U N Mullifarnham , in W. Meath, Leinfler, Mulphedder , in Meath, Leinfler. Mulroy Bay , on the N. coaft of Do- negal, in Ulfter. Mulynlon , Chelhire, NW. of Knottcs- ford. Mumby , or Numby Chapel , Line. NE. of Spillby. Munch , Northumb. near Whitfield. Munch- Rise , North- umberland, S. of Ellefdon. Munchton , Durham, between Neweaftle and Shields. Munch-lVear month, Durham, oppofite to Sunderland, on the N. fide of the Wear. Munh-Weston, Shroplhire, S. of Wenlcck. Munda, orMoNDA, an ancient town of Granada, near which Julius Caefar gained a long-difputed vidlory over the fons of Pompey. Munderkingen, an Auftrian town of Suabia, feated on the Danube. Mundesley , Norfolk, on the fhore, E. of Gimmingham and Grelham. Mund- field , Sufiex, SE. of Echingham. Mund- Jo;d, Kent, SE. of Alhford. Murid- ham, Norfolk, nearLoddon. Mimdham , N. and S. Suffex, SE. of Chichefter. Mundon, Efiex, near Steple, on the S. fide of Gfith Ifland. Mundon- Fur nival, or Great Mundon, Herts, SW. of Puclc- eridge. Mundon- Fr e-well, or Liille Mun- don, Elerts, N. of Sacomb. Mundu, an ancient city ofMalwa, in Hindooftan, of which it was the capital, about 200 years ago. It was then de~ feribed as a city, 22 miles in circuit, and containing many monuments of ancient- magnificence ; but when vifiteu by Sir Thomas Roe, in 1615, it had fallen much to decay. It occupies the top of a large and lofty mountain, and few cities were. ever placed in a bolder lituation. It is 32 miles SW. of Indore, and 90 N. ofBur- hampoor. Lat. 22. 50. N. Ion. 75. 47. E. Munkacs. See Montgatz. Muni a, or Menie, a confiderable town of Egypt, feated on the river Nil?*. 140 miles S. of Cairo. The veflels that go down the Nile are obliged to flop here and pay certain duties. Lat. 27. 45. N. M unich, one of the moil pleafant and handfome cities in Germany, capital of the duchy ofBavaria,and containingabout 40,000 inhabitants. The houfes are high, and the flreets large and fpacious, with canals in many of them. The palace of the late electors of Bavaria, which now belongs to the eledlor-palatine of the Rhine, as Duke of Bavaria, is a ftupen- dous ftruclure, magnificently adorned. The cabinet of curiofities, in which are ,200 marble flatues and bufts of Roman eipperors, and fome other antiques, molily brought M U N brought from Italy, the mufeum, the li- brary, and the ducal gardens, attradt the attention of travellers. The cathedral contains 25 chapels, and 30 altars ; but the two l'teeplcs, and the tomb of one of the emperors, of black marble, adorned with ftatues of bronze, are the molt re- markable things belonging to it. There are many other fine buildings, both eccle- fiaftical and civil, in this city, and the ftreets are ftraiglit and broad. Tlie market-place is very beautiful ; and here are manufactures of filk, velvet, woollen- clpth, and lapeftry. It is feated on the river ?fer, 15 miles SK. of Augfburg, and 62 SSW. of Ratifbon. Let. 48S. 10. N. Ion. 1 l. 30* E. Munithes/ie , Shropfh. N. of Knighton. Man /(force?, C um beri and, in Bootle parilh. JiJiirino&y or Mi/now , a river in Mon- mouthihire, running into the Wye at Monmouth. Mu nr 2 / ,a river of Mayo, in Connaught, which runs into TiiUaghan bay. M u n si ng E N, a town of W urtemburg. Mmislcy , Herefordf. NW. of Ledbury. Munsloxi ’, Shropf. W. of Brown-Clco- Hill. Munster, a fovereign bilhopric in Weftphalia', 120 miles in length and 80 in breadth. The country is level and fruitful, and has fine woods, turf, &c. The principal rivers are the Ems, the Lippe, the Vecht, and the Berkel. It lies E. of the Dutch States, and the county of Bentheim, and S’, of E. Friefiand and Oldenburg. The capital is of the fame name. Munster, a large, rich, and populous city in Weftphalia, capital of the bifhop- ric of the fame name. The cathedral is a ftatcly fabric, and the houfes, in general, are of freefione and well built. The treaty of Weftphalia was concluded here in 1648. It is feated on the river Aa, not far from the Ems, 65 miles NNE. ol Co- logne, and 77 S. by W. of Bremen. Lat. 51. 49. N. Ion. 7. 49. E. Munster, a town in the dept, of Upper 'Rhine, 9 miles WSW. of Colmar*. Munster, a town of Lucerne in Switzerland, and a town and valley of the Grifons ; a town in the Rhin grave, and a town of tfefle, both in the circle of the Upper Rhine ; a town of Liege, and a town of Jailers, both in Weftphalia ; gnd a town of Treves, Lower Rhine. Mu N ste R, one of the four provinces of Ireland ; hounded on the N. and NE. by Leinfter and Connaught, and on all other iides by t|ic ocean, it is about 135 miles in length and 1,2 Q^n breadth. The chief M u R rivers are the Suicr, the Audluffe, the Lee, the Bande, the Leanc, and the Caftion. There are a great many bays and harbours, and many rich towns, and the . air is mild and temperate. Some places are mountainous, but the valleys are em- beilifhed with corn-fields. The moft ge- neral commodities are corn, cattle, wood, wool, and ft fh. It contains the counties of Clare, Tipperary, Waterford, Cork, Limerick, and Kerry. Munsterburg, a town and princi- pality of Silefia, noted for the culture of hops. It is 19 miles SW. of Glatz. Munster-Meinfelt, a town of Treves, 12 miles WSW. of Coblentz. Murano, an iiland and town of Italy, about one mile N. of Venice, formerly a very ftounfhing place, as its great manu- fadfories ferved all Europe with looking- glaffes. Inltead of being caft, as in Eng- land and France, the Murano mirrors arc all blown in the manner of bottles. Murcia, a very mountainous pro- vince, formerly a kingdom of Spain, on the coal! of the Mediterranean, about 1 15 miles in length, and 100 in breadth. Its principal rivers are the Segura, and the Guadalcntin. The foil is dry, bccaule it feldom rains here, and therefore produces'll little corn or wine ; but there is plenty of oranges, citrons, lemons, olives, al- monds, figs, mulberries, rice, pulfe, fugar, filk, and medicinal plants. The air i$ very healthful, and the principal town is of the fame name. Murcia, a large, handfome, and po- pulous city of Spa.n, capital of a province of the fame, name; it w ; as a Roman city, and from its delightful fituation dedicated to Venus Myrtia. It has a fuperb cathedral, the Hairs of whofe ftceple arefo pontrived, that a man may ride up to the top either on horfeback or in a coach. The inns here, like thofe in moft of the great roads, Sec. of Spain, afford hut wretched lodg- ings and accommodations, being gene- rally kept by Gitans, or Gypfies. It is feated on a plain, which abounds in fine gardens about the city, on the river Se- gura, 96 miles SSW . of Valencia, and 2 12 SE. of Madrid. Mur cot, Glouccf. in Wickham parilh. Mu ret, a town in the dept, of Upper Garonne, 10 miles S. of Touloufe. Muriot-End , Northamptonlhire,NE. of Davcntry. Muro, a town of Otran to ; and a town of Batilicata ; both in Naples. Mu rr ay- Frith, a cxmfiderable bay or inlet of -the fca, on the E. craft of Scotland, between Tarbetnefs, in Beil- in ire. M Y C MTS fhire, cn the N. and Brough-Head, in Murrayfhire, on the S. Murrayshire, or Elginshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the Frith of Murray, on the E. by "Banffshire, on the S. by a point ofAber- decnfhire, and by l.nvernefsfhire, and on the XV. by that county and Nairnefhire. It extends from SW. to NE. about 60 miles, and along the coafl about 20. Some parts of it are hilly ; but its foil, for the greateft part, is rich, and produces wheat, barley, oats, and flax. The principal ri- vers are the Spey, Findhorn, Lofhe, and Nairne, all which abound in falmon. The county-town is Elgin. Murrhart, a town of Wirtemburg, "Suabia, fituated on the Muhr, a river of Suabia, which runs into the Neckar. Mur shy, Bucks, near \\ inflow. Mur- ston, Kent, l mile E. of Milton. Marion, Cumberl. in Lamplugh parifh. Murton , Wefhnorland, near Appleby. Mitsberry, Devonf. near Upper Ottcry. flluskham, JV. and S. Nott. near Newark. Muscovy. See Russia. Musdcn-Grange , Staff, near Crockden. Musgrave, Great and Little , Weftmorl. MW. of Kirby- Steven. Musgry , and Mus/cerry, in Cork, Mu niter. Musseleurgh, a fea-port of Edin- burghfhire, feated on the Frith of Forth, at the mouth of the river Elk. It is 6 miles E. of Edinburgh. Mu SSL 10 G A N NIM, 01 MoSTAGRAN, a fea-port of Algiers, 36 miles NE. of Oran. Must on, Lciceflerf. SE. of Normanton. Muston, Dorfetf. NE. of Bere. Must on, ^ orkf. near the coaft and Ilunanby, Muswell-Hill, a village of Middlefex, NE. of Highgate, and 5 miles from London. Mutjord, Suffolk, between Bee- cles and Keffingland. M uthel - Church, in W aterford, M under. Mu THILL, a town of Perthfhire, 2 miles S. of Crieff. Muthvey, a river in Carmarthen fhire, which runs into the Towy, below Llan- gaddock. Muthwey, a river in Mcrio-, nethfhire, w r hich runs into the Avon at Kemmer abbey, and another in Cardigan- shire, which runs into the Tivy, below lllradmyrk. Muxacra, or Mujaxar, a fea-port of Granada. Lat. 37. 6. N. Muyden, a town of N. Holland, noted for making of fait. It is fituated on the river Vecht, near the Zuydcr Zee, G {>iiles E. of Amfterdam. Myc£-ne, foijaerly the capita], of a fa» mous kingdom in the Morea, but nevr reduced to a fmall village. Myconi, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, about .21 miles in circumference. The harbour is very open, and deep enough for the large!! fhips, where they may ridefecure from the N. wind. There are about 500 feafaring men in the ifland, who belong to about 150 veffels, and are accounted pretty good failors. The foil is dry, and mountainous, but the moun- tains are of no great height. Water is very fcarce in fummer but in the town there is a large well, which is the only one in the ifland. The ifland produces little wheat, but plenty of partridges, quails, woodcocks, turtle-dove^, rabbits^ and beccaficos } befide which there are excellent grapes and figs. The inhabit- ants, who are about 3000, are almoft all Greeks, governed by a Cadi, have fifty churches, chapels, or monafteries. Two or three European nations have confuls here, and yet very few fhips frequent it. Lat. 37. 28. N. Ion. 25. 51. E. Mydloe, Huntindonfhire, near Hai!- wefton. Myles , Effex, near Kelvedon. Mylston, Shropfh. near Clebury. Myn- chinoharrow, Somerfetfhire, near Bath. My shall, in Carlow, Lei niter. Mysore, a fortified town of Hin. dooftan, anciently the capital of the kingdom fo called. It is fituated about 10 miles S. from the river Cauvery, and as many S. of Seringapatam. Mysore, a kingdom in the peninfula of Flindooftan, fubjedt to Tippoo Sultan, who ftyles himfelf regent of the coun- try. It includes generally, befide the Myfore Proper, the countries of Bed- norc, Coimbettore, Canara, and DindiguR befide the conquelts of his late father, Hyder Ally, (who ufurped the throne) to the northward j namely, Meritz, Soon- da, Chitteldroog, Harponelly, San ore, Bancapour, Roydroog, Gooty, Conda- nore, Canoul, and Cuddapah. The ex- tent of Tippoo’s territory, from N. tQ S. is near 500 miles ; its breadth, in the widefi place (the N. part of the pe- rwnfula) 330 miles, but proceeding to the S. it diminifhes, tilt it ends in a point. By the peace of 1782, Hyder Ally was to relinquifh ail but his an- cient polVeffions. flow far his fuccellor fulfilled the terms of that treaty, cannot eafily be afeertained ; but, on the ter- mination of the late war, that prince agreed, befides paying a large funi of money, to cede one half of his domi- nions to the Englifh Eaft- India. Com- pany, and their allies > the Mahrattas, ami k k \\ M Y S M Y S the nizant of the Deccan. The country in genera], is dry, rugged, mountainous, andbarsen; infomuch, thatfuflenance for men and animals cannot be raifed upon it, but by the moil perfevering induftry in its inhabitants. See Seringafatam. Myssise, Yorkfhire, NW. of Bippon., Mijt'he , Gloucefterfliire, in Tewkcfbury parifli. My ton , Yorkf. between Bo- roughbridgeand Tenmile-Hill, where the Swale leaps into the Ure, as it were, from a precipice. NAG N A M * VrAAS, the county- town, and al- -*-^ 1 tcrnately with A thy, the aflize- town of Kildare, in Leinfter. It was formerly the refidence of the king of Leinfler, and is fituated on the great poll road between Dublin and Mu-niter, near the Grand Canal, IP miles SW. of the metropolis. Naborn , Y orkfhire, in the E. Riding, E. of the Oufe, and S. of the city of York. Naburg, a town of Bavaria, in the Upper Palatinate, fituated on the Nab, a river which rifes in Franconia, and runs into the Danube, 4 miles W. of lia- tifbon. Ncby, Yorkshire, near Barnard -Cafrle. Nocking ion, a mile and a half SE. of Can- terbury. Nacton , Suffolk, near I pfwich. N adder, a river which rifes in Dorfetlh. and joins the Willy, at Wilton, in YV iltfhire. Nadrid f in Cork, Munfter. Naehden, or Naarden, a town of N. Holland, capital of a country called Goyland, which includes Naerden, Muy- den, and Wefep, with 16 other villages. It is feated on the Zuyder Zee, 14 miles N. of Utrecht, and 11 SSE. of Am- Herdam- Naefels, a town of Glaris, in Swif- ferland. NaJf'ertOn , Y'orkf. SW. of Kilham. NqJJord, Worcel. near Eckington. Nagibania, a town of Hungary, feated on the river Zarud, 30 miles NE. of Zatmar. Near it there are gold and jfilver mines of great produce. Nagle Mountains , in the S. of Cork, Munfter. Nag old, a town and river, in Wir- temburg, Suabia. Nag pour, the capital of part of Be- rar, in yindcoftan, fubjcdt to Moodajee Boonflah, the chief of the ! aftem Mah- rattas. It is a city of modern date j but, though er.tenfive and popul- us, : s poorly built j and, except' ng a fmall citadel of no Itrength, is open and defepcelete. The country around it is fertile and well cultivated. It is 488 miles W. byS. of Calcutta. Lat- 21.8.N. Ion. 79. 46. E. Nahar-Malek, a town in Irac- Arabia, feated near the Euphrates. Lat. 31. N. Najera, a town of Old Caftile. Nailby , Weftmorl. near Kirby-Steven. N a ilesu or///, G 1 oucefterihire, near Minch- ing- Hampton. Nairne, a fmall fea- port of Nairne- ’ flnre, exporting fifh, corn, and yarn. It is feated at the entrance of the rrith of Murray, 10 miles E. of Invernefs, and 104 N. of Edinburgh. The river Nairne ' feparates the county of Murray from In- vernefs, crofles Nairnelhire, and runs into j the Frith of Murray, near Nairne. Nairne shi re, a populous county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the Frith of Murray, and inclofed on every other fide by the counties of Invernefs and Murray. Its extent from N. to S. is about 12 miles, and its breadth about 10. The foil, though rocky, is fertile,' " and, in general, well cultivated. It contains feveral lakes, which abound in 1 filh, and fome forelfs of firs. Nairne is • the county town. Naksivan, a town of Perfian Arme- 1 nia} capital of a province of. the fame- name, with an archbilhop’s fee, fome con- fide table bazars, caravan feras, public baths, and other buildings. It is fup- poled to have been the ancient Ar-* taxata, and once contained 40,000 houfes. In the laft century, here were 2000 . houfes. It is 90 miles SE. of Erivan. Nailers , Dorfetlh. in Alkerwel parifli* Namphio. SecNANFio. *N a m p t w i c h , a large, w ell- b‘uil ttownr of Chefliire, with very regular frreets, and •manufn6hircs of cotton,; lately eftablilhcd) and of flioes. It is feated on the river W never, near the Chefier canal, which is finifned here with a handfome broad hafon, forming a knd of harbour. Here are falt-fprings, which lie on the banks of a frelh- water ilrca% from which they i make N A N make great quantities of fine white fait. The principal dairies of Chefhireare about this town. It is a great thoroughfare to Ireland, and is 26 miles SE. of Chefter, and 162 NW. of London. A large market on Saturday, for corn, cattle, &c. Namur, a city 'of the Netherlands, faid to take its name from an ancient idol called Nam, fuppofed to be Neptune. It has, or had, a very flrong caftle, built on the oppofite fide of the Sambre, on a fharp rock, and defended by Fort Wil- liam, and many" other confiderable forts, io as Jo be fuppofed almofl impregnable. In ld92, it was befieged by Louis XIV. and the Duke of Luxemburg, with an army of 120,000 men, arid furrendcred in fight of King William’s army, after an obflinate defence. Vauban and Co- horn, the two greateft engineers Europe ever bred, exhaufted the whole fcience of attack and defence in the fiege of this place. Cohorn was dangeroufly wounded in the defence of Fort Coiiorn. Namur was, however, retaken by King William, in 1695, after many defperate, bloody, and dreadful attacks. The trenches were opened on July 11, and the citadel fur- rendered on the firft day of September. The garr ifon, confiding of 16,000 men, was commanded by Marfbal Boiitilers. It is feated at the confluence of the Maefe and Sambre, 25 miles SW. of Liege. Lat. 50, 29. N. Ion. 4 50. E. Namur, acountyof the Netherlands, one of the ten catholic provinces, lying between the rivers Sambre and Maefe. It is pretty fertile , has feveral fordts, piarble quarries, and mines of iron, lead, and coal, and is about 30 miles in length and 20 in breadth. Namur is the capital. Nanci, a large and handfome citv, alternately capital with Luneyille, of the department of Meurthe. it contains about 34,000 inhabitants, and is divided into the 01*1 and New Fown, which are feparated by a canal. The firft, though irregularly built, is rich and populous ? and coruaips the palace of the ancient dykes of Lorrain. The New Town, whofe ftreets are as ftraight as a line, was already one of the fineft in Europe, be- fore the magnificent works with which Stanillaus i. titular king of Poland, and duke of Lorrain, enriched it. Before the revolution, it had an u^iivcrfity, an academy of fciences, and a medical col- lege. it is 10 miles E. of Topi, and 20 S. of Metz. Lat. 48. 41. N. Ion. 6. 1 f. E. Naneby, Lcicefterf. NE. of Bofwprth. N A N Natibhy, S. of Lincoln. Nane worth* Weftmorl. near Penrith. Nanfio, an ifland of the Archipelago, a little to theN. of the Ifland of Santo- rino, about 16 miles in circumference/ It has no harbour j the mountains arc no- thing but bare rocks, and there are not fprings fufficient to water the fields. 'Pile inhabitants are all Greeks, whofe trade, confifts in onions, wax, and honey. There are vaft numbers of partridges, whole eggs they endeavour to deftroy every year, to preferve the corn, yet there are ftill great numbers of them. The ruins of the temple of Apollo are yet to befeen, and confift chiefly of marble columns. Lat. 36. 27. N. Ion. 26. 10. E. >Nangasaki, a town of Japan, fitu- ated on the W. coaft of the Ifland of Xirno, with a well-frequented harbour. It is the only port of Japan open to fo* reigners. The _ inhabitants carry on a great trade with the Chinefe and Dutch, The latter are never fullered to come into the city, unlefs when their fhips ar- rive, and then they deliver up their guns, helms, and fails, as pledges of their good behaviour. Lat, 32. 32. N. Ion, 130. 52. E, Nanking, orKiANGNiN,acity of Chi- na, capital of the province of Kiangnan, and formerly the imperial city. It is the largeft in China, being 17 miles in cir- cumference, and about 3 miles diftant from the great river Yang tife-Chiang, from which canals are cut, fo large, that vefiefs may enter the town. This place is greatly fallen from its ancient fplendor; for it had a magnificent palace, not a vef- tige of which is now to be feen, as well as temples, tombs of the emperors, and other ancient monuments. A third part of the city is defolate, but the reft is extremely populous, well inhabited, and full of bufinefs. The ftreets are narrow, but handfome and well paved, and on each fide arc {hops, neatly furnifhed. The public buildings are mean, except a few temples, the city gates, and the famous tower of porcelain, 200 feet high, and divided into 9 ftories, by projections, See. covered with green varnifhed tiles. They have feveral manufactures in filk and wool. The number of the inhabitants is faid to be i, 000, 000, without compre- hending the garr: ion of 40,000 men. Here the phyficians have their principal academy. It is feated near the river Yautfekiang, 500 miles SSE. of Peking. Lat. 32. 4. 'ion. 119. 25. E. Nans , Cornwall, W. of Redruth. Nantes, an ancient and pretty large city in thedept. of Lower Loire It is one K k 3 , NAP NAP ©f the molt confiderable places m the kingdom, and contains the richeft mer- chantS. The bridges over the river Loire, jn which are fome iflands, are almoft a league in length. The fuburbs are fo large, that they exceed the city. The in- habitants are computed at 80,000. Before the revolution, here was an univerfity, a fociety of agriculture and arts, and a fchool of anatomy and furgery ; the merchants, aifo, had commonly, on their own ac- count, more than 120 fhips for Guinea, the French Weft India iflands, Spain, and the Spanifb colonies ; indeed this port, in refpe£I of theflave trade, might, before that time, be confidered as the Liverpool' of France. Veflels were fitted out here for the cod-fifhery in N. America; and, Nantes had a confiderable fhare in the commerce with the United States. A great quantity of fait is made in the territory of Nantes ; both at the Bay of Bourgneuf, and in the falt-marfhes of Guerande and Croific. Large veflcls can come no higher than Paimboeuf, which is fome miles be- low Nantes. It is 37 miles SW . of An- gers, and 217 SW. of Paris. Lat 47. 13. N. Ion. 1. 28. W. Nantchang, acity of China, of the fivft rank, capital of the province of Kiangii. It is 695 miles S, of Peking. Nanteuane, in Limerick, Munftcr. Nantg issel- Cove y Cornw. at the Land s End. Nantgliriy Denbighlh. N. W ales. NaNTUa, a town in the dept, of Ain, fituated at the extremity of a great lake of the fame name, 18 miles SSE. of Bourg. Nantucket, an ifland of N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of Maflachufetts, of which it is a county, containing about 23,000 acres. It lies to the S. of Cape Cod, and had once the moft confiderable whale fifhery on the coaft ; but it was almoft ruined by the American war. It has be- gun, however, to revive lately ; the greateft part of the inhabitants being whalers and fifhermen. As the ifland is low, fandy, and unprodu6tive, it is calcu- lated for fuch people only as are willing to depend almoft entirely on the watery clement for fubfiftence. It has one town, called Sherburne. The inhabitants are moftly quakers. Lat. 41, 0. N. Ion. 70. O. W. Nanyang, a city of China, in thepro- vince of Honan, of the firlt rank. It is 462 miles SSW . of Peking. Nanyong, a city of China, of the firft Tank, in the province of Quantong. It is ft02 miles S. of Peking. Nantwich. See N amptwich. ^sap.avl, a province of llindooftan, between the NW. part of Bengal and the mountainous ridge of Himmaleh, N. of Moeampour ; it is fubje6t to Thibet, Catmandu is the capital. Naples, an ancient, large, rich, and trading city of Lavora, in Italy, one of the fin eft in the world, capital of a king- dom of the fame name, with an univerfity. It is feated at the bottom of the Bay of Naples, and is built in the form of a vaft amphitheatre, Hoping, from the hills 1 to the fea. Although theftyle of architedfure is inferior to what prevails at Rome, and it cannot vie with that city in the number or magnificence of the churches, palaces, and public buildings, the private fioufes, in general, are better built, and the ftreets are broader and better paved. No ftreet in Rome equals in beauty the Strada di Toledo at Naples ; nor can any of them be compared with the beautiful ftreets which lie open to the bay, and here the exceflive heat of the fun is often tempered, with the fea-breezes, and with gales waft- ing tho|perfumes of the Campagna Felice. The ltufes, in general, are five or fix : ftoriesm height, and flat at the top ; on winch are placed numbers of flower- vafesl' or fruit-trees, in boxes of earth, produc- ing a very gay and agreeable efie£I. On the mountain, St. Elmo, in a moft plea-/ fant fituation, is a convent of Carthufians, on which much expence has been lavifhed; to render the building, the* apartments, and the gardens, equal to the fituation. Naples is admirably fituated for com- merce, and no kingdom produces the ne- ceflaries and luxuries of life in greater profufion ; and yet trade is but in a languifhing condition. The beft filks 1 come from Lyons, and the beft w'oollen cloths from England. The articles ex- ported are filk and filk fluffs, oil, fulphur, manna, rofemary, anifefeed, refin, tartar, figs, foap, eflcnces, filk waiftcoats, fnuff- boxes of tortoife-fhell, and of the lava of Mount Vefuvius ; tables, and ornamental furniture, of marble. They are thought j to embroider here better than in France ; and- their macaroni is preferred to that oi any made in any part of Italy. They ex- cel alfo in liquors and confetlions ; par- ticularly in one kind of co$fe£iion called Diabolonis, which is fold at a very higl price, and is of a very hot and ftimulat- ing nature. The inhabitants are com- puted to be 350,000, which is very pro bable ; for though Naples is not om third of the fize of London, yet many o the flreets are here more crowded thai the Strand ; and a great proportion o the pooreft fort are obliged to fpeud th : nigh NAP ■night in them, as well as the day, for want of habitations. There ishot a city in the world, perhaps, with the fame number of inhabitants, in which fo few contribute to the wealth of the commu- nity by ufeful and produdlive labour, as Naples ; the number of priefts and monks, of whom there are 10,000; fidlers, lawyers, of whom there are 8000, footmen, and lazzaronies, is immenfe ; and the laft alone are computed at 40,000. The king, it is faid, counts a hundred perfons with the title of prince, and Hill a greater number with that of duke, among his fubjedfs. Six or leven of them haveeftates from 10 to 13,0001. a year ; a confiderable num- ber have poffeffions to about half that amount ; and the annual revenue of many is not above one or twothoufand pounds. The inferior orders of nobility are much poorer ; many counts and marquilfes not having above three or four hundred pounds a year paternal eftate ; many ftill iefs ; and not a few enjoy the title with- out any eftate whatever. Although the churches and convents of Naples $re not to be compared with thofe of Rome in refpecl of magnificent architecture, or for good paintings, they furpafs them in rich jewels, and the quantity of filver and golden crucifixes, veffels, and other ornaments. The cathedral is a grand Gothic edifice, and of all the palaces, that of the king is not only the moft magni- ficent, but in the bell ftyle of architecture. The monafteries and convents of both foxes are computed at 149; befides which there are 34 houfes for poor beys, girls, and women ; 1 1 hofpitals, 5 feminaries for ecclefiaftics ; four capital churches; 32 parilh churches; 70 other churches and chapels ; and about 130 oratories, or chapels of religious fraternities. The harbour, which is lpacious, is protected by a mole ; and the Bay of Naples is one of the fineft in the world, being almoft of a circular figure, about 30 miles in di- ameter, (hut out from the Mediterranean by the Ifland of Caprea, and three parts of it lheltered by a circuit of woods and mountains. Naples is 110 miles SSE. of Rome. Lat 40. 55. N. Ion. 14. 20. E. Naples, a kingdom of Italy, bounded on the NVV. by the pope’s territories ; on the S. and W . by the Mediterranean ; and on the E. by the Adriatic, its greateft length, from NW. to SE. is upwards of 300 miles, and from NE. to SW. from 96 to 100; its breadth is varioufiy eftimated at from 90 to 30. It is divided into 12 provinces ; namely. Terra di Lavora, which was the ancient Campania helix, NA P and of which the city of Naples is th« capital ; Principato Citeriore and Ulte- riore ^hither and farther) ; Molife ; ^Bafi- licata ; Calabria Citeriore and Ulteriore ; Abruzzo Citeriore and Ulteriore ; Ca- pitanata ; Terra di Bari ; and Terra di Otranto ; the laft three forming the an- cient Apulia, (now called Puglio) on the E. fide of the kingdom. The climate is extremely hot in fummer ; but the moft difagreeable part of the climate is the fit roc, or SE. wind, which is very common in fpring, and is ftill more relaxing. In winter there is feldom any ice or fnow except on the mountains. On account of its fertility, the country has been termed a terreftrial paradife : it abounds with all forts of grain, the fineft fruits, and vege- tables of all kinds, with rice, flax, oil, wine, faffron, and manna; poultry, game, and filh are alfo plentiful and cheap. It affords alfo alum, vitriol, fulphur, rock- cryftal, marble, and feveral forts of mine- rals, together with fine wool and filk. Befides thefe produdts, and the manu- factures fpoken of in the account of the city of Naples, waiftcoats, caps, ftockings, and gloves are alfo made of the hair or filaments of a fhcll-fifh, which are warmer than thofe of wool, and of a beautiful glofiy green. The principal mountains are the Apennines, which traverfe it from S. to N. and the celebrated volcano. Mount Vefuvius. One of the greateft inconveniences to which this kingdom is expol'ed is earthquakes, (See Calaeria) which the eruptions of Mount Vefuvius contribute in fome meafure to prevent. The eftablifhed religion is the Romilh ; and the clergy and convents poffeU two thirds of the whole kingdom ; but the Jews are allowed to fettle here. The in- habitants of this country have, at all times, borne but an indifferent charadter among other nations ; gluttony is here a predominant vice, while inftances of ebriety are faid to be comparatively rare. In the female fex the paffion for finery is almoft fuperior to any other ; and chaftity is not accounted the charadteriftic virtue of the country. The breach of the con- jugal vow fometimes occafions quarrels and affaflinations among people of an in- ferior rank ; and, in the metropolis, af- faffinations are often perpetrated from much lefs cogent motives. Thefe vices are attributed to the llavery and opprdfion under which they groan, and to a radi- cal defediin the adminiftration ofjuftice. In 1734, the Spaniards made themfelves mafters of Naples and Sicily, for the Iti- fant Don Carlos, and ill 1736, the cru- ft. k 3 P er01 » NAS peror, by a formal inftrumtnt, ceded both thefe kingdoms to his heirs male and fe- male, and in default thereof, to his younger brothers and lifters. Napoli-di-Mal vasia, a fea-portof Turkey in Europe, in the. Morea ; feated on the promontory cf Malvafta, at the entrance of the Gulf of Napoli-di-Ro- mania. It has a fine harbour, and along wooden bridge, which joins jt to Terra- Firrna, and Was formerly noted for a tem- ple of Efculapius. Napoli-di-Romania, a fea-port of Turkey, in Europe, in the Morea ; feated at the bottom of a bay of the fame name. It has a good and fpacious haibour, with a narrow mouth, through which one fhip only can enter at a time, and defended by a ftrong caftle. It is a large place, inha- bited by Greeks, Turks, and Jews ; and is 56 miles SW- of Setines. Lat. 37. 36. N. Ion. 23. 4. E. Nappay, Yovkf SE. of Settle. Nap- pay, Yorkf. by the Ure, near Afcrig. Napsbury , Herts, near London-Colney. Napton, a town of Warwick!, near I .adbroke. Market on Thurfday. Nara, a town of Niphon, in Japan. Narbarth, a town of Pembrokdh. feated on the funlmit of a hill, 12 miles' N. of Pembroke, and 2.29 W: by N. of London. It had formerly a caftle, the ruins of which are ftill viftble. Market cn Wednesday. Narbonne, an ancient, fortified city in the depart, of Aude. In the time of the Romans, it was the capital of that part of Gauk called Gallia Narbonenfis. Some Roman inferiptions, in different parts of the city, are ftill viftble, and the canal, from the river Aude, through the city, to the Mediterranean, was cut by them. Narbonne is famous for its honey, wheat, much efteemed for feed-corn and olives, and contains about 10,000 inha- bitants. In the cathedral, which is re- markable for its noble choir, is the tomb of Philip the Bold, king of. France. It is fttuated in iilow plain, expoied to in- undations fromfeveral adjoining rivers, 5 miles from the Mediterranean, and 73 E. by S. of Touloufe. Nareorough, a final 1 iflandnear the cqaft of Chili, difeovered by Sir John Nar- borough. It affords wood and water, but is without inhabitants. Eat. 4-5. 12. S. Narborough , Northamptonf. near Eaft Deeping. Narborough, Norfolk, W. of Caftle- Acre. Narborough , 4 miles W. of Leicefter. Nardo, a town of Otranto, Naples. Nare.nta, a town in Venetian DaU NAR matia, fttuated on a river of the fame name, 36 miles NNW. of Ragufa. In the year 987 the Venetians made them- lelves mafters of this town, then poflefied by the Sclavonians, who, under the title of Narentani, had feated themfelvcs here, molefting the navigation of thefe parts. Nar/ord, Norfolk, on the Nar, Ef of Narborough. Narni, a rich and handfome town of Spoleto, in Italy, feated on the river Ne- ra. Here are the ruins of a marble bridge, built by Auguftus, one of whofe arches was !50 feet high and 200 broad, as aifo of an aqueduct that brings water from a fpring at the diftance of 13 miles. It is 16 miles S. of Spoleto, and 38 NNE. of Rome. Narova, or Narva, a river of Ruft fia, noted for two picturefque waterfalls.' It ilfues from the Tchudikoi Lake, and watering Narva, flows into the Gulf of Finland, 8 miles below that town. Narraghmore , in Kildare, Leinfter. Narrpwdale , Staffbrdfh. E. of Leek. Narmjw-tVater , in Down, Lifter, be- ’ low Newry, on the Narrow-Water, or 1 river of Newry. Narsapour, a town in the Circar of Ellore, a town of Golccnda, and a town - of the Myfore country j all in Iiindooftan. i Narsingapatam, a town of Ilta-i dooftan, fttuated in the territory of Cat- 1 tack, near the coaft of the Bay of Ben- gal, 45 miles S. of Cattack. Narva, a town of Ingria, in Ruffia,- in the government of Revel. The houfes are built of brick, ftuccoed white ; and' it has more the appearance of a German.; than of a Ruffian town. In the fuburbs,t called lvangorod, or John’s Town, the- ftupendous remains of an ancient fortrefs,; built by Ivan Vaffilievitch the Great, im- ; pend, in a piriturefque manner, over the fteep banks of the river. The principal exports from it are hemp, flax, timber, and corn. Near it is the celebrated fpot where Charles XU. of Sweden, in his 19th year, gained a complete victory over the Ruffian army in 1700. It is fttuated on the river Narova, 8 miles from its mouth, in the Gulf of Finland, 68 miles SW. of Peterfburgh. Lat. 59. 18. N. Ion. 27. 52. E. Nar w AH, or Narwha, a town of Iiindooftan, in the province of A gra, feated near the river Cally Siuue, which falls below it, into the Chum- bull, a branch of tin. Jumna. It is 98 miles S. of Agra. Naseby , or Navd$by, Northamp. 12 miles North of Northampton, famous for NAT N A V for a vitRory gained by the Parliamenta- rians over the Royalifts in 1645. Nash , Bucks, in W addon parifh. Nash , Dor- fetfhire, in* the pariih of Broad Windfor. Nash, Hants,. E. of Chriftchurch. Nash, Herefordfh. near Preftayne, in Radnorlh. Nash, Kent, in the pariih of Boughton- under- the- Bean. Nash, Monmouthfh. near Newport-Haven. Nash, Shroplh. E. of Ludlow. Nash, Suilex, in Stev- ning pariih. Nash , in Wexford, Leinlter. Nash- Court, Kent, near N. Foreland. N ash- J\ fill, Herts, N. of King’sLangley. Nasing, Efl'ex, near Waltham. Nass, Gloucef. in Lidney pariih. Nassau, a very fertile county in the Wetterau, circle of Upper Rhine, con- taining mines of iron, copper, and lead. The prefent reigning princes, among whom it is divided, are Naflau Weilburg, Naflau Saarbruck Ufingen, and Naflau Saarbruck Saarbruck. The town of Naf- fau is feated on the river Lahn, 22 miles NW. of Mentz. Near it, on a high mountain, facing the town, formerly flood Nassaubergra , a place of very great antiquity, and the original houfe of the Naflau family, but now a fief of Treves. Nassau Dietz. See Dietz. Nasse-Fair, Nasse- Shell, and Nasse- White, Kent, E. of Margate- Bay. N as- set- Sharp, Nasset- Sheer, and Nassef- Pe- ter, Kent, near the Wefl Swale. Nai- ■ singtOTL , Northamp. NE. of Fotheringay- Caftle. Nastwood , Hants, near Woodhay. Nat a, St. Jago de, a fea-port of Panama, in South America, feated in a pleafant, -fertile country, on the Bay of Panama, 70 miles SW. of Panama. Natal, a country on the SE. coaft of CafFraria, in Africa, lying NE. of the Cape of Good Hope, inhabited by the Bolhmen Hottentots. The river Natal, which forms its northern boundary, runs into the Indian Ocean, in lat. 29. 30. S. Natangen, a province of Pruflia, bounded on the N. and E. by the Pregel, on the S. by Ermeland, and on the W. by the Frifche Iiaff. It is populous, well- cultivated, well wooded, and yields all forts of game, and plenty of flfli. Natchitoches, or Red River, a fine river of Louifiana, which falls into the Mifliflippj, in lat. 31. 15. N. and Ion. $1. 47. W. Nately, Hants, NE. of Bafmgftoke. Nately-Hall, Lane, near Garftang. Natenene, in Kerry, Munfter. Natby, Weftmorl. near Kirby- Steven. Nat land, Weftmorl. S£. of Kendal. Nat o li a, or Anadoli, a country formerly called Alia Minor ; the moft weftern part of Turkey, in Alia ; it is a large peninfula, extending from the river Euphrates, as far as the Archipelago, the Sea of Marmora, the Dardanelles, and the Strait of Conifantinople, which feparate it from Europe on the W. It is bounded on the N. by the Black Sea, and on the S. by the. Mediterranean. In its modern divifion it comprehends the pro- vinces of Anatolia, Caramania, Amafia, and Aladulia. Anciently it contained Bithynia, Paphlagonia, Galatia, Phrygia, Myfia, Eolia, Ionia, Lydia, Cana, Doris, Pifldia, Lycia, and Pamphylia. It is now governed by a beglerberg, who refides at Kiutaja, under whom are feveral fan- giacks. The air is temperate and whole- lome, the foil, in general, fertile, and the commerce' confiderable, particularly in carpets, leather, drugs, cotton, and filks. It is Grofled by a chain of moun- tains, formerly called Taurus, from E. to W. and watered by a great number of rivers. Natolia Proper. See Anatolia. Navan, a town of Meath, in Leinlter, feated at the conflux of the Blackwater and the Boyne, 7 miles NE. of Trim, and 23 NW. of Dublin. Nava ring, a large and populous town of the Morea, with an excellent harbour, the. heft frequented in the wdiole penin- fula, and defended by a citadel. It is fituated on the W. coaft, on the Gulf of Zonchio, 8 miles NE. of Modon, and 17 NW. of Coron. Navarre, a country of Europe, and formerly a kingdom, lying partly in T rance and partly in Spain, and divided into the Upper and.Lower. The Upper, which belongs to Spain, extends about 54 miles in length and 45 in breadth. The air is more mild, temperate, and wholefome, than in the neighbouring provinces of Spain \ and, though a moun- tainous country, it is pretty fertile, abounding in good corn, excellent wine, venifon, and wild fowl, good 1 paftures, exceedingly well flocked with fheep and goats , and aifo in iron- mines. The in- habitants are polite, hardy, lively, and laborious. It is divided into five jurifdic- tions, whole capital 'owns are Pampe- luna, Eftella, Tudela, Olita, and St. Guefca. Lower Navarre is fubjeel to France, and now forms the department pf the Lower Pyrenees. It is feparated from Spanifh Navarre by the Pyrenees, and is a mountainous, barren country, about £0 miles in length and 12 m breadth. La 162Cb Lorns XIII. fon of K k 4 Henry N A Z N A X Henry IV. annexed Lower Navarre and Beam to the crown of France. Na v a R r e, N E w, a provi nee i n Mexi co, bounded on the S. by Culiacan, and on the W- by the Gulph of California. The chief Spanifh town is St. Juan deCinaloa. Navarreins, a town in the dept, of the Lower Pyrenees, feated on the river Gave d’Oleron, 18 miles W. of Pau. Navenby , Line, tfavestock , Eilex, near Brentwood. Naughton, Suffolk, E. of Bildeffon. Naughton, a town in Fifelhire, 6 miles N. of Cupar. Navidad, a fea-port of Mexico, on the S. Sea. Lat. 19. 0. N. lon.,L06. 0. W. Navigators’ Islands, a duffer of illands in the S. Pacific Ocean. The in- habitants are very ftout, and accounted a handfome race of men, fcarcely one to be feen among them lefs than fix feet high, the women delicately beautiful ; their ca- noes, houfes, &c. well con It ruffed ; and they are much more advanced in internal policy and order than any of the illands in this ocean. They are furrounded by a coral reef ; but boats may land with ^reat fafety. Lat. 14. 19. S. Ion. 191. 0. Naul, in Dublin, Leinfter, Naumburg, a town of Jauer. and a town of Sagan, both in Siieua ; a town and bilhoprick of Upper Saxony, united to the Electoral Houfe ; and a town of Mentz, Lower Rhine. Nduhton , Giouceftcrlh. in Cheltenham aiVfh. Naimton, Gloucelterlh. 6 miles W. of Stow, and 7 from Winchcombe. Naunton, Suffolk, near Letheringham. Naunton, Worcefterlh. N. of Perfhore. jSfa~j:orth-CasUe> Cumberland, 10 miles from Carlifle, near the Gelt. Naxkow, a town of Denmark, in the Ifle of Laland, with a harbour commo- dious for trade, and a plentiful filhery. It is 60 miles SW. of Copenhagen. Lat. 5 4. 52. N. Ion. 11. 31. E. Naxos, or Naxia, the moll fertile Bland in the Archipelago, about 50 miles in circumference. The whole illand is .covered with orange, olive, lemon, cedar, citron, pomegranate, fig, and mulberry- trees, and their wine Trill maintains, its former excellence. It has no harbour, and yet they carry on a confiderable trade in barley, wine, figs, cotton, (ilk, flax, ebeefe, fait, oxen, Ineep, mules, and oil. They burn only oil of maffick, though olive-oil is exceedingly cheap. It is in- habited both by Greeks and Latins, and contains about 8000 inhabitants, and be- tween 40 and 50 villages. They hare here a mine of emery, which is fo com- mon, and fo cheap, that thcEnglifh often ufe it for baliaft. The female drel's of this iflund has fome thing truly ablurd in its appearance: The two wings of black velvet, which they fix behind to their (boulders, are altogether prepollerous. The Greek women at Smyrna cover their bread with a Angle gauze : at Naxia they wear a heavy ftomacher or breaft -piece of velvet, covered with embroidery and final! I pearls ; and they wear found their loins a fort of circular ffielf, calculated to fup- port the ends of a kind of laced lappets hanging down from their fhoulders. They add to this cmnberous drefs, all the co- quetry of behaviour they can affume ; they paint, blacken their eye-brows and eye- ladies, and cover their face with patches, made of the leaves of a black (hining talc which they find in the ifland thefe patches, or pretended blotch- covers, they fometimes cut triangularly, fometimes like j a liar ; but a patch like a crefccnt, placed between the eyes, is thought to be ir- refiftibly beautiful. When they return out of the country to their town-houfes, 1 they will have perhaps 40 women in theii train, fome on afles, and fome on foot > one of whom carries a napkin or two j a fecond, a petticoat ; a third, a pair of (lockings, and fo on : all which coni, pofes a very whimfical kind of procefliou to llrangers. Naxos, or Naxia, a confiderable town, capital of the Ifle of Naxos, over againft , the Ifle of Paros, with two archh'ilhop’s. fees, the one Greek and the other Latin. It is one of the mod beautiful places in the Grecian archipelago. Lat. 37. 8. N. Ion. 25. 59. E. Natl and, a town of Suffolk, with |l a manufacture of foap, bays, and fays. It is fituated on the river Stour, which di- vides it from Eflex, 6 miles N. of Col. chefter, and 56 NE. of London. Market on Friday. Nayland- Point, Kent, near Margate*. Bay. Nuylesey , Soinerf. between Cleve- don and Briftol. Noylesworth , Glouccf. near Minching-Hampton. Nazarenes, orNEZEiRES, The, a fedt of Afiatic Chriftians: among the feftivals which they obferve is one, which they call that of the womb ; on which day they proftrate themfelves before the wo- men and embrace their knees, with an appearance of the deepeTt veneration. On this, and other feftivals, when.aHem- bled in their places of worlhip, the window* are Ihut, tile lights are extm- gui&ed. NEC guifhed, and the moft unbridled licea- tioufnefs takes place. Nazareth, a fmall village of Pa- leffine, in Syria, where the monks of St. Francis have a convent ; and a Moravian tov n of Penn iy Ivan ia, 47 miles N. of Philadelphia. Naze-Point, on the coalt of Eflex, with the North Foreland, in Kent, 60 miles to the S. forms the mouth of the Thames, Neagh , a river in Denbighftnre, which runs into the Conway, 6 miles below Llanrolt. NeaghLough. SeeLouGH-NEAGH. Nealy in Mayo, Connaught. *Neath, a large town of Glamorgan- Ihire, leated on a river of the fame name, over which is a bridge, where a num- ber of fmall veflels come to load coal. In the neighbourhood are iron forges, ex- tenftve tin works, fm el ting works for copper, and many coal-mines, A navi- gable canal, 12 miles in length, has been lately cut from hence to the county of Brecon. It is "lituated near the Briitol Channel, 32 miles N\V . of Llandafl, and •200 W. by N. of London. Majrkets on Wednesday and Saturday. Neath, a river in Brecknock and Gla- morganlh're, which runs into the Brifiol Channel, near Coidfrank-Foreit. Neb, a river in the ille of Man, which runs into the irilh Sea, at Peel-Caftle. Nebio, a ruinous city of Corfica, 9 pules SW. of Baftia. Necau, a town of Biledulgerid. Necaus, a town of Algiers, with a fupexb mofejue ; it is feated in a territory abounding with excellent figs, 10O miles SYV. of Conftantina. Nechels, Warwickfh. near Allen. Na~ chels, Staffordih. near Wolverhampton, Nectar, a river of Gerniany, which has its lource in the Black Foreit, erodes the duchy of W irtemburg, and the pala- tinate of the Rhine, and falis into the Rhine a little below Manheim, after hav- ing palled by Hailbron, Heidelburg, and ottier towns of Ids note. Neckars Gemuno, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, lituated on the Neckar, 5 miles L. of Heidelberg. Neckar’ s-Ulm, a town of Franco- nia, fituated on the Neckar, 23 miles SE. of Heidelberg. Neck tun, Norfolk, E. of Swaffham. Nedhat/i - Grange, Derbyf. SW, of Bake- well. Nedderlun , Northumberl. NW. of Rothbury. N edging, Suffolk, near Bil- delton. Nedgingwy.rth, Huntingdon], a Voile t of HolyweU, N E G Ned-Roma, a town of Tremefen, m Africa, lituated in a charming country, furrounded with magnificent ruins, 50 miles WSW. of Oran. NkdsjeD, an extenlive province of Arabia, comprehending all the interior parts, and chiefly inhabited by Bedwitvs, of a warlike character at once robbers and hofpitable. It has Hedsjas on the- W. andlladramaut and Yemen on the S. Needen, in Kerry, Munfter. Needham, Norfolk, near Harleflon. Needham, a town of Suffolk, with' foine trade in Suff'olk-blues and cloths f the poorer fort of women arc employed in fpinning and weaving bonelace. Itia feated on the river ■ Orwell, 10 miles NYV.of Ipfwich, and 73 NE. of London. Market on Wednefday. Needles, two fharp pointed rocks at' the NW. end of the Ille of Wight, fa called from their iharp extremities. Hero were formerly three of thefe lofty white rocks; but the talleft of them, called Lot’s Wife, in its Ibape refembled a needle, which rofe 120 feet above low- water mark, being undermined by tht waves, in the year 1776, overfet and to- tally dilappeared. Lat. 50, 42. N. Needwojd- Forest, Staffbrdfh. between the Trent, Dove, and Blyth ; it is faid to exceed all the forclts in England in the excellency of its' foil, and the finenefs of its turf. Neeheeheow, or Oneehow, one of the Sandwich Illands, about 5 leagues W, of Atooi. Thecaftern coalt is high, and rifes abruptly from the fea ; but the rdl of the illand confills of low ground, ex- cept a round bluff' head on the foutheaft point. Jt produces abundance of yams, and of a fweet root ; and it contains about 10,000 inhabitants. Neen Savage , Shroplhire, N. of Cle- bury. Neesdon, Middlefex, 3 miles SE. of Harrow-on-the-Hill. Nelfern, a vil- lage near Newport, in Pembrokdhire, The church has no pavement in it, and the frequent burials have railed the ground within it to 7 or 8 feet higher than with- out it. Nefin, Carnarvonffiire. Nefta, a populous town of Tunis. NegaPatam, a fea- port of Tanjore, taken from the Dutch by the Englifh in 1782, but reftored at the peace. It is fituated on the coall of Coromandel, 42 miles E. of Tanjore, and 150 miles S. of Madras. Lat, 10. 46. N. Ion. 79. 56. E. Negovjbo, a fea- port of Ceylon, 12 mi esN. of C’olumbo. N eg rais, a fea- port and ifland near the SE. coalt of Ava, o.i the E. fide of the N E I t’le Bay of Bengal, in the mouth of the river Perfaim. Lat- 15. 50. N. Ion. Vo. 33. E- NiiGRiL Point, a promontory of Ja- maica, on the W. coaff, near Negril Bay, Or Harbour. Lat. 18.23. N. Negro-Cape, a promontory of Ben- guela. Lat. 1G. 15. S. Ion. 12.30. E. Negroes Island, one of the Phi- lippine Iflands, about 240 miles in 'cir- cumference, producing chiefly rice and cacao. About 3000 of the inhabitants are tributary to the Spaniards. Negroland, or Nigritia, called by the Arabs, Soudan, and by the na- tives A af no u, a vaft extent of country in Africa, through which the river Niger is fuppofed to run. It has a great defert, called Zahara on the N. and ffretches far to the S. but little more is known of the inland parts than the names of lome of the towns and kingdoms of which it is compofed. However, the Europeans have many fettlements on the coalt, where they barter European goods for Haves, gold-dull, elephants’ teeth, gums, and drugs. Negro pont, an ifland of Turkey in Europe, near 100 miles long, and from 8 to 16 broad, with a harbour, which is commonly the flation of the Tuikifh (hips. It abounds exceedingly in corn, wine, oil, fruits, flefli, fifn, and fowls, and provifions are very cheap. It has a Greek archbiihop’s fee. The cap- tain-balk; w refides here, who commands the whole ifland. The bridge reaches from the city to the continent, 'acrofs the Strait of Negropont. This flrait was formerly called Euripus, and was much celebrated for the Hated irregularities of its motions. This irregularity has baf- fled the refearches of both ancients and moderns, to account for it fatisfacforily. In the firlt eight days of the month, viz. from the 14th to the 20th, and alfo in the 3 kff days, the tide is regular both in its ebh anu in its flood, but on the other days, the ebb and flood return 11, 12, 18, and even- 14 times within 24 or 25 hours, ft was taken from the Venetians in 1169, by the Turks, after a fix months liege, at the colt of 40,000 men. The Venetians attempted to retake it in 1688, without effect. It is 30 miles NE. of of Setines, or Athens, and 260 SW. of Conftantinople. Lat. 38. 30. N. Ian. 24. 8. E. Nehavend, a town of Irac, in Perfia, 63 miles S. of Amadan. Neideneerg, a town of Oberland, in Piuffia, 80 miles S. of Koniuglbcrg, NEO Neilston , a village of Renfrewfhire, S of Paifley, with a cotton manufactory. i Neir, or Slieve Neir, a mountain in Down, Ulfter, in the barony of Upper Iveach. ’Neisse, a city and principality of Pruflian Silcfia. It is furroanded by thick walls and deep ditches, and moft of the houfes are well built. The bifhop of Breflaw generally refldes here, and has a magnificent palace. The air is very wholefome, provifions are cheap, and the inhabitants carry on a confiderable trade in linens and wine. It is feated on the river Neifie (which fifes in the N. part of Bohemia, enters Lufatia, pailes by Goritz Guben, &c. after which it runs into the Oder), 44 miles S. of Breflaw. Lat. 50. 19. N. Ion. 17. 35. E. N eland, Suffex, near Cuckfield. Nellenburgh, a town and land- graviate of Auftrian Suabia, 16 miles NW. of Conftance. Nelmes , Effex, E. of Rumford. Nel- stv/i, Leiceflerfh. near Market Bofworth. Nelson, a fort and fettlement in N» America, on the W. fide of Hudfon’s- : Bay, feated at the mouth of the river ; Nelfcrn. It is held by the Hudlon’s-Bay Company. Lat. 57. 7- N. Ion. 92. 35.W. , Nem/ea, a village in the Morea, fa- i mous in antiquity for the games cele- brated here. It is 20 miles SW. of Corinth. Nemet, Bishops , Broad, St. George, ■ Kings, Rowland, and Tracy, all in L>e- vonlhire. N emmet , Somerfetfliirp, near Cliewton. Nemours, a town in the depart, of : Seine and Marne, feated (on the fpot.* where flood the town of Grex, in the time of Julius Caffar) on the river Loin 10 miles S. of Fontainbleau, and 26 SE. ; of Paris. Nen, or Nine, the principal river of Northamptonfhire, which rifes in the W, part of the county. It is made navi- gable at Northampton, leaves the county at Peterborough, and eroding the Ifle of Ely, forms part of the W. boundary of Norfolk, and falls into the Lincolnlhirc VVaih. It likewife communicates, by fcveral channels, with the Great Oufe. *Nenagh,. a town ol Tipperary, in Munfler, feated on a branch of the river Shannon, 75 miles from Dublin. Nene Sellers, Shropthire, S. of Clebury. Nen field., Suffex, S. of Afliburnham. Neocastro, a town and fortrefs of Romania, 12 miles North of Conflan- tinople. N cot's, St. Cornwall, N. of Leikard. . *Neot’s ? N E S NET •Neot’s, St. a large well-built town of Huntingdonlhire, feated on the river Oufc, over which is a ftone bridge. It is SO miles WSW. of Cambridge, and o6 NNW. of London. Market on Tnurfday. Nepean Island, in the S, Pacific Ocean, oppofite Port Hunter, on the S. coalt of Norfolk Illand. It con fills en- tirely of One mafs of fand, held together by the furrounding clifis, which form a border of hard rocks. Notwichftanding there was not the leaf! appearance of earth or mould on the illand, there were up- ward of S00 very fine pines growing on it. The furface was covered with a kind of coarfe grafs. Nepi, a town in the Patrimonio, Italy. Neptune's Court , Hants, near Portf- mouth. Nerac, a handfome town m the dept, of Lot and Garonne, divided by the river Bail'e (which here becomes navi gable) into two parts. Great and Little Nerac. The kings of Navarre, as dukes of Albret, had once a palace here. It is 12 miles SW. of Agen. Nerbudda, a river of Iiindoofian, which ifiues from a lake on the fouthern confines of the province of Allahabad, and after a courfe of 550 miles almoft due W. runs into the Gulf of Cambay, 31 miles N. of Surat. Nericia, or Nerike, a fertile pro- vince "of Sweden, having Weftmanland on the N. and Sudermanland on the £. Here are feveral flourilhing manufactures of hardware, and it has always been re- markable for forging arms, &c. Orebro is the principal town. Nero, one of the Banda Iflands, in the Eaft- Indies. The Dutch have a fet- tlement here called Fort-Nafl’au. The mountains are covered with trees, in which are birds of a very fingular kind. Lat. 4. 40, N. Ion. 129. 45. E. % Neroche Forest, Somerfetfh. W. of II- mi nfter. Nertchinsk, a province and its ca- pital,. feated on the Nertcha, near its union with the Amur, in the Ruffian go- vernment of Irkutzk. Lat. 51. 12. N. Ion. 116. 30. E. * Nesbit , Durham, near Hartlepool. Nesebit, North umberl. in Vefey barony- Ncsbe, Kent, S. of Rumney* Nesle, a town in the dept, of Somme, feated on the river Lingon, 0 miles S. of Peronne, and 66 N. by E. of Paris. Ness, Loch, a beautiful lake in In- ver nefsfhjje, %2 miles in length, and for the mofi part, one in breadth. It is llieltered on the NW. by the high moun- tains of Urquhart and Mealfourvoney, a nd edged with coppices of birch and oak. Ness, a river of Scotland, which ilfues from Loch Ncfs, and falls into the Frith of Murray, below Invernefs. Nes% NW. of Chcfter, by the Dee. Ness, Y.orkf. N. Riding, NW, of Sling f- by Cafile. Ness, Great and Little, and Ness Cliff, NW. of Shrewfbury. Nes- terfield, Yorkfhire, E. ofMafham. Ne ton , NW. of Chefter, on the Dee. Nes trick, Yorkfh. E. Riding, near Watton- Abbey, Netham, Hants, E. of Alton. Netham- House, Line. SW. of Dannington-upon- Bane. Netherbeworth , Durham, E. of Newcafile, Netherbury, Dorfetf. one mile S. of Beminfter. Netlierby , Cumb. on the Elk, near Lougtown. Nether- Cerne, Dorfetf. near Cerne- Abbas. Nether cot, Gloucef. in the panfh of Burton-on-the- Water. Nethercote, Warw. Nethercourt, Kent, W. of Ramfgate. Nether dale, Yorkf. W. Riding, N. of Patley- Bridge. Netherex, Devon?, near Bradninch. No- ther field, Sufl'cx, W. of Battel. Nethcr- haU, Cumb. near Egremont. Netherhali, Efi'ex, in Roydon parilh. Netherhali , Efiex, near Great and Little Parndon, and the conflux of the river's Lea and Stort. Nelherhamp , Somerfetlhire, S. of A xb ridge. Netheringion , Wilts, near Saiifbury. Netherlands, or the Low Coun* tries, in German, Nikderlande, a large country of Europe, anciently called Gallia Belgica. In the fifth century tW Frftncs, a people of Germany, coming to lettle in Gaul, founded a new king- dom, to which they gave the name of f ranee. In the 9th century, the Ions of the emperor, Louis the Pious, having di- vided the dominions of their father, who pollelled Germany, France, and Italy, a new kingdom was formed, comprehend- ing Germany and France, which extended from the Mediterranean to the ocean, and contained a part of the Netherlands. It was called Lotharia,butdid not long fub- filt, for it was foon divided into two ; and that feated near the Mediterranean was called the kingdom of Burgundy ; while the other, to the N. had the name of Aufirafia. Neither did this lalt con- tinue long, it being divided into fmall provinces, under different names, which Hill depended on the empire of Germany, and were called Lower Germany- In procefs of time, the houfe of Burgundy purchafed many of them, and was about to form them, with Burgundy, into a NET kingdom ; but Charles the Bold, the Tall duke of Burgundy, being killed by the Swifs in 1477 , his part of the Nether- lands devolved on his only child and beirefs, Mary; by whofe marriage with the emperor Maximilian, the Netherlands became an acquifttion to the houfe of Auftria. The emperor Charles V. king of Spain, in 1555 , abdicated the fove- reignty of the Netherlands, and, fome- time afterward, the Spanifh crown, in favour of bis fon Philip. The tyranny of this cruel bigot, Philip II. who en- deavoured to introduce the inquifition into the Low Countries, with the barba- rities excrcifed by the duke of Alva, ex- afperated the people to fuch a degree, that they threw off the Spanilh yoke, and under the condudl of William I. prince of Orange, formed the famous league of Utrecht, in 1579 , which proved the foun- dation of the republic of the United Pro- vinces. The provinces which compofe this republic, are thofe of Holland, Weft Friefland, Gueklerland, Utrecht, Overyf- fel, and Groningen. After a long and bloody war, the Spaniards agreed to a truce of 12 years, with the United Pro- vinces, the very firft article of which acknowledged them to be free and inde- pendent ftates. The war was renewed in 1621 , till at lall, by the treaty of Weftphalia, in 1648 , Philip IV. of Spain cxprefsly renounced all claim to fove- reignty over the United Provinces. The other 10 provinces, however, returned under the dominion of Spain, but with very favourable ftipulations with refpe£I to their ancient laws and liberties. On the death of Charles II. king of Spain, and the fubfeqnent acceffon of a branch of the houfe of Bourbon, to that mo- narchy, it was ftipulated, by the treaty of Baden, in 1714 , that the Spanilh Netherlands Ihould return to the German branch of the houfe of Auftria, in w T hich they remained till the reign of Jofeph II. but not without diminution and difmem- berment ; for fome confiderable parts were obtained by conqueft, or ceffion, by the French and Dutch. The only territories that belonged entirely to Aus- tria, were thofe of Namur and Mechlin. The Dutch had part of Brabant, Lim- burg, and Flanders. The French had Artois and the Cambrefi6, and they bad Jikewife part of Luxemburg, Flanders, .ind Hainault. But on the other hand, part of Guddcrlgnd, one of the Seven United Provinces, belonged to Auftria, and another to Pruflia. The emperor, Charles Vi. left the Auftrian Netherlands NET to his daughter Maria Therefa, queen of’ Hungary and Bohemia, who married Francis, grand duke of Tufcany, after- wards emperor. During her reign, no fpvereign could be more beloved ; no people more content and happy. But her fon Jofeph 11. having projected many innovations in the conftitution, both in churcli and ftate, and enforcing them with violence, an univerfal fpirit of revolt broke out ; an army of 40,000 men rofe, as if by magic, to fupport the renun- ciation of all allegiance, which feveral of the provinces now openly made ; a congrefs was formed from the different ftates, in whom the fupreme government was veiled ; and by the end of 1790 , the Auftrian forces were entirely expelled from the Netherlands. The new go- vernment, however, was not of long duration. Leopold II. (the fucceflbr of the capricious Jofeph, who died in th® early part of 1790 ) partly by force of arms.- partly by conciliatory meafures, and partly by the mediation of the courts of London, Berlin, and the Hague, re- covered the entire poffeflion of his au- thority in thefe provinces, and that, ap- parently, to t e fatisfadftion of the people; the minifters of the mediating courts having guaranteed the reltoration of the the ancient Belgic conftitiltion, as en- joyed under the happy reign of the em- prefs queen Maria Therefa. But lince the death of Leopold, his fon Francis having joined the confpiracy againft the French, thefe countries have endured the horrors and ravages of war, and been alternately in the poffeflion of the dif- ferent parties. They are now entirely in the ’poflefiion of the French, who have reduced them into departments, and an- nexed them to their republic. The Ne- therlands in general, are 360 miles long, and 260 broad ; and are hounded on the W. the N. and NW. by the German Ocean, and the Dutch United States; on the E. by Germany ; and on the S. by France. The principal rivers are the Scheldt, Rhine, Maefe, Mofelle, Sambre, and Lis ; and there are many fine navi- gable canals, which are of great advan- tage to the commerce of the country. The air is temperate; but the mouths of the rivers and harbours are frozen up in winter. The foil is extremely fertile in Qorn and paftures; and there are feveral fine man n failures of lace, lawns, cam- brics, tapeftry, Sec. Nether lei gh, Gloucef. in Weftbury pa- ri lh. Net her set t Lei cel'. S. of A’fliby- de- la- Zouch. Nether stoke, Dorfeti. in MaL ftock NEU N E U ftock parilh. Nether thorp, Derbyf. NW. of Bolfover. Nether thorp, Oxfordf. near Banbury. Nether ton, Chefhire, near Frodfham. Nether ton, Devonlh. near Sidmouth. Nether tn, Northumb. SE. of Morpeth. Not her ton, Wore, in Crop- thorn parifh. Nethertcn, Yorkf. 3, miles SYV. of Wakefield. Nether ton -Haiti Worcefrerlh. near Bewdley. Nether- U'ent , Monmouthfti. the low lands of the county. Netherwich , Worceft. near Droitwich. Netherwood, Herefordfifire, NW. of Bromyard. Netishcard, Norf. S. of Tunfted. Net ley, Hants, near Southampton Water. Netley , Shropfhire, near Longnor. Netsweil- Cross, Efi’ex, near Sabridgworth. Netsweil, Eilex, SW. of Harlow. Nettilham , NE. of Lincoln. *Nettlebed , Oxfordf. 4 miles and a half from Henley. Nettlecomb , Dorfetfhire, NE. of Brid- ort. Nettlecomb, Somerfetfhire, near ’aunton. Netlleden , Bucks, in Pitfron parilh. Nettlepots , Yorkf. N- Hiding, on the Lune, near Stainmoor. Nettles - hitch, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Nettlestsd, Kent, 3 miles S. of Weft Mailing. Nettlested, Suffolk, S. of Need- ham. N&itlesion , Me of Wight, in E. Medina. Nettleton , Lincolnlhire, near Thong-Caftle. Nettleton, Wilts, near Keynton-Weft. Nettleworth, Durham, E. of Lanchefter- Nettleworth, Not- tinghamfhire, NE. of Mansfield Wood- houfe. Nettuno, a handfome, but thinly peopled town, in theCainpagnaof Home, feated in a fertile foil, at the mouth of the river Loracina, 24 miles SE. of Home. Neva, a river of Huflia, which is an outlet to the Lake Ladoga, and falls jnto the Gglf of Finland, below Pe- te rfburgh. Neuburg, a town of Suabia, on the Rhine ; a town of Prufiian Pomerelia j a town of Stiria j a town in the Upper Palatinate, fituated on the Schwarza ^nd a town of Bavaria, capital of a duchy of the fame name, fituated on the Da- nube, 15 miles W. of Ingoldftadt. Neuchatel, a territory of Swiffer- land, which, with that of Vallengin, forms one principality, that ftretches from the Lake of Neuchatel to the limits of the late province of French Comte in France, containing, in Hngth, about 10 leagues, and 4 n breadth. By the death of the duchefs of Nemours, in 1707, the fovereignty of Neuchatel and Vallengin was claimed by Frederic I. king of Pruf- &a> as heir to the Prince of Orange $ bis right was acknowledged by the fiat os of the eo an try, and from him it de- feended to his great grandfon, Frederick - Wiliiam II. The conftitution of this country is a kind of limited monarchy. The inhabitants are Proteftants, except in the two diftridls of Landeron and Creflier, where the Romilh religion is predominant. In 1529, this populous principality entered into a ftridl alliance with the cantons of Bern, Friburg, So- leure, and Lucerne. The air is healthy and temperate, hut the foil not every wherq equally fertile ; however, there are large vineyards, which produce ^liite and red wine, which laft is excellent. The paftures on the mountains feed a great number of all forts of cattle, and there are plenty of deer in the forefly befide large trouts, and other good fifty in the lakes and rivers. The people are ingenious, polite, asSVive, and induftrious. Neuchatel, a lake pfi Swiflerland, which ftretches about 24 miles in length, from the tovyn of Y verdun to that of Neuchatel, at which extremity it has a communication with the Lake of Bienne by a narrow outlet. Its Ihores, near Y verdun, are covered with country- houfes and cultivated farms. Nevendon, Efiex, SE. of Biller icay^ Nevern , a river in Pembrokelhire. Neufchatel, a handfome town of Swiflcrland, capital of a principality of the fame name } but it is a fmall place, containing not more than 3000 people. It lies partly on the little plain, between the Lake of Neuchatel and the Jura, and partly on the declivity of that mountain ; and fomeof itsftreets, in cotirfe, are very fteep. The chief article of exportation is wine produced from the neighbouring vineyards, and much efteemed. Manu- factures alfo of printed linens and cotton# have been eftabliflied with fuccefs. Many public works have been lately executed at Neufchatel, at an expcnce far exceed- ing the revenues of this little Rate; but for thefe they are indebted to a private citizen, Mr. David Pury, who, befide contributions in his life time, to the amount of 40,0001. left his country heir' to a film of 100,0001. ; he himfelf, having none butdiftant relations. Among thefe public works, are the new town- houfe, and a fupcrh caufeway leading toward the valley of St. Imier. Neuf- chatel has a grand and little council ; the firft is compofed of 40 perfons $ the fecond confifts of 24 members, com- prehending the mayor, who is prefident. Thefe Iy/o councils afluaible regularly every NEV every month. Tfie town is fituated on .the lake of the lame name, 25 miles NNW. of Bern. Neufchatel, a town in the dept, of Lower Seine, noted for excellent cheefe, and commodioufly feated on the river Ar- ques, '20 miles SE. of Dieppe, and 75 IS W. of Paris. NeviVs Cross , near Durham; where, in 134.6, David Bruce, king of Scots, was defeated and taken prifoner by the Englifti. Nevers, a confiderable town in the department of Nievre', formerly capital of the Nivernois. It contains feveral fine buildings, particularly the ancient ducal palace, and has about S000 inhabitants. The principal, manufactures arc china, glafs, and works of enamel. It is feated on the river Loire, over which there is a handfome fione bridge, arid at the end of it a fine large caufeway, reaching to the town. It is 24 miles NNW, of Moulins. Nsufchateau, a town of Lux- emburg*. Neufchateau, a populous, trading town in the department ofVofges, feated in a fertile foil, ..on the river Mouzon 30 miics NNW, of Epinal, and 150 E. by S. of Paris ; alfo a town in the de- partment of the Aifne, and a town in the department of Lower Seine. Neuhausen, a. town of Samland, in Prufiia, and town in the duchy of Courland. Nevin, or Newin,.- a verv poor town of Carnarvonfhire, feated on the Irifh Channel, oppofite to Pulhelly. Here Edward I. in 128 4, on the conquefl of Wales, field a round table, in imitation of King Arthur, and celebrated it with a dance and tournament. The concourfe was prodigious; not only the chief no- bility of England, but numbers of others from foreign parts, graced the feftiyal with their prefence. It is 20 miles SYV. of Carnarvon, anfl-249 NW. of London. Market on Saturday. Nevis, a final 1 but very fruitful ifland pf the Well Indies, divided from the E. end of St. Chnfio.pher’s by a narrow'charv n'efi It is a beautiful fpot, little more than a tingle mountain, which is very high in the middle, and covered with large trees up to the top. Here are iprings of freth water and a ho't bath, much of the fame nature as thqfe qf Bath in England. It is divided into 5 parifhes, and contains one* town, Charles Town, which is for- tified. It produces, on an average, one iiogflicatl of fugar per acr6, and about N E W 4000 hogflieads in the whole. The mini- 1 ber of inhabitants is about 6000 whites, J and about 10,000 negroes. It is fubject . to the Englifh, Lat. 17. 14. N Ion. 62, ' 95. W. Neu'mark, a town in the refpedtive territories of Stiria, Carniola, Further Pomerania, and of Culm, in Pruffia ; alfo ' a town in the Upper Palatinate ; a town of Saltzburg, Bavaria ; and a town of Erzgeburg, Upper Saxony. Neusol, a town of Upper Hungary, with great mines of excellent copper ore, in th.e adjacent mountains, It is fituated on the river Gran, 10 miles N. of Chrem- nitz, and 104 E, of Vienna. Neustadt, a town of Olmutz, in Moravia ; alfo a tow r n in the archduchy of A ufrria, of Koningratz, in Bohemia ; | of Mentz ; of the palatinate of the Rhine ; of Wurzburg, Franconia ; of Meilfen ; two of Middle Marche, Bran- denburg ; a town of Erzgeburg, of Co- burg. and of Neuftadt, all in Upper - Saxony; of Calenburg, of Wolfenbuttle, and of Holfiein, in Lower Saxony; of Oppeln, in Silefia; of Culmhach, Fran- conia; of Bavaria, on the Danube; of ' the Circle of WeftphSlia, 26 miles ESE. of Bonn ; and of Finland, near the gulf ’ of Bothnia, 24 mile's N. of Abo. Newark , near Gloucefier. Newark , Northamp. near Peterborough. Newark , Surry, in the parifli of Send. Newark , * Elfex, partly in Norton, and partly in High On gar. Newark, a flo;mfhing town of N. - America, in the fiate of New Jerfey, 9 •' miles W. of New York. ^Newark- upon- Trent, a town of Nottinghamfhire, feated on the river ‘ Trent, over which is a bridge into a fmali ifland, made by the river. Here is a handfome and moft fpacious market- place. They trade chiefly in corn, cattle, wool, &rc. and there is a confiderable ma- nufacture of malt, and a fmali one of fucking. ll once had a magnificent cafilc* of great importance, now' in ruins. It is 20 miles NE. by E. of Nottingham, and 124 N. hv W. of London, on the York road. Market on Wednefdny.- Newberh, the largcft town in the fiate of N. Carolina, in N. America, the county town of Craven c ounty. It Hands on a fiat, Tandy, point of land, formed by the. confluence of the Neus on the N. and the Trent on the S, the former beirfghero a mile and a half wide, and the latter three quarters of a mile. It is 499 miles S by W.of Philadelphia, Tat. 35. 20. N. Ion. 77, 20. W Newarne > . N E W Newarne, Glouc. a hamlet in Lid- ney. Newbarn, Herts, S. of St. Al- - ban’s. Newberns , Camb. N. of Ely. Newberry s, Herts, near Aldenh'am. dew- berry, Eflex, near Abury-Hatch. New- biggin, Cumb. SE. ot Carlifle. B/ew- \ biggin, Durham, W. of Lanchefter. Newbiggin, Durham, near the Forefts of Teefdale and Lune. Newbiggin, j Durham, SW. of Bifhop- Auckland. Newbiggin , Lane, near the Ken Sands and Foulney Ille. Newbiggin , North- bumberland near Newcaftle. Newbiggin , Northumb. near Norham- Cattle. New-, biggin, Northumb. on the coatt, S, of Coquet- Ifland, near Seaton, inhabited by fifhermen. Here is a fine bay, fecured from ftorms, by high rocks, and capable of receiving veffels of 6t) tons burthen. Newbiggin , Northumb. S. of Hexham. Newbiggin , Northumb. SW. of Roth- bury. Newbiggin, Weftmorl. N. of Ap- pleby. Newbiggin, \ or kill. NW . of Rumbald-Kirk. Newbiggin, Yorkfhire, SW. of Whitby. Newbigjgm , Yorkfh. near Burrowby. Newbiggin, Yorkfhire, in Bithopfdale, W. of Midlam. New- biggin, Yorkf. near Leeds. Newbiggin, Yorkf. on the river Are, S. of Skfpton, in Craven. Newbliss, in Monaghan, Lifter. Newb td, Chefhire, byAftbury. New- bold, Dcrbyf. near Chefterfield. New- , bold, Leicefterfli. NE. of Afhby-de-la- Zouch Newbcld, Staflordf. near Burton- upon-Trent. Newbold, Worcef. near Alderminfter. Ncwb Id Comin, Warw. in the parith of Lemington Priors. New- bold, N. and S. Yorkthire, E. Riding, near N. and S. Cave. Newbold Pads, Warwickf. a mile fiom Morton Merial. Newbold Revel, Warw. between Brink- low and Monk’s Kirby. Newbold-upoji- Avon, Warwickth. near Rugby. New- bold Verden, Leicefterth. E. of Bofworth. Newborn, Suffolk, S. of Woodbridge. Newborough. SceGOREY. Newborough, a fmall town of N. M ales, in the ifle of Anglefey, once the refidence of the Princes of Wales, but now principally fupported by making mats and fea-reedgrafs. It isfeated on the river Brant, 3 5 miles SW. of Beaumaris, and 257 NW. of London. Market on Tucfday. Newborrow , Staffordth. in Needwocd- Toreft, 5 miles from Lichfield. New- hot tie, NE. of Durham. Newbotlle, Northamptonfh. 2 miles from Brackley. Newbotlle, Northamptonth. 3 mile from Harpole./ Newbotlle, a town of Edin- burghth. 1 mile S. of Dalkeith. New- hottle, Rutland, NE. of North Laf- N E W fenham. New- Bounds, Kent, near Tun- bridgeWells. New- Bridge, Berks. New-. Bridge, Cornwall, SW. of Kellington. New- Bridge, Kent, near Staplehurft. New- Bridge, Suflex, NE. of Pet worth. New-Bridge, in Kildare, Leinftej*. New-Bridge. in Cork, Munfter. New- Bridge, in Limerick, Munfter. New- Bridge, in Wicklow, Leinlter. New- Buildings, in Derry, Lifter. Newburgh, Lancath. W. of Wigan. Newburgh, Northumb. near Hexham. Newburgh, Yorktliire, near Burlington. Newburgh, Yorkf. N. Riding, near Rhi- dale Vale, 10 miles from York. New- burn-upon-Tyne, a village in Northumb. on the W. fide of Newcaftle, inhabited chiefly by miners. *Newbury, a large well- frequented town in Berkf. with fpacious ftreets and a large market-place. It was formerly eminent for the clothing inanufadlure, and ftill makes a confidcrable quantity of thalloons and druggets, and many ot the poor are employed in fpinning. Ihey alfo fend a great quantity of malt to London. In the reign of Henry VIII. Orman John Winchcomb, commonly called Jack of Newbury, employed 1-0 Q looms in his own houle ; and in the ex- edition againft the Soots, marched ta loddonfield w'ith 100 of his own men,, all armed and clothed at his own expencc y healfo built all the W. part of the church. It is feated on the river Kennet which abounds with excellent trout, eels, and cray-fith, on the great road between London and Briftol, 1G miles M . ot Reading, and 56 W. of London. A well fupplied market on Thurfday. Newbury, Port, a fca-portofMaf- fachufetts, which carries on a very con- fiderahle commerce with the Weft India ifknds, as alfo the bufinefs of ftnp-. building largely, and employs a few veffels in the fifhery. It is fttuated on the SW. fide of the river Merrimak, 2 miles from the fea, and yO N. of Bofton. Newby, Cumb in Irthington parifh. Newby , Yorkf. near Scarborough. New- by, Yorkf. NW. of Stokeftcy. Newby f Yorkf. SW. of Thirfk. Newby, Tr orkf, near Settle. Newby- PI all, Yorkf. 2 miles from Boroughbridge. Newby- Stones, Weftmorl. W. of Appleby. Newby- vpon-Swale, Yorkfhirc, in Richmond. Newby-upon-W isle, \ orkf. E. of Bedall. Newcastle , Shropfh. near Clun-Foreft. Newcastle, a fmall town of Car mar-, thenfhire, in S. Wales, feated on the river Tyvy, 1 7 miles NW, of Carmarthen, and 219 WNW, of London. Mark. On Frid. ^Newcastle, N E W N E W ^Newcastle, orNcwcASTLE- vn- hemp, &c. from the Baltic and Norway; .ber-Line, a confiderable and well-built Ships are font hence to the Greenland town in Staffordfh. with a manufactory filhery. It alfo polfefles manufactories of of cloth, and a large one of hats, here fteel, iron, and woollen cloth ; and in being an incorporated company of felt- the town and neighbourhood are feverat makers. In the neighbourhood are many glafs-houfes. The ft feet s in the old part manufa£tures of {tone ware, the fale of of Newcaftle are unlightly and narrow, which is fuppofed to average, annually, and the buildings greatly crowded to- ahout 100,0001. It is feated on a branch gether ; but fome of the newer parts are of the Trent, 15 miles N. of Stafford, handfome and commodious. The fuburbs and 149 NW. of London, arechiefiy inhabited by keel-men, arcugh Newcastle, or Newcastle^up- and fturdy race, employed in carrying ON-Tyne, the largeft and moft populous the coal down the river in keels, or town in Northumberland, lituated among lighters, to the large fhips. Newcaftle ftcep hills, on the Tyne, which is here a was made a borough by William the fine and deep river ; fo that (hips of 3 or Conqueror, and the firft charter which 400 tons burden may fafely come up was granted to the townfmen for digging to the town, though the large colliers are coal was by Henry III. in 1239 ; but, iu llationed at Shields. It is fo fecure a ha- 1306, the ul'e of coal for fuel was pro- ven, that veffels when they have palled hibitedin London, by royal proclama- Tynemouth Bar, are in no danger either tion, chiefly becaiife it injured the fale of from florins or fhallows. It is defended wood for fuel, great quantities of which by Clifford’s Fort, which eftedtually com- were then growing about that city; but ynands all veffels that enter the river. The this interdiction did not long continue, town may be confidered as'divided into and we may confide? coal as having been two parts, of which Gatefhead, on the dug and exported from this place for more Durham fide, is. one; and both were joined than 400 years. The caftle was built by a ftrong bridge, which had flood by Robert Courthofe, eldeft fon of Wil- above 500 years. It originally conftfted ham the Conqueror. Newcaftle is 14 of 12 arches, but by the embankment of miles N.of Durham, 94 N. of York, and the river for the purpofe of forming the 271 N. by W. of London, on the great quays on the N. fide, they were reduced road to Edinburgh. Markets on Tuefftay to nine. On this bridge were houfes, and Saturday. which, in general, flood at fonie diftance Newcastle, a town of N. America* from each other* In 1771, a dreadful in the ftate of Delaware, firft fettled by flood carried away four of thefe arches, the Swedes, about the year 1627, and with the houfes that flood upon them, called Stockholm., but afterward taken by This part of the bridge was rebuilt in the Dutch, and called New AmfferdamV . 1779. The town rifes on the N. bank of When it fell into the hands of the the river, where the ftreets, upon the af- Englifh, it was called Newcaftle. It cent, are exceedingly fleep. Many of the was the firft town fettled on the river- houfes arc built of ftone : but fome of- Delaware, and was formerly the feat of then* are of timber, and the reft of brick, government. It now contains about 60l The eaftle, which is old and ruinous, houfes, which have. the afpeel of decay, overlooks the whole town. The ex- and is feated ~ o ; 'he V/. ban 1. of the De- change, churches, and other public laware, 30 miles SSW. of i hdadelphia. buildings, are elegant ; and the quay Newcastle, o town or borough, in for landing goods is long and large. Here the county of Dublin, 10 miles WSW. is a hall for the furgeonS, a large hofpital, of Dublin. built by the contribution of the keel-men, Newcastle, a county in the ftate of for the maintenance of the poor of their Delaware; alfo a town of Virginia, and fraternity; and feveral charitable foupda- a town, or village, on the N. coaft of the lions, it isfituated in the centre of the ifland of Nevis. great collieries, which have for centuries Newcastle , in Dublin, Lcii lfter. New- fupplied London, all the caftern, and raoft castle , in Down, Lifter. Newcastle, in of the fouthern parts of the kingdom Meath, Leinfter. Newcastle , in W ater- with coal. This trade has been the ford, M uniter. fource of great opulence to Newcaftle; Newcastle,’ a handfome town of which, betides, exports large quantities Limerick, in Uliteryl 14 miles fromDublin^ of lead, fait, falmon, butter, tallow, and Niwcestown, in Cork, M under, grindftones ; and imports wine and fruit Newchapel , Northumb. near Morpeth, from the- S. of Europe* and timber, iron* Newchapel, Staffoidf* NE> of Newcaftle- - under- N E W N E W under-Line. Newchapel, Surry, in Bur- ftow parifli . New- Church , Ifle of V ight, in E. Medina. Nezc- Churchy Kent, 3 miles and a half N. of Romney. Nczc- Church, I.anc. S. of Leigh. Nov- Church, Mount. W. of Chepftow Park. New 'College Manor , Berks, in E. Ilendred parilh. Neve- Court, Heref. between the old Court Dowlas and the Golden Vale. Newdigafe, in Surry, 5 miles SE. of Darting. In the E. part of this village is .a medicinal ipring, of the fame nature as that of Epiom. New Dyke, Ilun- tingdonfhire, between Bricknteer and Holme. Newell- II all, V orkfh. X. of Ottley. Neweuden, Kent, anciently a famous city of the Britons, but razed to the ground by the fivft king of the South Saxons, and rebuilt in the. reign of Edward I. It has a bridge over the Bother, which here divides the county from Suites, A miles SE. of C ran brook. Newehliavi, E. of Bedford. Newenhani, Dcvonihire, near Axminfrer. Newenham, Devonfhire, near PI yin to m Newenham , Ilertfordlh. N. of Baldock. Newenham, Kent. Newenham, Cape, a rocky point of conliderable height, in the N. Pacific Ocean, on the W. coaft of N. America. It forms the northern extremity of a vaft bay, called Briftol Bay, of wiiich the promontory of Alalka. is the fouthern boundary. Lat. 58. 42. IS. Ion. 1G2. 2 1. W. ' Newent, a town of Gloucefterfhire, feated on a b flinch of the Severn, naviga- ble for boats, 8 miles NW. of Gloucefter, and 114 WNW. of London. Some va- luable mines of excellent coal, the beds of which are of great magnitude, have been lately difeovered in this parilh. A navigable canal is now making from hence to Hereford. Market-on Friday. Newenlou, Kent, near Sittingbourn. Newenlou , "Wilts, NW. of Everley War- ren. Newenlou, Wilts, 2 miles N. of Malmftmry. New Eye Course, Kent, W. ofHithc'. Next field , Durham, NW. of Bilhop- Auckland. Newjicld , Lincolnfh. near Glandford-Bridge. New- Ferry, in Derry, Lifter. Newfidler-Sea, a lake of Hun- gary, 17 miles in length, and G in breadth. Jt is 20 miles S. by W. of Pretburg. Nevv-Forest, a foreft in Ilampfhiro, fttuated in that part of the county which is hounded on the E. by Southampton- W ater, and on the S. by the EnglHh Channel. According to the plan taken of it in 1 G8S (the laft on record) it extends from Godfiidt on the NW . to the fea on the SE. about 20 miles, and from Hardlcy on the E. to Ringwood on the W. about 15 miles. !t contains within thole limits about 92,365 acres, ftatute piealure; Of thefe, however, only 63,845 acres are woods and wafte lands, the reft are in- clofed lands, held by the mafter- keepers , and groom- kecpcVs,. with their vcfpedii ve lodges, purjnvllures or incroachments, &c. There are nine walks in it, and a keeper to every one, under a lord warden, bc- fidcs two rangers and a how-bearer. King 'Henry VI It. built fome caftles in it, and it has now feveral pretty towns and vil- lages. It has advantages of fit nation, with refpeAt to conveyance by water car- riage, and vicinage to Portimouth dock- yards, l'uperior to every other To reft, having, in its neighbourhood, feveral places for {hipping timber. It was af- forested by William the Conqueror, who expelled the inhabitants, and laid wafte the country for that purpofe. Ilis fon, W illiam Rufus, was killed in this foreft by ah arrow {hot by Walter Tyrrel, a French knight, and which is faid to have accidentally glanced againfl; a tree. Newfound la n d, a large ifland lying on the eaftern coaft of N. America, be- tween 47 and 52 deg. N. lat. It is 350 miles in length from N. to S. and 200 in breadth, at the hafe, from E. to W . It is a moujitainous, barren country, and is niucfi colder, than England, being covered with fnow five months in the year. It ieems to have no inhabitants of its own, hut in the Cummer- time is vifited by the Elkimaux Indians. About 500 Englifli families, however, continue here all the ear, befides the garrifon of St. John’s, flacentia, * and other forts, or villages, ealhvard, towards Cape Raze, and from thence to Cape Bona Villa. The remainder, hotli of the country and coaft, northward and weftwnrd, is entirely defart. The whole coaft of the ifland is a fucceffion of fpacious and perfectly fecure harbours, near each other j they all grow gradually narrower from the entrance, fo that at the end there is fca-rcely room for a Angle veil'd to anchor. In the fifhing fcaion it is reforted to, by, at leaft, 10,000 peo- ple, on account of the fifhing- banks to the E. of this ifland, for here they cure the cod, which is carried, not only to England, but to alL parts of Europe, There is great plenty of venifon, filh, and fowls, but very little corn, fruit, or cattle upon which account the inha- bitants have* not only their clothes and furniture, but likewise their provifions, from England. in 1735, 292 P>ritilh jL 1 fiftiing NEW NE W . fifty ng veffels, and 85 Britifh trading ihips, carried off from hence 591,276 quintals. of fifh for foreign markets. In 1787, 14,000 feamen were thought to be employed in thefc fifhenqs. Neztjbrge, in Down, Ulfter. Newgate, Line, near Bofron. Ncw- G range, Yorkf. NW. of Leeds. New- JI all, Chefti. SE. of Stockport. Nez r- Malf, Chefti. W. of Lyme. New- Hall, Derbyftiire, near Mansfield. Naze- Hall, Eficx, near Ilarlow. New- Half, Ellex, 2 miles NE. of Chelmsford. Nezc-Hall, Edex, SE. of Malden. New- Hall, Herts, near Wadeimill. New- Hall, Lane. NW. of liochdale. New- Hall, Lancaf. near Warrington. Nezc-Hall, Lancaf. near Ormfkirk. Ndw-Hall, Warw. near Bir- mingham. New- Hall, Warw. S. of Sut- ton Colfield. Nezc-Hall, Yorkfhire, near Bar.nflcy. New- Hall, Yorkfhire, near Settle. Nezc-Hall, Yorklh. near Leeds. Newham , Northumb. N. of Ellingham. Newham Cumin, Northumb. in Vefey barony. Newhaven, Derbyftiire. New - haven, Kent, in Than, t Ille. Newfiaven, a fmall but populous town of Suffiex, feated at the mouth of the river Oufe. It has a little, though convenient harbour, indofed with timber piers, and a quay on the E. fide, and is 7 miles S. of Lewes, and 56 S. o'f London. Market difufed. Newhaven, a town of Connediicut, flouriihirtg with feveral kinds of manu- factures. It lies round the head of a bay, in Long Ifland Sound. Near the .centre of the town is the public fquare, which is encircled with rows of trees } and on it, or around it, are the public buildings, which are the ftate-houfe ; an univerfity, confiding of one col- lege, called Yale College ; a chapel; three churches for Congregationalifts ; and one for Episcopalians. Newhaven carries on a coniidcrable trade with New- ^ ovk, and the W. India iflands, and is 70 miles NNE. of New -York. Newhaven, a town and river in the State of Vermont. New-IIithe, Kent, N- of Mailing. House, Cornw. near Launcedon. New House, Middlcfex, NW. of Twick- enham. Newtek, Suflex, N. of Ificld. Newington, Kent, near blithe and Eolk- flon. Newington, Oxfordf. NE. ofDor- 'Chefrer. New in glen Bagpalh, Gloucelterf, 6 miles from 'J etbury. Newington Blos- svnville, Bucks, near Oulney. Nezc- ington Bulls, between Southwark and Lambeth, or WaKvorth, Newington Ciree/tj A'j iddlc-L; between Iflingt*q am] Newington Stoke, chiefly confiOing af a handfouie fquare, with a grafs plot in the middle. Newington L'ngville, Bucks, near Water Eaton. Newington Stoke, Middlefex, the fil'd village in the road from Shoreditch to Edmonton. It is ex- tremely populous. Nezcinham, Kent, 4 miles and a half SW. of Kaverfham. New Inn, Warwickf. near Birmingham. New Inn, in Galway, Connaught. New Inn, in Tipperary, M under. New Inn, or Nineteen Mile House, in Meath, Leinder, 19 miles from Leinder. Newkirk , Cumb. in Graydock parifh. Newland , Cumb. among the mountains, near the head of the Derwent. Newlafid , Dorfetfh. in Sherborn parifh. Newland, Dorfetfh. in Batcomb parifh. Newland, Gloucef. SE. of Monmouth. Ncwldnd , Kent, in Stoke parifli. Newland, War- wickfli. in Exhall parifli. Newland, Wor- cefterf. near Great Malvern. Newland, Yorkf. E. of Ilowden. Newland, Yorkf. N. of Hull. Newland, Yorkf. on th« Are, SW. of Ilowden. Newland, Y orkf. on the Caldcr, a little above Wakefield. Newlathes, Cumb. near Carlifle. Nczv~ lathes, Yorkfhire; N. of Barnefley. Neza- Leam, Camb. near Wifbcach. Newlin, Cornw. NW. of St. Michael’s. New- lin, Cornwall, within Mountfbay, near Penzance. Newlodge, Surry, SW. of Chertfey. Newmark. See Neumark. *N EWMARKET,a towm in Cambridge* ftiire, on the borders of Norfolk, con- fiding chiefly of one long well-built ftreet, i the N. fide in Suffolk, and the S. fido in j Cambridgefhire. It is chiedy celebrated for liorfe-races (its heath being the fined courfe in England), and the two meet- l ings. in April and Odiober, are the fird ; iii the kingdom, or, perhaps, the world, it is a great thoroughfare, in the road from London to Norfolk, and is fituated in a healthy air, 14 miles NNE. of Cam- bridge, and 60 N. by E. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Thurfday. Newmarket, a fmall town of Flint* {line, 4 miles NE. of St. Afaph. Newmeadow, Derbyftiire, in the High Peak. New- Mill, in Cork, Munder. Nexo* Mills, in Tyrone, Uider. Nezc-Mills, Gloucederfliire, in Stroud parifh. Newminstcr, Northumberland, near Morpeth. Newmoi’e, Cumberland,' near Carlifle. Newmore, Northumberl. in Bothal lordfhip. Newnd Park, Suflex, near Afhdown-Eoreft. Newnham, a town of Gloucedevfh, feated on die W. fide of tire Severn, ovc.f A ' which N E W which it has a ferry. It has to this day the fword of ftate which King John gave with their charter. It is 10 miles SW. of Gloucefter, and 112 WNW. of Lon- don. Market on Friday. Newnham , Hants, between Hartley- Row and Bafingftoke, Newuham , North- amptonfh. S. of Daventry. Newnham, Northumberl. S. of Bamburgh- Cattle. Newnham , SW.-of Shrewsbury. Newn- ham, Warwickfhire, a hamlet of Alton Cantilupe. JSewnham-Bridge, Worcef. NE. of Tenbury. Newnham Courtney , Oxfordf. near Chillehampton. Newnham Kingly Warwick!, on the Avon, op po- lite to Rugby. Newnham Paddox t Vv ar- wicklh. 5 miles from Rugby. Newnham Warrcriy Oxfordlhire, near Wallingford. Newnisy Shroplhire, SW. of Ellefmere. Newton- Long, Wilts, between Alhley and Brokenborough. New-Parky Glou- cefterfh. S. of Berkeley. New- Park, Huntingd. S.of Kimbolton. New-Park, Lane, near Ormlkirk. New-Park , Surry, between Kingtton and Richmond. It is one of the iinett parks in England, made in the reign of King Charles I. and enclofed with a brick wall 11 miles in compafs. New-Park , Wore, near Evelham. New Passage , a ferry on the Severn, 8 or 10 miles above Briftol, by which the mail is conveyed to Milford Haven. Ii is much fafer than the old paflage, called Aust Ferry , a mile or two above it. New -Place, Herts, SW. of Sawbridgworth.- •Newport, a town of Tipperary, in Munfter, 86 miles SW. of Dublin. Newport, a large well -frequented town of Hamplhire, in the Jfle of Wight, with a manufacture of ttarch. It is called in Latin, Medina, from whence the whole [ illand, on the E. and W. fides of it, is 1 called E. and W. Medina. It is fituated j almoft in the centre of the illand, on the river Cowes, (which falls 7 miles below it, into the fea, and which is navigable up to the quay here for fmall vefl'els), 6 miles S. of Cowes, and 91 SW. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. •Newport, a town in Shroplhire. It has a handfome free-fehool and a market- houfe ; and is 17 miles NE. of •Shrewlbury, and 140 NW. of London. Market on Saturday. ! Newport, a town of Monmonthlh. feated on the river Ulk, 4 miles from its mouth. It has a good harbour, whence it has its name j and is 19 miles SSW. of Monmouth, and 152 W. by N. c f Lon- don. Market on Saturday. | Newport, a town ®f Pern brokefb ire, NEW feated at the foot of a high hill, on the Nevern, a fine navigable river, at the bottom of a bay of the fame name, 18 miles NE. of St. David’s, and . 235 WNW. of London. Market on Sa- turday. Newport, a fmall village of Corn- wall, which fends two members to par- liament, 3 miles N. of Launcefton, and 214 W. by S. of London. Newport, a fea-port of N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of Rhode Illand. Its harbour, which is one of the fineft in the world, fpreads weftward before the town* which lies upon a gradual afeent, and ex- hibits a beautiful view from the water. It is 20 miles SE. from Providence. Newport, Devonlhire, one mile from Barnftaple. Newport , Gloucefterlh. in Berkeley parilh. Newport , ElVex, joins to Debden. The neighbouring fields produce great quantities of fafFron. Newport-Key , Yorldhire, on the /Fees, E. of Stockton. •Newport Pagnel, a town of, Buckinghamlbire, feated on a fmall river, which foon after falls into the Oufe. It is noted for the manufacture of bone- lace, for which it is a fort of ttaple ; and it. flourilhes conliderably on that account. It is 14 miles ENE. of Buckingham, 15 SSE. of Northampton, and 51 NNW. of London. A market on Wednefday for lace, and another, on Saturday for corn and provifions. Newport Pratt, a fea-port of Mayo, in Connaught, fituated on a river which runs into Clew Bay,' near its mouth. It is 8 miles W. of Caftlebar, and 123 NW. of Dublin. New River, a fine artificial ftream, brought from two fprings at Chadwell and Amwell, near Ware, in Hertfordfh. for the fupply of the metropolis with wa- ter. It was finifhed in 1613, by Sir Hugh Middleton, a rich citizen of London, who expended his whole fortune in the under- taking. This river, with all its wind- ings, is 38 miles and three quarters, and 16 poles long j and is under the manage • ment of a liouriftiing corporation, called the New-River Company. See Isling- ton and Amwell. Newry, aconfiderjtble town of Down, in Litter, fituated on the fide of a fteep hill, at the foot of which is the Newry- Water, having over it two ftone bridges, and there is a third bridge over a naviga- ble canal, open for veilets of 70' tons bur- den, by which it has a communication with Lough Neagh and Carlingford- JBav. Newry is fp much improved in L 1 2 its X E N X E W if S' (Tupping trade, buildings, and thclinen manid'aChi re, that it is now the lafgvft- town in the county. It is 49 miles N. oi Dublin. NeWsai7\ r York ill ire, near TIowden. News am, Y orkfh. in the parifh of Kirbv- on-the-Mounf. New scat v r Y orkfh. N \\ . ef Haven fworth Caftlc. Nezcsam, \ orkf. E. of Sling! by Caftlc. Nczcsam , Yorkf. near Kighlev. Nezcsam, Y orkf. Nk ' of Gifhorn. Newseils -Bury, Ilerts, near Hoyfron. News ham, Durham, on the Tees, 5 miles from Darlington, Bar- nard's Caftlc, and Richmond. News] unity Northivmb. N. of Seaton- Dela vale. Ntucsham- Ahftei/* Dine. NIC of Gland- ford- Bridge.. N e w s o l . See Neusol. Newsfed, Nottingham!?, in Popplewick parifh. Nezcstede, Lincolnf. between .Stamford sml : Utfkgton. Newstede, Tunc., in Axbo-hrr Me. Nezcthorp, Not- tingh. near Codnor-Caftle. Newfhdrp , Y orkfh. near Shell) or u. Nezolimber, Suif x, E. of Sterling. N e w 'r o N , a l’mal 1 town? of Ltrn cafh . communicating with, all the 1 tvtc inland nari gat ions. It is b miles N. of War- ning-tony and 190 NW . of London,’ Market on Saturday. Bairs on Auguft *i l gnd May i7, Newton, a town of Montgomery!}), in N. Wales, feated on the r.ivcr Severn, frading-an flannels. It is 7 miles SW. of Montgomery; ami 1(79 WNV\ . of Lon- don; Market on Toefday. N k w TON, a town of Ifampfhire, in the Me of Wight. Its creek, or haven* at high water, is able to receive veflels of 500 tons burden, and affords the belt fe- ciirity for (Kipping of any in the ifland. It is 1 1 miles S. of Southampton, and miles W. by S. of London. Market mifoied. » Newton , BerkfTii re, near Ilungerford. Nczcton, in Ilawkfion parifh, 4 miles from Cambridge. Newton , Camb. irear W ilbeach. Newton, near Chefler. New- ton, Che (hire, near Middlewieh. Acrr- ioti, Chcfhire, NE. of Stockport. Nczc- tVn, Chefhire, near Mai pas. Newton, Chcfhire, near Tlylc Lake. Newton, Chcfhire, near 1 attcnliall. N czcton, (,’umb. near Solway frith. Nczcton, Cumb. in Englewood Bored, near Pen- rith. Newton, Devon!'. K. of Biddil'ord. Ne:: ton, Dorfetfhire, in the Me of Puf- fieck, in Stndland -parifh. Nczcton , Dun- ham, NW. of Darlington; Newton , mi sft Great Dunmow parifh. Newton, (da m organ!, between Cowbridgc and Lde. ‘Newton, Lamp (hire, NYY, of King's- Clear. Newton, Ifampfhiie, ST?, of Alton. Newton, Ucref. near BromM yard. Newton, Heref. SE. of Leomin- ftcr. Newton , Lane. 1 mile S. of Biirk- hajn. NaotSn, Lame. N. of the Ken* Sands. Newton, Lane. NE. of Man- chefter. Newton , Lancaf. N. of Hornby Cafrle. Newton, Leiceherf. S. of A fh by- de-la- Zouch. Nezvloti, Lincolnf. near Bokmgham. New ton, Lincolnf. between Gedncy-Fcn and Cambridgefhire. Ak&>-7 ton, Norfolk, near Windham. Newton,' Norfolk, near Caftle-Acre, and South- Acre. Newt&ti , Northamp. 1 mile from Gcddriigton. Newton, Northamp. 2 miles from A r chefler. Newton, NorthumA berland, SW. of Iiothbrrrv. Newton , Northmnb. W. of Morpeth. New ion , Nottingh. E. of Chefterfield. Nczcton, Gloueefierf. in Rockingham pariih. Nczc- ton, Shropshire, near W elehompton. Newton, Shropfh. S. of We in. Newton Shroylli. in Slirewfbury Liberty. Nczcton * , Stiff, near Biithfield. Nczcton, Suffolk,' near Sudbury. Nczcton, Warw. near Seckington. Newton, Warw. NE. of Rugby. Newton, Wilts, NW. of Sa- , lifhnry. Nczcton, Yorkf. Bk of Bedal.i' Nerototr, Yorkf hi re, S. of Eafin gwoukl.; I Newton , Yorkfhire, NE. of Stokefleyij ■ Newton, V orkf. near CoriffaSle-BurtonvJ Newton, Yorkfhire, N. of Pickering/ Nczcton, Yorkf. W. Riding, in Bowl and-.' Bored. Newton, Yorkf. N. of Leeds; Nczcton, Yorkfhire, SE. of Wetherby: Newton- Abbot, Devon fh ire. New tors**:- Archdeacon, Durham, NW. of Darling-^ ton. Newton- Bagpeth, Glouceft. mar. Tetbury. Nation- Bank, Yorkfhire, in, 1 Gay grave parifh. Newton- Beaulieu, Dur- ham, near Gotham. Nczcton Breda, in Down, Lifter. • Newton -Bur del, Leiccfterf. Nik of Billeldon. Newton-Bushel, a large, but meanly built town in Devonfhire, feated” on the river Tc’gn, 15 miles S. by W ►' of Exeter, and 188 \Y SW . of London. Market on Wedrtefday. Nczcton- Chapel, Chefh.N. of Prefflmry. Nezct 07i- Co/d, Leicefferfhire near Aihliv- Folville. Nczcton- Dale, Yorkfhire, N. of Pickering. Nczcton, East, Y orkfh. on the coaft ik of Burton- C’onflable. New-, ton. East, Y orkfh. near Rydal. A ewloiL- Ferrers, Cornw. E. of Let hard. JSczcton- Ferris, Dt-vonf. SE. of Plymouth, near Lollicrton. Nczcton Friers, Devon fh. near Crediton. Nczcton- 1 /ail, Northumh. by Ov’mgham. Nczcton - pla ft, Y orkfh. 1 Ik of New Mahan. Newton-Halt, Y orkf.' near Ripley. A ezclou-JfansA, Durham* X E vr X I A T.'car Rrantoft. Newton- IlarcourL Lei- cefterlh. SWA. of Bilfdon. Newton- in- Mackerfield, or the Willows, Lancafhire, between Warrington and W igan. New- ion-kings, Derby'fhirc, near Repton. Netdon-Kirk, Northamb. N. ofCheviot- II ills. Newton- K>/ me, Yorkf. near Tad- cafter. Newton- Long, Durhaui, near Cotham. N reton- Long, Wilts, near Malmiburv. Newton- Lore, N. of Dur- i ham. Newton- Maiden,' Dorfetf. NW. | of Frampton. Newton- Merrit, \ orkfh. | near Stapleton, on the Tees. Newtcri- Mulgtuive, Yorkth. NW. of "Whitby. Newton- Order, Yorkf. in lToldernefs. Xez don-Petrock, Devonf. near Milton. Norton- P ever el, Dortetfh. near Sturmin- ■fter-Marfiiall. New-, ton- Poplar, Devonf. near Sidmouth. Nehtton- Pur sell, Ox- fordfhirc, SE. of Mixbury. Newton- Regny, Cumberland, near Penrith. New- ion, St. Lore, Somcrfetih. between Bath -and Pensford. Newt on S&lnei/, Derby f. on the Dove, near Repton. Nezcion, South, Devonfhire, near Exmouth-Bar. Newton-Staci/, Hampth. E. of Andover. N £ WTO N S T E W A R T, a tO WU O f VV i g- 1 tonlhire, in Scotland, (ituated on the river Ciee, which is navigable for frnall vofiels to within it miles of the town. There is a handlbme bridge over this i river, whole mouth, in Wigton Bay, affords a valuable falmon-fifliery ; and Several manufactures have been com- menced here with fuccefe. It is 6 miles N. of W'igton. ■ Xeuton-Totii/i Wilts, SE. of Ambref- bury. Newt on - T racy., Devon (hi re, near j liiddiford. Newton-npoii- Derwent, Yorkf. TV. of Pocklington. Newton-uport- Ouse, Yorkf. SE. of Boroughbridge. ! Newton- Ik at er, Huntingdonlh. SE. of Stibinton. Newlon-lTdd x Herefordshire, near Pembridge-Caftle. Newton- Well, Yorkfh. in Newton- Dale. Newton, IVdst, i Cum!).. 2 miles E. of Alleniiy. Newton, West, Norfolk, near Sandringham. New-' I ion, West , Northumberland, hear Kirk- I Newton. Newton, West, Somerfietfhire, S. of Bridgewater. Newton, West, Yorkfhire, near Burton Conftable. New- r ton, Wood, Northauiptonjfhire, near l'o- j theringay. »• I Newtown , in Leitrim, Connaught. | Newtown, in Sligo, Connaught. New- [ town, in V* aterford, M under. | Newtown, in Renfrew(h. S. of Paifley, noted for feve-ral large print-fields. New- town, Cm mb. near Seal by- C aft le. New- .Durham, N. of Darlington. New - j town, Leicefterlh. near Grobv. Newtown p \ Durham, N. of Sandedawd NewUrwu y Northumberland, SW. of Alnwick-, Newtown, Northumberland, NW. of Rothbury. *N e wt o w n - A r n e s, a town of Down in Lifter, in reptiteTor the manufacture of its fine -diaper, . and other linen, it is agreeablv feated on the northern point of the Lake of Strati gford, which, at 'low wafer, affords a fine level firand for many miles, and, at high water, is na- vigable, the tide flowing up as far as the town. It is 9 miles E. of Bel fait, and 87 N. of Dublin. Nezctown, Barr>/, in Wexford, Lei li- fter. AY down-ljpttew, in Galway, Con- naught. Newtown- Butler, in Fermanagh, Lifter. Newtown-Cunningham, in Do- negal, Lifter. Newtown- For/tes', in Longford, Leinfter. Nerdvwn-G'hxis, in Antrim, Lifter. Nczdown-Gore, in Lei- trim, C o n n a n ght. Nets 'too tt- Ha mil to n r in Armagh, Lifter. ' ■ *Newtown, ‘Mount Kennedy, a town of W icklow, in Leinfter, 17 mile> from Dublin. *NEVv r TO N-blMAVADY, a town of Derry, in Lifter, 106 miles NNVv . of Dublin. Newtown Seed lie, in Tyrone, Lifter. Newtown Stewart, in Tyrone, Lifter. Newt ran, Eifex, E. of Clave-ring. AN- Wear, Monmouthlhire. Here is the fineft profpect on the Wye. - Newwodd-IIouses, Shropf. Ik of Whitchurch. Newwork, Gloikcefterlh. nedr W ot t o n- u n d c.r- E d get New- Year’s Islands, fmall iftands on the N. fide of Stuten-Land, in the S. Atlantic Ocean. Great numbers of fea lions, fieals, and a fpccies of vultures, refort to tfrefe iftands, together with alba- troiies, large petrels, and penguins. Lai. '54. 46» S. Ion. 54. 20. W, N E.Y LAND. See N A Y L A N D . A ei /land, Norfolk, near Wremngha-m. Niagara, a river of N. America, which forms the communication between Lake Ene and Lake Ontario, and runs from S. to N. about 30 miles. At the entrance of this river, on its eafrern (ho re, on the S. fide of Lake Ontario, is Port Niagara, (in lat. 43. 14. N. and Ion. 79. W.) about 18 miles N, from which' are thole remarkable falls which are reckoned among the greateft natural curiofitics in the world. The waters which (apply the river Niagara, rife near 2000 miles to the NW. and priding through the Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie, receiving, in their comic, conftant ac- cumulations, rufh, at laft, with afiomihing grandeur, down a ftupendous precipice of 1 50 feet pcrpeadicmluJ j and inn llrbng l 3 rapid. NIC NIC rapid, that extends to tvlie diftance of about 9 miles below, fall nearly as much more. The river then lofes itfelf in Lake On- tario. When the water flrikes the hot- ton), it rebounds to a great height in the air, occafioninga thick cloud of vapours, on which the fun, when it Ihines, paints a beautiful rainbow. Nibiano, a town of Piacenza, Italy. Nibley , Gloucefterfh. in Weller lei gh parilh. Nibley , Gloucefterlhire, 2 miles from Wotton- under- Edge. Nibthwaile , Lancalh. in Furnefs- Fells. Nicaragua, a maritime province of Mexico, in the audience of Guatimala, bounded on the N. by Flonduras, on the E. by the Atlantic Ocean, on the SE. by Colia-Rica, and on the SW. by the S. Sea ; being 400 miles in length from E. ‘to W. and 120 in breadth from N. to S. It is conlidered as the garden of Mexico, and is well watered by lakes and rivers. The air iswholefome and temperate; and this country produces plenty of fugar, cochineal, and fine chocolate, but little wheat. It abounds in black cattle and hogs, but fh'eep are fcarce. Leon de Ni- caragua, the capital, is lituated on the S. fide of the lake fo called, near the Pacific Ocean, in lat. 112. 2. N. Ion. 85. 40. W. Nicaragua, a lake of New Spain, in the province of the fame name, 200 miles in circumference. It has fome iflands in it, and ftretching from the city of Leon NW. to SE. communicates with the Atlantic Ocean by the river St. Juan, called alfo Nicaragua. It is full of fifh, but in felled with crocodiles. Nicaria, an ifland of the Archi- pelago, between Samos and Tine, 18 miles long, and 3 wide. It was anciently called Icaria, and is full of rocks; in the caverns of which the poor inhabitants make their abode. Thefe people are of the Greek church, and about 3000 in number. They apply themlelves to fwimming and diving for fponges, and for goods loft by fhipwrcck. “ The jdcheft men in the ifland,” fays Thevenol, **■ give their daughters to the bell divers, who are tried before the maid and her father ; and he who remains longeft under water, wins her.” “ The wo- men,” he adds, “ have the afeendenev ; and as foori as the hulband arrives from any place, in his boat, the wife goes to the fea-fide, takes the oars, and carries them home ; after which the hufband can difpofe of nothing without her permif- fion.” Lat. 37. N. Ion. 2G. 4. E. Nic astro, a town of Calabria Ultra. Nice, a county of Italy, (but on thtf French fide of the Alps,) bounded on the W. by the ci-devant Provence ; on the N. by Piedmont : on the E. by. Piedmont alfo, and the territories of Ge- noa ; and on the S: by the Mediterranean. It is 36 miles long, 18 broad, and con- tains about 120,000 inhabitants. Nice, an ancient and confiderable fea-port, on the confines of France and Italy, capital of the county of the lame ' name, lately under the protedlion of the ! king of .Sardinia, but in 1792, united j with the French republic. It is very agreeably lituated, on a fharp rock, with a flrong citadel, at the mouth of the river Pagliou, 4 miles from the river Vor, 83 miles S. by,W. of Turin, and 8S'E. of Aix. Lat. 43. 42.' N. Ion. 7. 23. E. Nice. See Isnic. NichabUrg, a town of Chorafan, Perfia, famous for a mine of turquois Hones near it, 30 miles S. of Mefched. Nicholas, St. a town in the dept, of Mcurthe, feated on the river Meurthe, 6 miles SE. of Nancy. Nicholas , St. Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Nicholas, St. Yorkfhire, near Richmond. Nicholas , St. near York.. Nicholas, St. Kent, in the Ifle of Thanet. Nicholas , St. Devonlhire, an ifland of about three acres in extent, jufl before the mouth of Plymouth-Flarbour. It is flrong both by nature and art, having a caflle that commands the entrance to Ha- moaze and Catwater. Nicholas, SU Giamorganfhire. Nicholas- Atwood, St a Kent, near Ramfgate. i NichOlseurg, a town of Brunn, Moravia, 22 miles S. of Brunn. Nicobar Islands, lituated to the, NW. of Sumatra, at the entrance of tl\e Gulf of Bengal. The natives are tall and adfive, with long faces, black eyes, 1 flack lank hair, and dark copper.- coloured Iki ns. They are excellent, fwimmers, and fome- times will overtake Ihips under fail. They have no corn, but a fruit which fervesl them inflead of bread, and they catch! plenty of fifh. They are ready to fupplyU the Ihips that flop there with provilionsj for they have hogs and poultry enough ;l and, in return, they take iron, linen, and! tobacco. Tfie largcft of $hefe iflands, I which gives name to the reft, is about! 40 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. Its fouth end i§ ip lat. 8- 0. N. lop. 1 94. 23, E. Nicolas, St. one of the mofl con-lj fiderable of the Cape-de-Verd lfland$»| lying between St. Lucia and St. Jago. It! is of a triapgglaf figure, and about 99j| niil^H N I I) miles in circumference. The centre is mountainous and (tony, and the coafts are barren. The inhabitants, who are black or copper coloured, under the direc- tion of a Portuguese Prieft, are about 1500 in number. Lat. 16. 32. N. Ion. £4. 6. W. Nicolo, St. the mod confiderable and beft peopled of the Hies of Tremiti, in the Gulf of Venice, about 12 miles from the coaft of Italy. It has a har- bour, and is in lat. 42. 10. N. Ion. 15. 37. E. Nicomedia, a town of Natolia, now called Is Nikmid, or Schmit; fuppofed to be the ancient capital of Bithynia. It was formerly very large, as appears by the ruins, and now contains 30,000 inhabitants; who co nil ft of Greeks, Armenians, and Turks. It is frill a place of con'fequence, and carries on a trade in filk, cotton, glafs, and earthen -ware. It is the fee of a Greek archbifhop, and is fituated on a bay of the fea of Marmora, 45 miles ESP. of Conftantinople. Nicopoli, a town of Bulgaria, 164 miles N\\ . of Adrianople. Nicopoli, orGLANicH, a town of Armenia, 15 mil£s S. of Erzerum. Nicosia, a town of Alia, capital of Cyprus, feated within a chain of moun- tains, which furround it on all fides, m the centre of the ifland. It is about 3 miles in circumference ; and there are plantations of olives, almonds, lemons, oranges, mulberries, and cyprefs-trees, interfperfed among the houfes, which give the town a rural appearance. Under the family of the Lufignans, Nicofia was the royal refidcncs and an archiepif- copal fee; it contained 300 churches, Greek and Latin, and a great number of palaces and public buildings, the ruinous remainsof which atteft its greatnefs’in that and former ages. The church of St. So- phia is a beautiful Greek flrudhire, which the Turks have turned into a mofque. Here the kings of Cyprus were formerly crowned- It is 100 miles SW. of Alep- po. Lat. 35. 12. N.- Ion. 34. 45. E. Nicotera, a town of Calabria Ultra. Ni c o Y a, a town o f Coda Hi ca, M exi co, fituated on the coaft of the S. Sea, at the bottom of a bay, 45 miles SE. of Nica- ragua. Lat. 10. 42. N. Ion. 85. 7. W. Nid, Yorkfhire, W. Riding, near Ilipley. Nid aw, or NiDOW.a handfome town and bailiwick of Bern, Swillcrland. Niderdale , Yorkfh. the valley through which the river Nid runs from the bottom tf Craven Hills to Ripley ; it afterwards N I G paftes by Knarcfborough, and runs into the Oule about 7 miles above Y ork. Nie3La, a town of Seville, An- dal iilia. Niemecz, a ftrong town of Moldavia. Niemen, a large river, which riles in the palatinate of Minik, Lithuania, and empties itfelf into the Curifch Haft'. Niensurg, atownof Berg; a town of M uniter ; and a town of Hoya ; all in Weltplialia: and a town of Anhalt-Co- then. Upper Saxony Nienhus, a tovyn of Bentheim, Weft- phalia. Njeper. See Dnieper. Niester. See Dniester. Nieuhaus, a town of Bcchin, in Bohemia ; a town of Worms, Upper Rhine; and a town of Padeborn, in Weftphalia. Ni e u p o R t, a fea- port of the ci- devan t Auftrian Flanders, fituated on a branch of the Yperlcc, 3 miles SSW. of Oftend. The harbour is dry at low water. The chief trade of the inhabitants, who are principally filhcrmen, is the making of nets and cordage for vcllels. Niger, a river, fuppofed to be one of the largeit in Africa. Its rife and termi- nation are unknown ; but its courfe is fa id to be from E. to W. running S. of the kingdom of Calhna tdward Tombuc- too, in the fands of which country it is fuppofed to be loft ; but others account the great rivers Senegal, Gambia, and Rio Grande, to beonly fo many blanches or mouths, whereby this vaft river dil- charges itfelf into the Atlantic. The Africans have two names for this river; namely, Neel il Abeed, or River of the Negroes, and Neel il Kibeer, or the Great River. They alfo term the Nile* Neel Shem ; that is, the Eg 7 ptian River; fo that the term Ned, whence our Nile is derived, is nothing more than the ap- pellative of River, like Ganges, or Sinde. So great is the rapidity with which the Niger traverlcs the empire of Calhna, that no vefiel can afeend the ftreain ; and Rich is the want of (kill, or of commer- cial inducements, among the inhabitants of its borders, that even with the current, neither veflels nor boats are feen to na- vigate. Even the food, which the bounty of the river would give, is in vain of- fered to their acceptance ; for fucli is the want of (kill, or fucli the fetfled diflike of the people to this fort of provilions* that the fifii are never difturbed. In the rainy feafon, the Niger 1 wells above its banks, floods the adjacent lands, and often (weeps before it tlw cattle and cot. L l 4 N I L ' tagcs of the (hort-fighted, or too-eon- fident inhabitants. Niger, a river in Norfolk, running in to the lea at Clay. Nigh/on, Tile of Yv ight, in E. IMedina. Niglilon, St. Cornwall, SE. of Leftwi thick Nik oping, a i own of Denmark, ca- pital of thcillandof Falficr, or Uulftcr, in the Baltic, bb miles SS\Y. of Copen- hagen. Nik oping, a town of Sweden, for- merly the residence of the kings and princes of Sudermania, and now capital of that province. It has fo'me manufac- tures of cloth and morocca leather, a brals hammer- mill, and a conliderable trade by fea. It is feated near the Baltic, 50 miles SW. of Stockholm. Niland , Upper and Lower, Dorlctfh. Bear Great Kington. Nile, a great river of Africa, which rifes in the mountains of Abyftinia, called the Mountains oj the Moon, near the village of Geelh, in lat. 10. 59. N. Ion. 5G. bo. E. It runs firlt NE. after- ward turns directly E. and enters the great lake Dambia or Dembia, running through it, and, palling among the r.ocks, the light of it is almoft loll. Then it erodes the country of Nubia, and enters Egypt at Syenc, which country it divides into two parts : a little below Cairo, it divides itfelf into two great branches, which, with the Mediterranean Sea, forms the Bland of Delta. The ancients rec- koned eleven mouths of the Nile, of which feven were conliderable ; but at prelent there are only two that are navi- gable at all times ; and thefe are at Ro- fetta and Damietta. In tbemiddle of this river, between Old Cairo and G’ize, is Rated the Bland of Riioudu, w hich is almoft as long as Old Cairo. It is 500 paces in breadth in the middle ; and the front of the Mekias, or Nilometer, a w r ork of the Saracens, takes up all the breadth of the feuthern part. 1 1 ere they obferve, every day, by means of a gra- duated column, (eredted in the centre of a low chamber, its Bottom being level with the bed of the Nile) the increafe or deercafe of the waters of that river, and fh.cn eg the public criers regulate the pro- ’clnmations they make of thefe events, at different hours, through the city. In ionic parts of this river theie are rocks, whence the water falls' feveral feet, and thefeare called the cataracts of the Nile, Tt overflows regularly every year, from the ipth of June to the 17th ol’ Septem- ber, when it begins to deercafe l'hp fertility of Egypt depends upon the over- N I M flowing of the Nile; and they reckon it will be a bad year when it is lefs than 14 cubits, and above 18 ; but that 16 cubits is the proper height ; and when this happens, they make public rejoicings throughout the Delta. This river affords plenty of fifh, and breeds a great number of crocodiles, which are very large and dangerous. The Delta, or Lower Egypt, is always overflowed ; and when the waters are almoft gone oft) they few it with rice, which delights in watery grounds. During the inundation, the little towns, handing upon eminences, look like fo many iftands ; and they go from one to the other by boats. In Cairo there is a canal called Khalis, which is opened when the water is high enough ; thence it is conveyed into refervoirs and ciflerns, and is afterward diltributed into the fields and gardens, as oecafion re- quires. This inundation of the Nile is catjfed by the periodical rains which hill every year between the tropics, and more particularly in Abyflinia. Off the mouth of this river, Auguft 1, 1798, R ea Admiral Sir Horatio Nelfon took, or de» itrpyed, a French fleet of 15 fail of the line and 2 frigates. The Britifh fleet confifted of thirteen 74-gun fliips and one of 50 guns : in the French line of battle were 1 of 120 guns, the L'Orient, Ad- miral Brucys, burnt and blown up, 5 of 80 guns, 9 of 74, and four frigates. 1 be Frenclnarmament was directed againft Egypt, where General Buonaparte had prcvioufly landed with a confidprable mi- litary force, Nimeguen, a town of the United Provinces, capital of Dutch Gueldcrlandj and the chief town of the country of JJe/ewc. It has a magnificent tow n-houfe. a citadel, and ah ancient palace, and is noted for the peace concluded here, June 50, ](378, between France and the Em- peror, Spain and the United Provinces. It is feated on the S. fide of the river M ajial, 5-5 miles SE. of Utrecht. Nim- flail, Herts, near Bell-Bar. Niwps/icld, GlouceiVerfh. 4 miles NE. of Dudley. Ximpo, or Ningpo, a fea-port of China, in the province of C hekiang, It is a city of the firft rank, and is called by Europeans, Liampo. The itreets are very narrow, and appear more fo on account of penthoufes over the ihops. '1 lie Chinefe merchants of Siam and Batavia go thither yearly to buy filks; and they have a great trade to japan, it being but two days fail diftapt from it. It is fituated in a plain, which rciembles a garde# N I S garden for its leyclnefs, and cultivation : it is full of towns and houfes, and di- vided by a threat number of canals. Lat. 30. 0. N. Ion. tab. 50. E. Ninc-Churches , Weftmoreland, on the river Elmot, NE. of Penrith. Ni/ic- . Wile- Clouse, in Tipperary, Mun- fier. Niue- Mile- House, in 'Tyrone, L’l- Hcr, between Dungannon and Omagh. Ninel ecu- 1 1 He- House, i n Kildare, Leinfier. Ninkenholl, Hampfti. NW! of Whit- church. Ninove, a town of Flanders county, (Ituatcd on the Dcnder. Nvuc'icky Northumb. in Simondfburn parifli. Nio, an ifiand in the Archipelago, anciently called Ino, Ios, and Dios,) S. of Naxia, about 30 miles in circum- ference. It is fertile in corn, but lias very little wood or oil. “ The regular manners and behaviour of tliefe iflaoders, one among another,” fays the Count de Choill’eul Gouffier, “ with their kind treatment of it rangers, revives an idea of thelimplicitw of primitiveages. Men, wo- men, and children, appear eager to do any good offices for travellers, without per- mitting their fervants to lharc in their endeavours. This benevolent difpofition is without any mixture of impertinent curiofity or intdreft, but is the genuine remains of ancient hofpitality. An in- genious gentleman, who was lately on the ifiand, experienced the truth of this reprefentadon. He could not prevail on any of them to accept die leaf! pecuniary recompence for their trouble ; they only required an atteflation of the welcome he received ; their character in this tefpecl feeming to be what tliefe honeft people chiefly prided thcmielves in. 'J'be ifiand has fome good harbours. Lat. 36. 43. N. Ion. 2b. 3b. YV. Niort, a considerable town in the department of the Two Sevres, with ma- nufactures of druggets, Lrg.es, and other coarfe woollen goods. Their dry fweet- mcats are much efteeined. It is 58 miles .NE. of Rochelle. Niphon, or Hiphon, an ifiand of Afia, and the largcft of Japan, being GOO miles in length, and from 150 to 400 in breadth, containing 55 provinces. The principal cities in this ifiand arc Mcaco, Jeddo, Ofacca, Gurunga, and Saccai. Nishnei Novogorod, or NWhgo- ROD, a populous town of Ruffia, with a confiderable trade, capital of the go- vernment of the lame name. As it was the appendage and place of refid unce of n.i v the ancient Ruffian princes, many of them lie buried here. It is fcated at the con Hit - ence of the \ 61 ga and Occa, 550 miles E. !>y N. of Mofcow. Lat. 5.6. 18. N, Ion. 46. 30. E. Nisibin, a town of Diarbekir, fituated on the Tigris, 78 miles SSE. of Di- arbe k. Nisida, a fmall ifiand in the Gulf of- Naples, very fertile, (being a kind of large garden, laid out in Hopes and ter- races) and would be more -lb but for the great number of rabbits, it has a fmall harbour, called Porto Pavone, and on a neighbouring rodk Hands a lazaretto* where fhips bound for Naples perform quarantine. . Nismes, an ancient, large, and flou- riffiing town, capital of the dept, of Gard. There are ieveral monuments. of antiquity, a public fountain, a mauio- leum, and an amphitheatre, built by the Romans. The maifon-quarree, or the fquare Houle, is a temple of the Corin- thian order, in exquifite tafte, railed by the inhabitants of Ni fines, in the year of Rome 754, to the memory of Caius and Lucius, Ions of Agrippa. The tem- ple of Diana is, in part, gone to ruin. This city was taken by the Englifh. in 1417. Before the revolution, it was the fee of a biffiop, amfi contained a femi- narv, a college, an academy of ancient hiftory and belles lettres, and about 40,090 inhabitants, of whom one third was fuppofed to be Proteftants. It is fcated in a fine plain, abounding in wine, oil, game, and cattle, 2 7 miles NE. of Montpellier. Nissa, a town in Servia, fituated on a river of the fame name. Nith, a river of Dumfriesfliirc, which rifes in the mountains to the NW”. (fome fay in Ayrfhire.) and gives the name of Nithfdale to that part of the country through which it flows., A little above Dumfries, it joins the Cairn, and their united ftreams form a fine efiuary in Sol- way Frith. - Nitria, a famous defert of Egypt, 37 miles in length, bounded on the N. by the Mediterranean, on the E. by the Nile, on the S. by the Defert of Seta, and on the VV.by St. Hilarion. ft had formerly a great number of me naileries, which are now reduced to four ; and it takes its name from a fait lake, . out* of which is got the natnrm of the an- cients, in which they carry on agrc.it trade, Nivhlle, a town of the late Andrian Brabant, having a go d manufacture of cambricks. It is 15 miles S. of ILulIeis NlVEICNOiS 0 N O K ’’Nivernois, a ci-devant province of 'France, it is pretty fertile, contains mines of iron, ami is watered by a great number of rivers, of which the Loire, Allicr, and Yonne, are the principal. It is now chiefly in the depts. of Nievre and Yonne. Niti'cgal , Pcmbrokcf. in S. Wales. Nixasoer, or Iran, a town of Ko- rafan, in Perfia, near which is a celebrated mine of turquoifes. The fword-blades made here are efteemed the heft in Perfia. Nixapa, a town of Guaxaca, Mexico, 50 miles SE. of Antequera. , Nizza-della-Paglia, a town of Montferrat, 14 miles SE. of Afti. Noailles, a town in the refpective departments of Vienne and Oife. Noanagur, a confiderable town of Hindooffnn,' capital of a diftricl, on the S. coafl of the Gulf of Cutch, in G\j- zerat. ft is inhabited by a piratical tribe, called Sangarians, who cruile for mer- chant {hips as far as the entrance of the Gulf of Perfia, and is 1G0 miles SW. of Amadabad. Nobber , in Meath, Leinfter. Nobock, Northumberl. near Hexham. Nobould, S, of Sbrcwfbury. Nocera, a town of Spoletto, in Italy. Nocera-delh-Pagani, a town of Calabria Citra. Nocton , near Lincoln. Nocturam , Chefhirc, in Woodchurchparifb. Nog ent, a town in the refpedfive "departments of Eure, Upper Marne, Lciret, and Sarte. Nog-ent-sur-Marne, a town in the department of- Paris, 6 miles ESE. of Faris. Nogent-sur-Seine, a town in the dept, of Aube, feated on the river Seine,’ 25 miles NW. of Troyes. NoGENT-LE-RoTRCu,a town in the dept, of Eure and Loire, feated on the jriver Huifne, 35 miles NE. of Mans. Nohavel, in Cork, M uniter. Noir Cape, a cape at the W. extre- mity of Terra del Fuego, in S. America. Lat. 54. 30. S. Ion. 73. 13. W. Noirmotier, a town in the depart, of La Vendee, with a harbour and bay on its E. coafr, capital of an ifland of the fame name, which lies in the S. entrance of the river Loire, 17 miles in length, and 8 in breadth •: it is full of bogs, and yet there are good pafturcs, Noke, Glouc. in Church-Down parilh. A 7 okc, Herefordf. near Pembridge. Noke , Oxfordfhire, nearlllip. Nok chill, Eflcx, pear Burntwood. Noke boll, Kent, NW. pi Seyenoakg. tf O R Kola, an ancient town of Layers, Naples, where Augufius died, and where bells are faid to have been firfi made. r I'hc filk fpirn here and in the lteighhour- hood, is much efttemed. Noli, a hilling town of Genoa, with a good harbour, 30 miles SW. of Genoa. I Nomaii s-Land, Herts, W. of Hatfield. Noman s-Land, Middlefex, between Ful- ham and Hammerfmith. Noman's- Moor, Yorklh. N. of Malham. Nome re- de-Dios, a town of Darien, fituated at the bottom of a bay to which it gives name, 30 miles E. of Porto-Bello. No mb re-de-Dios, a populous town of Zacatecas, in Mexico. No me ny, a town in the department of Mcurthe, feated on the river Sellc, 15 miles N. of Nancy. Non, or Nun Cape, a promontory of Morocco, oppolite to Forteventura, one of the Canary lllands. Lat. 28. 20. N. Ion. 10. 30. W. Nona, a fca-porl of the late Venetian Dalmatia, with a good harbour, ftrongly fortified. Noninton , Kent, 5 miles SW. of Sand- ; with. Nonmonkton, Yorkf. E. of Knarefv borough. Nonsuch, Surry, near Sutton and Epfom, formerly called Cuddington, i till a magnificent palace was erc61ed here by Henry VIII. Charles II. gave it to the Duchefs of Cleveland, who pulled it down, and fold the materials. Nony- dc -la- Mare, Somerf. 2 miles SW. of . Fro me. Noorden, a fea-port of E. Fricfland, { 15 miles N. of Emden. NooTka. See King George’s i Sound. Nopton, Nor thumb, near Shields. No- berry, Wo reef, near Inkborougb. No- i bery. Lane, in Amoundcrnefs. Noborti , Kent, S. of Sandwich. Nprborow, Leic. E. of Ilinckley. Norbrook, Dorfetf. in Purl>eck Tile, N. of Swanwich. Norbury , Derhyf. SW. of Alhburn. Norbury , Chefhirc, SE. of Stockport. Norbury , Chefhire, near a lake, NE. of Malpas, Norbury, Shropfli. near Bifhop's-Caftle. Norbury, Staffordfh. SW. of Ecclefhal. Norbury, Surry, near Leathcrhead. Nor- bury- Booths, Chefhire, near Stopford. Norcia, a city of Spoletto, Italy, go- verned by its own magiftrates. Norcdt, Berks, near Abingdon. Nor- cot, Middlefex, near 1 Southqld. Norden. See Noorden. Nordgaw. See Upper Palati- nate of Bavaria. Nord hausen, an imperial town of IvPYv’Cr Saxony, 38 njiics N. of Erfurt. NORDii^I^ * N O R NOR Nordheim. SccNortheim. Nordiham , or Northiam , Sullex, near Ewhurfi, in Surry. Nordkioping, a large inland town of Eaft Gothland, Sweden, next to Stockholm in extent. It contains 5 churches, and about 10,000 inhabitants, but the houfes are 1’rnall and feattered. Its fituation on the Motalais exceedingly piclurefque. That river flows through the town, forms a feries of cataracls, and is divided into four principal dreams, which encircle fevcral rocky iflands, co- vered with houfes and manufactories. At the extremity of the town is a new and commodious quay. Here are many fabrics of woollen cloth, fome fugar- houfes, one of fnuir, fevcral paper-mills, 50 mills for grinding corn, 2 copper- mills, and a hammer- mill for brafs. Corn is exported hence in great quantities; and a falmon fifhery gives employment and riches to many of the inhabitants. Nordkioping is 76 miles SYV. of Stock- holm. NoRDLAND,alarge diftridlof Sweden, containing 9 towns, -and 7 provinces, viz. Geflricia, H&lfingia, Medelpadia, Jeinpt- erland, Angermania, Weft Bothnia, and Herjedalia. Nordlingen, or Norlingen, an imperial tow r n of Suabia, on the Eger. * Nordon , Dorfetfh. 1 mile N. of Corfe, noted for its fine tobacco-pipe clay. Nord strand, an illand on the W. coaftof Slelwick, about 36 miles long and 15 wide. Tat. 54. 33. N. Nardy , or Nor thy Chapel, Suflex, near Pc venfey Haven. No re, Surry, SE. of Godalmin. No re River, in Waterford, Munfter, pafles by Kilkenny, and falls into the Bar- row, two miles N. of Rofs. Norfolk, a county of England, bounded on theN. and E. by the German Ocean; on the W. by Cambridgeftiire, Lincolnfttire, and the Walh; and on the S. and SE. by Suflolk. It extends about 60 miles from E. to W. and 40 from N. to S. It contains 33 hundreds, 1 city, 32 market- towns, 660 pariflies, and about 220,000 inhabitants. The face of this county varies lefs than in moft tracts of equal extent in England. Not one hill of any ccnflderable height is to be feen in the whole county ; yet, in moft parts, its furface is broken into gentle fwells and depreflions. The foil, however, is more, various than that of any other county, comprehending all the forts that are to be found in the illand; yet the >vorft of them are far from ,bein^ un- profitable. At the weftern extremity, is a confidorable trad! of flat, fenny land; and, on the eaft, a narrow tracl of marfhes runs from the fca, near Yarmouth, to fome diltance up the country. Several of the wdftern hundreds, from T bet ford northward, are open and bare, confifiing of extenfive heaths, the foil of which is a light kind, or hungry gravel. The reft of the county, in general, is arable land, varying in its degrees of fertility. To ftic NE. the foil is a light fandy loam, ealy of tillage, and equal in value to the belt parts of the Netherlands, to which it is fimilar. The SE. has a richer and deeper foil. The middle and fouth abound in clayA and various parts yield chalk and marl. The produdls of the county vary according to the foil and fituation. The lighter arable lands pro- duce barley* in great plenty. Wheat is cultivated in the ftronger foils 3 hut tur- nips are more generally grown here than in any other part of the kingdom, and form the balls of the Norfolk hutbandry. The peculiar excellence of this culture is, that the ground never lies fallow, as the turnips ferve to prepare it for corn, bc- fide fattening great numbers of cattle. Much buck- wheat is alio grown in the light foils, and ufed for feeding fvvine. and poultry. The fenny parts yield great quantities of butter, which is lent to London under the name of Cambridge butter. The fheep are a hardy, lmall breed, much valued for their mutton. Turkeys are reared here to a larger fize than elfewherc. Rabbits are extremely numerous on the fandy heaths; and there is likewife abundance of game, especially of pheafants. On the fea coaft, herrings and m ickarel are caught in great plenty ; and Yarmouth, in particular, is noted for the curing of red herrings. The air of this county is lharp and piercing, which throws the feafons more backward than in other counties under the fame latitude : but is very wholefomc, parti- cularly in the inland parts. No county has a greater Ihare of river and fea ria, vigation. The manufactures of Norfolk are chiefly worfted, woollens, and filks. Its principal rivers are the Great Oui'e, Nen, Little Oufe, Waveney, \ are, and Bure. Norwich is the capital. Norfolk Island, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, lying E. of New South Wales, and fettled by a colony of con- victs, fubordinate to that government.' The number of men, by the laft advices, amounted to 44, the women only to 16. It is a fertile lpot, and *s very hilly, N O R Sojnfc of the valleys are tolerably large, but moft of them arc only deep hollows. Mount Pitt, the onlv remarkable hill, is 12,000 feet high. The whole ifland is covered with a very thick foreft, choked with underwood. The timber trees are a fort of fpruce pine, refembling the live cak, a yellow wood, a hard black wood, and a wood refembling beech. The i'pring is perceptible in our autumn, but the trees are in a conftant fucceftion of Towering and fruiting the whole year round. The flax-plant is more luxuriant here than m any part of New '‘Zealand ; but the chief produce is the pine, which grows in great abundance, and to a large fize, many of the trees being as thick, Vreaft high, as two men can fa- thom, and exceedingly ftraight antd tall. It is very ufeful in building, and feems to he durable. The foil is rich and deep. In fummer the heat is excefln e. All the grain and European plants feed in December. From February to Auguft may be called the rainy fcafon. The winter, from April to July, is very plea- fant : there is never any froft ; but when the SW. wind blows, the air is raw and cold. 'This bland is well f applied with many ft reams of good water, which abound with very fine eels. The cliffs round the coaft are 240 feet high, and quite perpendicular. The want of a fafy harbour is a great inconvenience ; and the vaft quantity of coral rocks render anchorage very infecure. The fettlemcnt is formed in Sydney-Bav, on the S. fide of the ifland. Lat. 29. 30. S. Ion. 168. 13. E. N argil! , Yorkfhire, NW. of Bamard’s- Taftlc. Nor grave. W'orcefterfhire, near Cpton. Nor ham, I ) urham, i ululated in Northumberland, and giving name to a ifract of country, called Nortkdmshirc. It frauds on the 'Tweed, near the mouth of the Trll, 6 miles SW' . of Berwick. Nortons e, W ilts. Norleigh , Chefhire, near FrpdfhaUi. Norleigh , Devon f. near Tomtom Norleigh , Shropfh. SE. of W unlock. Normanbij, Line, b miles V» . of Market-Rnifin. Normauby, i /me. N. of Market- Raifin. Norman by , s urry, near Afh. Normanln /, Yorkf. SE. of Kirby- Morefidq, Normauby,\ orkf. near Tobin- Hood's-Bay. ' Norman by, \ orkf. NW. of Gilbo rough. Normandy, a ci-devant province of France, on the Engtilh Channel, about lob miles in length, 80 in breadth, and 600 in circumference, it is one of the moll. fertile tracts in France, and abounds in all its productions except wine, but N o R they fupply that defied! by cider and perry. It contains mines of iron and copper, and a great number of rivers and harbours. 'The Normans, a people of Denmark and Norway, having entered France, under Ptollo, Charles the Simple ceded this cotintry to them in 912, which, from that time, was called Normandy. Polio the fidt duke, having been baptized, Charles gave him his daughter Gifle in marriage. He held Normandy as a fief of the crown of France, and feveral of his fuccefiors after him, till W illiam, the feventh duke, conquered England m 1066, from which time it became a pro- vince of England, but was loft in the reign of King John, and reunited to the crown of France; the Englifh, however. Hill keep the iflands on the coaft of Nor- mandy. Rouen was the 'capital. It now forms the departments of Calvados, Eure, the Channel, Orne, Lower Seine, with a fmall part of Eure and Loire. Normc.n gate- Fields, Northamp. N. of Peterborough. Normauton, near Derby. Normanton, Dcrbyf. S. of Chefterficld. Normanton, Leicefterf. S. of Afhby-de- la-Zouch. Normanton , Nottinghamftfi by Southwell. Normanton, Nott. near Grefthorp. Normauion, Nott. cm the Soar, nearly oppofite to Loughborough. Normanton , Rutl. E. of the Vale of Catmofe. Normanton, \\ ilts, near A m- brefbury Normanton, A or kill. NE. of Wakefield. Norreys , Devon f. in He with parifh. Nor ridge, Wiltshire, near War- minficr. Norrindon,. Wilts, between Warder-Cafile and Cranborn-Chate. Norris, in Armagh, Lifter. Norrys, Hie of \\ ight, in E. Medina. Nortg^au. See Nordgaw. North, Department of the, a department of France, adjoining that of Calais, hounded on the NVv . by the German Ocean, and on the NE. by Flam- ders and the late Aftftriaivllainault. It is compofed of the late French I landers, French I Jainault, and Cambrefis. Douay is the capital. Nor thall, Middlefex, a village on, the north fide of Enfield-Chace, 3 miles N. of Barnet. A ortha.ll, Suffolk, near Be nacre. *N o R T H A L L E R T o n , a well- bui 1 1 1 ra d- ing town in the N. Riding of \ ork- flu re, confiftingof only one itreet, about half a mile long. . It is fituated in a dif- tridl called Aivcrtonihirc, on a fmall brook, which, a mile below, runs- into the river W’iik. it is 30 miU-> NN.W • of York, and 223 N. by W . of London. A good market p» W edueidav for cattle, ° *. ' corn. NOR corn, &rc. Fairs on Jan. 2d, and on St. Bartholomew’s- Day. Northern, Devonf. between Barnftaplc- Bay and Biddeford. * N ORTHAMPTO Nj'the coun ty- town of NorthampJtonfliire, ieated on an emi- nence, gently Hoping to the river Nen, which ii. joined here by another rivulet, and has been made navigable to Lynn. It contains about 1083 houfes and 5200 in- habitants. its principal manufacture is that of boots and ihoes, of which many are made here, and in other parts of the county, for exportation. Some Hook- ings and lace are alio made here. I be horfiM'airs of this place arc reckoned to cxceMnll others in the kingdom, it is a hJiome, well-built town, and has a regular fpacious market-place, one of tnPmneft in England, a good free- ichool, and a county infirmary and gaol. Within half a mile of Northampton is a fine Gothic flructure, called Queen's Crofs, creeled by Edward I. in memory of his queen Eleanor, who, at the ha- zard of her own life had laved his, by lucking the poilon from a wound which be received in the crufades. This town is a great thoroughfare, both in the N. and W. roads, and is oQ miles W . of Cambridge, 30 SE. of Coventry, and 66 NW. by N. of London. Markets on Wedncfday, Friday, and Saturday. Fairs on Feb. 20, April 15, May 4, Auguft 5, and 26, Sept. 19, Nov. 28^ and Dec. 19. Northamptonshire, a county of England, bounded on the N W . by Lci- ceiierlhirc and liutlandlhire, on the N. bv Lincolnlhirc, on the E. by the coun- ties of Cambridge, Huntingdon, and Bedford, on thcS. by Bucks and Gxford- ihire, 'and on the W. by that county and Warvyicklhire. It is divided into 20 hundreds', containing 1 city, 13 market- towns, 336 parilhes, about 25,000 houfes, and 150,000 inhabitants. The air of this county is very Wealthy, except in the E. part near Peterborough, which being /unrounded and interfeeted by rivers, is very liable to inundations, and forms the commencement of the fenny tract ex- tending to the Lincolnlhirc Walhes. With this Angle exception, Northamp- tonfliire is, in a manner, proverbially re- garded as a fine and pleafant county 3 an opinion, confirmed by the number of feats of the nobility and gentry which it contains. Its greateft deleft is afcarcily of fuel r this is but fcantily fupplied by its woods, which, like thole in all other parts of the kingdom, have been much NOR diminifhed by agriculture ; and though coal is brought into this county by t„hc river Nen, it is at a very dear rate. North- amptonflure, however, poflelfes lome conliderable remains of its old forefls, . particularly thofc of Rockingham on tins’ NW. and of Salcey and Whittlcbury on the S. In this lair, that fierccfl of Bri- tilh animals of prey, the wild cat, is flill found. There is but one piece of wane ground in this county, and that is a barren heatlr near Whittcring. 'i’he pro- dn6fs .are, in general, the fame with thole of other farming countries. It is, in- deed, peculiarly celebrated for grazing land ; that tradt efpecially, which lies from Northampton northward to the Lei- cefterlhire border. Horned cattle, and' other animals, are here fed to extraordi- nary fizos 3 and many horfes-of the large black breed are reared. W oad for ihe dyers is cultivated in this part 3 ‘ but the county is not diflinguilbed for manufac- tures, excepting fome of forges, tam- mies, fltaloons, boots and Ifioes 3 amt the trifling one of bone lace, 'l ive prin- cipal rivers are the Nen and Welland ? befule which, it is partly watered by the Oule, Lean, Cherwell, and Avon. The county- town Is Northampton. Northamsted , Herts, a mile S. of Bark- way. Northern', Middlefex 3 fee Nor that, Northhorrough , Northamp. S. of Market- Deeping. North Bovci/, Dc^onlh. near Morton. North Bradley, W ilts. North Brook, Ox for dllt. W. of Bicefrer. North, Cape, the moft northern pro- montory in Europe, in the Bland of Ma.gr gero, on the coalt of Norway. Lat. 71. 10. N. Ion. 26. 2. E. Northcoats , Line, between SaLfleet and Grimfby. A or thro f, Berks, near Abingdon. Northcot, Devonflt. on the river 'Tamar. Northcot , Devon fit ire, in Leigh-North. Northcot, Devonfhirc, in Uflcolumb pariflt. Norlhfot, Herts-, S. of Berkhampflead. Northcote , Glouc. near Cirencelter. Nort/i Court , Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Nqrth Curry, a pretty conliderable town of Somcrfedhire, Ieated on the river Tone. It is 20 miles SW. of \\ ells, and 154 W. by S. of London- Markets on Tuefday and Saturday. North? Downs, lands fo called, on the coalt of Wicklow, in Leinltcr. North- Down, Kent, near Margate- Bay and the North Foreland. North Dirffldd, Yorkfli. North-End, EH’cx, N. of Horn-church. North- End, Middlefex, a hamlet of Finchley. North-End, Mid- dleiex* between \Y atham-Green and tfip road NOR, NOR road to Ilatnmerfmith. North- End, Middlefex, NE. of Hampftead- Heath. 1 North- End, Warwick!. E. of Kineton. Norther den , Cheihirc, on the Merfey, W. of Stockport. Nor they, Gloucef. near Tewkcfhury. Nor they Lie, E-lex, between Maldon and St. Ofytli Ifland. No/lhjield, Worcefterf. between Bromf- - grqve and Birmingham. Northfieet , Kent, on the banks of the Thames, one mile W. from Gvavefend, and 21 from London. Vaft quantities of lime are made, and great numbers of extraneous foflils have been dug up here. North Foreland. See Foreland. North-Hall, Elens, 3 miles N. of Bar- net. North-Hcdl, ox North-Hold, Mid- dlesex, Nib of Haves. North-Hall- Lodge, Middlefex, N. of Uxbridge. North-Haven- Point, Doiietf. by Rrank- fey-Caftlc. Northeim, a town of Calenburg, Lower Saxony, which carries on a great trade, and is a well- frequented paiiage, feated between the rivers Rhume and Leina, lOmi'esN. of Gottingen. North-Hill , Bedfordfh. N. of South- Hill. North Hill, Cornwall, SE. of Launcefton. North' am, Suff’ex. North - ington, Hants, N. of Alresford, North- Land, Yoiklhire, near Halifax. North- lands, Middlefex, near Kenfington Gra- vel-pits. *Northleech, a town of Gloucef. It has feveral alms-houfas, and a free grammar- fehool, and is feated on, or near, the river Leech, 25 miles E. of Glouceiter, and SO W. by N. of London. Market on W ednefday. Norlhorp, Flintfhire. Northorp , Line, pear Kirton. Northover, Somerletfh. pear llchefrer. North-Rocks, in the harbour of Do- paghadee, in Down, Lifter. From N. to S. they extend about 2 miles, but ther? is good clean ground between them. The fouth rock is dangerous, many vef- fels have been wrecked on it : it is above a mile from the fhore. North-Town, Staffofdfh. near King's- Bromley. Northumberland, a county of England, receiving its name from being lituated to the N. of the Humber. In the Saxon heptarchy it was a part of the kingdom of the Northumbrians, which contained not only the county now galled Northumberland, but alfo York- shire, Lancafhire, Durham, Cumberland, an x d Weftmorland. It is feated in the extremity of England next to Scotland, $nd is bounded on the E. by the German Ocdan, on the S. by the btfhoptic of Durham, on the W. and SW. by Cum- berland, and on the NW. and N. by Scotland. It extends about 64 miles in length from N- to S. and 43 in breadth from E. to W. and is divided into 6 wards, which contain 13 towns, 460 pa- rifhes, and about 100,000 inhabitants. The air is not fo cold as might be ima- gined from the latitude in which it lies j for its fituation between two feas, in the narroweft part of England, gives :i the advantage of having the cold moderated by the temperate breezes of each ; and for this reafon the fnow feldom lies loag in Northumberland, except on th^fikp of high hills. The air is exti^pWy healthful, and many of the inhayjtabts enjoy health to a great age. The$>£l is various; the eaflern part being ftflitful, having very good wheat, and molt forts of corn, with rich meadows on the banks of the rivers ; but the weflem part is generally barren, it being moftly heathy and mountainous. The SE. part abounds with pit-coal ; the SW. angle has very rich lead-mines, but very little wood. The rivers abound with lalmon, trout, &c. and the coafts are rich in cod, ling, tur- bot, foies, See. This county is well wa- tered by rivers, the principal of which ai;e the Tyne, Tweed, Coquet, and Alne. Alnwick is the county-town. Northumberland, a county of Virginia, and a county and town of Pennfylvania, the laft of which is lituated on the N. fide of the Sufquehana, oppo- fite Sun bury. Northumberland Islands, a chain of iflands in the S. Pacific Ocean, near the NE. coaft of New Holland. Lat. .21. 13. to 22. 26. S. Ion. 149. to 150. 20. E. Northway and Newton, Glouceft. near Afhchurch. NorthwiCH, a handfome town of Cheflvire, chiefly noted for' its fait- mines, which were diicovered in the beginning of the prefen t century. 11 etc are four deep brine-pits, from which immenfe quantities of fait are raifed, partly to be purified on the fpot by re-diilolvmg and boiling, and partly to be exported in its crude ftato. Moil of the latter goes to Liverpool by the river Weaver. The fait- quarries here, (difeovered within thefe few years, on the S. fide of the town,) when a perfon is let down into them by a bucket, to the depth pf 150 feet, afford a truly pleating and piUiu- refquc appearance, looking very much like a fubterraneous cathedral. They extend NOR extend fevcral acres, and are fuppo'rted by rows of pillars, having a cryflal roof, all of the fame rock, arid tranlparent and glittering from the numerous ‘can- dles burnt there to light the workmen, who dig it away with ft cel -pick-axes. The frratum of hilt lies above 40 yards deep; above ft is a bed of whit ifli clay. The clear annual duty received by go- vernment for Chefhire fait amounts to 200,0001. Here is alio a large cotton ma- nufacture. Northwich is feated on the river W eaver, near its conflux with the Dane, (by which it communicates with all the late inland navigations,) 20 miles NE. of Chefter, and 173 NW. of London. Markei on Friday. Norlhtoick, XX orceflerf. near Campdea in Gloucefterfhire. Northwick , Gloucef. a hamlet to Henbury. Northwold, Norf. near Metlnvold. Norlhavod, Shropfh. N. of Ellefmcre. North-wood, Hants, between Havant and Thorncy Ifland. Northicood, Ifle of W ight, in XV. Me- dina. North-wood, Suflex, S. of Pet- worth. Norlhwood, Worceitcrfhire, near Kidderminfter. North Notion , Dorfetf. 3 miles NE. of 'Fhornford. Nortley- Wood, Suffolk, near Roydon. “Norton, or Chipping-NortoNV, a town of Oxfordfhire, with manufac- tures for horfe clothing and harrateens. It is fituated on the great poll road be- tween W orceller anti Oxford, 12 miles SW. of Banbury, and 74 NW. of Lon- don. Market on Wednefday. _ Norton, Cliefhire, 4 miles from War- rington, Norton , Cornwall, near Strat- ton. Norton , Derby f. N. of Dronfield. A orton, Durham, near Stockton. Nor- ton, 3 \ miles from Glouceller. Norton, Hants, near Selborn. Norton , Herts, near Baldock. Norton, Ifle of Wight, in XV. Medina. Norton , Kent, 3 miles SW. of Feverfham. Norton, Lcicef. near Gal bey. Norton, SE. of Lincoln. A orton, Monmouthfh. near Skcnfrith- Callle. Norton, Norfolk, nearLoddon. Norton, Norfolk, near Fa ken ham- Nor- ton, N or t h am p to n fh i re, near Towcefter. Norton, Norfolk, near Iiockland. Nor- ton, Nortbamptonfhire, near Davcntry. Norton, Noitinghamf. in Cukcney pa- rifh. Norton , Shroplhire, near Can- dover. Norton, Shroplhire, NWS of Ludlow. Norton, Shropf. near Ather- ley. Norton , Shropfh. N. of Bridge- north. Norton, Somerfctfh. N. of Pen. Norton, Somerfetfh. W . of Taunton. Norton , Staffordlhirc, N. of Chebfey. Norton, StafFordfh. near Cank, NE. of the W' urleys . Norton, Staiiprdfb. in the NOR Moots bv the Trent, 1 mile W. of Rag*, nal. Norton, Suffolk, near Wiilpc^”, Norton , Suflex, N. of Seaford. Norio Wilts, in Lay cock parifb. Norton* Wilts, S. of Malmcfbury. Norton $ Worcefterfh. N. of Evelham. Norton, Worcef. E. of Upton, and about a mile N. of Bredon, 'of which it is a hamlet. Norton , SE. of W orcefrer. Norton t Yorkfh. near New Malton. Norton » Y orkf. between Swaldale and Bifhopf- dalc-Chace. Norton, Yorkfh. SE. of Ponte fra cl. Norton, Bishop's , Lin col nC NE. of Spittle- in- the- Street. Nortort- Bovant, Wilts, E. of Warminfler. Nor- Bn- B timer, Oxfordf. SW. of Witney. Nor ton-Canon, Herefordf. S. of Weblcy. Norton , Cold, Eflex, near Stow- Maries. Norton- Confers, Yorkfhire, near Ripporu Norton-Curli, Warw. near Bud broke. Norton- D money, Devonfh. near Dart- mouth. Norton- Disney, Line. N. of Beckingham. Norton , East, Leicefterf. in Tugby parifb. Norton, Friars, or Midsummer, Somerfetf. in Kilmerlciorv parifh. Norton- in- the- Clay, Yorkf. NW. of BoroughbFulgc. Norton, Lindsey, or Upper, Warw. W. of Claverdon. Nor A ton Malreward, Somerfetfhire, between Dundry and Pcnsford. Norton-Mandc- ville, Lifex, N. of On gar. Norton Over, Oxfordfft. near Chipping-Norton. Aor- ton Over, 3 miles from Glouceftcr. Nor- ton - super- Mo idem, Norfolk, S. of At- tlebridgc. Norton- under- Hamhden- Hill, Somerfetf. 2 miles from S. Petherton. Norton Wood, Norfolk, N. of Foulfham. Noricell, Nottinghamfhire, S. of Wil- loughby. Norton Sound, a large bay of the N. Pacific Ocean, on the W. coaft of N. America, dilcovered by Captain Cook in, his laft voyage. Lat. 63. N. Ion. 161. to 164. W. Norwalk, a town of Connecticut. Norway, a kingdom in the N. of Europe, the moft wefterly part of the ancient Scandinavia. It is formed na* turally into two divifipns; namely Nor- thern and Southern or Proper Norway 1 feparated from each other by the final! Svvedifh province of Herndabl. Northern Norway is a long and narrow flip of land, extending as far as Cape North, the nioft northern point of Europe, beyond 71. 0. deg. N. lat. and bounded on the W. and N. by the Northern Ocean, by Swedifh and Ruflian Lapland on the E. and by Sweden on the S. It is divided into Nordland and Finmark, and cornpre bended in the government of Drontheirn. §©utb er n Nory/ay is bounded on the E, N 0 It by Sweden, and on the S. ahd Vv r . by the Northern Ocean, It is divided into t ^ ! l c f ( ? ur ..governments, of Aggerhuvs or Oiriliiania, Chriflianfand, Berghcn, and Drontheira. From its rocky foil and northern pofition, Norway is not popu- lous in proportion to its extent. Mr. Coxe lias calculated the number of inha- bitants to be 7 j 0,0 60, who, like the Bwils mountaineers, are eflcemed good iokhers, and are exceedingly attached to their country. The horfes are fmall, but tirong, active, and bardy. In Norway they have a particular code, called the Norway Law, Compiled by Gricflelfeld, at the command of Christian Vv the great legiflatOr of this country. By this law, the palladium of Norway, peafants are b'ee, a few only excepted, on fome (i fates near Fredericftadt. The benefits- oi this code are vifible in the great dif- ference, in their appcaran.ce, between the free peafants in Norway, and the en- 1 flayed vaflals of Denmark, though both living under the fame government. The Norwegian peafants poflefs much fpirit and fire in their manner; are frank, open, and undaunted, yet not infolcnt ; never fawning, yet paying proper rcfpecl. The fame caufes which ailed the population of Norway, operate likewife on the ftate of tillage ; for, although in fome place* vegetation is io quick, that the. corn is fown and cut in 0 or 7 weeks, vet the country does not produce fufficicnt corn for its own confumption. it is, how- ever, exceedingly rich in pafture, rind confequently produces much cattle. The fifheries, particularly on the wefrern coaft, procure employment and wealth to the nsticcs. The principal fdb, which dried and inked, furnifh a confidfcrabfe article of exportation, are the cod, the ling, and the whiting; their livers alfo yield train qii , and the final left are given as winter bidder to the cattle. The extenfive fo- rc'fts of oak. and pine produce timber fpnrs, beams, and planks, befide char- - oal, turpentine, bark, fuel, and even manure; and the birch (the bark of Much is ufed as a covering- for the roofs oi houles) not only fup plies fuel, but dfo a kind of wine, which is produced bv boring a hole in the trunk, and the Mac diitils into a flalk placed under it. i he twigs of the birch alfo, as well as <'i the .elder and afpen, are given to horfes in ftarcity ot fodder. The general com prifing great part of the province of Archangel, and a large dif- trict beyond the NW. limits of Siberia. At this period its dominions were fo ex- . tenftve, its powers fo great, and its fitu- ation fo impregnable, as to give rife to a proverb, “ Who can refill the gods and Great Novogorod r” But in 1477, this independent republic was obliged to fubmit to the arms of Ivan Vaflilivitch I. grand duke of Rufiia. An enormous bell, denominated by the inhabitants eternal^ and revered by them as the pal- ladium of their liberty, was removed by their conqueror from Novogorod to Mofcow. it continued, neverthelefs, the largcft and molt commercial city in Rufiia, and contained, at leall, 400,000 people. It was firft defolated, in a man- ner, by the. cruelties exercifed here by Ivan Vaflilivitch II in 1370, but its folendour was not totally eclipfed until, tho Czar Peter built Petcrfburgh, to which favourite capital be transferred all the ! commerce of the Baltic that had before; ' centered here. It now contains fcarce 7000 inhabitants; but a vaft number of t churches and convents Hand melancholy monuments of its former magnificence. The town flrctches on both fides of the Volchova, a beautiful river, of confider- able depth and rapidity, which feparates it into two divifions ; namely, the Trad- ing Part and the quarter of St. Sophia. The cathedral of St. Sophia is one of the moll ancient in Rufiia : it was begun 1 in 1044, by Vladimir Yaroflaviteh, duke of Novogorod, and completed in 1031. Several princes of the ducal family of Rufiia are interred in this cathedral. No- vogorod is fituated neat, the Lake Ilmen, 92 mile9 SSE. of Peterfburgli. Lat. 38. 20. N. Ion. 32. 45. E. Novogorod, once an independent republic, finally reduced by Ivan Vafli- livitch IL in 15. 0, and united to the Ruffian empire* of which ; ,t now forms a government. It is bounded on the N. by the government cf Olpnetz, and on the S\V. by the govermrtent of Plkov. The capital is of the fame name. Novogorod, Nishnwi.’ See Nish- nei Novogorod. Novogorod Severpkoi, a govern- ment of the Ruffian einyftre, corupriling part cf the L'kraine, or .Little Rufiia. Its capital, which is of the fame name, is 264 miles SSW, of Mofc ow* Noyogrodock, NUE N U R Novogrodock, a town and palati- nate of Ruffian Lithuania, otherwife [called Black Russia, 200 miles ENE. i of Warfaw. Hour- Head, or Buoy at the Nore, Kent, in the Thames, oppofite to Sheernefs. Note, a river in Derbyffiire, which runs iinto the Derwent, below Stratton. Now- stool- Hill, Derbyffiire, in the High Peak. Nowlon, Suffolk, near Bury. Nova, a fea-port of Galicia, noted for building of ffiips. ft is fituated at the mouth of the Tambro. Lat. 42. 49. N. ! Noyers, a town in the dept, of Yonne, feated on the river Serin ; alfo a town in the dept, of Lower Alps 5 and ia town in the dept, of the Meuie. Noyon, a town in the dept, of Oife, feated near the river Oife, 22 miles NW. of Soiffons, and 60 N. by E. of Paris. Nozeroy, a town in the dept, of Jura, 27 miles S. of Befangon. !i Nubey, Yorkffiire, YV. Riding, SW. of Giffiorn. Nuby, Yorkffiire, W . Riding, SE oflngleton. ! Nubia, akingdom of Africa, bounded on the N. by Egypt, on the E. by the Red Sea, on the S. by Abyffinia, and on the W. by countries of Africa, of which hardly the names are known. The river iNile runs through it, on the banks of which, and thofe of the other rivers, it is (uncommonly fertile, but in other places barren, fandy, and in want of water. (Money is of no ufe in this country in the way of trade, it being all carried on by way of exchange. Their bread and drinK :is made of a fmall round feed, called doca, or feffj which is very ill tailed. Their houfes have mud walls, being very low, and covered with reeds. The habit of the I nch is a veil without lleeves, and they have no coverings for their heads, legs, and feet : others wrap a piece of linen cloth about them, and the children go quite naked. They profefsto be Mahometans. (Great part of the coall is under the power of the Turks, as well as the country be- tween Egypt and Dungala ; the reft is compofed of feteral kingdoms, little known. The exports of this country are gold, elephants’ teeth, civet, fandal- wood, and Haves. Millet grows in great abundance j and the fugar-cane is cul- tivated, but, for want of knowing well how to prepare it, the fugar is black. The principal diftridfe known to the Euro- peans are Dungala and Sennaar. ' NucestowUy in Cork, Munfter. 1 Nuestra-Senora-de-la-Paz, a town of Peru, in the audience of CliarCRi* It is feated in a valley abounding with vines and fruits. Nuestra- Sen ora - de-la-Vitto- Ria, a town of Tabafco, Mexico, feated on the coaft of the Bay of Campeachy. Nueva Segovia, a town in the file of Luzon, one of the Philippines, fitu- ated near the N* coaft, 250 miles N. of Manilla. Nuits, orNuYS, a town in the dept, of Cote-d’Or, famous for its excellent wines. Jt is 12 miles S. of Dijon. Nuke , Northumb. near Beltingham. NUMIDIA. SeeBlLEDULGERID. Nun, orVLED deNun, avail, but defert province of Africa, S. of Sus. It is inhabited by different tribes of Arabs, nominally dependant on the emperor of Morocco. There is not a iingle harbour or anchoring place, along a coaft of 60 leagues, viz. to Cape Bojador. Nunbrook, Yorkf. W. of Dewfbury, has a bridge over the Calder. Nunburn - ham, Yorkffiire, E. of Pocklington. Nuncklihg , Yorkf. in Holdernefs, NW. of Hornfey. Nundydroog, a fortrefs of Hin- dooftan, in My fore, capital of a confider- able diftridl, built on the fummit cf a mountain almoft inacceffible. It was be- ficged and flormed by the Britiffi troops, under Lord Cornwallis, in 1792, after a fiege which lalled from September 22d to Odlober 18th. Nuneaton , Wilts, near Cricklade. Nuneaton, a town of Warwickfhire, with a manufadlory of woollen cloth. It is feated on the river Anker, 8 miles N. by E. of Coventry, and 99 NNW.’ of London. Market on Saturday. Nuneham , 5 miles E. by S. of Oxford. Nunhead, Surry, in Peckham pariffi. Nunnelyy Shropffiire, near Went. Nun* nikirk, Northumb. S. ofRothbury. Nun* nington , Yorkf. between Slingffiy-Caftle and Helmefley. Nunn s-Greeu, neat Derby. Nunrty, Somerfetffi. Nunny, Cumberl. N. of Penrith. Nunriding , Northumb. 0 miles NW. of Morpeth. Nunsbroughf Northumb. near Corchefter and Hexham, on the banks of the Tyne, on the brink of a precipice 200 feet high, over the fineft natural theatre in the N. of England. Hunstanton , Durham, 00 the Skern, E. of Biffiop- Auckland. Nun- thorp 1, Yorkf. N. of Stokefley. N union, Wilts, SE. of Salilbury. N unwell. Hie of Wight, in E. Medina. Nunwich , Northumb. near the confluence of the Symondburn with the Tyne, N up down, Gloucef. in Hill pariffi. Nupping-End, , Gloucef. neat Alhclvyoitb. Mm2 Nuremberg, NUR Nuremburg, an imperial city, one of t!ie moft handfome and flounfhing places in Germany, and capital of Fran- conia-. It is feajted in a fandy, barren foil, and yet the inhabitants are fo induftrious, that thay have brought this republic into a very Horn idling ltate. It is about 6 miles in circumference, furrounded by high walls, Hanked with 365 towers, as alfo with a deep ditch. The river Pcg- nitz runs through the middle, and divides it into two parts ; over it are 6 wooden bridges, and 6 others of ftone. Among the public buildings, two of the churches, the arfcual, and the very magnificent council houfe, are greatly admired. T he townfmen are divided into eight quarters, or parts, and 131 captainships. The government is ar ftocratical. The great council is compofed of 2T)0 perfons, and the fupreme council of 34 patricians, and o! B of the molt reputable 'tradefmen. The burgeiles are very induftrious,. and fine workmen in the arts. Their maps, prints, paintings, and engravings are in high efteem, as well as their mufical and mathematical inftruments ; nor are they \ efs curious in clock-work, and in the fevcral manufactures of metal, ivory, w ood, and alabafter. Tlie trade in tpys made licit', and fold in England by the name of Dutch tbys, is confiderable, though it does not bring in fo much mo- ney to the town as formerly. Here is alfo a famous academy for painting. The anatomical theatre, and the public li- brary, arc alfo worth notice. Geography is much indebted to the celebrated Ihop i r land charts,' eftablilhed here by John Baptift Homann. In the clean rrefs of 'their Itreets, and the ncatncls of their boufes, they imitate the Dutch and though they formerly kept to their old habits, they now follow the moil fafhion- able modes, Their religion is the Lu- theran; yet feveral 'Roman Catholic cuf- vtoms are frill retained in their divine fer- fev. 'Fhe building called the church of I he Holy Ghoft, has a variety of reliques, as alfo the imperial crown, the imperial feeptre, the globe of the empire, the iword of St. Maurice, the imperial man- tle, the white robe of the emperors, called the Dalmatic, the golden lurplice, the nun tie of the choir, and the gloves, the dippers, and the hereditary crown of the emperor Rodolph II. All thefe rarities are placed in a chcft, which is fufpended by a tope in the dome, and they are never taken down but at the coronation ol the emperor, cr when any perfon, of high diftindtion wants t q fee them. The N Y L ancient and fuperb caftle, or palace, which the inhabitants bought of the bur- graves, is ftill ftanding at the extremity of the city. Tt was partly burnt dowr in 1420, and contains at prefen r a gra- nary, a pentagonal tower, and a prtfon Here are four Latin fchools, befidc. i famous college, or univerlity. Thii town has, in procefs of time, obtainec a confiderable circle jor territory, abou 30 miles in diameter, and 100 in cir- cumference, and in which are tw T o larg< forefts. Their manufachites are con veyed all over Europe by the means o two large fairs. 'Fhe houfes are all buik of free-ftone, and are four or five ftorie high. It is feated almoft in the centre o Germany, 55 miles NW. offiatifbortpanc 250 W. by N. of Vienna. Nursted, Wilts, near Devizes. Nur- sted, Hants, SE. of Peteisfield. 1 Nur- sling, Hants, near Redbridge. Nurston Staffordlhire, W. of Wolverhampton Nusjidd, Gxfordlh. E. of Wallingford Nulborn, Devon f. near Tiverton. Nut born , Sulfex, NE. pf Amberlcy. Nub comb, Devonf. in E. Allington pariftf Nuijhld, or North field, Surry, nca. Biechingley. Nulhall, near Notting- ham. Nuthurst , Suilex, S. of Ilorfham, Nutley, Hants, between Alton and Whit? church. Nutley, Suflex, S. of Aihdowi. Foreft. Nutsted , Kent, 3 miles S. o. Grave fend. Nut'with , Yorkshire, nca; Malhaip. Nuvs, or Nucsz, a towa. of Co : logne, Lower Rhine- Nybly, Glouccfterfbire, near Durficyf Nyucrg, a fea-port- of Denmark fituated on the E. coaft of the Ifle ci Fiincn, 10 miles E. of Oden for. Th< fhips that pals through the Great BelS are obliged to pay toil here. i Nyde, or lea, a river in York (hi re, run mng into tbeOufe at Nun-Monckton. Nyevre, a department of Franci bounded on the N. by the department o the Yonnc, and on the W. by the de partment of the Cher. Nevers is tin capital. Nykoping. See Nicoting. Nykoping, a fea-port of Denmark in the Ifle of Zealand, with a conliderabl. commerce and a good harbour. Lat. 55 57. N. Ion. 11. 44. E. Nyland, a provinceof Sweden, lyin' on the Gulf of Finland,, and to the W of the province of Carelia. It is abou 130 miles in length, and 30 in breadth anil is a level, fertile, pleafant country better, peopled and cultivated than tin neighbouring provinces. Nylam N Y O ! . Hyland flilL, Somerfetf. S. of Cheddcr. j Nymburg, a town of Boleilau, Bo- hemia, fttuatcd near the Elbe, -3b miles ENE. of Prague. Nymph-Bank, in St. George’s Chan- nel, about ten leagues off the coaft of Waterford, in M uniter, it is a great fdhing-bank, abounds with cod, ling, Ikate, bream, whiting, and other fifh. Nynchead, Somqrietih. N. of Wel- lington. jVynetori , Shroplhire, SW. of Bridgenorth. 1 Nyon, a trading town and extenfive bailiwick, of Bern, in Swifl'erland, feated in a fertile country, 10 miles N. of Geneva, - N Y S Nyons, a town in the dept, of Drome, feated on the river Aigues, with a fine bridge of one arch, prodigioufly high, the work of the Romans. Here is a mineral fpring, and fome manufactories of s\ ool- len {lulls and foap. it is 18 miles NE. of Orange. Nyslot, a town of Ruffia, in the government of Wiborg, 50 miles NW. of Wiborg. Nystadt, a town of Finland, feated on a bay of the Gulf of Bothnia, 22 miles NNW. of Abo. Nysi{in t Durham, on the Tee?, SE. of Darlington. Nytimber , Sullex, near Paghain OBE O ACCO, a town and province of Bengucla,in Africa. Oak , Staltordlh. near Bromwich- Weft. Oaken , Staltordlh. near Codfall. Oak l ; crrm, Dorfetf. in Corfcomb parilh. Oak- field-Green , Berks, in Mortimer parilh, towards Reading. *Oakhampton, or Ockington, a town of Devonlhire, with a manufacture of ferges. It is feated on the river Oke, on the road between Launcefton andCre- diton, 24 miles W. of Exeter, and 195 W. by S. of London. Market on Sa- turday. Oak-Hill , Elfex, near Rumford. Oak- id- Honour- Hill, Surry, near Dulwich. Oakington, 4 miles from Cambridge. Oakcley- Lodge, Glouccf. a hamlet ol Ci- rentciler. Oakley , NW. of Bedford. Oaklet/, Dorfetlhire, 1 mile from Merley. Oakley, Staftodlh. nearCroxal. Oakley, Okfordfnire, near Chinner. Oaks, Shropf. SW. of Condover. OakwelUHall, Vorkf. E. of Halifax. Ocit lands , Surry, near W eybridge. Oban, a village of Argylc- lhire, on the fea- coaft, S. of Loch Etive. Here is an excellent filhing-ilation, with a cuitom-houfe : alfo a fea-port in the county of invernefs, 20 miles WNW. of Inverary. Oeasine, a town in the dept, of Cor- reze, 5 miles S. of Tulles. Obdach, a town of Aultria, in Stiria. Oberkirch, a town in the circle of the Upper Rhine, 12 miles E. ofStralhurg. 1 Ober I. and, formerly called Hocker- land, a fertile and well-cultivated pro* vines of Pruffia. o c k Oeerndgrff, a town of Hohenburg, in Auftrian Suabia, on the river Neckar. Obernperg, a town of Bavaria, fitii- ated on the Inn ; and a town of Mcntz, Lower Rhine. Oeerstenfeld, a town of Wirtem- burg, Suabia. Oberwesel, a town' of Triers. Obley, Shropf. between Cluu-Caftle, and Hopton-Caftle. Obollah, a well-peopled town of PerMnn Irac, beautifully fttuatcd on the Tigris, near Baft'orah. Oborn , Dorfetlhire, near Sherborn* Obridgc, Somerletlh. between Lcdiard and Wellington. O ’ Brien ' s-B ridge, in Clare, Munfter. Oby, a liver of the Ruffian empire, in Alia, which rifes in the defert of If- chimika, pafles by Kolivan, and running N. joins the Irtylh, near Toholikij it falls into the Frozen Ocean, in lat. G6. 55. N. Ion. 70'. 0. E. Oby, N orlblk, near Th urn . Ocana, a town of New Caftilc. Ocheline , Devonlhire, near Exeter. O chi L ITS, the name of fome verdant and gently-fwclling hills of Perthfliire, S. of Strathearn. ' Ochsenfurt, a town of Wurzburg, Franconia. Ock, a river in Berklhire, which runs into the Thames at Abingdon. Ock , a river in Devonlhire, which runs into the l’owridge, below Ilatbcrley. Ock a, a river of Ruffia, which pafles by Ocka, Kaluga, and falls into the river Volga, near Nilhnei Novogorod. M m 3 OzkbroQki 0 D I Ockbrook , 5 miles from Derby. Ock- ftidcn, A 7 . and S. I'iTex, S. of Cranham. Ocker, a river of Lower Saxony, which paffes by Wolfenbuttle, Brunf- wickj &c. and runs into the Aller, 5 miles W. of Gifhorn. Ockeridge, Glouceft. a hamlet to Bifley. Ockerton, Oxfordlhire, W. of Banbury. Ockfordr, Dorletfliire, in Marchwood V 7 ale. Ockjord , Child , Superior and Inferior, Dorfetf. E. of the JStour. Ockjord Fitz - paine, Dorfetf. 3 miles SE. of Stur- minfter-Newton. Ockham, Surry, SE. of Wokmg. Ockleston, Chefhire, S. of Middlewich. Ockley , Bucks, NW. of lame. Ockley, \\ orcefterfhire, near Sal- warp. Ockley , Great and Little , North- amptonfh;re, by Rockingham Foreft. Ockley- Park- House, Shropf. near Lud- low. Ockolrl, Suffolk, S. of Eye. Ocull and Ocull- Pichard, NE. of Hereford. Oczakow, or Ochzakoff, a town lately of Turkey in Europe, but now in- cluded in New Ruffia, or the government *>f Catherinenflaf. It is feated at the mouth of the river Dnieper, oppofite Kin burn, 190 miles N. by E. of Con- ffantinople. Lat. 46. 50. N. Ion. 33. 16. E. Odconib, Somerfetf. between Crew- kern and Yeovil. Oddeston, Leicefterf. NW. of Bofworth. Oddleden, Weft- morland, near Crofby-Ravenfworth. Ode- S. of Leicefter. 0 dehill, Bedfordfh. NW . of Bedford, and near Sharnbrook. Odd, Bedfordfhire. Odensee, an ancient town of Den- mark, capital of the lfle of Funen, feated On a fmall river, about 2 miles from the Bay of Stegeftrand, and 75 miles W. of -Copenhagen. Lat. 55. 30. N. Ion. 10. }7. E. Oder, a river of Germany, which rifes in Moravia, about 18 miles NE. of Olmutz. It runs NW. through Silefia, ■and then into the New Marche of Bran- denburg and Pomerania, where it forms a large lake, called the Frisch Hoff, af- terward falling into the Baltic Sea by three mouths j between which lie the Blands of Ui'edom and Wollin. Odereurg, a town of Tefchen, SiJe- fia ‘i and a town of the Middle Marche, Brandenburg : both are fituated on the Oder. Odernheim, a town of DeuxPonts, circle of Ipper Rhine; and a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, 14 miles S. of Mentz. * *Odiham, a town of Ilaniplhire, fituated on a navigable canal, from the ^ and Thames^ to Bafiuglioke, 24 OFF miles NE, of Winchefter, and 42 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Odingley, Wore. 2 miles SE. of Droit- wich. Oddington , Glouceft. 2 mites from Stow. Odiugton, Oxfordfh. near Blip. Odstoke, Wilts, near Salifbury. Odsy Grange, Hertfordfhire, between Baldock and Royfton. Oeland, a fertile ifland of Finland, about 70 miles in length and 6 in breadth. It contains about 7000 inhabitants. Lat. 56. 45. N. Ion. 16. 40. E. Oebsfeld, a town of Magdeburg. Gels, a city and principality of Si- lefia, 14 miles ENE. of Brellaw. Oelsnitz, a town of the Vogtland, Upper Saxony. Oesel, an ifland of RufTia, in the Baltic, about 8 miles in circumference. Lat. 58. 20. N. Ion. 22. E. Oeting, a town of Upper Bavaria. Oeting, or Oetingen, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, capital of z county of the fame name ; feated on the river Wirnitz, 16 miles NNW, of Donawert. . Of an to, a river of Naples (the an- cient Aufklus) which rifes near Conza, and falls into the Adriatic, 10 miles W. of Trani, Of church, Warwickfhire, NW. of Southam. Offa’s Dike, an intrench men t, yet vifible, call up by Ofla, a Saxon king, to defend England againft the incurfions of the Welch, It runs through iiere- fordfhire, Shropfhire, Montgomcrylhiie, ( and Denbighfhire, to Holywell, in Fiint- flvire. Off am, Suflex, NE. of Arundel. Offenbach, a town of Ifenburgj and a town of Salmj both in the circle of Upper Rhine. Offenburg, a town of Ortenau, in Suabia, fituated on the Kinzig. Gffenham, or Uffentou , Wor.efterlh. near Evcfham, Offerton, Chefhire, E. of Altringham. Offing ion, or Offing ton, Berks, nearFaringdon. Offing ton, Suflex, near Terri ng. Offiey, Bishop's and High , Staffordfhire, near Ecclefhall. Offord, near Derby. Offord, Warwickfhire, part of the lordlhip of Wotton Haven. Offord Cluuy, ami Dacy, Huntingdon^ near Bugden. Offton, Suffolk, SW. of Needham. Of Irani, Kent, 1 mile and a half from W. Mailing. Offiey, Great and Little , Herts, SW. and W. of, Hitchin : named, perhajis, from Ofta, ' the Mercian king, who lived a gooff while, and died at Great Offiey. Off veil, Devonshire, between Axminfter and Ho- \ ■ nitpn. O II I O K E Tilton. -Qgborn, St. Andrew's, St. George, and Massey, Wiltshire, N. of Marlborough. Ogerstone , Huntingdonf. W. of Stilton. Ogle- Castle, Northumb. NW. of Point Eland. Oglelhorp , Yorkf. near Bramham. Ogntore- River, Gia- nt organfniie. Ognersh, Surry, 3 m'tles E. of Godahnin. Ogstone, Derb. NW. j of Alfreton. Ogwell,- E. and IV. Devonf. ' 1 mile from Newton-Friars. Oheteroa, an ifland in the S. Pa- ! cific Ocean, 13 miles in circuit, without either harbour or anchorage, and only a bay on the W. coalf, which is foul and rocky. It is neither fo populous nor fertile as the iflands to the northward of it, but the inhabitants difplay greater in- genuity in carving, cutting, and polifliing their clubs and fpears, and in their ma- nufactures of cloth. They form circles round their arms and legs, but have no figures on the other parts of their body. The people are lufty, and rather browner than thole of the Society files. Lat. 22. . 27 . S. Ion. 150. 47. W. Ohio, in N. America, one of the molt beautiful rivers in the world ; it has its iource in the Allegany Mountains, and is called the Allegany, till its junc- tion with the Monongahela, at Fort Pitt, when it firft receives the name of Ohio. It runs a courfe of near 1200 miles, - in a SW. direction, till it joins the Miffiflippi, about TO miles above New Madrid, forming the N. boundary of the fiate of Kentucky, and receiving in its courfe, numbers of large and finall rivers. 'Fhe only difadvantage this river has, is a rapid, one mile and a half long, and a mile and a quarter broad, called the Falls of Ohio, in latitude 38. 8. N. In this place the river runs over a rocky bottom, and the defeent is fo gradual, that the fall docs not, pro- bably, in the whole, exceed 20 feet. W hen the dream is low, empty boats only can pafsand repafs this rapid ; their lading muft be tranfported by land } but, when high, boats of any burden may pafs in fafety. Excepting this place, there is hardly a finer river in the world for navigation by boats. At a falt-fpring, near this river, very large bones have been found, far furpafling the fize of any fpecies of animals now in America, The head appears to have been about three feet long, the ribs feyen, and the thighbones about fourj one of which is depofited in the library at Philadel- phia, and is faid to weigh feventy-eight pounds. The tuiks are above a foot in length, the grinder* above five incite? fquarc, and eight inches long. Speci- mens of thefe bones have been fent to I 7 rartce and England, where they have been found, upon comparifon, to he re- mains cf the fa me fpecies of animal that product the fofiil bones, winch have been dilcovered in Tartary, Chili, and fevers! other places, both of the old and new continent. What animal this is, and by what means its ruins are found in re- gions fo widely different, and where none luch exifts at prefent, is a queftion of difficult decifion. The bones bear a great refemblance to thofe of the ele- phant. There is no terreftrial animal now known, large enough to produce them. The talks, with which they are equally furnilhed, equally produce true ivory. But, from the form of the teeth, it has been obferved, that they muft have belonged to a carnivorous animal, whereas the habits of the elephant are foreign to luch fuftenance, and his jaws totally un- provided with the teeth neceflary for its ufe. From the whole, it has been con- cluded, to the fatisfa£Ron of naturaliffs, that thefe bones belonged to a qua- druped, now unknown, and whole race is probably extinct, unlefs it may be found in the extenfive continent of New Holland, whole recefics have not yet been pervaded by the curiofity or avidity of civilized man. Oich, Loch, a lake of Invernefsfhire, extending four miles long, and a quarter of a mile wide. It contains fome little wooded iflands ; and its waters flow through Loch Nefs into the Frith of Murray. It is 4 miles SW. of Fort Auguftus. Oira, a town of Otranto, Naples. Oisans, a town in the department pf Ifere, 28 miles SE. of Grenoble. Oise, a department of France, lying S. of the department of the Somme. It takes its name from a river which rifes on the confines of Hainault, and palling by Noyon, Compeigne, Pontoife, Sec. falls into the Seine 5 miles S. of Pontoife, Beauvais and Compeigne are alternately the capitals. Oke, Somcrfetfhire, near Milverton. Okehury, Hants, 6 miles from Andover. Okejord, Devonf. on a river running into the Ex, near Bampton. Okejord, Glouc, in Marlhfield parifti. Okejord , Child, or Okejord, Upper and Lower, Dorfetf. near Bland ford. _ Okejord £ skilling, or Shilling , Dorfetfhire, near Stunninfler. *Okeham, the county town of Rut- landfhire, is pretty well built, and has -a free-fehool, and an fiofpital. The firli M m i umo OLD time- any peer of the realm comes within the precinffis of this lordfhip, he forfeits a fnoc from Jhe horfe he rides on, to the lord of the manor, unless he commutes or it with money. It is feated in a rich valley, called the Vale of Catmos, 28 miles S. by E. of Nottingham, and 98 N. by W. of London. Markets on Mon- day ' a n d Sat urd ay . Okeham , Sufl’ex, near Lewes. Oke- Jiamptoji- Monks, Devon f. near Hatherley. Okehanger , Hants, SE. of Alton. Oke- }> anger- Mere , Chefhire, S. of Sandbach. Okehnrst , Suflex, N. of Billinghurft. Okeley , Surry, W. of Newdigate. Oke- ley , Suffolk, between Denham and Difs. Okeley , Shroplhire, bv Bifhop’s-Caflle. Okeley , Church and North. , Hants, SW. of Bafingfioke, Okeley , East, or Water , Berkfhire, near Bra”. Okeley , Greed and Little , Eflex, SW. of Harwich. Olcen, StafFordfhire, near Codfal. Oke- ney, Bucks, near Newport-Ragnel. Oken - shaw, Yorkf. inBurirall parifh. Okenyate, Shroplhire, near Wrekin-H ill. Okeover , Staffordfliire, on the Dove, near Blore. Okesey , Wilts, NE. of Maliufbury. Oke : -Green, Derbyf. S. of Aihburn. Okethorp , Derby 111. near Alhby-de-la' Zouch. Okewood, Surry, near Okeley, on the borders of Suflex. Okeworth, Yorkf. SW. of Keighley. Okeyviour , Staflbrdlhire, near Alton. *OkingH£M, or Wokingham, a town of Berklhire, (but partly fituated in Wilt Hr ire,) with a fmall manufactory of denims, and feme mills for throw- ing filk. It is 8 miles SE. of Reading, and 82 W. ol London. Market on Tuefday. Okotzk, one of the four provinces of Irkutzk, in Ruflia. Its capital, of the fame name, is feated at the mouth of the Okota, in a bay of the Eaflern Ocean. From this port veflels fail to Kamtfchatka. The trade between here and jakutlk is car- ried on partly by land and partly by water. The journey byland carriage takes up near fix weeks, as the rood lies over mountains, and through morafles and thick woods of larch and birch trees. Every thing is carried this way on horfes or rein-deer, the latter of which are furniflied by the Tungufians. 0 laves, St. in Waterford, Munfter. 0 laves, St. Suffolk, SW. of Yarmouth. Olcen , a river in Herefordfhire. Old Abbey , in Cork, Munfter. Oldacres, Durham, neai Sedgfield. Ohl- barrow, or Oldboruugh , Worcefterl'. ad- joining Warwicklh. near an ancient tu- mulus or barrow. Oldbridge t in Louth, Leinftcr, 2 miles OLD from Drogheda. A very handfome obe- lilk is e'-ec.led here, on a rock, on the banks of the Boyne, in commemoration of the victory of William III. over his father-in-law, James If. Oldbury, Gloucef. in Stapleton parifh. Oldbury, Suflex, between Chichefter and Arundel. Oldbury , Warwickf. S. of Atherfton. Oldbury , Warwickf. a mile from Henley in Arden* Oldbury, Glouc. in Thornbury parifh. Oldbury Chapel. Staffordf. 1 mile E. of Dudley-Caflle. Oldbury-Hill, Wilts, near E. and W. Kennet. Oldbury- on- the- Hill, Glouc. 6 miles from Tetbury. Oldbury- on- the- Severn, Gloucef. near A u If- Ferry. Old Carlisle, Cumber!, i mile S. of Wig- ton. Oldcastle , Chefhire, near Malpas. Oldcastle, Monmouthfh. on the Munnow, N. of Alterinnis. *Old Castle, a town of Meath, in Leinfter, 41 miles from Dublin. Oldcastle, in Cork, Munfter. Old- Court- Doiclas, Herefordfh. S. of Ncw-Court. Oldenburg, a town and county of Weflphalia, having E. Friefland on the W and the county of Delmonhurft on the E. it is about 45 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. It is a marfhy coun- try, with fat paftures, but fubjeCt to great inundations, and is noted for fine horfes. On account of Oldenburg, the king of Denmark, to whom the country -belongs, has a feat and voicein the Weft- phalian College of the counts of the em- pire, as alfo at the diets of the circle of W eflphalia. The town of Oldenburg is 39 miles ESE. of Emden Oldenburg, atown of Holfteinj and a town of Paderborn, W eflphalia. Olden do rf, atown of Schawenburg, Weflphalia, fituated on the Wefer. Oldenzeel, atown, the capital of Twente, in Overyfl'el- 'I'he neighbour- ing diflrief is called Sallant, or Zallant, which, according to fome authors, means the country of the Saliens or ancient Salii. Oldelso, a town of Ilolfiein, 15 miles WE of Lubeck. Oldfield, Chefhire, on the Dee, between Chefter and Hyle-Lake. Oldfield, Line. SW. of Market Raifin. Oldfield, Yolkf. near Rippon. Oldford, Middlefex, in Stepney parifh, near Stratford-le-Bow and Hackney. Oldford, Soinerf. between Frome an,d Beckington. Oldham, Lane. 6 miles NE. of Manchcfler. Old Head of KiNSALE,arocky pro- montory of Cork, in Munfter, running far into the fea. It is 4 miles S. of Kin- fltle, O L I fide, and has alight-houfe on it. Hawks a id fea- eagles, or ofpreys, build their uefts among the rock-. Old- Hurst, Huntingdonfhire, near St. Ives. Oldish , Warwickfh. S. of Bal- Ihall. Oldland, Gloucef. near Kingf- wood-Foreft. Gld-M&rrion > in Dublin, Leinfter, near the metropolis. Old-Mill- street, in Cork, M untie r. Oldmixon , Somerietihire, near Bridge- water. Oldmoor , Northumberland, near Morpeth. Oldridge, Devonlliuv, SE. of Crediton. Old-Ross, in Wexford, Leinftcr, 63 miles from Dublin. Oldstoke, Uamtdhire, near Micheldever.' Oldstone, in Antrim, Ulfter. Oldto’i, Suffolk, 2 miles from Leolloff. Oldtown , in Donegal, Ulfter. Oldtown , Norchumb. with the Chapel- Houfe, S. of Boltin glum. Oldtown , Northumb. E. of Oldtown, with the Chapel-Iloufe. Oldtown, Ileref. near Alterinnis. Oldtotbn , 1i orkf. NW. of Halifax. Oldw ark- Spring, Nottingh. near E. Bridgeford. Olczcinde , North- amptonfti. N. of Thrapfton. Oldwives, or Oldwcod Leas, Kent, in Chilham pa- ri fh. Olepen, or Oldpen , Glouccfterf. 3 miles from Durfiey. Olek.cn, a town and_ fertile iftand of France, lying on the coaft of the depart- ment of Lower Charente, 5 miles from the continent. It is 15 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. The number of inha- bitants is about 12,000. They are moftly feamen. In the reign of Richard I. this iftand was part of the poft'eftions of the crown of England ; and here that mo- narch compiled the code of maritime laws, which are called the laws of Olc- ron, and are received by all nations in Europe, as the ground and fubftruCiion of- all their marine conftitutions. Oleron, a town in the depart, of Lower Pyrenees, 10 miles SVV. of Pau. Before the revolution, it was the fee of a biftiop, who had the title of Premier Ba- ron of Bearn. Olezvark, Yorkf. near Boroughbridgc. Olesko, a town of Belcz, Poland. Olika, a town of Volhynia, Poland. Olinda, or FernambuC, a town and jurifdi&ion in the E. part of Brafil, on the coaft of the Atlantic. Lat. 8. *3. S. . Olite, a town of Navarre, formerly the refidence of the kings of Navarre, but now much reduced. It is 20 miles S. of Pampeluna. Vuv a, a fca- port of Ptufliau Pome* O M A rania, 10 miles NW. of Dantzick j alfo a town of V alencia. Olivenza, a town of Alentejo. Ollanligh, Kent, in the puiih of Wye. Ollerset , Derbyftnre. in the High Peak. OUerston , Yorkf. SE. of Pick- ering. Ollerton, Cheftiire, SE. of Ivnot- tesford. *OHerto7i, Yorkf. S. of Sheiborn. Olmeda, a decayed town of New Caftile. Olmutz, a trading town of Ger- many, capital of Moravia, and a circle of the fauie name, .with a college, a riding academy, and a learned focicty. It is wdi built, populous, and fortified, and is feated on the river Morawa, 80 miles N. by E. of Vienna, and 97 SSE. of Breilau. Olney, a town of Bucks, with a con- fiderable manufacture of bone- lace. It is feated on the river Oufe, 12 miles SE. of Northampton, and 56 NNW. of London. Market on Monday. Olonne, an iftand, town, and har- bour, in the dept, of Vendee, 00 miles NW. of Rochelle, and 258 SVV. of Paris. Olonetz, a town of Iluftia, famous for its mines of copper and iron, audits mineral fpring. It is fituatod in the go** vernment of Olonetikoi, on the riveT Olonza, which falls into the E. fi le of the Lake Ladoga, 104 miles NE. of P.e- terfburgh. Olston, Somcrfctf. near Briftol. Olt. SeeALAUTA. Olten, a town of Swifierland, capital of a bailiwick, in the canton of Soleure. Olton , St afford [hire, N. of Stone. Olton Upper and Lower, Stafford Hr. near Nor- bury. Olton, Low, Cheftiire, near Dels- mere-Foreft. OUon-End, or Oken- End, Warvvickfli. N. of Solihull. Olveston , Gloucefterfli. near Auft-Paifagc. Olympo, or O l y m pus, a m ountain of Natolia, one of the higheft and moft confiderable in Alia* the top of which is always covered with fnow ; all’o a moun- tain of Theftaly, 10 miles N. of Larifla. *Omagh, a town of Tyrone, in Ul- fter, in which the aflizes for the county- are held. It is 86 miles NNW. of Dublin. Oman, a province of Arabia, bounded on the N. by the Perfian Gulph, on the E. by the Ocean, and on the S. and W. by extenfive defarts. It is pretty fertile in barley, lentiles, grapes, dates, and other fruits, and the country affords plenty of cheefc. It is poifefied by a number of petty fovenigns or fchieks, the ui oft confide v able of whom is called the* ONE OOD the Imam of Oman. The principal towns are Oman, in Iat. 24. N. Ion. 57. 20. E. and Mafcat. Otnborley, Devonf. near Tor ring-ton. Ombersley, a town of Worcefterf. W. ofDroitwich. Market difufed. Dm B rone, a town of Sienna, fituated at the mouth of a river of the fame name. Omeg'na, a town of Milan. Omer, St. a large and populous town in the department of the Straits of Ca- lais. The hofpital and college here are worthy of notice. It is feated on the ri- ver A a, on the fide of a hill, 8 miles NW. of Aire, and 135 N. of Paris. Qrnei-g, in Cork, Munfler. Omlands, or Ommerlands, a name given to the environs of Groningen. O’M men, a town of Ovcryirel, fituated on, the Vecht. Ommenburg, a town of Mentz. Ommirabi, or Morbeya, a river of "Morocco, which rifes in Mount Atlas, and falls into the Atlantic near Azamor. Omoa, a feaport town in the country of Honduras, in N. America, defended by a fort. Lat 15. 50. N. Ion 89. 55. W. On, a town of Egypt, the ancient He- liopolis, was formerly a confiderahlc place, feated near the Nile, 10 miles NE. of Ca- iro, and had a fuperb temple, dedicated to the Sun. At prefen t it is almofl ruined, and bears the name of Aimkems. On, High and Low, StafFordfhirc, NW. of Penkridge. Oncol , Staffordfhire, near Buttefton. Oncby. Lineolnfhire, N. of Stamford. On £ eheow, one of the Sandwich Iffands, 5 leagues W. of Atooi, contain- ing about 10,000 inhabitants. It’s eaft- ern coaft is high, and rifes abruptly from the fea;. but the cthc^ parts eonftft of low ground, except a round bluff head on the SE* point. It produces plenty of yams, and of the fweet root, called tee, but Cap- tain Cook and Captain King could obtain r:o other provisions. Lat. 21. 50. N. Ion. 161. O'. W.' Onega, or Onezkoe, a lake ofRuffia, in the government of Olonctzlkoi, 120 miles in length, and 40 in its mean breadth, has a communication with the Lake La- doga, and confcqucntly with Peter (bar gh. Onega, a river of Ruflia, which rifes near Kargapoi, in the government of Vo- logda, and falls into the White Sea, near Ones', in the government of Archangel. O s eg Li A, a principality of Italy, near- ly furroimded by the territory of Genoa, -and fuhject to the king of Sardinia. It co nli 11s of three valleys, Onegin, Maro, and Prela> altogether extending i 5 miles from the fea, and contains 53 towns or villages, and about 14,000 inhabitants. The country produces wine, fruits, and excellent oil. Oneglia, the capital, is 30 miles NE. of Nice. Oneida, Lake, in the Irate of New* York, about 20 miles SW. of Fort Stain- wix, is 20 miles long and 3 wide. Ongar , High , Idlex, NE. of Chipping Ongar. Ongar Park, a town in Eflfex, near High Ongar, from which it is feparated by Greenlled and Bobbingworth. Mar- ket on Saturday. Ongole, a town and diftri£f in theN. part of the Carnatic, 90 miles NNE. of Cuddapa. Onhouse, Suffolk, near Stow Market. Onibury , Shropfhire, NW. of Ludlow. Only , Northamptonfhire, E.ofDunchurch, Omieley , Staffordfhire, NW. of Whit- more. Onney, a liver in Shropfhire, which runs into the Temd, 2 miles NW. of Ludlow. On ore, a fea- port of Can ara, on the coafl of Malabar, 80 miles SSE. of Goa. Onondago, a river of N. America, which runs from T^ake Oneida to Lake Ontario ; this laft lake it enters at Of- wego. On rust, afmall ifland of Java, in the harbour of Batavia, where the Dutch build and careen their {hips. Onslow, a county of N. Carolina, and a town of Acadia, in Novo Scotia, 42 miles N. of Halifax. Onslow , SW. of Shrcwfbury. Ontario, a lake of N. America, about COO miles in circumference. It abounds with fifh of an excellent flavour, among which are the Ofwego bafs, weigh- ing three or four pounds. On its S. fide it receives the waters of Lake Eric, by means of the river Niagara; near the SE. part it receives the river Ofwego ; and on the NE. its waters enter the river Iro- quois, which river, at Montreal, takes the name of St. Lawrence. Oodoo an nullah, a town of Hin- dooftan Proper, in Bengal, feated on the W. bank of the Ganges, which is high and bold, and at the foot of a chain of hills. The fituation is elleemed unheal- thy, on account of the forefts in its vici- nity. It was the feat of the government of Bengal, under the fultan Sujah, till he fell in the contift for empire with his brother Aurungzebe- The numerous ruins here and in the neighl>ourhood^ evince his pallion for building ; and the great extent of many of them affords ^ proof of his magnificence. There Rill remai:>& OPP remains a part of the palace, which. In his time, was nearly deftroyed by fire. Here is an elegant bridge over the Ganges, built by the fame prince ; and famous for the vidfory gained over Mecr Coflim, in 1764, by the bte Major Adams ; 8 2 miles ]S\ by W. of Moorfhedabad. Lat- 24. 58. N. Ion. 87. 53. E. OonaLashk A, one of the ifiands of the Northern Archipelago, vifited by Cap- tain Cook in his laft voyage. 'Che native inhabitants of this ifland are,« to all ap- pearances, a very peaceable people, having been much polilhed by the Ruffians, who now keep them in a ftate of fmijeedon. As the bland furnifnes them with fublift- ence, fo it does, in foine meafure, with clothing, which is chiefly compofed of fltins. Fith, birds, roots, berries, and even fea-weed, c< mpofe ifi rfood. They dry quant, ties of fifli during the fummer, which they lay up in finall huts for theiiy life in winter. They did not appear to be very defirous of iron, nor to want any other inftrument, except fewing needles, their own being formed of bone. With thefe they few their canoes, and make their clothes, and aifo work very curious embroidery. They ufe, inftead of thread, the fibres of plants, which they fph’t to the thicknefs rec . bed. All ;ew'ng is per- formed by the females, who are Ihoe- makers, taylors, and boat-builders. They manufa&ure mats, and baikets of grafs, which arc both firing and beautiful. Lat. 53. &. N. Ion. 165. 0. W. Oostborch, a town m the ifland of Cadfand, 4 miles vE. of Slays. Oosteney, a town of Sweden, in the ifland ofOeland,27 miles S. of Borkholm. Oporto, or Porto, a handfome city and fca-port of Douro, in Portugal, with an excellent harbour. It is noted for its itrong wines, upwards of 80,000 pipes of which are exported annually whence all red wines that come from Spain or Por- tugal to England, are called Port wines. The road U fpacious, and will contain a large fleet ; that from Brazil fometimes rides here. Next to Lifbon, it is the richeft, moft populous, and moil commer- cial town in the kingdom. Here is an arfenal for fitting out fliips of war, which are built in the docks. It is feated on the declivity of a mountain, about 3 miles from the mouth of the Douro, and 147 N. by E. of Lifbon. Lat. 41. 10. N. Ion. 8. 21. W. Oppeln, a town of Silefia, capital of a principality of the fame name, with a fine hofpital. The chief tribunal of jus- tice, and the firft confiftory of Silefia, were ORB fettled here in 1742. The principality contains 27 towns, and but few villages. Tc is fortified in the antient manner, and is feated on the river Oder, 33 miles SE. of Breflau. Oppenkeim, a town and bailiwick in the palatinate of the Rhine. Oppmo,a town of Calabria Ultra; and a town of Bafilicata ; both in Naples. Or, or Ore, a river in Suffolk, which runs into the fea at Orford Haven. Orach, a town of Turkifh Boinia. Oram, or War ran, a town of Tre- mefen, in Barbary, with feveral forts, and an excellent harbour. It is feated partly o the fide of a hill, and partly on a plain, aimed oppofite to Carthagena, in Spain. It is about a mile and a half in circumfe- rence, and is fubject to the Spaniards. On t're 8th of October, 1790, this place was nearly deffroyed by an earthquake, little but the exterior walls being left {tending; and 2000 perfons perifhed on this o'cea- fion. It is 160 miles W. by S. of Al- giers. Lai. 36. 2 N. Ion. 0. 8. W. Grange, an ancient and confiderable town in the department of Drome. Jt was an important place in the time of the Romans. The triumphal arch, vifited by connoifiburs, and which is 200 paces from the town, was formerly within its limits. This arch, which \yas much damaged in 1707 ana 1709, was eredted byC aius Ma- rius and Luc fad us Catulus, after the vic- tory which tocy obtained over the Cimbrl and the Teutones. Here are alfo the re- mains of a fine amphitheatre, and feme aquedu6fs, which efcaped the fury of the Goths and Saracens The principality, which is about Id miles long, and 7 broad, cohtains one city, two final l towns, and nine villages. The Sovereignty of it was lodged in the Houfe of Naflau, from 1 598 to 1702, when it reverted to Frederic Wil- liam, king of Pruffia, on the death of Will am ill. king of England, and ftadt- hokler of Holland. By the treaty of Utrecht, however, it was ceded to the houfe of Bourbon. Orange is feated in a fine plain, on the little river Aigties, 26 nnies N. of Avignon. Oranienburg, a town and palace in the Middle Marche, Brandenburg, feated on the river Havel. Oran more , in Galway, Connaught. Oratavia, a fca-port on the W. conft of the Ifland of Teneriif, and the chief place of trade, but the harbour is unfafe in a NW. wind. It contains one church and feveral convents. Orbassan, a town of Piedmont, 6 miles $W, of Turin. Orbe, O R C O R C Orbe, an ancient and handforoc town, in the Pays deVaud, capital of a bailiwick, whofe fovcreignty is divided between the . cantons of Bern and Friburg. Its roman- tic. litualion, the boldnefs of the fingle- arched bridge projecting over the Orbe, the wild fcenery on the banks of that ri- ver, its frequent cataradls, and thevarious .piClurefque views in the neighbourhood, are much admired by travellers. Tt is feated on a river of the lame name, 24 miles SW. of Friburg. Orbitello, a lea- port of Sienna, with a good harbour, and well fortified. It is iubjeCl, however, to Naples. Lat. 42,28. N. Oreoe, a river of France, which rifes in the mountains of theCevennes, 8 miles NW. ofLodeve, waters Beziers, and falls into the Gulf of Lyons, 8 miles below that town. Orbij , Lincolnfhire, NE. of Spilfhy. Orcades, or Orkneys, a duller of iflands on theN. of Scotland, from which, they are feparated by a channel, 20 miles in length, and G in its neareft breadth. Their number has generally been reckon- ed SO, of which 26 are inhabited ; the reft are called holms, and are ufed only for afturage. The principal one, called the Iain Land, or Pomona, greatly ex- ceeds the others in extent. Beyond this bland, to the NE. are feen, among others, Rowfay and Weftra, Shappinfha and Ed- da, Stronfa, Sanda, and N. Ronalfha. To, the S. appear the Hies of Hoy and S. Rc- nalliia, with others of inferior note. The currents and tides, which flow between tbefe iflands, are extremely rapid and dan- gerous ; and, near the final! lfle of Swinna are two whirlpools, that have been known to fnatch in boats and light vefl'els, which were inftantly fwallowed up. The ftrait, called Pentland Frith, which divides thefe iflands from the county of Caithnefs, is fikewdfe very dangerous to thofe who are not well acquainted with the tides and currents; cfpeciallv in paffing the Pent- land Skerries, a clufter of rocks that lie in the E. entrance of the Frith. Springs of pure water are found in all the mountain- ous parts of thefe iflands ; and there are numerous lakes and rivulets abounding in fifii. 'Phe heath on thefe mountains f bel- ters groufe, plovers, fnipes, See. but here are neither partridges, hares, nor foxes. There are numbers of fheep and fmall black rattle. The products of the valleys and plains are bear (an inferior kind of barley) and oats, but no other fort of grain. The climate of thefe iflands is un- favourable ; although they do not fuller fo much from froft and duo w, as might be fuppofed from their northerly pofition. In general, the air is moifl ; and they are often vifited by dreadful ftorms of wind,- rain, and thunder. Their longeft day is 19 hours and a half; their fiiorteft four and a half. Thus, for about three weeks in midiummer, they enjoy the fight of the fun, aim eft without intermiflion ; but, for the fame fpacc in winter, that luminary hardly rifes above the horizsn, and is commonly obfeured by clouds and mifts. In this gloomy' feafon, the abfence of day is fupplied partly by moon-light. But the radiance of the Aurora Borealis con- tributes fiill more efteclually to fupply this want. The. almofl inceflant corruf- cations of thefe meteors, are, indeed, fuh- limely beautiful ; and we, who only lee the extremities of thefe northern phaeno- • mena, have but a faint idea of their fplen- dourand their motions, in the higher lati- tudes. 'Fhe inhabitants are robuft and hardy; the inferior clafles arc adlive and induftricus, while thofe of fupericr rank are dillinguifhed for politenefs and hofpi- • tality. The Teutonic, or Pi£tifli, lan- ♦ guage, was in general ufehere till thelaft„ century; but, except in Foul a, where a few words are ftill known by aged people, it is quite loft. The Englifh language, with a Norwegian accent, is now gene- rally fpoken Tn thefe iflands, although many of the inhabitants ule the Norfe. The principal trade of thefe iflands is w ith Leith, Hamburgh, and Bergen. Their chief exports are linen and woollen yarn, llockings, butter, dried filh, herrings, oils, feathers, with flrins of various kinds, and kelp. 'Fhe Orkneys contain about 23,000 inhabitants, who are divided into 3 pref* byteries, and 18 minifteries. Orchard , Devonfh. between Taviftock and Oakhampton. . Orchard, Dorfetfliire, in Purbeck lfle, 2 miles from Corfc- Caflle. Orchard, Dorfetfliire, in Vv hit- church pari flu Orchard E. and IV. Dor- fetlhire, 2 miles from Bedceifter. Orchard, in Carlow, Leinltev. Orchard- House, Middl. E. of Poplar. Orchardky, Somcrf. N. of Fro me. Or- chard- P or iman, Somerf. near Taunton. Orchards) oke , Gloucef. between Chelten- ham and 'Fewkfbury. Orchard- Windham, Somerf. in a vale between Samford, Brett, and Nettlecomh. Qrcharton > Devon!, near Modbury. Orchcstou , St. George and St. Mary's, on or near Salifbury plain, NE. of Hatchbury. Orchies, an ancient town in the dept, of the North, 14 miles SSE. of Lille. Orchilla, a fmall ifland, or rather a clufter of iilauds, iu the W, l tidies* oe.\r ORI, O R F the coaft ot Terra Eirma. The foil, from its flatnefs, is fait, and, confequentlv, pro- duces few plants. The only animals found here are goats and lizards. Lon. 65. 20. W. lat. 12. N. Orde,E. and IV. Northumberland, near Nor ham. Ord ingen, a town of Cologne. Ordun'a, a town in Bifcay, 20 miles S\\ . of Bilboa., 0 rds all, Nottinghamf. E. of Bedford Or Ebro, along, narrow town of Swe- den, capital of the prow nee of Nericia. Here are manufactures of hre-arms, cloth, and tapeftry ; and they carry on a confi- derable trade with Stockholm, acrofs the Jlielmar and Maeler, by means of the ca- nal of Arhoga ; fending iron, vitriol, and red paint, in particular to that capital. Orebro is feated near the weftern extre- mity of the Lake Hielmar, (being quite lurrounded with water) 68 miles SSVV. of Stockholm. Oregrund, a fca-port of Upland, in Sweden, feated on the Gulf of Bothnia, S-f miles NNE. of Upfal. Orel, a government of Buffi a. Its capital, of the fame name, is feated on the rivers Occa and Orel, 176 miles SW. by S. of Mofcow. Okf.llana. Sep Amazon. Orknburgk, a province and its capi- tal in the government of Ufa, in Ruilia, fituated on the Ural, 180 miles S. of Ufa. Orense, a town of Galicia, fituated on the Minim, 37 miles SE. ofCompof- tella. It is noted for hot and moderately warm fprings, the waters of both which are falutary in ieveral diliemper?. Orf a, or Boha, a confiderable town of Diarbec, which formerly belonged to Pcrfia, but is now in the i urkifh domi- nions. It is a place of very good trade, dealing in carpets of feveral forts, foine ef which are made here. It is feated on the river Euphrates, 83 miles NE. of Aleppo. Orford, a fca-port of Suffolk, for- merly a confiderable fifhing town, but the fea has retired from it many years. Here is a handfome church, whole fteeplc is a fea- mark, and near it are the ruins of an old caftle, as alio of a priory, St. George’s Chapel, and a houfe where feamen’s wives ufed to pray for the fafciy of their liuf- bands. Jt is faid to have had once 12 churches but it has now only about 300 houfes. There is a light-houfe at Or- ford nefs, which is of great ufe to feamen. It is fcated near the mouth of the river Ore, after it has joined the Aid) 18 miles E. of Ipfwieh, and ^3 NE. of London. Market on Monday. Orgariford, a village near Poole, ia Dorfetfhire, remarkalve for the prodigious quantity of pennyroyal, here called organ , that is produced in the neighbourhood. Orgar.nuick, Kent, 3 miles and a half NE. of New Romney. Orgaz, a town of New Caftile. Orgelet, a town in the department of Jura, feated at the fource of the river Valoufe, 30 miles N. by E. of Bourg. Orgon. See Argun. Or grave, Staff, near King’s Bromley. Orgueil, Mount Orgueil, or Goury, a negiedfed caftle on the E. coaft of the ifland of Jerfey, 5 mifes W. of St. Holier. Oria, a town of Otranto, Naples. Orient, or Port l’Orient, a regu- lar and handfome town in the dept, of Morbihan, built in 1720, by the. French E. India Company, who made it the ex- clufive mart of their commerce. 'JPhe har- bour, which is good, but not fpacious, is oppofite PortLouis ? and at the bottom of the fame bay. It is 5 miles SSVV. of Ilennebon. Origuela, a town o f Valencia, with an uuiverfityj and a town of Arragori. Orjiva, a town of Granada, in Spain. Qaio, a' town of Guipufcoa, feated at the mouth of the river Grid , and a town of Negroponte, in the Archiptdago. Orissa, a province of Hindooftan, hounded by Bahar and Bengal on the N. by Berar on the W. Iry the northern cir- cars on the SW. and the bay of Bengal on the SE. The foil is flat and mo. ft, but fertile, and the heat exceffivd. The diftrict of Midniapour, in tins province, is 1 abject to the Englifh E. India Com- pany ) but all the reft belongs to the Be- rar Mahrattas. Oristagni, a town of the Ifland of Sardinia, with a good harbour, and an archbifhop’s fee. it is large, and well fortified, but thinly inhabited, on account of the unhealthy air ; and is fcated on the weftern coaft, on a bay of the fame name, 58 miles NW, of Cagliari. - Oristozvriy in Meath, Leinfter. Orkney Islands. See Orcades. Orlamunda, a town of Alter) burg. Upper Saxony, fubject to the Duke of Saxe Gotha. It is feated at the conflux of the rivers Sala and Orla, 24 miles ESE. of Erfurt. Orla'itQjiy Kent, N. of Appledore. Orlando, a cape on the N. coaft of Sicily, 15 miles W. of Patti. Orleanois, a ci-devant province of France, which, with the Bktifois ami, Chartrain^ig divided into r.he three depart- ment* ORL ments of Loir ami Cher, Loiret, and Eure and Loir. It is divided by 'the river Loir into the Upper and Lower, and is a very plentiful country i Orleans is the capital. Orleans, a large, antient, and hand- fome city of France, capital of the dept, of Loiret. It is built in* the form of an oval, and contains 6 principal gates, 22 parifhes, and about 40,000 inhabitants. The llreets arefpacious, but the houfes are generally ill-built. That of the Faux- baurg of Paris is of a prodigious length. The commerce confifts in wine, brandy, corn, grocery, and particularly fugar, which is brought raw from Nantes and Rochelle. About 100,000 cwts. of loaf fugar are fent annually from Orleans j a great part of which is taken by the mer- chants of Paris. Sheep lkins and Hook- ings, both knit and woven, form alfo a confulerablc article of trade. This city lias, or lately bad, a fociety of natural philofophv, natural hiftory. See. and a public library. The environs are very pleafant; particularly the fubnrb of Olivet, on the left fide of the Loire, which has a communication with the city by a bridge, the boidnefs and lightnefs of which are equally admired, it eon- fifts of 9 arches j the centre one of which is 100 feet wide. Orleans is feated on the river Loire, 30 miles NE. of Blois, and 60 SSW. of Paris. Lat. 47. 54. N. Ion. 1. 59. E. Orleans, Canal of, commences at the river Loire, about two leagues above Orleans, erodes the Forefl of Orleans, and the plain which fucceeds it, joins the ca- nal ofRriaire, near Montargis, and palling by Nemours, falls into the river Seine. It was finilhed in 1682, and has 30 locks in its courfe, which is about 18 leagues in extent. Orleans, Forest of, near the city of that name, contains 94,000 acres, planted with oak and other valuable trees. It is one of the moll cotiliderabie of all Fiance j and the fales of its timber and underwood produce annually about 100,000 livres. Orleans, New, a city of N. Ame- rca, capital of Louifiana, built in the time of the regency of the Duke of Or- leans. In 1788, feven- eighths of it were deftroyed by fire j but great progrefs has bceiVfmce made in rebuilding it. Here are 2 convents, a parifh church, maga- zines, forges, and feme public buildings. The houfes are chiefly of wood, on foun- dations of brick. it never contained above 1600 inhabitants, 'and is feated in a rich, fertile foil, ?.nd with an e^edkat o R n climate, on the E. fide of the Mifliflippf, 54 miles from its mouth. Lat. 30. 2. N. Ion. 89. 53. W. Orleans, an ifland and town in the middle of the river St. Lawrence, a little below Quebec. Orlovs^oe, a government of Ruffia, bounded on the N.' by the governments of Smolenfk and Kaluga, and on the SE. by the governments of Kurfkoi and Vo- ronefkoi. Orlton, Ilerefordfhire, near Richard’s- Caftlc. Or lion , Shropshire, near Wel- lington. Orlton , Worcefterfhire, near Lindriige. Ormond, the northern divifion of the county of Tipperary, in Munfler. Ormesby , St. Margaret's and St. Mi- chael's, Norfolk, on the coafl, nearCalror light-houfe. Ormesby , Yorkfhire, W. of Guborough. Ormesby , North , Line. NW. of Louth. Ormesby , South, Line. S\V. of Alford. Ormshead-Hally Wcll- morland, NW. of Kirby-Steven, Orm~ side , Weftmorl. near Appleby. *Ormskirk, a handfome town of Lancafhire, feated near the Grand Canal, 30 miles S. ofLancafler, and 206 NNWy of London. Market on Tuefday. Ormus, an ifland at the entrance of the Gulf of Perfia, about 10 miles in circumference. Here is neither fweet water nor grafs, it being, flridfly fpeak- irig, no better than a rock of fait. The very dull of the country, within land, is white and pure, as well as pungent to the tafle. It was formerly the greateft mart in the Eaft, being vifited by dip- ping from India, Africa, Egypt, and Arabia, as well as by caravans, who car- ried on a regular trade acrofs the country, and brought with them immenfe quan- tities of the richeft and moft valuable commodities. At certain feafons of the year, there was 'll prodigious refort of merchants from all countries, befidcs fac- tors who conftantly refided iiere, parti- cularly Venetians. The houfes were then about 4000 in number, and contained 40,000 inhabitants. The Portugucfe conquered this illand in 1507, and kept it till 1622, when the Perfians, by the a Hi Ha nee of an Englilh fquadron of 9 fail, took the place and demolifhed the houfes. The trade was then transferred to Gambron. It is now almcft deferted, yet is Hill the key of the Petfian Gulf, on account of the commodioufnefs of its harbour. Lat. 27. 20. N. Ion. 56. 25. E. Or nans, a town in the department of Doubs. In its vicinity is a well, which, duffing OET during the time of the great rains, over- flows in fuch a manner as to inundate the adjacent country. The filhes which it diigorges are called umbras* There is a fimilar well about a league from Veioul. Ornans is feated on the Louve, 8 miles SE. of Befangon. Ornje, a department of Franqp, part- of the ci-devant Normandy, bounded on the N. by the depart, of the Calvados, and on the W. by t lie depart, of the Chan- nel. It takes its name from a river which rifes in it, and palling by Sees, Argentan, &c. falls into the Englilh Channel 8 miles below Caen. The ca- pital is Alen 90*11. Oronooko, a river cf South America, which rifes in Popayan, within 160 miles of the S. Sea $ and, after a courii; of 1380 miles NE. enters the Atlantic Ocean, in lat. 8. 30. N. Ion. 69. 50. W. where its impetuofity is fo great, that it Hems the mod powerful tides, and preferves the frelhncfs of its waters to the diftance of 12 leagues out at fea. Oronsa, a final], fertile ifland, one of the Hebrides, 16 miles W. of Jura. Orontes, or Ell-Aasi, a river of Syria, w hich runs into the Mediterranean, about 18 miles below Antioch. Oropesa, a town of New Caftile j and a town of Y r alentia. Oropesa, a town of La Plata, S. America, 180 miles NW. of La Plata. Orpeth, Durham, in the parifh of Chef- ter-le- Street. Orphea, a river of the Morea, for- merly Alpheus, a famous river of Arcadia. Orpington, Kent, a mile S. of St. Mary Cray. Orr, a river of Scotland, which rifes near New Galloway, in Kircudbrigbt- lhire, and watering the town of Orr, flows fouthward, and falls into the Sol- way Frith, 10 miles E. of Kircudbright. Orrator, in Tyrone, Ulfter. Orr el, Lancafhire, S\V . of Wigan. Orrery, a barony in Cork, M uniter. Orscha, a town of Ruflia, in the go- vernment of Mohilev, feated on the Dnieper. Orset, KiTex, SW. of Herndon. Or- singbury, Northamp. near the Walgrave. Or:low, Stafl'ordf. N. of Blhnhill. Or so v a, a town of Scrvia, built on both fides of the Danube, 75 miles E. of Belgrade. Or soy, a town of Clevcs, on the Rhine. Orslon , Nottinghamf. E. of Bingham. Orta, a town in the Patrimonio; a O S E town in the Milanefe ; and a town in the Capitannta, Naples ; all in Italy. Ort e o a l, a cape and town on the N. coaft of Galicia. Lat. 43. 48.. N. Ion. 7. 35. W. Ortenau, a tradt of country in Swa- bia, fituated between the Brifgau, the. marquifate of Baden, the Black Forefr, and the Rhine. Ortknburg, a town ofCarinth- ; a town of Lower Bavaria $ and a town of lianau Munzenburg, Upper Rhine. Orthkz, a town in the dept, of the Lower Pyrenees, feated on the river Gave- de-Pau, 20 miles NW. of Pau. Orton, a town of W eflmorland, 12 miles SW. or Appleby, and 271 NNW . of London. Market on YVcd- nefday. Orton a, a fea- port of Abfuzzo Citra. Or tun, Northamptonfliire, near Roth- well. Orton, or Overton, Cumberland, near Thurfoy. Orton, Great and Little, Cumberland, near Carlifle. Orton-on - Ike- Mount, Leicefteifhire, near Flog's Norton. Orvieto, a ‘town, capital of a dil- tridl of Italy, in the Pope’s territories.. In this place is a deep well, into which mules defeend, to fetch up water by one pair of flairs, and afeend by another. It is feated near the confluence of the rivers Pagli and Chiana, 20 miles NNW. of Viterbo, and 50 N. by W. of Rome. Orwell, Cambridgelh. near W imble. Orzcell, Wilts, near Bradford. Orwrll, a river of Suffolk, which, rifes in the middle of the county, runs SE. by Jpfwich, and uniting with the river Stour from Maningtrec, forms the fine harbour of Harwich. Above Ipf- wich, it is called the Gipping. Osaca, a town of Niphon, Japan, with a large magnificent citadel. It has a harbour, and is one of the mofi popu- lous and trading places of that ifland. Here they proclaim the hours of the night by the found of different in- flruments o'f mufic. Lat. 35. 20. N. Ion. 133. 45. E. Osbaldeston, Lancafn. N.W. of Black- burn. Osbaldwick , Yorkfhire, near Stock- ton-Moor. Osbasiou, NE. of Shrewf- bury. Osberton, Leiccf. NE, of Bof- worth. Osberton + Nottingham!!). in Workfop parifh. Osborne , Ifie of Wight, in E. Medina. Osbnrnby , Lincolnlh. N. of Pokinghaip* Oscnd , Elfex, near the harbour of Harwich. O sen dike, Yorkf. SE. of Tadcafler. Oseney Island, in the meadows near Oxford ; it is formed by the river Ifis. Osero, OSN Osero, oi'Osoro, a town and ifiand in the Adriatic, lately fubje<9: to the Venetians, having that of Cherfo to the N. to which it is joined by a bridge. The coaft abounds with fardinesand mac- Icarel. Lat, 4.4* 48. N.lon. 14. 50. E. Osey Island, or Osith, St. in Blackwater-Bay, near Malden, in Eftex* in the parifh of Qreat Totham, is covered \\ ' i w ild fowl at certain feafons. Here the coal- (hips forMalden unload their cargoes. Osgarby, Line, near Boothhy Panned. Osgathorp, Lei ccffcrfhirc, near Colorton. Osgcxlby , Lincolnf. near Market- Baffin. Osgodby , Y orkfhiro, near Selby. Osgodby , Yorkfhire, S. of Scarborough. Os l m o, a town of Ancona. OstastorL , Dcrbyfhire,' in the parifh of Sutton-on- the- Hill. Qsma, a town of Old Caftilc, fituated on the Douro. Osmaston , near Derby. Osmington , Dcrfetf. near Weymouth. Osmondston , or Schole, Norfolk, on the borders of Suffolk, in the road between Ipfwieh and Norwich. Osinondthorp, Nott. in Southwell parifh. Osmbndthorp , or more properly Oszvinthorn, Y orkf. E. of Leeds; once a royal village, and the feat of the Northumbrian king, Ofwin. Osmolher- ley , Yorkf. NE. of Northallerton, Osnaburgh, a town of Wcffphalia, capital of a bilhoprie of the fame name, with an univerfity. The beer of this place is highly effeemed in the other parts of Germany. It is fcated on the river Haze, 24 miles NNE. of Munffcr, and 75 W. of Hanover. Lat. 52. 24. N. Ion. 8. 20. E. Osnaeurg, The Bishopric of, a province of W cffphalia, hounded on the N;andW.. by the- biffioprick of Mun- frer, and on the S. by the county of Ra- venfburg, about 40 miles in length, and from 16 to 2 4 in breadth. It is divided into 7 bailiwicks, and abounds in cattle and hogs, almcfi: half of the biffioprick confiffing of heath lands. The chief oc- cupation of the inhabitants is lpinning of yarn, and manufaH nring a coarie k\nd of linen, which is conveyed by the Englifh, Dutch, and Spaniards to Gui- nea and America, and annually brings into the country about a million of rix- dollars. The bifhopric is poffefled by Papifts and Proteftants alternately, the Proteflant being always chpfen out of the houlc of RruniVvicft Lunenburg. The prefent biffiop is Frederick,duke of York, lecorul fon of the king of Great Britain. Ofnaburgb is the capital. Osnaburgh Island, a fmall illand o s T in the S. Pacific Ocean, difeovered and named by Capt. Wallis, in June, 1767. Some hogs were feen here. It is called Miatea by the natives. Lat. 17. 51. S. Ion. 147. 30. W. Osney Abbey , near Oxford. Osorno, a town of Chili, fcated on Rio- Bueno, in a territory where there are mines of gold, 40- miles SSE. of Saldivia. OspHngi Kent, 2 miles SW. of Fever- ffiam. Osset, Yorklhire, 2 miles from Wakefield. Ossetia, the country of the Os si, or Osseti, one of the 7 Caucafian nations, between the Black Sea and the Cafpian. It is fertile, and contains 19 diftridts, of which one is fuhjedf to Imeritia. and the others to Georgia Their language lias feme analogy with that of the Perfian, hut their hiffory is entirely unknown. The Circaflians and Tartars call them Kulha j that is. Bones. Ossinglon, Nottinghamf. near Carlton on Trent. Ossory, the weftern divilion of the Queen’s County, in Leinfter, Ireland; giving name to a bifhopric, the cathedral ol which is lituated at St. Canice, in Kil- kenny. Os sun a, an ancient and well-peopled towm ofAndalulia, with an univerfity and an hofpital, 40 miles SSE. of Seville. Ostagi o, a town of Genoa. OsTALRrc, a town of Catalonia. Ostend, a large and populous lea-port of Flanders, famous for the long fiege it fuffained againft the Spaniards, from July 5th, 1601, to September 22d, I6u4, when it furrendered, by an honourable capitu- lafcn, to the celebrated Marquis Spinola. The Spaniards loft nearly 80,000 men be- fore this place, although, when it was in- vefred, they did nor expert it would hold out a fortnight. It is feated in a marfhy foil, among a number of canals, and aL- moft lurrounded by two of the largeft. of them. Ships of great burden enter thel'e canals with the tide. It is 22 miles NE. of Dunkirk. Lat. 51. 14. N. Ion. 3. l.E. Ostenlianger-House , Kent, in Stamford parifh. Osterly-Park, Middlefex, NW. of Brentford. Ostia, an ancient and celebrated town of 1 taly, in the Campagna of Rome, feated at the mouth of the river Tiber, 12 miles S W . of Rome. The air being un whole- fome, it is now r very thin of people, and gone to decay ; and the harbour is choak- ed up., Ostiglia, a -town of Mantua. Ostorif Suffolk, SW. of Needham. Os^RQGOTHIA* OTA OTA Ostrogothia, the name of the eaft- ern part of Gothland, in Sweden, having Nericia and Sivnderinanland to the N. the Baltic to the E. and Smaland to the '3. O st uni, a town of Otranto, Naples, near the Adriatic. Its territory is well cultivated, and abounds with olives and almonds. Oszcald Sf. North umberl. on the Pi els Wall, N. of Hexham. Here Ofwald de- feated Cedwall, a Britifh ufurper, and here he fet up the firfl croL in the king- dom of Northumberland.- Ofwald w-as af- terwards fainted. Osu'uldedaw y between Worcefter and Speedily. OswaldkirTc , Yorkfhire, S of Helmfley. Oswego, a fort of N. America, feated on the'S. fide of the Lake Ontario, at the mouth of a river of the fame name, which runs from Lake Oneida to Lake Ontario, 90 mile's E. of Niagara Fort. * Oswestry, a very old and decayed town of Shropfhire, feated at the head ' of a fmall river, near the canal between the Severn and Merfey. It has fome trade from Wales in flannels, which was for- merly much more confiderable 3 and is 18 milesNW. of Shrewfbury, and 174 NW. of London. Market on Monday. Oswicczen, a town of Poland, in Cracovia. It has a --great trade in fait, and is feated on the Viltula, 32 miles W. of Cracow. Ota ha, one of the Society Iflands in the S. Pacific Ocean. It lies N. of Ulitea; and is divided from it by a ftrait, which, in the narroweft part, is not more than 2 miles broad. This ifland is fmaller than Llitea, and not fo fertile, but it has two , very good harbours. Lat. 16. 33. S. Ion. 1 151. 20. W. Otaheitee, one of the Society Iflands an the S. Pacific Ocean, about 90 miles in circumference, fuppofed to have been firfl feen by Quiros in 1606. It was firfl difeovered to the Englifh by Captain Wallis, in 1767, who called it George the Third’s Ifland. , Bougainville next arrived at it in 1768, and ftaid 10 days. Captain Cook, in the Endeavour, came hither, in 1769, to obferve the tranfit of \ enus, failed round the whole ifland in a boat, and ftaid here three months. It was afterwards vifited twice by that cele- brated navigator. It confifts of two pe- nin fulas, great part of which is covered with woods and forefts, confifting partly of bread-fruit trees, palms, cocoa-nut trees, plantains, bananas,- mulberries, fu- gar- canes, and others peculiar to that cli- mate, particularly of a kind of ananas, or pine-apple, cafuarinas, apd dragon trees. The people have mild features and a pleafing countenance. They are about the largeft fize of the Europeans, of a clear olive or brunette complexion, with fine black hair and eyes, and wear a piece of cloth round their middle, of their own manufadlure, and another wrapped about the head, in various pidlurefque fhapes, like a turban. The women, who are ac- counted very handfome, wear a piece of cloth, with a hole in the middle, through, which they pafs their heads, fo that one part of the garment hangs down behind,and the other before, to the knees 3 a fine white cloth, like muffin, pali'es over this, in va- rious elegant turns, round the body, a lit- tle below the breaft, forming a kind of tunic, of which one turn fometimes falls gracefully acrofs the fhoulder. “ This drefs,” fays Mr. Fovfter, “ appeared more advantageous to the human figure,' than any modern fafhion we had hitherto feen. Both fexes are adorned, or rather disfi- gured by thofe black flains, occafioned by pundluring the-fkin, and rubbing a black colour into the wounds. This operation is performed upon the youth of both fexes, when about twelve or fourteen years of age. No language feemed eafier to acquire than theirs, every harfh and fibilant confonant being banifhed from it, and almofl every word ending in a vowel. The only requifite is a nice ear to diftin- guifh the numerous modifications of their vowels.” The houfes of the natives con- fift only of a roof, thatched with the long prickly leaves "of the palm-nut tree, and fupported by a few pillars made of the bread-fruit tree. As a roof is fufficient to fhelter the natives from rains and nightly dews,, and as, the climate of this ifland is one of the finefl: in the world, the houfes have feldom any walls, but are open on all Tides. Various little birds were found among the fhrubs and trees, that had a very agreeable note, though common report among the Europeans, has denied the powers of harmony to the birds of warm climates. The birds moft: com- mon are two forts of paroquets, one of a beautiful fappharine blue, another of a greenifh colour, with a few red fpots; a king’s fiflier, of a dark green, with a col- lar of the fame hue round his white throat; a large cuckoo ; feveral forts of pigeons or doves, herons, and ducks. The cloth of the natives is made of the fibrous bark of the mulberry tree, which is beaten with a kind of mallet 3 and a glue made of the hibifeus efculentus, is employed to make the pieces of bark cohere together. Some of thefe pieces arc 2 or 3 yards wide* and N n 50 yards O T E O T T 55 yards long. The colours with which they dye this cloth are principally red and yellow. The red is exceedingly beautiful, and of a brighter and more delicate colour than any known in Europe- Their mat- ting is aifo finer and better in every re- fpedl, than any we have in Europe. They are alio exceedingly neat in making hafket and wicker work. Their fifhing lines are alfo the befi in the world, made of a kind of nettle which grows in the mountains, holding the flrongeftand moft active fifh, fuch as bonettas and albicores. It is re- markable, that though the natives of this ifland far excel moft of the Americans in the knowledge and practice of the arts of ingenuity, yet they had not invented any method of boiling water ; and, having no veil el that could bear the fire, they had no more idea that water could he made hot, than that it could be made folid. i'he only quadrupeds found upon the ifland, are hogs, domeitic dogs, and rats, ■which the inhabitants fuffer to run about at pleafure, without ever trying to deftroy them. The fealupplics them with a variety of excellent fifh. Long nails on the fingers are a mark of diftinedion among the na- tives, as among the Chinefe. The two fexes here eat feparately, as in many other countries. Their burying places, called Morai, are built of feveral ranges of ftones, like fteps, each about three feet and a half in height, and covered with grades, ferns, and fmall fhrubs. At a little diftance is an oblong inclofurc round it, made of ftone, about three feet high. The provifions of the Ota- heiteans arc chiefly fifh, pork, cocoa-nuts, bread-fruit, and bananas. Their pork is exceedingly delicious, and entirely free from that lufeious richnefs which makes it refill; the ftomach fo foon in Europe. They are, indeed, much cleanlier than the European hogs, and have not their euftom of wallowing in the mire. They a¥e of the fmall breed, which is com- monly called the Chinefe, but they have the pendulous ears of ours. Mr. border islavifbuin his praifes of the gentlenris, .good nature, and hofpitality of this peo- ple j and alfo of the beauty, elegance, and grace fulnefs of the air, features, and perfons of many of them, particularly thofe of the better fort. On the coail are fe-vcral excellent bays and harbours, with room and depth of water i'ufiicient for tlio larged (hips. The whole ifland could furnilh about G?80 fighting men. -i he fea affords them a great variety of fifii, in every expedient for taking wliich they are exceedingly ingenious. * ivy* Line. NW. of Cador. Qt-es- Hull, Elfex, 3 miles from Harlow. Ox- ford, Kent, 3 miles N. of Seven oaki. Otham, Kent, 2 miles SE. of Maiddonc. Other toii> Staff, near Penkridge. Gtleij, Shropf. near Ellefmere. O/ley, Suffol’k, W. of Dallinghoe. Otley, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, feated in a charming country, on the river Wharfe, under a high, craggy cliff, 10 miles NW. of Leeds, and 2 02- NNW. of London. Market on Friday. Otmore , Oxfordf. near lflip. Otranto, or Terra d’Otranto, a province of the kingdom of Naples, bounded on all fides by the fea, except towards the NW. where it is jened to Bari. It is about GO miles in length, and from 20 to 25 in breadth, and is a moun- tainous country, abounding in olives,* figs, and wine ; but it is often vifitecl by locufts, and by Algerine pirates, who car- ry all the people they catch into llavery. Otranto, a city of Naples, capi tael of Terra d’Otranto, is a large, handl'om« place, with a commodious harbour. It. is feated on the Adriatic, 37 miles SSE. of Brindifi. Otricoli, a town of Spoleto. ! Ottenw'ald, a fmall territory in th* palatinate of the Rhine, between the ri- ! vers Maine and Neckar, and on the con- ! fines of Franconia, and of Mentz. Ottone, a town of Genoa. Otter* a river of Devonfhire, whir ;k falls into the fea near Otterton, 8 miles* below St. Mary Otter} 7 , and 5 miles E. ; of Exmouth.. Ottcrburn , Hants, S. of Winchefler. Otter burn , NorthumherlA near Ellefckm. A battle was fought; here, in 1388, between the Enghftv under the Earl of Northumberland and' Ins two fons, Henry and Ralph Percy,, and the Scots, under Sir W. Douglas;' The intrenehments, and a number of tu- mili, feuttcred over the adjacent ground, are vifible to this day. Ottcrburn* Yorkf. S. of Settle. Oiterden, Kent, 3 miles NE. of Lenham. Otterjordy So- merfh. SE. of Wellington. Otter ham* Cornwall, SE. of Bottreaux-Cailkx Ot~ ierham Wharf* Kent, in Upchurch parifli. Otterhamptony Somerf. near Stokegurley. OtterbighaiHy Yorkfh. in the S. bailiwick of Holdernefs. Olterington , N. and S. Yorkf. S. of Northallerton. Otter-Marsh - Landy Yorkf. S. of Otteringham. 0/- tersei/y Somerf. near S. Petherton. Ot- terton, Dcvonf. SW.of Sidinouth. Ottery St. Mary, or Autry, a town of Devonfhire, feated on the final! river Otter, 10 miles E. of Exeter, and 16.2 W. by S. of London. Market on Tuefday. Otter y- • O U D O V E Ottery- Mali tins , Devonf. on the Otter river, above Honiton. Ottery-Up, De- vonf. S. of Otterford. Oude, a foubah, or province of Hin- doodan, fubje61 to a nabob, whofe domi- nions lie on both fides- of the Ganges, oc- cupying (with the exception of the dif- tricf of Rampour) all the fiat country be- [; tween that river and the mountains of 1 Thibet, as well as the principal part of | that fertile tra£t, lying between the Gan- | ges and Jumna, known by the name of I Dcoab, to within 40 miles of the city of I Delhi. The dimenfions of Oude and I its dependencies are eftimated, by Major i Kennel, at 350 miles in length from E. to W. and in breadth from 150 to 180. i The capital is Lucknow. The nabob is | in alliance with the Britifh power, and a brigade of the Bengal army' is conftantly dationed on the wcftern frontier, covering Oude as well as Bengal, and keeping the weftern dates in awe. The whole expence of this eftablifhment is paid by the nabob of Oude, under the name of a lubfidy. Oude, an ancient city of Hindoodan Proper, in the foubah of Oude, the re- mains of which are feated bn the Ganges, nearly adjoining Fyzabad. It is faid to have been the fird imperial city of Hin- i doodan, and to have been built by their hero Krifhen. In Colonel Dow’s tranf- lat.on of Feritfha’s hidory, it is men- tioned as the capital of a great kingdom, i 1209 years before the Chridian asra ; and it is frequently mentioned in the Maha- heret, the famous Hindoo work in Shanf- I crit , (the learned language of the Bra- mins) under the name of Ajudia. But whatever may have been its former mag- nificence, fcarcely any traces of it are left. It is conlidered as a place of ianc- tity ; and die Hindoos frequently come hither, in pilgrimage, from all quarters of India. OudenaPvD, a rich and drong town of Flanders, with a manufacture of very fine linen, and of curious tapedry. This town was befieged by the Frencdi in 1708, but they were compelled to raife Me liege by the Duke of Marlborough, who entirely routed their army, (commanded by the Dukes of Burgundy and Vendome) artd took 5000 prifoners. It is feated on the river Scheldt, 12 miles S. of Ghent, i Oudeneurg, a town of the late Audrian Flanders, 8 miles SE. of Oftend. Ou dipour, or Me ywar, a province of Hindoodan, belonging to the Rajpoots, 100 miles in length, and nearly as much [in breadth. The rana, or prince of Ou- tpour, is a fort of head of the Rajpoot dates, receiving homage from them by ». long-edablifhed cudom, but not claiming fuperioritv in any other way. Oudipour, a city, capital of a oircar in the country of Agimere, in Hindoodan, 260 miles SW. of Agra. Ovenden , Yorkf. near Halifax. Over , Cambridgefliire, E. of St. Ives. Over, Chefhire, by the river Weveer. Over, near Glouceder. Over , Gloucederdure, SW. of Chipping-Sodhury. Overacres, Northumberland, near Ellefdbn. Over - Arlei/, Staffordfhire, near Kiddcrminder. Over bet hi lleston, Northumb. a hamlet of Warkworth. Overburrow, Lancafh. S. of Kirby-Lonfdale. Over bury, Worcef. near Tewkefbury. Overbury, Chelhire, near Hyle Lake. Over cot, Northamp, NW. of Daventry. OverflaCXEE, an.ifland of Holland, in the Made. Somerdyck is the capital. Over -Hall, Eflex, a manor of Morton. Overhall, Northumb. near Thirlewall- Cadle. Overkill , Herefordf. near Hope. Over-Isgar , Northumb. a manor of Fel- ton. Over /find, Kent, near Alb. Over- ley, Shroplhire, NW. of Wem. Over , Magna and Parva , SW. of Derby. Over Milton, Worcef. in Kartlebury panfh. Oversbridge , near Glouceder. Overstay, Warwicklhire, in the paridi ot Arrow. Overstrand , Norfolk, near C romer. Overswell , GJoucefterf. near Stow- on-the- Would. Overton, Chefh. N. of Mai pas. Overton, Chefn. between Upton and Macclesfield- Foreft. Overton , Fiintfhire, S. of Wrexham. Ovation* Gloucef. near Ailing-ham. '* Overton, Hants, 8 miles W. by S. of Bafingltoke. Overton, Lancafhire, at the mouth of the Lune, SW. of Lancader. Overton , Northamp. between Lamport and Wal- grave. Ozcly , Kent, in the We of Ox- ney. Overton, Oxtordfli. S. of Chal- grave. Overton , Shropl. near Billingf- ley. Overton, Staffordlh. on the borders of Chefhire, towards Con gleton. Over- ton, Wilts, near E. and W. Kennet. Overton, Wilts, S. of Swindon. Over-r ton , Wilts, near Everly- Warren. Over - ton, Gloucef. in Prtlbury parilh. Overton, W orcef. SW. of Eveiham. Overton ’, Yorkf. 'near Stockton Moor. Overton Longville , Huntingdonf near Peterbo- rougli. Overton Sansye , Lei cede rfh. E. of Afhby-de-la-Zouch. Overton IVater - vile, or Cherry-Overion, Huntingdon^ near Overton Longvilie. Over yschl, a town of Brabant, fitu- ated on the river Yfehe, 10 miles SE. of Bruifels. N n 2 CvERYSSEL, OUN Ovs-ryssel, one of the Seven united Provinces, bounded on the E. by the hi- fhopric of M unfter ; on the N. by Weft Friefknd and Groningen ; on the W. by the river -Virel, and part of the Zuyder Zee; and on the S. by the county of Zutphen and the hifnopric of M unfter. It is divided into three diftin£f parts, which are, the territories of Drente, Twente, and Salland. There ate many morales in this province, and but few inhabitants, in com pari foil with the reft. Its' great eft riches conftft in turf, which is dug up here, and fent to the neighbouring provinces, particularly! lol- land. OtrcEiN, a town of Malwa, in Tlind- dooftan, the capital city of Madaj.ee Sin- dia, one of the Weftern Maliratta chiefs. It i.s, a, place of great antiquity, 200 miles SE. by S. of Agimere. Lat. 23. 26. N. Ion. 75. 56. E. Oviedo, a city of Spain, capital of Afturias, with an univerftty. It is fitu- ated in a plain, ^between the fmall rivers Devil and Ove, 47 miles N* of Leon. Oughteragh , in Waterford, M unfter. r Oughterard, a town of Galway, in Connaught, 119 miles from Dublin.. Gviug , Bucks, N. of Aylefbury. Ovirigdean, Suftex, E. of Brighthelm- ftone. Ovinghafn, Northumb. 10 miles W. of Newcaftle- Ovingion, Eftex, E. of Staple- Bumpfted. Ovingion, Hants,- near ABresfard. Ovingion , Norfolk, N. of Watton. Ovingion, Northumb. be- tween Corbridge and Ovlngham. Oving- ion, York (hire, E. of Barnard- Caftle,. Oulcote , N oiti n gbamfh i i;e, near Blithe. Qulcota, Yorkfhire, NE. of Settle. Quid , NE. of Northampton. Ouldbar- ro:c, War\yickftiire, near • euicy in Ar- den. O Heston, Cliefhire, NW. of Sand- bach. Oulnal, Warw. near Ouldbarrow. OULNEY. SeeOLNEY. Gulp' ill, Gloucef. in Bagpath parifn. Guidon- Hall, Yorkfh. near Eafingwold. Gallon, Norfolk, NWS of Alefham. Oulton, Staffordfti. N. of Stone. Gallon, Suftblk, two miles from Leoftoif. Oundle, a pretty little uniform town of Northamptonfhire, rioted for a well that Ibnietimes makes a drumming noife. Jt is feated on the river Nen, 26 miles NE. of Northampton, and 83 N. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Gunsbe/ r -Topping, fometimes called R semury-Topping, Yorkfhire, a Iteep, high, verdant mountain, near Giibo.ro ugh, in Cleveland, aftording a beautiful puo- fpedt, and ferving as a lea-mark to mari- ners. Qpnstcn, Derby!, near Drcnf.eld. OUT Oumc'eli, Devonf. W. of Kingfbridge. Guram Yorkfhire, N. of Horn ley. Cure, Kent, near Feverfham. Oure, Somerf.’ W. of Porlock. Oure , Suftex, N. of Mailings. Ourem, a town of Portugal, in Eft ra- in ad ura, feated on a mountain, between, the towns of Leira and To mar. Guremouth , Suftex, by Thorney Ifle. Ourioue,. a town of Alentejo. Ousburn, Great and Little , Yorkf. SE, of Borough-bridge. Ousby, Cumberland, near Kirk-Ofwald. Ouse, a river of Suftex, rifing from two branches, one of which lias its fpring in St. Leonard’s Forelt, near the iourqe of the Arun ; the other, in the Foreft, of Worth ; but they foon unite to the S. by Lewes, into one ftream, which entering the Englifh Channel, forms the harbour of Newhaven. Ou se, Great, a river which rifes near Brac.kley, in North a m p to nfn ire, waters Buckingham, Stpny- Stratford, Newport- Pagnel, Olney, and Bedford, where it is navigable. 'i 'hence it proceeds to St,; Neots, Huntingdon, St. Ives, Ely, and| Lynn, below which it enters the Lincoln- Ihire W allies, or German Ocean. Ouse, Little, a river which rifes in the S. part of Norfolk, and divides that county from Suffolk, as it flows weft ward* It becomes navigable at Thetford, and fails into the Great Oufe near Down ham., Ouse, Northern, a river of York- fhirc, formed by the jundlion of the Ere and Swale, which rile near each other in the romantic tracl, called Richmondfhire^ Thefe, after collecting all the rills fronf this mountainous region, unite at Aldboy rough, and thqnce take the name of tlic‘ Oufe, which now forms a large river. It flows through York, where it is navigable for confiderable veflels, and afterward, re- ceiving the Wharfe from the NW. the Derwent, from the NE. and the Aire, formed by the united Aire and (’aider, from the W. and joined, near its termi- nation in the Oufe, by the Dun from the ,SW. it falls into the Humber., Ousgress, Northumb. S. of Alnwick. us ly- Bridge, Staff, ovei the Sow, E. ol Cank- W ood. Oustem , VV arwicki. neai Mere vale- Abbey. Oust on, Yorkf. N. oi Eafingwold. Ouston Ferry, Line, on Ok T rent, in the Ifle of Axholm. Oui Ches- ter, Northumb., near Bamburgh. Oufcsby, and Outcrside , Cumberland, in the pa rift of Afpatrick. Ouilar, in Wexford, Leinftcr. Outseates,. Derbyf. in the High Peak Oitiwdl, Camb. SE. of Wifbeach. Out- wood' ■ O X F O W L *$od Common, Y orf. N. of Wakefield. Ozr desorell, Glouc. in Withington pariih. Ozcer- Mi ctyne , Dorfetlh ire. Ovveura, Oveiro, or Oese, a ter- ritory of Guinea, dependant on Benin, with a town of the fame name, fituated on the river Formofa. The air is un- wholefome, and the -foil dry and lean; however, there are fcverai kinds of fruits, fuch as bananas and cocoa-nuts. Ozccrsby , Line. NW. of Market-Rai- fin. Oxers Rock E. of the Ifle of Wight, Ozcghton- 1 lead, Herts, the fource of that 'river, near Hitchin. Owhyhee, the eafternmoft and by much the largeft of the Sandwich Iflaiids, of a triangular fnape. Its greateft length, from N. to S. is 23 leagues, and its breadth 24. It is divided into fix difiridls, two of which, on the NE. fide, are fe- parated by a mountain, .that rifes in three peaks, perpetually covered with fnow, and may be fecn clearly at 40 leagues dif- tance. To the N. of this mountain, the coafl: confifis of high and abrupt cliffs, down which fall many beautiful cafcades; and the whole country is covered wit_h cocoa-nut and bread-fruit trees. The peaks of the mountain, on the NE. fide, appear to be about half a mile high, and a~e entirely covered with fnow. To the S. of this mountain, the coafl: prefen ts a profpedf of the moll dreary kind, the whole country appearing to have under- gone a total change from the effects of forne dreadful convulfion. The ground is every where covered with cinders, and in- terfered in many places with black flreaks, which feem to mark the couide of a lava that has flowed, not many ages hack, from the mountain to the Ihore. The fouthern promontory looks like the mere dregs of a volcano. The projecting headland is coinpofed of broken and craggy rocks, piled irregularly on one another, and terminating in fhort points; yet, amid thefe ruins, are many patches of rich foil, carefully laid out in planta- tions. The fields are inclofed by ftone fences, and are intcrfpei fed with groves of cocoa-nut trees. There are fuppofed to he on this ifland about 150,000 inha- bitants. It was here, on Feb. 14. 17/9, that the celebrated Captain Cook fell a facrifice to a fudden impulle of revenge in the natives, with whom he unfortunately had a mifunderflanding or difpute. Lat. Of the eafierii extremity 19.23. N. Ion. 15G. 0. W. (hrlcotes , Derbyf. in Searfdale. Owlcr- lon, Yorkshire, ne ,r Sheffield. Ozc'ley, Herts, near Buntingford. Ozvly, J^ent, in Oxney Me. Ozcrnby, Line. NW. of Caftor. Ozcre, Camb. E. of St. Ives.’ Ozcre, Dorfetf. in Purbcck Me, 4 miles TnE. of Corfe. Ozcre, Hants, near CaV fliot-Cafile. Ozcre , Shropfhire, NE. of Atherley. Ozcre-Chapel, Berks,’ S. of E. Iifley. Ozcre- Mi igne, Dorfetf. NE. of Weymouth. Ozcre- Nitty, Dor/etftiire, near Ower. Owresby, Lincolnf. between Normanby and the river Ankam. Ozc- rum, N. and S. Yorkf. in the parifh of Halifax. Owsden , Suffolk, near Dal ham. Owsebnry , Damp, between Winchefter and Bifhop’s- Waltham. Owstpn, Dur- ham, by the Wear, N. of Chelter-le- Street, Gzcstnn, Durham, near Seaton. Ozcston, Northumb. S. of Stannerton Ozcsfzcick , Yorkf. in Koldernefs. Ouihorn, Yorkf. in the S. bailiwick of Horn fey. Ozclfzorp , Notinghnmf. between Cofgrave and Hick- ling. Owton, Cumber!. N. of Wigton. Ozcving, Suflex, near Chichdfler. Ox- borough, Norfolk, SE. ofDownham. Ox- brand, Norfolk, near Cromer. Oxclijf, Lancafhire, on the VV. fide of the' Lime, SW. of Lancafler. Oxcomb , Line. NE. of Horncaitle. Oxcrojt , Derbyfliire, near Bolfovcr. Oxenborn, Hants, near Fail Mean. Oxenbrn, Hants, near Weft Mean. Oxen den, Glouc. E. of Tewkes- bury. Oxenden, Northamp. S. of Ilarbo- rough. Oxeufield, Lancaf. near Iiawf- liead. Oxenjird, Surry, on the Wey, SW. of Godalmin. OxenhuU ', Durham, a hamlet of Darlington, on the W. fide of the river Ikern. Oxenhall, Glouc. near Newent. Oxhenheath , Kent, between Maidftone and 'Fuft bridge. Oxenholm , Weflmorl. 1 mile from Kendal. Oxey, Herts, S. of Watford. * Oxford, the capital of Oxfordlhire, is feated at the confluence of the Thames and Chcrwell, on an eminence almoft fur- rounded by meadows, except on the If), fide. 'Fhe whole city, with the fuburbs, is of a circular form, 3 miles in circum- ference. It confifls chiefly of two fpacious ftreets, which crofs each other in the mid- dle of the town. The origin of the uni- verfity is involved in obfeurity ; a certain proof of its great ahtiquity. Alfred, who refuted at Oxford, together with his three fons, is faid to have founded three fchools, or colleges here; one for philo- fophy, another for grammar, and a third for divinity. It is generally fuppofed, however, to have been a feminary of learn- ing before his time, although it owed' its revival and confaqucficc to his liberal pa- tronage ; and it was. certainly a place of finely at the time of the Normrnn invafion. About the 'middle of the 12tlt pentury. O X F public ledtures on the civil law were read here not more than ten years after a copy of Juftinian’s Inftitutes had been found in Italy. In the reign of Henry III. there were faid to be 15,000 fcholars here, if they deferved that name, the foie objedl with many being only to read and write, while the greateft number attained to neither, and the mod learned ac- quired only bad Latin and logic. Here are 20 colleges and 5 halls, feveral of which Hand in the ftreets, and give the city an air of magnificence. It is thought, that there is not fuch another group of buildings, nor fuch another univerfity, at this day, in the world. The colleges are provided with fufficient revenues for the maintenance of a mailer, fellows, and ftu- dents. In the halls, the ftudents live, either wholly or in part, at their own ex- pence. The colleges are, Univerfity, Ba- li ol, Merton, Exeter, Oriel, Queen’s, New, Lincoln, All Souls, Magdalen, Brazen Nofe, Corpus Chrifti, Chrift Church, Trinity, St. John Baptift’s, Je- fus, \\ adham, Pembroke, W breeder, and Hertford. Of thefe, Baiiol College is the firfl, according to Mr. Camden, that was endowed with a regular and permanent income, in 1260. The halls are, Alban, Edmund, St. Mary’s, New Inn, and St. Mary Magdalen. Thefe lall were ancient- ly hotels, or inns, and were the only aca- demical honfes originally poflelTed by the ftudents of Oxford. Among the libraries in the univerfity, the moft diftinguifhed is the Bodleian, founded by SirThomas Bod- ley; thole of All Souls College, Chrift Church, Queen's, New College, St. John’s, Exeter, and Corpus Chrifli. Among other public buildings are the Theatre, the Aihmolean Mufeum, the Clarendon Printing-Houfc, theRadcliffe Infirmary, and a fine Obfervatory. Ox- ford has lately been embellifhed with a noble market-place, and a magnificent ftone bridge, and is 20 miles SW. of Buckingham, and 58 W. by N. of Lon- don. Markets on Wedncf. and Saturday. Oxfordshire, a county of England, ' bounded on the W. by Gloucefterfhire ; on the N. by Warwickshire and North- amptonfhire ; on. the E. by Bucks, and a part of Berks ; and on the S. by Berks. Its extreme length is 48 miles ; its great- eft breadth. 36- It is divided into 14 hundreds, which contain 1 city. 12 market-towns, 280 parifhes, 451 villages, 19,000 houfes, and about 114,000 inha- bitants. The air is fweet, mild, pleafant, and healthy. The foil, though various, is fertile in corn and grafs. The fonthem O Z L part of the county, efpecially on the bor, ders of Buckinghamthire, is a hilly and woody country, having a continuation of the Chiltern Hills running through it. The north-weftern part is alfo elevated and ftony. The middle is, in general, a rich country, watered by numerous ftreams, running from N. to S. and terminating in the Thame™ Of thefe, the moft confider- able are the Windrufh, Evenlode, Clicr- well, and Tame. The latter, although an inconfiderable rivulet, has obtained feme celebrity from having been fuppofed to give name to the Thames, into which it Hows above Wallinford. The products of Oxfo/dfhire are chiefly thofe common to the midland farming counties. It$ hills yield ochre, pipe- clay,, and other earths, ufeful for various purpofes. Corn and malt are tranfmitted from it, by the Thames, to the metropolis. Good cheefe is made in the grazing parts. The greateft want in this county is that of fuel ; for the woods, with which it once abounded, being greatly dimmiftied, it • is necelfary to fupply the deficiency of ; fire- wood with fca-coal, brought, by a , long and troublcfome navigation, from London. The junction of the Thames with the Trent, and Merfey, by the canal ■ cut from Braunfton to Hampton-Gay, and by another canal, (for which an adl of parliament was obtained in 1793) from Braunfton to Brentford, will greatly remedy this inconvenience. The moft confiderable foreft now remaining in Ox- ’ fordlhire is that of Witchwood, between ■ Burfordand Chari bury. Oxgate, Middiefex, a prebend of St. Paul s, in Wilfdon parilh. Oxhill, War- wickihire, N. of Brailcs. Oxintoji , Gloucefterf. 4 miles E. of Tewkclbury. Oxley , Staffcr^f. N- of Wolverhampton.' Oxlinch, Gloucefterf. in Standifli par-ifn. Oxned , Norfolk, SE. of Alefham. Ox- ney, Northamptonf. near Peterborough. Oxney- Island, Kent, formed by the Bo- ther, near Appledorc. Oxnop , Yorkf. SW. of Keighley. Oxspring , Yorkf. SW. of Barnefley. Qxted, Surry, in the parilh of Stoke- l)abernon. Oxton , Chef, between Upton and the Merfey. Oxton , Devonf. in Kenton, parilh, near Ex- mouth. Oxton, Yorkf. nearTadcafter. Ox-, ion, Yorkf. N. of Kilham. Ox#' ell, Camb. between Bigglefwade and Cambridge. Oxu'ich, Norfolk, near Itainham-Hall. Oyster- Haven, in Cork, M unfter, is feldom frequented by veflels. It is fuffi- cientlv deep, but the entrance is narrow- Ozleworth , Gloucefterf. 3 miles SE. of- Durfley. u PABBAY, P A C PAD P \BRAY, one of the Weftern Tflands of Scotland. It is about 9 miles in circuit, and has corn, marl, and pafture. Lat. 57. 55. N. Ion. G. 7. VV. Pablo San, a lake of Ota'oalo, in Quito, abounding with filh and wild- fowl. On its banks is a village of the fame name. Alfo a town of Caxamarca, in Truxillo. Pacajes, ajurifdidlion of La Paz, in Buenos Ayres, containing fome rich filver mines* The air is temperate, and the paftures are good. Pacem, a town and kingdom on the ■ N. coaft of Sumatra, dependant onAchcn. It is 120 miles SE. of Achen. Pachacamac, a town of Lima, in S. America, celebrated for a magnificent temple, built by the Incas of Peru, and dedicated to the Supreme Being. When Plzarro took this temple, he found an itnmenfe quantity of gold in it, befides what the foldicrs pillaged. It is fituated in a valley of the fame name, about 12 miles S. of Lima. Pachsu, and Antipachsu, two finall iflands on the coaft of Greece, S. of Corfu ; lately fubjeef to Venice. P A C hu c a, a town of Mexico, famous for filver mines, as rich as any in the pro- vince. It is 25 miles NNE. of Mexico. Pacific Ocean, otherwife called the South Sea, lies between Afia and Ame- rica, and is upward ’ of 10,000 miles in breadth. This immenfe body of water may be faid alfo to ftretch from pole to pole. When Magellan entered this ocean, through the dangerous ftrait that bears his name, he failed three months and 20 days, in a uniform direction toward the NW. without difeovering land. In the extreme diftrefs which he fullered in this voyage, before he difeovered the Ladr'one Illands, he had the confolation, however, of enjoying fuch an uninter- rupted courfe of fair weather, with fa- vourable winds, that he beftowed on this ocean the name of Pacific , which it ftill retains. The Spaniards, having palled the Ifthmus of Darien, from N- to S. at the firft difeovery of this ocean, named it the South Sea, although, with rcfpedl to America, it is more properly the Wellern Ocean. On one fide of the equator it is called the N* Pacific Ocean j and, on the other, the S. Pacific Ocean. Packington, a town of Leicefter- flhire, in a retired delightful filuation, within a mile of Aftiby-de-la-Zouch. Packington, Stafford f. NW. of Tam- tt’orth* Packington, Magna and Parvch Warwick!". S. of Colefhill. Pack's- II Hi, Suflex, near Horfted-Cayns. Packwocd, Warwickf. near Lapworth. Pacy, a town in the department of Eure, feated on the river Eure, 10 miles E. of Evreux. Padang, a fea-port town on the W. coaft of Sumatra, with a fort and fettle- ment belonging to the Dutch. Lat. 1. O.S. Padlmry , SE. of Buckingham, on a river that runs into the Oufe. Paddington , a village of Middlesex, which lies by the N. of London, or ra- ther, by the late increafe of buildings, may be faid to form a part of it, and yet the parilh contains many fequeffered ru- ral fpots. A canal is making from this place, which is to join the Grand Junc- tion Canal at or near Hayes. Padding - nick, Middlef* near Hammerfmith, Pad- dinhcini , Lancaf. SE. of Clithcro. Paterborn, a confiderable city of Weftphalia, capital of a bifliopric of the fame name, and formerly one of the Ilanfe Towns. The rivulet Pader rifes here under the high altar of the cathedral. It has a celebrated univerfity, and is 37 miles SW. of Minden, and 43 ESE. of Munffer. Lat. 51. 46. N. Ion. 8. 55. E. Paderborn, The Bishofric of, is a finall diftricl of Germany, in Weffphalia, about 44 miles in its greateft length, and 36 in its greateff breadth. Jt is bounded by the county of Lippe on the N. and by the dutchy of Vv eliphalia and the principality of Wal- deck on tfie S. In the middle of it are high mountains, containing iron-mines} but the reft or the country is fertile in corn and paftures. It is molt remarkable for its bacon, or hams, and venifon. The bifhop is a prince of the empire. Pad field, Derby f. in the High Peak. Paddles tcorif, Kent, 3 miles SE of El- ham. Paddlesuvrth , Kent, 3 miles N. of Weft Mailing. Padley , Derbyf. in the High Peak, near Scarklale. Padmore - Chace, Staffordf. E. of* Bloreheath, Pa- don gre, Warwickf. near Studley. Pad RON, El, a town of Span ilh* Gali- cia, feated on the Ulla. Padside , Yorkf. S. of Patley- Bridge. Padston , or Paxton , Northumb. on the Tweed, W.of Berwick. Pads tow, Devon f. between Hatherley and the Merlands. Padstow, a town in Cornwall, is a place of fome trade to Ireland, Briftol, and London, The harbour is capable of containing veffels of 500 tons at high water, but is_of dangerous acccri, with- N n 4 ’ out PAD out a iKilful pilot, he* ig rocky on the E. fide, and barred with fea-fand on the W. The chief bufinefs here, and along this conft, next to the trade in flate- tiles, is filhing for herrings, which come up the Channel in Odlober. It is 26 miles SSW. of Launcefron, and 243 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Padua, an ancient, large, and cele- brated city of Italy, with an univerfity. It is capital of the Paduano, but is much lefs confiderable than it was formerly ; for great paft of the circuit within the walls is unbuilt, and the town in general fo thinly inhabited, that grafs is feen in many phases in the ihterftices of the ft ones with which the ftreets are paved. The houfes are built on piazzas, which, whfn town was well inhabited, and in a flour i filing ftate, may have had a magni- ficent appearance ; but they now rather give it a gloomy air. The ftreets, alfo, in general, (although there is a great number of beautiful buildings) are nar- . row, dark, dirty, and ill-paved. Padua contains .26 parifh churches, 41 convents, 4 hofpitals, 9 fquarcs, 7 ftone bridges, and 7 gates. The Francifean church is dedicated to St Anthony, accounted the great patron of the city. “ The body of this holy per fun,” fays Dr. Moore, ** is inclofcd in a farcophagus, under an altar in the middle of the chapel, and is faid to emit a very agreeable and refrefh- ing flavour. Pious Catholics believe this to be the natural effluvia of the faint’s body ; while heretics affert, that the per- fume (for a perfume there certainly is) proceeds from certain balfams rubbed on the marble every morning, before the votaries come to pay their devotions* I never prefume to give an opinion on conteftcd- points of this kind ; but I may be allowed to fay, that if this 1'vreet odour really proceeds from the holy Fran- eifean, he emits a very different frnell from any of the brethren of that order whom 1 ever had an opportunity of ap- proaching.” The walls of this church arc covered w'th votive offerings of ears, eyes, arms, legs, notes, and every part nlmoft of the human body, in token of cures performed by this faint ; for what- ever part has been the feat of the difeafe, a representation of it is hung up in ftlver or gold, according to the gratitude or wealth of the patient. Near this building is a place, .called the School of St. An- thony, where many of his actions are painted in frefco ; fome of them by Ti- tian. The univerfity, formerly fo cele- brated, is now, like every tiling elfe in P A I this city, on the decline. Here is a cloth manufactory ; and it is faid, that the in- habitants of Venice (the nobles not ex- cepted) lately wore no other cloth than what was made here; The city, how- ever, fwarms with beggars, who afk cha- rity in the name of St. Anthonio. Pa- dua is featecLmr the rivers Brenta and Bach igli one; in r a fine 'plain; and is about 7 miles in circumference, 22 miles W. of Venice. Lat. 45. 22. N. Ion. 12 1. E. Paduano, a ci-devant province of Italy, in the territory of Venice, bounded on the N. by the .Trevifano. its foil is well watered, one of the moli fertile in Italy, and is about 35 miles in length, and 28 in breadth. Padua is the capital. P adfWorih, Berks, near A iff rmarfton. Padyngcn , Surry, in Abinger p'ar.lE Paefenhoffen, a.to'vm V >,> dept, of Lower Rhine, feated m r the river Hotter, 8 miles W. of Ilaguec u. Pagan, Ifte of Wight, i : E. Medina. P age street, Middl. E. o Edgwofth. Pag ham , Sulfex, S W. of Arundel. Pagle- sham , F.llex, E. ofiStam bridge. Pagmore , Yorki. a mile from Barnelley. Pago, an ifland of Dalmatia, in the Adriatic, .20 miles long and 6 wide, it was, till of late, fubjecl to the Venetians. The air is cold, and the foil barren; but it is well- peopled, and contains falt- works. Lat. 44. 42, N. Pa grave, Magna and Parva, Norfolk, near Swaft'ham. Pailington, Warwiekf, N. of Harborough. Painboeuf, a town in the depart, of Lower Loire, fituated .at the mouth of the river Loire. It is a very confiderable fern- port, whence all the Clips belonging to Nantes take their departure, and where they anchor on their arrival; but at the beginning of tins century, was only a village, ft is 20 miles W. of Nantes. , Pautpil Dorfetl'. Pains, Suffexf be- tween Cue k field and Ditchling. Pain's - Castle, Radnorfli. Painsford, Devonfh. in Afhpringtoh parifti. Pains-Hill , Sur- ry, near Cobham. Painslev , Staff. N\Y. of Leigh, P a i ns w i c k, a town of Gloucefteribire, has a confiderable manufadlure of' broad cloths for , the army, and for the India and Turkey trade ; and hence is brought a ftone, remarkable for its beauty and neatnefs, for the pavement of floors. It is fituated in a fine healthy air, on a brook which . runs into the Stroud, 7 miles SE. of Gloucefter, and 101 W. by N. of London, Market on Tuefday. Paisley, a large manufacturing town of Renirewlhlrc, iu Scotland, it contains fevcral PAL P A I ftveral broad and regular ftreets, which have names defcriptive of the various em- ployments of the inhabitants ; fuch as Silk-Street, Cotton- Street, Lawn-Street, Gauze-Street, In cle- Street, &c. in which are many .good houfes. The principal manufactures are infilk a nd th read gauze, which are fo neat and bea^atiful, that they have been difplayed at court in the birth- day drefles. The extenfive cotton- works .here employ, not only numbers of wo- men, but even of very young girls. Some of the principal manufacturers, who have become opulent, have built elegant houfes for their refidence ; and an idea of their great fuccefs may be formed from this circumltance, that they have been known to pay to the people they employ 5001. a week. “ A fertile' country,” obferves a late writer, “ cheap labour, a fober and fready people, abun- dance of coal, and water-carriage, were circumftances that fir ft invited Englifli manufacturers to fettle in this country ; and the juftnefs of their views have beep fully evinced by the moft profperous fuc- cefs.” At prefent the filk branch, which for fome years pafi out- did that of Spital- fields, is on the decline, but the muflin has come in its room, and the thread ma- nufacture has confiderably increafed. Here are alfo confiderable tan- works, fome foap and candle- works, a manufac- ture of ribbons, and another of inkle or tape. According to a calculation made in 1784, the manufactures of Paifley, in filk-gauze, lawn, linen-gauze, and white ' few : ng thread, amounted to the value of 579,185k 16s. Gd. and 26,484 perfons . were employed in carrying them on. The magnificent abbey for which Paiiley was once noted, is now partly in ruins ; but there is a chapel here entire, which is , famous for a furprifing echo. The flap of a door produces the effeCt of thunder ; and a melodious tune delights the ear with the idea of celeftial harmony. Paif- ley is fuppofed to contain about one- third of the number of thfc inhabitants of O’ fgow; but it Hands on nearly as mu h ground. It is fituated on the river Cart, 6 miles W. of that city. Paita, St. Mighael de, a town of Quito, in S. America,- founded by Francis Pizaro, in 1531, and containing about 200 families. The bay or harbour is, a very fecure anchoring place, the beft, indeed, on the coaft, and is fre- quented by all veliels coming from the north, which are bound to Callao. Paf- fengers alfo, from Acapulco or Panama, d i (embark here, and travel by land to Lima, here being n tolerably good road, parallel to the coaft, with a number of towns and villages for the accommodation of travellers. Here is a fmall fort, fur- rounded with a brick wall, and mounted with 8 pieces of cannon, but neither ditch nor out- work. Paita has beeijL often taken by the EnglHh, and particu- larly by Commodore Anfon,- in 1741, who plundered and burnt the town, be- caufe the governor jefufed to ranfom it. Lat. G. 12. S. Ion. 81. 19. W. Palacios, a town of Leon. Pakefield , Suffolk, near the fea, S. of Leoftoff. Palcenham , Suffolk, 3 miles from Bury. Pakenhill , Gloucefterf. in the parifh of Stroud. Puki/igton t Wor- cefterfhire, near Bromfgrove. Palais, Le, a town of France, ca- pital of Belleifle, fituated on the coaft. It contains about 500 houfes. Lat. 47. 18 . N. Ion. 3.2. W. Palais, St. a town in- the dept, of the Lower Pyrenees, giving name to a mountainous country, whifch produces fcarcely anv thing but millet, oats, and fruits. This town and diftridf, with thofe of St. Pied de Port, forms nearly the whole of the late province of Lower Navarre, annexed to France by Henry IV. who held it in right of his mother, Jeanne d’Albret. The town of St. Pa- lais is fea ted on the river Bidoufc, 15 miles SSE. of Bayonne. Pa lam bam, a town and kingdom on the E. part of Java, fituated on a river of the fame name, about 50 miles from the fea. The Dutch, who have a fort here, purchafe large quantities of pepper at a low price. Lat. 2. 35. S. Palamcotta, or Tinevelley, z town and province in the Carnatic, 74 niiles SSW . of Madura. Palamos, afea-port of Catalonia. Pal a kk a, a town of Bulgaria ; a town of Beifarabia, fituated on the Dnei- efter, and a caftle of Hungary, 22 miles NE. of Gran. Palatinate of the Rhine or Lower Palatinate, an electorate of Germany, in the circle of the Lower Rhine, adjoining France, the electorate of Mentz, the bilhoprick of Worms, the duchy of Wurtemburg, &c. Its greateii extent is about 80 miles, land the prin- cipal rivers' are the Rhine and the Ncckar. It is a very fertile country, though ra- ther mountainous, abounding widi fine vineyards, fields, forclts, meadows, gar- dens, rivers, and lakes. Heidelberg is the principal town, but Manhenn is the electoral refidence. PalatinatKj P A L P A L Palatinate, Upper, a part, of Ba- varia, bounded op the W . and N VV . by- Franconia, on the E.* and Nft. by Bohe- mia, and on the S. by the duchy of Ncu- burg and Lower Bavaria. In 1714, it was ceded, by the peace of Baden, to the Elector of Bavaria. Ambc're is the ca- Palatine-Town, in Carlow, Lei niter, fo called from a colony of mduftrious peo- ple, who were driven from their native country, by the perfcci.it tup; arms of Lewis XIV. of France. Palazzuolo, a town in the Breftan, Italy j and a town in the Val di Noto, Si- cily. Palencia, a town of Leon. Palermo, anciently Panormus, a rich and beautiful city of Sicily, in the Val-dl-Mazara ) the feat of the viceroys and capital of the ifland. It it fituated near the extremity of a kind of natural amphitheatre, formed by high ail'd rocky mountains ; but the country that lies be- tween the city and thefe mountains, is one of the richeft and moftplcafanti pots in the world; the whole appearing a magnificent garden, filled with fruit-trees of every fpe- cics, particularly oranges, lemons, and Indian figs, and watered by clear foun- tains and rivulets, that form a'vnriety of windings through this charming plain. The inhabitants are eftimated by Mr. Prydone, at 150,000. Two great ftreets interfecd each other in the centre of the city, where they form a handfome fquare, called the Ottangalo, adorned with ele- gant uniform buildings. From the cen- tre of this' fquare is feen the whole of thefe noble ftreets, and the four great gates of the city which terminate them. Thefe gates are each at the difiance of about half a mile, the diameter of the city being no more than a mile. They are elegant pieces of architecture, richly adorned; particularly the Porta Nuova, and the Porta Felice, terminating the great ftrect called the Corfu, that runs from SW. and NE. The Porta Feliic opens to the Marino, a beautiful walk, that conltitutes one of the great pleafures of the noblefleof Palermo. It has on one fide the wall of the city, and on the other the fea, whence there is always an agree- able breeze. In the centre of the Marino is an elegant kind of temple, which, in the fummer, is made ufe of as an orcheftra. The concert does not begirt till the clock firikes midnight ; the flambeaux are ex* tinguifhed at the Porta Felice, where the fervants wait for the lie turn of the carri- ages ; the company therefore generally continue an hour or two in darknois, ex- cept when it is moon-light. The con-' cert finifhes about two in the morn ms;. Many of the churches of Palermo* are very rich and magnificent. The cathe- dral is a large, ancient. Gothic ftruriiure, fupported within by 80 columns of orien- tal granite, and divided into a great num- ber of chapekg^iome of which are ex- tremely rich, pWticularly that of St. IIo- foiia, the patronefs of Palermo, who is held in great veneration. The monu- ments of their Norman kings, feveral of whom are buried here, as alfo of the em- perors Henry V. and Frederic II. are of the mofl beautiful porphyry, fome of them near 700 years old. The church of the late JefuitS is equal in magnificence to meft of the ftructures in Italy. The Chiefa-d el- Palazzo is entirely encrufted Over with ancient Mofaic, and the vaulted roof is all of the fame. “ But it is end- lefs.” fays Mr. Brydone, “ to talk of churches : here are upward of .300.” Pa- lermo is crowded with ftatues of fove- reigns and tutelar faints, placed in fmall courts and iquares upon pedeftals of co- lofta'i proportion and taftclefs form. In the ftreets the women hide their heads in black veils ; a very ancient mode of drefs in this ifland. The city is well lighted with reverberating lamps, and, in wet weather, moveable wooden bridges are provided for crofting the kennels, which then become rapid torrents. The har- bour is very dangeroufly open to the fwell and fea from the NE, quarter, and, even at the anchoring place, fhips lie in peril whenever a wefterly wind blows, as it rufhes with great impetuofity through the valley of Colli between the moun- tains. Properly fpeaking, Palermo has two harbours; one made in the year 1405, which ferves for barks, and the Other, finifhed in 1590, capable of receiv- ing veft'els of war, at the entrance of which a light is fixed. Indeed this city has fullered greatly at different periods, by earthquakes or inundations. About a mile from Palermo is a celebrated convent of Capuchins, in which is a vault made ufe of as a receptacle for the dead. It confifts of four wide pail’agcs, each about 40 feet in length, into which the light is admitted by windows at the ends. Along the fides of thefe are niches, in which the bodies arc fet upright, clothed in coarie garments, with their heads, arms, and feet hare. They are prepared far this lftuation by broiling them G or 7 months upon a gridiron, over a flow five, till all the fat and moifturc are confumed. The 1km, which looks like pahr olqurod leather* remains entire, and the* character oi the countenance PAL P A L countenance is in fome degree preferved. Except the bodies of two reputed faints, one of which had been there 150 years, and the other 100, they are all of modern date, as appears by an infeription on a fmall piece of pafieboard hung to the arms of every cbrpfe. fignifying the name of the perfon. and the tirap of inis deceafe. In fome of the higher nilhel they are laid out at full length, and at the top are children of 6 or 7 years of age. On the floors are handfome trunks, containing the bodies of perfens of diftinction, the keys of which are kept by the relations. Here are fome manufactures of fllk and fluffs, and they export in good years about 40,000 hales of raw filk. Palermo is the fee of an archbifhop, and contains an uni- verfity. it is feated on the NVV. fide of the ifland, at the bottom of the bay of the fame name, 162 miles S. by W. of Na- ples, and 235 S. by E. of Rome. Eat. 33. 15. N. Ion. 13. 23. E. Palestine, a country of Turkey in Alia, fo called from the Philiftrnes, who inhabited its fea-coaff. It is all'o called Judina, from the Patriarch Judah ; the Land of Canaan, and the Promifed Land. From its having been the feene of the birth, miirifixy, and death of Jel'us, it has been fuperfti tic ally denominated thfc Holy Land. It is divided from Syria on the N. by Mount Li ban us, or Lebanon ; frbm Arabia Delcrta on the E. by the moun- tains of Seir; and it has the deferts of Arabia Petrai oi> the S. and the Medi- terranean on the W. In length it is about 170 miles, but its breadth varies from 58 to 22. It is, in general, a fertile country, abounding, where cultivated, with corn, wine, oil, pulfe, fruits, filk, cot* ton, tobacco, drugs, and aromatic herbs ; and it might fupply the neighbouring country with all thefe, asit anciently did, were the prefent inhabitants equally in- duflripus. The fields and woods abound with flowers of every fpecies. The parts about jerulalem, its capital, axe the moft mountainous and rocky ; but they feed numerous herds and flocks, and yield plenty of honey, with excellent wine and oil ; and the vallies produce large crops of corn. The climate is exceedingly good, Palestrina, anciently Pr/eneste, a town of Italy, in the Compagna-di- Roma, near which formerly flood a tem- ple dedicated to fortune, and another to Hercules. Palestrina, one of thelargeft and mofi populous of the iflands called the Laguncs, near Venice, Palgravc, Stiff', near Difs in Norfolk. Pa Lie at A, a fea-port on the coaft of Coromandel, where the Dutch have a fac- tory- It is 25 miles N. of Madras. Pallet's- Inn, in King’s County, Leinfter. Patting, Norfolk, on the coafi, NE. of Ilickling. Pallington, Dorfetfhf. a ham- let of Aifpiddle. Pattis , in Limerick, Murrffer. Palliser Islands, a group ofiflands in the S. Pacific Ocean, the largeft of which is about 13. miles long, and 9 broad. Lat. 15 to 16. S. Ion. 143 to 147. W. Palma, formerly called Capra ri a, from the great number of goals bred here, one of the Canary J Hands, about 60 miles in circumference. The foil is fertile in corn, wine, fugar-canes, and fruits, and here are quadrupeds and birds of all kinds. It has a handfome town of the fame name, with a fafe harbour, much frequented by (hipping of different na- tions for wines, thefe being reckoned , equal to Malmfey ; 12,000 pipes, at leaft, are exported annually to the W. Inr dies, and elfewhere. Lat. 28, 36. N. Ion. 18. W. Palma Nuova, a town of Friuli, feated on a canal which communicates with fhe Lizonzo, 55 miles NE. of Ve- nice. Palma, a town of Portuguefe. Efira- madura, feated on the river Cadacn, 18 miles E. of Setuval. Palma, a town of Cordova, in Spain. Palaa, a town of Lav ora ; and a town of Calabria Ultra ; both in Naples. > Palma, a fea-port of Mazara, Sicily. Palma di Solo, a feaport town of Sardinia, on the S. coaff. Palmas, one of the Philippine Iflands, SE. of Mindanao. Palmas, Cape, a promontory of Guinea, on the Grain Coaff, Lat. 4. 26. N. Ion. 5. 34 W. Palmas, or Cividad d,e las Pal- mas, a large feaport town in the Ifland of Canary, capital of that and of all the iflands, with a good harbour, defended by a citadel. The inhabitants, who are, in general, rich, are about 120,000 in number. Palmela, a town of Pertqgucfe'Ef- tramadura, 6 miles NL of Setuval. Palmer' s-Bay, Kent, near the North Foreland. Palmers- Green, Middlesex, near Southgate. Palmerston’s Island, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, dilcovered by Capt' Cook, in 1774, and vi filed by him in his fall voyage, it confilts of a group of P A I PAL finall iflands, about 10 in number, con- needed bv a reef of coral rocks,-' and lying, in a circular direction. This place ad- mits of no anchorage, nor are there any inhabitants on it, though it abounds -with cocoa-nuts, fcurvy-grafs, and the v.’harra- tree. It does not exceed a mile in cir- cumference, and is not elevated more than 3 feet above the level of the fca. It conhits entirely of a coral. land, with a fmall mixture of blackifh mould, which appeared to he produced from decayed vegetables. “ Nctwithftanding this poor foil,” fays Capt. Cook, it is covered with a variety of trees and bullies. At one part of the reef, which looks into, or bounds the lake that is within, there was a large bed of coral, aim oft even with the furface, which afforded, per- haps, one of the moft enchanting prof- pedts, that nature has any where pro- duced. Its bafe was fixed to the finore, but reached fo far in, that it could not be feen ; fo that it farmed to be fuf- pended in the water, which deepened fo fuddenlv, that at the difeance of a few yards, there might be 7 or 8 fathoms. The fea was at this time, quite unruffled; and the fun, firming bright, expofed the various forts of coral in the molt beautiful order j fome parts branching* into the water with great luxuriance, others lying collected in round balls, and in various other figures ; all which were greatly heightened byfpangles of the richeft co- lours, that glowed from a number of large clams, which were every where interfperfed. But the appearance of theft: was ft ill inferior to that of the multitude of fifties, that glided gently alone;, feemingly with the moft perfect iecurjty. The colours of the different forts were the molt beautiful that can be imagined ; the yellow, blue, red, black, &c. far exceeding any thing that art can produce. Their various forms, alfo, contributed to inereafe *thc richncfs of this fubmarinc grotto, which could not be furveyed without a pleating tranfport, mixed, however, with regret, that a work fo ftupendouHy elegant, fhoukl he concealed in a place where ' uvm kind could fcldom have, an opportunity' of rendering the praiies juftly due to lo en- chanting a fcenc.” With ref per t to the animal creation, the moft lingular that Captain Cook obferveu, were fome large eeis, beautifully fpotted, which, when followed, would Life thenyfeives out of the water, and endeavour, vy< til an open mouth, to bite their purfuers. There w.,- alfo a brown Spotted rock fib, about the fize of a haddock, fo tame, that irt- lfead of fwimm'ing away, it would re- main fixed* and gaze at them. Had they been in want, a furficient. fupply might have been bad ; for thoufands of the clams already mentioned, ftuck upon the reef, fomeof which weighed 2 or 3 pounds. LatJh#'8. S. Ion. 162. '57. W. PalmerstoWw in Dublin, Leinfter, 3 miles from the metropolis. Palmyra, formerly a magnificent city of Syria, capital of a kingdom, of which Zenobia was queen, who held it out' a long time againft the Romans,, but was at length taken captive by the Em- peror Aurelian, and led in triumph , through the ftreets of Rome, The ftu- pendous ruins of this city were vifited by Meflrs. Wood and Dawkins, in 1751 ; and a fplendid account of them, illuf- trated by plates, was publilhed by Mr. Wood, in 1 753. 'Phis place, called by the Arabs, Tadmor in the Defert, appears to have been built originally by Solomon, but the krehiteiffure of its admired re- mains, is probably Grecian, coeval with the time of the Seleucidax The prefent inhabitants, confifting . of 30 or 40 fa- mines, have eredfed their mud cottages within the fpacioiis court of a magnificent templexjf the fun. Palmyra is fttuated in the midft of a large fandy plain, fur- rounded on 3 ftdes by a long chain of mountains, 90 miles E. of Damafcus.- Lai. 3,3. 20. N. Ion. 38. 50. E- Palnaud, a dillrieT of rlindooftan, included in the Carnatic, though fttuated between Golconda and the Guntoor Cir- car, S. of the river Kiftna. it is about 70 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. Zimerycotta is the capital. Palos,' a town of Andalufia, with a tolerable tide, harbour,' at the mouth of Iiio Tinto. Columbus fet lail from here on his fir ft adventurous voyage, in 1492. Palos Cape, a promontory of Mur- cia, S. of the town of Palos, and 18 miles E. of Carthagena.' Palotta, a town of Lower Hungary. Palta, or Jam dr 0 , a famous lake of Thibet, lying about 24 miles to the S. of Laffa. According to the Lama’s map, it is 150 miles in circumference ; and in the middle of it is one large, ifland. On the W. ftiore of this ifland, or rather -congeries of iflands, is a mo- n after y, and the (eat ot the Lamissa Tkrccpamo, or the Great Regenerate, in whom the Thibetims think that a di- vine fpirit is regenerated, as in the Great Lamd The word Lama fignifies a prieft, or minifter of religion, and Lamissa is P A N the feminine of Lama. This lake is 12 miles S. of the river Burrampocter, or Sanpoo. Pallcrhm , Dcrbyfore, S. of Believer. sPaltons , Hants, Nit. of the New- Lord!. Paluda, a town of ' Erzerum, feated near the. Euphrates, and inhabited by Mahometans and Chrif^ms. The prince is, in fome refpecis, inq^ndent of the Grand Signicr. Panther, HainpPn. N. of Bafingfioke. Pamcl- Bridge; Sufi ex, near Winche’lfea. Pamiers, a town in the dept, of Arriege, feated on the river Arriege, 8 miles NNW. of Foix. Pamingfon, Gloucef. nearTewkefbury. Pampangan, a town and extenfive province of Lucon, one of the Manilla illands, fituated on the E. coaft in iat. 15, 5. N. Pampellonne, a town in the depart- ment of Tarn, 12 miles N. of Alby. Pampeluna, a town of Spain, capital of Upper Navarre. Jts fquares are hand- fome and adorned with fhops full of rich merchandife. It is feated on the river Arga, 42 miles S. of Bayonne, and 172 NNE. of Madrid. Lat. 42. 47. N. Ion. 1. 35. W. Pampeluna, a town of S. America, in New Granada, famous for its mines of gold, and numerous flocks of lheep. It is 200 miles S. of Maricaibo, and 300 NE. of Popayan. Lat. 6. 30. N. Ion. 70. 50. W. . Pamphil, Dorfetfore, near Winborn. Pampisjord, Catnbridgef. near Whittles- ford. P ampocalia, Yorkf. S W . of We- therby. Par., Ifle ofWight, in E. Medina. Pan, or Pahan, a fea-port on the E. coaft of Malacca, capital of a kingdom of the fame name. It is remarkable for a great number of elephants, and for the plenty of pepper it produces. Lat 3. 15. N.' Pa nam a - , a city of S. America; capital of. a jurifdidlion of the lame name, with fought and broad fireets, and elegant public buildings. The merchandife of Chili and Peru is brought to this place, particularly the gold and filver, and all the commodities brought up the river Chagre. The fops unload at a fmnll ifiand, 3 miles from this place, becaufe the water is fo (hallow as not to admit them to come nearer. Old Panama was burnt by Captain Morgan, a buccaneer, in 1G70, and the prefent town has been built 4 miles diftant from it, in a more advantageous fituaticn. The province contains 3 cities, 1-2 villages, and a great Number of rancherias, or afibmblages of P A N Indian huts. 1 foe are alfo feveral gold mines, but they are npglcdled for tire fake of the pearl fi faery on the coaft. it (rands on a bay of the fame name. Lat. 8. 48. N. Ion. 80. 15. W. Pan aria, one of the Lipari Iflands, barren, and very inconfiderable, being only 5 miles in circumference, it is 8 miles NNE. of Lipari, and 30 N. of si- c^y- Fan ay, an ifiand of the Philippines, of a triangular form, lying E. of Pruagua. It is 180 miles in circumference, and is the moft populous and fertile of them all. It is watered by a great number of rivers and brooks, and produces valt quantities of rice. The number of Indians tributary to the Spaniards is about 17000. Panborough, Somerfeif. W. of Wells. Pancras, a village of MiddJefex, a ’little to the NW. of London. The burying gro.und here is remarkable for being the principal place of interment for th^ Ro- mahifis. At a public houfe near it, there is a medicinal fpring.. Here is an hbfpital fpr inoculation, to which is now added the (inall-pcx hofpital formerly at Clerkenwell. Here alfo is the Veterinary College eftabllftied in 1791, for the im- provement of ; farriery, and the treatment of cattle in general. The noble (tables, and anatomical theatre are finished, but the prefent college is only a temporary building. Pancras-Wick , Devonf. near Brad wor- thy. Panjidd , EiTex, near Becking ami Braintree. Pango, a town and di drift of Congo, in Africa, on the river Barbela. Pang barn, Berkfore, by the Thames, NW. of Reading. Pungden , Sufi'ex, SYY . of Ditchling. Panjab, a country of Hindooftan, be- ing that which is watered by the 5 eaftem branches of the Indus. It was the feene. of Alexander's laft campaign, and the fie plus ultra of igs con quells. It forms a fquare of about 250 miles, and includes the whole fouhab of Lahore, and a great part of Moultan Proper. 'Fo the lower part of Moulton it is flat and marftiy, and inundated, like Bengal, by the periodical rains which fall during our fummer. P carnal, Y orkf. near Knarelborough. P anna fiach-lV ells, a village of Aberdeen- (hire, fituated a little below the Waterfall, called the Lin of Dee, in the valley of Glenmuick. Lt is noted for its mineral waters, which are of a diuretic quality. Panniput, a town of Delhi, in Hin- dooftan. In a plain near this town, a battle was fought in GG1, between an army PAR army of 200,000 Malirattas, and Abdal- lah, king of Candahar, at the head of 150,000 Mahometans, when the former were totally defeated. They loft the flower of their army, with their bell ge- nerals, and the number of pril'oners taken was aim oft incredible.' From that period, the power of the Marhattas has been fen- fibly on the decline. Panniput is 50 miles NYV.of Delhi. Pans anger, 2 miles NW. of Hertford. Pansion , Northumberland, S. of Lear- mouth. Pant, a river in Eflex, which falls into Blackwater- Bay. Pantalaria, an if bind in the Medi- terranean, between Sicily and the coaft of Tunis, about 25 miles in circumference, and containing 3000 inhabitants. Jt abounds in cotton, fruits, wine, capers, olives, and figs ; but the inhabitants im- port their corn from Sicily. It belongs to the king of Naples. Lat. 36. 55. N. Ion. 12. 31. E. Panleage, Monmouthf. N. of Ponti- pool. Pantley, Gloueefterfhire, NE. of Newent. Panton, Lincolnf. near Ancafier. Panuco, a town, province, and river of Mexico, with a bifhop’s fee. Here are veins of gold, and falt-works, which are the principal riches of the inhabitants. It is fcated near the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. 23. 0. N. Ion. 98. 9. W. Panxjord, Norfolk, between Norwich and South Walfham. Pa-oom, a fmall ifiand of the New Hebrides, S. of Mallicollo. Papa, a town of Hungary, 45 miles \Y . of Buda. P apacasth, Cumberlaand, a hamlet of Bridekirk. It is pleafantly iituated on an eminence, within a mile of Cockermouth ; and the Derwent meanders beautifully through the intervening vale. Papoul, St. a town in the dept, of Aude, fcated on the river Lembe, 15 miles WNW. of Carcaffone. Pap pen heim, a town and county of Aichftatt, Franconia. Papplezc'ick, Nottingh. near Newfled. Here are foine large cotton-mills. Pap- zevrth, Agnes and Evered, 1 1 miles W. of Cambridge. Papworth , Nether , I'untingdondfhire, between Great Pax- ton and Hilton. Para, or Belem, a town, river, and jurifdidlion inBrafil, on the N. fide of the river Orellana, 'l'his government com- prehends that part of Guiapa which be- longs to the Portugucfc, and extends 600 Hides from E. to \V. and 200 from N. to S. Eat. 1. 30. S. Paraclete, The. See . Quince y. par Paracomh , Devonfhire, near Comb* , Martin. Paragua, the mofl wefterly of the Philippine Iflnnds, 180 miles' in length, and 40 in breadth. The Spaniards have a fort here, hut the king 13 laid to he tributary to Borneo. PARAGUAjfc^a large country of S. America, in tfi^government' of Buenos Ayres. It contains 6 provinces ; namely, Paraguay Proper, Parana, Guaria, Ura- guav, Tueuman, and La Plata, from which (he whole country is alfo called La Plata, and has numerous lakes and rivers. Of the latter, the 3 principal are the Paraguay, Uraguay, and Parana, the united frreams of which form the cele- brated Rio-de- la- Plata Thefe rivers an- nually overflow their banks ; and, on their recefs, leave them enriched by a flime, that renders the foil extremely fer- tile. This vaft country is far from being wholly fubdued, or planted by the Spa- niards ; many parts being Hill unknown to them, as well as to every other Eu- ropean nation. The principal province of which we have any knowledge is that which is called La Plata, toward the mouth of the river of that name. This province, with all the adjacent parts, is one continued plain for fcveral hundred miles i extremaly fertile, and producing cotton in great abundance, tobacco, and the valuable herb called Paraguay, which is peculiar to this country, and the infu* fion of which is drunk in all the Spanifh provinces of S. America, inftead of tea. They have alfo a variety of fruits, and very rich paftures, or plains, full of horfes, mules, black cattle, and herds of fheep ; but the country has but few woods or forefts. The air is remarkably fweet and ferene. 'Else .Spaniards difcovcred this country, by failing up the Rio-dc- la Plata in 1515, and founded the town of Buenos Ayres, on the S. fide of the river. In 1580 the Jefuits were ad- mitted into thefe fertile regions, where they afterwards founded, at the com- mencement of the 17th century, and with the permiffion of Philip 111 . the fa- mous millions of Paraguay ; which were a number. of colonies, each governed by two Jefuits, one of whom was re6Ior, and the other his curate. They, undertook not only to make profelytesto the church, but to open a new fource' of wealth to the mother country. To this end they re prc fen ted, that they ought to he inde- pendent of the Span ilh governors; and that as the vices of the Europeans might contaminate their new converts, and dc- l’troy P A R P A R ffrcy the great objetls of their millions, ' no other Spaniards lhould he permitted to enter the country. To theie terras the court agreed; they confenting to a cer- tain capitation tax on the natives, and to fome other ftipulations in favour of the crown. In procels of time, the Jcfuits, hv the mofi wonderful Affllrefs and per- fevering patience, and wjjfoout the kyifi degree of force, acquire^he inoft abfio- lute dominion, both eccleliaft: cal and ci- vil, over the natives, whom they even in- ftriuSled' in military difeipline. In 17'57, the king of Spain exchanged the colonies on the E. Ihore of the river Uraguay for the Portuguefe colony of St. Sacrament, which can fed that river to become the boundary of the reipeddivc polleffirms of the two crowns. 'Phis produced an in- furredKon of the Indians, who were de- feated by the Spaniih governor, with the lofs of 2000 of them killed. In 1767, the court expelled the Jefifits from S. America, and the natives, in courie, were put upon the fame footing with the other Indians of the Spaniih part of that vaft continent. Pa Raisa, a commercial town andju- rifdiction of Drafil, on the S. hunk of a river of the fame name, navigable for vef- fe!s* loaded with, 6 or 700 hoglheads of fugar, and which runs into the Atlantic, about 20 miles below the town. The foil is pretty fertile, producing fu gar- canes, cattle, tobacco, cotton, and Braftl wood, &c. The town of Paraibais about €0 miles N of Fermambuco. Paramaribo, the principal town, and feat of government, in the province of Surinam, in S. America. It is a very flourifhing and lively place, every thing that “can indicate wealth and affluence be- ing obfcrvable here. The carriages and drefs of the richer inhabitants are truly magnificent; filk embroidery, Genoa vel- vclts, and gold and filver lace, being daily worn, and even the mailers of trading (hops appear in buttons and buc- kles of folid gold. The flreets are gene-, rally crowded with planters, failors, fol- diers, Jews, Indians, and negroes; while the river, which has a very noble appear- ance, is covered with barges, canoes, &c. conilantly pulling and repafling, often ac- companied with bands of mafic; the {hip- ping alfo, in the road, adorned with their different flags, guns firing, &cc. not to mention the many groups of boys and girls, playing in the water, altogether form a truly pleafing appearance, and add not a little to the gaiety and variety of objedts which io agreeably arreft the at- tention of a curious ft ranger. The ladies are uncommonly elegant in their drefs and keep their houfes and i'urriiture ex- tremely clean. They ufe the fineit linen, exquifitely well warned with Cafiilian foap, which can only be refembled to mountain know, and which, in compute rifon, would make the bed bleached linen in Europe, appear like canvas. The town is very extenfive, and remarkably clean, and the houfes, (which arc about 1400 in number) are extremely well built. All the Erects arc perfectly ftra : t, and fome of them, at lead, a mile long; they are all paved, or laid with fand and fine! Is mixed, which bind together and grow hard, partly refcmbkng the walks in a garden or pleafure- ground. Rows of orange trees, lemons, fhacfdccks, and ta- marinds, are planted on each fide, at the difiance of 10 or 12 feet from the houfes, and which, in the months of May and June, diffufe a mod delicious fragrance. Thewarehoufes, for the fforing of goods, and the gardens that adjoin the houfes, include more fpace than is ufually allow- ed in towns, which im prelies the fpecla - tor with an idea that he is in a fine, ex- tenfive village. Lat. 5. 4S. N. Lon, 53, 11. W. ~ Parana, a province of Paraguay, fo named from a large river, which rife's in about lat. 18. S. and uniting with the Paraguay, in lat. 28. S. and afterwards with the Uraguay, forms the Rio-de-la- Plata. Parbold, Lancafliire, NW. of Wigan. Parcassick , Monmouthf. N. of C hep- flow. Parc him, a town of Mecklenburgh. Pardo, a royal palace near Madrid. Par (Ishaii', or Par else a, Cumberland, a hamlet of Dean, near the Lake of Lowf- water, 4 miles from Cockcrmouffl. Pa renzo, a fea-port of the late Vene- tian Iltria. Parga, a fea-port of the late Venetian Albania, eppofite the Ifland of Corfu, and 26 miles W. of Arta. it is inhabited by Greeks and Albanefe, and is feated on a rock . Parham, Suffolk, on the river Ore, near Framlingham. Parham, Suflex, near Am- berley. Paria, or New A ndalusia, a coun- try. of Terra Firm a, E. 6f Cu.mm, and NE. of the river Oronoko. Between the continent and the ifland of Trinidad, is a large bay, called the Gulph of Faria. Paria, a uifiridl of La Plata, in S. America, abounding in all kinds of cattle. Pari l la, PAR P A R Pa rill a, or Santa P aril la, a town of Peru, in the audience of Lima, 50 miles S. of Truxillo. Paris, the capital of France, one of the largefr, fined, and moft populous ci- ties of Europe. The river Seine, which erodes it, forms 3 frnall iflands, called the Ifland of Louviers, the Notre Dame, and the Palace, which lad is the ancient city of Paris. 'Fhc ifland of the Palace takes its name from a building which was for- merly the refidcnce of the kings, and afterwards was religned to the parliament. Clovis 1. after the defeat of Alaric, made Parjs the capital of his kingdom. Its cir- cuit was much extended by Philip Au- guftus. it was greatly embellifhed by Francis I. and his fucceflbrs. The inha- bitants arexoinputcd to he 800,000. It is 2 leagues in diameter, and 6 in cir- cumference, including the fuburbs. It is fuppofed to contain 870 iireets, and 24,000 houfes, among which are many of five, fix, and even Seven dories. The rivers Yonne, Marne, and Oife, by their jundlion with the Seine, convey to Paris the commodities of Burgundy, Cham- pagne, and Picardy; and this lad river fur- n idles it with the riches of Normandy, and the. fea, which is at the didance of 4£ leagues. By means of the Loire, the Allier, and the canals of Orleans and Bri- are, and by the Vienne, it has communi- cations with the other parts of the country. There are nine principal bridges in Paris, two of which occupy the whole breadth of the Seine; namely, the Pont Need and the ci-devant Pont Royal ; to which may be added the unfinilhed ci-devant •Pont Royal ; to which may be added the unfinifhed ci-devant Pont de Lewis XVI. begun in 178 . The Pont Neuf, the fined and mod frequented of all the bridges, is 1020 feet long, by 72 broad, and has 12 arches; 7 of which are on the lide of the Louvre, and 5 on the fide of the dreet Dauphine. In the fecond arch of this bridge, on the fide of the Louvre, is the Chateau de la Samaritaine (the W o- man of Samaria) a frnall timber building of 3 dories, condrudled, in 17 12, on piles, and lately repaired. In the infide is a pump, which railcs the water ol the river, to didribute it by ' pipes to the Louvre, the Tuilcries, Sec. The other bridges are Pont St. Michel, Pont-au- Change, ie- Petit-Pom, Pont-Notre- Dame, Pont de la Tournclle, Pont- M.uie, and the Pont-Rouge. 'I 'his lad, which is a timber bridge, painted red, is the point of communication between the 111 e- Mi-Palais, and Idc St. Lewis. The public fountains are very numerous, and onfoine of them is displayed very elegant $ fculpture. The public places, Squares, See. are alfo numerous' and elegant. The fined are the Place- Dauphin, of a trian- gular form, built, and fo named, by [lenry IV. in memory of the birth of Lewis XIII. ; ~th e Place Royale, in which was the equeftfcan datue, of Lewis XIII. in bronze ; tile Place- Vendome, a Square with the angles truncated, in which was the equedrian datue, in bronze, of Lewis XIV. in a Roman habit; the Place-des- ' Vidloires, of a circular form, in which was a datue of the lame king, crowned by the heathen goddefs Victory, with this inscription, Viro Tmmortali ; and the Place- de-Lewis XV. of an odiagon form, in which was an equeltrian datue, in bronze, of that monarch. This fquare, which is now called the Place-de-la-Rc- volution, was the fatal Scene of the exe* . cution of the unfortunate Lewis XVI. and afterward of his unhappy confort, ‘ Made Antionette, the former on the 2 id cf January, and the latter on the 16th of October, 1793. There are 3 trium- •' phal arches, credted to Lewis XIV. and 'known by the names of Porte St. Ber- nard, Port St. Denis, and Porte St. Martin. The mod interesting of the ? manufactures of Paris is that of the Go- - . belins (fo called from a family of cele- brated dyers, fettled in this city in 1540) ' | in which tapedries are made after the pic- 2 tures of the greateft mafters, to luch per- fedfion, that one, representing Lewis XV. a whole length, framed, and placed ‘ among the maderpiece? of painting, was taken, for many days, by multitudes of ‘ vifitors, for a fjnidied piece. The ma- lt ufadlure of plate-glafs likewife merits ' attention. i lie cathedral of Notre- Dame, a Gothic drudfure, is one of the larged in Europe, and contains 45 cha- pels. Next to the cathedral, the mod didinguilhed churches were St. Sid pice, St. Eufiache, St. Gervais, St. Etienne- ' pu-Mont, the old one of St. Genevieve, ; the new one of St. Genevieve (now- called the Pantheon), thofe of St. Severin St. Roch, and V al-de -Grace. The fined college in Paris was that of the Four Nations, called alfo Mazarin, from the name of the cardinal, its founder. There w< re lately 6 academies in Paris ; namely, the French academy, founded by the cardinal Richilicu ; that of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres, by Lewis XIV. ; that of the Sciences; and thofe of Painting and Sculpture ; Architecture ; and Chi- rurgery. Among the public libraries* PAR. PAR : that lately called die king’s, holds the firfl rank, in refpecf both to the extent of the buildings, and the number of the volumes. The other libraries are thofe of St. Genevieve, the College of Ma- | zarin, St. Victor, of the Doctrinaires, of the Advocates, and of the faculty of Medicine. That of St. Germain-des- Pres, one of the richeft in Trance, con- taining between 1 5 and 2o,000- manu- | fcripts, and near 100,000 volumes, is open every day to men of letters. The Royal 'now National) Obfervatory is built of freeftone, as neither iron nor wood form any part of the erection. The Botanical Garden is exter.five. The 4 principal palaces are the Louvre, the Tuileries, the Palais-Royal, now ie Pa ; - lais d’Egalite, and the Luxemburg. The Louvre is diltinguifhed into the Old and New. The Old Louvre was begun by Francis T. in 1528; and the grand gal- lery, 1362 feet long and 30 broad, which joins it td the Tuileries, was begun un- der Charles IX. and fmilhed by Lewis XIV. who likewife built, in 1665, the New Louvre. But it is ftill an unfin ifhed ftrufilure. In feme of the apartments, the ancient academies, viz. the French Academy, for the improvement of the French language ; the Royal Academy of Infcriptions and Belles Lettres; the Royal Academy .of Sciences ; and the Royal Academy of Paintings and Sculpture ; have held their fittings : and in others are the work-lhops and lodging -rooms of artifts. The Tuileries, begun in 15.64, by Catherine of Medicis, conti- nued by Henry IV. and completed by Lewis XIV 7- . takes its name from its fitu- ation in a place in which were formerly many tile- kilns (tuileries) which for three or four centuries, furnifhed the' greatelt part of the tiles ufed in Paris. .The riding-houfe, belonging to it, is the place chofen by the national aflembly for their fittings, when they removed from Verfailles in 1789. The garden of the Tuileries, in front of the palace, and on the banks of the Seine, is unquefiionably the fined public walk in Paris. The Palais Royal, in the interior, has been recently embelliihed with many beautiful buildings, with lhops, coltee-houles, and a garden, which render it like a perpetual fair, and one of the mod pleafing walks in the city. The gardens of the palace of Luxemburg, alfo form a fine prome- nade. The Hctel-des-Invalides, for the wounded and fuperannuated foldiery, is a magnificent ftrubture, built by Lewis XI V. ; as is the Military School, in the Champ-de-Mars, which was founded by Lewis XV. Here are alfo grand thea- tres. The Monnoie, or Mint, is an elegant building, fituated on that fide of the Seine, which is oppofite the Louvre* The Hotel-de-Ville, or Guildhall of the city, is an ancient drudlure, in the Place- de-Greve, which was heretofore the com- mon place of execution. Before the re- volution, Paris was the fee of an arch- b: (hop, and contained 61 parilh churches, 2 1 parochial, 1 7 collegiate churches ; among which were 13 chapters, 40 cha- pels, 3 abbeys, 22 priories, and 50 con- vents for men, eccleiiaftical .and lecular ; 7 abbeys, 6 priories, and 53 convents for women ; 12 feminaries, and 16 hofpi- tais, 6 of which were appropriated to deferted children. Paris forms, with a fmall diftri£t round it, one of the depart- ments of France, and is 245 miles SE. of London, Q25 NW. of Vienna, and 630 NE. of Madrid. Lat. 48. 50. N. Ion. 2. 25. E. Parky Dorfetlh. in the parifh of Broad- Windfor. Parky life of Wight, in W. Medina. Park, Staffordfhire, near Of- weftry. Park, Weftmorl. S. of Grolby Ravenfworth. Parkbury , Hertfovdlhire, near Colney-Street. Park-End , Gloucef. in Haresfield parilh. P ark- Farm-Place, Kent, in Eltham parilh. Park-Gate , Middlesex, W. of M'ufwcll-Hill. Parkgate, a fea-port of Chefhire, from whence packet-boats regularly fail to Ireland. It is feated on the NE. coaft of the river Dee, 12 miles NW. of Chef- ter, and 194 NW. of London. Park , Great , Leicef. between A Ih by- de-la- Zouch and Stanton-Harold. 'Park- Hall or Priory , Efiex, near St. Ofyth. Park- Hall, Efiex, SE. of Eppjng. Park- Hall , Northumb. near Cafile Bromwich. Park-Hall, Shroplhire, N. of Gfwefiry. Park Hall, Stkfi'ordf. SE. of Bucknell. Parkham, Devonf. W. of Monkleigh. Parkhead, Northumb. near Harbottle- Caftle. Park hill, Staifordfmre, NW. of Uttoxeter. Parkhor.se , Yorkshire, near Gifborough. Parkhov.se , Hants, E. of Lemington. Parklathes , Nottingham! - , in Kelharn lordlhip. Park , New, Lan- calhire, near Ormlkirk. Park oj th£ Hay, Yorklhire, between Rorought. ridge and Knarefoorough. Park pill, Mon- mouthlhire, near Caerleon. Parks ton, Dorfetlfiire, 2 miles from Pool. Park- street, Herts, S. of St. Albius. Purlieu , Ilampf. NW. of Chriftchurch. Parling- ton, Yorkf. between Leeds and Tadcafter. Parma, an ancient, populous, and handforae town of Italy* capital of the O © duchy P A I! 1 / duchy of the fame name, with a citadel and a univerfitv. It has a magnificent cathedra 1 !, and the largefi and moft bean tifnl opera-houfe in Italy, which w.ll contain 12,000 fpeclators. The fireets are firait and broad, and the hoiifes well- built, and, for the moft part, painted. J he principal fireets meet in the centre, where they form a handfome fquare. The dome,- and the church of Si. John, are painted bv the famous Corregio, who was a nati ve of this place. Don Carlos, king of tire two Sicilies, carried away a library from this place to Naples, which con- tained 1 NO-00 volumes, and a very va- luable cabinet erf curiofities, as aifo the rich collection of medals. In 1741, by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapclle, the duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Guafial la, were given to Don Philip, brother to Don Carlo.s-above mentioned. The number of inhabitants is efiimated at 40,000. The principal trade of the place confifis in dockings, and fome other articles in {ilk, and it has lately been celebrated for its l>eautiful printing, from the prefies of Bodoni. It is l'eated on the river Parma, 64 miles SSE. of Milan. Lat. 44. 50. N. Ion. 10. 30. E. Parma, the duchy of, a province of Italy, bounded on the N. by the Po, on the NE. by the Mantuan, on the E. by the duchy of Modena, on the S. by Tufcany and Genoa, and on the W. by Genoa and the territory of Pavia. Under this name are commonly included the duchy of Parma Proper, the duchy of Piacenza, and the duchy of Guaftalla. The air is very wholefome, and the inha- bitants often live to a great age. The foil is fertile in corn, wine, oil, hemp, chefnuts and fruits j the pafiurcs feed a great number of cattle and (beep, whole wool is excellent, and the chcel'e is in high efiimation. Here are fome confiderablc mines of copper and filver, and plenty of truffles. In 1345, the pope granted this duchy to his natural fon, Peter Aloyfius, or, Parnefe, the founder of the family of Fanvefe. Elizabeth Farnefq, the only heirets of the lafi duke, becoming queen of Spain, obtained Parma and Placepza for her fons, and fo it Was fettled at the peace of A ix- la- Chapel! e. J’artns/cd, Kent, near Kingfion. ParnaA.so, anciently Parnassus, a celebrated mountain of Livadia, in Greece. It has two beads, one of which was for- merly famous for being confecrated to Apollo and the Mufes, -and. the other to Bacchus. It is the higheft in Greece, and from the top of it is a prolpcdf as far P A R as Corinth. Here alfo is a fine fountain 1 , fuppofeil to he the ancient Cafialia. It is 8 miles N. ofLivadia. Partition , Great and Little , Efiex, be- tween Nettlelwell and Roydon. Pam - hum , Dorletf. 5 miles if. ofBridport. Paros, an ifiand of the Archipelago, one of the Cyclades, about 36 miles in circumference, and containing about 1500 families. The foil is well cultivated, and the pafiurcs feed a great number of flocks. Their trade confifis in wheat, barley,: wine, pulfe, and calicoes ; and in fine white marble alfo, which has long been in .efiimation for foulpture. Before the war of Candy, it produced a great deal of oil, but the Venetian army burnt all the olive- trees. They have a great number of par- tridges and pigeons, which they fell very cheap. This illanil was anciently dedi- cated to Bacchus, on account of its excel- lent wines. The famous Chronicle of Paros, at Oxford, was brought from hence in 1627* by Thomas Howard, earl of Arundel, who, in 1667, made a prefent of it to the univerfity of Oxford. The inferiptiqn on it purports to have been: made 264 years before the chrifiian sera,: and contains a fpace of above 300 years. It lies W. of Naxia. Paros, a town of the Archipelago, ca- pital of the Ifie of Paros ; anciently it was the largeft town of the Cyclades, but it is at prefent much reduced. The walls of the caftle are built of ancient pieces of marble, moft of the columns of which, are placed length ways. Some of them that fiand upright, fupport cornices of. amazing fize. The natives build their houfes with marble, which they find 1 ready cut to their hands. Their fields, likewiie are enclofed with friezes, altars, and bafib- relievos J however, the Englifiv French, and Venetians, have carried away the fineft pieces they could meet with. The inhabitants are fo ignorant now, that, inftead of great fculptors, and ikilful archite£ls, they have nothing hut carvers of mortars and falt-cellers. Paros is feat- ed on the fouthern coafi of the iliand, in lat. 37. 8. N. Ion. 25. 44. E. Parr, Lancaf. 3 miles from Prefcot. Parramatta, a town or iettlement of Englifli conviffls, in New S. Wales. It is feated at the head of the harbour of Fort-Jackfon, 11 miles W. of Sydney- Covc, between Role Hill and the landing- place in the creek which forms ihe head. In November 1.91, near 1000 acres of land were either in cultivation, or cleared for that purpofe. The foil, in molt places, was found to be remarkably good, and. to j want PAR want cultivation only to be fit For any ufe. for the ground that has been the longcft Tin cultivation bears the bell crops. Lat. |33. .50. S. Ion- 151. 39. E. Par ret, a river of Somerfetlhire, which rifes in the fouth part of the coun- ty, receives the Ordred, Ivel, and Thonc, and enters the Brilfol Channel at Bridgc- i water- Bay. The tide rulhes up this river w ith prodigious velocity and roaring, j P arret, Northy Someri. near Crewkern I and the fource of the. Parret. Parrety South, Dorfetf. near Be mi niter. Par rocks, i|Kent, in Gravefend parilh. Parrys, Ef- rfex, near North Weald. Parfonby, Cumb. in the parilh of Plumbland, near Afpatria. Parson Drove , Camb. near Wilbeach. Parson s Green , Middl. inFulham parilh. Parson's- Street, Middlefex, near Hendon. I Purteen, in Clare, Munller, pleafantly feated on the Shannon. Pa rten kirch, a town of FreySng, Bavaria. Partkenay, a town in the dept, of Two Sevres, feated on the river Thoue, 1 17 miles SSvV. of Thouars. , Partington, Chelhire, NW. of Altring- i ham. Partney, Lincolnf. N. of Spillby. Parton, a fea-port of Cumberland, with a harbour lately improved by adt of parliament, fo as to be capable of receiv- ; ing fmall vellels carrying coals, &c. to ! Ireland. It llands near Morelby, 3 miles N. of Whitehaven. Parton, Cumb. a hamlet in Thurfby parilh. Partridge-Green, Sufiex, in the parilh of Eaft Gnnftead. Parweck, Der- bylhire, in Alhborn parilh. Parys, a mountain, part of the moun- tain of Tryfclwyn, in the Ille of Angle- fev, famous for a copper mine, probably the largeft bed of ore of that metal hi- therto difcovered in the world. It i? not wrought in the common manner of fub- terraneous mines, but, like a ftone quarry, open to day ; and the quantities of ore raifed are prodigious. The ore is poor in quality, and very abundant in fulphur. The purell part is exported raw to the fmelting works at Swanfea, and other places : the more impure is firlt calcined and deprived of moll of its fulphur on the fpot. Quantities of nearly pure cop- per are obtained from the waters lodged beneath the bed of ore, by the interven- tion of iron. A lead ore, rich in lilver, is alfo found in this mountain. The .wealth and population of Anglefey have received a great increafe from the difeo- very of this copper mine, on March 2, 1768 j a day which has been ever lince •bferved us a feftival by the miners. An PAS idea of the prodigious wraith of thefe mines may be formed, by cwiilidering that the Macclesfield company have had at once 14,000 tonu of ore upon bank, and the Rev. Edward Hughes, 30,000. The whole of the treafure is the property of Sir Nicholas Rayley, and Mr. Hughes. Pas, a town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais, 12 miles SW. of Arras. Pas de Calais, or Straits of Ca- lais, one of the departments of France, containing the late diftridls of Pays Re- conquis, and the Boulonnois, in Picardy, and part of Artois, Arras is the capital. Pashey, Sullex, near Tifehurlt. Passages, Los, a fea-port of Spain, in the territory of Guipufeoa. The har- bour is very fpacious within, though nar- row at the entrance, and remarkably fe- cure from all winds. It is 3 miles E. of St. Sebaltian. Passage, Cornwall, by Helford Haven. Passage, Gloucederlhire, by Tewkelbury. Passage, in Cork, Munller, oppofite Great Ifland, on which the town of Cove is lituated. Large vellels are lightened here before they can go up to the city of Cork, the channel higher up admitting only thofe of 150 tons, when laden, though it llretches from Ihore to Ihore, above a mile. Passage, in Waterford, Munller, fit u- ated on the N. fide of a fteep hill. Here is an excellent road, where 500 fail of Ihips may ride fafely, and which is the 11a- tion of the packet-boats from Waterford, to Milford-Haven. Passaro, a town of Noto, in Sicily. Passaro, Cape, anciently called Pa- chi nus, the SE. point of the Idand of Sicily. It is not a peninfula, as is com- monly reprefented in the maps, but a wretched barren illand, about a mile round ; with a fort, to protedl the neigh- bouring country from theincurlionsof the Barbary corfairs, who are often very trou- blefome on this part of the coalt. This illancj and fort arc feparated from the reft of Sicily by a llrait of about half a mile broad. Lat. 36. 35. N. Ion. 15. 22. E. Passaro, a cape of Janna, in Greece, between the Gulfs of Armiro and Zeton. PassaRUAn, a town and kingdom of Java, on the NE. coafl, trading in cotton. It is 30 miles W. of Panarucan. Passau, an ancient, handfome, and celebrated city in the circle of Bavaria. The houfes are well built, and the ca- thedral is thought to be the fineft ire Germany. It is diviued into four parts, namely, the town ol Pallau, Inftadt, lltz- ftadt, and the quarter wherein the bilhop 3 Q 0 2 palace P A T palace is Seated. It is feated on the Da- nube, at the confluence of the rivers Inn and II tz, 62 miles E. by S. ot Iiatilbon, and 135 \V . of Vienna. Passau, I’he Bishopric of, a ter- ritory of Germany, in the circle of Bava- ■eia, and lying between Lower Bavaria, Auftria, and Bohemia. Its largeit ex- tent is no where above 20 miles ; and it has no confiderable place except Paflau, the capital. r i’he billiop is a prince of the cm pire, only dependen t on th e feeo f Rom e. Passelows, Eflex, in Dagenham parifh. Passcloxvs, Ellex, near High On gar. P as- sent ers, Ellex, near Pam don. Passenham , or Pasham , Northampton f. on thcOufe, oppolite to Stony- Stratford. Passer, a river of Germany, which runs into the Adige, in the county of Tyrol. Pass if you can, in Dublin, Leinfter, N. of Finglafs. Pass if you can, and Pass of Kildare, in U . Meath, Leinlter. Passignano, a town of Perngiano, fcated on the N. coaft of the lake. Pasto, or St. Tuan of. Pasto, a town of Popayan, Terra Firma, feated in a fine, fertile valley, watered by fevcral ri- vers. It is 80 miles NNE. of Quito. Pas ton, Norf. NE. of North Waltham, near the fea. Paston y Northamp. N. of Peterborough. Paston , Northumb. on the borders of Scotland, near Harelaw-Hill. Pastrana, a town of NewCaftile. Patagonia, or Land of Magel- lan, the moft fouthern part of S. Ame- rica, extending from the Atlantic to Chili, and the S. Pacific Ocean, and from the 36thCo the 54th deg. of S. latitude. A race of people have been difeovered here, who leading an unreft rained and lavage life, are reported to be of a gigantic ftature. “ They are fuppofed,” ' fays Dr. 'Robertfon, “ to be one of the wan- dering tribes, which occupy that vafr, bRt leaft known regioiTof America, which .extends from the river De-la- Plata to the. Straits of Magellan. Their proper Na- tion is in that part of the interior country which lies on the banks of the river Ne- gro ; but in the hunting feafon they often roam as far as the flraits which feparate Terra del Fuego from, the main land. The firft accounts of this people were brought to Europe by the companions of Magellan, who deferibed them as going naked, notwithflandingtlK* inclemency of live climate, above eight feet high, and of frrengthin proportion to their uncommon iizc. Some of the inhabitants feen by Captain Byron, in the year 1764, were certainly about feycn feet in height. PAT Captains Wallis and Carteret, In 1706, found feme of them to be from fix feet, to fix feet five and feven inches in height; hut that of the greatefl part was from five feet ten inches to fix feet. Mr. de Bom gainville faw none below five feet ten inches, and none above fix feet two inches ; but the people of the Etoile had feen, in a proceeding voyage, feveral that were fix feet four inches and a half high' The leaf!' of thofe whom Giraudais faw, in 1766, were above five feet eleven inches high. M. Dnclos Guyot, in the fame year, faw none that wanted more than half an inch of meafuring fix feet. In the interior parts of the country, ac- cording to Mr. l alkner, there are tribes of a il 11 1 greater flze. The great Ca- cique Can gapol, meafnred above feven feet in height; and the fame gentleman had feen Indians of the tribe of the Puelche^ more than an inch or two taker than Cangapol. 'Fheir colour is a kind of bronze. They are all painted, and' clothed nearly in the fame manner : the circles round the two eyes are feme white and red, and fome red and black. Their teeth are as white as ivory, remarkably', even and well fet, but their hair is ft ra it, and nearly as harfh as hog’s briftles. They' have no other clothing than fkins of the guanaco, which they wear with the hair inward* together with a piece of leather ufed as an apron. This feeiningly barren country produces, however, good pas- tures ; and numerous droves of wild horned cattle and horfes, firft brought hither by the Spaniards, now' c ner the' face of it. To the N. of La Plata it is? covered with yvood ; but not a fingle tree' or fh rah, fit for any mechanical purpofcy is to be feen in all the country fouthward of that river. Nothing js related con- 1 corning the productions pf the earth. & Pat an E, a kingdom of Malacca, on the eaftern coafr, iubjcct to Siam. The inhabitants are partly Siamefe, Chinefe, Malays, and Europeans ; bug they are all accounted very voluptuous. The air is wholefomc, though very hot, and they have no feafons but the winter and fum- mer; the former of which is more pro- perly the rainy feafon, and holds about 3 months, during the fhortefl of our days. The Woods abound with elephants, and many wild animals. The Siamefe cul- tivate the land, and the Chinefe are arti- fan.x The principal town of the fame name has a harbour, and contains between 7 and 8000 inhabitants. Lav. 6. 15. N. Patay, a town in the dept, of Loiret, near which die Englifh were Ucfeat&l by i the P A T be French, under the celebrated Maid of Means, in the year 1429. It is 24 miles SNW. of Orleans. Patch am, Sullex, E. of Arundel-Foreft. Fate ham, Suflex, Vv r . of Lewes-. Patcing, >uflex, E. of Stening. Pat wham, Bedfordfhire, near Od'eh ill. Pathhe-ad, a manufacturing village of fifeffiire, adjoining Kirkcaldy. Pdthlow , \\ arwicldhire, a hundred in the Con- queror's time, but now only a liberty, containing ieveral towns, between VV ar- wickand Alccfter. P alley- Bridge, \ ork- ffiire, W. Hiding, over the Nid by Ne- i her dale. Palmer- Hall, Herts, N. ot Biffiop's-Stortford. Patmos, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, now called Patino, lituated on the coaft of Natolia, v between the Ifles of Samos and Nicaria. It is about 20 miles in circumference, and one ol the molt barren heaps of rocks in the Archipelago. A few vallrcs only arc capable of feme cultivation. It abounds, however, with partridges, rabbits, quails, turtles, pi- geons, and fiiipes.* In the midft of the illand riles a mountain, terminated by the convent of St. John, which, with its ir- regular towers and mafly appearance, one might well imagine to be ^ citadel. The inhabitants of this convent are, in re- ality, the proprietors of the country ; but their domains would be infufficient for their maintenance, were it not for the poiVcflion of fome lands in’ the neigh- bouring ides, and the certain tribute they derive from the fuperftition of the Greeks. The abbot pays annually 1000 crowns to the grand fignior, befides prefents to the captain pacha. Thefe monks, called Caloyers, are fpread over all Greece. Scarce any of them can read, and yet they all underftand how far the empire of [ fuperftition can extend over ignorant ! minds. They keep their credulous coun- trymen in the molt abfolute (objection. They are even accomplices in their crimes, the profits of which they {hare, and j fometimes engrofs. Not one of the pi- ratical veftels is without a Caloyer, in order to give them abfolution in the very inftant of committing the~ molt dreadful ‘ crimes. Cowardly and cruel, thefe wretches never fail to maflacre the crews of the vefiels that fall into their power; and, after plundering them, thgy fink the captured Ihip, that not a trace of their outrages may be left ; then, in- ftantly proftrating thcmfelves before the ‘prieft, ,a few words prefcntly reconcile them to the Deity, quiet their confci- 'gpccy and encourage them to the per- p a T petration of future crimes, in thus af- fording what they deem a certain remedy againft future remorfe. The inhabitants of Patmos are moftly Greek Chriftians, failors, or Ihip- builders; they fail as far as Venice, whither they carry cotton, &c. dockings of their own manufacture. The hermitage of the Apocalypfe is lituated on the declivity of a mountain, between the convent and the port of Scala. It leads to their church, which is iupported againft a grotto in the rock ; and, if we may believe the inhabitants, was the aiy- lum of John, during his exile at Patmos. Here, they lay, he wrote the Book of the Revelation ; and they pretend to Ihew the verychinks in the rocks through which the Holy Spirit breathed his inspi- ration. The fragments of this rock they affirm to be a certain fpecific againft a thoufand diforders, and particularly againft evil fpirfts. The Greek monks do riot fail to vend this remedy as well as the abfolutions, nor do they blulh at this fcandalous traffick. It is 16 miles SW . of Samos. Lat. 37. 24. N. Ion. 26. 24. E. Patna, a city of Fl-indoqftan Proper, capital of Bahar, and the relidence of a governor. It is an extenlive and popu- lous place, built on an eminence, on the S. bank of the Ganges ; and is fortified in the Indian manner, with a wall and fmall citadel. In this citadel were con- fined the prifoners taken by Meer Colfim, nabob of Bengal, in 1761, by whofe order they were mafiacred. Near Patna, in the fame year, a battle was fought be- tween the troops of Sujal: Dowl ah, nabob of Oude, and a divifion ol the ikitilh army, under Major Monroe, when the former were defeated. The Englillv loft 2 officers killed, 6 or 7 wounded, about CO Europeans, and 600 ieapoys. I he enemy left full 7000 behind them, 130 pieces of cannon, all their tenls^ bag- gage, See. together with lome camels and elephants. Sujah Dowlah fiyd to oneoi his molt diftant cities. The buildings of Patna are high, but the ftreets are nar- row, and far from clean. It is a place of confiderable trade, and is fuppofed to l>c the ancient Palabothra. It is 250 miles N\\ . of Calcutta. Lat. 25.35.N. Ion. 35. 21. E. Patney, Wilts. E. of the Devizes. Patow- Beacons, Iiampflfire, V\ . of the Handovers. Patras, a fea-port in the Morca, with a Greek archbiibop’s fee. It is. pretty large’ and populous, and the Jews,, v-ffio, are one third of th.a inhabitant Havo Q Q 3 PAU four fynagogues. There are feveral handfome mofques and Greek churches. The jews carry on a great trade in filk, leather, coarfe oil, honey, wax, chcefe, tobacco, wheat, and manna. There are lofty cyprefs trees, and excellent pome- granates, citrons, and oranges. It is feated on the declivity of a hill, near the lea, 20 miles SW. of Lepanto. Patricia, a town of Italy, inthe Campagna of,. Rome, 8 miles E. of Oftia. Patrimony of St. Peter, or The Patrimonio, a province of Italy, in the pope’s territory, fituated S. of the Orvietan and Umbria, W. of the Sabina and Camoagna di Roma, and with the Mediterranean on the SW. It is about 43 miles in length, and 30 in breadth. The country is fertile in corn and fruits, and produces a confiderable quantity of alum. The principal places are Viterbo, Monte Fiafcone, Bolfena, Civita Caftel- tana, and Civita Vecchia. Patrick' St St. in Waterford, Munfter. Patrick's Islet St. on the coaft of Dub- lin, Leinfter, oppoiite Balruddery. Pa- trick's Well, St. in Limerick, Munfter. Patrick Brumpton, Yorkftiire, W. of Bedall. Patricksborn, Kent, SE. of Can- terbury. Patrington, (fuppofed to be the Prastorium of Ptolemy) a town in the E. Riding of Yorkftiire, feated on a river that runs into the Humber, 20 miles ESE. of Hull, and 191 N. of London. Market on Saturday. Patshall, Staffordftiire, 5 miles NW.of Wolverhampton. Patswitlc, Eftex, NW. of Coggefhal. Patta, or Pati, an iftand on the E. coaft of Africa, near the mouth of a river of the fame name, inhabited chiefly by Arabians. The Engli-fh, Pouugu'efe, and Indians, trade here for ivory and Haves. Lat. 1. 50. S. Patterdale , a reel ufe valley of Weftmor- land, near Ulles - Water. Patteshal, North- amptonfhire, near Bughrook. Pattesky, Norfolk, near Qxwich. Patti, a town and gulf of Dcmor.a, in Sicily, 32 miles W. of Meftina. Pattingham, StafFordf. near Patfhall. Pau, a large ill- built town in the dept, of the Lower Pyrenees, with manufac- tures of cloth, linen, See. The hams cured here are highly efteemed. It was the ancient retidence of the kings of Na- varre, and, before the revolution, the ca- pital of Bearn. It was alio the feat of a parliament, and contained an univerfity, an academy of lciences, and feveral con- vetits it is fituated on an eminence P A u near the Gave de Pau, 34 miles SE. of Dax. Paver el, Eftex. Paul, _ Y orkfhire, in Holdernefs, on the Humber, SSW. of Headon. ■ Pavia, an ancient and celebrated town of Milan, in Italy, and capital of the Pavefan, with a celebrated univerfity. In 560, Pavia was taken by the Loinbards,- and became the capital of their kingdom, ! which terminated with Didier, in 774, who was made prifoner by Charlemagne. The Pavefan, or duchy of Pavia, is hound- ed on^thc N. by the Milanefe, on the E. by the Lodefan, and Placentia, on the 8. , by Genoa, and on the W. by the Lurnel- lin and Tortonefe. It is fituated in a beautiful plain, on the river Tefino, 17 miles S. of Milan. Lat. 45. 13. N. Ion, 9. 15. E. Paul, St. a town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais, 16 miles NW. of Arras; alfo a town in the refpeclive departments of Upper Vienne, Var, (which laft is 5 miles W. of Nice) Mont Blanc, Tarn, and Card. Paul, St. a town and government of Brafil, in the captainfhip of St- Vincent* ! in a charming climate, about 36 miles from the fea. It is a kind of indepen-: dent republic, originally compofed of Por- tuguefe malefactors and the banditti of ; feveral nations. However, they pay a tri- bute of gold to the king of Portugal. It is furrounded by inacceflible mountains, and thick forefts. Lat. 23. 25. S. Ion. 45. 52. W . ; alfo an iftand in the Indian; Ocean. Lat. 57. 51. S. Ion. 61. 2. E. Paul-de-Fenouilledes, a town in. the dept, of the E. Pyrenees, 18 miles' WNVV. of Perpignan. Paul-trois Chateaux, St. a town; in the depart, of Drome, 12 miles S. of Montelimar. Paula, a town of Calabria Citra. Paukspury , Northamp. 4 miles from Lufficld. Paulet, Somerf. near Fairfield. Paul holm, York!. near Headon. Paul ton, Cornw. near St. Breagc. Paulton, Somcr- fetf. NW. of Frome. Paunkin, Dorfetf. near Beminfter. Paunstoh, Dcvonf. in the pariih of S. Sidenham. Pauntley , Gloucc.fterf.-4 miles from Newent. Paun - ton. Great and Little , Lineolnfhire, on tiie river Witham, S. of Grantham. Pavoassan, a town of Africa, capital of the Ifle of St. Thomas, feated on the fea-fide, with a good harbour. It lies ! under the equinoctial, in Ion. 8. 30. E. Pausilippo, a mountain of Italy, near ! ! Naples, celebrated for a grotto, which is !j a iubterraneous paflage through the mouq- it tain, j PEA tjnfi, near n mile in length, about 2G feet in breadth, and 30 in height. People of fafhion generally drive through this pai- fage with torches ; but the country peo- ple find their way, without much diffi- culty, by the light which enters at the ex- tremities, and at two holes pierced through the mountain, near the middle of the grotto, which admit light from above. On this mountain alfo, is the celebrated tomb cf Virgil, overgrown with ivy, and fhaded with branches, ihrubs, and buthes; an ancient bay-tree overhanging it. Pauzk, a town of Pruflian Pomerelia, 24 miles NW. of Dantzick. Pawton , Cornwall, near Lawhitton. Paxford, Gloucef. near Camden. Pax- ton, Great , Huntf. E. of the Oufe, NE. of St. Neot’s. Paxton, Little , Iluntf.W. of the Oufe, near Hale Welton. Paynton, Devon f. near Torbay. Paz, La, a city, mountainous pro- vince, and archbifhopric, in the govern- ment of Buenos Ayres, in S. America, 180 miles ESE. of Arequipa, Paz z a no, a town of Calabria Ultra. Peak, a mountain in Derby-f. which gives name to a diitrift parted from Staf- fordlhire by the Dove, and having the Derwent on the E. both which rivers have their rife in the Peak. It is a rocky, rough, and barren tract, but abounds in mines of lead, iron, coals, antimony, quar- ries of millftones, whetftonesy 6cc. and the vales feed confiderable numbers of cattle, and lheep. It is much vifited on account of its extraordinary caverns, perforations, and other curiofities ; and the “ YV onders of the Peak,” have been celebrated both in profe and verfe. Peak , Hants, NW. of Eaft Mean. Peak, in Cork, Munfter, near Agha- kollogue. At this place a great number of fubterraneous rooms or caverns were difeovered in 1755, Ionic of which con- tained confiderable quantities of human fkeletons. Peak- Dean, Suflex, S. of Chittinglcy, Peak Forest , Derbyf. in the High Peak, Peakirk , Northamp. between Palton and Market- Deeping. Peamont, Devonlhire, in Exminfter parifh. Pearching, Suflex, N. of New Shoreham. Pearl Islands, iflands lying in the Bay of Panama, fubject to Spain. The inhabitants of that town have plantations in them, from which they are fupplied with fruit, garden-ftuft, and other provi- fions. Peasmcrsh, Suflex, near Rye. Pealh- fpot, or Pegsicorth, Northumberland, near tflorpetli. PEE Peaths, or Pelse, as it is pro- nounced, a vaft cliafm in the mountains at the NE. part of Berwickfhi.re, m re than 160 feet deep. Over this chafm, a large bridge of four arches has been late- ly built, which, from its vafl: height, greatly refctnblcs an ancient Etonian aque- duct. < P catling. Great and Little, Leicef NE. of Lutterworth. Pebu'orth , Glouccf. N. of Camden. Peck/orlon, Chefhke, in Ban- bury parifh. Peckham, Kent, in Hadlow parifh. Peckham, Surry, in the parifh of Camberwell ; a noted fair on Auguft 2 ift. Peckham , East , or Great, and /Vest, cr Little, Kent, near Weft Mailing. Peckr ham Rye, Surry, S. of Peckham. Peckler Ion , Leicefterfhire, NE. of Hinckley. Peckmansion, Kent, near Newchurch. Pecciuencourt, a town in the dept, of the North, feated on the liver Scarpe, 5 miles E. of Douay. Ped^e, Great, or Yadkin, a river which rifes in N. Carolina, near the bor- ders of Virginia, in feveral fniall ftreams, and entering S. Carolina, takes the name of Pedee, and enters the ocean, after a fouth-ealterly couri'e, 6 miles below George-Town. ^ Pedee, Little, a river of S. Caro- lina, which falls into the Great Pedee, 16 miles below Qaieenborough, Pedema, a town of llcria. Pedir, a town of Sumatra, 20 miles E. of Aclien. Pedmandoze, Cornwall, between the Land’s- End and \Y hitfand-Bay. Ped- mersh, Eflex, near Halftead. Pedinore, Worccflerfhire, near Stowbridge. ^ Pedro, Point, a cape, on the N. coafl: of jatnaica, in Ion. 78 . 12. YY . Pedro, St. one of the Majqucfas Iflands J alfo a town of Tlalcala, in Mexi- co, and of Sana, in I ruxillo ; a town of E. Florida, a town of Cuba, a town of Beira, and a town of Arragon. Pcdumsaek, Durham, near Hunfter* worth. Pedu-ardine, Herefordfhire, near Brampton-Brion. Peebles, an ancient town, the capital of Peeblesfhire, has a manufacture of car pets and ierges, and a weekly market lor corn and cattle. It is ieated on a fmnll river called Peebles, which foon alter joins the Tweed, 20 miles S. of Edinburgh. Peeblesshire, or Tweedale, h county of Scotland, bounded on the N. and NE. by Edinburghfliirc, on the E. by Sclkirkfhire, on the SE. and S. by the counties of Selkirk and Dumfries, and on the YV.by that of Lanerk. It is 2y miles long from N. to S, and from 10 to 18 Oo4 broad. PEG broad. In this country there is not much arable land, yet they fow fome oats and barley. Its hills (among which are the ruggid and healthy mountains ofTweedf- muir, in the S. of the county) abound with falubrious fprings, and between them are fertile, well- watered vallies, which feed numbers of fheep and cattle. There are few plantations, except round particular houfes. The principal rivers are the Tweed, Lynne, and Yarrow. Peel, or Peel Town, in the Me of Man, was anciently called Holm Town, from a fmall ifland clofe by it, naturally very ftrong, with a fort, now ufed as a prifon for offenders again!! the eecle- fiaftical laws: it has no harbour, but a road with from 7 to 10 feet water on the W. coaft in lat. 54. 13. N. Peel -Heathy Middlefex, between Col- lon-G'reen and Cowley. Peer, a town and county of Liege. P egglesworthy GlouceAcrfhire, in Dow- dcfwell parifli. Pegn Af i E l, a town of Old Caflile. Pegna Macoe, a town of Beira. Pegn aranda, a town of Old Caflile, and a town of Leon. Peg to//, or Pigdetij Northumberland, N W. of Morpeth. PEGU,aconfiderable kingdom of India, lying to the SE. of Bengal. It is bound- ed on the N. by Aracan and Ava, on the W. by part of Aracan and the Bay of Bengal, on the E. by the kingdoms of Laos and Siam, anti on the S. by the Bay of Bengal. It has a town of the fame name, 70 miles within land, above 2 O' miles in circumference: but at prefent not one-twentieth part is inhabited'; as it was ruined by the king of Burmnh, who, ini 1751, reduced this, till then, in- dependent kingdom, to the ftate of a de- pendent province. The produces of this country are timber for building, ele- phants, elephants’ teeth, bees- wax, itick- 3nc, iron, tin, petroleum, rubies, dia- monds, and fapphires. The rubies are the, beff in the world, but the diamonds are fmall. They have alfo faltpetre, and plenty of lead, of which they make their money. The country abounds with ele- phants, buffaloes, goats, hogs, and other animals ; and deer and game are in great plenty. It is very fruitful in corn, roots, pulfe, and fruits. They wear no Euro- pean commodities but hats and ribbands; but they have cottons, filks, and filver, from Bengal, and the neighbouring coun- tries. ’ The inhabitants are but thinly clad, and they wear neither fhoes nor Cookings. The women are much fairer P J* K than the men, fmall, and fhapely. There are avail number of temples in this coun- try, but moftly of wood, which are var- nifhed and gilt. T he inhabitants are partly Peguers, and partly Bra mas, or Burmalis, wlm are at prefent mailers of the country ; they are diftinguifhed from each other by their dtefs and features^ The priefls, who are called Talcpoy, or Talapoins, obferve celibacy, and eat but once a day. They wear a long frock, girt with a leather thong four inches broad, at which hangs a bag for receiving alms. They have no flipends, and in cafe the few acres, which every one who builds a temple bellows for their maintenance, be not fufiicient, they fend novices abroad to beg alms. They have idols in their temples, with very large ears, in a fitting pofture, like taylors. In the low, flat part of the country, which is liable to be over- flowed, they build their houfes upon flakes, and in time of inundations, com- municate with each other by boats. The city of Pegu, in 1600, was one of the large!! and moll populous in Alia, but be- ing befieged, in 1592, by the kings of Aracan and Tangue, the king was obliged to fubmit for want of provilions. Since that time Pegu ceafed to be the royal city. It is Hill, however, the feat of the viceroy, governing for the king, who relides at Ava. Lat. 18. 5. N. La 96. 4.2. E. Pehembury , Devonf. N \V. of’Honiton. Peina, a town of Hildeflieim, Lower Saxony. Peipus, or Tchudsicoi, a large lake of Ruflia, between the government of Peterfburgh and Riga, 64 miles in length, and from 8 to 24 in breadth. It has a communication with the Lake of Wertzcrvve ; and the river Narova ilfues from this lake, by which it has a com- munication alfo at Narva, with the Gulf of E ini and. Peishore, or Pitshour, a conlider- able city of India, in the country of Ca- biil, 50 miles NNW. of Attock. Pekin, the capital city of the empire of China, lituated in a fertile plain. It obtained this name, which lignifies the Northern Court, to diftinguilh* it from Nanking, or the Southern Court, where the emperors formerly relided. It is, an exaci fquare, and divided into two parts ; namely, thatwhich contains the emperor’s palace, which is in the New City, or'Ear- tar City, fo called becaufe it is inhabited by Tartars, ever flnee they conquered the empire. The other, called the Old City, is inhabited by the Chinefe. The. circuit of both together, is 52 Chinefe lays, each PEL P E K of which contains 240 geometrical paces. The gates of this city are lofty and well arched, fupporting buildings of 9 (lories high 3 the lowed of which is for the fol- cliers, when they come off guard. The gates are 9 in number,' and before each is an open fpace, which ferves for a parade. The itreets are perfectly ftraight, mod of them 3 miles in length, and about 120 feet wide, with (hops on both ddes 3 but the houfes are poorly built, and have only a ground-door. The concourfe of people in the dreets is prodigious 3 here are alfo vad numbers of horfes, camels, mules, affes, and carriages. It is Angular, how- ever, that no women are ever feen 3 al- though the number of women in China, as well as in every other country, is fu- perior to that of the other fex. All the riches and merchandife of the empire are continually pouring into this city. There are always hackney horfes and chairs, in various parts, which dand ready to be hired for a trifle. All the great dreets are guarded by foldiers, who patrole night and day, with fabres hanging from their girdles, and whips in their hands, to cor- redi, without didindfion, all fuch as ex- cite quarrels, .or make didurbances. The little dreets have lattice-gates at their entrance into the great dreets, which are (hut up at night and guarded by foldiers, who differ no affemblies in the dreets at that time. The emperor’s palace is of vad extent, and furrounded by a brick wall, with pavilions at each corner, en- compaffed by galleries fupported by co- lumns. Thofe who have computed the compafs of this city a different way, ob- ferve, that the tw-o cities, without the fuburbs, are 18 miles in circumference, and that the number of inhabitants is, at lead, 2 , 000,000 3 that the walls of the Tartar city are fo high, that they cover the town, and are broad enough for 12 horfemcn to ride eafily abread 3 and there are drong towers abow-fhot didance from each other. The walls of the immenfe palace of the emperor, including that and the gardens, are upwards of four miles in circumference 3 the architecture is en- tirely different from that of the Euro- peans, and the ftrudlures are covered with tiles of a fhining beautiful yellow. The palace never fails to drike beholders, by its extent, grandeur, and the regular dif- pofition of its apartments. It.prefents a prodigious affemblage of vad buildings, extenfive courts, and magnificent gardens. The temples and the towers of this city are io numerous, that it is difficult to count them. Provilicns of all kinds are exceedingly plentiful, they being, as well as the merchandife, chiefly brought from other parts by means of canals, which are always crowded with veilels of different dzes. No police can be more adrivc. It is rare, in a number of years, to hear of houfes being robbed, or people adaffi- nated. An earthquake, which happened here in 1731, buried above 100,000 pef- fons in the ruins of the houfes. In this city a Ruffian church is edablifhed, with a feminary, in which the dudehts are permitted to rende, for the purpofe of le rning the Chinefe language. Since' this edablifhmcnt, many intereding pub- lications have made their appearance at Peterfburgh, relative to the laws, hidory, and geography of China, trandated from the originals publifhed at Pekin. Lat. 39. b 4. N. Ion. 116. 30. E. Pe/e, Lancafhire, N. of Wigan. Pele, Lancafhire, W. of Warrington. Pelegrino, Mount, a promontory on the N. coad of Sicily, about two miles W. of Palermo. The profpedt from it is beautiful and ex ten five. Pelew Islands, a cluder of idands in the N. Pacific Ocean, lying between 130, and 136. deg. E. Ion. and 5. and 9 . N. lat. They were ptobably fird difeo- veredby the Spaniards of the Philippines, and by them called the Paloo Idands, from the tall palm trees that grow there in great numbers, and wliich, at a dif- tance, have the appearance of mads of Chips 3 the word patos, in the Spanifh lan- guage, fometimes dignifying a mad. There is, however, fome reafon to fup- pofe, that no European had ever landed upon them, before the Antelope, a packet belonging to the Ead-India Company, and commanded by Captain Wilfon, was wrecked there in 1783. The captain found the natives fimple in their man- ners, delicate in their fentiments, friendly in their difpofition, and, in fhort, a peo- ple that do honour to the human race. The adonifhment which thofe, who fird difcovcred the Englifh, manifefted on fee- ing their colour, plainly diewed, that they had never before feen a white man. The clothes of the drangers alfo puzzled them exceedingly 3 for it was a matter of doubt with them, whether thofe and their .bo- dies did not form one fubftancc. When the captain’s brother was deputed to wait upon the king, who redded on an ifland at fomedidance from that on which they had faved their lives, he accidentally pulled off his hat, at which the gazing fpcdlators were all druck with adomlh- ment, as if they thought it had formed a PEI PEL part of his hfcacl. They had no idea of the nature of powder and fhot, and were exceedingly amazed on feeing* its efledfs. The weapons ufed in their battles were bamboo ipears, about 12 feet long, with the pointed end exceedingly hard, and }>arbed tranfverfely. They had alfo bam- boo darts pointed with the wood of the betel-nut tree, which is very hard and heavy ; with fhorter ones for dittant marks, which are thrown by means of a flick, with a notch in it, wherein the head of the dart was fixed. With refpect to property in tbel'e iflands, a man’s houfe, or canoe, is confidered as his own, as is alfo the land allotted him, as long as he occupies and cultivates it ; but, whenever he removes with his family toanother place, the ground reverts to the king, who gives it to whom he pleafes, or to thofe who folicit to cultivate it. The country is well covered with timber- trees, the trunks of which furniih the natives with canoes, fome large enough to carry 30 men. Tams and cocoa-nuts, being their chief articles of fubiittence, are attended to with the utmott care. The other trees were the ebony; a fpeciesof inanchineel; it tree that, being pierced with a gimb- let, there ran from it a thick liquid, of the confiflence of cream : and a Angular tree, like a cherry-tree, but with leaves refem- bling a myrtle, fo extremely hard, that few of the toojs which the Englifh had could work it, the wood breaking their edges: the colour of the interior was like mahogany. They had alfo the cabbage- tree; a tree whofe fruit nearly refembled an al- mond; the wild bread-fruit tree; plantains, bananas, Seville oranges, and lemons. Their common drink was the milk of the cocoa-nut; on particular occafions, adding certain fweet meats and a fwcct beverage obtained by the aid of a fyrup, ext radio d either from the palm-tree or the fugar- cane. No quadrupeds were feen, except feme brownifh grey rats in the woods, and a few meagre cats in fome of the . houfes. They had plenty of common cocks and hefts, which, though not do- fttefticatcd, yet loved to get near their houfes and plantations. The houfes are railed about three feet from the ground, the foundation beams being laid on large ttones, whence fpring the upright fup- ports of their fides, which are crotted by other timbers grooved together, and fattened, by wooden pins, the intermediate fpace being clofely filled up with bam- boos and palm tree leaves ; and the in- firie is without any divifion, forming cum great room. As to domeftic imple- ments, they have little bafkets, very nicely woven from flips of the plaintain- trec, and wooden bafkets, with covers, neatly carved, and inlaid with fhells. No one ever ltlrs abroad without a bafket, which ufuallv contains fome betel-nut, a a comb, a knife, and a little twine. The % heft knives are made of a piece of the large mother-of-pearl oyfrer, ground nar- row, and the outward-fide a little po- lifiied. The combs are made of the orange-tree, of which there a few of the Seville kind ; the handle and .teeth are fattened in the folid wood. The fifhing- - hooks are of tortoife fhcll ; and twine, cord, and fifhing-nets, are well manu- factured from the hufks of the cocoa-nut. Of the plain tain-le&f are formed mats, which ferve the people as beds. They alfo ufe a plantain-leaf at meals, inltead of a plate; and the fhell of a cocoa-nut, winch they polifh very nicely, fupplies the place of a cup. There are veffels of a kind of earthen-ware, of a reddifh- brown colour, in which they boil their fifh, yams. See. A bundle of cocoa-nut hufks, tied together, ferves them for a broom, and thick bamboos, with bores five or fix inches in diameter, are theif buckets, or citterns. The fhell of the tortoife. is here remarkably beautiful ; and the natives have difeovered the art of moulding it into little trays, or ditties, and fpoons. Some of the women have alfo bracelets of the fame manufacture, and ear-rings inlaid with {hells. The na- tives, in general, are a flout people, ra- ? ther above the middling ftature, and of j a very deep copper colour. Their hair is long, and generally formed into one * large loofe curl round their heads. The men are without clothes; the women j wear two little aprons, one before, the other behind. Both men and women are tattooed, and their teeth are made black by art. The men had their left ear bored, and . the women both ; with beads or leaves wore in the perforated car. The cartilage between the nottrils was alfo bored, in both fexes, through which they often put fome fprig, blofl'om, or ttiruh. Both fexes are very expert at fwi mining, and the men are fuch admirable divers, that they will readily fetch up any thing from the bottom of the fea which at- tracts their notice. The conduCt of thefe people toward the Englifti was uniformly courteous and attentive, ac- companied with a politenefs which fur- prifed thofe who were the obje Pcni- hurt, Radnorshire. Peniche, a town of Portuguefe Ef- tramadura, with a citadel and harbour. Pe'nigk, a town of Schonherg, Upper Saxony, with a manufacture of woollen fluffs, and a pottery. PE.NivSe.OLA, a town of Valencia, on a high point of land, furrounded on three fides by the Mediterranean. Penistreet, Merioneth-ill. in Trawsfiri- wydd. Penk, a river in St afford (hi re, which runs into the Saw, about a mile below Stafford. Penkcndl, Cornw. SE. of Truro. Penketh, Lancafh. S\V. of W arringtpn. Penk ridge, a town of Staffordfhirc, formerly large and handfome, but now greatly reduced. It is 6 miles S. of Staf- ford, and 129 NW. of London. Market on Tuefdav. A fair on Sept. 2, and a great horfe fair on October 10th. Penland , Heref. S. of Kington. Pen- lone, Cornwall, NE. of Bottreux-Caftle. Pjmlet- Point, Cornw. W. of Plymouth- Harbour. Penley, or Penfdey, Hertfordf. NW. of Berkhampftead, near Tring. Penley, Wilts, by Weftbury. Penmachno , Carnarvonfliire. Penmaen Mawr, a mountain of Carnarvonfhire, 1545 feet high, and over- hanging the fea at fo vaft a height, that few arc able to look down the dreadful fleep. On the fide next the fea, a road is cut out of the rock, which winds up a fleep afeent, and is fecured by a fubitan- tial wall, breaft high, along the brink of the frightful precipice. To this great and ufeful work the city of Dublin largely contributed, it being in the high road to Holyhead. Here the fea is feen dafhing its waves 40 fathoms below, while the mountain riles as high above the travcl- 3 tv - ho i. This road was long, narrow, ; > ■ 1 flony, but fince 1772, it has i v \ trrr and wider, and defend- t.i tilt- precipice by the wall above- PEN mentioned. The wall before was very flight, in fome parts about a yard high, and in other parts there was only a bank, that fcarcely rofe a foot above the road. Penman Ross, a mountain in Denbigh- fiffre. Pcnmorsa, Carnarvon!'. Pen- niynnycld, Anglefea, about 2 miles S. of Plas Gwyn. It was once the refidence of tiie ancestors of Owen Tudor, fecond lmf- band to Catharine of France, queen dow- ager of Henry V. j a marriage which re- ffored the Britifh race of princes in this kingdom, on the acceffion of Henry VI L grandfon to Owen Tudor, who was the lineal descendant of Cadwallader, the la ft king of the Britons. The door of the gateway, part of the houfe, and the great chimney-piece of the hall, the remains of this refidence, with fome coats of arms, dates of building or repairs, and the initial letters of the names of the owners, are yet to be feen in the farm- houfe. Penn, Bucks, 2 miles from High Wycomb. Penn , Nether and Over , Staffordf. near Wolverhampton. Pennant, Cornwall, in St. Clere parifh. Pennar, a river of Hindooftan, which rifes in the kingdom of Myi'ore, and wa- tering Gooty, Gandicotta, Cuddapah, (the circar of which it erodes, as well as the Carnatic) and Ncllore, falls into the Bay of Bengal, at Gangapatnam, about 12 miles E. of Nellore. • Pennard , E. and IV. Sovncr/ctfli. near Glanftonbnry. Pennervaen, a mountain, very deep in its afeent, with a (harp lum- mit, a little S. of Brecknock. Pennigent Hill , Yorkf. NE. of Settle. Pennington, a town of New Jerfey. Pennington , Hants, near Ringwood. Pennington, Lancaf.near Ulverfton . Pen- niston, Yorkf. W. Riding, N. of Middop. Pennon-de-Velez, or Velez-de Gomera, a lea-port of Fez, with a good harbour, in poff'effion of the Spaniards. It is fituated on a rock near the coaft of the Mediterranean, 75 miles E. of Ceuta. Pennsylvania, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the E, by New York and Jerley ; on the W . by flates not fettled ; on the N. by fcveral Indian nations ; and on the S. by Dela- ware and Maryland. It extends 250 miles from E. to VV. and 140 from N. to S. By means of the Delaware, and other na- vigable rivers, large drips come up into the heart of the country. The foil is, in fome places, a yellow or black land} in fome, loamy gravel j and in others a fat and fruitful mould, eaiy to be cleared. It is well watered with rivers, and produces every thing which can reader life agrcea- PEN ble, in the utmoft plenty. The climate is verv agreeable, and the air fvveet and clear/ The produce of this country is corn, cattle, umber, pot-afhes, wax, Ikins, and furs ; and they export to the W . In- dia Illands, ialted beef, pork, horfes, pipe- ftaves, and fill) ; taking in return lugar, rum, and mobiles. This country was granted to the celebrated W illiam Penn, the quaker. Ion of Sir William Penn, by King Charles II. in confidcration of fun- dry debts due to him from the crown. When he went to America, he purcliafed the foil, at a very low rate, of the Indians, (who had conceived a very favourable opi- nion both of him mid his defigns.) expend- ing alfo large fums in tranfporting his fol- lowers* and fupplying them with all ne- cellaries. His lands alfo were fold at a very eafy purchase, and he gave the fet- tlcrs a noble charter of privileges. By this means the country was foon changed from a wildernefs to a garden, and it is now one ofthe molt flouruhing provinces in the new world, l’he Germans com- pofe a quarter, if not a third part of, the inhabitants of Pennfyl vania ; in 1787, the whole number of inhabitants were rec- koned at 350,000: they are now much more numerous, and are all diftinguilhed for their temperature, induftry, and eco- nomy. Philadelphia is the capital. Pennywell, Herts, near Watford. Penobscot, a bay of N. America, on the S. coaft of Main, at the mouth ofthe river Pcnobfcot, in lat. 43. 55. to 44. 30. N. and Ion. 68. 40- to 69. W. It is long and capacious, and lined with a clufter of fmall iflands. On its W. coaft are moun- tains of the fame name. The river Pe- nobfeot is navigable for veflels of 100 tons, to the falls, which are 50 miles from the lea. Pen- Park- Hole, O loucef. 3 miles from Rriftol and the Severn, in Weftbury pa- rilh. Pcnpoll, Cornwall, E. of Bod- min. Penponf , Cornw. SE. of Padftow- Haven. Penpurgh, Nortlmmb. by Whit- field. Pen rise, a fea-port of Glamorgan- Ihire, with a good harbour for ihips. It is 20 miles SE. of Carmarthen, and 219 W. of London. Market on Thurfday. * Penrith, a large, well-built trading town of Cumberland, with noted tan- works, and fome manufadtures of check and cotton. It has a fpacious" market- place, and is a great thoroughfare ' on the polt-road between London and Glafgow. It is feated under a hill, near the river Pcterel, and the conflux of the Eifinot and Lowther, 18 miles S. of Carlillc, and 220 PEN NNW. of London. Markets on Tuef- day and Saturday. Fair on Whit-Tuef* day. Penrith , Old , Cumb. in Lazenby pa- rifh, 5 miles from Penrith, and 13 from Carljfle. It was formerly a Roman 11a- tion, and here are Hill to be feen great ruins of a town. Penrose , Cornw. near Heifton. Penrose , Cornw. at the Land’s End. Penrose , Heref. N. of Pembridge. Penrose , Monm. N. of Ragland Caftle, Penruddock , Cumberland, in Greyllock parilh. Penryn, a neat town of Cornwall, with a confiderable trade in drying and vending pilchards, and in the Newfound- land fiihery. It has a good cuftom-houfe and quay, and is lituated on an eminence, furrounded with gardens and orchards, at the mouth of a navigable river, near Pen- dennis caflle, 2 miles NNW. of Fal- mouth, and 260 WSW. of London. Markets on W ednefday, Friday, and Sa- turday. Pfi nsacola, the principal town of W' . Florida, feated on a bay of the Gulf of Mexico, which forms an excellent har- bour, fafe from all winds, with 4 fathoms water at the entrance, gradually deepen- ing into 7 or 8. Lat. 80. 3.2. N. Ion. 87. 12. W. Pensance, or Penzance, a well- built populous town of Cornwall, with many fnips belonging to it, aiid a confi- derable trade. l’he harbour, however, is not fit for large veflels, being aim oft dry at low water. In 1595, it was burnt by the Spaniards, who, in fopr galleys, fur- prifed this part of the coafi, and let fe ve- nd villages and farms on fire ; but it was .afterwards rebuilt, and made one of the coinage towns. It is fituated on a creek, at the bottom of Mount’s Bay, 10 miles E. of Sonar., at the Land’s End, and 286 WSW. of London. Market on Thurf. Pensand , Cornw'. $. of Stratton. Pen- sax, Wore, in Lindridge parilh. Pensbury, a town of Pennfylvania' where the celebrated Mr. Penn refided. It is fituated on a friiall creek of the De- laware. Penset- Chase, Staff. SW. of Wolver- hampton. Pens FORD, a town in Somerfetlhire, noted for its hats and bread it has alfo a manufactory of cloth. It is feated on the river Chew, 7 miles SSW. cf Bath, and 117 W. by. S. of London. Market on Tucfday. Pen s-Green, Surry, between Peckbam and Beckenham. * Peri s- Place, Hertford!, on A Id cl ha m -C o m m o n . Pensham, W ore- near PEP PER neat Per fh ore. Penshersf , Corny/. NE. of Bodmin. Pemherst, or Penchester, Kent, 3 miles SW. of Tunbridge. Penshers /- 1 Jalymote , alias Otj'ord, Wild , Kent, near Penlhcrft. Pensignance , Cornwall, near Redruth. Pensthorp , Norfolk, near Fnken- ham. P enter ry- Chapel, Monm. NW. of Chepftow. Penthievre Fort, in the dept, of Morbihan, fituated on the peninfula of Quiberon ; it is walhedby the fea on the E. and W. fides. Pent.hr ant -M on, Anglefea, 5 miles W. of Beaumaris. Pentire , Hill , Fort, and Point , Cornwall, near the entrance of Padftow Haven. Pentire , E. and /C. Cornwall, on the Briitol Channel, near Crantock, SE. of Perihale. Pentland Frith. See Orcades. Penti.and-Sk erries, three fmajl rocky illands, on theN. coaft of Scotland, 4 miles NE. of Duncanlby Head. On the largefi of thefe, two light- houfes were eroded in 1794. Pentland-Hills, a ridge of moun- tains, in Edinburghftiire, extending.about 10 miles from SW. to NE. Pent low, Effiex, on the Stour, between Long Melford and Clare. Pentney , Norf. on the river Lyn, between Seche and Caf- tleacre. Penton-Grajlon , Hampf. near Weyhill. Perisey- M ezesey . Hampf. near Andover. Pentregayer , Shopf. W. of Ofweftry. Pentrepant, Shropf. N. of Of- weftry. Pentridge , Derbyf. SW. of Al- freton. Pentridge , Dorfetf. by Cranborn- Chace. Pentnj , Carmarthenlhire. Pent- van, Cornwall, W. of Trewardreth-Bay. P entwynbarth-Hill, Monmouthfhire, W. ofCaerleon. Penvose, Cornwall, SE. of Padftow- Haven. Penwarh, Cornw. W. of 'I ’rewardreth- Bay. Penwarren, Corn- wall, near H el ford- Haven. Penn ortham, Lancaf. on the Ribble, near Prefton. Pen- yard Castle, Heref. near Rofs. Penny- Clauth, Monm. E. of Ragland-Caftle. Penzenskoe, one of the 41 govern- ments of the Ruffian .empire, formerly a province of Kafan ; and bounded by the government of Simbirfkoe on the E. Its capital, Penza, is feated on the river Sura, where it receives the rivulet Penza. Lat. 53. 25. N. Ion. 45. 45. E. Pc over. Upper and Nether', Chefli. E. and NE. of Northwicb. Pepenbury, or Pembury, Kent, 3 miles SE. of Tunbridge. Pepbull, Chdhire, W. of Macclesfield. Pepingstratc, Kent, in Offiham parifh. Pepleic, Shroplh. S. of Hodnet. Pepperhafroxc, Surry, W. of Godalmin. PepperhiU, Shroplhire, near Patlliall in Staffiordihire. Peppering, Suf- fex,- SE. of Arundel. Peppsrneps, Kent,, the S. point of Sandwich- Haven. Pepper- stock, Bedfordf. near Luton-Hoo. Pepple- sham, Suflex, near Haftings, Peouign y, a town in the dept, of the Somme, memorable for an interview and treaty between Edward IV. of England, and Louis XT. of France, in the year 1474. It is feated on the river Somme, 15 miles SE. of Abbeville. Per a, a luburb of Conftantinople, where the foreign ambaffiidors ufuallyre- fide. It Is inhabited by Greek and other Chriftians, and they fell wine there as publicly as in any other part of Europe, which is not allowed in the city. Peramarzcvthal, Cornwall, N. of Pen- ryn. Per amuthno, Cornw. E. of Mount’s Bay. Peran-in- the- Sands, Cornw. NE. of St. Agnes. It has from time to time been almoft overwhelmed with the lea- fand driven into it by the NW. winds, fo that the inhabitants were obliged once to remove their church. Peray, St. a village in the dept, of Ardeche, feated on the Rhone, oppofite Valence. Percaslaw, a town of Ruflia, in Kiof. Per che, a ci-devant province of France; it now forms, with part of Nor- ; mandy, the department of Orne. Percy-Lodge , Bucks, near Colnbrook. Pere , St. Monm. S. of Chepftow. Perekop. SeePRECOP. Pereczas, a town of Upper Hungarv, capital of a county of the fame name. Perga, a town of Turkifti Albania, { on the coaft of the Mediterranean. Pergamo, an ancient decayed town ®f Natolia, inhabited by about 30CQ Turks, and a few families of poor Chrif- tians. This city was anciently the capi- i tal of a kingdom, which began in the year 470, from the building of Rome, and continued 152 years ; when the laft king, Attalus in. dying without children, left the Roman people his heirs. Here the manufacture of parchment was firft in- vented. Periccrd, a ci-devant province of France, 1 now forming tire department of Dordogne. Perigueux, an ancient town, the capital of the department of Dordogne. Here art* the ruins of a temple of Venus, and an amphitheatre. It is famous for its partridge-pies, which are fentall over Europe, and is feated on the river llle, 50 miles SW. of Limoges. Perim, an ifland in the Red Sea, ffitu- ated between, the two points which in- clude PER dude the Straits of Babelrandel ; it is about 5 miles in length and 2 in breadth. The channel which divides it from the African coalt, though 14 or 15 miles acrofs, is but little frequented, on ac- count of the numerous rocks and fhoals which obftruCt it : fo much fo, as to render it necellHry for velfels that attempt it, to ftccr dole under the weftern point of the ifland. The breadth of the other channel is lefs than two leagues, and this fpace cannot be navigable, nor is the deep water any where at fo great a dif- tance from the ifland, as to be out of the reach of its batteries, whether ,eredted on the Ihore, or on artificial projections within the lea, if fuch Ihould be found neceffary to fecure the entire command of the pafiage. It is a low r , rocky fub- iiance, deftitute .of water, but plenty of it, of a very good quality, may ne pro- cured from the oppofite main. The har- bour, which is in the lhape of a horfe- fhoe, is excellent. Perivak, Middlefex, the modern name given to a fmall village, formerly called Little Grectiford, or Gan ford, N. of Great Ealing and Cafllebar-FIill ; but more properly is a rich vale of corn land, extending from Hello o to H arrow- on- the-Hill and Pinner. Perlethorp , Nott. in Edenftow parifli. Pcnnondley, Northumb. NE. of Kirk- haugh. Permskoe, one of the 41 govern- ments of Ruffia, formerly a province of Kafan. It is divided into two provinces; namely, Perm, the capital of which is of the fame name, feated on the river Kama, where it receives the Zegochekha, in lat. 57. 40. N. Ion. 54. G. E. and Ca- tharinenburgh, the capital of which, of the fame name, is feated not far from the l'ource of the river Iflel, in lat. 56. '36. N. Ion. 60. 30. E. Pernambuc. See Olinda. Perne, a town in the depart, of the Mouths of the Rhone ; and a town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais. Per no, a town of Nylafid, Sweden. Per nov, a town in the government of Riga, lituated on a river near the Baltic. Peronne, a conliderable town in the depart, of Somme, feated on the river Somme, 27 miles SW. of Cambiay, and 80 E. by N. of Paris. Perose, Cornwall, SW. of Camelford. Perousa, a town of Piedmont, in the diftridt of the Four Vallies, to one of which it gives name. Perpignan, a conliderable town in the dept, of the Eaftern Pyrenees, and late PER a p "o vi n ce o f Ro uffi II on , w i t h a n u n i verfi t v , It is feated on the river Tet, (over which it has a handfome bridge) 3 miles from the fea, and 26 miles S. of Narbonne. Per rot, South, Dorfetfh. 2 miles N W. of Cheddington. Perry , Huntingdon!', in the parilh of Great Stoughton. Perry Bar, Staff. N. of Birmingham. Perry - Bridge, Somcrfetlhirc, S. of Wrinton. Perry- Court, Kent, near Cliff. Perry- Court, Kent, near Prelion. Perry-Court , Kent, near Wye. Perry- Ilail, Staff, near Perry- Bar. Perry- Hill, Surry, NW. of Guilford. Perry-Street, Kent, near Sydenham. Perry- 1 Food, Staff, near Birmingham. Perse Bridge , Durham, on the Tees, W. of Darlington. Per sees, a people of Perfia, now fcattered into different parts, but chiefly in the E. Indies. They are worlhippevs of fire, or at leafl they look upon thata-s an emblem of the Supreme Being. They are otherwife called Guebres. On the conqueft of Perlia, by the Mahometans, they removed to India. Zoroafter w r as the original founder of their fed. They regard it as a great crime to extinguish fire of any kind ; and have lamps in their temples, which, theyaflert, have burnt for many ages. P ersendrove, Cambridgelhire, W. of Wilbeach. Persepolis, fuppofed to be anciently the capital city of Perlia, properly fo called. It was taken by Alexander the Great, who was perfuaded, when in li- quor, by the courtefan Thais, to fet it on fire. It is thought to be the fame as what is now called Kilmanar, of which there are magnificent ruins now re- maining. There are inferiptions, in characters, and in a language that now cannot be read, and which Ihow' that this place mult be extremely ancient; almoft all parts of the ruins are full of fculptures, reprefenting men and bealts. It is 50 miles NE. of Schiras, and 200 SE. of Ifpahan. Pershal, Stafford f. near Ecclelhal. *Per shore, a neat old town of Wor- cefterlhire, containing 2 churches and about 300 houfes. It is a conliderable thoroughfare in the lower road from Worcester to London, and has a manu- facture of frockings. It is feated on the N. fide of the Avon, near its junction with the river Bow, v miles EJ>E. of Wo reciter, and 102 WNW. of Loudon- Markets on Tuefday and Saturday. Persia, a large kingdom pf Alia, con- fining of fevcral provinces, which, at dif- ferent time?, have had their particular kings P E R PER kings. Its power and extent have greatly varied both in ancient and modern times, and its pretent boundaries are not exa&ly known, efpecially towards Ruffia, Tarta- ry, and India. In the general outline, it Is bounded on the N. by Ruffia, the Caf- pian Sea, and Independent Tartary 3 on the E. by India 5 on the S. by the Arabian Sea and the Perfian Gulf 3 and on the W. by Georgia, Armenia, Curdiftan, and Arabia. Perfia is divided into the fol- lowing provinces: S chi/ van 3 Adirbeit- zan 3 Ghifan •, Mezanderan, with Ta- beriffan 3 Perfian Irak, or ancient Parthiaj Chufiftan 3 Farfiftan 3 Kerman, or Kerl- fran 3 Mecran 3 Segeflan 3 Sableftan 3 and Chorafanj including Afterbat and Dage- ftan. Candahar is generally conlidered as a province of Portia, although it is now ;\n independent kingdom. Flic chief rivers are the Tygris and Amuc. In the N. and E. parts it is mountainous and cold 3 in the middle and SE. parts fandy and defart 3 and in the S. and W. level arid extremely fertile, though for feveral months very hot. The foil produces corn, and all forts of culinary herbs, plants, roots, and pulfe, and the country abounds with poultry and game, gene- rally very thin, white, and good. They have cotton in great abundance, and, among other .do meftic animals, camels, buffaloes, oxen, fheep, goat?, and horfes, wonderfully gentle, fprightiy, Render, and finely proportioned, the heft travel- lers in the Eaft 3 mules in great requeft, and afl'es of the Arabian breed, reckoned the heft in the world. In feveral places naptha, a fort of bitumen, rifes out of the ground, and they have mines of gold, filver, iron, Turkey- ffcmcs, and lait 3 but the firli: two of thcie are not worked, on account of the Scarcity of wood. They have a great deal of cot- ton cloth, feme pearls, and a large quan- tile of filk, befide manufactures of filk, and very iine carpets. They have alfo the various fort? of fruits, fairer and better than the choicelt Europeans 3 ex- cellent wine, and a great number of mulberry- trees, with the leaves of which they feed the fiik- worms 3 likewiie dates, piftachio-nuts, and trees which produce manna. They are generally Mahometans, of the fedt , of Ali. Ifpahan is ^ the ca- pital. Persian Gulf, a large gulf of Alia, between Perfia and Arabia Felix. The entrance near Orinus is not above SO miles over, but within it is 180 in breadth, and the length, near Qrmus to the mouth of the Euphrates, 420 miles. Pcrsint , Hampfii. near Rumfey. Per - tenhall , Redfordf. near Swinefhead. *Perth, a very handfome town of .Scotland, capital of a county of the fame name, containing about 11,090 inha- bitants. It confiltSj chiefly, of one wide ftreet, well-paved, but ill-built 3 from which two others branch offi at right angles, on each fide. The kings of Scotland before James II. in 1437, were crowned at Scone, and generally refided at Perth, as the metropolis of the king- dom. The town is fuppofed to have increafed one third in buildings, fince the year 1745. The manufacture of linen and cotton here is very confiderable 3 150.0001. bein9 annually exported, with about 50,0001. worth of falmon, and 10.0001. worth of wheat and barley. Perth is agreeably feated (with a beau- tiful approach to it,) on the weffern bank of the Tay, which is here crofled by an elegant ftone bridge of 9 arches, (to which the tide comes up, the river being navigable for fmall veffels,) 28 miles NNW. of Edinburgh. Perthneer- Chapel j near Monmouth. Perthshire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by the ftiires of In- ver nets and Aberdeen 3 on the E. by An- gusfhire and the Frith of Tay 3 on the SE. and S. by the counties of Fife, Kin- rols, Clackmannan, and Stirling ; and on the W. by Dumbartonfhire and Argyle- Ihirc. It extends about 60 miles from N. to S. and upwards of 50 from E. to W. The northern diftrief, called Athol, is uncommonly wild and mountainous 3 the 5 others, viz. Braedalbane, Gourie, Monteith, Stormont, and Strathern, are' more champaign, and fertile in corn and paffure. Perth Amboy, a fea-port in the, county of Middlefex, and ftnte of New jerfey, fituated on a neck of lancIT in- cluded between the river Raritan and Arthur Kull Sound. It lies open to Sandy Ilook, has one of the heft harbours on the continent, and is 2 5 miles, SW. of New York. , " Per ton, Staffordlhire, near Wolver- hampton. Pertuis, a town in the department of the Mouths of the Rhone, 10 miles N. of Aix. Pertwood, Wilts, NW. of Hindon. Peru, a large country of S. America, bounded on the N. by the river of Guaya- quil, which divides it from NewGranadaj on the S. by the depopulated territory of Atacama, which parts it from Chili 3 on the E; by a horrible defart of more than PER &00 leagues in extent, which fepnra-tes it from the provinces of Paraguay and Bue- nos Ayres ; and on the W. by the Pacific Ocean. Its extent from N. to S. is from 420 to 450 leagues, and from E. to W. from 100 to 120 leagues. Itwasftripped of the kingdom of Quito, which has ge- nerally been confidered as a part of it, in 17 IS, and of thofe provinces, at the dis- tance of 40 leagues E. of Lima, which, towards the E. now conftitute the vice- royalty of Buenos Ayres, in 1778. It fcarcely ever rains in this country, and they hardly know what lightning and thunder arc, unlefs toward the tops of the mountains, the tops of which are covered with fnow to a very great height ; among them are feveral volcanoes, which burn continually, and fometimes fuch torrents of water fall down from thence, as over- flow the country for a confiderable fpace. Earthquakes are fo very common here in the valjies, that the inhabitants reckon from them as a feries of dates. The beft lioufes are made of a fort of reeds, like trim boo canes, and covered with thatch, or palm-leaves. They have a kind of galleries, or balconies, but there is no walking along the floors without making the whole ftrueture fhrink orfhake. Here ere large forefts on the (ides of the moun- tains, which advance near the fea ; hut the trees are different from thofe in Eu- rope. The bir.ds are much fuperior to the European for the beauty of their d’u mage; hut their nqtes are dil'agreeable. 1 here are few birds near the fea, and the monkies, alfo, keep at a diftance from it. The hird called the toucan, which is re- markable for having a bill as large as its body, is called the preacher by the Spa- niards, though it is as mute as a fifh. It has been generally faid there are lions here, but that which they call fo, is more like a wolf than a lion, and never attacks man. The tigers arc faid to be as large and as fierce as thofe of Africa, though not of' the fame colour; however, there "are but very few of them. Serpents are very common, and feveral forts of them dangerous; particularly the rattle-fnake, ’which does not get away from men like the reft. There are feveral infects like thofe in Europe, but they are vaftly larger. The earth-worms are as long as a man’s arm, and as thick as his thumb ; there are alfo fpiders covered with hair, and as large as a pigeon’s egg. The bats are of a monftrons fize, and will fuck the blood of horfes, mules, and even of men wlio Heep in' the fields; and they have entirely 4eijtroyed the great cattle, which the mif- P E R fionanes had introduced into a country N. of Peru*. The famous bird called a con- tor, or condor, is, perhaps, the large# in the world; for it faid to make nothing of carrying off fneep and heifers. The ani- mal called the guanaco, or camel ftieep, is peculiar to 8. America, and has femr-:- thing of the fhape of a camel, but with- out any bunch on its back. There are alfo two other animals pretty nearly like the guanaco, in fhape, viz. the vicuna and the lama, which laft, the Indians ufe as a beaft of carriage, for any load under a hundred weight. The two former are alfo of great fervice in mines, carrying metals in fuch rugged roads as would be impracticable to any other beaft. Peru is partly inhabited by the Spaniards, who conquered it, and partly by the native Americans. The latter, who live among the forefts, form, as it were, fo many fmall republics, which are diredled by a Spanifh prieft, and by their governor, afiifted by the original natives, who ferve as officers under them. They go naked,' and paint their bodies with a red drug, called rocu. Their fkinsare of a red cop- per colour; and they have no beards, nor hair on any part of their bodies except their beads, where it is black,’ long, and coarle. From a mixture of the native Americans and Spaniards, arifes a third kind, called IV lefties, who are accounted illegitimate ; however, they have all the privileges of Spaniards, and are the per- sons who carry on trades ; • as the former think it beneath them to meddle with any thing of this fort. Thefe Medics behave in a more tyrannical manner over the real Americans, than even the Spaniards them- felves. They have a great number of fruits, plants, and trees, not known in Europe; the Spaffards alfo have intro- duced here many herbs, plants, and trees from Europe, which thrive' very well, and produce delicious fruits. A great part of the territory cf Peru is occupied either by barren and rugged mountains; by fandy plains, which reach from one extremity of the coaft to another; or 'by lakes of many leagues in extent, fame of which are fituathd on the very fummits of the mountains. The breaks, however, and the vallies, which enjoy the benefit of irrigation, prefent an extenfive range of delightful plains, filled w ith cities and, towns, the climate whereof is highly falu- brious and agreeable, its commerce has been confiderably augmented, fince the arrival of merchant veflels from Spain, by Cape Horn, has been permitted, and fince the removal of thofe reftridtions, by P p which PER which the province was opjrrefTed in the time of the galleons, and the fairs of Por- to- Bello and Panama. The manufac- tures confifl almoft entirely of a few friezes, worn by Indians and negroes; and there arc fome manufactures of hats, cotton cloths, drink in g-glafles, See. hut indonfiderable in number. The mines are, in fa£t, the only fource of the riches of Peru. In 1700, 534,000 marks of fil- ver, and 6038 of gold, were fmclted and refined in the royal mint of Lima ; and, in the fame year, 5,162,239 piaftres, in both materials, were coined there. About half of the filver, which is annually fmclt- ed and coined in this province, is extradi- ted from the mines of Gualgayoc and Paf- co ; the former in the diftridl of Truxillo, and the latter fituated at the northern ex- tremity of the Pampas deBombon. 'i'he mine ofGuantajaya, in Arequipa, and that of Guarochiri, in Lima, do not, however, flouvillT in proportion to the richnefs and abundance of their metals; this arifes from the difticulty of procuring neceffaries for working, fubfiftence, dec. I'he filhery is exclufively in the hands of the Indians, but thefe being unilcilful mariners, and unprovided with proper boats and fit in- ftruments, venture but a fmall diftance out to lea. Hence a fcarcity and dear- nefs of fifli is experienced in Lima, and i.n all the places along the coaft. The had and uneven roads, together with the delay and expencc of carriage, almoft entirely obftrudi the internal commerce of this province, and render the fubfiftence cf the inhabitants precarious, ^nd dependant on foreign aid. Peru is governed by a viceroy, and is divided into the archbi- fhopvick of Lima, and the bifhoprics of Arequipa, Cufco, Guftmanga, and Trux- illo; each of which is fubdivided into ju- rif^idVions. Lima is the capiial. Perugia, a town in the pope's terri- tories, capital of Perugiano. it is a hand- iome and populous city, with a university, and three academies, i he churches, and many other buildings, public and private, are very handfome. it is 75 miles N. of Rome. Perugia, a lake of Italy, 8 miles from the city of that name, in the province of Perugiano. It is almoft round, about 10 miles in diameter, and contains three ifiands. It was formerly called Lacus 7 hrasimemts, near which theconful Pla- in in ins was defeated by Hanibal. Perugiano, a province in the pope’s territories, L. ofTufcany, about 25 miles in length, and nearly as much in breadth. The air is very pure, and the foil fertile PET in corn and good wine. The capital is __ Perugia. Peryton , Somerfetf. near Wellington. Pery-Town , Kent, near Weftwell. Pescara, a town and river of Abruzzo Citra. Peschiera, a town in the Veronefe, Pescotter , a river in Cardinganfh. which runs into the Tavy, oppofite Iftrodefyne. Pesenas, a town in the dept, of He- rault, feated on the river Herault, 12 miles NE. of Beziers. Pesnall, Suffolk, W. of Yoxford. P esse bury, Hertfordlhire, near Sawbridg- " worth. Pest, a free town of Hungary, capi- tal of a county of the fame name, feated . on the E. fide of the Danube, oppofite Buda. Peston, Shropf. near Chirbury. Petche-li, a province of China, the chief in the whole empire; bounded on the E. by the Yellow Sea; on the N.'by , the great wall; on the W. by Chan-fi; and cm the S. by Chang-tong and Honan. ; It contains Pekin, the principal city in ; the empire, on which 140 towns depend, befides a vaft number of villages. r I he air is temperate, unlefs when the wind blows ( from the IS. and there is a rainy feafon in , fummer ; but it feldpm rains very long, or at any other time. The foil is fertile, and produces the various lorts of corn ; and there is plenty of cattle, pulfe, and fruits. They have alfo mines of coal, which is their only fuel. There is a great variety ■ of animals, of which a fort of cat is moll t remarkable, it having long hair about its j neck and head, like the lion, and hanging \ ears. All the riches of China are brought ■ into this province, particularly to Pekin. , P etches, Efiex, by Tinchingfield. Peter and Paul, St. or Petro- paulowskoi, a town and port of Kamt- fchatka, in the Ruffian government of Ir- kutzk. The town confifts of fome mjfer- able log-houfes and a few conical huts. Capt. King places it in lat. 53. 0. 38. N. and Ion. 158. 43. E. * Peterborough, an ancient city of Northamptonfhire, with fome woollen unanufadfures of cloth and ftockings. It is fo named from a monaftery dedicated to St. Peter, founded here in the year 655, by Peada, fon of Penda, king of Mercia.’ It is not a large place, having hut one pa rilh- church, befides the cathedral, but the market-place is fpacious, the frreets are regular, and there is a handfome mar- ket- houfe, over which arc kept the affizes and quarterly leffions. It lias a feparate jurifdidtion extending over 3.2 towns and hamlets P E T hamlets, wherein the magiftrates appoint- ed by royal commiflion, are veiled with the fame power as judges of affi/e. The cathedra], formerly a monaftery, is a mofl nol)le drudiure, full ot curious work. The W. front, which is loo feet in breadth, is reckoned the mod ftately of any in England. It is feated on the river Nen, (over which it has a wooden bridge, and which isWvi gable to North- ampton, by barges ladbn with coals, corn, malt, timber, See.) 33 miles SSW. of Bof- ton, and 81 N. of London. Market on Saturday. Peterborough , in Monaghan, Lifter. Peter-Churchy Hercfordf. on the river Doier, in the Golden V r ale. Petterleyy Bucks, in Miifenden parifn. Peter- l e-Port, St. a town in the SE. part of Guernfey, confiding of one long, narrow ftreet. It is defended by tsvo cattles, the Old C attle and Cornet Cattle ; the latter is fituated on a rock, feparated from the land by an arm of the fea, 600 yards wide, and not fordable but at low water in great fpring tides. Here is a good read for Ihipping; and the pier, a noble work, formed of vaft ttones join- ed together with great art and regularity, affords not only fecurityto veil'd s, but a pleafant and extenfive walk to the inhabi- tants, with a fine profpcdl of the fea and the neighbouring Hands. Peterhead, a handfome town of Aherdccnlhire, fituated near the mouth of the river Ugie, with an excellent har- bour, defended by a new pier. A confi- derable trade is carried on, both in the fifhery, and to the Baltic for the produc- tionsof the North. Here is alfo a manu- facture of fewing thread. The mineral fpring here, of a powerful diuretic quality, and the fea- bath: ng 4 bring a great refort of company. It lies a little to the N. of Bu'channefs, 24 miles NE. of Aberdeen- Peter's, St. Kent, in Thanct Ifle. Pe- ter s, St. Suffolk, S. of Bungay. Peter's , St. Worcef. near Droitwich. Peter' s- C Impel- in- the- Wall, St. Effex, at the mouth of Blackwatcr river. Peterseurgh, a town of Virginia, feated on an unhealthy fpot, on the S. fide of the river Appamatox, 18 miles S. of Richmond. Peterseurgh, the metropolis of the empire of iiutfia, ijr the government of the fame name, is feated on the river Neva, near the Gulf of Finland, and is built partly upon fome iflands in the mouth of that river, and partly upon the comment. So late as the beginning of tins ceutury, the ground on which Pe- PET terfimrgh now ftands was only a vntt. moral’s, occupied by two finall filhermevi’s huts. The Czar Peicr the Great, firii: began to build here in the year 1 70‘3, creating a fmall tent cr hut for himfelf, and fome wretched wooden hovel?. At firtt, being defigued only for a place of arms in the Swedifh war, the public edifices and private houfes were built only with timber, the town had no other .fortifications than a mean rampart of earth, nor were the ttreets paved. But after the vidory Gf Pultowa, and the con- queft of Livonia, Peter determined to render this infant city the capital of his vatt empire. Upon this, he ordered the citadel to be built with done, the admi- ralty to be walled in with the fame ma- terials, and all the inti 1 dings to be,ere£tod in a handfome and more durable manner, and gardens to be laid out. In 1714, he removed the council to Peterflburgh, and elegant houfes were erecled, in a firaight line, for the public ©dices, which, in 1718, were alfo tvanttated hither. In Peter’s time, this city became gradually large and fplendid, and having received additional improvements from his fuc- cefiors, it is now juftly ranked among the larged and mod: elegant cities of Europe. At prefen t,' it is about 6 Eng- lilh miles in length, and as many in breadth, hut it has neither gates nor walls. The ttreets, in general, are broad and fpacious; and three of the principal ones, which meet in a point at the admi- ralty, arc at lead two miles' in length. Mod of them are paved, but a few are dill differed to remain doored with planks; and, in feveral parts of this metropolis, wooden houfes, fcareely fupevior to cot- tages, are difguftingly blended with the public buildings. The brick ‘houfes are ornamented with a wh.te ftucco, which has midakenly led feveral travellers to fay,' that they are built of done. The. manfions of the nobility are vaft piles of building, fum idled with great cod, in the fame elegant ttyle as at Paris or Lon- don ; they arc fituated chiefly on the S. fide of the Neva, either in the admiralty quarter, or in the fuburbs of Livonia and Mofcow, which are, indeed, the fined parts of the city. The views upon the banks of the Neva exhibit the gran deft and moft lively feenes imaginable. 'That river is, in many places, as broad as the Thames at London : it is alfo deep, ra- pid, and as tranfparent as cry dal ; and its banks are lined on each fi le with a co to rued range of handfome buildings. On the N. liiQ forti'd-x au academy of V p 2 . fci&uce* PET fciences, and t?ie academy of arts, are the moft finking objects. On the oppo- fite fide are the imperial palace, the ad- miralty, the manfions of many of the Ruffian nobles, and the Efigliffi line, fo called becaufe (a few houfes excepted) the whole row. is occupied by Enghfh mer- chants.' In the front of thefe buddings, on the S. fide, is the quay, which flretches for 3 miles, except w here it is interrupted by the admiralty ; and the Neva, during the whole of that fpace, has been enir banked, by order of the late em profs, by a wall, parapet, and pavement of hewn granite. Peterlburgh, although it is more compadl than the other Ruffian ci- ties, and has the houfes, in many flreets, contiguous to each other, yet ftill bears a refemblance t,o the towns of this coun- try, and is built in a very ftraggling manner. It has been lately inelofed within a jam part, the circumference of which is 14 miles. Notwithftanding all the im- provements it has received by- fucceeding fovereigns, and particularly the late em- prefs, who may, without exaggeration, be called its fecond founder, it is flill, as Mr. Wraxall obferves, “ only an im- meufe outline, which will require future cmprefles and almoff future ages, to complete.” From its low and marfhy fituation, -it is fubject to inundations, which have occafionally rifen fo high, as to threaten the town with a total fqbmer- fion. The oppofite divifions or Peteif- burgh, fituated on each fide of the Neva, are connected by a bridge on pontoons, which, on acrount of the large mafles of ice driven down the ffream from the Lake Ladoga, is ufually removed when they firft make their appearance and, for a few days, till the river is frozen- hard enough to hear carriages, there is no com- munication between the oppofite parts of the town. The number of inhabitants is efiimated at 12 ', 700. The value of the exports, in Rritifhfhips, in 1777, amount- ed to 1,508,78.21. fierling $ and the goods imported in the fame year, were efiimated at 423,94 1 . Peterlburgh is 540 miles NNE. of War fa w. Lat, 59. 5G. N. Ion. S0.25.Jp:. Petersburg, a town of Ofnaburg, in VVeffphalia; alf > a town in the re- fpcdlive States of V irginia, Pennfylvania, Georgia, and Kentucky, in N. America. Pet E'gSFiELD, a populous borough ef Hampffiire, being a great thorough- fare on the road from London' to Portf- mouth. It is feited on the river Lod- don, 18 miles NE. of Portlinouth, and 53 SW. ofRogdon. M;uk« on Saturday. P E T Peter s-Green , Hert% in the road from Kemp ton to Luton. Petersham, Dorfetf. near YV inborn Minfier. Petershagen, formerly IIocke- . LEVE, a town ofMinden, in Wefiphalia. a Petersham , Surry, on the Thames, -on *1 the S. fide of Richmond- Hill, near 10 miles WS.W, of London, Peter ston, Monm. SW; of Newport-’Haven. Peter- & stow, Herefordlli, W. of YVilton-Caftle. - Peterwaradin, a fortified town of Sclavonia, fituated on the Danube, 38 miles NYV. of Belgrade. It is chiefly remarkable for the fignal victory ob ained near it, over the l urks, by Prince Eugene, in 1716. Petestree , Suffolk, E. of Dalingho. Petesxorth , Kent, near Bradhurft. Pe- lham, Kent, S. of Canterbury. Pelham- ■ Court, Kent, near Eynsford. Peihaugh, Suffolk, S. of Debenham. Petherton, South, a town in Somerfetfnire, anciently called. Pl dred’s Town, from the river Peeked, now - Parrot, on which it ftands. Ina, the ; Weft Saxon king, had a palace here. It 1 is 18 ml’es S. by W. of Wells, and 133 1 W. by S. of London. Mark, on : uef. Petherton North, a town of So- ’ merfetffiire, 8 miles NE of i’aunton, 12 NW. of S. Petherton, and 149 Y\ . by S,. i of London. Market on Saturday. > ' ■. Pelherwick , or St. Petrock , Litth§ Cornwall, near Padftow- Haven. P ether - win. North , Devon f. near Warrngton. ; Petherxin , South, Corn wad, SW . of < Launceftou. Pe j igli^no, a town of Tufcany. 1 Petiguavas, a tea-port of bt. Do* > mingo, l'eated on a bay at the YV . end of the ifland, 200 miles E. of Jamaica. Lat. 18. 27. N. Ion. 72. 25. W. Petley-lVocd, Sufi ex, E. of Battle. Pe- ton , Shroplhue, near Corfham Cafile. Petrikow, or Peterkau, a com* mercial town of Sir d;a, in Poland. PetRiNiA, a ftuong town of Croatia. Petswell, Kilex, near 1 1 igh Ongar. Pet l, Kent, near Little (.hart. Pzttapolly, \ fea port town, fitu- ated on the coafi of Covbmandel, in the circar of Gunt or, where the Dutch have a factory. Lat.i5. 49.N.lon.80.46.E. PeTTaiw, a to wn of Stiria, feated oq the river Drave. Pctterel , a river in Cumberland, which runs into the Eden, near Carl die. Pei- terel IVrey , Cumb. by Petterel river and Inglewood Foreft. Pelt- House , Kent, near Sevenoaks. Peitigoe, in Donegal, Differ. Put-Level, Sufiexp S. of Winch el ftp. P II A Petton, Devon f. NE. of Bamptdn. Pet- ion, Shropf. near Baggeley. Pelts, Kent, near Charing. P eft's, or Putt's Court, Kent, near Bapchiid. Fettycur, a ftnall harbour of F’fC- Ihire, about a "mile W. from Kinghorn, rfi the entrance of the Frith of Forth. It is the ulual landing-place of the paf- lengers from Ltfith, on the oppofite Ibore* A bafm has lately been conftrudled here. Petworth, a populous, handfome town in Sufl'ex, pleafantly feated near the river Arun, miles NE. ot Chi- chefter, and 49 SW. of London. A confiderable market on Saturday. Pevensey , or Pemsey, Suflex, SE. of Beachy-Iiead. It was anciently a famous haven, but is now acceflible only by fmall boats, that crowd up a little rill to it. William the Conqueror is faid to have firft landed here. Pever, a river in Chdhire, which runs into the Wecver, near Novth- wich. Pever el Point, Dorfetfiiire, by Swanwich-Bay. Pevington, Kent, S. of Lenham, in Pluckley parifli. Pewet- I stand,, Ellex, between Harwich and Gun fleet. *Pewsey, Wilts, near Manningford. Pewsham- Forest, Wilts, near Chippen- ham. P exhall, Chefhire, W. of Maccles- field. Peysmore, Berks, SW. of llfley. Peyton, Suffolk, in Boxford parifli. Fezaro, Pesaro, or Pesano, a large town of Urbino, fituated at the mouth of the Foglia, on the Adriatic. 'I he fireets are paved with bricks, and the harbour is excellent. The environs, produce figs and olives, which are in great eltimation. it is 15 miles NE. of Urbino. Pfafenhoffen, a town of Upper Bavaria, fituated on the river llm, and a town of the Upper Palatinate 3 both in the circle of Bavaria : alfo a town of Wirtemburg, in Suabia ; and a town in the dept, of the Lower Rhine. Pfirt, or Forette, a town in the dept, of Upper Rhine, 10 miles W. of Bali! . Pfortzheim, a town of Baden, in Suabia. Pf reime, a town of Leuchtenburg, in Bavaria. Pfullendorf, an imperial town of Suabia, formerly governed by its own counts. PhaNagora, a town of Alia, fitu- ated on toe E. fide of the Strait of Caffa, in Kuban, a aiitri£t of the government of Caucafus, 60 miles E. of Thecdofia. Pharaby , in Cork, Munfter, 3 miles NVV. of Glanwortb. Pieros, a fmall iiland in the Medb p h i tetrahean Sea, oppofite Alexandria, in Egypt, the fpace between which and the continent forms a fpacious harbour. It has a communication with the continent by a Hone caufeway and bridge. It for- merly had an exceedingly high tower upon it, called the Pharos, whence the iiland took its name. On the top of it were lights for the direction o:' ihips. Pharza, anciently Pharsalia, a. town of Turkey, in Europe, in Janna* the ancient .Theflaly 3 famous for the dec : five battle fought in its plains, be- tween Julius Ciefar and Pompey. It is an archiepifcopal fee, and is feated on the river Enipeus, 10 miles S. of Larifft. Phasis, or Phase, a large river of Alia, which crcffes the country of Min- grelia, and runs into the Black Sea. Pheasants-Isle. See Faisants. Phenicia, a country of Turkey, in Afia, extending from Arabia Deferta to the Mediterranean 3 bounded on the N , by Syria Proper, and on the S. by Palef- tine. The principal towns are Tripoly, Damafcus, and Balbec. , It is but a fmall territory, but has been greatly ce- lebrated for being the inventor of navi- gation, and, according to fome, of let- ters. Its inhabitants were the firft* which we have any account of, that traded with Britain for tin. They .fre- quently fent colonies to different parts of Europe and Africa, where they founded confiderable towns. Philack, Cornwall, on St. Ives Bay. Philadelphia, called by the Turks Allahijah, an ancient city of Natolia. it contains about 11,000 inhabitants, among whom are 2000 Chriftians, who form four churches or congregations. It is feated at the foot of the mountain Tmolus, 40 miles ESE. of Smyrna. Philadelphia, the capital of Penn- fylvania, and latterly of all the United States of N. America, is fituated on a neck of land at the confluence of the rivers Delaware and Schuylkill. The length of the city from E. to W. that is from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, upon the original plan, is 10,300 f et, and the breadth, N. and S. is 4837 feet. Not two-fifths of the plot covered by the city charter, are yet built upon. The inhabitants, however, have not confined themfelves within tilt original limits of the city, but have built N. and S. along the Delaware, 2 miles in length. The circumference of that part of the city which is buiit, if, we includfcKcnfington on the N. and Southwark on the S. is about 5 miles. Market Street is 100 feet P p 3* wide p II I wide, and runs the whole length of the city from river to river. Near the middle of it, it is interfered at right angles by Broad Street, 100 feet wide, running nearly N- and S. quite acrofs the city. Between the Delaware and Broad Street, arc 10 flreets, nearly eqmdiftant, running parallel with Broad Street ; and between Broad Street and the Schuylkill, are 9 flreets, equidiftant from each other. Pa- rallel to Market Street are 8 other flreets, running E and W. from river to river, and interlecting the crofs flreets at right angles. All thefe flreets are 50 feet wide, except Arch Street, which is 65 feet wide, and al! the flreets which run N. and S. except Broad Street, arc alfo 50 feet wide. There were .4 fnuares of 8 acres each, one at each corner of the city, originally re- ferved for. public ufes ; and in the center of the city, at the interfedVion of Market Street and Broad Street, is a fquareof 10 acres, referved in like manner, to be planted with rows of trees for public walks. A ’oft of the lioufes have a fmall garden and orchard ; and from the river are cut final! canals, equally agreeable and beneficial. The wharfs are fine and fpacious; the principal one is 200 feet wide, the water of which is fo deep, that a veficl of 500 tons burden may lay her brcadftde to it. The wnre-houfes are large, numerous, and commodious j and the docks for fnipr building are' fo well adapted to their purpofes, that 20 drips have been fometim.es feen on .the flocks at a time. M his city was founded in 1682, by the celebrated William Penn, a Quaker, who, in 1701, granted a char- tcr, incorporating the town under the go- vernment of a mayor, recorder, 8 ald er - men, 12 common council-men, a fherirl", and clerk. The quakers, from this pe- riod, acquired a political confequence in the weftern lremifphere j while their brethren in Europe were, and Bill con- tinue, excluded from (haring in the full ri gilts of citizenftiip, by partial and im- politic laws. Philadelphia, in 1749, numbered 2070 houfes, ami about 1 1,600 inhabitants. In 1.792, it contained 5000 lioufes, in general, handfomely built - of brick, and about 40,000 inhabitants. M’he flate-houfe is a magnificent building o reeled in 1735. In 1787, an elegant ' court-hoirfe was built on the left of the flate-houfe. ■> and on the r:glU a philelo- phicai ’nail. South of the flate-houfe is the public gaol, built of (tone, one of the mo ft elegant andf ecuro (iruehtres of t hie kind in America. Here, like wile, is a public obfervatory, and feveral other P H I public buildings. An univerfity was ft founded here during .he war: its funds' were partly given by the (late, and partly taken from the old college'. The places fet apart for public worfbip, are 26 for Chriftians of different denominations, and a fvnagogue for the Je\vs. In 1786, 910 veil'd s were entered at" the cuftom-houfe in Philadelphia ; and in 1787, the num- ber was 780. The principal exports are wheat, flour, Indian corn, flax-feed, beef, and rice. Philadelphia is 9^ miles S\V. of New- York. 356 SW. of Bofton, and 1 18 N. of the entrance of the Delaware into the Atlantic Ocean. Lat. 39. 57. N. Ion. 75. 8. W. Philip Islands, two iflands in the S. Pacific Ocean, difeovered hv Captain Hunter in 1791, apd named after Arthur Philip, Efq. governor of New S. Wales. They are about 5 miles afunderj but almoft joined together by a long fandy fpit, above water, which reaches, for about two thirds of the defiance from the eaftermnoft, or h.rgeft iffand, to the moft wefleTy, which is the final left. They are covered with (hrubs, have few tall trees on them, and the land is low. The eaftern iffand is in lat. 8. 6. N. Ion. 140.3. E. Philippi, an ancient town of Mace- donia, feated on the confines of Romania, 10 miles from the Gulf of Contefl'a, and 67 E. of Salonichi. It was enlarged by Philip, father of Alexander the Great, who gave it his own name. It was near this place, commonly called the plains of Philippi, where 'Cafii us and Brutus, two of the all iiffina tors of CaTar, were defeated by Mark Anthony and Auguftus. It is an archbifhop’s fee, but greatly decayed, and badly peopled*. An amphitheatre, and feveral other monuments of its an- cient grandeur, remain. Lat. 41.13. N. Ion. 24. 25. E. Philippine, or Manilla Islands, a very large clufter, or group of iflands in tiie Eaftern Indian Sea, firft difeovered by Magellan in 1521. They are laid to be 12C0 in number, of which 5 or 600 are of importance. The air is very hot and moiit, and the foil fertile in rice, and many other ufeful vegetables and fruits. The trees are always green, and there are ripe fruits all the year. 'There are a great many wild beafts and birds, quite un- known in Europe. The inhabitants are not ail of one original. The principal of thefe iflands are Manilla, or Luconia ; Mindanao; Samar, or Tan day, fometimes Galled Phihppina J Maibate; Mindoro j Luhan j Paragoia, or Paragua ; Panay ; Leyiaj Bohol; Sebu, Cibau, or Zebu; Negro’s P I c Negro’s Ifiand ; St. John’s and Xolo, or U Sooloo. In the year 156t, Don Louis ! de Valafco, viceroy of Mexico, fent Mi- chael Lopez Delagafpes thither with a | fleet from Mexico, and a force fufficient ! to make a eonquefl of-thefe iilands, which i he named the Philippines, in honour of Philip II. then on the throne of Spain. They have ever iince remained fubjedl to that crown. Lat. from 6. 30 j to IS. 15. j N. loo. from 113. 13. to 127. 13. E. Philippines, Ne-w, other wife called Palaos, iilands in the E. Indian Sea, between the Moluccas, the Old Philip- pines, and the Ladrones. They are laid to be 87 in number, but they are little known to Europeans. Philippoli, a confiderable town of Romania, founded by Philip, father of Alexander the Great. It is 90 miles WNW. of Adrianople. Philips-No rton, a town of Somer- fetfhire, 7 miles S. of Bath, and 104 W. of London. Market on Friday. Philips, St. a town of Mechoacan, in Mex ico. PHiLiPSEURG,atownof Spire, circle of Upper Rhine : alfo a town of Jerfey ; and a town of New York, both in N. America. Philip'stadt, a town of W ermeland, in Sweden, feated in the iriidft of a rocky country, abounding in iron mines, be- tween two lakes. In 1775, it was totally deltroyed by fire, but has been fince re- built. It is 30 miles NE. of Carlefiadt, and 130 NW. of Stockholm. Philipston , or Philiston , Dorfetf. near Winborn- All- Saints. * Philipstown, the county town of King’s County, in Leinfter, 17 miles N. of Maryborough, and 38 SSW. of Dublin. Philipville, formerly called Cor- bic-ny, a town in the department of the Ardennes, 25 miles SE. of Mons, and 125 N. by E. of Paris. Phillis- Court, Oxfordlh. near Ilenlcy- upon-Thames. Philip, Cornwall, on a branch of Falmouth-Haven. Piacenza. See Placenza. Pianezza, a town of Piedmont. Pi a nos a, an ifiand of Tufcany, 7 miles SS\V\ of the illand ef Elba. Piava, a river which rifes in the Ty- rolefe, erodes the Feltrin and Trevifan, and runs into the Adriatic, 1 6 miles NE. of Yen ice. Piazza, a town of Sicily, in the Val di Noto, almoIHn the centre of the illand ; alfo a town of Principato Citra. Picardy, a ci-devant province pf France, on the Engliih Channel, NW. of p i c Champagne. It forms the department of ’Somme, the department of the Aifnc, and part of the department of the Straits of Calais. The land is, in general, fertile, particularly in corn. Pi chert e, Bucks, NW. of Aylelbury. Pichford, Shropf. near Condover. Pic- kafsdanc, Kent, a valley below Wye- Down. Pickenham, N. and S. Norfolk, SE. of Swaft ham. Pickering, a town in the N. Riding of Yorklhire, feated in a vale, to which it gives - name. It has an old cafile, in which a court is kept for the hearing of all caufes under to fhillings, in the dlflridf called the Honour or Liberty of Pickering, it Is 26 miles NE. of York, and 223 N. by W. of London. A plentiful market for corn on Monday. Pickering Grange, Lcicef. near Huc- klefcot. Pikesiock, Shropfhire, between Drayton and Newport. Picket, Dorfetf. in the parifh of South Perrot. Picketh - End, Herts, NW. of Hemel Hempftead. Pickets, or Newbury, Herts, in Aldenham parifh. Pickhall, or Pickhill, Yorklhire, NW. of Thirlk. Pickhill, Middlefex, in the parifh of Waltham -Crofs. Pickle- Scot, Shropf. near Shrewfbury. Pick- mere, a river in Chefhire. Pickmere , Chefhire, by Great Budworth. Pickrdls , Elfex, near Fyfield. Pickwell, Leic. near Burrow 7 , S. of Meltoii-Mowbray. Pick- welt, or Pidekeswell, Devonf. near Barn- Fa pie. Pickwick , Wilts, NW. of Cor- fham. Pickworth, Line. nearFokingham. Pico, an ifiand the m oft populous of the Azores, about 45 miles in circum- ference. The mountain which gives name to the ifiand, and which terminates like Tcneriffe, in a peak, reputed by Tome writers equal to it in height, is filled with caverns, which vomit out flames, fmoke, and afhes. The cattle here are various, numerous, and excellent in their feveral kinds; and the vine and its juice are in equal perfection. Befides cedar and other timber, there is a kind of wood, folid, hard, and veined, which, when finely polifhed, refembles a rich fcarlet tabby. This tree is felled only for the king’s ufe, and grows the more beautiful the longer it is kept. The ’inhabitants live wholly on the produce of the ifiand, in great plenty and comfort. Lat. 38.29# N. Ion. 28. 21. W. Picotes, Herts, near Bifhop-Stortfard. Piet on. Chef, on the Gowy, near Dela- mere Foreft. Picts Wall, a famous barrier built by the Romans, againft the Pidts, of which fome final! remains are t yet vifiblc. It P p 4 began P I E P I L began at the entrance of Solway Frith, in coafl of Newfoundland, cycled to the Cumberland, and running- by Carlifle, French by the peace of 1760, for drying was continued fromW. to E.acrofs the N. and curing their fifh. They were dif- end of the kingdom, as far as Newcaftlc, poffeflcd of it by the Englifli in 17 93. and ended at Tinmouth. It was firft Lat. 46. 39. N. Ion. 56. 0. W. Alfoa built of earth bv the Emperor Adrian, in 1C3 ; Severus afterwards built it of ftone, with turrets at every mile; and AEtius, the Roman general, rebuilt it_of brick, in 430. It was 8 feet thick, 12 feet Irgh, and about 100 miles in length. ' There are many Roman' coins and other antiqui- ties found near it. Picldinghoe , Suflex, near Newhaven. Piddington, E. of Durham. Piddington , Oxf. SE. of Bicefter. Piddle, or Trent, a river of Porfetf. which difeharges itfelf into the fea a little below Warehani- Along this river are fituatcd Piddle Hut- ton, Piddle- Muster ton. Piddle- Parva, Piddle Town, which had formerly a mar- ket, Piddle- Trent hide, &c. Pidle, Wor~ cefterf. near Fladbury, on the banks of the Avon, about a utile E. of Perfhore. Pidle, North, E. of Worcefter. Pidley , Huntingdon^ near Somerfham. Piedmont, a principality of Italy, fo named from its being- at the foot of the Alps ; it is bounded on the N. by Savoy ; On the E. by the duchies of Milan and Montferrat; on the S. by^the county of Nice, and the territory of Genoa ; and on the W. by France. It was formerly a part of Lombardy, but is now fubjedl to the king of Sardinia. It is about 120 miles in length, and 50 in breadth. It con- tains many high mountains, among which are rich and fruitful vallies, as fertile and pleafant as any part of Italy, in the mountains are mines of feveral kinds, the forefts afford a great deal of game, and the rivers abound with excellent fifh. The inhabitants carry on a great trade in raw filk ; and the country produces alfo lenty of corn, rice, wine, fruits, hemp, ax, and cattle. It contains a great num- ber of cities and towns, alrnoft united to each other by villages. There are above 30 rich abbeys in Piedmont, befides a great number of priories, commamleries, and mon aft erics. The principal rivers are the Po, the Tanaro, the Sturia, and the Doria. Turin is - the capital of this country, and of all the dominions of the king of Sardinia. Pi k NX a, a populous town of Tufcany. Piepus. See Peipus. Piercejkld, Mourn, near Chepflow: P;e RRE-LF.-M oufiER, St. a town in the dept, of Nicvro, feated in a bottom, near a lake, i2 miles S. of Never?. P’lERRE , St, a fmall ifland near the town in the refpedtive- departments of the Tarn, Stjaits of Calais, Vendee,.’ Rhone and Loire, Dordogne, Calvados* M Lozere, Upper Saone, and the Channel ; . and a town of Lower Charente, in the ifland of Olcron. Pie to la, or Andes, a hamlet of Mantua, the birth place of Virgil. Pigeon Island, a final 1 ifland about' « 8 miles from the coaftof Malabar, and 15 from the town of Onore. Alfo an ifland' near Ceylon, 10 miles N T . of Trincomale. Pietro, St. antiently Hieracum, an - ifland about 7 miles SW. of Sardinia , it is about 15 miles long and 3 broad. Alfo i 2 tovtns of Corfica,and3townsofOtranto, , in Naples. Pig born, Yorkfhire, NW. of Don- enfter. Pigions, Suflex, E. of Pet Worth. \ Pig marsh, Surry, near Mitcham. PiGNEROL, a llrongly fortified town of Piedmont, capital of the four vallies, i and confidered as the key of Italy. It ! is fimated near the Clufon, 16 miles SW . of Turin. Pignan, a town in the dept, of He- f rault, 4 miles W. of Montpellier j and a ; town in the dept, of the Var. Pigshatt, Northumb. W. of Newcafile. Pigstreet, Gloucef. in the pr.rifh of Stan-. ley-Kings. Pikale , Line. E. of Spald- ; ing. Piibury -Grange, Derbyfhire, SW .of ■ Bakewell. Pile oj Foudr ay, Lancaf. near - Fonrnefs and Walney file. Pilham , \ Line. SW. of Kirton. Pilkington and \ its Park, Lane. S. of Bury. Pill, Cornw, SB. of Leftwithiel. Pill, Devonf. near Yarnefeomb. Pilkopen, a town of Samland, in Pruflia, fittiated on a mountain, 39 miles N. of Koningfberg. Flere was formerly an idol, called Pilkob , which the ancient, PrufliansAvorfhippt'd. • ■ Pill, a fmall town of Somerfetfliire r with a read for ihipping, at the mouth of , the Avon, about 4 miles below Briflol. The mofl beautiful and romantic profpcdls • a^e p relented in continual and ftriking , changes, in navigating the intervening channel. Here rich plantations and beau- tiful lawns rife upon the view 5 fertile fields and woods, in fome parts ' clothe the bills to their very fummits 5 while in others, the lofty rocks riling at once from the op- pofite lides of the river, prefent tne awful appearance of the mofl tremendous pre- cipices, and lcem to mock every attempt P I N P 1 L of art to reduce their favagb afpedl. \ et, aft the bales of thefe precipitous rocks, along the banks of this extraordinary channel, where the river and tide find their finuous way through chafras and fillurcs of the mountains, an.d where the largeft ' vcffels appear dimimitive from the gran- deur and fublirnity of the furrounding fcenery, the feamon find the necelfary ac- commodations for mooting* hauling, &c. in the mafiive bolts and rings, which have been fixed in the rocks. * Pill, Somerfetf. S. of Shepton-Mallet. - Pilamountian, Cornw. N\V. of Crantock St. Michael. Pill and, Devonfhire, in Pilton parifb. Ptflatop, Cornwall, by Liver river, SE. of St. Ive’s. Pillnton- Hall, Staffordfhiie, between Penkridge and Cannock. Pillau, a confidcrable fea-porfc of Samland, in Prufiia, with broad ftrait fircets, and houfes built and furnifhed in the Dutch tafte. It is defended byftrong, handfome, and regular fortifications, and has a good harbour. Yefl’els of great burden take in their loading here, as there is not fufficient depth of water to carry them up to Konigfberg. It is fituated on a tongue of land, which pro- jects into the Baltic, at the entrance of the JFrifch .Hafiy 22 miles SW. of Ko- nin gfberg. Pill- Bridge, Somerf. over the Ivcl, near Jlchefter. Pilbrtoti, Nether and Over, Warwick!. SW. of Kington. Pillssdon , Dorfetf. SW. of Beminfter. Pill&sgale, Northamptonfhire, near Burghley-Houfe. Pilliif, Hants, in the New Foreft. Pilling- Hall, 'and Moss, Lancalhire, between Garftang and the fea. In 1745, a part of Pilling- Mofs was obferved to rife to a furprifing height ; after a fiiort time it funk as much below the level, and moved flow! y towards the S. fide, and in half an hour’s time it covered 20 acres of land. A man going over the Mofs, ealtward, when it began to move, perceiving, to his great aftonifh men t that the ground under his feet moved fouthward, he turned back fpeedily, and cfsaped being fvvallowed up. A family was driven out of their dwelling- houfe, which was quite fur- rounded, and tumbled down. The im- proved land adjoining that part of the Mofs which moved, was a concave, cir- circular tra£t, of nearly 100 acres; and this was well nigh filled up with mofs and water, to the depth, it was thought, in fome parts, of five yards. PilltOicrh in Waterford, Munficr. Pilnitz, a town of Meiflen, :n Upper Saxcny. It is 7 miles SE. of Drcfden. PilseK, a town of Bohemia, capital of a circle of the fame name, particularly rich in fheep. It is 44 miles S W .of Prague. Pilsley, Derbyfhire, in the High Peak, Pilsley, Derbyftiire, N. of Alfreton. Pilsna, a town of Sindomir, in Poland. Pieten, a town of Courland, capital of a fertile territory ©f the fame name. Pilton , Devonfh. adjoining Barnflaplc. Pilton, or Pitkton, Northamp. on tha Nen, between Ounale and Thrapfion. Pilton , Rutland, near Lutfenham. Pil- ion. So merle till. 2 miles from Shepton- Mallet. Pimpern, Dorfetf. 2 miles from Blandford ; formerly of note, as it gave name to the hundred. Pinbury, Glouc. near Duntefbourn. Pinchbeck , Lincoln!, on Bofton Dyke. Pincheley, Cornwall, E. of Bodmin. Piiichingthorp-HQ.ll, Yorkf. NE. of Stokefiey. Pinchpoles, Ellex, near Manenden. Pichpool , Glouc. inWinrufh parilh. P indale- End, Derby!, in the High Peak. Pines , Devon!, near Exeter. Pine Island, a final! ifland in the Gulf of Mexico, near the S. coaft of W. Florida. Lon. 88. 18. W. Alfo a final! ifland near the coaft of Terra Firma. Lon. 77. 36. W. Pines, Isle of, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, off the S. end of New Ca- ledonia, about 14 miles over, in aSE. and NW. direction. It is high, and remark- able in the middle, being quite a pointed hill, doping toward the extremities, which are very low. The low land has many tall pine trees upon it. Lat. 22. 5,8. S- lon. 1Q7. 43. E. Pinhel, a town of Beira. Pinhoo, Devon f. near. Exeter. Pi, 'boo- tless, 3 miles from Glouecfter. Pinkie, a village of Edinburgh (hi re, neat Mal- lei burgh. Pinley , Vv arwicklh. between Henley-in- rden and Warwick. Pinley, Warwickfh. SE. of Coventry. Pin nee ti rg, a town and lordfnip of Ilolftein, in Lower Saxony. Pi nnels, Wilts, near Cain. Pinner den, o r . Fickenden-Hec th. Lent, near Maid- ftone. Pinner, Middlcfex, 2 miles NW. of Harrow. Pinnacle, Glouceflerlhire, near Winchcomb. P innock, St. Corn- wall, SW. of St Neot’s. P innow- Hill, Yorkfhire, NW. of Kighley. Pinos, an uninhabited ifland, near the S. coaft of Cuba, mountainous and cover- ed with pines, it is 25 miles in length, and 15 iti breadth, and abounds with ex- cellent paf'u res. Lon. 83. 10. W. PiNSK, a town of Hrzefc, in Hainan Lithuania, fcated on a river cf the lame name P I s name. It was formerly a considerable place, but has been almoft ruined by the ColT s. The chief manufacture is tirefling Ruffian leather. P inswell , Gloucefterfhire, in Cubherly parilh. Pinvin, Worceftcrf. near Per- lhore. Pirixton , Dcrbyf. E. of Alfreton. Pi OM ei NO, a fea-port, principality, and gtilph of Tufcany. Lat. 42. 57. N. Pipe, N of Hereford. Pipe, Warwick- shire, in the precinGs of Erdingtpn. Pipe, Staffordshire, NW. of Lichfield. Pipe-Hill^ Staffordshire, near Lichfield. Piper no, a town in the Campagna of Rome, 9 miles NNW. of Terracina. Piplelon, Worceflerf. near Pcrfhore. Pipley, a town of Bengal, 22 miles NK. of Bala fore ; a town of Hindooftan, in the Baglana country ; and a town of Hindooftan, in the country of Bcrar. Pipper ford, Suilex, W. of Afhdown- Foreft. Pipwell, Northamptonshire, N. of Rothwcll. Pique Montvallier, the higheft mountain of the Pyrenees, it is in the form of a pike, as its name imports, and may be feen 50 miles off. Lon. 0. 22. W. Pirmasens, a town of Hanau Licit- tenberg, Upper Rhine. Pi rang, a fea-port of the late Vene- tian Iftria, Pirgo, Eflex, . near Havering- Bower. Pin'.' roji, Warw. near Tam worth. Pirie , or Pery, a manor adjoining the city of V orcefter. Pirie , or Pury-Burr and Hall , Staffordshire, SE. of Weft-Brcm- wfeh. Piriton , or Pirlon , Hertfordf. V. . of Ickleford, and NW. of Hitchin. Piritz, a town of Pruffian Pomerania. Pirn a, a commercial town ofMeiffen, in Upper Saxony, litaated on the Elbe, II miles SE. of Drefden. Pirlon , Oxfordshire, near Watlington. Pirlon , Worcefterftiire, W. of PerShore. Pirlon, or Parian, Gloucefterf. a ham- let to Churchdown. Fir ton, Gloucefter- fhire, in Lidncy parilh. Pirlon Passage , Gloucefterf. over the Severn, to Berkeley. Pisa, ’an ancient, large, and handfome city of Italy, in Tufcany, and capital of the Pifaoo, with a univerftty. The town is feated cn the river Arno, 10 miles dif- tant from the lea, in a very fertile plain. That river runs - through, rifa, and over it are three bridges, of which that in the middle istonftruefee! with marble. The city does not contain at prefen t above 16,000 inhabitants, although they were computed formerly at 100,000 j and grafs is Said to grow in the principal Sheet;. The cathedral is a magnificent ftrucfture, and on the right fide, of the choir, is the leaning tower, lo much talked of. The P I T grand duke’s palace, and the exchange/ are magnificent buildings, worth notice/ The Pifans were formerly a free, com- mercial people, and maintained long and bloody wars againft the Florentines, who at laft fubdued them. The neighbour- hood of Leghorn, formerly of little or no jj trade, but now the chief port in the Medi-'M terranean", has contributed greatly to the decay of Pifa. Between Pi fa find Leg-® horn is a canal 16 Italian miles in length, w It is 10 miles N. of Leghorn. Lat. 43.1 43. N. Ion. 10. 17. F.. Pisano, a territory of Italy, and one ,| of the fineft countries in Tufcany. It lies | along the Mediterranean fea, and is about M 47 miles in length, and 25 in breadth. PlSCATAWAY, or Pi SC AT AOJJAY, a. river of N. America, which runs into the j§ Atlantic, betwebn the diftridh of Main and New Hampshire.; its mouth is 60 miles N. of Bolton : alfo a town of Vir- J gin ia, and a town of Maryland. Pisco, a town of Peru, in the audience of Lima, with a road well (beltered from . the ufual winds, and capacious enough to ; hold a royal navy. Here are about 300 ‘ families, among whom there are few _>! whites. It is feated in a country fertile in excellent fruits and good wine, which'’ they fend to the reft of the Spanish fet- tlements, about one mile from .the fea, ■ (formerly it. was on the coaft,) and 110 SSE of Lima. Pisello, the moft northern cape of Natolia, in Alia, which projedhs into the 1 Black Sea, oppofite the Crimea. Pisford, Northamp. between North- gj ampton and Ilarborough. Pishour. See Peishore. Pisshill, or Pus hill, Oxfordfhire, SE. of ‘ Britwell. Pissing / l rd- Bridge, Efiex, ever the Roding, near Stap’feford. Pis- lock, Kent, near Rodmevfham. Pistoya, a handfome and conSIder- able town of Tufcany, with a bilhop’s fee. It contains 27 churches, and 26 ‘ . convents, befides palaces; the ftreets are large and handfome, the houfes being ge- nerally well-built; but notwithstanding this, it is almoft deferted, in companion of what it was formerly ; for there are now only 5000 inhabitants. Thefe are loaded with taxes, and moftly very poor. Here is an*Academy of Sciences, founded in 1745. It is feated near the river Stella, 20 miles NW. of Florence. Pistre, Suffolk, near l.udham. Pitcaitly Wells, inline fprings, near Perth, in Scotland, whofe waters are deemed beneficial in fcorbutic calcs. PUhcomh, Gloucefterf. near Painfwiek. Pilchley t Northamp. S. of Kettering Pitcomb* ■P L A Pitcnmb; Somerf. E. of Caflle-Cary.^ Pil- fall, Upper and Lottery Surry, NW. of Haflemere. Pitfield' s- Ferry, Eflex, over the Lea, by Waltham-Abhey. Pithea, a fea-povt of W. Bothnia, feated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 80 miles S vv . of I ornea. Lat. G5. 18. N. Pillssden , Kent, near T enterden. Pit- mead, Wilts, near Warmi niter. Pit- \ininster, Somerfetl. S. of 'Taunton. Pit- ncy , Somerfetl. W . of Somcrton. Pitschen, a town ofBrieg*, in Sifefia. Pilsey, Eflex, in Little BradfieM. Pitey^ Ffi’ex, E. of Yange-Hall, near North- Ben- fleet, gives name to a creek of the i hames. PlTS^lOUR. ScePEISHOUR. Pitston , Bucks, near Ivingo. Pitt, Hampfhive, NV . of W inchefter. Bitten weem, a fea-port of 1 ifefhire, feated on the N. coaft of the Frith of Forth, .21 miles NE. of Edinburgh. Pittp/i, Wildhire, between W 7 inter- flow and Clarendon Park. | Pittsburgh, or Fort-Pitt, a town of Pen nfyl vania, beautifully fituated on ithe weftern fide of the Allegany moun- tains, on a point of land near the con- fluence of the rivers Allegany and Mo- rvongahela. 'The town is laid out onW il- ■ liam Penn's plan : is a thoroughfare for the vaft number of travellers from the eaftern and middle fates to the fettle- ments on the Ohio; and tncreafes greatly. This was formerly a French fort, called Du Quefne, but was abandoned by their troops in 1738, on the approach of Ge- neral Forbes, and its name changed to that of Pitt, -in honour to the illultrious minifter by whom the war was then di- rected. At this place, the Allegany firft takes the name of Ohio. It is 3*0 miles W. of Philadelphia. Lat. 40. 26. N. Ion. 79. 48. W. Pittsfield, a town of Maflachufetts. Pitts yVLAnia, a town and county of Virginia. Piura, a town and jnrifdiction of Truxillo, in Peru. PixuJii, near Worccficr. Pixton , So- merfhire, near Taunton. Pizhanger , Middlef. SE. of Pcrriwale. Pizzighitone, a town in the Cre- mormfe. Pizzo Ferrato, a town of Abruzzo Citra. Pizzo di Gotto, a town of Demo- ns, in Sicily, G miles S. of Melazzo. Place- 11 ouse, Ken t, nearGreane llland. Placentia, a lea-port of N. Ame- r; " in Newfoundland, with a harbour, mud: f. quented by fhips employed in N sod .till. . ry. 'The entrance of it,iiow- P I. A ever, is fo narrow, that only one fhip can pafs at a time, but the water is deep enough for the largefl, and it is capacious enough to bold 150 fail, which can fifh. there, feeuve againft all winds, and as quietly as in a river. N(ar it is the Great Strand, a drying place for fifh, ly- ing between two very fteep hills, and large enough to dry fifh fufheient to load three fcore vefiels. There is alfo another called the Little Strand. It is feated on a bay on the S. part of the ifland, in lat. 47. 15. N. Ion. 55, 10. W. Pl acenza, or Piacenza, a populous town of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name, with a bilhop’s fee, and a ci- tadel. 'The public buildings, fquares, and fountains, are beautiful, the ftreetsare broad and firaight, and one, in particular, called the Slradone, is reckoned the largeft and handlomeff in Italy, being 3000 feet in length. It contains, befides the cathedral, 1 collegiate, 12 parochial, and 38 other churches j 8 abbeys, 1 6 con- vents, and a univerfity, with about 20,000 inhabitants, of whom 2000 are ec- clefiaftics. It is pleafantly fituated" in a well-cultivated country, on the river Po, 32 miles NW. of Parma. Pl acenza, The Duchy of, ex- tends about 30 miles long from N. to S. and from 8 to 15 broad from E. to W. and is politically annexed to the duchy of Parma. ft is very fertile and populous, and contains mines of iron, copper, and vitriol, with lalt fprings, from which they make very white fait. Its principal rivers are the Trebia and Nurra, Plainfield, a town of Connedlicut. Plainfield l, or Fairfield, Somerfetf. near Quantocks- Heads. Plainmellcr, North- umberland, near Halt welch Plainville, a town in the dept, of the Oife. Plaisance, a town in the depart, of Gers. Plaislow, Eflex, in the parifh of Weft- Ham. Plaistoic, Kent, near Bromley. Plaisiow, Sufi ex, near IVlichelham Park.. Planers , or Palslers, Kent, in Shorchani parifh. Planiez, an ifland near Marfeilles. Planlce , or Plank ford, Northumberl., S. of Beltingham. Pl>aN.P, an ifland in the bay of Alicant. P lards: id:. Staff. 'E. off orton. P/asby Shropf. between Alflrctton and Wcnlock. Plasencia, a town of Spqnifh Eftre-* madura, feated- on the river Xera, 95 miles WSW. of Madrid. Plasentia, a town of Guipufcoa. Plashy- Castle, Eflex, on the weflern fide of the county, SE. of High-Eafter. It P L A It wns the feat of the High Cortftable of England, from the' earlieft times of that office? to the year 1400. At prefen t no- thing remains of this fortrcfsbut a mount, bounded by a high rampart and ditch on the \V. fide, a brick bridge over it, and part of a gate. PLassendal, a fortrefs 3 miles E. of Offend. Plassey, The Plains of, in II in- do oftan Proper, and in the foubah of Ben- gal, diftant from Moorfhedabad about 25 miles S. and from Calcutta 70 N. Near this place. Colonel Clive, in 1 75 7, totally defeated the vaft army of the nabob Su- rajah Dowlah a vidlory which laid the foundation of the prefent Britifh empire in India. Plata, an ifland on the craft of Quito, in Peru, lurrounded hy inacccf- fible rocks, it is about 5 miles long, and 4 broad. Plata, a. rich and populous town of Peru, capital of the province of Los Charcas, with an audience, it has mines of filver, which- they have left off work- ing, fmee thofc of Potofi have been dif- covered. It is feated on the river Cliimao, 500 miles SlL of Cufco. Lat. 19. 16. S. Ion. 63- 40. W. Plata, or Rio-de-la-Plata, a large river of S. America, which is formed by the union of the three great rivers, the Paraguay, Uraguay, and Parana. It was difeoveredin 1515, by Juan Diaz de Solis, a Spanifh navigator, who imprudently going afhore with 10 men, they were all murdered by the fa v ages, ii erodes Para- guay, and enters the Southern Ocean, in lat. 35. S. It is 1 50 miles broad at its mouth j at Monte Video, above 100 miles higher up the river, the land is not to be difeerned on either {borey when a veffclis in the middle of the channel, and at Buenos Ayres, 200 miles higher Rill, the oppofite fhore is not to be difeerned from that town. 'Phis river, for near COO leagues (from the confiux of the Para- guay and Parana, to its mouth) is inter- fperfed with delightful iflands; it abounds with furpriling plenty and variety of filh, the water is clear, fweet, and wholfc- feme, and the hanks are frequented hy a great number of very beautiful birds, it fometimes overflows its hanks, and fer- tilizes the adjoining lauds, like thole of Egvpt' Plata, La, a province and archbi- flxopric qf S, America, in the government of Buenos Ayres. It is divided into 14 jurifdidVien?, and is fituated cn both ffdes the nw Liata, extending 200 P L O leagues from N. to S. and 100 from E. to\V. The climate is very moderate and healthy, but the country is generally infefted hy ferpents. Platjord , Hants, NW. of Whorwell, Plat) or (L, Wiltlhire, E. of Downton. Plauen, qr Plan, a town of Meek- lenburgh ; a town in the Vcgtland, and a town of Schwaitzhurg, both in Upper Saxony ; and a (own in the Middle Marche, of Brandenburg. Plauer See, a lake in Mccklen- bUrgh, about 20 miles in circumferences! Plausworth, a colliery 2 miles and a half from Durham. PlaxtOole, Kent, 3 miles SW. of Wrotham. Playjord, Suf- folk, near Woodbridge. P leaden, Sufiexy N. of Rye. P/ealey, Shrop 1 . W.ofCon-i dover. PI asley, Derbyf. NW. of Mans*,’ held. Pledgden, or Prison Hall , EifcxJ, in Hen liam parilh, near Clavering. Pleissen, a lordlhip of Heffe Rhin- fels, circle of Upper Rhine. Pleimton, Chefhire, on theGowy, NW, ■ of Tarven. Plescof. SeePscoF. Plesh- Bridge, Cornw. between Lcf- | kard and Laun cefton. Pleshet-Park, Suf- ; fex, NE. of Lewes. Pleshey , Eflex, 7 miles N. hy W. of Chelmsford. Ples, or Pssczyna, a town of Rati-? bor, in Silelia. Pl e ssi s-les-Tours, a ci-devant royal palace of France, near Tours, in the de- partment of Jndre and Loire. It was built by the profligate and fuperftitious , Louis XL who died here in 1483, not- • withfianding he had the precaution to be i covered all over with relics, and would j never permit Vincent de Paul (who was t fent for from Italy on purpofe) to be out , of lvs light. Plessy , Northumh. near Stannington-i j Plettknburg, a town of Mark*' in Weftphalia," governed by its own magiftrates. Plead and, Y erkf. near Partington . Pleyburgh, a town in Carinthia. , Flint, Cornwall, N W. of W eft- Low. Plocksko, a town of Mafiovia, in Poland, capital of a palatinate of the fame name. The churches arc magnificent, and richly ornamented, it is fituated upon a hill, near the Villain, 64 miles YVNVV . of Warfaw. Ploen, a town of Holftein, capital of a principality of the fame name, in- veiled with the fame rights as Lubcck* from which city it is diftant 23 miles NNW. PlolrjV'EL, two fmall towns in the dept, of Morbihan. Pludley* PLY Pludley, Kent, 4 miles and a half from A fa ford. Pludentz, a town and county in the Tyrol, fituated on the HI. Plumber, Dorfetf. on the river Direhtne, 2 miles and a half from Lidiinch. Plum- ford, Kent, in Qi'pring parifh. Plumland, Cumb. on the river Elen, oppofite Alpa- tria. Plumley, Chefn. near Northwich. Plum pt on, Cumberl. E. of Inglewood- Foreft, in Lazonby parifh. Plumplon, Lancashire, by Ulverfton. Plumplon, Lancafhire, W. of Kirkham. Plumplon, Suffex, SE. of Dicklirg. Plumplon, Warwickthire, E. of Kingfbury^ Plump - 1 Ion-Tower, Ycrkfhire, near Knarefbo- rough. Plumsted, Kent, near Woolwich : had formerly a market. Plumsted, 71 1 Cigna zndPurva, NE. of Norwich. Plumsted, Norfolk, S. of Baconfthorp. Plumtree, SE. of Nottingham. Plungar , Leicef. W. of Bel voir-Ca file. Plurinden, Kent, near Wood-Church. Plurs, or Piuro, formerly a large and flourifbmg town of the Giifons country, containing three churches, many large howfes, and a Hone bridge ever the river Maira; but it was totally over- whelmed by the fall of Mount Conto, under which it was imprudently built, on A u guff 25, 1618. When this terrible i cataftrophe happened, the cloud of duff and rubbifh was fo great, as to cover the heavens like fmoke, and even to extend as far as Chiavenna, from wh ch town the Spot, former’ y occupied by Plurs, is about tcuir miles diftant. Parts of the ancient walls, and the ruins of a country- houfe, are, at prefent, the only remains of its former ex fence. Plush, Dorfetf. by Buckland-Newton. Plusterwyne, Gloucelterf. in Woolafton parifh. Pluviers, or Pithiviers, a town in the dept, of the Loiret, 20 miles Ei>E. of Orleans. Plym , a river of Devonlnire, which rifes in Shepiftor parifh, and, after a courfe of 7 miles, becomes navigable f r fmall vcffels hear Plympton ; two miles below which, it runs into Plymouth L Sound. ♦Plymouth, a large and populous fea-port of Devonfhire, from a mere ■fifhing town is become one of the largeft ' in the county, and one of the chief na- val magazines in the kingdom, owing to its excellent port or harbour, which is capable of fafely containing 1000 fail. There are, properly fpeaking, however, £ harbours, viz. C’atwatcr, Sutton Pool, of Ho undo w . Ponder' s- End, Middlesex, in Enneid parilh, on the banks of the New River, near Edmonton, Pondesturia, a town of Montferrat. Pondicherry, a to\vn of Ilindoof- tan, about 4 leagues in extent, the houtes of which are as regularly laid out a.- if it had been all built at once. The Eu- iopeans build with bricks, but the Jin- P O N dians ufe only wood, in the manner which we call lath and plafter. In 1695, this town was taken by the Dutch, who ere£ted 7 regular bnfrious here, and other fine fortifications, fo as to render it one of the molt complete fortrefles in India. It was ceded, however, to the French*- by the treaty of Ilyfwick, in 1697, (for the trifling fum of 50001.) who, there- upon, made it the chief feat of their Eafl- India Company. The Englifh took it in 1761, and deflroyed the fortifica- tions, but reftored it to the French by the treaty of Paris, in 1763. In 1793 if was again taken by the Englilh. It is fituated on the coaft of Coromandel, 75 miles SSW. of Madras. Lat. 11. 56. N. Ion. 80. 0. E. Pondico, afmall uninhabited ifland of the Archipelago, 2 miles N. of Negro- porit. Pond- Street, Middlefex, near Hamp- llead Ponds. Ponferrad a, a town of Leon. Ponghill , Podkill , or Pohill , Devonf, N. of Crediton. Pons, a town in the department of Lower Charente, with a mineral fpring, 10 miles SSE. of Saintes. Pons, St. de Thomiers, a town in. the dept, of Herault, feated in a valley, wherein are fine marble quarries, 21 miles NW. of Narbonne ; alfo a town of Ca- talonia. Pons Belli, Yorkfhire, E. Riding, near Aldby. Ponsonby , Cumberland, near Gosforth, by the river Calder. Pont, a river in Northumberland, which runs in- to the German Greean at Blythe’s Newk. Pont-a-Mousson, a confidcrable town in the dept, of Meurthe. It had * once a uniyerfity, which was removed in 1768 to Nancy. It is feated on the river Mofelle, which divides it into two parts, 12 miles NNW. of Nancy. Pont- A r lie k, a town in the depart- ment of Doubs, feated on the river Doubs, near Mount Jura. Pont- Audemer, a town in the de- partment of the Eure, 13 miles NVV. of Louviers, and 85 NW. of Paris. Pont-de-Ge, a town in the depart- ment of Maine and Loire, feated on the river Loire, 3 miles SSW. of Angers. Pont-de-l’Arche, a town in the de- partment of Eure, 5 miles N. of Louviers, and 62 NVV. of Paris. Pcnt-de-Vaux, a town in the dept, of Ain, feated on the river Reffo rifle, 16 miles NW. of Bourg-en-Brefle. Pont-DF-Vesle, a town in the de- partment of Ain, with a manufactory cf Qq ' Hurts PON duffs called Auguftines, and alfo of tape- dry for the coverings of arm-chairs and fofas, of the fame kind as thofe of Aubuf- fon. It is feated on the river Vefle, 12 miles NNW. of Bourg. Pont-du-Gard. SeeGARD. Po^te-de-Lima, a town of Douro, Portugal feated on the river Lima, 13 miles N W. of Braga, and 190 N. of Lif- bon. Ponteba, or Ponte Imperial, a town of Carinthia. Ponteba Veneta, a town of Friuli. Pontefract, or Pomfret, in the time of the Saxons called Kirkby, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfliire, fituated in a rich foil, noted for its nur- fery grounds, and large plantations of li- quorice and fkirvvorts. Itscadle, now in ruins, has been the feene of various tra- gical events in the Englifh hiftory. Ri- chard II. after being depofed, was-ftarved or tormented to death here; and here Anthony, Earl of Rivers, and Sir Richard Grey, were murdered by order of king Richard III. It is fituated at the conflux of the rivers Are and Dun, 22 miles SSW. of York, and 175 NNW. of London. A great lhow of liorfes begins on Fe- bruary 5. Market on Saturday. Pontesbury, and Pontes/ord, Shropf. on the Mele, SW. of Shrewlbury. Ponte-Stura, a town of Montfer- rat, feated at the confluence of the Stura and Po. Ponte-Vedra, a town of Spain, in Galicia, feated almod at the mouth of the river Leris ; it is famous for its fifhcry of fat-dins, (a kind of pilchards; which makes its principal riches. Pont-Gibaut, a town in the dept, ©f Puy-de Dome. Near this place is the village of Rore, with a diver mine, and a vinous fourftain of mineral water. It is 10 miles WNW. of Clermont. Ponthieu, before the revolution, a ■4m all country 'in Picardy, fituated be- tween the rivers Candle and Somme. — Abbeville was the capital. Pont lit a ul, or Pont- Eland , Northum- berland, 6 miles NVV*. of Newcadle. PonTivy, a final 1 town in the dept, of Morbiiian, with a manufacture of linen. It is l'eated «n the river Blavct, 26 miles N. of ’Cannes. Pont-l’Eveoue, a town in the dept, of Calvados, feated. on the river 'i'onque, 10 miles N.'Of.Lifipux. Pontoise, a town in the department of Seine and Oife, built in the form of an amphitheatre, it was taken by the F.ng- lil h in t)ie year 13.. j by a fignular ftrate- £ POO gem- The ground being covered witft* fnow, the aflailants drefl’ed themfelves in white, with ladders painted white, and' fealed the walls before the centinels could perceive their approach. Charles Vll. however, retook it by dormin 1 432 . It is feated on an eminence, on the rivers Oife and Vienne, 17 miles NW. of Paris. Pont-Orson, a town in the dept, of the Channel, feated on the river Coefnon* with a tide harbour, near the fea, 20 miles SSE. of St. Malo. Pont-Remoli^ a town of Tufcany. Pont St. Esprit, a fmall, ill built town in the dept, of Gard. It is feated on the river Rhone, over which is a fine Hone bridge, built in the middle of the thir- teenth century ; it condds of 19 great* and 4 fmall arches. The extreme light- nefs of the dru&ure, compared with the depth, rapidity, and width of the river, fills the mind with aftonifhment. . To fa- cilitate the paflage of the water in time of .floods^ apertures have been made through each pier, about 6 feet above the common level of the river; and to leilen the ex- treme rapidity of the Rhone, the bridge is not built in a right line, but in the form of a curve. Pont St. Efprit is 17 miles. S. of Vmers. Pont St. Maxence, a town in the dept, of Oife, feated on the river Oife, 5 miles N. of Senlis. Pont-sur-Seine, a town in the de- partment of Aube, feated on the river Seine, 4 miles NNE. of Nogcnt-fur- 1 Seine, and 55 SSE. of Pari;. Pont-sur-Yonne, a town in the ' dept, cf V onne, feated on the river i Yotinc, 8 miles NNW. of Sens. Pontypool, a town of Monmouth- fhire, noted for a manufactory of japan- ned ware. It is ieated on the river Avon, which turns feverai mills for the working of iron plates, 15 miles SW. of Mon- mouth, and 146 W. by N. of London. Market on Saturday. PonT-y-Pridk. SeC-TAAFE. Ponza, or Pontia, a fmall illand o« the coaft of Naples, in the Gulf of Gaeta* belonging to the duGby of Parma. * Pool, a town of Dorfetfhire, con- fiding of about 1000 houfes, moftly built of done, but. low. The harbour here is one of the bed in the Channel for mer- chant (hips, admitting veflels of 400 tons burden up to the quay, and -the ground is every where i'oft. Pool role fird into confequence, when the ancient town of Warcham fell to decay, it now ranks pretty high among the Englifh lea- ports, and its trade and population are rapidly ideating. i POP POP increaflng. Two hundred and thirty foil of Shipping, burden 21,301 tons, and em- ploying about 1500. men, belong to this port. Of thefe, about 140 fhips are em- ployed in the foreign .trade, and in the Newfoundland filhcry, which is the prin- cipal branch of bulinefs here, as alio to the Baltic, Norway, America, Portugal, Greenland, &c. and the remainder in its fine coafting trade, (particularly in corn and coals) and in filhing. The cuftoms, in 1770, amounted to 13,7471. Near the mouth of the harbour is a bank, from which valt quantities of oyflers are car- ried, to be fattened in the creeks of Ellex and the Thames. It is fituated upon a peninfula projecting into a capacious bay, called Luxford Lake, or Pool Har- bour, which branches into many creeks, and forms feveraliflands, 40 miles WSW. of VVinchelter, and 105 SW. of London. Markets on Monday and Thurfday. Poo /, Devonlhire, in Tiverton parifh. Pool, Cornw. in Minhenoit parilh. Pool, Yorkfhire, E. of Otley. Pool, or Pole- Cains , Wiltf. NE. of Malmfbury. Pooles, Chefhire, 3 townfhips N. of Namptwich. Pooley, Weftmorl. at the foot of Uilefwater, has a fmall market for fifh. Pool-Hall, Chefhire, N. of Stanney, Pool- House, Elfex, NW. of Maplefted. Pool, South , Devonlhire, in Slapton pa^ rifh. Pools- Hole , Derbyshire, in the Peak, near Buxton. Pooly, Warwickf. near Polfcworth. Poo/bank, Wcftmon- land, in Croffwaite parifh, G miles from Kendal. Here is a remarkable cavern, called bairy-Hole, from which a fiream of water ifl'ues after a fall of rain. PoonaH, a fmall and mean- built town of Hindooftan, in Vifiapour, capital of ,the Wefttrn Mahrattas, It is 30 miles E. of the Gauts, and 75 SE. of Bombay. Poo/iings , or Poynings, Suflex, E. of Stening. Poo r and a r, a fortrefs of Vifiapour, in Hindooftan, where the archieves of governme-.t are kept. It is feated on a mountain, 20 miles SSE. of Poouah. Poor-Head, a bold and lofty cape, near Kinfale- Harbour, in Cork, Munfter. Poorstock, Dorfetfhire, N. of Bridport. Poor ton , N. and S. Dorfetf. near Be- minder. Pooton- Lancelot, Chefhire, near Eaftham. Popa Madre. See Mad re dePopa. Popayan, a province of Terra Firma, wafhed on the YV . by the South Sea, and bounded on the E. by New Granada, and by Quito on the S. It is about 440 miles long, and from 70 to 240 broad. The temperature and foil - ry according to the lituation of the country, in the plains, or on the Tides of the mountains. In fomg places it is rather cold than hot, and in others the reverfe; while at Popayan, the capital, there is a perpetual fpring throughout the year. It is more fubjedt, however, to tcmpefls of thunder and lightning than any other of the known parts of America, and frequent damages are done here by earthquakes. In gene- ral, the foil produces a great abundance of grain and fruits, and breeds vafl num- bers of cattle and fheep, fome of which are fold in the towns, and others are driven to Quito. Popayan is one of the belt trading countries in Terra Firma. It has a tranlitory commerce with Carthagena, when the galleons arrive there : as alfo a reciprocal one with Quito, fending thither horned cattle and mules, and receiving cloths and baize in return. Its r.dtive commerce corffifts in dried beef, lalted pork, roll-tobacco, hogflard, rum, cotton* ribbons, and other fmall wares. Popayan, the capital of the province of the fame name, is the conftant refidence of the governor, who is always chief ma- giflrate or corregidor. The magiflracy* or corporation, as in all other cities of this country, confifts of regidores, who are per- fons of diflindtion, with the corregidor at their head ; and from them are annually cl|jofen two ordinary alcades, for maintain- ing order in the city. Popayan is the fee of a bifhop, and contains feveral convents and a univerlity. The inhabitants ar$ about 25,000. It is 190 miles NNE. of Quito. Pope, Dominions of the, or the Ecclesiastical State, a country cfl: Italy, bounded on the N. by the territo- ries of Venice ; on the E. by the Adriatic j on the SE. by the kingdom of Naples; and on the S. and SW. by the Mediterra * nean, Tufcany, and Modena ; extending from SW. to NE. 240 miles, and about 60 in its mean breadth. Jt is divided in- to the following provinces : the Cam- pagna of Rome ; St. Peter’s Patrimony ; Umbria, or Spoleto ; Ancona; Urbino ; Romagna; the Bolognefe ; the Ferra- refe; the Orvietan ; Sabina; duchy of Caftro ; county ©f Caflello ; and territory of Perugia. Some authors have obferved, that confidering the pope’s dominions ge- nerally confift of a fertile and excellent foil; that his harbours, both on the Gulf of Venice and the Mediterranean, are ad van - tageoufly fituated for trade; that here* ceives confiderable fums from Spain, Ger- many, &c. which might be fuppofed to be no {mail cafe to h : s fubjedjs ; that his country POP country is vifited by foreigners of cliff i no- tion, who caufe much wealth to circulate 5 the pontifical government feems well cal- culated for happinefs, and the country might be fuppoied to lie very iiourilhing. But the very reverie of this is the cafe. The country is ill cidtivated, and thin of inhabitants, the Bolognefe alone ex- cepted. Trade and manufactures are but li* tie encouraged ; and were it not for the fertility of the foil, which furnifh.es the inhabitants with dates, figs, almonds, olives, and other fruits, which grow fpon- taneoufly, the indolence of the inhabitants is fuch, that they would be ahfolutely Barred.' This indolence is not wonder- ful, fince they know, that tlie more they acquire, the more will be demanded of them. Their numerous holidays are great impediments to the exertions of in- dufirv; and the number of young fi rmly' beggars, who llroll about as pilgrims, in- ftcr.d of incrcafing the common flock by their induftry, lie as a dead weight on their fellow- fubjedts. Various other cauies might be mentioned, as the- multi- tude of hoipitals and convents; the incon- ceivable wealth which lies ufelefs in thefe convents, and in the churches; the inqui- sition, and the rigour of the papal govern- ment. Hence it is, that in no part of Europe are to be found people more wretched than the pope’s fubjetfs. The pope, according to the ancient canon law, is the fupreme, univerfal, and independ- ent head of the church, and invoked with lovereignty over all Chrlftign fovereigns, communities, and individuals,, bis ar- rogant pretentious are lb well known, that it is needlefs to expatiate upon them. The reformation begun by Luther dif- pellcd the delufion in many parts of Eu- rope;' and the prog-refs of learning, and the fpirit of free enquiry, has enlightened many even of the liomifh countries, where the papal political iyftem is treated with contempt. The origin of this monilrous ufurpation, which for ‘ ages held the Chriflian world in the 1110ft degrading iubjecVon, belongs more properly to ecciefiaiticn! hiffory. The pope lias the title of Holy Father, and Holiness, and he is elected at every vacancy, from among the cardinals, each of wham is fry led his Eminence', and their number was fix d by Sixtus V. at 70, but this number is fel- don. complete. Every nation of the Ho- man Catholic religion has a cardinal for its protector. Bolide the ecqkiiaftical Bate, the pope is pof felled, oi the duchy of BeYievento, in- lire kingdom 61. Nap.es, worth about GO’JO ciowns a year. The POP, annual revenue of the pope is computed to he S, 700,000 feudi, or upward of 2,000,000k fterling. This pontiff bears * awns, and, as an emblem of his paftoral of- fice, the crozier, or crook, forms a part 1 of the inngnia. His military force is in- confiderable. His body-guard confifts " of 40 Swiis, 7b cuiraffiers, and 75 light * horfe. 1 1 is naval force confifts of a few. 5 gallies, Rationed at Civita Vecchia. Rome a is the capital. PoPERiNgUE, a town of Flanders 9 county, fituated on a river of the fajne =1 name, G miles NNW. of Ypres. Pope's , Herts, in the pari fin of Hatfield- k Bi (hop’s. Pope s- El all, Kent, near 'I ’art- | lip. Pope" s-H< le, Surry, on the river VVey, in brenfham par.fli. Pophall , Suf- ; ; ficx, W. of Haficmere. P, pham, Hamp- ; fill re, between Bafingftoke and Oldiloke. 1 Poplar , Middlcfcx, fo called from the trees of that name with which it once b abounded, is fituated on the Thames, E. \ of Limehoufe, in the parifh of Stepney. It contains upwards of 1000 houfes. Popo, or Papa, a territory of Guinea, s on the Slave Coaff, about 8 leagues in ex- ; tent. The foil is flat- and fandy, without ' either hills, or trees, And the inhabitants J have fcurce any houfes to dwell in, befide 1 the king’s village, which is fituated in an c ifland in the midft of a river. Their chief trade is in flavcs. Poppletoti , Upper and Nether , Yorkf. ’ E. of Hefley-Moor. Pops hall, Kent, near Coldred. Porcah, a Dutch town of Travan- ( core, in Hindooftan, fituated on the coafi of Malabar, 75 miles NW. ofTravancore. ; Poiiccva town and jurifdictioji of Ea ) Plata, in S. America, fituated on the W*. * of Potofipand extending about 20 leagues. J Here is the mountain of Porco, from 1 wliofe mine the Yncas extracted all tire : filter for their expences- and ornaments ; it was accordingly the firit worked by the Spaniards after the conquefr. It is about V 5 leagues diflant from the city of Ea Plata. Par kellys, Cornwall, W. of Penryn. Park in ^ ion, Shro.pf. NW. of Ofwefiry. Pork, bid, E ; urh. m, N. of Bi (hop -Falk- land. Eorklhorp, \ orkfhire, W. o( Kil- liam. Porl.il , or Par Loyd, a river in Car- narvonf. Porland , alias Pcri//gla/t(L (breat and Little, S. of Norwich, Pori. ock, a town in Sorperfetfhire, with a quay and imall pier, and a few veil els uiualk employed in fetching coals and iune from V ales. In' the centre of tlie oay is d.ooy for ca idling wild- fowl. aL a ic.vteu.on the Euftol Channel, at tire bottom P O 11 V bottom of a commodious bay, 14 miles X. by W. of Duiverton, and 167 VV. of London. At prefcnt there are only three markets in a year, viz. on Thurfday be- fore May 12th, Thurfday before Odtober 9th, and Thurfday before November 1.2th; but formerly a marketvvas held here every I Thurfday. Porrentrui, a neat and populous town of Germany, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, capital of the dominions of tiie' bifhop of Bafle, and the principal place of bus refidence. The epifcopal palace (which has been lately repaired and augmented) Hands upon an eminence overlooking the town. Jt is 22 miles SW. of Bafle. Porselon, or Porselcuc, a rich and commercial towm of Siam, furround- ed with hafticns, conftrutSicd l)y feme French engineers. It is fituated on a large river which runs into the Gulph of Siam, in lat. 17. 46. N. and Ion. 100. 40. E. Par si on, Dorfctfhire, between Cerne- Abbey and Dorchefter. 4 Port , in Donegal, Lifter. Port ado wn, a town in Armagh, Ul- [ Iter, where the linen manufacture is car- ried on pretty exten lively. It is p!ea- I fantly fituated on the river Bann, into which the canal of Newry falls within a mile of this place, 65 miles from Dublin. Pori Aet.hwy, Artglefea, the mo ft ge- neral ferry into the ilJand, where there is ! annually a paillige of cattle of from 12 to about 1 5,000 heads, exclufive of multitudes | of (beep and hogs. The ranch ling flock of cattle in the ifland is computed at 30,000. •In 1770, upwards of 90,000 bufineis of corn were- exported from this fen'y. * Portaferry, a town of Down, in Lifter. Heretofore a pretty- brifk trade was carried on in' this place, and between SO and 40 vefiels belonged to its port. From the high lands about Porlaierry there are very fine profperils over the whole lake of Strap, gford, the circumja- cent country, the fca, and the Hie of Man. It is featpd on the rapid ferry of Strangford, 80 miles from Dublin. Porta l eg r a, a town of Alcntcjo, 30 miles NNW. of Elvas, and 90 NINE, of Lifbon. * Port Arlington, a town partly in King’s and partly in Queen’s County, Leinftcr, pleaiantly feated on the river Barrow, 36 miles SW. of Dublin. .Port-au-Prince, a fca-port of St. Domingo, fituated on the W. coafl, in a country producing cotton, indigo, fugar, 30 )d cpitpe. It was taken by t-lie Englilja FOR in 1794. Lat. 18. 40. N. Ion. 72. 10.W. Portberry , Kent, in the parifh of Bough ton -AUiph. Pori bury , Somer- fetfliire, SW. of Briftol. Porichesier, Hants, at the upper end of the harbour of Portfmouth, between Eareham and Hort- fea Ifland. Port-Chapel, Chefhire, NE. of Maccle field. Port- Cur mo, a little cove at the Land’s-End. Pori Dandy, fituated in one of .the .Copland Iflftnds, in Down, Lifter. Port-Eilioi, Cornwall, SE. of Lerka rch Porier'scale , Cumber), between the Lakes of Kcfwick and Baffingthwaite, on the S. fide of tiie Derwent. Porters , Ellex, near the Thame.-, NE. of Leigh, Porters , Eflex, near -Brarifield-Magna. Porters , Eflex, NE. of Barking. Porteston , De- vonfnire, N\V of Modberry. Portgate , Northumberland, NE. of Hexham. . P CRT Glasgow. See Glasgow Port. Port-Glenone , in Antrim, Lifter, 10.5 miles from Dublin. It is plcafantly feat- ed on the river Bann, over which there is a bridge at the end of the town, which unites the counties of Antrim and Derry. Port hilly , Cornwall, a fifhing harbour on the E. fide of Padftow-Haycn. Be- twixt this and Portkern, there is a great cave under a mountainous rock, through which, it is hid, the fca ebbs- and flows near half, a mile in length, Porthilly , Cornwall, at the mouth of Tr-ewardreth Bay. Porthsini-kra - Monm vuthfhire, between Cacrleon-Bridge and Chnft- church. P o r r ’Hunter B* y, a bay i n "the Duke of York’s Ifland. Porttci, a town and’ royal palace of Lav-ora, in Naples, 2 miles E. of the ca- pital, in a charnung fitua: on on the fea- fide. It is enriched with a vaft number of fine frames, and ot her remains of anti- quity, taken out of the ruins of Hercula- neum and Pompcia. Partington, Vorkfhire, NE. of How- xlcn. Portinshal, Cumb. in the parifh of K ivkhride. Port issiclc- Haven, Cornw, NE. of Pad flow Haven. Portkern, or P . rtquin, Cornwall, a fifhing-covc E. of Pom fii flick. Portland, a pen in fill a in Dorfet- fbire, 3 mites-S. of Weymouth, nearly 7 miles round, and exceedingly Itrong both by nature and art. Jt is lurrounded by inaccefliblc rocks, except at the landing place, where there is a ftroiig caftl?. called Portland Caftlc, built by King Henry Vi II. There is but one church in the. ifland, .and that Hands fo ue.tr the fe i t’i4 FOR P O II that it is ctften in danger from it. The whole peninfula is little more than one continued rock of white frec-ftone, about 9000 tonsof which are exported annually. It was firft brought into repute in the reign of James I. and is now ufed in London, Dublin, and other places, for building the fineft ftrudlurcs. The in- habitants are about 1300. Portland, a fea-port of N. Ame- rica, capital of Cumberland county, in the province of Main. It is feated on a peninfula, on which formerly flood part of Falmouth, and lias an excellent harbour, Portland Islands, a duller of i Hands in the S. Pacific Ocean. They are low, and covered with wood ; the centre one in lat. 2. 38rS. Ion. 149. 8. E. Porllecombt Devonf. joins to S. Pole. Portletan , Cornwall, S. of Breage. Pcrtlidge , or Poderidge , Devonf. E. of Hartland- Point. Portlock, See Porlock. Port L’Orient. SccOrient. Port Louis, a town in the dept, of Morbihan, with a good harbour, which is a ftation for part of the navy, and the Fall- India Company’s fhips belonging to France. It is feated at the mouth of the river Blivet, S miles S. of L’Orient. Port Louis, a French fortrefs on the SW. coaftof St. Domingo ; and a fea- pert on the W. coaft of Guadaloupe. PortLouis. See France, Isle of. Per thmy , Cornwall, E. of Gwindreth Bay. ’ PorT-Mahon, a fea-port town on the SE. coail of the illand of Minorca, built originally by Mago, the Carthagi- nian. The town is not large, but com- mercial and rich, with narrow, unpaved Jtrects ; and the harbour, &c. is one of the beft in the Mediterranean. Lat. 39. 52. N. Ion. 4. 30. E. Port-Nitiian, one of the Copland Ifles> in Down, Lifter. Porto. See Oporto. Porto-Bello, a fea-port town of Pa- nama, with houfes moflly built of wood, but, in fome, the firfl liory is of Hone, and the remainder of wood. It is a very un- healthy place, and is inhabited chiefly by inulatfoes. It confifts of one principal fireet, with others eroding it ; it has alfo two Iquares, a great church, and two convents. At the time of the great fair, however, it is one of the molt po- pulous places in the world, the merchants often paying 1000 crowns for lodging in a middling chamber, with aclofet, during the fair, arid four, five, or 'fix thoufand, for a lodging In largerhoufes. Columbus difeovered the harbour in 1502, and, from its extent, depth, and fecurfiy* ' named it Porto-Bello,- or the. Fair Bar- ^ hour. Its mouth is well defended by 1 Fort St. Philip, or Iron Caftle ; and ^ nearer the town, is another large cafile, 1 and a finall fort. All thefe were partly do mol i fined, and the town was taken by Admiral Vernon, with only fix fhips of war, in 1739. It is fituated on 'the "f t northern coaft of the ifthmus of Darien, 60 miles N. of Panama. Lat. 9. 33. N. Ion. 79. 45. W. PoRTO-CAVALLO,a fea-port of Terra Firma, on the Caracca’s coaft. Lon. 64. 30. W. Porto-Farina, a fea-port of Tunis, Porto-Farraic, a very ftrong fea- port town of the lile of Elba, with a good citadel. It is feated on a long, 1 high, fteep point of land, to the W. of the hay of the fame name, which is de- fended by two forts. Lat. 42 53. N» Ion. 10. 38. E. Porto Galleto, a fea-port of ; Spain, in the Bay of Bifcay, 8 miles N. ' of Bilhoa. Porto-Gruaro, a town of Friuli. , Port-Jackson. See Jackson, Port. Poftoketrel , Momn. SE. of Chcpftow. Porto-Longone, a fmall, but ftrong fea-port town, on the SE. coaft of the Hie of Elba, with a good harb«ur, and a fortrefs built upon a rock, almoft inac- t ceftible. The king of Naples puts a \ garrifon here, though the place belongs ■ to the prince of Piombino. It is 2 miles SE. of Porto Ferraio. { Porton, Wilts, between Newton-Tony ; and Salifbury. P orton, N. and S. Dorfetf. near Poorilock. Forto-Pedro, a fea-port of Majorca, Porto-Praya, a town on theE. fideof St. Jago, one of the Cape-de-Verd iflands ? fituated on a ftiarp rock, in a hay of the fame name. FI ere is a good harbour, feldom deftitute of a considerable num- ber of foreign fliipping. 'Fhe outward- bound Guinea and India fiiips, whether F.nglilh, French, or Dutch, generally touch here for water and refrefhments, but few of them call on their return tp Europe. While the mariners and paflen- gers are on ftiore, the whole coaft refem- bles a fair, every place being filled with hogs, bullocks, fowls, goats, figs, plan r ! tains, and cocoa-nuts, which the natives 1 exchange forlhirts, drawers, hankerchiefs, | breeches, hats, waiftcoats, and all manner i ofUothing. There is a fort, on thefuvn- mit POR ink of a hiTl, that entirely commands the harbour, 'which, were it properly mounted with cannon, and fufficiently garrifoned, would be a place of great llrength. Lat. 14. 54. N. Ion. 23. 37. W. Porto-Rico. See Juan-de-Puer- to Rico. Porto-Santo, an ifland of the Atlan- tic, on the coaft of Africa, the leaft of the Madeiras, not muchcxcceding 5 leagues in -compafs. It produces wheat and com in abundance; it alfo breeds oxen, wild hogs, and rabbits in incredible numbers. The moft valuable articles of commerce, however, are the gum, called dragon’s blood, honey, wax, andfifh. It has one good harbour, and good mooring in a bay, where fhips going or returning from •India, Hop to rent andrefrefh, which, indeed, is all the trade the inhabitants enjoy. Lat. . 32. 58. N. Ion. 16. 20. W. Porto-Seguro, a government on the coaft of Brafil, in the jurifdi£lion of Bahia. It is a fertile country, and the capital, of the fame name, is built on the top of a rock, at the mouth of a river, 'with a fafe and convenient harbour, in lat. 16. 45. S. i Porto-Vecchio, a fea-port in a bay, on the E. coaft of Corftca. Lat. 41. 42. N. Porto-Venero, a fea-port of Genoa. * Port-Patrick, a fea-port of Scot- land, in Wigtonfhirc, confined by the fea on one fide, and on the other by over- hanging rocks and hills. Formerly the harbour was a mere inlet between two ridges of rocks, whichraninto thel'ea,and was only fit for receiving flat-bottomed ‘boats; but now' there is one of the fineft quays in Britain erected here, with a re- flecting iigiithoufe, and above a dozen trad- ing velieb, of from 40 to 60 tons burden, fail and return regularly. A number *of veflels alfo come occaiionally from other ports. It is much noted for its ferry to Donaghadee, in Ireland, from which it is about 20 miles diftant. It is computed that 1 1,000 head of cattle, and 2000 liorfes are annually imported from Ireland to this place. Here are four elegant packet- boats for the conveyance of the mail, and the accommodation of palfengers; and the mail-coaches now go regularly from Lon- don and Edinburgh to Port-Patrick on the one fide, and between Dublin and Donaghadee on the other. The imports and exports have greatly increafcd of late .years. The population of the parilh amounts to upwards of 1000. Jt is about 107 miles S VV r . of Edinburgh, and 487 F*W, of London. POR Porl-Raman, /hunted in one of the Copper Iflands, in Down, Ulftcr. Portree, a town on the Ifland of Skye, one of the Scotch Hebrides. The inhabitants trade chiefly in black cattle, imall horfes, and kelp. Port-Renard, in Limerick, Munfter. Port-Royal, a fea-port of Jamaica. It was once one of the fineft and moft flourifh- ing fea-port towns in America, abounding in riches and trade, but on June 9, 1692, it was deftroyed by a dreadful earthquake, which feemed to fhake the very founda- tions of the ifland, and which buried nine- tenths of the town 8 fathoms under water; in 170.2 it was laid in afhes by a terrible fire ; in 1722 it was reduced to a heap of rubbifh, by one of the moft dreadful hurricanes and inundations of the fea ever known ; and in 1744 it again ■fuffered greatly by a hurricane. Warned by thele extraordinary calamities, which feemed to mark out this place as a l'pot devoted to deftruCiion, the cuftom-hoale and public offices were removed by an a£f of aflembly, and no market fuffered to beheld here for the future, it contains, at prefent, about 200 houfes laid out in 3 handfome ltreets, with feveral crol's lanes, a fine church, a navy- yard, an hof- pital, and barracks for a regiment of fal- diers. It is built on a final! neck of land, which juts out feveral miles into the fea, and is defended by a ftrong fort, kept in good repair, which has a line of near 100 pieces of cannon. The harbour is one of the beft in the world, and 1000 (hips may r:de therein, fecure from every wind that can blow. It is 6 miles S£. of Spanifh- Town, and as much by water, but 20 by land, SW. of Kingfton. Lat. 18. 0. N. Ion. 76. 40. W. Port- Royal, an ifland on the coaft of S. Carolina, the /’pace between which and the neighbouring continent, forms one of the moft commodious harbours in thofe parts. It is 12 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. The town on the JN. /bore is called Beaufort. Lat. 32. 24. N. Ion. 80. 10. W. Port-Royal, in Nova-Scotia. See Annapolis. Port-Sandwich, a harbour in the Ifland of Mallicollo, in the S. Sea. Port Hi. Ann , in Down, Uifter. Port St. Mary’s, a fea-port of Spain, in Andalufia. The Engiilh made a defeent here in 1702, with a defign to befiege Cadiz, but without fuccefs. it is 10 miles NE. of Cadiz. Portsdown, Hants, i miles from Po rtf- mouth. Uq4 PORTSEA, Portsea, an ifland of Hants, about 1 4 miles in circuit, between Portfmouth Harbour and Langfrone Harbour. It is alow trad!, feparated from the main laild by a {hallow creek, over which is a bridge. At theSW. extremity of it is fituated the town of Portfmouth j adjoining to which is the town of Portfea, built on Portf- mouth-Qommon, on con lition, that if the enemy Ihouldland, the htmjfes were to be thrown down without .compcniation to the owners. Porlshcm:, Dorfetfhire, 2 miles from Abbotfbury. Porlsholm, or Portmcad, near Huntingdon, cncompaffed with the Oufe. Portslade , Suflex, E. of New Shoreham. Port Slaty , fituated in one of the Cop- land Elands, in Down, Ulfter. ^Portsmouth, a town of Hamp- fhire, fituated on the Ifland of Portfea. It was anciently defended by a wall of timber, covered with earth ; a baftion to theNE. ; and two forts of hewn ftone at the mouth of the harbour, begun by Ed- vyard IV. and augmented by Henry VII. Queen Elizabeth fortified it with new works. King Charles II. diredted great alterations, eftablifhed new wet and dry docks, ftore-houfes, rope-yards, &c. and railed feveral forts after the modern man- ner ; which works were augmented in the reign of James IT. Succeeding princes have made great additions lince to their ftrength, extent, and magnifi- cence, fo that it is now juftly confidercd as the moft regular fortrefs in Britain: Within thefe few years, government has bought more ground for additional works, and it may be made impreg- nable by land as well as fea, fince a {hal- low water may be brought quite round it. The leaft number of men employed continually in the yard is 1000 . The docks and yards referable diftincf towns, &c under a government feparate from the garrifon. Here is alfo a fine arfenal for laying up the cannon. The harbour is cue of the fineft in the world, as there is water fufticient for the largeft fhips ; and it is fo very capacious,, that the whole Englifh navy may ride here in fafetv. The principal branch runs up to Fareham a'fecond to Portchefier ; and a third to Portfea- Bridge. Beiidcs thefe branches, there arc feveral r'tthes, or channels, where the fmail men. of war ride at their moor- ings. Qppofite th * town is the fpacious read of Spithead, ’where the men of war anchor when prepared for adlual fervice. It has one church and two chapels, one in the garrifon, and one ' in a part of the town, called the Common, for the ufc of the dock, it is 20 miles SE. of Win- chcftcr, and 72 SW. of London. Eat. 50. 47. N. Ion. 1 . 1 . W. Markets on Tuef- day, Thurfday, and Saturday. Portsmouth, a town of N. Arac-. rica, the largeft in the {fate of New Hampfhire, fituated at the mouth of Pif- cataqua River. Its harbour, which is one of the fineft on the continent, is, well defended by nature both againft ftorms and an enemy, and it has a light- houfe at the entrance. Alfo a town in Virginia, a town in N. Carolina, and a fea-port town on the W. eoaft of the ifland of Dominica, near the northern extremity. Por.tsoy, a handfome fea-port of Banffsfhire, about 61 nilcsN.ofCullen.lt has feveral fifhing and trading veffels, with fome mauufadlures* of fault, and fewing thread. Po rtugal, the moft weftern country of Europe, about 4000 miles in length, and 130 in its mean breadth, hounded on the W. and S. by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the E. and N. by Spain. Though Spain and Portugal arc in the fame cli- mate, yet the air of the latter is much more temperate than that of the former, on account of the neighbourhood of the fea. Corn is not very plentiful in this country, becaufc the inhabitants do not attend much to hufbandry ; for this rca- fon they import Indian corn from Africa, which is made ufe of by the peafants here inftead of wheat. There is a great num- ber of barren mountains ; and yet they have plenty of olives, vineyards, oranges, lemons, nuts, almonds, figs, and raifins. They have fome horned cattle, whofe fiefh is generally lean and dry. They alfo make a great deal of fait with the fea- water, especially in the Bay of St. Uhcs, whence a great deal is exported. The Portuguefe Flipping little frequent the otir-r countries of Europe or the Levant, their voyages lying rather to Biafil, and their different colonies on the coaft of Africa, from which laft they chiefly im- port negroes, gold, and ivory. They receive from their foreign- fettlements, fugar, tobacco, rum, cotton, indigo, hides, Brafil a id other woods, for dying, and many excellent drugs. Bcfidc thefe, they import gold and filver, with dia- monds and other precious ftones from America. The annual produce of gold in Brafil, may be eftimatedj without ex- aggeration, at near two millions ftcrling. The fleet which goes every year to Brafil, generally falls and returns fin 7 or w . jnonth&; B O S [in (Tilths. They trade like wife to 'their Taft India fettlcments of Goa, Diu, and 'Macao, but this traffic, once fo important and eoniidcrable, is now greatly declined. The horfes of Portugal were formerly in great etreem, but the inhabitants are now fo fond of mules, that horfes are fcarce. Towards the frontiers of Spain there arc mountains in which they formerly got gold and filvcr ; and the river T 'jo was anciently noted for its golden funds ; but now the Portugiyrfe do not think them worth minding. There are alio mines of iron, tin, lead, with fome quarries of mar- ble. The principal rivers arc the Taj o, j the Douro, the Guadiana, the Minho, the Mondego, and the Lima. Portugal is divided into fix provinces, namely, Eilra- madura, Beira, Entre M inhoe. Douro, Tra- ins Montes, Alentejo, and Algarva. The j government is monarchical ; but the royal authority -is bounded by the fundamental laws of the kingdom; for the lbvereign ! cannot raife any more taxes than were fettled in If, 74. Portugal was anciently called ' Lufitania ; but by a writing now [ extant, dated 1069, it appears that the name of Portugal was then ufed for the | whole kingdom. It is probably derived from a town on the river Douro, ancient- ly called Calc, oppofite to which the in- habitants afterwards built another town, naming it Portucale, now the flourifhing c : ty of Oporto. In Portugal are about ^00 convents, moftly very rich ; it alfo contains one patriarch, three archbifhops, and ten bifhops, bolides others in Ame- rica, Africa, the Eaft Indies, Sec. The Portuguefe are indolent, and fo fond of luxury, that they moftly fpend theirwealth in the purchafe of foreign merchandife. Liihon is the capital. Portumna , in Galway, Connaught, 74 miles from Dublin. It is fcated on the river Shannon, where it falls into Lough | D crg. Porlzpood- Hally Chefhlre, by Stockport. / , 0'-c£)77/A,!jetwcenThame andWatlington. PosfcGA, a town and county of Scia- ' vonia. P aside, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Posters, Kent, near Borden. Posting ford, : Suffolk, N. of Clare. 1. Posnania, or Posen, a town and pa- ■ latinate of Great Poland, annexed to the Pruffian dominions in 1773. It contains feveral churches and convents, and lias a con Adorable trade with Germany, being a | ftaple town. The hilhop’s fee is the molt ancient in Poland. It is fJatcd on the river Warta, 27 miles W. of Gnefna, and ' 1 4 5 WN W . of W arfa w. m ' 1 ■ : : POT Posierzcood, or Postern , Derbyf. near Helper . Post Dozen, Hants. Post House* Yorkf. N. of Wakefield. Positing, Kent* N. of Hi the. Postlip, Clone, in WincH- combc parifh. Poston, Ileref. near Pa- ter-Church. Postzcick, SE. of Norwich ontheYare. Potenza, a town of Baftlicatn, in Naples, built on the ruins of an ancient town, which was deftroyed in the year : 254 Potesgrave, Bedfordfh. rear Woburn. Potjord, E. and IV. Deyonf. near Hart- land. Potheridge, Devonf. near Great 'for ring ton. Potnol , Surry, near St. Ann’s- Hill, Po to mack, a fine river of N. Ame- rica, navigable near 309 miles. It riles in the NW . part of Virginia, and fepa- rates that ftalc from Maryland, through almoft its whole courfe, rill it enters the Chefapcak, between Smith’s Point and Point Look-out. Potosi, a town of S. America, in the jurifdiclion of La Plata, and government of Buenos Ayres, containing about 60,000 Indians, and 10,000 Spaniards, many of whom are pofteifed of immenfe fortunes. There is the beft ftlver-mine in all America, in a mountain in form of a fu gar- loaf, the colour of whofe foil is of a reddilh brown. Silver has been as common in this place as iron is in Eu- rope; however, it is almoft exhaufted ; atlcaft they get but little fro.n it, in com- parifon of what they did formerly; ami the mountain itfelf is Paid to belittle better than a fhgll. The country about this place is fo naked and barren, that they are obliged to get their proviftons from the neighbouring provinces. It appears from the public accounts, that filver to the value of 9,282,3821. fterling, lias been annually talten from thefe mines. Here is always a great demand for Euro- pean goods. It. is feated at the bottom of the mountain of Fotofi, 170 mites SSE. of La Paz. Pottercls , Herts, near N. Mini-. Pot- tern, Wilts, near Devizes. Potter- New- tort , Yorkf. N. of Leeds. Potters- Per, Middlefcx, 3 miles N. of Barnet. Pot- ter s- Hr inton, Yorkfh. E. of Sherborn. Potter*- Crouch, Herts, SW. of St. Albans. Polterspery, Northamptonf. NW. of Stoncy- Stratford. Pof/ers-Roto, KiTbx, near Great Braxtcd. Potters -Street, Pliex, near Harlow'- Bulb and Park. Puttertnn , Yorkf. near Abbcrferth. Pottos , Yorkf. N. Hiding, near Whnrlton-Caftlc, Pot- ion, Lancafhirc, by the Tea, NW. of Lrncnfter. Pot tq is T * a town of Bedford/hire, Vrcll P 0 u well watered and pleafantly fituated, though in a fandy, barren foil, 12 miles E. of Bedford, and 48 N. by W. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Pottrose , a river in Cumberland, that runs into the Irthing, above Over Denton. Potzdam, a town in the Middle Marche of Brandenburg, Upper Saxony, partly rebuilt by the late king of Pmffia, 4*o r the owners, with new, regular, and grand buildings, inftead of the old houfes which formerly frood there. The pa- lace, or pleafure feat, of the king of Pmffia, is very "curio us and magnificent, and built upon a beautiful fpot. Here is alfo an impo-rtant foundry for arms, and fome manufa&ures of illk, velvet, and other fluffs. Its garrifon is generally compofed of the king’s guards, both horfe and foot, with other battalions. Potz- dam is feated upon an ifland, about 10 miles in circumference, which is formed by the rivers Spree and Havel, 15 miles SW. of Berlin. Pqughkeppsie, a town of N. Ame- rica, capital of Duchcfs County, in die fiate of New York, h is fituated on the E. fide of Hudfon’s River, N. of Wap- pinger’s Crgek. Pougues, a village in the dept, of Nievres, noted for its mineral waters. It Is 6 miles N. of Nevers. Povington, Dorfetf. W. of Corfe-Cattle. Povington, Dorfetf. in W. Tincham pa- rifh, in PuVbeck Iflej Luckford Lake rifes near it- Poidaduff, E. and W. in Cork, Mun- ffer, about a mile N. of Rofs. Here are two remarkable great holes in the ground, about 80 yards deep, into which the fea flows by fubterranean pallages. Pouhhot, Wilts, by Devizes. Poulston- Bridge, Cornwall, on the Tamar, E. of Launcetton. Poulton, a town of Lancafhire, coinmodioufly fituated for trade, near the mouth of the river Wyre, juft by the Skip- pon. which runs into it, and communi- cating alfo by a canal with all the late in- land navigations, 1 8 miles SW. of Lan- caftcr, and 231 NNW. of London* Mar- ket on Monday. Poulton, S. of Cheffcr. Poulton , Chcih.W. of Liverpool- Haven. Poulton , Wilts, by Marlborough. Poulton-Court , Glo.uc. near Awre. Poundhill , Surry, S. of Blechingley. Poundon , Bucks, in Twyford paiifh. Poimstock , NE. of -Bottrcaux-Caftle. Pouppol, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Pourzain, a town in the depart, of Puy-dc-Dome, 36 miles N. by E. ofCler- oiejj.t,, aud 190 S, ©f Paris. PEA Powder* Batch, Shropfhire. Powder T ham- Castle , Dcvonfhire, between Ex- • mouth and Topfham ; a noble feat, which, from the Belridere, a build* ,, ing creeled near it, exhibits a prof-. pc£t, which, though it may he furpafled in greatnefs of extent, yet, fora command of objedts, a full and uninterrupted view of beautiful feenery in the diverfified country around it, is undoubtedly the firft in the weflern counties. PowerscOurt, in Wicklow, Leinfter, a romantic fpot among the mountains, about 10 miles from Dublin, near the Dargle and Waterfall.’ Powcrslown , in Kilkenny, Lcintter. Powick , three miles S. of Worcefter. Powke-Ililt , Staff, near Bentley. Pow- ley , Weflmorl. S. of Penrith. P own all, Cliefhire, SE. of Altringham. Pownce- kall, Eilex, E. of Saffron- Walden. Pozcn- - sey, Suflex, near Buckttead. P owns] or d, Somerfetf. NW. of Pitmifter. Powsey, Chclhire, E. of Frodfham. Poxwellp ; Dorfetf. by Weymouth, j Foyle, Surry, E. of Farnham. Poyles , Kent, near Bor- den. Poynton , Line. SE. of Fokingham, Praeat, a town of Afia, in Siam. Prades, a town in the depart, of the Pattern Pyrenees, feated on the river Tet, 22 miles WSW. of Perpignan. Pragilas, -a town of Piedmont. Prague, a city of Germany, in the circle of Sehlan, capital of the kingdon* of Bohemia. It comprehends three towns, the Old, the New, and the Little Town, < and is about 15 miles in circumference, J being built upon feven mountains. Here i are 92 churches and chapels, with about ? 40 cloitters. 'Fhe inhabitants are etti- ‘ mated at 83,000, of whom about 12,000 are Jews. The river Moldaw, or Mul- daw, runs through the town, and feparates the Old from the New. There is a hand* fome bridge of 18 arches, over it, built with freeftone, 1770 feet in length, and 35 in breadth, having a ttrong tower at each end. The Old Town is very popu- lous } the houfes .are wholly built of ttone, for the moil part, 3 ftories high, and the ftreets, in general, narrow. There am two large ftrutrures, one of which is the old palace, where the ancient kings refided. 'I ’he fineft ornament of tins part is the univerfity, frequented by a great number of ttudents. The Jefuits had a magnificent college here y aud it is here the Jews refide, where they have 9 lynagogues. The New Town lurrounds ; the Oid, and contains fine ttrudlures, handfome gardens, and large ftreets, 'The little town was built ©n the fpot where PRE -where there was a foreft ; and there i? a poplar-tree yet Handing 1 , which they af- firm has grown there about 1000 years. The principal buildings are the Royal Caftle, the Radfhin, and the Strawhoufe. The firft of which contains a hall, 100 paces long, and 40 bro^d, without any pillar to fupport the roof. The country around it is fertile and pleafant. Prague was taken by florin, by the French, under Marfhals Belleifle and Broglio^ in 1741, but they were foon cooped up by the Auftrian forces, and after enduring great hardfhips from famine,, and making a brave defence, they partly found means to elcape, and partly obtained a free retreat. In 1744, the Pruffians made themie.ly.es jnaflers of this capital, but quitted it again the fame year. They beiieg.d it again in 175 7, but without fuccefs. It is 75 miles SSE. of Drefden, 153 SSE. of Ber- lin, and 235 NNW. of Vienna. Lat. 50. 5. N> Ion. 14. 50, E. Prandnitz, a town of Bohemia. Prato, a town of Italy in Tufcany. Pratolino, a palace in Tufcany, with fine gardens, grottos, and water- works. Praya, a fea-port town of the ifland of Tercera, containing a church, 4 con- j vents, 3 hofpitals and about 3000 inhabi - tants. It is defended by walls and baf- tions. Precob, or Perekop, a town of the Ruffian empire, in the province of Tau- rida, or Crim Tartary ; feated on the ifth- mus that joins that peninfula to the con- tinent. Precopia, a town of Scrvia, formerly the capital of Dardania. Predannor- Point, Cornwall. N. of the Lizard. Prees , Shropf. near Whitchurch. Pree It'ood, Hertfordf. W . of St. Alban’s. Pregaer, Cornwall, near Lawhitton. Pregel, a river ofPruflia, which runs into the Frifche Halle, below Konigfberg. Pregnitz, a town of Culmbach, m Franconia, fituated on a river of the fame ' name, which runs into the Rednilz, 10 miles NW. of Nureraburg. Premadart, t^ornw. N. of V efilow. Prem; slaw, a town in Auftrian Po- land. 20 miles ESE. of Lemburg. Prendick, Northumberl. near Alnliam. Prone, Shropfhire, S. of A £t on-Bur nel- , Caftle. Prenslow, an independent town of the Ucker Marche, in Brandenburg, ca- pital of the country, feated on the lake and river Ucker. It is noted for its trade in corn, cattle, and tobacco, and alfo for its manufacture 'of cloth. PRE Preniotiy Chefhire, near the Bebing- tons, in Wirral. Presburo, or Posen, a free and roy- al city, capital of Lower Hungary ; like Vienna, it has luburbs much larger, and more magnificent than itfelf. in tjiis city the ftates of Hungary have held their afiemblies, fince 1723, and in the cathe- dral the fovereign is crowned. In the caftle, which is a grand Gothic ftruChire, are depofited the regalia of Hungary, con- lifting of the crown and feeptre of Ste- phen, their firfi king. The view from this caftle is very estenfive, commanding, the vaH and fertile plains of Hungary. The Lutherans form a church here. Prof- burg is plealantly feated at the foot of a mountain, on the Danube, 32 miles ESIu of Vienna. Lat. 48. 14. N. Ion. 17. 11. E. Presbury, Gloucefterf. 2 miles N. of Cheltenham. It has a medicinal fpring fimilar to that of Cheltenham. * Prescot, a pretty large, but not populous town of Lancafhire, 8 miles E. of Liverpool, and 195 NNW. of Lon- don. Market ofi Tuefday, Prescot, Glouccfterfhire, 2 miles from W inchcomb. Presenzano, a town of Lavora, Na- ples. Preshoe, Hants, N. of Bifbop’s Wal- tham. Preshut, Wiltfbire, on the Ken net* near Selkley. Presidij, (Stato digli) a fmall difiri£l of Tufcany, fubjedl to Naples. Orbitello is the capital. Presovia, a town of Little Poland, feated on the Viflula, 20 miles E. of Cra- cow. Pressan, Northumberl. by Learmouth. Prestbury, Chefhire, by Macclesfield. * Pkesteign, a town of Radnorfhire* feated near the fourcc of the Lug, in a rich valley. It is the handfomefi, ami heft built town in the county, with paved, regular Rrects; and here the aflizes are held, and the county gaol is kept. The market is rcmarkble for barley, of which they make a great deal of malt. It is 30 m iles W N VV . o f W orcefler, and 1 1 9 N \\\ of London: Market on Saturday. A noted fair on St. Andrew sday, O. S. Preslend, Oxf, near Benfington. Prcv thope, Shropf. S. of W enjock. Pre.itokc, Lane. SE. of Bolton. Preston, near Buck- ingham. Preston, Chcfliirc, NE. of l 'rod- fham. Preston, Duvonf. S. ofChudleigh. Preston, Dorfetf. E. of Winborn-Minfreri Preston , Dorfetf. near the fra, between Weymouth and Poxwell. Preston, Durii. S. of Stockton. Preston, Durh. on the Tees, N. of Varum* Preslon t Gloucei. • - niiics P R E miles SW. of Ledbury. Preston, Gloucef. 2 miles from Cirencefter. Preston, Flints, NW. of Cbriftchurch. Preston, Herefordf. near Mockas. Preston, Herefordf. SE. of A mbreley. Preston, Herts, NE. of King’s Walden. Presto ", Kent, in Shoreham pa- riih. Presto'n, Kent,! mile S.ofi everfham. * Preston, a large and handfome town in Lancalhirc, pleafantly fituated on an eminence near the river Kibble, which is navigable here for fmall veflehs, and communicating alfo with all the late inland navigations. It has a large mar- ket-place, the itreets are open, large, and well paved, and the Ironies are well built. Here is a court of chancery held, and the other offices of juilice for the county pa- latine of Lancaster. It is noted for the defeat of the adherents of the Stuarts here, by. the royal forces, in 1715. It is 21 miles S. of Lnn caller, and 21.4 NNW. of Lon- don. Markets on Wednefday and Fri- day for proviso ns, and a confiderable one on Saturday for linen cloth and other commodities. Fairs, on March 27th for three days. Sept. 7th, and the firft Satur- day aft -r jan. Gth. Every 20th year, a gu Id or jubilee is held here, which be- gins in the latter end of Augufl, and con- tinues about a month. The lair, was held in 1732. Preston, Mi dell, near K in gfbury-G reen . Preston , 2 irhles from Nortliamp. Pres- to?;, Northumb. near Tin mouth and Aln- wick. Preston, Rutland, a mile N of Tppingham. Preston, Someri. SW. of Bath. Presto?;, Suif. NE. of Lavenham. Preston, Surry, near Banflead. Preston , S idles?, N. of Brighthelmftone. Presto??, Suiiex, NW. of , Goodwood. Presioji - Bagot, Warwickf. near Henly in Arden. Preston- Barnoby, Spmerf. by Yeovil. Preston- Beats, E. of Shrewsbury. Prcs- ion-BrocJhurst, Shroplhirc, roar A 1 brigh- ten. Prv- /on- Condover, Hamplh. SW. of Bafmgnoko. Preston- Capes, North- ampton, N. of Afnbv-Canons. Presfon- C Impel, \V dim ori. SE. of Kendal. Pres- ton- Patrick, Wellm. in Holme parifh. Preston- Scar, Y o'rkf. near Middleham, remarkable for its exlenfive profpedls. Preston, Bast, Suflex, N E. of Arundel- Haven. Preston-Gaglin, York f. SW. of Pontefract. Presto?i - GeBolds, Shropf. W. of Shrtvwfbury. Preston, Great, Yorkf. SE. of -Leeds. Presto??- /Jail, Kent, by Aylesford. Preston Howes, Solid:, NW. of Pevenfey Haven. Presto??, Little , Yorkfhire, SE. of Leeds. Presto??, Long, A orki. S. of Settle. Presto??- AI on fjord, Shropf. W. of Shrewsbury. Preston on- New;, Gloucef. 9 piitys froip Cainpdeji, P It I Presto??- P a?is, a village of Fladdington-. ihiiv, in Scotland, noted for its- fait- works, and for the defeat of the royal army, under Sir John Cope, by the adhe- rents of the family of Stuart, under Prince Charles, in 1745.- Preston- Parva, , North- amp. by Prefi on- £apcs. Prestwick, Lane, near Manchdjcr. Prestwick, Northumb. in the manor of Eland. Presixvold, Leic. near Loughborough. Presiicood , Staff. SW. of Afhborn. P redwood, on the Smeital, a mile below King's Swinford. Pretons, Eflex, near the Hanningfields. Prove Park , Hants, near Bafingftoke. Prevesa, a fea-port of -Turkey in Europe, in Albania, anciehtly called Ni- copolis, built by Augufius, after the bat- tle of Aclium. It has been held by the Venetians fince 1684, and is feated on a mountain, on the Gulf of Larta, in lat. 39. 14. N. Preuilly, a town in the depart, of Fidrc and Loire, feated on the river ' ’Cl a lie, near which there are mines of iron. ; k is 18 miles S. of Loches. Priaman, a Dutch Lttlement on the W. coaft of Sumatra, a little S. of the equator. Pricklehill, Middlcf. between E. Bar- 1 net and Chipping- Barnet. Prickwillcw, 1 Carnb. NE. of Ely, on the fame river. Priddle, or Piddle, a river in Dorfetfhire, riling near Alton, and falling into Pool- Haven, near the mouth of the Frome. Priddy , Someri. between Wells and Charter Houfe. Prideaux, Great, Corn w. i near Pudfrow. Prideaux , IJert, Cornw. SW. of Lelrwithiel. Priest I loin?, a fmall ; idand near the NE. coaft of the Hie of ) Anglefea, 5 miles NE. from Beaumaris. ‘ Priesthourcs, Norfolk,, S. of Down ham. Priest' s-Ixap, in Cork, Munftcr, a rug- 1 god and dangerous pnfiage from the S. part of Bantry to the N. whence the road , into the county of Kerry leads over Alan- , gerton, the loftieft mountain in Ireland. Priglcs, Kent, in Pemburv parifh. Prigncy, Gloucef. between Gloucefter and Painfwick. Primchale, a town of Yorkfhire, . near Knarcfborough-Fordt. Market dif- ufed. - Pr?‘?nrose-lJW , Aliddlof. an eminence | between Kilburn and Hampftead, called 4 alfo C reenbury-I i ill. Prince of Wales, Cafe, the moft weftern extremity of all America. Lat. C5. 46. N. lpn. 168. 5. vV. Prince of Wales’s Islands, a congeries of illands, fiippofed to extend from New Holland to New Guinea. They were difcovprcd by Captain Cook. PldNCfc’* P R I Prince’s Island, an ifland on the W. coaft of Africa, 90 miles in circum- ference, difeovered in 1471. The air is wholefbme, and the land fertile, in the va- rious tropical productions. On the N. coaft is a town, containing about 200 houfes, and a good harbour. It is fubjeeft to Portugal, Pat. 1. 49. N. Ion. 6. 40. E. Prince’s Island, a fmall ifland in the Straits of Sunda, near the NYv . extre- mity of the Ifland of Java. It is very woody, and not much cleared. The in- habitants arc Javanefe, whofe rajah is fub- jecl to the fultan of Bantam ; and their cuftoms are liniilar to thofe of the natives about Batavia. It is vifited by European lliips for wood, water, and turtle, which latter is got here in great abundance. The bc-ft anchoring- place is in lat. 6. 41. S. Ion. 105. 17. E. Prince thorp, Warwick!', two miles S. of Woifton, near Dunfmore-Heath. Princeton, a village in the ftate of New Jericy, noted for a large college, a hamdfome (tone edifice, founded in 1738, and c alled Nafiau Hall. It is 52 miles from -New V-orh, and 43 from Philadelphia. P R I N C E \ T V T L L I A M I j E N R Y ’ S I S I>A N D , an ifland in the Eaftern Indian Ocean, ly- ing Y\ NW. of Tench’s Ifland. 1 1 is pretty , [ high, and feems to he about 70 miles in circuit. It is well wooded, and there were a number of clear cultivated trails, on which fomething was growing that had the appearance of Indian corn, or fngar- ‘ cane. Several large and well- conftructed houfes Were feen among the trees. 'I Iris 1 ifland has a luxuriant and piclurefque ap- 1 pearance, and is fuppofed to be fertile and ! well peopled. Thematives were quite : naked, and feem to be the fame fort of people as thofe on Tench’s Ifland, and their canoes of the fame conftruition. It was difeovered by Captains Ball and King in 1790. A high mountain, rifing in the centre of it, was called Mount Philip. I. at. 1. 32. S. Ion 149. 30. E. P R i 5 C £ W I L L I A M 1 1 E X Ry’SISLA N D , an Ifland of the S. Pacific Ocean, difeover- ed bv Captain Wallis in 1767. Lat. 19. . 0. S.‘ Ion. 141 6. W. Prince William’s Sound, an inlet on the NW. coaft of America, difeovered by Captain Cook in 1778. The men, w omen, and children, - are here all clothed alike. Their ordinary drefs is a fort of clofe robe, which fpmetimes reaches only to the knees, but 7 generally down to the ancles. They arc compofcd of the fkins of various animals, and are commonly worn with the hairy fide outward. The & on often paint their faces of a black cq- - p it i lour, and of a bright red, and fometimes of a blueilh or leaden hue; but not in any regular figure. The women pumSIure or ftain the chin with black, that comes to a point in each of their cheeks. Their canoes are of two forts ; the one large and open, the other fmall and covered. The framing conlifrs of (lender pieces of wood, and the outlide is compofed of the fkins of feals, or other fea animals, ltretch- ed over the wood. Their weapons, and implements fqr hunting and filhing, are the fame as thofe ufed by the Esquimaux. Our knowledge of the animals of this part of the continent is entirely derived from the lkins that were brought by the natives for fale. Thefe were principally of bears, common and pine martins, fea-otters, feals, racoons, fmall ermines, foxes, and the whit I! h cat, or lynx. The birds found here were the halcyon, or great king- fifher, which had fine bright colours; the white-headed eagle ; the humming- bird ; geefe ; lmall ducks ; and black fea-pyes, with red-bills, like thofe they had feen at lan Diemen s Land and New Zealand.. Pew vegetables of any kind were obferved here, and the trees that chiefly grew about the Sound were the Canadian fpruce pine, fome of which are of con- fiderable fize. Lat.-60.ro 61. N. Ion. 147. 0. W. Principato Citra, a province of Naples, bounded on the N. bv Lavora and Principato Ultra; on the E. by Bafi- licata ; and on the S. and \V. by the Me- diterranean ; about 65 miles in length, and from 12 to 30 in breadth. The foil is fertile in wine, corn, oil, faftron, and filk ; and they have fcvcral mineral iprings. The principal towns are Salerno, Amalfi, and Sorrento. Principato Ultra, a province of Naples, bounded, on the N. by Lavora and Molifo; on the E. by Bafilicata and Capitanata; on the S by Principato Ci- tra ; and on the \Y. by Lavora; about 50 miles in extent from E. to W. and 33 from N. to S. The principal towns are Benevenlo, Avelirio, and Conza. Prinknash, 3 miles SE. of Gloucrjfler. Prior' s- Court, Wcrcefterf. near Powick. Prior s- Hall, Effex, in Widdington pa- rifn. Prior's- Leigh, S h ropli SE. of Wel- lington. Priory, Herts, SE. of Hitchir, Priory, Kent, near Liifington. Prisall , Lancaf. NW. of Kirkham. Prisco, Lancafhire,W. ofCarftang. Pri, ley- Hill, Rudandlhire, near Thorp. Prisrendi, a town of Scrvia. Prist in a, a large town of Serv : a. Pi isUM, X or kfliirc, N W . of M id] a m . * 3 Prisrrnilo/i f PRO Priswesfon, Shropfhire, near Chirbury. Prittletcell, Efiex, S. of Rochford. Privas, a town in the dept, of Ar- deche, feated near the confluence of 3 fmall rivers, 16 miles N. of Viviers. Probns, Cornwall, NE. of Truro. Procida, an ifland in the Gulf of Naples, fix miles in circumference. It abounds in pheafants and pat ridges, and yields plenty of fruits and wine. The in- habitants are about 4000. The capital, of the fame name, is fituated on the S. coafi, on ahigh craggy rock, by thefea fide. Prom, a town of Ava, fituated on the river Ava, in lat. 23. N. Promhill, or Bromhill , Kent and Sui- fex, 3 miles SW. of Lyd. Prospect- Mousey Efiex, near Woodford-Row. Prospect- Place, Surry, hetween Wimbledon and Kingfton, 8 miles from London. Prospect-Hall, in Waterford, Munfler, near the Ferry point of Youghall. Pro- sped- Hall, in Kerry, Munfler, by the Lake of Killarney. Prospect Mount, in Kildare, Lei niter, near Rathangan, on the oppofite fide of the canal. Prosperous , in Kildare, Leinfier, 16 miles from Dub- lin. It has a manufadlure of cotton. Provence, a ci-devant province of France, on the Mediterranean, having Piedmont on the E.; and the Rhone, and the country of Venaiffin, cn the W. 'Fhe air is very different j for near the Alps it is cold, on the lea- coafi hot, and in the middle temperate. In that which was call- ed Upper Provence, the foil is fertile in corn and paftures ; but in the lower, it is dry and fandy. It produces, however, wine, oil, figs, almonds, prunes, and pome- granates, elpecially along the fea coafi from Toulon to Nice, There are orange and citron trees in the open fields ; and many medicinal plants, mineral- waters, and mines of feveral kinds. It now forms the departments of Var, the Lower Alps, and the Mouths of the Rhone. Providence, the molt flourilbing town in the fiate of Rhode Ifland, has a confiderable manufactory of cloth, and a large foreign and domeilic trade, it con- tains 700 houlcs, and upwards of 4300 inhabitants. Here is a noble college, called Rhode Ifland College ; alfo an ele- gant church for the Baptifls 3 two for the Congregationalifts 3 with others for other denominations. Providence is feated on both fi Acs of the river of the fame name, about 36 miles SW. ofBpfion, Providence, a river of \. America, which riles in -M attach u lets, and falls into Briftol Ray a little below the town of Providence, in Rkodetflandi p r u Providence, one of the Bahama Illands, in the Atlantic Ocean, the fecond in point of fize, but the beft and molt im- proved of thofe that are planted by the Englilh. 7'hey import provifions from Carolina, which they lay up iu ftore- houfes, for the ufe of fuch fhips as put in here. 'Fhe ifland produces peas, In- dian wheat, fait, and Brafilette wood 3 and fifh of various kinds are found in the greateft plenty on the coafi. It is about 30 miles in length, and 8 in breadth. Lat. 25 . 2 . N. Ion. 77. 20 . W. Providence, a fmall ifland in the At- lantic Ocean, which the Englilh bucca- neers formerly fortified, and defended againft the Spanifh guarda coflas. It is about 150 miles E. of theMcfquito Shore. Lat. 13. 25. N. Ion. 80. 44. W. Provins, a town in the depart, of Seine and Marne, famous for its mineral- waters, and excellent confcrvcs of rofes. : It was of note in the time of Charle- magne 3 but, though large, it is not po- pulous. It is 47 miles SE. of Paris. Pruck, a town of Stiria. ... Prucido- Castle , Northumb. near the Tyne, 8 miles W, of Newcaitlel Prum- sted, Norfolk, NW. of Hickling. Prussia, a large country of Europe, bounded on the N. by the Baltic and Sa- mogitia, on the E. by Lithuania, on the S. by Poland, and on the W. by Pomere- lia 3 about 180 miles in length, and near 100 in breadth, where broadeft. It is a very fertile country, producing a great deal of flax, hemp, and corn 3 and the fea, rivers, and lakes, fupply them with great plenty of filh. Pruffia alfo abounds with flocks, and herds, and fine hories. Its chief commodities are wool, honey, wax, pitch, pit-coal, hops, and buck wheat. Here is plenty of game, as white and com- mon hares, elks, deer, roe-bucks, and wild hoars j but the forefls arc, at the fame time, infefled with lynxes, wolves, foxes,, bears, wild afies, and uri, a fpccies of buf- falo. The hides of thclc lafi, which are extremely thick and fir o n g, are lold to foreigners at a great price. Here is nei- ther fait, wine, nor minerals, but yellow amber (For the fake of procuring which the Romans penetrated into and iulxlued this country) is found in great quantities on the Samland (bore. There are leveral large lakes, befides the rivets Vtfiula, Pre- gel, Memel, See. About 4 months of the year are temporal - , warm, and pleafant ; but the autumns are often wet, and tha air in winter is cold, piercing, and feverc. 'Fhe man uladf tires in glafs, linen, cloth, metals, &c. arc rapidly mcreafing. The inhabitants P U E IfchabTtants are a mixture of native Prujf- fians, (who appear to be genuine Ger- mans) Lithuanians, and Poles. The T eu- tonic order had fovereignty in Pruffia about 300 years; after which Pruffia was added to the dominion of the electoral houfe of Brandenburg, and in 1 704 it was raifed to a kingdom, by the Elector b re- ader ick, who, with his own hands, put the crown on his head, and on that of his j contort, at Konigfberg. Pruffia is divided ! into three parts, Samland, Natangen, and lOberland. Konigfberg is the capital. Pruth, a river which rifes in Red Ruffia, in the Carpathian Mountains, or in the SW. part of the new kingdom of Galicia, erodes part of Lemburg, after- ward runs through all Moldavia, and falls into the Danube nearRenay, in Bef- farabia. PrzemislaU. See Premeslaw. Przemysl, a town of Lemburg, Po- land, 37 miles W. of Lemburg. Pskof, or Pleskof, a government and large town of Ruffia. The govern- ment, once a republic, was formerly in- cluded in that of Novogorod. The town is feated on the river Velika, at the ex- tremity of the Lake Piepus, 80 miles S. of Narva, and 136 SSW. of Peterffiuvgh. Publow, Somerfetf. NE. of Pensford. Pucker idge, Herts, N. of Ware. Puck- ington, Somerf. NE. of 11 minder. Puo klechurch, Gloucef. 7 miles L. of Briltol* It was once the refidence of fome of the weft Saxon kings, of whole great build- ings fome ruins arc yet vifible. Here king Edmund was ftabbed with a dagger by an outlawed robber. Puckston , bo- fncrletfture, W. of Wrinton. Puddar, or Paddar, a river of Hin- dooftan, which rifes in the SE, part of Agimerc, and dividing the provinces of Cutch, and Gu 2 erat, falls into tbc Gulf of Cutch, 30 miles •'>. of janagur. Pudding- Norton, Norfolk, SE. of Fa- kenham. Pudciingioti % Bedford f. 4 miles, from Harold. Paddington , on the Dee, NW.of Cheftcr. Puddington , Devonf. near Cruwys-M orchard. Puddlebridge, Devonf. in Colliton parifli. Puddlehin- ton $ Dorfetf. SB. of Cerne Abbey. Pud - dleston, Hercf. E. of Leomimtcr. Pud- dleton , 5 miles NE. of Dorchdter. Pud- dle Trcnchard, Dcrfet. 2 miles NE. of Cerne Abbey. Pudlicot, Oxfordlhirc, near Chadlington. Pmhey , Eflex, in Ca- nevvden pari llr. Pudsey, Yorkfhire, W . of Leeds. Puebla, a town of Efrramadura; a town of Galicia ; and a tow n of Grenada ; all in Spain. PUL Pw ela-de-los-Angelos, a town of Mexico, capital of the province of TlafCa- la, 60 miles ESE. of Mexico. Pueblo Nuevo, a town ofVeragua* feated on a bay of the S. Sea, 200 miles S. by W. of Panama. Puente-del-Reyna, a town of Na- varre, 9 miles SSW. of Pampeluna. Puente-de-Arcobisbo, a town of New Caftile, feated on. the river Tajo, 50 miles WSW. of Toledo. Puerto Bello, Puerto Rico, See Porto Bello, Porto Rico, See. and for all names, which, in the Spanifh language, fignify a port, fee Porto ; for although that word is not Spanifh, but Italian, the Englifh have adopted it both in writing and pronunciation. Puffin Island, on the coaft of Ker- ry, in Muniter, 4 miles S>. of Brea-Head, is fteep and craggy, and has a remarkable opening or gap in its higheft part. It is much frequented by the fowl called puf- fins, and is well ftockcd with rabbits. Puglia, La, the modem name of the ancient Apulia, containing the three pro- vinces of Capitanata, Bari, and Otranto, on the N. and NE. fide of the kingdom of Naples. P ulbor ough, Sufiex, NE.. of Hardham. PulJord, S. of Cheftcr, on the river Ak?n. Pulliam, E. and IK. Dorfetf. NE. of Buck- land Abbas. Pulham, St. Mary, Norfolk, NT of Harlefton. Pull , Somerfetf. near Sedgmore. Pu/ly, S. of Shrewsbury. Puilox-Hill , Bedfordfhire, near Silfoe. Pulo-Canton, an ifiand of Cochin- China, in lat. 15. 10. N. Ion. 109. 35. E. Pulo-Condore. See Condore. Pulo-DinniNg, a fmall Dutch E. In- dia ifiand, near the peninfuja of Malacca- Pulo-Timoan, a pretty large ifiand on the E. coaft of Malacca. It is moun- tainous and woody, but produces rice, and the cabbage and cocoa-nut trees, in great plenty. Ships often touch here for taking in wood, water, and other refrefhments, and there is great plenty of green turtles. Commodore Byron landed here in 1765. Lat. 3. 12. N. Ion. 104. 25. E. Pulo-Way, an ifiand near Suma f ra, peopled by men banifhed from Acheo, from which it is diftant about 9 leagues Lat. 5. 50. N. Ion. 95. 39. E. Pulsrdh, Cornw. SW. of jacobftow. Pullers , Herts, near f! in worth. Pul- ton, Glouceftcrlhire, N. of Cricklade. Pultowa, or PoLTOWA, an indif- ferently built town of Ruffia, in the go- vernment of Ecatennoftav, rendered fa- mous by the decillve battle which was f«ugh| here, m 170°, between the Czar Yoia ■ C IT 11 P U Y Peter T. and Charles XII. Icing- of Sweden, wherein the latter Y/iis totally defeated, ■wounded* and obliged to fly into 'i urkey : 8000 men were left dead bn the field, ou4 the remaining 16,000 compelled to furrend'er at difcretiou. It is 100 miles SW. of Belgorod. Lat. 40. 26. N. Ion. 34. 25. E. PultushJ a town of Mafovia, in Po- land. PulwestOn, Ncrthumberl. near Wark- Caftle. Puna, an ifland in the South Sea, about fixty miles in circumference, and containing about three hundred inha- bitants, chiefly Calls and Spaniards, its Only town, which is of the fame name, and confifts of about 50 houfes, under a lieutenant and a priefr, is lituated on the 1\E. coair, at the head of a harbour, where there is very good anchorage for large Clips. This ifland lies at the entrance of the Bay of Guiaquil, 90 miles N. ofFaira-. Lat. T 17. S. Ion. 81. G. VV. Punc'kardin , Devonf. N\V r . of Barn- ftaple. P unchin- End, Iierts, between lienflted . and Bcrkhamfted. Punk noil, Jp-crfetf. in Port’flham parilh. P unknur , Dorfetf. by Abbotfbury. Punsbiirn , Herts, in Hatfield parilh, near Chefhunt- Couunon. P umoiiby, or Pousouby, Cuaib. between Egremont and Ravenglais. P ukta-DE l-G u » a* the capital town of St. Michael, one of the Azores, with a hdrbour and citadel. Pureeck, Isle of, a healthy tract of Dorietlhive, with -a deep day foil, to the S, of Pool Bay; about 10 miles Hug, and fc .over. It is nearly infuriated by tiie lea, the river Erome, and Luxford Lake, and has been long famous for its ftone, w hich is in great demand for both paving and building. The principal quarries lie at its ealiern extremity, near Swanwick, whence the ftone is exported. It is ot the calcareous kind, diftinguifhed into numerous forts, the lineft ot which take a polifh, and deferve the name of mar- ble. Thefe are nearly black ; and iome abound in ihelis, and are tiled for chim- ney-pieces, hearths. See. ' Tobacco-pipe day is dug up in fevcral parts ot tins ifland ; the fin eft is near CoHe- Cable, of wlpch much is exported, particularly for the Staflprdfhire potteries. Purhecx contains 2 hundreds, 1 town, and 9 pa- liflies. Purbright, Surry, in Woking parilh. Purjieet, Effex, on the Thames, 19 miles from London ; has fonie. very exteniive lime-works* alto a coniicierable public ma- gazine for gunpowder, which is depolited in feveral detached buildings that are fill bomb-proof. Purjord, Surry, near By-fl fleet and Newark, uy the river Wey. lit this parilh is a lake, 2 miles about, called Shuar 11 utcr hake. P urlund, Somcrfet- Ihire, near iieftercomb. Pur high, Ell ex, I of Cold -Norton. Pur leu, Berks, j N \V . of Reading. Purrvsburg, a town of S. Carolina,- 1 built and peopled by a colony of Swift from Noufehatel, under the conduct of a Mon lie ur Furry, it is feated on the river Savannah, G4 miles WSW. of Charlefton. Purser's -cross, Middl. in Fulham pa- S nfn. Pur slow, Shropf. near CIunbury.fi Purst on, Great, and Little, Yorkf. NW. of Pontefract. Purton, Purton-HUl, and Purtoh-Stoke, Wililhire, near Crickladej and Woottoa-Ballet. Pussy, Berks, E. o f Farringdon. Pus land, ox Posllinch, De- * voni. near the mouth of the Yalme. Put ala, or Putoli, a mountain of Great Fhibet. See Lass a. Pulley, Glouceiterf. in the parilh, of.' Morton- Valence. Pulley Chapel, Heref. . near Marday. Kills. Putloe, Glouceflerb • in Standi (h parilh. Pufnam, Herts, ty ' miles NW. of Tring. Putney , a lar.ve ! village of Surry, feated on the Thames/ .« & miles WSW. of London. Putlenham , : Surry, 3 miles N W. of Godalmin. Pul- ' teridge , or Podurick , Herts, 6 miles NNB, • ot Hunt ’able. Pnt.lon , DorfetJhire, on the coaft, between fleet and RadipoleJ Pulswood, Kent, near Ofpringe. P uy, Le, a populous town in the dept.| ; ol Upper Loire, feated on the mountain , 'Anis, near the river Loire, 40 miles NNE. * of Monde, it has manufactures of lace \ and filk fluffs. Puy-Cerda, a confiderable town of 1 Spain, in Catalonia, capital of Cerdagne . ■ it is 45 miles NVV. of Girona. Puy-de-Dome, a depart, of France, . part of the late Auvergne, and computing almQit all Limagnc, a territory about 12 leagues longy by 6 broad, one of the moft plcaiant and fertile in France ; in which are feen, under the fame point of view-, orchards, meadows, vineyards, and arable- land, in a word, every kind of cultivation imaginable. The borders of this basin- ox circular plain, are mountains, now co- vered with habitations, herds, and flocks; but once io many volcanoes, which exhi- bited to the inlpedtion of the learned the molt extraordinary phenomena. Clermont is the capital. Puy-en-Anjou, a town in the dept, of Maine and Loire, 10. miles S\V . of Saumur, and 1(30 SW. of Paris. Pu y-Lap hens, a town in the dept. of Tarn*. P Y II ! Tarn, 8 miles $W. of Caftres, and .23 E. of Touloufe. | Puzzoli, a celebrated, but now in- confiderable town of Italy, fituated on I the Bay of Naples. The temple of Jupiter j Setapis in this town is accounted a very interefiing monument of antiquity; being quite different from the Roman and Greek | temples, and built in the manner of the j Asiatics; “ probably,” favs Dr. Moore, by the Egyptian and Afiatic merchants i fettled at Puzzoli, which waS the great 1 emporium cf Italy, till the Romans built Oftia and Antium.” The ruins of Ci- j cero’s villa, near this place, are of fuch i extent, as to give a high idea of the wealth of this great orator. Pwllhelly, a large town in the S. part of Carnarvonlhire, feated on the fea- ffde between two rivers, 6 miles E. of Newin, and 243 NW. of London. Mar- : ket on Wednefday. | Pyddington , Northamp. NW . of Oul- ! ney. Pykeden, Northumberl. in Mitford manor. Pyle , a river of Momnouthf. which runs into the Olwy, 2 miles NE. of Ulk. Pyle, Chelhire, in Delamere- Foreft. Pyle, Chelhire, near Delamere- Foreft. Pymore , Dorfetfliire, a little N. of Bridport. Pynham , Suffex, near j Arundel. Pyramids of Egypt, ftrtu'dures for- merly counted one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Thefe furprifing monu- ments of antiquity, which baffle the re- i fearches of the deepeff antiquary, to fix with precifion their origin, are built upon 1 a rocky bottom* at the foot of the high mountains which run along the ancient courfe of the Nile, and feparate Egypt fr m Lybia. various have been the con- jectures how and when they were built, yet no two authors agree exactly about them; however, this is certain, that they are extremely ancient, and that there is no account in any author of credit, when or for what reafon they were founded : moil imagine they were defigned for tombs, though there is no difcoverable entrance into two of them. There are many of thefe edifices at a greater difiance in the defert, of which very little notice is taken by travellers. The principal pyramids are ESE. of Gize, a village on the wefiern Ihorc of the Nile. .There arc 4 of them that deferve the attention of the curious ; for though there are 7 or 8 others in the neighbourhood,^tbey are nothing in com- panion of the former : the 2 largeft pyra- mids dre 500 feet in perpendicular height. The plain they (land on is a continual rock, almoft covered with a moving fand. P Y R in which are great numbers of {hells and petrified oyfters. The meft northern of thefe great pyramids is the only one that is open ; and thofe who enter it, and clam- ber up to a fort of room, find >u tomb, or farcophagus, which Ihews by its dimen- fions, that men were of the fame fize then as now. The external part is chiefly built of great fquare fiones, of an equal fize, without either lime or cramps of any me- tal. This pyramid is three hours journey from Old Cairo, and the entrance into it is on the N. fide. The opening leads fuc- ceffively to five different pafiages, which, though running upward, downward, and horizontally, tend all toward, the S. and terminate in two chambers, the one un- derneath, and the other in the centre of the pyramid. In the upper chamber is the farcophagus juft mentioned ; it is of gra- nite, and if firuck with a key, founds al- moft like a bell. The afeent to the top of the pyramid on the outfide is by ftep?, which are the height of each fione, the lowermoft of which is 4 feet high, and 3 broad; but they were, not originally de- figned for this purpofe. The bafe at the N. fide of it is 693 feet, and as the pyra- mid is exactly fquare, the other fides muff be of the fame length. If we imagine 4 equilateral triangles, mutually inclining till they all meet in a point at the top, we (hall then have a true notion of the dimenfions and figure of this pyramid ; the perimeter of each triangle compre- hending 2079 feet, and the perimeter of the bafis 2772 feet. Whence the whole area of the bafe contains 430,049 fquare feet, or 1 1 acres and fomewhat more. However, the top does not end in a point, but in a little fiat, or fquare, where fome imagine the Egyptian priefts made tiieir aflronomical obfervations. One of the pyramids, about 150 feet high, is built with bricks of uncommon dimenfions, fuppofed by fome to have been the work of the enflaved Ifraelites ; who, accord- ing to Jofephus, were obliged, under Pharaoh, to cut canals for the Nile, build walls, and ere£t pyramids. Pyrenean Mountains, or Pyre- nees, mountains which divide France from Spain, and extend from the Medi- terranean to the ocean, being/ about 212 miles in length. They have different names, according to the different places in which they fiand. There are only 5 paf- fages over them from one country to the other ; the 3 principal of which are from. St. Sebaftian to St. Jean de Luz, from Pampeluna to St. Jean de Luz, and from Jonqueira to Perpignan,' Thefe Inc un- it r tains P Y R PYW tams yield great quantities of timber, trldges. Its vallies are very fertile ; filf- with abundance of pitch and tar. nifhing rye, millet, Spanith corn, and Pyrenees, Eastern, a department flax. The mountains have minds of lead, of France, W. of the Mediterranean, iron, and copper, and quarries of flate, and containing the late province of Ron- fine marble, and jafper. Tarbes is the lilion. Although great part of it is capital. mountainous, it is fertile; producing Pyrmont, a town and county of corn, excellent wines, olives, oranges, and Weftphalia. At a little difVance from leather of a fuperior quality. Perpignan if are mineral waters, of a vinous, acid is the chief town. taile, well known throughout Europe, Pyrenees, Lower, a department of and much frequented. It is 12 miles France, bounded on the S. by Spain, and SW. of Hameln, and 40 $W . of Ha- on the W. by the Atlantic ; it is com- nover. : pofed of the provinces of Bearn, Na- Pyrna, a town of Meifi'en, in Upper varre, and part of Gaicon.y. Pau is the Saxony. Near it is a very fine quarry of capital. See Navarre. ftone, which is tranfported to different Pyrenees, Upper, a department of places by the river Elbe, on which it is. France, bounded on the N. by the dept, ieated, 10 miles SE. ot Drefden. * of Gers, and on the E. by the dept, of Pyseck, a town of Prachin, in Bo- Upper Gamine ; it is compofed chiefly hernia. of the late province of Bigorre. It pro- Pytcorthy* Devonf. near Houlfworthy* duces excellent horfes and good par- Q U A Q u A Q U ACKENBRUCK, a town of fe£ts are found here. The capital is Q.uic~ Weftphalia, in Qfnaburg. ling, er Kouei-ling. , Quaday, or Cuadac, a lea- port of Quang-Tong,Quamtum, or Can'* Afia, in Tonquin, ieated on a river of ton, a province of China, bounded on the fame name*. the E. by Kiang-Si and l okien, on the c>. Quad in, a town in Upper Egypt, by the ocean, and on the \\ . by i onquin feated on the Nile, between Efne and and Quang-fi. It is diverfified by valhcs Dander. It is remarkable for a great and mountains, and yields two crops of number of valuable and ancient mo- corn in a year. It abounds in gold, jew- ; nu men t s. els, iilk, pearls, tin, quickfilver, fugar, sluadrage , Devonfhire, in the panfh of brafs, iron, fieel, faltpetve, ebony, and fc-i Houlfworthy. quadring, Lincolnshire, vend forts of odoriferous wood ; hcfule SE. of Dunnington. Quecre, Wilts, on fruits of all forts. They have lemons of the Madder, near Wilton. ‘Huainton , the fize of a man’s head ; and ahother iort Bucks, NW. of Aylefbury. • which grows out at the tr imk cf the tree, Quaxu, or Quaoua, a difiricl: of whofe rind is very hard, and contains a Acambou, in Guinea, on the Gold Coaft. 'great number of little cells full of anex- The manufacture of cotton habits, called ccllcnt yellow pulp. I hey have a io a Quaqua gowns, forms a confulcrable tree', whofe wood is remarkably hard and branch of trade here. heavy, and thence is called iron wood : Quaneu, Camb. near Milderihall-Fen. and a prodigious number ol cIucks, w -o e Quang-Si, an inland province in the eggs they hatch in ovens. A great num- S. of China, fituated to the NE. of Ton- her of fmall barks are loaded with tlieie quin. It produces plenty of Rice, being ducks, and carried to feeu on tiie ca watered by fevered large rivers. The fhore, where, at low water, they md fouthern part is a fiat country, and well fhrimps, ovflers, and othdr lhcli-iitn. cultivated; but the northern is full of Thefe fmall fleets generally go in compa- niouutains covered with trees. It con- nies, and the ducks mix together cn * e tains mines of all forts; and particularly fhore ; but when night approaches, t ey a gold mine. They have a particular are coUe&ed together by beating on a tree, of whofe pith they make breed; and bafm ; they immqdiatelv term tnetmeivei there arc little infeCis winch produce white into different hocks, anu uu . ^.ann* , A nnmM' nf uriM anib the veflel it belongs to. i he mountatf Q U E creep along the ground, and are fo tough that they make bafkcts, hurdles, mats, and ropes of them. Canton is the capital. Qua) dock Hills , in Somerfetf. Quan- tock's Head , E. and IE. Somerfetf. near Watchet. Qnarendon, Bucks, in Bearton parifh, A ylefb ury- Val e . Quarendo)/, Leic. 2 miles N. of Mountfonrcl. Quarington , 4 miles SE. of Durham. Quarington , Lincolnf. near Sleaford. Quarington, or Quafherington, Kent, in Merfiiam parifli- Quarleston, Dorfetf. SW. of Bland ford. Quarley , Hants, NW. of the Wallops', Quarnc/on, near Derby. Quarnford, Staf- fordf. in Alflonficld parifh. Quarr , Dor- fetf. in Furbeck Ille, a little E. of Hay- croft. Quarr, Ifle of Wight, between Newport and St. Helen’s. Quarry Hill, 4 miles from Durham. Quarten, a town of Swi fieri, near Wal len ftadt- Lake, 5 miles E. of Glarus. Quat , Shropfhire, on the Severn, E. of Chelmarfh. Qu afford, Shropfhire, on the Severn, a mile below Bridgnorth. Quebec, a large and nandfome city of America, the capital of Lower Canada, founded by the French in 1608. ft is built on a rock, and is divided into the upper and lower town. The river, which, from the fea hither, is about 4 or 5 leagues broad, narrows all of a hidden to the breadth of a mile. The harbour is fafe, fpacious, and commodious, and about 5 fathoms deep. It is flanked by two baftions, that are raifed 25 feet from the ground, which is about the height of the tides, at the time of the equinox. The caftle ftands on the. brow of a rugged hill, 40 fathoms above the town. The forti- fications arq irregular, yet the place, from its fituation, is capable of making a flout defence. The lower town is chiefly in- habited by merchants, whofe trade is con- fiderable. The noblefl flrudlure in the whole city is the palace where the gover- nor refides. In 1711, a body of land forces, under Brigadier-general Hill, were fent with a defign to conquer Canada ; but the expedition failed through the rafhnefs of the admiral in failing too near the Seven Ifles, feveral {hips being loir, with a number of failors. In 1755, it furrendered to the Englifh, after a vi&ory obtained by the brave General Wolfe, who fell in the engagement. It is fitu- ated at the confluence of the rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles, in lat. 46. 55. N. and Ion. 70. 31. W. \ Queda, a kingdom of Afia, on the W. coaft of Malacca, tributary to Siam. The principal town, however, which is of the fame name, i§ fubjedf to the Dutch. QUE Hefe arc mines of tin and lead, of which metal they export large quantities to Per- fia, Arabia, and India. It has a good har- bour, and i§ 300 miles WNW. oi the city of Malacca. Lat. 6. 40. N. Quedgley , 3 miles S. of Glouccfter. Que'dlingburg, a town of Halber- ftadt, Upper Saxony, with a famous ab- bey, whofe abhefs is a princefs of the em- pire. The inhabitants live by brewing, hulbandry, and feeding of cattle. It is 7 miles SSE. of Halberftadt. * Queenborougii, an ancient, but poor town of Kent, in the Ifle of Shop . y, fituated at the mouth of the river Med- way. The chief employment of the in- habitants is oyfler- dredging, oyfters being here in great plenty, and of a fine flavour. It is 15 miles miles NW. of Canterbury, and 43 E. of London. Markets on Mon- day and Thurfday, if not difufed. Queen- Camel , Soinerfetlhire. Queen Charlotte’s Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, difeovered by Cap- tain Wallis in 17 67. It is 6 miles long, and 1 wide. Lat. 19. IS. S. Ion. 138. 4. w. Queen Charlotte’s Sound, a Sound at theN. extremity of thefouthern iflandofNew Zealand, near Cook’s Strait, lying in lat. 41. 0. S. and Ion. 184. 19. E. The climate here is much more mild than at Dufky Bay j and though there is not fuch plenty of wild fowl and fifh, that de- fedl is amply compenfated by a greater variety and abundance of excellent vege- tables. Moll of the hills about the Sound confifl of an argillaceous fione, of a green- ifh grey, or bluifh, or yellowifh brown colour. A green talkous, or nephritic, which the jewellers call Jackie, is likewife very common here, together with horn- ftone, fhingle, feveral forts of flinty ftones and pebbles, fome loofe pieces of bafaltes, flrata of a compact mica, or glimmer, with particles of quartz. Hence Captain For- fler thinks there is great reafon to flip- pofc, that this part of New Zealand con- tains iron ore, and perhaps feveral other metallic bodies. The country here is not fo fteep as at Dufky Bay, and the hills near the fea fide are, in general, of an in- ferior height, but covered with forefts equally intricate and impenetrable. The dogs here are of the long-haired fort, with pricked cars, and much refemble the common fhepherd’s cur, but they are very fiupid. Queen’s County, a county in Ire- land, in the province of I. einfter, about 25 miles fquare ; bounded on the N. and W. by King’s County and part of Tipperary, 11 r 2 * Q U I cm the E. by Kildare and part of Carlow, and on the S. by Kilkenny. It was for- merly full of woods and bogs, but is now much improved, it contains 50 parilhes, about 15,048 houfes, and 82,000 inhabi- tants, Maryborough is the capital. Queen-Court, Kent, near Ofpringe. Queen-Hill , Worcef. by the Severn, S. of Upton. Queen-Lodge, or Manor, Wilts, in Clarendon-Park. Queen-Moor, So- merfetlhire, near M ellon. Queen- Park, Warwickf. V. . of Kenilworth. Queen’s Ferry, a town ofLinlith- gowlhire, feated on the Frith of Forth, where it is not more than 2 miles wide. It is a much frequented ferry, and is 9 miles W. of Edinburgh. Queen- Island, one of the Blafquet- Iflands, on the -coal! of Kerry, Munfter. Queinton, Glouc. 5 miles N. of Camp- den. Queinton, Upper and Lower, Glouc. in Queinton pen in. Quehes, Kent, in Thanet Hie, near Bichington. Quenbery, Herts, NVV. of Bifhop’s Stortford. Quen- by, Leiceflerf. near Bilfdon. Quendon, Ef- iex, near Newport. Quenihorozc, Leiccf. SE. of Mountforrel. Quenington, Glou- ccf. 2 miles from Fairford. Quenny, a ri- ver in Shroplhire. Que nock -Chape l, Mon- liiouthlhire, N. ofCaerleon. Quentin, St. a town in the dept, of Aifnc, with a conliderable manufadlory of lawns and cambrics. Near this place, in F>:>7, the Spaniards gained a fignal vidlory over the French, and afterwards took it by Form. It is feated on an emi- nence, near the Somme, 21 miles S. of Cambray, ami 8b N. by E. of Paris. Querci, a ci-devant province of France, divided into the Upper and Lower, and fertile, in corn, wine, and fruits. It now forms the department of Lot. Qu erfurt, a towif of Upper Saxony, capital of a county of the lame name. Querkeiness, or Kerkeines, an- ciently Cercina', two illands on the coaft of Tripoli, containing fevcral villages. Quern, Gloucef. by Cirencefter. Quesnoy, a- fmall, but Frongly for- tified town, in the depart, of the North. It was taken bv the allies, under the Duke of Ormond and Prince Eugene, in 1712, and retaken by the French the Fame year, it is feated in an extenlive plain, on the little liver Ro belle, 9 miles SSE. of Va- lenciennes. Quclhwdc, Cornwall, E. of Lefkard. Quevinglon, Gloucef. near the Coin and Fairford.. Qulbo, or Queypo, a town of Cofia Rica, in Mexico, near the S. Sea. Q U I , Quiberon, a fmall pcninfula ih the' dept, of Morbihan, to the N. of Belleifle ; alfo a fmall ifland, called the Point of Quiberon, feparated from the peninfula by a channel: the fea next it is called the Bay of Quiberon. It is remarkable for an ill-conceived and unfortunate expe- dition again# France, of Engl ilk troops and emigrants, in 1795. A terrible flaughter was made of thefe laft devoted men, who feem, on this occafion, to have formed the forlorn hope; they were pufhed foremoft in attack, and left behind in retreat. Quick bury, Effex, W. of the Rodin gs. Quickswood, Herts, by Baldock. Quid- denham, Norfolk, by E. Marling. Qui- Hall, 5 miles from Cambridge. Quillebeuf, a fmall town in the dept, of Eure, feated on the' river Seine, 8 miles SW. of Caudebec, and 22 W. of Ilouen. Quilmancj, a . town and river of Zanguebar, on the eoaF of Melinda, fub- jedf to the Portuguefe. Lat. 2. S. S. Quiloa, a kingdom on the coaft of Zanguebar, near the mouth of the Coavo, extending about 60 leagues from N. to S. They all fpeak the Arabic language, it is fertile, abounding in all the necef- faries of life, but tributary to the Por- tuguefe. Lat. of the principal town, fituated near the mouth of the Cavao, 8. 50. S. Quilon. SeeCouLAN. Quimper, a town in the dept- of Finifterre, feated on the Oder, 30 miles SSE. of Breft. Large barks may come up to this town at high water. Quimperle, a town in the dept. of. Finifterre, feated on the river Ifotte, 8 miles NVV. of L’Orient. Quin, in Clare, Munfter. QuyscEY, a town in the depart, of the. Seine and Marne, 6 miles SW. of Meaux. Quin GEY, a village in the dept, of Aube, fituated on the little river Ardufi'on, near Nogent upon the Seine, and at no great diftance from the city of Troyes. In this parifh, is the foundation or convent of The Paraclete, a place interefting to the readers of Fnglifh 'poetry, as it will ever recall the delightful epiltles of Pope and Cauthorn. Mr. Pope’s defeription,. how- ever, is only ideal and poetical, there being neither rocks nor pines to be feen here; nor is it a kind of ground (being in a vale) which ever feemed to encourage fucb objedls. The fuperftru6turc of the Pa- raclete is, probably, not the fame as the twelfth century produced; but the vaulted part. QU I QUO part, as the arches are all pointed, are imagined, with reafon, to; be fitch. -4- low building, adjoining; has, however, marks of real antiquity, and l'cems to have been the public hall where Abelard gave his lectures ; for, in the walls on each fide, are lmall horizontal apertures, that have ftrong appearances of benches. In the abbatial vault, which, being lmall, is much crowded, the bones of the unfor- nate lovers, Abelard and Eloifa, are de- pofited ; by thefe, Eloifa appears to have: been much taller than Abelard. In the convent are, or lately were, only 22 fillers. Quin gey, a town in the dept, of Doubs, 1.2 miles SW. of Bcfangon. Quintin, a town in the dept, of the North Coaft, b miles SW. of St. Brieux, and 200 W. of Paris. Quintin- Bay, in Down, Ulfter, near Donaghadee Harbour. Quintin- Castle, in Down, Ulfter, 2 miles S. of Porta- ferry. Quinton, Northamp. near SaCy-Foreft. Quirieu, a town in the dept, of Ii'erc, 12 miles E„ of Lyons. Quirimba, or Queriea, a clufter of iflands on the coaft of Zanguebar, fertile in fruits and paftures. Lat. 11 . 40. S. Quistello, a town of Mantua. Quiteva, orKiTEA, a town of Da- rah, a country of Africa, partly dependent on Morocco. Quito, a town of S. America, capital of an audience, feated in a pleafant valley, between two chains of the Andes, on higher ground than the reft of habitable Peru, being above 300 yards higher than the level of the fea. It is a hilhop’s fee, and contains feveral convents and an univerfity. All forts of merchandii'c -and commodities are exceedingly dear, on account of the difficulty of bringing them hither. The inhabitants amount to be^ tween 50 and 60,000. Lat. 0. 13. S. Ion. 77. 50. W. Quito, an audience in the viceroyalty of Terra Firma, S. America, lying be- tween two chains of the Andes, and bounded on the N. by Popayan, and on the W. by the Pacific Ocean ; its extent is not known. The lands arc generally well cultivated, and there are a great number of towns and villages inhabited by the Spaniards, or native Americans, Every village is adorned with a large fquare, .and the church llasids on one fide of it. The ftrccts are generally ftraight, aird refpedl the four quarters of the world; and, indeed, all the roads are laid out in a line, crofting each other, infomuch that the general afpedl of the country has the appearance of a large garden. It might he imagined this is a very hot country ; but it Hands fo high, and fo near the mountains, perpetually covered with fnow, that the air is very temperate. There are no noxious ani- mals; for the tigers and ferpents are be- low in the forefts. They have no vi- cunas, or guanacocs here, but they have an animal of the fame kind, called by the natives lamas. They have the va- rious forts of materials proper for dying, and feveral forts of fruits and plants, which have been brought from Spain, befide tbofe that naturally grow here. T hey have alfo imported beeves and fheep. In the N. part they get a great deal of gold. The commerce here is principally carried on by Europeans. This province confifts of 9 jurifdidtions : Ibar- ra ; Otabala ; Quito ; Latacqnga ; Rio- bamba ; Chimbo, orGuaranda; Guaya- quil ; Cuerca ; and Loia. After the con- queft by the Spaniards, Quito was an- nexed to Peru; but a new government having been lince creeled at Santa Ft? de Bagcda, it was difmembered from Peru and annexed to Neyv Granada. Quixos, a diftridl of Quito, in S. America. Quizama, a maritime country of Africa, in Angola, ft retching along the river Coanza. It is mountainous, and little cultivated ; but the Portugqefi; get here abundance of honey, wax, and fait, Quizi^a, or Teusin, a chain of mountains in Fez, above 90 mijes iu extent. Quahley -Green, Ilampfh. 4 miles from Bifhop’s- Waltham. Quoja, an inland country of Africa,, lying about 100 miles N. of the coaft of Guinea. It ts faid to extend from Sierra Leone to the Grain Coaft, and to contain, hefides Quoja Pp>pcr, kingdoms of Bolm, Gihij 4iuilligia ? an(J Carredabm Hr.3 HA A IV It A U It A I) R AAB, or GYOR, a town of Han- Raddon , or Rodden, Somerfetf. E. of gary feated near the confluence of Frome. Raddon, Devonfhire, in Shobvook the rivers Danube, Raab, and Rabnitz, parifh. Radjield- Chapel, Kent, in Bap- 53 miles SE. of Vienna. child parifh. Radjord , near Nottingham. Raarse Y, one of the Weftern Iflands Radjord , Nott. in Work fop par. fit. Rad- of Scotland, E. of Skye. It is 7 miles ford , Warw. near Coventry. Radjord- long, 3ncl 3 broad. The foil here is fitter Sanely, Warwickf. near Oftchurch. for pafture than agriculture. There is plenty of wood on it, and a good quarry of flone. Rabastens, a town in the dept, of the Upper Pyrenees, 10 miles NNE. of Tarbe. Rabat, a town of Morocco, filtrated on the coafl of the Atlantic, oppofite Sal- lee, near the mouth of the river. The Europeans have had, at intervals, feveral factories here ; and Rabat is now the mod proper place for trade of any on this coafl. The inhabitants arc much employed in making gauzes and filk fluffs. Rabbit- Island, in Kerry, Munftcr, W. of Innisfallen. It is chiefly remarkable for its quarries of good litne-flonc. Rabley- Heath, H erts, near South Mims. Raby, Chefhire, between the Dee and the Merfey. Raby-Caslle, Durham, by Stain- drop : an irregular magnificent pile, of great fizc, built by John de Neville, about the year 1708, and now the refi- dence of the earl of Darlington. It is an entire embattled fortrefs, with feveral great fquare towers, and is furrounded by a fofs, and a fine parade, garnifhed with battlements. Raby^Colcs, Cumberl. N. of the Holm. RacaURl, in Limerick, Mu fier. Raghore, a city and diftridl ofllin- dooftan, fubjedl to the nizum of the Dec- can. It is feated in the country of Gol- condti, on the S. bank of the- Kiiina, 70 miles SW. of Hydra bad. Rackenjord, Devonfhire, N\V. of Ti- verton. Rackham, Sufl’ex. Rackhcalh, near Norwich. Raclia, a fmall ifland of the Archipe- lago, near that of N:o. it is only inha- bited by two or three monks, who take care of a few fhcep and goats. IiA co nig i, a town of Savigliano, in Piedman t, 8 miles NE. ofSaluzzo. Racoole, in Dublin, Lein Her, 7 miles from the metropolis. Radon, Sufi ex, NW. of Chichefter. Radbor'n, Wilts, between Wotton-Balfiot and Highworth. Radbrook, Glouc. in Queinton pari flu Radburn Hall, near Derby. Radcoi- Bridge, Oxf. in Lang- ford parifh. Raddindgzcn, in Meath, Leinfter. Radicofani, a town ofTufcany. Radignndes , Kent, near Dover. Radi - | pole, Dorleti. 2 , miles from Melcomb- | Regis. Radlcston, Dcrfctf. near Bland- . ford. Radley- Hall, Berks by Abingdon. Radley- Hall, Efl’ex, W. of Terbng. Radma'Jjsdorf, a town of Carniola. i Radmill, Suflcx, S. of Lewes. Rad- more, Stafl’ordfhire, in Cannock-Forefl. J Radnage, Bucks, E. of Stoken-Church. i Radneslock, Somerfc-tf. between Gedney- j Moor and Mendip. Radnor, Chefhire, 5 on the Dane, oppofite to Conglcton. ^Radnor, New, a very ancient town of S. Wales, in Radnorfhire, formerly ; the county-town ; but the afiizes are l now held at Prefteign. It has one ex- j traordinary privilege, that of keeping a court of pleas for all actions, without ' being limited to any particular fum. It is feated near the faring head of the l river Somergil, or Hen dwell, (which riles in the Hendwcll pool, and- empties 1 itfelf' into the Lug, a little below PreU ^ teign) 24 miles NW. of Hereford, and ; 15G WNW. of London. Market on Saturday. The principal fair on Si, Luke’s Day, O. S. Radnorshire, a county of S. Wales, J 25 miles in length, and 2.2 in breadth; bounded on the E. byShropfhirc and He- j relordfhire; on the W. the SW . and S. by Cardiganihire and Brccknocklhire ; | and on the N. by Montgomcrylhire. it is divided into G hundreds, which contain 4 market-towns, 52 parifhes, about 8160 * houfes’, and 1S,9G0 inhabitants. The K. and S. parts of this county are to- lerably level, and productive of corn ; the other parts are rude and mountainous, devoted chiefly to the rearing of horned - cattle, fheep, and goats. The NW . angle is an abfolute defert, apd almoft im- pailable. Radnor is the county- town, but the afiizes are held al Prelieign. Radom, a town of Sandomirz, in Poland, Radon-Park, Yorkih. near Rowland- Forefl. Radstadt, a town of Saltzburg, in Bavaria. Radstcck, Somerfetf. NE. of Mid- fummer-Norton. Radstone, Northamp, N- of R. A I “Nr Brackley. Radway , Warwick f. on the fkirt of Rdgehill. Radwelly Bed- fordffiire, near Bletfbe. Radwinter, Efiex, near Colchefter. Ragby, S orkf. SE. of Wakefield. Ragdale , Lcicefterf. NW. of Melton-Mo .. bray. Raggivolo, a town of Mantua. Rag H LIN,. an illand on the W. coaft of Donegal, in Lifter. Lat. 5 4. So. N. Ragilbury, Somerfetf. W. of Stanton Drew. Ragland- Castle, Monmouthf. on the Oilney river, N. of Uik ; a very large and noble ruin, more perfect than ruins of this kind commonly are. Two or thrbe fides of its large odhagogal tower are (till remaining. Ragley , Warwickf. near A Ice be;-. Ragnell , Nottinghamf. in Dunham manor. RagniTZ, a town of Pruftian Lithu- ania, fituated on the p' r cr Menimel, 5q miles ENL. of Koningfibcrg. Rag u c>.\, a town in Val-di-Noto. Rag usa, a city of Dalmatia, capital of the Fiagufan, with a harbour, it is about £ miles in circumference, is pretty well built., and has an inacceffible moun- tain on the land fide, and on the fide of the fea a firi ng fort. This place isdiftin- gulffied by the finenefs of its manufac- tures, and the citiz ns are all traders. It is a republic, and has a doge, like that of Venice, who continues only a month in office. During his auminiftra- tion,- he lives in the palace, wears a long {ilk robe with white fleeves, and receives 5 ducats a month. It is 60 miles NW. of Scutari. Lat. 42. 53, N. Ion. 18. 10. E. Ragusan, The, a fmall territory in Dalmatia, in Europe, containing 4 towns, and a few fmall iilands in the Adriatic! The language in common ufeis the Scla- vonian, but moft of the citizens fpeak the Italian. Before the prefent war, it was a republic, under the protedlion of the Turks and Venetians. liagulh is tfie papital. Raheny, in Dublin county, Rear the fea, 4 miles N. of the metropolis. Rad- holp , in Down, Lifter. Kajapour, a town of llindoofitan, {i- tuated on the coaft of Concan, 6 miles N. of Gheriab. Rajemal, a town of Bengal, formerly a place of great trade, but now in a ruin- ous ftate. It is feated on thO W. bank of the Ganges, 190 miles N. byW. of Cal- cutta. Rain, a town of Upper Bavaria, taken by the Engliih and Imperials in 1704. R A M Rainfelden, a town in the Arch- duchy of Auftria. Rainesborough, Ncrthamp. near Charl- ton. Rainjord, Lancalhire, between Weft Darby and Wigan. Rainham, a village of E-fiex, about a mile from the Thames, where there is a ferry to Erith,' in Kent. The marines in this neighbourhood are uncommonly fine, and covered with pro- digious numbers of cattle. It is 1.0 miles E. of London. Rainham, Kent, 4 miles E. of Rochefter. Rainham -I lull, Norfolk, between Lytcham and fiaken- ham. Rainham , Sts, Margaret, Marlin , and Mary, Norfolk, W. , of ' Rainham- Hall. Ra inhill, Lancaf. near Prefcot. Rainton, Yorkf S. of Thirfk. ‘Rainy, or Long Lake, alake of N. America, NW. c.f Lake Superior. It is nearly 100 miles long, but in no part more than 20 milefc wide. Ruisgill-Hall , Weftmorland, between Langdalq and Sunbiggin, on the rivulet Raifebeck, near where it falls into the Lune. Rakeseurg, a town of Stiria. Rakonitz, a town and circle of Bo- hemia, 24 miles W. of Prague. Rakow, a town of Sandomerz, in Poland, where the Socinians had formerly a college and printing- houfe. Raleigh, Devon!, near Barnftaple. R alii hang, in King's County, Leinftcr. Ram ad a, or New Salamanc*, a town of St. Martha, Terra Firma, 90 miles E. of St. Martha. Ramanancor. Sec Ramisseram. Rambert-de-Joux, St. a town in the dept, of Ain, 18 miles SSE. of Bourg en Breiie. Rambervilliers, a town in the dept, of the Vofgcs, 19 miles NNE, of Mire-court. Rameouillet, a town in the dept, of the Seine and Oife, 27 miles S\V. of Paris. Ramc , Cornw. near Mount- Edgcumb. Here is a promontory called Ram-head, winch ferves as a fea- mark ; it lies a little SW. of Plymouth. Ravte , Cornwall, NW . of Penryn. Rain island, in Lough. Neagh, Leinftcr. Rameru, a town in the dept, of A ube j 18 miles NNE. of 'Proves. Rqmeshcad., Hants, S. of Portfmouth. Rapiicqel , in Dublin, Leinftcr. Ramillies, a village in the late Auf- 1 trian Brabant, memorable for a battle fought here, k.Iay 23, N. S. 1706, be- tween the’ allies, under the Duke of Marlborough and the Marffial Cl Auvcr-. querqtje, and the French, under Marffial Hr 4 Vpleroy R A M Villeroy and the Elector of Bavaria. The latter loll all their baggage and artillery, about 120 ftandards, 600 officers,, and 6000 private fbldiers, befides about 8000 billed and wounded. The lofs of the former did not exceed 3000 men. It is 1G miles N. of Namur. Ramis seram, an ifland in the Indian Sea, between Ceylon and the coaft of Madura, about 30 miles in circumference. The foil is fandy. It contains a few vil- lages and a pagoda. Lat. 9. 18. N. Ion. 79. 22. E. Ramla, anciently Arimathea, a poor village of Paleftine, with a manufacture of foap, which is fent into all parts of Egypt. It is 18 miles NW. of Jeru- falem. Ram m eke ns, a fortrefs of Zealand, on the Me of Walcheren, 3 miles E. of Tlufhing. Rammeleerg, a town of Mansfeld, in Upper Saxony. There is a large and lofty mountain of the fame name, in which there is a rich mine of lead, copper, zink, vitriol, yellow ochre, &c. near Collar. Rampisham, Dorfetfhire, a mile and a half from Wroxhall. Rampton , Camb. near Cottenham, Rampton , Notting. NE. of Tuxford. Ramsbury, Wilts, on the Kennet, between Newbury and Marl- borough. Ramsdean , Hampfhire, W. of Petersfield. Reyns den, Oxfordf. be- tween Charlbury and Witney. Ramsdon , Bellhouse , Cfay, and Heath , Eflcx, near Bellericay. *Ramsbury, a fmall town in Wilt- shire, noted for its fine beer. In the time of the Saxons it was the fee of a bifhop, hr ft united to Shirborn, and af- terwards tranflated to Old Sanmr. It is feated pn the Rennet, between Newbury and Marlborough, 46 miles E. of Briftol, and 69 W,' of London. RAMsBY,a town of lluntingdonfhire, formerly famous for its wealthy abbey, and hence called Ramfey the Rich. Part of the gate-hpufe yet remains, with a negledled flatiie of Ailuin, the founder, the epitaph of whofe tomb is reckoned one of the oldeft pieces of Englifh fculp- ture extant. Aihun is therein ftylcd kinfman of the famous king Edward, al- derman of all England, and the miracu- lous founder of this abbey. It is feated in the fens; among' rich ground, proper for tillage and pafture, and near the meers of Ramfey and Whitlefey, Which abound with fowl, and excellent pikes and eels, 12 miles NNE. of Hunting- don, and 69 N. of London. Market on Saturday. It A N Ramsey, an ifland of S. Wales, on - the coaft of Pembrokefhire, about 2 miles in length, and a mile and a half broad. / About the beginning of April* fuch nu-: merous Rocks of migratory birds, of le- ' veral forts, refort hither, as would appear® incredible to thofe who have not feenfil them. Among them are the eligug , called in Cornwall, a kiddaw 7 , and in Yorkfhire, a scout, razor-bill, puffin, and J harry- bird. Thefe two laft breed in thejg rabbit holes, but the two former on the • bare rocks, without any fort of nefttjfl Near it are feveral fmall ones, known by the name of the Bifhop and his Clerks. It is 4 miles SSW. of St. David’s. Ramsey, a town on the NE. coaft: of the - Ifle of Man, with a fpacious haven, in which the largeft {hips may ride at anchor, with fafety from all winds but the NE. and then they need not be embayed. Lat. 54. 18. N. Ramsey, Efle^, near Harwich. Ram « sey, Effex, an ifland near St. Ofyth’s. Ramsgate, a fea-port of Kent, in the Me of Thanet, where two very fubftantial ftone piers have been lately built for the ! fecurity of the harbour, w hich is now ca- Jj pable of receiving 200 fail of ftiips. t Ramfgate has fame trade to the Baltic, t and is much reforted to as a bathing place. It is 6 miles S. of Margate. Ramsgill, Yorkf. \\ . Riding, in Ne- • therdale. RamsHolt , Suffolk, near Wood- bridge. Rcrmside, 2 miles from Durham. .< Rarfiside, Lancaftnre, between Barohead i and Foulncy-lfte. Ramsmill, Yorkfhire, \ W. Riding, N. of Langftrethdale-Chace. i Ramjor, Staffordlh. near Wotton- under- \ Wever. ' Ramullin , in Donegal, Ulfter. RaNai, otOranai, one of the Sand- ; wich Iftands, in the N. Pacific Ocean, difeovered by Captain Cook, about 3 leagues W. of Mowee. The country to the foil th is high and craggy } but the. other parts have a better alpeft. It pro- duces very few plantains' and bread-fruit trees, but abounds in yams, fwcct pota- 1 toes, and taro. The inhabitants were about 20,000. . . Ranhy, Nottinghamf. in the pariflies of Blithe and Babworth. Rancheria, a town of St. Martha, in S. America. Rand, Lincolnfhire, near Wragby. Randalstown, a town in Antrim, Ulfter, 88 miles N. of Dublin. Randby, Lincolnfhire, NW. of Horn- cafrle. Handers, a town of N. Jutland, trad- ing in leather gloves, earthen ware, and ltrong RAP ftroEg beer. It is feated near the mouth of the river Gulden, on the Baltic, 20 miles E. of Viborg. Near it i§ a plenti- ful falmon filhery. . Randon Batail, Northumb. in Herte- flieved manor. Randzcick, Gloucefterf. Smiles NW. of Stroud. Ranehili, St. Somerfetfhire, W. of Crewkern. Ranelagh , in W icklow, Lcinfter. Ra- nelagh, a mile S. of Dublin. Rangezevrthy , Gloucefterlhlre, 3 miles from Wickware, and 3 from 'Ihornbury. Rakensbnrozv- Hill, Rutland. NW. of Catmofs-Vale. Rclumer, Surrv, a range of hills near Box hill, from which there are very extensive views. Rannoch Loch, a lake in the N. of Penhlhire, about 8 miles in length, to the K. of George's Town, and S. of Loch Ericht. Ranou •, Chef. W. of the Shire Pones, by Macclesfield- Foreft. Reinstall, Not- tinghamf. in Blithe parifh. Ranstadt, a town of Stolberg, Upper Rhine. Ranstadt or Alt Ranstadt, a town of Leipfic, Upper Saxony, 6 miles W. of Leipfic. Ranstadt, or Mark Ranstadt, a town of Merlburg, Upper Saxony, 6 miles WSW . of Leipfic. Ranston , Dorfetihire, near Shrowton, Ran tam pour, a town and circar of Agimere, 86 miles E. or the city of Agi- f mere. Ranting Wheel, a rock in Strongford- 1 Bay, in Down, Ulfter, occafioning an ed- I dy-tide, or whirlpool, very dangerous for 1 boats at the entrance of the bay. 1 1 lies near . Quintin- Point, and is mofily underwater. Ran ton, Staffordlhire, SE. of Ecclefhal. Rantzau, a county of Holftein. Ramrorth, Norfolk, on the Bure, oppo- fite Ludham, SE. of Wrexham-Bridge. . Raolconda, a town of Golconda, near which are fome diamond mines. It is 60 miles NW. of Rachores. Raon l’Etape, a town in the dept, of the Vofgcs 8 miles N. of St. Dieg. Rapallo, a town and bay of Genoa. * Raphoe, a town in Donegal, Ulfter, 107 miles NNW. of Dublin. Rappk rsciiweil, a fmall republic and town of Swillerland. It is under the protection of the cantons of Zurich and Bern, and is governed by a great and lit- tle council, confifting of 4 8 members. Its territory is about a league in circum- ference, and comprehends three parifhes, on the N. fide of the Lake of Zurich. The town is feated on a neck of land, which advances into the lake, and over |yhich is a bridge near 1850 paces long. R A T built by the Counts of Habfpurg, in 1353 - It contains 200 burghers, and ahout 1000 inhabitants, who are moftly of the church of Rome. It is 12 miles SE. of Zurich. Rapolftein, a town in the dept, of the Upper Rhine, called in French Ri- baurPierre. It is 8 miles N. of Colmar. Rapolla, a town of Bafilicata. Rappahannoc, a river of N. Ame- rica, which riles in the NE. mountains of Virginia, and running ESE. falls into the Bay of Cbefapeak, about 26 miles S. of the mouth of the Potomack. It is deep near the lea, and up to Frcdericfburg, 1 10 miles from its mouth, it aft’ords 6 feet depth of water. Raritan, a river of N. America, in New Jerfey, which palling by Brunfwick and Amboy, mingles with the Arthur Kull Sound", and helps to form the fine harbour of Amboy. Rascia, a territory in the N. part of Servia, which takes its name from the ri- ver Rafca. It is fubjeeft to Auftria. Rasdale Abbey, Yorkshire, N. Rising, S. of Danby-Park. Raseborg, a fea-port of Nyland, in Finland, 50 miles SE. of Abo. * Rase'n, a town of Liucolnlhire, com- monly called Market-Rafen, to biftin- guilh it from Eaft, Weft, and Middle liaifin, in its neighbourhood. It is feated on a branch of the river Ankanr, which has lately been made navigable for Hoops of 50 tons to Glandford Bridge, and for boats to Bilhop’s Bridge, 14 miles NE.. of Lincoln, and 150 N. of London. Market on Thurfday. Rasgill , Wefimorland, near Shap. Rashxirkean, in Antrim, Ulfter. Rash lei/, Devonlhire, SW. of Chim- leigh. Rashton, Shropfhire, near.Wre- kin-Hill. Raskill , Yorkf. NE. of Bo- roughkridge. Rasocalmo, a cape of Sicily on the N. coaft, near a town of the fame name, to the W. of Cape Faro, and N. of Mef- fina. Rastadt, a tov/n of Baden, in Sua- bia. It is remarkable for a treaty of peace concluded here between the Imperialifts and French, in 1714. Rasthprp, Yorkfhire, E. Riding, near Y ork- W oulds. Rastrick , Y ©rkfhire, N- of f Juthersfield. Rasy* SeeRAARSEY. Ratyb , 3 miles from Leicefter, fup- pofedto be the Ratie of Antoninus. A Ro- man camp was lately difeovered here, in 1773. It is very perfedd as well as the vallum or rampart, and forms a parallello- gram of about 280 yards long by 15$ broad. R A T broad. Ratcliff Lancaflfire, near Bury. Ratcliff, Nott. near Work fop. Ratcliff, Nott. upon the Soar, near its conflux with the Trent. Ratcliff -upon-Trent, SE. of Nottingham. Rutcliff-upon- Wreath, Leicefterfifire, E. of Mountforrel. Ratkangun, a thriving village in Kil- dare, Leinfler, feated on the N. bank of the Grand Canal. Rathbeag, in Kilken- ny, Leinfter. Ra/hbrand, in Wicklow, Leinfler. Rathbride, in Kildare, Lein- fler. Rathby, Lincolnf. SW. of Louth. Rcdhclare and Rathclaim, both in Cork, Mu niter. Rathconnel, in Kildare, Lein ilcr. Rathcnol, fee Racoole. Rath cor muck, a town of Cork, in M under, 1 il miles SSW. of Dublin. Rath Crayhan, in Rofcommon, Con- naught, near F.lphin. Rath Dow;;, other- wife called the Grounds , arc fhelvcs or banks of fand, fituated along the coaft in the Irifli Channel, which appear dry even at High water, yet between them and the fa ore, the water is 7 fathoms deep. Ruth* dcrcvny, in Queen's County, Leinfler. # lx a thdrum, a town of Wicklow, in Leiniier, noted for its monthly market ■for flannels. It is 25 miles S. of Dublin. Rather, or Neither, a river in Yorkf. which runs into the Dent, below Sed- bergh. Rathenau, a town in the Middle Marche, Branden burg. Io.it/ jam ham, a pleafant village in Dublin, Leinfler, 2 miles S. of the me- tropolis. RaLhfran, in Mayo, Connaught. * Rathfr.il and, a town of Down, in Lifter. ’ It is feated on a riling ground, having four large Araight roads leading up to it, and entering in the town, 57 miles N. of Dublin. ’ * Rathkeal, a town of Limerick, in M under. It is feated on the river Decl, i 08 miles SW. of Dublin. '"■* RathmeVor , a village of Donegal, in Ulflcr; feated on Lough Swill V, 152 miles N'NW. of Dublin. Rathnill. Yorkf. in Gigglefwick pnrifh. Rathmines, a village of Dublin, in Leinfter, one mile S. of the metropolis. Rathpiolicn, and Rathmorc, both in Meath, Leinfter. Rat/mwylan, a parifh in Waterford, Munflcr, on the coaft of which there are fevers 1 caves and fubter- r?neous paflages. Rath -Gwen, in Welt Meath, Leinfter. Rdthronar., in Water- ford, MunAer. RathsaUagh, in Wick- low, LciriAer. Rathsherlln, in Antrim, Llfler. Raihvilly, in Carlow, Leinfter. R. tibor, a town of Silefia, capital of a principality of the fame name. It is. IF A V feated on the river Oder, in a country fer-, tile in corn and fruits, 15 miles NE. of Troppaw, and 142 E. of Prague. Ratisbon, or Regensperg, an im- perial city of Bavaria, anciently the feat of the dukes, with a bifhop’s fee, whofe bifhop is a prince of the 'empire. It is full of gentry, and in it there are very hand- ' feme ftruclures, particularly fix monafteJj rses. The town-houfc is magnificent, in the hall of which the general diet of tha empire has confiantty met/ ever fince 1662, with only two interruptions; in 1715, when it was transferred for fomc t me to Augfburg, on account of the plague; and in 1742, for a few years to Frankfort. It is an important ftaple for fait, and large quantities of corn, wood,- provifions, See. are (hipped for Vienna. It is feated on the Danube, over which is a ftonc bridge of 15 arches. The ini habitants, in general, are Protefiants, as all the magiftrates muft he. It is 56 miles NNE. of Munich. Lat. 48. 56. N- Ion. 11. 47. E. Rat ley. near Buckingham. Ratleyl Warwickshire, near Edgehill. Railing-', Court, Kent, near Nonington. Ratling- hope, Shropf. near AlAretton. Ratoath, in Meath, Leinfter. t Ratolfzel, a town of Auftrian Sua- : bia, feated near the W. end of the Lake' of ConAance. Ratsey, Yorkf. E. Riding, near Watton. Ratten, Suifex, in VVjllingdon pariAi. ^ Rattenberg, a town in the Tirol. Ratlendon, Efiex, near Billerieav. Rat-; ten-Row, Northumberland, NW. of Cor-j fenfide, near Smallburn. Ratten RowJ Cumberland, in Caldbeck parifli. Rat- tlesden, SuAoik, 4 miles W. of Stow-' Market. Ratzeburg, a town of Lower Saxo- ny, feated on an iAand, in the midAofa lake, about ■ 0 miles in circumference ; the banks of which arc abrupt, and plea- fantly feathered with wood. The town ■belongs partly to the duchy of Mecklen- burg Strclitz, and partly to that of Saxe Laweuburgh. The principality of Ratztf- burg extends about ten miles each wav, between Mecklenburg and Sjxe Lawen- burg, and is fubjedt to Mecklenburg Stre- litz. Ratzeburg is 20 miles. S. of Lubec. Ratzia. See Eascia. Hava, or Raw a, a town and palati- nate of Poland. The caftle is appropri- ated for the reception of flatc prifoners. The houfes are built of wood, and the town is feated in a morals, proceeding from the river Ravn, by which it is fur- rounded. It is- 55 miles SSW. ofVvadaw. R A V I? aucoux, a village of Liege, i R underside- Hill, Cumberland, on the Pe trel. N. of Penrith. Ravello, a fea-port of Principato Citro. Ravendale, Lincolnf. between Thong- rafter and Saltfieet Haven. Ravenglass, a well-built town in Cumberland, with a good harbour for fhipping. It is feated between the rivers Irtand Elk, (which, with the fea, encom- pafs three parts of it). The principal trade is fififing. It is 24 miles S. of Cock- ermouth, and 284 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Ravenna, an ancient and celebrated i city of Romagna, - in the pope’s territory, with two academics, feveral churches and colleges, and 24 convents. It was for- merly a city of great fplendour, and very confiderable, but it is now comparatively mean, having iuffered greatly fince the times of the Romans and Goths (when it frood on the Adriatic, and had a cele- brated harbour,) by the fea, withdrawing from it, at leaf!, 3 miles ; the houfes are mofcly old and ruinous, and all parts have a melancholy appearance. It Hill, however, contains about 14,000 inhabit- ants, and is moll remarkable, now, for the excellent wine produced in its neigh- bourhood. Theodoric, king of the I Goths, refided here, as did, "afterwards, I the exarchs of the Greek emperors. In i the fixth century, when there were three i popes at the fame time, one lived at Ra- i venna. The maufoleum of Theodoric i is ftill to be feen here ; it is remarkable 1 for being covered by a fmgle Hone, 28 t feet in diameter, and 15 thick. This city is feated on the river Montone, 37 miles SE. of Ferrara, and 162 N. of 'Rome. Rabcnpike- Hill, Lancaflr.re, NW. of Bolton. Ravensberg, acounty of Germany, in Weftphaiia, S. of the diftricls of Minden and Ofnaburg, N. of Paderborn, and E. of Munfter. The foil is fandy, in forrie parts, but, in others, produces corn, flax, and hemp. It takes its name from an ancient caflle and town, 15 miles SSE. of Oinaburg, and had formerly counts of its own. It is, at prefent, fubjedt to the king of Pruflia, and is dependant on the regency of Minden. -- Ravensburg, a free and imperial town of Germany, in the circle of Sua- b:a. It is well built, and the public firudhires are handfome. The inhabit- ants are partly Proteflants, and partly Remunifts, the magiftracy being (hared R A Y between them. It is feated on the river Chcufs, 15 miles b\V. of Lindaw. Ravensburn, a river in Kent, which runs into the Thames, between Deptford and Greenwich. Ravenscrojl, Chdhire, NE. of Kinderton. Ravensdale, irt Louth, Leinfter. Ravensden , NE. of Bedford.. Ravens - Jield, Yorkf. NE. of Rotherham. Ra- vensthorp, Northamptonf. near Davon- try. Ravensworth-Castle, Durham, S. of Newcaftle- upon - Tyne. Ravensworth- Castle , Yorklhire, NW. of Richmond. RaventoJi, Lancathire, between Wigan and Blackburn. Rtivenwiclc , fee lien- wick. Raveston, or lianas ton, Bucking- hamfhire, near Oulney. Maughton, Cumb. in Dalfton parilh, near Rofe Caftle. Ravill- If aler, a river in Antrim, Li- fter. Ravilly , in Carlow, Leinfter. Ravingham, Norfolk, W. of Hadfcov Ravingstondale, Weftmorland, W. of Pendragon-Caftle, near Orton. Rauniur , Suliex, N. of Chichefter. Raunds, Northamp. S. of Thrapfton. Raunston , Derbyftfire, SE. of Aihby-de-la-Zouch. Raven stein, a town of Brabant, capital of a county of the fame name, which includes 14 towns and villages. It is fituated on the S. fide of the Meule, 5 miles W NW. of Grave. Alfo a town of Erzgeburg, and a town of Further Pouerania, both in Upper Saxony. Rauvee, (fuppofed to, he the Hydras- tes of Alexander) a river of Hindooftan Proper, which rifes pn the borders of Thibet, and falls into the Indus, after having received the united waters of the Chelum and the Chunaub, in the country of Lahone, about 28 miles NE. of Moultan. Raw, Durham, on the coaft, near Hartlepool. Rawclijj, Yorkf. W . Ridijng, S. of Galtres Foreft. Rawclijj', Upper and Lower, Lancafh, on the river Wy re, near Garftang. Rawden, Yorkf. on the Are, NW . of Leeds. Rare marsh, Yorkf. NE. of Rotherham, near the river Dun. Rawreth, Ellex, near Wickford, SE. of Billcricay. Rawston , Derby Afire, SW. of Alhborn. Rawston, Dorfetfhire, near Pimpern. Rawthwate, Cumberland, S. of Icrby. Ray, in Donegal, Lifter. llaydon , Hampfhire, in the New Foreft. Rayesley , Shropflfir®, near Bridgenorth F’orcft. Rayleigh, or Raleigh, a town in Ef- fex, confiftingchieflyofonebroadliandfome ftreet. It is fituated upon the creek called Hadley- Bay, which parts it from Canvey- Ifiand, 13 miles SE. of Chelmsford, and 3 1 NNE; REA $4 NNE. of London. Market on Sa- turday. Rai/nc, Parva, F.fiex, near Braintree. Pay Sava, Etfex, near Dengy Marfh. Raxjton, Nottingham!. N. cl' Workfop. Pea, a river in Wcrcefterf. and StafFordf. r.inning into the Tame, near Yarnton- Hall, 3 miles NE. of Birmingham. Rea, Cornwall, near Truro. Pea, Gloncefterf. a hamlet to Hempftead. Head, Lancaf. near Whaley. ‘ *Reading, an ancient, large, well- built, and confiderable town in Berkshire, containing 3 parfih churches, and about 8300 inhabitants. It has been lately new- paved and lighted, and greatly improved by a county infirmary, and other new buildings. It had formerly a moll mag- nificent abbey of Hint-Hone, founded by Henry I. the gate-houfe of which is ftill pretty entire ; but a new county jail has been lately erecled on the fpot where it flood. The lalf abbot was ( hanged, drawn, and quartered, with two of his monks, for refilling to fur render it. Its chief trade, of late years, is in malt, and in the conveyance of meal, timber, ike. to London, and they bring back cdals, fait, tobacco, iron, grocery ware, oils, ike. by means of the Thames. Some of their barges carry 1000 or 1200 quarters of malt at a time. Here are alfo fome ma- n u failures of backing, fail- cloths, blan- kets, ribbons, and pins. The Lent Af- Hzes and Epiphany Sellions are held here. Reading is pleafantly feated on the river Kennet, near its confluence with the i hames, 30 miles Si by \Y . of London. A very large market on Saturday for corn, and a market for cattle on Monday morn- ing. Fairs February 2, May 1, July 2b, and September 21. Reads dale, Northumberland, a trail on the S. and E. tides of the river Read, which falls 70 feet from the mountain Read Squire, ' into this valley, and runs into the N. Tyne at Readfyvortb. It is but thinly inhabited, having beep for- merly fubjeil to frequent robberies from the bogtrotters. Realmont, a town in the dept, of Tarn, 10 miles N. of Calf res. Realejo, a pretty large town of Ni- cicaragua, in Mexico, fituated on a bay of the Pacific Ocean, at the mouth of a deep capacious river of the fame name, with a i'afe commodious harbour, and fine dock-yards, 18 mules NW. .of Leon. Realville, a town in the dept, of the Lot, 10 miles S. of Cahors. ^ Rea mur, a town in the dept, of La Vendee. RED Pcaresby, Lei ceftcrf. neat the Wrcqke, V. . of Melton Mowbray. Recsby, Lin- colnfhire, SW. of Bolingbroke. Reasby- Hall , NE. of Lincoln. Rebais, a town in the dept, of the Seine and Marne. Rebel, a town of Mecklenburg. Rebnjck, a town of Walachia, feated on the river Alula. Reccan. See Aracan. Reccanati, a town of Ancona," where a great fair is held in September,' every year, which continues fifteen days. ' ' l'he tomb of Pope Gregory VI 1. is in the cathedral. It is feated on a mountain, 3 m IcsW. of Loretto. ^ Reche, Cambridgefhire, 10 miles froln Cambridge. Near this place begins the famous llech Dyke, or Devil's Dyke , which runs through Newmarket Heath. R'ecliff , Cornw. between Plymouth and Low. Rechenburg, atown of Erzgeburg, Upper Saxony. Rec i court, a town in the dept, of ” the Meufe. Reckheim, or Rakum, a town and • county of Wefiphalia, 7 mil 6s N. of Maeflricht. The territory, which is fitu- *, ated on the W. fide of the Meufe, is \ furrounded by the bifhoprick of Lieg'e. Recklinhausen, a town and county of Germany, in the circle of Lower Illiien, 26 miles SSW. of Munfter. Recreation Island, in the S. Pa- , cific Ocean, difeovered by Roggewin, in ■ the year 1712. '1 he foil is elevated and ( fertile. Lat. 16. S. Ion. 130. 30. W. i Reculver, a village of Kent, the < Regulbium of the Romans, and the feat ' of Ethelhert and his fuccelTors, king* of . Kent, It is chiefly noted for its church,; , which has two pyramidal fpires, that ierve. for a Jea-mark, and are called by mariners, ihe Two Sisters. In 1330, the village and church were a quarter of a mile from the fca, although the fea has now incroached fo much on the town, that there are but few houfes left. It is ‘ fituated at the mouth of the river Gen- lad, where it joins the fea, or Thames mouth, 12 miles W. of Margate, and 63 E. by S. of London. Ile.dbaims, Northumb. near Newcaftle. Redbank, Chefhire, the E. hank of the Dee. Redbridge , Hants, in Milbrook * parifh, on Southampton Bay, at the mouth of Lhe Toll or Tefe. I'he chief trade is ihip-building. Redburn, Ilert- fordfhire, 6 miles NYV. of Sf. Alban’s, Redburn, Lincolnfhire, by Kirton, in Lindfev ? Red- 0% RED Red-Cross , in Wicklow, Leinfter. Red- Deer- Parky Lincoln (hire, near the Bithams and Withams. Reddich, Chefhire, 2 miles from Stockport. Reddich , \\ or- cefterlhire, near Brofllnfgrove, with a con- liderable manufactory ot needles, wherein upwards of 2(100 perfons are employed. Reddingtoriy Somerfetfhire, W. ofWivels- ; comb. Bedford, Devonlhire, E. of Ply- | mo nth- Haven. , Bedford, East. See Retford. • Red gate, Rutland, near Uppingham. Redgate, in Clare, Matter. Redgrave, Suffolk, NE. of Buddefdalc. Redgwell, Effex, SW. of Clare. Redg- welisy Herts, W. of the Pelhams. Red- Hall, Yorkf. NE. of Leeds. Red-Hall , Yorkfhi*e, near Yarum. Redham, Nor- folk, on the Yare, 3 miles from Yarmouth. Redhead, a promontory of Anguf- fhire, S. of Montrofe. On it are the ruins of an ancient cattle, almott furrounded by the fea. • Red-Hill, in Cavan, Litter. Red- Hilly Rent, near Romney-Marfn. Red- Her se- Pale, Warwick!. a fruitful, pleafant tract, S. of the Avon, and L. ot Edghill . It is fo called from the figure of a horfe, cut on the fide of a hill. Vicar Tyfoe, out of red-coloured earth 5 the trenches that form it are cleanfed and kept open by a neighbouring freeholder, who enjoys lands by that fervicc. D.ed- hvute, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Hampall Priory. Red- houses, NY . ot Y ork, on the Oufc. Redhupi, Durham, cn_ the Tyne, near Newcaftle. Reding, Kent, near Appledore. Redings, Chefhire, N. of Altrincham. Redish, Lancaf. N. of Stopford. Redker, Y orkf. in Cleveland, E. of the Tees-Mouth. Rcdland, Glou- cefterfhire, near Briftol, in the parifh of Weft bury- npon-'Frin . Redlands, or Knack- er's- Hole, Dorfetfhire, N. of Melcomb-* Regis. Redtane, Dorfetfhire, half a mile SW. of Todbere. RedUnch, So- mejfetChife, 2 miles from Bruton. Red- ling field, Suffolk, near Eye. Redlington, Norfolk, between North- Walflaam and the fea. Red-Lion, in Kildare, Leinfter. 7 Redmain , Cumberland, 2 miles NE. of Cockermouth, on the oppottte fide of the Derwent. Redman , Hants, NW. of Weykill. Redmarshall, Durham, W. of Stockton. Red/flile, Leicettcrf. N. of Bel voir- Cattle. Redmore- Plain, Leicef. 3 miles from Market- Bo (worth, thefcenc of the decifive battle between the houfes •of York and Lancatter, where Richard III. was killed. Rednall , Shropffiire, E. of Ofwettry. Rednell, Norfolk, E. of R E G IlarLfton . Redness , Y orkfhirc, W. Rid- ingr in Marfhland, on the S. fide of the river Oufe. Redon, a fmall town in the dept, of Ille and Vilaine. It ferves as a mart for the commerce of Rennes, and is feated on the liver Vilaine, 20 miles E. of Van- nes, and 2 2 b W. by S. of Paris. Redonde la, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, with a noted fifhery for anchovies. It is fituated on the Wi coatt, 15 miles N. of Tuy. 1 REDONDOf'o'g a town of Alentejo. Redondos, a town of Be ira. Red Russia, or Little Russia, a late province of Poland, E. of Little- Poland : it was formerly governed by its own dukes, but on the deceafe of the laft duke, in 1 - 340 , king -Cafimir laid claim to it by right of confanguinity, and rendered it, from thence- forward, a province of Poland, it included the pa- latinates of Clielm, Bel c?., and Ltmburg, and was named Red Rufiia, from the co- lour ef the hair of its inhabitants. See Galicia. Redruth, a town of Cornwall, fitu- ated among extenfive tin-works, 12 miles N. by E. of Helftone, and 262 W. by S. of London. Market difufed. Red- Sea, a fea celebrated in ancient hiftory, which extends in a direction from N. to S. dividing Africa from Arabia. It is feparated from the Mediterranean 011 the N. by the lfthmus of Suez, and com- municates by the Straits of BabelmandeJ, on the S. with the Arabian Sea, and thd Indian Ocean. Redsham , Great and Little, Suffolk, be- tween Hales worth and Beccles. Redstone Passage, Wprceftcrf. over the Severn, near Hartlebury- Cattle. Reds tree/. Stall', near Talk-on- the- Hill, Redway, Itte of Wight, in E. Medina. Redwick , Glou- cefterf. on the Severn, a hamlet to Hen- bury. Redworth, Durham, between Bi- Ihop-Auckland and Darlington. Reed, Suffolk, S. of Bury. Rees, a confiderable town of Clcvcs. Reelh, Yorkf. near Barnard-, Cattle. Regen, a town in the circle of, Bava- ria, fituated on a river of the fame name, which rifes on the borders of Bohemia, and runs into the Danube near Ratifbon. It is 40 miles E. of the latt mentioned city. Regensperg, a handfome town of Zurich, capital of a bailiwick of the fame name, with a ttrong cattle. It is feated on a rock, which is part of Mount Jura, 10 miles NW. of Zurich. Regill, Weftmorland, NE. of Snap, Reggio, a large and populous lea- port town. R E I frown of Calabria Ultra, with fome manu- factures of (lockings, gloves, waificoats of (ilk or thread, Set. It contains two col- leges and 7 convents, and is fituated in a country which produces dates, oranges, fcjtrons, with fome fugar-canes, on the Strait of Medina, 12 miles SSE. of Mef- (ina, and 190 S. by E. of Naples. Reggio, a city of Italy, capital of a duchy of the fame name, included in that of Modena, it was deftroyed by Alarick, and rebuilt by Charlemagne. In the ca- thedral are many capital paintings and fculpturesj and the town contains 16 convents. The inhabitants, who are about 1 8,000, carry on a great trade in dik. It is 15 milesWNW. of Modena. Regina, a town of Calabria Citra. Regmalard, a town in the dept, of the Oroe. Reg ny, a town in the dept, of the Rhone and Loire, 7 miles and a half E. of Ron nne. Reich enau, an ifland in the circle of Suabia, in the Zeller Lake, (a branch of the Lake of Condance) about 3 miles long and 1 broad. It contains about 1600 inhabitants, alt Roman ifts ; 3 pari dies, 1 village, and a celebrated abbey of Bene- dittines, and abounds with vines and other fruit trees. It is 4 miles W.of the city of Condance, and belongs to the bi- fhop of that place. Reich enau, a town in the country of the Grifons, feated upon the conflux of the two blanches which form the Rhine. At this place is a curious wooden bridge of a Angle arch, covered like that of SchafThaufen. and conflruOed upon near- ly the fame plan. The (pan of the arch is 270 feet in length. Reichenau is 7 miles S\V. of Colre. Reichenau, a town in the archduchy of Auflria, a town in theVogtland, Up. ‘ per Saxony, and a town of Chradim, in Bohemia. Reichenback, a river of Swiflerland, winch rifes at the root of Mount Wetter - horn, and falls into the river Aar, near Mevringen. Reich e n bach, a town of Schwcul- nitz, in Sileha, with manufactures of li- rum, canvas, and Indian ; alfo a town of V cldentz, in the circle of Upper Rhine. Reich enb ac h, a town of Voigtland, in Upper Saxony, the inhabitants of w inch are modly clothiers and dealers in cloth who dye a mod beautiful fcarlct. Reichenherg, a town of Bolcflaw, in Bohemia, with aconfiderable manufacture cf cloth :■ alio a town of Stiria, and a towu REM and caflle of Catzenelnhogen, in the cir- cle of Upper Rhine. Reichenfells, a (own and caftle of Reuifen, in Upper Saxony, and a town of Carinthia. Reichenhall, a town of Upper Ba- varia, fituated on the Sala, 9 miles SW. of Saltzburg. It has a very rich fait fpring, the water of which is partly boiled here, and partly conveyed by means of leaden pipes, 'to the diftanceof 12 miles, towards Traunftein, and there boiled and ex-1 ported. Reichenstein, a town in the arch- duchy of Auftria; a town of Wcflphalia, belonging to a branch of the houfe of Salm 5 and a town of Prachalitz, in Bo- hemia. Reishshofen, a town in the dept, of the Lower Rhine, 9 miles N. of Hague- nau. Reif f e n b erg, a town of Hefle-Caffel. Reifferscheid, a town and county of , Germany, in the circle of the Lower* Rhine. Reig nac, a town in the dept, of the ; Gironde, 9 miles NE. of Blaze. Rei llanne, a town in the dept, of the Lower Alps. Rein, a town of Stiria, 9 miles NW. , of Cratz, and another towm of Stiiia, (itu- , ated on the Save, 20 miles SE. of Cilley. Reineck, a town and hurgraviate in the circle of the Lower Rhine between Juliers and Cologna, 14 miles NNW.of Coblentz. .Reinsberg, orRHlNSBERG, a. town ; in the Middle March of Brandenburg. Reitz berg, a town and county of ; W eflphalia, fubjedfr to Pruffia. Rci.sk, in Waterford, Munfter. i 'Icily, near Durham. Relubas, Cornw. i S. of St. Earth. Remington, Northumb. in the barony of Vefey, near Craller. Re Mi RE MO NT, a town in the dept- of the Vofges, feated on the river Mofelle, 14 miles SSE. of Epinal. Remirston , Norfolk, N. of Hingham. Remncham, Berkfhire, near Henly-upon- Phames. Remncy, or Rumney, a river of \\ ales, which rifes upon the borders of Brecknockfhire, and paffing along the E. border of Glamorganfliire, which it lepa- rates from Monmouthlhire, falls into the Severn a little below Cardiff. Renipston , Dorfetf. inPurbecklllc, E. of Corfe. Revi- sion, or Rampeston, S. of Nottingham. Re my, St. a town in the dept, of the Mouths of the Rhone, 10 miles NE. of Ar'es. A triumphal arch here, and a mau- foleum in the neighbourhood, difplay the tafle 1 ft E N ifte of the Auguftan age. The firft is, ot entire ; but the latter is in the beff ate of preservation. Alfo a tqjvn in the lC pt. of Pay de Dome; and a town in the [ept. of the Marne, 6 miles S. ot St. /itry . Rendcomb, CTloucefterf. 6 miles N of Ttrencetter. Rendhavi, Suffolk, near Saxmundham. Rendlesham, Suffolk, on ihe rivet Deven, oppofite Uiford. Rendon- Over , Buckinghamthire, near Aylefbury. Rendsborg, a ftrongly fortified town of Holftein, containing about 3600 inha- bitants. It is fituated on a canal which communicates with the Baltic, 15 miles \V. of Kiel. Renfrew, a town of Scotland, and capital of a fnire of the fame name, with fome inconfiderable manufactures of thread. The magiftracy of it is compofed of a provoft, 2 bailiffs, and 1 6 counfeilors. It contains about 260 families, and isfeat- ed on the S. fide of the river Clyde, 6 miles W. of Glafgow. Renfrewshire, a county of Scot- land, bounded on the W. and N. by the Frith of Clyde, on the E. by Lnnerklhire, and on the S. and SW. by Aynhire. 1 he N. parts towards the Clyde are fertile, with fome gentle uplands j thofe 'to the S. and W. are more barren, mountaino as and moorifh. This country was the pa- ternal inheritance of the Stuarts, before they afeended the throne, and flail gives title of baron to the Prince of W ales. Renhold, 3 miles E. of Bedford. Rennes, an ancient, large, and popu- 1 lous city in the dept, of Ifle and Vrlaine, P and ci-devant capital of Bretagne, con- taining 8 parifh churches hehdes the ca- i thedral and feveral convents. Flic inha- bitants are eftimated at 35,000. Its ftrects, in which are many good houfes, areas, &c. are as ftrait as a line ; but they are in ge- neral narrow and dark. The grand ti' fquare, in which are the Palace of Juflice, and the Hotel- de-Ville, is very elegant. I Jt is feated on the river V ilaine, which $ divides.it into two parts, 58 miles N. of *■ Nantes. Ren , or Rees, a town of Cologne, _ fituated on the Rhine, 5 miles S. of Cob- lentz. Hard by it, in the Rhine, is. to be £ feen the Konigsfak !, or T kronur, Regvlis, * a very curious piece of antiquity, confid- ing of a round vault, built of free ftone, and refting upon 9 ftone pillars, one of which Hands in the middle, This vault, which is 80 feet in circumference, is fur- niflied above with feven feats. 'Fheafcent to it is by ftairs of Hone, confiding of 28 Heps, and it has two ffoui doors. Here RET the electors formerly held their confulta- tions, concerning the election of a king and emperor, previous to the eleclion day at Frankfort, and the eleclion itfelf was fometimes performed at this place. Henry VII. was elected here, in the year 1308, and in 1388, the Ele61oral league was eftablifhed here. Maximilian I. was the laft emperor that was brought hither. Re ntt, a town in the dept, of the ftraits of Calais, feated on the river Aa, 9 miles SSW. of St. Omer. Renton, NE, of Durham. Reniescombe, Dorfetf. in Purbeck Ifle, a mile W. of Worth. , Renudck, Cumber!. on the river Raven, near Croglin and Ouiby. Reolle, a town in the dept, of Gi- ronde, feated on the river Garonne, 2-5 miles SE. of Bourdeaux. Reorthe, La, a town in the dept, of La Vendee. Repeh am, a town of Norfolk, trading largely in malt. It is feated on the river Evne, over which it has a ford, 10 miles NW. of Norwich, and 109 NE. ©1 Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Repkctm, NE. of Lincoln. Rcppis, Norfolk, near Ludham. Reppis, A . and S. Norfolk, SE. of Cromer. Rcprin , Cornwall, NE. of Leftwithiel. Repton , Derbyfhire, NE. of Burton, near the con- fluence of the Dove and r l rent. It had a priory, and was anciently a large town where feveral of the Mercian kings were buried. Reouena, town of New Caflile. Rescase , Cornw. SE. of Tregony. Re sun, a populous and commercial city of Pqrfra, capital of Ghilan. con- taining about 2000-houies, but difperfed .without regularity. It is fituated on a river on or near the SW . coafl of the Caf- pian Sea. in lat. 37. 30. N- Ion. 50. E. Resirigham, Northumberland, near the confluence of the Read and the Tyne. It has many inferiptions, and other remains of antiquity, copied by S.r Robert Cotton ind Warburton, and to be feen in Cam- den’s hiftory, from feme of which it ap- pears that its pagan inhabitants worlhip- ped a god called Mogon. Rcnci/inev 9 Cornw. SE. of Hellion. Resolution Island, one of the So- ciety Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Lat. 17. 24. S. Ion. 141. 15. W. Reston, A~. and S. Line. SE. of Lowth. * Retford, or Bedford, Last, a pretty, large, well built town of Notting- hamfnirc, on the great North road, and en the E. fide of. the river Idle, over which there is a bridge to Welt-Retford. The principal trade is in lvops and malt. The R E IT The canal from the Trent to ChdTeffield, paiTes near this place. It is 30 miles N. of Nottingham, and 144 N. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Red- ford, West, communicates with E. Red- ford, by a Tone bridge over the Idle. Rethel, a town in the depart, of the Ardennes, formerly capital of a fmall dif- tridt, called the Rethelois. It is 20 miles NE. of Rheims, and 108 NNE. of Paris. Retimo, a town of the illand of Can- din, with a bifhop’s fee, a citadel, and a harbour, fcarcely deep enough at prefent for fmall craft, though fhips of war were once laid up here. All along the fhore there is a rich and beautiful view of gardens, whofe- fruits are well tailed. The filk, wool, honey, wax, laudilnam, and oil, f roduced here, are preferred to all others, t is feated on the N. coaft of the illand, 40 miles W. of Candia. Retusari, a fmall illand in the gulph of Finland, on which the town of Croii- ftadt Hands. Retz, a town in the Upper Palatinate of Bavaria. Revel, a town in the dept. ofUpper- Garonne, 21 miles NW. of Carcalfone. Revel, an opulent and well- fortified cityofRuftia, capital of the government of Revellkoi, formerly one of the Hans Towns. The harbour is fpacious and convenient, and a part of the Ruff an fleet is ufually Rationed in it. The houfes' are well built, moftly of brick, and the •citizens have very pleafant gardens with- out the walls. There is a college here with four profeflors. It is a place of con- iiderable trade, and there are two great fairs every yerir, in May and September, much' frequented by Englifh and Dutch merchants. It is feated on the Gulf of Finland, partly on a mountain, 144 miles N. of Riga, and 164 WSW. of Peters- burg. Lat. 59. 20. N. Ion. 23. 57. E. Revel lo, a town of Saluzzo, in Pi- edmont, fituaied near the Po, on the top of a very high mountain, forjtified both •by art and nature. Revely, .Northumberland, SVV. of IJeb- born, Revely, Great and Little , II un- tingdonlbire, near Upwood. Revel's Hall y Herts, near Ware- Park. Revel- stoke , Devonfhire, near Plympton. Re- very Kent, 2 miles and a half NW. of Dover. Revero, a town of Mantua. Reunu'icky Cumberland, near Kirk-Of- wald. Reus am, Northumberland, in the manor of Seaton- Del aval Reuss, a river of Swifferland, which fifes from a lake of Mount St. Gothard, 4 EHE and eroding the canton of Uri, flows through the lake of the cantons to Lu- cerne, and afterwards falls into the Rhine, 2 miles N. of Killingnan, in the county of Baden. Reussen, a princely county in the Vogtland, Upper Saxony, divided among feveral branches of the houfe bf Reuben. Reutlingen, a free, imperial town of Wirt ember g, in Suabia, It is adorned with one parochial church, an hofpital, a grammar- fchool and an orphan- houfe. Both the magi ft rates and burgeftes are ' Lutherans. It is feated on a fmall river which runs, into the Neckar, 32 miles* NNW. ofUlm. Rea’, Dorfetfhire, near Buckland- Ab- bas. Rewe, Devonf..SW. of Bradninch, * Rezciey, in the fuburbs -of Oxford. Rey, a river in Wilts, which runs into the Thames, at Cricklade. Rey, Northumb. near Catchafide. Rey, a town of Irac-Agemi, in Per fla, under the Macedonian kings called Europus, and afterwards Arsacia, about- • 129 miles E. of Amadan. It contained, at one time, under the caliphs of Baby- , Ion, 100,000 houfes, and a great number ' of mofques, colleges, and other magni- ficent buildings j but it is now moftly in 1 ruins. Reygny, a town in the, department of the Rhone and Loire, 7 miles E. of Roanne. Rey Pa, a town of Andalufta. Reynel. a town in the dept, of the ). Upper Marne, 13 miles and a halfNE, of i Chaumont. Rezan, ,cr Riaz an, a government of * Ruffia, bounded on the N. by the go- vernment of Vladimirfkoi ; it was for- merly a province of the government of ; Mofcow. The country is populous and fertile in corn, and had formerly its own princes. Rezan is the capital. Rhayadergowy, a town of Radnor- fhire, feated in a hilly country, on the river Wye, 18 miles NW. of Radnor, and 177. WNW. of London. Market on Wednefday; Rhaytylarjard, Carnarvonfhire. Rhe, a very populous illand on the W. coaft of France, comprifed in the dept, of La Vendee, from the coal! of which, and that of Lower Charentc, it is feparated by the Straits of Breton, about 7 miles wide. It is about 16 miles in length and three in breadth, Its produces are very bitter wine, and abundance of lalt. The inhabitants make excellent brandy, and the liquor called anisette. Their principal food is fi/h and* If R II I fticll-fifti are plentiful on the cor, ft. The principal town is St. Martin de Rhe. P Rheims, a large, ancient, and cele- i btated city, in the dept, of the Marne, containing about 30,000 inhabitants. ; Before the revolution, it was the Ice of an archbishop, who was the firlt dukeand I peer of France, and always crowned the king. The principal church, built be- : fore the year 406, is a very curious Go- | thic ftruclure. In the church of St. : Remy, (under the altar of which the :: corpfe of St'. Remifius is preferved in a ij magnificent (hrine,) was lately kept, La Sainte Ampoule , a vial filled with a red, congealed lionor, always ufeci m the co- ronation of the kings oi k ranee, who, fince Clovis, have been iuccefinvely crowned at Rheims. The remains of an amphitheatre, a cattle, a triumphal arch, and -3 gates of the city, which, to this day, bear the names of Pagan Deities, viz. the Sun, Mars, and Ceres, are among the remarkable monuments • of the Ro- mans, ftill preferved here. Rheims is a long, narrow city, -with low h calcs, but the grand fquare is very magnificent. Here are confiderable manufactures of flannel, coverlets, and other woollen and filk fluffs : and their wine and ginger- bread are excellent. It is feated in a plain, furrounded by bills, on the river Y 7 efle, 75 miles ENE. of Paris. Rhein, a town of Pruffia, 60 miles SE. of Koningfbcrg. Rhe i nt hal, a valley in Swifl’crland, between the canton of Appenzel, and the territory of St. Gall on the one fide, and the Rhine on the other j about 30 miles in length, and from 3 to 3 in breadth. 3t 1 is fertile, and produces excellent wine. -The inhabitants, Yvlio are about 13,000 are partly Proteftants and partly Roman-, ills, and are governed bv a bailiff who is i appointed, alternately, by the cantons of “Zurich, LuCern, Schweitz, Glarus, Uri, Lnterwalden, Zug, and Berne. Rheinwald, a valley in the country of the Grifons, about 20 miles in length. It is l'o called from the llyndcr Rhine, , which riles on Mount Vogcilberg, and runs through the valley. Rhenen, a town of Utrecht, fituated on the river Leek, 20 miles NNE. oflioiS LeDuc. Rhine, a great river of Europe, which .Tifes in three flreams, in the Grifon Alps, which unite into one. The prin- cipal branch tjefeends from the mountain of St. Gpthard, and paffes through the lakes of Conflance and Zell. Alter it fyts eroded part of Germany and the R II i Netherlands, watering Bafil, Huninguen, Strafburg, Worms, Mentz, Coblentz, Bonne, Cologne, Dufleldorp, Rees, Em- merick, &c. it divides itfelf into two- branches, one of which preferves the name of the Rhine, and lofes itfelf in the lands W. of Leyden,. 'Flic other takes the name of the Lech, or Leek, and • fails into the Mervve, 5 miles N\V. of Dordrecht. Rhine, Lower, a circle of the em- pire of Germany, bounded by the circles of Weflphalia, Upper Rhine, I rancorba, Suabia, and by the duchy of Luxemburg, and France. It contains the electorates of Mentz, Treves, and Cologne, the pa- latinate of the Rhine, and fome 'fmalJer flutes'. 'i he elector of Mentz is the di- rector. Rhine, Lower, a dept, of France, having the Rhine to the E. and forming the not them part of the ci-devant Aliace. Strafburgais he capital. Rhine, l p ? er, a dept, of France, ■ S. of the dept, of the Lower Rhine. Colmar is the capital. Rhine, Upper, a circle of the empire’ of Germany, divided into two parts, the Upper and Lower. The lower part com- prehends the territories of the landgraves of Belie- Caiigl, Belle- Darmftadt, and f iefle-Rhinfeldt j the counties of Nafiau, Solrns, Han.au, I fen burg, Seine, Wied, Wingettein, Aatzfeld, 'and Waldcck, with the abbevs of Fulda anfl Hirl'chfeld, and the imperial towns of Francfort, Fridburg, and Wctzbr. The upper part of the circle of the Upper Rhine, lies to the W. of that river, and compre- hends the hilhoprivs of Bade, Stralburg, Spire, and Worms, with the duchy of Deux-ponis ; the counties of Sponheim, Sarbruck, Falkcnflein, and Linange, and the imperial towns of W onus and Spire* • The fummoning princes arc the bifhop of Worms and the elector palatine, Rhine, Palatinate' of the. Sue Palatinate. RhiNEEERO, a town of Cologne, fi- tuated on the Rhine, 44 miles N NW.. at Cologne. It was taken. by the alms in 1 7 03, and afterwards diimantled. Rni neb ruck-, a town of 'Treves, fitu- ated on ahe-Rhine. Rhineck, a town of Swiflerland, ca* pital of the Rhcinthal, Dated on the Rhine, near its junction with the Lake of Conflance, Rhinfeldt, or Rheinpelden, a fmall, but flreng town of Auftrian Sua- bia, the befl of the four forefl towns. «'$ is feated on the S. fide of tfle Rhine, S jj ' QY. Y R H O over which it has a h&ndfome bridge, 9 miles SSE. of Bade. Rhinfals, a town, fortrefs, and eounty of Catzenelnbogen, in the circle of Upper Rhine, near St. Goar, aVd 15 miles S. of Coblentz. It is built on a craggy rock, and commands the whole breadth of the Rhine. Veffels that pafs here are obliged to pay a conftderable toll. Rhinland, a diftritSl of S. Holland, which l : es on both Tides the Rhine. Ley- den is the capital. Rhinthal. See Rheinthal. Rhin Zabern, orSAVERNE, a town of Spire, in the circle of Upper Rhine. Rhode Island, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the N. and E. by Maflachufets, on the S. by the Atlantic, and 6n the W. bv Connec- ticut. Tbefe limits comprehend what has generally been called Rhode Illand and Providence Plantations. It is divided into 5 counties, which contain 29 town- flffps. It is as healthful as any part of N. America, but is principally a country Tor pafture, and not for grain, the farmers here, railing great numbers of the fineft and largeft neat cattle in America. They alfo export large quantities of excellent butter and cheefe. In the rivers and bays are plenty of cod, halibut, mackarel, and other Tifh, to the amount of more than 70 different kinds. Providence and Newport are the two chief towns. About 600 veffels enter and clear annually, at the different ports of this ftate. Rhode Island,- an illand of N. Ame- rica, in the ftate of the Tame name. It is about IS miles long from N. to S. and 4 miles wide, and is divided into three townlhips, Newport, Portfmouth, and Middleton. The Toil is of a fuperior quality. This illand is a noted refort of invalids from thefouthern climates. It is exceedingly pleafant and healthful, and celebrated for its fine 'women. To that travellers have .called it, with propriety, the Eden of America. Rhodes, an illand of Afia, on the S. ilde of Natolia, and in the 'Mediterra- nean Sea, about 40 miles in length, and 15 in breadth. The air is good, and the foil is extremely fertile in excellent corn, from the numerous fprings which water it, although it is, initfelf, dry and fandy, but badly cultivated. It is famous for having been the reftdence of the knights of Jerufalem till the year 1523, when the 'lurks got polfeffion of it. The principal town is of the fame name, and is an archbifhop’s fee ; it has a good harbour, with a narrow entrance between R I A two rocks, on which are two towers. Here, in all probability, flood the fa- mous Coloffus, a ftatue of bronze, 70 cubits high. It v/as -reckoned one of the. feven wonders of the old world, for a fhip, with ail its fails, might pafs between the legs. It was thrown down by an earthquake, 56 years after it was firft ereefed j and when the Saracen s became mafters of this illand in the year 665, near 900 years after its fall, they knocked it iq pieces, with which they loaded 900 ca- mels. The knights ©f Jerufalem took it from the Saracens in the year 1309, and kept it till it was taken from them by the Turks. It is inhabited by Turks and Jews, for the Greeks and other Chriftians, are obliged to live in the fub- urbs. The number of inhabitants, in the whole illand, is efti mated at about 36,500. Lat. 36. 24. N. Ion. 28. 25. E. Rhodes , Lancalhire, NW. of Man- chefter. Rhodley , Northumberland, near Morpeth. Rhone, a large river of France, which rifes ill the Alps, at the eaftern extremity of the Valais, flows through the lake ' and city of Geneva, and feparating the departments of Mont-Blanc and I fere ! from that of Ain, it flows to Lyons, Vi- enne, Valence, Avignon, and Arles, he- • low which it empties itfelf into the Me- diterranean by feveval mouths. Rhone and Loire, a department of Franee, bounded on the E. by the river ! Rhone, and on the W. by the depart- , ments of the Puy de Dome and the Al- I lier. It is compcfed of the ci-devant •; Lyonnois, Forez, and Bcaujolois. Lyons is the capital. Rhone, Mouths of the, a dept, of France, E. of the dept, of Card, from* ' which it is feparated by the river Rhone, and on the N- by the Venaiflin. It is formed of the Weftern part of Provence. Aix is the capital. Rhos Fair, Cardiganlhire. Rhynds, orRiNNs, of Galloway, the weftern divifion of Wigtonftiire, in Scotland, almoft entirely cut off from the remainder of the county, by Loch Ryan and Glenluce-Bay. Rhyney. See Remney. Rialexa, or Realejo, a town of Mexico, in Nicaragua, feated on a bay of the South Sea, at the mouth of a fmall river of the fame name, 18 miles NW. of Leon. Here is a good harbour $ but the air is very unwholefome, on account of : the moralfes. Riall , Northumb. SW. of Kirkhcaton. Riallf Vorklhirej SE. of Ilead on. * Riazan. * II I c R I C Riazan. SccRezan. Ribadavia, a town of Spain, inGa- I licia, fcated at the confluence of the rivers Minho and Avia, in a territory that pro- i! duces the befi wine in Spain, 23 miles NE. of Tuy. RiBADEO, a town of Spain, in Ga- licia, with a fine harbour, defended by two caflles. It is fituated near the mouth of the river Eo, 15 miles NE. of Mon- don edo. Ribagnac, a town in the dept, of the Dordonne, Ribauviller, a town in the dept, of the Upper Rhine, 7 miles and a half N. ©f Colmar. Ribbesford , Worcefterf. a mile S. of Bewdley. Ribble, a river which rifes in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, runs acrofs Lanca- fbire, and falls into the lrifh Sea, a few miles below Prefton. Ribby Cumaray , Lancaf. in Kirham parifh, Amoundernefs. Ribchesier , Lane, cn the Ribble, NE. of Prefton; it was once a very confiderable town of the Danes and Saxons, as well as Ration of the Romans. Ribeira Grande, or St. Jago, a toy/ii in St. Jago, the principal of the Cdpe-de-Verd Iilands, with a good har- bour : it is fituated between 2 high moun- tains, on the only river in the ifland, which runs only about a league in its whole courfe. It is the fee of a bifhop, and refidence of the governor; and con- tains a cathedral, two convents, and be- tween 4 and 500 houfes. The latter, except the governor’s, are only of one Rory, and are covered with branches and leaves of the cocoa-nut trees. Lat. 15. 0. * N. Ion. 23. 24. W. Ribleton , Lancafhire, near PreRon. Ribemont, a town in the department • of Aifne, feated upon an eminence, near the river Oife, 7 miles SE. of St. Quentin. Ribnitz, a town of Mecklenburg. Riborough, Great and Little, Norfolk, on the river Winfdcr, SE. of Fakenham. Ribston-Hill, Yorkf. E. of Knarefborough. Ribton , Cumb. 4 miles W. of Cocker- mouth, and 4 E. of Workington, on the oppofite bank of the Derwent. Riby, Lincolnf. near the Limberghs. Richul, Y orkf. near Selby. Richborougli , Kent, near Sandwich, Richardstown, in Kildare, LeinRer. Richland, a county of S. Carolina. Richelieu, a town in the depart, of Indre and Loire, founded by Cardinal Jiichelieu in 1637. 'I'he Rrects are as Rrait as a line, and it contains a handfome fquare, with an elegant palace and exten- Rve park. It is feated on the rivers Ama- ble and Vide, 9 miles E. of Loudun, and 152 SW. of Paris. Rich- Hill, in Armagh, UlRcr. Richell, Efl'ex, NW. of Hatfield-Regis. Richenveir, a town in the dept, of the Upper Rhine, 6 miles NNW. of Col- mar. Richmond, a populous village in Surry, anciently called Sheen, but Henry VII. gave it the name of Richmond, from that difiridl in Y r orkfhire,' whereof he had been earl. Here was a palace the favourite re- fidence of Queen Elizabeth, and in which fhe clofed her illuftrious career ; it is Rill diRinguifhed by its beautiful royal gar- dens, which, in the fummer feafon, are open to the public ; and in thefe is a no- ble obfervatory, built by the late Sir W. Chambers in 1769. In this, among other fine infiruments, are particularly to he noticed a mural arch of 140 degrees and 8 feet radius ; a zenith fedlor of 12 feet; a tranRt inflrument of 8 feet, and a 10 feet reflector by Herfchcl. The prefent palace, which is finely fituated, is a very plain edifice, built by the Duke of Or- mond, who had obtained a grant of fomc ' lands about Richmond from King Wil- liam III. ; but on that duke’s attainder, it devolved to the crown. An elegant Rone bridge, of 5 femicircular arches, was erected over the Thames here, in 1777. Near this village alfo is an extenfive royal park. It is 9 miles WSW. of London. Richmond* Hill, its fummit is a mod delightful fpot, commanding a truly beau- tiful, luxuriant, and diverfified profpeH, (defervedly celebrated by the fweet poet, “ who fang the feafons and their change,” by Dr. Smollett, and by other writers of genius, “ fenflbly alive to the beauties of nature”) of the “ Enchanting vale of Thames,” with the royal palaces, magnificent feats, glittering towns, charming pleafure- grounds, hills, groves, fwelling lawns, meadows, pafiure grounds, corn-fields, See. See. on its banks. The landfcape from this favourite fituation, exhibits a pidlure of the mofi elegant fimplicity, nature de- corated with the greatefi neatnefs, the mofi exquifite embcllilhments of rural feenery; in fhort, an elyfium, charming the eye, with undefcribable variety. It takes in a view, more orlefs diRant of the city of London, ofWindfor Caftle, Hamp- ton-Court, Petcrfham, Ether, Iiam, Har- row, Highgate, Hampfiead, with other parts of Middkfex and Surry. Ss2 'Richmond, It I c * Richmond, a large town in the N'. Hiding of Yorklhire, containing many handfome bodies, built of free- done, with a flounihing manufactory of yarn {lock- ings, and of woollen knit caps for lea- men. It is plcafantly feated on the river Swale, over which it has a ftsnc bridge, 40 miles NW. of York, and 230 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Richmond, a town of N. America, capital of the ftate of Virginia. It has an elegant ftatc-houfe, and Hands on the N. fide of James Riv r, at, the foot of fome falls, which are feven miles in length ; to obviate, the inconvenience of which,, a canal has been lately under- taken. It is §0 miles N. by W. of Wil- liamlburg. Richmond, a town of Rhode liland, and of Staten ifland, Nc\v-Y'ork ; alfo a town of the ifland of St. Vincent, in the Weft- Indies,, and a county in the refpec- nve States of S. Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia. Richmondshirh, a diftricl in the N. Riding of Yorkflnire, included in the du- chy of Lancafter. It was formerly a county of itfelf, and contains many towns and villages. Alan, one of William the Conqueror’s generals, was rewarded with this Yarldom, vincluding all the NW. part of Yorkfhire, towards Lancafhire. lie built a large caftle here, the tower where- of yet {lands. It abounds in romantic fituations, and is noted for the neatnefs and indullry of the inhabitants, who ma- nufacture knit {lockings and other coarfc goods. Many lead mines are wrought in this diftritl, of which Richmond is the ca- pital town. Richmondton,lA\-)f. ncarBofton. Richa, Monm. on the Ebwith, W. of Caerleon. Biekardscot , Staff. W. of the Penk, by Coppinhall. R i. deer by, Cumb. near Car- lifle. Rideinghall, Upper ami Lower, Suf- folk, near Jotrtefdale. Rick/emarsh, Kent, by Klackheath. Rickling, Effex, N. of Quendon. Rickmansvvorth, a town of Hert- fordihire, fi tuated in a low, black, moorifii foil, on a river from Chelham ting runs into the Coin here, together with the <^ade, (al egether forming a rich pool of water to which its name, Uickmearfworth, in old records ft ems to allude) 9 miles h W, of St. Alban’s, and 13 -NW. of London. A confide ruble market , for wheat, '-which is bioueht hither frpm the feveral mills on its ftreiims) on : aturciay. ihek ne*s, I lertfordf. N. of Ware Park. BiCkion > Shropf. on the Rea, near N. Cle- bury. Rico l, Gxf. 3 miles SW. of Tame. Ill G Ridalc, or Risdcde, a river in Yorkfhire* which runs, into the Swale below Richmond. Biddings, Chefhire, near A l- tringham. Riddles ton, E. and JR. NE. and N. of Keighley. Ride, Jfle of Wight, oppofite Portfmouth and Gof-f port. Ride , Kent, near Harty, in Sheppy' Ifle. Ride/nisse, Glouc. in Nibley parilh. Ridfen, Warw. N. of Kenil worth- Chafe.. Ridge, Chclhire, near Macclesfield. Ridge, M Herts, near S. Mims. Ridge, Staft'ordf, « near Bloreheinb. Ridge-Hall, Derhyf. r in the High Peak. Ridge-Hill, Herts, near Barnet-Common. Ridge- Lane, Jj Warw. in the parilhes of Oldbury and Mercvale. Ridgpnond, Bedf. E. of Wo- burn. Riding, IXuham, between Kib- ' Riel worth and Urpeth. Ridlamhope, Durh. near Blanchland in Durham. Rid- 8 ley, a river in Northumb. Ridley, Chef, i, near Bunbury and Ridiey-Pool. Ridley, Kent, 3 miles and a half N. of Wrotham. Ridley- Hall, Northumb. by Beltingham. Ridley-Hal/j Northumb. W. of Allanton. Ridlington, Rutl. NW . of Uppingham. Ridmarley, W' ovce.f. S. of Malvern- Hills. : Ridmer, or Red-mire, Y orkfhire, NW. of ; Midlam. Ridw are- II amps tall , Staff, on the Blythe, between Rugeley and Yoxal. 1 Ridgew are- Hall and Pipe, and Rida' are- 1 Mavestin, Staff ncarthe Trent. Riechester, Northumberl. an old ftation, the capital ©f the Oladini, and the Rremanium of : the Romans. Rie-Hall,E r Aex, near Clave- ring. Rietberg, a town and county, about • IB miles in length, and 6 in breadth, of l < Weftphalia, fituated bn the Ems, 12 ' \ miles V NW. of Padeborn. Rieti, a town of Spoletto, feated. near- ■ the Lake Rieti, 37 miles NE. of Rome. ■ Rieux, the name of a town in the re-* fpeclive departments of Upper Garonne, Morbihan, Ille and Yilainc,- Aude and Lower Alps. x > liiEZ, a town in the department of the Lower Alps. It is a fmall, populous.' place, but was formerly much larger than . .it is at prefent. It is 33 miles NE. of Aix. Riga, a large, populous, and opulent citv of Ruflia, capital of the government of Riga, or Livonia. Next to Peteri- burgh, it is juftly confidcred as the moil commercial town in the whole empire. 'The trade is chiefly carried on by foreign merchants, who are refluent in the town j t but thole" of. the Englilh fadlory enjoy the g reate ft lhare of the commerce. The principal exports are corn, hemp, flax, iron, timber, malls, leather, tallow, See . ; its principal imports arc la It, cloth, lilks, wine. RIM wine, grocery wares, and falted herrings. The roafts grow raoftly in the diftrfdls which border on the Dnieper, and are lent up that river to a landing-place, I from which they are tranfported to the Duna, but i.X'f can only pals the laft- mentioned river in the Spring, or about three weeks after the fnow begins to nx>plt, on account of the numerous Ihoals. They are then formed into floats of from 50 to 200 pieces, ufually from 70 to 80 feet in length, and defcend the ft ream to Riga. The hemp, which is brought from the Ukraine and Poland, employs two years in its palfage to Riga.. It is con- veyed in barks of from 2 to 30(1 tons burden. Within the fortifications are about 9000 inhabitants, and in the fuburbs 15,000, excluiivc of a garrifon of 1000 men. Here -is a floating wooden bridge over the Dwina, or Duna, 40 feet in breadth, and 2600 in length. In the winter, when the ice fets in, this bridge is taken to pieces and removed, and in the fpring it is replaced. Riga was final- ly obliged to fubmit to Peter the Great, in 1710. It is 5 miles from the mouth of the Duna, and 160 NE. of Konigf- ' berg. Lat.' 56'. 53. N. Ion. 24. 25. E. Riga, Government of, mow call- ed Rizfkoi. See Livonia. Rigby, Yorkfhire, SW. of EontcfracL Right on, Yorkfti. N YV. of Burlington. Rignac, ?. town in the dept, of the Aveiron, 12 miles WNW. of Rhodez. Rigney, a town in the refpe6Vive de- partments of the Doubs, the Aube, and the Indre and Loire. Rigsby , Line, near Alford. Rig ton, Yorkf. NE. of Otley. Rig to?/, Yorkf. . SW. of W etherhy. llihall, Rutland, on ~ the river Gwafh, near Cafterton. Rill, Devonf. near Exmouth. Rilly, a town in the dept, of the Marne, 6 miles S. of RWeims. Rilsk, a town of Ruftia, in the go- vernment of Kurfk, fituated on the Sem, . 52 miles WSW. ofKurlk. Rilli?igfon, Yorkf. E. of New Malt on. Rilston, Yorkf. in Burnfal parifh. Ri- fling Ion, Lane. NW. of Coin. Rimini, anciently Ariminium, a city of Italy, in Romagna, chiefly remarkable for many remains of antiquity, among which are a triumphal arch, crcdfed to Auguftus, part of an amphitheatre* and fome ftones with inferiptions, It is fcat- ed on the river Marecchia, (the harbour of which is nowfo clioaked up with fand, as . fcarcely to admit of final 1 barks) at fome diftance from the coaft of the Adriatic, the fea having receded from it, in lat. 44, 7.N. R I N ■Rimmegen, or Remish, a town of Luxembcrg, fituated on the Moielle, 24 miles NNE. of * Phion ville. Rimont, a town in the dept, of the Arriege. Riihpton , Somerf. . SE. of the .Camels, i Rimsconb, Dorfetf.in.Purbeck life. Rims - r cell, Yorkf. in H old ernefs,. near Rofs. Rinabelly , in Cork, Munfter, about 3 miles S. of Carrigaline. R inborough, Yorkf. SE. of Hornfey. Rincoping, or Ringkiobing, a con- fulerable fea-porttown of Ripen, in North Jutland, fituated on the W. ctfaft, in lat. 56. 7. N. Rindoms, a town of Catalonia, V 11 miles NW. of Tarrag#na. Rineogonagh, in Waterford, Munfter. Rinjad, a promontory, which forms tilt: E. of Killough-Bay, in Down, Ulfter. Ringay, a river in Chefnire. Ring duffer in, in Down, Ulfter. Ring field, Suffolk, S. of Beccles. Ringhaddy, in Down, Ulfter, N. of Kil- leleagh, on the tide of Strangford Lake, is noted for its oyfrers. Ri/igland , Norfolk, near Taverham, Ringleston, Kent, -near Doddimgton. Rin- gleton, Kent, in Woodnefborough parifh. Ringiner , Suifex, NE. of Lewes. Ring - merer Pit, Norfolk, near Thetford and Kilverfton, a remarkable pool of 6 or 7 acres in extent, in form of an amphithea- tre. Rings, Kent, near Woldham. Ringroan , in Cork, Munfter. Ringshall, Bucks, in Ivingo parifh. Ring shall, Suffolk, SW. of Needham. Ringsteu, afmall town and bailiwick of Zealand, in Denmark, in the great church, of which fcveral kings, queens, &c. lie buried, as Waldemar 1. Waldemar II. Erick the Saint, Duke Knute the Saint, and other perfons of diftin£Vion. It is 29 miles SW. of Copenhagen. Ringsted, Northamp. on the Net*, N. of Higham Ferrers. Ringslead, Dorfet- fhire, on the coaft, NE. of Weymouth. It is divided into Eaft, Weft, and Middle, and is 2 miles S. of Ofmington. Ring- sted, Great and Little, Sts. Andrews and Peter, Norfolk, N. of Snetfham, and near Houghton. Ringwold, Kent, near the fea, five miles N ft. of Dover. Ring wood, 3“ town of New Jerfey. * Ring wood, a pretty large thriving town of Hampfhire, fuli of good houfes. It trades chiefly in leather, wo riled knit ftockings, druggets, and narrow cloths, and is fituated on or near the Avon, 30 miles SW.. of W inchefter, and 91 SW. of London. Market on Wedncfday. Rinmore , Devonfh. near Big bery and S s 3 Hope- RIP RIP Hope-Key. Rinsell , Effcx, near Danbury. *Rinteln, a town of Shawenburg, in Well ph alia, with an univerfity, fituated on the Wefcr, 9 miles SSE. of Minden. Rio Grande, a river of Terra Firma, which rifes almoft under the equator, and running N. through Terra Firma, falls into the Gulf of Mexico, between Car- thagena and S. Martha, in Ion. 74. 40. W. Rio Grande, a river of Africa, which runs from E. to W. and falls into the At- lantic Ocean in lat. 11. 0. N. Rio Grande, a river of Rjafil, which runs into the fea in lat. 5. 45. S. Rio Grande, a river of Jamaica, on the N. coafl, which runs into the fea, in lat. 18. 13. N. Ion. 76. 14. W. alfo a town of Fernambuco, in Brafil. Rio Janeiro, a river of S. America, which rifes in the mountains W. of Bra- fil, and running E. through that country, falls into the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Acaptainfhipof Bra- fil, fo called from the river Janeiro, which runs through the middle of it. The rivers in this jurifdidtion are but few, and only two of them large, on the banks of which the natives have many villages. At the mouth of the Janeiro, is fituated the city of Rio de Janeiro, or St. Sebaftian, its ca- pital. Riom, a. town in the dept, of Puy-de- Dome, 8 miles N. of Clermont, and 115 S. of Paris. Rio de Janeiro. See St. Sebas- tian. Rio Negro, a confidcrablc river of S. America, which runs from near the river Oronoko, or one of its branches, in New Grenada, to the river Amazon, which it enters at or near Fort Rio Negro, fituated in the government of Peru, in lat. about 3. 1 5. S. and Ion. 62. 14. W. Rio Seco, a town of Beira, on the borders of Spain and a town of Leon. Riobamba, a jurifdidiion of Quito, in S. America. Its produdlions and manu- fadhucs excel all the reft of the pro- vinces of Peru. The whole country, indeed, is full of gold and filver mines, its capital, of the fame name, is abou.t 90 miles S. of Quito. Rio Li, a town of Capitanata. Riom, a town in the dept, of Puy-de- Dome, 8 miles N. of Clermont, and 115 S of Paris i and a town in the dept, of the Cantal. lfroNs, a town in the dept, of Gi- ronde, 15 miles SE. of Bourdeaux. Ripa Transone, a town of Ancona, Ripaille, a town in the dept, of Mount Blanc, lituated on the S. fide of the lake of Geneva. Ripe, Suffex, SE. of Laughton. Ripen, a town (formerly very flourifh-^ ing) and diocefe of N. Jutland, fowled on theW. coaft, containing two colleges, a public library, and fome trade in gfidn, horned cattle, horfes, See. Thfcl harbour, (which will only admit of fmall vellels) lies at the mouth of the riven Nip- faa, in lat. 55. 19. N. liipin gale. Line, near Bourn. Riple , Worcefterf. N. of Tewkefbury. * Riple y, a town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, noted for its plentiful pro- diidlion of liquorice. It is feated on the river Nyd, over which it has a bridge, 4 miles NW. of Knarefborough, and 211 N. by W. of London. Mark, on Friday. Ripley, Derbyfhire, in Pentridge parifh. Ripley, Hants, in Sopley parifti. Ripley , Kent, 4 miles and a half S. of Sandwich. Ripley, Surry, in Send parifh. Ripley - Court, Kent, in Weftwell parifh. Rip - Ung/oji, Hants, NW. of Maple- Durham. Riplington , Northumb. SW. of Morpeth. : Riponden , Yorkf. SW. of Halifax. Rip- ; pie, Eflex, E. of Barking. Ripplingham, Yorkf. NW. of Hull. * Rip pon, a well built, populous town c in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, with a market-place, reckoned by fomc the fineft fquare of the kind in England, and adorned with a curious ohelifk. It had once a .flourifhing woollen manufactory, and is ftill a ftaple for wool, which is bought up here every week, by the clothiers ( of Leeds, Wakefield, Halifax, Sec. but it ) is moft noted for its manufadhire of hard- \ ware, particularly fpurs. Its magnificent church, adorned with 3 lofty fpircs, is both parochial and collegiate, (having dean and chapter, and fending a prodtor to the convocation of the province of York) and is the only one that is lb in England except that of Southwell, in Nottinghamfhire. Before the conqueft, and fome time after it, this place was governed by elders and a chief magiftrate, called a wakeman or watchman. A con- fiderable number of Saxon coins were found herein the year 1695, particularly the brafs coins called fticcas, 8 whereof made a penny. A navigable canal comes up to the town. It is pleafantly fitu- ated on the river Ure, or Aire, over which it has 2 ftone bridges, 28 miles NW. of York, and 218 NNW. of London. Mar- ket on Thurfday. Fairs on Thurfday after June 24, Thurfday after March 21, on May 12, the firft Thurfday in June, on Holy R 0 A Holy Thurfday, and on the firft Thurfday after Auguft 22, and November 22. Ripton, Abbot's , and Ripton , King's, N. and NE., of Huntingdon. Risboraugh , Yorkf. SW. of Pickering. Riouier, a town in the depart, of Somme, 5 miles NE. of Abbeville. Risborough, Monks, a town of Buckinghainf. 7 miles S. of Aylcdbury, and 37 WNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Risbor.ough, Princes , Bucks, near Hamden- Magna. Risbury, Heref. SE. of Leominfler. Risby , Line, near Bur- ton- upon-Trent. Risby, Suffolk, NW. of Bury. Risby, Yorkf. NW. of Hull. Rise l, Monmouthf. NW. of Newport. Rishungles, Suffolk, N.ofDebenham. Ris- ing, or Risinghain, Northumb. SE. of Hexham. Risingarth, Yorkf. in Hol- der nefs. Risington, Great , Little, and M ick, S. of Stow-on-the-Would. Risk- ington, Line. N. of Sleaford. Riskins, or Piercy Lodge, Bucks, near Colnbrook. Risley, Bedfordf. near Swinefhead. Ris- ley, Derbyl'. on the Erwafh, near Sandia- cre, E. of Derby. Risley, Lancafh. N. of Warrington. Rislip , Middl. between Hxbridge and Pinner. Rissingdale , fee Ravin gstondale. Riston, Sometfetf. near Taunton. Rijburg, a town of Weflphalia, ca- pital of a county of the fame name. Rithersthorp , NW. of Northampton. Riton, W arwickf. near Weflon. Riton , 1 orkf. near Old Malton. Riton-upon ^ Dunsmore , Warwickf. has a bridge over the Avon, NE. of Stoneley- Abbey. Riva, a town and river of Tirol. Rivadeo. SeeRiBADEO. RivALTA,a town of Milan ; and a town ef Piedmont. Rivaulx , Yorkf. by Hclmefley. Ri- venhall, Eflex, by Witham. River, and its Park, Suffex, NW. ofPetworth. Ri- ver head, Kent, by Sevenoaks. River hi 11 , Kent, SE. of Seven oaks. Rivers , Kent, NW. of Dover. River shall, Eflex, be- tween Boxted and Dedham. River stown, in Galway, Connaught. Rivers town, in Cork, Munfter, near Gian- ni ire. Rivesaltf.s, a town in the dept, of the Eaftern Pyrenees, 6 miles NNW. of Perpignan. Rivoli, a town of Piedmont j and a town in the Veronefe. Rixton , Lancaf. near Ribchefter. Roa, a town in Old Caltile, fcated on the Ducro. Road, Soraerfetf. Road gate, Yorkf. W . Hiding, near Helensford. Roadnook, ROB Derbyf. in Scarfdale. Roatce, Oxfordf. a hamlet, partly in Benflngtoq parifh. Roanne, a town in the department of Rhone and Loire, feated on the river Loire. It is a convenient ltaple for mer- chandife fent from Lyons, down the Loire, and by the canal of Briare, into the Seine, and thence to Paris, Orleans, See. Roanne is 45 miles NW. of Lyons, and 210 SSE. of Paris. Roanoak, an ifland near the coaft of N. Carolina, at the entrance into Albe- marle Sound. Lat. 35. 50. N. Roanoak, along, rapid river of N. America, (formed in the fouthern part of Virginia) by 2 principal branches ; name- ly, Staunton River, which rifes in Vir- ginia, and Dan River, which rifes in N. Carolina. This river is fubjedt to in- undations, and, on account of the falls, is navigable for lhallops only, about 60 or 70 miles. It enters, by feveral mouths, into the W, end of Albemarle Sound. Robarns, Surry, near E. and W. Horflcy. Robb^en Island, called fometimes in Engliih charts, Penguin Ifland, a barren fandy ifland, about 6 miles in circum- ference, at the entrance into Falfe-Bay, near the Cape of Good Hope. Lat. 33. 50. S. Ion, 18. 22. E. Rbb's- Cross, Northumb. inReadfdale, Robert' s- Castle, Yorkf. near K'narcfbo- rough. Robert' s- Hall, Lane. E. of Horn- * by-Caftle. Robert's -Town, in Kildare, Leinfter. It is the ftage between Sallins and Rathan- gan, on the Grand Canal, 2 1 miles from Dublin. RobiN-Hood’s-Bay, a large popu- lous village, fituated on a bay of the fame name, on the coaft of the N. Riding of . Yorklhirc, between Scarborough and Whitby. It is about one mile broad, and confifts chiefly of fifhermen, who fupply the city of York, and all the ad- jacent country, with herrings, and all forts of filh in their feafon ; they have alfo well- boats, wherein arc. kept large quantities of crabs, lobfters, See. Robin- Hood' s-Butts, Yorkf. two hills SW. of Robin- Hood VRay. Robin- Hood's -W ell, Yorkf. between Pontefradt and Doncafter. Robinson, a county of N. Carolina. Robley Heath, Herts, N. of Welwin. Robolsay, Dorfetf. in Marfh wood- Vale and Whitchurch parilh. Roborough , Devonf. E. of Torrington. Robrindale , Lancalhire, SE- of Hornby- Caflle. Roby, Lane. SE. of Weft Darby. Rocady?ie , Shropf. near Wellington. S s 4 Rocca- It o c; Rocca-b'Anfo, a town in the Erefciano. Rocca, a . town of Lavora, in Na- ples; a town of. Ifrria ; and a fraall ifand in the Weil-Indies, about 9 leagues W. of Orchi’la. Alio a .town of Vene- tian Iftria, anti a town of Tulcany, Fri- uli, f ^eiroa, and Urbi.lo Monaco, and two of Parma ; a town of Calabria Ultra, near which is a celebrated coral fifliery; a town of.AbruzzoCitra, 2 towms of La- vora, 2 of Rrincipato Citra, 1 of Bafili- cata, 1 of Molifo, and 1 of Calabria Citra. Rocc a-Monsena, a town of Lavora. Rocc a-Vecchia, a town of Lavora. Rock, Cornwall, NU . of Lcflwithiel. Rock, Wo reef. S. of the Foreft of W ire,. Rock Abbey, Yorkf. W. Riding, SE. of Rotherham, was fituated among woods and rocks ; in one of which is a cave, faid to have had a fubterraneous paflage for- merly to a mo nailery in Tickhill Cable, about two miles diftant.. Ope fide of the building, with ibme pillars and a relies yet remain. Here is a neighbouring' quarry, the flone whereof (called Rdch Abbey bone) is fo white and fo beautiful, that mafans prize it above all others. Rochconnel , in Vv . Meath, Lei lifter, E. of Mullingar. Rochdale , in Louth, Lein- fler. block Court , Hants, by Farcham. # Rochdale, a large, populous town in Lancafhire, fituated in a vale on the ri- ver Roche, furrounded by hills which abound in coals; it has tlourifhing manu- . failures of hats, hays, forges, and other woollen and cotton goods. Its manu- fadlures, which have been much improved ■ of late years, extend 8 or 10 miles N. of the town, which is 55 miles V. S\\ . of . York, and 195 NNW . of London- Mar- ket on ' Fuefday. Rochdown, a towiT of Kentucky. Roche, a , river in Lancafhire, w hich runs into the Irwell, at Pilkingtpn Park, 3 miles SF. of Bolton. Roche, a town of Savoy, with fomc trade in the tanning of leather and the • making of flioes. Roche, La, an ancient town of Lux- emburg, the capital of a county which comprehends '51 towns and villages. It . ?s fituated upon the Outtc, (with a caflle on a rock, which commands the city, 2 8 miles S. of Liege. Alfo a town in the refppdtive departments of the Covreze, Seine and Oife, Nievre, Upper Loire, Puy de Dome, Higher Alps, Doubs, N. C calls, Upper Vienne, and 2 in the dept, of Dordogne. Roche B e r n a r d , ?, toivn in the dept. ROC of Morbihan, feated on the 'river Vilalne, 23 miles SSE. of Vannes. Roche-Chou art, a town in the de- partment of Upper Vienne, 18 miles S. by W. of Limoges, and 183 S. by VV. of Parrs. Rochefort, a confiderable fca-port in the dept, of Lower Cliarente, with a deep commodious harbour, well flickered from all. hurricanes. Here are alfo vafuj barracks', an armory, excellent docks, mail gazincs* &:c. for, building, careening, and ! refitting Ihlps of war, with a marine aca- v demy. The flreets arc uniformly broad,- and in ftraight lines, and- the houfes low, . but regular. It is fuppofed to contain 10,000 inhabitants, but the air is un-f -wholcfovne, and the water of bad quality.-! Itw r as founded by Louis XIV. in 1664, and is fituated on the river Cliarente, about 6 leagues from its mouth, 21 miles S. by E. of Rochelle, asul 127 S\Y. of . Paris. Pochfort, a town ofLuxemburg, ca-y pital of a confiderable county, and of ; Neufchatef, in Switzerland ; alfo a town « in the refpedive departments of the . Puy de Dome, Drome, Mayue and Loire, Morbihan, Seine, and Oife, and Jura. 1, Roc hefouc ault, La, a town in the j dept, of Cliarente, 12 miles NE. of An- . gouleme. Rochelle, a celebrated fea- port town f in the dept, of Lower Cliarente, before, the revolution, the capital of. A unis. Its , harbour is fafe but not very deep, and ' the entrance to it is narrow. It contains ( abou.t 15,000 inhabitants, it has 5 gates; f the houfes are moftly fupported bv piaz- i zas, under which perl'pns may walk in all ' weathers ; and the flreets, in general, arc x as ftraight as a line. The inhabitants. • carry on a confiderable trade to - the French colonies in Africa and America, eipecia! ly in the articles of wines, brandy, fugar, fait, paper, linen, and forges, in 1628, Louis X; 11. took this town from the Hu- guenots, after a fiege of 13 months. To prevent the Englifh throwing in fuccours by fea, Cardinal Richelieu conftruUled a a prodigious mole ncrofs the mouth of the haven, 41-82 feet in extent.- Rochelle is feated on the ocean, 67 miles N. by E. of Nantes, and 220 SYV. of Paris. Roche Posay, a town in the dept, of the Vienne, feated on the river Creule; it is chiefly remarkable for its mineral waters. ’‘Rochester, an ancient, but little city of Kent, believed to have been a Roman ftation, from the bricks in the wall, and the Roman coins and other an- tiquities R'O C Equities that have been found here. It was formerly much larger than at prefen t, having now only one parilh church, be- fides the cathedral ; but it once had an- other, and of later times has been gra- dually increafing by the addition of foine -new houfes and flreets on the high fide of the town. It' confifis chiefly of one principal ftreet, which is paved. The houfes are generally inhabited by tradef- men and inn-keepers ; no for t^ of manu- factory being carried on here. It has two free fchools, the one called the King’s, a id the other the City School. There is here alfo an alms-houfe for fix poor travellers, who arc fupplied with a fupper, a bed, and breakfaft, and with fourpence to- carry them forward on their journey ; but they are to ftay no longer than one night ; and it is remarkable, that an infeription over the door intimates, that “ rogues and prodtors are excepted.” The narrow Hone bridge over the Med- way, confilling of 2 1 arches, was built in the reign of Edward ill. partly at the expence of Sir John Cobham and Sir Robert Knolles, out. of the fpoils they had taken in France. The corporation has jurifdicVion over the great oylier- filhery in the fovcral creeks of the Med- way, which is now in a flourilhing fiate. Rochefter is parted from Stroud on the W. by its bridge,, and is contiguous to Chatham on the E. It is 27 miles NW. by W. of Canterbury, and 3Q SE. by E. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Friday, and a market for. cattle the laft Tucfday in every month. Rochester, a town of New York. Rochester, North u mb. NW. of Otter- burn, and near the iource of the river Read. It has fomc Roman antiquities, as altars, inferiptions, &c. Rocheston- Castle , Monm. W. of Newport. Rockcstown , in Dublin, Leinfier. Ro c h e- s u r- Y o n, a town in the dept, of Vendee, feated on the fiver Yon, 20 miles NW. by W. of Lu$on, and 202 SW . of Paris. Rochjen , Wilts, N. of Amdbury. Rochford, a town of Eflex, which gives name to its hundred. It is fituated - near a fiream, which opens into the Crow'ch, 1(3' miles SE. of Chelmsford, and 40 E. l.y N. of London. Market on Thurfday. Rochjord, Worcef. NE. of Ten bury. Rochlitz, a town of Leipfic, in Upper Saxony, with manufactures of cloth, Hurts, and linen, and copper mines in its vicinity. It is fituated on the Mulda, 24 miles SE. of Leipfic. RO C RocJc, North umb. SW. of Dunftaburgb- Caftle. 'Rockbear, Devonfhire, in F re- mington parifh. Rock , Black K Chefhirc, on the coafi, SW. of Liverpool. Rock, Black , Cornw. in Falmouth- Haven. Rockbridge, a county of Virginia, between the Allegany Mountains and the Blue Ridge. See Cedar Creek. Rockborn , Flants, by ’ Fordingbridge, Rockborn-Cheney , M ilts, SE. of Crick- lade. Rocke, Worcef. Rockells, Efi'ex, SW . of W alden. Rock, Carry , in Monaghan, TJIfter. Rockfidd, in llofconunon, Connaught. Rockhili, in Cork, Munffer. Rockhampton, Gloucef. 2 miles N. of Thornbury. Ro ckingham, a town of Northamp- tonfiiire, giving name to a forefr, for- merly one of the largeft and richefi of the kingdom ; it extended near 14 miles in length, and o miles in breadth (as ap- pears from a" furvey made in 1641) but is now difmembered into various parcels, by the iuterpofition of fields and towns. Rockingham is feated on the river W el- land, which falls into thcNen,. 12 miles S. of Oakham, and 84 N. by W. of Lon- don. Market on Thurfday." Rockingham, a town of Vermont, and a county of Virginia. Rockinghausen, a town in the pa- latinate of the Rhine, near Ealkenltein. Rockins-Stairs, Kent, W. of the North Foreland. Rockland, SE. of Norwich. Rockland , All Saints, or Minor, St. Andrew's, or Majors, St. Peter s, and Tofts, Norfolk, near Attleborough. Hockley , Ifle of W ight, in E. Medina. Rockeley,' Yorkf. S. of Barnefley. Rockly- Hill, Dorfetf. near Pcrtifham. RocquigI'Iy, a town in the dept* of the Ardennes. Rock- Savage, Chclhire,' on the W r ee- ver, near Halton. Rocliff, Yorklhire, on the Ure, near Boroughbridge. Rocliff, Cumb. N. of the Eden, near Carlifle. Rocnt Bridge, Oxford (hire, over . the Ifis, N. of Farringdon. Rocoux. See Raucoux. Rocroy, a town in the department of the Ardennes, celebrated for the vic- tory which the Prince of Conde, then duke of Enghien, and only 22 years of age, gained here over the Spaniards in 1643. Nine thoufand Spaniards and Walloons are fakl to have fallen in the battle, mod of whom rei'ufed to take quarter. It is feated, in a plain, furrounded by forefls, 6 miles from the Made, and 12 NW. of Mezieres. Rod an see. ROE Rodansee, a lake in the Ucker Mark of Brandenburg, a little to the S. of Tcmplin. Rodhorough , Glouc. near Stroud. Rgd- borriy Warw. between Southam and Da- ventry. Rodham , Wilts, S. of Malmes- bury. Roddam , or Rodham , Northumb. N. of Ingram. Rodden, Dorfetf. a mile and a half from, For ti {ham. Roddcston f Northumberl. a forefl in South Tindal. jR oddington, Shropf. NE. of Chirbury. RoddinglOHy Shropf. on tiie river Roddon, NW.of Wellington. jfiWe,Notthamp. near Sacy Forefl. Rode, Scmerfetf. near Fro me. Rode- Hall , Chefhire, by Sand- bach. Rode, North, Chcfhirc, SW. of Macclesfield. Rodeley , Lcicef. 2 miles S. of Mount- Sorrel. Rodemacheren, a town in the dept. ®f the Mofelle, 1 1 miles S. of Luxem- burg. Rader ibury- Hills, Somerfetfhire, SE. of Fro me, Rodeshall , Yorki. S. of Bradford. Rodez, a town in the dept, of Avei- ron, with manufactures of grey doth and lergcs, but chiefly noted for its four great annual fairs where great numbers of mules are fold for Spain. It is fituated on a hill, at the foot of which flows the rapid river Aveiron, 30 miles NNE. of Alby. Roding, the name of eight parifhes in the weftern part of Efl'ex, diflinguifhed by the additional appellation of Abbots , Berners, Beauchamp , Ey thorp, (once called Roding Grumbald' s) High, Lea- den , Margarets , and White. This part of the country is called the Rodings, and takers its name from the river Roding, which rifes near Canfield, and falls into the Thames below Barking. They are celebrated for excellent arable land. High Roding is the principal, and the higheft up the river of all the Rodings, and the jaeareftto Dunmow. Rodmarton, Glou- ceiterfhire, E. of Minching-Hampton. A great many Roman coins, urns, and pavements, have been found here. Rod- viersham , Kent, SE. of Sittinghour'n. Rodon , NE. of Shrew (bury. Rodcsto, a trading town of Roma- nia, with a harbour, and a Greek bifhop’s fee. It is feated on the N. coaft of the Sea of Marmora, G2 miles S. by W. of Conflantinople. Rodsley , Derby {hi re, E. of Caflleton. Rodzery, *$omerfetfhire, near J blunder. Roc, a river in the county of Donegal, which runs' into Lough Foyle, 2 miles N W. of Limavaddy. Roeburn , a river in Lancafhire. Roe- r o L hampicn, a hamlet of Putney, finely fituated between the Heath (at its weflern extremity) and Ead Sheene. It hasfeveral elegant villas. Roer, otRuer, ariverof Weftpha- lia, which rifes in the duchy of Juliers, paflfes by the town of that name, as alfo Ruremond, in Guelderland, and a little after falls into the Maefe. Alfo a river of Wedphalia, which rifes near Winterberg, and falls into the Rhine, between Roeroot and Duyfherg. Roeroot, a town of Clevcs, fituated on the Rhine, 15 miles N. of DulTeldorp. Roes borough, in Cork, M under. Roes- Green, in Tipperary, Munder. Roeux, a town in the Straits- of Ca- ‘ lais, c /0 miles E. of Arras. Roeulx, atownof Hainault, 8 miles NE. of Mons. Roe-Water, in Derry, Ulder. Rogate, Sufiex, NW. of Midhurd. Rogiate, Monmouthf. nearCaldicot. Kohaczow, a town of Minlk, in Lithuania, fituated on the Dnieper. Rohan, a town in the department of Morbihan, 9 miles NNE. of Vannes. Rohilcund, or Rohilla, a circar or territory of Hindoodan, on the E. fide of the Ganges, and NW. of the foubali of Oude. In 1773, this country was invaded by the Mahrattas, but the Britilh troops, as allies of the Nabob of Oude, being galled in by the Rohilla chiefs to their aflidance, the enemy were driven back. For this lervice, the princes of Rohilcund had agreed to pay the na- bob 40 lacks of rupees; but the payment being evaded, the next year the Rohilla country was invaded by the Britifh troops, conquered, and added to the fouhah ot Oude. Bercilly is the capital. Rokely , Wilts, NW. of Marlborough. RokenhaUsen, a town in the pala- tinate of the Rhine, 28 miles SW. of W orms. Rokesbridge, Somerf. over the cut from the Axe to the Brent. Rokesby , Yorkf. between Barnard-Caftleand Greatabridge. Rokesby- Hall, Yorkfhire, SW. of Hat- field-W oodhoufe. Rokkesdon, near Bed- ford. Rokolty Eflex, near Stratford and Layton. Rolduc, called in the language of the country IIfjito^enrode, a town of Limburg, capital of a country,,which includes feveral villages. It is 10 miles SW. of Juliers. Rollesbyy Norfolk, SW. of Winterton- Nefs. Rollings ton? Dorfetfhire, NE. of Corfe. Rollrich-Stonesy Oxfordf. an an- cient monument, confiding of a circle of done® 11 O M ftones, (landing upright, in the parifh of Chipping-Norton, near Long Compton. It is the remains of a Brltifh temple, ac- cording to Mr. Toland, hut Mr. Cam- den and Dr. Plot are of different opi- nions ; in fhort, antiquarians are not agreed as to its particular defignation. Rolls, Efiex, near Chigwell. Ralston, StafFordf. near Tutbury, and the conflu- ence of the Dove and Trent. Rolvjfiden , Kent, two miles SW. of Ten^erden. Rom, or Roem, an ifland on the W. , coaft of S. Jutland, between thofe of Manoe and Sylt. It is about 8 miles in length, and 2 or 3 in breadth, and con- tains a few villages. Lat. 55. 9. N. Rom, a town in the dept, of the Viennp. Roma, one of the Molucca iflands, about 30 miles in circumference, and 60 miles NE. from the ifland of Timor. Romagna, a province of Italy, bounded on the N. by the Ferrarefe,on the E. by the Adriatic, on the S. by Urbino and Tufcany, and on the W. by Bologna. It is about 45 miles in length and 30 in breadth, and fertile in corn, wine, oil, frqits, and paftures ; it has alfo mines, mineral waters, and fait- works, which laft makes its principal revenue. In the fifth century, it fell under the dominion of the Oflrogoths, whole king, Thco- dorick, in the year 493, made Ravenna his place of residence. In the following . century, the Goths being driven out by Belifarius and Narfes, generals of the em- perors of the eaft, Ravenna became the redden ce of the emperor’s exarch, till the Lombards made themfelves mailers of it, and difpoflefled the laft exarchs. At length, in the year 755, Pepin, king of the Franks, having compelled Iftul- phus, king of the Lombards, to give up the whole exarchate, conferred it on the fee of Rome. Ravenna is the capital. Romagna, a town of Italy, in the No- varefe, fituated on the Sella. Romagne, a town in the refpedfive depts. of the Mayne and Loire, and of the Meufc. Romain Motier, a town and baili- wick of Bern, in Swiilerland. Romanby , Yorklhire, by Northallerton. Roman $- Leigh, Devonfhire, S. of South Moulton. Romania, anciently Thrace, called by the Turks Rumili and Icella, a pro- vince of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the N. by Bulgaria, on the E. by the Black Sea, on the S. by the Archipelago, and the Sea of Marmora, and on the W. by Macedonia y being 200 miles in it o M length, and 150 in breadth. It is Fruit- ful in all kinds of grain, and remarkably good rice, as alfo in paftures ; and there are mines of filver, lead, and alum. IJasmus, which divides this country from Bulgaria, and Rhodope, are the principal mountains, extending, in long ridges, from the frontiers of Macedonia to the Black Sea. It is divided into three great governments, or fangiacates. Romano, a town of Italy in the Ber- gamafeo. Romans, a town in the dept, of Drome, compared by Rodin and other travellers, who have vifited Paleftine, to Jerufalem, for its (filiation and furround- ing feenery. It is fituated on the I fere,, 22 miles SW. of Grenoble. Rombrook, or Romerick, Herts, near Ickleton. Rombrough, Suffolk, N W. of Halefworth. Romden , Kent, near Smarden. Rome, a famous city of Europe, founded 748 years before the Chrifhan aera. It was formerly three times as large as it is at prefent j and is now one of the Iargett and handfomeft cities of Europe. It is divided into 14 quarters, or wards, called Ricnes, which contain 81,pari(hes, about 200,000 inhabitants, including- (Rangers, 2827 prieftsi, 3847 monks, 1910 nuns, 1665 ftudents, and 1470 pau- pers. The number of inhabitants has gradually increafcd during the whole of this prefent century. Some of the prin- cipal (beets are of confiderable length, and perfectly ftraight. That called the Corfo is the moft frequented. He?e the nobility difplay their equipages during the carnival, and take the air in the even- ings, in fair weather. The Strada-Fe- lice, and the Strada-di-Porta-Pia, are alfo very long and noble ftreets. There are no lamps lighted in the ftreets at night y and all Rome would \ be in litter darknefs, were it not for the candles which the devotees fometimes place be- fore theMadonas, orfratues of St. Mary \ thefe appear glimmering, at vaft inter- vals, like ftars in a cloudy night. The footmen carry dark lanterns behind the carriages of people of drftindtion. Rome, at prefent, exhibits a (Lange mixture of magnificent and interefiing, and of com- mon and beggarly objcdls. 'The former confift of palaces* churches, fountains, and, above all, the interefiing remains of antiquity. The latter comprehend all the reft of the city. The church of St. Peter, in the opinion of many, furpafles, in fize and magnificence, the fineft monuments of ancient architecture. Its length is exadtly 4 It O M exa&Ty ?3Q feet; the breadth 520 ; and the height, from the pavement to the top of the crofs, which crowns the cu- pola, 450. The Pantheon is the moft perfect of the Roman temples which now remain. “ In fpke,” fays Moore, “ of the depredations which if has fuf- tained from Goths, Vandals, and Popes, it {till remains a beautiful monument of Roman tafte. 'Flic pavilion of the great altar, which Hands under the cupola of. St. Peter's, and the four wreathed pil- lars of Corinthian brafs, which fupport it, were formed out of the fpoils b£ the Pantheon, which, after all, and with the height of 1800 years upon its head, has Hill a probability, of outliving its proud, capacious rival.” From the circular form of this' temple, it has obtained the name of the Rotundo. It x s height is 150 feet, and its breadth nearly the fame. There are no windows; the central opening in the dome admitting a fufficiency of light. The rain which falls through this aperture immediately drills through holes, which perforate a large piece of porphyr, that forms the centre of the pavement. Being converted into a Chriftian temple, the Pantheon, originally eredted to the honour of all the gods, is now dedicated to Mary, pn.d to all the martyrs and faints. As the Pantheon is the molt entire, the Amphitheatre of Yefpafian is the moll: ftupendous monument of antiquity hi Rome. About one half of the external circuit Hill remains ; from which a pretty exadt idea may be formed of the original ftrudturc. According to a computation of Mr. Byres, it could contain 85,000 fpeciators. The Campidoglio is an ele- gant ftrudturc, raifedon part of the ruins of the ancient Capitol. The. ancient Forum is now a cos -market), and on the top of the beautiful Column of Trajan, 100 feet high, is the ftatue of St. Peter, inHcad of that of Trajan, See. The Ro- mans fay, that the church of St. John Lateran is the moft -ancient of all th£ churches of Rome, and the mother of all the churches in Chriftendom. To this temple every new pope conftantly goes fir/t, in a magnificent proccfiion, to take pollefiion of his fee. The church of the Holy Crofs of Jcruialem, celebrated for its magnificent columns of granite, See. was built by Confiantine. The pope has three fuperb palaces, of which the prin- cipal is the Vatican,' near St. Peter’s church, faid to contain upwards of 4-100 apartments. The library -of this palace is the laigeft and .moft complete, in the world ; rich, efpccially in rannu- ftepts in all languages, and of all ages. R O N of which there are faid to be about 4000. In Rome, the connoifteur will meet * with innumerable paintings by the greateft mafiers, and with the chef-' d’ oeuvres of fculpturo, &c. The cafe ' of St. Angelo is faid to ferve more to keep-thc city in awe, than to repel any foreign attack. Rome is feated on the river I iber, which runs through part of it, in lat.,41. 54. N. Ion. 12. 55. E. Romhild, a town of Heuneburg, in Francpnia. *Romney, New, a town in Kent* once a -very large place, containing five churcnes, a priory, and an hofpital, with a good harbour ; but fince the fea re- I tired from it, in the reign of Edward 1 it is much reduced. The two great meet- ' ings for all the Cinque Pons are held here on the Tuefday after St. Margaret’s Day. it is feated on a hill, in the middle of the piarlh of the fame name, j 2 miles and a half NNE. of Lydfl, and 71 SE. of London. Market on' Saturday. Romney-Marsh, a tradt of land, 10. '; miles long and 8 broad, which occupies • the moft foil them part of Kent, between ' Dungenefs-and Rvc Haven. It contains, in this compafs, between 40 and 50,000 1 acres of firm, fruitful land, fupnofed to 1 be the richeft pafture in England/ Cattle are fattened here to an extraordinary lize, .1 and many bullocks are font hence to the London market, but it is deemed a very unhealthy trad!. It has two towns and \ 19 parifhes, which were incorporated in 4 the reign of Edward IV. by the name of ‘I a bailiff, 24 jurors, and the commonalty 4 of Romney-Marfli. Romhey, Old , a mile and $. half W. of New Romney. Romo nt, oiRodmont, a town and 1 bailiwick of Friburg, in Swiflerland, J feated on a mountain, 10 miles SW. of I Friburg. Rom or anti n, a town in the dept. , I of Loir and Cher, containing about 7000 inhabitants. Here are lome manufac- tures of fine ferges and cloths. It is feated on the brook Moramin, (which lofes itfclf in- the Sanre) 11 miles S. of Orleans. Rompney, Monmouthf. NE of Cardiff. J Rompney , a river of Glamorganfhire. Romsey. SccRumsey. Rninsley, Shropf. NE. of Cleburyv Ronaldsha, South, and North, the one the moft foutherly, and the other j| the moft northerly of the Orkney Iflands. ; jj Ronciglione, a town and county in the Ratninonio. Ron da, I ROS Rond A, a town of Granada, fxtuated on a craggy rock, near the Rio Verde, 05 miles WV of Malaga. Randbay , Yorkf.-NE. of Leeds. Ronneburg, a town of .Altcnburg, in Upper Saxony. Rook's- Hilly Suflex, N. of Chichefier v Rooksley, Kent, near Foot’s Cray. Rook's- JVcst, Surry, near Godftone. Rookzcood-' Half, Efl'ex, near the Rodings. Rope, Chefnire, near Namptwich. Ropesley, Lincolnlhire, \V. of Fokin gham. Rope - ley, Hampf. NE. of Alresford. Ropston, Yorkf. near IIornfey-Beck. - Roouebrune, a town in the dept, of the Yar, 4 miles W. of Frcjus ; and a town of Monaco. Roque course, a town in the dept, of the Yarn. Roquefeuil, a town in the dept, of the Aude. Roquefort, a town in the dept, of the Aude. Roouefort-de-Mars an, a town in the dept, of Landes, feated on the river Douze, 12 miles NE. of Mont-de- dVIarfan. Roouelaure, a town in the dept, of Gers. Roouemaure, a town in the dept, of Gard, feated on the W. lide of the Rhone, 6 miles X. of Avignon. . Rjriclge, Devonf. W. of Varnfcomb. Rosana, a river in the Tyrolefe, which runs into the Inn, near Landeck. Rosas, a town in Catalonia, with a good harbour, defended by a fort. It is feated near the Mediterranean, on the bay of the fame name, 22 miles NE. of G’ironne. Rosbach, a town of Sayn, in Wcft- phaliaj alfo a village in Thuringia, where, on the 5th of November, 1757, about 25,000 PruiTians, led by the king in porfon, gained a complete victory over 50,000 Frendi and Aultrians, com- manded by the prince' of Saxe Hilburg- haufen and the prince of Soubize. About 3,000 of the allies were killed, and 6,00V taken prifoners. Rosberkin , in Kilkenny, Leinfter. Roschild, an inconfiderable town of Denmark, in the lile of Zealand, with a fmall univerfity. It was once tire rc- lidence of the king of Denmark, and in the great church are feveral tombs of the kings. In 1658, a famous treaty of peace was concluded here. It is feated at the bottom of a fmall bay, among plantations of tobacco, 16 miles W. of Copenhagen. Roscommon, a county of Ireland, it o s in the province of Connaught, about 4 7 miles in length, and from V to 29 ' in breadth ; it is bounded en the E. by the counties of Leitrim, Longford, . and Meath; on the N. by Sligo and Leitrim; on the S. by Galway ; and on the \Y. by part of Galway and Mayor It is a fruitful country, and, by the help of good hufbandry, yields excellent corn. It con- tains 50 pariihes, about 17,140 houfes, and 86,000 inhabitants. Here. are fome extenfive bogs, and but few hills. The principal town is Athlone, but the alfixe- tovvn is Rofcommon. ^Roscommon, the Ihire-town of the county of Roicommon, in Connaught, 69 miles WNW. of Dublin. *Roscrea, a thriving town of Tip- perary, in M uniter, 59 miles from Dublin. RoscrOw. See Rush crow. Rose- Aker^ Lancafhire, N. of Kivkham. Row- Ash, Devonf. SE. of S. Moulton. Roseau, a town on the W. coaft of the island of Dominica. Roseburu , Northumberl. S. of Whit- clrelter, and W. of Rutehefier. Rose- Cas- tle, Cumber!, near Daiflon, on the C alder, a magnificent feat of the biihops of Carliflc. Rosebrugge, a town of Flanders county. Rosedcu, Northumberland, near Ildor- ton and Rotham. Rose gill, Weftmorl. in the parilh of Shap. Rose- Hall, Herts, SW. of King's- Langley. Rose! and, Cornwall, a fruitful vale between a creek of Falmouth Haven and Tregony. Rosenellis , in Queen’s County, Lein- Iter. Rosenfeld, a town of Wurtemburg. Roses. See Rosas. Rosetta, a town in -Egypt, called by the natives, Rasckid, founded in the 8th century. It if near two miles in length, has no ftrpets perfectly ftraight, nor any remarkable fquares, but the houfes, built with terraces, and Handing afundef, have an air of neatnefs and ele- gance. They have a great manufactory of ilriped and oilier coarfe linens ; but its chief bufinefs is the carriage of goods hence to Cairo : for all European mer- ebandife is brought hither from Alexan- dria by fea, and carried by boats to Cairo; as all the productions of Egypt are lirought to the port of Alexandria. The Europeans have their vice-confuls and factors iiere. 'I'he country to the X. has pleafant gardens, full of orange, lemon, and citron trees, and almofl all forts of fruits, with a variety of enchanting groves ROS ©f palm-trees, with flowers fcattered among them; and when the fields are green with rice, it adds greatly to the beauty of the country. The rice fown round it, is, by very rigorous laws, ap- propriated to the uie and confumption of Confiantinople only. It is feated on the weltern branch of the river Nile, 25 miles NE. of Alexandria, and 90 NNW. of Cairo. Lat. 31. 22. N. Ion. 3. 45. E. Roshach,' a town of Swi fieri and, in the territory of the abbot of St. Gall, fitu- ated near the Lake of Coniiance, 7 miles ENE. of St. Gall. Roshaan, a country of the Farther India, between Meckley and Aracan, about 120 miles in length, and 80 in breadth. Ro s i e n n e, a town of Samogitia, where the provincial diet and court of judicature are held. Rosiere, La, a fmall illand near the S W. coafi: of jerfey. Rosiers-aux-Salines, a town in the dept, of Meurthe, formerly celebrated for its falt-works. The works that king Staniflaus conftru61ed here are much ad- mired. It is feated on the river Meurthe, V miles SE. of Nancy. Rosijieton , Yorkf. between Doncafter and Bautre. Roskestall, Cornw. near the Land’s End. Roslee, in Sligo, Connaught. Roslesion , D ethyl. in the parifh of W alton-upon-Trent; Roslcy, or Rosely , (Roue, in Withington pnrifli. Roslcy - II ill, Cumh. noted for its annual fair on Whit Monday. Rosmanaher, in Clare, Munfter. Rosmamid, NE. of Hereford. Rosmo- ran, Corn w. NE. of Penzance. Rosoy, a town in the dept, of Seine and Marne, 15 miles S. ofMeaux. Ross, Efiex, in pebden and Walden pari fires. *Ross, a fine, populous, and trading town of Herefordfirire, noted in Cam- den’s time for a manufacture of iron ware, but now chiefly famous for its cyder. Here the celebrated Mr. John Kyril (Pope’s Man of Rofs)" had his refidence, and died in 1724, aged 90, with the bleffings of all, rich and poor. He con- firuCfed a fine broad ca life way, at the W. end of the town ; he alfo railed the fpire of the church upwards of 100 feet, and funk a refer voir for the ufe of the inha- bitants of the town. It is commodioufly feated on the river Wye, 12 miles SE. of Hereford, and 115 W. by N. of London, its market, which is on Thurfday, as well as its fairs, cm July 20th, Thurfday after O&otjer 10th, and Dec. lUhj are well r o s ftored with cattle, and other provifions. There is alfo a great additional market on the firftThurf. after the 1 0th of March. Ross, or Ross Carberry, a imall town of Cork, in Munfter, feated on a bay of the ocean, 20 miles SW. of Kin- fale, and 152 from Dublin. * Ross, or New Ross, a trading town of Wexford, in Leinfter, feated on the ri- ver Barrow, which is navigable for large- veffels up to the quays, and forms a fine harbour. Its principal exports are butter and beef. It has a ferry acrofs the river to Rofs-lbracan, a fmall hamlet of Kil- kenny, and is about 8 miles N. by E. of Waterford, and 67 S. by W . of Dublin. Rossal, Yorkf. on the Derwent, NW. of Wilton. Rossal, Up and Down, NW. of Shrewfburv, on the Severn. Ross a NO, a town of Calabria Citra,. with an archbifhop’s' fee. It is 3 miles from the Gulf of Venice, and 27 N. by E. of Cofenza. Rossano, a town of Calabria Ultra. R-osse, Northumberl. S. of Holy-IAand. Rosse, Yorkf. in Holdernefs, near the fea. Rosse-Hall, Lancaf. by the fea, W. of Garftang. Rossendalc, Lancaf. on the Ir~ well, E. of Blackbourne. Rossey, Sullex, between Horlham and Ifield. Ross- Island, in Killarney Lake, Mun- fter, contains about 100 acres. Ross-shire, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. by Sutherlandfhire ; on the W . by the fea ; on the S. by In- verndslhire; and on the E. by the Friths of Murray and Dornoek, and the county of Cromarry. From N. to S. it extends near 60 miles, and upwards of 70 from E. to W. The NW. part of this country is defolate and dreary, prefenting nothing to the eye hut vafl: piles of rocky moun- tains, with fummits broken, and ai'piring into every form. The E. fide feeds great numbers of black cattle, horfes, goats, and deer, has woods of fir of great extent, and is fruitful in corn and herbs. It has alio abuunance Of land and lea fowl, and is well fupplied with fifh, particularly herrings, in the extenfivc lochs and bays found on the coafrs. In the woods is the beautiful bird called Capercailzie, or Cock of the Wood; it is of a bright azure co- lour, and almoft as large as a common turkey. On the tops of the mountains, is found the ptarmigan, a fimple bird, not quite the fize of a partirdge. It is often indebted for its fafety to its grey colour, which refembles the ftones among which it lodges. In winter its colour changes to a pure white like the fnow, in which it often buries iflclf. The inhabitants of ROT [the W. and S. parts fpeak the Erfe lan- guage, which is alfo underflood on theE. coaft, where, however, Englilh is gene- rally fpoken. The principal towns are i Tain, Dingwall, and Fortrofe. The Ifland of Lewis is included in this county. Rostellan , in Cork, Munfter. Rostock, a trading town of Meck- lenburg, formerly one of the Hanfeatic f towns, with a good harbour. It is the bed: town in this country, containing 3 parifh churches, with a univerfity and fe- veral handfome public buildings. It is divided into three parts, the Old, the j New, and the Middle Town. Both the civil and criminal jurifdiblion are veiled in its own magiftracy, yet they annually pay 5 5 rix-dollars as an urbor, or origi- nal tribute to the dukes, as alfo the turn of 600 flori s, in conlidcration of the grant of an excife. It is feated on a lake near the river Varne, which carries large boats, about 3 miles from the Baltic, 12 N. of Guftrow, and 34 SW. of Stral- fund. Rostov, a town of Riiffia, in the go- vernment of Yaroilaff- *Rostrevor, a village of Down, in Ulfier, feated on Carlingford-Bay, and well defended from the feverity of the weather and open fea. At the lower end of it is a finall quay for Ihips, which ride at anchor a few yards from the (hore. Here is alfo a fait- work, and a pottery for white earthen- ware. Rota, a town of Andalufia, feated at the N. entrance of the Bay of Cadiz. | Rotenberg, a town of Lucerne, in Swillerland; alfo a town and lordlhip of Bavaria ; a town of Auftrian Suabid; a town of Verden, in Wellphalia ; two towns of Spire and Kefi’e, in the circle of tipper Rhine j a town of Magdeburg, in Lower Saxony; a town of Crofien, in Upper Saxony ; and a town in the arch- duchy of Auflria. Roth, a town of Anfpach, in Fran- conia, with manufactures of ftockings, Spanilh lace, and ftuffs ; and a river of Swa- bia, which runs into the Danube, SW. of Leipheim. Rothal- Chapel, Shroplhire, NW. of Chujrch- Stretton. Rothamstead, Hert- ordf. W, of Wheathamftead. Rothbury, a town of North umberl. feated on the river Coquet, 9 miles SW. of Alnwick, and 302 N. by W. of Lon- don. Market difeontinued. Rothby , Lincolnf. NW. of Spilfby. Rothenbukg, a town, of Lufatia, fituated on the Neifle ; a town and terri- tory of Franconia, near the Tauber; and a Iowa of Magdeburg,, in Lower Saxony, ROT RoTHENFELS, a town of Wurzburg, in Franconia, fituated on the Maine; and a caftle and county in Swabia. Rolher, a river which rifes in Sufi ex, forms the boundary between that county and Kent, for a Ihort fpace, and then en- ters the Englilh Channel at Rye. Rot her , a river of Derbylhire and Yorklhire, which runs into the Don at Rotherham. Rotherham, a neat town in the W. Riding of Yorkf. with a large iron ma- nufadlure, for which it was famous, even in Leland’s time. It is feated on the ri- ver Don, at its conflux with the Rother, . 6 miles NE. of Sheffield, and 160 N. by W. of London. Market on Mon- day. Fairs on Whitmonday and Dec. ifr. Rolher as, near Hereford. Rother - bridge, Sjifiex, N. of Battel. Rotherbu , Leicef. VI . of Melton- Mowbray. Ro- therjield, Suflex, at the fource of the Ro- ther, NW . of Burwalh-Downs. Rolher - field. Greys and Peppard, Oxfordf. near Henlcy-upon-Thames. Rolherston, Chef. :n W . of Knottesford. Rotherwick, Hants, W . of Hartley-Row. Roths ay, a town of Scotland, capital of the Me of Bute, fituated on the NE. coalt of the ifland, with an excellent har- bour and pier. Here is an ancient caftle, once a royal relidence, which gives the title of duke to the Prince of Wales, as it long did, before the union, to the heirs apparent of the crown of Scotland. It is 70 miles W. of Edinburgh. Rothwell, or Rowell, a town of Northamptonlhire, chiefly noted for its fine market- houfe. It is feated on the fide of a rocky hill, plentifully fupplied with fprings of pure water, 15 miles NNE. of Northampton, and 79 NW. of London. Market on Monday, and a noted horfe-fair on Trinitv-Monday. Rothwell, Lincolnf. S\Y. of Thongcaf- ter. Rothwell, Yorkf. between Wakefield and Leeds, Rotington, Cumb. N. of St. Bees, near the Blurt promontory, or great cliff, called St. Bees Head. It abounds with feveral forts of fea fowl ; plenty of excellent famphirc grows here. Rotterdam, a city and . . celebrated fea- port of Holland, next to Amffcrdara the moll considerable place in the United Provinces, for fize, the beauty of its buildings, trade, and opulence. There are lb many fine deep canals here, that the largell Ihips may conveniently unload at the very doors of the warehouses. The to wn is governed by a regency, confining of 24 counfellors, out of which are elect- ed 4 burgomaltcrs, a grand bailly, and 7 echevins. It is more frequented by the Britith 11 o u Britifti merchants than Amfterdam, be- ta ufe the ice goes away fooner, and a An- gle tide, in two or three hours, will carry a veil'd out into the open fea. The prin- cipal public buildings are, the town- houfe, the bank, the Eaft and Weft- India Houfes, the arfenal, and the College of Admiralty. On the eaft fide of the city is a large bafon and dock, for building and launching vcft'els employed in the fcr- vice of the' Admiralty, and the Eaft- India Company. Here is an Engl i ill Prefbyte- rian church, which being of the eftablilh- eu religion, the 'minifter is paid by tlie States; and, which, is not the cafe with the Prefbyierians in England and Scot- land, they make ufe of an organ. Here is alfo an Englilh epifcopal church, whole miniftcr' is paid partly by a falary from the Englifh government, and- partly by a* fubfeription of the congregation. Some of the houfes are built in the old Spanilh ftyle, with the gable ends embattled in front ; but there is a confiderable number of modern brick houfes, which are very lofty and. fpaciohs, particularly on that magnificent quay called the Bomb-Tecs. On this quay is a handfome Jcwifh fyna- gogue. The ftatuc of Erafmus, in bronze, Hands in an open plate, at the head of one of the. canals; and in a mar- row ftreet, leading from the ftatue to the great church, is (till Ihown the houfe in which he was born, with an infeription in front, to his honour. Rotterdam is feated on the river Hotter, at its confluence with the Maefe, 13 miles S. of the Hague, and SO SSW. of Amfterdam. Lat. 51. 55. N. Ion. 4. 26. E. 1 Rotterdam, or Anamooka, one of the Friendly Blands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, difeovered by Tafinan in 1643. Lat. 20. 15. S. Ion. 174.35. W. Rotterstridge, Stall', near Petworth. Rot- tiugdean , Sulfcx, pileafimtly fituated on the coaft, 4 miles from Brighton, and much reforted to oflatey from its increaf- ing accommodations for fea- bathing. Rotweil, an imper al city in Suabia, fituated on the Ncckar, 44 miles SSW. of Stuttgard. The inhabitants are mollly Roman Catholics. Roubirie, Northumberland, in Wark- worth manor: had formerly a market. RryCeby, A . and S\ Lincolnlhire, W. of Sleaford. Rovefy , or Rothdey , Nortli- umbcrland, NW. of Morpeth. Rouen, a city, the capital of the dept, of Lower Seine, before the revolution, the capital of Normandy, and the fee of an archbilhop. It contains upwards of 7000 houfes, and 36 parilh churches. The KOU ft reets, however, are narrow, crooked, and dirty, and the houles are moftly of wood. \ Notwithftanding this difagreeable appear- . arice, it is one of the moft 'opulent, com- v mercial, and important places in France.® It is 2 leagues and a half in circuit; and (its fix fuburbs included) is computed to ' contain 73,000 inhabitants. The princi- y pal public buildings arc, the Great Hall of r ii the Palace, in yvhich the late Parliament of Rouen met; theOldCaftle; and the prill- ; crpal church, near which is a public library, y In the market place is a ftatue of the cele- • brated Maid of Orleans, who was burnt here, by the Englifh, for a witch. The linens of Rouen, particularly what are called the Siamoise, are mu cl) efteemed. There are alfo manufactures of cloth, and ' a manufactory of oil of vitriol, the only one in France. The fuburb of St. Syver, fituated on the other fide of the Seine, communicates with the city by a bridge of boats, which rifes and falls with the' ■ t i d v- , and is made to open fio as to admit the paiiage of fhips. This bridge is paved, c and is 270 paces long. Rouen is feated on ' < the river Seine, 50 miles SW. of Amiens, >. and 70 NW. of Paris. Lat. 49. 27. N*. 1. Ion. 1. 10. E. Rover E, a town in the Trevifart. ? Rover edo, a town in the Tyrolefe, ; with a confiderable trade in fine filk. Rouergue, a ci-devant province of : France, 75 miles in length, and &0 in 1 breadth ; not very fertile, but producing much wood, feeding a number of cattle j-l and having mines of copper, iron, alum, | vitriol, and fulpliur. It now forms the? 1 department of Avciron. Rougham, Lancafhire, near Cartmcl. j * Rougham, Norf; NE. of Caftle-Acre. v Rougham , Suffolk, 4 miles E. of Bury. ; Rough bar row , Hie of Wight, in \V Me- dina. Rough-Hedge, Effex, S. of Col- chefter. Roughlou, Lincolnf. S. ofHorn- caftle. Roughion, Norfolk, S. of Cromer. Rough fy ^Bridge and River, in Kerry, Mu after; the latter runs into the Ken, mare. Rovigno, a town of fftria, with good harbours, and quarries of fine ftone. It is feated in a territory which produces ex- cellent wine, 32 miles S. of Capo d'lftria, Rovigo, a town of Jtaly, the capital of Polefine-de- Rovigo, feated on the ri- ver. Adigetto, 37 miles SW. of Venice $ alfo a x town in the V icentin, fituated on ! the Adige. Roulston, Nottingh..by theTrent, SW. | of Newark. Round m - Passage; Somer- fetf. over the Avon, to the Briftol liot- M ells. RvundattoU) Shropf. NW. of ; Bridgenortl^ R © W ROY Bridgenorth. Roundway, or Roundaway, Wilts, E. of Devizes. Adjoining this village, are Houndway Downs, remarka- ble for a battle fought between the Par- liamentarians and Charles I- They are alfo noted for the variety and extenflve- nefs of their views. Rousby, Yorklhire, N. Riding, W. ofMulgrave Caftle. Rouse- lench, Worcefterlhire, between Perfliore and Alchefter, Rousselaer, a town in the late Flanders County, 10 miles NE. of Y pres. Roussillon, a ci-devant province of France, having Languedoc on the N. Ca- talonia on the S. and the Mediterranean on the E. It is about 50 miles in length, and 36 in breadth, and n®w forms the de- partment of the Eaftern Pyrenees. Router , Derbylhire, in the.Jdigh Peak, Rowan, a town of N. Carolina. Rowbarrozc, Somerfctf. N. of Ax- bridge. Rozi'cester , Staffordf. NE. of F 7 ttoxeter, near the conflux of the Dove and Churnel. Row cliff, Cumberland, at the mouth of the Eden. Rowcliff, Weft- jnorland, near Kendal. Rowd , or Row- don, W ilts, near Chippenham. Rowdant, Suflex, W. of Eaft Grinfted. Rondel, Suf- fex, near Wafhington. Rowdham , Nor- folk, NE. of Thetford. Row, East, \ orkf. near Whitby. Rowel, or Roell, Gloucef. a hamlet to Bawling. Rowen, a town of Chrudim, in Bohe- mia. Rowensko, a town of Boleflaw, in Bohemia. Rowsley, Derbyf. in the High Peak, E. of Bakewell. Rowinton, Warwickf. SW. of \\ roxhall Park. Rowland, Derbyf. in the High Peak, SE. of Tiddefwell. Row- land- Castle, Bants, Rowley, Durham, W . of Lanchefter. Rowley , Staffordf. N. of Hales-Owen. Rowley, Yorkf. SW. of Beverley. Rowley-Green , Herts, be- tween Elftree and Barnet. Rowley -Park , Staffordfhire, S. of Paget’s Bromley. Rowley Regis, Staffordfhire, near Dudley- Caftle. Rowlston, near Hereford. Rowl- stun, NW. of Hallaton. Rowlston, V orkf. in Boldernefs. Rowlright, Great and Little, Oxfordfhire, N. and NW. of Chipping-Norton. Rowjidl, StafFordf. S. or Cheadle. Rownd-Alne, Warwickf. NE. of Alcefter. Rozciter, Hants, be- tween Titchfielcl and Gofport. Rowney , Somerf. near Taunton. Rozvsham, Bucks, NE. of Aylefbury. Row sham, Dorfetf. E. of Beminfter,- Rnwsham, Oxfordf. on the Cherwell, bv Steeple- Afton. Row- ston, Sb. of Lincoln. Rowston, T orkf. in Boldernefs. Rozeth, Yorkf. iu the N. tail: wick of Holdcrntf? Rywthorp , D.er- byf. NW. of Mansfield. Rowton, near Chefier. Rowton, Shropf. S, of Shefnal. Rowton, Shropf. NE. of Bridgenorth. Rowton-Castle , SW. of Shrewfbury, near the Severn. Rowtore , Cornwall. SW. of Camelford. Row Urcot , Glouc. near Al- vefton. Roxal, life of Wight, in E. Ma- dina. Roxall, NW. of Warwick. Roxburghshire, a county of Scot- land, fometimes called Teviotdale, and containing the diftridts of Teviotdale, Liddefdale, Eufdale, and Efkdale. It is bounded on the N by Berwickfhire, on the E. and S. by theEngliih counties of Nor- thumberland and Cumberland, and on the W . by the (hires of Dumfries and Selkirk. From N. to S. it extends near 30 miles, and about 18 from E. to W. The prin- cipal rivers are the Tweed, Teviot, and Lid del : the principal mountains are thofe called the Cockraw, whence a range of high^ hills run weftward, dividing Scot- land from England, in many places im- paflable. The face of the country exhi- bits a rough, irregular appearance of mof- fes, hills, and mountains, interfperfed with narrow vallies, well watered, and fertile in corn and oats. The hills, however, feed great numbers of (heep and cattle. On its borders were the famous Battle , Battable, or Debat.eable La?ids, claimed by the borderers of both nations. The principal towns are Jedburgh, Kelfo, Hawick, Melrofs, and Roxburgh, which laft town, with its caftle, is fituated near theTeviot, 19 milesSW. of Berwick, and 32 SE. of Edinburgh. R.oxby , Lincolnlh- E. of Burton-upon- Trent. Roxby , Lincolnfhire, near Pick- ering. Roxcester. See Wroxeter. Roxent, or Roca, Cape, called by the Englifh feamen the Rock of Lis- bon, a mountainous promontory in Por- tugal, at the entrance of the river Taj o, 22 miles W. of Lilbon. Lat. 38. 35. N, Ion. 9. 35. W. Roxey, Middiefex, near Ilarrovy. Rox- jord, near Hertford. Roxham, Lincoln- fhire, near Sleaford. Roxton, E. of Bed- ford. Roxweil, Eilex, nearWrittle. Royal-Oak, in Carlow, Leinfter. Royalton, Cornw. near Columb Parva. Roy an, a town in the department of Lower Charente, formerly very large, but now almoft in ruins, it is feated at the ,mouth of the river Garounne, 18 miles SW. of Saintes. Roycross, Cumberland, on Stainmore. Roy don, Eliex, SW. of Harlow, on the river Storb Roydon, Eliex, near Harwich* R''.;don, Elite, between Radwintcr and T t Stiftcd. 11 U D RUF Stifled. Hoyden, Norfolk, near Difs. lloydon , Norfolk, in the Marik Land. Hoy don, Suffolk, near Southwold. Hoy- don, Suffolk, SR. of Hadley. Roydun- IJall, Kent, S. of Mailing-. Royes, a town in the department of Somme, where fome mineral -waters were difeovered a few years ago. It is 24 jniles SE. of Amiens, and GO N. by E. of Paris. Roycs-Hall, Effex, N. of Halfled. *Royston, a pretty con fiderable town of Hertfordfhire, part of which, however, is fituated in Cambridgefhire. It has very good inns, and is become more po- pulous of late, on fixing the poll road through it, which, before, ran through Lark way to Bigglefwade. In a cavern under the market-place is an ancient fubterranean chapel, difeovered a few years ago, and fuppofed to be of Saxon conltrudiion . 1 1 had been dug out of the chalky rock, amf the entrance was at the top. Hoyflon has given its name to a fpecies of crow, called the Hooded or Grey Crow ; a bird of paffage, with fome white on the breaft and wings, that ap- pears in this neighbourhood, and on the whole eaftern coaft. It is 22 miles S. by E. of Huntingdon, ant) 37 N. of London. A confiderable market for barley, malt. See. on \\ ednefday. Royston, Yorkfhire, NE. of Barnefley. Fly/on, Kent, near Lenham. Roylon, Lancafhire, on the Irk, SE. of Rochdale. J l nab an, IXnbigblhire, in North Wales. Ruan , Cornw. SW. of Great Columb. Jinan, Great and Little , Cornw* near the Lizard -Point-. Jinan Lanithorn , Cornw. 3 miles from Tregony. Rnardine, Clone, in the Foreft of Dean. Huatan, or Rattan, an ifland in the Bay of Honduras, producing log- wood ; it is about 30 miles in length, and 12 in breadth, and has a harbour ca- pable of containing a large fleet oflhips. ibis furrounded, however, with rocks and ihoals. Lat. 16. 20. N. Ion. 90. W. Rueiera, a town of Modena. Rucking , Kent, 5 miles NVV r . of New- Rumhey. Ruckland, Lincolnfhire, NE. of Horncaftle. Rudby, Yorkf. S\Y. of Stokelley. Ruddington, S. of Notting- ham, half a mile \V. of Flawford. Ruddle, Gloucef. in Newnham parifh. Ruden, a fmall ifland, with a caflle, on the ( coaft of Pomerania, near the Ifland of Die. It was formerly much larger, as, in t lie year 1264, it had two church villages, called Ruden andCarvcn. Rudcst-ET, a town of Erfurt, Upper Saxony. Rudisheim, a town of Mentz. Rudjen, Warwickfhire, W. of Coven- try. Rudford , 4 miles NW. of Glou.- ceflcr. Rndgzcay, Cornwall, SE. of St, Ives. Rndgtc'ick, Suiiex, W. of Ilor- fham. Rudhall, TIerefordfhire, near Rols. Rudhavi . E. and IV. Norfolk, near Houghtpn-IIall. Rudheath, Chefhire, ; near Northwich. Rudiard, Stafford!. NW. of Leek. Rudkiobing, a fea-port on the W» coaft of the Ifland of Langelam*!, in Denmark. Rudlam, Flintf. in N. Wales. Rud- land, or Ridland, a river in Northumber- land, which ruiiA. into the Coquet, be- }. low Horklugh. Rudolfwerd, a town of Carniola. Rudolstadt, a town of Schwartz- | burg Rudolfladt, in L'pper Saxony. Rudow, or Rudaw, a town of Sam- ^ land, tin Prufiia. In the neighbourhood many ancient monuments of Pagan ido- latry are flill to be feen. It is alfo re- . markable for a victory gained here by . the knights of the Teutonic order, in’ ' 1370, over Kingftud, great duke of Li- ' thuania; in memory of which a floneb pillar was eredled, in a field near Tran- 1 fan, which is flill remaining. It is 12 r miles NNW. of Konigfberg. Alfo a town of Natangen, in Prufiia. Rudston, Yorkfhire, NE. of Kilham. v Rue, a river in Montgomery (hire, which runs into the Severn near Berrue, about 3 ; miles S. Qf Welfhpool. Ritedock , a river , in Merionethfhire, which runs into thej] Dee, near a fmall village called alfo Rue-; ; dock, about a mile E. of Bala. Rue - Hill, Kent, near Wilmington. Ruerdean, Gloucefterfhire, 2 miles SWT of Mitchei Dean. Ruffach, a town in the dept, of Upper Rhine, 7 miles S. of Colmar. Ruffec, a town in the department of Charente, 24 miles N. of An- gouleme. Ruffins Hall, Kent, near Aldington. Ruffiord, Nottinghamf. NE. of Mans- field, on the river Maun. Ruffiord , Y orkf. between Wethcrby and York ; wheie formerly was an abbey, but late the feat of Sir George Saville. Riffiord- Chapel, Lancaf. between Marton-Mere and the river Dowles. Rufisco, (by corruption from Rio Fresco, a name given by the Portu- giiefe,) a town of Kay or, in Africa, fitu- ated on the fea-coaft. It carries on a con- iidcrable trade with the Europeans, in flaves, fkins, gum, ivory, cotton, indigo* ofuich feathers, See. Rugaulyvt R U M I Ruganlyn, Shropf. SW. of Biihop’s- I Cattle’. •Rugby, a large town of Warwick- shire, chiefly rioted for its free-fchool, and for the great 'number of butchers in lit. It is Unrated on the S. liclc of the Avon, near a navigable canal, by which it communicates with all the various [ramifications of the Grand Canal, 10 miles ESE. of Coventry, and 85 NNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Rugeley, a handfome, well-built town of Stafrordfhire, being a conjider- jablc thoroughfare on the road from Lon- jdon to Lancafhire and Chefhire. It is jfituated on a navigable canal, near the river Trent, by which it communicates with all the late inland navigations, 6' miles NW. of Litchfield and 126 NW. 3t London. Market on Tucfday. Rugen, an ifland on the coaft of Po nerania, oppofite Stralfund, about 23 niles in length, arid 15 in breadth. It contains 27 parilhes, and abounds in corn md cattle. The chief town is Bergen, he ancient name of which was Gora, ituated in the centre of the ifland, where he tribunals of Swedifh Pomerania are ield, in 3at. 54. 23. N. and Ion. 13. io. E. Rugen wald, a town of Further Po- ncrania, the chief place of the duchy of Venden. It is feated on the river Wip- >er, 8 miles from the Baltic, and 35 NNE. »f Colberg. Ruggeley, Northumb. near Alnwick. luggezew /, or Ridgeway, Gloucefterf. n Mangotsfield- . i Ruggsborough , in Cork, Munfter. I Ruishton , Somerfetfh. Ruitun, Hants. V.ulehall, and Rukha.il , Upper and Lower , Stafford!, near Gr.o flail. Rumbaldkirk, ;'orkf. on the Tecs. NW. of Barnard- faftle, near a moor or common of the lime name. Rumelia, the name given by the urks to Romania, and fometimes to all leir European dominions. •Rumford, a great thoroughfare »wn in Eflex, in the road to Bury and iolcfiefter. It is a hamlet to the parilh Hornchurch, and is 17 miles VV SW. Chelmsford, and 12 ENE. of London, farkets on Monday for hogs, on Tuef- y for fheep and lambs, and on Wednef- y for com and provifions. Rumj'orth , Dorfetf. SE. of Cranborn. Rumilly, a town in the department Mont Blanc, 7 miles WsW. of nnecy. Ru M PNE Y, or Rh Y NE y . See R e m- . Y. R U P •Rum shy, a pretty large ol ! town yi Hampfliire, with a manufactory of fhal- loons and lacking, fome trade in beer, and leveral paper and corn mills in its vicinity. I he S^xon king Edward and his ion Alfred were bur.ed in the' old church here. It is fituated On the river Tees, or 'left, in the read from Salisbury to Southampton ; 8 miles NNW. of Southampton, and 74 W. by S. of ’Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Rumwell, Eifex, NW. of Rayleigh. Rumwood , Nottinghamfhire, in Sher- wood-bored. 'Runcion, E. and IV. Yorkf. S. of Yarum. Runjold , Surry, NE. of Farnham. Rung ton. North', Norfolk, N. of Sechy. Rung ton, South, Norfolk, N. of Downham. Rimhall, Norfolk, NE. of Hingham. Rimh'am, Norfolk, NW . of \ arinouth. Runkel, a town of Wicd Uunkel, in Weftphalia, fituated on the Lahti. Runington, Northumb. SW. of Dun* flaburgh-Callle. Runkhorn, Chefhire, near the mouth of the Mcrlcy. Runnymead, a celebrated mead, neat Egham, in Surry, where king John, attrighted by the great army of the ba- rons, who met him here, was compelled to fign Magna Charta and Chart 'a de Foresla. It is now divided into leveral incloliires. See Wraysbury , Runswick , Yorkfhire, a fifhing town, 5 miles NW. of Whitby. Rumthwate , Weftmorland, NW. of LowgiU. Bun- ion, Norfolk, near Cromer. Runt on , So m erf. W. of Wellington. Ruuton , E. and IV. near Durham. Run Ion, !A r . Norfolk, near Lynn. Rimwell, Somer- fetf. between Taunton and Wellington. Runwich , Gloucefterf. NW. of Stroud. Runwich , alias Dipndl, Surry, NW. of Farnham. Rupee, a river of Brabant, formed by the union of the Senne, the JDcmer, and, the Dyle. It runs from E. to W. and falls into the Scheld at Rupelmondc. Ru pel monde, a town of Flanders, in the county of Waes, feated on the river Scheld, oppofite the mouth of the river Rupe], 8 miles SSW. of Antwerp. Rupert, a town of Vermont. Rupert, Fort, an Englifh fcftle- ment on the E. fide of the bottom of Iludfon’s Bay. Lot. 51. 3. N. Ion. 78. 55. W. Ruppin, or Rapin', a town, capital of a duchy in the Middle Marche of Brandenburg. Jt jo divided into the Old and the New. The Old wa> no- thing but an ancient caftle, well fur- riifhedj the late king of Pruflin,,, before T 1 2 / Iris R U S R U S his father’s death, refiding there. New Rupin has gradually become a place-of confiderable trade ; it has a manufactory of cloth, and is alfo noted for brewers. It is feated on a lake, 30 miles NNW. of Berlin. Ru RE MONDE, 01 -Roe RMONDE, a town of Upper Guelderland, feated near the confluence of the rivers Maefe and Roer, 12 miles S. of Venloe. It was taken by the aides under the Duke of Marlbo- rough, in 1702, and given up by the Dutch to the emperor, in 1716. Rusale, Norfolk, NW. of Harlefton. Ruscomb , Ruscomb N orbury , and Ruscomb —withbury, Berkf. near Billingbear, and kk. of Sunning. Ruseland, Lancafhire, near the river Foffe, and Fotmiefs- Fells. Rush, a pretty large fifhing-town, in Dublin, Leinftor, 13 miles from the me- tropolis. 1 he ling cured here, and vvhich is exported to foreign parts, has long been celebrated for its fuperiorflavour. Rush a/ 1, Staftordfhire, N of Walfal. Rushal, Wilts, 4 miles from Netherhaven. Rusham , Norfolk, N. of Caff le- Acre. Rushbrook, Suffolk, SE. of Bury. Rush - bury, Shropf. near Bridgenorth. Rush- cdrack, Cornwall, E. of Radii© w- Haven. Rushcrow, or Roscrow , Cornw. NW. of Penryn. Rushden , Hertfordf. NW. 'of Buntingford. Rushden , Northamptonf. a mile from High-Ferrers. Rusheen , in Kerry, Munfter. Rushjord, or Rushzcorth, Norfolk, SW. of Eafl-Harling. Rushjorth, or Rush- 'worth, Yorkf. NW. of Bradford, Rushin, a town in the Ifle of Man, called alfo Callletown, and anciently So dor. Rusbmere, Suffolk, NE. of Ipfwich. Rushniere , Suffolk, SE. of Beccles. Rushoc/c , Worcef. SE. of Kiddcrminlter. Rushpark , Yorkf. W. Riding, NE. of Sherborn. Rushpit-W cod, Rutland, E. of the Vato of Catmofs. Rush/on, Chef, near Terperley. Rushton, Chdhire, NE. of Congleton. Rushton, Dorletf. near Holmhridge, a hamlet to. Worgret, near W ar chain. Rushton , Dortoit. E. of Blandford. Rushtou, Lancaf. NE. of Blackburn. Rus}ito\i, N or 1 1 ki in p t on f. by Pipwell. Ru'htQn, James' and Spencer, Staffordf. NW. of ISfarbrook. Rush- * north, Yorkf. SW. of Whitby. Raskins, Buckinghamf. by Colebrook. Rusky Bridge, in Leitrim, Connaught. Rasper, Suflex, near Darking and Hor- fham. Russel, Rustnal , or Rustisal, Wilt— (hire, near Upbnven. Russel- Funn, lievt- forrlfhire, near Watford. Uuswlu'oud, in Kildare, Leinftor. Rusthall, Kent, near Tun bridge Wells. Russia, a large empire, partly in Alia, and partly in Europe, bounded on the N. by the Frozen Ocean ; on the S. by Great I artary, the Cafpian Sea, and Per- lia ; on the E. by tire N. Pacific Ocean ; and on the W. by Sweden, Poland, and Lapland. There were three countries that had the name of Ruffa ; namely. Red Ruflia ; White Ruff a, which compre- £ hends Lithuania; and Black Ruffia, which cemprehends the governments of Kaluga, Mofcow, Tula, Rezan, Voledimir, and , Yarofbf ; and lienee his imperial majefty takes the title of emperor of all the Ruffias. This empire, exclufive of the late acquifitions from the Turks and from Poland, may be likened to an oblong fquare, whole longeft fides are about 2000 miles each. Thefeasof Ruflia are, the Baltic, the White Sea, the Frozen Ocean, the Black Sea, and the Cafpian Sea. There are alio five large rivers, namely, the Dnieper, Volga, Don, .Duna, or Dwina, and Oby. A country of fuch ' vaft extent muft lie in different climates, and the foil inuft be as different. The moft fertile part is near the frontiers of Poland ; intomuch thatthe inhabitants are able to fupply their neighbours with corn; the N. part is not only more cold, but very marfhy, and over- run with forefts* inhabited chiefly by wild beafts. Befide .domeftic animals, there are wild beeves, rein-deer, martens, white and black foxes, weafels, ermins, and fables, whofe fkins make the beft furs in the world. They had very few vines here before Peter the Great caufed them to be planted in dif- ferent places. In Ruflia are large quan- tities of cotton and filk, with which they make, the various forts Of fluffs ; fkins, furs, Ruflia leather, talc, tallow, hemp, Ruffia cloth, honey, wax, and al- moft all the merchandifes of China, In- dia, Perfia, Turkey, and tome European countries. This vaft empire has been divided by the late emprefs, into 42 go- vernments; namelv, Peterfburgh, Olo- netz, Wiburgh, Revel, Riga, Pfkof, Novogorod, Tver, Smolenfko, Polotfk, Mohilef, Orel, Kaluga, Mofcow, Tula, Rezan, Volodimir, Yaroflaf, Vologda, Archangel. Koftroma, Nifhnei Novogo- rod, Kafan, Simbirik, Penza, Tambof, Vovonetz, Kurfk, Novogorod- Severikoi, Tchernigof, Kiof, Kharkof, Catharinen- flaf, CaucaTus, Saratof, Ufa, Viatka, Perm, Tobolfk, Kolyvan, Irkutzk, and die country of the Coffacks. The in- habitants, in general, are robufl, great eaters, and fond of brandy. They ufe bathing R U S hi thing, but fmoke no tobacco, left the I fmoke fhoulddifhonour the images of the faints, which they have in great vene- ration ; however, they take a great deal of fnuff, made of the tobacco brought from the Ukraine. They were formerly accounted the rudeft, and molt ignorant people in the world, and many of them are now little better. Formerly no Ruf- fians were feen in other countries, and they lei do m- or never lent ambaii'adors to foreign courts ; but now they are more I polite, and ftudy the interefts of different nations. They had no {hips of war, or merchandife, before the reign of Peter i * but in the prefent reign, powerful Ruffian fquadrons have appeared, not only in the Baltic, but in the Black Sea, and in the I Mediterranean. They have images m ; their churches ; and the priefts give a ; paffiport to thofe that are dying, addrefled to St. Nicholas, who is defired to entreat St. Peter to open the gates of heaven, as i they have certified that the bearer is a i good Chriltian. The church is governed | by a patriarch, under whom are the arch - bifhops and bifhops. Every prieft is [ called a papa , or pope, of whom there were 4000 in Mofcow only, formerly he was thought a learned man who could read and write ; but Peter undertook to introduce arts and fciences, and, in 1724, [ the firft univerfity was founded that ever i was in Ruffia ; and there is alfo an aca- demy of fciences at Peterfburgh, fupplied with, eminent profefl'ors. With refpedf to djrefs, a long beard is in high eftimation with the people of Ruffia, notwithstand- ing the efforts of their monarchs to root it out; and it is only thofe depending npbn government, in the army and navy, w r ho have yet complied with the cuftom and the wifh of the court, i hofe who retain their beards, retain likewile the ancient drefs 3 the long' Twaddling coat, cither of fkins, or of coarfe cloth lined -with Heins; in winter, and in fummer, of cloth only. About their middle they have a fafh of any colour; but what they molt affect, is green or yellow. They wear trowfers inftead of breeches and ftockings ; their limbs are, be (ides, wrap- ped in many folds of woollen fluffs to keep them warm, and above all they wear boots. Their Hurts are fafhioned as women’s, and their necks expofed to the cold, have become very hard and impenetrable, from this practice. Go- vernment continue to exert et^ry nerve to compel their fubjecfs to adopt tbeGer- nwn drefs. The clergy alone excepted, pope can procure any place, or muft ex- RUS pe£l any favour from court, upon other condition than banifhing the Aliatic fheep fkin robes. The drefs of the wo- men is the reverfe of the men, both in fafhion and colour ; every part of it being as lhort and tight as decency will allow, and very gaudy. It is exactly the ft me with that of the Highland women in Scotland ; both have the ffiort jacket, the ftriped petticoat, and the tartan plaid ; and both too, in general, have a napkin rolled about their head. The Ruffian women are, however, far more rich in their attire ; nor is gold lade want- ing, any more than the art of painting, to complete the Ruffian belle. The young generation are modernizing thefe antique veftments; the ftiff embroidered napkin is lupplanted by one of flowing filk ; the jacket and petticoat are of muffin, or other fine {tuffs ; and the plaid is exchanged for a filk or fatin cioak, in the cold fcafon, lined with fur. 1 he richer clafs of females wear velvet boots. The drefs of the higher ranks is after the French and Englifh fafhion ; and all muft have a covering of" fur fix months of the year. Thus equipped, the prince and the peafant ate hurled in their chaifes and fledges through the dreary Scythian winter. The fove- reigns of Ruffia are abfolute. They were formerly, called Grand Dukes, which is Hill the title of the heir apparent. They afterward aftumed the title of czar, and, in the fequel, that of emperor.' The natives pronounce the word czar, like tzar , or zuar, and this, probably, bv cor- ruption, from Caefar, or emperor; from fome fancied relation to the Roman em- perors ; on account of which they alfo bear the eagle as a fymbol of their em- pire. 1 lie firft who aflumed the title of czar , was Raul, fon of Bafilides, who freed his country from its fubjcdlion to the Tartars, about the year 14 70. Russia, Red, or Little. See Red Russia. Russia White. See White Russia. Ruslingtt ■?/, Suffex, near Brighthc.lm- ffone. Hus ton, Norfolk, W. of Weft Dereham- Huston, Yorkf. by Pickering- Foreft, Rustem, East, Norfolk, between Walpole and the fea. Rust on, Parva, Yorkfhire, near Kilham. Rut Chester, Nortliumb. . NW. of Chollerton, the Vindobala of the Romans. Sevcrus’ wall runs on the middle of the E, rampart, and Adrian’s vallum pafles the dillance of a chain 10 the S. of it. This fort was once very confiderable, and the ruins are ftill remarkable, T t 4 'Rutiierclem , R Y A Rtn HER° L Ey, a town of Lanerkflfire, 2 miles SE. of Glafgow. *Ruthin, a well- inhabited town of Denbighfhire, noted for a large hofpital, a free-fchool, the ruins of a large cattle, and the heft market in the vale. It is feated on the river Cluyd, 15 miles SW. of Holywell, and 206 NW. of London. Market on Monday. Rutigliano, a town of Bari, Naples. Rutlam, a town of Malwa, in Hin- dooftan . Rutland , in Queen's County, Leinttcr. Rutland, in Donegal, Ulfter. Rutland, the final teft county of England, about 1 5 miles in length," and 11 in breadth. Tt is fuppofed to have received its name from the red colour of the foil, which, in fome parts, is a fort of ruddle, Raining the fleeces of the fhcep. It is bounded on the W. by Leicetterlhire ; on the N. by Lincoln- shire,^ and part of Leicetterlhire j and on the E. andSE.by LincolnfhireandNorth- amptonfhire. U is divided into 5 hun- dreds, which contain .2 marjket- towns, 53 pnrilhes, about 3260 houfes, and .20,000 inhabitants. The air is very good, and the foil, in general, fertile, yet very various ; producing excellent corn, and feeding a great number of cattle and Sheep. The principal rivers are the Wel- land and the Guaih, or Wafh, hefides which, it is extremely well watered by a number of final! rivers and brooks, which fall into them, and which afford plenty of excellent fifh. Oakham is the county town. 7 Rutland, a. town of Malfichufetts, a town and county of Vermont, and a final! i.fiaud, with a village, near the W. coafi: of Donegal, in Lifter. Lat. 54 58. N. Ruttunfour, a city, capital of a territory of Hindoottan, in Orifla, the refidence of one of the Wettern Mahratta chiefs. Lat. 22. 16. N. Ion. 82. 36 . E. Ruvo, a town of Bari, in Naples. Ruza, a town of Mofcow, in Ruttia 43 lpdcs WNW. of Mofcow. Rj/ader, a river in Montgomeryshire, which riles, however, in Denbighshire, but runs into the Tanot, near Llanyader* on the borders of Montgomeryshire. Ryal, ('i Ri/chall, Rutland, N YV . of Stamford. Rydul, Yorkf. N. Riding, a fruitful vale,’ with above 20 churches, and between Hovingham, Hclmlley, and Kiyby-More- fide. it is lo Called from the river Rye, Rhy, Ridale, or Rifdale, which pafles through if, and which runs into the Swale, near Richmond. R Y E Loch, a lake of Scotland, at the IS w. angle of Wigtonfhire. The lea flows into it through a narrow pafs; and it was formerly crowded, in the fea- fon, with fhoals of herrings, that have for the prefent deferted it. Rydale, a river of Cardiganfhirc, which runs into the Irilh Channel, near Aberyftwitb. j Rydal- Water, a lake of Weftmor- land, a little to the W. of Amblefide- It is about one mile in length, fpotted with little iflands, and communicates by' a nar- row channel, with Grafmere- Water to the W. apd by the river Rothay, with Wm- dermere-Water to the S. Rye, a town of New-York. Rye, a reduced town of N. Jutland. *Rye, a handfome, well-built, and po- pulous town in Suflex, an appendage to the Cinque Port of Haftings. Its port, however, had been Iona fo choked up with fand, that it could only admit final! velfels. I his inconvenience was reme- . died by an acf of parliament, in 1761, and the harbour reftored, by letting the lea and tides through a canal up to Win- ^ chelfea YV all, fo that veflels of 800 tons . burden may now ride here vyith fafety and f eafe. Itexports corn, malt, hops, timber, | and wool; as alio kettles, cannoVi, chimney- *' backs, &c. from the iron- works at Bakeley, 4 miles to the NW. and at Breed : and its flfhermen fend confiderable fupplies of • foies, turbot, plaice, &c. to the London markets. It is fituated on the edge of a j cliff (where a modern battery has been* planted to annoy privateers) at the mouth J of the Rother, with a delightful profpedi j of the fca, 34 miles SE. by S. of d un- V bridge, and 63 SE. by S. of London. I Markets on Wednesday and Saturday. :I Rye, or Ree, Plerts, near Hodfdon. *Ryegate, a town in Surry, with a - market-houfe, which was formerly a .cha- / pel dedicated to Thomas a Becket. It had alfo formerly a cattle, called Hofm- Caftle, built in the time of the Saxons, jf fome ruins of which arc ttill to beYeen ; ' Y particularly a long vault, with a room at the end, large enough to hold .500 per- ■ Ions, where (according to tradition) the barons, who took up arms ngainft King John, held their private meetings. The neighbourhood abounds with fullers- earth and medicinal plants. It is charm- ingly fituated in the vale of Holmfdalc, 16 miles E. of Guilford, and 21 S. of > London. Market on Tuefday, and a monthly one on Wednefday. Ry eland, Gloucef. in Dim mock pavifh. Ryellhy Shropf. W. of Bilhop’s-Caftlei Ryersh) R Y S Tiy-rsh, Kent, liy the Medway., a mile N. of Weft Mailing. Ryeirat.er, a river of Kildare, in Lcin- Her, which runs into the Litfiy, at Leixlip. Ryejield, Middlefex, E. of Uxbridge. fit, field- Lodge, Hants, in the New For eft. Brighton, Yorkf. in Hcldernefs, SE. of fiunanby. Ryghton , Yorkf. N. of New Mai ton. Ryle, Oorfetfiaire, a hamlet to Whitchurch. Ryle, Yorkf. in Floldcr- ndk SE. of Ileadon. Ryle, Greed and Little y Northumb. near Alnham. Ryme Inirinstco, Dorfctfi half a mile W . of ^ ate mini rer. Rysa, Eft ex, part of the manor of Hatfield Regis. Ryse, Yorkf. SW. of Iiornfey. Hyswick, a large village in Holland, between the Hague and Delft, where the Prince of Orange lately had a palace. It is remarkable for a treaty concluded RZE here in 1697, between the allies, con- fiding of Great Britain, Germany, Spain, and Holland, on the. one fide, and France on the other. Ryther , Yorkf. E. Riding, near Ca- wood. Ryto/i, Durham, near Ncwcaftlc. Ihjton , Nottinghamfhirc, in the manor of Mansfield. Ryton , Shropfhire, S\Y. of Tong-cafile. Ryton, Great and Little , Shropfhire, W. of ACtnn-Burnel-Cafile. Ilytou oj the Eleven To, Shropfhire, fo called from 11 parifh churches in its view, Hands between Slirewfbury and Ofweftry. Rzeczioa, a town of "Lithuania, ca- pital of a territory of the ftine name. Rzeva, a err tory of Raffia, feated on the Volga, m ar its fource. Rzeva the Desert, a; town of Raf- fia, in the territory of Rzeva, S A B S A B S AAB A, a town and difirict of Negro- land, W. of Tombuctoo, fituated on the river Senegal. Saada, a populous tow r n of YYmen, in Arabia, capital of a difirict called Sa- ba m, and the refidence of a fhiek. It has a manufacture of Turkey leather, and is 40© miles SSE. of Mecca. Saal, a river in the bifhopricks of Fulda and W urzburg, which runs into the Maine near Gemunden; a river which rifes in the principality of Bay- reuth, and runs into the Elbe; and a river which rifes in the archbdhopjrick of Saltz- lmtg and runs into the. Sal^acfi. Saami, a town of Negrolaild, fituated about lxl miles from the mouth of the ri- ver Saami, where it dilcljarges itfelf into the Gambia. Saatz, or Zatec, a town and cir- cle of Bohemia, (which lafi is alfo called Lncfko, and is very fertile) cfpccially in hops, the belt in all Bohemia, fituated on the Eger. Saba, a plcafant and fertile iflend of the Weft Indies, about 12 miles in cir- cumference, but being defiiiute of a port, its commerce is inconfidcrable. It is in- habited by a few Dutch families from the Bland of St. Euflatia. Tlie accefs to it :S by a road cut out of the rock, which Mic man only can -mount at a time; and :his road is plentifully ftored with maga- zines of Hones; with which arms alone fie inhabitants reptilfgd the French buca- neers, in 1688. This ifland was taken by tiie Englifh in 1781. The inhabitants raife loine indigo and cotton, but their chief manufacture is fiioes. It lies a lit- tle to the W. of St. Chrifiophcr’s. Lat. 17. 39. N. Ion. 62. 12. W. Sabbington , Bucks, W. of Tame. Sabea, a town of Yemen, in Arabia. Sabi, a large, populous and commercial town, capital of a dififiCt of the fame name, in the kingdom of Wfiidah, in Africa, fituated on or near the river Eu- phrates, about 8 miles from the fi a. The Englifh, French, and Portuguefe, have factories here, and it is a fort of an em- porium, wdiere every thing of European, Afiatic, and African production, or ma- nufacture, may be had at a reafonable price. Sabi a, a country of Africa, near th'e Indian Se a of Sofala. Saeima, a province in the Pope’s Ter- ritory, bounded on the N, by Umbria, on the E. by A bruzzo Ultra, on the S. by the CampagnL di Roma, and on the \V. by the Patrimonio. It is about 30 miles in-lcngth, and from l.'» to 22 in breadth, is watered by feveral final l rivers, and abounds in oil and w ine. Magliano is the capital. Sajbiomcelt.o, a town and peninfula, of Ragufa, in Dalmatia. Saeionnetta, a towrn andfinall prin- cipality on the confines of Mantua uni Cremona Tt ♦ • Sable* SAG S A I Sable, a town in the dept, or Sarte. feated on the river Sarte, 25 miles NE. of Angers, and 135 S W. of Paris. In its neighbourhood are fome quarries of black marble. Sable, Cape, the moll foutherly point of Nova Scotia, in Acadia. Lat; 43. 24. N. Ion. 65. 34. W. Sables, d’Olonne, a town in the dept, of Vendee, with a port capable of containing veflels of 150 tons. It is 21 miles nearly W. of Lu^on. Sablestan, a province.of Pcrfia, on the frontiers of Ilindooftanj bounded on the N. and W. by Chorafan, on the E. by Candahar, and on the S. by Segeftan. It is a mountainous country, and well wa- tered. Boft is the capital. Sabrets , Eflex, near Great Baddow. Sabridgcworlh, or Sawbridgeworth, Hert- fordfhire, S. of Bifliop’s Stortford. Sab u, or Sabo, a diftri6t on the Gold Coaft, extending about 5 miles on the coaft, and 10 miles inland. The Dutch have a fort here called Fort Naflau. The principal town is of the fame name. Lat. 5. 6. N. Sacai, aconfiderable fea-port in the ifiand of Niphon, in Japan, containing fe- veral handfome temples and palaces, as well without as within the city. It is 70 miles SW. of Meaco. Saccam, or Sawcomb, Hertford (hi re, NW . of W adefmill. Sachetto, a town of Mantua. Sacile, a town of Italy, in the Tre- vifan, fituated on the Livcnza. It is call- ed the garden of Venice. Sacy, or Sawsey Forest , 4 miles S. of Northampton, which, though only about a mile and a half long, and a mile over, affords a line harbour for game. Sadbergh , Durham, on a rivulet that runs into the Tees near Stockton. Saddington, Leicef. NW. of Harborough. Saddle Back , Cumberl. a mountain on the E. fide of Lortcn Vale. Saddle-Tor , Devonfhire, near the hills, between Chcgford and Afhburton. Suddleworth, Yorkfhire, on the borders of Lancaftiire and Chcfhire. Saffron Garden , Eflex, by Horndon. Saffi, Aksi, cr Affi, a tradingtown of Abda, in Morocco, long the centre of the European commerce, but Mogadore is now the principal port. Here is a very fine road for (hips in winter, except when the winds blow- from the S. or SW. for yeflbls are then furq to be driven out to fea. The environs ;ir a dry and parched dd'art. It is '16 miles S. ofXape Cantin. SagaD AHO c, a diftridl of New Eng- land, in the province of Main, fuppofed to extend from the river St. Croix, eaftward, to that of Quenebec, weftward ; and to have the river St. Lawrence for its north- ern, and the Atlantic for it’s; fouthern boundary. Sagadahoc, a river which runs into the Kennebec, in the country of Main, about 10 miles from its mouth. Sagan, a town and principality of Si- lefia, lubject to the Prince of Lobkowitz. Sages , Glouceflerfbire, in Slimbridge parilh. Sagres, a fea-port of Algarve. Saguenay, a river of Canada, which runs into the river St. Lawrence. It is navigable for the largeit veflels (according to Charlevoix), above 25 leagues from its mouth. It has (he adds), an excellent, deep, and fpacious harbour, of a circular figure, well fheltered, being furrounded at a diftance with very high rocks, in lat. 48. 4. N. Ion. 69. 40. W. Saguenay, a dillricl of Canada, bounded on the W. and SW. by the ri- ver of die fame name, and orj the SE. by the river St. Lawrence. It yields the greateft plenty of marble of feveral kinds, lo that even the houfes of private perfons are generally built with it. Sahagun, a town ofLeon, with a rich abbey, feated on the river Sea, 25 . miles SE. of Leon. Saham , Norfolk, NW. of Watton. Sahara. See Zahara. Said, the fouthern divifion of Egypt, anciently called Thebais. Saida. See Sidon. Sailly, a town in the dept, of the Mcfelle, and a town in the department of the Somme. SAiNTES,the nameof three finalliflands in the W. Indies, .between Guadaloupe and Dominica. Lat. 15. 57. N. Ion. 61. 52. W. Saintes. a town in thedept. of Lower Charente; before the revolution the capi- tal of Saintonge, and the lee of a bilhop. Here are fevcral monuments of antiquity, of which the mod famous are the amphi- theatre, the aqueducls, and the triumphal arch on the bridge over its river. It is feated on an eminence, near the Chart nv, 26 miles SE. of Rochefort, and 262 SSW . of Paris- Saintfield, in Down, Ulftcr; the linen manufacture is carried on here. St. John's, in Rofcommon, Connaught. St. John's Town, in T .ongfortl, Leinfter. St. Ken- nis , in Kilkenny, Leinfter. St K Mullins, in Carlow, Leinfter. Saintonge, a ci-devant province of France, S. of Poitouand Aunis, extending about SAL SAL about 70 miles in length, and 36 in breadth. The river Charente runs through the middle of it, and renders it one of the moll fertile trails in France; and they make the belt fait h^re in Europe. It now forms the dept, of Lower Charente. Sal, or Salt, an illand of Africa, one of the Cape de Verds, about 40 miles in circumference. It is fo called from the great quantity of beautiful fait made here, which is the chief production of the illand, and is procured from the fait ponds, by the ehryltallization of the lea- water, which overflows part of it from time To time. Notwithstanding its appa- rent barrennefs, bearing no trees nor ver- dure, except llirubs, it breeds an incre- dible number of goats, fome afics, a few finall horfes, and a great variety of fea fowls. A prodigious number of tortoifes alfo lay their eggs here, which, alone, would be fufficient to maintain a number of inhabitants; yet all authors agree, that the illand is defolate and defert. It is 300 miles W. of thecoaftof Africa. Lat. 16. 39. N. Ion. 21. 59. W. Sala, or Salberg, a town of Weft- manland, 28 miles W. of Upfal. Salamanca, an ancient, large? rich, and populous city of Leon, in Spain? with a famous univerlity, confifting of 24 hand- fome colleges. The ftrudlure, called the Schools, where all forts of fciences are taught, is very large and furious, and is built of freeftone. The univerlity has 61 pfofeflbrfhips, without reckoning the ana- tomical theatre, and the college of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin languages. There were formerly 7000 ftudents, lent from all parts of Europe; and there are now upward of 4000. The fcholars are all clothed like prieffs, having their heads lhaved, and caps thereon. Salamanca has a large public l'quare, and fome fine foun- tains, but the ltieets are narrow and dirty. The cathedral is one of the handfomefl in Spain, and has a line fteeple. There are alio 25 parifh churches, 39 convents, 6 hofpitals, and about 7000 houfes. It is feated partly in a plain, and partly on three hills, being furrounded by walls, without which is a fine Roman Caufeway, on the river 'Formes, over which it has a bridge of 25 arches, and 300 paces long, built by the Romans. It is 37 miles SE. of Miranda, and 88 NW. of Madrid. Salamanca, a town of Yucatan, in Mexico, 150 miles S. of Merida. Salanche, a commercial town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, in the Upper Fau- cigny, feated on a brook, which foon after falls in o the Arve, 25 miles E. of An-” necy. Salankemen, a town efSclavonia. Salbach, a village in the nmrgravate of Baden, where Marlhal de Turenne was killed, in 1675, as he was viewing the po- fition of the enemy, and giving directions for erecting a battery. it is 2 miles NE. of Baden. Salb ridge, or Saxo bridge , Warw. S\V r . of Willoughby. Salcomb , Devonf. near the Channel, between Branfcomb and Sid- mouth. Salcomb- Haven, Devonftiirc, SW. of Dartmouth. Salcot , Verley and tt'ig- borough , Ellex, near Tolefhunt and Weft Merfey. Saldanha Bay, a bay of the Atlan- tic, on the S. coalt of Africa, NW. of the Cape of Good Hope. Lat. 33. 9. S. Ion. 17.60. E. Sale, Chefhire, NE. of Altringham. Salehy , Lincolnfhire, N. of Alford. Salecto, a town of Tunis, lituated on the E. coaft, near the Mediterranean, in Ion. 11. 3. E. Salehurst , Suilex, W. of Ewlmrft. Salem, , a fea-port of N. America, in the ftate of Maffachufetts, and capital of the county of Effex. It is the oldeft tpwn in the ftate, except Plymouth, which was fettled 8 years before, in 1620. it is noted for the building of Ihips and fifh- ing ketches, and carries on a large fo- reign trade. It is 15 miles NE. of Bofton. Salerno, a town of Naples, capital of the Principato Citra, with a harbour, and an ufiiverfity, much celebrated for- merly for medicine. It is feated at the bottom of a bay of the fame name, 27 miles ESE. of Naples. Salers, a town in the dept, of the Cantal, 27 miles W. of St. Flour. Salers- Hope, Ileref. N- of Rofs. Sales- bury, Herts, NE. of Shenley. Sales bury, Lancaf. N. ofBlackbcrn. Salford, Bed- fordfhire, N. of AfpleyGuifp. Saljord, Lane, near Mancheftcr, Salford, Ox- fordf NW. of Chipping- Norton. Sal- ford, Somerfetihire, on the Avon, between Bath and Briftol. Salford- Abbot' s, or Little , Warwickfhire, SW. of Bitford. Sahlberg. See Sala. Salihs* a town in the dept, of Upper Garonne, 15 miles SW. of Rieux. Salinas, a town of Guipufcoa. Salinj, one of the Lipari iftands, in the Mediterranean, fertile in wine and fruits. It lies NW. of the Illand of Lipari. S alins, a confiderable- town in the dept, of Jura, remarkable for its fait, works, the large!! of which is in the middle of the town, and for quarries jafper. S A L jafper. If. is 20 m ; !es SSW. of Bcfun$on, and 20o SE. of Paris. ^Salisbury, or New Sarum, a large and ancient city of Wilts, of which it is the capital. It is fituated in a chalky foil, almojf. fur rounded by tire Avon and its contributory rivers, and is rendered particularly clean by a fmall running ftrcam lowing through every frreet. It bas a fine cathedral, crowned by a lpirc, the moft regular and elegant Gothic ftrudlurc in tire kingdom, built in the form of a lanthorn. f ts windows are laid to bc*as many in number as there are days in the year. The town-hall is a handfome building, and ftands in a fpa- cious market-place. Here are manufac- tures of flannels, linfeys, druggets, Sa- lisbury whites, parchment, hardware, bone- 1 ace, and cutlery. The naviga- tion ft m Ch rift- church comes within 2 miles of this city. Tt is 21 miles ME. of Southampton, and 88 W. by S. of Lon- don. Markets on Tucfday and Satur- day. Fairs on January 6th, Tucfday after Epiphany, Lady Day, and the Monday before it, Whit Tiiefday, 'i'hurfday after Michaelmas, October 2d, and De- cember 29th. . Salisbury, a town in the refpedlive fiat.es of ( onnefticut, Mafiachufetts, Ma- ry] nd, N. Carolina, and the Delaware, in N. America. Salisbury Craig, a hill on the S. fide of the city of Edinburgh, chiefly remarkable for a great precipice of folid rock, about a mile in length, and, in fame parts, 100 feet high, which pafles with fome regularity along its brow. Salisbury- Hall* Effex, near Waltham- fiow. Salisbury Plain, in Wiltfhire, ex- tends 2b miles E. to W incheftejr, and 28 W. to Weymouth, and in fome places it fVomKD to 40 miles in breadth. There ar.e fo many crofs roads in it, and fo few hpufes to take direction from, that Tho- mas, $hq eighth earl of Pembroke, planted at tree at the end of each mile Hone from hence to Shaftfbury, as a guide to tra- vellers. That part of it, which lies about the city, is a chalky down, like Eaft Kent. The other parts are noted (for feeding numerous flocks of fheep, /fome of which contain from 3000 to 5000 each, and the fanners hereabouts have frequently tvyo or three fuch flocks, liy folding the fheep upon the lands, after they are turned up with the plough, they become very fruitful, and bear very good wheat and other gr.iin. In this plain, befide the famous Stoneqeqgc, are traces S A L of many Pomifh and Rritifh camps, fe- pulchres, &c. Salkdds, Gfrat and I. fitly, Cumberl. N. of Penrith 1 , are wafhedTy the Eden, At the latter there is a circle of firmer 77 in number, each of them 10 feet high, and before them, at the entrance, hands a Angle one, which is 1 > feet high. They are thought to have been a Dru- idical work, and are called, by the coun- try people. Long Meg and her Daugh- ters. Within the circles arc two heaps of hones* under which dead bodies are fuppofed to be buried. Mr. Camden thinks this tradition very probable, but his commentator is of opinion, that the heaps of hones in the middle of the mo- nument arc no original part of it, but that having been gathered off the plowed lands adjoining, they have been thrown together here, as in a warfe corner of the field ; arid as to the great hones, he fays, they feem to be monuments, eredled at the folcmn invehiture of fome Danilh king, like Rolhich hones, in Oxford- fhire, and thofe of Konghoten, in Den- mark, and of Moorefteen, in Sweden. Sallens, a neat and new-built town of Kildare, in Lcinftc :, feated on the banks of the Grand Canal, 14 miles from Dublin. Sallee, an ancient and confideralhc town of Benihr.ficn, in the kingdom of Fez. Its harbour w'as formerly one of the beh in the country, but now, on account of a bar that lies acrofs it, {hips of 200 tons burden are forced to unload their guns and hallaft before they can enter it. There are docks to build {hips, but they arc feldom ufc.d, for want of {kill and materials; and as the land m- fenfibly continues to accumulate, it is probable that, very foon, only veflels with oars will he able to enter the river. The road can only be frequented in the fine leafon, from the beginning of April ro the end of September, for when the wind blows from the SSW . ywlnch, feldom, however, happens but m win- ter,) it is no longer fa fit: ; and, befides, the {hiftirig of the fands of the bar ren- ders the paflage extremely diilicult. Here is a battery of 24 pieces of cannon, which commands the road, and a redoubt which defends the entrance of the river. It is a large place, divided into the Old and New Towns, I)} the river Guero. It bas long been infamous for its pirates, which make prizes of all the Chriftians’ fhips tliiit come in their way, except there is a treaty to the contrary. It is feated PR the river Sallee, fortped by the SAL SAL union of two fmaller ftrcams (the Guero and the Satta) 42 miles W. of Mequinez. Lat. 34. 0. N. Ion. 6. 31. W. Sally, a town of Virginia, fituatcd on the James River, 92 miles \\ . ot Richmond. Sallycoe, a town of Georgia, in N. America. Sallei/, Yorkf. in Craven. Sallows, near Norwich. SALM.atown and county of Germany, circle of Upper Rhine, infulated in France, 24 miles WS\V. of Straftmrg. Salm, a town and county ofGermany, infulatcd in Luxemburg, 38 miles N. of the city of Luxemburg. Salmaise, a town in the dept, of the Coted'Or. Salmestoii , Kent, near Margate. Sal- mondby , Lincolnf. NE. of Horncaftle. Salmon s , Kent, near Penlhurfr. Salo, a town in the Brefciano, feated near the Lake Garda. Saloereana, a fea-port of Grenada in Spain, with a drong cadle, in which the Moorilh kings formerly kept their treafure. It carries on a great trade in lugar and fifn, and is feated on a rock, 12 miles SE. of Almunecar, and 36 S. of Grenada. Salomons Bridge, Suffex, NW. of Ret w.orth. Salorn Wood, Hunpngdonf. near Old Wefton. Salon, a town in the dept, of the Mouths of the Rhone, feated on the canal of Craponne, 20 miles NW. of Aix. Salona, anciently called Amphissa, a reduced fea r port town of the late Vene- tian Dalmatia, celebrated as the retreat of the emperor Domitian. It was an- ciently a very confidcralrle place, its ruins (hewing that it was 10 miles in circumference. It is 6 miles N. of Spalatro. Salona, a town of Livadia, with a bilhop’s fee. The inhabitants are partly Greeks and partly Turks ; but the Jews are not luflered to live here, it is feated on a mountain, on the top of which is a citadel, nearly 22 miles NW. of Livadia. Salonichi, formerly called Tiiessa- lonica, a fea-port of Turkey, in Eu- rope, and the principal town in Mace donih, with an archbiihop’s fee. It is large, populous, and rich, being about 10 miles in circumference. It is a place of confiderable trade, which is carried on principally by the Greek Chriltians and the jews, the former of whom form 30 churches, and the latter as many (y- nagogues. Here is a triumphal arch, almort entire, erected in honour of the EmperorAntoninus, with feveral churches of extraordinary beauty, now converted intoTurkilh mofques. That of St. De- metrius lias in it above a thoufmd pil- lars of jafper, porphyry, &c. The prin- cipal merchandife is (ilk. It is feated at the bottom of a gulf of the fame name, partly on the top, and partly on the fide of a hill, near the river Varda, 50 miles NNE ofLariifa, and 270 W. of Condan- tinople. Lat. 40- 41. N. Ion. 22. 53. E. Salop. See Shropshire. Salperion , or Cold-Salperton, Glouccf. between Winchcomb and Northleach. Salses, a town, cable, and lake in the dept, of the Eaftern Pyrenees, 10 miles N. of Perpignan. Salsette, an iflajid of Hindoodan, lying off the coaft of Concan, about 10 miles N. of Bombay. It is about 120 miles in circumference, and is fertile in rice, fruits, and fugar-canes, befidcs which, they have a trade in dried fi(h. It has fubterraneous temples, cut out of the live rock, in the manner of thole of Elephanta. It is only feparated from Bombay by a channel half a mile over, which is fordable at low water. In 1750, the Mahrattas took it from the Portu- guefe; and, in 1774, the Englilh took it by ailauit from the Mahrattas, and have kept it ever (ince, agreeably to treaty. It is a mod definable acquifition to the Ead India Company, as’ the fettle- mentof Bombay poderted no territory be- yoqd the fmall ifland on which it is fitu- ated, and depended pn foreign fupplies for fubhftence. Salspna, a town of Catalonia. Salston , Camb. in a vale near Gog- magog-Hills. Sail, Start, near Ingefire. Salta, a town of Tucuman, in S. America, which fends large quantities of corn, wine, meat, hides, and other com- modities to mod parts of Peru. It con- tains about 400 houfes, 2 churches, and 4 monafrerics. The inhabitants have frequent wars with the Indians. They have about 500 men that bear arms, with thrice that number of (laves. It is 50 miles S. of St. Salvador. Lat. 25. 20. S. Ion. 66. 30. W. Saltash, atownof Cornwall, trading principally in malt and beer. It confifts of 3 ftreets, which are wafhed clean by every diower of rain. The harbour is capable pf receiving vefiels of any bur- den. Ijere is a ferry over the Tamar to Plvmoqth Dock, the inhabitants of which generally come to this market by water, rather than go to Plymouth by land, as provifions are much cheaper here} SAL here; and the town boat, in which they go, brings home what they buy. It is feated on the defcent of a fteep hill, at the mouth of the Hamoaze, four miles and a half NW. of Plymouth, and 220 WSW. of London. Market on Sa- turday. Saltbox, SuflTex, near Chichefter. .5 ’alt- burn, Yorkf. in Cleveland, near Rocliff. Saltby, Leicef. near Belvoir. Saltcoats, a fea-port of Ayrfhire, containing about 2825 inhabitants. It is one of the principal watering places in the county, (furnifhing accommodations in the feafon for 3 or 400 ft ran gets,) has (and has long had) a manufacture of fait, of which about 2362 bolls are annually made here; a trade in coals, of which, to the average amount of 23,000 tons are dug yearly near the town, a manufacture of fail- cloth, a rope- yard, and docks for building Ihips, not only for this port, but for other towns. It is fituated on the Clyde, 10 miles NNW. of Ayr. Saltcote , Cumberland, between New- ton Marfh and Rabyeote. Saltees, two fmall iflands on the coaft of Wexford, in Leinfter, about 3 leagues and a half WSW. of Carnfore Point, Salten, a town of Drontheim. Salterford, Nottingh. in the foreft, near Granby. Salter gate , Yorkf. N. Riding, in Blackenmoor. Saltern , Devonf. S. of Budley. Saltfleet, a fea-port of Lincoln- shire, 33 miles NE. of Lincoln, and 158 N. of London. Market on Saturday. Saltfleetby , East, Middle, West, or All Saints, Clement, and Peter, Line SE. of Saltfleet. ■ Salt-Hill, a village of Berks, 22 miles from London, on the road to Bath. It is finely fituated, and has fome elegant inns. Salt-Hill, Line. SW. of Kirton. Salthorp, Wilts, SE. of Wotton Ballet. Salt-House, Norf. between HqU and the fea. Saltibridge, in Waterford, Munfter. Saltley, Warw. NE. of Birmingham. Saltmarsh, Yorkf. SE. ofFIowden. Sal- ton, Yorkfhire, NE. of Hovingham. Sailor n- Load , Norfolk, a channel in the Marfh Land. Saltrey, Abbey , Breames , Grange, Judith, Mill, and Mo ins, Ilun- tingdonfhire, S. and SE. of Conington. Saltrey , Common, and Drain, are E. of Conington. Saltrum , Devonfhire, in Plymftock parifh. Saltwater , Suflex, SW. of Chichefter. Saltwater Haugh , near Durham, is a remarkable falt-fpring/ in the middle of the riyer Wear; to be feen chiefly in the fn miner, when the SAL water falls to the fide of the channel. It tinges the ftones near it with a red co- lour, and when boiled, has produced a great quantity of bay fait. Saltwick, Northumb. near Stannington. Saltwood , Kent, a mile NW . of Hithe. Saltzburg, a well- fortified city of Bavaria, capital of a territory of the fame name, under the archbifhop of Saltz- burg, who is a fovereign prince. It is populous and well built, although the ftreets are narrow and ill paved. The archbifhop’s palace is a fuperb ftrudture, and has a magnificent garden, adorned with ftntues, and planted with uncommon trees. This is his fummer houfe ; but that for winter contains 163 apartments, all richly furnifbed, without reckoning the halls and galleries. The univerfity partly depends on the Benedictine monks, who have a fine library in their monaftery. In 1737, a feparate college was built here for young gentlemen. The cathedral is built of freeftone and marble, and contains five organs. Near Saltzburg are fome confiderable falt- works. It is feated on the river Saltz, 45 miles S. by W. of Pallaw, and 140 WSW. of Vienna. Saltzburg, The Archeishopric OF, a county of Germany, W. of Aus- tria, S. of Upper Bavaria, and N. of Ca- rinthia. It is a mountainous country, hut pretty fertile, and contains mines of copper, filver, and iron. No manner of grain is fown here, but hay of a peculiar goodnefs is produced in every part. Idere are confiderable manufadtures of fteel and brafs, as appears from the aftonifhing number of fwords, fabres, mufkets, can- non, &c. which are to be feen in the ar- mories all over the country. In the arch- bifhopric are 6 cities and 25 market towns. It extends 100 miles in length, and 60 in breadth. The principal town is of the fnme name. In 1732, above 30,000 Lutheran Saltzburghers with- drew, with their eftedts, from the arch- bifhopric, difperfing thdmf elves in the other Proteftant countries, and even in the Britifh colonies in America. Salvador, a town'of Con go, capital of the country of Pemba, with a large palace, where the king refides, and a Portuguele biflu ;>. It contains feverai churches, and about 40,000 inhabitants, of whom 4000 are white. The Por- tuguefe live in a quarter by themfelves. It is feated on a craggy mountain, in lat. 5. 50. S.and Ion. 15. 39'. E. Salvador, St. a large, populous,and Tiandfome. city of . Brafil, formerly the refideiicii S A M S A M rcfidence of the governor, and contain- ing feveral religious houfes. The inha- bitants, who are defcribed as voluptuous, proud, ignorant, and fupcrftitious, carry on a considerable trade. The houfes are two or three {lories high, and the walls thick and lirong, being built of {tone. The ilreets are generally large and ftraight ; yet moll of them have fo fteep an afcent, that they are impradlicable to wheel carriages. Here are alfo many gardens, full of a great variety of fruit- trees, herbs, aud flowers. The chief commodities for exportation, are fugar, tobacco, woad for dyers, raw hides, tal- low, train oil, Brafil wood, balfam of capivi, ipecacuanha, and other drugs. It is feated on an eminence, 100 fathoms in height, formed by the E. fide of the Bay of All-Saints, and the harbour is juft below it. Lat. 12. 45. S. Ion. 40. 10 % W. Salvages, fmall uninhabited iflands, lying to the N. of the Canary Iflands. Lat. 30. 11. N. Ion. 17. 54. W. Salvaterra, a town of Portugal, in Eftratnadura, 15 miles S. of Santarem. Salvaterra, a town of Beira. Salvatierra, a town of Arragon. Salvatierra, a town of Leon. Salving toru Suflex, in Terring parilh. Salutation , Yorkf. N. Hiding, between Bedal and Danby-Wifk. Saluzzo, a town of Piedmont, capi- tal of a marquifateof the fame name, with a magnificent and rich cathedral. It is feated on an eminence, mar the Po, 20 miles SSYV. of Turin. Salicarp, Worcei. near Droitwich, by the river Sal warp, which runs into the Severn, near YVorcefter. Salza, Great, a town of Magde- burg, in Lower Saxony, noted for its falt-works. , Salza, a town of Meiffen, in Upper Saxony. Samar, or Tanday, one of the Philippine iflands, near the SE. extre- mity of Luzon, from which it is Sepa- rated by a narrow flrait. It is about 320 miles in circumference, and is full of craggy mountains, among which, how- ever, are many vallies, extremely fertile in rice, yams, cocoa, gaby (a root fo called) pepper, honey, wax, fugar- <;anes, cabbages, Chineie oranges, lemons, figs, and other kinds of fruit, little known in Europe. I'he woods fwarm with birds of almoll every description, particularly the common fowl, with fhorter leg 3 than ours ; among which is alfo a very fmall bird, of the diminutive iize of the 3 wafp, with colours peculiarly vivid and beautiful, conftfting of yellow, mixed with red and blue. Many kinds of mon- kies, one of which is remarkably large, rd^bucks, wild buffaloes, and other quad- rupeds, abound in the woods. 'I'he iron tree, ebony, and dying wood, grow in every part of the illand, and gold duft is found in its more interiorregions. The natives, at leaft, on the fea coaft, were formerly Mahometans, but the miflionary Jefuits have converted them to the re- ligion and allegiance of Spain. Lat. 12 . 15. N. Samarang, a town on the NE. coafl of the ifland of Java. Samarcand, or Sarmacand, (cal- led alfo AIawaralnahr,) fuppofed to be the Marakandus of the ancients, a very large and well- peopled city of 2\fia, capital of a kingdom of the fame name, in the country of the Ulbeck Tar- tars, with a famous academy of fciences, to which the Mahometans refort to ftudv, from all the neighbouring countries. Many of the houfes are built of ilone, and it is fortified with flrong bulwarks of earth. It was formerly the feat of Ta- merlane the Great, as it now is of a I artar prince, and carries on a great trade with Perfia, Ilindooftan, Chinefe 1 artary, See. 1 he iilk paper made here is in great requeft throughout the Eaft. I he (oil produces pears, apples, raifins, and 'melons of an exquifite tafte. It i? pleafantly feated on the river Sogde, 150 miles E. by N. of Bokhara. ^Lat. 39. 60. N. Ion. 63. 20. E. S a mb all as, feveral iflands of Ame- rica, on the N, coaft of the ifthmus of Darien. None of them are inhabited, but they are all claimed by the Spaniards. In the long channel between the Sam- ballas and the ifthmus, extending from Point Samballas to the Gulf of Darien, the fea is navigable from one end to the other, affording good anchorage and fhelter, let the wind blow from what quarter it will. Sambo rn, W arwickfliire, near Great Coughton. Sambre, a river of the Netherlands, which rifes in the department of Aifne, and palling by Landrccy, Maubeuge, Gharleroy, See. falls into the Maefe at Namur. Sam ford, Dorfetf. NE. of Everftiot. Samjord, ' Somerf. S W . or Bridg ewater, Samjord- Arundel, Somerf. S W . of Wel- lington. Samjord- Bret, Somerf. SW. or Quantock-IIills. Samjord Courtenay, Devonf. N. of Okehampton. Samjord Dorcas t S A M Dorcas, Somerfetf. NW. of Milbourn- rnrf. Samford, Great and Little, Ettex, of Thaxted. Samh>sbury Hall. Lancafhire, NW. of Blackburn, near a navigable canal, which comnmnicatles ■with all the late inland navigations. Sammade, a town in the dept, of Landes, 9 miles SSE. of St. Sever. Samuel, or Sameshouse , Northumb. vt . of Holy Ifland. Sammons * Eli ex, between Thorndons and Tilbury. Samogitia, a province of Poland, S. of the duchy of Courland, and E. of the Baltic, about 1 50 miles in length, and 90 in breadth. It is full of forefts and very high mountains, which feed a great num- ber of cattle, and produce a large quan- tity of honey. There are alfo very adftive horfes, in high eftcem. The inhabit- ants are accounted clownifh, but honeft $ and a Angular cuflom is laid to prevail here, that no young woman is allowed to go out in the night, without a candle in her hand, and two bells at her girdle. Ivofienne and Medniki are the principal places. Samos, an ifland of the Archipelago, on the coaft of Natolia, about 24 miles in length, and 10 in breadth, and ex- tremely fertile. The inhabitants live at their eafe, their taxation by the Turks being moderate. They are clothed in the Turkifh manner, except a red coif, and their hair ‘hanging down their backs, with plates of lilver, or block tin, fattened to the ends. They have abundance of melons, lentils, kidney beans, and ex- cellent muttcadine grapes. They have ■vyoite figs, four times as big as the com- mon fort, but not fo well tatted. Their filk is very fine, and the honey and wax admirable. Phis ifland abounds with partridges, woodcocks, fnipcs, thrufhes, wood-pigeons, turtle-doves, w heaters, and excellent poultry. They have iron m lies, and moft of the foil is of a rutty colour : they have alfo emery ttone, and all the mountains are of white marble. The in- habitants arc about 12,000, who are almott all Greeks, but the monks and jFiefts occupy mott part of the ifland. I hey have a bifhop who refidcs at Corea. Samothracia, or Samondraki, a fin all ifland ot the Archipelago, between Stalimene and the coafl of Romania. It is 17 miles in circumference, and pretty well cultivated. Lat. 40. 34. N. Ion. 25. 17. E. Samoyedes, I he, once a numerous nation of Tartary, in Afia, but now ftrangely difperfed ; fome of them arc found in finull detached bodies among SAN the mountains which lie to the W. of I Lake Baikal : others are luppofed to he within the Chiiiefe frontiers ; while others are fcattered among the deferts, ™ li:eh extend along the Frozen Ocean ; and fome nearly as far to the W. as Arch- angel. They have no longer the life of horles, becaufe the climate of their pro- | font country renders their fubfiflence'im- poflible j but they have ttill preferved the mannersof a pafloral people, and retain the ! ule of moveable habitations, with w hich they wander from place to place. They neither have, nor appear ever to have had, any kind of regular government. They have a large head, a flat face, high cheek bones, fmall eyes, a flat nolc, a w ide mouth, a yellow complexion, large ears, Araight. harfh, black hair, a fhort thick neck, little or no heard, and fhort j legs. Sampjord' P ever el, Devonf. by the river L(..nan, NE. ol Tiverton. Sampford- Skiney,- Devonf. SE. ofTaviflock. Samp- S07i-Gra?ige, Kent, near Margate. Samp, soji s-llatt , Eflex, near Colchefter. Sams- bury, Lancalhire, on the Kibble, NE. of Pretton. Samsoe, an ifland between N. Jut- land, and Zealand, about 8 miles long, and 3 broad. It is very fertile and plcafant. Samson, St. a town in the dept, of Eure, 6 miles N. of Pontaudemer. Sanaa, a town of Yemen, in Ara- bia, containing many noble palaces, with 7 city gates, but only 12 public baths, ft is pleafantly fituated among moun- tains, with fine orchards, 128 miles NNK. of Mocha. Lat. 15. 21. N. Ion. 44. 9. E. Sancerre, a towm in the department of Cher, noted for its fine wines. It is 22 miles NE. of Bourges, and 110 S. of Paris. Sancian, an ifland on the coaft of the province of Quang-tong, in China. It is 40 miles SSW. of Macao. Sancoins, a town in the department of Cher, 15 miles SW. of Nevcrs. Sancred, Cornwall, W. of Penzance. Sa?icto/i, Yorkfi near Market Wighton. Sand, Devonf. near Sidberry. Sand a, one of the Orkney Ifles, lying NE. of Mainland. Sandal , Yorkfhire, near Wakefield. Sandal, Yorki. near Kirk-Sandal. Sandao. Sec Cadaon. Sa7iday, Bedfordfi near Temsford. Sandbach, a tow'ii in Chefhire, chiefly famous for its ale. In the market-place arc 2 fquare ttone crofles, adorned with images. It is icated oil the river Whee- lock,. S A N S A N r lock, which comes with three ftreams from Mowcop-Hill, near the Grand Canal, 26 miles E. of Chefter, and 161 NNW. of London. Market on Thurftlay. Sandbeck, York/hire, S. of Richmond. Sandbeck , Yorkf. near Tickhill. Sand eg z, a town of Cracow, in Auf- trian Poland, with mines of gold and copper in its territory. It is feated at the foot of theKrapaek mountains, 42 miles SE. of Cracow. Sauders/ed, Surry, S. of Croydon. Here is an exteufite profpedl on tire N. to Croydon, and on the NW. to Harrow- on the- Hill, and over fome part of Bucks and Berks, as alfo into Hants,, anti over all Banfted Dcwrts. Sandjord, Glouc. a hamlet to Cheltenham. Sanfljord , Berks, hear Abingdon. Sarul/ord, Ox- iordfhire, near Great 'Tew. Sandjord , Shropi. near Oral ton. Sandjord, Somerf. near Churchill. Sandjord , Weftm. SE. ©1 Appleby. Sandgate- Castle, Kent, m-ar l olkdone. Sandhead, Me of Wight, in E. Medina. Sand holes, in Tyrone, Ulftrr. Sandholm , Yorkshire, on the Coulncy, NE. of Howden. Sandhurst, Berks, near Blackwate. . Sandhurst, Q miles N. of Gloucefler. Sandhurst, Kent, by the- Pother, -1 miles SE. of Cranbrook. Sand- hulk n, Yorklhirc, \\ . of Thirfk. San- dijord, Yorkf. N. of Whitby. San- die/ord, Berks, by Newbury. San Do, a fmall town and i /land, fi- t'uated on the N. coaft of Niphon, in japan S ANDO. MIR, a town of Poland, ca- pital of a palatinate of the fame name, the foil of which is Very fertile and it has mines of gold, filvcr, and copper. It is fituated on an eminence near the Viftula, not far irom its conflux with the San, 80 miles ENE. of Cracow. Sando-n , EU’ex, near Chelmsford. San- don , Herts, a^mile X. of Rulhden. San- don , Northumberland, by Corbridge. Sandon, Great anti Lillie, Staffordf. NE. of Trent, below Stone. Sundown, Kent, in Worth parifh. Sundown, Bay and Castle, ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Sandozcn-Castle , Kent, N. of Deal. Sandridge , Devonlhirv, in Stoke Gabriel :>ari/h. Sandridge , Ilerts, near St. Al- an’s. Sandringham, Norfolk, near Coughan. Sandugal, a town of Beira. Sanduliet, a town of Brabant, 11 miles NNW. of Antwerp. Sandwal , Staff qrdi’. j ipiles from Wpl- yerhampton. ♦S.-.hpwiCH, a fea^port town of Kent, conftfting of about 1 ‘>#0 houfes, moft of them old and built with wood, though there are a few new ones built with brick and flints. The members properly be- longing to it, as a Cinque Port, are Fordwich, Deal, W aimer, Ramigate, Ileculvcr, Stonar, and Sar. It was once a confid'erablc fea-port, but is now much decayed, on account of the river Stour, on which it is feated, being fo choked up with fand, as to admit only fmall vefiels. By thefe, however, it exports, chiefly to the London vnarkets, corn, malt, the largcft and fweeteft carrots, fruits, and feeds, the foil being remarkably good for all forts of garden fluff'. It is IS miles E. of Canterbury, and 67 K. by S. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Sandwich Islands, in the N. Pa- cific Ocean, are 1 1 in number, and ex- tend in latitude from 18. 54. to 2.2. 15. N. and in longitude from 150., 54. to 160. 24. W. They are called by the na- tives Owhyhee, Mowee, Ranai, Moro- toi, Tahoorowa, Woaheo, Atooi, Nce- heeheow, Orcehoua, Movotinne, and Tahoora, all inhabited except the two lafi. The climate of thefe iflands differs very little from that of the Weft Indies in the fame latitude, except that it is more temperate ; and there are no traces of thofe. violent winds and hurricanes, which render the ftormy months in the Weft Indies fo dreadful. There is alfo more rain at the Sandwich Ifles, where the mountainous parts being generally enveloped in a cloud, fucceflive fhower* fall in the inland parts, \yithfine weather, and a clear iky, on the fea-ftiore. Hence it is, that few of thofe inconveniences, to which many tropical countries are fubjedf, either from heat or moifturc, are experienced here. The winds, in the winter months, are generally from ESE. to NE. The vegetable productions are nearly the lame as thofe of the other illands in this ocean ; but the taro root is here of a fuperior quality. The bread- fruit trees thrive not in inch abuudaiue as in the rich plains of Otuhcite, but produce double the quantity of fruit. The fugar- canes are of a very unufuul lize, fome of them roea Curing 11 inches atid a quarter in circumference, ami having 14 feet eatable. There is aito a root of a brown colour, Ihaped like a yam, and from 6 to 10 pounds in weight, tbo juice of -which is very fweet, of a plpaiant tafte, and is an excellent lubfti- tute for fugar. The quadrupeds are hogs, dogs, and rats j the fowls are of the cemrooB SAN Common fort, and there are other birds beautiful and numerous, though not va- rious. Goats, pigs, and European. feeds, were left by Captain Cook ; but the pof- femon of the goats foon gave rife to a contefl between two diftriCts, in which the breed was entirely deftroyed. The inhabitants are undoubtedly of the fame race that poflefles the iflands fouth of the equator ; and in their perfons, lan- guage, cuftoms, and manners, approach nearer to the New Zealanders, than to their leis diftant neighbours, either of the Society or Friendly Iflands. They are, in general, above the middle fize, and ftrong; they walk gracefully, run nimbly, and are capable of bearing great -atigue. Many of both fcxes are faid to have fine open countenances ; and the women, in particular, have good eyes, and teeth, with a fweetnefs and fen- fibility of look, that render them very engaging. There is one peculiarity, cha- radterifiic of every part of this nation, that even in the handfomeft faces there is a fulnefs of the nofiril, without any flatncfs or fpreading of the nofe. They fuffer their beards to grow, and wear their hair after various fafhions. The drefs of both men and women nearly refembles thofe of New Zealand, and both fexes wear necklaces of fra all va- riegated (hells. Tattowing the body is practifed by every colony of this nation. I be hands and arms of ' the women are alfo very neatly marked, and* they have the Angular cufiom of tattowing the tip of the tongue. Like the New Zea- landers, they have adopted the method of living together in villages, contain- ing from 100 to 200 houfes, built pretty clolely together, without much order, and. having a winding path between them. They arc generally flanked, to- ward the fea, with detached walls, which are meant both for ihcltcr and defence. Thefe walls confift of loofe Hones, and the inhabitants are very dexterous in fhifting them fuddenly to fuch places as the direction of the attack may require. In the (ides of the hills, they have little caves or retreats, the entrance to which is femred by a fence of the fame kind. Some of their houfes arc large and com- modious, from 40 to 50 feet long, and from 20 to SO broad; while others are ' hovels. Their food confifis prin- cipally of fifh and vegetables, to' which they add the flefh of dogs a-nd hogs. The making of canoes, mats, See. forms the occupation of the men ; the women arc employed in manufacturing doth ; and SAN ,the fervants are principally engaged in the plantations and fifhing. They have various amufements, fuch as dancing- boxing, wreftling, &c. Their agricul- ture and navigation tear a great refem- blance'to thofe of the South Sea iflands. 1 heir plantations, which are fpread over the whole fea-coaft, confift of the taro or eddy- root, and fweet potatoes, with plants of the cloth- tree fet in rows. The bottoms of their canoes are of-afinp-la piece of wood, hollowed out to die thicknefs of an inch, and brouo-ht to a po.nt at each end. '1’he fides confift of 3 boards, each about an inch thick, neatly fitted and lafhed to the bottom part. Some of their double canoes mea- sure 70 feet in length, 3 and a half in depth, and 12 i n breadth. They make Jalt in great abundance, and of a good quality. As the iflands are not united under one government, wars are frequent among them. The fame fyftem of fub-1 ord’ nation prevails here as at the other i ands, tne fame abfolute authority on the part of the chiefs, and the fame mt- reliltmg fubmiffion on the part of the people I he government is monarchi- cal and hereditary. At Owhyhee is a re- gular fociety of prieffs living by them- elves, and diftinCt, in all refpeCls, from the reft of the people. Human facrifices are here frequent; not only at the com- ' inencement of a war, or fignal enter- prile, but the death of every confiderable chief calls for a repetition of thefe hor- rid rites. Yet, apart from thefe obfer- vances, they are acknowledged to be of the melt mild and affectionate difpofition. " t hey live in the utmoft harmony and rriendfhip with each other ; and in hof- pitality to ft rangers they are not exceeded even by the inhabitants of the Friendly lllands, wheo their refentment' is not kindled by injury. Their improvements in agriculture, and the perfection' of their manufactures, are certainly adequate to the circumftances of their fituation, and the natural advantages which they enjoy. Surtdmch, and its Bay, Dorfetf. S. of , lurbeck I (land; fee Swanx&'ich. Sandy , Somerf. near Yeovil. Sandy- Acre, E. of Derby. Sandy -Capel , Surry, by Ether. bandy- Hill, Dorfetf. near Corfe-Caftie. Sandy- End, Middlesex, between Chelfea and Fulham. Sandy Hook, a fmall illand near the coaft of New Jerfey, about 7 miles S. of Long Ifland. it was formerly a penin- f u,a ». but the fca broke through the ifthmus, and formed it into an ifland, SAN SAN in the winter between the years 1777 and 1778. Sandy- Lane, Oxfordf. between Ifiip and Wheatley. Sandy- Lane,. Wilts, be- tween Marlborough and Corfham. dy-lVay, Chefhire, SW. of Northwich. Sandy -Well, Glouc. in Povnlefweikpa- rilh. s Sarnton , LiijcolnL Sanford, -Devon 1. IS- of Credit or. . Sr>- ford-Heath, Oxfordf. N. of Chipping- [Norton. Sanghail, G; eat, near Chefter. Sang hall, Massey and Larva, T’hefhue, between Meoles and Overchurch. Sangh- \ Ion, Chefhire, between Tattenhall and Chefter. . Sanguelouk, atown of Siam. ’ Sanguhsa, a town of Spam, in Na- varre! feated on the river Arragon. Sankey, Great and Little, Lane, near Warrington. s San Mat fi e o, a town o f Valcn ci a. Sanore-Bancapour, a country of Hindooftan, fituated to the N. of Myfore, and S. of Vifiapour. The town and fortrefs-'of Sanore is fituated on the river Toom, 110 miles SSE. of Vifiapour, in lat. 15. 89. N. and Ion. 75. 44. E. Sanpoo. See Burrampooter. SanqUhar, a town or royal borough of NithfdaJe, : n the county of Dum- fries, containing about 2600 inhabitants. It is chiefly remarkable for its coal trade, (the coals in this and the adjacent parifh, fupplying a large tratbof country), and a manufadtory of knit worfted mittens and ftockings, both coarfe and fine. Here are alfo fome beds of fullers earth and liine-ftone. It is feated on the river Nith, 24 miles NNW. of Dumfries. Santa-Clara, a fmall ifiand on the coaft ©f Peru, in the Bay of Guyaquil. Santa-Cruz, a town on the SW. coaft of theliland of TenerifF, defended by four fmall forts, aud feveral batteries. - The town is very irregularly laid our, and contains about 300 houses, built of ftone. The principal ftreet is broad, and has more the appearance of a fquare than a ftreet, with the governor’s houfe at the upper end. Here is a church, and feveral convents. The road before the town is the principal one in the ifiand for fhelter, capacity, and the goodnefs of its bottom. It lies, however, entirely open to the SE. and S. winds; but thefe never continue long, and there is not an inftance of a {hip’s driving from her anchors on fhore. Lat. 28. 31. N. Ion. 16. 31. W. Santa Cruz, a town of Sus, on the coaft of Morocco, with a large and ie- eure harbour. It is feated on the Cape Ap-uer. or Ccr, in lat. 30. 38. N. and Ion, 10.* 7. W . Santa Cruz, a fea-portof Cuba, on the N. fide of the iflan 50 miles E. of the Havannah. Lon S 1 . 16. Vv r . • Santa-Cruz - de - la." S e ' a a , a town of S. America, capital of a prov ince pf the fame name in the vice- royalty of - Buenos- Ayres.-' The environs produce great quai and wax. Lat. 17. 46. S. Ion. 65. 14. VV . Santa-Fe, a town of N. A.merica, capital of New Mexico, feated near the ' Rio-del-Norte, 920 miles NNW. of Mexico. Lat. 36. 50 . N. Ion. 106. 35. W. SanTa-Fe-de-Bogota, a town of S. America, capital of New Granada, with an univerfity. It is feated on the river Magdalena, in a plentiful country, abounding in corn, cattle, and fruit, with mines of filver in the mountains, 363 miles S. of Carthagena. Lat. 4. 9. N. Ion. 73. 5. VV. Santander, a fea-port of Afturias. Santa ren, a town of Portugal, in Eftramadura, containing about 8000 in- habitants. It is fituated in a country very fertile in wheat, wine-and oil, near the river Tajo, 45 miles NNE. of Lifbon. Santee, a river of S. Carolina. Santen, a town of Cleves, with fine walks, that run as far as Wefel, from which- it is 5 miles diftant to the W. Santtllana, a fea-port of Afturias, capital of the eaftern part of that province. It is 70 miles E. of Oviedo, and 200 nearly N. of Madrid. Santo?i, Cumberland, near Penrith. Santon, Devon f. in Bran ton parifh. San- lon, Lincolnf. near Spittle- in- the- Street. Santon, Cumberland, in Irton parifn. Santon- House, Norfolk, near Brandon- Ferrv. San-torin, or St. Erini, (anciently called Thera and Caliste, or the Handsome,)' an ifiand of the Archipe- lago, to the N. of Candia, and to the SW. of Nanphio. It is about eight miles iTi length, nearly' as much in breadth, and almoft covered with pumice ftone, whence the foil, in general, mu.fl be dry and barren ; it is, however, greatly improved, by the labour and induftry of the inhabitants, who have turned the moft ungrateful fpot of ground in the world into a perfect orchard. It affords little wheat,- blit a great deal of brfrlcy and cotton, and a potent fpiritUQns wine, of the colour of rhenifb, in prefufion.} in the exportation of which, to all parts of the Archipelago, and even as far v as U u Cordiantinopi SAP Gonfiantinople, as alfo in the manufac- tory of cotton, their trade principally confiHs. bruit is fcarce, except figs, and they have neither oil nor wood. They kill their beeves but once a year, and then they put it in pickle. The inhabitants, alfo, who are all Greeks, are about 10,000 in number; though they are fubje61to the Turks, they chufe their own magiHrates. Pyrgos is the capital, befides which there are four towns and five villages. They have but one fpring in the ifland, for which reafon they preferve the rain- water in cifterns. Lat. 36. 10. N. Ion. 36. 1. E. Santos, a fortified town in the go- vernment of St. Paul, in Brazil, fituated on a river, about half a league in breadth and five fathoms deep, in a hay of the fame name, about 51 leagues SE. of St. Paul. Santos Los, a town of Panama. Santoste- Ferry , Line, from Yorkshire to the Iile of Axhofin. Sanxay, a town in the department of the Vienne, 6 miles NW. of Lufignan. Saon, a town in the dept, of the Drome. Saona, an ifland near the S. coafl of of St. Domingo, in Ion. 68. 58. W. It is about 18 miles long and 3 broad, and abounds with pleafant woods and paf- tutes, though it is wholly uninhabited, or, atleaft, only frequented by fiiherinen, at- the time when the turtles come on fhore to lay their eggs. Saone and Loire, a department of France, S. of the dept, of Cote-d’Or, and W . of the dept, of the Jura. Ma$on is the capital. Saone, Upper, a dept, of France, fo called from a confiderable river which riles near Dampy in Mount Vofges, and palling by Gray, Auxonne, Chalons, Ver- dun, Macon, &c. falls into the Rhone at Lyons. The capital is Vefoul. Saorgio, a fortified town of Nice, in Piedmont, fituated on the fummit of a rock, in the peninfula, aim oft fur- rounded bv the rivers lioia and Rcndola, 17 miles NE. of Nice. Sapcote , Leicef. SE. of Hinckley. Su- per ton, Derbyf. E. of Uttoxeter. Super- ton, Gloucefterfhire. Sapienza, three iilands and a cape, with the circumjacent fea, oppofite Mo- tion, near the S. coafl of the Morea ; they are very final!, and badly cultivated. Lat. 36. 50. N. Ion. 21. 35. E. Sapington , Kent, near Betham. Sa- fi is/on, Suffolk,' NW. of Ixworth. Sap- Icy, and its Park and Heath, N. of Hun- tingdon. S A R Sap Le, a town in the dept, of the Orne. Sapperion, Line. W. of Fokingham. Sapy, Upper, Heref. N. of Bromyard. Sapy, Lower, or Sapy- Pilchard , Worcef. N. of Bromyard. Saracens, the general-name of a people, celebrated fome centuries ago, who came originally from the deferts of Arabia: Sarra, in their language, fig. nifying a defert. They were the firft dif- ciples of Mahomet, and within 60 years after his death, conquered a confiderable part of Afia, Africa, and Europe. They, invaded fra nee, and kept pofieffion of Spain till the year 1511, when- they were finally expelled. They alio maintained a war in Paleftine a long time, againft the Weftern Chriftians, and, at length, drove them entirely out of it ; but now there are no people known by that name, for the defendants of thofe who conquered Spain are called Moors. Saragossa, a large, handfome, wel I- builtcityof Spain, in Arragon, with an archbifhop’s fee, a univerfity, founded in .1474, and a court of inquifition. It was originally built by the Phoenicians, who called it Salduba; and the Romans fent a colony here in the reign of Au- guftus, whence it had the name of Ccefar Auguf’tus, which, by corruption, has been changed into Saragofla. It is adorned with many magnificent buildings, and they reckon here 17 large churches, and 14 handfome monafferies, not to mention others lefs confiderable. The ffreets are long and broad, but ill-paved and dirty ; and the houfes are from tqree to fix ftories high. The river Ebro runs acrofs the place, dividing it into two ; and on its banks is a handfome quay, which ferves for a publick walk. The Holv-ftreet is fo large and broad, that it may be taken for a fquare, ; and here they have their bull fights. In this flrcet arc the houfes of feveral noblemen’s families, particu- larly that of the viceroy. The cathedral is a larg'e, hut irregular Gothic building; but the fineft church here is the collegiate one of Nucfrra Signora del Pilar, both for its fuppofed miraculous image, and alia for its valuable treafures. This ce- lebrated Madona, or image of St. Mary and the infant, Hands on a marble pillar, and with its ornaments is immenfely rich ; the crown being full of precious Hones of an incflimable price; fcarce any' thing is to be feen but gold and jewels* which, with the filver lamps, wax lights, See. dazzle the beholder’s eye, and a vaft number of devotees refort in pilgrimage S A R S A R hither. The tovvn-houfe is a fumptuous ffruclure; in the hall are the pictures of all the kings of Arragou, and in the cor- ner of it a St. George on horfeback, with a dragon of white marble under him. Saragofl’a is feated in a large plain, ren- dered extremely fertile in fruits, Src. by the winding of ' the Ebro,. on which it (lands, and over which it has two bridges, one of (lone, the other of wood, (which latter has been thought the moft beautiful of its kind in Europe', 130 miles nearly W. of Barcelona,and 160 NE. of Madrid. Lat. 41. 53. N. Ion. 0. 28. W. Sara mon, a town in the dept, of the Gers. Saratof, or Saratovski, a go- vernment of Ruflia, divided into 12 dif- tricls, pf which that of the fame name is the principal. It was formerly a pro- vince of Aftracan. Saratof, a town of Ruflia, in the government of the fame name, feated on the Volga, 302 miles SE. of Mofcow. Lat. 51. 30. N. Saratoga, a town of New York, (ituated on the river Hudfon, where, in 1777, a Britilh army, under Gen. Bur- goyne, furrendered to the Americans, under General Gates, on a capitulation, whereby they were to have a free pafiage to Great Britain, on condition of not ferving a gain ft America during the war. It‘is2b miles N. of New York. Sarbruck, a town of Treves. Sarbruck, or Sarbourg, a town in the dept, of Meurthc, feated oa the river Saare, 33 miles E. of Nanci. Sard am, or Saenredam, afea-port of N. Holland, where formerly -were vaft magazines of timber for building (hips, and naval ftores, with a prodigious num- ber of (hipwrights. Here is (till feen the hut in which Peter the Great, czar of Ruflia, refided, while he worked as a (hipwright in this town, it has been faid, that the (hip- builders of Sardam would undertake, on two months notice, to build a (hip of war every week during the year. Sardam is feated on the river Wye, 7 miles NW. of Amfterdam. Sardinia, an iiland of the Mediter- ranean, 142 miles in length from N. to S. and 60 in its mean breadth from E. to w. It was originally peopled by the Phoenicians and Greeks, and called by the latter Ichnufa, Sandialotis, and Sardo. The foil is fertile in corn and wine, and there are a great number of oranges, ci- trons, and olives. On the coaft is a (ilhery for anchovies and coral, of which they fend large quantities to Genoa and Leghorn. Beeves and Cheep are nume- rous, as well as horfes, which are very good for labour and the road. They are fed in the little iflands about it, which abound in game ; and in that of Afnaria are great numbers of turtles. The air is reckoned very unhealthy, from the marfhy land. The inhabitants were for- merly accounted rude and barbarous, and the Romans banilhed their ftate prifoners to this iftand ; but they are much more civilized fince, and enjoyed great liberty, till an inquifition was eftabliihed at Saf- ftiri. As the inhabitants are not very in- ti uft nous, the land is not fufficiently cul- tivated ; nor do they pay much attention to trade. It contains mines of (liver, lead, fulphur, and alum ; and they make a good deal of fait. In 1708, this iiland. was taken by the Englifh for Charles 111. and allotted to the emperor by the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713; but, in. 1720, it was ceded to the duke of Savoy, as an equivalent for Sicily. The royal revenue is iiacanflderable, after the charges of the army and civil officers are deducted. The king of Sardinia keeps his court at T urin, the capital of his Piedmontefe territories ; but he has a viceroy at Cag- liari, which is the capital of this ifland. Sardo, or Sart, a decayed town of Turkey in Afta, in Natalia. It was for- merly called Sardis, and was capital of Lydia, and the feat of the famous king Croefus. It now contains only a few poor huts. However, here is a large ca- ravahfary, where there are handfome lodgings for travellers, it lying in the great road from Smyrna to Aleppo ; and the Turks have a mofque, which was formerly a Chriftian church. The in- habitants are now almoft all (hepherds^ who feed their flocks in the neighbour- ing plains. There are alfo a few Chrif- tians, who employ themfelves in garden- ing. It is about 30 miles ENE. o£ Smyrna* Scirdoriy Great and Little , Starfordf. SW. of Cank. Saresdcn , Oxfordf. in Churchill, parifh. Sargans, a town of Zurich, capital of a mountainous, but fertile county of the fame name, about 15 miles in extent every way. It is governed by a bailiff fent by the eight cantons alternately. The inhabitants are partly calvinifts and partly papifts. It is lituated on the top of a hill, near fome mineral fprings, 45 miles ESE. of Zurich. Sargel, a fca-port of Tremcfen, feated on the fea-coaft, 25 miles from Algiers. Lat. ^6, 30. N. Ion, 2. 15. W. U u 2 Sarguemine, SAR Sarguemine, a town in the dept, of Mofelle, .feated on the -river Sare, 9 miles N. of Sarhrnck. Sark, or Serk, a little ifland, on, or near the coaft of France, about two miles Ion'’-, and" nearly as much wide, and containing about 000 inhabitants, The air is lerene and remarkably health- ful, and the foil, though generally hot and fandy, affords all necefiaries for its inhabitants, particularly apples, of which they make excellent cyder; turnips, car- rots, and other roots, with moft kinds of grain. Their pafture, though ihort, Js exceedingly fweet, and therefore they have very fine mutton ; they have alfc^ milk and butter, hut their cheefe gene- rally comes from England. Ducks, mal- lards, woodcocks, teal, &c. abound here, and, at fome feafons, the cliff' pigeons aim eft cover the ifland. Of rabbits they have great plenty, and alfo a variety of fea-fifh. The only manufacture of the iftaml is knitting of ftockings, gloves, waiftcoats, with which they trade to Brlftol and feme of the weftcni ports, and return with neceflaribs, having feveral fm all veflels for that purpofe, Sark, Little, a very fmall ifland, fituateda little to the S. of Sark. ' Sark, a river which rifes in the E. part of Dumfriesfhire, and, for feveral miles, forms the boundary between Eng- land and Scotland. It s formed of two branches, the'VV bite and Black, and runs into the Eden 1 , below Miluer-Hilf, or about 4 miles below Garlifle. Sarl at, a town in the dept, of Dor- dogne, 27 miles SE. -of Perigueux,. Sarat Louis,- a fortified town in the dept, of Mofelle, feated in a peninfiila formed by the river Sare, 32 miles ENE. of Mentz. ScriiL'sfidd, and Sarnesfidd-Cojfen, Id ere f. near Weblev. Sarncy, iV. and S. Gloucef. near Cirencefter. Sarnf jgrih , Carnarvon (hi re. Sar.n t o, a town of IVmcipatQ Citra, 10 lYiiles NW. of Salerno. The environs produce, annually, about 4000 pounds weight of the fin eft and belt wound liik in the kingdom. S.iRNO, or Sal at a a fmall river of Naples, which rifes near i town of the fame name, and. runs into the Mediter- ranean, about 10 miles SSE. of Naples. S vros, a town of Hungary, noted for a- poifonous fpring; in its ne ghbour- hood. It is 6 miles N Y\ . of Eperies. Sar REN, a town of Chrift an land," in Norway, near which is a dreadfal cata- radior water fall, the noife of which is S AS plainly heard at the diftance of 20 miles. It drives 17 mills, and .is 10 miles W”SW. of Frederickftadt. Sarre, or Sarr-Street, Kent, in the Tfle of Thanet. S arret, Herts, N. of Watford, Sarre, a river of France, which rifes 4 in the dept, of the Vofges, and pa fling 1 by Sarbiuck, Sar Louts, Sarhruck in Treves, falls into the Mofelle, a little above Treves. Sar real, a town of Catalonia, feated on the river Francoli. In the neigh- bourhood are quarries o( alabafter, fo ’ tranfparent that they glaze their windows with it. Sarri, a town' of Corfica, 11 miles I N. of Ajaccio. Sar san a, a town of Genoa, ft mated j on the river Magra, 45 miles ESE. of Genoa. Sarstna, a town of Romagna. Sarte, a dept, of France, S. of that ] of Orne, and E. of that of Mayenne. \ It takes its name from a river which rifes *| near Sees, in the" dept, of Orne, and - palling by A lent; on, Frcnay Le Vicomte, Le Mans, &c. where it becomes haviga- .j ble, joins the Mayenne near Angiers, 4 miles below which the united ft reams fall into the Loire. The capital is Mans. Sarum, New. See Salisbury. Sarum, Old, an ancient borough of " Wilts, which, though now. reduced to a Angle farm-houfe, frill fends two members to parliament; thefe are choferi . by the proprietors of certain adjacent lands.' It once covered the fuinmit of a high lteep ■ hill ; but there is nothing now to be feen • of it but fome lmall ruins of a caltle, with a doubld intrenchment, an da deep ditch. ; The' tracts of the ftreets and cathedral may be pretty diflineffy traced cut by the different colour of the corn growing where once the city flood. It is about a mile N. of Salilbmy. SarvERDI'N, a town in the dept, of Mofelle, feated on the river Sare, 10 miles NNW. of Sari truck. Sar war, a town and county of Hun- ^ . gary, 4b miles SE. of Vienna. S a sera m, a large town of Flin- dooftan, in the country of Bahai, feated near a great lake, 55 miles SE. of Benares. SassaRI, a city of Sardinia, capital of the territory of Lugari, and the occa- fional relidence of the viceroy. It con- ; tains near .‘>0,000 inhahi tains, and is fa- mous for a fountain called Roitel, which is laid to be much more magnificent than the S A V S A V the bell at Rome. The inhabitants, in- deed, “have the following proverb, Chi nonvidde Rossel, mm viJ.de mondo ; he that has not feen Rofl'd, has not feen the world. It is feated in a plain, 6 miles NNE. of Algher, in lat. 40. 46. N. and Ion. 8. 39. E. Sas- van-Ghent,- a town of Dutch Flanders, fmall, but regularly fortified.. It has fi\;e fluiccs, and is feated on a canal, which communicates with the Scheld and with Ghent, 8 miles N. of that city. Sassuolo, a town of Modena. Sat ab ago, a province of Afiatic Turkey, S. of Iiniretta. Satalia, or Antalia, afea-port of Caramania, large, ftrong, and divided into three towns. Here is a itiperb mofque, which was formerly a Chriftian church. The country about it is fertile; and the citrons and oranges are excellent. The inliabitaUts trade in wool, coiton, goat’s- hair, 1 agaric, gmn tr.)gacanth, opium, and bees-wax. It is 134 miles S. of Kiutaja, and 2,65. S. by E. of Conftantinople. - Lat. 37. N. Ion. 32- 21. E. Saterlsigh, Devon f. on the Bray, SW. of South Moulton. Saterthwaite, Lane, in the NVV. angle of it, between the ri- vers Folle and Tlmfton. Satgong, or Satagong, an incon- fiderable village in the foubah'of Bengal. In the 16th century, however,, it was a large, trading city, in which the Euro- pean traders had their factories. It is feated on a creek of the Hooghly River, about 4 miles NW. of Iloo^hly. Satridge , Herts, NE. of I'hundridge. Satron, Yorkf. E. of Swaledale. Sattarah, a town of Vifiapour, in Ilindooftan, formerly capital of thc'Mah- ratta ftate. It is fituated near the fourcc „of the Kiftnah, 30 miles S. of Poonah. Sava, a town of Arabian Irac, in Pcrfia, 60 miles S. of Crdbin. Savage Lsla*n» ? an illand in the S'. Pacific Ocean, apparently overrun with woods and biifhes. It is about 30 miles in circumference, and was difeovered and fo named by Captain Cock, from the rude, inhofpitable behaviour of the in- habitants, in 17 74. Lat. 19. I.’ S'. Ion. 169. 37. W, Savannah* a town of N. America, in the Rate of Georgia, of which it was formerly the capital, it is :egularly built in the form of a parallelogram, and is feated on a fandy bluff, with banks at leaf! 60 feet high, on the S. fide of the riyer Savannah, 17 miles from its mouth. and 117 SE. of Augufta. Lat. 32. 0. N. Ion. 81.12. W. Savannah, a river of N. America, which forms 'a part of the divifi'onal line that fe pirates the fiate of Georgia from that of S. Carolina. It is formed by the union of the Toogoloo and Keowee, and is navigable for boats of 100 feet keel from Augufta to' Savannah,, and thence for vcflels of 300 tons burden, to its entrance into the Atlantic Ocean, at Tybee-Bar, in lat. 32. 2. N. and Ion. 81. VV . where it has 16 feet water at half tide. Savatcpoli, or Seeastopolis, an- ciently Pros CURIAS, a town of Min- grelia, fituated on the Black Sea. Save, a river of Germany, which rifes in ( arniola, -and runs into the Da- nube ‘at or near Belgrade. Savenay, a town in the department of the Lower Loire, 18 'miles NW. of Nantes. Savendroog,' a fortrefs of MyfoTe,' in Hindooftan, fituated on the top oi( a vaft rock, riling half a mile in perpendi- cular height, from a bafe of above 8 miles in circumference ; and divided at the fummit by a chafm, which forms it into two hills. Thefe, having each their peculiar defences, form two citadels' ca- pable of being maintained independently of the lower works. Walls, erdfs- walls, and barriers have alfo been eredled at every accefiible place. On Dec. 10th, 1/9J, Colonel Stuart encamped within three miles of the rock, and on the morning of the 21ft, at 11 o’clock, the Britifh ioldiery made themfelves mailers of a fortrefs which had hitherto been confidered as impregnable. It is 18 miles W. of Bangalore, and 47 NE. of Seringa- pa tarn. Saverdun, a town in the dept, of Arriege, feated on the riv'er Arriege, 15 miles ;\W . of Mirepoix. Save make -Forest-, Uhlts, SE. of Marl- borough, about 12 miles in compafs* and the only privileged forefifor hunting that is poflefted by a fubjedt. It is plentifully flocked with large deer, and adorned with many delightful walks and villas, (cut through the woods and coppices) 8 of which meet in a point near the centre. Saverne, or Zaberne, a town in the dept, of Lower Rhine, 18 miles NW. of Strafburgli, and 120 E. of Baris. Saverne du Rhine, or Rhein z a- bern, a town of Spire, 21 miles SSW. of Manheim. Saveston , Hampfhirc, NE. of Quarley- Hill. Saughe } a river in Carnarvorifhire, U u. 3 which •SAY SAX which runs into the Irifh Channel, S. of Ticmor Point. Saviors , St. Cornw. near Foy. Saviour's, St. Cornw. near Paci- fic w-Haven. Savigliano, a town and fertile dif- tri£l of Piedmont, about 8 miles ESE. of Saluzzo. Alfo a town of Bari. Saul, wloucefterfhire, 4 miles from Newnham, and G from Durfley. Saul, or Sell, Norfolk, between Alelham and Foulftiam. Saulden , Bucks, in Murfley pariih, near Fenny- Stratford. Sauldon, Devonf. NE. of Stratton, and near the Tamar. Saul gen, a town and county in Auf- trian Suabia. Saulieu, a town in the department of Cote d’Or, where anciently was a col- lege of the Druids ; a wood in which they performed their facrifices, and the ruins of a temple dedicated to the Sun, ar* vet vifible. It is So miles W. of Di- jon, and 142 SE. of Paris. Saumur, a town in the department of Maine and Loire; before the revo- lution, capital of the Saumurois. Here is a famous bridge over the Loire, built in 17G8 ; it conlifts of 12 elliptic arbhes, each 60 feet in diameter. Saumur is 22 miles' SE. of Angers, and 160 SW. of Paris. Su.unbp, Nottinghamf. SW. of Gainf- borough, in Lincolnlhire. Saunder’s Island. See Sir Charles Saunder’s Island. SapocJc , a river in Lancalhire, which runs into the Kibble, near Lea, Smiles below Prefton. Savolax, a clifirif^ of Finland, bor- dering on Raffia, about 200 miles in length and 100 in breadth. It is full of woods, laktts, and moraffes, and is but thinly inhabited. Savona, a coniiderable town of Ge- noa, and, next to Genoa, the beft in the republic. It contains'feveral fine churches, and other well-built itrudhires. The Genoefe, fearing that it would hurt their trade, ruined the harbour, or, at leafr, rendered it unfit for large vefiels. The country about it is well cultivated, and abounds in filks, and all forts of fruits. Jt is feated ©n the Mediterranean, 20 miles SW. of Genoa. Savoniers, a town of France, in the department of Inure and Loire, fituated on the Cher, 8 -miles SW. of Tours. Near it are certain caverns, remarkable for their petrifactions. Savoy, a ci-devant duchy of Europe, anciently called Sabaudia, and now form- ing the department of Mont-Blanc. In 1792, this country was over-run by the French, the people receiving them as friends rather than as enemies; and, in the fame year, it was decreed by the national convention, that it fhould be an 84th de- partment of France, by the name of Mont-Blanc. See Blanc, Mont. Savu, an illand in the Eaftern Indian Ocean, about 24 miles in length, de- pendant on the Dutch Eafl- India Com- pany. The Dutch, however, have not taken poiTefiion of it but they fend floops to trade with the natives, :or ve- getables, fruits, fowls, fiefh, and other provifions, to fupply the inhabitants of their Spice Illands. Lat. 10. 35. S. Ion. 122. 50. E. Saul hy, a river in Carmarthenfhire, which runs into the Muthey, fiear Llan- gadodc. Sauves, a town in the dept, of Card, 12 miles SW. of Alais. Sauveterre, a town in the dept, of Lower Pyrenees, 17 miles NNW. of Pau. Sauveterre, a town in the depart- ment of Aveiron, 14 miles SW. of Rhodez. *Savvbridgey/orth, a town of HertforcUhire, 4 miles S. of Bilhop’s- Stortford, and 26 N. of London. Mar- ket on Wednesday. , Sawcemeres , Effex, W. of Maunden. Sawcliff, Line. SE. of Burton- upen- Trent. Sawcot, Kent, near Cranbrook. Sawdon, V orkfhire, in Pickering- Foreft. Sawley, Derbyf. on the Trent, SE of Derby. Sawley, Yorkf. SW. of Rippon* Sawley- Abbey, Yorkf. SW. of Gift urn* Sawsthorp, Li icolnftiire, N. of Spillby. Sawsiqn, Cambjidgefhire, at the foot of G ogmagog-Hills. Sawtree, St. Andrew , Judith, and All Saints , Huntingdonf, E. of the Giddings. Saxay,Y orkfhire, SW. of Stokefley. Saxby , Leicefterf. S. of Waltham-in- the- Would. Saxby , Lincolnf. SE. of Spittle- in- the-Street. Saxby, Lincolnlhire, SW. of Barton- upon-Humber, Saxendale, Nottinghamf. Saxenhagen, a town of Schawen- burg, in Weftphalia, 50 miles NW. of Hanover. Saxhorn,. Cambridgef. near Newmar- kct-Heatb. Saxham, Great and Little, Suffolk, W. of Bury. Saxilby, NW. of Lincoln, on the Fofs-Dyke'. ida- lingham, Norfolk, W. of Holt. Sax* liughdm. Net her gate and Thorp , Norf. W. of Lodcion.’ *Saxmundham, a town of Suffolk, containing about 400 pretty good houfes, but the ltreets are narrow and not paved. ' It SAX , It lias no particular manufacture, and is fituatcd upon a hill, between Wood- bridge and Y oxford, in the road to Iialefworth,' 19 miles NE. of Ipfwich, and 89 NE. of London. Market on Thurfday. | Saxony, Upper, one of the nine circles of the German empire. It is bounded on the E. by Pruflia, and a part of Poland and Silefia ; on the S. by Bohemia and Franconia; on the W. by the circle of. the Upper Rhine, and that of Lower Saxony; and on the N. by the. Baltic, and the circle of Lower Saxony. The elector of Saxony was formerly the director, but as the whole circle now is moftly Lutheran, eight af- feflors are deputed to the imperial cham- bers, of which the elector of Saxony names two, the debtor of Brandenburg two, and the other Pates name the reP. It comprehends the electorate of Saxony, or Saxony Proper, the principality of Anhalt, the landgravate of Thuringia, the marche of Brandenburg, and the duchy of Pomerania ; and thefe arefub- dividedinto many diPribts. Saxony, Lower, one of the nine circles of the German empire, is bounded on the N. by the Baltic and the duchy of Slefwick ; on the W. by the German Ocean and the circle of WePphalia ; and on the S. andE. by the circle of the Up- per Rhine, and the circle of Upper Sax- ony. The directors of this circle are i the dukes of Magdeburg, Bremen, and I of Brunfwick-Lunenburg. It compre- [ hends the archbilhopric. of Magdeburg,! ! the bilbo pric of IlddeOieim, the archbi- i fliopric of Bremen, the bilhoprics of Ilalbcrftadt, Schwerin, Ratzburg, Lu- j bee, and Slefwick ; the duchies of Brunf- wick Lunenburg, Lawenburg, and Meek- | lenburg ; the principality of Y'erden : ! the counties of ReinPein and Blauburg; the free-cities of Hamburg, Lubec, Gof- lan, Mulh ufen, and Northaufen. Saxony, Proper, or The Elec- torate of Saxony, in the circle of Upper Saxony, compofed of the duchy , of Saxony, the greater part of the mar- i graviate of Mifnia, a part of the Vogf- land, and the N. part of Thuringia, Lu- fatia, and a part of the county of Hen- ueburg. It is about 75 miles in length, and C2 in breadth, is cut into two un- equal partsdjy the river Elbe, and is a very fertile and trading country, abound- • ing in’ mines. Saxlcd, Suffolk, near Framlinghain. Saxthorp , Norfolk, NW. of Alelham. SuzIg/i, Yorklhirc, near Aberforth. Sax- s c A vlby, LeicePerlhire, NW. of Mcltor> Mowbray. Saybrook, a town of Connedlicut, in N. America, originally built by the agent of Lord Vilcount Say and Seal. It is iituated on the W. fide of the river Connecticut, near its liiouth, 15 miles W . of New London. Saycock, one of the iPandsof japan, divided from Niphcli by a narrow channel. The Dutch faCtors are permitted to refide in the little id and of Difnia, which is on the W. fide of it. Lat. .34. 0. N. Ion 132.28. E. Sayd. See Sidon. Sayn, a town of Treves, 6 miles N. of Coblentz. It is fituated on a ri\cr of ihe fame name, which runs into the Rhine, about 5 miles below Coblentz. Sayn, a county of WePphalia, di- vided into 2 principal branches, Sayn Altenkirehen, and Sayn Hachenbach. Saypan, or St. Joseph, one of the Marian Iflands, in the EaPern Indian Ocean, about twenty miles in circum- ference, with a fafe and commodious harbour, well Pieltered with wood, at the bottom of a Peep hay, on its W. coaft. The foil is fertile, the climate fe- rene, and the country, either examined near, or at a diPance, looks green, plea- fant, and beautiful, diversified with hills and plains, and afi'ording all the nccefla- ries of life in the utmoP plenty. Lat. 14. 30. N. Say s-Court, Kent, near Deptford. Scadbury, Kent, in Chiffelhurp parifh. Said bury, Kent, S. of Gravefend. Scad- ham, or Stadham , Oxford!, near Chifel- hampton. Sc age N, a town at the extremity of N. Jutland, near a cape of the fame name, 18 miles N. of Fladftrand. Lat. 57. 46. N. Ion. 10. 30,. E. Scage"rac, or Categat, a gulf of the N. Sea, between N. Jutland, Nor- way, and the ifiands of Zealand and Funen. Scagglethorp , YorkPiire, E. of New Malton. ! Sc ala, a town of Principato Citra, and a town in the ifiand of Cephalonia. Scalanova, a town ofNatolia, the Neapolis of the Milefians, with a har- bour on the fea-coaft, 40 miles SSE. of' Smyrna. Scalby , LincolnPiirc, near Glanford- Bridge. Scalby, YorkPiire, W. of S. Cave. Scalby, V’orkf. near Scarborough. Scalby- Casllc, Cumberland, 5 miles N. of CarliPe. Scaldwsll, Northamptonf. W . of W al grave. Scale, or ScalL, Corn- Uu4 wall. S C A wnll, near Scnan ^nJ the Land’s-End. Sc • v ' t ■ ' ' Scale, Lamrdhire, Lan o. of S.-'al.tt , • ( a town of Hun- 8 : NW.of Topoltzan. •V 'in- Rocks, in Down, U liter. T , are fituated in Donaghadee-Har- Lour, dnd, .though (o fmooth and flat that veflels feldotn fuffer on them, arc rather dangerous, being overfloweYl by the tide. Sealine- P irk, Yorkf. between Sher- born'and Selby. Scaljp, a curious chafm, or fifiure in a ridge of mountains, o miles from Dublin, on the road to the Dargle and Waterfall. It feems as if by an extraordinary ccnVul- fion in nature, the mountain had been cracked acrofs, and torn afunder, pro-- digious heaps of flones, of enormous fize, having tumbled down into the rocky chafm. It forms one of the moil Hr iking curiofities in Ireland. By break- ing down and levelling the prominencies of the prodigious piles of mftffive rocks In the bottom, an eafy and good road has been infinuated through the rugged fiffure. Sc a mina, a town of Liyadia, 20 miles N. of Athens. Scamdsby , Lincoln!* N. of ITorncaftle. Scampion, 4 miles from Lincoln. ScaNDAROON. See A LEX A NDR E TT A . Scandinavia, an ancient general name for that trail of Europe, which contains Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, with the feveral if! anas in the Baltic. Scania. See Schonen. Scar, in Wexfos.1, Leinfter. Scap-a, a town of W. Gothland, for- merly the refidence.of the kings of Goth- land. It is Coated S. of the lake W anner, G6 miles NE. of Gottenburg. " Scarborough, an ancient, large, and well built town, in the N. Riding of Yorklhirc, flickered from the N. and NE. winds by a high, keep rock, near which are huge, craggy cliffs, aimed in- accetfibie. On the top of' this rock is a large green plain, of about 19 acres,- with a -little well of frcfli water fpringing out of the rpek. A noble large cable was crewed here by King Henry il. which is now moftly in ruins. This place is greatly frequented on account of its fpa well, the waters of which are a compound of vitriol, iron, alum, nitre, S C A and fait, and are both purgative and diuretic, -as alfo for fea- bathing, on which account it 'is :o i h improved oflate, years, in' toe nuicbtv and beauty of its build - mga. r T lie fpring was under the cliffy part of which fell down in December . 1737, and the water was loft ; hut, in - clearing away the ruins to -rebuild the wharf, it was recovered, to the greet joy - of the town. Here are affemblies and halls, 'in the fame irrnncr as at Tun- bridge. Scarborough has a very conve- nient p : er harbour, (reckoned the bed, for vefl’els in ft refs of weather to put into, between Newcaflle and the Humber,) poflefles a conflderable (hipping- trade, and fupplies York, and other places, with' cod, mackarel, turbot, pickled herrings, V, See. It is romantically fituated, in the •' form of a half moon, 'partly furrounded by the fea, 56 miles NE. by K. of York, - and 2 37 N. of London, ivlarkets on h Thurfday and Saturday. Scarborough, a . town and fort '] of Tobago, taken from the French, by * ftorm, by the Englifli general, Cuyler, April le, 1793. Scar cliff, Derby f. near Bolfovef. S® a r Dona, a town of Dalmatia. Scares brick, Lancashire, near Marton- ! Meer and the fea. Scarle , North, I Lincolnf. SW. of Lincoln. Scarle, South , Nottingham!. in the parifh of Newark- on -Trent. Sc ARLfNO, a 'town of Tufcany. Seaming , Norf. SVT. of E. DerehaTn. ; Scaro, a town Of San tor in, 'in the j Archipelago. • Scarpant'o, anciently Carpathus, a an if! and of the Archipelago, and one of j: the Sporades, lying to the SW. of the.', Ifle of Rhodes. It is about 18 miles in 1 length, and 6 in breadth. It abounds in cattle and game, aml'has mines of iron, quarries of marble, with feveral good bar- 1 hours, and particularly one at its prin- cipal town on tfie W.. coaft. The in ha- . bitants are moftly Greeks. Sc arce, a river of France, which r’rfes near Aubigny, in the dept, of Calais, waftifcs Arras, Douav, and St. A in and, and runs into the Scheld at Mortagne, 7 - miles SSE. of Tour nay. Sarrington, Nottingham!, between • Normanton and Nottingham., Scarsclale , a rich, fruitful trait, in the NE. part of Derby fiSi re, furroundetl by harrefi rocks and mountains. Scarthingwell, Yorkf. near Sherbora. Scartho, Lincolnf. S. o.f Grimfby. Sc as cal, Cumberland, NAY. of Ravenglafs. Scarva , in Down, Ulflcr, on the Newly SCH Newry canal, '67 miles from Dublin. Scarwagh Pass, in Down, Ulfter. Scar- rawalsh, in Wexford, Lcinder. s Scasu'orth , Nottinghamf. by the Idle? E. of Bantree. Scairick , an ifland in Strangfo^l Lake, in Down, IJlfter. Scat ten/, an ifland. of Kerry, Mundhr, in the Shannon. Scaudeu, North umberl. in the barony of Wark. Scaupwick , Lincolnf. S. of Norton. Scawsby, Yorkf. W. of Don- cader. Scechesley, Leicef. hy Hinckley. Scarborough, or Scarborough, Y orkf.* NE. of Wighton. Schafehausen, a town of Swifler- land, capital of a canton of the fame name, fituated on the N. fhore of the Rhine, near a celebrated ' catara 61. it was formerly an imperial town, governed by an ariftosracy, but was admitted a member of the Helvetic confederacy in 1501 ; its territory formed, or lately did, the twelfth canton in rank. The inha- bitants of this town are computed at 6000 ; but the number of - citizens or burgeffes (in whom the fupreme power ultimately refides) is about 1600. From thefe arc eledfed 85 members, who form the great and little council ; the fenate, or little councd of 25, being enjrufted with the executive power, and the great . council (including the fenate) finally de- ciding all appeals, and regulating the more important concerns of government. The town is tolerably well built, and is much noted for its wooden bridge over the Rhine. The river being extremely rapid here, had already deftroyed feveral ftone bridges of the urongefl condruc- tion, when, in 1754, Line Grubemnan, a carpenter of Tu Ten, in Appenzel, un- dertook to throw _a wooden bridge of a Tingle arch, over the river, which is near 400 feet wide. The magidrates, how- ever, required that ‘ it (hould confift of two arches, and that he (hould, for that purpofe, employ the middle pier of the old bridge. He has done fo ; but has contrived to leave it a matter of doubt, whether the bridge is fupported by the middle pier, or not. A man of the .flighted: weight feels it almofr tremble under him ; yet waggons heavily laden pafs over it continually without danger. It is what the Germans call hcengewerk, or hanging bridge; the (ides and top of it are covered; the road, which is almoft level, is not carried, as ufual, over the top of the arch, but (if the exprcllion may be ufed) is let into the middle of it, and there fufpended. The ingenious ar- chited]:, however, was totally unac- sen uainted with the theory of mechanics. Vil’els that go down the Rhine pay a toll here. The inhabitants are about 7000- Schaffhaufen is 2-2 miles N. by E. of Zurich. Lat. 47- 43. N. Ion. 8. 41. E. Schaffhausen, the fmalled canton of Swiflerland, bounded on the N. and W. by Suabia ; on the E. by part of Suabia, and the bilhopric of Conftance : and on the S. by the Rhine. It is about 5 leagues in length, and 3 in breadth, and contains 1 7 pariflies an*l 10 bailiwicks. The revenues oT the (late are not very confiderable, as will appear from the fa- lary of the burgomader, or chief of the republic, which barely amounts to 1501. a year. The reformation Was introduced herein 1529. The clergy are fupported hy the (late ; but their income is barely fufheient for their maintenance, the greated falary being only 1001. and the leaft.40l. per annum. The profeflors of literature, alfo, who are taken from the clergy, are paid hy government; and a fchool is fupported at the public expence. Sumptuary laws are in force here, as well as in mod parts of Swiflerland ; and no dancing is allowed except upon-particular .occasions. The paftures are good, and they export wine ; corn is moftly pro- cured from Suabia. The population of the canton, without including the towri of Schafthaufen, is efti mated at 23,000- Schalholf, or Skaalholt, a town of Iceland, the fee of a hi (hop, (to (which belong 163 churches) with a college, a cathedral, and a fchool. Lat. 64. 40. N. Ion. 22. 20. W. Schamachya, a town of Ferfla, ca- pital of Shirvan. It was formerly very large, hut is now decayed, above 6000 hpufes having been thrown down by an earthquake. (Chas, however, very large manufactories of (iiks and cottons, and is (bated on, the \V. fide of the Cafpian Sea, 250 miles NNE. of Tauris. Lat. 40. 50. N. Ion. 50. 4. E. S c h a n t 7. St e r n ey ? a fortrefs i n Ca- relia, feated on the river Neva, a little to the eaftward of Peterfburgh. S c h a r.d i n t g ; a town of Bavaria, feated on the river Inn* 7 miles S. of Paflaw. S c u a R N it z , a to wn in the Tyrolef e, fituated cn the confines of Bavaiia, near a mountain pafs of confiderablc im- pcrtance. Schawenburg, a territory of Wed- phalia, about 30 miles in length, and 10 in breadth; fubjedl partly to the Land- grave of Hefl'e, partly to the Duke of Brunfwick Lunenburg, and partly to the Count of Lippe. SCHELD, sen Scheld, orte of the moft conflderable rivers ' of the Netherlands, which rifes about S miles N. of Si. Quintin, in the department of Aifne, and palling by Cant- bray, Boucham, Valenciennes, Conde, Tournay, Oudenarde, Ghent, Dender- ntond, and Antwerp, divides itfelf into two branches below Fort Litlp. One of thefe, called the Eaftern- Scheld, flows by Bergen-op-Zoom : the other, the Weft- ern-Scheld, proceeds to Flulhing, and both forming feveral iflancls, empty them- fedves into the German Ocean. Schella, a town of Hungary, feated on the river Waag, (near a volcano, that burns continually) 25 miles NE. of Pref- burgh. Sc H elle nbu.rg, a town of Berfch- todfgaden in Bavaria, famous for the de- feat of the F rench and Bavarians, in 1704, by the Engl ilh and imperialifls, under the Dube of Marlborough and Prince Lewis of Baden. The former were very flrongly intrenched. It is 22 miles SSW. of ln- golftadt ; alfo a town of Erzgeburg, in Upper Saxony, and a town in the duchy of Weftphalia. Schilling, an ifland ofW.Friefland, at the entrance of the Zuyder-Zee, be- tween Vly ifland and Ameland. Schelly , Suflex, NE. of Horlham. Schemnitz, a town of Hungary, one of the feven mountain towns, defended by three caflles, and containing a college, and a royal mine office, in largenefs, and number of mine-works, it furpafles all the other mine-towns, in Hungary. The gold and fllver mines Imre Hill produce a conflderable quantity of ore. The work- men are in number above 5000. The ' yearly charges to the crown, of the mine- works here, amount to above 500,000 guilders, it is 14 miles S. of Kremnitz, and 92 E. of Vienna. Scheming, a town in E. Gothland. The annual fair here, on the 29th of July, is reckoned one of the greatell in the •whole kingdom, it is featdd in a fertile c uintry, on the river Skena, 8 miles SSE. of V alien a, and 17 SW. of Linkoping. SCHENCK, or SCHHNKENSHANS, a ftrong fortrefs of Guelderland, fituated in an angle of the Betuwe, (where the Rhine, divides itfelf into two branches, called the Wahaf and theRhine, two miles and a half N. of Cloves. It completely commands the two If reams, and is confidered as the centre of communication between Ger- many and Holland. Schenectady, a town of New York, fituated in a fertile foil, on the Mohawk’s river, 18 miles NW. of *!hany. S C H Schenincen, a town of Wolfenhut. tie, large and opulent, but now very much declined. Scher, a town of Suabia. Scherding, a town of Upper Ba- varia, fituated on the Inn, 6 miles S. of . Pafiaw. Schesburg, a town of Tranfilvania, 47 miles ESE. of Colofvar. Scheve, a town of N. Jutland. Scheveling, a village of Holland, agreeably fituated, about one league N W . from the Hague. Schiedam, a town of S. Holland, feated on the canal called the Sch'ie, which _ j communicates with the Maefe, a little ^ below the town, 4 miles W. of Rotter- |l dam. Schikcsler , or Si. Oswald's, in the Jj Pi&Vs Wall, near Caflle- Steeds, above & the conflux of theN- andS. Tyne. Sclnl- d mington , Northumberland, in the manor „ , of Ffcppal. • SchiltaCH, a town of W urtemburg. Schinznach, a town of Bern, cele- brated for its tepid mineral waters. Sc hi r as, a large and conflderable city of Perfla, capital of Farififtan, extending , about three miles in length from E. to \V . t but not fo much in breadth. Phe houfes are built of bricks dried in the fun, and the roofs are fiat and terraced. It con- % tains 15 handfome mofques, tiled with - floncs of a bluifh green colour, and lined within with black polilhed marble. Here ;| are alfo about 20 delightful public gar- I dens, with trees, the largeft of the kind, perhaps, in the world } and fruits almoft '< of every kind, beflde various beautiful flowers} but there are not many grand , bazars, nor fine baths. Melt of the build- . ^ ings, indeed, are in ruins, and the flreets are narrow and dirty. The country about Schiras is furprifingly fertile, producing j the fineft horfes, tee belt paltures, and fheep, whofe tails weigh 18 or 20 pounds each. The wines of Schiras are reckoned the belt throughout the Raft. It is'abojit . 190 miles S. of Ifpahan. Schirvan, part of the ancient Al- bania, a province of Perfla, bounded on the N. by Magellan, on the E. and SE. by the Cafpian Sea, on the SW. by Erivan, and on the M . by Georgia. It extends about 50 leagues in length, and SO in breadth, and has a very fertile foil, producing great quantities of rice, wheat, and barley. Mere are alfo vaft quantities of phen fa.nts and other wild iowls, with abundance of hares and foxes that run in- herds, in the night time, about^ the vil- lages, making- a doleful noife. I he m- flabifaqU S C II habitants ufe buffaloes (which they feed with fenugreek') inftcad of horfes, and make there draw in the fame manner. Scamaehie is the capital. SchlestaDT, a town in the dept, of Lower Rhine, feated on the river 111, IS miles SSW. of Strafburg. Schleussingen, a town of Hennin- gen, in Franconia, feated on the river ScL-’eus. Schmiedeberg, a town of jauer, in Silefia; a town of Meiffen, in Upper Saxony. Schoksmbre, Yorkf- SW. of Bradford. Scho.mberg, a town of Treves; . a town of Olmutz, in Moravia; and a town of Schweidnitz, in Silefia. Sch-ONECK, a town of Vogtland, in Upper Saxony. Schonen, Scania, or Skone, a pro- vince of Sweden, on the Sound, S. of Haland and Smaland, and W.of Blekin- gcn and the Baltic. It is about 65 miles in length, and 48 in breadth, and is a very level, fertile, ami pleafant country, con- taining more fine feats and well-built towns" than any other province in the kingdom ; and, indeed, from its many ad- vantages, it may be called the ftorehoufe and granary of Sweden. Lunden is the capital. SchONGAW, a town of Upper Bava- ! ria, feated on the Lech, 90 miles W . of ) Saltzburg. Schoonhoven, a town in S. Hoi- 1 land, with a very commodious haven, fitu- ated on the river Lech, in which there is : an excellent falmon-fifliery, 10 miles NE. of Dort. Schorndorf, a. town of Wurtem- burg, noted for its fait- fprings. It is 16 miles E. of Stutgard. Schouten, an ifiand in the Eafiern Indian Sea, about 120 miles in circum- ference, difcovered by William Schouten, a Dutchman, in 1616. Lat. 0. 50. S. Ion. 135. 25. E. Schoiven, an ifiand in Zealand, ly- ing betweeli the Iflands ofGoree and Be- yeriand; it is about 15 miles in length, and fix in breadth. Ziriczee is the capi- tal. Schut, a large ifiand of Hungary, a little below Freiburg, in the river Da- nube, about 30 miles in length, and 10 in its mean breadth. There is another ifiand of the lame name, feparated from the above by a branch of the Danube, about 20 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. Schwabach, a town of Anfpach, ip . Franconia, s c II Sc H WART Z EMEU R G, a lordfiup of Franconia ; a town of Erzgeburg, in Up- per Saxony ; and a town and bailiwick of Berne, in Swilferland. Schwatz, a town in the Tyrol, fa- mous for its mines of different metals ; it it feated on the river Inn, 14 miles ENE. of Infpruc. Schwartzburg, a town in Thurin- gia, giving name to a principality which is divided between the two principal branches of Schwartzburg, Sonderlhaufen, and Schwartzburg Rudolftadt. it is feat- ed on the river pchwartz, 22 miles SE. of Erfu.t. ScHWARTZENBURG,a town and bai- liwick of Berne, and a town and lordlhip of Franconia. Schweidnitz, a city of Silefia, capi- tal of a province of the fame name, (S. of the principalities of Lignitz and Brefiaw) in which are 14 towns, with fiourilhing linen and woollen manufadlures. It is the handfomelt town of Silefia, next to Brefiaw. The ftreets are large, the church elegant, and the . houfes well built. The royal-palace here, has been turned into a convent. All the magif- trates are Roman iffs, but moft of the in- habitants are Proteftants, who have 3 church without the town, as alio a pub- lic fchool. It is fituated on the river Weiftritz, 22 miles SW. of Brefiaw. Schweinfurt, or Suirford, an imperial town of Franconia, with a pa- lace, where the fenators meet, who are twelve in number, i'he environs abound in cattle, corn, and excellent wine, and the inhabitants, who are Proteftants, carry on a large trade in linen and woollen cloth, goofe-quills, and feathers. It is feated on the river Maine, over which it has a ftone bridge, 25 miles NNW. of Bamberg. Schweitz, a canton of Swilferland, bounded on the N. by the canton of Zu- rich; on the E. by the bailiwick of Gaf- ter, and the canton ofGlarus; on the S* by the canton of Uri; and on the W. by the cantons Lucerne, Zug, and Zurich. I his canton, with that of Uri and Undcr- walden, threw of the yoke of Auftria, January 13, 1308. In 1315, having given the Auftrians a total overthrow at Mor- garten, they formed a perpetual alli- ance> which was the grand foundation of the Helvetic confederacy. 'I'he name of Schwetzerland, Switzerland, or Swiifer- land, which originally comprehended only the three cantons meniioned above, was afterward extended to all Helvetia. I he governments of Schweitz and Uri contain, including S C I including their territories,- ptirchafed and aery tired, 'about 50,000 inhabitants, hardy, warlike, and difiinguifhed for the purity of their morals. The fame kind of foil, and the fame productions, are common to the two cantons. The country in ge- neral is rugged and mountainous, yet 'In- terfered with fertile vallicsq it confifts chiefly of pafture, raifes little corn, and has no wine: hut this foil, naturally bar- ren, has been improved by the natives to an aftonifhing degree of fertility. The government is democratic, every male 16 years old having a vote in the landefge- meine j hut the ordinary regency confifts of 60 counsellors, with a Iandgamman as prefident, viz. . ten from each 'of the fix quarters into which this country is di- vided. Out ot this council the principal officers are eledfod. The Roini fh reli- gion is here exclufively eftablifh^d. ' Sc h weitz, a town of Swiflprlamh ca- pita.! of the canton of the lame name, containing one large magnificent church, and three convents, hfisfeated in a fer- tile country, on the flope of a hill, near the Wald ft :et ter lake, 10 miles ESE. of Lucerne. ; Schwelm, ato\yn of Mark, in Wofl- phalia, hfcuaied on a rivulet of the fame' name, near fome medicinal fpring$ r 22 miles NE. of Cologne. . Schwerin, a city of Lower Saxonv, capital of the- duchy of Mccklen burgh Sr.inverin, the ufual refider.ee of the dukes of the Schwerin line. It is divided into four parts j namely, Schwerin, the New 1 oven, the Eland of Schelf, and the Moor. r i' he cathedral is a fine G otitic pile, with a lofty fpjre. The, ducal pa- lace and gardens are pleaftmtiy fituated on an if] and in the lake, and have a commu- nication with the town by a draw-bridge. E is fituated on a plea hint, lake of the fome name, abounding in fob, and which almoft furroundsthe town, 34 miles ESE. of Lubeck. Sen .VnigURC, a town pf Denmark, on the SC. co aft of t unen. Sri ati, a jinaU' iftand of-the Archipe- htgo, about l 3 miles N. of Aegropont. T ilhj K in Cork, Manlier, near -kinfale. IT inhabitants are the clef -en pants of an Kngijfh colony, who fir ft fettled here after the defeat of ’ he Spaniards, in the reign of Elizabeth. —They have: fevcral fifhing-vcf- fdls, and annually take great quantities of fob, which they cure for foreign markets and home confumption. A s they fcldoin marry out of the village,- they are, gene- ral 'v related to each other. Sc illy, a cluiter of illands and ro; SCI - which lie almoft 10 leagues to the W. of the Land s-End, in Cornwall, and are eafily difeerned from it. Of thefe, only five or fix are inhabited. They are f U p- pofed formerly to have produced much tin, but are now chiefly known as a refort of fea-fowl, and a place of fhelter for fhips in had weather. They are faid to be 145’ in number. The inhabitants principally fuhfift by fi filing, burning kelp, an cl ailing as pilots. They have wild-low of all forts, and tatne-fowl, puffins, and rabbits in great number. The chief of the iflands is St. Mary ’s, which is near 10 miles in circumference, and has- a good port. This iftand, which is the largeft: and beft cultivated, contains more, and richer inhabitants, than all the reft put together. It is defended by a caftle, bmit by Queen Elizabeth, and feveral ftrong batteries, one of which, towards the fea, is mounted with 64 pieces of .cannon, fome of them 18 pounders. Here 1 is alio a guard -houfe, barracks, a ftore- j houfe, with a company pf foldiers, a maf- ’ ter-gunner, and fix other gunners. In ' Sampfon Eland, which is the fin all eft, j only one family lives, which goes to the 3 place of worfhip in. the other illands, the ! only. communication, being by a beat. In * St. Mary's, and in two or three other of' the largeft i (lands, are various antiquities, . particularly the remains of a temple* of the Driuds, and .ancient l'epulchres ; but the greateft ornament . of this iftand is the ' light-houie, 51 feet high, the gallery of • which is four. The ialh-Iights are 1 1 ■ feet 6 inches high, and -3 feet 2 inches | broad. It (lands on high land, and is a ’ very fine column. 1 he Scilly rocks have ‘ been deftructive to numbers, of fhips en- ' fofing the Channel. One of the moft dif- ‘ citrous events of this kind happened OCfo- j ■her 2 ?d, 1707, when three mdn of war,- under Sir Poudeftey Shovel, were loft, with ail their, crews. Lat. 49- 56. N. ‘‘j Ion.. 6. 4 C W, Sc illy, a group of iflauds or fhoals in the S Pacific Ocean, difeovered by Cap- 1 tain Walks, n 1767, and deferibed as ex- ] tremcly dangerous. Lat. 16. 28. S. Ion. j i55., 3w. vv;. Scio, or Chios, one of the moft beau- -j tlful and pleafant iflauds of the Archipela- 4 go, near the coaft of Xatolia, to the S of : vlcreiin, and to the ME of Samos. It is about C >2 miles in length, and 15 in breadth* a mountainous country, yet pleafant, there 1 being fruits of various kinds growing in ' • the fields, fuch as oranges, ci irons, olives, mulberries, and pomegranates. Large quantities of pleafant wines are produced j fo're, , r,//y/4ff rtf 4 // ^ T LJI & T J S C L SCO iere, which they export to the neighbour- ing iflands; but their principal trade is in filks manufactured into velvet, dama/k, ind other fluffs, defigned for Ada, Egypt, and Barbary. They have alfo tome com- merce in w6ol,cheefe, figs* maffick, tur- pentine, honey, and wax. The women are accounted more polite than in other parts of the Levant ; their drefs is odd, yet very neat. The. partridges are tame, being fent every day into- the fields, and in the evening they are called hack wffh a whiffle. The town cf Scio is large, pleafant, and well built, the houfes being beautiful and commodious ; fome of them are terraced, and others covered with tiles. The ffrects are paved with flint ffones. The Venetians, while they had this ifland in their poffefllon, made a great many alterations for the better. 'I 'he caffle is an old citadel, built by the Genoefc. The harbour pf Scio is the rendezvous of all fhipping, that go to or come from Conftantinople, and will hold a fleet of fourfeore veil'd s. They reckon only 10,000 Turks, and 3000 Latins, but 100,000 Greeks, on this ifland. Scio is a biihop’s fee, and is feated on the fea-fide, 47 miles SSVV . of Smyrna. Sciredun , Devonfhire, on the Dart, be- tween Dartmore and Aflahurton. Sciros, an ifland of the Archipelago, to the W v of Metolin, about .15 miles in length, and 8 in breadth. It is a moun- tainous country, but has no mines, and contains about 300 families. Their cheele, which is made of the milk of. goats and fneep mixed together, and the wine, are excellent. They alfo collect large quan- tities of wax, and fome mafric. There is hut one town on the ifland, which is of the fame name, and is built on a rock, which runs up like a fugar-loaf, about 10 miles from the harbour of St. George, in lat. 38. 54. N. The inhabitants are Greeks, the cadi being the only Turk among them. Seif u at': , a town of Maffachuietts, on the S. coaff, and a town of Connec- ticut. Sclavonia, a country of Europe, fi- tuated S. of Hungary, and between the riyers Drave and Danube on the N. and 1 Save on the S. It is divided into fix counties, and is fubjedf to the houfe of Auffria. It was formerly a kingdom, and extends about 150 miles in length, and from 25- to 45 in breadth, from the frontiers of Croatia to Belgrade. It is a fine, level, fruitful country, where culti- vated, and the natives, in general, are a brave, hardy race, foldiers from their cra- dles. The eaftern part, which is called Ratzia, and the inhabitants Ratziaw, fotm a particular nation, and are of the Greek church. The language of Sclavo- nia is the mother of four others, namely, thofe of Hungary, Bohemia, Poland, and Ruflia. Scoggerbar, Cumberl. in Bootle pa- ri fir, near the lea. Sc.'!?, Norfolk. & coles, Yorkf. SWd of Halifax. Scone, or Scoone, a village of Perthfhire, feated on the E. fide of the river Tay, N. by W. of Perth. Here is the ancient royal palace of Scone, in which the kings of Scotland were crowned, in the cele- brated flone chair, which is now m IVeff- minffer Abbey. ScooNiE> a town of Fifefhire, 10 miles SW. of St. Andrew’s, and 17 NNE. of Edinburgh. Scopia, or Uscup, a town of I urk- ifli Seryla, fituated on the river Vardar, oii the confines of Bofnia. ScdpOlo, an ifland of the Archipela- go, at the entrance of the Gulf of Salo- nichi. It is about 10 miles in length and 5 in breadth, is Very fertile, produces plenty of good wine, and contains 1 d,000 inhabitants, who are almoft all Greeks. Stornston , Norf. S. ofWurffed. Scor- ton, Yorkf. NE. of Catterick. Session, •Nottingh. on theRvton,NE. ot W orkfop-. See l Ip/, Cumb. adjoining Kirkbr.de, near Cariiiie. Scot field , Bedfordf. NW. of Baklock. Scoljidd, Staff of df. NE. of Tam- worth. Scotjord, S. of Lancaffer. S col- grove, Kent, by Afln. Scothorn , NE. of Lincoln. Scothorp, Yorkf. SE. of Settle. Scotland, or North- Britain, the moft northern of the two kingdoms into which the ifland of Great Britain was for- merly divided. It is bounded on all Aides by the fea, except towards the S. ami SE. where it is joined" to England. ' he iflands, alfo, on its weffern coafr, called the Hebrides, or Weffern Iflands, and thofe to the NE. -called the Orkney and Shetland- Iflands, appertain to Scotland. From N.to S. Scotland extends about 270 miles, and from E. to W. in fome parts 150 miles, but in others only 30. Exclufively of the iflands, Scotland feems' to be naturally divided into- three large diftridfs. The North -divifion is formed by a chain of lakes, which crofs the coun- try from the Frith of Murray, to the ifland of Mull. The Middle d.vifion is bound- ed on the S. by the Friths of f ortlyand Clyde, and the great canal by which they are united; and, on the S. fide of this boundary is the South divHlon. I he Northern diyifion is chiefly an ailembhgo ofvafi dres-v mountains ; not, however. WlLUOUt SCO without fomc fertile vallies on the north- ern and eaftem ftiores. The Middle di- vifion is traverfed, in different directions, by many great ranges of mountains ; and though cultivation here is alfo found, es- pecially on the eaftern fhore, yet of this divifion, as well as of the former, it may be ohferved, that the arable land bears but a fmail proportion to the mountain- ous and barren tracls. However, the eaftern coaft of the Middle divifion, and the whole of the Southern, has a great refemblance to England, and with re- fpedl both to the general afpe£l of the country, and to the progrefs of cultiva- tion, exhibits every kind of rural variety. The rivers of Scotland, are, in general, remarkable for their rapidity, and yield abundance of falmon, trout, and other ex- cellent fifh ; the principal are the Spey, Don, Tay, Tweed, Clyde, Forth, the Northern Dee, the Efk, Annan, Nith, and Southern Dee ; and the lochs, or lakes, are numerous and extcnfive. The climate :is very various, in different places. The northern extremity, which is in the •fame latitude with feme parts of Norway, is extremely cold ; hut the frofts are far from being lb intenfe here as in parts of the continent equally as far to the north. For this advantage, Scotland is indebted to an infular fituation. Ps weft coaft is fubje£l to frequent rains in the fummer, and to fudden changes of weather. In many places; on the eaftern fhore, and in the whole South divifion, the climate is not inferior to the north part of England; and, in general, the air of Scotland is very healthy. The produdls of the country are grain, flax, woods of oak and fir, coal, lead, iron, frcc-ftone, lime-ftone, Hate, the moft beautiful marble, fine rock-cryftals, pearls, variegated pebbles, kelp, &e. It feeds vaft herds of cattle and flocks of fiieep; they arc both finall, but much va- lued for the delicacy of their flefh ; and the fleece of the latter emulates the fin eft Spanifti wool. It is in the high grounds that the cattle are fo diminutive; for, in many parts of the country, the horfes and cows are not excelled in fize and beauty by thole of the Englifh breed. Among the wild animals are the roe, flag, fox, badger, otter, hedge-hog, rabbit, weafel, mole, and otherfmali quadrupeds. Among the fea- thered race, are the capercailzie, or cock of the wootj, the eagle, falcon, partridge, quail, fnipe, plover, black-game, and groufe, &*c. The fifheries in the furround- ing leas are of great national importance, and will become a real fource of wealth td. the nation, when increafing commerce SCR {hall enable the inhabitants to form roads* ereel villages, and open canals, in the remote parts of the country. The trade and population of moft of the great towns have confiderably inereafed of late years, The weftern fnores, however, are annually drained of their inhabitants by the emi3| gration of individuals. Scotland was ar* independent kingdom till James VI. was called to the throne of England; and in the reign of Queen Anne, one of his fuc^ . cefl'ors, both kingdoms were united. un4 der the name of Great Britain. Sixteen >■ peers are eledled to reprefent the nobility, and 45 commoners to reprefent the coun- ties and boroughs in the fame parliament with that of England. There are five univerfities in Scotland, viz. St. An- drews, Glafgow, Edinburgh, New AberJ deen, and Old Aberdeen. Scotland is divided into 33 counties, namely, Shet-'; land and. Orkney, Bute, Caithnefs, Su- therland, Rofs, Cromarty, Nairne, In- vernefs, Murray, Banff’, Aberdeen, Kin- cardine, Angus, Perth, Fife, Kinrofs, - Clackmannan, Stirling, Dumbarton, Ar- gyle, Renfrew, Ayr, Wigton, Kirkcud- ] bright, Dumfries, Roxburgh, Selkirk, Peebles, Lanerk, Linlithgow, Edinburgh,' Haddington, and Berwick. The ella- ! blifhed religion is the Prefbyterian, and the capital is Edinburgh. Scotland , Dorfetf. a mile N, of Corfe- Caftle. Scotland-Green, Middlefex, E. of Ponder’s End. Scdtney, Kent, near Lyd r Scotney , Kent, near Lamberhurll. Scots J \ Suffolk, near Aldborough. Scot' s-Hall, i Kent, near Canterbury. Scot's- House, in Cavan, Ulfter. Scotland, Surry, near Godalmin. Scoislown , in Monaghan, Differ. Scotswmd , Northumberland, 2 miles : from Newcallle. Scatter , Lincolnftiire, 7 miles NNE. of Gainlborough. Scctto, Norfolk, SW. of Wurfted. Scotton , Yorkfhire, near Knarelborough. Scowles , Dorfetf. in Purbeck lfle. Scraba, a fruitful hill, in Down, Ulftev plowed nearly to its fummit. Scraby , in Cavan, Ulfter. Scr afield, Lincolnftiire, E. of Horn- caftle. Scrapioji , near Leicefter. Scras - ton , West, Yorkf. W. of Midlam. Scra- teaga, Middlefex, by Ofterley-IIoufe. Scranton , Y orkf. NE. of Bedall. Screeji , in Meath, Leinfter. Screven, Yorkf. near Knarethorcugh. Scr eve ton, N ot ti nghamf. near Sibthorp. Scrivelsby- Hall, Line, by the river Witham, neaij Ilorncaftle. This manor is held by grand ferjeantry, viz. to at- ; tend on the coronation days, on a good 4 war- | S C Y .war-hovfe, in pretence of the foveieign, to challenge any one that difputes the right to the crown. Scroby, Nottingh. by Bautree, in the road from London to York.. Scroplon , SW. of Derby, by the Dove. Scrotaglinu , in Kerry, Munfter. Scrotby , Norfolk, S. of’ Winterton- Nefs. Sculcoates , Yofklhire, a fuburb of Hull. Sculpius , EiVex, in Finching- field. Scudenes, an illand of Norway', about 20 miles in circumference, 18 miles NW. of Stavanger. Scurgulo, a town of Capitanata. Scurrizano ,a town of Capitanata. Scutari, a town of Turkey in Eu- rope, capital of Upper Albania, the re- fidencc of a bergleberg, a Greek arch- bifhop, and a Latin bifhop, and an- ciently the reiidence of the kings of II- lyricum. It is feat ed on a lake to which it gives name, 52 miles SE. of Ragufa. Scutari, a large and handfome town of Turkey in Aha, in Natolia, with a well- frequented harbour. It isfeated on the E. fide of Confiantinople, of which it is looked upon as a fuburb, being di- reclly over againft it. It contains the Grand Signor’s feraglio, and a very handfome mofquc, and is built on the fide of a hill. Scylla, a ro'ck, near the Faro of Medina, on the coaft of Calabria, oppo- fite the celebrated Charybdis ; which, though .the terror of ancient mariners, and the theme of poets, on account of its great whirlpool, is now, comparatively fpcaking, no longer formidable. This rock is about a mile from the entrance- of the Faro, and forms a final! promontory, which runs a little out to fea, and meets the wdiole force of the waters as they come out of the narrowed: parts of the Straits. The head of this promontory isthefamous Scylla. “Itmuftbe owned,” fays Mr. Brydone, “ that it does not altogether come up to the formidable de- feription that Homer gives of it ; the reading of which (like that of Shakc- fpeare’s Cliff) almoft makes one’s head giddy. Neither is the pafiage fo Won- drous narrow and difficult as he makes it. Indeed, it is probate, that the breadth of it is greatly incroafed -fince his time, by the violent impetuofity of the current; aruf this violence too mud always have diminifbed, in proportion as the breadth of the channel increafed. Our pilot fays, there are many fmall rocks that fhow their heads near the bale of the large ones. Thefe are probably tlie dogs that , S E A are deferibed as howling round the mon- iler Scylla. There aye likewife many ca- verns that add greatly to the noife of the water, and tend dill to incrcafe the hor- ror of the feene. The rock is near 2 00 feet high. There is a kind of caftle, or fort on its funvmit ; and the town of Scylla, or Sciglio, containing 3 or 400 inhabitants, ftam!§ on its S. fide, and gives the title of prince to a Calabrcle family.” S'eaboroug/i, Somerfctf. S. qf Crew- keen. Seabraham , or Sober gham, High- bound and Lowbound, Cumberland, near Wigton. Seachurch , Eflex, near Canvey- Ifle. Seacrojt, Yorkfliire, NE. of Leeds. Seaford, a fmall fea- port, or fifhing town, in Sullex, built raoftly cf done and date. It is one of the Cinque Ports, and is 8 'miles SSE. of Lewes, and 59 S. by E. of London. Market difufed. Seaford, in Down, Ulfter. Seal , Derbyfhire, near Afhby-de-la- Zouch. Seal, Devonf. E. of Okeharap- ton. Seal , Kpnt, 2 miles N. of Seven- oaks. Seal, Surry, E. of Farnham. Seal, Suffex, hear Stening. Seales, Wiltshire, near Mere. Seamelly , Lincolnf. NE. of Homcaftle. Seanier , a river in York fhire. Seanier , Yo.kf. NVY. of Stokef- ley. Seanier , Yorkf. SW. of Scarbo- rough. Seanier- Hall, and Beacon , Yorkf. N. of Scarborough. Seapatrick, in Down, Ulfter. Sea-Sailer, Kent, near the lea, 4 miles NE. of Feverffiam. Seas calcs, Cumb. in Gosforth parifh. Sectsey, Yorkf- SE. of Thirfk. Seasim , StafFordf. W. of Wol- verhampton. Scathorn , Yorkihire, in M older nefs . S ea/moorlhow, oxSeckmiu th y, Cumb. in the parifh of/Cockermouth. Seaton, or Port-Seaton, a fea-. port of Fladdingtonlhire. Here is a ruinous palace, in which Alary Queen of Scots refided, after her return from France. In the chapel are feveral curious marble monuments. It has a confider- abie trade in fait and coal, and is fitu- ated on the Frith cf Forth, 9 miles E. of Edinburgh. Seaton, a river in Cornwall, which rifes about 4 miles NE. of Lelkard, and after a conrfe of near 12 miles, rvins into tiie Englifb Channel, 3 miles E, of Loo. The town of the fame name, at its mouth, has, according to tradition, been fwallowed up in the encroachments of the lea. Seaton, Cumberland, near the fea, S. of Ravenglafs. Seaton, Cunr , in Bootle parilb. Sealo , Cumb. near- Workington. Here are very extenfive iron- works on the Derwent, and near it there is a confiderable lalmon ffihery. Seaton, SEB Seaton , Durham, in Seham parifh. Sea- ton, Northumljerland, .by the fea, E. of Alnwick. Seaton, Northumb. between Morpeth and the fea. Seaton , Yorkf. NW. of Holm, in Spalding-Moor. Sea- ton, Yorkf. in floldernefs, near Hornfey- Meer. Seaton Carey , Durham, by the fea, S. of Hartlepool. Seaton Delavit, North limb, by the fea, N. of Tinmouth. Seave?isha/e,or Sheweshi eld Castle, North- ern! berk on the Picl’s-Wall, near Bufy- - Gap. Seawall, Staff ordf. NE. of Wol- verhampton. Sebastia, a town of Palefline, the remains of the ancient city of Jamaira. It is 34 miles NNS. of Jerufalem. Sebastian, St.- a.town of Guipuf- coa, in Spain, with a good and well-fre- quented harbour, fecured by two moles, on which redoubts are planted, and within which only one (hip can pafs at a time. The flreets are long, broad, and flraight, and paved with white flag- floncs. The houfes are handfome, the churches neat, and the environs pleafant. It carries on a great trade, and is very populous, as feveral families are obliged to live in the fame houfe. Their greatefl trade confifls in iron and fteel, which fome afhnn to be the belt in Europe ; they alfo deal in wool, which comes from Old Calfile. On Augufl 3d, 1794, this ' place was invefled by the republican troops, and capitulated on the following day. The garrifon, confifting of 3000 men, furrendered prifoners of war: 180 pieces of brafs cannon were taken, with . confiderable, magazines and ftores. It is Ittuated at the mouth of the Gurumea, with a delightful profpecl of the fea on one fide, and a diftant view of the Py- renean mountains on the other, 50 miles NNE. of Bilboa. Sebastian, St. or Rio de Janeiro, a large, ‘well-built, and populous city and fea- port of Brafil, in S. America, capita] of the province of Rio Janeiro, and of late years, and at prefent, of all Brafil.' The city is well-defigned, and about .3 miles' in circuit. The houfes, in general, are of done, two ftories high ; every houfe having, after the manner of the Portuguefe, a little balcony before its Windows, and a lattice of wood be- fore the balcopy. The flreets are ftrait and of a convenient breadth, interfecung each other at right angles, it frauds, however, upon low ground, which was formerly fwarnpy, and furrounded byhills of vail height, which exclude the benefit of the > refrcfhing fea and land breezes ; fo that it is of courfe, fuflocatingly hot, and un- SEC healthy, in the fummer. The different a mechanics carry on' their bufinefs in clif- S tinct parts of the town ; particular ftreets jj being fet apar.t for. particular trades. On I the S', fide of a fpacious fquare is the pa- | lace of the viceroy. There are v no ma- dj nufadtures here, but much gold is brought 1 from the mines, and plenty of diamonds, a topazes, -and amethyfls. Forty thoufand 1 negroes are annually imported, to work i in the mines, on the king’s account. | 'Phis port is a very good place for fhips J to put into, that want refrefhment ; all 1 forts of provifioris, except Wheaten bread >1 and flour, maybe eafily procured; as a I fubftitute for bread, there are yams and ] caffava in plenty.' The country round j the town is beautiful in the highefide- - I gree, the wildeft fpots being varied with 1 a greater luxuriance of flowers, both as « to number mid beauty, than the befl 1 gardens in England. Upon tho trees » and bufhes fit an alihofl endlefs variety of birds. efpecialJy fmall ones, many of them covered- with the moft elegant plumage ; there is a groat variety of in- fedls, fome of them very beautiful, and much more nimble than thofc of Europe; 1 and the gardens produce melons, oranges, j lemons, citrons, plantains, bananas, ap- * pies, cocoa-nuts, the prickly pear, yams, caffava, and fome European fruits. Lat. j 22. 50. S. km. 42. 48. W. Alfo a town ' in the illand of Terceia, fituated between 1 mountains, about half a mile from the fea; and a town of Carthagena and Popa- ] van, both in S. America ; a town of jj Algarva, in Portugal ; and a town in the j the dept, of Lower Loire, 3 miles SE. of j Nantes. Skbenico, a fea- port of Dalmatia, \ capital of a county of the fame name, 1 with a bifhop’s fee, defended by four ci- j tadels and a caftle. It is feated near the * j mouth of the river Chorea, in the Adri- J atic, 25 miles MV. of Spalatro. Sebu, a river of Africa, which pafies j by the city of Fez, and runs into the \ Atlantic a little below Marmora. Seburg, a town in the dept, of the North, 12 miles S. of Conde. Sechura, a town of Truxillo, in S. America, lituated on a river of . the fame name, about a league from the Paci- fic Ocean, and 10 leagues SSE. of Payta, Sechy, or Seeching, a town in Nor- . folk, feated on a fmall navigable river, j near .which there are rich paftures for cattle, 4 miles S. of King’s Lynn, and 93 NNE. of London. A confiderabje market on Tuefday, and one once a fort- night for the tale of fat bullocks. -Sec k aw. S E G Seckaw, two towns of Stiria. Seckenheim, or Sobernheim, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine. Sec'ringen, a tow-n of Auftrian Sua- hia. It is one of the foreft towns, and has a large fquare, and an ancient and noble foundation for ladies. It is feated on the Rhine, by which it is furrounded, 14 miles E. of Bade. Sec lin, a town in the department of the North, a miles S, of Lille. Stidcington , Warwickfhire, near Tam- worth. Seckington, Leicelterfhire, near Higham. Sccomb , Chcfhire, SVV . of Li verpool- II aven . Secondigny, a town in the dept, of the Two Sevres. Sedan, a confiderable town in the department of the Ardennes, with a firong cafrle, a well-furmlhed arfenal, a foundry of cannon, and a mah.ufac.ture of black cloths of a fuperior quality. The celebrated Marflial JTurennc was born in the callle. It is feated on the river Maefe, 18 miles SE. of Rocroy, and 135 NNE. of Paris.' Sedbergh, Yorkf. on the river Rothcr, N. of Kirby Lonfdalc. Sedbury-Purk, Yorkf. near Richmond. Sedcop , Kent, 3 miles beyond Eltham, near Chifelhuril* Sedestern, Norfolk, SW. of Walfingham* Sedgbarrow, VVorcellevf. S. of Evelham. Sedgbroojk, Lincolnf. N. of Grantham. Sedghill, Wiltfliire. between W ardour- Caltle and Gillingham- Foreft. Sedgfield, with a reCory valued at from 7 to 8001. a year. It is fituated at fome diflance from the l ees, E. of Bilhop- Auckland. Sedgjord, Norf. by Snetfham. Sedg- ley y Staffordf. near Dudley, S. of Wol- verhampton. Here is a confiderable ma- nufaCure of coarfe iron- work, plough- Ihares, liorfe-fhoes, bolts and hinges for doors, bars for windows, buckles, nails, &c. employing not lefs than 2000 men and boys, in this parifh is a fat ihiuing coal, which burns with a filent bright flame into white afhes ; fome prefer it before Cannel-coal. Sedgmojr, Somerf. a trad! N. of the Parret, between King’s- Wefton and Bridgewater, is memorable for the defeat of the Duke of Mon- mouth and his paity, in 1685, by the forces of King James II. The duke was taken near Ringwood in Hants, as he lay hid in a ditch, covered with fern. Sedgwick Park, Sufiex, 3 miles SE. of Horlham. Sedtescomb, Suflex, 3 miles Irom Battel. See grave, Wilts, near Chip- penham. Seen, Wilts near Devizes. Seer, a fea-port and principality o Oman, in Arabia, on the Perfian Gulf. S E G Seez, a town in the department of Orne, late the fee of a bilhop. It is 12 miles N. of Alciv;on, and 102 W. by S. of Paris. Segary, Wiltshire, on the Avon, SE. of Malmfbury. Segeborg, a town of Holftein. Segelsbur g » a town of Bremen. " Segestan, a province of Perlia, an- ciently Drangiana, bounded by Korafau on the N. by Candahar and Sablcftan on the E. by Mecran on the S. and by Ker- man, Fariiftan, and Couheftau on the W. The country is, in general, moun- tainous ; the plains' are barren, covered with a fine land, which is fometimes railed by the winds in fuch a degree, as to overwhelm whole caravans, and the vallies are the only habitable parts. Ze- reng is the bapital. Segeswar, a town of Tranfylyania* capital of a county of the fame name. Segg erslouhaugh, NW. of Durham. Seggeswicky Weftmorland, on the Can, S- of Kendal. SeghUl, Northumberl. .near Tinmouth. Segna, a town of Morlachia, with a good harbour. It is a free port and town, under the protection of Auftfia, and is feated on the coait of the Adriatic* 100 mites NNWA of Spalatro. Segni, a town in the Campagna- di- Roma, where organs are fa id to have been invented. Segorea, a town of Valencia, con- taining from 5 to about G000. inhabitants. The fountain here is a great curiofity ] its water is wholefomc, clear, and well tailed ; it does not breed either reptiles or flies, and is remarkable for petrifying the roots and 'branches of the tract which grow by its fide, and even the channels through which it puffer,. Se- gorba is furrounded by well- cultivated gardens, the climate is mild, and the country is fertile in corn, wine, and every kind of fruit. Near it there are quarries of fine marble. It is feated" on the river Morviedro, 27 miles NW. of Valencia, and ISO E. of Madrid. Segnitz, a town of Anfpacb, in Franconia. Seconzac, a town in the department of the Charente, 15 mfies W. of An- goulelme. Segovia, a city of Spain, in Old Cciluic, the fee of a bilhop, containing 27 chuiches, 24 convents, and about 8000 houfis. Here the bed cloth in Spam is made, from the fine Spanifii v ooi, fo much eftcemed in other coun- tries. The manufacturing of this is one S E G part of their trade; in 1785, however, the number of their looms, formerly fo numerous, did not exceed 250 ; another is that of very fine paper. The cathe- dral, which is a mixture of the' Gothic and Moorifh arclii tenure, hands on one fide of the great fquare, and con- tains the fiatue of Mary in maify fiber. The alcazar is a well- preferred edifice, and was formerly the refidence of the Gothic kings. It is feated in the high eft part of the town, is covered with lead, and has 1 6 rooms richly adorned with tapeftry, a great deal of gilding, and fine ornaments of marble and por- phyry. The royal chapel is magnificently gilded., and embelliftied with fine paint- ings. The mint is fitrroundecl by a river, on which are mills employed in coining, and by which every thing is done almoft inftantaneoufiy. This mint was for fome time the only one in Spain ; of late another has been eftablifhed at Seville. The aqueduct is one of the ntoft aftonifhing and heft preferved of the Roman works ; it is 3000 paces in length, and is fupported by 177 arches of a ’pro- digious height, corifilting of two rows, riling majeftically one above the other. Its folidity, which has braved upwards of 16 centuries, feems inexplicable, on obferving the Simplicity of its conftruc- tion, and comparing the flender hafe with the wonderful height. Segovia is feted on a mountain between two hills, (which lingular fituation of the city ren- ders an aquedudi neceflary,) 45 miles NW. of Madrid. Segovia, a confiderahle town of Lucon, in the Manilla Iflands, founded in 1598 ; thefeeof a bifhop, defended by a fort and garrifon. It is li tuated nqar the N. coaft, 250 miles N. of Manilla. Segovia, a town of Terra- Pinna, in Venezuela, feated near a thountain, where there are mines of gold, 15 miles from Tucuyo. Lat. 7. 35. N. Ion. G7. 30. W. Segovia, New, a wwn of Mexico, in Nicaragua, 70 miles NNE. of Leon. Segra, a river of Spain, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and runs SW ’. through Catalonia,, palling by Balagucr, Lcrida, and Mequincz, where it falls into the Ebro. Segre, a town in the • department of the Mayne and Loire, 18 miles NW. of Angers. S'egravi ■, Leicefterf. SE. of Loughbo- rough. HegshiU, or Sexhiil , on the hotie- Way, 7 miles N. of Lcicdfter. Segton , Lancalhire, on the Alt, by Crofby. Seg ur, a towu in the dept, of the S E I Correze, and a town in the dept, of the Aveiron. Segura, a town of Portugal, in Beira. Segura, a town of Guipufcoa ; a town of Spanilh Eftramadura ; a town of Arragon ; a town of Murcia; and a town of Tlafcala, in Mexico. Segura, a river of Spain, which rifes in the SW. part of Murcia, erodes that province and the S. part of Valencia, and falls into the Mediterranean, 16 miles SSW. of Alicant. Seham, Durham, by the fea, S. of Sunderland. Seharanpour, a town and diftridt of Delhi, in Hindooftan, between the fumnah and the Ganges, 86 miles N. of Delhi. Se he stem, a town of Natangen, in Prullia. Seiches, a town in the dept, of the Mayne and Loire, 1 1 miles NE. of Angers, and a town in the dept, of the Lot and Garonne, 8 miles SW. of Lauzun. Scifincof , Gloucefterf. 4 miles from Stow, an d6 from Campden. Scigliford , NW. of Stafford. Seionelay, a town in the dept, of the Yonne, 6 miles N. of Auxerre. Seiks, The, a numerous nation of Hindooftan Proper, confiding of feveral fir all independent dates, that have formed a kind of federal union. They pclfefs the whole ’of Lahore, the principal part of MouTtan, and the \V . part of Delhi. This trail extends about 400 miles from NW, to SE. and is from 100 to 2ack alive ; their boat once Hack fall on the tops of trees, and they got it oil' w ith a great deal of difficulty. From the lake Benin, (the furt heft that Europeans have penetrated) it is 800 leagues to the mouth SEN ■ of this river, which is laid down in lat. 1 5. 50. N. It ftretches by a number of wind- ings to a prodigious length from E. to XV. and is believed to feparate the country of the Negroes from the moors of Zahara, or the Defert. Senegal, an ifland of Africa, fituated in the river Senegal, near its mouth ; about a mile' and a quarter in length, and half a mile in breadth. The inhabitants, who are about 3000, live chiefly on fllh and maize. Lat. 1G. 5. N. Setter- Castle, Cornwall, XV. of Treval- gan. Senez, a town in the dept. -of Lower Alps, 49 miles N\V. of Nice. Senftenberg, a town in the arch- duchy of Auftria, a town of Koningratz, in Bohemia ; and a town of Meiflen, in Upper Saxony. Seng lea, a town of the illand of Malta, divided by a canal from \ ittoriofa. It contains about 4000 inhabitants. Seng warden, a town of Kniphau- fen, in Lower Saxony. Sen halt iplon, Glouceflcr, near Winch- comb. Seningham, a town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais, 9 miles XV. of St. Omcr. Sen lis, a town in the dept, of Oife, lately the fee of a bilhop and noted for its cathedral, which has one of the higheft fteeples in France. It is feated on the de- clivity of a hill, by the river Nonette, al- ii i oft Unrounded by a large foreft, 20 miles NN \\ . of Meaux, and 27 NNE. of Paris. Sen Nar, a large town of Africa, in Nubia, capital of a kingdom of the fame name, which lies on the banks of the Nile, between Egypt and Abyflinia. It is 5 miles in circumference, and very po- pulous, containing near 100,000 inhabi- tants. The iioufes are all one ftory high, Hat roofed, and very ill built, but the fuburbs contain only cottages, covered with reeds. The king’s palace is fur- rounded by high walls, of bricks dried in the fun, but is only a confufed heap of buildings. The heats are exceffive, and in the rainy feafon the air is e.xtremely un- wholclome. There is a market every day in the week, in the middle of the town, where they fell all forts of pro- vilions and goods. They have alio a market near the king’s palace, were Haves are fold : the females fit on one , fide, and the males on another: the Egyptian merchants buy great numbers of them every year. Their horned cattle qre very large and fat, but the common meat fold in the market is camel’s fleih. 'i heir religion is Mahomctanifm. They •S E It are an ignorant, fupcrftitious, and yet a cunning fort of people. The women who can afford it, have flight garments of fiik, and wear rings' of various metals on their hair, arms, legs, cars, and fingers. Their legs are naked, and they have only a An- gle foie faff eh ed to their feet with ftrings. Other women and girls have clothes wrapped round them from the want to the knees. The men go aim oft naked. According to Mr. Bruce, their trade is not great ", they have no manufactures, and the principal article of confumption is blue cotton cloth from Surat. For- merly, when the ways were open, and merchants travelled in caravans with fafe- ty, Indian goods were brought to Sen- nar from Jidda, and then diiperfed over the black country. The return was made in gold, in powder called tibbar, civet, rhinoceros’ horns, ivory, oftrich feathers, and, above all, in Haves and glafs, more of which were exported from Sennar, than from all the reff of Africa put toge- ther. But this trade is almolt deftroyed ; fo is that of the gold and ivory. How- ever, the gold ftill keeps up its reputa- tion of being the pureft and belt in Africa, and is therefore bought at Mocha, to be carried to India, wfiere it all at laft cen- tres. Sennar is feated on an eminence, on the W. fide of the river Nile, in lat. 13. 34. N. Ion* 33. 30. E. Se n s, an ancient and confiderable town in the dept, of the Yonne ; before the re- volution, it was the fee of an archbiihop, and contained 16 parifh churches, and 14 abbeys and convents. It is feated on the Y onne, at its confluence with the Vannc, 60 miles SE. of Pales. Here were inter- red the dauphin and dauphinefs, parents of Louis XVI. Alfo a town in the dept. ofSaoneand Loire, 13 miles E. of Cha- lons, and a town in the dept, of Ille and \ ilaine, 14 miles NNE. of Rennes. Sepulveda, a town of Old Caftile. Serajo. See Bosna Serajo. Seramica, a river of Surinam, in S. America, which runs into the Atlantic, in lat. j. 54. N. and Ion. 55. 38, W. Serampcur, a town of Bengal, feat- ed on the river Kooghly, 12 miles S.of the town of Hooghly, It is a Danilh fettle- ment, and carries on a confiderable trade. Serava4.le, a town in the Milanele, Sercellj, a fea-port of Algiers. Serchio, a river of Italy, which rifes in Modena, and crofling the territory of Lucca, fails into the Tufcan Sea, 4 miles NNW. of Pifa. Serdob, a town of Ruffia, in the go- vernment of Saratov. It is fituated on X x 3 ' th.Q S E R trie Donetz, near its fource, 72 miles NW, of Saratov. Serdobol, a town of Rufiia, in the government of Wiburg, fituated on the lake Ladoga, 60 miles NNE. of Wiburg. &rebj/, Lincolnihire, near Glandford Bridge. Seregipo del-Rey, a fea-port of Brafil, in S. America, capital of a difiridL It is fituated on a river of the fame name, near the coafi of the Atlantic, about 100 miles NE. of St. Salvador. Lat. 11 . 42. S. Ion. 39. 46. W. Serena, a town of Spanifh Efirama- dura, a river of Chili, which runs into the S. Pacific Ocean, near to Quimbo. Sere nt, a town in the dept, of the Morbihan, 14 miles NE. ofVannes. Serfo, or Serpho, anciently Seri- phus, an ifland of the Archipelago, about 8 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. It is full of rugged and ftecp mountains, in which, however, are mines of iron and loadfione. The produce is but final), yet the onions are in great efieem. The an- cient Romans made this a place of ba- il ifhment. The inhabitants are all Greeks; they have but one town, called St. Ni- cholo, which is a poor place. Lat 37. 8. N. Ion. 24. 50. E. Seringapatam, a city of Kindoof- tan, lately capital of the kingdom of My- forc. It is fituated in an ifiand of the ri- ver Cauvery, This ifiand is a beautiful fpot, containing elegant buildings, fquares, groves, and gardens. The mau- foleum of Cyder Ah is one of the lhofi magnificent objects in this place : it is fituated on the S angle of the ifiand, near an elegant palace of Tippoo Sul- tan’s, and is furrounded by a grove of beautiful cvprefs trees. In 1792, Lord Cornwallis laid fiege to this city, and compelled Tippoo, fovereign of My fore, to fign a treaty, by which he made a ceflion of about one- third of his domi- nions to the E. India Company, and their allies, the Mahrattas, and the nizam of . the Deccan : and agreed to pay 3 crores and 30 lacks of rupees, towards the cx- penccs of the war. It is g30 miles WSW. of Madras. Lat. 12. 31. N. Ion. .70. 46. E. Serlbj/, \ orklhire, near Rautrc. Scr- Uhy> No tinghamf. near Blithe. Seronge. See Sirong. Serpa, a town of Alcntejo. Serqu'eux, a town in the depart- ment of the Upper Marne, G miles N. of Bouryoime. SERRH3, a town in the dept, of Upper Alps, 15 miles SW. of Gap.. SET Serret, a town of Natolia. Serverette, a town in the dept, of the Lozcre. Servia, a province of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the N. by the rivers Danube and Save, which feparate it from Hungary and Sclavonia ; on the E. by Walachia and Bulgaria; on the V/. by Bofnia and Dalmatia; and on the S. by Albania and Macedonia. This country conftitutes the W. part of the ancient Myfia. It was formerly divided into Ser- ver Proper and Rafcia, but at prefent is divided into four fangaicates, the names of which are Belgrade, Semendriab, Scu-.l pia, and Cratowo. Belgrade is the ca- pital. Servian, a town in the dept, of the Herault, 6 miles NE. of Beziers. Serviere, a town in the. dept, of the Lozere, and a town in the dept, of the Correze, 14 miles SE. of Tulle. Servulo, a cafile, feated upon a high mountain, 4 miles from Tricfte. Near it is the mouth of a famous cavern, in which the l'parry exudations have formed . a great variety of figures of blue and white colours. Sesia, a river of Italy, which rifes in t the Alps, on the borders of the Valais, and runs into the Po, a little below Cafal. Sessa, a town of Principato Citra. Sesto, a town in the Milanefe. Sestos, a cafile in Romania, feated on the Strait of the Dardanelles, about 24 miles SW. of Gallipoli, and oppefite ; A by d os. Sestri-di-Levante; a town of Ge- \ non. Sestri-di- Ponente, a town of Ge- noa. Setcheou, a city of China, of the firfi rank, in the province of Koei teheou. Seichfield , Hampfhire, NW. of the New ho reft. Setchuen, a province of China, hav- ing Chenfi on the N. and the kingdom of Thibet and other countries on the W. It is famous for its rhubarb, and the root fou-lin, which theChinefe phyficians in- troduce into all their prescriptions. Setcop, Kent, 3 miles from Eltham. Sething , Norfqlk, between Bungay and Norwich, Setimo, a town of Piedmont. Setines. See. Athens., Setledge, a river of Ilindoofian, the moft eaflcrly branch of the Indus. At Ei.ro fe pour, about midway between its fource and the Indus, it receives the Be-, yar, a river which rifes in .the Lahore country.. It rifes in the Thibet, and runs into ; ' ..,J‘ s E V . , S E V into the Indus, S. of Moultan, neafVeh. It had once a fine harbour, till choaked up with the land. Sefon, Devonf. between Axmouth and Brankomb. Set testy Passage, Gloucef- terfliire, over the Severn to Chepitow. . Settle, a pretty good town in tnc W. Riding of Yorkfi ieated on the nver Kibble, over which it has a ltone bridge, at the foot of the hills, which part this county from Lancafhire, 60 miles hNW. of York, and 233 NNW . of London. A weekly market cn Tucfday, and one on every other Monday for cattle. Settlezrood, Glouceftedliire, a hamlet to Hawkefbury. Settrington , ^ orki. near New Mai ton. Setuval. See St. Ubes. Seven Churches , in King’s County, Leinfter. SevenChurches ; fee Glendalough. Sevastopol, a town ot Latins, in Rufiia, fituated on the Black Sea, 80 miles S, of Pcrekop. Sevey, a river in \ orkf. which runs in- to the Derwent, between Cotehoule and Wickham. Seven Hills , Yorklhire, N. Ruling, be- tween Applegarth and Newfioreft. Seven Islands, a duller of i hands to that number, in the Frozen Ocean, lying in lat. 80. 31. N. Ion. 18. 48. E. Among thefe i (lands, the Racp-horfe and Caveats veffels, under Captain Phipps, were lur- roun.ied by the ice, from the -111 ot july to the 10th of Auguft, in the year 17 73, when a orilje wind at NNE. accomplilhed their deliverance, and laved them troni the dreadful profpedl of perifhmg by the winter polar cold. Seven il files Dyke, Cambridgelhire. *Sevenoaks, a town of Kent, fo named from even very great, high oaks which were near it when it was firft built. Here is an hofpital for the mainte- nance of aged peopu with a free-ichool, firft erected by W illiara Seven oaks, lord mayor of London in i 418, who is hud to have been a foundling, charitably edu- cated by a perfon of this town. It is a great thorouc liiarc on the road to Rye, and is fituated near the river Darent, 7 miles NW. ol i unorulge, anu 23 SE. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Seven Stones , C'ornw. at the rocks, be- tween Land's End and Scilly. r , Sever, SY. a town in the department of Landes, feated on the river Adour, 20 miles E. of Dax : alfo a town in the de- partment of Calvados , a town in the de- partment of Indre; and a town in the dept, of the Upper Pyrenees. Severina, St, a town of Calabria Ultra. Severino, St. two towns of Princi- pato Citra * anti a town of Ancona. Severn, a river of England, which rifes near Plynlimmon-Hill, in Montgo- meryfhire, v/hen taking a north- eaftcr’y diredfion it enters Shropfhire. It is na- vigable in its whole courfe through this county, and entering Worceflerlhire, runs through its whole length. In its courfe it waters Welfh Pool, Shrcwfbury, Bridge- north, Worcefter, Tewkefbury, Glou- cefter* and entering the fea, its mouth is called the Briftol Channel. A communi- cation between this river and the Thames, the Trent, the Dee, the Merfey, and other rivers, has been lately opened by a number of diiierent canals. Severn, The Vale of, a fpacious and extenfive vale in Gloucefterf. which borders both fides of the river Severn. Its fertile paftutes furndh the kingdom with that cheefe for which the county is fo juftly famous. In this vale, the air is fo mild, even in winter, that it feems tf> enjoy a different climate from that of the Cot Avoid Hills. Severn, a river of Maryland, which enters Chela peak Bay, by a broad mouth, a little below Annapolis. Se verndroog, a fea-port town of Hindooftan, fituated on an iflagd or pe* innfula, in the Concan county, 68 miles S. of Bombay ; near which was a fort that belonged to Angria the Pirate, which was taken by Commodore James, in 1736. Severn- Stoke, or Stoke -upon- Seve rn, Worceiterf. N. of Upton. St vero, Sr. a town of Cnpitanata. Severus’ H all, commonly called Graham’s Dike, in the W. of Scot- land. It is a work of the Romans, and fuppofed to be done by the emperor whofe name it bears, to prevent the incut non of the Pidls and Scots. It began at A ber- coni, on the Frith of Forth, 4 miles NE. of Linlithgow, and ran W. acrofs tnc county to the Frith of Clyde, ending at Kirkpatrick, near Dumbarton. Seville, a diitritt of Andalufia, called alfo Lower Andalufia, extending from Eltramadura and Cordova to the Atlantic and the Straits of Gibraltar** about 120 miles in length, and from 70 to 1 10 in breadth. Seville, an ancient city, (in Latin Hispalis, which the Arabians pro- nounced Ixhilla, and the Caftillians Sevilla) capital of Andalufia, one of the moft conliderable in Spain, and thp lee of an archbilhop. It is of a round form, and takes up more ground than Madrid, although it docs not contain fo X x 4 jnan y S E V S E Z many inhabitants. The Moors built an aquedudl here, (till to be feen, extending G miles in length. The cathedral is the largefl Gothic building in Spain, and is fuppofed 1 by fome travellers to be the largefl: church in the world, next to St. Peter’s at Rome ; the fteeple is of very cu- rious workmanfhip, and extremely high, confining of three towers, one above ano- ther, with galleries and balconies. Of the convents, which are 77 in number, that of St. Francis is the molt curious, adorned with a very handfome public fquare, in the midft of which is a fine fountain. It contains 160 monks, be- lide 1 40 lay brethren. The univerfity of Seville confifts of many colleges ; the profeifors enjoying rich penfions. Near the cathedral is the royal palace, called Alcazar, which was partly built alter the antique by the Moors, and partly in the modern tafle by king, Pedro; it is a mile in extent, and flanked by large fquare towers, built with ftones taken from the ancient temple of Hercules, faid to he the original founder of the city./ The ex- change is a fquare building, of the Tuf- can order, each front 100 feet in length, and 3 flories high. Thefuburbs, of which there are feveral, ftands on the other fide of the river. In this fuburb the houfe of the Inquifition is placed ; and here are the public walks where the inhabitants go to take the air. The town- houfe is adorned with a great number of flatues, and there is a large fquare bdfore it, with a fine fountain in the middle. In this city are 29 parifh churches, and 24 hofpitals rich- ly endowed. An academy of the belles lejttres was founded here in 1730. Under the Moors, Seville contained 600’, 000 in- habitants, and in the time of Ferdinand and Ifabella, 6000 looms were employed here; but at prefent, there are fcarcely 400 manufactures. Its fituatlon near the fea, renders if ftill, however, one of the moft commercial towns of Spain. The E. and W. India companies have their houfes here, where they are obliged to rc- gifler thcmfelves and their merchandife. Their fhips, indeed, flop in the harbour of Cadiz, but their lading is carried thence to Seville ; -and there all the gold and fil- ver is coined, there being above 600 men employed in the mint. The country about it is. extremely fertile in corn, wine, &c. and there is abundance of oil ; fcr to the W. of the river is a grove of olive trees, 30 miles in length. The Spaniards commbnly fay, £Luen no ha visto Sevilla , no ha vislo maravilla ; lie who has not feen Seville, has not feen a wonder. It is fltuated on the river Guadalquiyer, •over which it has a long bridge of boats, 4 b miles from the fea, 1 12 W. of Grana- da, and 212 S. by W. of Madrid. Lat. 37. 32. N. Ion. 5. 34. W. Sevinghampton , W Tits, near High- worth. Sevington , Kent, by the Stoure, 2 miles SE. ofAfhford. Sevington , Wilts, N. of Steeple, Afhton. Sevington , Ab- bots, Mary , and Michael, Somerfetfblre, near Ilminfler and South Petherton. Se- vion , or SeniOn, or Sevion , a river in Flintfhire, which runs into the Cluyd, near Ragland. Severs, The Two, a department of France, part of the late Poitou, fo named from two rivers, one of which flows W. by St. Maixent and Niort into the Bay of Bifcay, oppofite the Ifle of Rhe, and the other takes a NW. direction, pafl'es by Cliffon, and enters the river Loire, oppo- fite Nantes. This department lies W, of the department of Vienne, and E. of the department of La Vendee. Niort is the capital. Sevynvey, a river in Pembrokefhire, which rqns into the Clethy, near Llan- hadon. Sewad, a country of Cabul, in India, on the W. fide of the Indus It is moun- tainous, and full of llrong paffes. Sewalick, Mount, a chain of moun- tains in Afia, ftretching between Lahore and Thibet. AtHurdwar, the Ganges feems to force its way through this ridge into the plains of Hindcoflan. Sewards , Kent, near Lees Court. Se - wardslon, Eflex, in the parifh of Wal- tham-Holy-Crofs. S excot, Oxf. NE, of Iflip. Sewdley, Glouc. near Winch- comb, on a brook that runs into the Avon. Sewcrby, Yorkf. a tradt between Burlington and Flamborough Head, where a great number of goats are kept. Sewsiern , Leic. near Buckminfrer^ Sex- how, Yorkf. N. Riding, N. of Wharlton- Caftle. Seyssej,, a town in the dept, of Ain, divided into two parts by the Rhone, which hen* begins to be navigable, ft is 14 miles NNE. of Belley. Sezanne, a town in the departmentof Marne, plundered and burnt by rhe Eng- lifh in the year 1423. It is 27 miles NNW . of Troyes, aqd 65 SSE. of Paris. Sezay , Yorkf. SE. of Thirik. Shabu- ry, Shropf. on the Rodden, SE. of Wem. Shackehcell, Middl. a hamlet of Hackney. Shackleford, Surry, W. of Godalmin. Shackleford, Surry, near Working. Shack - stones, Ellex, E. of Chelmsford. Shad- ■■ brook, Suffolk. Shaddingjleld, Suffolk, 4 " 3 milc$ S II A 3 miles from Beccles. Shad forth, E. of Durham. Shadoxherst, Kent, -3 miles and a half S. of Afhford. Shadwe/l, Shropi SW. of Bifhop’s Caftle. Shad - well, Vorkf. NE. of Leeds. *Shaftsbury, or Shafton, an an- cient town of Dorfetfhirc, containing about 320 houfes, many of which are of free- (tone, a neat town-hall, where the quarter iefhons are held, a free-fehool, and lever al remains of antiquity. Water is fo lcaree here, that they are obliged to bring it from a great diflance, in pails, or on horfes. They enjoy, however, a wholc- fomc air, and have a very cxtenfive prof- peH over the counties of Dorlet, So- merfet, and Wilts. It is iituated in the northern extremity of the county, on a high hill, difficult of accefs, except on the E. 23 miles W. by S. of Salifbury, and 102 W. by S. of London. A con- liderable market on Saturday. Shaker ley, Lancaf. NE. of Leigh. Shakersion , Leicef. NW. of Bofworth. Shakiebury , Vorklhire, SW. of Ilum- baldkirk. Shcdborn , Wiltlhire, near Great Bedwin. Shalcross, Derbylhire, in the' High Peak. Shalder, , Hampffiire, NW. of Alton. Shales , Wefhnorl. on the Burbeck, W. of Orton. Shaky, Yorkf. NW. of Halifax. Shalfleet, Hants, Hie of Wight, in W. Medina. Shalford , EfTex, on Black water, NW. of Booking. Shaljord, Surry, a mile from Guilford. Shallaghan- Bridge, in Donegal, Ullter. Shallee, in Tipperary, M uniter. Shallington, Berks, E. of Farringdon. Shalloicjord, NW. of Stafford, by the Sow. ShalnisJ'ordnx\<\ Shahnsjord- Street, Kent, near Chartham. Shainley- Green, S urry, near W eft H orfley . Sharia golden, ox Shane golden, in Lime- rick, Munfter. Shamb ally more , in Cork, Munfter. Shane's- Cast le, in Antrim, Li- fter. Shane- Inn , in Kerry, Munfter. Shanedrum , or Shandrurn, in Cork, Munfter. Shanficld, Suffolk, S. of Beccles. Shangeuagh, in Dublin, Leinfter. Shankling, Ifle of Wight, near Bon- pliurch. Shankton , Lcicefterf. - 4 miles from Harborough. Sh a N n o N, the largcft river in Ireland, and one of the fineft id the Britilh Hies, rolling nearly from N. to S. 200 miles, and expanding in its courfe, in many places, into deep and fpacious lakes. It rifes from Lough Lean, in the county of Leitrim, and palling by Leitrim, Carrick, Lanefborough, Athlone, Killaloe, Lime- rick, See. runs into the Atlantic, between Kerry -Head and Cape Lean. From Li- merick to the Atlantic, it is navigable for S II A the largcft vcftcls. At fome diflance above Limerick, and a little below Killaloe, there is a ledge of rocks which interrupts the navigation of this fine river. Here, however, there is a valuable eel and fal- monfifhery; and from Killaloe to Car- rick-on-Shannon, near its fource, there is an inland navigation, which promiles the greateft advantages to the riling profpe- rity of Ireland. Shannon- Bridge, in Galway, Con- naught. Shannon- Bridge, in King’s County, Leinfter. Shannon-Grove , in Limerick, Munfter. Shannon- Park, in Cork, Munfter. Shanrahuh , in Wa- terford, Munfter. Shap, Weftmorland, at the fource of the Loder, between Orton and Penrith. It had once a famous abbey, built in 'll 1 9, of which little remains, except a tower and the ruins of an old bridge. A more ancient and permanent monument of human induftry, appears in fome great, ftones, like pyramids, which are placed in almoft a direct line, for a mile toge- ther, at 8, 10, and 12 yards diflance from each other, and are of fuch inmienfe weight, that no carriages, now in ufe, could fupport them. It was, probably, a place of druidical worfhip. Shappinsha, one of the Orkney Iflands, lying NE. of Mainland, or Po- mona, with about 80 boats belonging to it, moll of which are employed in fifhing. In the fummer they burn kelp, which produces, in fome feafons, upwards of 3000 tons, bringing near 20001. to the inhabitants. Shapwick, Dorfetf. ncav Blandford, on the Stour. Shapwick, Somerfetf. W. of Glaftonbury. Shannck-llall, Lancaf. NW. of Ortnfkirk. Shardington , Great and Little, Glouccftcrfhire, near Badge- worth. SJiareshill, Stafl’ordfhire, 2 miles from Cannock. Sharington, Norfolk*, W. of Holt. Sharlow, SE. of Derby, near the Dove. Sharnbrook, Bedfordf. near Balnhurlt. Sharnburn, or Sher- born, Norfolk, E. of Snelfbam. Sham- cole, Wilts, NW. of Crickladc. Sham- ford, Lcicefterf. SE. of Alton-Flamvil. Sharnhull, Dorfetfhirc, near Knoll and Buckland- Abbas. Sharp, or Thorncliff , Stafford!'. NE. of Leek. Sharpenho , Bcdfoidlhire, N. of the Sundons. Shar- perlon, Northumberland, near Harbottle- Caftle. Sharphavi, Somcrfetfhire, near Glaftonbury. Sharpliill, Vorkf. on the Oufe, SE. of Selby. Sharpnor- Castle, Ifle of Wight, a mile W. of Yarmouth. Sharp s-Place, Kent, S. of Sevenoaks. Sharsled, Kent, by Doddington. Shut- sham, Hants, near Titchfield, Shattcs- brook. S II E brook, Berks, W. of Windfor. Shation, Cmnberl. near Cockermouth. Shat ton , jDerbyf. in the High Peak. Shancomb , Ifle of Wight, S\V. of Weftover. Shau- fleet, Ifle of Wight, S W. of Newtown. Shavington,' Cheflrre, near Webbenhury. Shavinglon , Shropfhire, NW. of Dray- ton. Shauler , Ifle of Wight, by Ncw- port-Haven. Shaulston , NW. of Buck- ingham. Shavon , Northumb. NW. of Alnwick. Shavoya, a -country of Morocco, S. cf Fez and W. of Tedla, inhabited by mountaineers, who arc chiefly robbers. Shaw, Berks, near Newbury. Snare, Devonfhire, N, of Pivmpton. Shaw, Wilts, N. of Swindon. Shaw, Wilts, in Melkfham parifh. Shawborn, Berks, S. of Hungcrford. Shatrcross, Dcrbyf. in the High Peak. Shaw don, Northumb. W. of Alnwick. Shared, Leiceftcrf. S. of Lutterworth. Shawjord, Hants, on the Itching, l miles below Winchef- ter. Shawjord , Herts, NW of St. Al- ban's. Shaii/ard, StafFordf. SE. of Ec- clefhall. Shaw's, Cumberland, in the parifh of Lanercofh Shaxton, Leiceftcrf. K. of Hog's-Norton. Shay-Chapel, Lancaftiiie, SE. of Rochdale. Shea- bridge, Staffordf. between Whitmore and Newcaft'e- under - Line. Shcales, Kent, near Maidftone. Sheane, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Sheap, a river in Down, Differ. Shear ham ’don, Glmicef. in Henbury parifh. Shebbear, Devon!'. NW. of Ha- therlcig-h. Shades,- Wilts, in the pari fn of Mere. Sheen, East, Surry, a hamlet in the parifh of Mortlake, feated on an eminence near the Thames, between Richmond and Roehampton. Sheen, tVest, Surry, a hamlet in the parilh of Richmond. Mere Henry V. founded a convent of Cartlrgfians, within the “walls cf which Perkin Warbeck fought an afylum. An ancient gateway, the lalt remains of this priory, was taken down in 1770 ; and the whole hamlet, con- lifting of 18 houfes, was at the fame time demolimed, and the fite of it made into a lawn, and added to the king's in do fures. v Sheep-bridge, in Down, Differ, over the river Newry. Sheepcoat , Micidlef. near the Bedfonts. Sheephalt, Hertfordf. SE. of Stevenage. Sheepshead, Leicel. 0- miles from Lough- borough. Sheep- Land, in Down, Lifter, near G tin’s Ifland, in St rang ford - Bay. Sheep's- Head- Point, in Cork, M uniter, forms tiic S. entrance of Ban try- Bay. SHE Sheeps] tide, Herts, SW. of BifhopV ' Hatfield. Sheepwash, a fmall town of De- von (hire, 12 miles S of Biddeford, and 205 W. by S. of London. Market difnfed. Sheepy, , Great and Little , Lcicefterf. S. of Hog’s-Norton. Sheerness, a fort in Kent, feated on the northern point of the Ifle of Sheppey, at the W. Swale, or the principal mouth of the river Medway, 3 miles N. of Queenborough. The buildings belong- ing to it make a neat little town ; and there is alfo a dock-yard, and a chapel. Here is a fort built bv king Char’es II. after the infult of the Dutch, and in the room of that demolifhed at Queenbo- rough, with a hnc of cannon facing the water fide, which contains good apart- ments for the officers of the ordnance, navy, and garrifon. An excellent fpring was lately difeovered here, -before which the yard and garrifon were fupphed with frefh water from Chatham. It is reckoned one of the raoft unheathy fpots in the kingdom. Sheeshy Mountains, in Cork, Munflcr, in the barony of C' arbor} . Sheet, Hants, near Petersfield. ^Sheffield, a large* thriving, and populous town, in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire, long celebrated for its various hardware manufactories, which confift particularly of flee' 1 cutlery wares, plated goods, and various tools. It has been a ftnple for knives, or whittles, and files, above 300 years. It is reputed to excel Birmingham in this fort of wares ; as that does this town in locks, hinges, nails, and polifhed feed. Here are about 600 mafrer cutlers, incorporated by the ftyle of the cutlers of Hallamfhire, of which this is reckoned the chief town. By the Don, which is navigable within five miles of the'' town, it receives iron from Hull, and conveys thither its manufac- tures for exportation, which are not con- fined to tlie town, but extend feveral miles over the country, employing not lefs than 40,000 perions. its neighbour- hood abounds with coal, and there arc fome mines of alum. Here are alfo lcad- works and a (ilk- mill. It is- in a hilly fituation, and is chiefly fup plied with water by pipes from the high ground. A new market-place has been lately ereclcd here by the. Duke of Norfolk, on a com-, modious plan of Ihambles, frrongly in- clofcd ; and a large and elegant infirmary lias been lately completed. In the old parts of the town the itreets are narrow ; i) th$ SHE SHE the new parts, however, are mere com- modious, and the furrounding country affords a rich and beautiful variety of . landfcape. it is feated on the rivers Don and Shoaf, 34 miles N. of Derby, and 161 NW. by N. of London. A large market on Tuefday, particularly for corn. Fairs on Tuefday after Trinity Sunday, and November 28th. Sheffield, a town of Maffachufetts. Sheffield, Suilex, by Fletching. Shej- field- Mill, Berks, on the Ken net, 9 miles from Reading. Sheffield- Place, Sufifex, midway between E. Grinftead and Lewes. ShEFFORD. See SHELFORD. Sheffcrd , Magna , Berks, 4 miles SE. of Lambourn. Shefnal, a fmall town of Shroplhire, 9 miles NNE. of Bridgenorth, and 136 NW. of London. Market on Friday. Shelbred, Suffex, W. of Feruhurit. Shelburgh, Yorkf. N. of Doncafrer. Shelburne, a fiourifhing new town of Acadia, in the province of Nova Scotia, fituated at Port Rofeway, on the SE. coaft, 90 miles SW. of Halifax. It extends about two miles on tl>e water- fide, and one mile back, with wide itreets eroding each other at right angles. The harbour is deep, capacious, and fe- cure. About a mile from Shelburne, and feparated from it by a fmall river, is the Black- Town, containing about 1200 .free blacks, that ferved on the royal fide during the * merican war. Lat. 43. 50. N. Ion, 65. 15. W. Shelburne, in Wexford, Leinfler. Shelderton , Shropf. SW. of Onybury. Sheldesley, o r Sheldesley - W a sh, and S’nel- desley, Great, ox Beauchamp, Wore, on oppnfite (ides of the river Feme, NE. of Clithero. Sheldicks , Northumb. S. of Alnwick. Sheldon, Derbyfnire, in the High Peak Sheldon, Kent, by Deal. Sheldon, Warwicklhire, near Colefhill, Sheldon, Wilts, near Chippenham. Shel- d n Moor, Durham, SW'. of Bifliop- Auckland. Sheldrake, a river of Canada, which empties itfelf into the river St. Lawrence, in lat. 50. 20. N. and Ion. 64. 50. \V. Sheldwich , Kent, 3 miles S. of Fe- verfham. Slide, a river in Northumber- land, which runs into the Tyne, near its head, below Butterhaugh. Shele-Hall, Northumberl. SW. of Dilfron. Shelf, Yorkf. in the parilh of Halifax. Shelf- hanger, Norfolk, N. of Difs. Sheffield, Staifordf. NE. of Bloxwich. Shelford, a town of Bedfcrdlhire, fituated between two rivulets, which unite their ftreams a little below the town and fall into the Oufe, 9 miles S. of Bedford, and 41 N. of London. Market on Friday. Shelford, Nottingh.2 milesfrom Bing- ham. Shelf or d, Magna, Camhridgef. NW. of Linton. Shelford, E. or Parva, SE. of Shelford Magna. Shelaks , Shropf. NE. of Knoking-Callle. Shell a, a decayed town of Mo- rocco, 4 miles E. of Salee. It contains many Moorilh tombs, held in great ve- neration, and is confidered as a facred afylum, only to.be entered by Maho- metans. Shetland, Suffolk, by Stow- Market. Shelley, Efiex, contiguous to On gar, and only parted from Fyfield by the Rothing. Shelley, Suffolk, S. of Hadley. Shelley, Yorkfhire, near Bradford. Sh el- low- Bowel, Effex, S. of the Ro dings, near Roxwell. Shelsey ; fee Sheldefley, Shelswell, , Oxfordfhire, S. of Mixbury, Shelton , Bedfordf. the moli northern village in the county. Shelton, Norfolk, on the Waveney, near Tafborough. Suelton, Nottingh. between Bingham and Newark. Shelton, Shropf. W. of Shrcwtbury. Shelton, Staffordf. near Newcafile- under-Line. Shelton, Upper and Lower, Bedfordf. near Tilbrook. Shelvingborow, Kent, near Barham- Downs. Shelvington, E. and IF. Dorfetf. in Portilham parilh. Shelvock, Shropf. between Shrcwfoury and Ofweftry. Shcl- wich, near Hereford. Sheltcood , Surry, SW. of Ryegate. Shene, Staffordf. S. of Longnor. Sheffield, Effex, adjoining Brentwood. S hen gay, Carnb. on the river Cam, oppoftte to Cl pton, N W. of Rovfion. Sherd nglon, Glouceflerf. near Tewkelbury. Shetdey, Bucks, three miles from Fenny- Stratford, in the road from London to Chefter. Shcnley- Brockend, Bucks, in Shcnley parilh. S /tension , Staffordlhire, F. of Walfal. S herd on, Leicef. near Bofworth. S hen ton, Shropf. N. of Great Wenlock. Shenion, Shropf. NW. of Drayton. Shepardine , Glouc. on the hank of the Severn, N. of Old- bury. Shepemeadow, Suffolk, between Bcccles and Bungay. Shcperton , Mid- dlesex, on the Thames, oppofite to Walton. Shcpewash , SE. of Lincoln. Shepewash, Northumberl. on the Wanf- beck, between Morpeth and the lea. Shepherd' s- Bush, Middlcf. between Kcn- fington Gravel-Pits and Adlon. Shep- herd' s- For stall, Kent, near Sheldwicli. Shepherd' s-Heath, Camb. between Or- well and Foul mere. Shepherd’s. S II E Shepiierd’s-Town, a town of Vir- ginia. Sh.phove, Rants, S. of Odiatn. She- ■pislcfy Dcvonf. near Mcvy church. Shep- ley, Durham, near EgMeton. ' She bleu, Yerkf. \V. of Barnefley. Shepherd Isles, a clitfRr of finall bland*. in the S. Sea, to the fouthward of Malioollo. They are confklered. by feme ns belong ingAo the New Hebrides. Lat. 17. 0. S'. Ion. 1GB. 60. E. Sheppey, an ill and of Kent, in the mouth of the Thames/, feparated from the main land by a branch of the Mod- way, called the Kafr Swale. It yields plenty of corn, and feeds 'numerous flocks of fheep. A great number of ma- rine botanical plants grow in the fait inadhes. Shepscombe, Olouccf. in Painfwick pn- rifh. Shepton , Dorfeti. Sit. of Bridport. She plan- Beauchamp, '6om erf. Net. of 11- mi nfter. *Shepton-Mallet, a town of So- mcriedbirc, containing, with its popu- lous parifh, above 600 houfes and 9000 inhabitants, but the Greets arc very nar- raw, fteep, and irregular. It has a flourifhing manufacture of fecond-cloths, the principal material of which is fine Engtnbwool. in this, at prefent, about 4000 hands are daily employed ; befides which, there is a confidcrablc manufac- ture of knit dockings. , It is fituated among hills, well-watered with rivulets for thy clothiers hulinefs, 17 miles SW. of Bath, and 114 XV. of London. Mar- ket on Friday. Shepton- Montague, Somerf. S. of Bru- ton. Skepway, Kent, near Maidftone. Shepvay- Cross, Kent, between Wcften- hangcr and Lithe. Sherbarn , near Dur- ham. Sherbarn , Yorkf. SW. of Scar- borough. Sherbarn ; fee Sharnbjurn. RSherbqrn, an antient, large, and well inhabited town of Derfetlhire, con- taining about 20'00 inhabitants. It has a confiderahle manufacture of fiik throwing, as alio of buttons, bone- lace, and baberdalbcry wares, a*nd had formerly a great trade in medley cloth. It is very pleaiantly l'eated and watered by the river Parrot, which divides it into two parts, 40 miles XV. by S. of Salisbury, and 1 IB \Y. by S. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Saturday. Sherborn, a populous, well inha- bited town, in the W . Hiding of A ork- fhire, noted for its free-icbool, as alio for its orchards of a fine plum for pre- fer ving, called wine four, which cannot be cultivated in any other place, and for S II E its cherry orchards. A very high raifed Roman way runs from hence to Abcr- ford, which is four miles diftani . It is fituated at the, conflux' of the Wherfe and Oufe. with a harbour for barges, 14 miles SW. 'of York, and 181 N. by W. of London. Market on Saturday. Sherborn, Gloucefterf. 3 miles from Nortn Leech. Sherborn, Hants, near Fail Wortham. Sherborn, Oxfordfhirc, 6 miles from Wallingford. Sherborn , SW. of Warwick. Sherborn Monks, or West, and St. Johns, Hants, N.'of Ba- irn gftoke. S h E r b o R 0 u g h, an Engliih fettlcment in Guinea, at the mouth of Sherborougli River, 100 miles SE. of Sierra-Leone. Lat. 6. 0. N. Ion. If. 0. W. Sherbroke , Derbyf. SE. of Bolfover- Caflle. Sherburne, a town in Nantucket. S her delove, Bucks, in Anierfnam pa- rifh. Shore, Surry, on the river W ey, near Albury. Slier ej or d, Norfolk, near Fakenham. Sherencvlon, Monmouthi. W. of Chepilow. Sherenlon, E. ofGlou- ceilcr. Shcresby, Leiceftevfhire, NE. of Lutterworth. Sherjleld, Hants, near Bafingftoke. Sherjidd , Hants, W. of Rumfey. Sherjord , Devonf. by the fea, SW. of Dartmouth. Sherford , War- wickfliire, in Burton -Haftings parifh. Sherjord- Bridge, Dorfetfliire, leads to Purbeck lile. Sheriff- Hales, Stafforclf. NW. of Tong-Caftle. Sheriff- H utlen, near York. Sheriff- Muir, a heath in Perihfhire, near the Grampian Mountains, famous for an undecifive battle, fought here in 1716, between the royal army, under the Duke of Argyle, and the Pretender’s forces, under the Earl of Mar. Sheriff s-N annton, Worcef. N. of Pcr- fhorc. Shering , Eifcx, NW. oi Har- low. SJieringham, Norfolk, by the fea, \V. of Cromer. Sheringion , Bucks, near Newport- Pagnel. Sheringion, War- wickfhire, NE. of Brailcs, Sheringion , Wilts, near the W ilboiirn, E. of the Devercls. Skerkin Island, in Cork, Munffer,SW, of Baltimore-Bay. Shermanbury, Suflex, V . of Twine- ham. Sherpilen , Durham, near Hartle- pool. Sherston, Somerfetf. V . of So- merton. Sherston, Wilts, SW. of Malmfburv, Sherston, York!. E. of Wakefield. Sherston- Hock, Gloucei. in the Severn, near A uil-Paflage. Slier- veil, Devonfhire, NE. of Barnfraple, Shervood, a celebrated and cxtcnlive foreft, taking in glmoft all the W. part SHE of Nottinghamfhire. It is now flriptr of its woods, but, in fome parts of it, coal is obtained. Here are all'o feveral parks and fine feats.- Sherwood, in Carlow, Leinfter. Shefe, a river in Kent, which runs into the Medway, at Twyford Bridge. Shct- jord, Oxford thire, near S wadi ft. Sheve, or Shelve-, Shropfhire, near Stiperftones- Hill. Sheviock , Cornwall, near Tre- niaton-Callle. Shetland, the* general name of a duller of iflands, which lie about 100 miles NNE. of Caithnefslhire, between o9. 56. and 61. 11. N. lat. They are reckoned to be forty-fix in number, . belides forty f mailer, called Helms, which ptoduce pallure, and as many barren. The names of the principal are Main- land, Yell, Unit, Fula, and Pheder- froy. Phe defeription already given of the largefl, or Mainland, may be applied to the others, as to the particu- lars of climate, inhabitants, &c. and the .fame may be laid of the Orcades. In all thel'e illands the Aurora Boreales, or Merry Dancers , as they are called by the inhabitants, are very remarkable. 'Ihey are the conftant attendants of clear even- ings, and prove great reliefs amid the gloom of the long winter nights. They commonly appear at twilight near the horizou, of a dun colour, approaching to yellow ; fometimes continuing in that flute for feveral hours, without any ap- parent motion ; after which they break out into Itreams of Itronger light, lpread- Jng into columns, and altering ilowly inta ten thouiand difterent lhapes, vary- ing their colours from all the tints of yellow, to the moft oblcure ruliet. They often cover the whole hemilphere, and then make the molt brilliant appearance. There is no light-houl’e in all thele illands, nor is tliere any chart of the coun- try extant, that can he depended upon. So many lhips, indeed, have been loll on the E. coal! of Shetland, elpecially within the '1 aft 20 years, that it may be of client. al fervice to. recommend the eredlion cf a kght-houle, on Nofs, a fmall illand, E. of Breilay. Of tliefe, fome of the moft ' remarkable cafes are the following. — in 1775, a Liverpool Ihip, oniy 2 men faved out of 24. in 1776, the Ceres, cf London, a Green- land Ihip, loft with her whole crew, in 1.779, a Dutch Greenland Ihip, loll, only one of the crew faved. in 1760, a Ruffian man of war, of 36 guns, on ly live men faved. In 1786, the Co uco r- Uia, a Danifti. Eait- India. Ihip, with, a S' H I valuable targo, outward-bound, only 13 of the crew faved; In 1789, a Dutch Greenland di p, only five of the crew faved. Shetland, with Orkney, forms one of the counties of Scotland. Lerwick is the capital. Shibden , Y'orkfhirc, NE. of Halifax. Shibden , Yorkf. near Barden-Tower and Chdce. Shidc. , die of Wight, in Weft Medina. Shidjidd, Hants, in Droxford parifh. ^Shields, S. and N. two very popu- lous fea-port towns, one in the county of Durham, and the other in Northum- berland, remarkable for being the mart where {hips take in their loading of coal, and where they make large quantities of fait, . as alfo of glafs. They are leated on the oppofite tides of the river d yne, where there are eonitantly imtnenfe fleets of Ihip ping, 10 miles E. of Newcafiie. Shifnal. See Shefnal. Shifford, Oxfordf. between Bampton. and the Ins. Shilbuttle, Northumberi. between Warkworth and Alnwick. Shilbrook, Chdhire, SE. of Northwich. Shilburnhaugh , Northumberland, near Yarrow. Shildon , Devout, near Co- lumbftock. Shildrazc , Durham, W. of Lumley-Caftle. Shillelagh, in Wicklow, Leinfter; for- merly noted for its timber and oak fap- lings. Shilling ford, Berks, in Renfington prr- rith. Skillingford, Devon f. between Ex- eter -and. Chudleigh. Shilingham , Corn- wall, near Trematon-Caftic. Shilling - Park , Sullex; E. of Blackdown-i till. ShiUingston , Dorfetf. near the Stour and Bambicdon and Hodde-Hills. Shilling - Ion, Durham, NE. of Darlington. Shil- ton, Berks, 2 miles from Burford. Shil- ton, Devonf. in Modbury parifh. Shil- ton, Nottinghamfhire, S. of Newark. Shilton, Oxfordf. S. of Burford. Shilton, W arwickfhire, near Coventry. Shilling- ton, Nortbumb. S W, of Morpeth. Slump - ling , Norfolk, near Difs. Shimpling , Suffolk,' by Lavenham. Shin, Loch, a lake in the SW. part of Sutherlandfhire, about 4 miles long, and one and a half wide. From it there ifllies a rapid ftream, which flows into the Frith of Dornock. Shinjicld, Berklhire, near Swallowfield. Shingen, a river ifland, formed by the mouths of the Zambcfa, near the coaft of Monomotapa, in Africa, about 40 leagues in circumference. Shir gey- Hall, Cambridge!'. near Saw- bridgeworih. Shingham . Norfolk, be- tween Swaifham and Downlnttn. Shin- , gle SHI ffe-Iialh Effex, near Epping. Shingles, Ifle of Wight, rocks in the lea, off the W. corner. Slung ley, Kent, in the pa- rith of Goudherft. Shinkley, near Dur- ham, on the Wear. Shinrone, in King’s County, Leinfter. Shin ton, Shropf. near Stottefdon. Ship- barn , Kent, near Fair-Lawn. Shipdam, ^Norfolk, NE. of \\ alton. Shipkam , So- merf. N. cf AxbridgS'. Ship/ak e, Oxfbrdf. by the Thames, two miles S. of Henley. Shipley , Derbyf. near the Ervvafh, S. of Codnor Caftle. Shipley , Northumherl. N. of Alnwick. Shipley, Shropf. NE. of Bridgenorth. Shipley , Suffex, W. of Grinffead- Park. Shipley, Yorkf. near the fea, N. of Hornfey. Shipley, Yorkf. N. of Bradford. Shipley, Yorkf. S. of Almondbury. Shippensburg, a town of Pennsyl- vania. * Shipton, or Shipston, a neat, lit- tle, town in Worceflerf. (infulated, how- ever, in Warwicldhire) which Camden calls an ancient market for (keep. It has a declining .manufacture of fhags, and is feated on the river Stour, 1 1 miles SSW. of Stratford-upon-Avon, and 83 NW. of London. Market on Friday. Shipton , Berks, near Abingdon. Ship- ion, Buckingh. near Quainton. Shipton, Borfetf. 2 miles NE. of Barton. Shipton, Hants, S. of Tid worth. Shipton, Shropf. NE. of Purfiow. Shipton , Shropf. NW. of Prior’s Ditton. Shipton, Yorkf. NW. Ma rket-W igliton . Shipton, near York. Shipton, NW. of York. Shipton, Moigne, do ace f. 3 miles S', of Tetbury. Ship- ton- Mont acute, Somerf. near Wincaun- fon. Shipton, OLee and Solace, Gloucef. E. of Doddcfwell. Shipton-under- Whichxicood, Oxfordlh. NE. of Burford. Sh ip ton- upon- Charwdl, Oxfordf. NE. of Wootlfrock. Shirborn, a river in War- wickfhire, which runs into the Sow at Whitby. Shircock, in Cavan, Lifter. Shirehampton, Glouccl. in the par’fh of Wefbury on Trin. Shire- Head, Laucaf. in A mound era efs, near the fea- Shire-Oaks, Nottingh. a hamlet of Work fop. Shire- Oaks, Staffordihirc, between Walfal and Lichfield . Shire Oaks, Wilts, between -Box and Coldafton. Shir lan Derbyf. in the parifh eh Ufrcton. Shirley, Derbyf. SC. of Afhbounu Shirty, Surry, L. of Croydon. Sm ROM, a town of Thibet, 120. miles of Catmandu. Shirtlingtou-HaU , Northunvb. S. of Bel ting ham. Shirvan, or Schirv an, a province s h o of Perfia, bounded on the N. by Dagefbvtr, on the E. and SE. by the Cafpian Sea, on the S\Y r . by Erivan, and on the W. by Georgia; about ISO miles in length, and 90 in breadth. The foil is extremely fertile. The inhabitants draw with buf- faloes infiead of horfes, feeding them with' fenugreek. This country was part of the ancient Albania. Scamachieis the capital. Shistock, or Shustoke , Warwickf. NE. of Colefhih Shitiington, Bedfordf. near Flit ton. Shitiington, Yorkf. W. of Wake- held. Shittarjofd, Staffordf. W. of Kid- derm infer. ShiUestones-llill , Shropf. NE. of Ludlow. Shit Ler ton, Dorfetf. in the parifh of Bere-Regis. Skoals, Isles of, in N. America, cn the coafi of New Hampfhire. They lie very conveniently for the cod-fifhery, which was formerly carried on here to great advantage; but the inhabitants are now few and poor. Shobden, Heuef. N. ofPembridge. Shob- nal, Staffordfh. near Burton- upon -Trent." Shobrook, Devon f. nearCvediton. Shobury, N. and S. two villages in Eflex, near the mouth of the Thames, and oppofitc the ‘ Buoy of the Nore. Hence a point of land called Shodbury-Ness, which projects into the fea. Shoclach, Chef, on the Dee, W„ of Malpas. Shojlol, Hie of Wight, in E. Medina. Shojton, Northumherl. by the lea, S. of Bamburgh. Skoole, a large, but difagreeable town of Syria, feated on the river Orontes, over which there is a bridge of 13 arches, 45 miles SW. of Aleppo. There is a good caravauiaiy here, where every travel- ler is fupplied with a competent portion of bread, broth, and meat. Sholand, Kent, near Newnham. Shno- land, Surry, near Puttenham, Shooter' s- 11 ill, a village of Kent, (ituated on a hill fo called, 8 miles ESE of London, be- yond Blackheath, on the road to Dart- ford. From this hill there is a noble view of London, and into Efiox, Kent, Surry, and even part of Suffex. The Thames, alio makes a magnificent appearance from it. Shoot- up- H ill, Middlclex, nearKil- burn. Shop/and, Effcx, contiguous to So uth- Church, Prittlcweff, Sutton, and Barling. Shoreham, Kent, by the Der- went, 4 miles’ NW. ofSevenoaks. * Shoreham, a populous town of Suffex, chiefly noted -for (hip-building,, having a tide harbour for veffels of con- lidcrable burden, which is not iafe, as the fands are frequently (hifting. It com- mands the mouth of the river Adur, com- monly called New Shoreham, to dilhn- guifh.it from the Old, wnick lies near it. S II R md is now much decayed. It is 16 miles jNNW. of Newhaven, and 56 S. by VV. of London. Market on Saturday. Shoreham, a town of Vermont. Shorewell, N. and S. ifie of Wight, in Well Medina. Shorland, Kent, by Eaft- Churcb, N. of the Ifle of Shoppy. Short- land, Kent, in Pluckley pariflt. Shor Id- Wood, Shropf. near Bridgenorth. S'nor - ley, Heref. S. of Wigmore Caftle. Shor- ley, Northumb. on the South Tyne, near Ebchefter- Shorne, Kent, 3 miles and a half SE. of Gravcfend. Shortgravs , Ef- fex, 2 miles from Saffron Walden. Short- ley, Warw. near Coventry. Skotenden, Kent, near Lees Court. Sholery, Warw. W. of Stratford-upon-Avon. Shotley, Derbyf. near Wirkfworth. Shotley, Sui- fol k, near Orwell- H aven . Shotover- Forest, and Hills, on the E. and NE. fides of Ox- ford. It is noted for its large timber, for the belt ochre in the world, for a fort of earth which takes greufe out of clothes, and for an excellent kind of tobacco-pipe clay. Shotover, Milt , Surry, near Iiafie- mere. Shottesbroolc, Berks, near W hite- Waltham. Shottesham, Saif, near Wood- bridge. Shottesham, All Saints, St. Eo- tolph , and St. Martins, Nbrf. near Sax- lingham. Shotteswell, Warwick!, near Warmington. Sholton , Durham, N W .of Staindrop. Sholton , Durham, S. of Hard- wick. Sholton, No.thumb. E. of Oglc- Caftle. Sholton, Shropfnire, S. of Wem. Shotwich , and Sholwick Town let, NV\ . of C belter, on the Dee. Shouldby, Leicefterf. near Grimlton and Saxilby. Shouldham, Norfolk, SE. of Seechy. Shoy swell, Sufi'. N. of Burwafh. Shranel, Worcef. near Lvefliam. Shraxcarden, W. of Shrewf- bury, near the Severn. Shrawley, Wor- ccfterf. W. of Omberlley, on the Severn. Shrawton, Wilts, NW . of Stonehenge. Shredicol, Stafford!. NW. of Penkridgc. Shreicley , Warw. in the pariflt of Hatton. * Shrewsbury, a large and flourifh- ing *own of Shropfhire, capital of the county, fo called from the Saxon word Scrobbelberig, which fignifies a town built on a woody hill. It is well built, well lighted, and well paved, and con- tains about 2000 houfes, and 12,000 in- habitants. It is the chief mart for a coarfe kind of woollen cloth made in Montgo- lneryfhirc, called Welfh webs, which are bought up in all parts of the country, as much as come to about 10001. a week, and crelled here, whence they are fent * for exportation, principally to America and Flanders. Much of the Welfh flan- nel is a'ifo bought at Vv eifhpool by the drapers of this place, which is indeed a common mart for all forts of Welfh com- modities. It is alfo famous for its ex- cellent brawn, which is fent to various parts of the kingdom. One g'reat orna- ment of this town is the Quarry, one of the fineft promenades in England. It takes in 20 acres, is fhaded with a double row of lime trees, and has a fine double alcove in the centre, with feats. About 20 veffels are conftantly employed on the river Severn, between ShrewPoury, Glou- cefier, and Briflol. Shrewfbury has been long famous for its excellent brawn, and from the plenty of falmon, other fiih, and provifions of all forts ; is full of genteel families. It is beatifully fituated in a fort of horfe-lhoc, formed by the river Severn, 36 miles W. of Lichfield, and 160 NW. of London. Lat. 52. 43. N. Ion. 2. 41. W. Markets for corn, cattle, and provifions, on Wednefday and Saturday ; and on Thurlday for Welfh cottons, friezes, and flannels. Fairs, on Saturday after March 15 ; Wednefday after Ealter week; Wednefday before Holy Thurf- day ; July -3d; Auguft 12th; October 2d; and December J 2th. Shrewsbury, a large and populous town of New Jerfey, one of the oldefi in the ftate; alfo a river of New Jerfey, which runs into the lea, 3 miles S. of Sandy Hook; a town of Pennfylvania ; and a town of Mafiachufetts. Shrigleigh, Chelhire, in Macclesfield Forelt. Shripney, Suliex, W. of Yapton. Shrivenhujn, Berks, near Highworth, in W ilts. Shrcpham, Norf. near J hetford. Shropshire, or Salop, a county of England, bounded on the N. by Chef, and a detached part of Flintfhire ; on the E. by Staffordlhire; on the SE. by Wor- cefterfhire ; on the S. by Hcrcfordfhire ; on the SVV. by Itadnorlhire ; and on the W . by the counties of Montgomery and Denbigh. it extends upwards of 4U miles in length from N. to S. and is di- vided into 15 hundreds, which contain 16 market towns, 170 pari Ihes, 615 villages, and about ! 13,680 inhabitants. The air is falubrious, and not very lharp, except on the hills. The foil is generally fruit- ful, efpecially in the northern and eaftern parts, which produce plenty of wheat and barley ; but the fouthern and weftern be- ing mountainous, are Ids fertile, yet yield fufilcicnt pallure for Ihcep and cattle. There are mines of lead, copper, iron, liineftonc, freeftene, pipe-clay, and in- exhauftible coal-pits. Over molt oT the coal lies a ftratum of a blackilh, hard, po- rous fubftance, containing great quanti- ties of bitumen, which being ground to powber S I A powder in horfe-mills, and boiled in cop- pers of water, a bituminous matter fwims on the furface, that, by evaporation, is brought to the confiftencc of pitch ; or by the help of an oil diftilled from the fame fubftance, and mixed with it, may be thinned to a fort of tar ; both thefe fubftances ferve particularly for caulking of fhips, as well, if not better, than pitch and tar, it being lefs liable to crack. The wool of many parts of this country is re- markably fine. The principal rivers are the Severn, (which is navigable in every , quarter of the county) and the Tend. The capital is Shrewsbury. ^ Shroughton , Northamptonshire, 2 miles E. of Avno. Shroughton , or Ewrin Courtney , Dorfetf. E. of Stourminller. Shrubb's-LIill, Surry, inJEgbam parifh. Shrulc , in Mayo, Connaught. Shuckborough , Upper and Lower, War- wickf. SE. and E. of Southam. Shudefy , Gloucef. near Winchcomb. Shugborough , E. of Stafford. Shullington, Suflex, N. of Michel grove Skurdington , Gloucef. 5 miles from Cheltenham. ShurdingtOn, Little and Great , Gloucefterf. near Bad"-- worth Shurlachy Chefhire, near Nor th- wich. Shale, Devon f. SW. of Axmin- fler. Shutfordj Oxfordf. SW. of Banbu- ry. Sludhanger , Gloucefterfhire, a hamlet in the pariih of Turning. Shutlinghaw - Hill, Chefhire, in Macclesfield- Foreft . Shuttend , Staffordf. near King’s Swinford. ■Shutfington, Warwickf. near Seckington. • Shuttleworthy Lancaf. NE. of Blackburn. Shuttlsrcvrth, Lower, Chefhire, 3 miles from Macclesfield. Siam, a kingdom of Afin, bounded on the N. by that of Ava, on the E. by Cam- bodia and Laos, on the S, by a gulf of the fame name and Malaccha, and on the W. by the Bay of Bengal. It extends about 800 miles in length, and from 200 to OoO in breadth. It is divided into the Higher and Lower, and the foil produces plenty of rice, cotton, and a variety of fruits, different from thofe in Eurone. I'hc animals are alfo particular to thofe parts of the world. Some French authors, indeed, have extolled it as the fin eft and richeft country in the world. The inha- bitants, both men and women, go al* moft naked, except the wealthy, who wear rich garments. The king {hows himlelf but once a year to the common people. He is proprietor of all the lands in the country, and no one can buy any merchandize till he has the choice of them. He generally keeps a numerous army, among which arc 1000 elephants. It is a fiat country, which, in the rainy feafon, is S I B overflowed ; for which reafon, moft of the houfes are built on pillars, and they have no communication for fome months but by boats. It confifts of cultivated and uncultivated land, moft of it being of the latter, and covered with wood. There arc mines of gold, filver, tin, and copper, and they have plenty of pepper, aloes,, benjamin, and mufk. The moft profitable trees are thofe which produce cotton, oil, and varnifh. The women are the only merchants in buying- goods, the men being generally maintained by the induftry of their wives. The Europeans that come there to trade, it is faid, generally take wives for the time they ftay, who are not lefs in efteem when the men are gone. 'I'hc mandarins, that is, the principal men who daily attend the palace, are 3000 in number, and are wlnpt very feverely with fplit rattans for the leaft fault. Even the ladies are not exempted from this punifh- nient ; and they are fo far from being afhamed of it, that theyexpofe their backs as they go along the ftreets, to (how what they have undergone, thinking it an ho-, nour to be taken notice of by fo great a king. The inhabitants have large fore- heads, little noles, plump lips, apd black, fparkling eyes. Both fexes go bare-head- ed, and the men are of an olive colour, ! with little boards ; but the women are of j a firaw complexion, and fome have their cheeks a little red. They have abundance of wild animals in the woods, as ele-' phants, rhinocerofles, leopards, and tigers.; Their tame cattle are. beeves, buffaloes, and hogs, ofwhich they have plenty about) their farms ; befide which, there are large and dangerous crocodiles, and lerpents 20 feet long. Their temples and priefts are very numerous : the latter are diftinguifh- cd from the laity by an orange coloured garment, and they keep their heads, beards, and eyebrows, dole fhaved. The roofs of their temples are gilded, and many of their ftatues, and other caft works, are of gold ; yet they have fough t of late, in vain, for mine? either of gold or filver. They have fchools for the education of their children, and there is fcarce any among them but what can read and write. Siam, Odlam, Juthia, or Juda, is the ca- pital. Siara, a town and captainftiip on the coaft of Brafil, in lat. 3. 15. S. " Sibbene , Northumb. \V . of Fetherfton- haugh. Sibberds , Ferris , Grove , and, Lodge , Oxfordf. near Swacliff. Sibber scot, SW . of Shrewftmry. Sibbertswood , or Sibber tswold , Kent, NE. ofElham. Si s £ R I A, a large couiitry ? comprehend- ing W- S I B jing in its moft extenfive fenfe, all the northern part of the Ruffian empire, in Alia ; hut originally it denoted only the S. part of the government of Tobollki. It is bounded on the E. by the Eaftern Ocean, on the S. by Tartary, on the W. by Ruffin, and on the N. by the Frozen Ocean. It is about 3000 miles in length fronvE. to W. and 1200 in breadth from N. to S. The S, part produces all the ncceffiaries of life ; but the N. part is ex- tremely cold, almoft uncultivated, and confequently thin of people. The prin- cipal riches of Stbcria confift of fine ikins and furs. Toboilki is the capital town, where the viceroy relides. The inhabi- tants are principally of three forts, Pa- gans, or the original natives of the coun- try ; Mahometans ; and Ruffians. The 'former dwell in forefts in the winter, and in the fummcr, on the banks of rivers. Their garments are the Ikins of w r ild beads. They have bows, arrows, a knife, and a kettle, in which all their riches -conlift. They make ufe of rein-deers and dogs, in- ftead of horfes, to draw their fledges. They all live in huts, which they remove from place to - place. Thofe in the fouthern parts are not much more po- lite ; but they have horfes with which they go a hunting, and their houfes, though poor, are not Ihifted from place to place. The Ruffians fettled here are much the fame as in their native country. It is through this vaft tract of land the Ruffian caravans travel every year, when they carry their merchandife to China. The principal rivers are the Oby, Lena, Irtylh, Yenifei, and Okota. The weftern part of Siberia is comprifed in the Ruffian govern- ments of Tobollk and Kolyvan ; all the eaftern part is contained in the govern - mcnt of Irkutzk; thefe are fubdivided into fmaller diftridis. Siberia is the place to which t riminals, as well as perfons un- der the difpleafure of the court, are com- monly banilhed. Sibson, Huntf. between Chefterton and Samford. Sibston, Leicef. SW. of Bof- worth. Sibton, Suffolk, SW. ofYoxford. Sib thorp, Huntingdon!. SE. of Spa’id- wick. Sibthorp, Nottingham!, between Shelford and Norman ton. Sibton, Sheales, Northumberland, SW. of Hexham. Sieu, one of the Manilla iilands, about 80 leagues in Circumference. Its princi- pal produdlion is the borona, a fpecies of grain which ferves inftead of rice; alfo cotton, tobacco, wax, and civet. Its principal town, containing about 5000 houfes, is of the fame name. Lat. 10. 20. N. Ion. 122. E. s 1 D Sical, a town of Yucatan, in Mexico, fituated on the N. coaft, about 70 miles WNW. of Merida, fituated on the De- mcr. Sicily, an ifland of the Mediterranean Sea, almoft in the form of a triangle, ter- minating in three points or capes ; that which is neareft Italy, is called Capo del Faro ; that w r hich regards the Morea, Ca- po Paflaro ; and the third, which points to Africa, Capo-di-Boco. Sicily is fepa- parated from the kingdom ofNaples by a narrow ftrait, called the Faro, 7 miles acrofs ; and as Medina is feated on it, it is called the Faro-di-Meffina. The two kingdoms ofNaples and Sicily have near- ly the fame climate, and the productions are much the fame; b it Sicily abounds much more in corn, particularly in the vallies of Noto and Mazara. The valley of Demona has more forefts and fruit-trees than the two others. The quantity of corn and fdk exported annually from this ifland is eftimated at about 7 millions of ducats, of which, the article ofiilk ptoduces one million. Sicily is divided into the vallies juft mentioned, called Val-di-Demona, Val di-Noto, and Val-di-Mazara. It is about 156 miles in length, and 85 in its mean breadth. Its produce not already mentioned, is wine, oil, filk, and excel- lent fruits. Sicily was originally planted by different colonies from Greece, but the Romans became its conquerors, and held it in fubjedftion till the year 440, when the Vandals invaded this ifland. Thefe were driven away by Belifarius, and it became a part of the eaftern empire till the year 828. It was then conquered by the Saracens, who, in their turn, were driven out by Roger, the fon of Tan- cred, a Norman prince, who took the ti- tle of Count of Sicily, in 1080. His fon Roger united Sicily with Naples, and was crowned king of both Sicilies, in 1130. Charles, brother of St. Louis conquered it from the Norman princes; but Peter, king of Arragon, claiming the kingdom, was received by the Sicilians with open arms, was crowned at Palermo, and tranf- mitied Sicily to h>s defeendants. Fer- dinand V. united it with Naples. It is governed by a viceroy, who relides at Pa- lermo. Sickling- Hall, Yorkfhire, W. of We- ther by. Sicklington, Upper, Yorkfbire, ,in Thornhill panfh. Siddapour, a town in the Myfore country. Sidbury, Devonf. N. of Sidmouth. Sid - bury , Shropf. near N. Clebury. Sidcot , Yy Somerfetf. S I E Somerfetf. 16 miles from Briftol, on the road to Exeter. Siddinghause.n, a, town of Pader- born, in Weftphalia. Siddington , Cheihire, S\V . of Maccles- field. Siddington, Glouc. a mile from Cirenccfter. Siddlcham , Sufiex, N. of S el fey. Side, Gloucef. adjoining Brimpf- field. Sidenhale , Warw. near Coventry. Sidenliam, Kent, in Lewilham parilh. Si- de?! ii am, Oxfordf. S. of l ame. Siden- ham, North, Devonf. SE. of Li i ton. Sidenham , South , Devonfhire, NW. of I aviftock. Siderocansa, a town of Macedonia, 32 miles ESE. of Salonichi. Sideuvod-End, Surry, near Bifley. 'Sid- ing! on, Mary and Peter, Gloucefterf. by Cirencefter. Sidlaui, Surry, near Rye- gate. Sidlei/t, Sufiex, near Bexill. Sid- muntcn, Bcrkf. near Newbury. Sid/nan- ton , Hampfhire, near Kingfclere. * Sid mouth, a fea port of Devonf. fituated, or rather embofomed, , between two hills, at the mouth of the river Sid, on a bay of the Englifh Channel, 1.2 miles SE. of Exeter, and 158 W . by S. of Lon- don. It is a fmall place, but was one of the moft considerable towns in the coun- ty, before its harbour (now only fre- quented by filhing fmackfc) was choked up. As a watering-place, it is ftill much frequented, the air being remarkably fa- lubrious, and the fituation well adapted to confumptive invalids. Sidney , Surry, near Aw fold. Sidney, Sufiex, near Cuckfield. Sidney Cove. See Jackson, Port. Sidon, Sa'yd, or Seida, a lea-port in Palestine, containing about 5000 inha- bitants. It was anciently a place of great note, had an extenfive commerce, and is laid to be the place where glafs was in- dented. . Like all the other Turkilh towns, it is ill built, and full of ruins, but has ftill a confiderable trade, and is the emporium of Damafcus, and all the in- terior country. The French are, or were, till lately, the only Europeans here. The exports are filk, and raw and fpun cot- tons. It is the refidence of a T urkilh ba- fhaw, and is 55 miles W. of Damafcus. Sidra, an ifland of the Archipelago, lying between the Gulf of Napoli and that of Engia. Lat. 37. N. Ion. 24. E. Sidra, a fmall ifland, and a fpacious gulf on the coaft of Tripoly, anciently called Syrtis. Siege burgh, a* town of Berg, in W eflphalia. Siegen, a town of Nafiau Siegen, in Weftphalia, feated on a river ef the. fame name. S I E Sienna, a celebrated city of Italy, in Tufcany, capital of the Siennefe, contain- ing about 17,000 inhabitants. It is up- wards of 4 miles in circumference,; and lurroundcd by an old wall. The Gothic cathedral is coated with a black and white marble, within and without, and the pave- ment is of Mofaic work. The houfes are of brick, and theftreets are paved with the fame ; and here is, or lately w’as, a famous univerfity, and an academy of th e intro- ' natiy founded in the 16tb century. Si- enna is adorned with a great number of palaces, fountains, and fuperb churches, and with a magnificent hofpital. The great area is round, and the houfes about it are of the fame height, fupported by piazzas, under which the people may walk in all weathers. In the middle is a bafin, which they can fill with water at anytime, and reprefent a fea fight with' fmall veflels. The Italian language is taught here with fuch purity, that a great many foreigners refort to it on that ac- count. Sienna was formerly a free re- public, till conquered by the emperor Charles V. in 1554, whofe fon, Philip 1(. ! king of Spain, ceded all parts, except the Stato-de-gli Pradidii, to Cofino l. duke of Florence. It is feated on three emi- ' nences, in a healthy, fertile foil, 36 miles S. of Florence, and 105 N. by W. of Rome. Lat. 43. 1(>. N. Ion. 1 1. 1 1. E. Siennese, a duchy in Italy, on the Tufcan Sea, about 55 miles in length, and ■ as much in breadth. The foil is pretty fertile, efpecially in mulberry trees, and i there arefeveral mineral fprings. Sienna \ is the capital. Sierra Leone, a large and fruitfuL country on the W. coaft of Africa, lb - named, according to fome authors, by the Portuguefe, on account of the moun- tains on this coaft abounding with a great number of lions. Some extend its limits from the Grain Coaft on the SE. to Cape Verga or Vega on the NW. that is, between 7 and 10 deg. N. lat. Others, however, confine the country between Cape Verga and Cape Tagrin. Sierra Leone, called alfo Ritomsa and Tagrin, a great river of Africa, in the country of Guinea. Its fource is un- certain but its mouth, in lat. 8. 15. X. Ion. 12. 30. W. is 8 miles wide. In the open and plain country, on the banks of this river, the heat of the fun, before any breeze arifes, is al moft intolerable j but as a refrefhing gale conftantly fprings up about noon, it renders the country very iupportable. In 1791, an a6J of par- liament mt-K . ■ , S I F Irani ent was obtained, incorporating a company, called the Sierra Leone Com- , pany, for the ^exprefs purpofe of culti- vating Weft-India and other tropical pro- dudfions on tlie banks of this river, on ,> land purchased of the prince of thecoun- i try. The firft fettlers amounted to about I 200 white perfons, befide a number of free blacks from Nova Scotia. The na- tives appeared to be extremely friendly, and a few natives, in 1792, had come to work tor the colony. On the fetting in of the rains, about the latter end of May, the fame year, a confiderable de- gree of ficknefs and mortality prevailed, occafioned chiefly by the infufficiency of i the temporary habitations, which could I not be completed before the rains fet in. Thirty- five white perfons (of whom 14 were fokliers) and many of the blacks, died of this ficknefs. The next year, the fetting in of the rains was not pro- ductive of the fame fatal effe£!s. The colonilfs were in good health, were all put into pofleflion of fmall lots of land, and a new town, on a regular and ex- tended fcale, was begun to be built. Befide the Nova Scotia blacks, a large party of the natives were at work for the company, and the experiments in lugar, cotton. See. appeared to be promifing. The native chiefs and people continue to be extremely friendly and the com- pany’s fchools were regularly attended by upwards of 300 children, who appear to have made full as much improvement as is common in European fchools, under fimilar circumftances. The rice, cotton, and other articles in the company’s plan- tations thrive exceedingly. The colony appears to be gradually improving and advancing in every refpedt The river abounds in fifh, but is much infefled with alligators. The adjacent country produces abundance of millet and rice j and the woods are filled with parrots of various kinds, and other beautiful birds ; ferpents are found, fome of very large fize ; and numerous wild beafts, fuch aslions, tigers, elephants, wild boars, and monkeys. Sierra Leone, or Mountains of the Lions, mountains of Africa, which divide Nigritia from Guinea, andarefaid to extend as far as Abyffinia. Sierra Morena, a chain of moun- tains in Spain, which divide ’ Andalufia from New Caftile, and from a fmall part of Eftramadura. Sifanto, anciently SiPHN0s,an illand of the Archipelago, to the W. of Paros. . '1 he air is fo wholefome here, that many s I L of the inhabitants live to the age of 120, and their water, fruits, wild fowl, and poultry, are excellent, but more cfpe- cially the grapes. It is covered over with marble and granite, and they have lead mines, and yet it is one of the mod fertile, and belt cultivated of thefe iflands. The inhabitants employ themfelves in cultivating olive-trees and capers, and they have very good filk. They trade in figs, onions, wax, honey, firaw hats, fe- famum, and calicoes. Here arc 5 villages, and about 5000 inhabitants. Lat. 36. 37. N. Ion. 25. 15. E. Siffivemess, Herts, in Caldicote parifh. Sigean, a town in the dept., of the Aude, 9 miles S. of Narbonne. Near this place, Charles Martel defeated the Saracens in the year 1037. Sigeneurg, a town of Upper Bava- ria, fituated on the Ainbs. Sigeth, a town of Hungary, 50 miles E. of Munkacs. Sigelsthorp, Yorkf. by Horn fey- Mere. Sighill, Northumb. SW. of Seaton-De- laval. Si g si 07i, Yorkfhire, 2 miles from Northallerton. Sigtuna and Sigtund, towns of Sweden, in Upland. Siguenza, a town in Old Caftile, containing a cathedral, 3 churches, and between 7 and 800 houfes, with an univerfity, confifting of feveral col- leges, founded in 1441, by Cardinal Xi- menes. Jt is feated near the fource of the river Henares, 60 miles NE. of Madrid. Silchester, Hants, NE. of Kingfclere, a place of good repute in the time of the Romans, and where king Arthur was crowned, according to the Britifh hifto- rians. Its ancient walls are yet in a great meafure entire, and on the NE. fide of it is a noble piece of antiquity, a Roman amphitheatre, exadlly like that at Dor- chefter ; it has, however, time out of mind, been converted into a yard for cattle, and a watering pond. Britifh tiles, and Ro- man coins, are often dug up here. Silt* by, Leic. NE. of Mountforrel. Sileby , Lincolnfhire, N. of Alford. Silesburn , Warwickfhire, between Warwick and Alcefter. Silesia,- a province or duchy of Ger- many, faid to contain (in the whole coun- try) l80 s cities and towns, 4000 vallages, and 1,800,000 inhabitants. It is bounded on the N. by the mnrquifate of Branden- burg and Poland, on the S. by Moravia and Hungary, on the E. by Poland, and on the W . by Lower Lufatia and Bohe- mia. It is about 274 miles in length, and Y v 2 HO S I L SIM 100 In breadth. The principal rivers are, the Oder, Viftula, Neifle, Bober, Queis, Oppa, and Ivfe. A long chain of moun- tains feparates Silefia from Bohemia. There are mines of gold and filver; but they have not been worked for many years. '1 here are alfo fome precious flones, but too much time is required to obtain them. The higheft mountain of Silefia is called Zotenborg, fituated in the principality of Schweidnitz, and is 104 miles in circum- ference. 'i'he moll confiderable filver mines, at prefent, are at Reitftein, in the principality of Brieg. There are alfo mines of lead, copper, and iron, and quar- ries of various Hones, befidcs antimony, faltpctre, fulphur alum, vitriol, quickfik ver, 6cc, The principal manufacture is, linen cloth ; and they have alfo fome woollen manufa£tories, and glafshoufes. 'Fhcy feed a great number of cattle, have large ftuds of horfes, and plenty of the common forts of game in the woods. They have but few lynxes and bears, and fewer wolves, becaufe they give a ducat a head for every one that is killed. 'They have a great many lakes, full of pike, carp, and other good fifh ; alfo plenty of bees, which produce a great deal of honey and wax. They have wheat, barley, oats, millit-feed, and turnips, fufficient for the ufe of the inhabitants ; in fome places they cultivate falfron ; and the. culture of filk is likely to be carried to its utmoft extent. Their wine is very poor, and therefore they turn it mofily into vinegar* Silefia . is divided into the Upper and Lower. In the Upper, the inhabitants are generally Roman ills, fpeaking the Po- lifh language; and in the Lower, almoft all Proteftants, and fpeak their mother tongue-. Silefia is divided into 19 prin- cipalities, 'and 7 free Rates, without com- prehending the county of Glatz. The greater part of this country was ceded to the king of PrufTia, in 1742, by the treaty of B reflaw, the emprefs referring to her- felf only the principality of Tefchen ; the part of the principalities of Troppau and .Jaggerndorf beyond the Oppa; the part of tile principality of Neifl'e bordering on Moravia; and a fmalL diftrieft bordering on Moravia ; with fome frontier towns. Rceflaw is the capital of Pruffian, and Troppau of Bohemian Silefia. Siljorth, Yorkshire, E. of Pickering- Foreft. Silistria, or Dristra, a town of Bulgaria, feated near the Danube. Silk , Lincolnfhire, S. of Sleaford. -577- Iceslon , Yorkfhire, S\V . of Barnelley. <577- kesicorth, Durham, SW. of WearntouUi. Si Hand, Dorfetfhire SlLLABAR, OrCELLEBAR, 3 fea-port of Sumatra, SO miles SSE. of Bencsolen. Sille-le-Guillauml, a town in the department of Sarte, 18 miles NW. of Le Mans. Silleth , Cumb. in Abhey-Hohn parifh. Silmi'ton , Suffex. Silsden , Yorkfhire, near Holden- Beck. Silsey, Yorkfhire, NW. of Scarborough. * Silso, or Sixnlsho , between Bedford and Luton. Sillon , Dorfetfhire, near Mere. Sillon, Dorfetf. 2 miles and. a half from Gd’ing-' ham. Sillon, Yorkf. near Sigfton-Caftle. Silver mines, in Tipperary, Munfter, 77 miles from Dublin. Here are fome lead mines, with a mixture of filver, which, with thofe at Miltown, in Kerry, near the harbour of Caftlemain, are the only ones in Ireland that are wrought to any confi- derable extent. Silver side, Cumberland, near Naworth- Caflle. Silver sir eel, Herts, NW. of I heo- . balds. Silverton , Devon fhire, near Brnd- ninch. Its reclory is reckoned the beft ; living in the county. Silverton, North- amp ton (hi re, S. of Wbittlewood Foreft. j Silvingtpn, Shropfhire, SE. of Brown- Clee-Hill. Silves, a town of Algarve, fituated; on a river of the fame name, 15 miles ENE. of Lagos. Simancas, a town of Leon, fituated on the Douro, 8 miles SW. of Valladolid. Simbirsk, a government of Rufiia, N. of the government of Sarotov, and for- ' merly a province of the kingdom of Ca- • fan. The capital of the fame name, is feated on the river Volga, 380 miles i ESE. of Mofcow. Si ai me ren, a town and duchy in the palatinate of the Rhine, 2G miles SSW. ; of Coblentz. Simmington, V ilts, a mile SE. of Melkfham. Simondley, Derby f. in the High Peak. S:mo?idsborough, Dorfetf. near Bridport, on the river Simene. Si- vionsburn- Castle, Northumb. SW. of Swinburn-Caftle. Simondshall, Glou- ccfterf. in the parifh of Wotton- under- Edge. Sitnondside , Herts, by Hatfield. Simondsidc-Hiil, Northumb. NW. of Morpeth. Simon- Seat, Yorkfhire, N. of Barden- Tower. Simon's* St. See Frederica. Simontornya, a town of Tolna, in Hungary, fituated on the Sarand, 32 miles SSW. of Buda. Simonston, Lane, near Hapton-Tower and Pendle-Mill. Simondswood, Lane, a foreft SE. of Ormikirk. Simpson , Bucks, near Fenny- Statford. Sinai, S I N Sinai, a mountain in Arabia Petrca, in a peninfuli formed by the two arms of the Red Sea. The Mohometans hold it in great veneration ; and here the Chrif- tians have a monaftery, which formerly ; contained a great number of monks, and there were a great number of little cha- ; pels and cells for hermits. The monaf- i tery is furroimded by a high wall, and thofe that, go in and out, are let down j or drawn up in bafkets. It is 144 miles ESE. of Suez. Sincapora, a promontory at the S. extremity, of the peninfula of Malacca, which, with the Malacca coaft, form the Strait of Sincapore. Lat. 1. 10. N. Ion. 103. 30. E. Sinde. See Indus and Tatta. Sindcrby , Yorkf. W. of Thiifk. Sin- 1 drop , Nonhumb. SW. of Hexham. Sindy, a province of Hindooftan, j bounded on the W. by Makran, a pro- ! vince of Perfia; on the N. by the terri- tories of the king of Candahar ; on the NE/ by thofe of the Seiks ; on the E. by a fandy defert ; and on the SE. by Cutch. It extends along the courfe ol the river Sinde, or Indus, from its mouth to the frontiers of Moultan. Reckoned that way, it is about 300 miles long ; and its breadth, in its wkleft part, is about 1G0. In many particulars of loil and climate, and in the general appearance of the furface, Sindy not a little refembles Egypt ; the lower part of it being com- 1 poled of rich vegetable mould, and ex- tended into a wide delta ; while the up- 1 per part is a narrow flip of country, con- fined on the Perfian fide by a ridge of mountains, and on the other by a fandy defert, the river Indus, equal at leaft to the Nile, winding through the midfi: of this level valley, and annually overflowing it. During great part of the SW. mon- foon, dr our fummer quarter, which is the rainy fieafon in molt other parts of India, the atmofphere is here generally clouded, hut no rain falls, except very near t'c fea. Indeed, very few fhowers fall during the whole year j and, at the time when Capt. Hamilton vifited Tatta, no rain had fallen for 3 years before. Owing to this, and the neighbourhood of thS fandy" deierts, which bound it on the E. and on theNW. the heats arc fo yiolent, and the winds from thofe quar- ters fo pernicious that the lmufes gre contrived fo as to be oecafionaliy venti- lated by means of apertures on the tops pf them, rcfemhling the funnels of fmall , chimnies. When the hot winds prevail, tjie windows are clofely ftmt, by which the hottefl: part of the current of the air 8 I N (that ncareft the furface) is excluded ; and a cooler part, becaufe more- elevated, defeends into the houfe through the fun- nels. By this contrivance alfo, vafl: clouds of duft are excluded ; the entrance of which would alone he fufficient to ren- der the lroufes uninhabitable. The roofs arc compofed of thick layers of earth in-, ftead of terraces. Few countries are more unwholefome to European confti- tutions, particularly the lower ]fart of the delta. The prince is a Mahometan, tri- butary to the king of Candahar. He refides at Hydrabad, although Tatta is the capital. Phis province was con- quered, in 1739,' by Nadir Shah from the Great Mogul, and retained by Ab- dallah, when he feized the other pro- vinces which compote the empire of Can- dahar. The Hindoos, who were the ori- ginal inhabitants of Sindy, and were reckoned, in Captain Hamilton’s time, to outnumber the Mahometans ten to one, are treated with great rigour by their Mahometan governors, and are not permitted to erect any pagodas, or places of worthip ; and this feverity drives vaft numbers of them into other countries. The inland parts of Sindy produce falt- petre, fal- ammoniac, borax, hezoar, lapis- lazuli, and raw filk. They have alfo manufactures of cotton and filk of va- rious kinds; and they make fine cabi- nets, inlaid with ivory, and finely lacquered. They alfo export great quautities of but- ter, clarified and wrapped up in duppas, made of the hides of cattle. The women wear hoops of ivory on both their arms and legs, and when they die, they are burnt with them. They have large black cattle, excellent mutton, and fmall, hardy horfes. Their wild animals are deer, hares, antelopes, and foxes, which they hunt with dogs, leopards, and a fmall fierce creature called ihiahgufh. Singanfou, or Sing^N, a city of China, of the firft rank, capital of the province of Chenli. Next to Pekin, thu is the largcfi, and moft populous, and commercial city of China, and was for feveral ages the feat of the Chinefe empe- ror:. They breed up mules here in great, numbers, and fend them to Pekin. Lat. 34. 46. N. Ion. 108. 13. E- Singland, in Limerick, M under. Singlescale , Northampf. by I homey* Crofs and Can Water. Singleton, Suf- fix, near E. and W. Dear,. Singleton^ Great and Little, ^apeaf. N. of Marion- Mere and Mofs. Si n go, a town in Macedonia, li mated on the Gulf of Monte Santo. V y 3 ?IN<30> S I 0 Singor, a fea-port of Siam, on theE. eoaftof Malacca. Lat. 6. 40. N. Sinigaglia, a fea-port of Urbino, with two harbours, 28 miles ESE. of Urbino. Sinkleborough , Bucks, in the parifh of Great Horwood. Sivklees , Herts, near Watford. Sinrrington, Yorkfhire, near Kirby- Moorfide. Sinodun-Hill, Berks, on the Thames, near Brightwell. Sinope, or Sinob, a fea-port of Kiu- taja, in Natolia, the birth-place of Dio- genes, the famous cynic. The inhabit- ants, who are Turks, will not admit any Jews to refide here, and the Greeks live in the fuburbs. It is feated on an ifthmus of a peninfula, in the Black Sea, with two good harbours, 280 miles E. of Con- ftantincple. Sintzheim, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, 13 miles SSE. of Hei- delberg. Sion, orSiTTEN, a town of Swifler- land, capital of the Vallais, feated on a river of the fame name, which foon after falls into the Rhone. It contains fix churches, with fome convents, a college, and no lefs than 3 epifcopal palaces, all Handing one above the other. The high- eft, called Tourbillon, is old, ruinous, and defer ted;. Near the fecond, deno- minated Valeria, are the remains of the old cathedral, and a few houfes belonging to the canons. De Marjorei, the third, is the prefent epifcopal palace, an edifice of ftone, built in 1547 ; the apartments furnifhed with great plainnefsand fimpli- city. Sion was formerly the capital of the Scduni, who' inhabited this country In the time of Julius Caefar and fome Roman inferiptions ftill remain to atteft its antiquity, its bifhop is a prince of the empirje. It is 48 miles S. of Berne. Sion, a famous mountain of Judea, fituated on the S. fide of J^rnfalem. Sion-House, Middlefex, near the influx of the Brent into the Thames, Between !Brentfcrd>and Jfleworth. It is a noble, fquare, ftone building, finely finifbed and furnifhed, now one of the feats of the Duke of Northumberland. Sioto, a river of the United States in N. America, which rifes in theNW. ter- ritory, in lat. 40. 40. N. and Ion. 83. W. and falls into the Ohio, 12 miles W, from Wafhington. in Kentucky. Siout, Osiot, or Sciot, a large, populous, and well-built town in Egypt, with a lake dug near it, which ferves to ■water the grounds. Ithasfeverai mofques, and is the fee of a Copti bifhop. Its fituation on an artificial mount, denotes s i it its occupying the fite of an ancient city, thought to be Nicopolis, where the wolf was accounted a lacred animal. Here are, accordingly, the ruins of an ancient amphitheatre, and fome Roman fepulchres. It is furrounded by pleafant gardens, and fine palm-trees, that bear ' the beft dates in Egypt- This place is the rendezvous of thofe that go in the caravan to Sennar, in Nubia. It is about 2 miles W. of the river Nile, and 157 S. of Cairo. SlPHANTO. See Sifanto. Siphno, a town of theiflandof Nan- fio, in the Archipelago. Sipleigh , Devonf. on the river Dart, near Afhburton. Sipney , Bucks, in the parifh of Burnham. Sipson , Middlefex, in Tlarmondfworth parifh. Siradia, a town and palatinate of Great Poland, 100 miles NNW. of Cracow. Sir Albert's Bridge, in Donegal, Ulftcr, 120 miles from Dublin. Sire, a town of Abyftinia. Sir iind, a very ancient city and dif- ! tridf of Hindooftan, in Delhi. M. Con- damine fays, that'the art of weaving filk was brought back to Conftantinople, in : the 16th century, by the monks who re- turned from Sirhind (or Serinde, accord- ing to him) : for, although the art was brought into Europe under the Roman emperors, it had again been loft during the confufions that attended the fuhverfion of the weftern empire. Procopius, alfo, - lakes notice, that in the time of juftinian, ; (the 16th century) lil k was broughf from 1 Serinda , a country in India. Sirhind is 150 miles NW. of Delhi. Lat. 29. 55. N. Ion, 75. 15. E. Sir Charles Hardy’s Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, difeovered hyCapt. Carteret in 1 767. It is low, covered with wood, and pleafant. Lat. 4. 41. S. Ion. 153. 32. E. Sir Charles Saunders’ Island, i in the South Pacific Ocean, difeovered by Captain Wallis in 1767. It is about fix miles long from E. to W. with a moun- tain in the centre. The natives were not numerous, and appeared to live in a wretched manner. Lat. 17. 28. S,. Ion. 151- 4. W. Si rian, a fea-port of Pegu, frequented by the French, Englifh, and Dutch. It is 7 2 miles S. of Pegu. Sirinagur, a large, rugged country of India, bounded on the N. and NE. by the Thibet Mountains on the S. by Delhi and Rohilla $ and on the NW. by Lahore. glRINAGUR, S I V Sirinagur, the capital of a country of the fame name, , in India, 2'00 miles NNE. of Delhi. Lat. 30. 59. N. Ion. 78. 45. E. Strius Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, Lat. 10. 52. S. Ion. 1G2. 30. E. Sirmich, anciently Sirmium, a town and county of Sclavonia. Sirk, 04- Sierck, n town in the dept, of the Mofelle, fituated on, or near, the river Mofelle, 9 miles NNE. of Thionville. Sirmich, anciently Sirmium, a town and county of Sclavonia. Sironc, or Seronge, a large town of ITindooflan, in Mai wa, 132 miles NE. of Ougein. Si. verge, Wedinorl. S. of Kendal. Sise- teell, Suffolk, S.of Dnnwich. Sisingherst , Kent, near Cranbrook, was anciently written Saxen hurst. Sisland, Norfolk, nearLodden. Sisou Park , Rutland, near Grantham. vSissac, a towm of Bafil, in Swiflcr- land, capital of the fmall territory of Sif- gow, 13 miles SE. of Bafil. Sissopoli, a town of Romania, fitu- ated on the Black Sea, 7 5 miles NE. of Adrianople. Si st e ron, a town in the dept, of the Lower Alps, feated on the Durancp, 30 miles NE, of Apt. Sislbn , a village in Glouceflerfhire, fitu- ated in a plcafar.t vale, on a rivulet which runs into the Avon, 7 miles from Briftol. Tin ore has been found here; and here is a manufadiory of brafs, and another of falt-petre. Sisiou , Gloucef. in ftingf- wood-Fored. Sizzek, a town of Croatia. Sithny , Cornwall, near Helflon. Sitia, a town on the N. coaft of Can- dia, near a bay of the fame name. Sittart, a town of Juliers. Sitter, a river of Swiflerland, which rifes in the canton of Appenzel, and runs into the Thur, 9 miles SW. from St. Gall. *Sittingburn, a town in Kent, which being a great thoroughfare on the road from Rochcfter to Canterbury, has many convenient inns. At one of thefe, viz- the Red Lyon, a gentleman of the name of Norwood, treated king Henry V. and his retinue, on his return from France, when wine was but 2d. a quart, and every thing elfe was fo cheap in proportion, that the whole entertainment coft but 9s, 9d, it is 11 miles SE. of Rochefter, and 40 E. by S, of London, in the road to Canterbury. Siveis, Mount, Yorkf. E. Riding, P6?,r Acomb. S Iv E Sivray, or Civ roy, a town in the department of Vienne, 25 miles S. of Poitiers. Si was, a city of Caramania. Sixill, Abbey and Gratige , Line. SE. of Market- Raifin. *Six- mile Bridge, a fmall town of Clare, in M under, 102 miles from Dublin. Six-mile- Bridge, in Limerick, Mun- fter. Six-mile-Cross , in Tyrone, Lifter. Six-mile-lVater , in Antrim, Lifter. Six- mile- Water, in Cork, M under. Siwah, a town of Tripoli, on the frontiers of Egypt. Lat. 29. 45. N. Sizun, a town in the dept, of Finif- terre, 7 miles SE. of Landerneau. Skakehhorp, Yorkf. near Old and New Mai ton. Skate Park, Yorkihire, W. Riding, between Langikethdale and Ne- therdale. Skalholt. See Schalkolt. Skalingdam, Yorkf. N. Riding, SW. of Hinderwell. Skaneston , Yorkf. NE. of New Mai tou. Skandereorg, a town of N. Jut- land, where the kings of Denmark have a palace. Sjcara. See Scara. Skargil, Yorkf. S.of Barnard- Cadle. Skarth , North, Lancaf. by the fea, SW. of Dalton-Caftlc. Skawton, Y^orkf. SW. of Helmefley, Skeby, Y orkf. NE. of Richmond. Skeen, a town of Chriftiania, in Norway, 38 miles SSW. of Chriftiania. It is remarkable for its mines of iron and copper. Skeffington, Leicefterf. near Billcfdon. Skejiing, Yorkf. in Holdernefs, near Jlur- ftal- Abbey. Skegby , • Nottinghamftiire, near Mansfield. Skegby, Nottinghamf. SE. of Tuxford. Skegnes, Line. NE. of Wain fleet. Skeheeicrinky , in Cork, Munfter. Here is a large Cavern, which, when well lighted up, has the appearance of a vaulted cathedral, fupported by mafly pil- lars ; and the ft:ila£titeS, fpars, or calca- reous cryftals, form a very brilliant ap- pearance. Skelderskew, Yorkfhire, in Cleveland. Skeldick , Lincolnf. S. of Bofton. Skelig Islands, oft’ the coaft of Ker- ry, in Munfter. They are three in num- ber, and it is remarkable that thegannet never nel'les on any place in the £.of Ire- land, but on one of thefe. A rock on the N. coaft of the kingdom has the fame pe- culiarity. The Great Skelig is 3 leagues from the fliore, the others are but rocks of marble j 6 or 0 miles W. of Bray-Head. Y y 4 Shell t S K I SKY Shell, a river in Yorkfhire, which runs into the Youre, near Rippon. Skell- Jlale , a river in Yorkfhire, which runs in- to the Humber, between Haxflete and Rromflc-te. Shellinthorp , 2 miles W. of Lincoln. Skelmerch, Weftmorh N. of Kendal. Skelmersdale , Lancaf. SE. of Ormfkirk. Skellen , Cumber]. NW. of Penrith. Skelton, Y orkfhire, on the Hum- ber, SE. of How den. Skelton , Y orkf. on the Ure, NW. of Bcroughbridge. Skelton, Y orkf- on the river Marik, W . of Richmond. Skelton, Yorkfhire, N. Riding, S. of the Foreli of Galtres. Skel- ton, NW. of York. Skelton Castle, a town in the N. Riding - ofY orkfhire, between Kirklcatham and the fea. Market on Saturday. She mini ngrane, Y'orkf. NE. ofGilho- rough. Skendleby, Lincoln (hire, NE. of Spiifby. Sken frith- Castle, Monmouthf. on the Mynwy. Skern, a river in Durham, which runs into theTees, at Croflbri dge. Skernwcod, Northumb S. of Ainharn. Skening. See Scheming. Skerries, a final 1 fifhirig town, fitu- ated on the coaii of Dublin, in Leinfter, 17 miles from the metropolis. The Sker- ries- lflands, or rocks, are three in num- ber, and remarkable for producing great quantities of the fea-weed from which kelp is made. Sketby, a river in Merionethf. which runs into the Irifh Channel, below Hir- gum, W. of the Avon, or 3 miles NNW. from Barmouth. Skewers , Hants, near Baling. Skewes and Skiberio, Cornwall, S. of Hellion. * Skibbereen, a town of Cork, in M under, where the clothing trade, and dome of the linen manufactures, arc car- ried on. it is fea ted on the river Hen, 10 miles SE. of Ban try, and *61 from Dublin. Skiborra, Shropf. on the river Temde, S. of Cjun-Caftle. Skuibrook, Lincoln!. S. of Saltfleet. Skiclbu, Y'orkf. near Hull. Skid daw, a mountain of Cumberl. one of the moll remarkable in the king- dom, being of above a tboufand yards perpendicular height from the furfh.ee of the Lake of Derwentwater, and upwards of 8000 feet above the level of the lea. it is not difficult of accefs in fome parts, and is covered with grab, which gradual- ly grows coarfer in the afeent. At the top, however, the atmofphere is fo rari- licd as to prevent vegetation. The whole top .is, indeed, covered with a loofe, brown, ilaty fume, it is fix miles from Cockermouth, and Kefwick Hands near the foot of it. Skilgate, Somerfetf. E. of Dulverton. Skiltes, Warwickf. NW. of Henley in Ar- den. Skinbnrness, Cumberl. in Boulnefs parifn, near the fea. Ski nn and , Lincolnf. near Boothby. Skinning gi 'ave, Yorkshire, near Whitby. Skion, a town of Sweden, in Mele- padia, fituated near the coaft of the gulph of Bothnia, 30 miles S. of Hernofand. Skiplam, Y orkfhire, near Kirby-Moor- lide. Skipness, a village in Argylcfhire, 22 miles N. of Cam pl)el town. Skippon , a river in Lancaf. which runs into the Wire, near Thornton. Skipsey, Yorkf. by the fea, N. of Hornfey. Skipton Y'orkf. near Thirfk, Skipton, a pretty large, and tolerably well-built, town in the W. Riding of Yorkshire. It is concealed among’ pre- cipices, and feated on the river Aire, in that rough, rocky, mountainous trad, called Craven, near a navigable canal, by . which it communicates with all the late inland navigations, 44 miles W. of York, and 231 N. by W. of London. A plen- ; tiful market on Saturday. Skipwit/i , SE. of Y ork. Skirbeck , Lincolnf. near Bofton. Skir cotes, Y orkf. ; near Halifax, SkiridVawr, Monmouthf. a rocky mountain near Abergavenny. Shirk, in'Q.ueen’s County, Leinfter. Skirlow , N. and S. Yorkfhire, in Hol- derncis. Skirmingham, Durham, N. of Darlington. Skirbejibeik. Yorkfhire, near Vr ilton. Skirringham, Y orkfhire, on the 1 Derwent, S. of New Malton. Skirlon , near Lancafter. Skirwith, Cumberl. near ' KirkOfwald. Skor borough, Y'orkf. NW. of Beverley. Skorlori , Y orkf. 4 miles E. of Richmond. Skoulton, Norfolk, E. of Watton. Skrekinglon, Lincolnf. N. of Fokingham. Skretesby, Lincolnf. near Korncaftle. Skremby . Linconf. NE. of Spiifby. SkreutSf Eftex, near Chelmsford. Skrj, miner ste/i, North umberl. 2 miles S. of Berwick. Skull , in Cork, Munfter, near Skibbe- reen. Skull- Harbour, in Cork, Munfter. Skulthorp, Norfolk, NW. ofFakenham. Skutlcrby, Cumberl. near Solway-Mofs. Skye, an iftand of Scotland, one of the largeli of the \\ eft cm Blands’, or He- b rides. It is near 50 miles in length, and, in fome places, above .20 broad. The SE. end of .this ifland is fepa rated from inverncbfhire (to which it belongs) by a narrow channel, the narroweft part of which, cattle are made to fwim acrofs. Here is, notwithftanding fome moun- tainous trails, a great proportion of level ground, S L E ground, with excellent pafturage. There are all'o numbers of deer, and different kinds of game, in this ifland, which abounds with limeftone, marble, &c. The balaltic columns, refembling the Giant's Caufeway in Ireland, are its greateflctiriofity. A cave, at the E. end of the ifland, afforded an afylum, in 1746, to the difappointed Pretender, and his faithful .guide, for two nights. Many thoufands of black cattle are annually ex- ported hence. Some fmall horfes are bred, and a great quantity of kelp manu- fadlured here. Portree is the principal place in this ifland. Skyers , Yorkf. near Halifax. Skyt.Ji, Suffolk, N. of Mendlelham. Slad , Glou- cef. in fiainfwick parifh. Slad, or Slade , Gloucef. a hamlet to Miferden, Sladbom , Yorkf. W. Riding, near Rowland- Forelt. Slade , Devonf. NE. of Plympton. Slade Bay , in Waterford Harbour, Munfter. Slagtharait, or Slaworth , Yorkf. near Huthersfield. Slailburn , or Slandbnrn , Yorkf. near Barnefley. Slandbury, De- vonlhire, near Barnflaple. Slane, in Meath, Leinfler. Slavford, Nottinghaml'.near Edwalton. Slape, Dorfetf. near Netherby. Sluptoji, Bucks, NE. of Aylefbuvy. Slapton, De- vonlhire, SW. of Dartmouth. Slate, a peninfula of Skye, on the SE. fide of the ifland, terminating in a rugged promontory, called the Point of Slate. Slaty-Port, a little port of Carrickfer- gus-Bav, in Down, Ulfter, fo called from a flate-quarry which joins it. Slave-Coast, a tradl in Guinea, on the Atlantic, fituated between the Gold Coaft and Benin, and comprehending the diftridls of Ardra, Koto, Popo, and Whi- dah. Slaugham , Suflex, SE. of Horfham. Slaughden-Vale, Suffolk, near Alborough. Hereos a commodious quay, with ware- houfes for fiftrY and a little more to the S. are conveniencies for drying fifli. The fifhery, which is confiderable in the fen- fens for catching herrings and fprats, is the chief employment of the inhabitants, as likewife of tliofe of Aldborough ; and it is the only place in England for curing red fprats. Slaughter/ord, Wiltlhire, S. of Cafllecomb. Slaughterjordy Upper and Nether , Gloucefterfhire, near Stow-in- the Would. Slausion, Leicef. S. of Hal- laton. SLAWKAW, Or SCHLAKENWALD, a town of Elnbogen, Bohemia. Sleaford, New, fo called to diflin- guifh ft from Old Sleaford, in the neigh- s L I bourhood ; a populous, thriving town in Lincolnfhire, continually improving in its buildings. It is feated on a fmall, rapid, dream, which drives feveral corn and ful- ling mills, &c. near the town, and foon after falls into the Witham, 18 miles S. of Lincoln, and 115 N. of London. Mar- ket on Monday. Its markets on Mon- day after Epiphany, Eafler, and Whitfun- tide, are equal to lome great fairs. Fairs on Plow-Monday, Whit-Monday, Au- gufl 12th, and October 10th. Slealy, Northumberland, S. of Dilfton. Sleap, Shroplhire, S. of Went. Sleddale , Long, Weflmorl. NW. of Kendal. Sled* dale, West , Weflmorl. a mile and a half from Shap. Sledmerl, Yorkf. E. Riding, W. of Kifham. Sleelmere , Weflmorl. N. of Kendal. Sleep , Dorfetf. nearCorfe- Caftle, 4 miles E. of Wareham. Slegit , Weflmorl. SW. of Appleby. Slekborns , Northumb. near BedlingtoU. Sleningjord t Yorkf. SE. of Malham. Slepe, Shropf. on the river Terne, near High Ercol. Sleswick, a town of Denmark, con- taining about 5630 inhabitants. It is an irregular town of great length. The houfes are of brick, and, like all the other towns in this country, referable, in neat- nefs and manner of building, thofe of Holland. The inhabitants drefs alfo like the Dutch ; and fnany of them fpeak their tongue, though the ufual languages are the German and Danilli. It is lituated on the Sley, wdiich is now no longer a port, being choaked up with fand, 60 miles N. of Hamburg. Lat. 54. 39. N. Ion. 9. 38. E. Sleswick, or South Jutland, a duchy of Denmark, N. of Iiolflein, from which it is moftly feparated by the river Eyder. It contains feveral towns, and 1500 villages, and has from time imme- morial been united to Denmark, but has fometimes been given to the brother of the reigning king as a fief. In the lali century, however, the duke in poflefiion, attempted to become an independent prince, but in 1720 it was recovered to the crown. The governor and counfel- lors refide ,at Gottorp. This duchy is about 72 miles in length, and from 30 to 56 in breadth ; and is a level, fertile, po- pulous, and well-cultivated country. Slef- wick is the capital. Sleven , Cornwall, between Mounts- Bayand Land’s-End. Slevesholm- Priory, Norfolk, in Methwold parilh. Slider y- Ford , a little river in Down, Ulfter, running into the inner bay of Dundrum. SHeve-Bingan , Croob , Do nard t Na Boil-Trogh , Na Gr ideal, Neir , and SLU and Sephin, or Snavati , mountains in Down, U liter. S/ieve- Bloom, a range of mountains between the King’s and Queen’s Counties. Slieve Carmen , a name given to the mountains of Wick- low. Slieve- Miss, a general name given to the mountains between the bays of Tralee and Caftlemain, in Kerry, Muri- fter. Slifield , Surry, near Epfom. Sligo, a county of Ireland in the pro- van ce of Connaught, about 32 miles in length, and 29 in its great eft breadth ; bounded on the W. by Mayo ; on the N. and NW; by the Atlantic ; on the E. by Leitrim ; and on the SE. S. and SW. by Rofcommon and Mayo. It contains 39 parifhes, about 11,500 houfes, and .60,000 inhabitants. Sligo is the only town of confequence. There are, how- ever, fome confiderable villages, in which the linen manufacture flourifhes. The foil is in fome parts good, in others coarfe, and towards the coaft, boggy. * Sligo, a town, the capital of the county of the fame name, is leated on a river that runs into a hay of the fame name, navigable for veffels of 1200 tons, up to the quays. It has a confiderable trade; the number of houfes in 1788 was 916, and the number of inhabitants .about 8000. It is 2$ miles NNE. of Killala, and 94 NNW. of Dublin. Sliguff, in Carlow, Leinfter. Slimbridge, a village of Gloueeflerf. The parilh is 20 miles in circumference, and in it are about 1000 acres of land gained from the Severn. Slindon , Staf- fordf. on the river Sow, near the Offleys. Slindon, Sufiex, near Yapton. Slinc, Lancaf. between Lancafter and Ken Sands. Slinford , Sulfcx, near Horfhani. Sling ley, NYV. of Durham. Sling shy, Yorkf. NW. of New Mai ton. Slipin, Durham, 5 miles from Darlington. Slip- toil, Northamptonfhire, near Houghton and Drayton. Slonim, a town of Novogrodeck, in Lithuania. Slooten, a town, the capital of Weftergoe, in \Y. Eriefland, fituated near a large lake called Slooter-tner, 3 miles from the Zuyder-Zee, and 18 NW. of Stcnwick. Slough , Bucks, 2 mile? from Windfor. Slav - House, SulVex, near Cuckfield. Slow- ley , Norfolk, S. of W'urfted. Slozcley- 11 ill , Warwickf. near Arley and Aftlcy. Sluck, a town and duchy of Novo- grodeck, in Lithuania, feated on the ri- ver Sluck, 07 miles ESE). of Novogro- deck. s M E Since, Sufiex, near Pevenfey-Havcn. Sluttelburg, a town of Rufiia, in the government of Peterfburgh, featecl on the S. fide of the Lake Ladoga. SI niter, Ille of Wight, in E. Me- dina. Sluys, or Ecluse, a town of Dutch Flanders, oppolite the Ifle of Cadfant, with a harbour formerly capable of re- ceiving 500 veffels, but which has been daily growing w.orfe, fo as to be capable of receiving fmali veffels only. It is 10 miles N. of Bruges. Smaland. See S mo lanes. Smalborn, Northumb. W. of Ellefden. Smalborough , Norfolk, SE. of W'urfted. Smalbridge, SufF. near Neyland. Smal - field, Surry, W. of Lingficld. SmaLkald, a town of Hennenburg, in Franconia, noted for the league of Proteftant princes, in 1531, when Dr. Luther drew up a fet of theological arti- cles, which were afterwards confirmed by the Proteftant teachers. Smallberry- Greet! , Middlefex, between Brentford and Ilounflow. Smallbrool r, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Smallbrook , Wilts, near Warminfter. Small- Dale, Derbyfhire, in the High Peak. Small- Downs, Kent, between Thanet-Ifle and Deal. Smalley, Derbyfhire, S. ofCodnor- Caftle. Small- Hithe, Kent, near Tenter- den. Smallmaius , Kent, near Alkham. Snudl-Vise, Staffordlhire, a hamlet of San- don. Smallwood- Hall, Staffordlhire, N, of Needwood-Forcft. Smardale , Weft- morland, SW T . of Kirby- Stephen. Smarden, a fmali town in Kent, fitu- ated by the Medway, 10 miles SE. of Maidftone, and 46 SE. of London. Mar- ket on Friday. Smart' s-Green, Gloucefterf. in Nibley parilh. Smavis , Y orkf. near Tadcafter. Smedmorc, Dorfetf. in Purbeck Me, near the Channel. Smeeth, Kent, in Alding- ton parifb. Smeeton, Leicel. near Kib- worth. Smercote, Warwickf. in Bedworth parifh. Snicrwick Village and Harb nr, in Kerry, Munfter. Smerlagh- River, in Kerry, Munfter. Smestall , a river in Staffordfhire, which rnns into the Stour, above Stourton- Caftle. Smetenham , Chefhire, NW. of Congleton. Smethcot, Shropf. near Pol-' verbach. Smethels, Lancaf. N. of Bol- ton. Smethick, Derbyf. N. of Afhby-de- la-Zouch. Smethwick, Chefhire, near Sandbach. Smethwick; Staff ordf. NW. of Birmingham. Smeton, Great and tittle, Yorkf on the W'ifk, N. of North- allerton. Snicton-Kirk, YorUbire, SE. S M O of PontefradL Smitham, Surry, S. of Crovdon . Smithsborough , in Monaghan, Ulfter. Smfthsby , Derhyf. near Afhby-dc-la- Zouch. Smith's- Hall, Efiex, near Ston- don Mafley. Smith's- Hall, Kent, in W. Farley. Smith’s Island, in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Lieutenant Ball, in 1790. Lat. 9. 44. S. Ion. 161. 54. E. Smoland, or Smaland, a province of Sweden, in which. are 21 lakes, im- menfe forefts of pine and fir, and feme iron- mines. The approach to the villages here is announced by groves of oak, beech, and birch, and by numerous plots, or parterres, of arable land among paf- tures and rocks. An acre of land in this country has been frequently obferved tp be laid out with alternate flips of rye, bar- ley, flax, and hemp ; the intervals be- tween, and around, fown with grafs. In many parts, the trees are cut down and burnt, in order to manure the foil. This province is about 100 miles long, and 60 broad, and was formerly governed by kings 9, and fo named i)y him* becaufe they lie conti- guous to each other. They are fituated between the latitudes of 16. 10. and 16. 55. S. and between longitudes of 150. 57* ami s o c 57. and 152. W. They are fix in num- ber; namely, Huaheine, Ulietea, , Otaha, Bolabola, Maliroua, and Toobaee. The foil, produdlions, people, their language, religion, cufloms, and manners, are nearly the fame as at Otaheite. The foil is equally bountiful and fertile, and the in- habitants are as luxurious and indolent. A plantain branch is the emblem of peace among them, and changing names the greateft token of friendfhip. Their dances, however, are more elegant ; their drama- tic entertainments alio have fomething- of plot and confiftencv, and they exhibit temporary occurrences as the objecls of praife or iatire : fo that the origin of an- cient comedy may be fairly difeerned among them. The inhabitants feemed to be ({outer than thofe of Otaheite, and the women were in geueral fairer and handfomer, though none were equal to fome individuals. Thofe of Ulietea, however, were fmaller and blacker, and much lefs orderly. Mr. Banks found here only eleven new plants; but he ob- ferved fome infedls, and a fpecies of fcor- pion he had never feen before. Captain Cook put on Ihore a Cape ewe at Bola- bola, where a ram had been previoufiy left by the Spaniards ; and alio an Eng- liih boar and fow, with two goats, at Ulietea. if the valuable animals which have been tranfported thither from Eu- rope, Ihould be fufi'ered to multiply, no part of the world will equal thefe iflands in variety and abundance of refreflmients for future navigators. Among thefe iflands are feveral excellent harbours; the entrances into them, indeed, are gene- rally narrow, yet, when ajhip is once in, nothing can hurt her. Sock, Somerfetf. 3 miles from Yeovil. Sockborn , Durham, on the Tees, 4 miles SE. of Darlington. Sockbridge , Weft- morland, on the Eimot, near Penrith. Sockneys , Suflex, near Burwaih and Sale- hurii. Socks bury- Hill, Suffex, NE. of Ro- therfield. Socomb, Kent, NW. of Wye Soconusco, a dillridi: of Guatimala, in Mexico, S. of the diftrid{ of Cliiapa, on the N. Pacific Ocean. It is about 88 miles in length, and almoft as much in breadth. It is flickered from the N. winds by high mountains, which renders the air exceedingly hot, and the country is not very healthful or fertile. The few Spa- niards who are fettled here are extremely rich. Great quantities of indigo and co- coa-nuts are raifed here, which are fent to r 11 the other parts of Mexico. SOCOTAR a, a populous, fruitful ifland in the Arabian Sea* about 50 miles in 3 S O F length, and 20 in breadth. The capital, of the fame name, is fituated on a river near the fea, in.lat. 15. 24. N. T o na- tives are Mahometans, with a mixture of Pagan ifm. They trade to Goa, with the produce of their ifland, viz. fine aloes, frankincenfe, ambergreafe, dragon’s blood, Tice, dates, and coral, which are tranfport- ed from thence to many parts of India and all Europe. The fultan is tributary to the princes of Arabia. The fhore everywhere affords fafe anchorage and good ports ; and here are, in particular, two remarkably fin e harbours, where {hipping may ride fecure from every wind that blows. Lat. 12. 15. N. Ion. 54. E. Soda, a town of ITeujas, Arabia. Sodbury, Durham, near Darlington. Sodbury, Chipping,, an ancient town of Gloucefterfliirc, containing feve- ral good inns, as it is a great thorough- fare on the road between Briftol and Ci- rencefter." It has a confideraBle market for corn, and the grcatefl cheefe market in England, except Atherftone, in War- wickihire. It is 15 miles ENE. of Briltol, and 112 W. of London; Market on Thurfday. Fairs on May 23d and June 24th. Sodbury, Little and Old, Gloucefierf. a mile ENE. of Chipping Sodbury. Socorro, a barren, uninhabited ifland in the N. Pacific Ocean, about 70 leagues W. from the coaft of Mexico. Lat. 18. 30. N. Sodom, formerly a city of Afia, fitu- ated on a plain, now under water, in what is called the Dead Sea, or Lake Af- phaltites, in Judea. Sodor, a little village in Icolmkill, one of the Weflem ifles of Scotland, near that of Mull. Soeborg, a town of Denmark, in the ifland of Zealand, 9 miles WNW. of Elfinore. Soest, a town of Mark, in Weftpha- lia. It was formerly imperial, and one of the Hanfe Towns, butftnee 1752 has been fubjedt to the king of PrulTia. Se- veral of the fuccelfors of the Emperor Charlemagne refided here. It is 27 miles SE. of M under. Sofala, or Q.uiter ve, a kingdom of Africa, bounded on the E. by the Mo- fambique Sea, on the S. by Sabia, and on the N. and W. by the dates of Monomo- tapa. The inhabitants cultivate rice and millet, and eat the flcfh of elephants, large and finall cattle, and fifh. They alfo make a fort of beer of rice and mil- let; and other liquors of honey, palm, and fruits. Honey here is in fuch plenty, that SOI that a great part of it lies neglc&ed. All the coafters are defcended from the Ara- bians, yet are commonly black, there be- ing but few tawny or brown among them. Many learned men affirm, that Solomon had his gold from the mines in this country, and that the country of Sofala is the Ophir of the ancients, the gold here being generally allowed to be the fineft and pureft in all Africa. It is governed by a king, tributary to the Por- tuguefe, who built a fort at the principal town, which is of the fame name, and of great importance for their trade to the E. Indies. It is feated in a fraall ifland, near the mouth of a river. Lat. 20. 20. S. Ion. 37. 30. E. Sofia, or Sophia, a commercial, po- pulous, and well built city of Turkey, in Europe, capital of Bulgaria, originally built by the emperor Juftinian, on the ruins of the ancient Sardica. The flreets, however, are narrow, uneven, and dirty. It is 164 miles WNVV. of Adrianople. So F roy, a town of Chaus, in Fez, noted for a handfome mofque • the prin- cipal commerce is in oil. it is 22 miles E. of Fez. Sog no, a maritime province of Congo, in Africa, S. of the river Zaire. It is a dry, fandy country, abounding in fait. The inhabitants are moftly Chriftians, converted by the Portuguefei The ca- pital, Banza Sogno, is a fmall place the Capuchins, however, form a. church here. Soham, (formerly called Monk’s So- ham, from its rich monaftery) a town of Cambridgelhire, celebrated for its cheefe. It is feated on the river Cam, near Soham Mccr, (which takes up 1000 acres of land) 5 miles SSE. of Ely, and 70 N. by E. of London. Market on Saturday. Soham Earls;, Suffolk, near Soham. Soignies, a town of Hainault, feated on the Senne, near a foreft to which it gives name, 6 miles NNE. of Mons. Soilwell , Gloucefterf. in Lidney parifh. Soissons, an ancient city in the dept, of Aifne, fo named from the Sueffiones, a people of antient Gaul. It contains about 12,000 inhabitants, and was lately a bifhop’s fee, and the capital of a diftricl called the Soiffonois. The environs are beautiful, but the ftreets are narrow, and the houfes ill- built. Under the kings of the firft race, it was the capital of a king- dom of the fame name. The cattle, how- ever, here, though ancient, is not that in which thofe princes relided. It is feated on the river Aifne, 30 miles W. by N. of Rheims, and 60 NE. of Paris. SOL Solander Island, in tbeS. Pacific Ocean, near the S. coaft of New Zealand. It is about a mile in circuit, and was dif- covered by captain Cook, in 1770. Lat. 46. 31. S. Solbe, Selby, or Selbe, a river in the Ifle of Man. Solebay. See Southwold. Soles, Kent, in Barfrifton parifh. Soles - by, Lincolnf. N. of Alford. Soleure, or Solothurne, a town of Swiflerland, capital of the canton of the fame name, containing about 4000 inha- bitants. It was a principal town in the kingdom of Burgundy, and frequently the refidence of its kings. Among the moft remarkable obje£ls of curiofity in this town, is a new church, which was begun in 1762, and finifhed in 1772. It is a grand and elegant building, of the Co- rinthian and Compofite orders, and coft at leaft 80,0001. though the revenues of the republic fcarcely exceed 12,0001. a year. Soleure is the ufual refidence of the French ambaflador to the Cantons, and is feated on the Aar, which here ex- pands into a noble river, 18 miles N. of Bern. Lat. 47. 15. N. Ion. 7. 20. E. Soleure, a canton of Swiflerland, which holds the eleventh rank in the Hel- vetic confederacy, into which it was ad- mitted in the year 1481. It is lituated between the canton of Be«rn, and the can- ton and bifhopric of Bafil, and contains about 50,000 inhabitants. It is 35 miles in length, and from 12 to 24 in breadth. The foil, for the moft part, is exceedingly fertile in corn ; and the diftric.h within the Jura abound in excellent paftures. The inhabitants export fome corn, horfes, cattle, and fkins. The fovereign power refides in the great council, which, in- cluding the fenate, or little council of thirty-fix, confifts of 102 members. The government is a complete ariftocracy, and the inhabitants are almoft all Roman Ca- tholic?. Soley, Wilts, in Chilton- Foliot parifh. Solfatra, or Lago-di-Bagni, a lake of Italy, in the Campagna-di-Roma, near Tavoli, formerly called Lacus Albu- lus. In this lake, are feveral floating iflands, which, however, are nothing but hunches of matted fedge and herbage, adhering together by the bitumen which fwims on the furface of the lake, and the fulphur with which its waters are impreg- nated. Some of thefe iflands are 12 or 15 yards long ; the foil is flrong enough to bear five or fix people, who-, by a pole, may move to different parts of the lake, as if they \fere in a boat- The 4 -water SOL water is chalky and fulphureous ; towards thefurface fcarcely lukewarm, but deeper, very hot, and continually boiling. An- ciently the waters of this lake had a high medical reputation, and now, bathing in it, is recommended for a variety of cuta- neous difealcs. So l f at a p, a, a mountain S. of the city of Naples, in the Terra di Lavora, with a cavrLy above a mile in length and breadth, which conftantly 1 mokes in the day, aud flames in the night. The king derives a confiderable revenue from the manufactures of fulphur, alum, and vi- triol, in this neighbourhood. 1 he ground is almoft every where full of fulphur, and in digging ever fo little a way into it, the foil will fmoke. It opened to a con- fiderable depth, the earth will be infup- portable from the heat and exhalations. Here is alfo a lake full of black, thick wa- ter, which feeins always to be boiling. Solfwitzburg, or Sylvisborg, a fea-port of Blekingen in Sweden. Solihull, a final t town in VY arwick- fhire, 6 miles W. of Coventry, and 107 NYY . of London. Market difufed. SolimaN, a town of Tunis. So lin gen, a town of Berg, in Weft- phalia. Solikamsk, a town of Perm, in Ruf- fia, famous for its fait- pits and good horfos. Solms, a principality of Germany, in the Weterau. The counts are divided into fcveral branches. Solms, or Burg Solms, a town of Solms Braunfels, in the circle of the Up- per Rhine. Solomon Islands, in the S. Pacific Ocean, faid to be in lat. about 8. or 10. deg. S. Ion. 160. \V. Solor, an ifland in the Indian Ocean, S. of Celebes, governed by its own king. Lat. 9. 0. S. Ion. 123. 55. E. Solsona. See Salsona. Soltau, a town of Lunenburg-Zell. Solvath , Pembrokef. a final l harbour or cove, {unrounded with high and barren rocks, near St. David’s. Solway Frith, a large arm of the fea, between Cumberland and Kirkcud- brightfbire. The narrow part of it, at Boulnefs, is fafely forded at low-water, with a guide, although the current be ex- tremely rapid. SolwayMoss, a large, black morafs, in Cumberland, neat the river Efk, on the borders of Scotland. It confifts of 1 600 acres of thin, peaty mud, with a cruft too weak, in the drieft fummer, to fupport a man’s weight. An December, 1769, be- S O M ing fwoln by the heavy rains, it burft through the fhell of turf which covered it, and fpread a black ftream, filled with maftes of peat, over 400 acres of culti- vated land in the neighbouring valley, which it entirely filled up. On this oc- cafion, large horns of deer, and other fubftances were ejected. Samborn, Upper and Lower, Ilampf. near Stockbridge. Sombrere Channel, a channel be- tween the Nicobar lllands. Sombre ra, a fmall uninhabited ifland in the Weft Indies. Lat. 18. 40. N. Ion. 63. 25. YV. Somegill, a river in Radnorfhire, which runs into the Lug, a little below Prel- teign. Somerby, \ incolnf. between Hcrncaftle and Alford. Somerby , Line, near Grantham. Somerby , Lincolnf. near Gainfborough. Somerby, Lincolnf. near Glandford bridge. Somercotes, Der- Hyfhire, in Scarfdale, SE. of Alfreton. Somerjield, or Somerville, Kent, near Selling. Somerjord , Chdh. near Con- glcrton. Somerjord , Hants, near Chrift- church. Somerjord, Stafxbrdf. on the Penk. near Brewood. Somerjord , Great , Wilts, SE. of Malmtbury. Somerjord , Little, Wilts, on the Ills, near Cricklade. SomerhiU, Kent, in Tunbridge parifli,» 3 m les from Maidftone. Somer House, Durham, between Darlington and Stain- drop. Somer ley, Suffolk, on the Yare, near Lcofloff. Somerley-Hall, or So- merle tost, Suffolk, by Heringfleet. So- mersall-llall, Derbyf. in Scarfdale. Se- iner sail, Herbert, and St. Peter's, Derby 1. near Boylfton. Somer scale, Yorkf. near Barden 'l ower and Chace. Somerset shire, a county ef Emr- land, bounded on the NW. by theBrifrol Channel ■, on the N. by Gloucefterfhire, from which it is divided by the Avon ; on the E. by Wiltfltire, on the SE. by Dorfetfhite, and on the SW. by Devon- fhire. Its length, from NE. to SW. is about 63 miles, and its breadth, from E. to YY r . between 30 and 40. It is di- vided into 40 hundreds, which contain 3 cities, 33 market-towns, 482 parifhes, about 36,000 houfes, and 300,000 inha- bitants. The air, in the lower grounds, is univerfally mild,, and generally whole, fome. 'Fhe foil is various. The NE. quarter is in general ftony, and pollcfies a lofty trail, called the Mendip Hills. 'To- ward the centre of’ the county, where its principal rivers unite, are fens aod marfhy moors of great extent. On the W. fide is the ridge of the Quantock-Hills, with many downs and open heaths j and in the NYV. S O M NW. corner, lies the hlack, fteril region of Exmoor. The S. part, toward Dorfet- Ihire, is high, but well cultivated ; and throughout the county, efpecially in its SW. quarter, vales of the grcateft fertility are interfperfed. The principal rivers are the Parret, Ivel, Chew, Axe, Thone, Brent, Exe, Fro me, and Avon. The Mendip-Hills afford abundance of coal and minerals. ( hedder is celebrated for its cheefes. Cattle, nearly equal in fize to the Lincoln'fhire, are fed in the fine meadows about the head of the Parret. The beft goofe feathers for beds come from the Soinerfet marfhes ; the unfeeling inhabitants, however, Often pluck the poor birds while yet living, Red and yellow ocher are found here, and cyder is a common produdf of this county ; it has alfo a confiderable fhare in the manufac- ture of fine cloths, druggets, fhalloons, ‘ knit ftockings, 8c c. Somersham , Huntingdonf among the fens, NE. of St. Ives. Somersham , Suf- folk, S. of Needham. , * So merton, a town of Somerfetf. formerly a confiderable place, from which the county took its name. The Welt Sa::on kings had a caftle here, now demo- lifhed, the conftablefhip of which appears to have been a confiderable trull, for king John of France, who was removed from Hertford Caftle, and prifoners of the high- eft rank, were committed to it. There is one county- jail at Ilchefter, and ano- ther &t Somerton, and the aflizes arc held at Wells, although generally in the fu na- me r, alternately with Taunton and Bridgewater. It contains, at prefent, about 250 houfes, and 1500 inhabitants in the whole parilb, and is chiefly noted for its large markets and fairs, it is feated on a branch of the Parret, V3 miles S. by W. of Wells, and 123 W. by S. of Lon- don. Markets on Tuefday for corn and cattle, and on every other Monday for lean cattle. The markets for beafts are confiderable. Fairs on Tuefday in Pal- lion \V eck, Tuefday three weeks after ditto, Tuefday fix w eeks after ditto, and Tuefday nine weeks after ditto. SomerUn , Suffolk, NW. of Melford. Somcrtcn-Castle , Lincoln!. NE. of Buck- ingham. Somtrhm, E. and IF. Norfolk, near \\ interton Nefs. Somme, a department of France, bounded on the N. by the dept, of the Straits of Calais, and on the E. by the dept, of the Ailnc. It is fo named from a river that rifes in the dept, of Aifne, and watering St. Quentin, Pcronne, Amiens, Abbeville, 8c c. enters the Eng- s o o lilh Channel about 5 miles WNW. from St. Y T alery. Amiens is the capital. SommercoteSf N. and S. Lincolnf on each lide of Saltfleet. Sommeris , Bed- fordf. 2 miles NE. of Luton. Sommieres, a town in the dept, of Card, noted for a manufacture of thick ferges, which bear its name. It is feated on the river Vidourle, 10 miles SSW. of Nifmes. So nci no, a town in the Cremonefe. So nd ERSH AU s e n, a town of Schwartz- burg, in Upper Saxony. In the armory of the ruling prince, is an image of Paf- trich, one of the old Wendifh idols. Sondrio, or Sonders, a town in the country of the Grifons, capital of the Valteline. It is faid to refemble a de- ferted place, having little trade or ani- mation. In 1620, here was a dreadful maflacre of the Proteftants, which lafted three days; it began at Tirano, and ex- tended to all the towns of the Valteline. Sondrio is built in a romantic fituation, at the extremity of a narrow valley, on both fides of the. Malenco, a rapid tor- rent, which frequently overflows its banks, 15 miles SSE. of Chiavenna. Sonercon, or Sunnergaum, a vil- lage, once a large city of Hindooftan, the provincial capital of the eaftern divifion of Bengal ; famous for a manufacture of fine cotton cloths, before Dacca was built. It is feated on a branch of the Burrampooter, 15 miles SE. of Dacca. Sonneeurg, a town in the arch- duchy of Auftria, a citadel of which gives name to a country in the circle of Auftria, vefted in the houfe of Auftria, and a towa of Coburg, in Upper Saxony. Sonnen stein, a fortrefs of Meiffen, in Upper Saxony, near Pirna. Near this place, a Saxon army, of d 7,500 men, had encamped and intrenched in 1756, but being unable to pals the Elbe into Bohe- mia, were compelled by the Pruflians, who had blocked up the river at Eben- heit, to furr Aider prifoners at diferetion. Sonora, a province of New Navarre, in N. America, fituated on the coaft. of the Gulf of California. It is but little known. SooLOA,an ifland of the Eaftern Ocean, fituated to the SW. of Mindanao, almoft midway between that ifland and Borneo. It is about 30 miles long and 12 broad, and contains about 60,000 inhabitants, who are governed by a lultan. The na- tives are Malays. It is a great mart, and the Englifh Eaft-Iodia Company have a relidcnt here. Abundance of edible birds- netb arc found in the'rocks of the neigh- bouring sou sou feouring fea, but its principal production is i'ago. Soorangur, a town of Hindooftan, in the Orifta country, lituated near the river Mahanada, 275 miles W. of Cal- cutta. Sophia. See Sofia. Sophiania, a town of Adirbeitzan, in Perfia. Sopleijy Hants, 2 miles from Ch rill- church. SoproN, or Edenburg, a town and county of Hungary, 29 miles SW. of Prefburg. Sopworth , Wilts, SW. of Malmfbury. Sop&ell, Herts, near St. Albans. Sora, a town of Lavora. Sora, a town of Ratibor, in Silcfia. Soranks , Kent, in Stanftede parifh. Soraw, an ancient town of Lufatia, with manufactures in cloth, and a confi- derable trade in linen and yarn. Sorbonne, a village in the dept, of the Ardennes, remarkable for being tire birth-place of Robert de Sorbonne, con- feflbr to St. Louis, who founded the cele- brated college at Paris, called after his name. It is 6 miles N. of Rethcl. Soria, a town in Old Caftile, lituated near the fource of the Douro. SoRGUES. SeeVAUGLUSE. So roe, a town of Zealand, in Den- mark, noted for a royal academy, or gym- nalium. It is 35 miles SW./of Copen- hagen. Sorrento, a lea-port town of Prin- cipato Citra, feated on the Ray of Na- ples. Sospello, a town ofNice. Soiby , Lincolnf. NW. of Horncaftle. S other loti , Suffolk, near Blithborough. Sotterley f Suffolk, near Beccles. SovaNa, a town in Tufcany. Soueise, a town in the dept, of Lower Charente, feated on an eminence, near the river Charente, 3 miles W. of Rochefort. Sough-Hall , near Chelfer. Souillac, a town in the department of Lot, feated on the river Borefe, 32 miles N. of Cahors. 'SouiLLY, a town in the dept, of the Meufe, 12 miles SSW. of Vtordun. Soulby, Weftmorl, near Kirby- Steven. Souldeniy Oxfordihire, E. of Doddington. Souldrop, Bedfordf. NE. of Harrold. Sou- ley* End, Warwickf. between Aftley and Bullingtom Sound, The, or Oresound, a firait between Sweden and Denmark, through which (hips ufually fail between the ocean and the Baltic. It is about 4 miles broad, and here the Danes take toll of the mer- chant- fhips that pafs. See Elsj nore. Sour, or Sur, a lea-port of Syria, in the pachalic of Saida, or Acre, near the remains of the ancient and celebrated l yre. It is now a village, lituated on a peninfula, which projeCfs from the fhor® into the fea. This head of land is a folid rock, covered, however, with a brown cultivable earth, and forming a plain about 800 paces long, by 400 broad. The ifthmus joining the plain to the con- tinent is of pure fea fand; this difference offoil renders the infular Hate of the plain, before Alexander joined it to the Ihore by a mole, very vifible. On this ifthmus, the village of Sour is lituated. In one point of the peninfula is a baton, which was evidently a port formed by art, hut is now fo choked up, that children pafs it without being wet above the middle. Juft without the walls of the ancient city, on the eaftern fide, is an ancient tower, which contains feveral wells of excellent water; they are about 15 cubits deep; and though the water does not rife in them above eight inches, they are never dry. About the beginning of October, this water always becomes fo muddy, as to be unfit for ufe ; but by throwing a few pitchers of fea-w r ater into the well, it toon recovers its tranfparency ; this operation, which the inhabitants call the marriage of the fea and land waters, gives occafion to an annual feftival, which is ce- brated with muiic and dancing. The purple dye, fo highly celebrated by the ancients, is now no longer known here ; but a modern voyager, the abbe Mariti, informs us, that w 7 hen he vilited Tyre, walking on the fea-lhore, his guide Ihew- ed him a fpeciesof murex, which emitted a beautiful purple fluid ; but the ufe erf it as a colour, is unknown to the Arabs. Here are only 50 or 60 poor families, who live on the produce of their little grounds and gardens, and a trifling filhery. At the SE. corner are the ruins of a Chriftian church, it is 18 miles S. of Saida, and 80 NNW. of Jerufalcm. Soure, or Sure, a river which runs fromE. to W. through Luxemberg, and falls into the Mofelle, a little above Treves. Sournia, a town in the dept, of the eaftern Pyrenees, 21 miles W.bfPei’pignan. Souse, or Susa, a town of Tunis, one of the beft in the country, capital of a province of the fame name. It is a place of tome trade to: oil and linen, and has a good harbour. It is 54 miles S. of Tunis. Z z iOUTCHEQV, sou Soutcheou, a city of the firft rank, in the province of Kiangnan, in China, beau- tifully and agreably fituated on a river ■which communicates with the Lake Tai. It is extolled by the Chinefe as an earthly paradife, for tne delightful nefs of the ad- jacent country, &c. The brocades -nd embroidery made here arc highly, efteemed. Sou tern Castle , near York. Souterr aine, a town in the dept, of Creiife, 12 miles W. of Gueret. South, Suffex, near Beaehy-Head. South - Acre, Norfolk, near Cattle- Acre. * South am, a town ofWarwickfhire, with a confiderable market for cattle. It xs.feated in a fertile foil, 8 miles SE. of Warwick, anil 83 N\V. of London. Mar- ket on Monday. Fair on July 10th. Southam , Gloucef. in Cleve panfh, ren- dered remarkable for the antique houfe belonging to this tithing, which is a low building, in the ftyle of the age of Henry IV. The. hall floor is of painted brick, brought from Hales- Abbey, in high pre- fervation, on which are many curious de- vices. * Southampton, formerly called Han tun, a town of Hampfhire, fituated on a fine inlet of the lea, called TriHan- ton-Bay, or Southampton-Vi ater, deep enough for fhips of 1500 tons burden, or rather for the largeft fhips. The two principal rivers that How into it (the It- chen and the Tefi, Tefe, or Anton) admit fmall craft fome way up the country. The town is fituated between thefe two rivers. It was formerly a port c-f great commerce, and Hill poffefles a refpectable trade in French and Port wines, and in the Newfoundland fifhery; having a par- ticular connection, moreover, with G uern- fey and Jerfey. The vclfels employed in foreign commerce are about 30, and in the coafting- trade upwards of 100. Here alfo are manufactures of filk and carpets. The new church here is much admired, being chiefly defigned by Mr. Reeve! y, from various ancient temples in Italy and Greece, and much above the general cha- racter of Knglifh buildings. The roof is faid to be the mofl mafterly performance of the kind, in the worjd. It is a falhion- able place of refort for fea- bathing ; and it was on this beach that the Danifh king i (anuter gave that finking, reproof to his parafitical courtiers' j when the difobedi- ent tide walked his feet and. wetted his robes.* Two miles from this town is VVpodmills, where there is a curious ma- nufactory of (lup- blocks, from which the royal, dock-yards aie (applied. South- ampton is 13 miles SSW. of Winchdlw, sou and 75 WSW. of London. Marketson 'Fuel'day, Thurfday, and Saturday. Southampton, the county of. See Hampshire. Southampton, a county ofVlrginia** South- Ash, Kent, by Wrotham. South - brent, Somerfetf. Southbridge, Norfolk, NYV. of Hingham. Southbrook, or H aters , . Suffex, W.of Sedgwick- Park. Southburn , Yorkf. NE. of Bavnton. SouLhbury-lLill t A Wiltflfire, near Everley- Warren. South - a Cary , Dorfetf. a mile W. of Warcham. Hjj South-Church, or Sea- Church, Eflex, near , Prittlewell. South-Comb, Dorfetf. near E. LuHvorth. Soulhcot, Berkf. near Read- ing. Southed, Kent, near Eynsford. South-Downs, Suflex, have a delightful 1 profpeCt of the fea, and a carpet road of _ 13 miles, 'from Lewes to Brigbtelmflone. i Southend, Efle <, in Prittlewell parifh. Be- ing the neareft watering place to the me- tropolis, it is now pretty much reforted A to, for the purpofe of fea- bathing, hand- if fome accommodations for the company i* having been creeled. It is 44 miles E. * of London. Southend, Gloucefterf. in Nibley parifh. Southend, Kent, 2 miles N. of Chifelhurft. Southend, Lancaf. near . the Pile of Foudray. South-Mead, Glou- r cefterf. in the parifh of Weltbury-on- Trin. Southernby, Cumberl. in the parifh of Caftle- Sower by. South ernt on, Lin- \ coin f. near Dunnington. Southes , Suf- fex, S. of Lewes. Southfield, or Bmksjee, ■: Gloucef. in Longborough parifh. South - i Jleet , Kent, 2 miles S. of Gravefend. ■ Southgate, Middlefex, a village on the verge of Enfield- Chace, 2 miles SE. of ; Eaft Barnet. South- Mains, Devonf. a number of villages near Torbay, noted fora ftrong, rough cyder, refembling wine in taffe. The foil, alfo, here being a red- tiifh fund, produces the belt cabbages in England, and carrots not inferior to thofe of Sandwich. South- Mar ting, Suflex. Southaven- Point, Dorfetf. in Pool-liar- *'* hour. Southoo, Huntingdonfhire, near 1 Great and Liitle P.lxton. Sojdhi.il , Bed- p fordfhire, 3 miles SW. of Bigglcfwade. SoutJiiU, Cornwall, N. of St. Ives. Sisdh- lanes , Suffex, in Eallhourn parifh. South- lei gh, Oxford!'. 2 miles from Witney. Soidhmere, Norfolk, nqar Brifley. South- Minster, Eflex. Southold, Middlefex, in Hayes parifh. Southold, or Z/o/c, Corn- wall, near Clovelly- II arbour. South oil,. Suffolk, SE. of Eye. Southorp, Glou- celterf. on the river Leek, 5 miles from Burford, in Oxfordfhire. Southorp, North- ampton!'. near -Llford. Southorp, Somer-' fqtf. between 11 mi lifter and Yeovil. SouJh- over, Dorfetf. near Frampton. So ut hover, Sullex, \ sou pukex, near Lew s. South- Park, Suffolk# n Hargrave parifh. South Park, Surry* \ T W ■ of Crowhurft. Southrey, Lmcolnf, du the Witham, S\V. of Horncafile. Southrey, Norfolk, near Holt. South- Sea- Castle, Hampfhire, near Portfmouth, milt by Henry VIII. Southtowu, Suf- folk, near Yarmouth. Southwark, a town of Surry, winch may be confidered as part of the metropo- lis, being feated on the oppofite fide of the Thames, and under the juriidichon of the lord mayor, who is its bailiff, with a Reward and deputy bailiff under him. Southwark is alfo one of the city wards, named Bridge Ward Without, and an al- derman is chofen to govern it. it is call- ed the Borough , by way of diftinftion, and is a large and populous place, parti- cipating ccnfiderably in the commerce of London. The bifhop of Winchcfter had formerly a palace here, with a park; when there were 18 brothels along the Bank- fide, licenfed by that prelate, under cer- rain regulations confirmed by parliament. The proftituteskept here were commonly called Winchester geese. It is divided in- to two parts, the Borough Liberty, go- verned by the lord mayor ; and the Clink, or Manor of Southwark, under the jurif- di£Lion of the bifhop of Winch eflcr, who, by his fteward, keeps a court leet and a court of record on the Bank-fide. A Court of Confcience is efiablifhed here, as well as in London. Southwark contains 6 pa- rifhes, a new Romilh chapel, many places of worfhip for the Difl’enters of various de- nominations ; feveral charitable founda- tions* particularly tliofe two noble en- dowments, St. Thomas’s Hofpital, and j Guy’s Ilofpital; together with the Mag- dalen Hofpital ; the Afylum for female Orphans; the Freemafon’s School, a late- ly- eredled building, for the fame purpofe; the Philanthropic Reform, See. Befide the King’s Bench and Marlhalfea prifons, and the county Bridewell, a new county- goal, with a fefiion-houfe adjoining, has been lately built. The court-houfe, at St. Margaret’s Hill has been alfo rebuilt. Southwaite , Cumber!. near Kefwick. Southwate , Lancaf. on the Dudden, W. of Fournefs Fells. -Southwater, Suflcx. Sputhweald , Eflex, to which Brentwood ! is a hamlet, is fituated on an eminence that commands an extenfive profpect, 16 miles ENE. of London. Southweek , Gloucefterf. inTewkefbury parilh. South- week, Hants, 5 miles N. of 1 Portfmouth; it commands a fine view of the harbour, dock, lfle of Wight, See. as alfo of an ex- tenfive vale on the land fide, well planted sou and cultivated, bounded with hills, fpread with woods; and of the S. Downs, covered with fheep. Southwell, a town in -.Netting- , hamfhire, noted for a church, both paro- chial and collegiate, called a -minfter, the middle of the wefiern part of which is of Saxon architecture. There belong to it 16 prebends, or canons, 6 vicars choral, an organifi, 6 fingihg-men, 6 chorifters, 6 boys, who attend as probationers, a re- giftrary, a treafurer, an auditor, and a ver- ger. The chapter has a peculiar civil ju- risdiction over 28 parifhes, to moil of which it has the right . of presentation, bc- iides others in Yorkshire and Lmcolnf* ft is fituated on the Greet, a branch of the Trent, 10 miles NE. of Nottingham, and 139 NW. by N. of London. Market on Saturday. Southwick, Hants. Southxcick, Suffex. Southwold, a populous fea-port of Suffolk, feated cn a cliff', or point of land, near a fine bay, at the mouth of the river Blythe. Here a much efteemed fait is made, and it trades largely in herrings, fprats, corn. See. It is almoft furroundod by water, efpecially at every high tide.. It is commonly called Sowle, or Sole, and its bay, named Soleeay, is remark- able for two famous fea- fights ; one in 1666, between the Engliih fleet, of 114 men of war and frigates, and the Dutch fleet, of 103 men of war, when the latter were defeated, with the lofs of near 70 Ships, 2. admirals, and 6000 men, while the Engliih loll only one Ship. The fight of 1672, was between the combined fleets of England and France, confiding of 101 men of war, and the Dutch fleet of 91. The iflue of the day was rather uncertain; the Engliih loft four Ships and the Dutch three. Southwold is 20 miles S. of Yar- mouth, and 104 NE. of London. Mar- ket on Thurfday. Southwood, Hants, between Soulh- Sca-Caftle, and Thorn ey-ISland. South- worth, Lancaf. N. of Warrington. Southy-Bank , Lincoln'S. in Lower- Hol- land. Soutra-Hill, the moil elevated hill in the mountainous ridge of Lammer- muir, in the N. part of Berwickshire, in Scotland. In former times, it Was a noted fea-mark. In this dreary part of the country, there is Scarce a tree or a bufh, and few houfes or villages; fome fucccfsful exertions, however, have been been made to improve the fouthern fide of this mountain, near the village of Channelkirk. Sou vie ny, a town in the dep?. of Al- Z z 2 lier > SPA liar, feated on the rivulet' Quefne, 6 miles W. ofMoulins, and 107 S. of Paris. Sou', a river in Stafford (hire, which runs into the Trent at Tixal), about ,3 miles E. of Stafford. Sow, a river in Warwickf., which runs into the Avon, above Stonele : gh Abbey, about 4 miles N. of Warwick. Smbarrow , Cumberl. near Penrith. Sowberihwate , Lancaf. N. of Dalton. Sowca-m, Nottinghamf. N. of Mansfield. Sowe, Warwickf. on the river Sow. NW. of Comb Abbey. Sowerby, Cumberland, near Grayftock Caflle. Sowerby, Lancaf. in Amounder- nefs. Sowerby, Weftmorl. NE. of Kirby Steven. Sowerby , Yorkf. near Thirfk. Sowerby, Yorkf. SW. of Halifax. Sower - by -Temple, Wefhnorland, near Kitkby- Thore. Sowick , Lane. NW. of Prefton. Sow/and, Yorkf. SW'. of Halifax. So- wood, Norf. NW. of Heed bam. Sowport , Cumberland, near Longtown. Sower/on, Devonf. SW . of Okehampton. Sowter- jfield, Cumberland, NW. of Ire by. Sowtham, a well accomodated town of Warwickfhire, fituated near Napton, in the road from Banbury to Coventry, 6 miles SE. of Warwick, and 87 NW. of London. A confiderable market on Monday, Sow thorp, Lincolnf. W. of Stainfleet. Sowthorp, Lincolnf. near Kirton, in Lindfey. Sowton, Devonf. near Exeter. Sowlon, Shropihire, between ' Frees and Wem. Sowlon, or Souther am, Suflex, near Lewes. Spa, a town of Liege, in Weftphalia, feated in a romantic valley, furroundedby woody mountains, 17 miles SE. of Liege. It is fituated onafmall river that runs into the Ourte. It contains about 300' houfes, and is famous for its mineral waters. That called the Old Spa, confifts of miferable cottages, and is properly a fuburb to the other. The houfes of the New Spa are meftly of wood, old- fafhioned, dark, and lmall, and yet, it is affirmed, they can make up 1200 beds for Grangers. The inn, called the Court of London , is very large, the belt, indeed, in the place, and moll frequented. The chief fprings are called Pouhon, Saviniere, GroUbeeci^and Geronfter, to which Dr. Lucas has lately added the Pouhon Pia, and Banifar. The inhabitants are much employed in making toys for ftrangers, as the town partly refemblcs a fair, during the water-drinking feafon. There are beau- tiful, healthful, and romantic rides on every fide, with a great variety of plca- fant walks. There are public rooms for efieuiblies every night, and balls two or SPA three times a week. The waters were fir ft di (covered in 1326. Spade- Adam, Cumberl. near Beaucaf- tle. Spadforth, Nottinghamshire, near! Newark. Spain, a confiderable kingdom of Eu- rope, bounded on the N. by the Bay of Bifcay ; on the NE.” by the Pyrenean Mountains, which Separate it from France; •' on the E. S. and SE. by the Mcditerra- 1 nean, and the Straits of Gibraltar; on j the SW. by the Atlantic; and on the W. 1 by Portugal and the Atlantic. It is about 700 miles in length, and 500 in i breadth. It contains the provinces of Old and New Caftile, Andalufta, Aria- J gon, Eftramadura, Galicia, Leon, Cata-'j Ionia, Granada, Valencia, Bifcay, the Af- 1 tunas, Murcia, and Upper Navarre ; fome of which have been feparate kingdoms. ' The air of Spain is dry and ferene, ex- 7 cept during the equinodlial rains, hut , exceftively hot in the fouthern provinces, in fummer. The vaft mountains, how- ; ever, that run through Spain, are very'i beneficial to the inhabitants, by the re- . frefhing breezes that come from them in the fouthernmoft parts, though thofe in the N. and NE. are in the winter ex- . tremely cold. The foil is very fertile j but there are large tradfts of uncultivated ground. The produce of the country is fine wheat, barley, faffron, exquifite ho- ney, filk, falt-petre, fait, barrillas, (a fpe- ] cics of pot-afh) and even fugar-canes. It produces the richeft and moft delicious ? fruits that are to be found in France and Italy, oranges, lemons, prunes, citrons, \ almonds, raifins, figs, dates, pomegranates, olives, &c. Their wines are defervedly in high efteem. Wolves are the chief; beafts of prey that infeft Spain. The wild bulls, which are caught in Anda- lufia, have fo much ferocity, that their bull- fights were formerly the moft mag- nificent fpeclacie the court of Spain could exhibit ; this barbarous amufement, how ever, is now, in part, exploded. Their domeftic animals are horfes that are re* markably fwift, mules, horned cattle, which are but few, fheep, &c. The wool of the latter is fuperior to any in Europe ; the beft is that of Old Caftile. Spain abounds in minerals and Wtals, corne- lian, agate, jacinth, loadftones, turquois- ftones, quickfilver, copper, lead, fulphur, alum, calamine, cryftal, marbles of feveral kinds, porphyry, the fiaeft jafper ; and even diamonds, emeralds, and amethyfts, are found here. Anciently it was cele- brated for gold and filver mines, but, fince the difeovery of America at lea ft, no attention j TLaU. XXL T SPA attention has been paid to them. The principal rivers are the Duero, Tajo,Gua- cliana, Guadalquiver, Ebro, Gualdalaviai, and Segura. Spain, which, in the times of the Goths and Moors, contained be- tween 20 and 30 millions of people, is now but thinly inhabited, to which va- rious caufes have contributed ; as the cxpulfion of the Moors, the emigrations to the colonies, the vaft numbers and celibacy of Lhe clergy, and the indolence of the natives. It is fuppofed to contain, at prefent, about 7,500,000, inhabitants. The greateft part of the neccflary artifans are French, as the natives difdain to (loop to handicraft trades. The perfons of the Spaniards in general, are tall, their com- plexions fvvarthy, and their countenances expreflive. I he women are fmall and flender, and, in general, pofi'efs little of that beauty which reigns in their novels and romances. The cftablilhed religion of Spain is popery, and here the inquifi- tion once reigned in all its horrors; but, although it itill exifts, it has been lately rendered, by the intervention of the royal authority, comparatively harmlefs. Spain has 44 epifcopal fees, and 24 univerfities. It was once the moll free, but is now one of the molt defpotic kingdoms in Europe. They had once their cortes, or parlia- ments, which had great privileges; but though not abfolutely abolifned, they have little or no part in the government. They are affembled indeed, occasionally, (as at the acccflion of the monarch) but merely as an appendage to the royal ftate, without power, or any other conlequen.ee than what refults from their individual yank. Madrid is the capital. Spain, New. See Mexico, Spaines-Hall, Eflex, in the parifti of Finchingfield. Spaitla, a town of Tunis, with Ro- man ruin's of great extent and magnifi- cence. Spalatro, a fea port of the late Ve- netian Dalmatia. Here are grand and ex ten five ruins of a fabric of the emperor Diocletian, of which the late Mr. Robert Adam, publilhed a fplendid account, en- riched with 71 folio plates. In 1784, Spalatro was nearly depopulated by the plague, it is feated on the Gulf of Ve- nice, with a large, deep, and well fre- q uen ted harbour, in Jat- 44, 4. N. Ion, 17. 31. E. Spal dicky Iluntingdonfhire. * Spalding, a neat, populous town fit Holland, in Lincolnshire, chiefly fur- rcunded by gardener/ grounds. From it* neautcis, and the in tUs tfi'eets* s p E it refembles a Dutch town, and vcffels of 50 or 60 tons, carrying coals, corn, &c. come up here with the tide. Much hemp and flax is grown in the neighbourhood. It is feated on the river Welland, 20 miles N. by E. of Peterborough, and 100 N. of London. Market on Tuefday. See Holland. Spalduigton, Yorkf. N. of Howdon. Spaldwic/c , Huntingdon!. NE. of Kim- bolton. Spanby, Lincoln!. N. ofFaken- ham. Spamdaw, a flourifhing and populous town in the Middle Marche of Branden- burg, furrounded on all Tides by morafles. Here is a confiderable foundry cf arms. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Havel and Spree, 8 miles MW. of Ber- lin. Spanish Island , in Cork, Munfter, in the Bay of Baltimore. Spanneburg, a town in the arch- duchy of Aufiria. Spanish Town. See Jag o, St. Spa ren burg, a town and citadel of Ravcnfburg, in Weftphalia. Spanse-Hill, in Clare, Munfter. Sparge r, Cornwall, W. of Penryn. Sparham, Norfolk, S. of Repeham. Sparneck, a town of Culmbach, in Franconia. Sparsholt , Berks, 5 miles from VVan- tage. Sparsholt Hants, NW. of Win- chefter. Spartel, Cape, a promontory on the NW. point of Barbary, at the en- trance of the Straits of Gibraltar, Lat. 35. 42. N. Ion. 5. 55. W. Spartenburg, a county of S. Ca- rolina. Spartivento, Cape, a promontory on the coaft of Naples, at the SE. extre- mity of Calabria Ultra. Lat. 37. 50. N. Ion. 16. 10. E. .Spavnlon, Yorkf. NE- of Kirby Moof- fide. Speak, Lancaf. on the Meriey, SE, of Liverpool. Spean, a confiderable river of Inver- nefsfhire, which ilfues from Loch Lag- gan, and flowing in a weftcrly diredtion, falls into the river Lochy, about a mile below Loch Lochy. Speights Town, a fea-port town on the NW. coaft of Barbadoes. Spelbrook, Hcrtfordf. S. of Stortford. Speldhersl, Kent, 3 miles SW. or Tun- bridge, Over the porch of its church, cut in ftone, are the arms of the Duke (if Orleans, who was taken prifoner at thq battle of Agineourt, by Richard Waller, of Gromebridge, at whofe houfe the duke was kept near 25 yeiurs, dvuibg which h.q Z'/iQ was S P I was a good benefactor to the church of Speldherft. Spello, a town of Spoleto. Spelmonden , Kent, near Horfmonden. Spelwell Mount , Northamptonf. near Da- .ventry. Spen, Durham, on the Darwent ? oppolite to Gibfide. Spence River , in Down, Ulfier. Spencer, a town of Mailachufetts. Spene , or Speenham- Land, the Spina of the Romans, Berks, on the Kennet, near Newbury. Spenny thorn, Yorkf. near Mid- lam. Spernal, Warwickf, N, of Cough- ton. Spetchlcy , 3 miles E. of Worcester. Spetsbury , Dorfetf. near Blandford. rtw, and its C/i/F, on the fea, NW. of Flamborough-Head. Spexhall, Suffolk, near Halefworth. Spey, 'a great and rapid river of Scot- land, which iffues from Loch Spey, in In- vernefsfhire, divides the counties of Mur- ray and Banff for more than 20 miles, and enters the German Ocean at Speymouth, about 3 miles N. of Gordon Cable. Spezzia, orSPETiA, a town of Ge- noa, with a good harbour, feated on a gulph of the fame name, 4.2 miles SE. of Genoa. Spice Islands. See Moluccas. Spiegeleerg, a town of.Calenburg. jn Weffphalia, capital of a country of the fame name, 18 mile*, in length, and 10 in breadth. It is fubjeCI to the prince of Orange, under the protection of the houfe of Hanover. Spielberg, a town of Oetingen, in Swabia, infulated in the margraviate of Anfpach. Spietz, a towm of Berne, fituated on the welt coaff of the lake Thun, 25 miles SSE. of Berne. Spigno, a town of Montferrat. Spigurnel, Warwickf. near Milverton. Spike- Island, nearCork- Harbour, Mun- fler. Spilemburgo, a town of Friuli. Spill hi l l, or S pi Ijill- Court, Kent, near Staplehurft. Spilsbury , Oxfordfhire, near Cadlington and Charlbury. Spilsby, a town in Lincolnfhire, feated on the fide of a hill, 17 miles N. of Bofion, (to which a turnpike road leads from it) and 1 32 N. by E. of Lon- don. Market on Saturday. Spinjleston , Nortbumberl. near Bhm- burgh. Spink hull, Derby!', in Scarfdale. Spinney- Abbey, Cambridgef. nearSoham. Spirbach, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, feated on a fmall raver of the fame name, which falls into the Rhine at Spire. Spire, a free and Imperial town in the s p o palatinate of the Rhine, capital of a bir fhopric of the fame name. It was burnt by the French in 1689 ; and in 1693, the Imperial Chamber was removed to Wetz- lar. In a diet held here, in 1529, the Reformers firlt obtained the name of Pro- tcflants. It is 12 miles SW. of Heidel- berg. Spire, a bi!hopric in the circle of the Upper Rhine, about 50 miles in length and 30 in breadth. It is divided into two,- parts by the Rhine, and is a fertile coun- try. Spire is the principal town. Spiritu-Santo, a town of Brafil, in the government of Rio Janeiro, with a harbour. It is feated by the fea-fide, in a very fertile country, in lat. 20. 30. S. Spital, a town of Carinthia. Spited Gate, Gloudef. near Cirencefler. Spital, Chefliire, near Boughton. Spittle , Northumberland, S. of Berwick. Spittle ,, Northumberland, near Hexham. Spittle , ’ \ orkf. between Bulmfer and Flaxton. . Spittle , Yorkf. on Stainmore Foreft. Spithead, a fpacious road for {hip- ' ping, between Portfmouth and the Ille of : Wight, where the royal navy commonly rendezvous in time of war. Spittle in the Street, in Lincolnfhire, ! between Gaiiffborough and Market-Rai- fin, 10 miles N. of Lincoln. It was part of the Roman caufeway, leading from London, by Lincoln, to the Ifumber, whicli the country people call the High \ Street, it being thrown up to a great f height, and in fome places feven yards' broad. Here are two fprings, one called j Julians Well, and the other Castleton\ Well. Great numbers of Roman coins 1 have been dug up in this village, and' there are great foundations all around, 1 whence it is conjectured, that foine Ro- man town fined by the highway. S-PITZEERGEN, or KaST , GREEN- LAND, the moft northern country of Eu- rope, confiding of an ifland, or iflands, fituated between Greenland to the W.‘ and Nova-Zembla to the E. The coafii is befet with craggy mountains, and in] the months of June, July, and AuguftJ the fun never fetsj for the reft of the! year it is hardly Teen at all. in the valJ lies are large white bears, white foxes, and fome curious birds and plants. The inland parts are uninhabited, and the coafis are only frequented for the purpole of catching whales. Lat. 76. '30. to 79. 40. N. Ion. 6. to 1 6. E. Spixworth, near Norwich. Spodden , a fiver in Lancafiiire. Spojbrlh , Yorkf. S. of Knarefborough. SPOLETO, a city of Italy, capital of Umbria, SPR Umbria, or the duchy of Spoleto. It was formerly a large place, but, in 1703, fullered greatly by an earthquake, and is now thin of inhabitants. There are the ruins of an amphitheatre, a triumphal arch, and an aqueduct. It is feated in a country noted for excellent wine, 53 miles NNE. of Rome. Spoleto, anciently Umbria, a duchy of Italy, in the Stales of the Church, E. of the Orvietan, and the Patrimonio; about 40 miles in length, and nearly as much in breadth. Spondon, SE. of Derby. Sponebed, or Spoonbcd , Gioucefterf. in Painfvvick pa- ri ih. Sponheim, a country in the circle of Upper Rhine, between the Rhine and the Mofelle. It is divided between the elec- tor Palatine, the duke of Deux Ponts, and the margraviate of Baden. Spans Hospital, Warwickf. near Co- ventry. Spooner-Row, Norfolk, a mile and a half SW. of Windham. Spoonkill , Shropf. S. of Wenlock. Spoonley, Shrop- fhire, near Drayton. Sporle, Norfolk, NE. of Swall ham. Spraiton, Devenf* near Bow. Sprangenburo, a town of Hefle Cartel, 17 miles SE. of Cartel. Sprysfon , Chelhire, . near Kinderton. Spraiton , 2 miles from Northampton. Spree, a river of Germany, which rifes on the frontiers of Bohemia, erodes Lu- fatla, enters the marquifate of Branden- burg, and after parting by Berlin, joins the Havel at Spandaw. Sp re mont, a town and fmall county* of Limburg, infulated in the bifhopric of Liege, 5 miles NW. of Spa. Spridlingtn , 6 miles N. of Lincoln. S p r i n g f i e l d , a town of N. A merica, in the date of Martachufetts, feated on the E. fide of ( onnedlicut River, 73 miles W. of Borton. Springfield , in Cork, Munfter. Springfield, Bo sari, and Richards, Ertex, near Chelmsford. Spring Head, Vorkf. 4 miles W. of l ! nil . Spring Park, Glouc. 4 miles from Durrtey. Spring/ ho rp, Lin coin f. E. of Gainfboroinrh. Sprot- bor ugh, V orkf. NE. of Rotherham. Sprotley, Vorkf. in Holdernefs, S. of Burton-Conftable. Sprottau, a town ofGlogau, in Si- lefla, lituated at the confluence of the ri- ves Bober and Sprotta, 21 miles WSVV. of Glogau. Sprowston, NE. of N. rwir h. Sprow- ton , Suffolk, near Ipfvvich. Sp, oxton, Lei- cefterf, E. of Waltham-on .he Would. SpmliiU) Yorkf. in iiidaky S, of HelmeL S T A ley. Sprmlon, Yorkf. E. of Leeds. Spur - lesion, Devonf. near Plymftock. Spurn- head, Yorkf. at the mouth of the Hum- ber, the SE. point of Holdernefs. Spurreboy, in Limerick, Munrter. Spur stow, Chelhire, NW. of Nampt- wich. Spur tie ell, Northumberl. SW. of Hexham. Spud, a river in Weftmorl. Sputty, Denbighfhire. Spy-Crag , North- umhefl. near Lowes-Foreft. Spy-Park , Wilts, near Chippenham. -Souill ace, a lea-port on the S. coaft: of Calabria Ultra, near a gulf of the fame name. Lat. 38. 52. N. S quince Island, near Glandore-Har- bour, in Cork, Munrter. It produces a fort of lierbage, which has a wonderful good effeiSf on difenfed horfes. Squire-Hills , Red and White, North- umberl. the former N. of Redefdale, and the latter near Cheviot-Hills. Sr even- Woody Northumberl. in Hertelbeved ma- nor. Slabbers , Eflex, in N. Ockingdon parifh. Stablo, or Stavelo, a town of Liege, Vvith a manufadfory of leather. StficJchonse , Yorkf. near Settle. Stack's Mountains , in Kerry, Munfter. Stackworthy Cambridgef. S. of New- market Heath. Stade, a town of Bremen, in Lower Saxony, formerly an Hanfeatic town, the capital of a county, and the relidence of its counts. It is now the feat of the regency of the duchies of Bremen and Verden, as alfo of the chancery, chief court of juftice, and conliftory, under the Eledfor of Hanover, to whom it is fubjedt, together with its territory. In 1712, the Danes took it, after a bom- bardment, but, in 1715, the Danilh gar- rifon marched out, and was replaced by the troops of Ilanover. In 1755, conli- derablc l’ums were afligne'd by the king of Great Britain, for the better fortifyjng of this town, and thefe improvements were completed with all portible Ikill and care. It is feated on the river Swinge, near its confluence with the Elbe, 22 miles W. of Hamburg. Staden, Dcrbyf. in the High Peak. Stadthagen, a town of Schauen- burg, Wertphalia. Stafarda, in Salqzzo, Piedmont. Staffa, an Eland of Scotland, one of the Hebrides, a little to the W. of Mull, It is a mile long, and half a mile broad. The whole SW. end of this illand is fup- pbrted by ftupendous ranges of bafaltic pillars, moftly above 50 feet high; and ftandirig in natural colonnades. Some of thefe columns are above 00 feet thick, and & z $ itrs ST A are formed ahrioft into the fhape of thofe ufed in architediure. Here is alfo a ca- vern, called Finma-coul, or Fingal’s Cave, -which extends about 250 feet un- der ground. Its entrance is a natural, arch, more than 100 feet high. Hardly any thing can be conceived more magni- ficent than fuch a fpace, fupported on each fide by ranges of columns, and roof- ed by the bottoms of thofe which have been broken offin'order to form it. The cavern is lighted from without, fo that its farthell extremity may be feen. In- deed, this illand is every where fupported by bafaltic rocks and pillars, much fupe- rior in beauty and grandeur to thofe which form the Giant’s Caufe way in Ire- land. * Stafford, the county town of StafFordfhire, containing two churches, and about 5000 inhabitants. It has a free-fchool, and a fine, fquare market- place, in which is a handfome county- ball, ~and under it the market-houfe. The ftreets are large, and many of the houfes handfomely built. This town has greatly increafed of late, both in po- pulation and wealth, by thd manufacture of cloth and fhoes. A county infirmary fin i fired here in 1772. It is fituated in 9 plain, on ttie river Sow, near a naviga- ble canal, which extends through feveral counties, 12 miles NW. of Lichfield, and 135 NW. of London. Market on Satur- day. Staffordshire, a county of Eng- land, bounded on the W. by Shropfnire and Chefhire; on the NE. and E. by Der- byfhire, and on the SE. and S. by War- wickfhire and Worceftcrfhire. It extends in length about 54 miles, and in breadth from 18 to 36. It is divided into 5 hun- dreds, which contain 1 city, 21 towns, 184 parifhes, 670 villages, about 23,740 houfes, and 142,440 inhabitants. The principal rivers are the.Trcnt, Dove, Sow, Ghurnet, Stour, Penk, and Manyfold. The air is reckoned pleafani, mild, and wholefome. The middle and fouthern parts are level and plain, and the foil is good and rich; the N. are hilly* and full of heaths and moors. The county, at large, contains about 780,800 acres,. of which 600,000 are in a ftate’ of culti- vation. StafFordfhire is famous for its potteries, its inland navigations, and its foundries, blaft furnaces, Hitting mills, and various other branches of the iron trade. The mines of coals, copper, lead, and iron ore are rich and extenfive ; thofe of coal are fuppofed to occupy a fpace of 50,000 acres. There are all'o numerous s T A quarries of ftone, alabafte'r, and limeftonc. See Canal, The Grand Trunk. Stafford, or Stanford , Dorfetfhire, E. of Dorchefter, near Winterborn. Staff ford Wood, Surry, in Limpsfield parifh. Stagira, (now : -.ed Lyba Nova, according to Dr. Brooke) a town of Ma- cedonia, remarkable for being the birth- place of Ariftotle, whence he is called the Stagirite. It is fituated on the gulf of Conteffa. St ao ?; o, a fea-port of Ragufa. Stagno, Herts, in Paul’s Walden pa- rilh. Stagsden, 4 miles from Bedford. S tagshawbank, Northumb. Stain, a town in the Tyrolefe, and two towns in the archduchy 'of Auftria, the moft confiderable of which is fituated ou the Danube, 32 miles WN W. of Vienna. S/ainber Hall, Yorkf. SW. of Earnef- ley. Stainborn, Ycrkf. S. of Knarefbo- rough Foreft. Stainborough, Yorkfhire, 2 miles N. of Tankerfley. Stainbr idge , Gloucefterfhire, in the parilh of Cotes. < Stainbum, Cumberl. near Workington. * Stainby , Lincolnf. S. of Grantham. Staindrop, a town of Durham, 12 miles NW. of Darlington, and 146 from \ London. Market difufed. Stainer Hall, Yorkf. near Selby. * Staines, a populous town cfMid- dlefex, with feveral good inns. 'It was fo called from its being the ancient boun- dary to the jurifdiclion of the city of London, on the Thames. There is now ; above' the bridge, at Coin Ditch, a ftone fet up for this purpofc, called London 1 Mark Stone, which bears the date of 1280. It is feated on the river Thames, over which it has an elegant Hone bridge, of 3 elliptical arches, 17 miles W. by S. of London. Market on Friday. Stdinesby, Yorkf. NE. of Yarum, near the Tees. Slainefield, E. of Lincoln. Stainffeet, Line, near G unthorp. Stain- Jorlh, Great and Little, Yorkf. NW. of Settle. Stain grave, Yorkfnire, near FIov- ingham. Stuinham, Yorkf. near Sheriff- Hutton. Stainingtori t Northumberland, near Morpeth. Stamington, Yorkfhire, SW. of Sheffield. Slainley, E. N. and W. Yorkf. near Rippon and Borough- bridge. Staimnore, Weftmorland, NE. * of Kirby- Steven. Stainmore Cross , or Roy- Cross, Yorkf. N. Riding, on Stain- moie- foreft, a mountainous, ftony tradft. Stainston, Yorkfhue, NE. of New Malton. Stainton, Cumb. SW. of Pen- rith. S taint cm, Cumb. in Stanwix'pa- rtfh. Stain/on, Line. Stainton, Weftm. in Ilcverfham parilh. Stainton , Vorkf. • nea$ S T A near Stainefby. Stainton , Yorkf. N. of Midiam. Stainton , Yorkf. E. of Ro- theram. Stainton, Great and Cumb. in the parifh of Dacre. Stainton, Great and Zztf/e* Durham, 5 miles NE. of Darlington. Stainton- in- the- Street, Dur- ham, near Stretlam. Stainville, a town in the dept, of the Meufc, 7 miles S. of Bar le Due. Stairs, Gloucef. in Newnham parifh. Stakes, Lane, near Prefton . Stale ridge, a town of Dorfetfhire, remarkable for a manufacture of ftock- ings, and for great quantities of ftone which are dug near it. Here is an an- cient crofs, 22 feet high, (landing on a bafe of 8 feet. It has a large, ancient church, and is 20 miles N. of Dorchefter, and 1 11 W. by S. of London. Market on Tuefday. Stalbridge Weston, Dorfetfhire, 2 miles NW. of Thornhill. Stalesfield, Kent, 4 miles NE. of Lenham. Staley- Hall, Chefhire, on the Tame, NE. of Stopford. Stalham, Norfolk, near Hickling. Stalimene. See Lemnos. Stallingborough, Lincolnfhire, W. of Grim (by. Stallington, Staffordf. near Fulford. Stalming , Lancaf. between Garftang and the river Wire. Stam- bridge. Great and Little, Eflex, near Rochford. Stamerham , Suflex, S. of Horfham. Stamjord , Bedfordfhire, near South ill. * Stamford, a large, populous, rich, and compact town of Lincolnfhire, for- merly much more confiderable than at prefent, as at one time it contained 14 churches, which in Camden's time were i reduced to 7, and at prefent to b. It is an ancient place, and had formerly, as fome fay, an univerfity, or, at leail, two colleges, called Black Hall and Brazen Nofe. Some remains cf thefe are (till viable, and particularly the gate of the lall, on which there is a brazen nofe and a ring through it. Moft of the houfes are covered with flate ; and here are fome large, neat inns, which, indeed, have all the appearance of palaces. Its trade is chiefly in malt, fea-coals, and freeftonc. File cullom of Borough Englifh prevails here. It is feated on the river Welland, which is navigable here for barges, 2G miles NNYV. of Huntingdon, and 96 N. by W. of London. Markets on Monday and Friday. Stamford, a town of Kentucky. Stamjord, Northumb. in Embleton ba- rony. Stamford , Yorkf. near Hatficid- Chace. Stamjord Bridge, Middlefcx, be- tween Little Chelfen and Walham Greea. " 4 S T A Stamford Bridge , (by fome writers called Battle Bridge) Yorklhire, on the Der- went, SW. of Wilton. Here king Harold gave a fignal defeat to the forces of Harold the Norwegian, juft before the arrival of William the Norman, in Eng- land. Stamjordham, Northumberland; though containing but oneftreet, it has a well-endowed Iree-fchool. Stamford- Hill, M'iddlefex, between Newington and Tottenham ; is a hill, with a final !, but gradually increaftng village on its fide. Stampalia, an ifiand of the Archipe- lago, about 16 miles in length, and 5 m breadth. It has very few inhabitants, and wants frefh water. It is 60 miles NNW. of Rhodes. Stanbach, Kerefordf. near the Arrow, NW. of Pembridge. Stanborn, Eftex, near Steple-Bumfted. Stanborough, Herts, 2 miles beyond Hatfield. Stanbridge , Bedfordfhire, near Leighton-Buzzard. Stanbridge, Hants, NW. ot Rumiey. Stanbridge , Yorklhire, W . Riding. Hi- ther the limeftone that is dug in great plenty, by Berwick in Elmet, and burnt at Knottingley and Brotherton, is brought, at certain fealons, for fale to the W. part of this county. Stanbury , Yorkf .SW. of Keighley. St^nchio, anciently Cos, an ifiand of the’Archipelago, diftant about 12 miles from the coalt of Natolia, and 70 miles in circumference. It abounds with cyprefs and turpentine trees, with a great variety of medicinal and other plants. I he wine produced here, was famous among the ancients for a purgative quality, i he ca- pital, which is of the fame name, is a confiderable town, fituated in a bay, with a harbour defended by a caftle. Lat. 36. 45. N. Stancliff, Derbyf. in the High Peak, Stancombe, Glouc. in Hinchcomce parifh. Stand, Derbyf. near Chatfworth. Stand- ard-Hill, Kent, S. of Newington, by Sit- tingbourn, on which, it is fuid, Julius C re far encamped. It is the Durolerum of the Romans. Standard-Hill, Suflex, now called the Beacon- Hill, near battle, where William the Norman eroded his ftandard of defiance, the day before his battle with the Englifh. Slandel, Ox- fordf. in Pirton parifh. Standen, E- and W. Iflc of Wight, in E. Medina. Stan- den, Upper, and Nether, Beufordf. near Shitlington. St under trick, Somerfetf. NE. of Frome. Stand/ or d , Sliropf. 2 miles from Newport, in the road from Lopdon to Cheftcr. Standish, Gloucefterf. 4 nule3 NW. of Stroud, has a medicinal fpring, S T A fpring, in great repute for the' cure of many difeafes. Standish , Lancashire, N. of \\ igan . Standish Morton, Gloucef- terfhire, in the parifh of Standifli. Stand- By, near Durham. Standon, or Standlow, a town in Hertfordfnire, fituated on the river Rib, over which it has a county bridge, and which runs through the middle of the town, 8 miles NE. of Hertford, and 27 N. of London. The Ermine ftre?t is generally fuppofed to pafs through this pari Hi, over the Stoney hill field, from Iiraughing to Hertford. Market on Fri- day. Standon , Staff, near Charlton. ' Stane , Line. S. of the Saltfletbies. Stane, York- shire, V't .of M affam- Chace. Staneland, Y orki. S. of Halifax, hear the Calder. Stanemore, a dreary diffriddof Weft- ntorland, between Brough and Kirby- • Steven, part of it being in Bows parifh, in Y orkf. Here is a fragment of Rere- crofs, fet upas a boundary between Eng- land and Scotland, when Cumberland be- longed to the latter kingdom. Stwiesgate, Eflex, N. of Stcple. Sian - field. Line. W . of Ilorncaftle, has a me- dicinal fpring. Stanfield, Norf. near W indham. Stanfield , Norf. between Lytcham and Film ham. Stanfield, Yorkf. on the ( alder, W. of Halifax. Stanfield, Yorkf. S. of Pontefract. Stanford, Bedf. near Sou thill. Stanford, Berks, near FarringdonE Stanford, Chcfhire, Itetween Delamerey I'oreft and Chefrer. Stanford, Kent, NW. of -Hithe. Stanford, Norf. near Langford and Lingford, io named from the Forty ford over the river that panes through it. Stanford, North- umberland, \V. of Dunftaburg-Caffle. Stanford, Nott. on the river Soar, oppo- se to Loughborough. Stanford, So- ■ merf. Stanford, Worcefrerf. on the Feme, and the borders of Hereforiifhire, S. of Orleton. Stanford, Bishop's, Heref. SE. of Bromyard. Stanford- Bridge, Chefhire, over the Weever, S. of Narit- wich.. Stanford- B ridge, Kent, SB. of Sma rd c n . Stanford- Bury, Bed fo rd iff i re, near Stanford. Stanford- Dingey, Berks, near Titeal. Stanford- Hall, Northampt. near the Avon, towards Lutterw orth. Stan- ford -'e- Hope, Hi fox, between, Orfet and the Hhames, had formerly a ford, now a bridge, over the rivulet, called by feamen, the Hope. Stanford- Divers, Eil'ex, near Ongar. Stan gar tickside, Cumberland, near Harelaw. Si auger, Cumberl. on the Yv . fide of Derwent Lake, in-Crof- thwaite parifh. Sanger, Cumh. on the E. bank of the Cocker, 3 miles above s T A Ccckcrmouth. Here is a fine fpa, but little known, and not much reforted to. Stanhope, a Small town in Weref- dale, Durham, 20 miles SSW. of Dur- ham, and 264 N. by W. of London, ft has a fpacious park, in which the Scots army encamped when they were befieged, or rather Straitened, by Edward III. Mar- ket di fu fed. Stanhow , Norf. E. of Snetfham. Sta- Tiidelf , Warw. in the precincts ofWilne- cotc. Stanignt, Lincolnf. SE. of Mar- > ket Raifin. Staninfield, Suft. between Bury and Laven ham. Staninghall , Lan- caf. in Ambundernefs, between the river Skippon and the Ocean. Staninghall , Norf. between Wurfted and Norwich. Staiiingley, Y orkf. between Bradford and Leeds. Stajik, Lancaf. between the Le« ven Sands and Walney Ifland. Stank, Yorkf. NE. of Northallerton. Stank , Y orkf. near Leeds. Stanlalce , Oxfordf. near Stanton- Harcourt. Stanley Leonard, a town inGlou- cetferfhire, fo named from the ancient priory dedicated to that faint, of which iome ruins are yet remaining. It is 4 miles SW. of Gloucefter, and 104 \Y. by N. of London. Market on Saturday. Stanley, Chefhire, SW. of Frodfham. Stanley , Chefhire, near Hooton. Stanley , Dcrb. N. of Bolfover, has a mineral fpring. Stanley, Lane. N.ofCartmel. Stan- ley, StafFordf . S. of Cheadle, is a rough, ftony place, though Situated in the Moor- lands. Stanley, Warwick^ near Coven- try- StanlSy, Weftiu. NW. of Kendal. Stanley, \\ ills, W. of Caine, Stanley, Y orkf. near Wakefield. Stanley -Grange, Derby fhire,- near Morley. Stanley, Kings , Gloucef. 3 miles SW. of Stroud. Had formerly a palace of one of the Mercian kings. The poor people hereabouts are chiefly employed in the clothing manu- factory. Stanley, North , Y T orkf. N. of Ripley. Stanley-Ponteage, Gloucefterf. by W i n ch com b . Stanley- Pont larch, Gloucef. in Toddington parifh. Stan- li/s-Bnd, Gloucef. in the parifh of King’s Stanley. Slanlow, Staff E. of Knipperf- ley. Stanmore, Great, Middl. 10 miles NW. of London. Stan more-Common, on a hill, affords an extenfive prolpebf, and is fo very elevated, that fome high trees here ferve as a landmark' from the German Ocean. The ground floor of one of the houfes is faid to be on a level with Harrow church. Stanmore, Little , o'- JVhitchurch, Middl. near Edgeware. Stanmore Hound-House, M iddlefex* be- tween Stanmore and Bufhy-Fjeath. Stan- ley, Great and Little } 3 pules from Chef- S T A S T A ter. Stannington, Northumb. by Whal- ton. Stannington, Yorkf. W. Biding, in Ecclesfield parifh. StaTinog , Hants, near Titchfield-Bay. Stanpit, Kent, near Dartford. Stansby , Derb. SE. of Chef- terfield. Stansby, Yorklhire, 2 miles from Stockton-upon-Tees. Stansjield, SufF. N. of Clare. Siansgarth, or Stainsacre, Yorkf. S. of Whitby. Stans gate, Eifex, in S topic parifh. Stanshatv, Gloucef. in the parifh ofYate. Slanshope, Staffordf. 4 miles from Afhburn. Stansted, a town of Virginia. ' Stansted, Kent, NW. of Hithe. Stan- sted, Kent, 2 miles NW. ofWrotham. Stansted, Suffolk, near Melford. Stan- sted Abbots, Herts, on the Lea, in the vale, near Ehfiwick. Stansted- Bury, Herts, near Stanfled- Abbots. Stansted- Forcst and Park, Suffex, near Racfon, on the borders of Kampfhire ; it is furrpund- ed with woods, through which are cut the moft agreeable viftas imaginable ; and at the W. opening, there is a fine view of the town and harbour of Portfmouth, the fhipping at Spithead, St. Helen’s, See. Sec. Stansted- Monjichet, Eifex, near Birchanger, had its name from a caflle fixed here anciently, on an artificial mount, fome relics of which, were lately, if they are not Hill vinble, about a quar- ter of a mile from the church. Slansted- Street, Eifex, near Stanfted-Montfichet. Stant'ed-Thek, Herts, NE. of Kcdfdon. Stanswodd, Hants, in the New Forcft. Stanthorn , Cheihire, NW. of Middle- wich. Stantney, Cambridgeihire, near Ely. Stanton, a final! town in Lincolnf. 16 miles ENE. of Lincoln, and 146 N. of London. Market on Monday. Stanton, Derbyf. near the Trent, S. of Burton. Stanton, Derbyf. W. of Keg- worth. Here is a very ancient chapel, the infide of which is ftill entire. l’he cieling, which was painted, carved, and gilded, is in tolerable prefervation. It is now kept locked up, not being made ufe of. In the tower are three rooms, and over a part of the chapel is a fourth, all acceflible by winding Hairs of Hone. One of thefe rootm Pope made ufe of as a Hu- dy, having pali'ed part of two fummers here, in retirement, while employed in his tranflation of Homer. At this place he was frequently vifited by Gay, who ufed to fpend fome time at Cockthorp, a feat belonging to lord Harcourt, about 2 miles off Stanton, Derbyf. between Dali and the river Erwafh. St anion, Ilerefordf. on the Arro, NW. of Pern- bridge. Stanton , Lancaf. SE. of Dalton. Stanton, Northumb. NW. of Morpeth, Stanton, Nott. near Newark. Stanton , Shropf. W. of Albrighton. Stanton , Shropf. E. of Wem. Stanton, Shropf. NE. of Bifhop’s-Cafile. Stanton, Staf- fordfhire, near Wotton-under- Weever. Stanton, Wiltfhire, near Highworth. Stanton, YVilts, near Bifhop’s Canings. Stanton, Worcef. near Ridmerley, on the borders of Gloucelterf. watered by two ftreams, on which it has feven corn- mills. It had formerly a market and fairs, now difufed. Stanton, or Staunton, Gloucei- terf. 7 miles SW. of Campden, and 7 N. of Winchcomb. Stanton, or Staun- ton, Gloucel. 2 miles W. of Colford, and' b E. of Monmouth. The labouring peo- ple here are chiefly employed in the get- ting of iron ore, at which they earn good wages. Here is a Hone of a prodigious fixe, Handing, as it were, on a point, fo as to fill the beholder with apprehenfions of its being ready to fall. It is fuppofed to have been a rocking Hone, placed here in the times of Paganifm ; but it has uow loft its motion. Stanton, All-Saints, and St. Joans, Suffolk, NE. of lxworth. Sta/iton- Brudenel, LeiceHerfhire, 4 miles from Market- Bofworth. Stantonbury- Hall, Bucks, near Stony-Stratford. Stan - ton-Chapel , Monm. on the river Hothny, NW. of Michael Church. Stanton- Drew, Somerf. on the river Chew, which runs into the Avon, near Pensford, be- tween Bath and BriHol, 8 .miles W. of the former. Here is a monument re- fembling Stonehenge, confifling of a cir- cle of Hones 5 or 6 feet high ; the diame- ter of the circle is 90 paces. Stanton- Fenny, Huntf. SW. of St. Ives. Stan- ton- Gabriel, Dorfetfhire, on the coaH, E. of Lime. Stanton- Hall, Northumbcrl. on the Font river, NW. of Morpeth. Stanton- Harcourt, 6 miles W. of Ox- ford. There is a large barrow in the fields adjacent, and near it fome Hones, which are 8 feet high, and 7 broad near the bottom. They are called the Devil’s Coits, and are fuppofed to be made by art, of finall Hones cemented together, of which there are vaH numbers in thefe fields. Stanton- Harold, with a parkj Leicef. 2 miles N. of Alhby-dc-la-Zouch. Stanton-in- the- Hole, Line. NE. of Mar- ket- Radin. Stanton- in- the- Stones, Der- byfliire, in the High Peak. Stanton , King's, Devonf. near Newton- Bulhel. Stanton-Lacy , Shropf. on the Corve, N. of Ludlow. Stanton, Long, 8 miles from Cambridge. Stanton, Long, Shropf. near the Corve, NW. of Prior’s-Ditton. Slanlon- on- the- Would, Nott. N. of Plum- tree. STA tree. Sttinton-Prier , Somerf. E. of Pen f- fo'rd. Stanton- Quinton , Wilts, between Somerford and Cadlecomb. Stanton, St . John , NE. of Oxford. Stanton- under - Barton , Leicef. near Bagwortb. ton-icpon Wye,' Hereford f. N. of Mocker, Stanton IVicil, Lcicederihire, S. of Ilal- Jaton. Stantz, a town of Switzerland, for- merly capital of the canton of Undcrwal- den. It is fituated near the lake of Lu- cerne, 8 miles SE. of Lucerne, and 42 K. of Berne. Alfo a river of Stiria, which runs into the Muhr, 2 miles ENE. of Luttenburg. Stanvile , or Park-Corner , Oxfordf. in Bix and Swincomb parifnes. Stamvar- dins, Shropf. SW. of Wem. Sianway, Lii ex, SW. of Colcheder. Stanway , Glouc. 7 miles SW. of Campden. Slan- u'dl, Middlefejx, 2 miles NE. of Staines. Slamvick , Northampton f. N. of Higham- Levrers. Stanwick, Yorkf. 5 miles N. of Richmond. There is a ditch near it, 8 miles in length, cut between the Tees and Swale. Stanwix, Cumberland, near Carlifle, on the oppofite fide of the Eden. Slanyone, North amptonf. S W . of W eldo n . Stapeley, Chefhire, SE. of Namptwich. Stapenhill, Derbyf. SE. of Burton. Stapes- Hill , Dorfetf. near Hamperflon. Staple, Kent, 3 miles S W. of Sandwich. Staple, Somerfetf. NW. of 11 minder. Stapiedon , Devon!', near Thornbury. Slaplejord, 5 miles SE. of Cambridge. Slaplejord, E. of Chefter. Staple) or d, Derbyf. has a bridge, leading into Nottinghamffiire, on the Erwafli. Stapleford, N. of Hertford, in the vale, near the river Beane. Staple- ford, Leicef. 3 miles SE. of Mellon -Mo v/- bray. Stapleford, Lincolnf. N. of Beck- ingham. Slaplejord, near Nottingham. Slaplejord, Wilts, near Steple- Langford. Slaplejord, Abbots, Efiex, near On gar, E. of the river Rodon, or Rothing, over which it had a ford. Slaplejord, Tany, or Tawny, Ejfex, N. of Stapleford Ab- bots. Staplegale , Kent, near Nnv king- ton. Staplegrdve, Somerfetf. NW. of Taunton. Stapleherst, Kent, 4 miles N. of Granbrook. It Hands in a healthy air, and fruitful foil. Stapleliill ,- Devonshire, near Trufbam. Staplestown, in Carlow, Leinder. Stapleton, Cumber!, near Bcaucadle. Stapleton, douce!, on the Fro me, 3 miles NE. of Brillol. Here is a well, called the Boiling Well, the waters of which gufh out from many places, in a perpen- dicular direction, like a boiling cauldron, and with fo copious a dream, as to dr vc a mill a quarter of a mile from its foiuce. S T A . Stapleton, 7 miles from Leicester. Staple- l ton, Somerfetfhire, near Martock. Staple- l\ ton, Yorkfhire, on the Tees. SW. of Dar- j lington. Stapleton, Yorkf. near Ponte- \ fradt. Staplsy- Beacon, Sufc, E. of Ro- \ therbridge f Stara Rusa, a town of Novogorod, 1 in Ruffia, iitu.ated to the S. of Lake 11- i men, on the river Pol iffi, 56 miles S. of Novogorod. Sfarborrow, Kent, SW. of Pen (herd. J Slarborton, Yorkf. W. Riding, between | Landrethdale and Netherdale. Star - f burgh , Surry, E/of Crowherd, was for- | merly called Pringham. Starch-Green , | Middlefex, between Shepherd’s Bulh and Ad'ton.. Slaretcn , Warwicklhire, near 1 Stonely. Starckengburc, a town of Tyrol. -J Starenburg, a town of Upper Ba- varia, fituated on the Wurmfee. Stargard, or Starogard, a town 1 of Prudian Pomerelia, fituated on the | Fers, 20 miles S. of Dantzick. Stargard Old, a town of Meck- lenburg, capital of a circle, 55 miles SE. of Gufiro. Stargard New, a large, well-built town of Upper Saxony, capital of a duchy, : and of all Ulterior Pomerania, with a noble ’j college, good woollen manufactures, and a confiderable trade. It is featedon the ri- ver Ibna, 1 4 miles ESE. of Stetin, (whither ^ the court of regency, the chief tribunal, ] the exchequer, with other offices eccle- 1 fiadical and civil, have been removed) an De- vonf. 5 miles from 'Fotnefs. Staverton,' Gloucef. 4 miles' W r . of Cheltenham. Staverton, Northamp. W. of Daventry. Staverton, Wilts, on the Avon, 2 miles from Bradford and Trowbridge. Staugk- ton, Surry, NW. of Guilford. Staunton, Staff. AV. of Swinuerto.i. Staunton, Gloucef. N. oT Winchcomb. Stated, Dorfetf. a mile SE. of Nether-Compton. Stanvley , Somerfetlhire, SW. of Milver- ton. Staxton , Yorkf. near Pickering Foreft and Harford river. Stea?ibridge 9 Gloucefferf. in Painfwick parifh. Stean - bridge , Glouc. a hamlet to Bifley. S lean- bridge, Glouc. in the parilh of Stroud. Steanjord, Nottingham! - . on the Trent, near its entrance into the county.. Sleb- bing, Eljex, NE. of Dumriow. Stedes, Berks, S. of the Kennet, almoft oppofite to Theal. Sledham, Suflex, near Wol- beding. Steel, Northumberland, It. of Billingham. Steel, Shropfhire, S. of Whitchurch. ' Steel , Bridge and Cross, S uft ex, NW. of Rotheriield. Ste^NB ERGEN, a fmall town of Dutch' Brabant, 5 miles N. of Berge fl- op- Zoom. Steen kirk, a village of Hainau.lt, famous for a battle fought here, July 24th, 1C92, between the confederates, under W illiam III. king of Dngland, and the French, under the Duke of Luxemburg, in which the latter were victorious. The allies, who .were the afiailants, loft about 7000 men, killed and wounded, including the earl of Angus, general Mackay, Sir John Lanier, Sir Robert Douglas, and other gallant officers. The French loft about 3000 men killed, among whom were the prince of Turenne, the Marquis de Bcllefonds, Fcnnacon, Tilladet, and many other officers of rank and merit. The Duke of Chartres, then in his 15th year] Louis de Bourbon, grand nephew STE of the great C'onde; and Arnaud, prince of Conti, were in the French Army. It is lituated on the river Sonnecque, 13 miles N*. of Mods. Steen wick, a town of Overyflel, ■which has 3 churches. It is lituated on the river A a, in the country of Zallant, and on the confines of Friefland, 41 miles N. ofZutphen. i Steep, Hampfhire, N. of Petersfield. Sleephohn, Somerf. an ifland in the Briftol Channel, under Quantock- Hills. Steeple , Dorfetfhire, in Purbeck lflvn and parifh, among whom arc abdut 120 weavers. Here is alfo a manufactory of bonnets, and French or Quebec caps. It th a harbour, fafe, fpacious, and eafy of accefs. The Stornaway fifliermen are famous for the vad herds of porpoifes, which they kill in the lochs, fometimes by hundreds at a time; and their general induftry and ac- tivity, particularly in ihcir trade offiddng for herrings, for which, indeed, their fitu- ation is very happy. They alfo fend great quantities of oil, fcal fkins, and other fkins, annually, to different markets. Lat, 58. 24. N. Storrington, a fin all town of Suf- fex, near Parham- Market on Wednefday. Starr's, or S forth' s- Hall, Yorkshire, near Almondbury. Stortford/ See Bisiiop’s-Stort- FORD. Storthuvod, Yorkf. SW. of Pockling- ton. St of field, Durham, SW. of arid- pool. Stothy, or Slot by, Lincolnf. NW. of Horqcadle. S Lottes comb, Devonf. near Axmouth- Slotlesden, Shropfhire, E. of Brovvn-Clee-Hill. S tot ton, Dorfetf. in Up way parifh. Stoubes, North uinberf near the river Read, NW. of Otterhurri,. Sloven, Suffolk, between Halcfworth and Bpnacre. Stoughton, a (mall toyyn in Suf~ S> A 3 S T O fex, NE. of Ration. Market on Wed- nefday, if not difufed. Stoughton Grange, Leicef. 3 miles SSE. of Leicefter. Stoughton, Great , Hunting- donf. S. of Kimbolton. Stoughton-Green, Huntingdonfhire, 3 miles from St. Neots. Stoughton, Little, Bcdfordfhire, NW. of Bufhmead. Stoughton- Moor, Muntir.g- dcnfhire, S. cf Great Stoughton. StouL ton , near Worcefter. Stour, a river which rifes in Somer- set (hi re, from 3 Sources, the firft near Wincaunton, the Second near Pen, and the third near More Park. The Second and third of thefe Streams, unite Soon after their entering Dorfetfhire, in Gillingham Foreft, where the Stour becomes a confi- defable river, and dircdls its courfe nearly towards the S. where it is joined by the ftream from Wincaunton, near Fifehead. About 2 miles and a half below this junc- tion, it receives the waters of the Lyddon ; and about half a mile farther, it is joined by the Dulifh, flowing with a full Stream to SturminSter Newton. Here it diredls itf comfe to the SE. walking the town of Blandford, and receiving at Wimbourn M’nfter the waters of the Allen. About 4 miles below its junction with the Allen, it leaves Dorfetfhire, and falls into the Englifh Channel at Chrift Church, in Hamplhire. Stour, a river which rifes in Shrop- fhire, and running through Staffordshire and Worccftorlhire, Sails into the Severn at Stourport, above Hartlebury Caftle. Its courfe is about 20 miles, and it has on it, in that fpace, upwards of 30 Hit- ting-- mills, forges, corn-mills, &c. Stour, a river in Wo r cell erf. which runs into the Severn, near Redftone Paflagc. Stour, a river conliSting c.f two f! reams, called the Greater and Smaller Stour, both which rife in the Weald, or woody. Southern part of Kent, and run NE. the greater Stour through the city of Canterbury, and the lelfer through El- ham $ here they fall into one channel, .called the Wantfom, but are again di- vided into 2 Streams, one of which run- ning NW. falls into the German Ocean, near iteculver, and the other running SE. enters the Straits of Dover at Sand- wich. This river is famous for trout. Stou r, a river which forms al moil the entire boundary between Elfex and Suf- folk, waters Clare, Sudbury, Nayland, and Maningtree ; and, being joined by the Orwell from Lpfwich, forms the no- ble harbour of Harwich. Stour, a river in Dorfetfhire, which cuns into the Avon, near Canford Lawt . S T O Stour, a river which rifes in Elfex, and, running through Hertfordfhire, falls into the Lea at Hawfham. Stour, or Soar , a river in Leiceflerfhire, which pafles by Leicefter, Loughborough, MountforreJ, Quarndon, Barrow, See. and falls into the Trent at Thrumpton, in Nottinghamf. It has lately been made navigable from Loughborough to Leicefter. Stour, a river which riles in Oxfordfhire, and run T ning through Warwickfhire, falls into the Avon below Stratford. * Stourbridge, a well-built town of Worcefterfhire, noted for its confidera- ble glafs and iron works, (here being about 10 glafs-boufes, in which are made drinking- glaffes, bottles, See.) and hasalfo a manufactory of cloth, and efpecially fine frieze. It is 22 miles N. of Worcef- ter, and 124 NW. of London. Stourbridge, or Sturbich, the name of a common field, extending be- tween Chefterton and Cambridge, near the little brook Sture, for about half a mile fquare, is noted for its fair, which is kept annually on September 19th, and continues a fortnight. It is furpaffed by few fairs in Great Britain, or even in Eu- rope, for traffic, though of late it 'is much leffened. The booths are placed in rows, like ftreets, by the name of w r hich they are called, as Cheapfide, See. and are fill- ed with all forts of trades. The Dud- dery, an area of 80 or 100 yards fquare, refembles Blackwell- Hall. Large com- millions are nqgociated here, for all parts of England, in chccfe, woollen goods, wool, leather, hops, upholfterers and ironmongers ware, See. See. Sometimes 60 hackney coaches from London, ply morning and night, to and from Cam- bridge, as well as all the towns round, and the very barns and ftables are turned into inns, for the accommodation of the poorer people. After the wholefale hufi- nefs is over, the country gentry generally flock in, laying out their money in ftage- plays, taverns, mufic-houfes, toys, pup- pet- fhows, &c. and the whole concludes with a day for the falc of liorfes. 'Phis fair is under the jurifdiction of the Lni- verfity of Cambridge. Stourden, Gloucefterf. in Winterbourn parifh. St our mouth, Kent, near the mouth of the Stour, 4 miles NW. of Sandwich. Stourport, Worcef. 4 miles S. of Kidderininfter, where the navigable ca- nal empties itfelf into the Severn. This canal was begun in 1768, and finifhed in 1771, at the expence of 105,0001. A bridge, alio, over the Severn, which coft 50001. was finifhed here in 1775. Stourprovost, STO Stmirprovost , Dorfetf. on the Stout, 4 miles SW. of Shaftlbury. Stourton , Warw. on the Stour, SE. of Brailer. Stourton Caudal , fee CWa/ Stourton. Stourton , Wilts, or Stour- Heady near Hindoo. Here is a feat, or villa, which, though not large, yet has an air of gran- deur, and is well defigned for pleahue and convenience. From Alfred’s T ower, a beautiful building in a triangular form, 155 feet high, and afcended by 22 l fteps, in the pleafure ground, there is one of the moft ftrikiug and beautiful profpedts in England. This tower is built on the fpot where king Alfred eredled his ftan- dard, in the year 879, when he colle&ed together his lcattcred friends, and defeat- ed the Danes. The riser Stour lias its rife near this village. Stow- on-th e- Wo u ld, (generally called in old records, Stow, St. Ed- ward) a town of Gloucefterfhire, feated on a hill, expofed to the bleak winds, and deftitute of. both wood and water. It is 11 miles SSE. of Camden, 25 NE. of Gloucefter, and 77 W . by N. ot Lon- don. Market on Thurfday. The fairs, on May 12th and October 24th, have long been famous for hops, cheefe, and fhcep. , . Stow, 2 miles NW. of Buckingham. Here are very magnificent gardens, adorn- ed with temples, pavilions, obelilks. Sec. with a variety of ftatues and bulls, ancient and modern, 'belkles the llatues of the 9 mufes, of the liberal arts and fciences, and of the Saxon idols, that gave name to the days of the week. Sec. Stow, C ornwall, in the Briftol Channel, below' Hartland. Stow , Huntingdon!. In E. of Kimbolton. Stow, Monmouthf. Slow, Lincolnf. 1 mile E. of Fokingham, noted for a very large fair, on a neighbouring hill, for ail forts of goods, on October 10. Stow, between Lincoln and Gainibo- rough, fuppofed to be the ancient Sid- naceftcr. it was famous before Lincoln was a bifhop’s fee. 1 he church, which is a very large fabrick, was founded by one of the bifhops of Dorchefter, in > xtord ihire, and rebuilt by the firft bifhop of Lincoln. Stow , Line, near Market- Deeping. Stow, Northampt. near \ v ee- don-Beck, on the S. fide of the county. Slow, Sbropf. W. of Brum pton- Brian. Slow, Staffordf. NE. of Stafford. It is alfo called Stow Nine Churches. Stow- JJardolph, Norfolk, NE. of Down ham. In the fenny grounds adjacent, there is great plenty of turf for firing. Stow- Be- et zn, Norfolk, between W atton and Kar- ting. Stowborough , PQrfetfhire, on the STR Frome, a fort of fuburb to W arch am. Stowell, Gloucef. on the Coin, near Northleach. Stowell, Somerfetmire, near Milbourn-Port. Stowell, Somerfetf. m Morlinch parilh. S tower, Eastover, and IVestover , Dorfetihire, SW. of Shattfbury, on oppofite rides of the Stour, and omy parted by a bridge. Slower- Pain, Dor- fetfhire, near Blandford. Stowey, Nether, a town of So- mcrfetfhire, containing about 106 houfes. It had formerly a caftle, of which novef- tiges now remain, except the ditch. It is 12 miles N. of Taunton, and 145 W . by S. of London. Market on Tuefday. Stowey, or St.owlcy, Upper and Nether, Somerfetf. between Stoke-Guerfey and Stoke-Gomer. Stanford, Devonfhire, between the rivers Lid and Thrufhel, be- fore they meet at Lifton. Stowghlon, Sur- ry, NW. of Guilford. Stowictc, Gloucef. a hamlet to Henbury parilh. Stow-Lang- tojt, Suffolk, near Txworth. Stow, Long, Cambridgef. near the Gran fdens, 10 miles from Cambridge. Slow Maries, Eifex, N. of N. Fambridge. Stow Market, a large town of Suf- folk, containing a fpacious, beautiful church, with a large fteeple and lofty fpire, 120 feet high, and feveral good inns. Its cherries are thought to be the fin eft in England. It has a large manu- factory of tammies, and other Norwich fluff's j and is feated in the centre of the. county, between the branches of the li- vers Gipping and Orwell, 12 miles and a half/NNW. of Ipfwich, and 75 NN-5. of London. Market on Thurfday. Stow- Qytti, Cambridgef. SW . of New- market. Stowtingi Kent, 3 miles and half SW. of Eltham, had formerly a mar- ket on Tuefday. Stowton , \V orcefterf. NW. of Perfhore, StoxjWd, Northum- berl. on the Tyne, SW . of Prudo Caftle* * Strabane, a populous town ot Tyrone, in Lifter, feated on thq river Mourne, near Lough fioyie, 11 ^ miles SSW. of Londonderry, and 101 NNW . of Dublin. Stradbrook, Saffolk, 5 miles from Har- 1 eft on. . * Stradell a, a town of 1 avia, feated on the river Verfa, near the Po, 9 miles ESE. of Pavia. It is defended by a cita- del, and is a paffage of great i importance. Stradeally, a town of Queens County, in Leinftcr, 38 miles from Dub- lin. ' „ T n Stradeally, in Watcr.ord, xMunilcr. Stradone, in Cavan, Lifter. Slradid, Norfolk, NE. of Downham. St rads hill t Suffolk, near Great and Little 3 A 4 IWicy. STR S T R Bradley. Strafford, Yorkftrire, between Don- ; iter and iiotfoeram. It is a nafiage over the I)6n, Ir; the Romaft ikekild Street, and gives r.sme to a wnp-mtake. Strafed, Dorfei fibre, E. of Dorchefter. Sir'agona, in Fermanagh, Ulfter. Straid, In 8 ntiiai, U ; fter. StRalkn, a town of PrufSan Gueltier- Jand, 6 miles SW. of Gueldres. Stralsund, a fca-port town of Up- per Saxony, capital of Swcdifh Pomera- nia. it is very ftrong, being to furround- ed by the fed, and tha lake Francen, that it is only acceflible by bridges, and has be- tides very good forriftcations. The har- bour is feparated from the Hie of Rugcn by a narrow llrait. It is the refidence of the king’s governor-general, and the place where' the war-o;iice is kept, and the States hold their meetings. It is 40 miles NE. of Guftrow- Lat. 54. 47. N. Ion. 13. £8. E Sir amor e Inn , in Tyrone, Ulfter. Stramshall, Staffordshire, on the Taine Water, N. of Uttoxeter. Strand , in Donegal, Ulfter. Strand- house Inn, in Sligo. Connaught. Strand Green, Middl. by the Thames, between Chifwick and Brentford. * Strangford, a fea-port of Ireland, in the county of Down, feated on the W. fide of the narrow entrance of Lough Strangford, 7 miles NNE. of Down, and £0 N. of Dublin. Stranafort, Lough. SeeLoucn SrHANGFORD. Siranground, Huntingdc T:ire, S. of Peterborough. Strangle ard, Hereford- fnire, near the river Arro, W. of Pem- bridge. Strangles, Lancaf. near Man- chefter. Stranmore , in Down, Ulfter, near Mo- ballen. Siranocum, in Antrim, Ulfter. Stranorlane, in Donegal, Ulfter. Stranr aWer, a pretty large borough of W igtonlhire, in Scotland, containing above 1600 inhabitants. It has a harbour, to which belong more than 20 coafters and herring veftels, of 100 tons burden each; feme (hips of a larger burden fail to the Baltic and Norway, tor deals, iron, &c. It has a manufaC/hire of linens, and is fituated at the head of Loch Ryan. 20 hades W. of Wigton, and 33 S. of Ayr. Strcnton , Durham, S. of Hartlepool. St ran i/gore, in Down, Ulfter. What is commonly called the tide of Strany- gore, is occafionecl by the flood- tide coming in from the north, and meeting with an intercepting tide from the Bay of Cairickfergus. Strasberg, a town and lordftiip of Swabia, belongingtotheabbey of Buchau: and a town of Stolberg, in Upper Saxony. StPvAsburg, a city of France, capital of the department of Lower Rhine. It is fituated at the confluence of the rivers III and Brufch, over the former of which, there are 8 bridges of communication. The bridge over the Rhine is of wood, and 3900 fe* t in length. It is fupported in the middle by an ifland, on which is a ftrong fortification. The inhabitants, ex- clufive of the garrifon, are efti mated at 60,000. Here are 6 gates, and 200 ftreets, which, in general, are narrow; hut thq great ftreet, and two others, are regular and handfome • and the public buildings are elegant. In the cathedral is a clock, of admirable mechanifm, which {hews the motions of the conftel- lations, the revolutions of the fun and moon, the days of the week, the hours, - ed to the memory of Marfhal Saxe. It is 255 miles E. of Paris. Lat. 48. 35. N. Ion. 7. 51. E. Strasburg, a town of Culm, in Po- lifh Pruffia, fituated on the right fide of the Drabnitz, 30 miles NE. of Thorn ; a town in, the Ueker March of Branden- burg ; a town of Boleflau, in Bohemia ; a town of Carinthia, fituated on the Gurck, 12 miles N. of Clagenfurt; and 2 towns of Pennfylvania. Stratfield Mortimer , Berkfhire, SW. of Swallowfield Stratfield Say, Hampfhire, NW. of Hartley Row. Stratford, a town of Wicklow, in Leinfter, feated on the river Slaney, 26 miles nearly S. of Dublin. Stratford, a confiderable village of Ef- fex, feparated from Bow in Middlefex, by the river Lea, over which is a bridge, faid to be the moft ancient ftone arch in Eng- land, having been built by Maud, wife of Henry I. as its old church was by Ilenry II. it has a manufactory of porcelain, and is 4 miles ENE. of London. *' Stratford, Fenny, a town of Buckinghamfhire, 12 miles E, of Buck- ingham, and 45 NW. ot London. Mar- ket on Monday. Stratford, Old, Northampt. on theOufe, oppbiitc to Stony Stratford. A little N- of S T II ' of the ITorfe Shoe inn, flood one of utb. Station, Sufi near Brant ham. Suabia. a c rcle of Germany, bounded on the N. fry the circle, of Franconia, and , the palatinate of the Rhine, on the W. by the circle of the Lower Rhine and Alfacej on the S. by Swiflerland, and the Fyro- lele; and on the E. by Bavaria, it com- , prebends the duchies of Wirtemberg, the margraviate of Baden, the principalities of ft oven Zollern, Oetringen, and Mindel- beim ; the bifhoprics ofAugfburg, Con- - fiance, and Loire, with fevcral abbeys and free towns. The duke of Wirtemberg is diredlor. Suabia, Austrian, is compofed of the ancient, hereditary eflates of the houfe or fiablburg, and the remains which have fallen to Auftria, fince it has been elecl- ed to the empire. Thefe eflates are com- pofed of Burgau, Nellenhurg, the pre- fedlorate of Suabia, Hohen burg, the Or- tenau, Brifgau, and fome towns and con- vents. SuANA. See SoANA. Suanes, Suani, or Suaneti, a poor and fimjfie people of Alia, who inhabit one of the four divi lions of the kingdom of Iineritin. They fubfifl by railing cat- tle, and by a little agriculture. Major Kennel fuppofes them to be the defend- ants of a people of the fame name and country, Who are mentioned by Strabo. They were in his time, a formidable and numerous nation, governed by a king, with a national council of 300 pcrlons. They are faid to have collected a coPli- derabJe quantity of gold, by means of fleeces, which they funk in their torrents; a p radii ce from which Strabo derives the fable of the Golden Fleece. It is report- ed, that this mode of collecting gold ilill fubfilled, when the Turks were in pofl’cf- fion of Mingrelia, and that the produce of a river, called the Zgenis-ikald, was farmed by certain Jews of Conftantino- P le * Suaquem, a fmall ifland in the Red Sea, near the coafit of Nubia, with a feji- port of the fame name, anciently called Theon Soter. The ifland is fituated in a bay, the entrance of which is narrow, and well fe cured from every wind, with five, fix, and feven fathoms water. A Turkifh bafhaw refides here. Lat. 19. 20. N. Stubberton , Hampfhire, near Bifhop’s Waltham. Suebiaco, a town in the Campagna- di-Roma, feated on the river Teverone, 33 miles E. of Rome. SUETRAY MEZIERE EN B RE. NNE, & towr* S U D town in the dept, of thelndre, 9 miles S. of Chatillon. Succadana, a town of the : flan cl of Borne©, capital of a kingdom of the fame name. The chief produdb of the co un- it ry are camphor and diamonds. Lat. I. S. Ion. 109. 30. E. Suckholm, Nottf. near Wirkfop. Snckle- bridge, Somerf. Suck ley, $\V . of Wor- ceflcr. Sudbcarn , Suff. by Orford. S,.d- borougb, Northamp. NW. ofThrapfton. Sudbroke , NE. of Lincoln. Sudbroke , Monin. near Caldicot. Sudbroke, Surry, 2 miles from Kingfton. Sudbury, Berkf. near Windfor. Sudbury, Derbyf. 6 miles from Uttaxeter. Sudbury, Devonf. near Sudmouth. Sudbury and its Green, Mid- -dlefex, at the foot cf Harrow-Hill. Sud- bury, Gloucef. in Tiddenham parifh. * Sudbury, an ancient town, of Suffolk, containing 3 large, handfome churches. Its other building's are pretty good, but the fl eets are remarkably dirty in bad weather. It was one of the firfl feats of the Flemings, who were brought over by Edward (II. to teach the Englifh the art of manufacturing their own wool. It became, in confequence, very populous and opulent. Its trade is now diverted, in great part, into other chan- nels; however, many kinds of thin fluffs are frill made here, inch as fays, perpetu- anas, bunting for fhips’ colours, burial crapes, &c. The river was made navi- gable from this place to Maningtree many years ago. It is feated on the N. fide of the river Stour, by which it is alinolf fur- rounded, and over which it has a band- fome bridge leading into Eifex, 14 miles SSE. of St. Edmondfbury, and 56 NE. of London. Market on Saturday Sudbury Tenements, Glouceftcrlhire, in Winchcomb parifh. Sudcote Steel, Y orkf. near Hull. Sudden, Dorfetfhire, 2 miles S. of O'wre Moigne. Suddington , Glou- cefterfhire, near Cirenceficr. SuDKRMANIA, or SUDERMAN LaND, a province of Sweden, S. of Upland and Wefimanland, about 100 miles in length, and 60 in breadth. It is the mofl populous and heft cultivated part of Sweden, having alfo a fertile foil, with woods, paflures, fine arable lands, lakes well flocked with fifh, and mines of di- vers metals. Nicoping is the capital. Sudeuoe, one of the Ferro lflands, in the Northern Ocean, remarkable for a dangerous whirlpool near it, whicli*is cc- cafioned by a crater, 61 fa. horns deep in the center, and between 50 and 55 at the Tides. The danger at moil times is great, efpecially in norms, when {hips are irrefifti- SUE bly drawn in ; the rudder lofes its power, and the waves beat as high as the mafhr, fo that an efcape is al me ft miraculous; yet, at the renux, and in very ilill weather, the inhabitants venture hither in boats, for the fake of fifning. Sndgrcve, or South grove. Cloucefterf. Sudick, Durham, N. of Monk-Wear- mouth. Suenborg, a fea-port town of Den- mark, in the ifland of Funcn, with ma- nufactures of woollen and linen. Here is the beft harbour in the ifland- It is 22 miles SSE. of Odenfee. Lat. 55. 9. N> Ion. 10 . 37 . E. Siidlcy, Glouceflcrfhire, 1 mile S. of W inchconib. Sudmead, near Glouccfter. Suez, anciently Berenice, a town of Egypt, feated at the N. end of the W. ^ulf of the Red fea, called the Gulf of Suez, with a harbour. This gulpb is le- parated from the Mediterranean by an iftbmus, 120 miles over, which joins A fin to Africa. The town is without water, which comes from the wells of Naha, _ (carried by Arabians) on the other fide of the gulf, and without almofl all the other neceflaries of life. Fifh is the only article of provifions plentiful here, it is very much crowded with people, when the Turkifh galleys arrive there. How- ever, at other times, it is very thinly in- habited, and the harbour is 'oo fhallow to admit -fhips of great burden. The commerce of Suez with Cairo is carried on only by means of caravans, but fevc- ral veffels fail annually between this port and Jidda, it is fituated in a fandy coun- try, the ground around being all one bed of rock, flightly covered with land, (plants, trees, gardens, and fields being entirely unknown) 60 miles ES2. of Cairo. Lat. 30. 2, N. Ion. 32. 45 E. Suffield, a town of Maflhchufetts, 8 miles S. of Springfield. Sujjield, Norf. NW. of North Wal- fham. Suffield, Y orkfhire, NW. of Scar- borough. Suffolk, an Englifh county, bound- ed on the W. by Cambridgefhire, on the N. by Norfolk, on the S. by Efiex, and on the E. by the German Ocean. It extends 58 miles from E. to \V. and 28 from N. to S. It is divided into 22 hun- dreds, which contain 31 towns, 575 pa- rifhes, 155Q villages, about 34,042 houfes, and 206,000 inhabitants. The air is very clear and healthy, even near the lea-coaft The foil is of various qualit’es, but the country in general level. That near the fhore is fandy and full of heaths, yet abounds in rye, pcafe, turnips, car- rots. S U I rots, and hemp, with numerous flocks of fheep. Copious beds of petrified fhells, called {hell- marl, which are found in va- rious parts between Woodbridge and Or- ford, have for many years been made ufe of for jm proving light fand, and have li- berally rewarded the agricultural labours tn thofe parts. High- Suffolk, or the Woodlands, which is the inland part of the county, lias a rich, deep clay and marl, that yields good pafture-grounds, on which ferd abundance of cattle. That part which lies on the confin s of Effex and Camhridgefliirc, affords alfo excellent pafiure ; and about Bury St. Edmund’s, and to the N. and NW. it is fruitful in corn, except towards Newmarket. Its principal produce is butter and cheefe ; but as the latter is only fupplementary to the former, it has gained, almoft prover- bially, the character of the worft in Eng- land. Grain of all forts, beans, and hemp, are grown in this county, and a few hops not far from Sudbury. 1 hey have an ex- cellent breed of draught horfes : the cows are in great repute for the quantity of milk they give (they are not of a large fizc, and univcrfally without horns): the farmers are fkilful; arid on the whole, this county, with refpedl to agriculture, is one of the moft thriving in England. The principal rivers are the Stour, the Waveney, Little Oufe, Lark, Deben, Blythe, Aide, and Orwell, in one part of it, called the Gipping. Ipfwich is the principal town, but the affixes are held at Bury St. Edmund’s. Suffolk, a county of Maffachufetts, a coftnty of New York and a town of Virginia. Sujion , E. of Hereford. Sugarlqaf-Hill, Great and L it- tlh, two high conical mountains, in W icklow, Leinfter. They arc fituated rear Biay, between Wicklow and Dub- lin, about 12 miles from each of thefe ports. SuGELMESSA, or SlGELMESSA, a town of Morocco, capital of a diftridt about 100 miles in length. It abounds in corn, dates, and other fruits ; and has mines of iron, lead, and' antimony* It is 72 miles NNE. ofTafilet. Sugriel, Great and Little, Staffordf. NW . of Ecclefhall. Sugwas , near Here- ford. Suh LA, a town of Henneburg, in Franconia, v h manufadlures of Heel, fu Ilians, and ticks. It is fituated on the river Hafel, 7 miles SE. ofSmalkalden. Suinoe, one of the lerro or Faroer illands, in the N. Sea. SUL Suippe, a town in the dept, of the Marne, fituated on a river of the fame name, (which afterwards runs into the. Ailne) 12 miles N. of Chalons fur Marne, i Suir, a large riverof Munfter, which rifes in Tipperary, is navigable for barges, : from Clonmel to the fca; and for veilels of confiderablc burden, from Carrick on Suir. At Waterford it forms a deep and fpacious^ harbour, and below that city it unites with the Nore, and paffes on to the fea, 8 miles below Waterford, form- ing a commodious haven, deep enough for the largdf veilels.. Sudbury, Bucks, E. ofWinflow. Sul- by, Northampton f. NW. ofNafeby. Sul- J°rd , Northamptonf. near Haddon. Sul- ' grave, Northamptonf. near Weedon, in ? low, clayey foil; near it is Barrow Hill, on which is a tumulus, and from thence may be feen 9 counties, viz. North- ampton, Warwick, Worcefler, Oxford, Gloucefler, Berks, Bucks, Bedford, and Hcrtfordfhire, and in very clear wea- ther, part of Ilampfhire and Wiltfhire. Sulham, Berkfhire, 4 miles W r . of Read-' ing. Sulham sted Abbots , Berks, on the ■ Kennet, oppofite Inglefield. Sullane, a river of Cork, in Mun- fier, which runs into the Lee, 15 miles W . of Cork. Sullemacha, Hert ford fh ire, near Elftree. Sully, a town in the dept, of Saone and Loire, 7 miles ENE. of Autun ; and a town in the dept, of Loiret, fituated on the Loire, 21 miles SE. of Orleans, Sulmona, anciently Sulmo, the ■ birth-place of the poet Ovid, a town of j Abruzzo Citra, containing 11 churches, ' and 12 convents. Sulphur Island, in the N. Pacific Ocean, about 5 miles long, in a NNE. 1 and SSW. direction. A confiderable part of it is conjedlured to be fulphur, both from its appearance to the eye, and the ftrong fulphuric fmell which it emit - The furface exhibits various colours, and when feen From the WSW. it pre- fents an evident volcanic crater. It was difeovered by captain Gore, in 1779. Lat. 24. 43. N. Ion. 141. 12. E. Sulf ania, a town in Irac-Agemi, built in the 13th century, on the ruins of the ancient Tigranocerta. Many khigs of Perfia made it their rcfidcncc, and it was, at one time, one of the largeft cities of Afia. The fireets are now deferted, and the inhabitants fcarccly amount to 6000. It is 250 miles NN W. of Ifpahan, Sulton , Suflex, N. of Arundel Forefl. Sultsbach, a town in the palati- nate of Bavaria, fubjed to the duke of 4 Newburg S U M Newburg Sultzbach. It is 10 miles NW. of Amberg. Alio a town in the dept, of the Upper Rhine, 6 miles S\V.pf Colmar. Sultzburg, a town of Baden Dom- lach, celebrated for its wine. Sumatra, an ifland of Alia, the moil weftern ot the Snnda Iflands, about . 20 miles in length, and 180 in its great eft breadth. On the SE. it is feparated from Java by the Straits of Sunda. Its gene- ral direction is nearly NW. and SE. The equator divides it into almoft equal parts, the one extremity being in 5. S3. N. and the other in 5. 50..S. lat. No account had been given of this ifland, by any Eng- lishman, till the year 1778, when Air. Charles Miller publilhed an account of the manners of a particular diftri£i, in the 68th volume ot the Philosophical I ranf- a&ions. Thefe were the Bettas, a people who live in the inter. or parts, called tne C'affia country. They differ from all the other inhabitants in language, manners, and cudoins. They eat the prifoners whom they take in war, though only in terrorem , and not as common food, and hang up their fkulls as trophies in their houfes. From this country, the greateft part of the c a Ilia that is fent to Europe is procured. It abounds alio with the cam- phire trees, which confritute the common timber in ufe; and in tkele trees the cam- pbire is found native, in a concrete form. It is remarkable, that in this date it is fold to the Chinefe, at the pr.ee of 2601. or 3001. per cwt. but thefe dexterous ar- tids contrive to furnifh the Europeans with it, at about a quarter of that price. In 1783, Mr. Marfden, who had been lecre- tary to the prefident and council of f ort Marlborough, published a hiftory of Su- matra, with very copious particulars of the ifland. He represents it as furpaiTed by few in the beautiful indulgences of nature. A chain of high mountains, in fome of which are volcanoes, run through their whole extent} their altitude, though great, is not fufficient to occafion their be- ing covered with fnow during any part of the year. Between thefe ridges are ex- tends plains, considerably elevated above the furface of the maritime lands. In thefe, the air is cool} and, from this ad- vantage, they are eltecmed the mod eligi- ble portion of the country, are the bed inhabited, and fehe molt cleared from woods, which elfcwhcre, in general, throughout Sumatra, cover both hills and vallies with an eternal lhade. Hcie too are found many large lakes, that facili- tate much the communication between the different parts. The heat of the air S U M is far from being fo intenfe as might be expedited from a country occupying the middle of the torrid zone ; and it is more temperate than many regions with- out the tropics, the thermometer, at the mod fultry hour, about two in the after- noon, generally fluctuating between 82 and 85 degrees. Mr. Marfden divides the inhabitants into Malays, Achenefe, Battas, Lampoons, and Rejangs } and he takes the latter as the ftandard of de- feription, with refpeef to the perfons, manners, and cuftoms of the inhabitants. They ate rather below the middle {future; their hulk in proportion } their limbs, for the moft part flight, and particularly (mail at the wrifls and ancles} and, upon the whole, they are accounted gracefully formed. Their hair is drong, and of a Chining black. The men are beardlefs ; great pains being taken to render them fo, when boys, by rubbing their chins with a kind of quick lime. Their com- plexion is properly yellow, wanting the red tinge that conditutes a copper or tawny colour. They are, in general, lighter than the Meffees, or half-breed, of the reft of India; thofe of the wealthier dais, who are not expofed to the rays of the fun, and particularly their women, approaching to a degree .of fairnefs. Some of the inhabitants of the hilly parts are obferved to have the fwelled neck, or goiter } hut they attempt no remedy for it, as thefe wens are confident with the higheft health. The rites of marriage among the Sumatrans, con (ill (imply in- joining the hands of the parlies, and pro- nouncing them man and wile, without much ceremony, excepting the entertain- ment which is given upon the occafion. But little apparent courtthip precedes their marriages. Their manners do not admit of it ; the young people of each (ex being carefully kept afunder, and the girls being fclclom traded from under the wing of their mothers, 'I he oppor- tunities which the young people have of feeing and converting with each other, are at the public fedivals. On thefe occadoris, the perfons, who are unmarried, meet to- gether, and dance and (ing in company. 'Flic men, when determined in their Re- gards, generally employ an old woman as their agent, by whom they make known their fentiments, and fend preients to the female of their choice. The parents then in ter fete, and the prelim naries being &t- tled, a lead takes place. At thefe fedi- vals, a goat, a buffalo, or fcveral, accord- ing to the rank of the parties, are killed to entertain, not only the relations and in- vited S U M vited gucfts, but all the Inhabitants of the neighbouring country, who chufe to re- pair to them. The greater the caneourfe, the more is the credit of the h oft, who is, generally on thefe occafions, the father of the girl. 'The cuftoms of the Sumatrans permit their having as many wives as they can purchafe, or afford to maintain ; but it is extremely rare, that an inftanee oc- curs of their having more than one, and that only among a few of the chiefs. The children are nurfed hut little, not confined by any fwathing or bandages ; and being fullered to roll about the floor, foon learn to walk and fhift for themfelves. When cradles are ufed, they fwing fufpended from the ceilings of the rooms. The Su matrans are fond of the barbarous diver- lion of cock-fighting, taking great pains in rearing and feeding cocks, and never inarching the fame colours ; but a grey againft a pile, a yellow againft a red, and the like It rarely happens that both cocks furvive the combat. The wild beatts cf Sumatra are tigers, numerous elephants of a fuperior fize, rhinocerofles, bears, monkies, and even cats. The ti- gers prove to the inhabitants, both in their journeys, and even their domeftic occu- pations, mofl deftrudftive enemies. . The number of people annually fain by thefe rapacious tyrants of the woods, is almoft incredible. Whole villages have been depopulated by them. Yet, from a fu- perfdtious prejudice, it is with difficulty they are prevailed uppn, by a large reward which the India Company otters, to ufe methods of deftroying them, till they have fuftained fome particular injury in their own family or kindred. Their traps, of which they can make variety, are very in- genioufly contrived. Sometimes they are in the nature of ftrong cages, with falling doors, into which the beaft is enticed by a goat or dog inclofed as a bait j fome- times they manage that a large timber fhall fall in a grove, acrofs his back ; fome- times he is noofed about the loins with ftrong rattans ; fometimes he is led to afeend a plank, nearly balanced, which turning when he is paft the center, lets him fall upon fharp flakes prepared be- low. Inftances have occurred of a tiger being caught by one of the former modes, which had many marks in his body of the partial iuccefs of this laft expedient. The iize and ftrength of the fpecies which prevails on this iftand is prodigious. They are faid to break, with a ftrokc of their fore paw, the leg of a horfe or a buffalo ; and the largett prey they kill is without difficulty dragged into the woods by s u M them. This they ufually perform on the fecond night, being fuppofed, on the firft, to gratify themfelves with fucking ' the blood only. Time is by this delay afforded to prepare for their deftrucVion ; 4 and to the methods already enumerated, 1 befide fhooting them, may be added that * of placing a vefiel of water, ftrongly im- j, pregnated with arfenic, near the carcafs. The tiger having fatiated itfelf with the 1 flefh, is prompted to afliiage his thirft ,i with the. tempting liquor at hand, and -i perifhes in the indulgence. Their chief 1 fubttftence is moft probably, the monkies 1 with which the woods abound. They j are deferibed as alluring them to their * fate, by a fafeinating power, iimilar to what has been fuppofed of the fnake ; I and, fays Mr. Marfden, “ I am not • incredulous enough to treat the idea ^ with contempt, having ir.yfelf obferved | that when an alligator or crocodile, in a river, comes under an overhanging bough of a tree, the monkies, in a ifate of alarm and diftradiion, crowd to the extremity, : and chattering and trembling, approach * nearer and nearer to the amphibious iron- ; ftet that awaits to devour them as they , drop, which their fright renders almoft > unavoidable.” Thefe alligators likewife > occatton the lofs of many inhabitants, | frequently deftroying the people as they | bathe in the river, according to their re- ] gular cuftom, and which the perpetual 1 evidence of the rilk attending it, cannot deter them from. A fuperftitious idea ’ of their fan&ity, alfo, preferves them l from moleftation, although with a hook j of fufficient ftrength, they may be taken < without much difficulty. The other ani- mals of Sumatra are buffaloes, civet cats, a fmall but numerous kind of horfe?, ; goats, hogs, which run wild in the moun- tains, deer, few hares, but plenty of other game, bullocks, and hog-deer. This laft is an animal 1 fomewhat larger than a rabbit, the head refembling that of a hog, and its fhanks and feet like thole of the deer. The Iheep which have been hither- to carried to the ifland, decay and come to nothing. The bezoar-ftone found on this animal has been valued at ten times its weight in gold; it is of a dark brown colour, linooth on the outfide, and the coat being taken off", it appears ftill darker, with firings running underneath the coat: it will iwim on the top of the water. If it be infufed in any liquid, it makes it ex- tremely bitter : the virtues ufually attri- buted to this ftone are cleaniing the fto- mach, creating an appetite, and fweeten- ing the blood. Of birds they have a greater SUM SUM greater variety than of beads. The coo- ow, or Sumatran pheafant, is a bird of uncommon beauty. They have dorks of prodigious fize, parrots, dunghill fowls, and ducks, (the eggs of which are in the greated plenty, and form a confidera- ble article of commerce) the larged cocks in the world, wood-pigeons, doves, and a great variety of fmall birds different fr«m ours, and didinguifhed by the beauty of their colours. Of their reptiles, they have ferpents, lizards, flying lizards, and cameleons. The ifland fwarms with in- fedls, and their varieties are no lefs extra- ordinary than their numbers. The princi- pal feeds fown are rice and millet. They have fugar- canes, beans, peas, radilhcs, yams, potatoes, pumpkins, and feveral kinds of pot-herbs unknown to Europe; and here are found mod of the fruits to be met in other parts of the E. Indies, in the greated perfection. Indigo, Brafil- wood, two fpeciesof the bread-fruit tree, the bed pepper in the E. Indies, except that of Cochin China, and which forms the mod important article of commerce here, 20 veflels being annually loaded with this fpice ; benjamin, coffee, and cotton, are likewife the produce of this ifland. Here alfo is the cabbage tree and filk cotton tree; and the foreft contains a great variety of valuable fpecies of wood, as ebony, pine, fandal, eagle, or aloes, teeh, manchineel, iron-wood, the banyan- tree, and the mod precious balfams, and odoriferous gums. Gold, diver, tin, iron, copper, lead, agaric, fapphires, fulphur, arfenic, and faltpetre, are alfo produced at Sumatra. Bees wax is a commodity of great importance here; and they have likewife edible birds-ncds. It is well wa- tered by a great number of rivers, in which there is plenty of fifh. The Eng- liffi and Dutch have factories on this ifland ; the principal one of the former being Fort Marlborough, on the SW. coad. Sumatra is divided into many petty kingdoms. The original natives of Sumatra are Pagans ; but it is to be obferved, that when the Sumatrans, or any of the natives of the eadern idands, learn to read the Arabic character, and fubmit to circumcidon, they are faid to become Malays ; the term Malay being underftood to mean Mussulman . Sumbi, a province of Angola, in Afri- ca, lying in about 11 deg. S. lat. and but little known. Sumbridge t Devonflnre, near Barnda- ple. Summerby, Leicefterf. near Cold- Orion, Summer Court, Cornwall. * Summer-Hill, a town of Meath, in Leinder, 20 miles from Dublin. Summerley, Suflex, S. of Burdham. Summers , Bedf. E. of Luton. Summer- ton, Oxf. on the Charwell, near Fritwell. Summerton , Suffolk. Sumner, a county of N. Carolina. Sun art, a didridf of Argylefhire, re- markable for numerous veins of lead, which, how'ever, are not very produ&ive. Sunart Loch, an inlet of the fea, in Argylefhire, which feparates the idand of Mull from the didridl of Morven. Subbingin , Wedmorl. S. of Crofby- Ravcnfworth, at the foot of Beacon Hill. At a little didance is Sunbiggin Tarn, or Lake,, which abounds with eels, and in which are bred vad quantities of a red trout, like char. The adjoining moors abound with groufe and moor- game. Sunbrick, Lancaihire, W, of Ken Sands. Sunbury, Middlefex, on the Thames, be- tween Hampton- Court and Shepperton. Sunbury, a town of Georgia, in N. America, with a fafe and commodious harbour, 25 miles SSW. of Savannah. Several fmall idands intervening, partly obdrucd a direct view of the ocean, and interlocking with each other, render the paflage to fea winding, but not difficult. It is a pleafant, healthy town, and is the refort of the planters from the adjacent places of Midway and Newport, during the fickly months. Alfo a town of Penn- sylvania, 92 miles NYV. of Philadel- phia. Sund a Islands, in the Indian Ocean, near the Straits of Sunda. The chief of them are Borneo, Java, and Sumatra. Sunda, Straits of, a drait or paf- fage in the Eadern Indian Ocean, be- tween the idands of Sumatra and Java. Sundal, a town of Drontheim, in. / Norway, fituated on the Driva, 66 miles SSW. of Drontheim. Sunderbunds, a tra£t of country in. Hindooftan, confiding of that part of the Delta oi the Ganges, in the S. part of Ben- gal, which borders on the fea. It is compofed of a labyrinth of rivers and creeks, all of which are fait, except thofe that immediately communicate with the principal arm of the Ganges. In extent it is about equal to the principality of Wales. “ It is fo completely enveloped in woods, and infeded* with tigers,” fayS Major Rennell, “ that if any attempts have ever been made to clear it (as is re- ported) they have hitherto mifcarried.” Here fait, in quantities equal to the whole confumption ef Bengal and its de- 3 B pendencies. SUN pendencies, is made and transported with equal facility; and here alfo is found an almoft inexhauftible llore of timber for boat building. The xliftance to which the Gauges expands its various branches, at its jundlion with the fea, is about 200 miles. Sunderburg, a fea- port of the Ifle of Alfen, in Denmark. !t is Seated on a ftrait, called Sunderburg Sound, 12 miles E. of Flen diburg. Sunderoo, a Small iiland and Sea-port of Hindooftan, on the Con can coafl, about 36 miles NNW. of Goa. It was reduced by Commodore James, in 1756. Sunderland, a large, populous, thriving, and well built Sea-port town in the county of Durham, containing a hand- fome church, a large and elegant chapel of eafe, a neat and large chapel for the Methodifts, five Diflenters’ meeting- houSes, an hofpital for old Seamen or their widows, another for eight poor wo- men, a dii'penfary, and other public build- ings. Its inhabitants are eftimated at ■30,000. Coal is the Staple commodity, of which about 280,000 chaldrons, New- caftle meafure, are exported annually. This coal is brought down the Wear, from numerous pits near its banks. In one year, (1791) not lefs than 4905 vef- fels cleared coaftways, and 703 overfea ; in all 5608. This town, together with that of Bifhop Wearmouth, bordering on its weflern extremity, and to which it is immediately attached, comprehend a Space of about a mile and a half in length, and a quarter of a mile in breadth. The main Street, and particularly the central part of it, rifing in a considerable afeent, which connects the two towns, is Spa- cious and tolerably handfome, but moft of the other Streets, which branch off from it, are narrow and dirty. GlaSs bottles and fait are manufactured here, and there is an exportation of lime, grindftones, coperas, pottery- ware, and other articles. For a long time the navigation of this port ■was considerably impeded, from- the want of a Sufficient depth of water, to admit fhtps of any considerable burden to put to Sea with their whole lading ; to re- medy which. Such veffels were obliged to take part of their cargo in the open road; by which the keel-men, who bring down the coals, were often expofed, in Sudden florins, to danger, by venturing out to fea with the remainder of their lading; to obviate which inconvenience, and the danger to which the vefiels are there of- ten expofed, many of the largeSt Ships belonging to this port were obliged to SUN take in their lading at Shields. But this inconvenience is now very much remedi- ed, by recent improvements in the har- bour, and particularly the addition of a north pier, by which the ebbing tide' gains greater force to Scour the Sand which forms a bar at the entrance of the harbour; the tide now flows 16 feet, and admits veffels of 300 and 400 tons burden. 1 A bridge has been lately erected acrofs - the river Wear, thought to be the greateft v curiofity of its kind in the world. It is J not lefs remarkable for its prodigious ■*« height and extreme Span, than -for the pe- ' culiarity of its efouftrudlion, being formed ’ of fmall fegments of call iron, joined in Such a manner as to form a complete arch, the fpan of which is 236 feet, and will admit of veftels failing under it of 400 | tons burden, by only ftriking their top- gallant mafts. The feamen of this pert - are reckoned among the colliers, the befl in the kingdom. Sunderland is a member of Newcaftle, and is fituated on the S. fide of the river Wear, (by which, at high water, it is almoft furrounded) 3 3 •' miles NE. of Durham, and 204 N. by W. of London. Sunderland, a town of Maffachu- fetts, Situated on the E. fide of the Con- 1 nedlicut, oppofite Deerfield, and 69 miles W. of Bolton. Sunderland , Cumberl. 4 miles NE. of Cockermouth. Sunderland , Durham, by Branfpeth-Caftle. Sunderland , North- ; umberland, by the fea, N. of Dnnftabnrgh , Caftle. Sunderland , High , Yorkf. near ' Halifax. S under land-Point , Lancaihire, . on the coaft, SW. of Lancafter. Sunder - land Wick, Yorkf. near Great and Little 1 Driffield. Sundgaw, formerly a diftridt of Ger- 1 many, on the left fide of the Rhine, but now forming the Southern part of the dept, of Low r er Rhine. Sundi, a province of Africa, in Congo, which lies along the river Zaire. Its ri- vers render it extremely fertile, and in the mountains are mines of Several metals. The capital is of the fame name. Lat. 4. 50. S. Ion. 17. 55. E. ’ Sundan , Upper and Lower , Bedfordf. SW . of Stretley. Simdrzdge, Kent, 2 , miles and a half NE. cf Weftram. Sun- dridge , Kent, in Bromley pariffi. Sundswall, a Sea-port of Medel- padia, Sweden. Lat. 62. 47. N. Ion. 17. 5. E. Sungar , Warw. S. of Onverdon. S au- ger, Wilts, near Clarendon. Sunk-Island, Y orkf. in the Humber, about two milcs_ j long, and one and a half broad. It is about S U R about 10 miles KW. of Spurn Head, and 14 SE. of Hull. Sunning , Berks, on the Thames, 2 miles NE. of Heading. At the E. end of the church, Leland fays, there flood a chapel, formerly much reforted to in pilgrimage, for the cure of madnefs. According to the fame author, 9 bifhops fat here, till Hermanus, the laft of them, tranflated the fee to Sarum. Sun- 7iing-Ei/e, Oxf. near Sunning. Sumiing- HiU , Berks, in Windfor-Foreft, near Bag- Ihot : its medicinal wells arc efficacious in paralytic cafes. Sunni rig- Well, Berks, SE. of Oxford and Bafll’s Leigh. Superior, fo called from its magni- tude, the largeft lake of North America, and fuppofed to be the largeft body of freffi water on the globe. It. may be juft- ly termed the Cafpian Sea of America, being, according to the French charts, not lefs than 1500 miles in circumference. There are many iflands in this lake, two of them are very large, efpecially ifle Roy- ale, which is computed to be 100 miles long, and in fome places 40 broad. The furrounding coaft is rocky and uneven. E pward of 30-riveis enter this lake, fome of which are of confiderable fize. it abounds with fiffi, particularly trout and Burgeon ; the former generally weighing from 12 to 50 pounds. Storms afr'edt this lake as much as they do the Atlan- tic Ocean, it difcharges its waters from the SE. corner, through the Straits of St. Marie, into Lake Huron. Supino, a town of Molifo, in Naples. Sur. See Sour. Surat, a fea-port of Hiudooftan, en- compafted on the land fide with two brick walls, which divide it into the Inner and the Outer Town. Within the inner walls ftarfd the citadel, on the fhore of the river, divided by trenches from the town. The Europeans refiding. here, eftimafe the population of the city at a million of inhabitants, but M. Niebuhr thinks this calculation above the truth by, at lead, two thirds. The larger houfes are flat-roofed here, as through the reft of the Eaft, with courts before them, but the houfes of the common people are moftly high-roofed. Its trade is very confiderable, it being the great ftore- houfe of the moft precious productions of India; and in the city are as many dif- ferent profeffionsof religion as in Amfter- dam j for there are Mahometans of feveral feeds, and many forts of Gentoos. Mr. Niebulw fays, that the -Mahometans at Surat are not, by far, fo ftridt as they are in Arabia, or in ether Turkifh countries, nor are the diftindtion of tribes among the S U R Hindoos wharefide here, ftridtly obferved. “ Thefe Hindoos,” lie continues, “ are a fet of induftrious, fober people, and of fuch furprifing honefty, that no Euro- peans have ever had caufe to repent the entrufting even their whole fortune, to the Banians, who being born to trade, are employed here as brokers, as the Jews are in Turkey. The Hindoo women affift their hufbands in earning their bread, and keep themfelves fo clean, that the European women, who come to India, are obliged to follow their example, or run the rifk of lofing their hufband's af« fedlions. When a child is born, a Bra- min is to declare, by aftrological rules, whether the child is come iuto the world in a lucky hour or not. This done, he hangs a thin firing over the fhoulder of a boy, who wears this diftindlive mark of his nation all his life-time. The Bramins fix the time for the celebration of weddings; and alfo order and announce the holy- days. Every Banian is obliged, every morning, after wafhing and bathing him- felf, to have a kind of feal impreii'ed on his forehead, by a Bramin ; though this is the. office of inferior Bramins only. I law, one morning, a great number of them fit on the river fide, under the cat- tle, where a number of girls and women reforted to bathe, and to fay their morn- ing prayers. Every one of them gave the clean clothes, which they intended to wear for that day to one of thefe priefts, and then went into the river. They af- terward exchange their wet clothes for the dry ones, publicly on Ihore, but with fuch a dexterity, that the moft curious obferver could fee nothing inconfiftent with decency. The Bramin, afterward, dipped his thumb into fome red colour, and imprefi'ed it on the forehead of the women, who reciprocally marked the prieft again, though flightly, left his face fhould be daubed all over, by the great number of markers. Laftly, the perfon that is figried, and in this manner confe- crated for the day, keeps the colour-box in one hand, fays a ftiort prayer, gives the Bramin one or two handfuls of rice, and then, with her wet clothes. in the other hand, returns home.” — Befides the Ma- hometans and Gentoos, there are Jews and Chriftians of various denominations, at Surat. Perfons of diftindficn, both here and through the relt of India, fpeak and write the Perfian language, which has been received at the courts, and the knowledge of which is very tifeful for bufinefs. In trade, however, a corrupt Portugucfe is ufed j and this is in India, Q B 2 what S U R SUE what the Lingua Franca is in the Levant, and on the. W. by the river Corentyn, It i The furrounding country is fertile, ex- is about 150 miles in length, and 60 in 1 cept towards the fea, which is fundy and breadth, and abounds in fruits, fifn, .1 barren. Mere is a fine garden, the pro- game, and Angular animals of different .9 perty of the Dutch Eaft India Company, kinds. The foil is, in general, extremely dj the afpe& of which is rich and charming, fertile, particularly in thofe parts which f Before the Englifh Eaft India Company are cultivated by European induftry, pro- -i obtained polfeffion of Bombay, the pre- ducing fugar, cotton, tobacco, indigo, 1 fidency of their affairs on the coaft of Ma- cocoa, gums, wood for dying, fcc. The j labar w’as held at Surat ; and they had a woods arc full of monkics, and there are 3 factory eftablifhed there. Even after the likewise tigers, with parrots, fcorpions, ] prefidency was transferred to Bombay, the ferpents of an amazing fize, and a great factory was continued. The Great Mo- variety of infedts. The rivers abound j gul had then an officer here, who was with alligators, and in Surinam is- I ftyled his admiral, and who received a re- found that wonderful fifh, the torpedo, 'j venue called the tanka, of the annual va- Befides this, which gives name to the co- 1 luc of three lacks of rupees, ariftng from lonv, the other principal rivers are, the Co- | the rents of adjacent lands, and the taxes rentyn, the Copename, the Seramica, and , levied at Surat. The tyranny of this of- theMarawina; of thefe, the Surinam on- * ficer towards the merchants, induced the ly is navigable; the reft, though very j Englifh Eaft India Company, in 1759, to icng and broad, are fo fballow, audio J fit out an armament, which difpoflefled extremely crouded with rocks and fmall the admiral of the caftle ; and, foon after, ifiands, that they are of little confe- | the pofteffion of this caftle was confirmed quence to Europeans^ nor are their banks to them by the court of Delhi. They ob- inhabited, except by the Indians, or na- \ tained, moreover, the appointment to the tives of the country. Into all thefe rivers j poft of admiral, and were conftituted re- are difeharged a number of very large | ceivers of the tanka, fo that the Englifh creeks, or rivulets, the banks of which | are, at prefent, the a£lual fovereigns of are inhabited by Europeans, and culti- ! Surat, and engrofs nearly the whole trade vated with various plantations, which i of the city. They keep the nabob of exhibit the 1110 ft delightful profpects 1 Surat in a ftate of abfolute dependence, imaginable to thofe who travel by water, | allowing him only an income on which the univcrfal mode of journeying in this be may live fuitably to his dignity. The country, as the foil is, in general, ill Mahrattas, however, enjoy a third part adapted for the conftruclioii of roads, and - of the amount of the cuftoms ; and one in fprae places the woods are abfolutelyim- i of their officers conftantly attends here to penetrable. The whites, or Europeans, in receive this tribute. The Indians are, in Sur uarri, who refide principally in Para- f part, content with their new mafters, and maribo, the chief town, are computed at the merchants are no longer in danger about 5000, including the garrifon and J from the avaricious extortions of the na- the negroes, at about 75,000. In 1674, . bobs, yet they complain of the ft; 1 . fifh fpi- this fettlement, which had been partly rit of their new mafters. It is foliated in planted by the Englifh, was ceded to the | a large plain, on the S. bank of the Dutch by king Charles ii. in exchange Tcpty, about twenty miles from its for the province of New \ ork. Lat. inouth, on the coniines of G’uzerat, and 4- 45. to 6. N. Ion. 53. 40. to 56. 25. . ' 177 N. of Bombay. Lat. 2 1. 10. N. VV eft. . . 1 Ion. 72. 48 . E. Surinam, a river of S. America, Surbiton, Surry, near Kingfton, in the which riles in' the government of Terra ’• road to Epfom. Surjlett , Eifex, at the Birina, and after a winding courfe of : month, of the Coin, NYVE of Gunrleel. about 150 miles, from S. to N. falls into Surjieeii Lmcclnfhire, on Bpfton Dike, the Atlantic Ocean, in lat. 6. 25. N. and near the Waffi. Ion. 55. 40. W. i his river is navigable Siirgoiewi'* in Armagh, Lifter. * for large vcfiels more than 90 miles up Surgut, a town of Tohclik, in Si- the country. . ’•> beria, 284 miles NNE. of Tobolik. Suringia, or Suisju, a fea-port of Sitridlingloti , Lincoln fhirc, SW. of . Niphon, in Japan, capital of a province Market- Baffin. of the iaipe name, with a caftle, where Surinam, a country of S. America, the emperors formerly relided. It is 170 in Guiana, bounded on the N. by the At- miles SSE. of Mcaco. lantic Ocean, on the E. by the river Mu- Surlbi /, Notinghamfhire, N. of Blythe, rawina, on the S. by a couutry of Indians, Surtiug/iam, Su Marj/s and St* Savi- our s 9 ‘ Wi s u s s u s fairs, SE. of Norwich. Surrendon , Kent, NVV. of Afhford. Surry, a county of England, hound- ed on the N. by Middlefex and a point of Buckinghatufhlre, on the E. by Kent, on the"S. by Suftex, and on the W. by Hampfhirc and. Berks. Its great eft length is about 39 miles, and its breadth 26. It is divided into 13 hundreds, which con- tain 11 market tow.' s (including South- wark) 140 parifhes, 659' villages and ham- lets, and about 35.000 hollies. It is a healthy, plcafant cot. tv, and the value of eftates in it has ad . a:, ed, of late years, hevond any other part of England- The foil is very different in the extreme parts from that in the middle, w hence it has been compared to a crane cloth with a fine border: for the edge o t' e county on all fide- has a rich lbd, extreme VlVuin- ful in corn and ^grafs- particularly in Holm c:\lak-, and on the N. and W. parts towed toe Tiv-mes ; but it is Tar other- wife in the heart of the county, where are wide trails of fandy ground and barren heath, and in feme places are k*. g ridges of hills, with warrens of rabbi: •. and parks for deer. However, we meet here •; T therewith fome plcafant fpots intcrlper fed in the middle of Su re, and it is not to be doubted that a great deal of the wake ground might, by proper management, be greatly improved. This county pro- duces corn, box wood, walnuts, hops, and fuller’s earth j. and near parking grows a wild black cherry, of which a very peafant wine is made, little inferior to French claret. “The manufactures- in' flare!), to- bacco, gunpowder, paper, vinegar, ca- lico printing, wax bleaching, Sec. are confiderabie. The principal rivers bo- lide the Thames ( which- is the boundary of this county on the N.) are the Mole, Wey, W audio, and Loddcn. The Lent aftizes are held at ’.vingfton, a d the Run- nier aftizes at Auuford and Croydon alter nately. Surry, a county of Virginia, and a town of New Hampih re. Sursf.e, a town of Lucerne, in Swif- ferland, feated on tht Lake of Seippach, 13 miles NW. of Lucerne. Sus, a river of Africa, which rifes from Mount Atlas, in Morocco, and runs into the Atlantic, near Santa Cruz. It gives name to the province, wnich it bounds on the South. Sus, Sous, or Suez, a diftriFT of Mo- rocco, bounded on the W. by the ocean, on theN. by Mount Atlas, on the E. by Darah, and on the S. by Nun. It is a fiat country, molt of which produces corn, fugar- canes, dates, indigo, alum, calk- mine, and red copper; and alfo abounds with cattle' and camels, hi the moun- tainous part the inhabitants are entirely free, and are governed by tbe'r own fcheiks. The principal towns are T’aru- dant, Aguadir, Toma, Tcceut, and Mefla. Susa, anciently Segusium, an an- cient and ftreng town of Piedmont, Ca- pital of the marquifate of Sufa. Here is a rich convent, 'called the Abbey of St. Tuft, and a triumphal arch’. erected to the honour of A ug-n.fi us C after. It has been called the key of Italy, hecaufe it is thfe principal paffage'out of France into Italy, ft is at protein imail and poor, and is feated on the river Dora Hi para, in a valley to which it gives name, 25 miles V NVV. of Turin. Susa, Suster, or Schouster, a town of Chufiftan, in Peril a, with forne mcmufadlnres of ft i k ft; ids and rich cloth. A is 150 miies W. of Ifpahan, ami Is fup- po .'d by fome to he the ancient Suia, where the kings of Petfia bad a magnifi- cent palace for their winter rifidencc; alto a town of Chorafan, in Perfia, 60 miles NNvvV of Herat. Susa. See Souse. Susdal, a town ofVolodomir, in Ruf- fta, capital, of a duchy cf the fame name. It is built of wood, as are molt towns in tin fe parts, and is 90 miles ME. of Moffo w. Sluouehannah, a river of N. Ame- rica, which rifes in two branches, the eafiornmoft in the Mohawks country. New Fork; and the wefternmoft: in the N. part of Penufyivania. I'hefe branches unite at Sunbury ; after which it runs in a S'!, d recti on, pattes by liarrifburg, erodes the Blue Mountains, enters Mary- land, and being joined by feveral other rivers, forms the Chain peak. Sussex, a county of England, bound- ed cn the N. by Surry, on the NE. and E. 1 ; v Kent, on the S. by- the Englifli Channel, and on the W. by Hainplhire, It is about 75 miles in length, and 20 in its mean breadth. , It is divided into 6 rapes, and thefe are fubdivided iutp 61 hundreds, whfeh contain I city, 20 mar- ket-tewr.-, 312 pardftes, and 1060 vil- lages. I he. air cf this county is* very va- rious: along the fea-lhore it is thought agu 'ilk ; but it has a much greater eftedt on grangers than on the natives, who are generally very healthful. In the Weald, which is a rich deep foil, it is apt to bq foggy, yet not unwholefome ; but upon the Downs the air is extremely fwcet and heal ffty. The’ foil is likcwife various} that of the Downs, and thenc^ to the fea, § B $ S U T is very fertile, both in corn and grafs, the jattcr feeding large flocks of fheep, whole wool is remarkably fine. The middle of the county abounds with meadows and rich arable ground, and the N. 'fide is ■{haded with cxteniive woods, that ufed to fupply fuel for the iron-works when they were in a flourifhing ftate. This plenti- ful county, therefore, fupplies numerous commodities, the chief of which are corn, malt, cattle, wool, wood, iron, chalk, giafs, fifh, and fowl. It is particularly famous for its wheaters, a fmall bird, of the fize of a lark, not much inferior to an crtolane, which is taken on the SE. Downs in the following manner : a turf is cut up, abdut a foot long, and half a foot broad ; in the cavity is placed a fnare of horfe-hair, and the turf turned with the grafs downward to cover the greatefl part of the hole, Thefe birds are naturally fo timorous, that the fhadow of a cloud, or any thing that moves on the ground, makes them fly into thefe little pits for fhcltcr, where they are taken. With re- fpect to manufactures, Sufiex is not dif- tinguifhed for any but that of gunpowder at Battel, and of needles and coarfe cloths -at Chicliefler. The principal livers are the Arnn, Adur, Qufe, Rother, Rye, and Cockmere, Chichefrer is the capital. Sussex, a town of New Jerfey, and a county of Virginia, Susted , Norf. SW. of Cromer. SusTEREN, a town of JuTiers. Suston , E. of Hereford. Sutcomb , De- vonf. Sutham, Berks, between Theal and Pangbourn. Suthbury HilU Wilts, be- tween Everley Warren and Liiggerfhall. It. is the higheft in the county, and has the traces of a vafl fortification, fuppofed to have been Danifh. Sutherlands hi re, a county of Scotland, bounded on the N. and W. by the North Sea, on the E. by Caitlmefs- ihire and the German Ocean, and on the S. and SW. by the Frith of Dornoch and Rofslhire. Its greatefl extent from E. to W. is about 46 miles, and from N. to S. fo mo what more. It is ufually divided in- to Sthrathnavern and Sutherland Proper, the former comprehending themorthern, the latter the fouthern part. Some parts of this county, {till called forefts, were an- ciently covered with wood, but are now tracklefs deferts, deflitute of trees; or bleak mountains, abounding with wild roes. In thefe parts there arc few inha- bitants, and no villages ; but to the SE. along the Frith of Dornoch, the country is populous and well cultivated. Dor- noch is the county town.’ S U T Sutherland Point, the S. point of entrance into Botany Bay, fo called from Forby Sutherland, one of captain Cook’s feamen, who was buried there, in 1 770 . Sutri, a town in the Patrhnonioi feated on the river Puzzulo, 22 miles NW. of Rome. Sutter by. Line. SW. of Alford. Sut- ter leigh, Devon!. near Chumleigh. Sut- ton, Bedford!. nearPotton. Sutton, near Buckingham. Sutton, Camb. SW. of Ely. Sutton, Chelhire, near Frodlham. Sutton , Chef, oir the Bollin, near Mac- clesfield. Sutton, Cndbire, near Trafforn- bridge. Sutton, Chelhire, near Elton, has a mill on the Wheelock. Sutton, Dor- fetf. N. of Weymouth. Sutton, Efiex, in Hornchurch Manor. Sutton, Efiex, near Stapleford Towney. Sutton, Hantsi SE. of Burton Stacey. Sutton, Hampf. SE. of Alresford. Sutton, II amp (hire, SE. of Burton Stacy. Sutton, Hampf.' S. of Odiham. . Sutton , Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Sutton, Kent, 5 miles NE. of Dover. Sutton, Kent, by the Darent, 2 miles SE. of Dartford. Sut- ton, Lane, in Prefcot panfli. Sutton t Leicef. near the Scare, SW. of Croiby. Sutton, Line, by the fea, SW. of Salt, fleetby. Sutton, Lincolnf. SE. of Hoi- bech. Sutton,- Lincolnf. near Becking- ham. Sutton, Norf. near Hickling. Sut- ton, Northamnt. by the Nen, W. of Peter- borough. Sutton, or Sutton- in- Ashjidd, Nottingham!, near Mansfield. Sutton, a town of Noitinghamftiire, on the Trent, near Griefthorp, with a market on Monday. Sutton, a town of Maflachufetts, 33 miles SW. of Boflon. Sutton, Nottingham!. near Grandby. Sutton, Shropfhire, E. of Brofely. Sutton , Shropfhire, near Bromwich Park. Sutton , S. of Shrewlbury. Sutton, Stafford!, be- tween Forton and Norbury. Sutton, Staf- fordf. in Aldridge parifln Sutton, Suffolk, on the Stour, SE. of Eafi Bergholt. Sut- ton, Suffolk, SE. of Woodbridge. Sutton , Surry, near Car (halt on, in the road from London to Epfom. Sutton , Suffer, near Scaford. Sutton , Wilts, NE. of Chip- penham. Sutton, Yorkf. on the Dar- went, oppofite to New Malton. Sutton , Yorkf. 4 miles NE. of Hull. Sutton , Yorkf. N. Riding, in Galtres Foreff. Sut- ton, Yorkf. between Boroughbridge ;\nd Bedal. Sutton Barrie , Kent, in Borden parifh. Suit on- Basset, Ncrthampt. near Harhorough. Sutton- Bingham, Somer- fetf, 2 miles SW. of Yeovil. Sutton - Bishop's, Somcrfetf. WE of Stowey. Sutton- Bon'nington, Nottingham!. NW. s u z of Normanton. Sutton- Castle, Kent, In the pariili of Sutton- Valence. Sutton Chart, Kent. Sutton- Cheney , Leicef. S. of Bofworth. Sutton-Colfield, a fmall town of Warwickshire, fituafed among pleal'ant woods, in a barren foil but excellent air, near a chafe or foreft, as it was formerly called, 7 miles NNE. of Warwick, and 11] NW. of London. Mark, on Monday. Sutton,- Court, Middlef. between' Chif- wick and Strand Green. Sutton-Court , Somerfetf. between Stowey and Stanton Drew, Sutton-Courtney, Berklhire, on the Thames, near Abingdon. Sutton, East , Kent, 4 miles SW. of Leneham. Sutton , -Guilden, Ghefhire, NW. of Tarven. Sut- ton- Hall, Derbyfliire, near Bolfover Caftle. Sutton- 11 ungrove, Yorkf. SW. of Thirfk. Sutton, Lon™, Somerfetf. between So- merton and Muchney. Sutton, Haddock or Magna, Shropfhire, SW. of Brown- Clee-HilJ. Sultan, Magiia and Parva , Chefhire, W. of Stanuey. Sutton, Mag- Ha, Eflex, adjoining Koch ford. Sutton, Magna and Parva, Wilts, near War- m in tier. The clothiers have fpinning boufes here. Sutton- Mallet, Somerfetf. W. of Morlinch. Sutton MandeviUe, or Mansfield, Wilts, on the Madder, E. of Wardour Caftle. Sutton- Park, Worcef- terf. in Tcubury parilb. Sutton- Parva, Warwickshire, near Sutton-Colfield. Sutton P (ace, Surry, in Woking parifh, a noble manor-houfe, built of brick, with a ftately gate-houfe and high tower. The window mouldings within the houfe, and coins of the walls, are of baked, white clay, and appear as perfect as when it was firft erected in the reign of Henry „V11I. Sutton, St.. Edmond' s, St. James's, $1. Leonard' s, and St. Mary's, Lincolnf. all in that part called Holland. Sulton-Stur- my,W orcef. near Sutton Park. Sutton- fa- ience, Kent, 4 miles and a half SE. of Maid* (lone. Sutton- under- Braylis, Gloucef. 7 miles E. of Campden, is completely in- fulated in Wurwickf. It lies in a fine, rich country, on the Stour, and is many miles diltant from any part of the county, of which it is a member. Sutton under Whist on Cliff , Yorkf. NE. of Thirfk. Sutton- upon-Lound , Notting’namf. N W . of Retford. Sutlon-upon-the- Hill, Der- byfhire, SE. of Baylfton. Sutton- U al- dron , Dorfetf. NE. of Sturminfter. Sui- ton-Walleys, Herefordf. on the Lug, be- tween Hampton Court and Hereford, where was formerly a palace of king Ofta. Suza. See Susa. Suzanne, St. a town in the dept, of the Mayenne, y/uh a confiderabic paper s w A manufactory. It is 17 miles E. of Laval. Swaby, Lincolnf. W, of Alford. Suva- cliff, Oxfordf. W. of Banbury. Swadlinbar, in Cavan, Lifter, 1\ miles from Dublin. About half a mile from it is a cele!) rated fpg.. Swadlingrote, Derbyf. SE, of Burton- upon-Trent; has coal-pits. * Swaffham, a large, genteel, well- built town of Norfolk, one of the beft in the county, containing a very fplendid church, a Quakers’ meeting- houfe, and about 300 good houfes. It is full of inns and (hopkeepers, and is feated on a hill, 15 miles SE. of Lynn, .and 94 NNE. of London. Market on Saturday. Swafjmam Bulbeck, Prior St. Cyric. and Prior St. Margaret, Cambridgf. a I W. of Newmarket. Swafield , Lincoln!. SE. of Grantham. Suvafield , Norfoll » between Trunch and North Walfham. Swaily, Gloucef. in Forthampton parifb. Swainby, Yorkf. between Bedall and Thirlk. Swainsthorp, four miles SW. of Norwich. Swainston , ifle of Wight, near Newport. It is pieafantly fituated, and commands an extenftve view of the Channel, and of the neighbouring woods, walks, pleafure grounds, &c. Swale, a river of Yorkl. which rifes on the confines of Weftmorland, and running SE, pafles by Richmond and Thirfk, and falls into the Ure about 4 miles below Boroughbridge, Swale, E. and IV. Kent, two branches of the Medway, that run into the Thames, the former below Shtilnefs, the latter, or main ftream, at Sheernefs. The oyfter fifhery chiefly lies upon the coafts of the former, from Coleman folc to the Snout Wears, and fo to the Ride. Swale-Cliff , Kent, by the fca, 5 miles N. of Canter- bury. Swale ness, Kent, W. of W. Swale, oppofite to Queenborough. Swcdey, on the Darwent, SW. of Derby. Swallancl, Dorfetf. near Encomb, in Purbfeck Ifle. Swallow, Lincolnf. NE. of Thongcaftcr. Swallow-Cliff, Wiltfhire, E. ofVVardour- Caftle. Swallowfield, Berkf. near Oking- hara. Swallwell, Durh. W. of Gatefhead. Swally, ^ fea-port of Cambaya, in Kindooftan, 1 5 miles NNW. of Surat. Swampton, Hampfhire, between Whit- church and AndoveF. Swan acute, Corn- wall, between Jacobftow and Wliitftone. Swanborough, Suftcx, SW. of Lewes. Swanburn, Bucks, near Window and Aylefbury. Swanby, Yorkf. near Wharl- ton- Caftle. Swancot, Sliropf. NE. of Bridgenorth. Swan land, Yorkf. 7 miles SSW. of Hull- Swanington, Leicefterf. near Afhby-de-la-Zouch. Swanington Norfolk, S. of Caflon, S B \ Swan S W A Swan Island, in Down, Ulfter, fituatcd near Down Patrick, in Strangford Lake. Swanlow, Chefiiire, by Darnell Park. Swcmmore, Hampfhire, SE. of Blfnop’s Waltham. Swanhage, Dorfetfhire, near Pool. Swanscomb, Kent, 2 miles W. of Gravefend, near the remains of 3 ftnall camps and forts, fuppofed to be Danifh. Here, it is faid, the Kentifhmen, with boughs in their hands, like a moving wood, furprifed William the Conqueror, and throwing down their boughs, threat- ened battle, if they had not their ancient cuftoms and franchifes granted to them, to which he immediately confented- But the fa£l is doubted, as it is firft mentioned by Thomas Spot, a monk, who lived two centuries after William’s arrival. It is certain, however, that many peculiar cuf- toms are to be found in Kent ; one of which is that of gavelkind, or the equal diftribution of landed property among all the fons of a family. * Swansey, or Abertaw, a large, clean, well-built, and populous town of Glamorganfhire, containing an old caftle, 2 churches, and about 400 houfes, with broad, paved ftreets. It exports great (Quantities of coals to Ireland and the fouthern coafl of England ; it has alfo a great correfpondence with Briftol and Worcefter for grocery, and other fhop goods. Here are potteries, and confi- derable works for the fmelting of copper and lead ore. Many fhipshave been built here, and it is reforted to for fea bathing. It is fituatcd on a bay of the Briftol Chan- nel, to which it gives name, at lire mouth of the river Tawy, which here forms a good harbour, 24 miles WNW. of Cow- bridge, and 205 W. of London. Mar- kets on Wednefday and Saturday. Swansiern, Nottingham!, in Dunham Manor. Swanswidr, Somerfetf. N. of Bath. Swanthorp, Hants, between Odi- am and Farnham. S wanton, Norf. W. of Melton-Conftable. Swanton- Abbots, Norfolk, W . of Wu riled. Swanfon-Mor- lev , Norfolk, NE. of Eaft Dereham. Swanwich , Dorfetfhire, in Purbeck Ifle, 2 miles froiq Langton, and 5 bE. of Corfe Caftle. It contains above IG00 inhabi- tants, who carry on a pretty hr ilk trade in exporting frone ; immenfe quantities being annually dug, for various purpofes, in the quarries hereabouts. Veficls of 300 tons may ride in its bay. Front 1764 to 1771, 94,000 tons of Hone were exported from hence and Purbeck. The town confifts of one frreet, about a mile in length, with Hone buildings, built {mail and low. Swanwick, Derbyf. near s w E Alfreton. Swqnwick, Hants, near Titch- held. Swarby , Lincolnf. SW. of Slea- ford. Swardeston , SW. of Norwich. Swarf ord, Oxfordfhire, NE. of Chipping- Norton. Swarhton, Derbyf. in the road from Derby to Afhby-de-la Zouch, has a bridge over the Trent, fuppofed to be the longefi in Europe, except that of Efleck in Flungary, it having 39 arches. It ex- tends acrofs the meadows near a mile to Stanton, but is conftrucled with fuch very low battlements, that it mufi be confidered rather as a terror than an orna- ment. Swarland, Northumberland, in Felton Manor. Swarwotton , Hampfhire, N. of Alresford. Swaton, Lincolnf. NE. of Fokingham. Swalteragh, in Derry, UlHer. Swcfvesey , Cambridge! - . SE. of St. Ives. Sway, Hampfhire, NW. of Lemington. Swebston , Leiceflerf. 2 miles from Hog’s- Norton. Sweden, q large kingdom, in the N. part of Europe ; bounded on the N. by Norway and Lapland; on the E. by Ruf- fia ; on the S. by the Baltic and the Gulf of Finland ; and on the W. by Norway, the Sound, and the Categate. It is the largelt Hate in Europe, next to Ruflia, though geographers are not agreed re- fpedting its fuperficial contents. The whole kingdom is divided into five gene- ral parts; namely, Sweden Proper, Goth- land, Norland, Lapland, and Finland.; and each of thefe is fubdivided into feveral provinces. Sweden Proper contains Up- land, Suder mania, Nericia, Wefimania, and Daiecariia. Gothland contains Ofiro- gothia, or EaH Gothland, Smoland,WeH- rogothia, or Weft Gothland, the Ifles of Gothland and'CEland, Wermland, Bohus, Dalia, Scania, nr Schonen, Halland, and Blekingen. Norland includes Geftrike, or Geftrikeland, Helfingland, Medelpadia, Jemtland, Herjedalia, Angermania, and W. Bothnia. Swcdiih Lapland comprifcs Afela, Hiemtland, Umeo, Pitheo, Luleo, Torneo, and Kemi. Finland contains Fin- land Proper, Eaft Bothnia, Tavafteiand, Nyland, Savolax, and that part of Ky- mene and Carelia, which Sweden has pre- ferved. in the S. the longeft day is 18, hours 30 muuftes ; but toward the N. there is continual day in fuinmcr, and continual night in winter, for feveral weeks fucceftively. In the province in. which Stockholm is leafed, the ipring and autumn arc lcarcejy to be perceived ; for the winter continues nine months, and the funjmer during the remaining three. In winter the cold isexceffive, and in fummer the heat is aimoft infupportable, the air being S W I S W E being generally ferene all that time. Not- withftanding this, the Swedes live to a great age, as the pure and iharp air which they breathe, probably prefwrves them from epidemical difeafes. i bunder is feldom heard in this country ; it produces no venomous reptiles, and earthquakes never fpread terror and confirmation among its inhabitants. Thofe places that are fit for cultivation have fcarcc a foot of good earth, for below it is all gravel ; for which reafon they till the ground" with a fingle ox, and one perfon may readily ma- nage the plough. All their recks are quite covered with flowers in the trimmer time, and their gardens have plenty of fruits. The trees are early in blofloming, becaufe the foil is fat and fulphureous, which contributes greatly to the vegeta- tion of plants; but the apples, pears, cherries, apricots, melons, and grapes have not fo good a tafte as in the more fouthern countries. The pine and fir are the principal foreft-trees. Their do- meftic animals are horfes, cows, hogs, goats, and fheep. The wild beafts are bears, wolves, foxes, wild cats, and fquir- rels. There are alfo elks and rein-deer, does, fables, beavers, and pole-cats. Lin- naeus reckons 1400 fpecies of animals in Sweden, and about 1300 fpecies of plants, of which 200 are ufed in medicine. They have feveral forts of fowls ; and partridges, woodcocks, and falcons, in great plenty. They have rich filver, copper, and iron mines. They export boards, gunpowder, leather, iron, copper, tallow, tkins, flax, hemp, pitch, rofin, and mails; and import fait, brandy, wine, linen cloth, fluffs, tobacco, fugar, {pice, and paper. The inhabitants are of a robuft conftitution, and able to fuftain the hardeft labour ; and they have feveral public fchools and colleges, where arts and fciences are taught. Their houfes are ge- nerally of wood, with very little art in their conftrudlion. The roofs, in many places, are covered with turf, on which their goats often feed. There is fcarcely any country in the world where the wo- men do fo much work ; for they till the ground, thrafh the corn, and row the boats on the fea. Sweden was formerly an ele£!ive monarchy, and afterwards the moll limited one in Europe, till the year 1772, when the late king gained the moft eflential royal prerogatives, without, how- ever, being an abfolute monarch. This prince wasaflaflinated, March 16th, 1792, leaving his fon Guflavus, heir, and his brother, the Duke of Sudermania, regent pf the kingdom, The inhabitants are computed at 3,000,000, The effablifbed re- ligion is the Lutheran, and it is faid, they will not tolerate any other in the king- dom. They have one archbifhop, and 7 bifhops, befides 6 fuperintendants. The capital is Stockholm. Swelling, Suffolk, NW. ofSaxmund- ham. Swell, Nether and Over, Gloucef, W. of Stow-on- the- Would. Swernick. See Zvvornick. Swstenham , Cheflure, on the river Dane, near Somerford. Swift., a river in Leiceflerfhire and Warwickfhire, which runs into the Avon, above Rugby. Swilftyate , a river in Glouceflerlhire, which pans into the Avon below Tewkef- bury. S willy, a river of Donegal, in Differ, which empties itfelf into Lough Swilly. Swill-Ccurt, Somerfetf. SW. of Lang- port. Swillington, Yorkf. near Leeds. Swillond, Sufl’. E. of Needham. S win- bridge, Devonfhire, NW. of S. Moulton. A brook runs from hence into the Taw. Swinbrook, Oxfordfhire, E. of BurforL Swinburn-Gastle, and Sw inburn, Little , Northumberl. near Kirkheaton. The former is an elegant flone Aru6lure. Swincjmb , Oxfordfhire, E. of Walling- ford. Sw indale, Weftmorl. in the parffli of Shap. Swinderby, Lincolnf. N. of Beckingham, Swbideschehs, Northumb. near Alnwick. Swindon , Gloucefterf. a mile NW. of Cheltenham. Swindon , Stafiordf. NW. of King’s Swinford. It has blade-mills, where feythes, axes, reap- ing hooks, &c. after being prepared by the white fmiths, are ground to a fine edge. Swindon, a fmall town of Wiltfhire, confining of houfes well built with flone. It is feated on the top of a hill, neata rich vale, 10 miles NNW. of Marllro- roug’n, and 83 W. of London. Market on Monday. Swindon, Yorkf. on the Ribble, SE. of Settle. Swine, Yorkf. near Conflable- Rurtcn. Sw inefleet, a town in the W. Rid- ing of Y orkfhirc, feated on the Oufe, to the E. of Snaith. Market on Thurfday. Swinchop , Lincolnf. between Thong-' cafter and Louth. SwifierLon, Lincolnf. N. of Beckingham. S\v i N EM unde, a new town in the ifland of Ufedom, Lower Saxony, fituated at its northern extremity, at the mouth of the Pecna. It was built in 1775, on the ruins of a fortrefs, called Swine Sclianz. Lat. 54. 8. N. Ion. 13. 27. E. Swinerton, a tow r n of Staff'ordfhire, feated in tbe heakhieft part of the coun ty, being s W I s Y D feeing moft free from waters, mines, and woods, a little to the' W. of Stone. Mar- ket and fair di fufecl. SwinesJiead , U \ in t in gdon f. W . o f K i nv Kolton. Steineside, Cum berk in Cald- beck parifh. Sunns? ted, Lincolnf. NE. ,©f the Withams. Sidney, Shropf. S. of .Ofweftry. Swinj'en, Staifordfhire, S. of Lichfield. Stein ford, in Mayo, Connaught. Stdnjbrd, Kent, rear Hothfiekl. S din- ford, K Sty's, Stafford f. N. of Stourbridge. Upon Afh\vood Heath, in this pafifh, is a large intrench ment, fuppofed to have been Roman. In the neighbourhood are .coal-pits. Swi fjord, ’Old, Wcrceftcrf.’a jnile E. of Stourbridge. It is a large,' po-, pulous parifh. Stdngfield, Kent, 3 miles SE. of Elham. Stciuhow , Nor thumbed,. MV. of Sunderland. Swinn a, a little aland of the Orkneys, NE. of Mainland. See O&cades. Steinney, ( l Louccherf. in Nibley parifh. Stein-fjord, Leicefterf. near the Kilworths. *&eineshead, Line. SW. of Bolton . Steins- head, Staff, near Stan don. S wins ted. Line. Swinston, Me of Wight, in W. Medina. Swirithorp, NE. of Lincoln. Stein ton, Nortlmntberl. in Vefey barony. Swinton, Yorkf. in the parifh of Wath. Swinion, Yorkf. near MafUm. Swinion, Yorkf. W. Riding, on the Kemp Bank, which pailes through it to Mexborouglr. Swire, Dor- fetf. W. of Abbotfbury, and one mile from the fea. It contains about SO houfes. Swiss erl and, or Switzerland, a large and populous country of Europe, bounded on the E. by the Tirol and Au- frrian Suabia; on the W. by France; on the N. by the Black Forefl, and a part of Suabia; and on the S. by Savoy and Italy. Its greatefi extent, from E. to W. is tabput 180 ipilcs, and from N. to S. d40. Here arc many lakes and rivers, and fome very fertile plains, which plentifully afford tbeneccflaries of life, although the greatelf part of it may juftly be confidered as the moll elevated "land in Europe. Swiilerland is divided into 1 3 cantons, exclufively of their allies ; their names are, Lucern, Uri, Schwcitz, Underwaklen, Zug, Friburg, Soleure, which are Romanics. r I he Pro- teffant cantons are Zurich, Bern, Baflc, and Schaffhaufen. Glarus and Appenzel contain both profeiTions of religion. The mountains of Swiilerland are commonly called the Alps, over which there are four paflages to go into Italy from Swiilerland. The principal lakes are thofe of Conitance, Geneva, Lucern, Zurich, Neufchatel, and Bienne. The molt coniidcrable rivers are the Rhine, the Rhone, the Aar, the Reufs ? and the Inn. The principal riches of Swiilerland confift of excellent paftures, in which they breed and fatten their cat.- tie. As they leave out their cattle night and day on the mountains, a ftranger might he induced to think they would be devoured by the wild beaifs, and yet it is quite otherwife; for, when the beeves perceive a bear or a wolf, at a diftance, they form themfelves into a circle, and are ready to receive the enemy with their horns. As for the goats, and chaumois, they feed in flocks on the mountains, and in the woods, and they place centinelson all tides; and when any dangerous ani- mal draws near, aiignal is given, and they all get into a place of refuge, where the favage beafrs dare not come. The inhabitants are llrong, robuft men, and form excellent mercenary troops, for which reafon they are hired by feveral na- tions for the military fervice ; and even the pope has his Swifs guards. The wo- men are tolerably handfeme, have many good qualities, and are, in general, very mduftrious. The peafants retain their old manner of drefs, and are content to live upon roots, herbs, milk, butter, and cheefe ; and there are fome of the moun- taineers who never have any bread. I he manufactures of Swiilerland are confidera- ble in linen, iilk, cotton, and woollen, leather, hats, gloves, paper, pottery, clocks, watches, hardware, toys, See.', be- tides which they export butter, cheefe, cattle, {beep, hori'es, and ftfhie wine, con- veyed by_pack-horfes,as the roads are often impracticable for carriages. The imports are principally grain, hemp, flax, wine, fait, and fome manufactures. The in- habitants are estimated' at 2,000,000. See the Cantons under their refpcctive names, and alfo Glaciers and Schweitz. * Swords, a town of Dublin, in Lein? fter, 7 miles from the metropolis. Swythamiey, Staffordf. near the Dane, NE. of Rufhton Spencer. Steythland, N. of Leicefter. Sybbertojt, Northampt. near the fprings of the Welland, SW. of Hnrborough. Syde , GlouceftCrf, NE. of Patnfwick. Sydenham ; fee Si den ham. Sijdistrond, Norfolk, by the fea, SE. of Cromer. Sydling;, St. Nicholas, Doriet- fhire, 2 miles SW . of Cerne-Abba;. Sydney Bay, a bay on the S. fide of Norfolk Iiland, in the S. Pacific Ocean, formed by Point Hunter and Feint Rofs, which area mile and three quarters diltant from each other. On this bay is formed a fettlement of Englilh comidts. Sydney Cove, the town orfettlcment of coqvicts, begun to be eredted in Port S Y E Jackfon, on the coaft ofNew South Wales, in 1788. The ground about it was then covered with a thick foreft; bpt in 1790, feme good buildings had been ere£fed. The governor, lieutenant - governor, judge- advocate, and greateft part ot the civil and military officers were comfortably lodged. The governor’s houfe is built of ftone, and lias a very good appearance, being 70 feet in front. The lieutenant- governor’s houfe is of brick, as are alfo thofe belonging to the judge and the commiflary. The reft of the houfes are built with logs and plaftered, and all the roots are either covered by ffiingles, or thaftchcd. The hofpital is a good tem- porarv building. 1 he fokliers were in barracks, and the officers had comfortable huts, with gardens adjoining to them. The cove lies open to the NE. and is con- tinued in a SW. direction for near 1000 yards, gradually decreafing from the breadth "of 1400 feet, till it terminates i n a point, where it receives a fmall dream of frefh water. It is perfe&ly fecure from all winds, with anchorage extend- ing 2000 feet up the cove, and found- ings, in general, of four, five, fix, and {even fathoms, fo that fhips can lie clofe to the (bore, for a confidlnable way on both fides. Metals of various kinds abound in the neighbouring foil. Lat. 35. 60. S. Ion. 151. 28. E. Syene, a miferablc town of Egypt, fituated on the Eaft fide of the Nile, 375 miles S. of Cairo. Here are columns and pillars of granite, with other remains of the ancient town, on an eminence to the S. Among thele is a building, fup- pofed by fome, to be an obfervatory of the ancieot Egyptians. Syersham , Northamptonf. near Whit- tle wood- Foreft. Sy erst on, Nottinghamf. SE. of Southwell. Sylham , Berks, on the Rennet, SW, of Reading. Sylham , s z E Suffolk, by the Waveney, NE. of Eye. Sylum , or Silham , Kent, in Raynham pa- rilh. Symondsbury , Northumberl. Sy~ monward, Cornwall, NW. of Camelford. Synenthwate, Yorkf. E. of Wetherby. Syra, a mountainous ifland in the Grecian Archipelago, with a town of the fame name, 12 miles S. of Andros. Syr ac usa, an ancient and famous city of Sicily, in the Yal-di-Noto, with a fine large harbour. It was almolt ruined by an earthquake in 1693. It is very aa- vantageoully i'eated near the fea, 72 miles S. by W. of Medina. Lat. 37. 5. N. Ion. 1 5. 30. E. Syreford, Gloucefterf. in Whittington parilh. Syria, a province of Turkey in Afia, bounded on the N. by Diarbeck and Na- tolia ; on the E. by Diarbeck and the De- fer ts of Arabia ; which laft alfo bound it on the S. and on the W. by the Mediter- ranean. It abounds in oil, corn, fait, and different forts of fruits, as well as peas, beans, and all kinds of pulfe and garden fluff; it affords, alfo, the fugar- cane, indigo, filk, wine, the cotton and tobacco plant, with a multitude of other ufeful and agreeable productions. Syria is divided into five governments, or pa- chalics, Aleppo, Tripoli, Damafcus, Acre, and Paleffine. Syrk, a town in the dept, of the Mo- felle, feated on the river Mofelle, 14 miles SE. of Luxemburg. Sysonby, Leicefterf. near Melton-Mow- bray. Sywell, Northamptonf. NW. of Wellingborough. Syxford, Yorkf. W. Riding, on the Nyd, in Netherdale. Szack, a town of Minfk, in Lithuania. Szeben, a town of Hungary, fituated on the river Tareza, 30 miles N. of Caff chau. Szekel, a town of Hungary, 18 miles ESE. of Debreczyn. T A A TAB T AAFE, a rapid river of Glamorgan-; fhire, which enters the fea at Car- diff. Upon this river, near Carphilly, is a fione bridge, called Pont y Pryddal, of a fingle arch, 140 feet in the fpan, and 34 high, planned and executed by the un- taught genius of a mafon in this county. Taaif, a town of Hedjas, in Arabia, fituated upon a lofty mountain, in an agreeable country, abounding in cxcel- \ lent raifins, almonds, and other fruits, 60 miles SE. of Mecca. Taas, a city of Yemen, in Arabia, 4J miles ENE. of Mocha. Taata, a town of Egypt, about a mile from the river Nile, and 200 miles S. of Cairo. Tab aria, anciently Ti b f. R i a s, a town of Paleftine, fituated on the W. fide of a lake, called, in feripture, the lake of Ge- nefareth. T A C nefareth, or Tiberias, at the foot of a high and (harp mountain, 50 miles NNE. of Jerusalem. Tab ago, a mountainous ifland in the South Sea, fix leagues S. of Panama, about four miles iu length and three in breadth. Before it is a good road. Tabarca, an ifland on the coafl: of Barbary, at the mouth of the river Zaine, which feparates Algiers from Tunis. Near it is a coral fifliery. Lat 36. 53. N. Ion. 0. 18. E. Tabasco, a town of Mexico, capital of the province to which it gives name. It is feat oil on the Ifland of Tabafco, (which is about 36 miles long and 7 broad) in lat 17. ,40. N. Ion. 93. 45. YV. Alfo a river of Mexico, which runs into the Gulf of Mexico, in lat. 18. 15. N. and Ion. 57. 32. W. On its banks are fome of the largeft cabbage and cotton trees in the world. Tabasco, a province of Mexico, hav- ing Yucatan cn the E. C'hiapa on the S. Guaxaca on the W . and the Gulf of Mex- ico on the N. it is about 100 miles in length, but narrow, and is well hocked with fruit trees. 1 The air is extremely moift, and there are (bowers daily for nine months in the year, fo that the climate is not healthy, nor is the (oil remarkably fertile. Tablehurst , Sufiex, between E. Grinf- ted and Afhdown Foreft. Tabudgh, Up- per and Lower, Cheshire, 2 miles from Knottesford. Table Mountain, a mountain or promoptory of Africa, on the YV. coafl of* the fomhern extremity, on which the caf- tie and town of the Cape of Good Hope are iituated. The bay at the foot of it is called Table-Bay. TabOR, a town of Bechin, in Bohe- mia. Tab R i st an, a province of Perfia, forming a part of Mezandcran. ft lies on the fhore of the Cafpiah Sea, and is bounded by Aftrabad on the E. and Ghilan on the W. Tacames, or Atacames, a jurif- diction of Terra Firma, in S. America, iituated to the N. of Guaquil, and Nl . of the Andes. It contains 20 towns, 5 on the Tea coafl, the others inland. Its forelts are thick fet with trees of a furprifing bulk, and loftinafs, and of an infinite variety. Tachbioke, Bishop's and Mattery , SE. of Warwick. Tachbury , Hampihire, YV . of Southampton-Bay. Tackley , Oxford- ih rr, NE. of Woodflock. Tackley , Warwick!'. in Fokcfhill parifh. Tacol- ■niestvn, Norfolk, E. of, Attleborough. t a i * Tad caster, a town in the \vJ| Riding of Y orkfhire, noted for the great* plenty of limeflone dug up near it. It is C iituated on the river Wharfe, over which it has a large ftene bridge, 9 miles SSYY 7 . of York, and 188 N. by YV. of London. : Market on Thurfday. Taddingion , Derby f. in Bakewell pa- i rffh Taddingion, Glouceflerf. in Stan way j parifh. Tadilsthorp, Oxfordf. VV. of Chip- s ping Norton. Tadilthorp, Glouceflerf. J NE. of Stow- on-th,e- Would. TadingionM NE. of Hereford. Tadley, Hampihire, J SW . of Silchefter. Tadlow, Cambridgcf. | NW. of Hoy f Ion, , Tadmerton , Upper ’, and Lower , Oxfordf. SW. of Banbury. Tadmor. See Palmyra. Tadousac, a town of Lower Ca- nada, Iituated at the mouth of the river | Saguency on the left fide of the river St. ; | Lawrence, 100 miles NE. of Quebec, j Taduvrt. , Surry, S. of Banftead. Tafala, or Tafalla, a town of jjj Spain, in Navarre, with a univerfity, IS « miles S. of Pam pel u no. Tafilet, a country pf Morocco, ex- J tending* along the E. fide of Mount Atlas, $ of which little account can be given, as | Europeans arc not fullered to pafs through 1 it. It is a mountainous, Tandy country, 1 but produces a little wheat and barley by the Tides of.the rivers. The inhabitants i m'anu failure fluffs and carpets, and live \ upon camels’ fiefh arid dates ; they alfp | breed horfes, to fell to foreigners ; and, have ofiriches and dromedaries, which laffe J will travel lOObniles in a day. The Arabs j live in tents, and the Beri Series, the an- ( cient inhabitants, dwell in Scattered, ha hi- l tations, with cultivated grounds adjoining. | Tafilet is the capital, heated on the river ; Tafilet, 140 miles ESE. of Morocco. Taghmon, in Wexford, Lei niter. Tagliacczza, a town of idbruzzo Ultra. Tagoast, a town. of Sus, in Morocco, 140 miles SW, of Morocco. Ta god a st, a town of Morocco, 60 miles NE. of Morocco. Tagumadert, a town of Morocco, . in the country of Darah. TajiuoroEva, one of the fmallcft of the Sandwich iihnds, lying off the SW. - part of Mowec, from which it is diflant three leagues, it is deftitute of wood, and the foil fecnis to befandy and barren.' Taief, a town of Iledjas, Arabia, 48 miles E. of Mecca. Taillebourg, a town in the dept, of Lowef Charcnte, 6 miles N. of Saintes. Tain, or Tean, a river in Stafford (hi re, which runs into the Dove near Uttoxe^ T A L jtcr. TaitUon, Glouccfterfhlre, 4 milc3 ISE. of Newent. Tajo, anciently called Tagus, a river | of Spain, which has its 1'onrcc in New Caftile, on the confines of Arvagon. It runs through Old Caftile and Ettramadura, palling by Toledo, Talavera, &c. ; when entering Portugal, itwnlhes Santerin, be- low which it forms the harbour of Lifbon, and 10 miles ftill lower it falls into the Atlantic Ocqip. This river was former- ly famous for' its -golden funds. _ y Tajoh, a town of China, in Chiangu, in which there are magnificent temples, | and two very lugh towers. _ Tain, the principal town in ItOisfhire, F feated on the Frith of Dornoch, 12 miles NNW.ef Cromarty. Taiouan,, a city and fea-port, capital of the ifiand of forma, on the coaft of China. It is fit ua ted on.tiie W. coaft, with a harbour flickered from every wind, but the entrance of which grows narrower every day, from the fand being driven hither by the fea, in lat. 20. N. and Ion. 120. 50. E. Taiping, a city in China, of the firft rank, in Qaiangfi, 1175 miles SSW. of Peking. Taiping, a city in China, of the firft rank, in Kiangnan. it is fituated on the Yangtfe river, 525 miles S. of Peking. '1 'aitchin, a town of China, in Set- ! chuen ; and a town of China, in the pro- 1 vince of Petcheli. Taitong, a city of China, in Changfi. I Takeley Eflex, near Stanfted. Talamone, a fea-port of Tufcany. Talavera, a town of New Caftile, ! famous for its earthen ware. It is feated on the river Tajo,. 33 miles W . of 1 oledo. Talaveruela, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura, feated on the river Gua- I diana, 9 miles from Badajox. Talbot, a town and county of Mary- land. Talgarth, Brecknockfhire, 10 miles E. of Brecknock. Talkin , Cumberl. in Hay- ton pirifh. Talk -07i- the-H ill, Staffordf. N. of Newcaftle- under- Line. * Tallagh» a town of Waterford, M unfter, 104 miles from Dublin. 1 Tallagh , in Dublin, Leinfter, 0 miles SW. of the metropolis. Near it is Tal- lagh-Kill, a mountain which affords a beautiful profpecV of the furrounding country, the city, harbour, and hay of Dublin, with the peninfula of Kowth, and the Irifh Channel. Talland, Cornwall, a mile from Weft Looe. Talland Point, Cornwall, be- tween Fowev and the Looes. Q T A 5,1 Tall arp, a town in the dept, of the Upper Alps, fituated on the river Du- rance, 47 miles S. of Grenoble. Tallaton , Devonf. near St. Mary’s- Ottery. Tallent h%, Cumberl. in the pa- rifh of Bridekirk, near Coekermouth. Talle’ve’nde, a town in the dept, of the Calvados, with a manufacture of earthenware. It contains near 3000 in- habitants, and is 2 miles SW. of Vi re. Tallow, a town of Waterford, in M under, fituated near the river Bride, 'which is navigable hither for boats, 32 miles WSW . oi Waterford. Tall water, a river of Ireland, which runs, with the Cullen, into Black- Wfiter, near Charlemont. Talmont, a fea-poit in the dept, of Lower Charentc, fituated on the Gironde, with a harbour ; and a town in the dept, of Vendee, 8 miles W. of Lucon. Talsarne, Cardiganf. Talvern, Corn- wall, E. of Falmouth-Haven. Talworth, Surry, S. of Kingfton. Talybont, Carnar- , vonfhire. TamalamECA, a town of St. Martha, Terra Firma, fituated on the river Mag- delane, in lat. 8. 52. N. and Ion. 70. 12. Weft. Taman. See Phanagoria. Tamar, by Ptolemy called Tamara, a river of England, which rifes in the NW. part of Devonihire, on the borders of Cornwall, runs from N. to S. and after dividing Cornwall from Devonihire, (ex- cept a tin all part of the. latter county, which is on the W. fide of the river) forms the noble harbour of Hamoaze. Tamara Islands, cn the coaft of Guinea, near Sierra Leone, where there arc refrefh merits for Ihips, as well as gold and. elephants’ teeth. Tamara, a fea-port on the NW. coaft of the Ifiand of Socotora, and the refi- dcnce of the king. Tamar ac a, a difiriT of Femambuco, in Brafil, between 3b and 40 leagues in extent, having Parayba on the N. her- nambuco on the S. the Atlantic on the E. and unfubdued Indians on the W. It is pleafant and fertile, producing large quantities of Brafil wood, cotton, cocoa, fugar, melons, citrons, bolides timber for fuel* and other purpofes. T here is . an ifiand on the coaft, of the fame name, near the mouth of the river Tamarac, about 9 miles long, and 3 broad, with a commo- dious harbour on the S. fide. Tam aril, a town of Catalonia, 2 miles NE. of 'Tarragona. , Tamarite, a town of Arragon, 1G miles ESE, of Balbaftro. Tame T A N Tame, a town in Oxfordlhire, feated on a river of the fame name. Here is a famous free-fchool, and a fmall hofpital. It is 12 miles E. of Oxford, and 45 W. by N. of London. Market on Tuefday. Tame, a river whifch rifes near W inf- low, in Buckinghamlhire, and runs into the Thames at Dorchefter, in Oxfordfhire. Tame , a river in Staffordf. which rifes near Dudley, and runs into the Trent, not far from Eddinghall, about 7 miles above Burton. Tamerton , Cornwall, on the Tamar, SE. of Stratton, a place of great antiquity. Tamerton Foliot , Devonf. E. of Tamar, and N. of Plymouth. Tarn- bourn, Staffordshire, by the Trent, NW. of Tamworth. Tamil, Cornwall, E. of Camelford. Tamlaghchurch , in Derry, Ulfter. Taming, a town of China, in the pro- vince of Petcheli. Tammesbruck, a town ofThurin- gia, built by king Pepin, father of Char- lemagne. It is fituated near the river Unftrutt, one mile from Lingen Salza. Tamsquiie, Cornwall, SE. of Padftow. Tamworth, an ancient, large, well- built town of Staffordlhire, with one part, viz. the E. in Warwicklhire, formerly the royal feat of the Mercian kings. It has a confiderable trade in narrow cloths, and other manufactures, and is noted for good ale. It is feated at the confluence of the Tame and Anker, near the grand navi- gable canal, 8 miles SE. of Lichfield, and 114 NW. of London. Market on Sa- turday. Tanaro, a river of Italy, which rifes near Tenda, pailes by Coni, Aiti, Alex- andria, &c. and falls' into the Po, about 5 miles SSE. of Valenza. Tanat , a river of Montgomeryfhire and Denbighfhire, which forms part of the northern boundary between the two counties, and runs into the Severn at the NE. point of Montgomeryfhire. Tanbof, or Tambovskoe, a go- vernment of Ruflia, S. of the government of Vladimir. Its capital, of the fame name, is feated on the river Zna, 228 miles SE. of Mofcow. Tancos, a town of Portugal, in Ef- tramadura, feated on the river lajo, at its confluence with the Zezare, 21 miles NE. of Santarem. Tancrcy hie , Kent, by Fordwich. Tanda, or Tan rah, a town of Hin- dooftnn, in Bengal, of which foubah it was the capital in the laff century. There is little remaining of this place but the rampart ; and the period when it was de- ferted is not certainly known. It is feated T A N on the E. fide of the river Ganges, 120 miles NW. of Dacca. Tanday. See' Samar. * Tanderagee, a town of Armagh, in Ulffer, in which the linen manufacture is extenfively carried on. It is fituated within a mile of the Newry canal, Cl miles from, Dublin. Tanfield, Durham, NW. of Lumley- Caffle. Tanfield , E. and IV. Yorkfnire, E. of Mafliam. Tengermunde, a town in the Old Marche, of Brandenburg, with a confidera- ble trade in brewing. It is feated on the river Elbe, where veflels pay a toll, near Its confluence with the Tanger, 24 miles N W. of Brandenburg. Tangier, a fea-port of Fez, in Africa* , at the W. end of the Straits of Gibraltar. It was taken from the Moors by the Por- tuguefein 1471, and given as a dower to the princefs Catherine of Portugal, who married Charles II. of England ; but that impolitic monarch did not think it worth the expence of keeping, and therefore, in 1684, caufed the works to be blown up, and withdrew the garrifon. At pre- j font, there are fome batteries facing the bay, in tolerable condition, but it is in- capable of defence againft a powerful at- ■ tack. The Bay of Tangier is not very fafe, when the wind is in the W. having been encumbered by the ruins of the mole and fortifications : the belt anchorage for larger veflels is at the eaitern point* . whence they may eafily fet out, which- ever way the wind blows and the bay ( is only dangerous during the winter. > The Englifh obtain from hence, fowls, l vegetables, and other fupplies, for the i garrifon at Gibraltar. It is 108 miles NNW. of Fez, and 38 WSW. of Gib- i raltar. Tangley, Hants, near Andover. Tang- ley, Oxfordf. NW. of Burford. Tangley , Surry, in Ognerfh parifh. Tangmeer * Sufiex, E. of Chichefler. Tanjore, a country on the coaff of Coromandel, included in the Carnatic* about 95 miles in length and 50 in breadth. It is watered by the rivef Cau- very, and is governed by a rajah, who pays, however, an annual fublidy of 160,000k to the Englifh Eaft- India Com* pany. Tanjore, a city of Hindooftan, capi- tal of tine province of the fame name. The palace, fituated at the end of the town, is a grand iquare, defended by a wall, and a wet ditch abounding in cro- codiles. It is furrounded by a double wall and large ditch, and is feated be- tween T-A P tween two branches of the river Cauvery, 1 jo miles S. by W. of Madras. Lat 10. 46. N. Ion. 79. 12. E. TarderJey, Yorkf. between Barnefley and Sheffield, 2 miles E. of \\ ortley. Tankia, o-i Tink.ia-ling, a town of Thibet, fituated at the toot of Mount Langur, which is fa id to exhale fiuFocating fumes, £32 miles T \VSW. of Eafia. TaNkrow, an Englifh factory of the kingdom of Knen, in Africa, fituated on the river Gambia, 30 miles E. of James Fort. The chief trade is in wax. The Portuguefe have a church here. Tanna, a confiderable ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, and one of the New He- brides, the inhabitants of which are brave and hofpi table. There is a volcano in the ifland, with fome hot fprin'gs, and , the foil is very fertile, particularly in fugar- canes and yams. The inhabitants would not fuffer Captain Cook, nor his compa- nions, to penetrate far into the ifland. Lat. 19. 30. S. Ion. 169. 46. E. Tannenburg, a town of Oberland, in Pruffia, and a town of Erzgcburg, in Upper Saxony. Tannis , Herts, NW. of Buntingford* Tanore, a fea-port of Calicut, on the coafi: of Malabar. Lat. 10. 55. N. Tanot, and Tanot Greater , rivers iij Montgomeryf. The former runs into the Vurney, or Vurnwcy, below Aber- thanet, and the latter runs into the greater Tanot, below Llanguedwyn. Tanridge , Surry, SVV. of Oxted, gives name to its hundred. From hence to Croydon is a hilly, barren tradl, full of warrens, but the air is reckoned fweet and wholefome. Tansley, Derbyf. N. ofWirkfworth. Tam- over , Northamptonf. NE. of Oundle. Tanworth,' W arwickf. near Umberflade. Taoo, the molt fouthern of the Friend- ly Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Jt is about 8 leagues in circuit, and of a height Fufficient to befeen at 12 leagues difiance, with good anchorage on the NW. fide. The SE. fide rifes, with great inequali- ties, immediately from the feaj fo that the plains and meadows, of which there are fome of great extent, lie chiefly on the NW. fide and being adorned with tufts of trees, intermixed with plantations, and interfered by paths leading to every part of the ifle, they form a beautiful land- scape. Taormina, anciently Taurus, a fea- port of Sicily, containing near 2000 in- habitants. it is feated on a rocky bill, on the E. coafi, 27 miles SSW. of Medina. Tapian, a town of Samland, in Prul- fia ,16 miles E, of Koningfberg. T A R Ttipleigh , Devon (hire, near BidcTiforcT, Tap lore, Bucks, 1 mile from Maidenhead, feated On a hill overlooking the Thames and diflinguifhed by its inajeilic wood- lands, pidlurefoue appearance, and hand* fome villas. Tafton, Derbyf. near Chef-* ter ft el <3. Tappahanock, a town of Virginia, 43 miles NE. of Richmond. Tapp an-, a town of New York. Taptee, a river of Flindooftan, which rifes at Mai toy, 84 miles NNW. of Nag- pour, and pafhng through the Camleifh country, falls' into the Gulf of Cambay, about 12 miles below Surat-. Tar, or Pamlico, a river of N. Ca- rolina, which, flowing by Tarborongh at uf Wafhington, enters Pamlico-Sound, 40 miles SE. of the latter town, in }at„ 35i- • 25. N. and Ion. 76. 42. W. Tara , in Down, Ulfler. Tar ah, or Tar ah- Hill, in Meath, Leinfler, 19 miles- from Dublin. The conventions, or par- liaments of Ireland, were held here, tri- ennially, from the firft to the fixth cen- tury. Tarannon , a river in Montgomery fir ire, which runs into the Severn, near Corfe CalUe, about 5 miles W. of Newtown. Tarantola, in Abvuzzo Citra. 'Fills town has given name to the fpiders called tarantulas, whofe bite, it has been laid, was only to be cured by mafic and danc- ing. Faragalla, a town of Darah, in Africa. 'Fa rare, a town in the dept, of Rhone and Loire, feated on the river Tordive, 18 miles WNW. of Lyons. Tarascon, a town in the dept, of the Mouths of the Rhone, feated on the river Rhone, oppofite Beaucaire,' with which it communicates by a bridge of boats, 10 miles N. of Arles. Its com- merce confifts in oil, brandy, ftarch, and ftufts, one fort of coarfe filk, and thy other of the fame materiaj and wool. Tarascon, a town in the dept, of Arriege, with fevcral manufactures of iron, it is feated on the river Arriege, 7 miles SE. of Foix. Tarazona, a town of Arragon, feated partly on a rock, and partly in a fertile plain, on the river Chiles, 43 miles NNW. of SaragolTa. Tarbat, a final! town in the county of Cromarty. Tarb'at, East, a town of Argyle- lhire, fituated on a bay called 'Jarb.it Loch, at the northern extremity of the peninfula of Kin tyre, 25 miles N. of Campbeltown, T&rbeck, T A R, Tarbecfi, or Tar debigg, Worceflerfhire, KW. of Brcmfgrove. * Tareert, a town of Kerry, in Munfter, 124 miles from Dublin. Tarbe3, a populous town, the capital of the dept, of the Upper Pyrenees, and late the fee of a bifhop. It Confiiis prin- cipally of one flreet, along the Adour, and is 42 miles SSYV. of Auch. Tarborough, a ftourilhing, trading town of N. Carolina, feated on the river Tar, 46 miles NNW. of New Bern. Tarmft a river in Dorfetfhire, which rifes near Stubhampton, and gives name to feveral villages it pafles through, in its way to where it falls, into the Stour, 3 miles SE. of Blandford, as Tarent-'Qunvil , Hinton, Cranford, Ka ins ton.. La arts ton, Monkton, and Rushton, all of which are ME. of Blandford. Tarentaise, County or, a barren tract of country in Savoy, with a dilagree- able appearance, and full of flightful pre- cipices. It has the lordlhip of Faucigny on the N. the duchy of Aofla on the E- the county of Maurienne on the S. and the duchy of Savoy on the W. Mon- ffier is the capital. Tar.ent'0, anciently Tarentum, a city and fea-port of Otranto, in Naples, containing- about 18,000 inhabitants. The harbour, which was once excellent, is now choaked up, and will only admit fifhing- boats-. It is fituated on a penin- fula, in a bay to which it gives name, 60 miles YVNW. of Otranto, and 147 nearly E. of Naples. Targa, a town of Fez, feated on the Mediterranean, near an oyiler nlhery. it is furrounded by mountains and thick fo- refts, full of monkies, and is 90 miles SE. of Tangier. Targovisco, or Tergovista, a town of Turkey, capital of Walachia. ‘File waywode has a pnlace here. * Tariffa, by the" Romans called Ju- lia Traducta, a fea-port of Seville, in Andrtlufia. It is a poor place, with a few inhabitants, but is fortified with old walls and towers, and has a caille, in which the governor rdides. Jt is lea ted on an eminence, near a bay, to which it gives name, on the N. fide of the Straits of Gibraltar, 17 miles WSYV. of Gibraltar. Taring asong, a town of Alia, in Thibet, 17 miles ESE. of Laflii. TarkU, or Tarcu, a town of Da- getfan, fituated on the W. coaft of the Cafpian Sea, 130 miles N. of Shamaclvie. Tarleton , Gloucefterf. E. of Minching- Ha nipt on. Tarleton, Lancalhire, between Ildket and Mut ton- Mere. T a it Tarma, an extenfive jurifdiCxion of ' Pern, about 30 leagues from Lima and to the N. of Atun Xauxa. The climate is N temperate, and the foil fertile j the Land is chiefly applied to the feeding of cattle. M; my mines of lilver are found here. Turmonbarry- Bridge, in Rofcommon, Connaught, 64 miles front Dublin. Tarn, a dept, of France, NW. of the I department of Herault, and N. of the 1 depart. . of the Aude ; formerly a part of ' Languedoc. It takes its name from a I river which rifes in the dept, of Lozere, 1 and having watered Milhaud, Alby, Gail- \ lac, Montauban, See. falls into the.Ga- ' ronne, near Moifl’ac, in the dept, of the 1 Lot. Caftles is the capital. Taro, a town ©f Parma, in thecoun- ! try of Val-di-Taro, feated on the river I Taro, which runs into the Po, 9 miles ^ E. of Bafl’eto. Tarperty, Chelhire. Tarraby , Cum- berland, NW. ofCarlifle. Tarragona, a town of Catalonia, with a univerfity 3 under the Romans the I capital of a .difind: called Tarraconenfis. j It was built originally by the Phoenicians, J and was very coniiderable in the time of , the Romans. There are feveral inferip- i tions, coins, ruins, and other monuments i of antiquity here. It is neither fo large nor l'o populous at prefen t; for though there j» is room for 2000 houfes within the walls, l( which were built by the Moors, there are not above 500, which are yll built with ; large fquare fiones. Its cathedral is well : worthy of attention, for its vaft dimen- a lions, and the elegance of its Gothic archi- ; tedlure. The archbilhop is metropolitan ) of Catalonia, and difputes the primacy of | Spain with Toledo. It has hut little 1 trade, (the harbour being dangerous, and j not much frequented) and is feated on the Mediterranean, at the mouth of the river Francoli, 38 miles WS W. of Barcelona, and 240 E. by N. of Madrid. Tarry Town, a town of New York. TARR£GA,atown of Catalonia, fituated on theCervera, 30 miles.N. ®f Tarragona. Tarring, a fmatl town of Suifex, 17 . miles W. of Baghthelmftone, and 57 S. of London. Tar set- Castle, Northum- berland, a Roman encampment near Bel- lingham. It is20yards long, and 10 broad, and defended by a deep fofie. At each corner of the area, appear the remains of turrets or mounds. • , Tarsus, a large fea-port town of Caramania, anciently the capital of Ci- licia. It is the fea of a Jacobite bilhop, and a Neftorian archbilhop, and is 105 miles W, of Alexandretta. Tartaro, Nr • - wh TAR Ta&tar.o, a river of Italy, which j nfes in the Vcronefe, erodes the Polefe de Rovigo, and pafles by Adria. Soon ! after it divides itfelf into two branches, l one of which runs into the Adige, and the other into the Po. Tart ary, a country of Alia, which, taken in its utmoft limits, reaches from the Eaftern Ocean to the Cafpian Sea, and from Corea, China, Hindooftan, and Perfia, to Ruflia and Siberia. It is gene- rally confidered, under three grand divi- fions ; namely, Eaftern, Weftern, and In- dependent Tanary. The different tribes which inhabit Eaftern Tartary were for- merly called Mongul Tartars, a warlike nation, who, on one hand, conquered Hindooftan, under Jenghis Khan, and on the other, fubdued China, in the 10th century, and reigned there for 100 years, till they were expelled in the year 1365. Chinefe Tartary is divided into two parts, Eaftern and Weftern. The greateft part of this country either belongs to the em- peror of China, is tributary to him, or is under his protection. The Chinefe em- pire has been lately extended in Tartary, by the celebrated conqueft of the king- dom of the Eluths, made in 1759, by the arms of the emperor Kien Long. Inde- pendent Tartary includes all the country between Chinefe Tartary and the Cafpian Sea, and contains Turkeftan, Great and Little Bukharia, Turcomania, Charafm, Thibet, and fome countries inhabited by the Ufbecks and Kalmucks. Weftern Tartary includes the remainder ; moft or all of w r hich has been conquered by the Ruffians. For various interefting parti- culars concerning them, fee, in their re- fps&ive places, the articles Abkas, Cir- caflia, Crimea, Cofl’acks, Georgia, Imeri- tia, Kalmucks, Kifti, Lefguis, Mingrelia, Monguls, Ofii, Samoyedes, Turkomans, aud ufbecs. Tartar , or Tatar , is, in faCt, a general name, which includes a great variety of nations, but with a particular one often applied from their local fitua- tion. Tart as, a town in the department of Landes, featcd on the river Midoufe, 22 miles NE. of Dax. Tarudant, a town of Sus, in Mo- rocco, formerly the capital of a fmall Kingdom. It contains feveral towns, which, as well as Tarudant, are built with ftone. It is, at prefent, the reft- dence of a governor, and is fituated al- moft at the extremity of the empire, 43 miles ESE. of Santa Cruz, (a fea port of Sus) and 110 SSW. of Morocco. Tarv(fr t Corowall, N- of Moumflbav. TAT Tarvin , or Tervin , 4 miles E. of Chefter, near a brook that comes from Torperley, and is the boundary of the foreft of Delq,- mere; Tasborough, Norfolk, W. of Snx- lingham. Tashiny, in Longford, Leinfter. Tasley , Shropfbire, W. of Bridgnorth, has a bridge over the. Severn. Tassausudon, a city of Afia, capi- tal of the county of Bootan, 206 miles SW. of Lalftv and 242 NE. of Patna. Tassa Corta, or Tussa Croda, a town on the W. coaft of the ifland of Patma, one of the Canary iflands. It is a loading place for veflels, but not very confiderable. Lat. 28. 37. N. Ion. 17. 58. W. Tate’s Island, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, firft difcpvered June 29th, 1793, by captains Bampton and Holt, of the Hormazier and Chefterficld, veflels employed in the fervice of the Eaft-India Company, and fo named, in honour of Mr. Tate, of Bombay. The inhabitants are flout, well made, and woolly headed, and refemble the people of New Guinea in ftature and complexion. A party from the Ihips, having landed, for the fake of procuring w r ater, and to make obferva- tions on the foil, produce, inhabitants, &c. was at firft received very kindly, to all appearance, but afterwards, the natives, watching their opportunity, murdered captain Hill, of the New South Wales corps, and fome of the feamen, cutting their throats from ear to ear, and man- gling their bodies in a (hocking manner. It was with difficulty that the furvivors made a drift to get on board/their boat, by frequently difeharging their mulkets, at the report of which the natives always lied into the w'oods. Thofe voracious canni- bals were afterwards (een dragging the dead bodies towards large fires prepared on the occafion, yelling and howling hi- deoufly at the fame time. Lat. 9. 28. S. Ion. 146. 57. E. Tatenelly Staffordf. W. of Burton upon- Trent. Tatmham, Wilts, 4 miles from Marlborough. Talernal, or Totter nhoe , Bedfordf. NW. of Dunftable. Tatesfield, Surry, SE. of Chelftiam. Tat ham, E. of Lancafter. Tathwell , Lincolnlhire, neat: Louth. Tatta, or Sinde, a town ofHiudoo- ftan Proper, capital of the province of Sindy; fuppofed to be built on the fite of the ancient Patala. In the laft cen- tury, it was very extenfive and populous, and was a place of confiderable trade, poifefling manufactures of ftik, Carma- nia wool, and cotton j it was alfo cele- 3 C brated T A V T A U Crated for its cabinet ware. Little of ferves for an arfenal and royal magazine, thefe, however, now remain, and the li- It is feated on a river, which falls into mits of the city are very much circum- lake Wana, 44 miles NE. of Abo. feribed. On the fhores of the Indus, Tauber See, a lake of Bcrchtefga- above the Delta, confiderable quantities den, in Bavaria. of faltpetre are made ; and within three Taucael, Tauchel, or Tuchel, miles of it on the NW. are mines of iron a town of Pruffian Pomerelia, feated on : and fait. The Indus, and its branches, the river Verd, 44 miles SSW. of Dant- admit of an uninterrupted navigation from Tatta to Moultan, Lahore, and Cafhmere, for veifels of near 200 tons ; and a very extenfive trade was carried on between thole places, in the time of Au- rungzebe; but. at prefen t, very little of this trade remains, owing, it is faid, to a bad government in Smdy, and probably to a hollile difpofirion of the Seiks, the prefent poflefiors of Moultan and Lahore. Tatta is feated on a branch of the river Sinde, or Indus, called the Ritchel river, 156 miles WNW. of Amedabad, and 540 SSW. of Moultan. Lat. £4. 50. N. Ion. 67. 37. E. Tattah, a town in Africa, fituated on the frontiers of Darab and Morocco, in the route from Morocco to Tombucloo. It is 150 miles SSE. of Morocco. TattenhH.lt Cheshire, W. of Bcefton- Caftle. Tatterford , Norf. N. of Rain- ham. Tatter set ; fee Gate send* Tattehshall, a imall town of Lin - eolnlhire, with a beautiful and fpacious church, and houfes motfly built of brick. Its caftle was famous for its ancient ba- fons, and, to this, day, exhibits awenera- i ble remain of ancient indultry. I he great tower, £00 feet high, is entird, but the other parts are totally deftrbyed. Tatterfhall is commodioufly fituated, al- though in a marftiy country, on the river Bane, which is navigable by boats to the Witham, near its conufience with the latter, 12 miles NW. of Belton, and 127 N. of London. Market on Friday. Tattingston , Suffolk, SW. of Ipfwich. Tattington , or Tanningtcni , Sufi'. N. of Framlingham. Talton, Chelhire, N. of Knottesford. Talton, E. and IT. Dorfeti. near Abbotfbury. TAvastland, a. very fertile prpvince in the middle of Finland, about 150 miles in length and 100 in breadth. It corufiffs of fine plains, watered by a great number of rivers and lakes, which abound in fifh, and it is plentifully ftored with cattle and all forts of game. It is far, however, from being well cultivated, and the m habitants are very poor. The northern part is rather mountainous and woody. Tavastus, or Kroneborg, a town of Finland, capital of the province of Fa- vaftland. The caftle is well fortified, and zic. Taucha, a town of Lcipfic, in Up- per Saxony. Taud, a river in Lancafhire, which a runs into the Dowles, not far from La- thorn Park. Tave, a river in Carmarthen- flfire, which runs into the Severn at St. J Clear, near Llaugbarn. Tave, or "Faff, a river of Wales, which rifes in two frreams, in the fouthern 1 part of Brecknockfhire, and runs into the f Briffol Channel, oppofite Pennarth Point, below Cardiff, in (Jlamorganfhire. Taverham, Norf. by the Yare, NW. of Norwich. Taverna/ a town of Calabria Ultra. Tavira, or Tavila, a confiderable ’ town of Portugal, in Algarve, containing : 2 churches, an hofpital, 5 convents, and ' about 5000 inhabitants. It has a com modi* j ous harbour, protected by two forts, and is j feated in a pleafant, fertile county, near ? the mouth of the river Giiaon, 100 miles 5 W. by N. of Cadiz. * Tavistock, an ancient, large, and well built town of Devonffiire. it was once a flourifhing place, famous for its > ffately, mitred abbey, where. books were formerly printed in the Saxon language, and a fchool eredled to teach it j it is ) now divided into tenements. It is a ** flannary town, has a chalybeate mineral water, and is fituated on the river Tavy, or Tave, 32 miles W. by S. of Exeter, and 1 206 W. by S. of London. Market or> Saturday. Taukin , Cumberland, SE. of Brampton. Taimie , a river wich riles in Y orkfhire, and runs into the Merfey at Stopford, in Lancafhire, oppofite Stockport. Taumago, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, difeovered by Quiros, in the year 1606. He found wood, water, potatoes, cocoas, palmettos, fugar- canes, and other plants and fruits. The inhabitants ap- peared to be aclive, robuft, and warlike, but not ferocious. Lat. 13. S. Ion. 201. E. of Ferro. Taunton, a town of Mafiachufetts, feated on a river of the fame name, which runs into the fea at Rhode Ifland, 29 miles S. of Bcfton. * T - unton, an ancient town of So- mcrfetihire, which, in point of fize, buildings. T A U building?, and refpeddability of inhabi- tants, may vie with many cities. It con- lilts of three principal ftreets, or rather four, including Hemet- flreet, (which has lately been begun by Sir Benjamin He- met, and will be a conliderable addition to the town) which are wide, and very well built, beftdes a number of other?, and contains 2 parifh churches, a noble and fpacious market-place, a commodious market-houfe, with a handfome town- hall over it, a well-endowed grammar- fchoo], an hofpital, and about 2000 in- habitants. It has long been the princi- pal feat of the manufacture of coarfe, woollen goods, fuch as forges, corduroys, fagathies, druggets, lhalloons. See. though fo me what decayed of late years, or tranf- lated, perhaps, to the neighbouring town of Wellington. A {ilk manufacture ‘was introduced here in J780. Large quanti- ties of malt liquor are alfo fent from this town to Briftol for exportation. The corporation are faid to have neither lands, houfes, nor joint flock ; their laft char- ter precluding them from any fuch pof- feflions. The election of members of parliament here is very lingular j every pot- walloper, i. e. inhabitant that drefles his own victuals, is entitled to vote; fo that the inmates, or lodgers, to qualify themfelves, a little before the election comeson, make a fire in the flreet, and there boil their victuals. It is feated on the river Thone, which is navigable hence to the Parret, and fo to Bridgwater, til miles NE. of Exeter, and 140 W. by S. of London. Large markets on Wed'nef- and Saturday. Tavora, town of Beira, in Portugal, 6 miles E. of Lamego. It is fituated on or near a river of the fame name, which runs into Douro, 5 miles NE; of Larnego. Taunton-Dean, or the \ t ale of Taunton, in Somerfedhire, extending about 30 miles in length, is of fuch re- markable fertility and produce, that, to ufe the vulgar p‘ rafe, with the fun and' foil alone, it needs ‘no manure. Coals from Wales, after being brought by fea from Swanfea to Bridgwater, are brought from the latter places by barges to Taun- ton, as are heavy goods and merchan- dize from Briftol, and fo are tranfported over all thefe parts. Taureau, an'illaud of France, in the dept, of Fjnifterre, lying at the mouth df the river Morlaix. Lat. 48. 40. N. Taurica, or Taurida. See Cri- mea. Tauris, or Tabris, a city of Perfia, capital of Aderbeitzan, the moll confider- T a Y able in the empire, next to Ifpahan. It carries on a prodigious trade over many parts of Afia, in cotton, cloths, filks, gold and ftlver brocades, the fineft turbans, and fhagreen leather. It contains many large and extenfive bayars, covered with beauti- ful domes, and filled with vaft quantities of merchandize, 3 hofpitals, in which pro- vi lions are given twice a day to all who come, a fquare much larger and more fpa- cious than that at Ifpahan, (and in which the Turks, when in polfeffion of this city, have frequently drawn up 30,000 men in order of battle) 250 mofques, .300 cara- vanferas, which are fo fpacious, that 300 perfons, it is faid, may lodge in each, be- lides baths, and pther public buildings, equally noble and magnificent, Sir John Chardin eftimates the inhabitants at 550,000, befides ftrangers. It is feated in a plain, furrounded by mountains, whence a ftream proceeds, which runs through the city. It is ISO'miles SSE. of Erivan, and 360 NNW. of Ifpahan. Lat. 38. 18. N. Ion. 47. 10. E. Taurus, or Ararat, a great chain of mountains in Afia, which begin near the weftern part of Natolia, and extend to India. In different places they have dif- ferent names. Tauten , North, Devonfhire, NW. of Barnftaple. Tauton , South, Devonfhire, E. of Okehampton . Tavy, Mary's, De- vonlhire, on the river Tavy. Tavy, Pe- ter's, Devonf. NE. of Taviftock. Taw, a river of Devonshire, which rifes near the centre of the county, about 3 miles SE. of Okehampton, flows to Barnftaple, and then turns weiterly and joins the 'low- ridge, at its mouth in the Briftol Chan- nel. Taw stock- House, and Taw ton, Bi- shop's, Devonf. on the Taw, SW . and S. of Barnftaple. Bifhop’s Tawton was the firft bifhop’s fee in this county, from whence, after only, two bi^iop^ had re- fided in it, it was removed to Crediton, and then to Exeter. Tawy, a river ofBreck- nockfhire and Glamorganfhire, which enters' the Briftol Channel at Swanfey. Taxhall, Chelhire, N. of Macclesfield- Fo- reft. Tay, a fine river of Scotland, the two fources of which aie near Tyndrum, in the W. part of Pcrthfhire. Flowing through Loch Tay, it afterwards waters Dunkeld and Perth, and, joining the ri- ver Earn, falls into the Frith of 'Fay. Tay, Frith of, a noble eftuary, or arm of the fea, which divides Fifefhirs from the counties of Perth and Angus. It becomes narrow towards its mouth, and at the Ferry-Town, in Fifulhire, called 3 C 2 Barton- T A Y Parton- Craigs, it is not above a mile broad. Tay, Loch, a lake of Perthlhire, in Scotland, through which flows the ma- jeftic river of the fame name. It is about 15 miles long, and in many parts above one broad. On the 12th of September, 1784, this lake was feen to ebb and flow feveral times in a quarter of an hour, when, all at once, the waters ruffled from the E. and W. in oppofite currents, fo as to form a ridge, leaving the channel dry to the difiance of almoft a hundred yards from its ufual boundary. When the op- poling waves met, they burft with a clalh- ing noife, and much foam : the waters then flowed out at lead five yards beyond their ordinary limits. The flux and re- flux continued, gradually decreafing for about two hours. A fimilar motion was obferved for feveral days, but not to the fame degree as on the firft day. The banks of this lake are finely wooded ; and it has a fmall tufted ifland, on which are the ruins of a priory, built by Alexan- der 1. Tay, a river of Waterford, in Munfler, Which runs into the Atlantic, about 7 miles WNW. from Dungarvan bay. Tay Li or Tali, a city of China, of the firfl rank, in the province of Yunnan. It is the principal place where they make curious tables, and other ornaments of fine marble, naturally beautified with dif- ferent colours, in the form of mountains, flowers, trees, and rivers. Tayli has un- der its jurifdi&ion, 4 cities of the fecond rank, and 3 of the third. It is 1205 miles SW. of Peking. Taynton , Gloucefterf. SE. of Newent. Taynton , Upper and Lower, Lincolnihire, near Horncaflle. Ta-yoan. SeeTAiouAN. Taytong, or Taitong, a city of China, of the firfl: rank, in the province of Chanfi, with a very large jurifdidlion, extending over 4 great cities of the fecond rank, and 7 of the third. Lapis lazuli is obtained in great plenty here j and there is a kind of jafper which is tranfparent, and as white as agate. Porphyry, mar- ble, and jafper of all colours are very plen- tiful, and here is alfo a great commerce in ikihs. The neighbouring' mountains abound with a variety of fimplcs and me- dicinal herbs, whiejh the botanifts gather with great care. Taytohg is very well fortified, according to the manner of the < binefe, and has, generally, a very flrong garrifon. It is fituated in a mountainous country, expofed to the incurlions of the Tartars, and fuagiuided, in a ©anucr, by TEC the great wall, which has forts from ptac$ to place. 155 miles W. of Peking. Tchangtcha, a city of China, of the firfl: rank, in the province of Houquang. It is fituated on the Heng river, 742 miles- S. of Pekin g*- Tchangtcheou, a city of China, of the firfl: rank, in the province of Fokien, 95p mile-; S. of Peking. Tchangtcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Kiang- nan, 525 miles SSE. of Peking. Tchante, a city of China, of the firfl rank, in the province of Honan. It con- tains in its diftri£t, one city of the fecond rank, and fix of the third. It is remark- able, for a filh found in its rivers, refem-a bling a crocodile, the fat of which is of fuch a Angular nature, that when once fet on fire, it cannot 1 be extinguifhed. It is 255 miles SSW. of Peking. Tcheiciang, a maritime province of China, W. of thefea, S.and SE. of the pro- vince of Kiangnan, and N. of the province « of Fokien. The principal trade confifls in filk fluffs, which, indeed, is immenfe.1 ' Whole plains may be feen covered with ' dwarf mulberry trees, which the Chinefe purpqfely check in their growth, as the ' leaves of the fmaller trees procure the belt filks. This province likewife produces the tallow tree, a fpecies of mufh rooms,' . which are tranfpovtcd to all parts of the empire, excellent hams, and iinall gold filh. Tchernigovskoe, a government of * Ruflia, formerly a part of the Ukraine ; ' bounded on the N. by Mogilevikoe, and i on the W. by Poland. Its capital, Tcher- nigov, is feated on the right fhore of the t Defna, 344 miles SSW. of Mofcow. Tea, a river in Buckinghamlhire, which runs into the Oufe, near Stony Stratford. Tear, Upper and Lower, Stafford!', near the Tay ne water, (orTean river, which runs into the Dove, 2 miles NE. of Ut- toxeter) between Cheadle and Checkleyi Teark , or Ton) Dean, Gloucefterf. N. of Nortbleach. Team , a river in Staffordf. and Shropf. Team, near Shrewsbury. Teaih, St. Cornwall, S. of 'Pin tan gel. Tebay, Wcftmorland, on the Lon, nea» Ruthwaite. Tebesta, an ancient town of Tunis. Tebworth, Bedfordlhire, in Chcl grave parilh. Tebza, a town, capital of a province of Morocco. Lat. 32. 50. N. Ion. 4. 55. W. Teceut, or Techeit, a town of Sus, in Morocco, with a miuiufa&ure of Morocco leather. It is 150 miles SW . Qf Morocco. Tscklknburg,. T E F Tecklenburg, a town and fertile county of Weftphalia, lubjedl to the kins; of Pruffia. Tecoantepeca, a confiderable fea- port town of Guaxaca, in Mexico, with handfome buildings. Lat. 15. 28. N. Ion. 99. 15. W. Tecort, a town, capital of a cduntry of Biledulgerid. Lat. 29. 35. N. ion. 7. | Jbb. E.' Teculet, a fea- port of Morocco. Tedborn, St. Mary s , Devonf. on the Ferton, W. of Exeter. Tedbury. Sec Tetbury. Teddington , Middiefex, on the Thames, 1 miles NW. of Kingfton. Tedelez, or Oellys, a town, capi- tal of a diftridt of Algiers,' fituated on the Mediterranean, with a plentiful filhery, 45 miles E. of Algiers. Tedjord, Lincolnf. NW. of Spilfby. Tedington, Worcefterf. E. of Tewklbury. Tednumbury, Herts, NE. of Sawbridg- w r orth. Ted nest, a confiderable town of Mo- rocco, capital of the diftridt of Hea, 1 10 miles WiNW. of Morocco. Ted si, a town of Sus, Morocco, E. of Tarudant, and 90 miles SW. of Morocco. Ted, St. Mary's , Lincolnfnire, in the part called Holland. Tedston-de-la-Mcr , and Teds ton- IV afers, Herefordfhire, NE. of Bromyard. Tees, a river which rifes on the con- fines of Cumberland, and, in its whole courfe, dividing the county of Durham from Yorkfiiire, and falls into the Ger- man Ocean, about 10 miles below Stock- ton. ! Tees , a river of Northumberland, which runs into the German Ocean at Middle- borough. Tefessad, a town of Algiers, fup- pofed to have been the ancient Tipia, noted for its mines of iron. It is 32 miles SW . of the city of Algiers. Tefflis, a town of Afia, capital of Georgia. It is called by the inhabitants Thilis-Cabar , (warm town) from the warm baths in its neighbourhood. Though its circumference does not exceed two Englifh miles, it contains 20,000 inhabi- tants - f Armenians, Georgians, and Tar- tars. All the houfes are of ftone, with flat roofs, which ferve, according to the cultom of the Eaft, as waiks for the wo- men. They are neatly built j the rooms are wainfeotted, and the floors fpread with carpets. The ftreets i'eidotn exceed feven feet in breadth j and fonie are fo narrow ps fcarceiy to allow room for a man on frorfebtek : they are confequemiy very T E i filthy. The Armenians have eftablilhed in this town all the manufactures carried on by their countrymen in Perfia: the mofl flowrifhirrg is that of printed linens. Here are 1 Roman Catholic, 13 Greek, and 7 Armenian churches. Tefflis is feat- ed on the river Kur, at the foot of a mountain, 300 miles SSW. of Afiracan. Lat. 41. 59. N. Ion. 47. 6. E. TeJ'unt, Eves , or Over and Tefunt 9 Nether , W ilts, near Hindon. Tegan, a city of China, of the firfi: rank, in the province of Houquang, In the territory of this place are a Tort of worms, which make white wax like that of bees. Lat. 31. 20. N. Ion. 1 12. 31. E. Tegaza, a town of Africa, capital of a diftridf in the county of Sahara, near which is a mine of fait. It is about 300 miles from the Atlantic, and 400 S. of Cape Non. Tegerey, a town of Fezzan, 80 miles SW. of Mourzout. Teghmolin , in Carlow, Leinfter. Teglio, a town in the country of the Grifons, capital of a government of the fame name, in the Valteline. It contains about 300 houfes, and is 20 miles SW, of Borinio. Tehama, a fandy belt, which nearly encircles Arabia, beginning at Suez, and extending to the mouth of the Euphrates, It has been gradually produced by a re- ceflion of the waters of the fea, and is ftill extending its limits. Hiliory notices feveral places as fea-ports, which are at prefent inland. The belt is entirely bar- ren, and prefents an unvaried pi£lure of defolation. Teign, a river of Devonlhire, com- pofed of two branches, which rife nearly in the centre of the county, and, uniting, enter the Englifh Channel at Teism- mouth. Teign-Cajion , Devonf. near Hemiock. Teignmouth, a fea- port of Dcvon- fhirc, reckoned part of the port of Exeter. It has no market, but fends i’ome veflels to the Newfoundland filhery, and employs feveral in the coafiing- trade, efpecially in carrying tobacco-pipe clay to Liverpool, whence are brought back coal, fait, ear- then-wares, &c. It has a tide harbour, and is feated at the mouth of the river Teign, 12 miles S. of fcxeter, and 280 W. by S. of London. A well- frequented fair on September 29th. Teignton, Bishop's , and King's , De* vonfhirc, on the river Teign. Teisse, or T eissk, a r;ver of Hun- gary, which rifes in the Carpathian moun- tains, and palling by Waradin, Tokay, 3 C 3 and T E M and Scgedin, falls into the Danube, near Titul. Telamone, a town of the State del Prefidii, belonging to Naples j 10 miles N. ofOrbitello. Tekby , Lincoinf.NE. of Market-Raifin. Telen Head, or St. Helen’s Head, called alfo Horn Head, a noted promontory in Donegal, Elder. Lat. 55. 10. N. Ion. 8. 35. W. Telesoonib, Sujfex, NW. of Newhave'n. Telgen, a town of Sudermania, fitu- ated on the Lake Maeler, 15 miles SW. of Stockholm. Tellicherry, a fea-port on thecoafl of Malabar, where there is an Englifh fac- tory^ 48 miles NNW. of Calicut. Telsford , Somerfetfhire, on the Frome, E. of Philips Norton. Telsham , Suffolk. Telish, a town of Iglau, in Moravia. Teluddy, or Tehiddy , Cornwall, on the N. coafl, W. of St. Ann’s. Temb, or Team, a river which rifes in Radnorfhire, and palling through Shropfhire and Wor- cefterfhire, runs into the Severn, 1 mile below Worcefter. Temendefust, or Metafust, a town of Algiers, 10 miles E. of it. Te ftps war, a town and important fortrefs of Hungary, capital of a bannet, and the fee of a Greek bifhop. It was taken by Prince Eugene in 1716. It is feated in a morafs, 52 miles NNE. of Bel- grade. Temissa, a large ‘town of Fezzan, in Africa. Here the caravans from Tom- bu6Iou, Mourzouk, See, which travel by Cairo to Mecca, ufually provide the bores of corn, dates, nrfd dried meat, with other provisions, reqatifite during a long jour- ney through a dreary and defert country. It is 120 ENE. of Mourzouk. Temple, Gornw.NE. of Bodmin. Tem- ple, DorfetShire, in the parifh of Broad Windfor. Temple, Hants, SE. of Alton. Temple, Hcrtfordfhire, S. of Sacomb. Temple, Kent, in Dartford parifh. Tem- ple, Leicefterf. W.of Bofworth. Temple - Tel:, oil, Warwickshire, near Killing worth. Temple- Brough, Yorkf. on the Don, near Comfburgh. Temple Truer, Lincoln!'. N \\ • of Sleaford. Tender Chelsin, Herts, in Benjoy parifh. Temple- Comb, Somer- fetf. near Milhourn Port. Ten > pie- Dans ley, Herts,' in Hitch in pari fa. T empty- Ewell, Kent, NW. of Dover, was one of the chief manfion ’ of the knights template. Temple- House , in Slj'go, Connaught; '1 eniple- H urst, York f. NW. ofSnaith. Temple Martin, in Kilkenny, Lcinber. Temple- Michael, in Waterford, Munder. Temple m ore t in 'Tipperary, Munder. 3 TEN Temple-Newsom, Yorkf. SE. of Leeds. , Templenoe , in Kerry, Munder. Tern - pie- Patrick, in Antrim, Ulfter. Temple - Patrick, in Down, Ulder. Temple- Sower by, Wedmorland, near Kirkby-Thore. Temple-Thirty , in Waterford, Munder. £|J Templeton, Devonf. W. of Tiverton. * Templet own, in Wicklow, Leinder. J Templin, a town of the Ucker Mark of Brandenburg, trading largely in tim- ' her. It is fituated on a canal, newly made between the lakes Bodenfee and Dol- genfee, 3^ miles N. of Berlin. Tempo, in Fermanagh, Ulder. Tempsford , Bedfordfhire, near Great Barford, between Bigglefwade and Eaton, a little below the conflux of the Oufe and Ivel. Temsena," a province of Morocco, on ' the coaft of the Atlantic, S. of Sallee. ’ It is riclx and fertile, producing excellent corn, and other provifxons of various kinds. Tenasserim, a town of Lower Siam, ; capital of a province which was formerly , a kingdom. It is 220 miles SW. of Siam. W Tenbury, a town of Worcefferfhire, feated on the river Teme, over which it i has a done bridge of 6 arches, 15 miles ; W. by N. of Worcader, and 130 NW'. / by W. of London. Market on Tuefday. . * Tenby, a neat, agreeable fea-port town of Pembrokefhire, with a commo- dious quay, a good harbout or road for ' (hipping, a large dfhery for herrings, and i a conficlerable coading trade to Ireland j and Briftol. It is a place of fome refort j for fea-bathing, and is fituated on the de- ' clivity of a hill, affording a piclurefque ' view of it from the bay, but deficient of ; trees, 7 miles E. of Pembroke, and 233 W.of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Tench’s Island, a well-inhabited ifland in the S. Pacific-Ocean, difeovered by Lieutenant Ball, in 1700. It is about 2 miles in circumference: it is low, bat entirely covered with trees, many cfwhich are the cocoa-nut. The natives obferved in the canoes, that ventured to come fome what near the fhip, were remarkably bout and heal thy- looking men ; their fkin perfectly fmootli, and free from any difor^er. Thev were quite naked, and of a copper colour : their hair refeiubling that of the New Hollanders. Some of their beards reached as low as the navel, and there was an appearance of much art having been ufed to form them into, long j ringlets, fo that it feemed to be the pre- J vailing fafhion on this illand to keep the beard f E N i beard well combed, curled, and oiled. ! Two or three of the men had fomething like a bead or bone, fufpended to a firing, | which was fattened round the neck. The largcft of their canoes appeared to be about 28 feet long, and made out of a large tree, with a long outrigger. LaL. 1. 39- S. Ion. 151 31. E. Ten da, a town of Piedmont, cnpitrl of a county of the fame name, S. of the diftrifft of Coni, and N. of IS* ce, affording 1 good pafturage and timber. It has a caf- j tie walled round, and Hanked with towers, on a rock, w’hich commands the environs, i and is fituated at the confluence of the rivers Roia and Brogria, .22 miles USE. of , Nice. Tend ring, Elfx, near Debden. Tend - ring. Effex, SW. of Harwich. Tendring- Hall, Elfex, NE. ofTendring. Tendring- j Hall, Suffolk, near Stoke, by -Neylamb Tenedos, an ifland in the Archipe- lago, lying on the coaft of Natolia, SE. of Lemnos. It is about 21 miles/: n : Ircum- ference, and its mufeadine wine is reckon- ed the beft in all the Levant. On the N. coaft is a pretty large town, with a fine harbour. Tenerife, formerly called Ni v a ri a, one of the Canary hflanbs, the feconct in dignity, but the firft in point of extent, wealth, and fertility It lies to the W. of t)ie Grand Canary, and is about 4 5 miles in length, and 2u n breadth. Its form is triangular, extending itfelf into 3 capes, the nearett about bO leagues or mere from the coaft of Africa, it abounds in wine, different forts of fruits, cattle, and game. One part of this ifland is fur rou .led by inacceffibie mountains, and there is one in part cu : ar. called the u ikc of 1 ene i ff. which, according to Sir Tho- mas Herbert, may be feen 120 miles off', \ in a clear day. Or. Hebcrden eftimates the height at I ,39b feet above the level of tiie lea. The vertex, which appears (harp, and the exa£t refemblance to a cone, is flat for the extent of an acre of ground, in the centre of which is a dread- ful volcano Though it frequently breaks out i to flames, and imoke conftantly iflues from it, t. ere has been no eruption from this mountain, lir.ee the year 17 4, when the port of . arrachica was deiiroy- • ed, and the harbour filled up by the lava. Ten parts of tins iiland conin', of rocks, and woody and inacceffibie mountains and vineyards, and yet, from the fmall portion of arable ground re d.oing, 250, < 00 ha- nackes of v/heat, befides i m men fe quanti- ties of rye and barley, are annually pro- duced here. Nothing can be more deli- T E N cately rich than the foil, if the Spaniards would take the trouble to cultivate it pro- perly, communicating to grains, fruits, roots, &c. a peculiar elegance of flavour, unknown in other countries. Wine is the only confiderable article of foreign commerce, about 40,000 pipes being an- nually made here. There are two forts of it, the vidonia and nuilvefia, or malm- fey. The firft is extracted from a long- grape, and is a dull, heavy wine, greatly inferior to the other, which is drawn from a large, round grape, in fuch quan- tities, as to be exported to all the corners of the world. The Spanilh cuftom of dreffing in black continues amongft the inhalf tants. The laborious works in this ifland are chiefly performed by mules, horfes being fcarce. Oxen are alfo much employed here, to drag their calks ah ng upon pieces of wood. Hawks and par- rots are natives of the ifland, as alfo fvval- low.s, fea> gulls, partridges, black-1 irds, and large flocks of canary-birds. There are alfo lizards, locufts, and three or four forts of dragon flies. The air and climate are remarkably healthful, and particui oiy adapted to afford relief in phthifical com- plaints. l.at. of the Peak, 2S. 18. N. Ion. 17. W. Ten e riff, a town of St. Martha, Terra Firma, fituated near the river Mag- delaine, 100 miles S. of St. Martha. Tenessel. See Broad Fenessee. Tenes, a town and diftridf of Algiers, fituated on the N. coaft near Cape Tones, in lat. 36, 30. N. Thneza, a town of Morocco, 43 miles W SW. of the city of Morocco. Tenfiam, Kent, near Sbeppey Ifle. Ten Mile Bush, in Meath, Feinfter. Ten- Mile- House, in Wicklow, Leinfter. Tenaal-Hall , Staffordfhire, SW. of Bir- mingham. Tennassee Government, a country of the United States of America, bounded on the N. by Kentucky, on the E. by a part of the Apalachian mountains, (c filed the Iron mountain) which feparates it from N. Carolina, on the S. by Georgia, and on the W. by the Miffiffippi. it is divided into two chflricts, and eight coun • ties. The foil and climate are good. The chief towns are Naftivdle and Abing- don. Th-s county was firil begun to he fettled about the year 1764} and in 1788, the numner of inhabitants (chiefly emi- grants from Pennfylvania and Virginia) was eftimated at 40,000. See Broad Tennassee. Tennestadt, a town ofThuringia. Tens eke, Bcdfordfhire, near AmpthUl. C 4 Tjkntciieou, TER Tentcheou, a city of China, of the fiift rank, in the province of Chan tong. It is built on the fea fliore, and has a con- venient harbour, and a ftrong garrifon, with a fleet of fnips to guard' the gulf. *Tenterden, a town of Kent, where the woollen manufadlure was eftablifhed by the Flemings, in the reign of Edward III. It has a free gram mar- fchool, and is 24 miles SYV. of Canterbury, and 56. E. by S. of London. Market on Friday. Tenzegezet, a town of Tremcfen. Teolacha, an ancient town of Afri- ca, in Biledulgerid, feated in a country abounding in dates, upon a river that proceeds from a hot fpring. Te R, a river of Catalonia, which rifes in the county of Cerdagne, and runs into the Mediterranean, .20 miles E. of Ge- rona Ter amo, a town of Abruzzo Ultra. Terasso. See Tarsus. Ferasson, a town in the department of Dordogne, feated on the river Vefere, 10 miles from Sarlet. Tercera, one of the Azores, or Weller n lflands. It is very fertile in i wheat, and contains about 20,000 inha- bitants. Lat. 38. 45. N. Ion. 27. 1. W. Tercet, iN’orthumb. NW. ofBillihgham. Fe R c H i z, a town of Chorafan, in I 3 erfla. Terela , in Down, Ulflcr. Terestent , Monmouthfhire, between the river Stowey and the Rompney. Terga, an old town of Morocco, feated on the river Omirabi, or Mor- bega, 90 miles N. of Morocco. Tergovista. See Targovisco. Terladinas , Cornwall, N. of Penzance. Terlescoward, Lancaf. S. ofMarton-Mere. Tarleton , Noltingh. between Nottingh. and Stanton-on- the Would. Terley-Cas - tie, Staffordlhire, SW. of Mucklefton. Ter li-ng, Eflfex, 4 miles W. of Witham. Termed, or Tarmad, a town of Tocareftan, in Afla, 150 miles S. of Sa- marcand. Termini, a town on the northern coaft of Sicily, famous for its mineral waters, and there is a fine aquedud, with feveral handfome buildings. It contains about 9000 inhabitants, and is feated on the mouth of a river of the fame name, in a territory abounding in corn and good wine, 18 miles SE. of Palermo. Termoli, or Termini, a town of Capitanata, in Naples, 84 miles NNE. of Naples. Termuyden, a fmall town of Dutch Flanders, 12 miles SE. of Flulhing. Termyova, a town of ifiria, 18 miles NE, of Pedena. TER Ter Nate, an ifland of the Eaflern Ocean, the principal of the Moluccas. It abounds in cocoa-nuts, bananas, citrons, oranges, almonds, and other fruits proper to the climate There are alfo a great number of birds of paradife. It is a moun- tainous coumtry, and there are a great number of woods, which furnifh great plenty of game. But it is of the greateft note for being a fptce-ifland, which produces cloves, and is in the pof- feilion of the Dutch. The inhabitants are Mahometans, and very irdolent. it lies a little to the W. of GilqlV. and 10CP miles E. of Celebes. Lat. 0. 50. “N. Ion. 127. 4. E. Tere , Yorkfhire, W. of Skipton. Terneuse, a town of Flanders. Terni, an ancient arid ontiderahle town of Spoleto, in Italy. The cathe- dral is a magnificent Itrudure, and the place contains about 12,000 inhabitants ; but it was much more confiderable for- merly than it is now. The famous' cata- ract of the river Velino is about a mile from this place, which is feated in an iiiand formed by the river Nera, on which account it was anciently called Inter amna. It is 15 miles S. by W. of Spoleto, and 40. N. of Rome. Ter nov a, an ancient, but thinly in- habited town of Bulgaria, (formerly the re- fidence of the defpots, or princes, and now of an Ecclefiaftic/ who is called the arcli- bilhop of Bulgaria) 95 miles E. of So- phia, and 200 NW. of Conflantinople. Alfo a large and commercial town of Theflaly, li mated on the Peneus, 5 miles WNW. of Larilla. Terracina, an ancient town of Italy, in the Campagna-di-Roma. It is greatly decayed on account of its unwholefome air. It was formerly called Anxur, was the capital of the warlike Yolfci, and the principal church was originally a temple of Jupiter. It is feated near the fea, on the fide of a mountain, 46 miles SE. of Rome. Terra del Fuego. See Tierra del Fuego. Terra Firma, New Castile, or Castile del Oro, a vafl: extent of country in South America, extending al- moll from the equator to 12. 18. N. lat. and from 16. 20. to 80. W. Ion. It is divided into the following large dilb ids, which are fubdivided into finaller jurif- diclions . Terra Firma Proper, or Darien j Carthagena, St. Martha, Rio de la Hacha, Venezuela, Caraccas, New Granada, Pa- ri a, Popayan, Quito, and Comana. It is fubjedt to Spain. Terra T E T Terra Firma Proper. See Da- RIENi Terra Nuova, a fea-port on the E. .coaft of Sardinia, 102 miles N. of Cag- liari. Ter rid on. Loch, an inlet of the fea, on the W. coaft of Rofslhire, indented with many creeks and bays. Terri ng, a town of Suffex, feated on the Downs, near the lea, 24 miles E. of Chichefter, and 53 SSW. of London. Market on Saturday. Terril's Pass, in W. Meath, Lein Her. Terring , Sufiex, SE. of Lewes. Ter- rington , Yorklhire, S. of Hovingham. Terrington, St. Clement and St. John, Norfolk, W. of Lynn. Terrouen, a town in the dept, of the Straits of Calais, feated on the river Lis, 6 miles S. of St. Omer. Terry-Hogan , in Down, Ulder. Tertio-Deau, ilampf. N. of Bilhop’s- Waltham. Teruel, a town of Arragen, feated in a pleal'ant, fertile plain, well watered by dreams, and planted with gardens and fruit trees, whole blelfoms perfume the air. It dands at the confluence of the rivers Guadalquiver and Alhambra, 75 miles S. of Saragolla, and 112 £. of Ma- drid. Terver -Chapel, Lancalhire, on the Dud- don, W. ol Furnefs Fells. Teschen, oi'Tiessin, a town of Si- lefia, cap.tal of a principality of the fame name. The mhaoitants carry on a trade in leather, woollen 1 ud's, and wines ; and manufacture a particular kind of fufee. A treaty of peace was concluded here in 1779, between the emperor Jofcph if. and Frederick lil. king of Pruflia. ft is 57 miles SE. of Ilatibor. Tesegdelt, a town of Morocco, fituated on a fharp rock, fuppofed to be jmpregnable. It is 90 miles WN W. of the city of Morocco. Tesino, a river of Italy, which rifes in Mount Got’nard, and running through the Lake Maggiore, falls into the Po, at Favira. Tessel. SeeTEXEL. Test, or Tese, a river which rifes in the NW. of Hants, and, watering Stock- bridge and Rumfey, falls into the Bay of Southampton, at Redbridge. Testerton , Norfolk, S. of Fakenham. Test if ling , Merioncthfhire, in N. Wales. lesion, Kent, on the M -dway. Test wood, Hamplhire, NVV. of Southampton. Tet, a river of France, which rifes in the Pyrenees, a little above Mount Louis, and runs into the Mediterranean, about 7 miles E. of Perpignan. ’4 T e v Tetbury, a populous town ofGlou- cefterfhire, with a confiderable trade, and a manufactory of woollen cloth. The market, on VVednefday, is large for corn, cattle, checfe, malt, yarn, wool, and pro- viftons. It is fituated near the lource of the river Avon, in a healthy air, on a riling ground, 25 miles ENE. of Briftol* and 99 W. of London. Tetcote, Devonlbire, near Launcefton, where the Claw' joins the Tamar. Tether - ington, Gloucefterlhire, SE. of Thorn- bury. Tetherton, E. and //’. Wiltfhire, NE. of Chippenham, and NVV. of Caine. Teticato, a large lake of Peru, in Callao, above 200 miles in circumference. * TetswOrth , Oxfordf. between Thame and Eafington. Tettenha/l , Clericorum, and Regis, Staff. NW. of Wolverhampton. Tettoh, Ghe- Ihire, near Sandbach and Middlewich. Tetuan, a town of Fez, in Africa. The houfes have no windows toward the ftreets, except . : ttle holes to look out at 3 for the windows are on the inlide toward the court-yard, which is furrounded by galleries 3 and in the middle is generally a fountain. They are two Rories high, flat at the top, and the ftreets very nar- row. The drefs of both fexes is much alike 3 but nothing of the women is to be feen in the ftreets, except their eyes and naked legs, which are never covered in this country. When they are at home, they vifit each other from the tops of their houles. They wear bracelets on their arms and legs, and large ear-rings in their ears. The fhopsin the eity are very fmall, being without doors 3 and the owner, when lie has opened the Ihutters, jumps in, and fits crofs-legged on a coun- ter, the goods being difpofed in drawers round about him, and all the cuftomers ftand in the ftreet. It is feated on the river Cus, 3 miles from the fea, and has a caftie which commands the town. Ships from Gibraltar come to victual here, when the wind is in the W. and does not permit them to make Tangiers. It is 108 miles IS. by W. of Fez, and 28 SE. of Tangiers. Lat, 35. 27. N. Ion. 5. 26. W. Tetworth , Huntingd. W. of Granfden. Te verone, a river of Italy, which rifes in the Apennines, miles above Tivoli, glides through a plain till it comes near that town,. when it is confined, lor a fhort fpace, between two hills, covered with groves. Thole were luppofed to be the refidence of the Sibyl Albunea, to whom a temple here was uedicated. The river moving, w ith augmented rapidity, as T E Y T H A as its channel is confined, at Taft rufhcs, Devonfhire, NE. ofCheg- at once, over a lofty precipice ; the noife ^ford, where is a coofitierable druidical of its fall refounds through the* hills. and temple. groves of Tivoli; a -liquid cloud ariies. from the foaming water, which afterward divides into numberlefs fifiall cafcades, waters feveral orchards, and, having gam- ed the plain, flows quietly on till it lofes itfclf in the Tiber, I he elegant form of the Sybil’s temple, indicates its having been built wlien the arts were in the highed ftatc of per lection at Rome. It is feated on a point of the mountain, fronting the grand cafeade. Teversall, Nottinghamihire, near Manf- field. T ever sham t Cambridgelhire, near Fen-Ditton. Teviot, a river- which ‘ rifes tn the mountains in the $W of Roxburghlhire, and pafitng aim oft through the centre of that county, meanders beautifully through wide and fertile valhes, and' unites with the T weed, near Kelfp. Teviotdale. See Roxburgh- shire. Teur art, an ancient town of Fez. ' Teuzar, an ancient and coniulerable town of Africa, in BHedulgerid, divided into two parts by a river. It carries on a good trade,, and is feated in a country abounding in dates. Tew- Du use, Oxfordfhirc, N. of Steeple- Afton. Tew, Great and Utile, , Oxford- fhire, E. of Chapel -on -the- » eath. Tew- ing, liertforrifhirc, NW. of I ’ertingford- bury, on the river Maran, or Minerum. * Tewkesbury, a pretty large, beau- tiful, and populous town of "Gloucefter-. fli ire, has been long celebrated for its in uf lard, hut, at present, its principal ma- nufacture is that of cotton (lockings. It is pleafantiy feated at the confluence of the Severn and Avon, 10 miles-. N. of Gloucefter, and 102 WNW. of London. Tewkshill, Shropshire, NE. of Nortli Clebury. Texel, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in N. Holland, at the mouth of the Zuydcr-Zee, with a good harbour. It is feated on an ifland, which is feparateu from the continent of. Holland by a nar- row channel, through which mofr of the fhips pafs that are bound to Amfterdam. Lat. bo. B. N. Ion 4. 51. E. Tei/y They, or Teise, a river in Sufiex and ivent, running into the Beala. ley, Great and Little, Fflex, W. and NW. of 1 \ y- Marks. Tey-lS larks, Eflex, between Coggefhall and Colchefter. Teyn, a town of Bohemia, 51 miles S\V. pf Prague. Teynton, Oxfordlhire, MV. of Bur ford, Fez a, an ancient, and once popu- lous, but now decayed town of Fez, ca-. pital of the province of Cuzi. It is dill, however, the residence of a governor and garrifon, and the Jews carry on fome trade here. There is a very large mofque here, about half a mile in circumference. It is feated on a fmall river, 60 miles NNE. of Fez, and 72 SE. ofTetuan. Tf.zuco, a town of Mexico, (capital of a govemmlfct.or diftriCi) containing about 400 inhabitants, Spaniards and In- dians. it is feated on the Lake of Mexi- co, 15 miles^rom the city of that name, in lat. 20. 5. N. and Ion. 1 00. 20. W. Tezela, a town of Algiers, 15 miles SYV. of Oran. Tezout, ovTessot, a town of Fez, 35 miles S. of Melilla. Thabo R, a town of Bohemia, on a deep mountain of the fame name, fur- rounded by walls, and of difficult acceis. Thacker inton, Northumberland, SW.of Kirk- W helping ton. Thajriston, North- umberland, in Eland manor Thakatn , SulTex, N vV. of Stemng- Thakthwaite , Cumberland, in the parifh of Caftie Sow- erby. Thame, or T amt, a town of Oxford- lhire,- which gives name to the hundred. It is fituated on the river T hame, v which is navigable here by barges, i and wafhes the N. part of the town) 13 miles E. of Oxford, and 45 NW . of London. A market, well furnifned with live cattle, and all neceflarics, on Tucfday. Thames, the fined river m Great Bri- tain, which takes its fouree, according to Dr. Campbell, from 4 rivulets, which rife in the Cotfwold Hills, and connecting together, ' form one dream, near Lech- lade, which there becomes navigable for barges. But the chief lpring, ofrwbat is called Thames Lead, rifes about 4 miles SW. from Cirenccder, in Gloucederfhire. it 'has been (erroneously (aid, that t name is Ills, till it arrives at Dorchefier, 15 miles below Oxford, which, being joined by the Thame, or Tame, it afiiunes the name of the 1 hames, which, it ba^ been obferved, is formed from a combination of the words Thame and liis. V'. hat? was the origin of this vulgar error cannot now be traced, but poetical fiction has per- petuated it. “ It plainly appears,” fays Camden, “ that the river was always call- ed Thames, or Terns, before it came near the Thame ; and in feveral ancient char- ters granted to the abbey of Malmfbury, T H A T H A ns well ns that of Eniham, and in the old deeds relating to Cricklade, it is never confidered under any other name than that of Thames.” He likewife fays, that it occurs no where under the name of Ills. All the hiftorians, who mention the incur- fions of Ethelwold into Wiltlhirc, in the year 905, or of Canute, in 1016, concur likewife in the fame opinion, by declaring, that they paflsd over the Thames at Cricklade, in Wiltlhire. It is not proba- ble, moreover, that Thames- Head, an ap- pellation by which the fource has ufually been diftinguilhed, Ihould give rife to a liver of the name of His ; which river, af- ter having run half its courfe, Ihould re- aflume the name of Thames, the appella- tion of its parent fpring. About a mile below the fource of the river, is the firfl corn- mill, which is called Kemble-Mill. Here the river may properly be , faid to form a conftant current ; which, though not more than nine feet wide in the fum- mer, yet, in the w inter, becomes fuch a torrent, as to overflow the meadows for many miles round. But, in the fummer, the Thames Head is fo dry, as to appear nothing but a largedcll, interfperfed with flones and weeds. From Somerfbrd the frream winds to Cricklade, where it unites with many other rivulets. Approaching Kemsford, it .^again enters its native county, dividing it from Berklhire at In- glelham. It widens conflderably in its way to Lechlade; and being there joined by the Lech and Coin, at the diflance of 138 miles from London, it becomes navi- gable forveflels of 90 tons. At Eniham, in its courfe ' E. to Oxford, is the flrft bridge of (tone; a handfome one rtf three arches. Palling by the ruins of Godflow nunnery, the river reaches Oxford, in whofe academic groves, its poetical name of His has been fo often invoked. Being there joined by the Charwell, it proceeds SE. to Abingdon, and thence to Dorchef- ter, where it receives the l ame. Con- tinuing its courfe SE. by Wallingford to Reading, and formings a boundary to the counties of Berks, Bucks, Surry, Middle- sex, Eiiex, and Kent, it wafhes the towns of Henley, Marlow, Maidenhead, Wind- for, Eton, Egham, Staines, Lalcham, Chertfey, Wey bridge, S^epperton, Wal- ton, Sunburv, Eaft and Weft Moulfey, Hampton, Thames - Ditton, Kingfton, Teddington, Twickenham, Richmond, Ifieworth, Brentford, Kew, Mortlake, Barnes, Chifwick, Hammerfmith, Put- ney, Fulham, W andfworth, Batlerfca, Chelfea, and Lambeth. Then, on the north bank of the river, are Wcflminfler and London, and, on the opposite fide, Southwark; forming together one conti- nued city, extending to Limehoufe and Deptford; and hence the river proceeds to Greenwich, Eritb, Greenhithe, Gray’s- Thurrock, Gravefend, hand Leigh, into the"ocean- It receives, in its courfe from Dorchefler, the rivers Kennet, Loddon, Coin, Wey, Mole, Wandle, Lea, Bod- ing, Darent, and Medway. Though the Thames is faid to be navigable 138 miles above bridge, yet there are fo many flats, that in fummer, the navigation weflward would be entirely flopped, when the fprings are low, were it not for a number cf locks. But thefe are attended with confiderable expence ; for a barge from Lechlade to London pays for pafling through them, 131. 15s. 6d. and from Oxford to London 12l. l?>s. This charge, however, is in fummer only, when the water is low; and there is no lock from London Bridge to Batter’s- Lock ; that is, for 51 miles above bridge. The plan of new cuts has been adopted, in fome places, to Ihorten and facilitate the navi- gation. There is o ■ e near Lechlade, which runs nearly parallel to the old river, and contiguous to St. John’s Bridge; and there is another, a mile from Abingdon, which has rendered the old ftream, toward Culham Bridge, ufelefs. But a much more important undertaking has lately been accomplilhed, namely, the juudlion of this river with the Severn. A canal had been made, by virtue erf an adf of par- liament, in 1730, frpm the Severn to Wall-Bridge, near Stroud A new canal now afeends by Stroud, through the V r ale of Chalford, to the height of 343 feet, by means of 28 locks, and thence to the en- trance of a tunnel near Sapperton, a dis- tance of near 8 miles. This canal is 42 feet in width at top, and 30 at the bottom. The tunnel (which is extended under Sap- perton Hill and Haley- Wood, making a diflance of 2 miles and 3 furlongs) is near 15 feet in width, and can navigate barges of 70 tons. The canal, descending hence 134 feet, by 14 locks, joins the Thames at Lechlade, a diflance of above 20 miles. In the courfe of this undertaking, the ca- nal fr<3m the Severn, at Froomlade, to In- glelham, where it joins the Thames, is a diflance of more than 30 miles. .The ex-, pence of it exceeded the fum of 200,0001. of which 30001. is faid to have been ex- pended in gunpowder alone, ufed for the blowing up of the rock. This new canal was completed in 1789, in lefs than feven years from its commencement. Several canals are made,, or making, to open a communication T H A THE communication between this river and other parts of the kingdom 3 from Lon- don to Hertford and Bigglefwade 3 from Brentford, by Uxbridge, Rickmanfworth, &c. to join the Oxford canal at Braunflon; front Weybridge,. by Guilford, Godal- min, Petersfield, &c. to the fea, between Gofport and Southampton 3 to Bafing- Roke, and from thence to Southampton- Water ; by the Kennet, to Hnngerford, from Abingdon to Lechl&de; from Oxford to Coventry; fromLechlade to Stratford- upon-Avon 3 and from Lecldade to the Severn, below Gloucefier. The tide flows up the Thames as high as Richmond, which, following the winding of the river, is 70 miles from the ocean ; a greater dif- tance than the tide is carried by any other river in Europe. The water is cfteemed extremely wholefome, and fit for ufe in very long voyages, in which it will work itfelf perfectly fine. Thames, a river of the NE. coafl: of New Zealand, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Thames, a river of N. America, which runs into Lake St. Clair, in lat. 42. 45. N. Ion. '82. 10. W. Thames, a river of Connecticut. It is compofed of two principal branches, the Shetucket on the E. and the Norwich, or Little River, on the W. This laft, about a mile before its junction with the Shetucket river at Norwich, has a remark- able romantic cataraCt. From Norwich, the Thames is navigable 12 miles to Long Bland, which it enters about 4 miles below New London. Thames , Dittrn, Surry, between King- fton and Efher. Thamsbruck, or Thomasbruck, a town of Thuringia, 1G miles WNW. of Erfurt. Thandiston , alias Francion , Suffolk. Thanet, an ifland of Kent, formed by the two branches of the Stour, which cut off the NE. angle from the reft of the county. Its extent is about 9 miles from E. to W. and 8 from N. to S. The foil is fertile, producing much barley and other grain, of which above 20,000 quar- ters are lent annually to London, belides what is fold to other places, and alfo mad- der. The S. and W. parts contain rich tra&sof marfh land. Thehuibandrv of this ifle, and of E. Kent in general, has long been famous. The alga marina, or fea- weed, (what they call lea-ore) is their chief manure. This they alfo dry on the ftiore and burn, in order to make kelp of it! It contains the fea-ports of Margate and Ramfgate, and 8 other parifhes. Thcinijigton , Kent, by the Stour, a mile SW. of Canterbury. Thank hausen, a town of Suabia, capital of a lordlhip of the fame name, lituated on the river Mindel, .22 miles E. of Ulm. Tharfield , Hertfordf. lituated among the tops of finall hills, that hang over Royfton, NE. of it. Tharleby, Lincoln- fhire, S. of Bourn. Tharston, Norfolk, SE. of Windham. Thasos, an ifland of the Archipelago, anciently called tEria, or ^Ethria, and famous, even to a proverb, for its rich gold mines. It is about 12 miles in length, and 8 in breadth, produces very delicate wines and fruits, and abounds in all necefiaries, and has quarries of very fine marble. It is fituated at the entrance of the Gulf o f ConteiTa, with a town of the fame name, and a harbour, frequented by merchants, in lat. 40. 59. N. and Ion. 24. 32. E. Thatcham , Berklhire, 2 miles NE. of Newbury. Thaxted, a town of Eflex, chiefly noted for its regular, {lately church, which was built by John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaller, Lionel, duke of Clarence, Lady Clare, and William de Burgh ; its chancel, by Edward III. and its tower and lofty fpire, by Edmund, lalt earl of Marche. It is l’eated on the Chelmer, near its fource, 20 miles NW. of Chelmsford, and 43 NE. of London.. Mark, on Friday. Theale, Berklhire, on the Kennet, 4 miles W. of Reading. Thebaid, or Said, a large country of Upper Egypt, bordering on Nubia. It is the leaf! fertile, and the thinneft of peo- ple of any province in Egypt, being full of deferts, bind celebrated formerly for the retreat of a great number of Chrifti- ans, who lived here in a folitary manner. It is now chiefly inhabited by Arabs. Thebarton , Suffolk, SW. of Dunwich. Thebes, the ancient name ofacity of Upper Egypt, now called Luxor. It was formerly celebrated for having 100 gates; and there are now a great many magnifi- cent remains of the ancient city. Thebes. See Thiva. Thecam , Northunib. NW. of Coren- lide. Theddinguorthy Lfeicef. NW. of Harborough, 7 heddlesthorp, and' Thed- dksthorpy St. Helen's and St. Andrew's , Line, near Saltfleet-. Thedilthorp , Line. SW. of Saltfleetby. Thekeston , York- fhire, near Bcdal. Ihelesjord , Warw. N. of Chalcot. Thelnelham , or Felt ham , Suffolk, W. of Redgrave. Thclton, Nor- folk, between Difs and Harlellon. Thel~ wall, Chelhire, by the Merfey, near War- rington. T«ema$, THE Th£mar, a town of Henneburg, in Franconia, fituatcd on the Werra. Thenfordy Northampt. near Aftrop. The Moat, Kent, near Maidftone. The Mocity Kent, near Ighthnm. Theobald's, Herts, by the New River, in Chefhunt parifh, 12 miles N. of London. Here was a magnificent feat and gardens, pur- chafed, or rather exchanged, for the ma- nor of Hatfield, with lord Burleigh, by king James I. who enlarged the park on the W. fide of the village, with a wall 10 miles round, often vifited it for the pleafurc of hunting in Enfield Chafe, Epping Foreft, &c.and, at laft, died.»here. Jts great park, partly in this county, and partly in Middlefex, is now converted into farms, and the fmall remains of its palace were demolifhed in 1765. Thengen, a town which gives name to a principality of Suabia. ft is fituatcd on the river Hegau, bordering on the Swifs Canton of SchafFhaulen, 22 miles NW. of Confiance. The non, a town in the dept, of the Dordogne, 15 miles E. of Periguenx. Theodosia. See Caffa. Theram, Cornwall, NE. of Helfion. Thereck, Cornw. SW . of Bodmin. The- resby , Lincolnfhire, \V . of Saltfleet-Ha- ven. Theresthorp , Lincolnfhire, N. of Alford. There sway, Lincolnfhire, SE. of Caftor. Therlesbouch , Derbyfhire, in the Peak, near the 3 fh i re- f tones. Thermia, an ifland of the Archipe- lago, near the Gulf of Engia, about 12 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. It is not fo mountainous as fome of the other iilands. and is fo called from its abound- ing in hot fprings. The foil is very good, when well cultivated, and produces a great deal of barley, wine, and figs, with fine filk, cotton, wax, and honey. Par- tridges are in great plenty. The prin- cipal town, of the fame name, contains 15 or 16 churches, and feveral convents, and is the refidence of a Greek bifhop. The Greek inhabitants of the ifland are computed at 16,000. Lat. 37. 31. N. Ion. 24. 59. E. Thervertort , Devonfhire, NE. of Crcdi- ten. Thereerton , or Thaverion , Devon- fhire. N. of Exeter, and on the fame river, is a great thoroughfare. Thessaly. SccJanna. * Th etford, a town in Norfolk, con- taining feveral fireets of well-built houfes, but the ftreets are not paved, ft was for- merlv the metropolis of the kingdom of the Eafi Angles; and in the 12th century, the fee of a bifhop, and a place of great note, when ithad2u churches, of which T II I only two now remain, 5 markets, fireets, befides lanes, 6 hofpituls, and 8 monafieries, feveral ruins of which are yet vifible. ’Flie town then lay wholly on the Suffolk fide of the river, which now contains but a few houfes. It had for- merly alfo ~a mint, which has ' produced a great number of Anglo Saxon and Eng- lifh coins, from the tupe of Athelftan. The chief inagifirate found here at the Norman contjuefl, was filled a conful ; from whence fome fuppofe it to have been a Roman town The Lent aflizes forthe county are held in its Guildhall, & fine old building of black flint. The chief manufacture is in wool combing, woollen cloth, and paper. It is fituatcd in a pleafant, open country, on two na- vigable rivers, the Thet and Lefier Oufe, (the former of which runs through the town, and divides Suffolk from Nor- folk, and the latter was rendered na- vigable to Lynn, by an adf of parliament, in the reign of Charles II.) 29 miles SW. ©f Norwich, SO miles SSE. of King’s- Lynn, and' 80 NNE. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday, Thetford, Cambridgelhire, SE. of Ely. They don, Buis, Garnon, and Mont, Efiex. three villages in Epping Forefi, W. of the Rodings. Thi an court, a town in the dept, of the Meurte, 15 miles SW. of Metz. Thiberville, atown in the dept, of the Eure, 9 miles E. of Lifieux. Thibet, or Great Thibet, a large country of Alia, confidered by moft geo- graphers as part of Tartary, and extend- ing from the fource of the Indus to the borders of China, and from Ilindooftan to the deferts of Cobio. The length from E. to W. is about 1500 miles, and the breadth unequal and not known. This country is one of the highefi in Afia ; it being a part of that elevated tra£f which gives rife not only to the rivers of India and China, but alfo to thole of Siberia and Tartary. It is divided into three parts, Upper, Middle, and Lower Thibet. The Upper lies toward the fources of the Ganges and Burrampooter ; the Middle is that in which Lalfa, the capital, is fituatcd ; and the Lower, that which borders on China. Little Thibet is fituated between Upper Thibet and Caihgur, and is rather a de- pendency of the latter than of Great Thi- bet. Confidering the exceedingly rough and fieril fiate of the country of Thibet, and the feverity of its climate, from its wonderful elevation ; it is aftoniflfing. Major llennel obferves, to find its inha- bitants in a high %te of civilization ; their T H I T H I their houfes lofty and built of ftone ; and the ufeful manufactures in fome degree of improvement. _ All thefe advantages they probably owe to their vicinity to the Chi- nefe. The Thibetians are governed by> the grand lama, or delai lama, who is not only fubmitted to by them, but is alfo the fovereign pontiff' of numberlefs tribes of Tartars, in Chinefe and independent Tar- tary. Pripces, as well as the meaneft of the people, are affiduous in paying their court to the great lama, and fubmit to the fame debafing, fervile ceremonies'. He never returns any l'alute ; never pulls oft' his hat ; nor ever ftirs from his feat ; (a large and magnificent culhion, placed on a kind of altar, on which he fits crofs- legged) he only lays his hands upon the heads of his fuperftitious adorers, who thereby fancy thev obtain the remiflion of all their fins. They are perfuaded that To lives in him ; that he knows, fees, and ttnderftands all things, without afking any queftions, or receiving any information ; and that if at any time he does fo, it is merely for form’s fake, and in order to leave the infidel and ill-defigning no room to complain. In a word, they be- lieve him to be immortal, and endowed with all knowledge and virtue. Every year they come from different, parts to worftiip, and make rich offerings at his Ihrine. Even the emperor of China, who is of a 'Tartar race, does wot fail to ac- knowledge the lama, in his religious ca- pacity, although, as a temporal fovereign, the lama himfelf is, in |wne refpccis, tri- butary to that emperor. 'The opinion of the molt orthodox 'Thibetians is, that when the grand lama feems to die, either of old age or infirmity, his foul, in reality, only quits a crazy habitation, to look for another younger or better ; and it is dif- covered again in the body of fome child, by certain tokens knowm only to the la- mas or piiefts, in which order he always appears, hi 1774, the grand lama was an infant, who had been difoovered fome time before by the tayolhoo lama, who, in authority and fandfity of character, is next to the grand lama, and, during his minority, adls as chief. Thefe- lamas, who form the mod numerous, as well as, the meft powerful body in the ftate, ap- pear to have the priefthood entirely in their hands; and moreover, they fill up many monaftic orders, which are held in great veneration among them. The refi- dence of the grand lama is at Patel i, or Putala, a vaft palace, on a mountain, near the banks of the Burrampooter, about 7 miles from Lafta. Befidcs the great lama, who is the head of their religion, and fo- vereign. of Thibet, there are other princes in the country, who have^cities and, many fubje&ts under them ; thefe wear the lama habit, and are called officers of the great lama, though they are only fubject to him as far as they themfelves pleafe. in many places are large pagodas, in which- the lamas of diftinction refide. 'The reli- gion of Thibet has, in fome refpe£h>, a great affinity to that of the Indian Bra- mins. The Thibetians have a great ve- neration for the cow, and highly refpecl alfo the waters of the Ganges, the fource of which they believe to be in heaven. The Sunriiaffes, or Indian pilgrims, often vifit Thibet as a holy place; and the lama always maintains a body of 2 or 300 of them in his pay. The temporal go- vernment of Thibet, however, has not been always poffefied by the great lama. At the beginning of the laft century, Thibet was ruled by a king, and the ter- ritories fubje£t to the great lama were not very large. The fort of Dellama- colla, which commands the principal pafs through the Bootan Mountains, being taken by ftorm by captain Jones, in 1773j the fame of this exploit induced the Thi- betians to fend an embaiiy to the Bengal government, and in 1774, the Englifti Eaft India Company made a treaty with the lama. Thickbroom , Staffordfhire, SE. of Lich- field, on a river that runs into the Tame. Thick ley, E. and IV. Durham, S. of Bi- Ihop Auckland. Thiel, or Tiel, a town of Guelder- land, fituated in a fmall ifland called Tie- ler Weert, on the N. fide of the Wa- hal, in a marftiy country, the air of which is reckoned unwholefome, 15 miles W. of Nimeguen. Thiers, a town in the dept, of the Puy de Dome, famous for its ftatuary, hardware, cutlery, paper, cards, &c. It is fo remarkably feated bn the fide of a hill, that on which ever fide it is viewed, one half of the town is never feen, from which circumftance it is faid to derive its name, and is 22 miles E. of Clermont. Thimb/eby, Lin coin f. NW. of Horn- caftle. Thimbltfhorp , Norfolk, near Repe- ham. Tliimuni , Northumb. in Hertelhe- ved. Thingdon, or l inden, Northamp- ton (hire, NVV. of Higham Ferrers Thing - wall, Chelhire, near Woodchurch, be- tween the Dee and Merfcy. T hint oft t Yorkfhire, near Northallerton. Thionville, a confiderable town in the, dept, of Mol'elle, once the refidence of the kings of Auitralia. It was taken by T H I bv the Prince of Condo, in 1643, after the battle of Rocrpy, and finally ceded to France by the treaty of the Pyrenees, it is advantageoufly heated on the river Mo- felle, over which it has a bridge, defended by a horn- work, 14 miles N. of -Metz, and 195 NNE. of Paris. ThirJdeby , Yorkf. nearThirik. Thirhle- bij , Yorkf. NE. of Northallerton. Thirle- bu, Yorkf. SW. of Helmcfley. Tkirlesby , York fit ire, NE. of Thirlk. ThirwaU - Castle , Northumberland, NE. of Bramp- ton, on the Picls Wall, where it cfoffes the Tippil, near the irthing, on the bor- ders of Cumberland. Here the Scots made gaps in the wall to for.ee their paf- fageinto England, from which gaps, this part of it was called Thirlwall j the Saxon fignifying the fame as the w r ords mums perforates , in Latin. The call lc which Hands clofe by the N. fide of the wall, is about 20 yards long, and 12 broad, with walls 9 feet thick ; it has been curioufly vaulted underneath, and on the top are 6 little turrets. The floor of one of the- apartments was lately cleared, and difeo- vered to be of lingular confirmation, con- fiding of 3 tiers of flags, laid upon fand. The only light admitted, is through aper- tures as narrow as thole in the fiair-ca fe of ancient eddies. The whole ftrudlure, indeed, carries the appearance of a horrid, gloomy dungeon. * Thirsk, a finall town in the N. Riding of Yorkthire, with a fpacious market-place. It is 20 miles NW. of York, and 220 N. by W. of London. Market on Monday. Thirst on, E. and IV. Northumb. near the river Cocfuet, SW. of Warkworth. Thisselton, Rutland, in the road from York to Stamford. This! end-ale , Yorkf. SW. of York-M oulds. This detail, Lan- cafhire, NW. ofKirkham. 'T'histleuvrlh; fee Isleworth. Thiva, or Stibes, anciently Thebes, an ancient and celebrated town of Greece, in Livadia, with a bifhop’s fee. it was formerly very large, and,yet is 3 miles in circumference, but full of ruins. The prefent walls appear very ancient, and have lquare towers at convenient dis- tances, built of hewn Hone, with rrreat regularity and exa6tnefs. The houfes are higher, and better built, than is uiual in other towns of Greece. It contains 4 or 500 ( . inhabtants, who are half Turks and ha t (. hrftians. It is now famous for a fine fort of white clay, of v.hich they make bowls for pipes after the Turkilh faihion. They are never burnt, but dry naturally, ana become as hard as a ftonc. T H O Here are two mofques, and feverat Greek churches. The air of the country about I lu bes is ■ tmek and foggy^ \vhoncp the inhabitants of ancient Bceotia were ac- counted dull and phlegmatic. It is Situ- ated on a riling ground, between two final l rivers, iupppied to be the I fin en us and Dirce of the ancients, 28 miles WNW. of Athens, and 290 SW. ofCon- fiantinople. Thoby, Eflex, in Mountnaifing parifh. Thoissey, a town in the department of Ain, with a handfome college. It is lituated in a fertile country, near the ri- vers Saone and Chalerone, 20 miles W. of Bourg, and 200 SE. of Paris. Tholthorp , Rutland, NW. of Stamford. Thomas, St. an ifland of Africa, ly- ing under the equator in 8 deg E. Ion., It was (.'Hoovered in 1460,, and belongs to the Portuguefe. It is almoft round, "and is about 30 miles in circumference. The climate is hot, moifi, and unwholefome for Europeans, although the natural inha- bitants often complete a full century. The foil is well-watered with frelh rivers and rivulets, and amazingly fertile, producing the fruits of every denomination of the warm climates, in the utmoft perfe&ion, with little labour or expence. It abounds alfo with a variety of animals, tame and wild. The rivers, as well as the fur- rounding fca, are Hocked with an incre- dible variety offifli, from the whale dowra to the fmalleft fifh that fwims. It confiHs chiefly of hills intermixed with vallies, which in their rainy, or rather foggy fea- fens, are conflantly filled with a thick, fetid, fultvy fog, intolerable to Euro- peans. However, it agrees perfectly well with the cattle, which are larger and finer here than on the Gold Coafi of Guinea. In a'word, the ifland might equal any fpot on the globe, did the temperature correfpond with the abundance of its trees, plants, fhrubs, fruits, and animals, as well as the diverfity and beauty of the landfcapes. Thomas, St. Cornwall, near Launcef- ton. Thomas, St. Devonshire, SW. of Exeter. Thomas, Sti 1 ; erts, 2 mile's from Ickiand. Thomas , St. near Stafford. Thomas. See Tomar. *■ Ho mas, St a Hatcly tovwn or city of Hindooftan, on the coafi of Coromandel, eredled by the Portuguefe, partly on the ruins, and partly in the neighbourhood of Mel ia pour, or Mailabour, once a power- ful city, it was formerly and is Hill 'in- habited by weavers and dyers, and is noted for making the be.fi coloured fluffs in In- dia. The excellence of the dye, is attri- buted to the peculiar quality of the wa- t Cf, THO ter, which arifes out of fp rings, in white, fandy ground, without any intermixture of day. St. Thomas the Apoftle, was buried, it is laid, here ; the Portuguefe pretend to Ihew his fepulchre on the top of a neighbouring mountain, over which they h^ive built a chapel that ferves as a landmark to velfels at fea. The city had 7 gates, and was naturally very ftrong'j yet the Moors took it after a long fiege, and are ftill in poffeflion. The road is very fafe from April to September, when the S. and SE. winds blow, but not in the other feafon. it is about 3 miles S. of Madras. Thomas, St. an ' ifland of the Weft Indies, the principal of the Virgin iflands, about 18 miles in circumference. It abounds with millet, manioc, potatoes, and mod forts of fruits and herbage, es- pecially Sugar and tobacco. Here are ex- cellent kids, and a great variety of wild fo^vl, but from the number of people, and great plenty of money here, provisions are ufually dear. Here is a fafe and com- modious harbour, with two natural mounds upon it, calculated, as it were, Sor placing two batteries for the defence ©f its entrance. Nearly in the centre of the harbour is a Snail fort, without ditch or outworks. About 50 or 60 paces W. of it the town begins, which confifts chiefly of one ftreet, w'ith the Danilh fac- tory at the end, a large building, with convenient warehoufes for the ftowage of goods, and the reception of flaves, in which article they trade with the Spa- niards. On the right fide of this factory is the Brandenburg quarter, as it is called, confifling of two little ftreets, full of French refugees from Europe and the other i (lands, under the protedlion of the Danes Moft of the houfes are of brick, being built and tiled in the Dutch fafhi- on, yet but of one ftory, on account of (be foundation, where before they dig to the depth of 3 feet, they meet with water and quickfands. The trade of this ifland, particularly in time of peace, is very con- siderable, it being the llaple for fuch traffic as the French, Englilh, Dutch, and Spaniards dare not carry on publicly in their own i Hands ■, and in war, the pri- vateers commonly bring their prizes hither for fale. In 1688, the Danifti factory here was attacked and plundered by the French buccaneers. Lat. 18. 22. N. Ion. 64. 50. W. Thomas, St. a town of Cumana, in S. America, a town of Guatinrala, in Mexico, a town of S. Carolina, 21 miles N. of Charles Town, and a town of the T it o ifland of Cuba, 130 miles WSW. of the Havannah. Thomas- Street, in Rofcominon, Con- naught. Thomysl&u'n, in Tipperary, M under. * Tho m a s f o w N, a town of Kilkenny^ in Leinfler, feated on a final] river that runs into the NoPe, 8 miles SE. of Kil- kenny, and 58 SW. of Dublin. Thomond, an ancient diftridl of Ire- J land, containing the prefent county of Clare, in Munfter. Thane , a river in Somerfetlhire, which paffes by Taunton . Tho non, a town in the dept, of Mont Blanc, capital of Chablais, feated on the Lake of Geneva, 18 miles NE. of Ge- neva. Thoraldby , Yorkfhire, on the Tees, S. of. Stockton. Thoresby , Lincolnf. near Burwell. The waters defeending from the neighbouring hills join here, and form a conftderable ftream, which dif- charges itfelf into the ocean at Salt- fleet. Thorganby , Lincolnfhire, be- tween Market-Raifin and Grimfby. Thor- ganby, Yorkfhlre, between Cawood and ! Pocklington. Thorington , Eflex, N\V. of St. Ofyth. Thorington , Suffolk, S. of ji Blithborough. Thorktey , Northumberb ? W. of Newcaftle. Thorley, Ifle of Wight, in Weft. Medina. Thorley-Hall , Hert- fordfhire, with a caufey that leads to Bi- (hop’s-Stortford. Thormanby , Yorkf. SE. of Thirlk. Thormarton , Gloucef- terlhire, near Circncefter. Thorn , De- vonffiire, in Thornhury parifh. Thorn, a city of Weftern Pruflia, for- I merly hanfeatic, the chief city of Po- ‘ lifh Pruffia, ftrongly fortified, and of very < confiderahle trade, hut from the river ) becoming wider, and confequently dial- 1 lower, with other misfortunes, it has de- clined from its flourilhing condition. Its foap and gingerbread are ftill in great re- qu eft, and great quantities of them are ex- ported. In 1793, the Pruffian troops took pofleffion of Thorn, from which time it has been annexed to the dominions of that king. It is feated on the river Vis- tula, over which is a remarkable bridge, 70 miles S. of Dantzick. Thorn, Devonf. in Thornbury parilh. Thorn and Park, Yorkf. W. of Scarho* rough. Thornaby, Yorkf. SE. of Stock- ton- upon-Tees. Thornage , Norfolk, SW. of Holt. Thornalby, Yorkfhire, SW. of Midlam. Thornay Island, Hants, at the mouth of Chichefter Harbour. Thorney Island, in a bay of the 1 Englifh Channel, on the coaft of Suflex, at the mouth of the river Lavant. It is 1 about THO THO about 4 miles in circumference, and has a village of the fame name. Thornborough , near Buckingh. Thorn- borough, Y orkf. N E. cf Mafham. Thorn- burn , Northumb. E. ofYarrpw. Thorn- burg, Devon f. near Shepwafh. Thorn- bun/, Gloucefrerf. NW. of Broomyard. Thorneury, a town of Glouceircr- fhire, feated near the Severn. 24 miles SSW. of Glouceller, and 121 W. ofLon- don. Market on Saturday. Thornby , Northamp. near Cold Afhby. Thorncliff , Stalk NE. of Leek. Thorn- comb, Devonf. NE. of Axminfler. Thorn- cot, Bedfordf. near North Hill. Tliornden, Kent, between Whitftaple, Hern, and Swalecliff. Thornden, Kent, near Frendf- bury. Thorndon, Suffolk, S. of Eye. Thorndon, Warw. in Nether Eatington parifh. Thorndon, E. and If. Effex, be- tween Brentwood and Horndon-on-the Hill. Thorne, a populous and improving town in the W. Riding of Yorkfhire. The marfh lands, or turf- moor fens, to the E. and NE. of this town, have been lately inclofed. The marlhes alio have been drained, and the ground much funk, by a cut, 10 miles in length, from this place to Gowle, or Gowld-Hall. It is fituated on the river Don, SI miles S. of York, and 166 N. of London. Market on Wednefday. Thorne , Li n coin f. near the Dun, in Ax- holm- Hie. Thorne, Somerf. has a bridge over the Parret to Muchney-Illand. Thorne , Somerfetf. near Yeovil. Thorne, Fawcon , Somerf. near Taunton. Thorne, St. Margaret's, Somerf. SW. of W elling- ron. Thorner , Yorkf. W. of Bramham- Moor. Thornerlet , Durham, NW. of Ila- venfworth. Thornes, Staff, near Shen- fton. Thorney, Northamp. NE. of Pe- terborough. Thorney, Nott. NE. of Nor- manton. Thorney, Suffex, near Selfey. Thorney- Abbey , Camb. NW. of Ely, for- merly called Ankeridge, from the An- chorets monaflery, which the ■ Danes de- ft royed. W r illiam of Malnffbury fays* that Bedford Level, in which this abbey is fituated, though fince overflowed by the fea, was, in his time, the very picture of paradife, abounding with tall trees, ver- dant meadows, richly interfperfed with orchards, vineyards, and fine buildings. The town has a trifling market. Thorney , Lanes, Staff. E. of Paget’s Bromley. Thorney, Lee, Staff. N. of Marbrook. Thorney, Magna, J.flc of Wight, in VV eft Medina. Thornjord , Dorleifhire, 2 miles and a half SW. of Sherborn. Thorn- grajton , Northumb. near Beltingham. Thorngumbold , Yorkfhire, S. of Headon. Thornham, Kent, 2 miles and a half NE. of Maidftone. Thornham, Lincolnfhire, NW. of Glandford-Bridge. Thornham, Norfolk, SE. of St. Edmund’s Chapel and Point. Thornham, Parva, Suffolk, near Eye. Thornham Tower, Northum- berland, W. of Rothbury. Thornhaugh, Northampton, near Wansford-Bridge. Thornhill, Dorfetfbire, W. of Stourmin- fier. Thornhill, StafFordfhirc, NE. of Pa- get’s Bromley, Thornhill, Y orkf. near Warkefield. -Thornhill, a town of Dumfriesfhire, where fairs are held, chiefly for woollen yarn, and coarie woollen fluffs, ft is fitu- ated on the river Nith, 15 miles N. by W. of Dumfries. Thornholm, Yorkfhire, near Kilham. Thornhope, Northumb. near Kirkhaugh. Thornley , Durham, between Durham and Hartlepool. Thornthorp, Yorkfhire, S„ of New Malton. Thornthwaite, Cuinb. near Kefwick. Thornthwaite -Forest and Hall, Weftin. SW. of Rofgill. Thorn- thwaite, Yorkf. W. of Ripley. Thorn- ton, Bucks, between Stony- Stratford and Buckingham. Thornton, Chefh. on a branch of the Gowy. Thornton, Durham, 3 miles from Stockton. Thornton, or Thorton, Dorfetf. near Marnhull, Thorn- ton, Lane, in Poulton parifh, in Ainoun- dernefs. Thornton, Leicef. near Bag- worth . Thornton, Line, near Horncaftle. Thornton , SSE. of Barrow and Barton upon Humber, had an abbey, of which the gate-houfe is ftill perfect, as is a rich carved wooden gate, of Gothic work. Over the gate are feveral ftatues and two rooms, and four hexagon towers at the angles. it appears to have been very magnificent anol ex ten five,- and was a complete piece of ancient fortification, furrounded with deep ditches and high ramparts, to keep off pirates and robbers, Thornton College, on a river that runs to the Humber, was ere£fed.with forne of the referved cflate of the monaflery. Thornton, Northumberl. W. of Alnwick- Thorntcn, Yorkf. SW. of Pocklingtou. Thornton, Yorkfhire, near Sheriff Hutton. Thornton, Yorkf. SE. of Thirfk. Thorn- ton, Yorkfhire, near Malton. Thornton , Yorkfhire, SE. of Pickering. Thornton , Yorkf. NE. ofYarum. Thornton, Yorkf, SW. of Bradford. Thornton, Yorkf. near Skipton, in Craven. Thornton, Bishop, Yorkf. N. of Ripley. Thornton, Child, r f Chefhire, E. of Nefton. Thornton, E>. and If. Northumberland. W. of Morpeth* Thornton -Hough, Chef, between the Dee and Merfcv. Thorton- in- Lonsdale, Y orkf. 2 D ' W. of T II O T II R W. of Langftredale Chace. Thornton-in- the Beans, York!. SE. of North ailerton. Thor nton-in~the- Moor , Yorkf. NW. of Thirlk. Thornton-in- the- Street, Yorkf. N. of Thirfk. Thornton Rust, Yorkf. SE. of Aikrig. Thor /don Stewart, Yorkfhire, E. ofMidlam. Thornton W atlas, Yorkf. NE. of Malham. Thornwood, Eft ex, W. of the Lavers. T hr old's Hall, Effex, S. of the Rodings- Thorolon , Nott. SE. of Bingham, iftands on the little river Snite, which runs into the Trent at Newark. Thorp , Derbyfhire, SW. of Wirkfworth. Thorp , Dorletf. half a milteS. of Notton. Thorp, Durham, NVV, of Stockton- np- on-Tees. Thorp, Eifex, near Tendrihg. Thorp , Leicef. SE. of Hinckley. Thorp, Lincobafhire, near Wamflect. Thorp, Lincolnf. W. of Tatterfbal. Thorp, Nor- folk, G miles SW. of Yarmouth. Thorp, near Norwich. Thorp, Northamp. NE. of Thrapfron. Thorp, Northamp. a mile from Ofdwincle. Thorp, Nott. SE. of Gotham. Thorp, Nottingb. a hamlet of Matterfey. Thorp , Nott. -hy Newark. Thorp, Rutland, in Sty ton pari fh Thorp, Staff. NE. of' Tamworth. Th rp , Suffolk, in Aldring- Iiam, parifh. Thorp, Suffolk;, N. of Aid- borough. Thorp, Suffolk, NWf of Btl- berfton. Thorp, Suffolk, E. of Debenham. Thorpe, urry, near Egham. Thorp , Warw. near Soittham. Thorp, Yorkfhire, NE. of Kilhaih. Thorp, Yorkf. SE. of jPocklington. Thorp, Yorkf. near How- den. Thorp, Yorkf. SE. of Rarnard-Caf- tle- Thorp, YYrkfhire, near Richmond. Thofp, Y' rkfhire, near Rippon. Ihorp, Yorkf. NVV. of Rotheram. Thorp Ab- bot' s, Norfolk, SW. of Harlefbm Thorp - Acre, Leicef. NW. of Loughborough. Thorp- Arch, Yorkf. 2 miles from \Ve- therhy, is a.mahor, hounded on the S. and W, for 4 miles and a half together, with the river Wherfe. Thorp Arnold, Lei- cef. SW. of Waltham 1 - on-the- Would. Thorp-Basset , Y orkf. NE. of New Mal- ton. Thorp-Bishop's, Yorkf. E. Riding. Thorp Black, Ox ford f Nik of Amerfden, Thorp Butmer, Durham, NYV. of Har- tlepool. Thrrp-Cpnstanline, Staffordf. Hear Clifton-Camville. Thorp, East, Ef- fex, between Kelvedon and Colchcfter. Thorp- Harris, Yoikf N.W. of Rippon. Thorp-in the- Fallow, NYV. of Lincoln. Thorp 'Land, Norfolk, S. of Great W al- fingham. Thorp, Little, Durham, near Eafington and the coaft. Thorp- Lodge, Eifex,' SE. of Tcndring. Thorp, or Long Thorp, Northampt. between C after and Peterborough, a feat, now or late of Sir Robert Bernard. Here are feveral coloflal tfhitucs of great antiquity, in marble. North Walfham. Thorp Melsworth, | Northampt. near Kettering. Thorp-on- jffl the- Elill', Yorkf. S. of Leeds. At a : neighbouring place, called Lingwell I Yate, certain clay moulds were found, in 1697, which, hy the impreftion, are.E fuppofed to have been invented for coun- | terfeiting Roman coins. Thorp- o-n-the- Jj| Mount, SW. of Lincoln. Ihorp -Tarver, 1 Norfolk, SW. of Harlefton. Thorp-Row , Yorkfhire, NE. of Mafham. Thorp- ;| Sachfield, Leicef. SW. of Melton- Mow-, ) bray. ’ Thorp-Salvia, Yorkf. SE. of Ro- theram. Thorp Stapleton, Thorp juxta- Aqua/u, or Thorp-Hall, Yorkf. . Rid- a ing. The Roman Via YBcinalis, leading from the great military road on B ram- ham Moor, is viiible here. Thorp-Under- ■ wood, Northampt. near Roth well. Thorp- 1| Willoughby , Yorkf. near Selby. Thorset Hall, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Thouars, a confiderable town in they ; dept, of the Two Sevres. The caftle of* | its ancient dukes, at one- end of the town, ; is feated on a rock, furrounded by walls 12 tV ' feet in height, which, frbm the whitenefs 6f the ftone, might be fuppofed not more I than 10 years old. It is feated on the ri- ver Thoue (which ru-ns into the Loire, a little below the town of St. Florcnt) 32 miles SSE. of Angers, and 162 SW. of Paris. Thowersby, Nottingb. on the MedenJ I W. of Tux ford. Thrcindeslon, Suffolk, j NW. of Eye. Thrapston, a town of Northamp- i tonfhire, feated on the river Nen, over r which it has a handfomc bridge, (and ' which having been made navigable by i parliament, Ix>at9 came up to it for the ' firft time in November, 1737) in a pica- . fant valley, with good water, air, and foil, well adapted as a retreat for one who chutes a country life, 18 miles NE. of Northampton,' and 75 NNYV. of Lon- J don. Market on Tuefday. Thrastonby , Yorklhire, near Scarbo- rough. Thraxton, Norfolk, W. of Wat- ton. Threap load, Cumberland, a hamlet in the parifn of Torpenhow. Three Castle Head, on the coaft of Cork, Manlier, near Mizcn-Head. ■ Three Hills Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean, S. of Mallieollo. It is about 12 miles in ; circumference. Three Lords , Carmarthcnfhirc, in S. | Wales. _ 'Three Kings, an illand in the S. Pa- j cific Ocean, rear the N. coaft of New i Zealand* THU THU Zealand, difcovered by Tafman Lat. S4 12. S. Ion. 172. 12. E. Three-Mile Water, in Carrickfergus- Bay, in Down, Ullter. Three-Sisters, three remarkable hills on the ifthinus be- tween Smerewick and Ferritor’s-Creek, in Kerry, M uniter. Thrdkeld, Cumberl. NE. of Kefwick. Thresh field, Yorkf. W. Riding, on the ri- ver Wherfe, NW. of Barden-Tower. Thriberg, Yorkf. on the Dun, oppofiie to Rowmarfh. Thrickby, Norfolk, W. of Caftor. Thrimby, Weftm. in Mor- land pavifh. Thrin, a river in Norfolk, which runs into the fea at or near Yar- mouth. Thrihkston , Leicefterf. E. of Aftiby- de-la- Zouch. Thirsthorp, Line. SW. of Market- Raifin. Throcking , Herts, near Bunilngford. Throcklow, or Throple , Northumb. W. of Morpeth. Throggy, a river in Monmouthlhire, which runs into the Severn at Trinity- Chapel, about four miles SW. of Chepftow. Throgmorton, Worceftcrf. in the parifh of Fladbury and Vale of Evefham. Throp, Dorfetf. near Piddicton. Thropton, oxThropleton, Nor- th umberl. W. of Rothbury, Throsselton , Devonf. on the Thrufhel, NE. of Lifton. Throston, Upper and Lower, Durham, W. of Hartlepool. Throwley, Devonf. on the Taw, N ofChegford. Throwley, Kent, 4 miles S. of Feverlham Throwley, Staff, near Waterfall, where the river Manifold receives the Hanfe out of the ground. Throxton , Northumberl. W. of Rithbury. Thrumpton, Nott. at the conflux of the Trent and Soar, SW. of Nottingham. Thrushel , a river in Devonfhire, which runs into the Tamar, oppofite Launcefton. Thruslington, Durham, NE. of Bifhop- -Auckland. Thrustfield, Staff, between Molocop-Hiil and Talk-on-the-Hill. Thrusthorp, Lincolnshire, N. of Alford. Thruxton, Hampfhire, nearWeyhill. Thuin, a town of Liege, feated on the river Sambre, 8 miles SW. of Charleroy. Thule. See Fula. Thule, a river of Glamorganfliire, which runs into the Lloghor, near its mouth. Thule, Southern, a part of Sand- wich Land, in the S. Atlantic Ocean, difcovered by captain Cook in 177b. It is high and mountainous, and was entirely covered with fnow in the beginning of February, which anfwers to Auguft i’n the northern hcmifphere. It lies in lat. 69. 54. S. Ion. 27. 40. W. which being the inoft foutherly land yet difcovered, gave occafion for its name. Thun, a pretty large town of Bern, in Swifferland, with a caftle, where the avoyer refutes. This is the place where they embark on the river Aar for Bern. It contains about 1200 inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in fpinning and card- ing filk for the manufadlures at Bafil, and is feated at the NW. extremity of the lake of the fame name, partly in a fma’; illand and partly on a hill, 20 miles SE. of Bern. Thun, a lake in Bern, Swiflerland, about 12 miles long and 2 and a half broad. To judge by the fteepnefs of the lofty mountains by which it is bounded, it mull be very deep. The borders are richly variegated, and prefent feveral fine points of view, greatly heightened by many ragged rocks riling boldly from the edge of the Water. It abounds with dif- ferent kinds of filh, and the river Aar pafles through it. .Thunder Bay, a bay about 9 miles broad, at the NW . corner of Lake Huron, in N. America; fo called from the fre- quent thunder that is heard there. Thunder field, Surry, near Horley. Thundersley, Efl'ex, near Walden. Thun - dersley, Ettex, SW. of Rayleigh. Thuti- dridge, Hertfordf. 2 miles NE. of Ware, and S. of the river Rib. Thunnock, a mile N of Gainfborough, now or late the feat of the Hickman family. Thur, a river of Swifl'erland, which rffes in the S. part of the county of Tog- genburg, and runs into the Rhine, about 7 miles SSW. of Schafl haufen. Thurcaston, Leicef. S. of Mohntforrel. Here they {hew the houfe where bifhop Latimer was born. Thureshy, Cumberl. between Wigton and Carlifle. Thurgar- ton, Nottingh. S. of Southwell. Thurgau, a very ancient landgra- viatc of Swifi'erland, which lies along the river Thur, bounded on tire E. by the lake of Conftance, on the N. by Suabia, and the fame lake, on the S. by St. Gal, and on the W. by the cantons of Zurich and Schafi'haufcn. It is the largcll bailiwick in Swiflerland, as well as the moil plea- fant. The country is extremely popu- lous and well cultivated, containing 6 towns, with feveral handfomc burghs, a great number of chateaux, and more than 170 villages. About one third of the in- habitants are catholics, fubjecl, in eccle- fi ait: cal affairs, to the bifhop of Conftance. The territorial fovereignty belongs to the eight ancient cantons of Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, Schvveitz, Underwalden, Lug, and Claris, who fend a bailiff here alter- nately ; and fince the year 1449, the can- tons of Freyburg and Soleure have alfo obtained a feat in its criminal court. Frau- enfield is the capital. *D2 Thurgoland TIIU T I B Thurgoland, Y orkf. SW. ofBarnefley. Thuringia, a circle of Upper Saxony, forming the N. part of the landgraviate of the fame name. It is about 73 miles in length, and 75 in breadth, containing 60 towns, and 674 villages. It is well wa- tered by feveral rivers, and exports a great part of its natural productions, which are excellent wheat, fine timber-.wood, wines, fennel, anife, faflor, horfes, horned cattle, and fheep. The modern Thuringia lies nearly between the rivers Swale and Wer- ra, but the ancient country extended to the Elbe, and comprifed a large fhare of Franconia, Hefl'e, Se c. In the 6th cen- tury, it was fubjedted by the Franks and Saxons, who divided it into N. and S. North Thuringia was, at length, annexed to Eaftphalia, or the eaftern part of the county of Saxony. Since the 13th cen- tury, the margraves of Meiflen, who after- wards became electors of Saxony, have been in poileffion of the landgraviate. In the 1 1th century it had dukes, counts. Sec. Thurland, Lane, a little above Hornby- Caftle, on the fame river, ft communi- cates with all the late inland navigations. Thurlaston , Warwickshire,* SE. of Dun- more- Heath. Thurlebar , Cornwall, near Stratton. Thurlepot , Cumberland, near Kefwick. * Thurles, a town of Tipperary, in M under, feated on the river Suir, which divides it into nearly two equal parts, 70 miles SW. of Dublin. Thur lesion, SE. of Derby. Thnrleston , Devonfhire, near Kingfbridge. Thurley , 4 miles from Bedford. Thurlmere , a river in Cumb. which runs from a lake of the fame name, into the Darwent, near Kef- wick. Thur low, Magna and Parva , SufF. on the Stour, N. of Haver'd. Thurloxton , Somerf. NE. of Taunton. Thur 1st on, Leicef. NE. of Hinckley. Thurmaston , NE. of Leicefter. Thurnby, SE. of Lei- cefter. Thurnby, Weftm. N. of Shapp. Thurne, Norfolk, E. of S. W alfham. Thurnham, S. of Lancafter. Thurning, Huntingd. near Great Gidding and Lud- dington. Thurning , Norfolk, NE. of Foulfham. Thurusco, \ orkfhire, 5 miles from Doncalter. Thurrington, Suffolk, NW. of Dunwich. Thurrock, E. and IV. Efiex, near Gray’s Thurrock. Thursby , Lincolnf. E. of Alford. Thursby , Yorkf. NE. of Midlam. Thursby, Cumberland, near Aikton. Thursford, Norfolk, be- tween Holt an Great Walfinghnm. Thursland , Yorklhire, W . of Barnefley. Thurslcy, Surry, in V Hey parifh. ’I'll u r s o, a fea-j o of Caithnefsfhire, fituatecl on the N. coalt, iu Dunnett Bay 3 it has a confiderable trade, and a lnami- fa61ory of woollen and linen cloth. There is a falmon fifhery at the mouth of the ri- ver Thurfo, and the cod fifhery alfo gives employment to many. Thurstanesley, Dorfetf. near Bridport. Thursiantoji, Chefhire, on the Dec, near Hyle-Lake. Thursthorp, Lincolnf. SE. of Saltfieetby, by the fea. Thurston, Nor- folk, between Loddon and Yarmouth. Thurston, Suff. S. of Pakenham. Thilr- vaston. Upper and Lower, Derbyf. NE. of Boylfton. Thussington, Leicef, E. of Mountforrel. Thnston- Mere, a river in Cumb. and I.anc. which runs into the Foffe near Crakeford. Thuxton, Norfolk, between E. Dereham and Windham. Thwait.es , Cumberl. in Milium parilh, on the river Dudden. Tina ate, Cumb. W. of Penrith. Thwate , Norfolk, SW. of Loddon. Thwate , Yorkf. E. of Keighley. $3 Thwates , Cumb. near Grayftock-Caftle. - Thwayt, Norfolk, between Baconfrhorp - anu North Walfhain. Thwayt, Suffolk, on the road between Ipfwich and Nor- ’ wich. Thwing, Y orkfhire, N. of Kilham. ' Thyatira. See Akiftat. Tiagar, a town of Hindooftan, in the Carnatic, 50 miles WSW. of Ponui- : cherry. Tiaguanco, a town of Omafulos, in Buenos Ayres, S. America. Tiano, or The a no, a town of La- \ vora, in Naples, 15 miles N. of Capua* Tibberton, Glouc. 4 miles- SE. of New- ; ent. Tibberton , Shropfhire, W. of New- port. Tibberton, NE. of Worcefter. Til i benham, Norfolk, SE. of New Bucken- 1 ham. Tiber, a river in Italy, which rifes in the Apennine mountains, in the Florcn- ) tino. It paffes into the pope’s territory, / walhes Borgo de St. Sepulchro, Citta-di- Caftello, Perugia, Todi, Rome, See. 10 miles below which laft city, it falls into the Mediterranean Sea, at Oftia. Tivcre is its modern name. Tiberthwate , Lancaf. N. of Fournefs- Fells. Tiber/on, Heref. N. of the Golden Vale. Tibshelj, Derbyf. NE. of Alfreton. Tibthorp , Yorklhire, N. of Bainton. Tich- burn, Hampfhire, SW. of Alresford. Tichjidd, a river in Hampfhire, which runs into the Englifh Channel, E. of Hamble. L ichfield, Hants, E. of South- ampton ; has a bridge over the river Aire, and a good road below, called Tichfield Bay. On the fite of its ancient abbey is Tichfield-Houfe, (or rather fome handfome remains of it) eredted in the reign of Henry V1IT. Here king Charles 1. was concealed in his flight from li^unp- TIE T I D $on Court, in 1647 ; it was then one of the feats of the earl of Southampton, where his mother lived with a fmall fa- mily. Ticlncdl , Norfolk, \V . of Burn- ham- Market. Tickell, an ancient town in the Yv\ Riding of York (hire, 5 Mules S. of Doncafter, and 155 N. by W. of Lon- don. It gives narn'e to an houour or dif- tincl liberty of very extenfive jurifdidlion, and to which many manors owe fuit and fervice. Market on Saturday. Tickencote, Rutland, 2 miles and a half from Stamford, within a quarter of a mile of the great N. road. It has one of the moft ancient Saxo., churches in the king- dom, and the arch between the chancel and nave is remarkably fo. The E. end of it is decaying. Dr. Stukeley ftiles it the entire oratory of prince Peada, the founder of the ftrft church at Peterbo- rough abbey. Tickcnhall, Derby f. SW. of Kegworth. Tickcnhall , Wore, near Bewdley. Tickham, Yorkf. near Sherift- Hutton-Caftle. Tick marsh, Northrmp. NE. of Thrapfton. Ticknam, Somerfetf. near Clevedon. Ticktcn , Yorkf. NE. of Beverley. Tiddenham , Gloucefterf. near Chepftow. Tidding/on, YVarw. by Strata ford- upon- Avon. Tide, or Tidi, a river in Cornwall, which rifes near Lefkard, and becomes navigable at ! idiford. About two miles lower, it wafnes St. Germains, and uniting with the Lynher, they both pafs into the Tamar, helow Saltafh. Tidering/on, Chefhirc, in Mac- clesfield Foreft. Tides well, a town of Derbyfhire, confiding, in general, of meanly built houfes, but with a large, handfome church, and a free-fchool. It is noted for a fpring that ebbs and flows at uncer- tain times, twice or thrice an hour, after great rains ; but in dry fummers it entire- ly ceafes. This well is reckoned one of the wonders of the Peak. Jt is about a yard deep, and the fame in breadth ; the wa- ter rifes and falls about three quarters of a yard, and gulhes from feveral cavities at once, for the fpace of five minutes. It is fituated on a fmall, clear frream, which runs through the town, 22 miles NW. of Derby, and 158 NNW. of Lon- don. Market on YYYdnefday. Tidmarsh, Buck- v inghain. l inham , E . and d\ Dorfetflfire, i!D4 SW. of T I N SW. of Corfc-Cafile. Tinhead , Wilt- fliire, NE. of Weftbury. Tinian, an iiland in the Indian Ocean, and one of the Marians. It is about 12 miles in length, and 6 in breadth. The foil is every where dry and healthy; and, , being fomewhat fandy, is the lefs difpofed to rank and over-luxuriant vegetation. The land rifes in gentle Hopes from the fhore to the middle of the ifland, inter- mixed with vallies of an eafy defcent, and beautifully diverfified with woods and meadows. The woods confid of tall and well-fpread trees, and the lawns are co- vered with clean, uniform turf, producing fine trefoil, and a variety of flowers. There are at lead 10,000 cattle here, that are all milk white, except their ears, which are brown or black. There are alfo a vad number of fowls, which are eafily caught, ami the flelh of both are exceedingly good, befide plenty of large, fierce, wild hogs, whofc fielh is delicate food. 'In the woods are prodigious quantities of cocoa-nuts, cabbage- trees, as alfo guavoes, limes, fweet and four oranges, water melons, and bread-fruit. It grows on all parts of the branches, is more long than round, being covered with a rough rind. It is about foven or eight inches long, and is fitted: for ufe when full grown, hut not quite ripe. There are alfo vegetables proper mr the feurvy ; fuch as water-melon', dandelion, creeping purflain, mint, feurvy-grafs, and forrel. This ifland produces alfo cotton and indigo, and would certainly be of grea|: value if it were properly cul- tivated. There are now no inhabitants, but there were 30,000, who were taken away by the Spaniards to other iflands, and particularly Guam, a little before the arrival of commodore Anfon, in 1742. 1'he climate is extremely healthful, ac- cording to the author of Anfon’s voyage, by whom a very pleafing defeription is given of the iiland ; but according to commodore Byron, who vifited it in 1765, it is unhealthful in the rainy feafon, and its delightful Lawns and meadows were, by that time, covered with trees and un- derwood fo thick, that in endeavouring to force a paflage through, they were en- tangled and cut, as if with whip-cord. There are no dreams, but the water of the wells and fprings is extremely good. The principal inconvenience arifes from the number of mufkitdes, and other kinds of' flies; and there are likewife infedls called ticks, which fallen upon the limbs and bodies of men, and bury their heads under their Ikin ; with large, black ants, T I N whofe bite is very malignant, as well as other venemous reptiles and infedts with- ■ out number. But the word of all is, that i,i the road is inconvenient, and, in Lome | feafons, there is little fecurity for a fhip at anchor. Lat. 15. 0. N. Ion. 146. 0.E i Tinklefon , Dorfetlhire, SW. of Bere. Tinkley , Gloucefterfhire, in Nympsfield y parilh. Tinmore , Staffbrdfhire, on the Tame, NW. ofTamworth. Tinmouth, a fea-port of Northum- berland, feated at the mouth of the river Tyne, 9 miles E. of Neweadle. It has a large and dately cndle, feated on a very high rock, inacceffible on the lea- fide, and well mounted with cannon, in this cadle was formerly a monadery of which | many fine arches are yet handing, as is 1 the gateway, tower, and the wqftern gate; | alfo feveral fpacious apartments, one of which, from its. large chimney, is termed the kitchen ; the eadern part of the church, is of mod excellent workmanlhip, ; w h carved ornaments on the walls and windows, all which prefen t, on the ; whole, a crowded appearance of auguft jf ruinh, drikingly noble and pidlurefque. ' There is a bar acrofs the mouth ot the ri- ’ ver, which is not. above feven feet deep at low water. There are dangerous rocks about it, called the Black Middins ; but to guide the ftiips by night, there are light- houfes fet up, and maintained by the Trinity-Houfe. Here are leveral fait- 1 works, but the principal article of trade ; is coals. This place is now much reforted } to as a watering place, during the fummer i months. ' * Tin as, anciently Ten os, an ifland of the Archipelago, about 17 miles long, , and 8 broad, to the S. of Andros. It is mountainous, but well cultivated ; the \ fruits are excellent, particularly melons, >• figs, and grapes, of which lad the inha- bitants make good wine : but the princi- pal riches of this ifland confift in filk, of which it furn ilhes to the yearly amount of about 16,000 pounds; and the filk dockings and knit gloves for the la- dies, which they make of it, are remarka- bly neat. It was lately fubjecl to the Ve- netians. Tinos, which contains about 500 houfes, and has a fortrefs on a rock, and St. Nicolo, arc the principal towns; befides which, there are upwards of 50 villages, Tinta, a town of Canas y Canches, - (which is fo m eti roes called Tinta) of Cuf- co, in S. America. Tinteniac, a town in the dept, of llle and Vilaine, 19 miles S. of St. Ma- loes, • Tinier iit TIP Tintern , in Wexford, Lcinfter. - Tintern'' Abbey, and Little Tintern, ? Tonmou’thfhire, on each fide of a ftream that runs into the Wye, between Mon- mouth and Chepftow. TintinhuU, So- lnerfetihire, S. of llchefter. Tinwell , Rutland, on theWelland,SW of Standord^ Tinto, a remarkable river of Seville, in Andalufia, wiiofe waters are of a yel- low colour, and petrifying quality. They indurate the fand, and if a ftone happens to fall in and reft upon another, they both become, in thefpaceofa year, perfectly united and conglutinated. This river withers all the' plants on its banks, as well as the roots of trees, which it tinges with the fame.. colour as its waters. No kind of verdure will come up where it reaches, nor will any fifli live in its ftream. It kills worms in cattle, when adminiftered as a drink ; but, in general, no animals will drink out of this river ex- cept goats, whofe ftefh has, notwitbftand- ing, an exquifi'c flavour. Tliefe Angu- lar properties continue till other rivulets run into it and alter its nature, for when it pailes by Niabla, it is not at all diffe- rent from other rivers. It empties itfclf into the Atlantic, ' about 18 miles lower down, fit the town of Huelva, where it is two leagues broad, and admits of large veftels, which may come up the river as high as San Juan del Puerto, 9 miles above Huelva. Tinzeda, a town of Darah, in Africa. Lat. 27. SO. N. Ion. 6. W. Tipera, or Tipra, a country E. of Bengal, and bordering on Meckley ; part- ly independent, and partly fubjed! to Ara- can. The inhabitants are faid to befub- Jedl to goitres, or wens in the throat, a difeafe generally attributed to the water drank. A town of the fame name, is kid down in the maps, as fttuated on the river Tipera, in lat. 24. 20. N. and Ion. 92. E. Tipperary, a county of Ireland, in the province of Munfter, about 52 miles in length, and from 12 to 31 in breadth ; bounded on theNE. and NW. by King’s County and Galway ; on tlicE. by Queen’s County and Kilkenny ; on the S. by Wa- terford and a part of Limerick; and on the W. by Galway, Clare, and Limerick. The foutli parts are exceedingly fertile, and well furnifhed with good buildings; but the north, though to no great extent, is inclinable to be barren, and termi- nates in a row of twelve mountains, the higbeft in Ireland, and called Phelem- dhe-Madina. It contains 147 pfirifhes, 30,700 heufes, and about 1 Gy, 000 inha- T I R bitants. The river Suir runs through all the length of it, from N. to S. bclides which, there are abundance of fmaller ri- vers and brooks, on which near 50 boult- ing mills are counted, a much greater number than is found in any other county. The principal productions are cattle, fheep, butter, and flour. The raoft con- fiderable places are Clonmel, which is the county town, Caftiel, and Carrick. Tipperary, a town in the county of Tipperary, Munfter, 9 miles SSW. of Calhcl. Tiping, a town of Corea. Tipsa, a town of Algiers. Tipton, Staftordf. N. of Dudley Caftle, on a little river, where it runs into the Tame. Tip trey- House, Efl’ex, SE. of the Braxteds. Tir, a town of Chorafan, in Perfia, 21 miles NW. of Herat, and a town of Farfiftan, in Perfia, 60 miles NE. of Schiras. Tirano, a town of the Grifons, in thq Valteline, capital of the Upper Terze- ro, and relidence of the podefla. From the narrownefs of the flreets, and num- ber of ruinous houfes, its general appear- ance is defolate. The chief trade is in wine and filk. It is fttuated on the river Adda, which divides it into 2 parts, 17 miles SW. of Bormio. Tiraidey, in Mayo, Connaught. Tir ee, a fmall but fertile ifland of Scotland, one the Hebrides; lying to the SSW. of the Ifte of Col, and noted for its marble quarry, and for a handfome breed of little horfes. The number of in- habitants, who annually make about 245 tons of kelp, is eftimated at 2416. Here are 24 lakes, great and linall, which cover about 600 acres. Tirlemont. See Til le mont*. Tirnau, a town of Upper Hungary, containing 9 churches, and as many con- vents. It is fttuated on the river Tirnau, 20 miles ENE. of Prclburg. Tirol, or Upper Austria, a coun- try of Germany, in the circle of Aultria, and part of the hereditary dominions of that houfe. It is about 150 miles in length, and 120 in breadth, and contains 12 towns, and 10 villages, which have -markets. There arc a great many moun- tains in this country, and yet it produces as much corn and wine as the inhabitants have occafton for. They have rich mints of gold, filver, lead, and feveral fpecies ot precious ftoncs. The hunting of the chamois here is fomewhat dangerous, on account pf the rocks which they take to. In this country are included the county T I V T I V Tirol Proper, the bifhopric of Trent, and Lhe bifhopric of Brixen. Here are alfo profitable fait- pits, and medicinal fprings, and hot baths. It is bounded on the N. by Bavaria, on the E. by Carin- tliia and Salt 2 burg, on the S. by part of the late territory of Venice, and on the W. by Swifferiand and the, conn try of the Grifons. lnfpruck is the capital. Tirol, a town and citadel of - Ger- many, which gives name to the county. It is 40 miles IS', of Trent. Tirreh-Ha.il, Effex, by Dun mow. Fir- ringham , Bucks, on the Ouie, NvV. of Newport. Tirthington , Northumb. in JBothall manor. 'Fise hurst, Suflex, N. of Echingham. Fisted, E. and IV. Hants, between Alresford and Selborn. Filing- ton, Derbyfhire, N. ofAIborn. Titan, or Levant, an illand of France, in the Mediterranean, the moft eaflern of the Flieres. Fitching, Sultry, near Erimley and Hor- fiil. Fitcomb, \V fits, N . of Chute-Forcft. Tithby , Nott. S. of Bingham. Fithering- ti?i, Gloucef. near Thorn bury. Fither- ingtcm, Wilts, E. of the Deverels. Fither- lei/, E. and IV. Hants, NW. of Rumfey. Fitherley, Dorfetf.- near Chardftock. Titicata, or Ciiucuito, a very large illand in the bifhropric of Cuico, and vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres; It lies in a muddy lake of the fame name, which is upwards of 60 leagues in circu inference, and contains feveral other fmallcr iliands. its waters are fo naufeoas as not to be drank. This illand was the refidencc of the firft A nca, Mancho Capac, and is held lacred by the Indians. 'Utley, Herefcrdlhire, on the Arrow, N \V\ of Pembridge. Fit leu. North urn b. in the barony of Wark. Fitting ton, Northumb. N W . of Alnwick. Tit Me ning, a town of Saltzburg, in Bavaria, bated on the river Saltza, 20 miles NNYV. of Saltzburg. It was almoft rendered defolate by the plague in 1310, and was reduced to alhes by lightning in 1571 ; but it has been fince -re-built. Fit on, Northamptonf. near Ra venfthorp. Fitseu, Surry, N. of Limpsfield. Fits half, iXIargaret and Mary, Norfolk, NE. of New Buckenham. Fittenh anger, Hens, 3 miles SE. of St. Alban’s. Fittenley , Chefhire, SE. of Combermere. Fittensor, Stafford!'. near Swinerton. Fitting, Surry, SE. of Guildford. Fitlleshall, Norfolk, between Rainham-Hall and Mileliani. Titul, a town of Hungary. * Tiverton, an ancient, rich, and populous town of Devon (hire, noted for its great woollen manufactory, particu- larly of kerfeys, the greateft in the county, next to that of Exeter, it was formerly called Twy ford’s Town, from two fords then over the Ex and Leman, where are now fton j bridges. It has fullered greatly by fire, having been almoft burnt down feveral times, particularly in June 1731, when 200 of the heft houfes were deftroy- ed. It is now built in a more elegant tafte, and they have anew church erected by fubfeription. The four principal Ureets form a commodious quadrangle, inclofing an are.- of gardens. The two rivers afford plenty of fifh, and not only drive a great number of corn-mills, but alfo greatly aff ft in condudbng the feveral branches of the woollen trade. It has a noble, large free-fehool, which maintains eight fcholars, at Oxford, and Cambridge, and is fituated on a little hill, or Hope, triangularly formed by the cou.Cs of the ftreams above mentioned, 14 miles N. of Exeter, and 161 \V. by S. of London. Markets on Tueiday and Sa- turday} alfo one on Monday for kerfeys, Tiverton, a town of the United States in Rhode Illand, fituated on the river Taunton, 15 miles SE. qf Provi- dence. Fiverton, Chefhire, near Beellon Caftle. Fiv intern, Cheshire, W. of Congleton, Fivit it, or Cheviot Mountains, on the bor- ders of England and Scotland. Tiumen, a town of Siberia, in the government of Tobolikoi, clnefiy inha- hited !>y Ruffians, Mahometans, Tartars, and Bucharians. it is fituated at the con- fluence of the rivers Pifchma and Tura. 112 miles WSW. of Tobolfk. 'JTviot. SeeTEviOT. T’ivoli, a town of Italy, in the Cam- pagna di Roma. It is now wretchedly poor ; it is, however, of greater antiquity than Rome itfelf, being -the ancient Ti- bur, or Tobur, which Horace fays, wa$ founded by a Grecian colony, it was the favourite country refidencc of the an- cient Romans, as Frelcati is of the mo- derns. Near the bottom of the eminence on which Tivoli frauds, arc the ruins of the vaft and magnificent villa built by the emperor Adrian. Horace is thought to have co in po fed great part of his works in this favourite retreat. in the market- place are two images of oriental granite, representing ifis, an Egyptian deity. Near T ivoli is a celebrated cafcadc, a Sibyl’s temple, a magnificent villa belonging to the duke of Modena, and the remark- able Lake of Solfatara. Tivoli is feated on the river Teverone, 17 miles N. by E, of Rome, and 10 NE. of Frefcati- Tivy, T O B Tivy, 3 river of Cardigan (hire, which rifes about 5 miles N. from Tregaron, and runs into the Irifh Channel, about 3 miles below Cardigan. TixalLy with its Heath , 2 miles E. of Stafford. Tixover , Rutland, in Ketton parifh. Tlascala, a town of Mexico, for- merly capital of a province of the fame name. When the Spaniards firft arrived here, it contained, according to Acofta, 300,000 inhabitants, with a market-place large enough to hold 30,000 buyers and fellers ; but .Gemelli, who was here in 1698, fays, it was then become an ordi- nary village. It is fituated on a river that runs into the Paoific Ocean, 62 miles SE. of Mexico, and 140 NW. of Vera Cruz. See Angelos. Tlascala, a province in the govern- ment of Mexico, bounded on the N. by Guafleca, on the NE. and E. by the Gulf of Mexico and Guaxaca, on the S. by the Pacific Ocean, and on the W. by Mexico Proper. Its towns and villages fwarm with Indians, and it is, by far, the moft populous country of Spanifh America, the inhabitants being exempted from all fervices and duties to the crown, (only paying a handful of maize for each head, as an acknowledgment) in confequence of having been originally allies to Cortez, in the conquelt of Mexico. The climate, foil, and produce, refemble thofe of Mexico Proper. Tobago, the moft fouthward of the iflands in the \\ eft Indies, and the moft eaftward except Barbadoes. It is about 32 miles long from SVV. to NE. and about 9 broad. The climate is far more temperate than could be expelled from its fituation fo near the equator 5 nor does it lie in the track of thofe dreadful hurri- canes which frequently defolate the other iflands. It is agreeably diverfified with hills and vale?, and is equal in richnefs of foil and produce to any of the iflands in thefe feas. The mould is rich and black 5 there is abundance of fprings upon the ifland, and its bays and creeks are fo dif- pofed as to be very commodious for {hip- ping. Wild hogs, peccaros, refembling fwine, armadilloes, guanoes, Indian rab- bits, and badgers are found here. Ilorfes, cows, alles, fheep, deer, goats, and rabbits, were probably introduced by the Dutch, and have multiplied exceedingly. The fea is ftored with excellent fifh, particu- larly turtle of e'.cry kind, and mullets of a moft delicious tafte, with other kinds unknown in England. This valuable $and was ceded to the Englifh by the TOC treaty of 1763, and to the French by that of 1783; but it was taken ’by the Englifh, April 13th, 1793. Lat. 11. 10. N. Ion. 60. 30. W. Tobago, Little, an ifland near the NE. extremity of Tobago, about 2 miles long, and a mile broad. Tobber bunny, in Dublin, Leinfter. Tob- bercorry , or Tubbercorr , in Sligo, Con- naught. Taber, in Clare, Manlier. Toe- Head., a high promontory in Cork, M un- der, a little to the W of Caftlehaven. Tobol, a river of Iluftia, which rifes on the E. borders of the government of Upha, and runs into the Irtifch, at To- bolik. Tobolsk, a confiderableand populous city of Ruflia, formerly capital of Siberia, and at prefen t of the government of To- bolfkoi. It is divided into the Upper Town, which is properly the city, and ftands very high, with a fort built with ftone, in which are the goveVnor's court, the governor’s houfe, the archbifhop’s palace, the exchange, and two of the principal churches, all built of ftone, and the Lower Town ; both taken together, of a very large circumference, but the houfes a-e ail built with wood. It is moftly inhabited by Mahometan Tartars and Bucharians, who drive a great trade on that river. The houfes are low ; the Tartars that live round this town for ie- veral miles are all Mahometans, and their mufti ’s an Arabian : in general, they be- have very quietly, and carry on fome com- merce, but pradiife no mechanic trades. There are alio a great number of Calmuck Tartars, who ferve as flaves. All the Chinefe caravans pafs through this town, and all the furs furn fhed by Siberia, are brought here, and thence forwarded to Mofcow. The Ruffians commonly fend their ftate prifoners hither. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Tobol and Irtifch, 800 miles E. of Mofcow. Lat. 57. 30. N. Ion. 68. 18. E. Tobolskoi, a government of Iluftia, which comprehends a confidcrable part of Siberia, extending from Ion. 76. 30. to 125. 30. E. and from lat. 55. to 78. N. Tobolfk is the capital. Toboso El, a town of New Caftile, 37 miles S. of llueta, or Gueta. Toe anti ns, a large river of BraftI, which rifes in about lat. 18. S. and runs into the Atlantic, in lat. 1. S. for about the laft 100 miles before it falls imo the fca, it is called Para. Tobridge, Somerfetf. \V. of Taunton. Tocat, a confidcrable city of Cara- ipani?, (he rcftdence of a cadi, a way- wotic ; TOF T O L wode, and an aga, who commands a thou- fand janizaries, and fome fpahis. The bonfes are handfomely built, but gene- rally Hand on uneven ground. The ftreets are pretty well paved, which is an un- common thing in thefe parts. There are fo many Hr earns, that each ho ufe has a fountain. It contains about 20,000 Tur- kifh families, 4000 Armenian families, who have 7 churches, and 400 families of Greeks, who have only one. Befide the filk of this country, they manufacture eight or ten loads of that of Perfia, and make it into fewing-filk. Their chief trade is in copper veflels, fuch as kettles, drinking cups, lanterns, and candlefiicks. They alfo prepare a great deal of yellow Turkey leather. Tocat is the centre of trade in Natolia ; for here the caravans arrive from Diarbekir in 18 days, from Sinop in 6, from Burfa in 20, from Smyrna in 27, 8cc. Its territory abounds in fruit and excellent wine, and it is 180 miles NW. of Erzerum, and 250 E. of Conftantinople. Tocayma, a town of Terra Firma, in New Granada, feated on the river Para, in a country abounding in fruit and fu gar- canes. Lat. 4. 3. N. Ion. 73. 50. W. Toccotes, Yorkfhire, N. of Gifborough. Tocholes , Lancafhire, S. of Blackburn. Toe kay, a town of Hungary, in the country of Zimplin, celebrated for its wine, which, for ftrefigth and flavour, is preferred to all the wines of Hungary. At fome distance from it are large fait- works. It it feated at the confluence of the rivers Bodrogand Teifl’e, 90 miles NE. ofBuda. Tochlington , Gloucef. in Olvefton pa- rifh. TockwUh , Yorkf. in Bolton parifh. Todbere , Dprfetf. N. of Stourminfter.* Toddiewood, Northumberl. E. of Fetherf- ton Haugh. Todenhcnn , Gloucef. 8 miles N. of St ow-on-the- Would, and 6 from Campden. Tod i, a town of Spoleto, in Italy, containing feveral churches and convents. Todgmore Bottom , Gloucefterf. in Bif- ley parifh. Todmgton , Gloucelterf. NE. of Winchcombe. Tod Law, Northumb. near Elfden, is a mount, on which are 3 Hone columns, placed in a triangular form, 12 feet diftant from each other. Each column is near 12 feet in diameter. It is fuppofed to have been the fepul- chral monument of fome eminent Danes. Todmerden , Lancaf. N. of Rochdale- '1'ods, "a town of Virginia. Tcdwick , Yorkf. E. of Sheffield. Toeling-Hotien, a town of Chi- nefc Tartary, 375 miles ENE. of Peking. Tqjt, 5 miles from Cambridge. Tojt , Chcfhire, two miles from Tableigb. Toft, Lincoln!. W. of Bourn. Toft, Lincolnf. on the Ankem, SW. of Market-Raiftn. Jj Toft, Lincolnf. on the Dun, SW. of Bur- ton-upon-T rent. Toft, Norfolk, SE. of Watton. To//, Warwick! near Dun- J church. Toft Monachorum, Norfo k, 8 miles SW. of Yarmouth. Toft Rees, j Norfolk, near Rainham Hall. Tojt , // :st, Norfolk, N. of Thetford. Togda, or Todga, a town and di- J flridf of Africa, in the country of Segil- ‘ mefla. Tointons, Upper and Lower, Lincolnf, SE. of Bullin gbropk. Toklnburc-, or Toggenburg, a county of Swiflerlaml, 'depending on the abbot of St. Gao as territorial lord, yet with a refervation of their rights and li- berties. It lies among high mountains between Zurich on the E. and Appenzel on the W. is fertile in corn and fruits, abounds in numerous herds of cattle, and is divided. into the Upper and Lower. Tokenham , Wihffi re, SW. ofWctton- Baflet. Toledo, a considerable city of Spain, in New Caftile, of which it was formerly j the capita 1 , and anciently a Roman colony,. It is feated on a mountain near the river Tajo, and has an ancient wall built by a Gothic king, flaiYed with 100 towers. ! Its fituation ren 5 e ftreets uneven ; they are alfo narrow, but the houfesare fine, and there are a great number of fu- j perb ftru&ures, befide 17 public fquares, j where the markets are kept. The fineft i buildings are the royal caftle, and the cathedral •, which laft is the richeft and ' moft confiderable in Spain, It is feated in the middle of the city, joining to a handfome ftreet, with a fine fquare before it. Several of the gates are very large, and of bronze. . There is alfo a fupetb fteeplc, extremely high, whence there is a very extenfive profpedh The Sagrario, or principal chapel, is a real treafury, in - which are 15 large cabinets let into the wall, full of prodigious quantities of gold and filver veflels, and other works. There are two mitres of filver, gilt, fet all over with pearls and precious ftones, with three collars of tnafly gold, enriched in like manner. There are tAyo bracelets and an imperial crown, dedicated to Mary the mother ofjefus, confiffing of large dia- monds and other jewels. The weight of gold in the crown is 15 pounds. The veftbl which contains the confecrated wa- ter is of filver, gilt, as high as a man, and fo heavy, that it requires, at leaft, 30 men to carry it j within it is another of pure T O L gold, enriched with jewels. Here are 38 religious houfes, with a great number of churches belonging to 27 parithes, and fome hofpitals. Without the town are the remains of an amphitheatre, and other antiquities. It has an archbiihop’s fee, a famous univerfity, and feveral manu- factories of filk and wool. The fecret of hardening fword blades, for which Tole- do was formerly fo famous, has been loft, but is .faid to be again recovered. When one of thefe underwent the operation of tempering, if it was in the leaft notched by ftriking with it feveral violent blows on an iron head-piece, it was rejected. Two centuries ago, the inhabitants were about 200,000, but now they l'carcely amount to 30,000, and it is laid to be rapidly declining. Toledo is fituated among rocks, eminences, and precipices, which protest the image of fterility, yet feveral fertile and charming fituations are feen about it, impenetrable to the rays of the fun. It is 32 miles SSW. of Madrid. Lat. 39. 60. N- Ion. 3. 46. W. Tolen, a town in Dutch Zealand, in an ifland of the fame name, partly formed by the E. branch of the Scheld, near Bra- bant, from which it is feparated hv a canal, -about 10 miles in length, and 4 in bread th. It is 5 miles NW. of Bergen-op-Zoom. Tolentino, a town of Ancona, fa- mous for being the depofitory of the body of St. Nicholas, whole arm is faid to bleed afrelh when, any calamity is to befal Italy. Tolesburi /, Eilcx, near Malden. Tolesby , Yorkfhire, NW. of Stokeftcy. Toleshynf, Darcy , Major, or Beckingham , and Mi- litia, or Knights, Eifex, near Toleibury. Tolfa, a town in the Patrimonio, noted for its mines of alum and iron, with quarries of alabalter and lapis lazuli. Here are aifo warm baths. Tolhuys, a town of Guelderland, fituated on the Rhine, 6 miles WSYV. of Emmerick. Here the French palled that river in the year 1672. Tolland, a town of Connecticut, 66 miles WSW. of Bofton. Tolland, Somerfetf. NE.ofWivelfcomb. Tollard Royal, Wilt (hire, near Cranhorn Chace. Tollaston, Tollalon , or Terlaton, Nottingh. near Bingham. Toller Down, Dorfetfhire* Toller dtvelme, Dorfetl. near Beminfter. Toller t'ratrum , and T iler Porcorum, Dorletf. NW. of Frampton. Tollerton , Yorklhire, in Galtres-l’oreft. Tollington , Lincolnlhire, W. of the Decp- ings. Tolloghorton , in Waterford, Munftcr. Tollynadelly , in Galway, Connaught. Tqemezo, a town of Friuli. TOM To L mi no, a town and diftricl of Cir- niola. Tolna, a town which gives name to a county of Hungary, feated on the river. Danube, 50 miles S. of Buda. To los a, a town of Spain, in the pro- vince of Bifcay, and capital of Guipufcoa. It is not large, hut is celebrated for its fteel manufactures, particularly of fword blades. It is feated in a pleafant valley, between the rivers Araxis and Oria, 33 miles SW. of Fontarabia. Tolpiddle, Dovfetlhire, near Tincleton. Tolpuddel, Dorfetjphire, S. of St. Andrew's Milborn. Tolu, a fea-port of Terra Firma, in the government of Oarthagena. In the environs is found the celebrated balfam to which it gives name, being produced from a tree like a pine. It is 30 miles S. of Carthagena. Tomar, a town of Portugal, in Eftra- madura, feated on the river Naboan, 65 miles NNE. of Lifbon. Tombs c, a town of Auftrian Brabant. Tomberl ai ne, a final! ifland with a town of the fame name, on the N. coaft of ( Vance, lying on afmall gulf, between 'A v ranches and St. Malo. This ifland, and tiiat of St. Michael, are every day joined, at low water, to the main land. Tombuctou, a populous kingdom of Africa, in Negroland, reprefented as lying to the SE. of the defert of Zahara, and W. of the empire of Cafhnah. The houfes in this country are built like bells, with walls of hurdles plaiftered with clay, and covered with reeds. They are the fame in the city of Tombudlou, except a magnificent mofque of ftone, and the royal palace, both of which were built after the defign of a Moor, who was ba- nifhed from Granada in Spain. Here are great numbers of weavers of cotton cloth; and hither the clofh, and other European merchandife, are brought by caravans from Tripoli, Barbary, &c. and exchanged for ivory, flaves, ferina, gold-duft, dates, and oftrich feathers. The women have their faces covered, their religion being Mahomctanifm. They have great plenty of millet, wheat, barley, cattle, milk, and butter. Inftead of money, they make uie of (hells and fmall bits of gold. The king has a guard of 3000 hortemen, arm- ed with bows and poifoned arrows, be- 1 tides foot foldiers, who wear thields and fwords. Me generally rides on an ele- phant. In the proceedings of the Afri- can AflTociation, this place is mentioned as a luxurious, opulent, and flourithing city, fubje^'t to a i'evere police, and, as luch. TON furh, attracting the merchants of the moft cliftant dates of Africa. It is feated near the river Niger, in lat. 19. 59. N. Ion. 0.8. E. Tomebamea, town of Quito, in S. America, where was a temple of the Sun, the walls of which, as the Spaniards affirm, were covered with gold. It is 120 miles S. of Quito. Tomhaggard, in Wexford, Leinfter. Tomson , Dorfetfhire, near Blandford. Tomsk, a town .of Siberia, in the go- vernment of f'obolfkoi, and formerly the principal city in Siberia, next toTobolfk. It contains about 2000 houfes, which, as well as the pubi c buddings, are princi- pallv built of wood. The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade, this town lyiny on t ! great road from ^'nifeilk, and nd the towns n the E. and N. parts of Siberia, ana all the caravans to and from China pals annually through it, betides a caravan or two from the country of the Cal muclts. tt is feated on the river Tom, which riles in the government of Kolivan, and runs into the Obv, 32 miles WNW. from this town, 168 miles NINE, of Ko- livan. Ton hern, a well-built but not large town of Denmark, in Slefwick, the in- ljabitants-of which carry on a confiderable trade in corn, cattle, and fine lace. Jt is capital of a bail wick of the fame name, and is Dated on a hay of the German Ocean, 37 miles NW, of Slefwick. Tone , a river ir. Somerfetfhire, which rifes about 6 miles N from W velfcomhe, pafles by 1' unton, and runs into the Parrot, near Petherton ' Park, between Langford and Bridgwater. Toneley , Northumb. NW. of Dunftaburgh Caftle. Tongataeoo. See Amsterdam. Tonge, Kent, a mile and a half E. of Milton ; has the ruins of a caftle, Paid to •have been built in 450, by Hengift, the Saxon general, purfuant to a grant from Vortigern, of as much ground to build a feat or caftle on, as he could enclofe with an ox’s hide, which he therefore cut into very fmall thongs. Several Saxon antiquities have been dug up within the walls. On the moat, a corn- mill has been credit’d, upwards of 200 years. Tonge , Leiccfterf. near Stanton-IIarold. Tonge, Yorkf. Sp. of Bradford. Tonge Castle , Shropf. 3 miles from Shiffhal. The ve- nerable parifb church near it, is a much admired piece of antiquity ; it lias one' of the largeft bells in England, and contains many rich, elegant, and ancient monu- ments. Tongham , Surry, NW. of Put- tenham. Tongley Hill , Shropf. near Clun ; on it is a Roman encampment, called Bury- Ditches. TON Tongeren, or Tong res, a town of Liege, (anciently very confiderable) feat- ed on the Jeckar, 12 miles SW. of Ma- eftricht. [ ongusians, a people of the caftern part of Siberia, near the Sea of Okotfk, fubjedV to the Ruffians. They chiefly fubfift by grazing and hunting of fables, the fkins of which are very black, Tonnay Boutonne, a town in the* depart, of Lower Charente, feated on the river Boutonne, 10 miles W. of Roche- fort. Tonnay Charente, a town in the dept, of Lower Charente, feated on the river Charente, 3 miles E. of Rochefort. Tonneins, a town in the depart, of Lot and Garonne, featpd on the river Ga- ronne, about two miles from its jundtion w’ith the Lot, 7 miles SE. of Marmande. Tonerre, a town in the department of Yonne, celebrated for its good wines. It is feated on the river Armangon, 27 miles S. of Troyes, and 102 SE. of Paris. Tonningen, a town of Denmark, in • Slefwick, capital of a territory of the fame ; name. Its once noble caftle was dif- , mantled in 1~34, by the king's orders, and the fortifications were demolifhed by the Danes and their allies, (when taken , from the Swedes) in 1713 and 1714. It is feated on a peninfula formed by the ri- ver Eyder, near the German Ocean, with a commodious harbour, 25 miles SW. of Slefwick. Tonquin, a kingdom of Alia, bound- ed on tlieN. by China, on the E. and SE. * by China and the Bay of Tonquin, on | the S. by Cochin-China, and on the W. ‘ by the kingdom ctf Laos. It is about 350 ' miles in length, and 220 in its greateft ! breadth, and is one of the find! and moft ; confiderable kingdoms of the Eaft, as well on account of the number of inhabitants and the trade they carry on, as the excel- lency of the foil, and mild temperature of the climate. Only two winds commonly prevail here, the N. and the S. ; the for- mer blows from June, or July, to January, and the latter from January to July. The country is thick fet with villages, and the natives in general are of a middling fta- ture, and clean-limbed, with a tawny complexion. Their faces are oval and fiattifh, and their nofes and lips ol a neat form. Their hair is black, long, lank, and coarfc; and they let it hang down . their fhoulders. They are at great pains to dye their teeth black. The country is fo very populous, that many labour under extreme poverty for want of employment. The money and goods brought hither by foreign TON foreign tihips, particularly the Fm^lifti amt Dutch, put them in action ; but one third at leaft of the money muft be advanced before-hand by the merchants,; and the Ihips ftay here till the goods are finiflied, which is generally five or fix months. They arc lb add idled to gaming, that, when every thing eife is loft, they will flake their wives and children. The gar- ments of the Tonquinefe'are made either of filk or cotton; but the poor people and foldiers w r ear only cotton of a dark tawny colour. Their houfes are finall and low, and the walls either of mud, or hurdles daubed over with clay. They have only a ground-floor, with two or three partitions, and etich room has a fquare hole to let in the light. They have ftools, benches, and chairs; and on the fide of a table is a little altar, with two incenfe pots thereon, which no heufe is without. The villages confift of 30 or 40 houfes, furrounded by trees, and in lb me places are banks to keep the water from overflowing their gardens, where they have oranges, betels, pumkins, me- lons, and fall ad herbs. In the rainy fea- fon (from f\pril to Auguft, which is the mod unhealthy part of the year) they pafs from one houfe to another, by wading through the water, or by help of boats. Jn the only city in the kingdom, called Cachao, are about 20,000 houfes, with mud walls, and covered with thatch; a few built with brick, and roofed with pantiles. In each yard is a final 1 arched building, like an oven, about fix feet high, made of brick, which ferves to fe- curc their goods, in cafe of fire. The prin- cipal ftreets are very wide, and paved with finall ftoncs. The king of Tonquin has three palaces in it, fuch as they are ; and near them are ftables for his horfes and elephants. 'They buy all their wives, of which the great men have feveral ; but in hard times the men will fell both their wives and children, to buy rice to main- tain themfelves. When a man dies, he is buried in his own ground, and if he was mailer of a family, they make a great feaft. The firft new moon in the year, that happens after the middle of January, is a great feftival, when they rejoice for 10 or 12 days together, and fpend their time in all manner of fports. Their com- mon drink Is a kind of tea, like Chinefe bohea; but they make themfelves merry with arrack. At their great entertain- ments, they give their vifitants arek, fold- ed up in a betel leaf, daubed over wbh lime made into mortar. They have ano- . ther great feaft in May, or June, when T o N their firft harveft is got in. Their reli- gion, which is founded on that of China, is Pagan, and yet they own a Supreme Being; their idols have human lhapes, but in verv different forms. They have like- wife forne refembling elephants and horfes,. placed in finall, low temples, built of timber. The Chriftian religion was eftablifhed herein 1626, by the Jefuit Baldinoty; and in 1639, thefe were 80,000 converts, who had built 200 churches at their own charge ; it was utterly pro- feribed, however, in 1721, after feveral dreadful persecutions, attended with the imprifomnent, torture, and death, of the miftionaries and their catecbifts. The lan- guage is fpoken very much in the throat, and fome of the words are pronounced through the teeth ; it has a great refern- hlance to the Chinefe. They have fc hoofs of learning, and their characters are the fame, or like thofe of China; and like them they write with a hair pencil. They have feveral mechanic arts, or trades, and export great quantities of their manufac- tures, at which they are very dexterous and ingenious. Their fruit-trees are laid to excel all the reft of Afia, in the flavour and beauty of their fruit ; and their ele- phants are reckoned the largefi and nim- bleft in the world. The commodities are gold, mufk, filks, calicoes, drugs of many lorts, woods for dying, lackered wares, earthen wares, fait, anife-feed, and worm- iced. The lackered ware is icarcely inferior to that of japan, which is accounted ther heft in the world. With all their merclmn- dife, one would expedt the people to be very rich ; but they are, in general, very poor, the chief trade" being carried on by the Chinefe, Englifh, and Dutch. The natives, indeed, export no merchandize on their own bottoms, neither have they any veflels fit for thefe rough feas. The goods imported, befide filver, arc fdt- petre, fulpbur, Englilh broad-cloth, pep- per, fpices, lead,, and guns. Tonquin, about feven centuries ago, was fiubjedt to China, till Din, a famous robber, threw oft the yoke of fervitude, and placed the crown on his.own bead, 'l'his independ- ence has been the fource of many cruel wars and miferies, and the families on the throne have been already changed fix times. The iflue of the laft civil war was a treaty, by which it was agreed, that the chouah, or competitor of King Le, and his defce’ndants, were to have the ab- iolute command of the armies, with the greateft part of the revenues, while the hua, or fovereign, was to enjoy all the ho- nours and external fplendor of royalty. TOP TOR Tonsa, a river of Romania, which runs into the Mariza, near Adrianople. Tonsberg, a fea-poit of Aggerhuys, with a confiderable trade in firs and but- ter. it formerly contained 9 churches, but now has only two. It is fituated on a bay of the Baltic, 42 miles S. of Chrif- tiana. Foobouai, one of the Society Iflands, in the S. Pacific Ocean. Its greateft ex- tent, in any d iredl ion, ^xcl ufive of the reefs, is not above 5 or (5 miles. Small as it appears, however, there are hills in it of a confiderable elevation, covered with herbage, except a few rocky cl iifs, with patches of trees interfperfed to their fum- mits. This ifland is plentifully fio eked with hogs and fowls, and produces feveral kinds of fruits and roots. It was difeo- vered by captain Cook. Lat. .23. 25. S. Ion. 149. 23. W. Toombs, a range of rocks, 3 or 400 yards in extent, called by the Scotch, The Clogkan, and fituated in the Bay of Carrick Fergus, in Down, Ulfler. They ■are covered at high-water $ but at low- water they ha e the appearance of a ran^e of cabins along the fbore. Toone, a river of Cork, in Munfter, which runs into the river Lee, 15 miles W . of Cork. Toome, in Antrim, Lifter. Toomevara , in Tipperary. Toomgraney , in Clare, Munftcr. Tooting , Upper , Surry, in the road from Southwark to Epfom. Tooting , Lower y Surry, two miles SW. of Wandfworth. To pa, Lincolnf. near Torkfcy. Topc/ff \ Yorkfhire, N. Riding, feated on the river Swale, on a confiderable afeent, to the S. ofThirfk, and. 24 miles N. of York. It is about three quarters of a mile in length, and being feated on the great N. road, has feveral good inns for the accommoda- tion of travellers. Topcliff, Yorkf. NVV. of Wakefield. Toper oft, Norf. NW. of Bungay. Topesjield, Ellexi' N W . of the Henninghams. Topesjield , Middlefex, in Horn fey parifh. Top- Houses, Cornw. in Leftwithiel. Topsham, a tolerably large fea- port of Devonfhire, confifting of feveral ftreets, and a long ftrand. It is properly the port town of Exeter, where all the large fhips lie, are unloaded, and take in their lading; and here the captains, fhipwrights, Sec. with the officers of the cuftoms, refide. It is almoft encompafl'ed by the rivers Clift and Ex, and is 5 miles SSE. of Exeter, and 170 SW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Topstr^et, Herts, near Whcathamftead. Tor, a ruinous fea-port of Arabia Pe- treaea, on the Red Sea, thought by fome to be the ancient Elana Lat. 28. 27. N. Torbay, a fine bay of the Englifh Channel, on the coaft of Devonfhire, a little to the NE. of Dartmouth, formed by two capes, called Bury- Point, and ' Bob’s Nofe. It is about 12 miles in compafs, and is fafe againft wefterly winds, but a S. or SE. wind fometimes forces fhips to put out to lea. Torbole. a town in the Tyrolefe, Torbryap, , Devonf. SE. of Afhburton. | Tor buck , Lancafhire, SE. of Weft Darby. Torcello, a town of Venice, feated in a fmall ifland, 3 miles N. of Venice. Torcola, a fmall illand in the Adria- tic. -Lat. 43. 27. N. ToRDA, orToRENBURG, a town of Tranfylvania, famous for its fait works.' It is 15 miles WNW. of Claufenburg. Tordesillas, a town of Leon, with a large and magnificent palace, where queen Joan, mother of Charles V. ended her melancholy days. It is feated on the ri- ver Douero, 13 miles SW. of Valladolid. ; Torgau, a town of Meiflen, in Up- i per Saxony, with a caftle, the ftair-cafe of which is built in fuch a manner, that a perfon may ride up in a ebaife from the i bottom to the top. There is a fiourifh- ing fchool here, and the inhabitants main- | tain themfelves by brewing excellent beer, which they fend to other places by means of the river Elbe, on which it is feated. It is 28 miles ENE. of Leipfick. To rig n a, a town in the department j of the Channel, with a caftle, near St. Lo. f Torkington , Chdhire, between Ner- bury and Goit- Water. Torkscalh Park , Lancaf. near Liverpool. Torksey, NW. of Lincoln, near the conflux of the Ees- Dyke, into the Trent. It was once a town of great note. Torleian , Gloucef. $ in the parifh of Coats. Torleton , Glou- cefterf. in Rodmarton parifh. Torlin , Wiltfhire, 3 miles from Holt. Tormar - ; ton, Glcucelterf. 4 miles SE. of Chipping- | Sodbury. Tormes, a river of Spain, which rifes J in Old Caftile, croft’es the province of Leon, pafles by Alva de Tormes, Sala- manca, See. #nd falls into the Douero, a few miles below' Miranda-de-Doucro. Tormount, Devonfhire, N. of Torbay. Torn a, a town, capital of a county of Hungary, 14 miles SW. of Cafchaw. Tornea, a town of Sweden, in W. Bothnia, capital of a territory of the fame name with a good harbour. It is feated at the northern extremity of the Gulf of Bothnia, on a fmall ifland, at the mouth t of TOR i,f the river Tornea. The Laplanders, ! Ruffians, and Norwegians, refort hither to garter their (kins, and other things, lor sv’hat tjtey want. In one of tne churches, l.vhich is built with timber, divine fervice s performed in the Swedifh language, ind in another, on an ifland . near the own, built with Hone, the fervice is per- formed in the Finnean language, for the benefit of the burgher fervants, and the n habitants of the adjacent country. '1 or- lea is laid to be the old eft town in trie 'O tin tv, and to lie the fattheft towarus the \ T . It is 420 miles NNE. of Stockholm. Lat. 65. 5i. N. Ion. 24. 17. E. Tornea, a river which rifes in Lap- land, croftes the lake of .Tornea, and falls Into a gulf of the fame name, at the town of Tornea. Tor Norton, Devonfhire, in Torbryan parilh. ; Tornova, a town of Venice. Toro, a town of Leon, fituated on the Douro, 17 miles E. of Zamora. Torpenhow, Cumberland, between Bo- thell and Bray ton. Torperley, a fmall town in Chefhire, where the (heriffs tourns and courts are held. Its church is chiefly remarkable fnr.the wafte of good marble in monu- mental vanity. It is a great thorough- fare ©n the road to Chefter, and is feated on a gentle defeent, 9 miles SSE. of Chef- tcr. It was formerly a borough, and had a market on Tuefday, now difufed. Torr, a name given to feveral eleva- tions on Dartmore, in Devonfhire, and in other parts of England ; fuch as Glaf- tonbury-Torr, in'Somerfetfhire, and that abrupt and frightful precipice, the Main- Torr, in Dcrbyfhire, Torr Abbey , De- vonfhire, at the bottom of Torbay. Torrella-de-Mongri, a lea-port in Catalonia, feated near the mouth of the river Ter, on the xMediterranean, 1 j miles E. of Gironne. Tor re] on, a town of New Caftile. Torres, a fea-port of Spain, in Gra- nada, 9 miles E. of Velez Malaga. 'Torres, one of the new Philippine Wands, in the Eaftern Indian Ocean, about 18 miles in circumference, i 'Torres, a cl after of iftands hi the In- dian Ocean, near the coaft of Siam. Lat. 11. 25. to 11. 48- N. Ion. 96. 50. to 97. Eaft. ! Tcrr.es Novas, a town of Portugal, in Eftramadura, 12 miles E. of Santaren. | Torres Vedras, a town of Portu- Igal, in Eftramadura, 21 miles NNW. of Lilbon. TOR ToRRiCELLA, a town of Principato Citra, and a town of Abvuzzo Citra. Torricello, a town of Parma, fituated on the Po, 12 miles NNW. of Parma. Torrigia, a town of Genoa. Torrington, Great, an ancient and populous town of Devon (hire, with a manufactory in fluffs, and fome export trade to Ireland. It is feated on the ri- ver Towridge, over which it has a ftone bridge of 4 arches, l i miles S. by W . of Barnftaple, and 194 W. by S. of Lon- don. A good market for corn and fiefh on Saturday. Torrington, a town of Connedii- cut, 22 miles VTNW. of Hartford. Torrington, Little , Devonfhire, S. of the Towridge, oppofite Great Torring- ton. Torrington , Black, Devonfhire, W. of Hatherley. Torrisholm, Lancafhire, between Lancafter and itsfands. To r si l, or Torshella, a town of §uder mania, fituated on a river which runs into the Malar Lake, 46 miles W„ of Stockholm. Tortikgton , Suffex, S. of Arundel. Tortola, an ifland of the Weft In- dies, and the principal of the Virgin Wands. It is about 18 miles long from E. to \V. and 7 in its greateft breadth. It. produces excellent cotton, fugar, and rum, and, within the laft 20 years, has received confiderable improvements. Their fruits, of which they have no great variety, are but indifferent, apples ex- cepted. The entrance into the harbour is at the E. end of the ifland. Tortola was firft fettled by a party of Dutch bucca- neers i thefe, in 166G were driven out by others, who took poffeflion in the name of the king of England. Protection being afforded them, 'Tortola was foon after . an- nexed to the government of the Leeward Wands. Lat. 18. 30. N. Ion. 63. 40 W. Torton, Suffex, between Torrington and Arundel. Torton a, a town of Milan, but ceded to the principality of Piedmont, it has a good citadel, on an eminence, gives name to a diftridl called the l or- tonefe, and is fituated on the Scrinia, 0 miles E. of Alexandria. Tort os a, a large town of Catalonia, founded long before the ( hriftian cera, and named Dordofa, and made a muni- cipal city by Scipio. 1 he cathedral, the royal college. of Dominicans,, i he convent of the Carmelites, the raffle, whicli is a mile lquarc, but in a ftate of decay, and only ferving as a place of rcfiuence for a 3 E governor^ T 0 S govern of, are the moll remarkable public buildings. In its neighbourhood are quarries, and mines of filver, iron, ala- bailer, jafper of divers colours, and flones •with veins of gold. They have a great deal of filk and oil, and very tine potter’s ware, which remfembles porcelain. It is feated on the river Ebro, over which it has a large bridge Of boats, about 15 miles from its mouth, and 77 miles SW. of Barcelona. Tortuga, or Tortuga Salada, an ifland in the W. Indies, about 36 miles in circumference, and uninhabited, TheE. end is full of bare, rugged, broken rocks, which flretch a little way out to fea. Near this end is a large falt-pond, within 200 paces of the fea,, where the fait begins to kern in fpring. There have been 20 fail of merchantmen here at a time for fait, who come hither from May to Augufl, and find tolerably good anchorage at the SE. part*. At the W. extremity there is a fmall harbour, with fome frefh water ; this part is full of low and fhrubby trees. There are fome, but not many goats on it, which live on the coarfc grafs at the EX end ; and the tur- tles, or tortoifes, come upon the fandy bays to lay their eggs, whence this ifland has its name. They are of divers colours, as blackifh, dark brown, light brown, dark green, light green, yellow, and fpeckled. This ifland lies near the coafl of Terra Tirma, 40 miles W. of the ifland of Margaretta. Eat. 11. 30. N. Ion. 04. 50- W. Tortuga, an ifland of the Well In- dies, about two leagues from the NW. end of the ifland of St. Domingo. It is about 40 miles in circumference, and has a very fafe harbour, but difficult of accefs. It was formerly much reforted to by the French buccaneers, who fortified them- felves here, being countenanced and open- ly fupported by the government of France. Lat. 20. 10. N. Ion- 72. 48. W. Tortworth , Surry, W. of Lalam-Fcrry. Torworth , Gloueeflerf. S. of the . Avon, and 4 miles W. of Wotton-under-Edge. In this parifln is a remarkable chefnut'tree, faid to be 1000 years old ; it is 52 feet in circuit .at the trunk. Torworth , Not- tinghamf. in Blithe parifh. Tory, ah ifland on the coaft of Done- gal, in Ireland, about 3 miles long and hardly 1 broad. Lat. 55. 16. N. low. 8. 7. W. Toga, a fmall but Prong fea- port of Catalonia, feated at the bottom of a bay, wkich makes a good harbour, and where TOT veffels are flickered from all winds, ex- cept the SW. It is 23 miles SSE. of Girona. T : iseland, Hun ti n gdo nf. n ear G reat Pax- ton. Toscanella, a town in the Patri- < monio, 9 miles WSW. of yiterbe. Tossens , Great and Little, Northumb. SW. of Rothbury. Tostock , Suff. near ' Wulpit. Totenham, W. of Worcefter. Totham , Great and Little , Effex, N. of Malden. Tuthea, a river in Cardigan- A fhire, which runs into the Pefcotter, in Refcob foreft. Tothill, Lincoln!’. NW. of Alford. Tolley, Derbvf in Scarfdale, • NW. of Cheflerfield. Tota, or Island of Plantains,* an ifland of the Atlantic, on the coafl of Africa, at the mouth of the river Sherbo- rough. Totma, a town ofRuffia, in the go-' vernment of Vologda, 92 miles NE. of Vologda. In the environs, are feveral fait- pits. Totmonslow , Staffordf. near Dray cot. < Toirrell, Dorfetf. in Yateminfler parifh. ; * Totnessj a town of Devonfhire, the chief trade of which is the manufac- , ture of ferges, and other woollens ; but ? here are more gentlemen than merchants, or tradefinen of note. It has a fpacious church, with a fine tower, above 90 feet high, a town-hall, and a fchool-houfe. Provifions of all forts are cheap and plen- . tiful here, particularly good fifh and deli- cate trout. It is feated on the river ( Dart* (over which it has a fine bridge, and j which is here pretty broad, it being but < 7 or 8 miles from the fea, and the tide , flowing 10 or 12 feet at the bridge) 2 7 ' miles SSW. of Exeter, and 196 W. by S« i of London. Markets on Tucfday and Saturday. Tottenham High Cross, a large village of Middlefex, 5 miles N. of London, it is fo called from a crofs, which was eredl- ed here on the place where Queen Elea- nor’s corpfe was refled. It was formerly, a column of wood, raifed upon a hillock ; but was taken down about 200 years ago, and the prefent flrnCture erecled in its flead by Lean Wood. In this parifh are 3 alms-houfes. Of one of them, for eight poor people; it is remarkable, that it was erected by Balthazar Zanches, a Spaniard, who was confectioner to Philip if. of Spain, with whom he came over to Eng-, land, and was the firfl that exercifed that art in this country. He became a Pro- teftant, and died in 1602. A rivulet, call- ed the Mofel, which riles on Muiv.cll- T O IT Hill, near High gate, runs through tire principal ftreet of this village. Tottenham and Park, Wilts, by Save make- Foreft. [7 'ottenhoe, Bucks, by Whaddon. Totter- \down, Somerfetf. near Briftol. Totteridge , Herts, near Barnet and Whetftone. Tot - itington, Lancaf. W of Rochdale. Tot - \tington, Suflex, near Stening. Tot/on, Hants, at the bottom of South'ampton- Bav. Towel, Kent, near Maidfrone. | Toul, a regularly fortified town in the dept, of Meurthe, lately the fee of a bilhop. It is feated on the river Mofelle, over which it has a (lone bridge, 10 miles W. of Nancy, and 167 E. of Paris. Toulomba, a fortrefs of Hindooflan, in the province of Moultan, fituated on the S. bank of theRauvee, 50 miles ENE. of Moultan. Toulon, a celebrated city and fea- port of France, and the chief town of the dept, of Var. Before the revolution, it was the fee of a bilhop, and befkles the cathedral, and other parilhes, contained 9 convents, a feminary, and a college. It is divided into the Old Quarter and the New Quarter. The firft, which is very ill-built, has nothing remarkable in it but the Rue-aux- Arbres, which is a kind of courfe, or mall, and the tow r n-houfe ; the gate of this is furmounted by a balcony, which is fupported by two termini, the mafter pieces of the famous Pujet. The New Quarter, which forms, as it were, a fecond city, contains, belide the magnifi- cent works conftruEled in the reign of Louis XIV. many fine houfes, among which that of the late feminary is, beyond comparifon, the grandeft; and a fpacious, oblong fquare, lined with trees, and ferv- ing as a parade. The harbour, refpecl- ing thefe two quarters, is diftinguilhed likewife by the names of the Old Port, or the Merchant Port, and the New Port. The Merchants’ Haven, along which ex- tends a noble quay, on which ftands the town-houle, is pretexted by two moles, be- gun by Henry IV. The New Haven w r as conltrudled by Louis XLV. after the de- . figns of Vauban, as wore the fortifications of the city and harbours. In the front of this haven is the rope-houfe, built wholly of free-ftone, 620 feet in length, with three arched walks, in which as many parties of rope*makers may work at the fame time ; and above is a place for the prepa- ration of liemp. The long fail-room, the dock yards, the bafins, cannon foundry, armoury, working houfes for blackfmiths, joiners, carpenters, lockfmiths, carvers, &c. a e all very extenfive, and well con- trived. The grilles, transferred from T O U Marfeiltes feme years ago, occupy at Tou- lon a fecond bafin in the New Port. Many of the galley-flaves are art i Ians, and fome are merchants. They no longer ileep on board the gallics, but have been lately provided with accommodations on fhore, in a vail building, newly creeled for that purpofe. The Old and New Harbour lie contiguous, and communi- cate with one another by a canal ; they have alfo an outlet into the extenfive outer road, which is furrounded by hills, and formed by nature almoft circular. The entrance on both fides is defended by a fort with firong batteries'. In 1707, the duke of Savoy and Prince Eugene laid fiege to this city, but without fuccefs. In 1721, it fullered greatly by the plague. The inhabitants were induced to furren- der this city in trull to the Englilh, in September, 1793; but the confequences were dreadful. — Their new friends, in about three months, were driven out of the place; and the precipitation with which the evacuation was efiedled, caufed a great part of the Toulonefe (hips and property to fall into the hands of the en- raged and implacable republicans. Of 31 fhips of the line, which the Englilh found at Toulon, 13 were left behind, 9 were burned at Toulon, and 1 at Leg- horn ; and 4 Lord Hood had previoufly fent to Breft and Rochfori with republi- can feamen, whom he was afraid to trull. The inhabitants are computed at 8o0, 000. Toulon is fituated on a bay of the Medi- terranean, 27 miles SE. of Aix, and 388 SE. of Paris. Lat. 43. 7. N. Ion. - 5. 47. E. Toulon e n Charollois, a town in the dept, of the Saone and Loire, feated on or near the Arroux river, 15 miles NE. of Bourbon Lancy. Toulouse, a city in the dept, of Up- per Garonne, lately the capital of Lan- guedoc, the feat of a parliament, and the fee of an archbilhop. It is the largeft city in France, next to Paris and Lyons, al- though its population bears no propor- tion to its extent; containing only about 60,000 inhabitants. It was anciently the capital of the Tedtofcigcs, who made fo many conquefls in Alia and Greece. It was next a Roman colony, and was fuc- celfively the capital of the Vifigoths (who deltroyed the* fuperb amphitheatre, of which there are (till fomc remains, the capitol, and other Roman monuments) and that of Aquitaine. The firects are moftly broad, and the walls and houfes are built of brick. The town-houfe, a modern ftrudjure, forms a perfect fquire, 824 feet long, and G6 high. It is called 3 E 2 the TOP ♦He Capitolium , and the aldermen are termed Gap it on Is. Among' other curio- fities preserved in it, are 15 large parch- ment folios, delicately written and illu- minated, being partly annals of t! e-’city, with portraits and n^mes of the capitouls, and partly of the memorable events and tranfadions throughout the whole king- dom, commencing from the year 1288. 'They were drawn up originally in Latin, but under Francis J. were altered to French. The principal front occupies an entire fide of the grand future, lately call- ed the Place Rovale. From it fine fixa- tion, communicating with the ocean on one fide, and with the Mediterranean on the othgf, by the celebrated canal of Lan- guedoc, which joins the Garonne a little below the town, Tonloufe might have been a very commercial city; but the talle of the inhabitants has been princi- pally for the feie laces and belles-lettres. Of courfe, here were two colleges, two public libraries,’ and three academies. The little, commerce of Touloufe eonfifts in Spanifh wool and carpets, together with Xome flight filk and woollen fluffs. The bridge over the Garonne is, at leaf!;, equal to thofe of Tours and Orleans : it forms the communication between the fuburb of St. Cyprian and the city. The quays extend along the banks of the Garonne; and it has been in contemplation to line them with new and uniform houfes. Tpu- louie is 126 miles SE. of Bourdeaux, and 35(> S. by W . of Paris.. Tour aine, a cl-dcvant province of France, N. of Berry and Poitou, E. of Anjou, and S. of Maine; and divided in- to Higher and Lower. The river Loire runs through the middle, it is about 58 miles in length, and 55 in breadth, and is watered by feveral rivers, very commo- dious for trade, and is, in general, fo- pteafant and fertile a country, that it is called the Garden of France. Tour de -Roussillon^, a town in the dept, of the Eaflern Pyrenees, feated near the river Tet, (on a fpot where once flood a city, called Rufcino) two miles E. of Perpignan. Tour-du -Pin, a town in the dept, of Ifere, fituated on a lmall river of the fame name, 27 miles SE. of Lyons. Tour-la-Ville, a town in the dept, of the Channel, almofl adjoining to Cher- burg. It is celebrated for a manufacture of glafs. Tournay, a city of Flanders, gene- rally ^onfidered >as the moft ancient town of Relate Gaul, and once the capital of the Nciviu It is, at prelent* a confidera- T o w ble place, and was lately the capital of the Tournayfis. It has feveral fine mamt- 1 fa&ories, and is particularly famous for | good ftockings. Tournay was taken by the allies, . under the duke of Marlbo- rough and prince Eugene, in 1709, and ij ceded to the houfe of Auftria, by the- treaty of Utrecht; though the Dutch put in a garnfon, as being one of the barrier towns. It is extremely well fortified,, and is feated on the river Scheldt, which divides it into two parts, that are united by^a bridge, 14 miles S. by E. of Lille, and 135 N. by E- of Paris. Tour non, a town in the dept, ef Ar- deche, feated near the river Rhone, 24 miles SSW. of Privas. Tournay, a town in the dept, of the Upper Pyrenees, 9 miles SE. ofTarbes- Four Nils, a town in the dept, of Saone and Loire, feated on the rives Saonc, 13 miles S. of Chalons, and 202- S. by W. of Paris. Tours, a confiderable city*, capital of the dept, of .Indre and Loire, feated oa ; the Loire, -and near the Cher. Over the; former is one of the finefr bridges in Eu- rope, confifting of 15 -elliptical arches* each 75 feet diameter ; three of thefe were-: carried away by the breaking \tp of the ice in 1789. i his bridge is terminated, in a fine which croffes the whole city, by a fireet.2400 feet long, with foot pavements on each fide; and lined with fine build-, ings recently erected. Under the minif-' try of Cardinal Richelieu, 27,000 perfons? were employed here in the filk manufac-j ture ; at prefent, the whole number of* inhabitants is about 33,000. The 'red, wines made here are much efteemed. 1 Tours is 127 miles SW. of Paris. 'Fours, a 'town in the dept, of the Pay de Dome. Tourville, a town in the dept, of the Eure, 11 miles SW. of Pont de P Arche. Tqus-era, a town of Africa, in Bi- lcdulgcrid, feated in a country abounding in dates, and dependant on Tunis. Lat. 32. 30. N. Ion. 10. 55. E. Toasey, Bucks, in Tame parifh. Tou'Oy a river in Carmarthcnfhire, which runs in- to the Co wen at Clear. * Towcester, a banilfome, old, popu-l Ions town of Nortliamptonfhire, with a flourilhing manufactory of lace and filk.! It is fituated on two breams, into which ! the little river Tove, or VV edon, is di- j vided, which encompafles the town, and over which it has three bridges, 29 miles; S. of Northampton, and (30 NYV. of Lon- • doii- Market on Tuefday. ibuivr fooi\ Lincolnlhire, between TatteiM TRA Yatterfhal and Horncaftle, a building of Treat antiquity, (itiiated on a barren aioor. It con lilts of a (lender, octagonal •ower, now ruinous : its ufie unknown. TownavWy , in Donegal, Lifter. Tow ridge, a river of Devon (hire, which rifi's near the fource of the 1 a mar, ibout4 miles from Hartlarid Point, whence t runs in a SE. courfe to IddDfley, where li t is joined by theOke, and palling byTor- ririgton, Biddeford, &c. enters the Severn at Barnfiaple-Bav, about 2 miles below. Appledore, where it is joined by the Taw. 1 Towes, Lincolnf. W. of Louth- To- ■vin, Corn will, ' of Gram pound. To- y-in, a river in Montgomerylhire. Town, Cornwall, W. of Padftow. Toxcn-Bo - rough, Kent, near Appledore. To cntey, Lancaf. S. of Burnley. Town-Place, Kent, by Tbrowlev. Ton' ns fall, Devon (hire, near Dartmouth, has a tower f>9 feet high, |thaf is a fea-mark. Tvwre , Lincolnf. N. of Tatterfnal Chace. Tore thorp, Y orkf. NE. of Wilton. Tnwthrrp, N. of York. VTowfon, S. of Nottingham, has a ferry Dvcr the Trent. Towfoti, Y orkf. 3 miles ind a half SE. of Tadcafter, famous for a bloody battle between the forces of the hcrufes of York and Lancafter, on Balm Sunday, 1461. The Yorkifts gained a complete victory, and 36,000 men, of whom 9 were noblemen, belidcs many knights and efquires, fell in the battle and purfuit. Towy, a river of South Wales, which rifes in Cardigan (hire, enters Carmarthen- rfliire at- its NE. extremity, meanders fh ron >;h a beautiful vale, called the : v ale [jof Towy, neatly fprinkled with houfes and villages on its borders, and, parting |)by Carmarthen, enters the Briftol Chan- nel at Towy Haven, 9 or 10 miles below 1 that tpwn. I \Towyn, Merionethfhire. I Townsend, a town of Malfachufetts, i ’ 36 miles NW. of Bofton. Towynmy, a river of Montgomerylhire, win h runs into the Dowy, 5 miles NE. f of Machvnleth. I Trablejidd, ifle of Wight, inE.Medna. I TraCHENEURG, a town, capital of a • principality of Silefia, 23 miles NW. of Gels. [ /Traconia, the modern name of Ar- cadia. I Tr acton Abbey, in Cork, Munfter. L Trafalgar, a cape or promontory, in Andalufia, at the entrance of the Straits oP Gibraltar, 30 miles ESE. of Cadiz. Lat. 36. 11. Nr Ion. • 1. W. ;; Tr afford Bridge, NE. of Chefter. Tra- fbi'd, Lancai. SVV. of Mancheiter. T R A communicates with nil the late inland na- vigations. Tragardev , Cornwall, NE. ot Truro. Tragarth , a river in Brecknock- (hire, which runs into the Melta, above lftradwelthy. TraJanapoli, a town of Romania, fituated on the Mariza, 40 miles S. of Adrianople. 'Prajetto, a town of Lavora, Naples. Traina, a town and river of Sicily, in the Val-di-Demona. Trainer nail- Cove, in Cork, Munfter. * Tralee, the (hire town of Kerry, in Munfter. Confiderahle quantities of her- rings are taken in the bay, which, how- ever, is fo (hallow, that velfels of 50 or 60 tons cannot come within a mile of the town. On the N- fide there is a fine cha- lybeate fpa. It is 144mifiesSW. of Dublin. Tratong, in Cork, Munfter. . Trumore , in Waterford, I\1 under. Tra-los-Montes, or Tras-os- Mont.es, a province of Portugal, lying on the other fide of the Mountain ofMa- rao, with r fpec.fi to the province of Entre Donro e Minho, wl.epce it had its name, (t is bounded on the N. and E. by Spain ; on the W.-by Entre Douro e Minho \ and on the S. by Beira, and a part of Leon. The. vallles are fertile in wine, oily and fruits, and abound in Cattle, but, in ge- neral, it is wild, barren, and thinly in-' habited, It contains 2 cities, .27 villas or towns, and 549 par idles/ with about 135,800 inhabitants. , Trcimnore, Chefhire, S. of Liverpool- Haven. Tranby, Yorkf. W. of Hull. 'ranchin, a town and county of Hungary, abounding in mineral (brings. Trancoso, a town of Tra-los-Mon- tes, 9 miles W. of Pinhel. Tranent, a fimall town of E- Lothi- an, between Haddington and Edinburgh. Its chief de pen dance is on its coal-works, which have been carried on for many years, even under the town, but now ex- tended to the circumjacent country. It is remarkable for a verv ancient church, faid to be built by the Pidfis, and is about 9 miles SSE. of Edinburgh, I rani, a town of Naples, capital of Bari, decayed fitnee the harbour has b and N. of Cordova, in the vice- royalty Of Buenos Ayres. The air is hot, and the earth fandy, and almofl without Pones j it is, however, very well watered, producing great plenty of cotton, wa>:, honey, paftel for dyeing, and a variety of fruits, with roots, Indian wheat, &rc. Vaft numbers of cattle are bred here, and the fheep are very large and Prong, (being ul'ed for carriage by the natives) but with fine wool. They have plenty of deer and other game, with lions and tygers in their woods. The original natives, who live in final 1 villages clofe to one another, are fomcvvhat civilized by the Spaniards, being covered with cotton and woollen manufactures. Tucuyo, a town of Terra Firma, in Venezuela, in a valley of the lame name. A river runs through the middle of the town and valley ; the air is good, and the. foil abounds in fugar- cancs, cotton, and the neceffaries of life. Lat 7. 31. N. Ion. 67. 40. W. luddenham , Suffolk, near Ipfwich. Tuddenhum , Suffolk, SW. of Lackford. Tuddenham , E. IV. and N. Norfolk, E. of Dereham. Tuddey , S. of Durham. Tud- dijord, Hants, between Lymington and Chriffchurch. Tuddington, a fmall town of Bed- fordlhirc, with a fmall market on Tha'rf- day, almoft difiifed. It is 5 miles N\V. of Dunffable, and 37 NW. of London. Tuddington, Gloucefi between Winch- comb and Campden. Tuddingion , or Ted- dington , Middlefex, on the Thames, ad- joining Hampton, a mile NW. of King- Pon. X u d E l a , a town of Spain, in Navarre, feated on the river Ebro, 45 miles NW. of Saragoflk, and 146 NNE. of Madrid. Alfo a town of Leon, 5 miles E. of Val- ladolid, and a town of New Grenada, in S. America. Tuddey, Kent, 2 miles SE. of Tun- bridge. Tudsham, or Tulskam Hall, Kent, near W eft Farley. Tudworth, North, Wiltfhire, 6 miles NE. of Ambrefbury. Tudworth, South . Hants, by North Tud- worth Tudy, St. Cornwall, SE. of Pad- flow- Haven. Tue, St. Cornwall, SE. of Trego ny. Tverskoe, a government of Ruffin, bounded on the N. by Novgorod&oe, and on the E. by jarbflav and Vladomir. It was once an independent i'overeignty, called the Duchy of Tver, and afterwards comprifeu in the. government of Novogo- T v E rod. The number of inhabitants in this cliff rid has of late increafed very much. The country produces plenty of grain, hemp, flax, and vegetables. Its foretls yield oak, birch, alder. See. and here are vaft numbers of wild and tame quadru- peds, with a variety of birds, eagles, fal- cons, cranes. See. Befidc the fifties com- mon to molt lakes and rivers, there is a fifh which is peculiar to the waters of thefe northern regions. It is called the fterlel, the acipenser ruthenus, of Linnams, and is a fpecies of fturgeon, highly efleemed for the flavour and delicacy of its ffcfh, and for its roe, of which the fineft caviare is made. T ve r, a conliderable eommercial town of Ruflia, capital of the government of the fame name, and feated at the conflu- ence of the Tvcrza and the Volga, along which are conveyed all the goods and mer- chandife fent by "water from Siberia, and the fou them provinces toward Peterfburgh. It is divided into the old and new town : the former, fituated on the oppofite fide of the Volga, confifts almofl entirely of wooden cottages : the latter having been deftroyed by a dreadful conflagration in 1763, has been much improved in being re-built. The ernprefs ordered a regular and beautiful plan of a new town to be made ; enjoining all the houfes to be con- ftrudled according to this model. At her own expence, fhe raifed the governor’s ho ufe, the epifcopal palace, the courts of j office, the exchange, the prifon, and fome other public edifices; and to every perfoh „ who engaged to build a houfe of brick, fhe offered a loan of 301)1. for a year, with- out intereft. The money which Ihe ad- vanced on this occafion, amounted to 60,0001. and fhe has fince remitted one- third of this fum. The ftreets, which are broad and long, ilfue in ftraight lines from an odlagon in the centre. The houfes are of brick iluccoed white, and make a mag- nificent appearance. The plan, when com- pleted, was to comprife two octagons, with feveral ftreets leading from them, and interfering each other at right angles. Here is an ecclefiaftical feminary, which admits 600 ftudents. In 1776, the cm- prefs founded a fchool for the inftrudlion of 200 burghers’ children ; and, in 1779, an academy was alio opened in this town, for the education of the young nobility of the province, at the public charge. It ad- mits 120 ftudents, who are mitrudled in foreign languages, arithmetic, geography, fortification, tadtics, natural philofophy, mufic, riding, dancing. See. Ever is 99 miles NNW. of Mofcow. Tueslcy > T U L Tttesfey, Surry, in G tidal min parilh. Tnjjidd, Oxfartlf. near Nettleb'ed, through which the Grimfditch runs to Colnbrook. Tujjlsy-fcourt, by Gloucefter. Tujtes, Ef- fex, near Little Backlow and Malden. Tujlon, Kent, in Rainham parilh. Tuft on ,- Suflex, in Nordiham parilh. Tag by, Lei- cefterf. N. of Ilallaton. Tuoeloo, a town of Georgia, in N. America. Tugeloo, a river of Georgia, in N. America, one of the branches of the Sa- vanna, which runs into the Keowee, 28 miles NvV. of Peterfburgh. Tug ford , Shropf. NW . of Brown-Clee- Hill. Tuggel , or Tughcdl , Northumberl. in Vefey barony. Tuggurt, or Tocaort, a tow.n of Africa, in the country of Algiers, 240 miles SSF.. of Algiers. Tula, a city of Ruffin* capital of a government, and containing, according to Bufching, 144 churches and convents. It has Come manufactures of fire arms and leather, and is lituated on the Upha, 1 12 miles S. of Moicow. Tulldghnanseve ; fee Sainifidd . Tnl- lahane , in Leitrim, Connaught. Tulla- viore , in Antrim, Lifter. Tullamor e , in Down, Lifter. ‘Tullamore, a town of King’s County, in Lei niter, lituated on the river Clodagh or Tullamore, which divides the town nearly into two equal parts, near the grand canal, 46 miles WNW. of Dublin. TaUanstozen, in Louth, Lei niter. Tulles, a town in the dept, of Cor- rode, before the revolution, the capital of Lower Liinolin, and fee of a bilhop. The cathedral is famous for its fteeple, which is very high and curious. ,lt is lituated in a country full of mountains and precipices, at the confluence of the rivers Carteze and Solane, 37 miles SE. of Limoges. Tullow, a town of Carlow, in Lein- Iter, 8 miles ESE. of Carlow, and 38 SSYT. of Dublin. Tullyclea, a river of Fermanagh, in Ulfter, which runs into Lough Earne, 4 miles N. from Ennelkillen. Tally, in Kildare, Leinfter. Tullycar- bet , in Monaghan, Lifter. Tullyo-donald, in Donegal, Uifter. Tullyvallcn , in Ar- magh, Lifter. Tuln, a town of Anftria, near the Wienarwald, or Wood of V Leona. It is feated on or near the river Tuln, 15 miles M NVV. of Vienna. Tulrqhan , m Mayo, Connaught. Tulsk, in Roicommon, Connaught. T tJ N TumaNSKOI, all illand of Ruffia^m the Frozen Ocean, about 3C0 mile, in circumference. It is of a triangular form* and lies N. of the ille of kirlach, froni which it isfeparated by a narrow channel. Lat. 71 . 50. to 73. N. Ion. 11. 1 9- Tumbey , Line, hear Tatterlhal-Chace. Tumbez, a town of Pima, in Pern* conlifting of about 70 honfes, built ot cane, and thatched, it is lituated near a river of the fame name, which Empties it- felf into the hay of Guaquil, alipolt op polite to the illand of St. Clare. Lat. 3 . 13. S. Tumel, a rapid river of Perthlhirc, which, after forming many beautiful ca- taracts, fpreads into a lake, called Loch Tumel, and afterwards falls into the Garry. Tamil lev, Somerfetf. near Milbourn- Port, 3 miles from Shcrborn. * Tunbridge, a town of Kent, con- fining of houfes moftly ill-built, and the ftreets but indifferently paved. Here is a famous free- IchooJ, founded by a nati\e, of the town, in the reign of Queen Eli- zabeth. Tunbridge is feated on the river Tun, one of the five little ftreams of the Medway, over each of which is a ftotne bridge, 14 miles SSW. of Maidftone, and 30 SE. by S. of London. Market on Friday. Tunbridge Wells, a town of Kent, 5 miles S. of Tunbridge, but in the fame parilh. It is much reforted to in fummer, on account of its chalybeate waters, it is feated at the bottom of three hills, call- ed Mount Sinai, Mount Ephraim, and Mount Pica-fan t, on which are fcattered houfes, orchards, and gardens ; and as the country here is naturally wild, the ef- fect of the whole is romantic and piCtu- rcfque. Here are the buildings requiiite for the accomodation of the vilitants, with a plentiful market, and Ibops noted for their elegant turnery ware. About a mile and a half from the Wells, are ftu- pendous rocks, in feme parts 75 feet high, the mean height being 40 ; they have the appearance of the hu’ks of large men of war, rangedxlofe together. Sur- prifing clifFs and cha'fms are interfperfed, w r ith narrow, gloomy paffages that lead through the midft of them. The water is a great deobftruent and bracer, operates by urine and pdrfpiration, and is efficaci- ous in cold, chronical diftempers, weak nerves, and bad digeftion. Tunjord, Herttorcif. SE. of Wcrmley. TmJord , or Tonijord , Kent, near Then- ington. Tungebadra, T U N Ngebadra, a river of HindaofLin, ■Which runs into the Kiftriah, 7 miles E. of Rachore, in the country of Golconda. Tunja, a town that gives name to a diflridl of Terra Firma, in New Granada, 30 miles SYV. of Truxillo. Tunis, a city of Barbary (called by Diodorus Siculus/ Leucon Tuneta , that is, 1-Vhite Tunis , perhaps from the chalky cliffs that lie round it, when viewed from thefeal, and capital of a kingdom of the fame name. It is in the! form of an ob- long- fquafe, and is rather more than 3 miles in circumference, including the fu- burbs- Here are five gatds, and the num- ber of houfes, according to Dr. Shaw, is about 12,000. The bey's palace, where the divan alienable, the great mofque, with an exchange, a c idiom houfe, and an arfenal, are the only buildings of note. Here are 9 colleges, for fludents, and 86 petty fchoois, with dodlors of the Maho- metan law, partly maintained by the 'pub- lic. The janizaries are quartered in bar- racks. The harbour, which has a very narrow entrance, is defended by a caitlc, which is its chief defence, and the fortrels of Goletta, fituated on the tide of a canal, but not carefully fup ported. in the city they have no water, but what is obtained at a mile’s difiance. Here are Englifh, French, Dutch, and other European con- fuls, who are. treated with civility and refpedl, the Tunifians having little of the infolent haughtinefs of the Algerines, and being, by far, the molt civilized nation of Barbary. Tunis has long been famous for the manufacture of linen and woollen goods, for the fale of which, there is a piazza of vafi extent, near the centre of the city, which is laid formerly to have contained not lefs than 3000 fhops. The inhabitants, indeed, are more intent on trade than plundering - and cruifing. it as fituateii on a rifing ground, on the \V. bank ol a lake, among lakes and marfhes, which, however, do not rentier it un- healthy, (which is, by Dr. Shaw, attri- buted to the number of maffick and myr- tle trees, rpfemary, and other gummy, aromatic, plants, with which they heat their ovens and baths) in iat. 36. 42. N. and Ion. 10 . 16» E. Tunis, a country of Africa, ufually dignified with the title of kingdom, bounded on the N. and E. by the Medi- terranean, and the -kingdom of Tripoli ; ©n the S. by feveral tribes of the Arabs ; and on the W. by the kingdom of Al- giers, and the country of Elab ; extend- ing about 200 miles from N, to S. and TUN 120 from P.. to W. This country was formerly fubjedf to the emperor of -Mo- rocco, and afterwards, for a fpace of time, became a pow r erfql and independent kingdom. In the year 1538, it was over- run by Barbarofia, and notwithftanding the endeavours of Charles V. and his fuc- celfors, was made a province of the Otto- man emp ire, under Selim II. by Si nan, balhaw of the Levant. At prelent, the whole kingdom is divided into two cir- cuits, the fumnaer and the winter, which the bey makes in perfon, through his do* minions, at thofe two feafons. It is now, therefore, conlidered as a republic, under the protection of the I'urks; and a ba- lhaw ltill refides here, although, in power and influence, he is a mere cypher. The beyfhip is hereditary, and independent both of the Porte and the divan, but is feldom filled up, when vacant, without violence and bloodfhed. The air, in ge- neral, is healthy, but the foil in the eafl- ern parts is but indifferent, for want of water. Toward the middle, the moun- tains and vallies abound in fruits ; but the northern part of the bey’s fummer circuit is by far the moll fertile, pleafant and populous, and hath the greatelt num- ber of cities, villages, and dowars. The environs of Tunis, the capital city, are ' very dry, upon which account corn is generally dear. However, there are plenty of citrons, lemons, oranges, dates, grapes, and other fruits. There are alio olive- trees, rofes, and odoriferous plants. In the woods and mountains are lions, wild beeves, ofiriches, monkeys, cameleons, roe-bucks, hares, pheafams, partridges, and other forts of birds and beafts. The moll remarkable rivers are the Guadiloar- ■ bar, Magrida, Mageada, and Gaps. Tiuj Tunifians, in general, trade in horfes, olives, oil, foap, and ollriches egg s and featheis ; and they export to France, in particular, corn, oil, beans, lentils, wax, hides, and Morocco Ikins; receiving, in exchange, Spanilh wool, Languedoc cloths, Ver- million, fugar, pepper, cloves, wine, brandy, paper, Hardware, iron, and fteel. The Italian trade is wholly carried on by the jews. The 1 urks and Moors export to the Levani, woollen fluffs, lead, gold- duft and chequins, and a vail number of bales of caps; and bring, in return, lilks, calicoes, iron, alum, and vermilion. They fend much the fame kind of commodities into Egypt. They import, in exchange from thence, linen, cotton, rice, fax, and coffee. The number ol i bench fhips freighted at Tunis, by 'l urks, MoorsFand Jews, TUB. J^ws, amounts yearly to about 1 50 to the Levant, and 50 for Franceand Italy; as for thofe of the Englifh, their number is uncertain. Tunley and Daneway , Gloucef. ham- lets to Biflev. Tunstall, Devonlhire, near Torbay. Tunstall. , Durham, near Stran- ton. Tunstall, Kent, near Sittingbourn, 2 miles S. of Milton. Tunstall, Lancaf. S. of Kirby Lonfdale. Tunstall, Norf. \V. of Yarmouth. Tunstall, Staff', in Sugenthall Manor. Tunstall, Staff'. N. of Wolverhampton. Tunstall, Suffolk, NE. of Woodbridge. Tunstall, Yorkf. NE. ofHeadon. Tunstall, Yorkf. S. of Richmond. Twisted , Derbyfhire, in the High Peak. Tunwelt, Herts, near Thun- dridge. Ti my quin, in Rofcommon, Connaught. Tupham , Line, near Horncaftle. Tup- pe-ndens , axTubbenden, Kent, in the pa- rifnes of Orpington and Farnborow. Tup- ton, Derbyfhire, near Chelterfield. Tur A, a river of Ruffia, which rifes in the province of Ekaterinburg, and emp- ties itfelf into the Tobol, oppofite Tur- chanikoi, in the government of Tobolik. Tur a, a fmall ifland in the Grecian Archipelago. Lat. 39. 34. N. Ion. .24. 8. E. Turbursey , Cambridgefhire, N. of Ely. Turckheim, a town in the depart- ment of Upper Rhine, 3 miles W. of Col- mar; a town of Mindelheim, in Suabia ; and a town of Worms, Upper Rhine, fituated on the Rhine, 4 miles N. of W onus. Turcoin, a town in the department of the North, 6 miles NNE. of Lille. It is remarkable for an unfortunate conflict. May 18, 1794, (in which the Britifh, Au- ifrfan, Hanoverian, and other allied forces under the Duke of York, General Clair- fryt, &c. were compelled to retreat with great lofs) and which decided the fate of the Netherlands. The Britifh troops alone loll upwards of 1000 men, and 43 pieces of cannon. 'Pur comania, that part of Armenia that belongs to the Turks. Turenne, a town in the department of Correz 15 miles SSW . of Tulle. Turenburo, a town of Samland, in Pruflia, 16 miles WNW. of Koninglberg. Tuvfield , Bucks, near Wycomb. Tur- field, Gloucef. E. of Chipping Sodbury. Turforn , or Twiford, Shropfhire, SE. of Ofweflry. Turges, Hants, W. of Ever- fley. Turgh, a river of Montgomeryf. which rifes on the W. fide of the county, and running eaftward till it reaches the foot of Mount Golway, turns to the N. TUR and after receiving the Wurway, falls in- to the Tanat. Turghe, a river in Ca.r- marthenfhire, which runs into theCothey, below Capcl Lapymfent. Turin, anciently called Taurini, a city of Italy, the capital of Piedmont* and refi deuce of its fovereign, the king of Sardinia, with an university. It is charm- ingly feated on a vaft plain, at the conflu- ence of the rivers Doria and Po. It is one of the handfomeft places in Italy, but the air is thick and moilt in autumn and winter, on account of the thick fogs. The approaches to it are magnificent, and the environs beautiful. Moft of the ftreets are well built, uniform, clean, flraight, and terminating on Tome agreeable objedL No inhabitant -can . rebuild or repair his houfe but on an uniform plan, laid down by government, for the improvement of the city. The Strada-di-Po, the fineft and largeft in the city, leads to the royal palace, and is adorned with piazzas that are at once beautiful and. convenient. The royal palace confifts of two magnificent ftru£hires, in a fipiple but noble fly le of architecture, joined together by a gallery* in which arc feveralpidtures, ftatues, and antiquities of great value. The furniture is rich and elegant, and the floors are cu- riouily inlaid with various kinds of wood, and kept always in a flate of fhining brightnefs. The fortifications of Turin, are regular, and kept in excellent repair. The citadel is a regular pentagon, con fill- ing of 5 flrong bafrions, and is reputed one of the ftrongefl in Europe. There are fine walks on the ramparts, which re- quire two hours to pafs ro f und them. There are alfo very fine gardens on the fide of the river Po ; and the houfe called La Cbarite is remarkable, as there is room for 3000 poor people. The college of the academy is very large and well, built, and has a great number of ancient inferiptions. The chief trade of the city and country is in thrown filk, which is fent to England and Lyons: iome of it they manufacture into excellent (lockings, and filk for furniture. Turin is the fee of an archbilhop, and contains 110 churches or chapels, feveral- hofpkals, and about 65,000 inhabitants. The French befieged this city, in 1706, for upwards of S' months, but were- totally defeated, and compelled to raifi? the fiege by Prince Eugene and the Duke of Savoy. Lat. 45, 5. N. Ion. 7. 45. E. Turk Dean, Glouceflerfhire, 3 miles N. of Northleach. Turk Islands, a duller of fmall iflands, intermingled with the Bahamas, a F ' The T tr K 'The largeft is fituntedin lat. 21. 26. N. and Ion. 70. 52. W. Turkestan, otTuran, a country ©f Alia, hounded on theN. by deferts, on the IS. by Kalmuck Tartary, on the S. by Bukharia, and on the W. by Charafm, near 300 miles in length, and not much lefs in l>readth. It is divided between two Tartar khans, or chiefs; one of whom, refiding at Tafchkant, poflefles the eaftern part ; the other, who poflefles the weflern part, refides at Turkeftan or Taraz-, (fituated on a fmall river that runs into the Sir, in lat. 44. 45. N. and Ion. 69. 13. E.) The latter is generally called the khan of the Karakalpacks. in a large fenfe, Turkeftan includes all the country, between Ruflia, Bucharia, the Calpian fea, and Chinefe Tartary, extending not lefs than 700 utiles from E. to W. and 350 from N. to S. Turkey, a very large empire, extend- ed over part of Europe, Alia, and Africa. Turkey in Europe contains Bcfiarabia, Moldavia, Walachia, Bulgaria, Servia, Bofnia, Romania, Macedonia, Janna, Li- vadia, Epirus, Albania, part of Dalmatia, the Morea, and the iflands of the Archi- pelago. Turkey in Afia contains the countries of I rac- Arabia, Diarbcck, Cur- diftan, Turcomania, part of Circaflia, Natolia, and Syria, with Paleftine. In Africa, the Turks have Hill a precarious Sovereignty over Egypt and part of Nubia. Conftanlinople is the capital of all Tur- key. In general the Turks are moderate in eating, and lovers of red and idlenefs ; and by their haughtinefs, dcfpife manu- factures, improvements', and traffic. Poly- gamy is allowed among them; but their wives are no more than four in number. They are charitable towards Grangers, let their relig on be what it will, and no na- tion fullers adverfity with greater patience than they. The grand lignior is abfoiute mafter of the goods and lives of his fub- je£ts : he afiliir.es the titles of God upon Earth, the Shadow of God, the Brother of the Sun and Moon, the Difpofer of Crowns, Sec. The grand vizier is the chief in power next the emperor, with a falary of about 600,000 dollars a year, ex- clufive of prefents and other perquifites. Mere, however, it may be obferved, that though the grand lignior hasfpch prodi- gious power, he leldom extends it to thofe that live a private life, for thefe may re- main as nuiQt as in any other part of the world. 'The Turks were originally a Scythian, or Tartar nation, dwelling be- twixt the Black and Calpian Seas, and became firlt known in the 7tU century, T tJ R wtienHerodius, emperor of the eafi, foot: them into his fervice ; after which the Arabian and Saracen caliphs had particu- lar bodies of them for guards, and filled their armies with them. Having gradu- ally got the power into their own hands* feveral governors of this nation revolted from the caliphs. In the year 1214, Schali Soliman, prince of Nera, a town on the Calpian Sea, palled Mount Caucafus with an army of 50,000 men, making himfelf mafter of feveral countries and places in Teller Afia. His grandfon, Othman, in the year 1300, at the city of Karahiflar, aflumed the title of emperor of the Oth- mans, and called his people after his own name. Exclufive of many other towns, in 1326, he took Prufa, in Bithynia, now called Bnrfa, which his fon and fuccdlbf Orchan made the feat of his empire. Or- chan fent his 2 fons,' Solyman and Amu- rath, on an expedition into Europe; the founer of whom reduced the city of Gal- lipoli, and the latler took Tyrilos. Amu- rath, fucceeding his father in 1360, cor* : quered A nlyra, Adrian ople, and Philipop- 5 polis. In 1362, he inftituted the janiza- J lies, overran Servia, and fell upon Mace- donia and Albania. His fon and fucceflor ! Bajazet was fuccefsful both in Europe and Afia, defeating the Chriftians near Nico- polis; but in 1 401, he himfelf was routed and taken priioner by Tamerlane. His fon Amurath, diftinguilhed himfelf by fe- veral important enterprises, and particu- larly in the year 1 444, gained a fignal vie- ■ tory over the Hungarians near Varna. ! Mahomet IT. the greateft, or perhaps, moll * fortunate of all the emperors, in the. year 1453, made himfelf mafter of Conftanti- nople, reducing the wholeGrecian empire under his dominion. lie fubdued 12 kingdoms, and took 200 towns. Baja- zet II. Selim I. and Solyman I. enlarged the Turkifn empire, in Europe, Afia, and Africa ; but the fucceeding emperors have not been ib fortunate. In the fucceflion to the empire, no regard is paid to age or birth-right, the Turks thinking itfuf- ficient, if, in their elections, they keep to the Ottoman family. Women, however, are excluded from the throne. The num- ber of the janizaries, who are all infantry, and the flower of the Turkifti forces, is generally 40,000. The navy is laid .up at Confta.ntinople, near the. arfenal, and confifts of about 40 men of war, exclufive of Auxiliary and hired lhips,~ and gallies of 2, 3, and 4 benches of oars. The Englifh trade here has for fome years been greatly on the decline. ( In the iflands, the mer- chants an? gem rally French. The I’urks believe TUR believe in one God, and that his great prophet is Mahomet. Turk Mountain, in Kerry, Mun- Fer- It is fituated near Killarney Lake, and affords one of the moF beautiful na- tural profpe porilhes, and about 28,700 inhabitants. The foil varies exceedingly ; in fome parts it is rich and fertile, in otiiers rough and mountainous, but in general cultivated. Near Dungannon are lome collieries. The aflize town is Omagh. The bleach-greens in it are principally fituated in the neigh- bourhood of Dungannon, Cookfro.wn,ancl Stewartllown. The linen manufactory is ell.imated, at 257,4441. yearly. Tysoe, Warwicldhire, at the Ikirt of Edgehill; had a market. Tysted, a tovyn of Alburg, in N. Jutland, fituated on a river, which runs into the Lymford Gulph, 40 miles W. of Alburg. Tz aritzyn, a town of HulTia, in Sa- ratof, fituated on the river Volga, 18U miles S. of Saratof. V A B 7"AAS, a town in the dept, of the V Sarte, 21 miles S. of Le .Mans.. Vaast, St. a town in the dept, of the Channel, with a fmai: harbour, and fome fait- works. It is 14 miles ESE. of Cherburg. VabriiS, a town In the dept, of Avci- rpn, before the revolution, me lee of a bi- ftiop. It has fome manufactures of forges, VAC dimities, and cottons, and is feated at the juwtion of two fmall fivers, which foon after run into the 'j’arn, 3D miles SSL. of Kodez. V acarica, a town ofBcira.' Vacca La, a fmall bland in the Me- diterranean, near the S. coal! of the bl ind of Sardinia, and about 3 gules S. from the bland of Ahtioca. 3 I’ 3 Vach V A L Vach, one of the finaller Lepari iilajids in the Mediterranean. Fetch, Bucks, near Amerfham. Vacha, a town of Upper Hefle* circle of Upper Rhine, fituated on the Werra, 20 miles NR. of Fulda. Vache, or Cow Island, an ifland in the Weft Indies, of a triangular form, about 24 miles in circumference. It is about 12 miles diftant from the S. coaft of the ifland of St. Domingo. Lon. 74. 13. W. Vacheluce, one of the Lepari illands m the Mediterranean, about 3 miles S. of Stromboli. Vackaleer, a town of Hindooftan, in the Myfore country, 27 miles ENE. of Bangalore. Vachcrry , Surry, in Cranley parifh. Vada, a fea-port ofTufcany, 16 miles SSE. of Leghorn. Vado, a fea-port of Genoa, 3 miles S, of Savona. VaPSTEIN. SeeWADSTENA. Vaena, a town of Cordova, in Spain. Vaigar, an ifland of Ruflia, in the Frozen Ocean, about 24 miles in length, and 8 broad. It is fituated on the N. fide of the Straits of Vaigatfkoi, in lat. 75. 30. N. and Ion. 52. 15. E. Vajingen, a town of Wirtemburg, fituated ori the Enz, 11 miles NW. of Stuttgart. Vaiseaux, a fmall ifland on the coaft of Louifiana r between the mouths of the Miftifllppi and the Mobile, with a har- bour. Vais on, a town of France, in the Vc- naiflin, feated on the Oueze, near the ruins of ancient Vaifon, (which was one of the largeft cities of the Gauls) 15 miles NE. of Orange. Val. SeeLAVELD. Valdai A, a town of Rufiia, in the government of Novogorod. It contains feveral new brick buildings ; and even the wooden houfes are more decorated than the generality of the Ruffian cot- tages. It is fituated upon an agreeable Hope, on a lake of the lame name, 72 miles SE. of Novogorod. Valdaia Mills, hills of Rufiia, in Novogorod, which, though of no con- fiderable elevation, are the higheft in this part of the country. Valdaia, Lake, of, in Novogorod, is about 20 miles in circumference, and is the largeft in the country round the town of Valdaia. In the middle of it is an ifland, containing a convent. Val-di-Demona, a province in Si- cily, lying to the NE. part of the ifland, v A L about 100 miles long, and 20 broad. It means the Valley of Demons, and is fo called, becaufe Mount Etna, which is placed therein, throws out flames conti- nually, which occafioned fuperftitious people to believe that it was a chimney of hell. Meffina is the capital. Val -di M a zara, the wefterly divi- I fion of Sicily, fo called from a town of the’fame name. This province contains Palermo, the capital of the whole ifland. Val-di-Noto, a divifion of Sicily, fo named from the capital town, Noto, which is 14 miles SW. of Syracufe, and was built after the deftruclion of Noto Anti- co, by an earthquake, in the year 1693. It is fituated to the SE of the ifland, be- tween Val-di-D em na and the fea. Val-Ombrosa, a celebrated Rene- di&i ne monaftery of Tucany, in the Apenhine mountains, 13 miles E. of Florence. Ualckenburg, a town of Holland, 3 miles NW. of Leyden. Valcko war, a town of Sclavonia. Valdivia. See Baldivia. Vale of White Horse, a fertile tra£! in Rerkfhire, extending from Far- t ringdon to Abingdon, fo called from the reprefentation of a horfe, cut on the fide of a hill, and occupying nearly an acre. The chalky foil which is hereby denuded, is a bright white, and is fo ftrong a con- traf! to the furrounding green turf of the ' hill, that the figure may be fometimes t feen to the diftance of 12 miles. About i Midfummer every year, the people of the < next parifh go and weed it, in order to keep the horfe in fhape and colour. Fstle Royal, Chcfhire, on the Weever, ; E. oi Delamere Foreft. Valedia, a fea-port of Fez, 27 miles | SSW . of Mazagan. Its harbour is a very natural, fpaeious hafon, furrounded by rocks, and capable of containing about lOOOveflels; but the entrance, which is entuely open to the W. is difficult and dangerous. Valenca, a town of Douro, on the S. fide of the Minho, oppofite Tuy, in Spain ; and a town of Beira, fituated near the Douro. Valenca d’Alcantara, a town of Spain, in Efiramadura, fiirrou tided by walls after the antique manner, and built upon a rock, 20 miles SSW. of Alcan- tara. Faience , Eflex, near Dagenham. Valence, a city in the department of Drome, before the revolution, the fee of a biihop, and capital of a diftrici, sailed the Valentinois. Valence is fetfted on V A L the rivePRhone, 30 miles N. by E. of Viviers, and 333 S. by E. of Paris. Valence, a town in the dept, of Lot and Garonne, fituated on the river Ga- ronne, 12 miles SSE.of Agen. Valencey, a final! town in the dept, of Indre, feated on the river Nabon, 2 1 miles N. of Chateauroux. Valencia, a province of Spain, for- merly a kingdom j bounded on the E. and SE. by the Mediterranean, on the N. by Catalonia and Arragen, and on the W. and S W. by New Caftile and Murcia. It is about 220- miles in length, and 54 in its mean breadth, and is one of the moftt populous, fertile, and pleafant countries in Spain j it is watered by 35 rivers, all of which run towards the E. In the mountains are mines of gold, Elver, iron, alum, and finopica, or blood done : there are alfo quarries of marble, jafper, See. Valencia, a city of Spain, capital of the province of the fame name. It is a large place, containing about 12,000 houfes within the walls, bclkles thofe in the fuburbs, and in the pleafure gardens round about it, which amount to much the fame number. It has an univerfity, founded in 1470, and confiding of feveral colleges. It was taken from the Moors in the 13tli century, who were all expelled. The dreets, which are narrow, crooked, and unpaved, are impaflable after rain. The cathedral, which has a fteeple 130. feet high, the palace of the viceroy, that of Ciuta, the monadery of St. Jerome, the exchange, and the arfenal, are all fine ftruetures. It has feveral manufactories of cloth and filk, and there are feveral re- mains of antiquity. It is pleafantly feat- ed on the river Guadalaviar, 20 miles from the fea, and 170 ESE. of Madrid. Lat. 39. 23. N. Ion. 0. 10. W. Valencia, New, a town of Caraccas, in Terra Firms, 6 miles \Y . of the town of Caraccas. Valenciennes, a city of Ilainault, in France, in the dept, of the North, founded by the emperor Valentinian. It contains about 20,000 inhabitants, and it is a very important place : the citadel, and the other fortifications, are the work of Vauban. Thofe were conftrudled by order of Louis XIV. who took the town by ftorm, in 1677, after 17 days open trenches ; and it was confirmed to him by the treaty of Nimeguen, in 1678. In 1793, it furrendered to the allied army, Commanded by the Duke of York, after a fevere liege. The grand fquare is hand- fpme ; but the ftreets are in general nar- dark, and crooked JSefide lace, this V A L place is noted for manufactures of woollen, fluffs, fine linens, and cambrics. It is fituated on the river Scheldt, which 'di- vides it into two parts, 17 miles NE. of Cambray, and 120 NE. by N. of Paris. Valentia, an ifland which forms a fine harbour on the S\V. coaff of Kerry, in Munlrer. It is about 5 miles long, half a mile broad, and of a fufficient depth for veflels to fail through at any- time of the tide. Valentine, a town in the dept, of Upper Garonne. It is the ufual road in- to Spain, and is 2 miles S\V. of St. Gar- dens, Valenza, a town of Milan. Valetta, a city of Malta, and the capital of that ifland, built in 1566, by the grand mailer, Frederick John de Va- letta. It has the happieft fituation ima- ginable, and is wonderfully ftrong, both by nature and art. Its walls arc of large fquare Hones, dug out of the rock, and planted with a great number of batteries. It is feated upon apeninlula, between two of the finelt ports in the world, which are defended by almoft impregnable fortifica- tions. That on the SE. fide of the city is the largeft; it runs about 2 miles into the heart of the ifland, and isfo very deep, and furrounded by fuch high grounds an northern nations; and on the coaft is a ‘ fine fifbery. It contains 4 churches, 2 < hofpitals, 10 convents, and a.j Academia Problematical Near it are quarries of jafper, of feverdl colours, of which they make pillars and images, which take a very fine polifh. It is feated near the mouth of the river Sandao, 22 miles SSE. of Lifbon. Ubley, or Upton, Somerfetfhire, SW. of Stan ton- Drew. Uby, or Pulo Uby, an illand in the Indian Ocean, at the entrance of the Bay of Siam, ahout 20 miles in circumference, It yields good water and plenty of wood ^ and lies at the S. extremity of Cambodia, about 10 miles W. of Pulo Condor.^ Uckerby, Yorkshire, E. of Richmond. Uckermund, a town of Anterior Po- merania, with good firheri.es, paftures,anu woods, in the fu nounding country. It v. as facked by the Ruffians, in 1713. It is feated at the mouth of the river Ueker, negr its entrance into the Erifche JIafi, 9 VEL YEN miles NNW. of Old Stetin, and 15 SE. of Anclatn. Uckfidd , Sufiex, 8 miles from Lewes. Uckington, Gloucefterftnre, in Elinfton parilh. Uckington , Shroplhirc, NW. of W rekin Hill. Uday , St. Cornwall. U d d e v a L L a, a fea port of Bah us, i n W . Gothland, containing about 900Q in- habitants, who export iron, planks, and herrings. It has a ftrong fort and con- venient harbour, and is 5o miies NNW. of Gotheborg. Udskoi, a town of Siberia, in Irkutfifc feated on the SE. fide of the Lake Baikul, on the road from Tobolik to China, 1 100 miles ENE. of Irkutlk, and 2140 ESE. of Tobolfk. U dimer e, Sufiex, NW. of Winchelfea. Udina, or Udene, a town of Eriuli, containing about 16,000 inhabitants. It is 10 miles N. of Aquileia. Vechta, a town of Munfter, in Weft- phalia, 60 miles NE. of Munfter. Vecht, a river of the. United Pro- vinces, and the eaftem branch of the Rhine, feparating from it, in the province of Utrecht. It falls into the Zuyder-Zee, at Muyden. Vecht, a river of Germany, which has its fource near Munfter. It crofles the Counties of Stenford and Bentheim, and entering Overyflel, pafles by Haflelt and Swartfluys, loon after difcharging itfelf into the Zuyder-Zee, under the name of Swart-Water, that is, Black-Water. U ?epe, St. Cornw. 2 miles from Fo^'ey. Ve ere. Verb, or Ter v fere, a town of the United Provinces, in Zealand, iitu- ated on the northern coaft of the Ifle of Walcheren, with a. good harbour, 3 miles NE. of Middleburg. Veglia, an ifland in the Gulf of Ve- nice, on the coaft of Dalmatia, and to the E. of Cherlo, with a good harbour. Jt is the moft pleafant and populous ifland on this coaft, abounds in wine and iilk, and has fome final 1 horfes in highefteem. The only town is of the fame name, and is feated near the fea, on a lull, 17 miles N. of Arba, and 1 10 SE. of Venice. Veiras, a town of Aientejo. V el a Y,a ci-devant province of France, full of high mountains, the tops of which are covered with fnow the greater part of the year, but abounds in cattle. It now forms the department of Upper Loire. V eldentz, a town, capital of a coun- ty in the palatinate of the Rhine, cele- brated for its exellent Mofelle wine. It is feated on the E. fide of the river Mo- felie, 17 miles ENE. of 'Friers. Vdenryd, a river in Merionethlhire, which runs into the Irifh Channel, at Tra- eth Richa. Veletri, a very ancient town of Italy* in the Campagna-di-Roma, confiderable in the time of the firft Roman kings. It was taken by Ancus Martius, re- taken by toe Volfci under Corolianus, and finally re-taken fome time after, and peopled with a Roman colony. Here are large lquares, adorned with fine fountains. It is fituated on the great road to Naples, 12 miles from the fea, and 18 SE of Rome. Velez-de,*Gomhra. See Go m era. Velez- el- Rub io, a town of Granada, in Spain ; in the time of the Moors, a firong place, and furmfhed with a garri- fon. It is fituated near the Guadalentin, 14 miles S. of Huefca. Velez- Malaga, a town of Granada, trading principally in raifins. It is feated in a large plain, near the $:oaft, 13 miles E. of Malaga. Velez, a town of New Caftile. Velho. See Monte-Mor-o-Velho, Velichi. SeeDeLiCHi. Velezar, a river of Spain, formed by the union of the little rivers Burcia and Sil, on the confines of Leon, which after receiving feveral other finall ftreams, runs into the Minho, a little above the town of Orenfc. Velik a, a river of Croatia, which runs into the Save, near the town of Velika. Velika, or Craliova Velika, a town of Sclavonia, fituated on an ifland formed by a fmall river of the fame name, 52 miles E. of Carlfiadt, and 156 S. of Vienna. Velikoi Ustiug. See Ustiug. Velino, a river of Spoleto, in Italy, which runs into the Nera, about 4 miles from Terni. Velore, a town of Ilindooftan, in the Carnatic, fituated on 3 hills, 14 miles W. of Arcot, and 70 NW. of Pondicherry. Velth ausen, a town of Bentheim, in Weltphalia. Velvetsto’JL'u , in Cork, Munfter. Yen, Somerfetfhirc, W. of Taunton. Vena, or Monti-della-Ven a, are mountains of Carniola, on the confines of Iftria, to the S. of the Lake Czernic. Fen afro, a town of Lavora, in Na- ples. Venaissin, fo named from Venafque, the Vendafca of the ancients, a fmall ter- rr.ory of France, on the Rhone, S. of the department cf the Drome , about 35 miles in length, and ~1 in breadth. The coun- try is pleafant, the foil fertile, 'the climate mild, and the air pure. The productions are corn, olives, filk, faflron, and excellent wine. YEN V E N wine. It depended on the popes, fince the time of Philip the Bold, king- of France, who in the year 127-3, transferred it to pope Gregory X. as a fief of the Holy See. It was governed tinder the popes by officers called redlores, hut now forms an integral part of the French republic. Carpentras is the capitah Vena nt, St a town in the depart- ment of the Straits of Calais, fituated on the Lys, 6 miles NNW. of Bethunc, and .22 NW. of Arras. Vena sc a, or Ben a sc a, a town of Arragon, feated on the river Ellora, in a valley of the fame name, on the frontiers of France, 45 miles N NF.. of Bal iafiro. Venasoue, a town of France, in the county of the Venaiffin, of which it was formerly the capital, it is fituated on the river Nafque, .14 miles EXE. of Avignon. Venue, an ancient town in the depart- ment of Ear, S miles from the Mediter- ranean, 6 NE. of Graffe, and 10 W. of Nice. Vendee, a department of France, W. of the department of the Two Sevres, and N. of the department of the Lower Cha- ron te ; a parr, of the ci- devant Poitou. It is fo called from a. i mall river of the fame name, which rifes about Smiles NNE. from Fontenay-le-Comle, and runs into the Sevre Niortoife, aliout a mile E. from Marans. Fontenay-le-Compte is the ca- pital. Venden, a town of Ruffia, in the go- vernment of Riga, fituated on the Aa, 36 miles NE. of Riga. Vendome, a confiderable town in the department of Loir and Cher, leated on tile , river Loir, 30 miles NE. of Tours, and 95 SW. of Paris. Before the revo- lution, it gave name to a country in Beauce. Venerie, La, a final 1 town of Pied- mont, 3 miles NNW. of Turin. It has manufactures of wool and filk, but is chiefly noted for a magnificent palace built by Emanuel 11. duke of Savoy, for a hunting feat. The adjacent country abounds with game. Venezuela, a pretty' populous pro- vince of Ten a Firm a, in S. America, lying on a gulf of the fame name, about 50 miles in length. It is bounded on ihe N. by the Gulf pf Mexico, on the S. by New Granada, on the W. by the province of St. Martha and Popayan, and on the E. by that of Cumana. Near the fea-coaft are high mountains, the tops of which are barren; but the vail ics are fertile, pro- ducing plenty of corn, rich pafturage, fu- gar, tobacco, cotton, iarfaparilla, and fruits. There are alfo plantations of co- coa-huts; gold is found in the fands of the rivers, and tlje country abounds in game and wild beafts. They often have two crops of corn in a year. Venezuela is the capital. Venezuela, or Coro, a town of Terra Firma, in S. America, fituated on a bay or gulf of the fame name, on the Gulf of Mexico, add which communicates with the Lake Maracaibo, by a narrow ftrait, in lat. 10. 35. N. Ion. 68. 50. W. Venice, a city of Italy, one of the niofi: celebrated in the world, and lately capital of a republic of the fame name, in the Dogado, with a univerfity. It {lands on 72 little iflands, though fomo reckon only 60, in the Gulf of Venice. The approach to the city is marked by rows of {'takes, or pales, on each fide, which direel veffels of a certain burden to avoid the (hallows ; it makes a very grand appearance at a dis- tance, as teeming to float on the fea; or rather, .with its {lately buildings and flecplcs, riling, as it were, out of it. The marfhy lake on which Venice {lands, about 5 miles from the main land, is a kind of fmali inner gulf, feparatad from the large one by foi'ne iflands, at a few miles difiance, and which, mi the appear- ance of an enemy’s fleet, call be cut away. Thefe iflands,. in a great meafuve, break the force -of the Adriatic fiorms, before they reach the Laguna, or Like; yet, in very high winds, the navigation of the lake is dangerous to gondolas, and fortie- times the gondoleers (as their watermen are called) do not trull themfelves even in the canals within the city. I his is not fo great an inconvenience to the inhabi- tants as might be imagined ; for moll of the houfes have a door opening upon a canal, and another communicating with the flreet ; by means of which, and of the bridges, a perfon may go to almoft any part of the city, by land, as well as by . water. From its infular lituation Venice is (hong without fort Citations ; and the fifli, which are caught at the very doors of the houfes, may be reputed a good prefer- vativc agamll famine. The number of the inhabitants is computed to be about 150,000. The houfes are built on piles, The fireets, in general, arc narrow; and io arc the canals, except the Grand Canal, which is very broad, and has a ferpentine courfe through the middle of the city. It is faid, that there are 500 bridges in Ve- nice, though Ionic fay only 450, great and fmali, and the greater part of them built of {tone; but what pals for iuch are only Angle narrow arches thrown over the ca- nals. V E N YEN nals. The high eft and longeft is the Ri- alto, which in the middle of the city, erodes the great canal, at its narrowed part, where it is onlv 40 paces broad. It confifts alfo of one {ingle arch, but a very noble one, 24 feet high; the foundation, which takes up ( J0 feet, refts on 12,000. elm piles; and it is every where incrufted with marble. The beauty of it is impair- ed by two rows of booths, or (hops, which divide its upper furface into three narrow ftreets. At each end is an ai.ce.nt of ; >6 fteps. The view from the Rialto is equally lively and magnificent; t he Grand Canal, covered by boats and gondolas (which itrike the eye, however, with a, mournful appearance, being all either lined with black ferge, or painted black) and flanked on each fide by magnificent palaces, churches, and Spires. But this fine prof- pedt is almoft the only one in Venice; for, except the Grand Canal, and the Ca- nal Regio, all the others are narrow. Some of them have no quays, and the water literally, waihes the houfes. In rowing along thefe wretched canals, there is fcarcely one agreeable objedd to cheer the fight, and the ften.ch, which, at certain fcafons, exhales from the water, is quite oft'enfive. The only place where a per- fon can walk with eafe and Safety is in the Piazzi-di-St. -Marco ; a kind of irregular quadrangle, formed by a number of build- ings, all fingular in their kind; namely, the Ducal Palace ; the churches of St. Mark and St. Geminiano ; the Old and New Procuratics, a fine range of build- ings, in which are the Mufeum, the Pub- lic Library, and n’ne Urge apartments belonging to the procurators of St. Mark. All thefe buildings. are of marble. The patriarchal chu ch of St. Mark, though one of the richcft and moft expenfive in the world, does not Itrike the eye very much a firft. The architecture is of a mixed kind, moftly Gothic ; yet many of the pillars are of the Grecian orders. The outfidc is incrufted with marble: the in- fide, ceiling, and floor, are all of the fineft marble, as are the numerous pillars, and the whole is crowned by five domes; but ail this labour and expence have .been di- rected by a very moderate (bare of tafte. The front, which looks to tiie palace, has five brafs gates, with hiftorical bas-rclie- vos ; over the principal gate are placed the four famous bronze liorfcs, laid to be the workmanship of jLycippus ; they were given to the emperor Nero by Tiridalcs, king of Armenia : the fiery Spirit of their countenances, and their animated atti- tudes, are perfectly agreeable to their ori- ginal deftination, of being harnefled tv the chariot of the fun. Nero placed them on the triumphal arch conlecrated to him : they were removed to Constantinople, placed in the Ilyppodrome, by Conftan- tine, and remained thefe till the taking of Conllantinople by the French and Vene- tians, in the beginning of the 13th cen- tury, when they were conveyed to Ve- nice. The treafiiry of St. Mark is very rich in jewels and relics. The ducal pa- lace is an immenfe building, partly Gothic and partly modern, and moftly of marble. Befides the apartments of the doge, there are halls and chambers for the fenate, and all the different councils and tribunals. The principal entrance is by a Spacious ftair, called the Giant’s Stair, on account of two coloiSal Statues, in white marble, of Mars and Neptune, placed, at the top. Under the portico are the gaping mouths oflions, to receive anonymous letters, in- formations of treafonable practices, and accufations of magiftrates for abufes in offices. From the palace is a covered bridge of communication to a ftafce prifon, on the other fide of the canal : prifoners pafs to and from the courts over this bridge, which is named Ponte del Sospiri, the Bridge of Sighs. The apartments of the ducal palace, as well a the churches and convents, are ornamented by Titian, Paul Veronefe, Tintoret, Palma, the Baf- fans, &c. with paintings which far fur- pafs thofe of Rome itfelf. Within the palace is a little arfenal, which communi- cates with the hall of the great council. Here a great number of inufleets are kept, ready charged, with which the nobles may arm themielves on any bidden infurrcc- ticn. The lower gallery, or piazza, un- der the palace, is called the. Rroglio. In this the noble Venetians walk and con- veffe : it is only here, and at council, that they ha\e opportunities of meeting toge- ther ; for they Seldom vilit openly, or in a family way, at each others houfes ; and Secret meetings would give umbrage to the State inquifitors ; they chufe, therefore, to tranfadt their bufiuefs on this public walk. People of inferior rank Seldom remain on the Broglio, for any length of time, when the nobility are there. There is an opening from St. Mark’s Place to the lea, on which ftand two lofty pillars of granite Criminals, condemned to fuller death privately, are ex -cuted between thefe two pillars. The arfenal of Venice is a fortification of between two and three miles in compafs : it is at once a dock- yard, and a vaft ropofitory for naval and military Stores. Here the Venetians build their V E N their {hips, call: their cannon, make their cables, fails, anchors, &c. The Venetians have a flouri thing trade in filk manufac- tures, bone-lace, all forts of glaffes and mirrors, which make their principal em- ployments. The fons are generally of the fame butinefs as the father. The hand- fome flrucl lire, called !1 Fontica-di-Tedef- ehi, containing 500 rooms, is that where the German merchants lay their commo- dities. There are two academies oC paint- ings, to which belong very Ikilful matters* Provifions are in great plenty at Venice, but the fpring water being very indiffe- rent, almofi every houfe has a ciftcrn, into which the rain water is conveyed from the roof, and clarified by being filtered through fand. Venice contains 70 parilh churches, belides others ; 54 convents of monks; 26 nunneries ; 17 rich hofpitals; 18 oratories; 40 religious fraternities, with their chapels ; 58 fquares, &c. It is 70 miles E. by N. of Mantua, and 140 E. of Milan. Lat. 45. 26. N. Ion. 12. 10. -E. Venice, a republic of Italy, which comprehends the following provinces ; the Dogado, Paduano, Vicentino, Vero- nefe, Brefciano, Bergamo, Cremafco, Po- lefino - di - Rovigo, Trevifana, Feltrino, Bellunefc, Cadorino, and great part of Friuli and IHria. To thefe may be add- ed a part of Dalmatia, the iflandsof Corfu , Zante, Cephalonia, Paxu, Antipaxu, and fome others. In the 4th century, when Attila, king of Huns, called the Scourge of God, ravaged thcN. part of Italy, many of the inhabitants abandoned their coun- try, and retired into the i {lands of the Adriatic Sea. As thefe iflands are near each other, they found means to join them together, by driving piles on the iide of the canals, and on which they built houfes, and thus the fuperb city of Venice had its beginning. The govern- ment of the republic of Venice is arifio- cratic, for none can have any fhace in it but the nobles. The doge is elcdled by a plurality of voices, and keeps his dig- nity for life, and they make ufe of gold and Elver balls, which are arc put in a vef- icl, and ferve for ballntting. Thofe who draw nine golden balls firfi, eledt 40 counfellors, who draw 12 others. Thefe eledl 25 other counfellors, who draw 9 golden balls. The 9 eledt 40 counsellors, who draw 11. Thofe that have the 11, choofe 41 counfellors, who proceed to the election, till 25 votes, or mo e, fall upon he fame perfon, who is then declared doge. After this eledlion, they place the ducal cap upon his head. V E N upon which he takes poffeflion of the ddge’s palace. He nevejr uncovers his head to any perfon, becaufe he does not wear the cap in his own name, but in that of the republic. When there are any pompous formalities, a nobleman carries the fword, which is an emblem of the fupreme authority ; but it is not before the doge, but before the fenate, to (hew that the power is lodged in them. The office of the doge is to marry the Adriatic Sea, in the name of the repub- lic, which he ooes, by dropping a gold ring into it annually; to prefide in all affemblies of the Hate ; to have an eye over all the members of the m a gift racy , and to nominate to all the benefices an- nexed to the church of St. Mark. On the other hand, he is to determine nothing without the confent of the council ; he is not to open any letter addrefied to the republic, or that comes from the re- public; he is not to receive any prefent ; he is not to leave the city without per- miffion of the Hates; he is not to choofe an affiHant; and he is never to refign his dignity. In fliort, he is a prifoner in the city, and out of it he is no more than a private perfon. There are five councils, the firH of which is compofed of the doge, and fix counfellors, called the Signiora. The fecond is the Configlio Grand, or Grand Council, in which all the nobles, who are fa id to be near 2000, have a voice. The third is the Configlio- del- Pregadi, which confifis of about 250 of the nobility. The fourth is the Config- lio-Proprio, whofe members are called Savii Grandi, or the Grand Sages, which join to the Signiora, and confiH of 28 af- feflors. This gives audience to the am- bafladors. The fifth and lafi is II Colle- gio-delli-dieci, and compofed of 10 coun- fellors, who take notice of all criminal matters ; and the doge himfelf, when ac- cufcd, is obliged to appear before them. There is no appeal from this council, and it is a dreadful misfortune to be cited before it. The Venetians are Romanifis, but they tolerate the Greeks and Maho - metans. The Protefiants are not allowed the public exercife of their religion ; but they are not otherwife molefted. The head of the clergy is the patriarch of Ve- nice, who mufi be a noble Venetian, and is eledled by the fenate. This patriarch, in confequence of the pol icy of the ienate, has fcarce any power over the priefis and monks, who are greatly corrupted. 'There is another patriarc i belonging to Venice, whofe authority extends over Friuli, If- tria, and mofi of the bifliops on the main 4 land. V E N T frmd. The tribunal of the inquifition at Venice is compofed of the pope's nuncio, the patriarch of Venice, and the father- inquifitor j but as thefe had need of a bri- dle, they have added three councilors to the number, without whofe coufent they can determine nothing. Their famous carnival begins with the year, and conti- nues till Lent ; all which time is employ- ed in fports and diverfions. Then liber- tinifm reigns through the city, and thou- fands of foreigners frequent it from all parts of Europe. They all appear in maths, which no one dares venture to take off, and in this difguife they imitate the fports of the ancient Bacchanals ; and the nearer Afh-Wednefday approaches, the more mad they are. The princi- pal fpot of the mafquerade is St. Mark’s place, where there are fometimes above 1 5,000 people ; and it (warms with har- lequins, jefters, mountebanks, rope- dancers, and puppet- flrows. Even the priefts and monks enjoy the diverfion of the carnival ; but when the diverfions of the carnival are over, nothing is heard from the clergy, (who are generally ac- counted ignorant^ bntfermons on repent* ance. Whatever degree of licentionfnefs may prevail among the Venetians, jea- loufy, poifon, and the ftiletto, have been long banilhed from their gallantry. The poorer people of Venice difplayfome qua- lities very rarely to be found in thatfphere of life, being remarkably fober, obliging to Grangers, and gentle in their intercourse with each ether. The Venetians, in ge- neral, are tall an^ well made; they have a ruddy brown colour, with dark eyes. The women are of an cafy addrefs, and have no averfion to cultivate an acquaintance with thole Grangers who are prefented to them by their relations, or have been properly recommended. The number of inhabit- ants in the city is efti mated at 160,000, of the whole date at 2,500,000, and of the annual revenue of the republic at 8,200,000 ducats. By a latd remarkable revolution, the fovereignty of ih : s celebrated republic, which has now continued upwards of 1300 years, in abfolutc freedom and independ- ence, is entirely, and for ever fubverted. The French, without the (hew of military enterprife, fuddenly made themfelvesmaf- ters of the city, while their troops were diffufing themfelves all over the Venetian territory. Soon after, Dalmatia was taken podeflion of by the emperor, and it is now annexed to his dominions, together with the city of Venice, and part of the late Venetian eftates in Italy, by the treaty of V E R Edina. The other part has become an. accedion to the new Cifpadane Republic. Venice, Gulf of, a fea between Greece and Italy, extending from lat. -10. to 45. 55. N. It is the ancient Adriatic cum Mare , and is ftill called the Adri- atic. Venlo, a town of Ruremoude, in Gueldcrland, formerly in alliance with the Flanfeatic towns. The inhabitants are moftly Romanifts. In 1702, this town, with Fort St. Michael on the other fide of the Made, .was taken by the army of the allies, under the Duke of Marlborough. It is feated on the E. fide of the river Maefe, 12 miles NNE. of Ruremonde, and 25 MW. of Duffeldorf. Venosa, a town of Bafilicata, in Na- ples, containing 7 churches, and 7 con- vents. It is 9 miles NNW, of Acerenga. Verity a river in Cumberland, which runs into the S. Tyne, at Alfton-Moor. Vent a- de-Cruz, a fea- port town of Terra Firma, fituated on the ffthmus of Darien, 20 miles N. of Panama. Here the Spaniards embark their merchandife, on the river Chagre, which they fend from Panama to Porto Bello. , Ventry, in Kerry, Munder, in the harbour, on the N. fide of Dingle Bay, from which it is divided by a narrow ifth- mus. Ver du Gard, a town in the dept, of the Gard, 6 miles SE. of Uzes. Vera, a lea- port of Spain, in Granada, 32 miles SW. of Carthagena. Vera Cruz, a fea- port of Tlafcab, in Mexico, with a fecure harbour, de- fended by a fort upon a rock of a neigh- bouring ifiand, on the coaft of the Gulf of Mexico. This is occasionally one of the molt conlidcrable places in Spanifh America for trade, it being the natural centre of the American treafure, and the magazine of all the merchandize fent from Mexico, as well as of that tranfport- ed hither from Europe. It alfo receives a prodigious quantity of Eaft-India goods overland from Acapulco, brought from the Phillippine Ifies. Upon the annual arrival of the ftota here from Old Spain, a fair is opened, which lads many weeks, when this place may be faid- to become, of a fudden, immenfely rich. At this pe- riod, Rich crowds of Spaniards arrive from all parts of America, that they eredl tents for them, while the fair lafts. It is fur- rounded by a wall, and the air is fo un- healthy here, from the bosrs around it, and the harrennefs of the foil, that when the fair is over, there -are few inhabitants, ' except V E R except mulattoes and blacks. Tt is 180 miles ESE. of Mexico. Lat. 19. 12. N. Ion. 97. 25. W. Vera Cruz, Old, a fin- port of Tlafcala, in Mexico, 15 miles NNW. of Vera Cruz. Here Ferdinando Cortez landed with 500 Spaniards, when he un- dertook the conqudl of Mexico. Veragua, a province of Mexico, fo called from a river of the fame name. It is bounded on the E. by Darien, on the W. by Goff a Rica, on the N. by the At-' lan tic, and on the S. by the Pacific Ocean. It is a mountainous and barren country, expofed to the incurfions of the Ivxli ns. A good deal of gold and filver is obtained here. Conception is the capital. Vera Paz, a province, of Mexico, bounded on the N. by Yucatan and Chi- apa, on the E. by the bay and province of Honduras, on the S. by Guatimala, and on the W. by Soconufco. Tt is about 120 miles in length, and 70 in breadth, and abounds with mountains and thick forefts of cedar, &c. in Which are many wild heafis, and yet tlvere are many fertile val- lies, which feed a great number of horfes and mules. 'T he country is lubjeci to earthquakes, thunder, and 9 months vain. The principal commodities are drugs, cocoa, cotton, wool, and honey. The capital, of the fame name, but inconfider- nble, is fit anted in lat. 15. 10. N. ion. 90 . 54. W. bcfid.cs which there are many towns, and villages of the native Ameri- cans. Verberie, a town in the department of Oife, feated on the river Oife, 10 miles NE. of Senlis. Verby* Yorkfhire, N. of Gifborough. Verceli, a town of Piedmont, capital of ai confiderable lordfhip. The inha- bitants are about 20,000. Here are two cathedral churches, 12 others, 2 abhies, 19 convents of both lexes, 2 priories, 2 provoiifhips, 3 poor-boufes, and 5 hol'pi- tals. It is 10 miles NNW. of Cafal, and 40 NE. of Turin. Verd, Cate, a promontory on the W. coall of Africa, 4 5 miles NW r . of the mouth of the river Gambia. Lat 14. 45. N. Ion. 17. 28. W. Verd, Cape de, iflands feated on the Atlantic Ocean, about 400 miles' W. of Cape Verd, and between the 14th and 18th degrees of N. latitude. They are fo called from the cape of that name, or, according to feme authors, from a green plant which grows in the fea n.ear them, lefembling water- crclles, and hearing a fruit fomctlring like a goofeberr^ 'T his V E R plant, called Sargosso, is fometimes found' fo thick, as to impede veflels in their' courfe. The principal are 10 in number, lying in a femi-circlej their names are St. Antonio, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, St. • Nicholas, the Ifle of Sal, Bona- Villa,- Mayo, St. Jago, Fuego, and Bravo ; the. others, 4 or more, are only uninhabited- rocks. They are, in general, mountain- ous, and the foil is often ilony and bar- ren ; nevertheless the Ipwer hills are co- vered with a beautiful verdure, as well as the extenfive vallies between them, but with little, water, in general, except what is found in ponds and wells. Both the ground and air, are fo extremely hot, that one can hardly Hand in places expofed to the fun. It is reckoned dangerous alfo to pals the night in the open air, for the great heat is often fucceeded by a fudden cold, which is faid to prove mortal to fuch as are expofed to it. Many ‘parts produce rice, maize, bananas, lemons, oranges, citrons, pomegranates, figs, anil melons j ; grapes alfo are gathered twicp a year. The inhabitants, about 100,000 in num- , her, -catch and fait a great number of tur- tles, which they fend to America ; they alfo manufadlure leather and fait, and . procure from Africa, flaves, fugar, rice, cotton' fluff’s, ambergris, civet, ivory, falt- petre, and gold. The uninhabited Elands are all Hocked with cows, goats, hogs, affes, mules, &c. under their particular lords. Thcfe ifiands are faid to have been known to the ancients under the. name of { Gorgades, but were not vifited by the j moderns till the year 1499, when they ; were difcQvered by Antonio Nolli, a Ge- noefe, in the fervice of the Infant Don Henry, of Portugal ; at that time they ; were a|molLun inhabited. Two of them, St. Jago and St. Philip, depend imme- diately on the king, and are the only ones that are fortified. The governor exercifes a defpotic military power. Few whites are njow to be feen ; the influence of the climate has entirely changed the ancient Portuguefe to negroes. Verde n, a duchy .of Lower Saxony, having Bremen on the N. and W. and Lunenburg on the E. and S. It extends both in length andbreadth about 24 miles. It confifrs chiefly of heaths and high dry lands and foreffs ; but there is good marfii land on the rivers Wefer and Aller. In 1712, the Danes wrefted this duchy from Sweden, and, in 1715, ceded it to the king of Great Britain, as eleidor of Han- over; which ccflion, in 1718, was con- firmed by the Swedes; This duchy has V E R V E R the fame regency with that of Bremen. The inhabitants are Lutherans. Verde n, the capital of the duchy of the fame name, in Lower Saxony, con- taining 4 churches, and a Latin fchool. It is feated on the Aller, 40 miles NVV. of Hanover. Verdun, a town in the department of Meufe, noted for fine fweetmeats. It is feated on the river Maefe, which runs through the middle, 33 miles NNW. of Toul, and 150 E. of Paris. Verdun, a town in the department of ( Upper Garonne, feated on tiie river Ga- ronne, 18 miles NNW. of Touloufe. V&rcy a river in Hertfordlhire, which runs into the Coin, about 2 miles SE. 1 from St. Alban’s; alfo a county on .the ! S. fide of the illand of Jamaica. Feres, i or Verse Hot Ion, Dorfetf. W. of Bridport. Vermand, a town in the department of Aifne, 6 miles W. of St. Quintin. Before the revolution, it was capital of a territory called the Vermandois. Vermanton, a town in the dept, of Yonne, 10 miles SE. of Auxerre. V or minster, Dorfetlhire, NE. of Stur- minfrer. Vermont, one of the United States of N. America, bounded on the N. by Cana- da ; on the E. by the river Connedfrcut, which divides it from New Hampfhire ; on the S. bv Mafl’achufetts; and on the W. by New York. It is about 1 55 miles long, and 60 broad, and is divided into /even counties. A chain of high moun- tains, running N, and S. divides -this ! fiate nearly in the centre, between the ri- ver Connecticut and Lake Champlain. The height of land is generally from 20 to 30 miles from the river, and about the Line diftance from the New- York line. The natural growth upon this mountain is hemlock, pine, fpruce, and other ever- ] greens : hence it has always a green ap- pearance, and on this account, has obtain- ed the deferiptive name of Vermont, from the French Vard Mont, Green Mountain. On fome high parts of this mountain, inow lies till May, and fometimes till June. The country is generally hilly, but not rocky. It is finely watered; the foil is very fertile, and there is not a bet- ter climate in the world. The inhabitants have very lately been efrimated at 100,000. The bulk of them are emigrants from Connecticut and Maflachufetts. The prin- cipal town is Bennington, but the afi’em- bly generally hold their fefiions at Wind- for. Verneuii., a town in the dept* of Eure, feated on the river Aure, 22 miles SSW.'of Evreux, and 65 W. of Paris. Verneuil, a town in the department of Allier, 15 miles S. of Moulins. Vernon, a town -in the department of Eure, feated on the river Seine, 27 miles SSE. of Rouen, and 42 NW. of Paris. Vernon, Chdhire, SW. of Sandbach. Veroli, a town in the Campagni-di- Roma, containing 8 churches, and 3 con- vents. it is 8 miles S. of Alatri. Verona, a city of Italy, in the late territory of Venice, and capital of the Veroneie, fortified in the ancient manner, and defended by three caftles. The in- habitants amount to near 50,000. The fireets are moftly narrow, crooked, and dirty, and the houfes are mean ; but there is a large, handfome lquare, called the Piazza-d’Armi, and a pretty long, good ftreet, called the Corfo ; and its outlets are more delightful than the city is within. The bilhop and governor have.fuperb palaces, but the molt magni- ficent is that of Count Maffei. The town-houfe, and the opera- houfe are fine buildings; but the moft celebrated ftruc- ture here is the ancient amphitheatre built by the Romans, in which are 44 rows of benches, of white marble, ftill en- tire (which will hold, according to Count Maftei, 22,184 fpeefators) on which the people fat. But very little, however, of this valuable piece of antiquity appears ancient, having been carefully repaired from time to time at the city’s expence. The outward walls of the upper fiory are wanting. In the Academy of the Phii- Harmonics, is a large colledfron of an- cient inscriptions and monuments, in the Hetrurian, Punic, Egyptian, Greek, and Latin languages, either found or brought here for a great many years paft. It is feated on the river Adige, on which they tranfport very good linen, woollen, ft utfs, Olives, oil, wine, fewing-filk, and medi- cinal plants, growing on Mount Balbo, See. to Venice, and over .which it has 4 fione bridges, the principal of which is 348 feet long ; 62 miles W. of Venice, and 18 NNE. of Mantua. Veronese, a territory of Italy, lately in Venice, about 47 miles in length, and 25 in breadth. It is one of the moll fer- tile countries in Italy, abounding in corn, wine, fruits, and cattle. The Venetians became mailers of the city and territory, in 1409. Vernojs, a town and river of RufTia in the government oT Rezzan. V errez, a town of Aolta, Piedmont. Ferritin, V E II Verrian , Cornwall, 3 miles from Trc- gony, and N. of Gwyndrith Bay. Versailles, a town in the dept, of Seine and Oife, 12 miles SW, ot Paris, fn the reign of Louis XL1I. it was on'y a fmall village. This prince built here a hunting feat in 1630, which Baffompierre calls “ the paltry chateau of Ver failles.” Although the fituation was low, and very unfavourable, Louis XIV. built a mag- nificent palace here, which was the ufual refidence of the kings of France, till the 6rh of October, 1789, when the late un- happy Louis XVI. and his family, were removed from it to the Tuilleries. The buildings and the gardens are adorned with a vaft number of ftatues, canals, foun- tains, &c. and the water- weftks are much admired. The great gallery is thought to be as curious a piece of workmanfhip of that kind, as any in the world : and the chapel is no lefs admired for its fine archi- tecture and ornaments. The gardens, with the park, arc 5 miles in circumfe- rence, and furrounded by walls. There are three fine avenues to \ crfaillcs, one of which is the common road to Paris, the other comes from Seaux, and the third from St. Cloud. Versailles, a town Kentucky, 10 miles SE. of Frankfort. Vertus, a town in the department of Marne, 17 miles SW. of Chalons, and 78 E. of Paris. Verue, or Verrua, a town of Afii, Piedmont, feated on a hill, near the river Po. It was taken by the French in 1705, after a liege of fix months, when it was reduced to a heap of ruins. It was after- wards reflored to the duke of Savoy. Verviers, a town of Franchimont, in I,ie«-e. The inhabitants carry on a very confiderable traffic in cloth, which they export to Germany, Italy, Turkey, See. Ver vi ns, a town in the department of Aifne, noted in hi ft pry for a treaty of peace concluded here, in 1598, between Ilcnry IV. king of France, and Philip IE king of Spain.* It is 1 10 miles NNK. of Parts. V kru'Lam, the veftiges of a Roman op- pidum or town, in Hert fordlhire, on the Verlam river, oppofith St. Alban’s, in the time* of Nero it was a munic ipinw, the inhabitants of which enjoyed the pri- vileges of Roman citizens. By I acitus it was called Verulaiuium , and by Ptolemy ('minimum. Alter the departure of the Romans, it was entirely ruined in the Wat's between the Britons and Saxons ; and nothing remain- of it but the rums v e z of walls, teft’elated pavements, and Ro- man coins, which are ftill fometimes dug up. On the NE. corner is a piece of the wall, 3 yards and a half thick, compofed of flints, and layers of Roman bricks. The fite of it has long ago been convert- ed into corn-fields. Verwood , Dorfetftiire, near Winboru- Abbas. Vesle, two rivers of F'rance, the for- mer of which runs into the Aifne, near Veilly ; and the latter runs into the Saone, oppoftte Varenne le Grand. Veselize, a town in the department of Meurthe, feated on the river Brenon, 15 miles SE. of Toul, and 162 SSE. of Paris. Vesly. See Veilly. Vesoul, a town in the department of Upper Saone, 22 miles N. of Bcfangon, and 200 SE. of Paris. Vesprin, a town which gives name to a county of Hungary, 32 miles SSL. of Raab. Vesuvius, a celebrated volcano of. Italy, in Naples. The firft eruption of this volcano was in the year 79 of the; Chriftian era, under Titus. It was ac- f companied by an earthquake, which over- turned leVeral cities, particularly Pom- peii and Herculaneum. This eruption proved fatal to Pliny, the naturalift. “ Great quantities of afhes and fulphure- ous ftnoke,” fays Dion Caftius, “ were’ carried not only to Rome, but alio beyondi the Mediterranean, into Africa, and even, to Egypt. Birds were fuftocated in the? air, and fell down upon the ground ; and fifties perifted in the neighbouring wa- ters, which were made hot, and infected by it.” Sir William Hamilton mentions, that the eruption in 1767 was the 27th from the time of Titus, fincc which there have been 9 others; thofe of 1779 and 1734 being the molt violent and alarm- ing. In this la ft, 5000 acres of rich vine- yards were deftroyed, and molt or the houles in the town of Torre- del-Grecc buried, or rendered uninhabitable. \ e- fuvius is 6 mill's L. ol Naples. Vevav, a town and bailiwick of Bern in Swillerland,-with a manufacture ot hats and a large trade in cheek'. Here Ge- neral Ludlow retired on the reftoration and died in H-93. It is feated near th< head of the Lake of Geneva, 10 mile SSE. ofLaufanne. Veudre, a town in the department o Allier, feated on the river Allicr, 17 mile NN W . of Moulins. Vezelay, a town n tl.c depart m an I VIC VIC of Yonnc, feated on a mountain, 20 miles S. of Auxerre, and 1 17 S. by E. of Paris. Ufa, one of the 41 governments of RufTia, formerly included in the govern- ment of Orenburgh. ft is divided into the two provinces of Ufa and Orenburgh. Ufa, a town of Ruffia, capital of a g >- vernment of the fame name. It is feated a few miles below the mouth of the river Ufa, 632 miles ESE. of Mofcow. U/colomby Devonf. on the river Columb, 10 miles from Bradninch. UjcoU V dts, NW. of Marlborough. Uff ay- Parky Cumberland, SE. of Ravenglais. Ujj'er- ton , Durham, W. of Sunderland. Utfing- ton, Lincolnlhirc, near Stamford. LJ- fmgton, or Ojfingtvn, Berks, near V\ an- tage. UJJiiig ton, Shropfhire, NE. of Shrewfbury. Uffordy Northamp. near Stamford. UJJ'ord , Suffolk, NE. of AVoodbridge. UJfton> Warw. between Itchington and Orfciiurch. Ugbear, De- vonfhire, W. of the Avon, and S\V . of Brent. Ugboro , Cornw. near the Tamar, 3 miles from Modburv. Ugbrook, De- vonfhire, 2 miles from Chudleigh. Near it is a cave that runs a great way under ground. UcENTO,atown of Otranto, in Naples. Ugford t Wilts, near Wilton. Ugges- co/nb , Dorfetf. near Portifham. Ugham, Northumb. near the Lyn, NE. of Mor- pe:h. Ughtersharc •, Yorkl- N. of Lang- llredalc Chace. Ugleberb> A orkf. S. of Whitby. Ugley, Eilex, N. of Stanted- Montfichet, and E. of the Stort. Ugonga, a town of Piedmont. Ugshall , Suffolk, W. of Ealton-Nefs. Ugthorp, Yorkf. near Moulgrave Caltle. Viadana, a town of Mantua. Vi ana, a town of Spain, in Navarre \ and a tov/n cf Galicia. , Via n a, a lea-pert of Portugal, in En- tre- Minho-c- Douro, containing two churches, feven convents, an hofpital, and about 7000 inhabitants. It is feated at the mouth of the river Lima, 36 miles N. of Oporto. Vianden, a town of Luxemburg, capi- tal of a county of the fame name, which comprehends 40 villages and hamlets; Vianen, a town of S. Holland, on the river Lech, 7 miles S. of Utrecht. Vi at k a, a town of Rufiia, capital of a government of the fame name, feated on the river Viatka, 440 miles ENE, of Mofcow. V'iatka, a government of the Ruffian empire, which was formerly a province of Calan. The capital is of the fame name. Vic, a town W: the dept, of Mourti.r, 12 miles NE. of Nanci, and 197 E. of Paris. Vic Bigorre, a fihall town in the dept, of 'the Upper Pyrenees, fituated on the river Adour, 12 miles N» of Tarbes. Vic, a town of Catalonia, formerly more conlidcrable than at pfefent ; how- ever, it Hill contains handfome buildings; It is 30 miles NNE. of Bafceloha. Vicegrad, a town of Hungary, oii the Danube, 9 miles SSE. of Gran. Vicentino, a territory of Italy, lately fubjedt to the Venetians, about 40 miles in length, and from 10 to 24 in breadth ; bounded on the N. by the Tyrolefe ; on the E. by the Trevifan and the Paduan - on the S. by the Paduan ; and on the W. by the Veronefe and Tyrolefe. It is .1 pleafant and fertile-country, abounding in game, and is called the garden and flefh- market of Venice. The wine is excellent, arid the butter ’and cheefe very good. Here are alfo great numbers of mulberry- trees, which ferve to neurifh filk- worms ; and there are mines, of filver and iroti, and quarries of done, almoft as fine as marble. VTcenz a, a city of Italy, capital of th<* Vicentino, with a bifhop’s fee. It is adorned with feveral regular, (lately pa- laces, and other elegant edifices, (parti- cularly the council-houfe, the grandeur of which is heightened by 2 very lofty co- lumns) and it has a fine fquarc, with piaz- zas under the houfes. There are feveral other fquare;, and 57 churches, parochial and conventual, with feveral good hofpi- tals. l’he great altar of the Dominic it* church is an augulf piece of Palladio’s architedture. There is an academy for the improvement of the Italian language, whofe members meet in the Olympic thea- tre, a mailer-piece of workmanfbip by the fame fkilful archiiedt. The feats are dif- pofed in the manner of the ancient am- phitheatre, and the perfpc£five is furpri- fingly beautiful. It is feated in a fertile plain, between 2 hills, at the union of 2 fmall rivers, the Bachiglione and R crone, 35 miles W. of Venice. Vic-Fezensac, a town in the dept of Gers, 15 miles NNW . of Auch. V ichi, a town in the dept, of Allier* famous for the mineral waters near it. It is feated on the river Allier, 3 miles S\V . of Cuflet, and 180 S. by E; of Paris. Vic-Lt-CoMPTF* a town in the dept< of Puy-de-Dome, with mineral lpring* about a mile from it. It is 12 miles SSE; of Clermont. \ ico, a town of C'apitar.ata ; a town G v VIE of Lavora ; and a town of Principal Ci- tra; all in Naples; alfo a town of the ifland of Corfica, la miles SW. of Corte. Jn it is the cathedral of the bifhop of Sa- go n a. Vico-di Pa nx a NO, a town of Lavora, in Naples, 12 miles SW. of Capua. Vicovaro, a town of Italy, in the Sabina, 20 miles ENF,. of Rome. Viddin, a town of Bulgaria, feated on the river Danube, 104 miles ESE. of Bel- grade. Vidourle, a river in the dept, of the Card, which runs into the lake of Than, near Aigues AToftes. Vie, a river in the department of La Vendee, which runs into the Atlantic, near St. Gilles ; and a river In the depart- ment of the Calvadoes, which runs into the Dive, 3 miles NW. of Crevecceur. Vie l mur, a town in the dept, of the Tarn, 9 miles W. of Cadres. Vielsk, a town of Huffia, in the go- vernment of Vologda, fit uated on the Va- .ga, 156 miles NNE. of Vologda. Vrenna, the capital of the circle of Auftria, in Germany, and of the whole German empire, where the emperor re- fides. The city itfelf is not large, ahd contains about 60,000 inhabitants, being limited by a very ftrong fortification ; hut the fuburbs and town together are faid to contain above 300,00oT The dreets, in general, are narrow, and in part crooked, and the houfes built high. Some of the public buildings are magnificent; but they appear externally to no great advan- tage, on account of the narrow nels of the dreets. The chief of them are thejmpe- rial Palace, the Library, and the Mufeum : the palaces of the princes Lichtenftcin, Eugene, &c No houfes without the wails are allowed to be built nearer the glacis than 600 yards ; fo that there is a circular field of that breadth all round the town, which Ins a beautiful and faluttvry effedb 'The fuburbs are not near fo po- pulous, in proportion to their fize, as the town ; as many hoiffes in the former have extend ve gardens belonging to them, and many families, who live during the winter within the fortifications, ipend the fufnmer in, the fuburbs. The lecoiul floor of all burghers houfes, is allotted for the recep- tion of ollicevs of the imperial court, and the owners can only purchale an exemp- tion, hv paving a fum of money for the erediion of barracks. Vienna contains 50 churches or chapels, and 21 convents. The cathedral is built of free-done, is 114 yards long, and 48 broad, and the decple v I E is 447 feet high. Here is a monument in honour of Prince Eugene of Savoy. ln- llead of a weathercock there is a black fp read eagle, over which is a gilded crofs. Joining to this church is the archbifhop’s palace, the front of which is very fine. Befides the univerfity, containing a great number of Undents, there is the academy of Lower Auftria ; and the archducal li- brary, which is open every morning 3 or 4 hours to the public, contains 5 or 6000 volumes, printed in the 1 5th century, with a well furnifhed and valuable collection of prims and uleful modern hooks. The academy of painting is remarkable for the fine pictures it produces. The imperial cabinet is very rich in medals, and dill more fo in natural hiftory. Provifions are brought here in great plenty and variety ; and wild hogs, ilags, with cart-loads of hares, pheafants, and partridges, may he fecn in the game market. Here is a fort of a Jmrbour on the Danube, where there are magazines of naval ftores ; and (hips have been fitted out to ferve on that river againft the Turks. The manufactures of this city are numerous, and the trade ex ten five. Vienna has been twice inef- fectually befieged by the Turks, in 1589, and 168.3. At the latter period, the fiege was railed by John Sohiefki, king of Po- land, who totally defeated the Turkifh army before this' place. Vienna is feated at the place where the river Vien falls in- to the Danube, near the fite of the an- cient Vindcbona. Lat. 48. 13. N. Ion. 16. 28, E. Vienna, a town of Kentucky, 124 miles WSVV . of Frankfort ; and a town of Maryland, fituated on the river Nan- ticoke, 85 miles S. of Philadelphia. Vienne, a city in the dept, of Iferc, feated on the E. bank of the Rhone, over which it had formerly a Hone bridge, built in the year 1265, now deftroyed, or of which only tome piers remain, that render the navigation dangerous, 15 miles S. of Lyons. Its commerce confifts in wines, filk, and fword blades, which lad are high- ly efieemed. Near Vienne, on the. banks of the Rhone 1 , are produced the excellent wines of Cote-Rotie ; and the famous her- mitage wir.es. Before the revolution, it was the fee of an arebbifhop, and capital of a territory called the Viennois. It was anciently a Roman colony, but in the 5th century it was taken by the Burgundians, whofe kings made it their place of refi- dencc. In the 9th century, it was the capital of the kingdom of Provence. Vienne, a depart n*eiit of France, join- 3 ing V I L Ing on the W. to that of the Two Sevres, and on the E. to the department of the Indre. Before the revolution, it was part of Poitou. It takes its name from a river which rifes in the department of Correze, about 3 miles E. from Tarnac, panics by or near to Tarnac, Aimoutier, St. Leo- nard, Limoges, Aix, St. Germain, Ille Jourdain, Chinon, Sec. and falls into the Loire, in the department of the Indre and Loire, about 5 miles above Saumur. / Vienne, Upper, a dept, of France, ^compofed of the ci-devant Limoufm. Limoges is the capital. Vi err aden, a town of Uckermark, Brandenburg. Vlerzon, a town in the dept, of Cher, famous for its forges. It is feated at the confluence of the Cher and Yevre, 17 miles NW. of Bo urges, and 100 S. of Paris. Viesti, a town of Capitanata, Naples. Vi gan, a town in the dept, of Gard, SO miles NW. of Nifrnes. Vi g Eva n’o, a town ©f Piedmont. Vi gnamont, a town of Liege. Vigo, a town of Spaifi, in Galicia, with a good harbour, feared on the Atlan- tic ocean, 12 miles NNW. of Tav, and 260 WNW. oF'Madrid. Here, in 1702, the Englifh and Dutch fleets, having broken the boom laid acrofs the mouth of the harbour, defeated a fquadron of French men of war, with 13 Spanifh galleons un- der their convoy. '1 he Er.glifh took 4 galleons and 5 men of war, and the Dutch 5 galleons and 1 man of war. Fourteen men of war and 4 galleons were deftroy- ed, and a great deal of filver was taken. In 1719, it was again taken by the Eng- lifh, who.rclinquilhecl it, after railing con- tri hutions. Vihiers, a town in the dept, of Maine and Loire, whofe inhabitants have a great trade in cattle. It is 20 miles S. of An- gers, and 162 SW. of Paris. Vilaine, a river of France, which rifes in the dept, of Maine, waters Vitre, Ren- nes, Redon, Sec. and enters the Bay of Bilcay below Roche Bernard. Villa Bohim, a town of Alentejo. Vj’i.lach, a town of Carinthia, fitua- ted near the Baths of l’oplitz, 18 miles S. of Clagenfurt, Villa-de-Conde, a fea port of Dou- ro, 14 miles N. of Oporto. 'Villa- du - Horta, the principal town of the Ffland ©f F’yal, one of the Azores. It is feated on the weftern coaft, and has a harbour, the belt in the ifland, being land-locked on every fide except v I L the E. and NE. and defended by feveral forts. Lat. 38. 32. N. Ion. 28. 36. W. Vill a-de-Mose, a town of Mexico, in Tabafco, feated on a river of the fame name, which is navigable by boats to Ta- bafco, 30 miles from the fea. Villa-del-Rey, a town of Galicia; and a town of Eftramadura, both in Spain. Villa-Flor, a town of Tra-los- Montes. Villa- Franca, the capital of St. Michael, one of the Azores, the moft an- cient town in the whole ifland, and fo called from its being at firft a free port. Before its harbour lies an ifland, about a mile in circumference, and towards the lea, the town is defended by a fort and fome other works. It cbnfifts of 1813 hearths, -and contains 2 parifh churches, and 2 convents. Lat. 37. 50. N. Ion. 25. 35. W. Villa-Franc a, three towns in Old Caftile, the firfl 10 miles E. of Burgos; the fecond, 30 miles W. of Burgos; and the third, fituated on the 'Formes, 50 miles NW. of Toledo. Alfo a town of Leon, 50 miles W SW . of Leon ; a town of Italy, in the Vcroncfe, with a filk ma- nufactory ; a town in the principality of Piedmont, a town of Piedmont, in the duchy of Aofla ; and a fea port town of Nice, with two caftles and a harbour fhei- tered by lofty hills, 3 miles E. of Nice. It was taken by the French in 1792. Vill a-Fr a n c a-d e-P a n a d e s, a town of Catalonia, fituated near the lea, 20 miles SW. of Barcelona. Villa-Franca-de-Xira, a town of Portuguefe Eftramadura, fituated on the N. hank of the Tagus, 15 miles NE. of Lifbon. Villa-Hermosa, a town of Valen- cia ; a town of New Caftile ; and a town of Tobafco, in Mexico. Villa Nova, a town of Douro, feat- cd on the river Douro, oppofite Oporto. Villa-Nova, a town of Chieri ; a town of Vcrcelli; and a town of Aofla; all in Piedmont. Vill ap and a, a town of Leon, Villa-Real, a town of Portugal, in Tra-los-iVIbntes, capital of Comar< a. Villa-Real, a town of Valencia. Villa-Rica, a fea port of Mexico; a town. of Paraguay, Buenos Ayres; and a town of Minas Geraes, in Brafil. Villa-Viciosa, a town of Alentejo, with a palace and park, in which the dukes of Braganza formerly refilled, it fuftained a famous fiegc; againft the Spa- niards, in the year 1G67. A battle alio 3 O H W Ji V I N V I N was fought near it, much about the fame time, the fuccefs of which greatly contri- buted to fix the crown of Portugal on the l ead of the Duke of Braganza. In the Suburb i$ an ancient temple, originally built to the honour of Proferpine, as ap- pears from the inscriptions. The foil about this town is extremely fertile, and there are quarries of beautiful green mar- ble. It is 16 miles SW. of Elvas, and S3 SSE. of Lifbon. Villa-Viciosa, a fea port of Aflu- rias, -30 miles NE. of Oviedo. Ville-Dieu, a town in the depart- ment of the Channel, 12 miles NNE. of Avranches. Vill e-Franc he, a town in the dept, of Rhone and Lorre, furrounded with walls and dutches. It is 18, miles N. of Lyons, and 233 S, by E. of Paris. Vill e-Franc he, a town of France, ;n the dept, of the Eaftem Pyrenees. 22 pules KNE. of Puycerda, and 27 WSW. of Perpignan. In one of the, mountains which furraund this place, is a curious cavern. Vilj.e-Franche, a town in the dept. cuAveiron, fea ted ,on the river Aveiron, 24 miles W. of Rhodez, and 260 S. of Paris', it carries on a great trade in linen cloth. VillBcJuif, a town about 4 iqiles S. cf Paris, on the great road to Lyons. Villemur, a town in the dept, of Upper Garonne, feated on the river Fame, 16 miles N. of Touloufe. Villena, a town of Murcia; near a morals, from which they manufacture fait. Villeneuve, a town in the dept, of Lot and ( iaronn.e, feated on the river Lot, 1 7 miles N. of Agen. ViLEENgu ve, a town in the dept, of Card, feated on the river Rhone, oppofite Avignon Villeneuve-de-Bero, a town in the dept, of Ardeche, lz miles NX YY . of Vivicrs. ViELERS-CoTERETS, a town ip the department of Aifne, 11 miles SW . of Soifibn§. Vill’enoen, a town of .A uftnan Sua- b.ia, ni the Brifgaw, fit mat ed between the fourees of the river Danube apd Neckar, 'SIS miles E. by S. of Friburg. VilmakstranP, a towq of Bqffia, in the government of Viborg. Vil v o r n E, a town of Brabant, fitted pn tbe riyer Sonne, 6 pules N. of Bruifels. Vincent, Cape, a promontory of Port up a!, 2 b miles V . ol Lagos. Lat. 3?.2."N. Ion. 3. 0. W- Vincent, St. an ifiand of thcW. In, dies, about 40 miles in length, and 10 in breadth. It is one of the Caribhee Iflands, and inhabited by a race of people, of whom Dr. Robertfon gives this account : “ There is a great diitinbtion in charac- ter between the Caribbees and the inha-' bitants of the larger iflands. The former appear manifeilly to he a feparate race. Their language is totally different from that of their neighbours in the large iflands.* They themfelves have a tradi- tion that their anceftors came originally from forne part of the conti i ent, and having conquered and exterminated the ancient inhabitants, took pofleflion of their lands and of their women. Hence they call themfelves Banarec, which fig- mfies a man come from beyond fea. Ac- cordingly, the Caribbees frill ufe two dif- tincl languages, one peculiar to the men, and the other to the women. The lan- guage of the men has nothing common with that fpokeil in the large ifiands. The dialed! of the women confidcrahly refem- bles it. This firongly confirms the tradi- tion which I have mentioned. The Ca- ribbees themfelves imagine that they were a colony from the Galibis, a powerful na- tion of Guiana, in S. America. But as their fierce manners approach nearer to thofe of the people in the northern con- tinent, than to thofe of the natives of S. America j and as their language has like- wife fome affinity to that fpoken in Flo- rida, their origin fhould be deduced rather from the former than the latter. In their wars, they Fill preferye their ancient prac- tice of deftroying all the males, and pre- ferring Rie women, e j t } u . r for fervitude, or for breeding.” This ifiand was only inhabited by native Caribs, till towards the latter end of the laft pentury, when a fhip from Guinea, with a large cargo of flaves, was either wrecked or run afhore on thecoaftj great numbprs of the ne- grocs eicaped into the woods and moun- tains, whom the Indians fufiered to re- main. Thefe Africans foon became very numerous, partly lry the aepeffion of run- away flaves frpm Barbadocs, and partly by the children they had by the Indian women. After this the c< untry became the theatre of lavage hofrilities between the negroes and the Caribbees, in which the former were generally victorious, or qt Ipaft proved fo in the end j their num- bers in, 1763 being computed at 2000, whereas of the red or native Caribs, there were not left more than 100 families. St. Vincent’s was long confide red as a n eutral ifiand. V I N ifland, by the two countries of England and France; but, at the peace of 1763, the French agreed that the right to it fhould be veiled in the Englilh ; who, in the fennel, at the inltance of fome rapa- cious planters, engaged in a war againft the Caribbces, who inhabited the wind- ward fide of the ifland, and who were obliged to content to a peace, by which they ceded a very large tra£l of valuable land to the crown. The confequence of this was, that retaining their refentment againft the Englilh, they aided the French in the reduction of the ifland, in 1779, who, however, reftored it by the peace of 1783. 'Flic country is generally moun- tainous and rugged : the vallics are, however, extremely fruitful. It contains about 84,000 acres, every where well wa- tered, of which 3 3,60.') acres are poflefled by Britilh fubjedts ; and as much more was lately held by the Caribs. All the reft of the country has not been yet cleared, but retains its native woods. The foil is a black mould upon a ltrong loam, the molt proper for the railing of fugars : and indigo thrives here remarkably well. The number of inhabitants appears, by the laft official returns, to be 1450 whites, and 11,853 negroes. The governor’s Ca- lory is 20001. fieri ing ; one half of which is railed within the ifland, and the other half is paid out of the exchequer of Great Britain. Lat. 13. 0. N. Ion. 61. 0. VV. Vincent, St. a town of Beiraj and a fea-port of Afturia, 9 miles W SW. of San- tillana. V tnc ent, Sr. a town of Brafil, in the government of St. Paul, fituated on the lea- coaft, 150 miles SSVY . of St. Sebaftian. Vincent, St. one of the Cape de Vcrd Blands, about 30 miles in circum- ference; in general lofty, except towards the NVV. where it is low and landy. in this part is a commodious bay or harbour, about a league and a half broad at the mouth, furrounded with high mountains, ftretching to the middle of the ifland; and fecurcly lhfcltered from the wefterly and north-weft winds. Ilcncc itisjuftly ac- counted the belt harbour in all the Cape Vcrd illands ; yet it is difficult of accels, by real'on of the' impetuous winds that blow off' the mountains, along the coaft, with fo much fury, as greatly to endanger Chipping .before they can arrive at this place of fertility. Bolides this harbour, where Chips frequently wood and water, a ml where wild goats may be obtained, ' for the ifland is uninhabited) there arc fevcral other hays on the S. fide, a.t which (hips may anchor; and of tlime the Por- v i it tuguefc generally make choice, for the purpofe of loading their hides. St. Vin- cent has alio good frefh water, which does not fail to ipring up, on digging a little way into the foil of the valley ; but the hills afford not a fingle drop. Jt is fa id, alfo, that more turtle is caught near this ifland, than round all the reft, and that it abounds with faltpetre. Vincent's-Rocks, Sr. Glouceftcr- fhire, E. of the Avon, and a mile and a half NNW. ol Briftol. They are very fteep and rugged precipices, which con- tinue their courfc about 3 miles, and feem to have been almoft miraculoufly cleft al under, to admit a paJlage for the river Home. The Avon flows between them, and the tide riles here 42 feet. At the bottom of thefe rocks, near the water- fide, rifes a medicinal hot fpring, the tafte ol which is loft, milky, and grateful to the ftomach. It is fuccefsfully pre- feribed in inflammations, hedlic coughs, immoderate fluxes, arid fcrophulous and cancerous cafes- * Vine , Hants, near Baftngftoke. Vine- yard, near Gloucefter. Vineyard , Glou- cefterlhire, near Tewkelbury. Vineyard - l 1 lory , Somcrfetf, SW. of Taunton. V ingoria, a Dutch fettlement on the coaft cf Concan, 22 miles NNW. of Goa. V inniton, Devonthire, NW. of iloni- ton. Vintimiglia, a town of Genoa, with a fmall harbour, fituated on the Mediter- ranean, 8 miles, NE. of Monaco, and 70 SW. of Genoa. Vintners , Kent, in Bosley parifh. Vire, a town in the dept, of Calvados, with manufactures of coarfe woollen cloths. It is feated on the river Vire, 27 miles S VV . o f Cae n . Virgin Islands, certain illands and keys in the VV. Indies, fituated in about lat. 18, 30. N. to the E. of Porto Rico, and extending about 20 leagues in length and upwards, of 12 in breadth. They were called Las Virgines by the Spaniards, the firft difeoverers, in honour of thel 1,000 V irgins of tlie Legend. Though every way dangerous to navigators, there is a baton in tiie midft of them, 6 or 7 leagues in length, and 3 or 4 in breadth, in which Ihips may fecurcly anchor, land- locked from all winds. They are about 30 in number, moftly defer!, barren, and arc poflefled by the Englilh and anes. l’lie Spaniards, however, claim thofe near Porto R co. In the firft divilion of thofe poflefled by the Englilh, is Tortola, the principal, to which belong Jolt Van Dyke's and Littie V an Dykes, and Guapa 3 G 4 l#e. y i r '.Ille, with Beef and Thatch Illands. In the fee mid divifion is Virgin Gorda, or Great Virgin, called alfo Spanifli down, having two good harbours ; to this ifland belohg the following: Anageda, or, Drowned Ifland, Nicker, Prickly Pear, and Mofkito Iflands, the Cammanoes, Scrub and Dog Illands, the Fallen City, (two rocky iflets, dole together, at a dis- tance refembling ruins) the Round Rock, Ginger, Cooper’s, Salt Ifland, Peter’s Ifland, and the Dead Chelf. To the Danes belong St. Thomas’s Ifland, on which Brafs, Little Saba, Buck Ifland, Great and Little St. James, and Bird Ifland are dependant ; with St John, to which belong La van go. Cam, and Witch Illands ; and they have alfo the Wand of St. Croix. Virginia, one of the United States of North America, hounded on the S. by North Carolina ; on the W. by Ken- tucky ; on the NW. by the Ohio ; on the N. by Pennfylvania and Maryland ; and on the E. by Maryland, the Chefapeak, and the Atlantic. It is about 300 miles from E. to W. and 180 from N. to S. The principal, rivers are James, York, IJappahannoc, Potomac, Roanoke, and Kanhaway, Great and Little, all which are full of convenient and fafe harbours. There are alfo many fmall rivers, fome of which are capable of receiving the largeft merchant .{hips. In general, the land is tolerably good, and capable of producing corn, pulfe, cotton, flax, and hemp j and, in the marfh lands, rice has been lately cultivated. The lands towards the mouth of the rivers, are generally low, and at prefen t- well flocked with many forts of trees, from 30 to 70 feet high. The land higher up the livers is generally level, and well watered with fprings; but there are here and there fome fmall hills. That, near the lea is generally fandy, aud without flones, for which rea- fon they fcldom fhoe their horfes. The richeft lands lie near the branches of the rivers, and abound with various torts of timber, furprifmgly large. At the heads af the rivers are mountains, vallies, hills, and plains, with diiierent trees; and in- deed not many years ago, the whole country feemed to be one * continued wood, with plantations here and there, where the roots of the trees had been grub- bed up. Thu principal produce of Vir- ginia is tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn ; but the culture of tobacco has much de- clined of late, in favour of that of wheat, Virginia is divided into 82 counties, and has but few towns of coniequence ; the V I T principal are Willyunffiurg, Norfolk, Alexandria, and Richmond. The num- ber of inhabitants, in 1790, amounted to 747,610. The Virginians now manufac- ture about thr6e fourths of their clothing, and they have alfo manufactures of iron and lead ; but agriculture is the principal employment. * Virginia, a town of Cavan, in Ul- Iter, feated on Lough Ramor, in which are feveral iflands, 40 miles from Dublin. Virginstow , Devonlhire, SE. of Luffen- cote. Vi rto N, a fmall town of Luxemburg.. Vis ag a pat am, a town of Hindoof- tan, in the circar of Cicacole, 50 miles S\V. of Cicacole, Vi set, a town of Liege. Viseu, anciently V-isontium, a town of Beira. Vishnei-Volotchok, a town of Rullia, in the government of Tvw. It is one of the imperial villages enfranchifed by the late emprefs, and is remarkable for its canal, which connects the Tvertza and the Myfta. The inhabitants, railed from the lituation of Haves to that of free- men, feem to have lhaken off their for- mer indolence, and to be awakened to a lenfe of their commercial advantages. The town is divided into regular ftreets. All the buildings are of wood, except the court of juftice erected at the charge of the emprefs, and a few brick houfes. It is feated on the river Zna, GO miles NNYV. of Tver. Lat. 57-. 23. N. Ion. 35. 0. E. Vi si a pour, * conliderable city of Hindooftan, the capital of a county of tile fame name. It is now fubject to the Poonah Mahrattas. It is 136 miles SE. of Poonah, and 234 SE. of Bombay. Lat. 17. 26. N. Ion. 75. 2 9. E. Vissogorod, a town of Mafovia. Uist, N. and S. two illands of the He- brides, on the W. coall of Scotland. They are each about 20 miles in length, and of conliderable breadth. Kelp is the liaple commodity of thefe illands ; and they export annually, between them, 800 cows and young oxen. Here is abundance of game and aquatic birds. Vistula, the largeft river of Poland. It rifes in Mount Crapach, on the N. part of Hungary, pallcs by Cracow, San- domirz, Wat law, Thorn, Culm, &c. and fulls into the Baltic below Dantzicy Viterbo, a town of Italy, capital of the Patrimonio. it contains only 15,000 inhabitants, although the number of churches, convents, and hofpitals is 69. Near it is a fpring, fo hot, that it will boil V I V ULM ooil an egg, and even fifh. Tt is 20 miles which the cathedral is built, near the ri* 5„ of Orvieto, and 35 N- by W. of Rome, ver Rhone, 20 miles N. of Orange. Vitre, a town in the dept, of Ille and Ukraine, a large country of Europe, Vilaine, trading in linen-cloth, knit frock- lying on the borders of Turkey in Europe, ;ings, and gloves. It is feated on the ri- Poland, Ruffia, and Little Tartary. Its ver Vilaine, 20 miles E. of Rennes. name properly fignifies a frontier. But I Vitri-le-Brule, a village in the the whole of the Ukraine, on both tides of dept, of Marne, 3 miles NE. ofVitri-le- BFrangois. It was formerly a cqnfiderable ,ltown, but was taken (and, as its name im- ports, burnt) b,y Thibaut, count of Char- • tres, when many of the inhabitants were burned, and great part of the town de- llroyed. It was alfo burnt, together with 60 villages, in the year 1422, by the Eftg- i lilh and Burgundians, i Vit r i- le- Fran 901s, a populous town in the dept. of. Marne, trading in corn. It is well built, thougV. the houlcs are of wood, and there is a fine fquare. It is feated on the river'Marnc, 15 miles SSE. of Chalons, and 100 E. of Paris. Vitteaux, a town in the department ofCotc-d’Or, feated among mountains, where there are quarries of marble. It is 21 miles W. of Dijon, and 9 SE. of Se- nt ur. Vittoria, a town of Bifcay, in the province of Alava. It contains 5 pa- rilhes, 4 convents, 3 hofpitals, a college, and a fquare. The large ftrects are bor- dered with trees, as a defence againft the heat of the fun. The merchants here deal in wool and wines, and particularly in fword blades and other cutlery, which they make in large quantities. is feat- ed in a pleafant plain, fertile in corn and grapes, 32 miles SSE. of Bilboa. Vittoriosa, or Citta Vitto-. riosa, or II Borgo, a fortified town of the illand of Malta, fiiuated on a narrow neck of land to the left of Valetta. On each fide a broad, natural canal, or ftream, runs up into the land, and furrounding the town, forms a fine harbour. One of thefe canals or harbours is called Portico della Rend! a, and the other Porlo del/e Gallere. The ftrong caftle of St. Angelo, ftands on a high rack, at the extremity, towards the fea, and has a communication with the town by a bridge. The palace of the inquifition, and the arfenal, arc reckoned among the principal buildings of this place. Formerly the grand mafier refided here. The number of inhabitants amounts to about 3000. Vivero, a town of Spain, in Galicia, near the river Vivero, or Landrova, whole mouth forms a- good harbour on the At- lantic. it is 12 miles E. of Cape Ortegal. Vi viers, a town In the department of Arucche, feated among rouks, on one of the Dnieper, now belongs to Ruffia, and forms a part of the government of Ekate- rinoflav. The principal town is Kiof. See Cossacks. Uladislaw. See Inoladislaw. Ulcami, or Ulcuma, a country of Guinea, N. of Adra, and W. of Benin. Leicester, Derbyfhire, on the Dove, neaf Burton-npon-Tvent. Ulkhorn , Suflex, by Uckfield. Ukomb , Kent, SW. of Lenhain. Uldale y Cumberl on the Elen, near Irehy. Ulc^ter, Northumberland, in the lord (hip of W oiler. Ulea, or Ulaborg, a fea- port of £. Bothnia, 320 miles N. of Abo. Uley, a populous village of Gloucefter- Ihire, with a manufacture of fine broad doth, 2 miles E. of Dudley. Ulietf.a, one of the Society Ifles, in, the !§. Pacific Ocean. Lat. 16. 45. S. Ion. 151. 26. W. Ullapool , Rofsfhire, fbated on the N. fide of Loch Broom. Ullenhall 7 Waive. S. of Umberflade. Ulleskelf Y orkf. S. of Tadcafter. Ullington, Gloucef. in Peb- worth parilh. Ullock y Cumberl. 4 miles SW. of Cockermouth. Ullsby , or Ullsley , Cumberl. S. of Penrith, near Ullfwater. Ullswater, a lake, partly in Wcft- raorland and partly in Cumberland, 10 miles' N. of Amblefide, and 14 SW. of Penrith. It is about 8 miles long, is of a fuflicient depth for breeding char, and abounds with a variety of other filh. Trout, of upwards of 30 pounds weight, are faid to have been taken in it. The navigators of this lake find much amufe- nient by difeharging guns, or fmall can- non, in certain ltations. The report is reverberated from rock to rock, promon- tory, cavern, and hill, with every variety of found now dying away upon the ear, and again returning like peals of thunder, and thus re-echoed, is heard feven times diftinclly. Ulm, an imperial city of Suabia) and chief of that order in the circle, where the archieves of the free towns in Suabia and Franconia are depofiicd. The inhabit- ants are Proteftants. There is a good college in this city ; and in the cathedral, which is a very lofty ftructure, are 63 copper-veflels full of water, ready for the extinguilhingof fire, it is large and well fortified, and the town-houla rs a hand- fume TJ L V fome edifice. There is a handfomc bridge over the Danube, which greatly favours the trade of the inhabitants in linen, fuf- tians, hardware, and wool. The eledor of Bavaria became mafter of it in 1702, by a ft rata gem ; but after the battle of Blenheim, the Bavarians furrendered it by capitulation. It is feat ed on the Danube, where it receives the river Tiler, 47 miles SSE. of Siutgard, and 275 W. of Vienna. Tat. 48. 25. N. lpn. 10. 12. E. Ulmen, a town of Treves. XJlpha , or Oujfa , Cumberland, in Mil- ium pari lh, on the river Dudden. Ulseby , Lincolnlhire, N. of Spilfby. Ulseby, Lin- colnfhire, between Great Limbergh and Barton- on- the-Humber. Ul ST e R, a provi n ce of I relap <1 ; bound- ed on the E. by the Irilh Sea^ on the N. by the Northern Ocean, on the W. by the Weftern Ocean, on the S. by the pro- vince of Leinfler, and on the SW. by that of Connaught, being about 116 milesjn length, and 100 in breadth. The princi- pal rivers are, the Banne, the Loughfoyle, the Swilly, the Mewry Water, and the Maine. It abounds with large lakes, the foil, in general, is fruitful in corn and grafs ; and there are plenty of horfes, Iheep, and beeves. T'he waters are deep, and yieM plenty of filh, particularly fab mon. The foutliern parts of this pro- vince arc rich, fertile, and well cultivated ; but the northern are hilly and mountain- ous. It includes within itielf, by far the greateft part of the linen manufactory; and contains the counties of Donegal. Derry, Antrim, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Ca- van, Armagh, Monaghan, and Down. Ulster, a river in the circle of the Upper Rhine, which runs into the Wcrra, near Vac-ha, in the principality of [Idle. Ulsthorp , Teicefrerfhire, N. of Lutter- worth. tilling , Effex, near Malden. Ultzen, or Veltze n, a town of Lunenburg, containing 3 churches, 3 hofpitals, and about 330 houfes. The principal articles of trade are wool, brandy, and meal. It was formerly liapfeatic, and is In uated on the ilpienau, 20 miles SSE. of Lunenburg. Cl ve rstonk, called by iljc country people Oustqn, a pretty good thriving town of Lancafhire, in the hundred of Furnefs, with regular, well paved fireets. This town is the port of Furnefs, fitting out about 70 flips for the coafting trade. The principal i unbare kept by the gubies, who regularly pais to and from Lancafle.r, three times a week. It is feated at the bottom of immenfe hills, between the ^ranches of the Duddon, pear i{s lpouth. u N D 9 18 miles NNW. of Lancailcr, and 267 NNW. of London. Market on Thurf- day. Uhescross Abbey, Leiceflerf. in Cham- wood- Forefl, was founded in a fequeftered and romantic fpot by Robert : Blanchmains, Earl of Leicefter, in the reign of Henry 11. It is now converted into a farm houfe. Umago, a lea port of lftria, lately fuh- jedl: to Venice. Uviberdey , or Umber slade , Warwick- Ihire, near Stratford-upon-Avon. Umbria. Sec Spoleto. UmbriatiCo, a town of Calabria Citra. Umea, a fea port of W. Bothnia. Unalashka, one of the Fox Iflands, in the Northern Archipelago. Underban ow , Vy eiim. SW. of Kendal; Underdilch , Wilts, a hundred between Ambrefbury and Sarum. Under ley, V\eft> morland, on the Lune, by Kirby-Lenf- dale. Undersvven, a town of Bern, Swillcr- land, fituated between the Lakes of Bri- t entz and Thun, near the famous cavern of St. Pat. It is 2 5 miles SE. of Bern. Underton , Shropshire, SW. of Bridge- , north. Underwalde n, a canton of Swifler- land, and the lixth in rank. It i.^ hound- ed on the N. by the canton of Lucern, and by the lake of the four cantons; on the E. by the Canton of Cri ; on the S. by the canton of Bern ; and on the V . i by the cantons of Bern and Lucern. It j takes its name from a large foreft of oaks, t which is nearly in the middle of tne coun- ■ try, and runs from N. to S. It is about 25 miles in length, and 17 in breadth, and is divided into two parts, (hat above the foreft, and that below it ; for this rca- fon there arc two councils, two jultices; and two land ammanies. it lias no towns nor bailiwicks; and the chief' advantage of the inhabitants allies from cattle, ami the filh taken in five Imall lakes- 1 lie people are of the Romifii church ; and the grand council is com nc fed of 08 members.- Sarnen is the principal place of the L pper \ alo; and Stantz of the Lower, and of the whole canton.. The L nderwaklers, in conjundlion with t lie ltates ot Eric and Schweiiz, Ihook oil the Auftrian yoke, in 1308 ; of ail the people of Swiileriand, they are the molt honoured and loved bv the other cantons, for their courage and love of liberty, joined to a Ifridt concord, • and amiable ftmplicity of manners. Underton , Sliroplhire, SW . of Bridge-* north. Undent ootl, Dcrhylhire, NE. of Alhborn. Underwood, Devonlbire. UngwaR* U N I Ungwar, a town of Hungary, 46 tiles NNE. of Cafcliau. United Provinces of the Ne- herlaNDS, a republic of Europe, con- ftincr of {even provinces, and extending om N. to S. not more' than InO miles, nd 100 in breadth from E. to W . They rc bounded on the W. and N. by the herman Ocean, and on the S. and E. by Laban t and Germany. Thefe provinces Lnk in the following order : 1 . Gueldcr- L„d, fubdivided into thediftnfetsof Nnne- Uen, Zutphen, and Arnheim; 2. Hol- land, fubdivided into N. Holland, S. Hol- land, and Vv . Fnelland; 3- Zealand, fub- i lividcd into the part near the E. Scheldt, and the part near the W. Scheldt; 4. j Utrecht ; 5. Fricfland; 6. Ovcryflel; and 7. Groningen. Belides thefe provinces, are the lands of the generally, (including Dutch Brabant, Flanders, and Limburg) in which are the towns of Bois-le-Duc, i B r eda, Bergen - op - Zoom, Maeftru ht, i Venlo, Sluys, Hulft, &c. This republic (which is likewife called by the general name of Holland) affords a ftriking proof, that unwearied and penevering induftry is I capable of conquering almoft every difad- I vantage of climate and fituation. 1 he air and water in this country are nearly equal- ly nad ; the foil produces naturally fcarce any thing but turf ; and the poiieflion of this very foil is difputed by the ocean, which riling confiderably above the level of the land, is prevented from overflowing it, only by ftrong and expenfive dikes. Yet the labours of the patient Dutchman have rendered this finall and feemingly infigniftcant territory one of the rich eft fpots in Europe, with refpedt to popula- tion ai d property. In other countries, poileffed of a variety of natural produc- tions, it is not lurpriling to find manufac- turers employed in augmenting the riches of the foil ; hut to lee, in a country like Holland, large woollen manufadturps, where there are fcarce any flocks ; nutu- beriefs aitifls employed in metals, where there is i ot a .mine ; thoufan.ls of law- mills, where there is Icarge a foreit ; an immenfe quantity of-corn, exported from a country where there is not agriculture furiicient to fupport one hall oi its inhabi- tants, is what inuft ftrike every attentive oblerver with admiration. Among t ie molt valuable natural productions of the United Netherlands may be reckoned their excellent cattle ; and large quantities ol madder are exported, chiefly cultivated in Zealand. The moll confidcrable revenue ariles from the fifhertes , uut thele arc not fo conlLerabic as formerly. llienum- u N I her of vellels employed in the herring . filhery, in particular, is reduced from up- wards of 2000 to lefs than 200 ; and yet it maintains, even now, no lefs than 20,000 people. About 100 vellels are employed in the Greenland filhery, and 140 in the cod filhery nOar the Dogger Bank, and near the coaft of Holland. I he Dutch were formerly in pofleffion of the coalring trade and freight of almoft all other trading nations. They were alfo the bankers for all Europe. But thefe advantages did not continue to be fo lucrative, when the other European nations began to open their eyes fo far as io employ their own {hipping in their trade, and to eftabhlb banks of their own. Notwithftandmg thefe deductions, the Dutch trade is ftill immenfe j in confequence of their vaft opulence, they ltill regulate the exchange for all Europe, and their country is, as it were, the univerfal warehouic of the com- modities of every quarter of the globe. Among the monopolies of their E. India Company, the fpice trade has long been the molt valuable : it comprehends the ar- ticles of cloves, mace, nutmeg, and cinna- mon. The Java coffee is the beft next to that of Mecca ; and other great branches of this trade are rice, cotton, pepper, &c. articles of great importance, but not in the exclufive pofleflion ot the Dutch. They are the only European nation hi- therto permitted to trade dircdtly to Ja- pan ; but this trade is alfo on the decline. Their W. India Company trades not only to the Weft Indies, but to the coaft of Guinea for Haves; and, diftitidt from this, they iiave two companies, which trade to Surinam and Berbice. I he foreign pof- feffions of the Dutch, in^Afia, previouily to the commencement ol the prefent war, w'ere the coafts ol the Bland ot Java, the capital of which is Batavia, the feat ol the governor general ot all their Eait-India fettlements ; fome fettlements on^ the coafts of Sumatra, Malabar, and Coro- mandel ; the greateft part of the Molupcas or Spice- Blands ; fettlements, or factories, in the Illand of Celebes, at Surat and Pe- tra, and in the Bull ot Perlia ; with Co-^ lombo, i rincoinale, &c. on the Bland of Ceylon. In Africa they had the Cape of Good Hope, with George-de-la-Mina, and other forttefies and factories in Guinea. In the Weft Indies they had the Iflands of St. Euflatia, Saba, and Curacoa ; and in S. America, the colonies of lilequibo. Denierary, Surinam, and Berbice, in ihe country ot Guiana. In Holland, t « * in- land trade is greatly facilitated by the nu- merous canals, which crois the country vn 4 pvery every direction. The number of manu- factures ertablifoed in the United Provinces is aft-ondhing. Saaruam, a village in N. Holland, contains, for inftance, about 900 windmills, partly corn-mills, partly faw and paper-mills, and mills for the making ©f white-lead, See. In former times, the Dutch were the exclufive pofieifors of fe- deral ingenious manufactures and arts ; as the refining of camphor and borax, the cutting andpoliftiing of diamonds, the re- fining of fugar, See. but, at prefent, thefe myfteries, few of them excepted, are in the hands of many other nations, towhofe commercial ignorance and want of induf- try the Dutch were once indebted for im- menfe profits, which have decreafed with the caufes ; among the reft, the woollen manufa&ory has prodigioufly decreafed. In a word, the Dutch trade is no longer in its ancient flourifhing fiatc, to which, even if the frugality and indjuftry of the nation had not been diminilhed by too great riches, the rivalfhip of other nations, and the commercial knowledge of the age, would never permit it to rife again. All iedls are tderated in Holland ; but, till lately, none but Calvin ills could hold em- ployments of trurt or profit. Since the great confederation of Utrecht, in 1579, (See Netherlands) the Seven United Provinces have been confidered as one po- litical body, united for the prefervation of the whole, in 1581, the Hague was ap- pointed the place of meeting for the States General, an aflcmbly inverted with the i'u- preme power of the confederation, and compoleci ©f deputies chofen out of the provincial rtates. This power related to the making war and peace, levying taxes. Sec. in their joint capacity; hut as to in- ternal government, each province was in- dependent not only of the other provinces, hut even of the fupreme power of the re- public. In the prefent difputes on the French revolution, the Dutch, at firrt, ap- peared holtile to the new republic, hut ne- ver heartily co-operated with the allies'. The rtadtholder was probably influenced ly the courts ofPrufliaand England, hut a party more powerful than his ow n were Ins enemies, and, on the invaiion ©f Hol- land by the French, in the beginning of 1795, he thought proper, with his fa- mily, to take refuge in England. Since then, their form of government has been modelled upon that of France, and they now form a republic one and indivifible. United St a t e s of A meric a, a rc- public of N. America, coniirting original- ly of thirteen provinces iubject to Great Britain, hut which, on the 4th of July, 177H, by their reprefen tatives in congrefs afiembled, made a folemn declaration of independence, and were afterwards ac- knowledged free and independent rtates by the treaty of Paris, in 1783. They are, j at prefent, 15 in number, viz. Mallachu- fetts, New Iiamplhire, Rhode llland, Conne&icut, New York, New Jerfey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir- ginia, N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, Ken- tucky, and A ermont. Beiides thefe, there are the diftridls of Maine, the Tenaflee government, and territory NW. of the Ohio, which, in procefs of time, will, it is probable, become rtates; the two firrt, perhaps, within a fliort fpace : the latter is, at prefent, inhabited by different tribes of Indians. Only eleven of thefe Hates acceded, at firrt, to the new federal coni’ti- tution, hut they were afterward joined by ' N. Carolina and Rhode Bland; and Ken- tucky and Vermont have fince been added to them . See A m e ri c a . Unna, a town of Mark, in Wertphalia, containing a Lutheran parifh church, a holpital ciuirch, which both the Calvin irts j and Lutherans ule for their worlhip, a nunnery, a chapel, and a Lutheran Ichool. So early as the year 1039, this place was a confiderable village, and with its very extenfive and profitable territory (Hill pol- felled by the town) belonged to the arch- bilhop of Cologne. In 1250 it was firrt environed with walls, and endowed with t the immunities of a town. Unna was \ formerly Ilanleatic, and at prefent ranks \ as the fecond town in the county. It is fituated in a fine plain, on a rivulet named the Kottelbecke, 8 miles E. of Dortmund, and 23 S. of Munfter. Unna, a river which rifes in Bofnia, on the borders qf Croatia, x8 miles S. of Bi- fiacs, and runs in the Save, about 16 miles N W . of G radi foe. Unst, the mort renvote of the fmaller Shetland Blands, about 8 miles long and 4 broad. In companion w r itb the other I Shetland ifles, it is reckoned level, vet its I iurface is diverfified by icveral extenfive I and moderately high hills. The Ihores of its numerous bays, creeks, and harbours, * I are low, (helving, and fandy, but the lands I are confiderably high and rocky. The I highert of the headlands rifes to the height fl of 60 or 70 fathoms. Unit abounds in iron, ftone, and lime-ilone, afiords large veins of | jai par, beautifully variegated with black I and green i pots ; and great plenty of white 1 fpar is thrown upon the fea beach. Black \ oats, bear, potatoes, cabbages, artichokes j of a delicate tarte, with various garden fl roots, greens, and moil of the garden VOL V O L owcrsthat grow in the north ot ?cot- lTK i, are common in this ifland. There .little or no 1'own grafs; but the mea- ows areTich in red and white clover; ad in the feafons of vegetation, are ena- melled with a beautiful profufion of wdd i owers. The pafturc-grounds in the oinmons are generally covered with a aort, tender,, flowering heath. The whole umber of cows and oxen (which lafl Ligh from 500 to 300lb.) in the ifland s not fewer than 2000 ; of thelc, about 1 130 are milch cows. The number of mrfes, well known by the name of (hel- ves, is about 1000. The (beep amount 0 about 6600. Filhing is an important pranch of bufinefs among the lllanders, i50 tons being taken on an average yearly. Hats, mice, frogs, toads, and adders, are unknown here. The number of houfes 5 n the ifland is about 30c, and of inhabi- tants about 1688. Unsted, Surry, S. of Godalmin. Un- don, Derby f. in Scarfdale. 1 Unterseen. See Underswen. i Unthank , Cmnberl. NF. of Kirk-Of- wald, in Dacre parifh. Lint hank, Dur- ham, on the Wear, oppofite to Stanhope. Unthanjc , SW. of Durham. Uny, Corn- wall, near Lalant, N. of Market- Jew. Uny, Cornwall, near Redruth. Unza, a province of Ruflia, the largeft tdivilion of the government of Koftrom. Voerden, a town of Paderborn ; and a town of Ofnaburgh. Vo G h e R a, a town of Pavi«. | Voglabruck, a town in the arch- (duchy of Auftria, fituated on the river Vo- gel, 27 miles SSE. of Paflau. V oid, a town in the dept, of Meurthe, 10 miles W. of Toul. Voigtland, a territory of Upper Saxony, moftly fubjetf to the elector. Vogt was anciently a title in the empire, which was difeontinued towards the mid- dle of the 1 4th century. The learned are not agreed as to what the name and dig- nity imported. Volano, a fea port in the Femrefe, fituated at the fouthern mouth of the Po, 23 miles E. of Ferrara. Volcanello, a fmall volcanic ifland, between Li pari and Volcano. Volcano, one of the Lipari Iflands, in the Mediterranean, lying to the S. of the Ifland of Lipari. It is about 12 miles in circumference, and is a volcano, in the form of a broken cone, but now emits fmoke only. Volcano, as well as all the rert of tbefe iflands, is fuppofed to have been produced by an eruption from fub- terranean fire. The production of this ifland, in particular, happened in the early time of the Roman republic, and is re- corded by Eufebms, Pliny, ami others. Volga, the largeft river in Europe, which has its fource in two fmall lakes, in the government of Tver, in Ruflia. It begins to be navigable a few miles above that town. It is confidcrably augmented here by the junction of the Tverza, which is a broader, deeper, and more rapid river. By means of the Tverza, a communica- tion is made between 1 the Volga and the Neva, or, in other words, between the Cafpian and the Baltic. This great river waters fome of the fineft provinces in the Ruffian empire, paffes by Yaroffaf, Kof- troma, Niffmci-Novogorod, Cafan, Sim- birik, and Saratoff ; entering the Cafpian Sea, by feveral mouths, below Aftracan. Volhinia, a palatinate of Poland, \V. of that of Kiov, about 180 miles in length, and from 80 to 120 in breadth. It con- fifts chiefly of well watered plains, pro- ducing a great furplus of corn. Rofemary, afparagus, &c. grow wild in the woods, and can hardly be diftinguifhed from thofe cultivated in the gardens. Lucko is the capital. Volkenmarck, in Carinthia. Vollenhoven, a town and diffrict of Overyflel, near the Zuyder Zee. Volo, a fea port of Janna, or Thefialy, 38 miles SE. of La riff a. Volodi vii r, or Vladimir, a govern- ment of the Ruffian empire, formerly a province of Mofcow. The foil is ex- tremely fertile, and in the forefts are in- numerable fwarms of bees. VoLODiMiR,or Vladimir., a town of Ruflia, capital of the government of the fame name, and feated on the ri+cr Kliaf- ma. It was once the metropolis of tiu- empire, and is 100 miles V.. by N. of Mofcow. Vologodskoi, formerly the largeft. of all the Ruffian European governments, as it contained the provinces of Vologda, Archangel, and Veliki Uffiug. It is now divided into the two provinces of Vologda and Veliki- Uffiug, and is bounded on the N. by the government of Archangel, and on the E. by the government of Tobolflc; rather more than 600 miles in length, and about 240 in breadth, it is a marfhy country, full of forefts, lakes, and rivers, and noted for its fine wool. Vologda, a city of Ruflia, in the pro- vince of the fame name, containing about 1700 houfes and feveral churches. The inhabitants trade in hemp, matting, lea- ther, and tallow. It is the fee of an arch- bilhop, and is feated on the river Sachona, near V o w UPS near the lake Kubenfkoe. S20 miles nearly S. of Archangel, and 308 E. of Peterf- burgh. VolpiaNO, a town in the principality of Piedmont, 8 miles and a half NNE. of Turin. Volsk, a town of RufTia, in the go^ vernment of Saratov, fituated on the Vol- ga, 76 miles NE. ofSaratov. Volta, or Rio Volta, a river of Guinea, which runs into the Atlantic, about 24 miles E. of A era. Volterra, a town of Tufcany, con- taining 25 churches, chapels, or oratories, and 20 religious houfes. It is a lonely, mean 'place, and entire villages in the neighbourhood lie in ruins. It is noted for its medicinal waters, and is feated on a mountain, 32 miles SE. of Pifa. Volturno, a river of Naples, which falls into the Gulf of Gaieta. Volturara, a town of Capitanataj nlfo a town of Principato Ultra. Volvic, a town in the dept, of Puy- dc.-Dome, 2 miles SW. of Iiioin. Mere are immenfe quarries, formed by a current of prodigious lavas, which furnifh mate- rials for buildings, and for4he fculptor. Voorn, an ifland of S. Holland, be- tween the mouths of the river Maefe. Brill is the capital. This ifland, with that of Goree and Ovcrfiackee, which are near jrfmake the territory called Veomland, which was anciently part of Zealand. Voorn, an ifland and fort between the rivers Waal and Meufe, 9 miles NNE. of Bois-le-Duc. Vo ronetz, a government of Ruflia, the capital of which, of the fame name, is feated on the river Voronetz, near its iun6Vion with the Don, 256 miles S. of Molcoiv. Vosges, a department of France, in- cluding the S. part of Lorrain, which was lately a province of the fame name. It is fo called, from a large chain of mountains, covered with wood, that fepamte this de- partment fr m the departments of Upper Saone and Upper Rhine. Epinal is the capital. Uotherfidd, Hants, S. of Alton. Vouille, a village in the department of Vienne, 1" miles NW. of Poitiers. Here Clovis gained^ in 507, a- battle a gain'd Alaric, king < f Vifigoths, (whom lie flew with his own hand > which ex- tended the dominions of the franks from the l wire to the Pyrenees- f'o:celsc\'?nb, Devoid'. NE. of Mod- bvirv. Upherry , Bedfordf. in Pullox-Hill parifh. Upherry , Kent, a manor of Gil- lingham. Upturn- Deuicot, Bucks, pear Beacon sfield. Upcerne, Dorfetf. a mih and a half NW. of Cerne Abbas. Up- churchy Kent, 3 miles and a half NW of Milton, and 5 from Chatham. Up. cote , Devonf. in Cheriton parifh. Up. hall, Ffiex, near Great Ilford. Uphali Herts, between Puckeridge and Albury Upham, Hants, NW. of Bifhop’s-Wnl tham. Up-Hatherley , Glouccf. a hamle to Shurdington. Uphaven, Wiltfhire, i( miles S. by W. of Marlborough. Uphil Somerf. near the pafl'age to Wales, acrof: the Briftol Channel. Uphollaud, Line. Upl and, a province of Sweden, bound ed on the N. and W. by Wcdmanja anc Geftriciaj on the NE by the Baltic, anc on the S. by the Malar Lake. It is aboui 70 miles in length, and 55 in its greatefi breadth, is very populous, and fertile ir corn, and has mines of iron and lead Stockholm is the capital. Upleadon , Gloucederf. on theLeden, miles E. of Ncwent. Upleatham , Yorkf N. of Gifborough. Up Lyme, or Nctbei Lijme, Dorfetfh ire, near Lyme Regis. Ui Loman , Devonf. NE. of Tiverton. Up- minster, Effex, 15 miles E. by N. of Lon- don. Upnor-Caslle, Kent, near Frendfbury almod oppodte Chatham- Dock, was huiij bv Queen Elizabeth, for defence of the Medway. Its platform carries 37 guns that command two reaches of the river, and defend all the fliips that ride between them and Roeheder bridge. Upper Ot- ter y; fee Mount Otter y. Up Park, Sufle.y in Harting parifh. Upper leigh, Gloucef in Wedbury parifh. *Up ping ham, a well built town o Rutland, with a good free-fehool, and at' hofpital. It is 6 miles S. of Oakham, anc 90 N. by W. of London. Market on Wednefday. Uppington, Shropf. NW. of Wrekin- H ill. Uprightly, Cumberl. near Carlifle. Upsala, a -town of Sweden, in Up- land, anciently the refidence of the fove- reigns, and where the Heathen prieds, in the times of paganifm, offered the greatefi facrifices. It containts exclufive of the dudents, about 3000 inhabitants. The ground-plot is extremely regular. It is divided into two almod equal parts by the final! river Sal a ; and the ftrects arc drawn at right angles from. a central kind oi fquare. A few of the houfes are built oi brick, and ftuccoed ; but the generality are confiruclcd of trunks, imoothed into the fhape of planks, and painted red. The roofs arc covered in with turf and each ho ufe has its 1 mall court-yard, or garden. I'pfa’a was formerly the metropolis oi Sweden, and the toyal refidence. 'Phe an- cient U P T cicnt palace was a magnificent building, ! until great part of it was confumed by fire j in 1702. The cathedral, which is a large Gothic ftruddure of brick, has been feve- ; ral times greatly damaged by fire, and as | often repaired. The univerfity is the moll ancient in Sweden, and is the firft femi- | nary in the North for academical educa- : tion. Its library contains many valuable books, and near a thoufand inanufcripts. ‘Among thefe is the Codex Argenteus, I fuppofed to be Uphila’s Gothic tranfia- tiou of the Four Evangclifts; but it feems rather to be written in the language of the ancient Franks. The Royal Society here is likcwife the oldeft literary academy in the North. Here is a botanical gar- den, of which the celebrated Linne Was fuperintendant. The Swcdifh geogra- phers compute their longitude from Up- fal. Upfala is 35'milcs NNW. of Stock- holm. Upsall and Castle, Yorkf. N. of Thirik. Upsetlin'gton , Northumb. near Berwick. Upshire, ElTex, near Waltham- Abbey. Ups idling, Dorfetf. W. of Cerne- Abbey. Upstreet, Kent, in Chifiet parilh, W. of Thanet Tile. Upton, a neat, well built town of Worcefterflnre, noted for giving name to a hundred. From the number of Roman coins that arc often dug up here, it is be- lieved to have been formerly a Ration of the Roman foldiers. It has a new church, built in 1758, and is feated on the river Severn, over which it has a Rone bridge, with a harbour for barges, 10 miles S. of Worcefier, and 111 WNW. of London. Market on Thurfday. Upton, Berks, between Abingdon and Eaft llfley. Upton, Bucks, near Datchet and Eaton. Upton, N. of CheRcr, be- tween the Dee and Merfey. Upton, Che- . Ihire, near Ov Tchurch and Woodchurch. Upton , Dorfe.f. near Ofminton. Upton, Dorfetf. near Bridport. Upton, Dorfetf. 2 miles from Ilamworthy. Upton ; Elfex, in Weft Ham parilh. Upton, Gloucef. a hamlet to Uawkclburv. Upton, Gloucef. in Tetbury parilh. Upton, Gloucef. near Badminton. Upton , Hants, N. of An- dover. Upton, Hereford!’. NE. of Rofs. Upl ?i, Iluntingd. SE. of the Giddings. Upton, Leicefterf. in Sibfton parifh, SW. of Bofworth. Up'V’Ti, Lincolnf. SE. of Gainfborouirh V ..ton, Norfolk, N. of Accle. Upton, Nor-hamptonf. NW. of Peterborough. Upton, W. of Northamp- ton. Upton, Nottingh. in Hendon parifh. Uptdn, Nottingh. E. of Southwell. UptJn, SE. of Shrewfbury. Upton. Somerletl. NE. of Dulvertop. UpL-n, \> aj wickf. u R a near Ratley. Upton, Warwickf. E. of Alcefrer. Upton, Yorkf. NE. of Barnef- ley. Upton- Bishops, Herefordfhire, NE. of Rols. Upton-Chenay, Gloucefterf. near Bitton. Upton Cresset, or Little, Shropf. SW. of Bridgnorth. Upton - Dring, Yorkf. in Floldernefs, NW. of Hornfey. Upton ■ Grey, Hants, SW. ofOdiham. Upton - fleiion, Devonf. N. of Crediton. Upton , Higher, Devonfhire, in Colnmpton pa- rifh. Upton, St. Leonard's, 3 miles SE. of Gloucefter. Upton-Lavel, Wilts, SE. of Uarefbury. Upton Noble, Somerfetf. between Erome and Bruton. Upton- Pine, Devonf. N. of Exeter. Upton Scudamore , Wilts, N. ofWarminfter. Upt.cn S nodes - bury, NE. of Worcefter. Upton, IVarin, Worcefterfhire, between Droitwich and Bromfgrove. Upware , Cambriugef. W . of Soham. Upxcay, near Dorchcffcr. Up- well, C am bridgefl a i re, n ear W i ft each . Up- wood, Huntingdonf. W. ofRamfey. Ur. a ba, a province of Terra Firma, on a gulf of the fame name, in the go- vernment of Carthagena, E. of the pro- vince of Darien. Ural, a river of the Ruffian empire, in Afia, which rifes in Mount Caucafus. and watering Uralik, in the province of Orenburg, falls into the Cai’pian Sea, by three mouths, below Gurief. Uralian Cossacs, a people that in- habit the Ruffian province of Orenburg, in Alia, on the S. fide of the river Ural. Thefe Cofiacs are defeended from thofe of the Don : they profefs the Greek reli- gion j but therd are a kind of difienters from the eftablifhed religion, whom the Ruffians called Roskolniki, or Separatifts, and wiio ftyle themfclves StarovcrsJd, or Old Believers : they conlidcr the fervice of the eitablifhed church as profane and facrilegious, and have their own priefts and ceremon ; es. The Uralian Cofiacs are all cnthufiaRs for the ancient ritual, and feem to prize their beards more than their lives. The river Yaik, however, is now called Ural; the Yaik Cofiacs. art* denominated Uralian Collars ; and the town of Yaitik, Uralik. The Uralian Cofiacs enjoy the right of filhing on the coaft of the Cai’pian Sea, for 47 miles on. each fide of the river Ural. Their princi- pal filhery is for fturgeons and beluga, whole roe fupplies large quantities of ca- viare j and the fifin, which are cbictUy falted and dried, aft rd a confiderable ar- ticle of confiimption in the Ruffian em- pire. In conlequcncc of thele fiftieries, theft Cofiacs are very rich. Uralsk, a town of Ruffia, in the go- vernment of Caucafus, feated on the river Ural, U R G USE Ural, about 328 ijniles NNE. of Aftracap. Till the year 1774, it was called Yaitfk. See the preceding' article. Uranienburgk, v/as formerly a mag- nificent caffle of- Denmark, in the little lfland of Huen, in the n field le, of the Sound. It was built for Tycho Brahe, who called it Uranienburgh, or the C'aitle of the Heavens, and .who 'here-made his . obforvations ; but it is now in ruins. Ur bane a, a town of Urbino. Urbino, a city of Italy, capital of the duchy of Urbino, containing a ducal pa- lace, a univerfity or acaclehty, (one of the molt ancient in Italy) a noble college, ie- ^ venal churches, and 16 convents. The palace was built by duke Frederick, who furnifhed it with many ancient flatues of niarhle and bronze, excellent paintings, and a library of curious and rare books. The library was cdnveyyd to, Rome, by pope Alexander VII. The houfes aie well built, and great quantities of fine earthen ware are made here. 'It is fit ua ted on a hill, at the union of the two rivers, near the head of the' Foglio, -miles S. of Rimini,, and 1,20 NE. of Rome. „ UrBino, a duchy of Italy, in the pope’s territory, bounded on the N. by Romagna, on the NE. by the . Adriatic, on the SB. by Ancona,- on the S. by diet Perugian, o, and on the W. by Tufcany and Romagna. R is about 55 miles ill length, and 45 in breadth. Here is great plenty of fifh’and game; but the air is not reckoned wholefome, nor is fne foil fertile. One of the chief produdfiohs is iilk. Urbino was formerly governed by its own dukes, of whom the laft, Francis Maria, of Rovere, dying in Tie year- 1631 , without male iffue, the pope took polleffion of his- territory. The duke had, by will, in 1 . 626 , confirmed the pope’s claims', and already, in effect, made over, the country. Poggio imperiale, and other allodial eftat£s in this country, be- long, however, -by female inheritance, to the duke of Tufcany. Urbino is the capital. Urchjont, Wilts, NE. of Eaft Ldving- to n . U rching field, S Y V . of H er eford . Urcote, Gloucef. .Sf of Thorn bury. Ure. See IfowREd Urc.antz, a towa^of ' Afia, in the country of Charafm, on a rivOr whijh runs into 'the Lake of Aral. It was for- merly a very confidcrabte place, having been lour miles in circumference j. but it is noW greatly reduced. Lat. 42. 55-. N. l,on. 59. go.E: L r^gel, a town of Catalonia, feated on the* river Sagra, 60 miles W, of Perpig- nan, and 73 N. by W. of Barcelona. Uri, the mod fouthern canton of Swif- ferland, and the fourth in rank. It is bounded on the N. by the canton of / Schweitz, and the Lake of the Four Can- tons p on the E. by thcGrifons, and the canton of Glarus ; on the S. by the baili- wicks ot Italy ; jpid on the W. by the canton of Underwalden and part of Bern. It is about ’60 miles in length, and 28 in breadth. Altorff is the capital. The people arc Roman Catholics, and were fornferly free, under the jurifdidVion of the empire!. Albert I. however, aiming at their entire fubjedVion, placed a fevere vogt over them, whole name was Gefzler, who, among other irritating procedures, fet up a hat on a pole, at Altorff' with orders' that the fame tokens of regard Ih'ould be paid to it as to his own perl'on. AViUiam 'Fell openly refufed to comply with this mark of flavery, and loon after, viz. in' 1308, effedlted an union between the three cantons of Uri, Schweitz, and, Underwalden, for lhaking off the Auftriaa yoke, which, in 1315, was improved into a perpetual alliance. , Uri, Lake ot, in Swiffcrland. See W ALD ST7ETTER- SEE. UrlingJord in Kilkenny, Leinfter. ' Vnnston, Lancaf. SW. of Mancheffer. UrpetJi y Durham, NW. of Lumley-Caf- Orou hart, a town of Rofslhire. JJrsxiick, Lancaf. S. of Ulverfton. Usbec Tartary, or Mawaral- • nahar, a country of Weftern Tartary, S. of the country of the Kalmucs. Thefe Tartars are divided into feveral tribes, go- verned by their refpedtive khans ; but formerly {hey were under one fovereign, - and were accounted the mod powerful of all the Tartarian natiorts. Their priiioi- ; paPkhans pride themfeU'es in being de- J Icended from Tamerlane, whofe birth- place was the ajicient city of Samarcand. 'Fhc Ulbecs, in their perlons, arc faid to have fairer complexions and neater fea- d -tares than the Kalmucs. Their religious profeflion is Mahometanilin ; and they s cfilPer, in general, very little from the people of tlicmortheru "provinces of Hin- dooftan. That country is fupplied hence , with yhe moll. fejvkeable horfes, camels, and other cattle. U shorn. Great and Little , Yorkf. near the Oufe, SF. of - Boroughbridge. Usedom, an iflnnd. of Pomerania, fcat- * ed at the mouth of the river Oder, on the Baltic, 30 miles in length, and irregulaf in breadth. It is lubjedl to Prullia, and has a town of the lame name, fituated on the SW. coalt. USERCHE, UsERCHE, a town in the dept, of Cor- reze, 16 miles NNW. of Tulle, and 217 S. of Paris. / Ushant, an ifland of France, on the coaft of Finifterre, about 12 miles from the continent. It is 10 miles in circum- ference, and contains feveral hamlets, a caftle, a fmall port, and about 700 inha- bitants. *Usk, a town of Mon mouth (hire, feated on the river Ufk. It is a large place, with well-built Hone houfes, 141 miles W. of London. Market'on Moll- day. Usk, a river of S. Wales, which riles ©n the W. fide of Brecknockfhire, and watering the towns of Brecon, Crick- ilowel, Abergavenny,' Ufk, and Caerleon, enters the Bnftol Channel below New- port. Usk, in Kildate, Leinfter. Uskelt, Yorkf. near the river Wharfe, NE. of Sherborn. Usleit, Yorkf. by the Oufe, NW. of Burton- upon -Trent. Usneach, a mountain in Weft Meath, Leinfter, on which fires were kindled by the Druids, in honour of Beal, or the Sun. It was the grand Bealtinne of the northern parts of Leinfter, where the ftates affem- bled, and Jield judgment on criminals, when fuch as were accounted worthy of death, were burnt between two fires of Beal. This feems to have given rile to the account of the Druids offering up hu- man victims as facrifices. Children, alfo, and cattle, were made to pafs between thefe fires by way of purification. Us s el, a town in, the dept, of Correze^ 30 miles NE. of Tulle. Ussclby , Line. NW. of Market-Raifin. Uss/taw f W. of Durham. Ustiano, a town in ,the Mantuan. Ustings , Bucks, between Winflow and Aylefbury. Ustk/g, or Velikoi Ustmug, a town of Vologda. U ston y Berks, on the Ken net, between Silham and Aldermafton. Us way, a /ri- ver in Northumberland, which runs into the Cocke t, below Whitfide. Usworth , Durham, W. of Hilton- Caffe.' Utkin - toil, O.iefhire, a mile from Torpedey. Utrecht, a large and celebrated city of the United provinces, capital of a pro- vince of the fame name, it is of a fqnare form, and about 3 mjles iit circumference, without its four fubvirbs, which are con- fiderable. The iteeple Of the cathedral is very lofty, and ' the handfomeft in the United Provinces. There is a grhat num- ber of churches and hofpltals. The ftu- donts of the univerfity, which is very fa- mous, wear their ordinary drefs, and board, in private houfes in the town, as there .are fcarcely any endowed colleges in Holland. All the avenues to this city arefiandfome, and' the environs are full of gardens, walks, and groves, which, added to the purity o r the air, render Utrecht one of the moft agreeable places for refidence in thefe parts, and accordingly a great many opulent families refort hither. In July, 1672, the French made thcmfelves m afters of it, \Vhen Louis XIV. entered the. city in ftatr, accompanied by the duke of Or- leans, and the duke of Mo/>mouth ; but on the 13th oT Ncveipbeu, the duke, of Luxemburg, who had been appointed governor, abandoned the city and the whole province, after having compelled them, to pay 450’, 000 livres. This town is famous for the treaty of union, figfied in 1579, between the Seven Provinces, which laid the foundation of the republic} as . fikwife for the treaty of peace con- cluded here, in 1713, between the allies and France. It is feated on the ancient channel of the Rhine, IS miles SSE. of Amft^rdam, and 27 NE. of Rotterdam. Lat. 52. 7. N. Ion. 5. S. E. • Utrecht, one "of the Dut6h United Provinces, furrounded on ail fidcs by Hollahd and Guelderland, excepting one fmall ftrip of land to the northward, and bordering on the Zuyder Zee. , The air is very healthy here} nor are-thefS any in- undations to' fear, as in other provinces ; the foil is moftly rich meadow, though, in many parts, full of turf grounds, and the country is pleafarTt. The length of it is not above 30 miles/ and the breadth is no- more than 20 , although it contains 70 towns and villages. The number of Cal vi gift minilfers is 79, who holcla fy-> nod once a year at Utrcclit. Tjie Roman Catholics have above 30 churches. There are hut few Lutherans, Reiponftrants, and Artabaptifis. Utter by i Lrncoln&ire, 3 miles from Louth. | * \U t r o X E T 2 R , a large town ' of S taf- fordlhirc,^\vith a bridge o^er the river Dove, that leads into Derbyfhire. Here are a great number of iron- forges, and its market is the greateft in this part of Eng- land, for corn, cattle, hogs, fheep, but- ter, and c'heefe. By the late inland na- vigations, it communicates with all the midland counties, ft is feated among e^c- cHlept paftures for breeding and fattening cattle, 13 miles NE. of Stafford, and 130 NW. of London. Market'on Wednes- day. Fairs on ^lay 6th, and July^3lft., Utznajzh, a town of Zurich, which 3 H belongs. U X B belongs, however, to the cantons of Gla- ms and Schweitz, who appoint a bailiff alternately. Vurnwey , a river of Montgomeryshire, which runs into the Severn near Melv^rly. * Uxbridge, a town of Middlefex, wh ch though it is a hamlet to Great Hillingdon, is governed independently by two bailiffs, two con (tables, and four headboroughs. The Coin runs through it, in two ftreams, and over the main ftream is a ftone bridge, that leads into Buckinghamlhire, Near it is a navigable canal, which communicates with the Thames at Brentford. A treaty was car- ried on here between Charles I. and the parliament, in 1645 ; but it was broken off. The houi'e in which the plenipoten- U z E tiaries met, at the lower end of the town, is ftill called the Treaty-Houfe. Near this town are the remains of a camp, fup- pofed to be Britifh. Uxbridge is 15 miles W. by N. of London. Market on Thuri- day. Uxcnden, Middlefex, E. of Harrow-on- the-Hill. Uxtnore, Oxfordlhire, NW. of Henley- upon Thames. Uzeda, a town of New Caltile, 30 miles N. of Madrid. Uzel, a town in the dept, of the North Coaft, with a confiderable trade. It is 17 miles S. of St. Brieux. Uzes, a town in the dept, of Gard, feated in a country abounding in corn, oil, (ilk, cattle, and good wine, 12 miles N. ofNifmes. WAD WAD W AADBRIDGE, or Wade- ries, of which, each minifter or redlor offi- bridge. See Warebridge. dates in turn, and (hares the revenue. In W aag, or Vag, a river of Hungary, this parifh is Eyethorp, the elegant feat which rifes in the Carpathian mountains, of the carl of Chefterfield. Waddesley , paffes by Leopoldftadt, and falls into the Yorkf. NE. of Sheffield; has a bridge Danube, oppofite the Bland of Schut. over the Dun, and a forge for making Waal, or Wahal, a river of the iron. Waddiker-Hall, Lancaf. N. of United Provinces, one of the ouFets of Cardan g. Waddingham, St. Mary's and the Rhine, which- branches ofF from that “5V. Peters , Lincolnf. near Kirton-in- rwer at Schencken Schans. It runs from Lindfey. Waddington , 3 miles S. of Lin- E. to W. through Guelderland, palTes by coin. Waddington, Yorkf. on the Ribble, Nimeguen, Tiel, Bommel, andGorcum ; near Bowland-Fored; has a noble hofpi- and joining the Macfe, paffes by Dort, tal, eredted and endowed for 10 widows \ and falls into the German Ocean below and a chaplain. Waddon , Dorfetf. in Briel. After both rivers have formed one Bradpole parifh, a little to the S. of Outh- ftream, (near Gorcum) it is fometimes francis. Waddon, E. and IV. Dorfetfhire, called Merwe, and fometimes Meufe. near Abbotfbury. Near them is Friar Wablingtnn , or Warblington , Hampf. Waddon , another hamlet, where is a cha- E. of Havant. Wabridge, and its Forest , pel, now ufed as a dairy. Wade , Hants, Huntingd. NE. of Spaldwick. Wdburn , by Havant. and its Hall , Yorklhire, N. Riding, Wadebridge. See Warebridge. NW. of Condable- Burton. IVachinny , Wadefast, Cornwall, NE. of North Pe- and Park, Ide of Wight, in W. Medina, thering. Wadehurst , Sufl'ex, SW. of Lam- Wachtendonck, a town in the berh urft- Comm on. Wadeh, a river in Rad- duchy of Guelderland, dtuatedin a marfhy norf. hut which runs into the Lug, near country, on the river Niers, whofe waters Combe, in Herefordf. about 3 miles E. of fill the ditches, 7 miles NE. of Venlo. Preftcign. Wadeltoii, Shropf. on the Oimy, Wackcrfitld , Durham, NE. of Stain- NW. of Ludlow. Wadenhall, Kent, near drop. Wackton, Herefordfhire, NW. of Stelling and Petham. Wade's Mill, Herts, Rrorriyard. Wadborough, Worcelterfhire, on the Rib, 2 miles N- of Ware. Wad-. 5. miles NW. of Perfhore, where the ab- ley, Berks, near Farringdon. lVadon y hots Of that monaftery had formerly a Surry, in Croydon parifh. II ad shelj, Der- park- byf. SW. of Chefterfield. Waddf.ll, a town of N. Carolina, Wadstena, a town of E. Gothland, So miles W. of Exeter. on the Lake Wetter, 20 miles SVY. of Waddenhoe , Northampton!. on the Nen, Linkioping. SW. of Ouudle. // dddesdon, Bucks, Wadsworth, Yorkf. NW. of Halifax, near Winchington, has 3 diftindl redto- Wadworth, Yorkf. SW. of Doncafler. Waes, W A L WaEs, a territory in Flanders, extend- ing from Ghent to Yfendick, along the river Scheldt. There are fine meadows, and good paftures, with plenty of corn and flax, befide horfes that are in high elteem. St. Nicholas and Rupelmond are the principal places. iVdgen , Y orkihire, N. of Hull-. Wageningen, a town of Guelder- land, on the Lech, 7miles W. of Arnheiin. Wagria, a territory in the NE. part of Holltein, between the Baltic and the Trave. It is about 20 miles in length and 15 in breadth. 'Waxgatz, ftraits between Nova Zem- bla and the continent of Ruliia. Waight Court, Ifle of Wight, in Weft Medina. Wainfleet, a town of Lincolnfhire, feated on a creek near the fea, with feveral trading veflels belongingto it, and an ex- cellent free-fchool. It is 14 miles NNE. of Bofton, and 130 N. of London. Mar- ket on Saturday. Waitby , Wefhnorl. near Kirby- Steven. JVaitwith , Yorkfhire, near Richmond. Wakebridge-Hall, Derbyf. NE. of Wirkf- worth. * Wakefield, a large, well-built town, in the W. Riding of Yorklhire* feated on the river Calder, which has been made navigable hither from Caftleforth, and from hence to Eland and Halifax. The principal trade is in white cloths and tammies, it confifts chiefly of three fpa- cious flreets, and is 28 miles SW. of York, and 184 NNW. of London. Mar- kets on Thurfday and Friday; the latter for woollen cloth. Wakehurst, and its Parky SufTcx, E. of Worth-Foreli. Wakering , Magna and Parva, Kfl’ex, near Shobury. Wakerton , or Wakely, II erts, SW. of Buntingford, and half a mile S. of Berkfden. IVaker- ley, Northamp. by the river Wellahd, N. of Rockingham Foreft. Wakfs, or El- ton sTower, Somerfetf. in Briftol Channel, . near Clevedon. Wake ton. Great and JLit- ) tie, Norfolk, near Long Stratton, between Schole and Norwich. Wakthwaite , Cum- berland, N. of Kefwick. Walachia, a province of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the N. by Moldavia and Tranfylvania ; on the E. by Befiara- bia and the river Danube; on the S. by Bulgaria; and on the W. by Tranfyl- vama, the bannat of Temefwar, and the Danube. It is 280 miles in length, and 150 in its greateft breadth. It abounds' in excellent horfes and cattle, and there are mines of feveral kinds. The foil is very fertile ; and there are good paftiucs, with W, A L wine, oil, and all manner of European fruits. The inhabitants, who are chiefly of t/he Greek church, are wretchedly ig- norant ; and the highefl: attainments of. the ecclefiaftics feldom go beyond reading and Tinging well, and knowing the ceremonies ©f the church. Walachia is governed by a prince, often eledled by the people, and Riled waywode, defpot, or hofpodar. He is a vaflal of the Ottoman Porte ; his year- ly tribute generally amounting to about 60,000 ducats. IValberton, SuiTex, SW. of Arundel. Walberry , Eflex, near Hallingbury. IV ctl- botile, North umb. in Thrafterton manor. Walbridge , Somerfetf. over the Frorne, leads into Wilts. Walcheren, an ifland of the United Provinces, the principal of Zealand. It is feparated from the iflands of N. and S. Beveland, by the E. Scheldt, and from Dutch Flanders by the W. Scheldt ; be- ing furrounded on the other fides by the German Ocean. It is about 13 miles in length and 8 in breadth, and, lying very low, is fubjedl to inundations, but is pret- ty fruitful, and has good arable and paf- ture lands. The capital of this ifland, and of the whole province, is Middleburg. IValcot, a village m Lincolnfhire, on the borders of the fens, within one mile of Folkingham. It has a chalybeate fpring, formerly much frequented. IValcot , Wor- cef. 2 miles NE. of Perfbore. Walcote^ Leicefterf. E. of Lutterworth. Walcote , Lin col nf. SW. of Tatterfhal. Walcote , Lincolnf. near the Trent, N. of Burton. Walcote , Norf. near Happifburgh. Wad- cote , Norfolk, near Difs and Burden. Walcote , Oxfordf. near Charlbury. Wal- cote, , Shropf. near Chirbury. Walcote , Shropfhire, SE. of Bifhop’s-Caftle. Wal- cote, Shropf. W. of Wellington. Wal- cote, Somerfetf. at the entrance of Bath from Wilts. Walcote , Warwickfhire, in, Walcote, Warwickf. a hamlet of Gran borough. Walcourt, 3 town of Namur, feated on the river He are, between the Maefe and Sambre, 9 miles S. of Charleroy. In 1689, Marefchal d’Humieres, defirous of celebrating the feaft of St. Louis by a victory, attacked the allies, under prince Waldeck and the earl of Marlborough, near this place; but after a fight of about two hours, was obliged to retire with great lofs. Waldburg, a cajftle, which gives name to a county of Suabia, fituated be- tween the tier and the Danube, about 35 miles SSW. of Ulm. Waldeck, a town in the circle of 3 H 2 Upper W A L W A L Upper Rhine, capital of a county of the fame name, N. of Hefl’e, and E. of the duel iv of Weftphalia. It is 18 miles WSW. of Cartel. WaideCk, a county in the circle of Upper Rhine, S. of the bifhopric of Pa- derborn, about 24 miles in length and 20 in breadth. ’The country abounds in cat- tle and grain, though it is fomewhat mountainous and woody ; and there are mines of iron, copper, quickfilver, and alum. It contains 18 towns and a mar- ket village, and is fiippofed to bring in above 100,000 rix dollars to the prince. * Walden, Saffron, a town in Ef- fex, f ated among fields of fatlron, which is here cultivated, though not fo much of kite as formerly. Dr. Stukely, describing this town, fays, it is the moil beautiful lituation he ever met with. It is 27 miles NW. by N. of Chelmsford, and 42 N. by E. of London. Market on Saturday. Walden, Yorkf. W. of North Cave. Walden , King's and St. Paul's, Herts, near Hitchin. Walden burg, the name of feveral towns in Germany. Waldern , Sufiex, W. of Warble ton. W alder share, Kent, 4 miles and a half S. of Sandwich, IP alderswick, Suffolk, near Southwold. Walderton, Sufiex, near the Merdens. Waldingfield, Magna and Parva, Suffolk, between Sudbury and Billeffon. Waldinwells, A orkl. SE.ofRo- theram. Waldish, Dcrfetf. near Rridpo.t. Waldilch, Dorfetf. a mile N. of Baunton. Waldkirch, a town in Auftrian Suabia, in the Brifgau. Waldridge , Durham, SW. o'f Lumley- Caftle. Waldridge, Bucks, in Dynton parifh. ■ W aldringfield, Suffolk, on the Dehen, S. of Woodbridge. Waldshut, a town of Auftrian Sua- bia, one of the four Forcft 'Towns, 19 miles W. of Schaff haufen, and 26 E. of Bafil. Waldsttetter Sf.e, or Lake of the Four Cantons, one of the fineft lakes in Swifterland, with rcfpccSt both to it- extent, being 20 miles in length, as to the fublimkv and variety of the lcencry it exhibits. It con lifts of three principal branches, called the Lakes of Lucern, Schweitz, and Cri. The upper branch, or Lake of Lucern, is in the form of a crofs, and is bounded towards the town by cultivated tubs doping gradually from the water, contraffed on the oppofite fide hv a mats of barren and craggy rocks. Mount Pilate, one of the higteft moun- tains in SwiPerland, tiffs boldly from this lake. Towards ihu L. of this branch. the lake contradfs into a narrow' creek, fcarcely a mile acrofs. Soon after, it again widens, and we enter the fecond branch, or Lake of Schweitz : with the canton of Under waklen on one fide, and that of Schweitz on the other. Here the moun- tains are rffyre lofty, and infinitely varied ; fome covered to the very fummits with the molt lively verdure, others perpendicular and craggy; here forming amphitheatres of wood; there jutting into the water in bold promontories. Near Brumen is the third branch, or Lake of U’ri, which takes a SE. direction ; the feenerv the moil fub- lime imaginable. It is a deep and nar- row lake, about 9 miles long, bordered on both (ides by rocks uncommonly wild and romantic, and, for the molt part, per- pendicular, with forefts of beech and pine growing down their fides to the very edge of the water. Wales, a principality in the W. of the Bland of Great Britain, comprehend- ing 12 counties; namely, Anglefey, Car- narvonfhire, Denbighihire, Flintfhire, Me- rionethfhirc, and Montgomeryfhire, in North Wales ; Brecknockihire, Cardigan- fhirc, Carmarthenshire, G la m organ fh i re, Pembrokefhire, and Radnorfhire, in South Wales. 'Phis country is, for the nraft part, mountainous, but its produce fufff- cient for the maintenance of the inha- bitants. It is the country to which the ancient Britons fled, when this ifland was invaded by the v idlorious Saxons. They are now' called \\ elfin, and continue to preferve their ancient language. The weft- ern part is bounded by St. George's Channel and the Irifh Sea; the fouthern by jhe Briftol Channel ; the northern by the irifh Sea ; and the carte rn by the coun- ties of Chefter, Salop, Hereford, and Monmouth, it contains 7a 1 parifhes, and 68 market- towns. The air is clear andfharp, the cattle final]; and prov’fions, in general, good anil cheap. Wales is par- ticularly remarkable for goats, which na- turally delight in hilly countries; for fuel, they ufe wood, coal, and turf. It is wa- tered by many riv*r^ the principal oT which are noted in the different counties. W ales was long governed by independent kings, till their laff prifice, Llewellyn, being vanquifhed and flaiii, in 1283, Ed- ward I. reduced the \vhulq country under the F.nglifh dominion. He alfo inverted the principality in his fecund fon, Edward, who afterwards becoming heir of the Eng- lifh monarchy, the cldbft fon of the kings of England have ever fince .been created Prince of Wales. In the reign of Henry Yiil. the government and jurifprudence W A L cf Wales were modelled according to the EnglHh form, and the inhabitants admit- ted to the enjoyment of all the Englifh rights and liberties, particularly that of fending members to parliament, a knight for every {hire, and a burgefs for every {hire- town, except Merioneth. Wales, New North, a country of N. America, W. of Hud Ion’s Bay. Wales, New South, a country of -N. America, extending 150 leagues along the SW. coaft of Hudfon’s Bay, and fub- jecl to Great Britain. See Hupson’s- Bay, and Labrador. Wales, New South, the eaftern coal! of New Holland, extending from Jat. 43. 49. to 10 . ,37* S being the NE. and SE. extremities of that vaft iftand- This coaft was firft explored hy Captain Cook, in 1 770 ; and a defign wis formed, •in consequence of his recommendation, to fettle a colony of convi&ls at Botany Bay, in lat. 34. 0 . S. Captain Arthur Phillips being appoint d governor of the intended fettlement, as well as commodore on the voyage, failed from Portfmouth, 1787, on board the Sirius frigate, accompanied by the Supply tender, three ftoreffiips, and fix tranfports, which had on board a detach- ment of marines, and 778 convicts, of which 22 Q were women. He ai-riyed at Botany Bay on the 18th of January, 1788 3 but finding this bay very ineligible, in many ref. eels, for a colon., on farther exploring the c.aft, he fixed upon Port Jackfon, about three leagues and a half N. of Cape Banks and here the fettlement was begun, to which he gave the name of •Sydney Cove. VVith'refpecl to the coun- try, a vaft chain of lofty mountains run; nearly in a N. and S. diredtion, farther than the eye can reach, about 60 miles in- land. The general face of the country is pleafmgjdiverfified With gentle rifings and finall winding vallies, covered, for theipoft part, with large fpreading trees, affording a fucceflion of leaves in all feafons. A variety of flowering fhrubs, almoft entirely new to an European, andot exquifite fra- ' grance, abound in thofe places which are free from tree> ; and, among tliefe, a tall lhr up, bearing an elegant {lower, which imeils like Engliffi May, is peculiarly de- lightful, and perfumes the air to a great diftance. The trees, according to Captain Tench and others, are of fo bad a grain, that they can fiercely be ufed for any pur- pole. l’his, however, has been aferibed, in Governor Phillips’s- voyage, to their be- ing tiled in an unfeafoned ftate. They yield vaft quantities of red gum, which was foqnd a cure for the dyfentery. It is w A L of an acrid quality, and therefore requires to be given along with opiates. The tree which yields it is of a very coniiderahle fize, and grows to a great height before it puts out any branches. The gum it- felf is ufually compared to sanguis draco - nis, but differs from it in being foluble in water, which the sanguis draeonis is not. It may be extradied from the wood by tapping, or taken out of the veins when dry. There is likewife a yellow gum, which, has the fame medicinal qualities, but in an inferior degree it is properly a refill, being entirely infoluble in water. It greatly refembles gamboge, but has not the property of ftiining, and is produced by a low, fmall plant, with long graify leaves, The Item is ftrong and light, and is ufed by the natives for making their fpears. The refin is generally dug up from the foil under the tree, not collected from it, and may perhaps be the fame which Tafman calls gum lacoj the ground. It has been tried by Dr. Blane, phyfician to St. Thomas’s Hofpital, ’in London, who found it very efficacious in the cure of old fluxes. Many of the plants of this country have been imported into Britain, and are now flourifh ng in perfection, not only in the royal botanical garden at Ivew, but in many private colled lions. Of the few efculent plants, are a kind of bean rc- fembling the coccos of the W. Indies, a fort of parftcy and purflain; two .forts of yam, the cabbage-tree, and a palm-tree, whofe nuts are very good food for hogs ; with a fpeci.es of cherry-tree, a wild fig, and another tree, whofe fruit is not unlike a pine-apple in appearance. With refpedt to the climate of this country, it appears not to be difagreca ble : the heat has never been exceffive in fummer, nor is the cold intolerable fn winter. Storms of thunder and lightning are frequent; but tiiefe are common to all warm countries. The qua- drupeds hitherto difeovered arc principally of the.opofl’um kind, of which the moft re- markable is the kanguroo. There is alfo a fpccies of dogs, very different from thofe known in Europe. They arc* extremely fierce, and cannot be brought to the fame degree of familiarity with thofe we are acquainted with. Sonic of them have been brought to England, but {fill retain their native ferocity. Tliefe dogs, which are the only domcftic animal they Jiave, refembie the fox-dog of England. In their language, tbefe an trials are called ding a ; but x all other quadrupeds', without excep- tion, they name kanguroo. 'I here arc many beautiful birds, of various kinds ; among which, the principal a i)lac£ Jlh fwau W A L swan, its wings edged with white, its bill tinged with red; aud the oftrich, or caffowary, which frequently reaches the height of feven feet, or more. Befides thefe, there are various kinds of fea and water fowl, foland geefe, pelicans of an enormous fize, gulls, fiiaggs, &c. with pigeons, quails, herons, cranes, hawks, e.igles, hats, and many other land birds. Several kinds of ferpents, both harmlefs and noxious, large fpiders, centipedes, fcolopendras, and lizards, have likewife been met with ; together with a few in- fers, the principal of which are the mof- quito and three or four fpecies of ants, iome as. green as a leaf, which build their nefts upon trees in a very lingular manner. They bend down, feveral of the leaves, each of which is as broad as a man’s hand, and glue the points of them together, fo 3 S to form a purfe; the vifeus, ufed for this purpofe, is an animal juice, which na- ture has enabled them to elaborate. Their fting is feaveely lefs painful than that of a bee. There are likewife many fifties, which are not known in Europe; and on the (hoals and reefs are incredible numbers of the fineft green turtles, gigantic cockles, lobfters, oyfters, and crabs of various kinds. Some very large (harks have been feen in Port Jackfon, and two fmaller fpecies, one named the Port Jackfon (hark, the other Watts’s {hark. The lat ter, not- withftanding its diminutive fize (the mouth fcarcely exceeding an inch in breadth) is exceflively voracious. One of them having been taken in, and flung down upon the deck, lay there quiet for two hours; after which, Mr. Watts’s dog happening to pafs by, the fifli fprung upon it with all the ferocity imaginable, and feized it by the leg in fuch a manner, that the animal could not difengage itielf without afliftance. The inhabitants of New S. Wales go entirely naked ; and though pleafed at firft with fome orna- ments that were given them, they foon threw them away as ufelefs. It does n6t appear, however, that they are infenfible of the benefits of clothing, or of fome of the conveniences of which their new neighbours are in pofieffon. Some of them, whopv the colonifls partly clothed, feemed to be pleafed with the comfortable warmth they derived from it; and they all exprefs a gveat^defire for the iron tools which they fee their neighbours make ufe of. Their colour is rather a deep choco- late than a full black ; but the filth with which their {kins are uniformly covered, prevents its true colour from appearing. { Vt topic of tbpit interviews with the co~ / W A L Ionifts, feveral droll inftances happened of their mifiaking the negroes amongft the colonifls for their own countrymen. Not- withflanding their difregard for European finery, they are fond of adorning, or ra- ther deforming their bodies with fears, which have an uncommon, or rather hide- ous appearance. Sometimes the flelh is raifed feveral inches from the (kin, and ap- pears as if filled with wind; and all thefe feem to be reckoned marks of honour among them. Some of them perforate the cartilage of the nofe, and thruft through it a bone as thick as a man’s fin- ger, and five or fix inches long. This hi- deous kind of ornament, humoroufly called by the failors their spriisail-yard, fo effediually flops up both noftrils, that they are forced to keep their mouths wide open for breath, and l'nuffle fo when they fpeak, that they are fcarcely intelligible even to one another. Their hair is gene- rally fo much clotted w r ith the red gum already mentioned, that they refem'ble a mop. They paint themfelves with vari- ous colours, and ornament themfelves w'ith heads and {hells, but make no ufe of the beautiful feathers procured from the birds of the country. Moll of the men want one of the fore teeth in the upper- jaw r , which alfo appears to be a badge of honour among them. It is very common among the women to cut off two joints of the little finger; which, confidering ! the clutnfinefs of the amputating inltru- ; ments they poffefs, tiuift be a very painful i operatipn. The New Hollanders appear i extremely deficient in 'he ufeful arts. Of the cultivation of the ground they have no notion, nor can they be prevailed upon i to eat bread or dreffed meat. Hence they depend entirely for fubfiftence on the fruits and roots they can gather, and the fifh they catch. They frequently fet fire to the grafs, in order to drive out the opofl’ums, and other animals, from their retreats; and they have been obferved to fet decoys for quails. They fometi tnes con- ^ trive to kill the kanguroo, and even birds * of various kinds. As all thefe refources, however, mult be at heft precarious, it is no wonder that they arc frequently dif- trefled for provifions. Thus, in lummer, they would cat neither the {hark nor the fling-ray; but, in winter any thing was acceptable. A young whale being driven on {hore, was quickly cut in pieces and carried off They broiled it only long enough to fcorch the outfide ; and in this *-aw flatc they eat all their fifli. They broil alfo the fern root, and another, the fpecies ©f which is unknown. They bake W A L their provifions, moreover, by the help of hot (tones, like the inhabitants of the i (lands in the Southern Ocean. Their chief fubfiftence, however, is fi(h; and when thefe happened to be fcarce, they were wont to watch the firft opportunity when the colonifts hauled the feinc, and often feized the whole, though a part had formerly been offered or given them. They fometimes ftrike the fifli from the canoes with their fpears, fometimes catch them with hooks, and alfo make ufe of nets, which are generally made of the fibres of the flax plants, with very little preparation, and are ffrong and heavy ; the lines of which they are compoied be- ing twiffed like whipcord. Some of them, however, appear to be made of the fur of an animal, and others ot cotton. I he me(hes of their nets are made of very large loops artificially infer ted into eacn other, but without any knots. 'I heir hooks are made of the infide of a (hell very much re- fembling mother-of-pearl, i heir canoes are nothing more than large pieces of bark tied up at both ends with vines ; and confidering the flight texture of thefe vef- fels, we cannot but admire the dexterity with which they are managed, and the boldnefs with which they venture out to fea in them. They generally carry fire along with them in thefe canoes, to drefs their fi(h when caught. When fiftiing with the hook, if the fi(h appears too ftrong to be drawn, affiore by the line, the canoe is paddled to the ihore ; and while one man gently draws the fiih along, ano- ther (lands ready to ftrike it with a fpear, in which he generally fucceeds. I here is no good reafon for fuppofing them to be cannibals ; and they never eat animal fub- ftances but raw, or next to it. Some of their vegetables are poifonous when raw, but deprived of this property when boiled. A convi£! unhappily experienced this by eating them in an unprepared (late; in confequence of which lie died in 24 hours. If bread be given to them, they chew and fpit it out again, fcldom chufing to fwal- low it. They like fait beef and pork ra- ther better ; ' but they could never be brought to tafte fpirits a fecond time. Their huts are formed in a very rude and barbarous manner. They confift only of pieces of bark laid out together in the form of an oven, open at one end, and very low, though long enough for a man to lie at full length. They alfo take (bel- ter in the caverns with which the rocks abound, and in the trunks of large trees, which they excavate by means of fire. The cuftom of going naked does not inure w a L them fo to the climate as to make them infenfible of the injuries ot tWe weather. The colonifts had repeated opportunities of obferving this, by feeing them (hivering with cold in the winter time, or huddling together in heaps in their huts, or in ca- verns, till a fire could be kindled to warm them. It feems probable, however, that lome knowledge of the arts will foon be introduced among them, as fome have been feen attentively confidering the uten- (ils and conveniences of the Europeans, with a view feemiiv’ly of making fimilar improvements of their own. It has alfo been obferved, that in fome things they poffefs a very great power of imitation. They can imitate the fongs and language of the Europeans almoft inftaptaneoufty, much better than the latter can imitate theirs by long practices. Their talent for imitation is difcernible alfo in their fculptures, representing men and other animals, every where met with on the rocks; which, though rude, are very fur- prifing for people who have not theknow- ledge even of conftrud'ting habitations in the lead degree comfortable for them- felves, or even clothes to preferve them from the cold. In their perfons, they are adffive, vigorous, and ftout, though gene- rally lean" They have a quick and piercing fight, and their fenfe of fmelling is very acute. One of them having touched a piece of pork, held out his finger for his companion to fmell, with ftrong marks of difguft. The only kind of food they ea- gerly accept of is fi(h. Few of the wo- men, comparatively fpeaking, have been feen; and fuch of the females as have been feen, have foft and pleafing voices ; and feem to be very chafte; and notwith- standing their barbarifm, feem not to be entirely deftitute of modefty. The men generally difplay great perfonal courage on the appearance of any danger. No en- counters between parties of the natives themfelves have been obferved, though, from fome circumftances, it appears that wars are carried on among them. They have more than once been feen aflem bled, as if bent on fome expedition. An officer, one day, met 14 of them marching along in a regular Indian file through the woods, each man having a fpear in one hand, and a ftone in the other, A chief appeared at their head, who was diftinguiihed from the reft by being painted. They parted on peaceably, though greatly fuperior in numbers to the Engl (h. On another oc- cafion, they offered no hoftili ties, when af- fembled to the number of 200 or 300, and \neeujig the governor attended only bv a 3 H 4 final J w A L W A L Iraall party. With all their courage, however, they afe much afraid of a muf- ket, and alrnoft equally fo of a red coat, which they know to he the martial drefs of the Europeans. The mifchief which they have hitherto done has been.exercifed only on fome of the ftraggling eonvidris, moftofwhom, probably, have been the aggreffors. Though they allow their beards to grow to a confiderable length, it doesjaot appear that they confider them as any ornamem, hut rather the contrary. Some young gentlemen belonging to the Sirius, one dav met an old man in the woods with a heard of confiderable length, which they let him know they could rid him of, ftroaking their chins, and thus intimating the fmoothnefs of them. At length he contented; and one of them taking a penknife from his pocket, and making the heft fubftitute for lather he could, p rformed the operation With fuch •fuccefs, that he teemed highly delighted. In a few days he paddled along ftde of the Sirius, pointing to his heard; hut he could not by any means he prevailed upon to enter the (hip. On this a barber went down to him, who again fre^d him from his heard, at which he cxprefled the utmo'ft Jatisfadlion. They certainly burn their dead; which, perhaps, has given rife to the. ftory of their , being cannibals. Go- vernor Phillips obferving the ground to he cra te; in feveral places, cauted one of thefe * ifflu i to be opened, in which were found a jaw-hon. half con fumed, and fomeafhes. Pro m the manner in which the afhes are depofited, it appears that the bodv has een laid at length, mated from the ground little fpace, and confumed in that pof- turp being afterward lightly covered with would. 'They are fo boneft among tbern- ft'lves, ihht they leave their 1 pears, and other implements cm the open beach, in perfect fecufty of their remaining un- touc ied. They arc very expert ht throw- ing tireir javelins, and will hit a mark with great certainty at a confiderable dif- tance. To produce fire, they take two pieces of dry, loft wood; one a frick about nine inches long, the other flat. The flick tney fhape into an ohtufe point at one end; and prefling it upon the other, turn it out nimbly, by holding it between lx- th their hands, as we do a cho- colate-mill ; often (hrfting their hands up, and then moving them down upon it, to ihciete the pieilure as much as poflihle By this method, they get fire in lefs than fcv;o minutes, and from the lmalleft fpark they in create it w th great fpced and dex- terity. Thefe people are more numerous 3 . . .. ... than was at firft imagined; though ftill the number of inhabitants muft be account- ed few in comparifon to the extent of the country; and there is great reafon to be- lieve that the interior parts are uninhabit- ed ; as from their great ute of fifh, it teems rtecelfary for them to live princi- pally on the coafts. The jurifdidlion of the governor of New South Wales, ex- " tends from 43. 49. to 10. 37. S. lat. From the fea-coaft it extends weftward as far as Ion. 13d. E. and thence pro- ceeding in an eafterly direction, includes all the iflands in the Pacific Ocean, within the above-mentioned latitudes. See Bo- tany Bay, Holland New, Port Jackson, and Sydney Cove. Walesby, Lincolnf. near Market Raifin. Walesby , Nott. SW. ofTuxford. Wale- ton , Cumberl. where the river Cambeck crofles the Pidts Wall, near Lanercoft. Waljicld , Chefhire, near Cohgletcn. Wal- fteet, or U'oOlJieet , a bank in Efl'ex, noted for oyfters. it is lituated at the mouth of the river Crouch, towards Foulnefs lfle. Wuljord, Gloucef. W. of Prefton-upon . Stour. IValJ'ord , Herefordf. S. of Rofs. Wolford , Heref. N. of Brompton Bryan. Watford , Shropf. W . of Albrighton. Wal - grave, Nerthamp. between Northampton and Kettering. Waigrave, Berks, in the parifti of Bray. Waigrave , Yorki. near Scarborough . Walham , or WadhaniGreen , Middlefex, between Little Chelfca and Fulham, has feveral genteel lioules. Wal- ham , Nottinghamlhire, SE. of Blitb. Walham Mead, near Gloucefter. Wal - hampton, Hants, near Lymington. Walken r ied, - a town of lvletten- burg. Upper Saxony, 44 miles NNW. of Erfurt. Walker, Northumb. on the Tyne, NE. of Ncwcallle. Walkeringhain, Nott. SE. of Miflerton. Walkern, Hertford!. E. of Stevenage, on the river Beane. Walkham , or Way comb, Somerfetf. near Wells. W alkhampton, Devonfnire, SE. of Tavi- ftock. Walkhamsted, Surrv, near God- ftone. Walkiughum, Yorkf. SW. of Bo- roughbridge. H'alkington, Yorhlhhe, near Beverley. Wall, Northumb. N. of Hexham. Wall , Staff. S. of Lichfield, has the remains of walls encompafling 2 acres of ground, called Gallic Crofts, wherein have been found two ancient pavements of Roman bricks. A tradition has prevaried here, from time immemorial, that by this field there w. s a city, hut dc-. moliihed before the conqueft ; which is judged the more probable from the te- veral Roman coins found here, anti from the plain appearance of the military way called W A L culled Watling-ftreet, from hence to Penkridge. Wall, and Marsh, Kent, near Komney. Wall Grange, Staff, on the Churnet, between Cheadle and Leek. Walland , Gloucefterlhire, near Rrifrol. Walborough , Hants, qpar VV. Wood hay. W al l e nbu RC, a town of Bade, Svvif- ferland, 15 miles NNE. ol Soleure- Wallendon, Devonshire, near Meth. _ Wallenstadt, a town of Swifl'e** larfd, incorporated into the bailiwick of Sargans, but enjoying many diftindi pri- vileges. it derives its importance from the pallage of the merchandife tranfport- ed from Germany, through the Grifons, to Italy. It is feated at the E end of a lake of the fame name, 15 miles N Vv . of Coira. Wallenstadt, a lake of Swiffer* land, about 9 miles in length, and two in breadth. It is bounded by high moun- tains, except to the V. and W. the fcenery of which is uncommonly wild and pidlu- refque. On the fide of the canton of Gla- . rus, the mountains winch form its borders are cultivated; enriched with wood or fine meadows; and fiudded with churches, cottages, and fmall villages; the Alps of Glarus rifing behind, the r tops covered with fnow. On the other fide, for the mod part, the rocks are grotefque, craggy, inacceffible, and perpendicular ; but here and there a few cultivated necks of land are formed at the edge of the lake, and at the bottom of thefe. rocks, exhibiting a beautiful contraft to the barrennefs above and round them, dumber lefs waterfalls, occafioned by the melting of the. fnows, fall down the fides of the mountains from a confiderable height, and with an almoft inconceivable variety. This lake is ex- ceedingly clear, deep, anci cold. IV alien scot, Chefhire, near Vale Royal. Walley, Nottinghamfhire, near Molbeck Woodhoufe. lValliborn , Shropfhire, NE. of Minfrerley. •Wallingford, a town inBerkfhire, feated on the Thames, over which is a ffately ftone bridge, above 300 yards long, with 19 arches and 4 draw bridges. The principal trade is making of malt. It is a place of antiquity, having been fur- rounded by a wall a mile and a half in circumference, it made a good figure in the times of the Danes and Saxons, and had a flrong caitle, now demolilhed, which was often befieged in the barons wars. It has a free fchool,and a handfome market- houfe, in which the magiftrates' keep the felGons; and is 14 miles NNW . of Read- ing, and 46 W. of London. Markets on Tuefday and Friday. w A L Wallin gton, Herts, a mile NE. of Bi- grave. Wallin gton, Norfolk, near Down- ham. W aldington, Northumberland, E. of Kirk Whelpington. Wallington, Surry, in Carfhalton pifith. Walliugwells , Not- tinghamfhire, NVV. of Worklop. \V a I. L ki L L , a ri ver o f N. A m erica , in. New York. See Drowned Lands. Walloons, a name formerly given to the inhabitants of a confiderable part of the Netherlands. . Wallop, Upper , Middle , and 'Lower, Hants, on the river Wallop, near Stock- bridge. Walfcp, Upper and Lower , Shropfhire, near Caufe. Caftle. Walla - point, Devonfhire^ NE. of Kingfbridge. Wallot, or Wallesea Isle, Ef- fex, in the river Crouch, W. of Foulnefs Ille. The water here is brackifh ; ou which account the inhabitants fetch what they ufe from the other fide of the creek. • It is 5 miles long and 1 broad, and is fecured from the fea by a wall of earth. Wall- End, Northumberl. 3 miles from New caitle- upon- Tyne. Wall-Town , Nor- thumb. near Thirlewall Caflle, near the Pidts-Wall,- which, a little to the W. of it, if in the great ell perfection r it is 3 yards high, and has 16 regular courfes., and at one part are 16 of the facing flones entire. Wall-Town, Northumberl. on the Pi 61s Wall, N. of Ovinghani. W aimer, Kent, S. of Deal, feparated from its coaft by a narrow channel. W aimer, Gloucef. in Wcfrbury parifh Walmeslm, Lanca- fhire, NW. of Bury. W a L ivJ i r st a d T, a town o f Magde- burg, Lower Saxony, fituated on the Ohra, 10 miles N. of Magdeburg. Walney, an ifland bn the N. part of Lancafhire. it is 9 miles in length, but hardly 1 in breadth; abounds with fea- gulls, and ferves as a bulwark to the hun- dred of Furnefs, againft the waves of the Irifh fea. it has 2 or 3 fmall villages and a chapel. VValpo, a town at?d county of Scla- vonia, on the rivar Walpo, 20 miLes NNW, ofEfleck. Walpole, Suffolk, near the river Blithe, S. of rlaiefworth. Walpole , St. Andrew's and St. Peter s, Norfolk, in the marfh- land between the Oufe and the Nynu Walsall, a town of Staftordlhire, v/ith manufadtories of nails, bridle- bits, fti rrups, fpurs, bellows, &c. A canal has been lately cut from hence to the collieries at Bradley, it is 15 miles S. of Stafford, andlloNW. of London. Market on Tuefday. Walsham in Hue Willows, Suffolk, be- tv/eee Buddefdale and Wulpit. Walsham, W A L W alsiiam, North, a handfojne town in Norfolk, with a plentiful market on - Thurfday. It is 10 miles N. of Norwich, and 123 NNE. of London. South Wal- fham is much nearer to’Norwich, and NE. of it. Walshcrcft, Lincoln!!) ire, trives name to a hundred N. of Market-Raifin. Walshstown , in Cork, Muufter. Walsingham, a town in Norfolk, famous formerly for a monaftery, which had a fhrine of the Virgin Mary, aim oft as much frequented as Thomas a Becket’s, at Canterbury. Erafmus, who viftted it in his time, defcribes the chapel as “ bright and (hining all over, by the reile&ion of the tapers on heaps of jewels, gold, and lilver.” It is 25 miles NW. of Norwich, and 116 NNE. of London. Old Wai- ftn gham lies to the NE. of it. Market on Friday. W u.lsoken, or Popenhoe, Norfolk, in the marfti-land, SW. of the Walpoles. Wals- wofth, Cants, NE. of Fareham. Wals- worth, Herts,’ NE. of Hitchin. W alte k z ijch, a town of Wirte’m- burg, Stiabia, 8 miles S. of Stufcgartt. IP ulterslon, Dorfedhire, neauPiddleton. W alter st. on, Heref. NE. of Trewin. Wal- tham, Kent, 3 miles E. of Wye. Wal- tham, Kent, near Hinkfcll. Waltham , Lincolnffnre, S. ofGrimfby. ^ alth am- Abbey, a town of Effex, with manufactures of printed linens, pins, and gu'- powder. It is feated oh the river Lea, which here forms lev oral iflands, 12 miles N. by E. of London. Market on Thurfday. •Waltham, or Bishop’s Wal- tham, a An 11 town of Hampfhirc, 8 miles S. of Winchefter, and 65 SW. of London. Market 'on I'rulty. Walt h a m-o n -the- W o u l d, a town in Le ceftenhire, with a fmall market on Thurfday. It is 16 miles NNE. of Eei- celrer, and 113 N. by W. of London. Waltham, Marita and Parva , Ehex, NW. of Chelmsford. Waltham, North , ffampfhire, SE. of Overton. WVaLTH a M , W E S T, or W A L T H A M - Cross, a town, partly in Middleiex and partly i n Hertfordftsire, ieparated by the river Lea from Waltham- Abbey. A fmall market on Tuefday. Waltham , White, Berks, 3 miles from Maidenhead. Walthamstow, EfTex, on the river Lea, contiguous to Layton, and 5 Hides NE. by E. of London. U alton, a town of Virginia, 60 miles SW. of Richmond. W alien, a village in S ( urry, feated on -the Eh.im s, over which it has a hand- w A L fotw bridge. 8 miles VV. of Kingfton Walton , Buc ks, near Beaconsfield. Walton Camb. NW. of Royfton. Walton, Cumb. near Stapleton and Bewcaftle. Walton Derby A near Alfreton. Walton, Derby! W. of. Chefterfielcb Walton, N. of Dor- chefter. Walton, Fffex, under Naze Point. S ; of Harwich, is one of the 3 Sokens! Great numbers of copperas ftones are found on the fhore; and here are feveral copperas houfes, where it is made. Wal- ton, Gloucef. near Tewkefbury, where is a mineral water of the fame property as Cheltenham Spa. Walton, Gloucefterf. m Deerhurft parifh. Walton, Flerts, NE. of Datchworth. Walton, Huntingd. near the Saltreys. Walton, Lane, on the Der- went, a mile from Prefton. Walton, Lan- caf. near Weft Derby. Walton, Leicef- * ei y *' car A'C Swift, E. ol Lutterworth. h '' ^ Tthanv,;. NW. of Peterbo- rough. IPalton, Shropf. N. ofChirbury. Walton , NE. of Shrewfbury. Walton,. Sliropf. near Bridgenorth. Walton, So- merf. near the Briftol Channel, between Portfhead and Clevendon. Walton, So- ' merfetlhire, SW. of Glaftonbury. Walton, Staff, near Bafvvick. Walton, Staff, near Story*, has a bridge over the Trent. W ate' ton. Staff, near Chebfey. Walton, Suf- folk, on the Orwell, SE. oflpfwich, has the ruins of a priory, once a cell to the monks at Rochefter. ?t has the remains of a caftle, the foundation of which is 187 ! feet long and 3 feet . thick, where great j numbers of Roman bricks are found. Its ancient market has been long diiufed, hut l the crol's ftdl remains. Walton , Yorkf. • near Wetherby. Walton Cardiffe, Clou- ’ cef. a mile SE. of Tewkefbury. Walton - D' Eyemlle, Warw. near Wellefburn. W aiton E. and Walton Prior's, or W. Nor- folk, N. of the marfh-land. Walton, Grange, '‘StAti. SW. of Gnoftalk Walton - Hall, Dec by f. E. of Which nor. Walton- Head, Yorkf. W. Riding, near Kirby- Overblow. Walton- Hill, and Place , Sur- ry, E. of Leatherhead Downs. Waion- Lee, Surry, near Chertfey. Walton, Man - duit, Warwick!. N. of Vv akon-D’Eye- vdle. Walton, Nether ’and Upper, Che- flure, on the Merfev, near W arrington. Walt on- on- the- Would, Leicefterfhire, near Loughborough.' Walxrarn , a river in Chethire, which runs into' the Eec, above Co pen hall. Walwick, Chesters, Northum- berl. near the Grange, on the banks ©f the Tyne. Here was formerly a Roman ftation, the vallum of which forms an ob- long (quarry in length about 170 paces, and in width 130- Within this fpace are crowded the ruins of ilonc building.-, 4 which W A N W A N ■liich appear to have flood in lineal eli- sions, forming ftreets. On the fouth, dthout the vallum and forte, many rums buildings appear. Wakmck Grange, Iforthumb. SE. of Simondfburn, on the nas.Wall, where have been found a ito- uan altar and infcriptions. Here the va ll is in tolerably good prefervation, nd the orofpea filled with the moll tgreeable Vubje&s. Walworth, Surry, be- ween Newington Butts, (in the panlh ,f which it is) and Camberwell. It is dreadya confiderable village, and is very •apidly increafing in buildings. Wal- worth, Durham, near Heighington. Warn- bridge, Shroplhire, NE. of \\ elhngton 'Vambrook. Dorfetf. 2 miles N. of Chard- ifock. Wamden and its Heathy Bucks, between Woburn and Newport Fagnel. Wammingore, Suflex, NW. of Lewes. Warn pul, a river in Cumberland, which runs into the Eden mouth below kirk- bride. Wampul , Cumb. in Aketon pa- rilh Wanison, Northumb. on the lyne, W. of Tin mouth Cattle. Wamborough , Surry, between Guilford and Alderfhot. Wamborough, Wilts, 2 miles E. of Swin- don. Wandle , a river of Surry, which rifes near Carlhalton, and falls into the Thames at Wandfworth. Wandlesbury , Camb. near Gogmagog Hills. Wands- worth , a large village of Surry, heated on the river Wandle, near its confluence with the Thames. The art of dying cloth has been pradVifed at this place for more than a century ; and there are (fill two dyers here, one for fcarlet. There are alfo fe- veral manufadtories ; namely, for bolting cloth, the printing of calicoes and kerly- meres, and the whitening and preffing of fluffs. Here are.likewife oil, iron, and white-lead mills, vinegar works, and ex- tcnfive diftilleries. It is 5 miles SW by W. of Lomlon. Wangjord, Yorkf. E. of Bainton Would. Wangay , Eflex, near Barking. W an gen, a free town of Suabia, trading in paper and hardware. Wangen, a town in the department of Lower Rhine, 12 miles W. of Strafburg. Wangjord, Suffolk, on the river W ang, NW. of Sonthwold. Wanlip , Leiccf. on the river Soar, S. of Mountlorrel. W an - lockhead, a village in the N. part of Dum- frisfhire, fituated near the lead mines, with a confiderable number of fmelting- houfes. Wansbeck, a river in Northumb. Wansdike, or Woden's Dyke, a ditch that runs from near Bath, over the Downs, to Great Bedwin; and from E. to \\ • over Salifbury Plain, for many miles together ; call up as a boundary* by the W . Saxons* ao-ainft the incurfions of the Britons. It isa ffrong earthen rampart, with a broad ditch on the S. fide. WaNSFORTH, or WALNESFORO- Br IG cs, oppofite to Stibbinton in Hun- tingdonfhire. It has a fine bridge oyer the Nen, and a fine wharf on its banks. Few of our inland readers are, perhaps, unacquainted with the ftory of a man who was carried down the ftream at this place, by the fudden rife of the river, as heflept upon a haycock} yet the editor has never met with one who could in- form him of the name of the hero of the tale. This, he finds, was no other than the famous Barnaby Harrington, better known by the title of Drunken Bamab^y who has given us an account of the ad- venture, in one part of his entertaining journey. As the book is feldoni to be met with, we (hall tranferibe his own ac- count of the accident, for the gratifica- tion of fome of our more curious readers: Veni Wansforth- Briggs, immanem. Vide amnem, alnuni, anum ; Amtiem latum, anum lautam, Comptam, cultarn, caflam, cautam} Portas, hortos fpeciofos, Portus, faltus fpaciofos. Inde prato per-amseni, Dormiens temulente fteni ; Rivers furgit & me capit, Et in flumen alte rapit ; Quorfum? clamant; Nupererro, A Wansforth-Briggs in Anglo- terra. Thence to Wansforth-Briggs — a river And a wife, will live for ever; River broad, an old wife jolly. Com By, feemly, free from folly; Gates and gardens neatly fpecious. Ports and parks and paftures fpacious. On a hay- cock fleeping fouudly. The river rofe, and took me roundly Down the current ; people cried ; Sleeping, down the ftream 1 hied; Where away, quoth they , from Green w land ? No ; from Wansforth-Briggs , in Eng - land. Barnabas Ttinerarium, Part HI. This adventurer flouvifhed in the be- ginning of the 17th century. Wansley , Nott. NE. of Codnor Caftle, in Derbyshire. Wansley, Dorfett. a mile and a half NW. of Beminfter. Wansted , Effex, on the Ikirts of Epping-Forett, 6 miles NE. of London. Wansted , Hants, NE. of Titchfield. Wanstraw , Somer- fetlhire, 5 miles S. of Frome. W ans- wcllf Gloucefferfliire, between Berkley and Sli inbridge. * \\ ANT AGE, W A R * Wantage, a town of Berklhire, feated on a branch of the river Ock, 12 rmles S. by W. of Oxford, and 60 W. of London. Market on Saturday. PVantesdon , , Suffolk, S. of Tunftall. Wantsum , an arm of the river Stour, in Kent. IVapenbury , Warw. SW. of Dutu inore Heath. Wapingthor , Suflex, NW, of Stening. Wapley , Gloucef. .3 miles SW. of Chipping Sodbury,. fTapley, i orkf. between Gi (borough and Moui- grave Caltle. Wappenham, Northamp- ton (hi re, near Toweefter. Waps burn, Suftex,' near Retelling. Wax a din Gros, a town, capital of a cou ty of Hungary, GO miles N. of Temeivar. Waradin. See Petervvaradin. Warangole, (the Arankill of Ee- rifhta) a tovvn of Golconda, formerly the cap. tab The fite of it is ftill evident from the old ramparts, which are amaz- ingly extenfive. A modern fortrefs is conftrudted within it. It is 45 miles inNr. of Hydrabad. Warberg, a fea- port of Sweden, in Holland, with a fa fe harbour, on the iN. lea, but only deep enough for fmall veHels. A very ancient caltle Hands at the harbour’s mouth, on a rock, fur- rounded with water. It has a confidera- ble trade, and is 34 miles S. of Gotten- burg. iVarbleion , Suflex, 6 miles N. of Arun- del.^ Pt' arbuess, Elfex, near Harwich. Warborg, a town of Paderborn, in Weftphatia, formerly imperial, and one of tire Hanfe r l owns. It contains two churches, two convents, and two caftles, ami is 16 miles SSE. of Paderborn. IVarborn, Hants, in the New Forclt. IV arborow, Oxf. neat Dorchefter. War- boys, with its Wood and Fin, Huntingd. between Ramfey and Somertham. War- brick, Lancaf. in Amoundernefs. War. burton, Chdhire, on the Merfey, W. of A I trin giiam. JVarcop, Weftmori. on the Eden, near the Roman Maiden Way, SE. of Appleby. Ward, Hants, SW. of Rum- iey. PVardal, Cumberland, in Seabra- bam parilh, between Egremont and Am- jblefide. Warde, a decayed town of Jutland, 16 miles NNW. of Ripen, feated near the mouth of a river of the fame name, which is no longer navigable lor fhips of burden. Wardein Gros, a town of Hun- gary, fituated on the river Koros, 66 miles N. of Temefvar. Near it is an ex- cellent cold bath. Warden, Etdlordfture, near Soutbill. W A R It had once a Ciftertian monaftery, which with a very little alteration, is now % farin-houle, with grounds of about 120 acres. Warden , Kent, in Sheppey Ifle, 5 miles and a half N. of Eeverfham. Warden burg, a town of Olden- burg, in Weftphatia. ' Wardendale , or Stnnehill, Kent, in Wil mington parifh. Warder , or PVardour- Castle , Wilts, a magnificent Gothic ftruc- ture, 2 miles NE. of Shaftlbury, about 1000 yards from the road. The entrance to it is wild and p'.dRrefque. About a mile from it, a new.manfion, on a moft mag- nificent plan, Handing beautifully under a woody hill, with a large piece of water before it, has been many years in erect- jng. Wardale , .Cumberland, in the pa- rdh of Plum land, and near the beacon of Moothay, Watch and ward were kept here in former times, to guard again ft the inroads of the Scots. Wardhuys, a fea- port of Dan ilk Lapland, feated on the iftand of Ward-' hoe, near the continent, it has an old fort, where the governor reftdes, and a ftrea of cottages, inhabited by fifnermcn. It is 100 miles S§E. of the North Cape. Lat. 70^23. N. Warding ion, Oxfordf. NE. of Banbury. Wardley, Rutlandftmv, W. of Upping- ham. IVardb.y , Yorkf. SW. of Halifax. PVdrdon ov Piardrew, Northumb. on the river Irtimig, NW. of Thirlwall-Caftle. it lias a famous fpa, tne waters of which have been analyzed, and their virtues afeer- tained, with conveqiencies for a few vifi- tors. i he lituation is retired, but not romantic, having few objedis, either to elevate or entertain. * W are, i town in Hertfordfhire, feat- ed on the river Lea, by which ,5000 quar- ters of malt and corn are frequently lent in a week to London, by barges, which return with coals, 21 miles N. of London. In the year 1408, this town was deftroyed by a great inundation ; and ftuices and wears being made in the river to prelerve it from future floods, Camden iuppoles that it hence derived its name, it lias been of increafing note, ever ftnee the reign of king John, when the high road to the N. was laid through it, Market on Puefday. Ware, Devonfiiice, near Biddiford. Ware, Upper and Lower, Somerletihire, SVv . of Axbridge. YV a RE BRIDGE, WaaDBRIDGE, Or Wadebridge, a town in Cornwall, chiefly noted for its bridge over the river Camel, which is much the largeft in the country, having about 20 arches, fome of W A R 5f which arc built upon wool-packs, be- :aufe of the quickfands. It is 5 miles NNW. of Bodmin, and 242 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Wareham, a very ancient town of Dorfetlhire, once Britilli, built verv regu- lar, and forming’ almoft a long fquare. The ftreets generally interfecl each other at right angles, efpecially the 4 principal ' ones, which take their names from the (cardinal points, it was formerly a large place, with 8-churches, which arc now re- duced to 3, as its once-noted harbour is choaked up. Brithric, the lad king of the W. Saxons, was interred here. The jin habitants, who are about 1.100, trade in tobacco-pipe clay, dockings, iron, and coals. It contains, within the walls, about 230 houfes, and is fituated on a riling ground, in a healthy air, near the mouth of the Fro ipe, where it empires it- felf into Pool Harbour, 9 miles \\ S\V. of Poole, and 114 \\ . by S. of London. Market on Saturday. IVarehorn , Kent, 5 miles and a half S. of Afhford. Wareley , Devon!, between Taviflock and Plymouth. Wareley -Hall, Wo reef. NE. of Hales Ow r cn, in Shropf. Warelow, Derby f. in the High Peak, near Tidefwal. Waresley Park, Huntipgdonf. near Granfden. Wareton , Nottinghamf. on the river Snite, S. of Bingham. War- field, E. and W. Berks, between Sunning- hill and Biliingbear. Wargrave , Berks, 2 miles S. of Henley. It has a ferry over the Thames, and had formerly a market. Wareham , All Saints, and Migdalen, Norfolk, near Wells. Wareham- Bridge, Yorkfhirf?, on the river A Wire, 5 miles from Stockton. Warham-Mary , Norf. near Lynn-: Waring, a town of Virginia, 15 miles ESE. of Port Royal. Waring' s Ford, in Down, UiOer, on a branch of the river Lagan. Waring' s Point, in Down, Elder, about a mile NVV. of Roftrevor. It is the entrance into the river Ncwry, or Narrow- Water, where coals that come down the canal are fhipped off. Two ferry-boats here main- tain a communication between this coun- ty and that of Louth $ and near it a falt- work has been eredfed. Waringstown, a town of Down, in Leinfter, where the linen manufadhire is Carried cn to great advantage. Warka, a town of Mafovia, 10 miles S. of Czerflc. Work, or Work-Castle , Nortlmmb. by the Tweed, near Simonlbum. A final! part of the ruins yet remain, which form tv a R a rude pillar. Green Head, or High Green Colliery, is in this manor. Wark- feigh , Devoid. SW. of South Moulton. Warkton, Northamp. NE. of Kettering. W arkworth, Northamptonlhire, near Ban- bury. Warkworth, a borough town of Northumberland, feated on the river Co- quet, with a very considerable falmon- fiflierv, near a quarry of much efteeined done, and about 3 quarters of a mile from the fea, 5 miles SE. of Alnwick. The great tower of its old cadlc is a fine piece of architedfure, and has mod extend ve and diverfified views. Wargleton , Cornwall, E. of Bodmin. Warley, Yorkf. 3 miles W. of Halifax. War ley. Great and Little, Ellex, near Burnt wood. Warley Wigcrn, Worcef. in Hales Owen parifh, lurrounded by Staffordihire, between Birmingham and Dudley. War ling ham, Surry, 5 miles S% of Croydon. Warmedort , NE. ©f Wor- ceder. , Warmeland. See Wermeland. Warmjield , Yorkf. NE. of Wakefield. Warmingcarnp, Suffex, between Ang- mering and Burpham. W armineham, Chelhire, on the Wheedle, S. of Middle* wich. Warming field, Surry, W. of Aw fold, on the borders of Suffex. Warming - hurst, Suffex, N. of Walhington. Warm - ington, Northamp. NE. of Oundle, near the -river Nen. Warmington , Warwickf. a mile NE. of Edgehill. * Warminster, a populous town in Wiltfhire, with a pretty large trade in corn, malt, and cheefe, and a manufac- turgofwool, and cloth, fo that it is be- come of more coniequence than mod of the borough, towns in this countv, al- though it fends no members to parlia- ment. It has fome good inns, and is feated on the river Deveril, 22 miles NNW. of Salifbury, and 97 W. by S. of London. A good corn market on Sa- turday. Fairs on April 11th, Augud 10th, and September 12th. Warmley, Warwickshire, near Sutton- Colfield. Warmsandale , Derbylhire, in the High-Peak. W armsworlh, Yorkf. near Doncafter. W arrmeell, Dorfetfhire, SE. of Dorcheder, near \Y infrith. Warne , a river of Northumberland, which runs into the German. Ocean, about 4 miles S. from Holy Ifland. Warnborough, N. and S. Ilampfhire, SE. of Balingltoke. Warned, *C u l n befl a nd, between ireby and Inglewood-f ored. Warnemunde, a town of Mecklen- burg, in Lower Saxony. It is fituated at W A It at the mouth of the river W arne, where veilels hound to Roftock pay a toll, which formerly amounted to 80,000 rix- dollars, now to about 6000, 9 miles N. of Ro- ftock. W arneton, a town of Flanders, fitu- ated on the Lyfs, 6 miles S. of Ypres. It was ceded, with its territory, in 1715, to the States General, as a barrier town. Warnford , Hants, NE. of Bifhop’s- Waltham. Warnford, Nortbumb. W. of Sunderland. Warn goch- Chapel, Monm. NE. of Abergavenny. Warnham , Sufl'ex, NW. ofHorlham. Warnitz, a town of Beffiarabia, near Bender. W arpstow , Corn . near T reneglos. War- ren, a river in Shropf. which runs into the Onney, a little below Hardwick. War- ren, Somerf. near Langport. Warren , Somerf. between Bifhop’s Chew and Chedder. Warren, a town of N. America, in Rhode Ifj.and. W arrensiown, in Meath, Leinfter. Warren loti , NE. of Worcefter. War- rington, Bucks, in Oulney parith. War- rington, Cornwall, near Launcefton. *W arrington, a la rgc, ii eat, popu- lous and rich, though ancient built town of Lancafhire, with large manufactories of fail-cloth, lacking, huckabacks, pins, &c. Glafs-houfes and copper fmelting furnaces arelikcwife eftablifhed here ; and th£ cot- ton trade is now gaining ground. Large quantities of potatoes are annually export- ed. It is feated on the Merfey, over which it has a fine ftone bridge, the lafl on this river, leading into Chefhire, on the great road from London to Carlifle, 18 miles E. of Liverpool, and 183 NNW. of London. A . confiderable market on W • dncfdav for fiefh, corn, cattle, potatoes, and all forts of fifh. Alfo a particular market once a week for huckabacks. Vv arsaw, a large city of Poland, the capital of that country, and of the pro- vince of Mafovia. It is furrounded by a moat and double wall, and confifts of the Old and New 'Town ; and two fuburbs, Kraka and Praga. The general diets, •provincial aflembly, and court of judica- ture, were held here. This city and its fuburbs occupy a vaft extent of ground, and arc fuppofed to contain between 60 and 70,000 inhabitants, among whom are a great number of foreigners. Pile whole has a melancholy appearance, exhibiting the ftrong contrail of wealth and poverty, luxury and diflrefs, which pervades every part of this unhappy country. The ftrects arc ipacicus, but ill paved ; the churches W A R and public buildings are large and magni- ficent j the palaces of the nobility are nu- merous and fplendid; but the greateft part of the houfes, particularly in the fuburbs, are mean and ; il.l-conftru61ed wooden hovels. In its lafl; fiegc by the Ruffians, in 1794, it is computed that 30,000 Poles perifhed either by the fword, or in the flames ; the fuburb of Praga having been fet on fire, and nearly the whole of it re- duced to nlhes by the mercilefs Ruffians, ten hours after all refiftance had ceafed. It is now fubjedl to Pruffia, and is fituated on the Viftula, which is about as broad here as the Thames at Weftminfter, but very lhallow in ftimmer. Lat. 52. 14. N. Ion. 21. 6. E. Warsbrough , Yorkf. W. Riding, a mile from Stainborough. Warsdale , Cumb. N. of EIkdale. War slow, Stafford!', be- tween Sheen and Butterton. War sop, Not.tingh. between Workfop and Manf- field. Wart a, a town of Poland, in the pa- latinate of Siradia, fituated on a river of , the fame name, which runs into the Oder.' Alfo a town ofNeille, in Silefia. Wartenburg, a town of Ermeland, J in Pruffia’; a town in the archduchy of Auftria ; a town and lordlhip, furrounded by the principality of Oels, in Silefia; a caftle and imperial county, the lands of j which lie in detached parts in the circle of Upper Rhine ; the caflle is 6 miles NE. of Lautern ; a town of Boleflaw, in Bohe- < mia; and a town of Bavaria, fituated on j the Strong, 24 miles NE. of Munich. Warier Priory, Y o rklh ire, NE. of Pock- lington. Warthel, NE. of York. W art- ley -Hall, Statfbrdffiire, near Birmingham. , Wartling, Sufl'ex, near Hurlt Monceaux. Wartnaby, Lcicefterlhire, SE. of Dalby on the Would. Warton , near the Weever, SE. of Chefler. Warton, Cumberl. N. of Ireby. Warton, Iieref. near Leominfter. Warton, Lancaf. in Kirkham parilh, near the mouth of the Ribble, on a lake called Ware, and at the Inot of a hill called Warton Cragg. Though obl'cure, it is an agreeable little town, with a neat church, and a good grammar fchool and library. Warton , Lancaf. near the influx of the Decker, into the Ken fands. War- ton, Lincolnshire, NE. of Gainlborough. Warton, Northumb. W. of Rothbury. War ten, Yorkf. near Wilton and Yorkf- would. Wartrew , Lancalhire, near Li- verpool. Warwick, Cumberland, NE. of Carlifle, and a little N. of Wetherall. It has a flone bridge over the Eden. ^Warwick, called by the Britons Caer Guar vie, and Caer Leon, a fine, W A R ine, large, neat and ancient town of War- vickfliire, the capital of the county. Here s a caftle, formerly the leat of the earls of (Warwick, which ftands on a rock, 40 leet ligher than the river, but even with the ;own on the N. fide. From its terrace, :here is a profpedt of a beautiful country ; jeyond the Avon, confuting of rich mea- dows, tali groves, fpacious parks, &c. Warwick has, at prefent, only 2 parifli [churches, though it formerly had 6, and i is many monafreries. The houfes are in [general well built, and the flreets, which are fpacious and regular, all meet in the (centre of the town. At each end of the i principal one is an ancient gate. It is i adorned with a good free-fchool and a Itown-houfe of free-ftone, fupported by pillars, in which the affizes and quarter jleffions are held; has a good trade in malt, and is fituated updn a rocky eminence, near the river Avon, with a defcent from it every way, which always keeps it clean, ,! 10 miles SSW. of Coventry, and 93 t NNW. of London. Within a mile of it, on the Avon, is Guy’s, or as fome call it, I Gibb’s Cliff, (a pretty retired cell, among groves and fprings) where Guy Earl of Warwick, of fabulous, or at leaf! obfcure i hiftory, is faid to have lived a hermit, af- | ter his military exploits abroad. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. I Warwick, a town of Virginia, 6 miles S. of Richmond: another town of Virginia, 65 miles ESE. of Richmond; 1 and a town in Rhode Ifland, 7 miles S. of | Providence. Warwickshire, a county of Eng- land, bounded at its northern extremity by a point of Derby fhire, on the NVv . by Staft'ordfhire, on the 1NE. by Leicefter- Ihire, on the W. by Worceflerfhire, on the E. by Northamptonfhire, and on the S. by Gloucefterfhire and Oxfordfhire. Its extent from N. to S. is about 47 miles, and about 35 from E. to W. where wideft. It is thp molt central county in the king- dom, and fo mew hat of an oval form, is divided Into 4 hundreds and 1 liherty.and contains 1 city, 13 market towns, 158 pa- rities, 380 villages, about 24,000 houfes, and 1 80,000 inhabitants. The air is' mild, pleafant, and healthy, and the more fo, lince the woodlands have been thinned by the great confumption of wood in the iron works; the woodlands being now con- vprtcd to tillage and palture. The north- ern part of the county, called the Wood- lands, is divided from the S. call'd the Feldon, by the river Avon; but the foil of both “is rich. This county produces corn, malt, wood, wool, cheefe, coal, and W A S lime-tone. Mr. Wedge, in his view of the agriculture of this county, efti mates the whole at 618,060 acres, of which only about 154,530 are conftantly under a fuc- ceflive round of tillage or grafs-feeds. The remaining 463,470 acres he fuppofes to confift of gardens, about 4000 acres; of meadows, 82,000 acres; of pafture and feeding land, 150,000 acres; of woods, canals, rivers, &c. 50,000 acres; of open field laml, 57,000 acres; and of wafie- lands and roads, 120,470 acres. The principal rivers are the Avon, Tame, and Arrow. The canals that pafs through this county are, one from the W ednefbury and Dudley coal and lime works, to Bir- mingham, and from thence to Fazeley and Fradiey Heath, to join the Stafford (hue Grand Tnlnk, extending from Fazeley to Atherftone, Bed worth, and Coventry ; one reaching from that at Longford to Braunfton and Oxford ; one from Bir- mingham to Worcefter ; one branching out of the Worcefter, one way to Dud- ley, &c. and the other to Stratford-upon- Avon; and one from Birmingham to Warwick. Warwick is the county town. Was a, a fea port town of Sweden, in Finland, fituated on the E. coaft of the Gulf of Bothnia, 150 miles N. of Abo. JVasdale , Yorkf. near Kirby in Cleve- land. IVasdalti, Cumberland, at the foot of Copland Fells, 2 miles N . of Efkdale. IFash , a river in Rutland, which runs into the Welland, above Stamford. W ash-a-cu m-mow, or ClearWa- ter Lake, in N. America, in lat. 56 N. and Ion. 108. 20. W. it is about 30 miles in length, and from 5 to 10 in breadth'. VSashborn, Great , Gloucefterf. 7 miles NNE. of Tewkelbury. JVasJibrook , a river in Yorkfnire, which runs into the Wharfe, near Otley. li'askbrouk, Glou- cef. a hamlet in the parifh of Wi niton* W ashbrook, Suffolk, 3 miles W. of Ipf- wich. IVashenburg , near Lincoln, S. of the Witham. Washes, a large but {hallow eftunry, of Licolnfhire and Norfolk, winch is un- dcr water when the tide is in, and paflable by travellers when the tide is out, though not without fome danger, to itrangers who are unacquainted with the quick- fanus. King John loft his baggage here in going to Lincolnfhire. Particular parts of this inlet, which runs into the land, have particular names, fuch as I'ofs dyke W afh, below Spalding; Crofs-Key s Wafh, below Wifbeach, at the mouth of the Nen, &c. this laft is the immediate boundary between the two counties. IVashfield, W A S Wash field, Devofifhire, near Tiverton. If'asljorcl, Devonf. in V/em worthy parifb, on a brook that runs into the Taw' Wash- Jord, ^ orkf. E. of Knarefborough, on the lame river. It ashing/ey, Hunlingdonf. near Stilton. -Washington , Derby (hire, in Scarf dale, W. of A 1 fret on. IV ashing, ton , Durham, on the Wear, W. of Sun- derland, and, 8 miles N. of Durham. Washington, Suite::, NW. of Stening. Washington, the name of ieveral count es in the United States of N. Arne- rica j namely, in Rhode Ifland j in New York, of which Salem is the capital; in the SW. corner of Pennfylvania, its capi- tal of the fame name, 20 miles SSW. of Pithburg, is confiderable for a variety of manufactures ; in Maryland: in Virginia; in N Carolina; in S.' Carolina; in the diftridf of Charlefton ; and in Georgia, the capital of which is Goiplimton ; alfo s town in Kentucky, fituated on the Ohio, 66 miles ENE. of Frankfort. Washington, a town of N. Carolina, formerly called Bath ; it is feated on the N. fide of the river Tar, with a good har- bour, 20 miles NW. of Newborn. Washington, a town of N. Ame- rica, in Georgia, and county of Wilkes. Near it is a medicipal fpring, which rifes from a hollow tree, the infide of which is covered with a coat of nitre, an inch thick ; and the leaves around the fpring are in- crufted with a fubllance as white as fnow. i he waters have been found beneficial in rheumatic cafes, and are faid to.be fo in all di folders ar ling from humours in the blood, it is IS miles SW. of Peterf- ourgh. Washington, a city of N. America, now building for the metropolis of the United States. It is feated at the junc- tion of the rivers Potamac and the Eaftern Branch* extending about 4 miles up each, including a traci of territory fcarcely to be exceeded, in point of convenience, fa- lubrity, and beauty, by any in the world. This territory, which is called Columbia, lies partly in the date of Virginia, and partly in that of Maryland, and was ceded by thofe two ftates to the United States of America, and by them eftablilbed to be the feat of government, after the year 1S00. Thep! an combines not only con- venience, regularity, elegance of profpeef, and a free circulation of air, but every thing grand and beautiful that can be in- troduced into a city. It is divided into ftjuares or grand divifions, by fireets run- mngdue N. and S. and E. and VV. which form the ground work of the plan. How- ever, from the capitol, the picfi.lcnt’s W A S houfe, and feme of the important areas In tee city, run diagonal ftreets, from one material objedt to another, which not on- ly produce a variety of fine profpedfs, but re mo ye the infipid famenefs which renders feme other great cities, unpleafing. They were deyifed to ccnncdl the feparate and molt d if ra n t objedls with the principal, and to preferve through the whole a reci- procity of fight. Tbefe great leading ftreets are all 160 feet wide, including a pavement of 10 feet, and a gravel walk of 30 feet planted with trees on each fide, which will leave 30 feet of paved ftreet for carriages. The reft of the ftreets arc, in general, 110 feet wide, with a few only 90 feet, except North, South, and Eaft Capitol Streets, which are 160 feet. The diagonal ftreets are named after the refpec- tive ftates compofing the Union, while thofe running N. and S. are, from the ca- pitol eaftward, named, Eaft Firfr Street, Baft Second Street, &c. and thofe W. of it are, m the fame manner,*called Weft Firft Street, Weft Second Street, &c. Thofe running E. and W. are from the capitol northward named. North A Street, j North B Street, &c. and thofe S. of it are called S. A Street, South B Street, &c. 1 Hie fquares, or divifions of the city,, amount to 1150 . The rectangular fquares generally contain from 3 to 6 acres, and are divided into lots of from 40 to 80 feet in front, and their depth, from about 110 to 300 feet, according to the fize of the fquare. The irregular divifions produced by the diagonal ftreets are tome of them ] Imall, but generally in valuable fituations Their acute points are all to be cut off at ! 40 feet, fo that no houfe in the city will i have an acute corner. All the houfes mult be of brick or ftone. The area for ! the capitol (or houfe for the legiflative . bodies) is fituated upon the moft beautiful eminence in the city, about a mile from the Eaftern Branch, and not much more 1 from the Potomac, commanding a full view or the city, as well as a confiderable extent of the country around. The pre- fident’s houfe will ftand upon a rifing ! ground, not far from the banks of the Po- tomac, affording a fine water profpedl, with a commanding view of the capitol, and fome other material parts of the city. Due S. from the prefident’s houfe, and due W. from the capitol, run two great plea- « lure parks, or malls, which interfedt and f terminate upon the banks of the Potomac, j and are to he ornamented at the ficies by a variety of elegant buildings, houles for fo- j reign mimfters, &c. interiperfed through j the- city, where the moft material ftreets croft I W A S WAS crofs each other, are a variety of open : areas, formed in various regular figures, which in great cities are extremely ufeful i and ornamental. Fifteen of the bed: of thefe areas are to be appropriated to the different fiates compofing the Union ; not only to bear their refpedfive names, but as proper places for them to efecl fratues, obelifks, or columns, to the memory of their favourite eminent men. Upon a fmall \ eminence, where a line due W. from the capitol, and due S. from the prefident’ s ' ho u lie, would interfecl, is to be eredled an equeftrian Itatuc of General Wafhington, late prefident of the United States, At | the junction of the rivers, a fort is to be erected, to include an arfenal and maga- zines. Places are marked out for other public buildings; as a marine hofpital, with its gardens ; "ft general exchange, and its public walks ; a city hall, churches, colleges, market-houfes, theatres, &c. 'Fhe prefident of the United States, in lo- cating the feat of the city, prevailed upon the proprietors of the foil to cede a cer- tain portion of the lots m every fituation, eo be fold by his direction, and the pro- ceeds to be folely applied to the public buildings, and other works of public uti- lity within the city. This grant will produce about 15,000 lots, and will be iufficient, not only to erect the public buildings, but to dig a canal, condudt wa- ter through the city, and to pave and light the ftreets, which will fave a heavy tax that arifes in other cities, and confequent- Iv render the lots conficierably more valu- able. The Eafiern Branch of the Poto- mac is one of the lafeft and moft commo- dious harbours in America, being fuffi- ciently deep for the largeft (hips, for about 4 miles above its jundtion with the Poto- mac, while the channel lies clofe along the edge of the city, and is abundantly capa- cious. This river contains SO and 3.5 feet to near the upper end of the city, where it is 18 and SO feet deep. The ■ city, being fituated upon the great poft road, exactly equidiftant from the northern and fouthern extremities of the Union, and nearly fo from the Atlantic Ocean to the river Ohio, upon the heft navigation, and . in the midft of thcricheft commercial ter- ritory in America, commanding the moll extenfive internal refources, is by far the molt eligible fituation for the rcfidence of congrefs; and it is now prefling forward, by the public- fpi riled enterprife, not only of the people of the United States, but alfo of foreigners. The inland navigation of the Potomac is fo far advanced, that craft loaded with produce, now come down that river and its fiveral branches; from up- ward of 180 miles to the great falls, which are within 14 miles of the city. The canals at the great and little falls, with their locks, are now completed; the navi- gation is entirely opened between tide water and the head branches of the Po- tomac, which will produce a communica- tion Ivy water between the city of Walh- ington and the interior parts of Virginia and Maryland, by means of the Potomac, the Sbannandoab, the South Branch, Ope- can, Cape Capon, Patterfon’s Creek, Co- noochegue, and Monacfy, for upward of 200 miles, through one of the moil heal- thy, pleafant, and fertile regions in Ame- rica, producing, in vaft abundance, tobacco of fuperior quality, hemp, Indian corn, wheat, and other fmall grain, with fruit and vegetables peculiar to America, in vaft abundance. The lands upon the Potomac, above the city of Wafhington, all around it, and for 60 miles below, arc high and dry, abounding with innumerable iprings of excellent water, and well covered with large timber of various kinds. A few miles below the city, upon the banks of the Potomac, are inexhauftlble mountains of excellent free-ftone, of the white and red Portland kinds, of which the public edi- fices in the city are now building. Above the city alfo, upon the banks of the river, are immenfe quantities of excellent coal, lime-ftone, and marble, with blue flate of the beft quality. The Tyber, which is the principal ftream that pafies through the city, is to be collected in a grand refervoir, belide the capitol, whence it will be car- ried in pipes to different parts of the city j while its i'urplus water will fall down in beautiful cafcades, through the public gardens weft of the capitol, into a canal. The plan of this city was formed by Man jor l’Enfarit. Moft of the ftreets were marked out, and the fquares divided into lots, in 17«92, fince which time, foms thoufands of workmen have been con- ftantly employed. It is 100 miles SW. of Philadelphia. Lat. 38. 53. N. Ion. 77- 15. W. W as sab, or Warshaes, a country of Africa, on the Gold Coaft. The foil is barren, but abounds in gold. Wassavz, or Wash aw, Great and Little, (this lafl Iks to the SW. of Great Walhaw) iflands on the E. coaft of Georgia, in N. America. The former ig about 16 mile3 in circumference. Lat. 32. 51. N. IVasing , Berkfhire, near Aklermafton. Wasperton , Warw. on the Avon, a little below Bar ford. IVassal Hill, Worcelterf. 3 1 a mile WAT a mile and a half from the Severn. It is noted for the remains of a Homan ftation. Wassand, Yorkftiire, in Holdernefs, near Hornf y. Wassenburg, a town of Tuliers, fi- tuated on the Ruhr, 9 miles ESE. of Ru- remonde. Wasserburg, a town of Upper Ba- vara, trading in fait; and a town and lordfhip of Suabia, fipiated on a point of land, which projects into the lake of Con- ftance, 1 mile N. of Buchorn. Wasslgny, a town in the dept, of the Aifne, 16 miles NW. of Vcrvins. Wast, Glouc. a hamlet in Hawkefbury. If zstal- Foot, and If astal- Head , W eftmorl . the Burbeck, S. of Rafgill and Shap. It has a fpa- water like that at Harrow- gate. ffftsfsy the name ©f feveral places in Northumberland, efpecially in Reafd- dale, and N. Tinedale, and the adjacent mountains. Wa sun gen, a town of Henneburg, in Franconia, fituated on the Werra, 4 miles SW. of Schmalkalden. Watchet, an ancient town of Somer- fetfnire, on the Brifiol Channel, with a harbour, and a few fmall coafting vefiels, which fupply the glafs-houfes at Briftol with the afhes of fea-weed, of which abundance is burnt here for that purpofe. The' inhabitants fetch vail heaps of peb- ble from the coaft, and burn it into lime for building; no cement being more du- rable for.mafonry that is to lie under wa- ter, where it grows as hard as marble. They alfo export lime-ftone and alabailer, great quantities of which fall down the dills, by the waihing of the lea, and ga- ther great plenty of the lichen marinus , or fca-liverwort, on the rocky coaft and cliffs, at low water, which they fend to diftant parts of the country. It contains about 140 houfes, and is 14 miles NNW. of Bridgewater, and 153 W. by S. of London. Market on Saturday. Watchfield, Berks, near Shrivenham. Waterburg, a town of Connecticut, 20 miles WSW. of Hartford. Wateree, a river in S. Carolina, which runs into the Cangaree, about 5 miles N. of Amelia. Wateehoo, an ifland in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 6 miles long and 4 broad, difeovered by Captain Cook in 1777; it is a beautiful fpot, with a furface com- pofed of hills and plains, and covered with verdure. The foil, in fome parts, is light and fandy; but, farther up the country, a reddilh caft was feen on the riling grounds, where the iflanders build their houk:, 2 or 3 of which were perceived w a T by glafles to be long and fpacious. Thfr manners of the people of this ifland, their general habits of life, method of treating ftrangers, language, religious ceremonies, &c. greatly refcmble thole that prevail at Otaheite. The language fpoken here was. ufually well underitood by Omai, and by two New Zealanders. Lat. 20. 1. S. Ion. 15. 15. W. Waten-Lath, Cumberl. S. of Kefvydck- Water , Cumberl. near Langholm. IV a- ter- Beach, Camb. VV. of Newmarket, and 6 miles from Cambridge. Watercomb, Dorfetf. a mile N. of Wormwell. Wcder- Crook , W eftmorl. has its name from a re- markable curve of the Ken, a little below Kendal. Near it, on the fame fide of the river, are the banks and ditches of ai? old fort, fuppofed to have been Roman, from the coins, broken altars, and other anti- quities that have been found here, at dif- ferent times. Waterden , Norf. NE. of Houghton- Hall. Water- Raton, Oxf, on the Char well, SW. of Blip. Waterfall, Stafl. S. of Grindon, where the river Hatnpfe, or Hans, after a courfe of 7 or 8 miles from its fpring, falls into the ground, and does not re-appear till it en- ters the river Manifold, about half a mile off. Waterford, N. of Hertford. * Waterford, a city and fea-port of Munfter, in Ireland, capital of a county of the fame name, and containing about 35.000 inhabitants. The ftreets are nar- row, and the air is not very healthy ; but it has an excellent harbour, lituated ex- tremely well for trade, and (hips of great burden may ride at the quay. It (lands cn the Suir, which is a broad, deep, and rapid river, 5 miles above its junddion with the Nore and Barrow. The white glafs and other inarm fadures, are in a fiourilhing (late. Upwards of 70 fail of Chipping are employed in the Newfoundland trade. For many weeks together, upwards of 3000 hogs are killed weekly ; and of but- ter, there have been exported from 60 to 70.000 cafks per annum ; befides which, the commerce in beef, corn, linen. See. with England and other countries, is very confiderable. 'Flic quay is above half a mile in length, and of a confideralfe breadth. Packet boats fail now regularly between this port and Milford- Haven, It is 8 miles N. of St. George’s Channel, and 75 S. by W. of Dublin. Lat. 52* 18. N. Ion. 7. 8. W. Waterford, a county of Ireland, about 40 miles in length, and from 8 to 24 in breadth; bounded on the S. by Su George’s Channel ; on the W. by Cork and a part of Tipperary; on the N. by the WAT the river Suir, which feparates it from Tipperary and Kilkenny ; and on the E. by Waterford Haven, which parts it from Wexford. It contains 34 parifhes, about 18,796 houfes, and 110,000 inhabitants; and though in.general mountainous, with here and there frightful rocks and preci- pices, is a fine country, fertile, pleafant, and rich. Among the mountains are 4 confiderable loughs or lakes, in which are found trout and char. On the fummits of moft of th(?m (which are, in fome parts, 720 yards above the level of the fea) are large heaps of ltcmes of great fixe, fup- pofed to lie the ruins of fome buildings, but without the intervention of mortar or cement. Waterfrision , Yorkf. W. Riding, on the Are, N. of Pontefract. Water gaily Warwick!*, near Itchington. Watergr ass- Hilly in Cork, Munfter. Walerheady Devonfhire, a creek near Dartmouth. Waterleigh , Gloucefierlhire, in Nibley parifh. Waterman s ' Manor, Efiex, near Matching Water Oakley , Berks, near Bray. Water Orton, War- wickfhire, on the Tame, over which it has a Hone bridge, in the road from Sutton to Colefhill, in A lion parifh. Water parry, Oxfordf. NE. of Whately. Waters ay, one of the Wefiern Iflands of Scotland, one mile S. of St. Uift. It is about 3 miles long and 1 broad. Watersham, Yorkfhire, W. Riding, on the Wharfe, SW. of W^therby. Water- stock, Oxfordf. NE. of Whatley-Bridge, over the Thames. Watersuplon, Shropf. near the Teme, SW. of Newport. Wa - ter ton- H all, Yorkf. SE. of Wakefield. Water-Yate, Northumberland, NW. of Simondburn. Watford, Dorfetf. a mile and a half from Bridport, in Netherby parifh. Watford, Northamptonfhire, W . of Daventry. Wuford, Somerfetfhire, NE. of Taunton. * Watford, a town of Ilertfordfhire, cenfifting chiefly of one long ftreet, whicn in the winter is extremely dirty, from the water of 2 ftreams at the entrance of the town, which is often fo fwelled by floods as to be impafl'ablc. Near it the V atling- Street orofles its river to St. Alban’s. It had anciently a ford at the S. end of the town, and is feated on the nyer Coin, 7 miles S. by W. of St. Alban’s, and 14 NW. of London. Market on T uefday. Wath, Lincolnfhire, N. of Ludburgh. Walk, Yorkf. near Rippon. Wath-upon- Don, Yorkf. N. of Rotherham. In a neighbouring wood are plain marks of the Roman way called Ikenild Street. W a- W A T ihermillock , Cumberland, in Grayftocfc parifh. Waihinpool, Cumberland, in Aik- ton parifh. Wathorp, Northampton!, near Stamford- Baron, a ruegledted feat of the Earl of Exeter, about a mile VV . of Burleigh Houfe. Watland, Weilmorland, on the Ken, near Kendal. Wallas, Yorkf. N. of Mafham. Watlesborough, SW. of Shrewfbury. Watte field, Whaltisjield, or Watchfield, Suffolk, SW. of Bottefdale. Watling-Street, one of the Pre- torian, or Confular highways, made by the Romans, for the march of their armies, of large flakes and lefferwood between them, to keep up the earth and Hones, called by the Saxons wattles. It began at Dover, ran to St. Alban s, Dunflable, Towcefler, Atberflon, and Shrewfbury, and ended at Cardigan in Wales. It is yet very firm, in fome counties, for feyeral miles, efpecially in Shropfhire, Stafford- fhire, and Warwickfhire ; and is called by the inhabitants, in different parts, by the names of Street-Wav, High- Dike, High- Ridge, Forty- foot- V ay, and Ridge- Yv ay. Watling-Street, Shropfhire, near Wel- lington, on the Roman way of that name. Watlingtnn, Norfolk, near Sechy. Wat- lington, Suffex, N. of Battel. W atlington, a town in Ox ford (hire* which, with the 4 hamlets that belong to' it, contains about 260 houfes. It is ieat- ed on a fmall brook, among the Chiltern Hills, 24 miles SE. of Oxford, and 46 NNW. of London. Market on Satiir- Watringbury , Kent, 2 miles S. of Weft Mailing. Watson, a town of Virginia, 35 miles SW. of Richmond. Wahl unwell, Derbylhire, W . of Alfre- ton. If a#£/,Nottinghamfhire, nearGreyf- ley-Caftle. Watte N, a town in the department of the North, feated on the river Aa, 5 miles N. of St Outer's. Watieshan: , Suffolk, NE. of Bildefton. Wattle- Bridge, in Fermanagh, 1 liter. Wattlesbury, 7 miles W. of Shrewfbury. Watton, a town of Norfolk, filuated on the edge of that open part of the coun- try which is called Filar. d, 18 miles SSW. of Norwich, and 90 NNE. of London. It is a great thoroughfare from Lynn, Down ham, Thetford, Difs, See. Great fjuantities of butter are fen.t hence to Downham bridge ; from whence the fac- tors fend it to London by water. Market on Wednefday. Watton- Abbey, Yorkf. E, Riding, near Baynton. W atton+Wood- Hall, cr at Stone, 4 miles N. of lictlf'ord. i 1 2 • Watts# W A Y Watts, a town of Georgia, in N. -America, fituated in lat. 34. 22. N. and Ion. 86. 2b. W. Wavendon, Bucks, near Newport. Wa- veney, a river of Suffolk, which, for a fpace, fe pa rates this county from Norfolk; it runs by Scole, Belliugford, Ilarleflon, Bungay, Beccles,and SuOIave's Marfhes, g.nd meeting the ^ are and Bure, near Burgh Caftle, they join and empty tbem- felyes into the ocean, at Yarmouth fort, ft is navigable from Bungay. Waver, , a river in Cumberland, which runs into the Yi ampull, below Ilabycoat. W a v e R.E n, a town of Brabant, fituated on the Dylc, i2 miles S. of Louvain. It is much decayed, by war and accidental fires. Waver ley Abbey , Surry, SE. of Earn- ham, near the river Wey, was the full Chriitian abbey in England, of which, at prefent, only part of the S. ailTe remains, -with the abbey walls, which are chiefiv of rag ft ones, and 1 0 feet high. Part ofthe rc.fedfery, dormitory, and cloyffers, are al- io Handing. Its large handfome chapel is converted to a ftable. IV aver ton, SE. of Chefter. W avert on, Cumberland, in Brumfield parifh. WaveHon , Warwick!. NE. of Polefworth. Wau'-bottle, Nor- fhumb. on the Picfs Wall, NW. of New- sfile. W arburthwate, Cumberland, near Haven glafs. Water land, an ifland in the S. Pa- cific Ocean. Lat. 14. 45. S. Ion. 144 . 10. W. tV awen's- Moor, Warwickfhire, NE. of Coughton. IVaxham , Norfolk, E. of flickling. IVaxham , \ orkf. on the coafit of Holdernefe. Waybergthwate , Cum- berland, near Bootle.* Way born , Norfolk, E. of Clay, from this place to Cromer, the ihore is fo flat, that in feme places the tide ebbs out near 2 ' miles. Way- bred, Suffolk, near the Wr.veney, SW. of Ilarleflon in Norfolk, ii uyj rd , Soincr- fetf. SYY . of Crewkern. h ay land- Wood, Norfelk, on the left hand, between \Vat- ton and Merton; is commonly called Wailing Wood, from a tradition of its being the place where the two children, celebrated in the pathetic oM ballad of the Babes in the W ood, were murdered by fhe.ir uncle. Waylcigh , Chefhire, SE. of Stopford. Waynver- Castle, Herts, m:ar ifehepfe Stortford. Way nurds, Heref. N W . of Pern bridge Wayne, A county of N. Carolina. W' a YNspo r (HJGH, a town of Geor- gia, in N. America, 20 miles SW. of Augufla. // uyrieshopc, Northumb. in 'Phornton manor, auu Tyneeale. ward Waysbary, W E S Bucks, a mile W, of Staines. Waynton, Devonf. on the river Dart, W. of Torbay. Wayto.ni, Dorferf. a mile S. of Nether- bury. Weald oj Sussex ' and Kent, a woody tradt on the B. parts of them, extending from W mchelfea to the top of Iliverhill towards 1 unbridge ; a perfect garden in the fe miner, but unpleafant and fwainpy in the winter. Weald Harrow, Middle fex, at the foot of the hill, towards Bulky- Heath. Ik culdy JS*oTfh 9 Lilex, near Kp- pmg, contiguous to Bovinger. Weald, South, Eftex, W. of Brentwood. Weap- ham, Suflex, SW. of Loxwood. Wear- ham, Norfolk, NW. of Stoke. The re- mains of its Benedicfine priory, which are of free-ftone, and fuppofed to have been the chapel, are converted to a farm-houfe. Wear, a river in the county of Dur- ham-, which nfes in the W. part, and takes its courfe along a fine well-wooded valley, called Wcardale, (abounding with lead, iron, and coals) by Stanhope, W al- fingham, Auckland, Binchefter, Branf- peth, and Durham city, to the German Ocean, below Sunderland. Wearrnouth , Bishop, Durham, to the SW. of Sunderland. It has a manufac- tory of fail-cloth. Wearrnouth, Durham, at the N. mouth of the Wear, oppofite Sunderland. It is alfe called Monk- \Y earmouth, becaufe, before the diflblu- tion it belonged to the monks. Wears End, Hereford!. SW. of Pols, Weary Hall, Cumber!, near Egremont. Weasam, Lane, in Amoundemefs. Wea- ver, Devonf. near Col umpton. Week dive, Northamp. SE. of Towcefter. Wedding- ton, W arwickf. E. of the Anker, a mile above Caldecote. Weddinghall, Derbyf. in the High Peak, ft edgnock, Warwickf., S. of Kenilworth. Its fpacious park is the deleft in England, next to that at Woodkock. Wedgwood, or Wet wood, Starioraft NW of Ecclefball. ft edmore, Somerfetf. 5 miles S. of Axbridge. Wed- nesbury, Weedsbury, or Wedgebury , Staf- fordfhire, on the lathe, near Darlafton, and 8 miles NW. of Birmingham. It has manufadfurcs of all forts of heavy tool”, as hammers, axes. See. with nails and horle-fhoes, made of a fort of iron ore, called, blc'-v. -metal. It is fituated in the midft of coal-mines, which pro- duce an excellent fort of pit- coal, pre- ferred by 1 curie beforp channel- coal. Wednesjield, Staffer* /(hire, between Blox- v/ich and W olverhampton. We Ami, Bucks, .2 miles from Ay -feury Wee- dt ii-Bcch, Northampton!. Sri. of Daven- try, near the f urce of the Ncn. Wee - dun-Einktuy, St. Loys, and Wes/on, Northampton!. W E L W E I Northamptonf. W. and SW . of Tow- cefter. Week, Hants, NE. of Andover. Week, Iile of Wight, in \V. Medina. Week, Somerfetf. NW. of Milborn- Port. Week, Somerfetf. SE; of Stanton-Drew. Week Lawrence, Somerfetfhire, NW . of Churchill. Weekly , Norihamptonfhire, NE. of Rot I. well- Week , Si. Mary's, Cornwall, SW. of Stratton. Weeping Cross, SE. of Stafford. Weert, a town of Liege, 10 miles W. of Ruremond. The allies took it in 1 702, when they deftroyed the caftle. Weethly , Warwiclcf. SW . of Aulcefter. Wcelon , Lancafhire, NW. of Kirkham, in Amoundernefs. Weeton, Yorklhtre, E. of Otley. Weet wood Bank, Northumber- land, a mile NE. of Wooller. Weever, Chefhire, S. of Vale-Royal. Weever, a river which rifes in the N. part of Shropf. runs by Namptwich acrofs Chefhire, and receiving the Dane at Northwich, enters the efluary of the Mer- fey. it is navigable to fome miles above Northwich. Wejord Staffordfhirc, S. of Lichfield. It communicates with all the late inland navigations. W eibstatt, a town of Spire, circle of Upper Rhine, 20 miles SE. of Heidel- burg. Weichterbach, a town ©f Ifenburg, in the circle of Upper Rhine. It is fitu- ated on the Kinzis;, 23 miles E. of Frankfort on the Maine. Weiden, a town of Sulfhach, in Ba- varia, 17 miles NE. of SuHbach. Weigh ion, Yorklftire, 7 miles W. of Wether hv. Weighton-Market, a fmall town in the E. Riding of Yorkfhire, 18 miles ESE. of York. Market on Wednesday. Weil, (called alfo Weilerstadt, Stadtweil, or Weil-die-Stadt) an imperial town of W irternbufg. Weilburc,.! town, capital of a coun- ty in the circle of Upper Rhine, belong- ing to the houfe of Naffau Weilburg. In the prince’s palace arc very elegant apart- ments, and near it are fine gardens, a large menagerie, a chapel, dec. All the roads near the town lie in a direct line, and are planted on both Tides with rows of trees It is fnuated on an eminence, on or near the Lalin, over which it has a bridge of hone, 29 miles N. of Mentz. Weilheim, a town of Wirtcmburg j and a town of Bavaria. Weimar, a town, capital of a princi- pality in Thuringia, on both fides of the river Um, with a palace, where the duke rdides. This palace contains, among other things, a fpacious hall, a valuable library, and a gallery of paintings. It is 46 miles SSW. of Leipfic. Weingartin, a town in the palati- tinatc of the Rhine ; and a princely abbey, in the town of Altorf, in Suabia. Weinheim, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, in the Bergftraffe, famous for its wine/ It is 8 miles NE. of Man- heiin. W einsberg, a town of Wirtemburg, in Suabia, fituated in a valley, famous for wine, 5 miles NE. of Ileilbronn. Weiselmunde, a fortrefs of Weft Pruffia, on the Viftula, below Dantzick. Weissemburg. See W'issemburg- We 15SEMBURG, an imperial town of Franconia, 48 miles W. of I^atilbon. Weiss e mburg, a tow n of Erzgcburg, in Upper Saxony. Weissemburg, or Alea Julia, Karlsburg, or Fejervar, a confi- derable tovvn, with a univerfity, capital of a diflr'wR of Trayfylvania It is the fee of a bifnop, and is fituated on the ri- ver Maros, 14 miles NE.'of Belgrade. Weissemburg, Stulweissem- bu rg, or Szekes i'EjER var, a royal free town of Hungary, lituated in a marfhy ground, on the river Sarwitz, 24 miles W. of Buda, It was formerly the place of coronation of their kings, and gene- rally of their interment. At prefent, the town is extremely decayed, and its beft houfes are gone to ruin. Wei&senfels, a town of Thuringia, lb miles WSW. of Leipfic. The prince of Saxe- Weiffenfels, a branch of the houfe Saxony, ordinarily refides in a citadel above the town, called Auguftufberg. ,\V eissensee, a town ofUpper Saxony, fituated in the centre of Thuringia, be- tween what formerly epnirituted 2 inland lakes, but which hav-e both been drained and converted into arable and meadow ground. It is 14 miles N. of Erfurt. W EL a j, a town of Smaland, in Pruffia, 22 miles ENE. of Koifinglberg. It is chiefly remarkable for the treaty con- cluded here w.th Poland, Sept. 19, l’6j7,. when the elector, Frederick William, was invefied with the iovereignty of Ducal Pruffia. r WelbecU- Abbey, Nottingh. a mile and a half S. of Workfop. Near it is a park, finely wooded, and well llored with deer. Welbery, Herts W. of Hitchin. Wclbey , I eicef. N.of Melton -Mowbray. Welborn , Lincolnf. NE. of Beckinghanu Welborn , Norfolk, SE. of Enft Dercham. Welborn , Yorkf. SW. of New Malton. Welborn , Yorkf. near Kirby- M or efide, Welbury % 3 I 3 Yorkf* W E L Yorkf. N. Riding, between Northaller- ton and Yarum. Wedby, Lincolnfhire, NE. of Grantham. Welcomb , or Walla- ce, mb, Devoofhire, S. of Hartland- Point. Welcomb , Warwick!' in a valley, by Strat- ford- upon Avon. Weld, EfTex, nearllar- low. Weld, Hants, W. of Alton. Weld, Herts, S. of Shenlcy. W eld, Oxfordihire, near Hampton. Weldon , Northumberl. SE. of Rothbury. Weldon, Great, a town in North- amptonfhire, with a handfome market- houfe, and a feffions-houfe over it, built of the befit ftone. In a corn- field not far from it, was difeovered, in 1788, a Roman pavement 96 feet long, and 10 broad, within a kind of gallery, 100 Roman feet long in front, fidecl by feveral rooms, "about 80 feet fquare, in which were fimilar pavements. The whole ltruCture was a double fquare, mea- furing 100 feet by 50. On the fame fpot were difeovered a great number of coins of the Lower Empire. A wall has been built round the pavement, and a wooden roof placed over it. It is fituated in Rockingham- Foreft, on or near the ri- ver Willy, 28 miles NK. of Northamp- ton, and 84 NNYfi. of London. Mar- ket on Wednefday. Weldon, Little , Northampt. near Great Weldon.. Wele-Hall, Yorkf. on the Oufe, N. of Selby. Wetjord , Berks, N. of New- bury. Wc/Jord , Gloucefterf a hamlet in Kempsford parifh. Wetjord , Gloucef. 4 miles S. of Stratford-upon-Avon. W el- ham, Leiccitcrfhire, on a river that runs into the W elland, NE. of Harborough. Welham, Yorkf. a mile 5. of New Mal- ton. Well, Kent, the water between Sheppey 10c and the main land. Well, Kent, near North fleet. Well , L-incolnf. S. of Alford. Well, Yorkf. W. of Maf- ham. Welland, Devonfhire, NE. of Col- lumpton, on the iamc river. Welland , Wo rcefler Afire, SW. of Upton. Welland, a river which rifes in Northamptonlhire, fe pa rates that county from Leicefterflf re, Rutland, and Lin- colnflfire, and pafl’es by Market-IIarbo- ‘ rough, Market' Deeping, Spalding, &c. below which lad place it enters the Wall). It is navigable by locks from Stamford. Well-Court, Kent, near Cuckflone. Well-Court, Kent, near Littlebourn. Well- End, Bucks, NE. of Great Marlow. W elks burn, Hastings, and Momttjorf, S. of WaKvick. Welleij, Nottingham!'. SW. ofTuxford. Well- Halt, ox Place, Kent, near Elfham. Welling , Kent, at the foot of Shooter's- Hill, in the Hartford road. el ling borough, a large, ancient, populous, and well- inhabited town of W E L Northamptonlhire, very pleafantly feated on a rivulet that empties itfelf into the Nen, near the town, and over which it has an elegant new bridge, 12 miles NE. of Northampton, and 68 N. by W. of London. It has a great trade in'corn, and a manufacture of lace ; as alfo a very confiderable one of fhoes, there being not lefs than 1000 (hoemakers conftantly employed here, of whom about 50 are pincipal manufacturers. It had the name of Wellingborough Forum, from its mar- ket (granted by king John at the peti- tion of the monks of Crowland, who were then in pofleflion of the manor) and from the many wells or fprings id and about the town, fome of which are medi- cinal, particularly the noted one, called Red Wells. Henrietta Maria, wife to Charles I. lay many weeks here to drink them. A dreadful fire, in .July 1738,- confirmed about 800 dweling houfes, out-houfes, &c. comprifing the greatefi part of the town, in 6 hours time, fo that very few had time to lave their e f feCts ; but fi is fince re-built in a more handfome manner, of a kind of red Hone, the foundation of which is chiefly on a red-flone rock. Market on Wednefday. Wellingham, Norfolk, S. ofRainham- Hall. Wellingham, Sufl'ex, N. of Lewes, on the fame river. Wellingbore Lincoln- fbire, near Welborn. Wellington, Here- fordfhire, E. of Webley. Wellington , Sufl'ex, 2 miles N. of Lewes. * Wellington, a finall town of Shropfhire, the inhabitants of which are chiefly employed in digging for coal, lime, and iron-ftone. Here is no particu- lar manufa&ory, but there are two fur- naces, worked by a fleam-engine, one of the largeft in England. Its church has been lately re-built, and is fupported on cafl-iron pillars, which gives a lightnefs to the building, and has a very good efi'eCt. It is feated near Wrekin Hill, 12 miles E. of Shrewlbury; and 152 NW. of London. A pretty good market on Thurfday. Wellington, a town of Somerfet- fliirc, with a manufactory of ferges, drug- gets, &c. and a confiderable pottery. It is feated on the river Tone, 7 miles SW. of Taunton, on the road to Exeter, and 117 W. by S. of London. Market oil Thurfday. Wellome , or We.lham, Nottingh. near E. Redford. Wellop, Kent, near Hitli. Wellop, a river in Northumb. which runs into the Were, near St. John’s Chapel. Wellop, Wefim. on the Eden, NW. of Appleby. Wellow, Ille of Wight, inW. Medina. Wellow , Someif. NW. of Fhi- lips- W E N WEL lips-Norton. Wellott't Somcrfetf. 5 miles S. of Bath. Wcllow , E. and IV. Hants, near Rum ley. I Veils, in Wexford, Leinfter. Wells , in Carlow, Leinfter. * Wells, a filhing town on the N. coaft of Norfolk, exporting malt and corn to Holland, and importing the Dutch pottery. It has a good harbour, and a deep channel, and is lituated between Clay and Burnham, 121 miles NNE. of London. Market difufed. * Wells, a city of Somerfetlhire, feated at the foot of a hill, has its name from the wells and fprings that are about it. Though but a fmall city, the ftreets are broad, and it is well inhabited. The cathedral, befide which there is only one parilh church, is a frately pile, and the market- houfe is a neat ftrudture, fupport- ed by pillars. Here are conliderable ma- nu factories of knit worfted (lockings and bone-lace. The number of houfes is about 700, and the inhabitants are about 4500. When the fee is vacant, the bilhop is chofen by an equal number of delegates appointed by each of the churches of Bath and Wells, and he is inft tiled at both places. Befides the bilhop and dean, there belong to this church 27 prebenda- ries and 19 minor canons, with a number of fpiritual court men, proclors, and other officers. It is 16 miles S.x)f Briftol, and 120 SSW. of London. Markets on Wednesday and Saturday. Wells, a town of Auftria. * Welshpool, or Pool, a corpora- tion town of Montgomerylhire, feated on the river Severn, which begins to be navigable about three quarters of a mile from the town, in a rich vale, 19 miles S. by. W. of Shreu fbary, 7 N. of Mont- gomery, and 169 NW. of London, k is the principal trading town in the county, being the great market for flan- nels, and the houfes are in general well built. The affizes for the county are held in the town-hall. The caftle, called Powis-Caftle, is built of a rcddifh ftone, on an eminence, and was formerly of great ftrength, beauty, and extent. The market, which is conliderable for cattle and proviflons, is on Monday. Fairs on the fecond Monday in March, the Mon- day before Eafter, June 5th, the firft Mon- day after June 27th, September 12th, and December 16th. Well Street, Kent, near Weftram. Wel- ney, Cambridgef. in the Fens, between Littleport and Upwell. Welowbridgc- Park and Wells , StaHordftnre, N. of Blore- Heath. Welsborough , Leicef. W. of Bofworth. Wellon , Lincolnf. NE. of Spilfby. Welton, N. of Lincoln. Wellon , Lincolnf. W. oi Louth. Welton, Noith- ampt. near Daventry. Welton, North- umberland, NW. of Newcaftle, and S. of the Pi£fs Wall. Near it is Welton Tower, fltuated on a riftng ground. Wel~ ton , Somerfetlhire, near Midfummer-Nor- ton. Welton , Yorklhire, near the Hum- ber, WE of Hull. Welton, Yorklhire, E. of Beverley. Welter, ton , or Wolveston , Durham, N. of Stockton. Welwick , Yorklhire, NE. of Spurnhead. * Welwyn, Hertfordlhire, on the river Mimram, 4 miles N. of Hatfield, and 25 N. by W. of London, ii] 4 #»e road to Bed- ford. Of this place the celebrated Dr. Young was many years redlorj and here was the feene of his melancholy but pleafing eff'ufions, called “ The Night Thoughts.” W' r em, a town in Shroplhire, feated on the river Roddon, near its fource, 9 miles N. of Shrewsbury, and 164 NW. of Lon- don. It is a fmall, but ancient place, with a free-fehool liberally endowed, and a large market on Thurfday lor cattle and pro- viftons. Wembury, Devonfhire, a mile and a half NE. of Plymouth, near the fall of the ri- ver Yalm into the fca. Wencton , Somcr- fetlhire, NW. of Bridgewater. Wemley Hill and Green , Middlefex, % S. of Har- row. Wemworthy, Devonfhire, SW. of Chimleigh. Wendeon, Cornwall, on the Cober, W. of Penryu. Wenderton, Kent, near Wingham, in a fine fituation for air and profpedl. Wendesley, Derbyf. W. of the Derwent, and N. of Wirkfvvorth. - Wendlebury , Oxfordfhire, SW. of Bicef- ter, was, according to fome. the ancient city of Alcefter. Wendon, Lowth, Great, and Little , Eilex, SW. of Walden. * Wendover, a poor, dirty town in Buckinghamlhire, fltuated at the entrance of the Vale of Aylefbury, with pleafant hills on each fide, 7 miles SE. of Aylef- buiy, and 35 W. by N. of London. Mar- ket on Tuefday. Wendy, Cambridgef. near Shengay and Wimple. Wenjord- Eagle, Dorfctf. be- tween W'eymouth and Bridport. Near this place, in a ground called Ferridron, on the road to Bridport, a barrow w.i-> opened fome years ago ; in which was found a place like an oven, curioufiy clayed, and in it a fair urn, full of firm bones, and black afhes, and the even was as hot as a baker’s. In digging further, 15 unis more were found, but not in ovens. fVeng, Bucks, near Newport- Pagnel. W eng, a town of Stiria. 3 I 4 W cuhanit WEN Wenham , Great and Little., or WeV vetham , as it 'is called in old records, Suf- folk, on the river Breton, near Bury. Wenhastnn , Suflex, SE. of Halefworth. Wermington, Huntingdonlhire, SE. of Snltrey- Grange. Wenling , Norfolk, W. ©f Eall Dereham. It had formerly an abbey. Wenlock, Great, or Much, an ancient town in Shroplhire, noted for lime-fione and tobacco-pipe clay. The remains of its abbey church, built in the year 1080, confifting of the S. tranfept, the S. aile, and 3 maffive, round, Saxon arches, with the cloifter, no\V converted into a farm-houfe, (hew it to have been very magnificent. It is 12 miles SE. of Shrewlbury, and 147 NW. of London. Market on Monday. Wenlock , Little, Shropf. E. of Wrekin- Hill. Werine , Cornwall, SE. of Columb. Wenner| the largefi lake of Sweden, in W. Gothland, to the NW. of the Lake W etter, being about 80 miles in length, and from 20 to SO in breadth. Four and twenty rivers empty themfelves into this lake, but it difcharges itfelf into the fea, by only one large river or outlet, called the Gotha Elbe. It is ftored with great plenty of filh, and contains feveral iflands. Wennersburg, a town of W. Goth- land, in Sweden, fituated at the SW. ex- tremity of the Wenner lake, 15 miles E. of Uddevalla. It is the fiaple for all the iron fent from the province of Werme- land to Gotheburg. Wenningtcn , Ellex, adjoining Rainham, and ©ppofiic to Erith, on the Kentifh flsore. Wennirigion, NE. of Lancafrer, on the river Winning. Wens ley, York- iT. ire, N. Hiding, near Midlam. Wenfley- Dale, in Richmondlbire, near Swalcdale fovdi, is extenfive, has the river Ure run- ning through it, affords romantic pro- fpedfs, abounds with game, pafture, and cattle, yields p. variety of minerals, lime- ftone, lead, coal, See. and is decorated with fonve ancient, venerable ruins and catara&ls. In this vale Henry Jenkins was born in the year 1500, and died in 1 ( 370 . Wens'yssel, a town of N. Jutland, capital of a (mall peninlula or prcfcclure, (which makes the N. part of Jutland) of the fame name. It is feated on the river Kvda, 18 miles NW. of Aalborg. Went, a river in Yorkf. which runs into the l)oo, oppofite Marlhland. IVenibeck ; fee Wanfbcck, Wentbridge, Yorkf. has a bridge over tlie Went, between Don- caficr and Tadcaftcr. Went nor, Slirop- fhire, near Church and Little- Stretton. w E R Wenfon, Rutland, near Cottcfmor e.Wenf- simi , a river in Norfolk, which runs into the Yare, below Norwich. Wentworth , Cambridgcfhire, SW. of Ely. Wentworth , Yorkf. 3 miles NW. of Rotheram, con- tains 2 or 300 houfes. Near it is Went- worth Houfe, the magnificent feat of earl Fitzwilliam, built in imitation of earl Tilney’s, at Wanffed, and fituated in a delightful park, about 8 miles in com- pafs, beautified with filh-ponds, and in- numerable plantations of old fir trees, and other large timber. The (tables are Supe- rior in fize and grandeur to any in the kingdom. Weobly, a town in Hcrefordfhire, chiefly noted for fine ale. It is fituated in a fruitful country, 8 miles NW. of Hereford. A little market on Thurfday. Wepham, Sufiex, near Burpham. Werben, a town in the Old Marche, Brandenburgh, fituated at the confluence of tl;e Havel and Elbe, 83 miles NNW. of Brandenburgh. Alfo a town of Ulte- rior Pomerania, 4 miles SSE. ofColbatch. Werd, a town of Caririthia, fituated on a. lake of the lame name, 8 miles W. of Clagen furt. Warden, Lancafhire, S. of Prclton. Werden, a town of Mark, in Weft- phalia, fituated on the Roer, 11 miles NNE. of Dulleldorp. In it is a princely abbey, with a revenue of above 20,000 rix-dollars, over which the king ofPruflia, account of Mark, has the right of advocacy. Werdenburg, a fortified town of Glarus, in Swifferland, capital of a baili- wick. It is fituated near the weftern bank of the Rhine, 25 miles ENE. of Glarus. Werdley, Lancalhire, SE. of Bolton. Were, Devonlhire, in Topfham parifn, fo called from the wears in its river. Were , Somerfetlhire, SW. of Axbridge. Were - ham, Chelhire, on the Weever, 2 miles Vv . of Northwich. Weremouth , North- umberland, in the lordlhip of Bothal.. Werington, Norrhamptonlhire, has a mill on the Cardyke, N. of Peterborough. Werle, a town in the duchy of Welt- phalia, 13 miles \\ SW. of Lippfiadt. Vv erm eland, a province of Swede* , in W. Gothland, bounded on the N. by Dalecarliaj on the E. by Vv elhnania ami Nericia, on the S. by the Lake Wenner and the province of Dalia, and on the W. by Norway; about 200 miles in length, and. 130 in breadth. It is a fertile and pleafant province ; diverlilied by moun- tains, rocks, hills, and dales, clothed with foreils of birch, poplar, mountain-alh,pine, and fir; and abounding with lakes, which are W E 11 ?rc extremely beautiful. They are from 4 to 40 miles in circumference; fome lo narrow as to appear like broad rivers; others of a circular fhape ; their {bores, m fome parts, fteep and rocky; in others gently Hoping, but always leathered with hanging wood to the margin of the water ; the roads delightfully winding through the dark forefts which overhang the im- pending precipices, and overlhadow the water. Numerous rivulets flow from thefe lakes, and form, femeti tries, (mail piclurefquc cataratts. The chief occupa- tion of the inhabitants is mining, (melt- ing, & c. together with filhing, and a little agriculture. Their trade confifls moftly in malls, planks, timber, the bark, of birch trees, &c. In the chief river Clara, or Stor Elbe, is a profitable lalmon filhery. * . Wernburg, a town of Ncufiadt, m Upper Saxony. We r neck, a town of Wurzburg, m Franconia, fituated on th^Weren, 17 miles N. of Wurzburg. ^ Wern, a town of Munftcr, invv'eft- phalia. . Wernigerode, a town, capital of a county of Upper Saxony, S. of the princi- pality of Halberfladt, and N. and W. of that of Blankenburg ; about 12 miles in length, and 8 in breadth. Though it has counts of its own, it is a fief of the king of Pruflia, as margrave of Rrandenburgh, and is, iu fome meafure, under his fove- reignty. Wernitz, a river of Suabia, which rifes in the marquifate of Anfpach, in the S. of Franconia, a little to the N. of El- wan g, in N. Suabia, and about 5 miles S. from Rotenburg, and patTing by or near Dinkelfpuhl, Watier-Truding, Oeting, Wemdin, Sec. falls into the Danube at Donawert. Werra, a river of Upper Saxony, which pa lies by Eisfeldt, flJildburghaufen, Meinungen, Creutzberg, Trefurt, Allen- dorf, See. and empties itfelf into the flui- ds at Munden. Wtrtay , a river in Cardiganf. which runs into the lr:lh Channel, near Arth, about 7 miles S. of Aberyflwith. ^ War- rington, DcvotvC. on the borders of C/ornw. a delightful fpot, long in the polfeflion of the Morrices. The river Tamar runs through its park. Werrow, Hants, in the lfle of Wight. Wertheim, a town of Franconia, ca- p ial of a county of the fame name, about U0 miles in length, and nearly as much in breadth ; fituated between the ele&orate of Mentz and the bifiioprick of Wurz- w E s burg, and divided among fevrral princes. It is feated at the confluence of the rivers Turbur and Maine, 22 miles, W. of Wurzburg. Wertheim, a town of Mentz, 22 miles E. of Frankfort omthe Maine. Werwick, a town of Flanders, fitu- ated on the Uvs, 3 miles SW . of Menin. IVerwin, Chefhire, NW. of Delamere- Forefr. Wesel, a town of Cleves, formerly imperial, fituated near the confluence of the Rhine and the Lippe, 17 miles ESE. of Cleves. Wesel, a town of Treves, 30 miles b,.. of Coblentz. Wesenburg, a town of Mecklen- burg:. W esep, a town of S. Holland, fituated on the Vccht, 4 miles SE. of Amflcrdam. The principal bufmefs of the inhabitants is to carry frefh water from hence out of the Vccht to Amfterdarn, for brewing and other ufes, for which traffic they have a particular kind of barges. _ Weser, tf confiderable river of Ger- many, which rifes in Franconia, being then called the Werra, and receives the Fulda at Munden, in the duchy of Bruns- wick. Then it obtains the name of Wc- for, waters Hamelen, Minden, and H oye ; when it joins the Aller, and after paffing by Bremen and Carlefbnrg, or Carlfladt, falls into the German Ocean. IVescot. , Surry, SW. of Darking. Wes- self Northumb. on the 1 yll, near 1 yl- mouth. Wessenhanif St. Peter s and All Sail Us j Norfolk, SW. of Rainhain-H*ll. IVessentoriy ( Roucefterf. near Campdci^. Wessington, Northumb. NE. of Heddon- on- the Wall. West- Acre, Norfolk, on the river Nar, W. of Caftle- Acre. WeUal, Gloucef. in Cheltenham parifh. West- Abner y Dorfetfhire, a mile from Charbo- rough. West- B ere, Kent, near the Stour, 3 miles NE. of Canterbury. Westbotn, Sufiex, near Ration. West born Green, Middl. near Paddington, in the road lo Harrow. We st bo rough, a town of MafTachu- fetts, 33 miles W. of Bofton. Westborough, Lincolnlhire, NW- of Grantham. West broke. Dor let f. in Up- way parifh, near Ridgehill. Westbrook , Berks, SW. of Newbury. Westbrook 9 Kent., near Ofpring. WestbroMey, lierts, SE. of Berkhamficad. West bury, Bucks, W. of Buckingham, on the fame river. West bury, Gloucelterf. 2 miles NE. of Newnham. Peacockfbrook, which rifes in Yartleton-hill, runs through its parifh into the Severn. Wvstbury, Hants, W. w E S of Eaft and Weft Meafi. JVesthury, Kent, near Watnpgbury. JVestbury, Kent, near Orlafton. JVestbury , ShropHsirc, bet w een Shrewsbury and Welfli pool. Weslbury, Somerfetffiire, NW. of Wells. J * prctty g00d ‘ow> 'of " lit hire with a mapufaflurc of coarfe broad cloth It is fituated on a little river WNW 110 ?^ ' ^ 2« miles Vv NW. of Salifbury, and 101 W. of fVHay 11, A g °° d ^ arket f ° r c * rn on JVestbury, Yorkf. near Sheffield. Wc^t- bury-on-Trin , Gloucef. 2 miles NW. of iinlfol, with the river Trin running through the. pariffi, and the Avon for its W. boundary. It has a large church, and had anciently a college like a caltle, with a high wall and turrets, and a large tower on it, with battlements. In this pariffi is I en park- hole, a prodigious chafrn, with a vatt quantity of water at particular fea- i°ns ; jt is near 70 feet deep, BO long, and o3 wioe, and the bottom of the hole irom the roof, is about 100 feet perpendi- cular. I he defeent for the firft 50 feet is by a narrow funnel, widening into the large cavern ; and there is a fhorter funnel on tne E. fide, leading only to irregular palhgcs. Westby, Lancaf. in Amonnder- ne^s, W . of Kirkham. Westby , Lincolnf. near Bahngthorp. West Chickerill, Dor- leti. near the Channel, bn the river Fleet F • ,°f.? ad ;.P- ole ' and SW. of Dpway! Hest CM, Kent, N. of Dover. West, comb, Kent, near Greenwich. U r estcomb Somerfctf. near Batcomb. West Coppice* near Shrewfbury, on the Severn. ' Westcot t Bucks, in Waddefdon pariffi. Westcot, Devon /hire, S. of llfracomb. Westcot G oucefterf. 4 miles-SE. of Stow-on-the- W E S ‘Huw-on-tnc- VV ould. JJes/cct . Surry, in Darking p a . V ^ ai ‘ w Y kr - «ear Hatley. JJ esicot, \V iltlhire, near Swindon. JJ'est. court, lUms, m. of Alton. JVeslcourt, Itle ot \\ ight, in \\ . Medina. JJ'est- Court, Kent, near Detling. West- Court Fent, near Gillingham. West- Court Font, near SibbertV Wood. West- Court Rent, near Upchurch. JJ\-st- Court, < x- fordf. near Bcnfmgton. JCestdccn, j) e - vonlhire, between Weftcot and llfracomb. JJestcd, Surry, in Compton pariffi. ll'est- Eud, Middl. between kdb,wrnan that 't will not anfwer the ex- P e nce. 1 his county yields the fined 1 nte > and abundance of excellent hams are cured here. The mountainous diftricE here called Fells, which Compofe a large part of the county, are far from being un- profitable ; they feed large flocks of fh ep produce plenty of groufe, or moor- game’ and abound with rivulets, which waP-r the valhes bfeneath. The principal rivers are the Eden, Lone, and Ken, which carry their name to the fea J with the imaller dreams of Lowther, Tees, Emont Lelo, and Rootha. It has alfo feveral fine* laxes, the principal of which is Winan- cfer- Mere, the bottom of which is one continued rock, i n the Fored of Marti n- . da e to theS. of Ulls- Water, the breed of red deer fnll exids in a wild date. The earl of Thanet is hereditary (heriif. A p- P ■ Y ,s tiu> county-town, but Kendal is the mod confiderabfc one, for fizc, trade and population. Westmorland, a county of Vi r . g nia, and a county of Pennfylvania. Westnath, Cornwall, N. of the Looes. Westmng, Bed ford f. S. of Ampthill. Weston, a town of Mafikhufetts, 12 miles Yv. of Bofton. Berks, NE. of Hungerford. fresto.:, ( hcf. near Rock-Savage. Wes- {j"’ Chef. E. of Mamptwich. We, ton, I/orletf. in Corfcomb p rifh. Wes p, t i y Gloucef. adjoining Campden. W^toii Ilampfhire, SE. of Bafmgfoke. I Vision* FJ am pin ire, near Mieheldever. Weston IJampfhirc, SE. of Southampton. Weston, leret. near Rofs. //Wo.., Hertf. near Lalciock. Weston, Ifle of Wight, in W Medina. Weston, Line. SW/of Whan.’ fode. Weston , Norf. SW. of Attlebrid-c, & eston, Northmen, near Corby. Weston Nouham p. near Weldon. Weston, Nutt.’ W E S between Tuxford and Carleton. Westor. Mnopf near Bridgnorth. Weston, Shropi • of frees. Weston , Shronf civ . ‘c p \tP ,y est on > Mir t V of frees. Weston, Shropf. SW. o r e f"’,C t0 P f ' '*«— Sto JjV ? eSt0 "’ Somcfetf nca r^s^Nw.ofslte^ , S ‘ °* B <-’ccles. Weston, Surry, in Albuiy parrfh, near Box!,i!i. We tol S kr f !n>Ury ’ lVcstm ' Vorkfi NIV N t n , Malto "; Vorkfliire, M VV . of Otley. Weston- Bampfidd, So- nierfctf. near Queen-Camel. Weston. ‘fdger, N. of Hereford. Weston- Port, Gloucef. 3 mtles.SW. of Tethury. We - jJ'V ' Shr °P ftire . S- of Brmvn-Clce- Hid. Weston Colvil, Camb. E. of Coe. .nagog-HiHs, 11 miles from Cambridge. l‘esfon Coyne, y . Slat!', near CureiVdl, hero are brine- pits, with fait (which is made by a mineral that, the water uidlis through) reckoned as good for all' ufes as any in England. Weston- Ptax-dC near Northampton. Weston-Green, Surry, in tlcpanlhof 1 hames-Ditton. Weston- in-, tn dinP- "“■•Bulkington. Weston iH.Me-7/myfa Warwickf. nearChcriton. Weston- Jones, Staff, near Norbury. Wes- tori. Kings, Gloucef. in Hen limy parilh, between the Avon and the Seve rn It commands a fine view of feveral counties, i ns well as of the city of Briftol, the {hip. Ping ,n the Severn, Kirafs-Road, Lc ‘ W^ton-Lazireuce, Gloucef. N. of King's : f df ?B- Heston, North, Oxfordf. Q miles l fromfmne. Weston, Old, Hwntmgd. E. , of Lnngton. Weston-on- the Green, Ox- forudnre, near Bicefrer. Weston, P a i i r , iants SYYk of Odiliam. We, ton, 6 °f l ; E- of E ling ton . Weston J Subedge, Clone, a mile YV. of Campden. ■^esfm.snhter-tmele,/, Warwick^ S. of H etheley-Yi ood. Weston-super-Mare, bomerfetfhire, near the Severn, between the Hat- holms and Sucp-liolms. West' n- t°n. Clone, in Mai 0) field parilb, was for- merly a didincf parifh, called St. Pan eras. Jsston-'l until, Bucks, near Aylefburv. h Mon-under- UscarcU Staff, near Blim- hi!.. b esf on- wider- P l nurd, Herefordf. AE. o; Kofs. Weston- under-Wood, Buck% near °ulney. Weston- und r-Ji ooa, NW. of Derby. Weston upon- Avon, - Gloucef. 4 miles YY . of Stratford upon- A von. tri’ston-upc'n-Trcnt, SE. of Derbv Wes- ' ton- upon- Trent, Staff. N. of im-efliv. It eston- Worth, Dorfetf. a mile SYV. of Wortlv, iu Purbeck-Hlc. Weston Zou- tand, So m erf. Westover, Hants, in the Aew i oreft. Westover, Ifle of Wight, m YV . Medina. W E S W E T IV. Medina. Westport , Wilts, near Malmfbury. West parley Dorfetlhire, 6 miles SE. of W inborne. ^ Westphalia, named originally from the people inhabiting between the Wefer and the Rhine, who were called W eft- phalians (the anticnt Saxons, m general, being divided into W'.citphalians, Angri- ans, and Enftphalians) one of the circles of Germany, bounded on the E. and S. bv the circles of Lower Saxony and Up- per and Lower Rhine j on the W. by the United Provinces; and on the N. by the German Ocean, and circle of Lower Saxony. The air is cold, but the foil produces paftures and fome corn, though there are a great many marlhes. 1 he borfes are large, and the hogs are in high efteem, efpecially the hams, known by the name of W eft ph alia hams. ^1 he prin- cipal rivets are the W efer, the lianbs, the Lippc, and the Roer. It contains the fovereign bifhoprics of Ofnaburgh, Mun- frcr, and Paderborn, the abbeys of Corvey, Stablo, Ellen, and Verden, the princi- pality of Minden, the counties of Haven f- lutrg, Teckkr.burg, Ritburg, Lippc, Spie^leberg, Schawenburg, Hoye, Die- phoit, Delmenhord, Oldenburg, Emb- den, or Eaft Eriefland, Benthcim, and Mark'; the cities of Cologne and Aix-ln- Chapelle; the town of Dortmund^; and the duchies of Juliers, Berg, and Cl eyes; with fome f mailer Rates and figniones. The diets of the circle are ufually ap- pointed at Cologne, but the archives are kept at DufTeldorf. Westphalia, the Duchy of, in the circle of Lower Rhine, S. of M under and Lippe,and E. ol Berg and Mark; it is about 40 miles in length, and near 30 in breadth, and is pretty much a mountain- ous country, full of wood, but moderate- ly fertile, producing corn,' cattle, -game, and fiffi, with plenty of iron ore, lead, ^alamy, copper, and diver, with falt- fprings, dec. It is divided into 3 parts, called the IJellwegge , the Hoar sir ank , and tiie Suderlamk, or Sour land. 1 lie fird of thel'e is low; the fecond dands fomewhat higher between the other two; ana the third confills of lulls and vales. The principal rivers are the Ruhr, the Lenne, the l)imel, and the Lippe. It is fubject to the archbifbops and electors of Cologne, who governed it by mar- - Thais till the year 1442, but, at prefent,* it is under the direddon of an dedtpral bailiff. Brilon is the capital. "We st point, a town of Virginia, dtu- ateo? on the York river, 35 miles K. of R abmond. * W'ESTPORT, a fea-port of Mayo, bi- Connaught, feated on a fmall river, whofe mouth here forms a fine bay within Clew bay, 8 miles W . of Cadlebar. Westra, one of the Orkney Iflands, containing about 1300 inhabitants. It i» about 8 miles long, and from one to three broad, and is dtuated 9 miles NNE. from the ifiand of Pomona. There are two doops, of 70 or 80 tons burden, be- longing to this ifiand, chiefly employed in carrying kelp to market ; and there is a o-ood harbour, for fmall veflels, on the MV. coad. Westram. Sec Westerham. West rip, Gloucefterf. near Tetbury. Westrogothia. See Gothland. Westrop, N orthamptonlhirg ; Tq Astro p. Westrop , Wilts, near Highworth. West Tineham ; fee Tinhorn . U est Wanly and its Forest, Cumb. SW. of Carlifle. West- well, Kent, 3 miles N. of A fit ford. H' est- wdl, Oxf. near Burford. Westivich near Cambridge. Westwick , Durham, SE. of Barnard- Cadle. Westwick , Hevtfordfhire, near Kemdead. West wick, Norf. near Lynn. Westwood, Dorfetfhire, in Pur- beck-Ifle. Westwood, Wore, near Droit- wich. Westwood, Line, in Axholm IHe. Westwood, Northumberl. on the I ill, E. of Woolcr. Westwood, Surry, NW. of Civil ford. Westwood , Wilts, near Brad- ford. W elm- II all, Chef, near Torperley. Weterslades, Northumb. NW. of Tin- mouth. Wethele , Warw. W. of Arrow; has a chapel dependent on the church of Kinwarton. Wether al , Cumb. near Car- lille, formerly a monadery, the gate of which, with a fine elliptic arch, dill re- mains. Near it are 3 remarkable cells, communicating with each other by means of a gallery in trout. I hey are cut out of the folid rock, about 40 feet above the level of the river which wadies- the bot- tom of the rock, and are very difficult of accefs. The only way to come at them is by a narrow and difficult pafs; from whence there is a perpendicular afrent of about 7 feet, which could only be fur- mounted by means of a ladder, which the perfon amending might draw up after him. Weteravia, or Wettlraw, a country of Germany, fituated between Jicffe and the river Maine, and fo named from the river Wetter, which rifes in the county of Soims, and runs into the river Nidda at Affenheim. The northern part is called Weltorwald. * Wetherby, a fmall, trading town ’in the WE Riding of Yorkfhire, ieateef on the river Yv harfc, 4 miles NW. of Xadcalicf, WET W E Y Tadcatfer, 14 S. by W. of York, and 180 N. by W. of London. Market on Thursday. Wether den, SuflP. E. of Wuipit. JV eth- er ing set, Suff. near Mendlelham. Weth- er ley, Leicef. SW. ofBofvvorth. Wethers - dale, Suffolk, SE. ofHarlefton. Wethersfield, a town in the ftate of Connecticut, 4 miles S. of Hartford, ft is noted for railing- onions. Wethersfield , Efiex, E. of Thaxted. Wethihill, Soinerf. S. of Dunfter. Wethi - ton, NE. of Shrevsbury. Weting , All- Saints, and Si. Mary, Norfolk, between Thetford and Methwould, near Brandon Ferry. In its fields is a fine, green way, called Walfingham Way, being the road which the pilgrims palled, when they went to vifit our lady of Walfingham. Here is an ancient fortification, fuppofed to be Danifh, of a femicircular term, with a double rampart and ditch ; its area conlills of about -12 acres, in which are a great number of pits, regularly contigu- ous to each other, fo deep and numerous ' as to be capable of receiving and conceal- ing a final 1 army. Here are alfo the ve- nerable remains of a fquare caftle of flint, moated. Wett^R, a lake of Sweden, in E. Gothland, to the SE. of Lake Wenner, It is about 65 miles in length, and from 10 to 16 in breadth. It is much higher than either the Baltic or the North Sea, and is deep and clear, but very boif- terous in winter. Its outlet is by the liver Motala. Wetter, a town of Mark, in Weft- phalia, and a town of Heffe, 6 miles NW. of Marburg, in the circle of Upper Rhine. Wetting, a town of Magdeburg, in Lower Saxony, fitnated on the Saale, 34 miles S. of Madgeburg. In the neigh- bourhood are fome coal mines. Wettingen, a town of Baden Coun- ty, in Switzerland, fituated on the river Lmnnat. over which it has a celebrated year 1693. It is fituated on the river Lalm, 45 miles E. of Coblentz. Wevelsjield, Sufiex, 12 miles S. of Eaft Grinfread. Wever, a river in Chefhire, which runs into the Dee, about 7 miles N. of Chefbr. Wever , a river in Devon- ff.ire, which runs into the Columb, be- low Bradninch. IVevcham, Chef, on the river Wever, W. of Northwich. Wever- thorp, Yorkfhire, NW. of Kilham. We- very, a river in Brecknockfhire, which runs into the Wye, near Health. Weversley , Middlefex, between Harmondfworth and Cowley. Wexcomb, Wilts, SE. of Sa- vernake Forefi. M exford, a county of Ireland, in the province of Munfier, about 3 9 miles m length, and 20 in breadth, bounded on the N. by Wicklow ; on the E. by St. George’s Channel 5 on the S. by the At- lantic Ocean; and on the W. by Carlow, Waterford, and Kilkenny. Though not mountainous, it contains a large propor- tion of coarfe, cold land, andftiff clay; yet many parts, however, are fertile in , corn and grafs. The principal rivers are t i ' e Barrow and the Slaney. It contains 109 parifhes. * Wex ford, a fea-port of Ireland, ca- pital of a county of the fame name. Ad- joining it is the barony of Forth, the in- habitants of which, defeendants of an an- cient Britifh colony, retain their native language, manners, and many fingular cuftoms, till this day. Wexford was once ( reckoned the chief city in Ireland, being j the firft colony of the Englifh, and is ftill i a large, handfome town, with a beautiful and commodious harbour, but not deep <; enough for large veflels. Much woollen ; cloth is manufa&ured in the town and neighbourhood. The inhabitants are about 9000. It is featedat the mouth of the ri- ver Slaney, 63 miles S. of Dublin. Lat. 52. IS. N. on. 6 . 29. W. Wexham, Bucks, between Beacons- field and Colebrook. Wooden bridge (executed by the fame ar- chitect who built the bride e over the Rhine, at Schaffhaufen), one mile S. of Baden. Wettleton, Shropf. on the river Onny, NW. of Ludlow. Welt on. Staff, near Grindon. In its parilh is. Eaton Hill, whore copper ore is dug. J ' Wetwang, ^ erkf. E. Riding, between Wilton and Kilham. Wetwood, Nortbumb. in Vefey barmy. Weizcood, \ orkfhire, near Leers. V\ etzlar, an imperial town in the circle of Upper Rhine. I lere are held. the jnCetings.of the imperial chamber, which- were rerpoved hthcr from Spire, in the Wexio, afea-portof Sweden, in Sma- land, feated on the Helga Lake, which contains a group of woody iflands, 50 miles W . of Cal mar. 'This town, though a bifhop’s fee, is exceedingly finall; the houfes are moftly of wood. Wey, a river of Dorfetlhire, which runs into the fea at Weymouth. Wey., a river of Surry, which rifes in Hampfhire, wa- ters Guilford, and enters the Thames at Wcybridge. It has been made navigable to Guilford and Godalmin, and a canal has been lately cut from it to Bafingftoke in riampfhire. W eyeridg.e, a village of Surry, fitu- ated ^ W H A iated at the conflux of the rivers W ey and Thames, 9 miles SW. Kingfton, and 20 SW. of London. JVeyhill, Hants, 3 miles W. of Ando- ver. Its fair on O&ober 10th, is reckon- ed the largell in England for ftore Ihcep, Suflex and Kentilh hops, Wilts, Somerfet, and Gloucefter cheefe, leather, &c. * Weymouth, a clean, agreeable, improved, and well- frequented fea-port town of Dorletfhire, feated at the mouth of the Wey, and incorporated with Mel- comb-Regis, with which it communicates by means of a drawbridge. Its port is in- jured by the fand, from which circum- Pance its trade, which was once very con- fiderable, is now much reduced ; it fends, however, fome fhips to Portugal and Newfoundland. There is, likewifc, a great refort of company hither, for the purpofe of fear bathing, for which it is ex- cellently fitted by its remarkably fine beach, and the foftnefs of its air. Here is a cuftom-houfe, and a good quay. A few plain and ftriped cottons are made here. Markets on Wednefday and Fri- day. See Melcom b-.R e g i s . Weymouth, a town of Maflachufetts, 5 miles S. of Bofton. IVhaberley , Warw. in Stonelev parifh. Whaddon, and its Chace, near the Oufe, NE. of Buckingham. Whaddon, Catnb. 3 miles NE. of Royfton, 10 miles from Cambridge. Whaddon , 4 miles S. of Gloucefter. Whaddon , Wilts, near Melk- fham. Whaddon, Wilts, near Alderbury. Whalay , Derbyfiure, near Bolfover-Caftle. Whale , Wcihnorland, in Lowther parifh. Whalesborough, Cornwall, near Stratton. Whaley, Lancaf. near Prefton ; has a bridge over the Ribble. Whalton , North- umberland, near Oglc-Caflle. Whalton , Long, Leicefterf. NW. of Loughborough. Whaplade Drove , Lincoln!', in Holland, among the fens. Wharby , Northumberl. on the river Alow, NW". of Hexham. Wharfe , a river of Yorkfiiire, which rifes among the hills, in the W. part of the county, and runs, with a fwift, impetuous current, moflly to the SE. till it falls into the Oufe, near Tadcafter, about 7 miles below York. Wharlson , Durham, near the Tees, SE. of Barnard- CaftF. Whorl- ton, Yorkf. N. Riding, SW . of Stokelley. Wharznbtf-Ha.il, Yorkf. SE. of Halifax. Wham ford , Stafford (hire, N. of Leek, near the river Dane. Wharram-on-the- Street, and Wharram-Piercy, Yorkfiiire, SE. of New Malton. Wharrington , Dur- ham, SW. of Wearmouth. Wharton Hall, Weftmorl. S. of Kirby-Steven, near the river Eden, now moltly in ruins. w H E Whaston , Yorkfiiire, 3 miles from Rich- mond. Whaico/, Warwickf. W. of Ty- foe. Whatcrojt , Chefnire, SE. of North- wich. * Whateley , Oxfordf. near Water- Perry, has a bridge over. the Thames. Whatfield, Suff. N. of Hadley. What- ley, Eiiex, near Raleigh. Whatley, So- nierf. by the fircam called Whatley Wa- ter, which falls into the river Frome, 2 miles NW. of Frome. Whatley, War- wickfiiire, NW. of Alherfion. Whatoga, a town of N. America, in the Tennafiee government, 40 miles S. of Knoxville. Whalton, Nottinghamfhire, on the river Snite, SE. of Bingham. Wheat croft, Derbyshire, in Scarfdale. Wheathamptdn , Wilts, on the edge "of Salilbury-Plain, towards Caine. Wheathampstead, Herts, N. of St. Alban’s, on the river Lea. It is plcafantly feated on high ground. The church is of the cathedral fafhion, and feems the oldeft in the county. In it are the remains of the Popifh image, called the Rood, which is turned into the clerk’s deik. WheathiU, Somerfetf. 5 miles from Bruton and Somerton. Wheatley, Yorkf. on the Don, 2 miles N. of Doncafier. Whedtley Hill, Durham, between Durham and I ltd lam. Wheatley, N. and S. Nottingh. near Claerhorough. Wheaton - Aston, Shrcpflure, SE. of Wen lock, on a river that runs into the Severn. Wheeler , a river in Denbighftiire, which runs into the Cluyd, below Potuary, about 3 miles N. of Denbigh. Wheeloch, Chef, on the river Wheeloch, near Sandha’ch. This river, after a courfe of about 12 miles from Mowcap Hill, runs into the Dan, by Crookltone, a little above the former vil- lage. Whelbech , S. of Shrewsbury. ! Hi el- drake, SE. of York. Whelers , Effex," near Bentley. W he! er- Street, Surry, NW: of Godalmin. Whelham-Greeh , Herts, near Colney- Hatch. Whelp-Castle, ruins near Kirhy-Thore, in W efimorland. Whelpington, West , Northumberland, near Kirk- Whelpington. WheUham, Magna and Parva, Suffolk, SE. of Bury When by, Yorkf. S. of Hovingham. Wlicp- stead, Suffolk, S. of Bury. The fpirc of its church was blown down by the great wind, at the death of Oliver Cromwell. W her sled , Suffolk, near Jpfwich. Whcr- zc'ell, Hants, on the river Tefte, near An- dover. Wheston, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Wheston, Middlesex, between Friarn-Barnet and E. Barnet. Whetacfc', All Saints and St. Peter s, Norfolk, W. of Lay ft off. Whet acre. Upper and Lozcer, W arwickfliire, N. of Bourn, and NE. W H I ©f Cofefliill. Whefston , or IVliUst&nlon , SE. of Wofcefter. IVhelstoh, near the Soare, SW. of Leicefter. Whetlal, Shrop- shire, *SE. of Ellefmere. IVhcttlc, Shropf. E. of B i own- Cl ee- Hill. Wheyk , Here- to rdf. NE. of Leominfter, Whichbury , W ilts, £. of Salifoury. IVhichcot-Cha- pi A Shropf. N. of Ludlow. IV hick nor, Stafford!. NE. of Lichfield, near the con- flux of the rivers Blythe and Trent 3 re- markable for the tenure by which it. is held, flmilar to that of Dun mow, in EL fex, with this addition, that the party, be- ing a freeman, was to have, befides the flitch of bacon, half a quarter ofwheat, and a chcele 3 if a villane, only half a quarter of rye. The prize, however, does not ap- pear to have been often claimed. Which - wood- Forest, Oxfcrdfhire, between Charl- bury and Bnrford. PVhicklemith, Lan- tafhire, on the Irwell, SW. of Manches- ter. Whidah, a kingdom of Guinea, on t'lie Slave Coaft, extending about 10 miles along the fea, and 7 miles within land. It is a remarkably populous country, well furnifhed with large villages 3 and there are jfo manyfmall ones, that they are not above a mulket fhot diftance from each other. One tingle village frequently contains as many inhabitants as fcveral entire king- doms on the coatl of Guinea. This fmall kingdom is divided into 26 provinces. The houfes are fmall, round at the top, and en- compafled with mud walls, or hedges. The trees are tall, ftraight, and dilpofed in re- gular order, prefen ting to the eye tore long groves and avenues, clear of brnfh- wood and weeds. All the Europeans, who have been here, fpeak of the country with rapture, and extol it as a perfect paradife. A. perpetual ipring and autumn tucceed each other. The fields are always ver- dant, and being planted with beans, po- tatoes, fruits, and roots, and covered with a multitude of houlcs, form one of the find! profpefts in the world. The na- tives low again the very next day aft r they have reaped, and yet the ground is not worn out 3 the next crop putting forth with the fame vigour as the former, as if nature here wore inexhauftible. The women 'brew the beer, d refs the victuals, ami fell all forts of commodities at the marl^t. Thole that are rich employ their wives and Haves in tilling the land, ami. they carry on a confiderable trade with the product, as wed as in Haves. The natives exceed all other negroes in civili- zation, induftrv, and vigilance, and em- ploy themfclvcs in fcveral kinds of manu- factures. They 1 pin cotton vara, weave a w PI I fine cotton cloth, make calabafles, wood* en veffels, plates, difhes. See. and do fmith’s work in greater perfection than any other people on the coaft. The vitq^ of circumcifion is ufed here, but they are not able to tell whence it is derived. Their principal idols are fnakes, ’and particularly the Jetiche, a fnake with a large, round, beautiful head, a fhort, pointed tongue, refembling a dart, and a fharp, fhort tail 3 it is adorned with beautiful colours, on a light, grey ground. It is How and folcmi* in its pace, except when it feizes .on its prey, when it is quick and rapid. They have a mortal antipathy to venomous fer- pents, attacking them wherever they find them. They are amazingly tame and fa- miliar, the natives and Europeans han- dling and playing with them, without dread or apprehenfiori of danger. When the Englifh firfl fettled in Whidah, afii- lor, juft arrived, found a fnake in the ma- gazine belonging to the factory, and kill ing it* without fcruple, threw it on the bank. The negroes, who fbon difeovered the faerdege, and had it confirmed by the acknowledgment of the Englifh, aL fem bled all the inhabitants of the pro- vince, and m* ft acred thefadtors to a man ; confirming their bodies and goods in the fire they had fet to their warehoufe. They have oxen, cows, goats, fheep, hogs, tur- keys, ducks, and hens, which laft are ex- tremely plentiful. There are many ele- phants, buffaloes, tigers, feveral kinds ol deer, and a fort of hares. The fruits are citrons, lemons, oranges, bananas, tama- rinds, &c. and they have vaft numbers of palm-trees, from which they obtain wine. The king of Whidah, who is only their chief, refines at Sabi, or Xabier, which is the principal province of the kingdom, as the city of the fame name is capital of the whole. The villages or fmall Hates are, fome the king’s, others the viceroy’s, and others arc built and peopled by parti- cular lords, and become hereditary in their families. Their trade confilts of elephants’ teeth, wax, honey, and the perfons of men. The Englifh fadtory is about 20(* miles NE. of Cape Coaft Gallic, within land. IVhidbeck, Cumberl. S. of Ravenglafs. Whiddy- island, in Cork, Manlier, lies oppofite to Ban try, and is a pleafant fpot, of a triangular form, having a good deer- park, plenty of rabbits, an excellent foil, and fome good orchards. IVhikenby , Line. S. of Market-Raid n. Whihhari, Durham, SW. of Newcaftje- upon- Tyne. Whildcn , So Hex, NE. of Brighthelmllonc. WhillatLS - W H I W h i Hans- Rocks, in Down, Ulfter, «n Crofs-Ifland, between the mouths of Larne and Glenarm Bays; IVhillon, Northamp. 3 miles from Da- ventry. Whimple y Devonf. near St. Ma- ry's- Ottery. Whinborough, Norfolk, S. cf Eaft Dereham. Whinfell , Weftmorl. near Grayrigg, in the parilh of Kendal, filiin- field-Hall and Park , Weftm. between Or- ton and Kendal. I Vhippingham , Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Whipsnade, De- von!. near Market-Street. Whisky, SW. of Lincoln. Whiston, Northampton f. near Gryndon. Whiston , Staff.. W. of Penk- ridge. Whiston , Staff', between Cheadle and Waterfall. Whiston , near Worceffer. Whiston , Yorkf. near Rotherham. Whit- bach, Shropfhire, n’ear Bifhop’s-Caffle. Whitbeck, Cumberl. a mile W. of Whit- ehall). Whithorn- Lcsard, Durham, S. of Shields. Whithorn Palace, Ileref. on the Teme, W. of Worceffer. Whitby , NW. bf Chefter. * Whitby, a well-built town, in the N. Riding of Yorkfhire, commodioufly feated near the mouth of the river Efk, 4 6 miles NE. by E. of York, and 243 N. of London. It is a confiderablc fea-port, building many fhips for the coal-trade, tuid employing many others in the ex- port of coals, canvas, butter, tallow, hams, bacon, and fifh. It is a tide- haven, al- moft dry at low water, neither has it any river communication with the inland country. It is much frequented by col- lier-!, and has at leaft 100 veflels belonging to it, of 100 tons, or more, burden. Se- veral fhips are fent thence to the Green- land fifherv. On December 24, 1787, at midnight, an akrming event took place here. By the fbrinking of fome of the high ground, or cliff', near the fea, an efplanade, 300 yards long and 80 in breadth, on which a regular ft reet had been built, ffnee the year 1761, was over- turned and overwhelmed- The build- ings (to the number of- 130, containing above a thoufand inhabitants) were eighty feet above the margin of the fea, founded on a ffrong, new-built quay. One hun- dred and ninety-fix families became defti- tute of houfe, five, or food \ but the doors of the humane were thrown open, and every comfort adminiftered. One perfon, whofe rental amounted to 1001. annually, could no more find the place where his property flood. In the neigh- bourhood are large alum works. Market on Saturday. Whitcham , or Whittingham , Cumberl. near Milium-under T Blackcomq. Whit - diester, Northumb. W hitch ford , Warw. W ii I near Long Compton. Whitchurch, Bucks, near Wing/ Whitchurch , Devonf. SE. of Tavrffock. Whitcjiurch, Dorfetf. W. of Bridport. It has a large and ancient church, in which are foine very antique monuments. Whitchurch , Dorfetfhire, E. of Middleton. Whitchurch, Durham, NE. of Bifhop Auckland. Whitchurch , Herefordf. between Monmouth and Roi's. Whitchurch ; fee Stanmore Little . Whit- church, Oxfordf. near Maple-Durham. * Whitchurch, a town of Hamp- fhire, confifdng principally of one flreet, lately much enlarged and beautified, - It contains about 300 houfes, among which are two well-accommodated inns, with a manufacture of fhalloons, ferges, &c. and an exclusive one of- paper, for the idle ule of the bank of England, long veiled in. the family of Porthall. The fi motion is low. It is 24 miles NE. of Salifbury, and 68 W. by S. of London. Market on Friday. * Whitchurch, a large, pleafant^ and populous town of Shropfhire, with, a free grammar- fchool. In its church, among other monuments of the Talbots, is one of Sir John, thefirff; earl of Shrewf- bury of that name. He was to valiant, and his name {truck fo much terror in France, that he was ffiled the Englifh Achilles ; neither durfl any man of that age encounter him fin gle- handed. It is fituated near a large meer, from the co- lour of its water called Blackmeer, 20 miles N. of Shrewfbury, and 164 NW. of London. Market on Friday. Whitchurch, Somerf. between Pensford and Briftol. Whitchurch , Warw;. on the Sour, near Alderminfler. Whitchurch , Wilts, SE. of Clarendon- Park. Whit- church, Wilts, near Malmfbury. Whit- church, Yorkf. 3 miles from Leeds. Whitchurch, in Waterford, M uniter. Whitchurch , in Cork, Munf'ter. Whitcliff, Dorfetf. near Swanwich-Bay. Whiteclose, Cumberland, S. of Gilfiand, Whitcomb, Dorfetf.. 2 miles S. of Stafford. Whitcomb, Somerfetf. SW. of Iicheffer. Whitcot , Shropt. S. of Norbury. Whit- cot, Evan and Kisset, Shropf. near Clun- Caffle. Whitdown , Somerfetfh. White- barns, Hertfordf. near Fumeaux-Pelham. Whitebread-Hill, Middlef. in Tottenham parifn. White-Castle , Monm. between Michael-Church and Monmouth. White- Chapel, Devonf. near Rawffon and Ny- mer. While den, Sufl’ex, near Backburlt. Whitedown, Surry, near the hills that rujn from Dorking to Guilford, whence they carry chalk into the heart of Sufiex. White- End, Glouc. near Alhelworth. White- 3 K feHt W H I field Castle , Northumberland, near Lit* tie Chetters, at the junction of two rivers, one of which is the Allen. White- Gate, Chef. S. of \ r ale Royal. Whitehall , Camb. pear Wifbeach. White- Hart Forest ; fee Blakcmore. * White haven, a large, populous, rich, and improving town of Cumber- land, with a good artificial harbour, de- fended by a long pier. It has its name from the white cliffs near it, both to the N. and S. which fhelter the harbour from tempefls. It contains about 16,000 in- habitants, and employs near S00 (hips. Ship-building, and the accompanying manufactures of ropes, fail-cloth, &z. are carried on here very extenfively, and there are alio copperas works, which yield con- fidefable profit; but the working of the coal-mines forms the principal bufiutfs of the place. Thefe arc funk to the depth of 130 fathoms, and carried to a vaft dif- tancc under the fea, where veifels of large ' burthen ride at anchor. From thefe, a great part of Ireland, and other places, are fupplied with coal, from which the proprietor. Lord Lonfdale, derives a re- venue of about 16,0001. a year. A good deal of bufinefs is alfo done in the foreign and coafting trade from this port. In the year 1566, it had but fix houfes, and one fifhing-boat; and, in 1582, it had only 12 fmall veflels. Whitehaven is feated chiefly in a valley, between two fteep hills, 13 miles SW. of Cockermouth, and 305 NW. of London. Market on Thurfday. WhitehaUghi Stafford!. SE. of Leek. Whitehill , Cumb. in the Holm. White- Hill, Surry, near Godftone. .Whitehorn, a town ofWigtonfhire, in Scotland, containing about 1890 inha- bitants, of which number 75T3 live in the town, and the remainder in the country part of the parifh. This is a place of great antiquity, having been a Roman Ration, the capital of a Britifh people called Novanf.es, and the firff bifhop’s fee (or faid to have been fo) in Scotland. It is 8 miles S. pfWigton. Whitehorn, a fmall ifland of Scot- land, near the SE. coaff of the county of Wig-ton. Lat. 54. N. fVhite- Horse-Hill , Berks. White-Horse- Hill, Wilts. White- blouse, Durham, 3 miles from Darlington. Whiiekirk , a village in Haddingtonfhire, 4 miles SE. of N. Berwick. White Ladies , Shrnpf. near, Tong Caftle, where are fome confiderable ruins of an extenfive monaftery. fuppofed, from the arches in the church walls, to have been Saxon. Near it is the oak w h r where Charles II. was fecreted after his defeat at Worcefter. White- Lady- Aston, ' SE. of Worcefter. WhiteleaJ- Cross, | Bucks, near Wendover, in the parifh of Monks Rifborough. It is 100 feet high, , from 50 to 20 broad, and the beam t 70 feet, cut in a chalk hill, on a large l bafe. It is aferibed to fome vidlory ob- tained by the Saxons, over the Danes, in i the beginning of the 10th century, j Whiteley , Northumberland, W. of Wark- worth. White-Mountains, the higheftpart ’ of a ridge of mountains in the ftate ©f > New Hamplhire, in N. America. They ' extend NE. and SW. to a length not yet afeertained. The height of thefe moun- : tains, above the adjacent meadow, is rec- ' koned, from obfervations made in 1784, to be 5,500 feet ; and the meadow is 3,500 feet above the level of the fea. The fnow - and ice cover them n ne or ten months in the year, during which time they exhibit that bright appearance from which they are denominated the White Mountains. Li From their furnmit, in clear weather, is a grand view, extending 60 or 70 miles in every direction. Although they are 70 miles within land, they are fecn many leagues off’ at fea, and appear like an ex- 1 ceedingly bright cloud in the horizon. 1 Their higheft fummit is in about lat. 44, 1 degrees N. Whitenorih, Dorfetf. two leagues from | Weymouth. White-parish , Wilts, NE. ; of Downton. Whiierigg , Cumberland, u in Torpcnhow parifh. White Sea, a bay of the Frozen J Ocean, in the N. part of Ruflia, on the J E. fide of which ftands the city of Arch- J angel. Whiteside, Yorkfhire, on the Swale, W . of Richmond. White Smith , Sufl'ex. I Whitewater, a river in the Ifle of Man, which runs into the fea at Douglafs. White Water, a river in the coun- b ty of Forfar, which runs into the Efk. Whiteway, East, Dorietfnire, in Pur- beck Ifle, NW. ofBradel. Whitfield, a town of N. Carolina, I 40 miles W. of Newburn. Whitfield , Derby (hire, in the High I Peak. Whitfield, Dorfetf. in White- | chufch parifh. Whitfield, Gloucef. in \ Dcerhurft parifh. Whitfield, Ifle of YV iglit, i in E. Medina. Whitfield , Northampt. | NE. of Bracklcy. Whifidd, Northumb. f NE. of Kirkhaugh. Whi/efield, Oxf. j near Tetfworth. Whitfield- Hall, North- * umberland, in Allendale, by the river j Allen. Wi lit ford, Worcefterfh.re* near a Biouilgrove. Whit gift , Yorkfhire, near j Marfhland. 1 ■W H I W H I Marfliland. Whit grove, N. of Stafford. Whither $t , Kent, near Marden. Whi- ting Fursh, Devon f. in Alefbear pa- rifh. Whitkirk, Yorkfhire, near Leeds. Whitland , or Forge, Carmarthenf. 5 miles W. of St. Clere. Here is a confiderable iron-work. Whitlaton , Cumberland, near A lft on Moor. Whitlow, or Whitlath, Northumberland, near Tinmouth. Whit- tlebury , Northampt. in Whittlewood Fo- reft, about 9 miles long, from the river Oufe, on the SW. to the NW. end of Wapenham Wood, and 3 broad, of which the firft duke of Grafton, who has an elegant houfe here, called Wakefield Lodge, was appointed hereditary ranger, in the year 1685. Whittle in the Woods, and Whittle Welsh, Lane, near Chorley. Whitley , Berks, S. of Reading. Whitley , Warw. near Coventry, a little above the conflux of the Shirburn and Sow ; it is now reduced to only the manor houfe, with an old chapel, and a mill. Whitley , Warw. near Henley in Arden. Whitley, Wilts, in Melkfham parifh. Whitley, W orcef. near the Severn, 5 miles from Bewdley. Whitley , Yorkf. E. of Ponte- fradl. Whitley, and its Park, Surry, S W. of Godalmin. Whitley Bach , Somerfetf. near Benager. Whitley Castle, Cumb. at the conflux of the Alon and Tyne. Here are the remains of a large town, with evi- dent traces of old fortifications, and other marks of antiquity. Whitley Castle , Northumberl. NW. of Alfton Moor. Whitley- Hall, V orkf. near Almondbury. Whitley- House, Wilts, N.of Cain. Whitley Sheals, Northumberland, E. of Alfton Moor. Whitley, Upper and Lower, Che- ihire, 4 miles from North wich. Whitmarsli, Warw. near the river Leame, 6 miles NW . of Southam. Whitminster, Glou- cefterf. 5 miles W. of Painfwick. Whit- more, Staff, on the river Sow, SW. of ' Newcaftle-under-Line. Whitmore, W arw. ?. woody, moorifti trad: between Coven- try and Nuneaton. Whitney, Heref. on the Wye, $E. of Michael Church. Whit- ridge, Curnb. in Boulnefs parifli, near Solway Frith. Whilri-'ge Lees, Cumb. in Aketon parifh. Whitsand, Norfolk, near Swaffham. Whit sand- Bay, Corn- wall, at the Land’s End. W/iitsbury, Plants, NW. of Fordingbridge. Whit sun-Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the S. Pacific Ocean, about 30 miles long and 8 broad. It was dif- covered by C aptain Wallis on Whitfun- day, 1.767. Lat. 15. 44. S. Ion. 163. 25. E. Whitstable, Kent, near the fea, 5 miles N. of Canterbury. Whitstanton , Somer- fetf, SW. of Chard. Whitston, Cornw. near Stratton. Whitston, Devonf. W. of Exeter. Whitston, Monmouthf. NE. of Newport-Haven. Whittecham, Cumb. SE. of Ravenglafs. Whittle , Northum- berland. SW. of Alnwick. Whittonditch , Wilts, NE. of Marlborough. Whitten- ston, Northumberl. SE. of Chollerton. Whittenston , Staff, in Kin fare parifh. Whittingham , Lancaf. in Amoundernefs. Whittingham, Northumberl. W. of Aln- wick, lies in a-rich, well- cultivated val- ley, about 4 miles wide. Near it is a Roman mount, called Caftle-IIill, and the ancient houfe called Callaley. Whit- tingham Flail, Suffolk, W. of Halef- worth. Whittington , Derbyshire, N. of Cbefterfield. Whittington, Gloucefterf. .5 miles SE. of Cheltenham, near the fource of the Coin. Whittington , Lane. S. of Kirby Lonfdale. Whittington, Shropf. NE. of Ofweftry. Whittington, Staff', near Lichfield. Whittington , near Wor- cefter. Whittington Grange , NE. of Leicefter. Whittinslaw , Shropfhire, SE. of A cion Scot. Whittle, Derbyfhire, in the High Peak. Whittle, Lancafhire, near Chorley. Here is a quarry of mill- ftones, and a lead mine is worked with fuccefs. Whitlesby Mere, a large lake of Huntingdonfhire, well fupplied with tench, p.ke, perch, and eels. It is formed by a branch of the Nen, SE. of Peterbo« rough. The country abooit it is un- healthy by reafon of fens; but affords abundance of turf for firing, and fome rich pafture. Whittlesey, St. Andrew's and St. Ma- ry s, Camb. in the Great Bedford Level, 27 miles N. by E. of Cambridge. Whitle- sey Dyke, runs between them. It is a ( large village, with two churches, neatly built of hewn ftone, though Handing in a fenny country. Whitton, Durham* NW. of Stockton. Whitton, Northumb. SW. of Alnwick. Whitten, Shropf. SE. of Ludlow. Whitton, Suffolk, near Ipf- wich. Whitton , Whitton Dean, and Whit* ton Place , Middlesex, near Twickenham. Whitton, and Whitton A ’ess, Lined nfffirc, on the H timber, NE. of Burton Stather. Whitwuiri , Northumb. in Langley Ma- nor. Whitweb, Middl. near Waltham Crofs. Whitwell , Derbyf. in Scarfdale; Whitwell, 2 miles from Durham. Whit- well, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Whit- well, Norfolk, S. of Repebam. Whitwell; Rutland, E. of the Vale of Catrrtofe. Whitwell, Weitm. near Great and Little Afhby. Whitwell, A orkf. E. of Sherilf- Hutton. Whiiwick, Leicef. E. of Alhby- de*la-Zou,ch. Whitworth , Durham, S. 3 K 2 of W I B of Brandfpeth Caffle. Whixall , Shropf. W. of Frees. Whixley , Yorkf. NE. of Knarefborough. Wfwr-Eud, Glouccf in Nibley parifli. Whorleton , and its Moor, Northumberland, N. of the Pidfs- Wall and Newburn. Whorncs-Place, Kent, SW. of Rochefler. Wibberson , Bedfordfliire, NE. of Wilden. Wibdm , Gloucef. in Tiddenhatn parifli. I Fiber tm, or Wil- ber (on, Lincolnf. near Bofton. Wiborne , Cumb. on the road between Kefwick and Amblefide. Wibsey , Yorkf. near Brad- ford. IVibtoJt , Warw. in the parifli of £leybrook, in Leiceftcrfhire, fituated at the meeting of the Watling Street and Fofle roads, where, according to tradition, was once a flourifliing city of the Romans, calk’d Cleychefler. Wiburnbury , Chef. SE. ofNamptwich. Wiburg, or Viborskoi, a govern- ment of Ruflia, being the province lately called Ruffian Finland, which was com- prifed in Carelia. It has Finland on the N. and W. and the Lake Ladoga and the government of Olonetz on the E. Be- iides paflures, the country produces rye, oats, and barley,, but not fufficient for the inhabitants. It formerly belonged to the Swedes, and was ceded to the Ruf- fians, partly by the peace of Nyftadt in 1721, and partly by the treaty of Abo, in 1743. This province retains ir«oft of its ancient privileges, with fome occafioual modifications, which have been neceflarily introduced under the hew government. In the governor’s court, bufinefs is tranf- acied in the Swedifh, German, and Ruf- fian tongues. The peafants talk only the Finnilh diale6l ; but the inhabitants of the towns underhand Swedilh alfo, and many of them German. Lutheranifm is the -eflabliflred religion ; but the Greek worfhip has lately been introduced by the Ruffians. Wiburg, or Viborg, a well-forti- fied fea-port town of Ruffia, formerly the capital of Carelia, and now of the govern- ment of Wiburg. A few houfesare con- flrudded with brick; but the greatefi part of wood. They fell planks, tar, tallow. See. chiefly to the Englifli, and import wine, fpices, and fait from France and Holland. The inhabitants are about 9000. It is feated on the N. fide of the Gulf of h inland, G7 miles NNW. of Pe- ter fburgh. Wiburg, a city of Denmark, capital of N. Jutland, the feat of the provincial court, which is held here every month, and the reiidcnce of a governor. It is one of the molt ancient towns in the kingdom, about 2 miles in circumference, w 1 c and contains, at prefent, 3 parifli churches, though prior to the reformation, it had 12 churches, and G convents. It is feated on a lake, called Alin id, near the centre of the province, 95 miles N. of Slcfsvick, and 1 1 0 NNW. of Copenhagen. Wicham , 16 miles from Cambridge. Wichampjord, Worcelterlhire, SW. of F.vefliam. Wichcimpton, Dorfetlhire, near Morechurch. Wichenden, 5 miles from Worcefter. W ichjord, Cambridgefliire, W. of Ely. W ichling, Kent, 2 miles N, of Lenham. Wick, a fea-port and royal burgh of Caithnefslhire, containing about 1000 in- habitants. It is fituated at the mouth of a river of the fame name, 1 3 milesS. of Dunf- bay Mead. The coaft of this parifli con- fills principally of high rocks, underneath which are many creeks and coves, extend- ing up a confiderable way, with hideous caverns, where filhing-boats, however, can harbour, and which abound with a vafi variety of fifli. Wick, Cornwall, NE. of Bofcaftle. Wick, Eflex, SW. of Witham. Wick, Glouceflerf. SW. of Marlhfield. Wick , Somerfetf. near Bruton. Wick, Somerf. near Wells. Wick, Surry, W. of Guil- ford. Wick, Worcefterfliire, near Perfliore. Wickcwford, Worcef. between Evelham and Wnierfley, in Glouceflerlhire. Wick Cncket, Eflex, nearSt. Ofyth. Wick Waryn , Worcef. near Perfliore. Wicke, Shropf. SE. of Wellington. Wickeljord, oxWicks- ford, and More-Hall, Warw. S. of Alcef- tcr. Wicken, Camb. near Burwell. Wick- enficld, Bucks, near Stony Stratford. Wickeridge, Glouceflerf. near Afhelworth. IVickersluck, Weftmorl. near Shap. IFick- ford, Eflex, on the Crouch, SE. of Ramf- den. Wickham , Berks, near Welford. Wickham, Eflex, NW. of Malden. Wick- ham, Hants, on the Beer, near Bilhop's Waltham. Wickham, Herts, near Little Hadham. Wickham, Kent, a mile E. of Fordwich. Wickham, Kent, in the parifhes of Cuckeflen and Stroud. Wickham, Line, near the Walh, NW. of Quaplod. Wick- ham, Lincolnf. SW. of Louth. Wickham , Northumberland, 3. miles from Newcaftle. Wickham , Oxf. near Bloxham. Wickham , Sufi'ex, in Clayton parifli, 8 miles from Lewes. Wickham , Yorkfhire, NE. of New Malton. Wickham and Abbey , Yorkf. near Pickering Foreft. Wickham , or Child's Wickham , Gloucef. fix miles W.jof Canipden. Wickham Bon&nt, or Bonhunt, Eflex, N. of Rickling. Wick- ham Brook, Suffolk, E. of Great and Lit- tle Bradley. Wickham, East , Kent, NE. of Bexley. Wickham W I c Wickham Market, a town of Suf- folk, with federal good inns (b- ing a thoroughfare on the road from W ood- bridge to Yarmouth) and lome tokens of a market on Saturday, which it once had. It is feated on the river £)eben, 4 miles N. of Woodbridge, and 82 NE. of Lon- don. Wickham, St. Paul, Effex, near Wick- ham Bonant. H ickham Skeyth, Suffolk, SW. of Eye. Wickham, West, 10 miles SE. of Cambridge. Wickham, West, Kent, adjoining to Hayes. Wickhampton, Nor- folk, W. of Tunfial. Wickhouse, Middl. near Ofterley. Wickhouse, Middl. near Hackney. Wick ins, Kent, in Charing parifh. Wickins , Northamptonlhire, SW . of Stony Stratford. Wicklewood, Norfolk, near Windham. Wick ley, Northampton- fiiire, near Boughton. Wicklow, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinfter ; bounded on the N. by the county of Dublin, on the E. by the Jrlfh Channel, on the S. by Wexford and a part of Carlow, and on the W. by Kildare and Carlow. It is about 30 mifts in its greateft length, and from 15 to 26 in breadth. It contains 58 parifhes, about 11,550 houfes, and 58,000 inhabitants. Much of it is moun-' tainous and woody, with a mixture of rocks and bogs, yet affording beautiful and romantic views : the valiies, however, are fertile and well cultivated In the hills rich veins of copper and other mine- rals are found, and lately eonfiderable quantities of gold have been difeoyered. * Wicklow, the capital of a'county of the fame name, in Ireland ; feated on the fea fide, with a narrow harbour, at the mouth of the river Leitrim, 24 miles SSE. of Dublin- It is remarkable' for having the heft ale in the kingdom, which, with other provifions fent to Dub- lin, form the principal part of its trade. About a mile and a half to the SE. is Wicklow- Head, on which there are two light-houfes. Wichter, Norfolk, near Wollerton. Wick Risington , Glouceftcrfhirc, S. of Stow on the Would. Wickstreet, Glou- ceftcrlhire, on Painfvvick parifh. Wick's End, and Odbury , Gloucefterfh.re, near Wick ware. Wickware, a very ancient corporate town of Glouccfierfhire. It has a well- endowed fchool-houfe, and is fituated on kwo little ftreams, over one of which it has a h?,ndfome Hope bridge, 17 miles NE. of Br;ftoi, and 111 W. of London. Market on Monday. IVickxzkk , Glouccfterf. a hamlet in the w I E parifh of Erampton Cotterel. Wickwick, Gloucefteri. SW. of Chipping St d >ury. Wic\iiff, Yorkf. SE. of Ban ard Caftte. Wicoler , Lane, near Coin. Widbord Hill, Herts, N. of Hodfon. Widdington, Ef- fex, near Debden. Widdington, a mile SE. of Worcefter. Widdan Friars, SW. of Dorchefter. Widdop Head, Yorkfhire, near Burnley, in Lancafhire. Widdring - ton, Northumberl. between Warkworth and Newbiggin. Widehay, Berks, S. of Hungerford. W id eh ope, or Withop, Cumberl. in Lorton parifh, an extenfive, mountain- ous, and woody trail, with feveral finall hamlets, fcattered about in-differynt parts of it. It extends 4 miles from Cocker- mouth, nearly in a direil line towards Kefwick. The lofty Skiddaw, and the beautiful Vale of Baffin gthwaite, on one fide, and its lake with the diflant hills of Borrowdale on the other, falling off to the horizon, form, from the heights of Wi- thop, a moil grand and beautiful pro- fpedf. Widemouth , Cornwall, W. of Stratton. Widerton, or Wierton House, Kent, ncac Boughton Monchelfea, or Quarry. Wid- ford, S. of Cambridge. Widford, Effex, W. of Chelmsford. Widford, Gloncef. 2 miles E. of Burford, in Oxfordfhire, a parifh entirely furrounded by Oxfordfhire* The river Windrufh is of pretty confider- able breadth here, and is famous far fine trout and cray-fiffi. Widford, Herts, on. the little river A(h, a mile N. of Hoddef. don. Widhill , Wilts, SE. of Cricklade, Widial, Herts, near Buntingford. Widkirk , Yorkfhire, E. of Leeds. Widleigh, Hants, between Southwick and Havant. Wid - mer Pole , Nott. between Stanton and Willoughby. Widmore , Kent, near Bromley Widness, Lancaf. near Weft Darby. Widon, Northumb. SW. of Halt- wiftle. Widrington, Northamptonlhire, between Peterborough and Crbwland. Wid'jcorthy, Devonlhire, E. of Iloniton. Wied, a county of Weftphalia, to the N. of Treves. It is divided into the Lower County, called New Wied, and the hpper County, or Wied llunkel. Wied, or Old Wied, a town of Weftphalia, in the county of New Wied, 9 miles N. of Coblentz. Wiersdale and Forest , a wild, folitary tra£f, SE. ofLancaftcr. Wielicska, a village of 'Cracow, in Poland, Aow com Drift'd within the Auf- trian kingdom of Lodcmeria. It is cele- brated for its fait mines, which lie 8 miles SE. of Cracow. In thefe inexhauftible mines, are feveral finall chapels excavated ‘i K 3 ill W I G in the fait, in which mafs is faid on certain days of the year. One of thefe chapels is above 30 feet long, and 25 broad : an al- tar, a crucifix, with various ornaments and fiatues, are all carved out of the fait. The immenfe fize of the different excavations or chambers, with the fpacious paffages^ or galleries, the chapels above-mentioned, and a fewfheds built for the horfes, which are foddered below, have given rife to the exaggerated accounts of travellers, that theie mines contain feveral villages, inha- bited by colonies of miners, who never fee the light. There is certainly room for fuch purpofes, the mines being of fiupen- dous extent and depth, and dry as a room, without the leaf! damp or moifture. Therp is, however, one Imall fpring of frefh wa- ter, which runs through the mine ; but the miners hnvc no fubterranean dwell- ings, and do not remain below more than 8 hours at a t rue, when' they are relieved by others. Thefe mines have been work- ed above 600 years. Before the partition of Poland, in- 1772, they furnifhed a con- fiderable p n rt of the revenue of the king of Poland, who drew from them an aver- age profit of about 3,500,000 Eolith flo- rins, or 97,7221. 4s. 6d. fterling. Wielun, a town of Poland, in Si- radia. * Wigan, a large and well built town of Lancafhire, with manufactures of cot- ton, rugs, blankets, linen, and with pit- coal and iron- works. That elegant lpe- cies of coal, called Canud , is found in plenty and great perfection, in its neigh- bourhood. Wigan is pleafantly fituated on a fmall ft ream called Douglas, which is made navigable to the Ribble, and is join- ed by a canal from Lancafier, 30 miles S. of Lancafier, an’d 196 NNW. of London. Markets on Monday and Friday. Wiganby , Cumberl. in Akcton parlfii. Wigborough , Great and Little, W. and MW. of Merfey illand. Wigden, So- merfetf. N. of Yeovil. Wigesthorp, North- ampt. NE. of Thrapfion, Wiggenholt , Sufiex, on the river Arun, oppofite to Hatdham. Wiggesley , Nott. E. of'Tux- ford. Wig gey, Surry, NE. of Ryegate. Wig gin. Hunt ngd. N. of St. Ives. Wig- gin Moor , Hun tin gd. NE. of Ramfey. Wigginton, Herts, on a hill, between North-Church and Tring. H'iggingtou , Oxfi near Hook Norton. IViggington , Staff. N. of Tamworth. Wigg ins hall, Warvv. SE. of Sutton Cofield. Wiggin- thorp , Yorkf. N. PC ding, near Buhner Forefi. Wigginton, NW. of York. Wig- glcsicor/h, \ orkf. near the river Ribble, W I G S. of Settle. Wiggold , Gloucefierfnire, a hamlet NE. of Cirencefter. JVighill , Yorkf. on the Wharfe, E of Wetherby. Wight, an ifiand on the S. coaft of Hampfhire, from which it is feparated by a channel, two or three hours fail from Portlinouth, though only about a mile over from Hurft Caftle. it was called by the Britons, Guith, and by the Romans VeCtis, or VeCta. It is about 21 miles in length, and 13 in breadth, containing 5 towns, 30 parifhes, and about 22,000 in- habitants. It is nearly divided into equal parts by tbje river Medeor Medina, which rifes near the fouth coafi, and* falls into the Channel near Cowes. Acrofs the illand, from E. to \\ . runs a ridge of hills, forming a tra*Ct of fine downs, with a chalky or many foil, which feed a great number of fine fleeced ftmep. Rabbits, hares, partridges, wild and tame fowl, &c. are alfo very plentiful here. In the N. parts the land is chief! v pafiure; ia the S. chiefly arable, producing, it is thought, as much corn in one year, as is equal to the confumption of eight. The variety of profpeCts which this illand af- fords, ts mild air, and the neat manner in which the fields are laid out, render it a very delightful fpot. It is devoted al- mofi lolely to hufbandry, having no ma- nufactory hut that of fait, and it is a great refource of the London market for malted barley. Among its exports are a pure white tobacco-pipe clay, and a fine white cryftalline fand, ufed in the manufacture of glafs. The £ea is continually incroach- ing on it on the S. parts, and abandoning it on thd NE. fides. Newport is the prin- cipal town. Wightjield, Gloucef. in Deerhurfi pa- rifh. Wighllinghdin , SE. of Norwich. Wightmere, Staffordf. N. of Burton-upon- Trent. Wigiiton, Norfolk, S. of Wells. Wight IV e sc l, Yorkf. NW. of Sheffield. Wight-dick, Staff, near Wolverhampton. Wiglesdon Moor , Durham, near Darling- ton. Wigleste, Wilts, near Eyerley War- ren. Wig mere, Kent, NE. of Elham. Wigmore, lierefordthire, near the Lug. Wigmore, SW. of Shrewlbury. Wignell, or Wigenhall , Norfolk, in the Marfldand. Wignell, St. Mary's , St. Peter's, St. Magdalen, and St. Margaret's, are four parithes on the W. fide of the Oufe, SW. of Lynn. Wigsell, Kent, near Havvk- hurft. Wigston, Great and Little, S. of Leicefier. Wigtojt, ^mcolnlhire, E. of Dunnington. Wigton, a neat town in Cumberland, feated among the moors, 12 miles SW. of WIL • W I L «f Carlifle, and 304 NNW. of London. Market on Tuefday. WiGTON, a fea- port of Scotland, the county town of Wigtonfhire, containing about 1320 inhabitants in the town and parilh. Here are fome manufactures of plaid and flannel. It is fituatcd on a large bay, to which it gives name, 32 miles W. of Dumfries. Wigtonshire, a county of Scotland, fometimcs called Up per, or West Gal- loway. It is bounded on the N. by Ayrlhire, on the E. by Kifkeudbright- fhire, and on the S. and W. by the irifh Sea. Its greatefl extent, in any dirediion does not exceed 27 miles. The N. part, called the Moors, is naked and mountain- ous. Great numbers of fheep and black cattle are raifed here ; and they have a fmall breed of horfes peculiar to this dif- tridi, called galloways, which are very Itrong and gentle. It is well watered with lakes and flreams, and has feveral commodious creeks and harbours. Wigwall, Derbyf. near Wirkfworth. Wikam , Lincoln!. E. of Market Raifm. Wike, Shropf. NE. of Great Wenlock. Wike, Shropf. near Shetlnal. W ike, Suflex, near Chicheller. Wike, Yorkf. NE. of Halifax. Wike, Yorkf. S. of Harwood- Cafule. Wikeham , Leicef. NE. of Wal- tham- on- the- Would. IViken, Norfolk, near Garboldifham. Wiken , Vv arw, a hamlet to Coughton. IViken Ashy Norf. SE. of Lynn. Wikenhyy Lincoln!. S. of Market Raifm. W ikersley, Yorkt. near Rotherham. W ikersley , or Wikeley, Y orkf. near Rippon. Wi key, Shropf. S. of Bag- geley. M ilan, Leicef near Hinkley. IV i - lam , Northumb. W. of Newcaftlc. IVil- baston, Northamp. SW. of Rockingham- I'oreft. Wilbees, Suflex, near Arlington. Wilber/osse , Yorkf. W. of Pocklington. IVilberry , Wilts, between Newton- Tony and Ambrefburv. Wilbraham, Great and LWlCy 7 miles NE. of Cambridge. Wil- brighton, Staff, near Moretou.’ Wilbur- ton , Camb. SW. of Ely. Wilbvrton, or Wilber ton , lee Wiber/on. Wilburton- Rode, Line, between Wiberton and the fea. Wilbur y Hill , Herts, between Bai- dock and Ickleford, in Hitchen parilh, where is a £amp of about 7 acres. Half the vallum is defaced. It is fuppofed to have been a Roman amphitheatre, as Ro- man coins have been fometimcs found here, and the Icknild-firiet way pafies over this hill. Wilby, Northampt. SW. of YV ellinr. 1 borough. Wilby , Suffolk, near Strai brook. Wilby- Hall, Norfolk, near New Buckenham. IVilcherwode, Dorfetf in Purbcck Ille. W ilcot, Oxf. on the Akeman-lfreet road, S. of Charl- burg. Here are veftiges of a Roman ofll- cina, for making bricks, tiles, and ftucco. It was lately a fpreading tumulus, confift- ing of fragments of Roman bricks and cement, and probably concealed pocauf- tic dudis and other fubterraneous works. Wilcot, Shropf. near Shrawarden calfle. Wilcot, Wilts, E. of Alcannings. Wil- de I, 4 miles NE. of Bedford. Wilders - ley, Shropf. W. of Longnor. Wilderness , Kent, near Sevenoaks. Wilder ton, Kent, near Throwley. Wild eshau sen, a town, capital of a diftridt in the duchy of Brunfwick, Lower Saxony, containing about 213 houfes. It is fituated on the Hunte, 20 miles SSW. of Bremen. In the baili- wick, which formerly belonged to the archbifhopric and duchy of Bremen, are 30 villages. Wildstoke, Dorfetf. in Whitchurch pa- tifh. Wadsworth, Line, on the Trent, W. of Kirton, in Lindfey. Wilj'ord , , Northampt. hy the Avon, NW. of Nafe- hy. Wilj'ord, a hamlet of Clifton, by Nottingham. Wilgate, or Wo! gate- Green, Kent, in Throwley parilh. Wilkes, a county of N. America, in Georgia. W ilk f SB o rough, a town of Penn- fylvania, fituated on the river Sufque- hana, 84 miles NNW. of Philadelphia. Wilkomiers, a town of Wilna, in Lithuania, fituated on the river Swienfca, near its union with the Wilna, 44 miles NNW. of Wilna. Wilkesby, or Wilsby, Lincolnfhire, near Bullingbrook. Willaston , or Wollaston, Chefhire, between Hooton and the. Dee. IV illusion, Chelhire, near Namptwich. Willaston, Magna, Shropfhire, near Wig- more. Wi lien, or Willey, W arw. NE. of Newnham Padox. Willenhall , Staff, near Walfall and Wolverhampton. Willerby , \ orkf. on the river Harford, S. of Scar- borough. Willersby , Yorkf. NW. of Hull. Wilier sey, Gloucefterf. 3 miles W. of Campden. Wilier shy, Heref. SW. of Weobley. Wiilesborough, Kent, a mile and a half SE. of Alhford, near the river Stour. Willesjord, Line, near An- cafrer. William, Fort. SeeCALCUTTA. William, Fort, in Invernefslhire, of a triangular form, with two balhons, is fituated on Loch Eil, where it bends to- ward the W. 45 miles N. of nverary, W il liams burg, a town of Virginia, formerly capital of that flute, fituated be- tween two creeks ; one of which tails in* to James, and the other into York River* 3 K 4 50 mile} W I L W I L 50 miles ESE. of Richmond. The dis- tance of each landing place is ab'out a mile from the town, which, with the di fad vantage of not being able to bring up large vellels, and want of enterpriie in the inhabitants, have occafioned its decay. Here is a college defigned for the education of the Indians, but which, on account of their averfion to learning, never anfwered the purpofe. Lat 37. 10. N. Ion. 76. 50. W. Alfo a county -of S. Carolina, and a county of Virginia. Williamsport, a town of Mary- land, 5 miles SW. of Hagar’s Town. Williamstadt, a fea-port of S. Holland, fituatcd in an ifland upon a part of the Made, called Buttervliet, 12 miles SSW. of Port. It is one of the keys of Holland, being defended by 7 baflions, and a double fofie. It was befieged by the French in the fpring of 1793, but meeting with n vigorous refinance from the garrifon, aflilted by the Englifh with gun-boats, they were compelled to retire with lofs. Williamscot, Oxfordf. N. of Banbury. Williainston,iNort\mmh. near Kirkhaugh. Willi ams thorp., Derbyf. SE. of Chefter- ficld. Willi an is trip , Glouceflerfhire, near Coin St. Alwins. William's or Willi - mot's Wick , Northumb'erl. near Belting- ham. Willine , Bucks, SW. of Newport. Willingdale , Doe and Spain , Effex, near the Rodin gs. Willing) or d, Staff'ordfhire, NE. of Lichfield. Willingham , Camb. E. of St. Ives. Willingham , Camb. E. of Gogmagog-llills. Willingham, Line, SE. of Gainfborough. Willingham, on the river Withatn, E. of Lincoln. Wil- lingham, Suff*. S. of Becclcs. . Willing- ham, N. and <5*. Line. E. and SE. of Market- Raifin. Wiilingstvorth , Staff*, in Sedgley parifh. Willington , near the Oufe, SE. of Bedford. Wellington, or Wilmington, Camb. in the Hie of Ely. Willington , Chefhirc, near High Leigh. Willington, Derbyf. N. or Burton- upon-' Trent. Willington, Durham, SW. of Brandfpeth-Caftle. Willington, Durham, 2 miles SE. of Blfnop’s- Auckland. Uni- ting ton, or Willy ton, Lincolnfhire, S. of Kirtoi^ in LincHey. Willington, North- umberland, W. of Timnouth. Willing- ion, Suflex, N. of Cuckmertf- Haven*. Willington, Warwickthire, near Shipton- upon-Stouiv WiUion, Herts, S. of Bal- doek, Willis, a town of New Jer fey, S3 miles SE. or Burlington. • Willi sham, Suffolk, between Needham and Bildefton. Willis’ Island, hear the NW, coa.fr of S. Georgia, in the S. 'Pacific Ocean. Lat. 54. S. Ion. 38. 20. W. W i l lisa, a town of Lucern, in Swif- ferland, capital of a bailiwick, it is feat ed among high mountains, on the river Wiger, 15 miles NNW. of Lucern Williton, Somerfctfhire, S. of Watchct. W Major d, Cumberland, where the Pi6t’s- Wal! erodes the river lrthing. Willough- by, Lincolnfhire, near Alford. Willough- by, Nottinghamfhire, N. of Newark. Willoughby, a town of Warwick- Ihire, feated on a canal, near the conflux of the rivers Leame and Avon, E. of Le- mington Haftings, 14 miles SE. of Co- ventry, and 77 NW. of London. This town has lately aflumed a commercial ap- pearance, from the number of new build- ings riling on the banks of the canal, and the magazines of coal'and lime-ftone laid up here for fale. Market on Tuefday. Willoughby-on-the-Would , Notting. on the S. borders of tlie county, near the Fofle-way. It is fuppofed to have been formerly a Roman ftation. Willoughby , Scots, or Water , Lincolnf. N. of Fokin g- ham. Willoughby , Silk, Lincolnf. S. of Sleaford. Willoughby Waterless, Leicef- terfliire, near CountHthorp. Wiliam beck, a Area m in Yorkfliire, which runs into the Swale at Cundal. W illowbridge, Staffordf. formerly a falhionable rel'ort, on account of its wells, when it had a houfe for bathing; See. Willsaon, Middlcfex, between Paddington and Harrow on the Hill. Willy , or JUilleley , Shropf. near Bridgenorth. Willy, Surry, in Chaldon parifh. Willy, a river of Wilts, which rifes near Warminfter, is joined by the Nadder at Wilton, and runs into the Up- per Avon, a little below Salilhury. Willy , Wilts, on the river Willybourn, near Heytefbury. Wi/merston, Somerfetlhire, between Lath and Farnborough. Wilmington, a town of N. Ame- rica, the largeft in Delaware, fituated on Chrifiiana creek, t mile and a half W . of the river Delaware, and 22 miles SW . of Philadelphia. Wilmington, a town in the State of New York, 53 miles N-. of New York. Wilmington, a town of N. Caro- lina, fituated on the E. branch of Cape Fear river, 34 miles from the Atlantic Ocean,- and 76 SSW ; . of New Bern. Wilmington, Kent, a mile SW. of Dart ford. Wilmington, Kent, near Sel~ lindge. Wilmington, Kent, near Bodlon Aiuph. Wilmington, Shropf. W. of St-i - perffone’s-Hill. Wilmington, Suflex, near Eafthourn. Wilminston, Deyonf. in Tas viilock. parifh, , . W I L w I M Wilna, a very large city, late capital had an ancient caftle on a hill, now part- ©f Lithuania, in a palatinate of the lame ly converted into a tenement. Wilton, name, containing a univertky, and |p- Norfolk, near Hockwold. Wilion, So- wards of 40 churches, mod of whichVe merfetf. near Taunton. Wilton, W ilts, popifn: but among them are one Lu- S. of Great Bedwin. Wilton, Yorkfhire, tlieran and one’ Calvin itr, a Jewifh near Pickering. Wilton, Yorkfhire, NW. fynagogue, a Tartarian church, and a of Gilborough. Wilton Bishops, Y ark- Greek church. The houfes are moftly {hire, N. of Pockltngton. built of wood, and it has fuffered fre- Wiltoun, a town of S. Carolina, quently by fire. It is feated in a mountain- 21 miles WSW. of Dorchcfter. ous country, on feveral little eminences, Wiltshire, a eounty of England, fo at the confluence of the rivers Vilia and called from the town of Wilton, once its Wilna, 215 miles NE. of Warfaw. capital. It is bounded on the E. by Berk- Wilnall, Staffordfhire, near Wolver- (hire and Hampfhire, on the W. by So- hampton. Wilne, Magna and Parva, merfet and Gloucefler, on the S. by Dor- Derbyfhire, in Sawley parilh. Wilnicote, fet and part of Hants, and on the NW. Warwickfhire, a hamlet of Tamworth. and N. by Gloucelterfhire. Its length Wilsbury, near Monmouth. Wilsford , from N. to S. is near 54 miles, its greateft Lirucolnfhire, near Ancafler. Wilsford, breadth from E. toW. 34. The air is Wilts, E. of Devizes. Wilsford, Wilts, healthy, and though fomething fnarp on near Stonehenge. Wilshamsted, SE. of the hills in winter, it is mild during that Bedford. feafon in the vales. The land in the Wilshoven, a town of Lower Ba- northern part is generally hilly and woody, var i a , but very fertile; here being made that Wilsick, Yorkfhire, NW. of Tickhill. kind of cheefe which is much elteemed, Wilsley, Derbyf near Afhby-de-la-Zouch. and known as North Wiltshire. In the Wilsnach, a town of Prignitz, in fouthern it is rich and fertile. In the Brandenburg, 56 milesWNW. of Berlin, middle it chiefly confifts of downs, that "Wilson, a town of S- Carolina, 15 afford the bell pafture for fheep; and in miles SW. of Queen borough. the vallies, which divide the downs, are Wihtcd-Hall, Yorkfhire, in Holdernefs, abundance of corn-fields and rich in ea- near Burftwick. Wilstern , Herts, a hart- dows. In home places is found knot- let of Tring. Wilsthorp, Yorkfhire, S. of grafs, near 20 feet in length, with which. Burlington. Wilsthorp, W. of York, hogs are fed, efpecially about Market Wilston, Leicefierfhire, N. of Bredon-on- Lavington. Its chief commodities are the-Hill. Wilthorp, Lincolnf. between fheep, wool, wood, and ftone; of this Stamford and Bourn. - laft there are excellent quarries at Chil- Wilton, anciently called Ell an- mark, where fome ftones are 20 yards in dune, the county town of Wiltshire, length, and 4 in thrcknefs, without a feated at the conflux of the Willy and flaw. The chief manufactures are confi- Nadder, 5 miles NN W. of Salifbury, and derable; few towns being without one, 85 W. by S. of London. It had for- moft generally in the clothing-trade, merly, according to Leland, 12 churches. The principal rivers in Wiltfhire are the though now it has only one. Here are Upper and Lower Avon, the Nadder, manufactories of tapeflry, carpets, and Willy, Bourne, Rennet, Adder, Duril, thin woollen fluffs. It glories in Wilton- Were, Calve, Rey, and Wfiiybourne. Houfe, a villa of the earl of Pembroke, This county contains one city, 24 mar- fo elegant and magnificent for its building ket-towns, and £04 parifhes, and is di- and furniture, that its defeription forms, vided into 29 hundreds, and 950 vil- at prefent, one of the principal objeCts in lages. a hiflory of the arts and belles lettres. Wilverton , SE. of Worcefter. Wily, The buildings were defigned by Holbein Wiltfhire, W . of Stapleford.. Wimbish , and Inigo Jones, on a plan worthy of an- EHex, SE. of Walden. Wimbledon , Surry, cient Rome. It is celebrated for the fa- on a fine heath, about a mile each way, mily portraits by Vandyke, and a moft 7 miles S\V . of London. On the corn- valuable colle6tion of pidtures, antique mon, near the village, is a round camp, ftatues, bafts, &c. among which are the made by the Danes ; as aifo a well, the whole collection of the cardinals Riche- water of which is never known to freeze, lieu and Mazarine, and the greateft part At Wimbledon are lome copper- mills, a of the carl of Arundel’s. Market on manufactory for printing calicoes, and Wcdn'efday. another of japan ware. Wimbledon, Wilion , Hereford!, a mile W. of Rofs, Yorkfhire, near Helmefley. Witnboldes - W I N ley, Chcfhire, S. of Middlewich. Wim - botsham, Norfolk, N. of Down ham. W imerling , Hants, between Fareham and P ortfmouth. IV in: in gstpo Id, or Womens - wold, Kent, near Nonington. Wimley , ©)‘ Wimondley , Magna and Parva, Herts, SW. of Baidcck. This manor, ever fin ce the conquefi, has been held by the tenure of grand fevjeanty, viz. to prefent, as cup-bearer, the firfi cup the fovereign drinks at the coronation. It is to be of filver, gilt, and it is returned as a fee of office. Wimmerlcy , Lancalhire, .3 miles from Garftang. Wimmingtcn , Bedford- ihire, N. of Harold. W IMONDHAM, Or WlNDHAM, a town of Norfolk, noted for making fpoons, fpindles, f diets, and other wooden wares, it is 9 miles SW. of Norwich, and too NE. by N. of London. Market on Fri- day. Wimpfen, an imperial town of Sua- bia, ii mated on the river Neckar, near its union with the Jaxt, 8 miles N. of Heilbron. Wimple , Devonf. Wimple- Hall, Cam- bridgel'. b miles from Royflon. Wimps- ton, Warwick!, in Whitchurch manor. Wimslou-, Chefhire, NW. of Maccles- field. Wimslon , Hants, NW. of South- ampton. Wirmwold, Leicef. NE. of Loughborough. * Wimborn Minster, a town of Dorfetfhire,' with a noble church, built as a cathedral, formerly collegiate, and the only one in the county, in which cathedral fer- vice is performed. The eafiern tower, and part of the church, are Saxon. It is feat- ed between the rivers Stour and Allen, 6 miles N. of Poole, and 102 SW. of Lon- pon. Market on Friday. W inborn, Abbas, Allhallows, All Saint s t and St Giles, Dorfetfhire. V/incanton, a town in Somerfet- fh i re, 2 4 miles S. of Bath, and 108 W. by S. of London. A confiderable market for corn, cheefe, Heffi, &c. on Wednefday. Winceby , Lincolnshire, 3 miles SE. of RorntJile. Winch, E. and W. Norfolk, near Lynn. Wincham, Chefhire, near North wich. W inch am, Somerletf. W. of Crewkern. Wimciicomb, a poor town in Glou- cefrerfhire, fituated on a fmall ftreain that runs into the Avon, 16 miles NE. of Gl'vicefier, and 93 WNW. of London. Market on Saturday. Winchelsea, a town in Suflex, one of the Cinque Ports, 2 miles SSW. of Rye, and 67 SW. of London. It was built in the reign of Edward I. when a more ancient town of the fame name. W I N which had 18 parifii churches, and was diftant about 3 miles, was fwallowed up by the lea, in a terrible temped. The new town being facked by the French and Spaniards, and defeated by the fea, foon fell into decay, and is now dwindled to an ,n confiderable place, having but about / 0 houles. Three of the .gates are Fill Handing, but much decayed; as alfo many other ruinous materials of ancient Itrudtures, Upon the level left bv the vm re the rmnS of a caftlc built by Henry Hi.; it is circular, and faced with fquare dones, with one large round tower, ferv^ mg as a keep. Market difufed. U INC HENDON, a town of Maflachu- fetts, 48 miles 7 W. of Bodon. * Winchester, a very ancient city of Hampfhire, called by the Britons, Caer Gwent, and by Ptolemy and Antoninus, Venta Belgarum. It is about one mile and a half in circumfcrcncfe round the wa^s, through which there are 6 gates, and luhurhs leading to every one of them ; it is a town of little trade or manufacture. It contained formerly 32 parifh churches, hut at prefent only fix, befide the cathe- dral, which is a large and beautiful firuc- ture. in it were interred 13 Saxon kings or queens, whofe bones were collected by bidiop Fox, and put into 6 little gilded coffins, in a wall on the S. fide of the choir. Thcfe, however, in the civil wars, were difperfed and tumbled out of the chefis, and refiored, without diftin&ion, after the refioration. On a fine eminence, overlooking the city and adjacent coun- try, is the ihell of a palace, built by Sir Chrifiopher Wren for king Charles II. It was never finiffied, but in the late wars was fitted up for the reception of prifoners of war, and is now converted into barracks. Near this place is St. Mary’s College, founded by William of Wickham, for a warden, 70 fcholars, 10 fellows, 3 chap- lains, 3 clerks, a fchoolmafier, ufiier, or- gan ifis, and 16chorifters; the fcholars are educated for New College, Oxford. The epifcopal fee is fo rich, that when Ed- ward ill. would have preferred its bifhop, Edenden, to the fee of Canterbury, he refufed it, faying, that though Canterbury was the higher rack, Winchefier was the better manger . A county infirmary has been efiablifhed here, fupported by vo- luntary contribution. In the road to Southampton, is the hofpital of St. Crofs, founded by a bifhop of this fee, for a mat- ter, nine poor brethren, and four out-pen- fiouers. All travellers, who call at this hofpital, have a right to demand fome bread and beer, which is always brought WIN W I N O them. The matter is generally a dig- nitary of the church, the appointment be- n< r very lucrative. Winchester confifts ofabout 300 houfes, has one pretty broad ttreet, but the reft are moftly narrow ; the houfes are indifferently built, and ns wall of Hint is greatly decayed. Tt is ted on the river Itching, 16 miles L. ot Salil- burv, and 63 SW. of London. Markets on Wednefday and Saturday. Winchester, a town of New Hamp- {hire; a tow., of Conneflicut, 22 miles NW. of Hartford; and a town of Vir- ginia, 56 miles WNVV. of VVaflnngton Winchester, Old, No, thumb. 7 miles VV. of Newraftle. Winchet Hill, Kent, m Goudhurft parifh. Winchfieli , Hants, NE. of Odiam. mnehington, Upper and Loser, Bucks, W. of Aylelbury. Winch- more-Hill, Middlefex, near Edmonton. Wincldey, Devonf. 2 miles from Tawton. Winckon, Hamplbite, near Chnftchnrch. Winko Bank, Yorkf. W. Ridmg, N. of the Don, oppofite Templebotough. IVin- cot , Gfoucef. a hamlet to Clinord cham- bers. Wincct, Gloucef. in Quemton pa- rilh. WindulU Norfolk, near Gillingham. Wind aw, a fea port town of Eour- land, fituated at the mouth of the river Wetaw, on the Baltic, 70 miles NW. of Mittaw. Windegap, in Waterford, Munfter. Winder, Lancaftiire, by the Ken Sands. W INDERMER E-W AT E R, or W I N A N- der-Mere, the moft extenfive lake in England, lying between W eftmorland anu Lancaftiire, and exhibiting a very great variety of beautiful profpedds. It is about 15 miles in length from N. to S. but m no part broader than a mile. Oppoute Ecclefrig-Crag, it is 222 feet deep. In is famous for its fine char, and abounds alfo with trout, perch, pike, and eels. This lake is frequently interfedfed by promon- tories, which render its fhores very wind- ing, and it is fpotted with .(lands. Among thel'e, the Holme, or Great Ifland, on an oblong tradl of about 30 acres, with a good houfe on it, erodes the lake in an oblique fine, furrounded by a number of inferior ides, finely formed and wooded. They make together a kind of Archipe- lago. In navigating it upward, from the Great Ifland, the extremity appears Angu- larly grand, its parts neat and pi&urefque ; and the view of the furrounding feenery, from Cove to Kirkfton, is aftonifhingly fublime and beautiful. Wiv.derton, Warwickfhire, in the panfti of Brailcs. Winderwalh, Weftmorland, on the Eden, NW. of Appleby. Wind- gate, SE. of Durham Windgates, North- umberland, SE. of New biggin. Windham. See Wimondham. Wend ham, a county in the State of Vermont, and a town of Connecticut, in N. America, lituated on the river Thames, 63 miles SW. of Bofton. Windisch Gratz, a town of btiria. Windisch, a village of Berne, inSwif- ferland, 3 miles W. of Baden. _ In it are the ruins of the ancient city of Vindo- niss a, which the Romans made a place of arms to flop the irruptions of $he Ger- man'. Windksham , Surry, near Bagthot. WindUdon, Durham, near Bilhop- Auck- land. Windley, 4 miles- from Derby. Windmill, Kent, near Appledore. Wind- mill Hid, Berkfhire, near Hinton. Wind- ridge, Durham, SE. of Bilhop- Auckland. Windridge , Herts, SW. of St. Alban’s. Wind-rush, a river in Oxfordfhire, which runs into the Thames above Langworth, about 5 miles SSE. of Witney. WifrDSHEiM,' an imperial town of Franconia, 28 miles SW. of Wu^bufg. Windsor, a tenvn ofN. America, in the State of Vermont, 92 miles NW. of Bofton ; alfo a town of Connedticut, fitu- ated on the W. fide of the Conncdbcut river, 3 miles N. of Harford, and oppo- fite the town of £. Windfor; and a town of Acadia, in Nova Scotia, 25 miles NW. of Halifax. Windsor , Cornwall, SW . of Columb. * Windsor, New, a town of Berk- fhire, fltuated on the fide of a bill, near the Thames, It conttfts of fcveral ftreets, and is well paved and lighted. I he town-hall is a brick ftruclure, with ar- cades of Portland ftone, eredled in 1686. Windfor is celebrated for its magnificent caftlc, built originally by William the Conqueror, re-built by Edward III. and enlarged by fucceeding monarchs. it is (bated on a" hill, which rifes on a gentle afeent. On the N. fide of the cattle is a fine terrace, made by queen Elizabeth, and enlarged by Charles n. who carried it round the E. and S. (ides. It is faced with a rampart of free- ftone, and is juiily allowed to be the nobleft walk in Europe with refpedf to ftrength, grandeur, and its beautiful profpedfs. The palaces in France and Italy have nothing t be com- pared with it ; the terrace next the fea, in the outer court of the feraglio at Con- ftantinople comes the neareit to it From the Round Tower, which is much more elevated than tlu reft, is an extenfive view to London, and into the counties of Berks, Middlefex, Effex, Herts, Bucks, Oxford,’ Wilts, Hants, Surfy, Suiiex, Kent, and Bedford, The royal a art. W I N arc adorned with many valuable paintings, particularly with the cele- brated cartoons of Raphael, which were formerly at Hampton Court. Here is the royal college of St. George, 'confifting ™A,o e i n * 12 canons > 7 minor-canons, and 18 alms or poor knights. St. George’s Chapel, ere&ed by Edward III. in 1377 , in honour of the order of the garter, is a beautiful fir injure, in the pureft flyle of Gothic architedhire. Oppofite to the b V °/ the cafrle, is a neat, modern- built manfion, called the Queen’s Lodge, which is the royal refidence in fu turner 3 jnd below this, is the Lower Lod 2 t0wn of Bradaw, ii* Winning e, a of river Lancafhire, which runs into the Lune, about 6 miles NE. of Lancafter. Winning/on, Chef, near 1 orthwich, has a ttone bridge over the eever. If innow, Cornw. near the ri- ver Powey, 5 miles from Launcefton. inrush, Gloucefterfhire, near North Lecbe. Winnipeg, a lake of N. America, about 240 miles in length, and from 60 to 100 in breadth, though in fome places hardly 6, Lat. 52 . 10. N. Ion. OF. 30. W. Winnipeg Litlle, a lake of N. America, about 80 miles long, and 15 wide. Lat. 52. 10. N. Ion. 100. 16. W. Win ns bo rough, a town of S. Ca- rolina, 30 miles N. of Columbia. Lat, 34 . 28 . N. Ion. 81. 15 . W. Winsbury, Shropf. near Chirbury. Winschotten, a town of Gronin- gen. H inscale, Cumberland, between White- haven and Cockermouth. Winscomb, So- merfetfhire, NW. of Axbridge. Wins- cot, Devonfhire, by Torrington. Vv insen, a town of Lunenburg Zell, fituated on the river A Her, 6 miles be- iew Fell ; alfo another town of Lunen- burg W I R W I N >urg Zell, fituated on an ifland formed iy the river ’Lube, 12 miles SE. of Ham- »urg. Winsgell , Cumberl. SE. of Kirk Of- vald. W ins ham, Somerfetlhire, Sh,. of :hard. W inshill, Derbyf. by the Trent, n Burton pari lb . Winslade, Hants, 2 niles from Balingftoke. IV inshy, Sbropf. 3. of Caufe Caftle. Winsley, Vv ilts, near Bradford. * Winslow, a town in Buckingham- bire, 7 miles NW. of Ailelbury, and 50 WNW. of London. Market on Tucf- day. Winstanley , Lancalhire, SW. of Wigan. Wi nsted, Yorklhire, near Patrington. Winster, a little, mineral town of Derbylhire, with innumerable cottages feattered on the fide of a hill. Here is no market, but a meeting for the fale of provilions on Saturday. It is fituated near rich mines of lead, 7 miles NW. of Derby, and 144 NW. of London. Winster , a river of Lancalhire, which runs into the Ken, at its mouth 3 and a river of Norfol/i, which runs into the Mere, about 12 miles WNW. of Nor- wich. Winster , Weftin. near Crook. Winston, Devon f. near Modbury. Wins- ton, Durham, 4 miles below Barnard Caf- tle, towards Darlington. Winston, Glou- cefterf. 6 miles NE. of Cirenc6fter. Wins- ton, Gloucef. in Bibury parifh. Winston, Norfolk, near the Gillinghams. Winston , Suflex, S. of Debenham. Winteiey , Chef. S. of Sanclbach. Winterborn , Berks, in Cheveley parilh. Winterborn , Yorklhire, SE. of Settle. Winterborn, or Wherry, a river in Dorfetfhire. Winterborn Ab- bas, Ashton, Monkton, Came , Christ on, E'arringdon, Herr ingston , Houston,, Kingston, Maurward, Muston , Quarels- ton, St. Martin, Stapleton, Strickland., Thomson, Whitchurch, and Zelston, all in Dorfetfhire. The firft of thefe, Win- terton AbbaS, is about 5 miles SW. of Dorcheflcr. About half a mile W. in the road from Dorchefter to Bridport, is a piece of antiquity, Stonehenge in mi- ' mature, being 9 rude-flones, of unequal dimehfions, placed ere£P, in a circular form, from 3 to 7 feet high, at ,about G feet diftance from each other. The dia- meter of their area is 28 feet. Near this monument the' river Winterborn rifes, by the country people called the Wherry. Winterborn, Cherborcugh, Dansey, Earls, Gunner, and Stoke, Wilts. Winterborn , Gloucef. near Pucklechurcn. Winterburg, a town in the duchy of Weftphalia i 37 miles S. of Paderborn ; a town of Pracbatitz, in Bohemia 3 and a town of -Sponheim, in the circle of Up- per Rhine. Winter dine , Worcef. near Bewdley. Wintering, Yorklhire, SW. of Arkendale. Winieririgham, Huntingdonlhire, SE. of Eynefbury. Winieririgham, Lincolnf. in the N. angle, near the Humber. W in- ter shill, Hants, near Bilbop’s- Waltham. Winter slqw , Dantiy, E and IV. Wilts, N. of-Clarendou Park. Winterthur, a town of Zurich, noted for a manufacture of beautiful earthen- ware, particularly white 3 toge- ther with painted ffones. It is 15 miles NE. of the city of Zurich. Winterton Basset , \V iltfhire,“N W. of Marlborough. Winterton ness, a cape of Norfolk, on which is a light-houfe, 5 miles NNW. of Yarmouth. The town of Winterton, near it, which is fituated in a Toil reckon- ed the fatteil in England,' and- the eafief?: to be ploughed, declined on the advance of Y armouth. Market difufed. JVinthorp, Lincolnlhire, on the ooaft, NNE. of Wainfieet. Winthorp , Not- tinghamlhire, on the Trent, NNE. of • Newark. Wintney Hartley , Hants, near Hartley- Row. Winton, Plants, 3 miles from Chriftchurch. Winton, Plants, near Ringwood. Winion , Suflex, N. ofCuck- mere Haven. Winton , Weftmorl. in the parilh of Kirby Steven. W inton, a county of S. Carolina. Wintrig, Northumberland, NW. of Widdrington-Caftle. Wintringlqn, Lin- colnf. near Wintringham. Ivinwick , Huntingdonf. near the Giddings. Win-? \ wick , Lancaf. N. of Warrington, was formerly the favourite manlion of Ofwald* Its reClory is one of the richeft benefices in England, being rated at 20001. a year. Win: sick, Northampton!. E. of ThrapE tcu. Winwick , Northamptonlhire, a mil© SW. of Cold Alhby. Winyard, Durham, near Butterwick. Wippedjket, Kent, in Thanet I He. Wiral, or Wirehal , Chef, is a flip of land between the Dee and th« Merfey, from Chefter to the fea. It is about 16 miles long, and 8 broad, and was. once a foreft. Wipfer, a river of Weftphalia, which rifes in the county of Mark, palfes by Wipper flirt, Elberfeld, Solengen, &c„ and runs into the Rhine, between Co- logne and Zons. Wipperfurt, a town of Berg, in Weftphalia, 27 miles SE. of Duifeldorf. WiRKSWORTH,a large, well-frequent- ed town in Derbyfliire, fituated among hills, which abound with lead ore, and with furnaces jEjpr fmelting it; which is generally W I s generally done by large wood fires. Mill- ftones and grindftones, as well as lead- ftones, are alfo dug hereabouts^ Here is a bar moot court, confifting of a mafter and 24 jurors, to determine difputes among the miners. It is 8 miles N. by W. of Derby, and 135 NNW. of Lon- don. The market, which is the greateft or lead in England, is on Tuefday. Wirley , Magna and Parva , Staff, near Wading Street, and the fourqe of Walfal Water. IVirswall , Chefh. E. of Mai pas. WlRTEMBURC. SeeWuRTEMBURG. IV iHwoodt Dorfetfhire, SE. of Horton. Wirwiti , on the Merfey, N. of Chefter. Wisbaden, a town of Naflau Saar- bruck Ufingen, circle of Upper Rhine, 5 miles NW. of Mentz. It is much noted for the Heidenische Maur , or Heathen Wall, which runs through the town, a work of the Romans. * Wis beach, a well-built town of Cambridgdhire, of the beft trade in the Ifle of Ely, fending annually to London, in barges, about 50,000 quarters of oats ; 1000 tons of feed-oil, preffed from mills in its neighbourhood ; 8000 firkins of butter, &c. and bringing back various commodities forthefupply of the county. It is fituated among the fens, on a river navigable for barges, 17 miles SW. of Lynn, 20 N. of Ely, and 89 N. by E. of London. Market on Saturday. Wis by, a town of Sweden, fituated on the W. coaft of the Ifland of Goth- land, 88 miles SSE. of Stockholm. It was formerly one of the Hanfe Towns, and a very ancient ftaple, frequented by Normans, Greeks, Englifh, French, and other nations, its maritime laws were famous, and adopted in all the ports of the Baltic, it has a fafe and commo- dious harbour, but not very large. Lat. 57. 38. N. lbn. 18. 18. E. Wis cas set, a town of Mafiachufetts. VvTschbach, or Fischbach, a town of Stiria. Wiscomb , Devonfhire, in the parifh of South Leigh. Wisedale , Yorklhire, E. of Kirby- Lonfdale, Wiskam , Lincolnfhire, NW. of Louth. Wishanger, Gloucef. in Miferden para'll. Wi. sharp, or Wishall, 6 miles N. of Not- tingham. Wishaw , Warvv. N. of Curd- worth. Wisliby, SW. of Lincoln. Wish - erborn, Hampshire, NW. of Bafingftoke. Wiskj'ord , Great and Little , Wilts, NW, of Saldbury. IVisk, or Wyrsk, a river in Yorklhire, which runs into the Swale, below Kirkby. Wislitza, a town of Sandomirz, in Poland. W I T Wisley, Surry, near Byfleet* Wisloch, a town in the palatinate of the Rhine, 14 miles’ E. of Spire. Wismar, a large, well- fortified town ! of Mecklenburg, defended by a citadel. Befides 6 churches, it has a feparate con- fifiory, with a gram mar- fcliool, under 8 inafters, and is the feat of a court of juf- ticc, ere&ed in the year 1673, both for its particular diftri&, andfor Swedifh anterior Pomerania. It has a good harbour on the Baltic, and is 33 miles E. of Lubec. Wispitigton, Lincolnf. near Horncaftle. Wissemburg, or Korn Weissem- burg, a town in the department of the Lower Rhine, fituated on the Lauier, 12 miles SSW. of Landau. It was formerly imperial, and was ceded to France by the treaty of Ryfwick. Strong lines of de- fence arc fixed from this town to the Rhine, E. of Lauterburgh. Jn 1793, the French were driven from them by the Pruffians, hut foon after they obliged the Prnftians to abandon them. Wissenden , Rutland, 2 miles and a half W . of Market Overton. ' Wisset, Sufiex, • near Halefworth. Wissingsett, Norf. SE. of Rainham-llaTl. Wistanton, Lhefhire, NE. of Namptwich. Wistanton, Shropf. ' on the Onny, E. of Bilhop’s Caftle. Wis - ter ton, near Hereford. W i s T p n , a fmall corporate town of Pembrokefhire, 10 miles N. of Pembroke, and 235 WNW. of London. Market on Wednesday. I Vision, Norfolk, near Clay. Wiston, or Wigston , Nottinghamlhire, in Chaworth parifh. Wiston, Sutf. on the Stour, near ' Neyland. W iston, Suflex, NW.of Stening. Wisiow , Huntingdonf. SW. of Ramfey. Wis tow, Leicef. near Market Harborough. ; Wis tow, Yorkf. near Selby. Wiswetl, Lane, near Whaley. Witchingham , St. Faith's and St. Mary s, Norfolk, SE. of Repeham. Witchley, Heath , Rutland, between Ketton and Tinewell. Wich~ wood, a foreft in Oxfordf. between Bur- ford and Charlbury. Witcomb, Somer- fetf. SE. of the Avon, oppofite to Bath. Witcomb, Somerfetf. N. of Eaft and Weft Rarptree. Witcomb , Somerfetftiire, near Martock. Witcomb , 6 miles SE. of Glouceftcr. Witep ski, orViTEPSK, a town of Polotlk, in Lithuania, feated on the river Duna, 56 miles ESE. of Polotlk. Witgenstein, a county in the circle of the Upper Rhine, fituated between the principalities of Heffe Darmftadt, Naffau, Dillenburgh, and the duchy of Weftpha- liaj about 18 miles long, and 12 broad. The principal rivers are the Lalin ami 4 the W I T the Eder. It is united to the county of a * With am, a neat-built, pleafant town in Eliex, with feveral confiderable inns, it being a ‘great thoroughfare to Harwich, and to the fartheft parts otW- fex and Suffolk. It is 8 miles NE. of Chelmsford, and 37 NE, of London. Mar- ket on Tuefday. _ . With am, a river of Lmcolnlhire, which rifes in the S. part of Lincolnfhire, on the borders of Leicederfhire, pafles by Grantham to Lincoln, where it becomes navigable, and turning SE. proceeds to Tatterfhall, and enters tlje German Ocean about 5 miles below Boflon, which is called The Washes. It is a (hallow dream, but famous for its pike, from Lincoln it has a communication with the Trent, by means of a navigaole canal, called Fofsdike, cut by king Henry 1. which is full of material ufe in conveying away the corn, wool, and other commodities of the country. Witham , Berks, on the Thames, 3 miles W. Oxford. Witham, Hants, N. of Andover. Witham , A', and E. Lin- Qolnk near the fource of the river Witham. Wit ham-on- the Hill, Lincolnfhire, SW. of Bourne. Withcall , Lmcolnlhire, SW. of- Louth. Withcock , Leiceflerf near Laund Abbey. Withes ham-, Chefhire, NE. of Altringham. Wither idge, De- von f. E. of Chimleigh. Wither in gton, or Wodrington, Northumb. an ancient caf- tle near the (bore. W itheringsey , Yorkf. E. Riding, in the S. bailiwick of Horn- fey. Wit heme, Lincolnf. NW r . of Al- ford. Wither sfield, Suffolk, NW. of Haver ill. Wither stake, Weftmorland, near Brigfter Park, and Levins Bridge. Wither span, Eliex, near High Ongar. Wither stone, Dorfctfhire, near Beminfter. Witherwick, Yorkf. in H older nefs, S. of Hornfey. Wilhjelds, Eflex, near Great , Ilford. Withiall, Cornwall, NW . of Bodmin. It has many barrows, or hills of burial. Withial, Herts, N. of Bun- tingford. Withibrook, Warwickf. in the parifh of Monk’s Kirby. W ithicomb, Devonfhire, NW . of Afhburton. Withi- comb , Somerfetfhire, near Carhampton. Withic mb Hawley, Devonf. between Powderham Caftle and the lea. Withi- jord, Magna and Parva, NE. of Shrewi- bury. Withiam, Suflex, near Buck- hurft. Wit hill, Cumber]. NE. of Scale- by. WUhington , NE. of Hereford. Withington, Glouceflerf.' on the Coin, 6 miles SE. of Cheltenham. Withington, Upper and Lower , Chefhire, near the Peovers. Withington, Staft'ordlhire, W. W I T of Uttoxeter. Withipool, -Somerf. SY . of D under. Withorn, Lincolnf. near Thorefby. Withy Bridge, Gloucef. m Bodington parifh. Withy- Hill, Somer- feifhire, SW. of Williton. Willey, Surry, SW. of Godalmin. The town is privi- leged as an ancient demefne, for ferving on juries. Near it is Ilinhead Hill, Irom which there is a noble profpeft every way; and alfo Gracewood Hill, from which there is a view over the vale of Surry and Suflex, into Kent. Willey, Great and Little, Worcefterfhire, at the foot of Woodberry-Hill. Witlich, a town of Treves. Witnesham , Suffolk, near lpfwich. * Witney, a long, draggling town in Oxfordfhire, confiding of two flreets, about a mile long, and containing, with its hamlets, 570 houfes, and 4200 inhabi* tints. It is noted for its manufacture of the fined white blankets, with rugs, and other thick woollens, called bearfkms and kerfeys ; alfo for its trade in carding, fpinning, &?c. It is 8 miles NNVv . of Oxford, and 64 WNW . of London. Market on Thurfday. Witon, Worcederf. in Wick parifh. _ Witsenhau sen, a town of Hefie Rhinfels, circle of Upper Rhine. Wittemberg, a town in the eleffo* rate of Saxony, with a famous univerfity, in which Martin Luther, who lies buried in the chapel belonging to the caftle, was profeflbr. Is is not large, but has a con - lidory, or court of jHiflice, and is the place where the general aflemblies of the circle are held. The old cadle, or citadel, was formerly the electoral refidepde. It is feated on the river Elbe, over which it has a ferry, 55 miles NNW. of Drefden. Wittenburg, a town of Laven- burg, fituated on the Elbe, ,8 miles W. of Lauenburg, a town in the duchy of Mecklenburg, 17 miles W. of Schwerin. Wittenham , Little, Berks, near Ben- fington. Wittenham, Long, Berks, W <. of Dorchefter. Wittenstein, a town of Livonia. Wittering, Northampton!. nearThorn- haugh. Wittering, E. and W .^ullex, in the peninfula of Sclfey. Witllesjoi d Bridge, 7 miles S. of Cambridge, in the road from London to Newmarket. Wittlich, a town of I’revcs, fitu- ated on the river Marie, 25 mi es NE. of Emden. Wittmund, a town of Embden coun- ty, in E. Friefland. , ' A Witton, Chcfh. by Northw.ch. Wilton , Durham, near N evil’s Chois. Wilton , Durham, 3 miles W . oi Bithop Auckland. IV it Lon, W O A Wit ton, Heref. near Llanwerdine. W titan, Huncingdoof. near Houghton. Witton , Norfolk, E. of North Waltham. Witton , E. of Norwich. Witton, Worcef. NE. of Bromfgrove. Witton, a town of New Hampfhire, 30 miles E. of Chefferfield* Witton- Castle, Northumberland, near Newcaitle. Wition-cum- Freeze, Lan- ■calhire, near -Blaokb urn. Witten, E. and W. Yorkf. 2 miles from Midlam. Witton, Toner, Nether, and Shields, Northumberl. NW. of Morpeth. Wiilbn, Upper, and Lower, Warwickf. N. of Birmingham. IVittisham » Kent, in Oxney Ifle. Witty- Green, Oxfordfhire, nearRamfden. \V ivelscome, a town in Somerfet- Jhue, with a confiderable and flourifhing manufactory, effablifhed for more than 2 centuries, of blanketings and knap-coat- ings, kerfeys, and other coarfe cloths, ■with Ihrouds, ermine, and baize. It is feated on the river T one, 1 1 miles W. of Taunton, and 155 W. by S. of London. Market on Tuefday. Wivels field, Sufiex, N. of Dichling. Wivenhoe , or Femme, EITex, 3 miles from Colchefter, of which it is the harbour, and has a cudofn-houfe. Wiverby, Lei- cef. SW. of Waltham-on-the- Would. Wiversby, Berks, near Sunning. JFiver- ton, Nottingh. on the Snite, near Llan- garr. IVivesjord, Wilts, near the De- nereis. Wivestone, Suffolk, NW. of Mendlelham. Wivill, Oxfordf. W. of Henl(fy-on-Thames. Wixo, SufF. W. of Stoke, by Clare. Wire, a river in Cumb. which runs into the Waver, in the Holm. Wladislaw, or Inowroslaw, a tow# of Poland, capital of a palatinate. Tt is fftuated on the Viffula, 84 miles NW. of Warfaw. Wlodsimierz, a town of Volhynia, the fee of a Greek bilhop, united to the fee of Rome. It is fftuated on the river Bog, 124 miles SE. of Warfaw. W oahoo, one of the Sandwich Iflands, lying to the NW.'of Morotoi, at the dif- tance of about 7 leagues. From the ap- pearance of the NE. and NW. parts, it is the ffneff ifland of the group. Scarcely any thing can exceed the verdure of the hills, the variety of wood and lawn, and rich, cultivated vallies, . which the whole face of the country difplays. It contains about 60,000 inhabitants. Lieu- tenant H ergeff, commander of the DiEda- lus ftorefhip, who had been fent from England, in 1791, to New South Wales, and thence to the S. Pacific Ocean, with a fupply of provifions for the ilocp Dif- covery, "Vancouver, then on a voyage of W O G difcovery, was here furprifed and killed by the natives, together with Mr. Gooch/ the adronomer. Lat. 21. 43. N. Ion/ 157. 51. W. * Woburn, a town in Bedfordfhire/! formerly famous for its abbey, fftuated at a little didance from the town, and found- ed in the year 1145, by Hugh de Bolebec, a lord of great property in that neighbour- hood. ^ Its lad abbot was hanged at Wo- burn, in the year 1547. It is now a country feat of the duke of Bedford, it having a large, pleafant park, well wood- ed, but deficient in water. The great dables, which are part of the ancient cloyders, dill preferve their pillars and and vaulted roof. Woburn was burnt down, June, 19th, 1724, but has fince been neatly re-built. It has a free-fehool, a neat market-place, and a charity- fcheol, - founded by a duke of Bedford. Near it is found great plenty of fuller’s earth ; and here is a manufadfure of jockey- caps. It is 12 miles S. by W. of Bedford, and 42 NNW. of London, Its market on , Friday, is chiefly for frefh butter and cheefe. Woburn, a town of Maflachufetts, ' 15 miles NW. of Bofton. Wobnry, Shropfhire, near Bridgnorth. Wodell, Vorkfhire, W. Riding, between Wharnfide Hill, and the N. Riding. W odensborongh, Kent, near Sandwich. Near it is a remarkable eminence, fup- pofed to have been raifed by the Saxons, i as a pedeflal for their idol Woden, which j flood upon it. ' Wodmante, Sufiex, SE. j of Stening. Wodn a ny, a town of Prachatitz, Bo- hemia, 58 miles S. of Prague. Woerden, a town of S. Holland, fftuated on the Rhine, 8 miles S. by W. of Utrecht. IF ogham, Sufiex, N. of Lewes. Wog- net, E. and W. Devonfhire, near Aflibur- ton. Wokey, or Okey, Soinerfetf. S. of Mendip-Hills, within .2 miles of Wells. On the N. fide of it is a dark, difmal ca- vern, called Wokey Hole, about 200 yards in length, which contains feveral curious pieces of nature’s workmanfhip ; a kitchen, a hall, a dancing-room, a cel- lar, See. where are admirable refem- blances, in die natural rock, of a man’s head', a tomb-ltone, a dog, the ftatue of a woman in white ftone, called tin Old Witch, a ftone table, &e. Here are two cifferns always full of water, that trickles from the top of the rock, but never ‘run- ning over; a huge ftone, called the great . gun, became when lifted up and let fall to the ground, it makes a noife like a 3 cannon. W O L 1 The breadth is in fome places fix fa- thoms, in others not above one or two. The roof, in the highcfl part, is about I eight fathoms from the floor, but in foine places fo low, that a man mull creep, to pafs through. Woking, a town of Surry, between Guilford and Weybridge, 24 miles SW . by W. of London. Market on Tuefday. Wokingham. See Okingham. ^>/af/ow,StafFordfhire,E. of Penkridge. Wo law, a town capital of a principa- lity of Silefia, with a woollen manufac- tory. Wolbeding, Sufi ex, near Midhurff. Wol - borow, or JVadborow Park, Worcef. W. of Perlhore. IVolco m £, D o r fe tfh i r e, near Sherborn. IVolcomb'M atr avers, Dorfetf. a mile N.- of Melbury Bubb. Woicot, Somerfctf. near Bath. Woldham , Kent, bv the Medway, 2 miles and a half SW. of Rochefter. Woldingham , Surry, E, of Warlingham. Wol fa rdisxvorth, Devonf. • near Hartland. Wolfe Newton , Mon- mouthfhire, N. of Strogle Caftle. Wolfen buttle, a confiderable town of Brunfwick, capital of a principality of the fame name, which conftitutes a part of the duchy of Brunfwick. In the chateau, the refidence of the dukes, is a library, containing 120,000 volumes of printed books and manuferipts; alfo a cabinet of curiofities relating to natural hiftory. In •the principality are 18 towns, 386 villages, and 1 7 fees and convents. It is well-built and fortified, 24 miles. E. of lioldefheim. Wolfersdike, a fniall ifland of the l n> ted Provinces, in Zealand, between the illands of N. and S. Bevel and. Wolferlaw, Herefordf. N. of Bromyard. ’ Wo i , fsberg, a town of Carinthia. Wo ford, Magna and Part a, KW. of Long Compton. Wolfgast, a fea port town of Swe- difh Pomerania, with a harbour near the Baltic. It is 30 miles SSL. of Stralfund. fVolgale Green , Kent, in Throwley parifh. Wolkenstein, a town of Erzgeburg, in Upper Saxony. Wolkowvsk, a town of Novogro- deck, in Lithuania. Welland, Dorfetf. a mile SW. of Ibber- ■ ton. Wolhscomb, Upper and Nether, De- vonf. S. of Ilfracomb. Wollaton and Wollaton Hall , the feat of Lord Middleton, near Nottingham. Wollavington, Somerf. between Sedgmore and Huntfpill. Wol- lavington, Suifex, near Pet worth. Woller, a town in Northumberland, much reforted to, in the i'ummer months, by invalids, to drink goat’s whey and w o L milk. It is 14 miles S. of Berwick. Market on Thurfday. TVoller shill fN orcefierf. S. of Perfhore. Wollerton, or Walter ton, Norfolk, NVof Aylfham. Wollesworthy, Devonf. N. of Crediton. Wolley , Derhyf. in Scarfdale, NW. of Alfreton. Wolley , Devonf. in U pcot pnrifli. Wolley, Somerfetfhire, near Bath. Wolley, Yorkf. NW. of Barnefley. Wol LIN, a fea port of Prufiian Pome- rania, at the mouth of the Oder, capital of an illand of the fame name. It is 10 miles S. of Cam min. Wolmagam, Hie of Wight, in W. Me- dina. Wolmar, or Volmar, a town in the government of Riga. J Volmar ston, Somerfetf. near N.Pether- ton. J Palmer- Forest, Hants. Wolmer ~ Green, Herts, by Da tch worth. Wohnistom , Somerf. in Crewkern parifh. Wolphum- coie, or Overicote, Warw. near Willough- by. Wolseley, Stafford!, near Rugeley. AVol singh am, a town in the county of Durham, in a country abounding in coal and lead mines. It is 16 miles SW, of Durham. Market difufed. Wolsingt n. North u njberlan d,n ear Ogle Caflle. Wolstantcm, Statfordh NE. of New- caftle-under-Line. W olsfanwood, Chefh ire, near the Copenhalls. Wolstenholm, Lane. NE. of Bury. Walston, Berks, near , Of . fington. Wolston, Hants, near Southamp- ton. Wolston , Shropfhlre, near Knoking. Wolston, Shropf. E. of Bifhop’s-Caftle. W olslon, Great and Little , Bucks, by Stony-Stratford. Wol sir op, Gloucefierf. near Quedgley. Wolterton, Norfolk, near Aylfham. Wolthorp, Northampton!. near Stamford. Wolton, Kent, near Weftwel. Wolvercote, N. of Oxford. * Wolverhampton, alarge and po- pulous towm in Staffordfhire, chiefly noted for its iron manufactory, /Confifting of locks, hinges, buckles, corkfcrews, and of late years japanned war -. The ftreets are, for the molt part, broad and paved. It communicates with the navigation of all the inland counties, and is 13 miles S. of Stafford, and 124 NW. of London. Market on Wednefday. Wolverley, Worcef. on the Stour, near Kidderminfter, and the canal which joins the Severn near Stourport. Wolver shill, WarW. in Bulkin gton parifh. Wolver - ston, Suffolk, near ipfwich. Wolverlon , or fVolverington, Bucks, near Sronv-Strat- ford. Wolverlon , Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Waiver tier, Kent, near Folk- ftonc. Wolverlon, or Waller ton, Norfolk,, on the coaft, SW. of Snetfham. Woloer- ton, near Warwick. Wolves, West, Suf- . 3 L jrx. w o o fe>;, N. of Sterling. Woheton, NW. of Dorchcficr. Wolvey, a town of Warw’ckfHre, fituated near Hinckley, N. by E. of Shil- ton Market on Wednefday. Wcmborn, Staffordf. SW. of Sedgley. Wombwett, Yorkfhire, SE. of Barneiley. Wombxcell- Hull, or Wimble , Kent, in the parifh of Northfleet. Jf'omeslegh, Dorfetf. a hamlet in Wetton-Fitzpain. J Tomer s- u'old, Kent, near Canterbury. 7 Vomers- ley, Y orldhire, near PontefracF 7 Ti nder, Bedfordf. near Woburn. IVondy , Mon- mouthf. near Caldicote. Wonslon, Hants, near Micheldever. IVoocol , or W>: clcot, Surry, 2 miles S. of Wimbledon M oody Devon f. E. of Modbury. JTood, Devon f. near Columbton. Woody Devonf. near Woodleigh. Moody Basfwick, Norfolk, NW. of S. Ilham. IToodherry, Dor- fetf. near Bere Regis. WoodboroUgh, be- tween Nottingham and Southwell. Wood- borough, Wilts, E. of Rifhop’s Cannings. W ooDBPaDGE, a town in Suffolk, feat- ed on the river Deben, with very fafe and depp water, but the bar is difficult and uncertain. A confiderable corn trade is carried on here, and it is famous for re- fining fait. It is fituated about 6 miles from the fea, 7 NNE. of Ipfwich, and 76 NE. of London. Market on Wednefday. JVoodburn, E. and IT. Northumberl. on the Read, SE. of Corfenfide. Woodbury, Devonf. 9 miles Sfc. of Exeter. Wood- chest er, Glouc. S. of Stroud, 2 miles from Minchinghampton : here is a manufac- ture of filk, and of fine broad cloth. Word- church, Chefhire, between the Dec and Mevfey, 3 miles from Liverpool. . Wood- church, Kent, 3 mil.es E. of Temerden. Woodcock- Hill, Middl. in the parifh of Harrow. Woodcot, Hants, between Wood- hav and Overton. Woodcot, Hants, near Whitchurch. JToodcot., Nott. in Skegby parifh. Woodcot, Oxf. near Hcnley-upon- Thames. Woodcot , near Shrewfbury. Woodcot , Shropf. near Shefnal. Wogdcot, Worcef. in Brom (grove parifh. Woodcotc, S c "ry , near Wimbledon. Woodcote, Up- pei and - Lower, Warw. SE. of Coventry. Woodcots, Dorfetf. 2 miles from Sixpenny Henley. Woodaoft, Northamp. between Peterborough and Stamford. JVoodcroft- Hcdl, Durham, on tiie Wear, SE. of Stan- hope. Woode, alias Woodchurch, Kent, in Thariet llle, 6 miles N. of Sandwich. Wood-Eaten, on the Cherwell, 3 miles N. of Oxford. Wooden, Northumb. on the . coaft, S. of Aylmoeth. Wood End, Bedf. SIC. of Tuddington. Wood- End, Clone, in Twining-pariih. Wood End, in Dim- mock parifh. Wood- Emit Cloucef. in the WOO parifh of Hill. Wood- End, Herts, near ■ Ardley-B.ury. Wood- End, Herts, near Flamfied and Bury. Wood-End, North- ampton f. NW. of Towceiter. Wood-End , Stafford!, in Ncedwood-Foreft. Wood-End, Staff, near Shenfron. Wood- End, Staff. ' near -Waliall. Woodenton, Wilts, W. of Uphaven. W oderlin, Cloucef. in Nibley panffi. Woodfold, Kent, near Yalding. Woodford, in Galway, Ccrta naught. . Woodf ord, Chefhire, between Preffbury ’ and Stopford. Woodford , Dorfetf. on the river Frome, between Frampton and Bin- don. Woodford, loucef. in Berkley pa- riffi. Woodford, Northamp. a mile SW. of Thrapfion. Woodford, Northamp. near Bifield. Woodford, Soinerfetf. by Wells. Woodford, Effex, i,n Epping Forell, 8 or 9 miles NE. of London. Woodf ord, Great j and Little, Wilts, 4 miles from Sarum. Woodford-Strangeways, Dorfetffiire, E. of Dorcheftcr. Woodgreen, Herts, a mile W. ofChefhunt. Woodgreen, Middl efex, near \ Tottenham - High - Crofs. Wood grove, Kent, in Oxney Hie. Wood- Hull, C umh. near Cockermouth. Woodhall , Elfex, in Arkfden. Woodhall, Herts, N. of Hat- field. Woodhall, Middl. NW. of Pinner. ! WoodJdulL Yorkfhire, near Bifhopfilale- Chace. Wood- Hall, Yorkl. W. of We- therby. Woodham, Surry, near Chert fey. Woodham- Ferris, Effex, E. of the Han- ningficids. Woodham- Mortimer and ITa- ler, or Walter , Effex, adjoining Kafeleigh. ■ Wood- Hatch', Surry, near Ryegate. Wood- i hay, Chefhire, SW. of Namptwicii. Wood- \ hay. East, Hants, on the borders of Berks, \ towards Neubury. Woodhay, West , Berks, !■ SE. of Hungerfotd. Woodhead, Chefhire, ' at the lource of the Merfay. IToodhead , . Rutland, near Brig-Caflerton. Woodhide , Dorletf. in Purbeck Hie, between Dunlhay j and Aldington. Woodbornc, Northumb. i near the coaff, N. of Nevvbiggin. Wood- house, or JToodborrew, Nott. S. of Sher- j wood Foreft. Wood-House, Dcrbyf. near Stublcy. JTood- House, Derbyf. in the , 1 1 igh Peak. Wood ■ IL use, or Heath- House, Hants, near Petersfiedd. Wood-House, Hie ,] of Wight, in E. Medina. Weed-House, Leicef. near Loughborough Wood-House, Northumb. SE. of Harbottle- Cattle- Wood - \ House, Northumb. S. of Alnwick. Mood- j House, Shropf. E. of Oivveilry. Wood- C House, Staff. NE. of Stone. Wood House, Staff. S. ofPatffiall. Wood- House, Staff, mar Womborn. F ood- House, WefhnorL near the Ken, 4 or 5 miles below Kendal. Wood- Houses, Chefhire, SW. of Frodfhan^. Weed-Houses, Shropf. E. of W efington. // 'and- 1 louses , S I no pi . N E. o f W hi tchu rch . Wo, a- Houses, Staff. N. of Ncedwood-Fo-. W O R WOO reft. Wood-Houses , Staff, near Yoxall. Wood-Hurst , Huntingd. near Somerfham. Wood-Land, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Wood-Land, Dcvonftiire, near Afhburton. Wood-Land, Devonf. on the Yalme, a lit- tle above Yalmeton. Wood-Land , Devonf. near Torrington Parva. Wood- Land, Dorfetf. S. of Cranborn. In this manor, to the W. ofRingwood, under an afh tree, • the Duke of Monmouth was taken after the battle of Sedgemore. The tree is in- scribed with the names offeveral who have viftted the fpot. Wood- Land, Gloucef. in Almondibury parifh. Wood- Land, Kent, NVV. of W rotham. Wood- Land, War w. on the borders of Worcefrerfhire and Staf- fordftiire. Wood-Land, Wilts, NE. of Marlborough. Wood- Land, Wilts, near Mere. Wood- Land Chapel , Lancaf. in Fournefs-Fells. Wood-Land, E. and W . Somerf. and Wilts, near Frome. Wood- Land- House, Kent, N. of Blackheath. Woodiaw , S. of Warwick. Woodley, De- vonf. between Brent and Kingfbridge. Woodley , near Oxford. Woodmancote , Hants, near the Candovers. Woodman- cote, Gloucef. in Durfley parifh. W ood- ;;zr<7zc0fc, Gloucef. in Cleve parifh. Wood- vianstone , Surry, near Banfted, 2 miles from Carfhaiton. Woodmercote , Gloucefterf. in N. Cerney parifh. Wood-Newton, Nor- thamptonf. near Fotheringay-Park. Wood- oaks, Herts, in Rickmanfworth parifh. Wcod-Plumpton, Lane, in Amoundernefs. Woodredon , Efl'ex, near Waltham- Abbey. Woodrising, Norfolk, NE. of Skoulton. Wood-Row , Wilts, near MeTkfham. Wood' s-Corner, S uflex,S W. of B righ tl i n g. Woodselton , Staffordf.between Sedgley and Tipton. Woodsetion, Staff. SW . of Ec- clefhall. Woodsetts, Derbyf. in the High Peak. Wo.odsham, Bucks, W. of Aylef- bury. Woodside, Cumb. in the parifh of W ellward. Woodside, Durham, near Ry- ton. Woodside, Herts, S. of Hatfield. Woodside , Lane, near W. Darby. Wood- side, Surry, NE. of Croydon. Woodside - Green, Kent, N. of Lenham. Woodsom- . Hall, Yorkf. near Almondbury. Wood- spring, Somerfetf. on the Briftol Channel, oppofite to the Flat- holms. Wood- Stan- way, Gloucefterf. in Stanway parifh. * Wood stock, a town of Oxfordfhire, with a manufacture of ftecl chains for watches, and excellent gloves. The pa- lace and park here were, fpr many ages, the refidence of the kings of England 5 but in 1705, the honour and manor were fet- tled, by parliament, on John, the firft duke of Marl borough j to perpetuate the me- mory of his victories over the French, and particularly that at Blenheim. A fine palace was alfo eroded here, at the pub- lic charge, called Blenheim Houfe, with apartments, galleries, offices, gardens, See. in a very grand and fumptuous ftyle. It is 8 miles NNW. of Oxford. Market on T ucfday. Woodstone , Huntingdonf. near Peter- borough. Woodstreet, Dorfetf. a mile from Bindon. Wood Thorp, Derbyfhire, S. of Chefter field. Wood Thorp , Lincolnf. NW. of Alford. Wood- Thorp, Nott. S. of Sherwood- Foreft. Wood-ton, 7 miles from Norwich. Woodton, Staff near Ecclefhall. Wood-Walton, Huntingdonf. SE. of Co- ni n gton . Woody ates, or ff \\st- IT ; odyates , Dorfetfhire, near Stalbridge. Wooiaston , Northampt. 3 miles S. of Wellingbo- rough. Wool, Dorfetf. on the river Frome, W. of Wareham IVoolcomb- Bingham* Dorfetf. NE. of Bridport. WooUitston , Gloucef. 4 miles NE. of Chepftow, in Monmouthf. Wolley, Huntingd. N. of Spaldwick. Woolminglon, Dorfetf. near Chardftock. Woolperij, Devonfhire, near Biddiford. Woolpit. See Wulpit. Wooh ihOrp, Line. SW. of Grantham, famous for having given birth to the great Sir Ifaac Newton. Woblstone, Gloucef. 4 miles W. of Tewkefbury. Woolstone, Lane, near Warrington. Woolston Hall, Efl'ex, near Chigwell. Woolthorp, SE. of Hereford. Woolversion, Suffolk, on the Orwell. Woolwich, a tov/n in Kent, fented on the river Thames,- noted for its large docks and yards, being, in point of feni- onty, the mother dock of the royal navy ; as alfo for its magazines of great, guns, mortars, warlike ftores, warren, el ab ora- tory, See. A royal academy alfo is efta- blifhed here, for the inftrudting and qua- lifying of candidates fdr the office of mili- tary engineer. Thefe are called Cadets, and are under the direction of a governor, lieutenant-governor, and mafters in each branch of literature and military fcience. For l'ome years paft, two or three hulks have been moored off this town, for the reception of convicts, to the number fome- times of 400. It is 10 miles E. of Lon- don. Market on Friday. Woosaston, Shropf. N. of Alftretton. Wooton , Heref. W. ofWeobly. Wootorj, Abhus, Dorfetf. on the borders of Devonf. Wooton Glanville , Dorfetf. 3 miles SW. of Pulham. Woperden , Northumberl. in the barony of Wark. W orb arrow , or Worthbarrcw Bay, Dorfetfhire, in Pur- beck lfle, near Belkington. Worcester, a town of Mafiachu- fetts, the fli. re town of a county of the 3 L ii fame W O R fame name. It is the largeft inland town in New England, and is 34 miles W . of Bofton . * Worcester, a city of Worceflcr- flfire, capital of that county, feated on the river Severn, over which is a beautiful Hone-bridge, e reft ed in 1770. The prin- cipal inanufadlures are cf.horfe-hair cloth, broad cloth, gloves, and elegant china ware. Here arc 9 par'lh churches, 3 grammar- fchools, 7 hofpitals, an infirma- ry, a watcr-houfe, and a wall-contrived “quay. On September 3.1, 1651, King Charles II. at the head of a Scotch army, was defeated in and near this city, and the vanquifhed were almoft all either hilled or taken prifoners, and fold to the Ameri- can plantations. It is 118 miles WNW. of Tendon. Markets on Monday,' VV ednef- day, and Friday j and a confiderable bop market on Saturday. Fairs on the eve of Palm Suqday, the Saturday after Eafter, Augufr I5rh, and September 19th. Worcester- Park> Surry, between Mal- den and Nonfuch'. Worcestershire, a county of Eng- land, hounded on the N. and NW . by Shropshire and Stalfordfhire, on the E. by Warwickfhire, on the W . by Mercford- fiiire, and on the S. and SE. by Gloucef- terlhiie ; extending about GO iujles from N. to S. and ‘JO from E. to AVf It is divided into 7 -hundreds, containing 1 city, 10 market-towns, and 152 parifhes. 1 he air is very healthful, and the foil in the vales and meadows very fertile j particu- larly the rich vale of Evefhnm. The hills have generally an eafy afeent (except the Malvern-Hilis, in the SW. part of- the county) and feed large flocks of (beep. 1 he other hills are the l.icky, near Broml- grove, toward the N. and the Brcdon- llills, toward the S.' A number of rivers and rivulets water, the fine meadows-, and uive them a richnefs that is imparted to the butter and cheefe. Here is plenty of fruits of moft forts, efpeclally pears, which are in many places found growing in the hedges. The chief commodities are coal, with which this county abounds j corn, hops, wool, cloth, cheefe, fait, cider, and perry, the latter in great reputation. The iucipal rivers arc the Severn, Avon, emd or Temc, Stour, and Arrow. Worcum, a town of W. I'ricfland, feated on the Zuydcr-Zee, 18 miles SSW. of Lewardin. The harbour is blocked up with fend, but the inhabitants carry on a confiderable trade by means of their canals. iPordcfieldy Worccf. in Great Malvern W O R part At ’Ford- Forest, in the W. part of Suites. WojR.Di2JGP.ERG, a fea-port of mark, fituared on the S. coaft of Zealand, oppoflte the Ifland of Falfler. Wordsdll, Lane, on the Trwell, SW. of Manchdkr. Wotdsley, Staff. N. of Stour- bridge- IV or dwell, Suffolk, N. of Cul- ford. Wore , Shropf. on the Topofa hill, in Mucklciton parilh. Worgret , Dovietf a mile SW. of Warehuu. Waring ton, Devonf. NW. of Lifton. Work , Lincoln!", near Burnham, in the Ifle of Axholm. * Workington, a fca-port of Cum- berland, feated on the S. Fide of the river Derwent, near its mouth. The harbour will admit vclfels of confiderable burden, and large quantities of coals are conftantly exported to Ireland. The number of {hip- ping employed here is about 100. A little up the river, there are extenfive iron works and a fine falmon fiihery. Workington is 7 miles W* of Cockermouth, and 307 NW. of London. Worksbom , a river in Northumberland. * Worksop, a town in Nottingham- shire, near the canal from Chefterfield to the Trent. It is 24 miles N. of Notting- ham, and 146 N. by W. of London. The market, which is noted for plenty of malt and licorice, is on Wednesday. Worlaby , Line, on the river Ankam, N. of G landlord- Bridge. World's- End, Berks, S. of Eafi Bley. World' s- End, Herefordf. NW. of Marcley-Hill. Worle , Somerf. near Wefion-fuper-Mare. Wor- leston , Chelhire, near Namptwich. Wor- Jin ghainy -Suffolk, near Becclcs. Worling - toji, Suffolk, near Mildenhall. Worlingtou,. E. and W. Devonf. on the Dart, between King’s Hemet and Withcridge. Wor- lingzrorth, Suffolk, S. of Stradbjook, Wonnbridge , Herefordf. near Devc reu*y. H or meg ay, Norfolk, near SwafFham. JV\,r- mesley and its Grange, Herefordf SE. of Wcobly. War mil ill, Derby f in the High Peak. 'Worming ford, Eflex, on the Stour, E. of Hal fled. Wormingtoh , Glouc. 5 miles N. of Winchcombe. IVormincton- Grange, Glouc. in Didbrook pariih. Wor- mins/er , Somerf near Wells. Wormleigh- ton, Bedf. SE. of Potton. Wormleighton , Warw. NE. of Fenny Compton. Worm- ley, Herts, contiguous to Chelhunt, and a mileS. of Broxburn Won nicy, Oxf. near Stokcnchurch. Wormnatl , Bucks, be- tween the Chiltern Hills and Aylelbury. Worms, a bilhopric in the circle of Upper Rhine, furrftunded by the lower palatinate, about 10 miles in length along the Rhine. The bifhop is a iovereign prince W R A WOT prince of the empire. The city is free and imperial, and the magiftrates are Lutheran. It is feated near the weftern banks of the Rhine, 20 miles N’W. of Keidelburg. _ Wormsell , Kent, near Boughton-Mal- herl). Worm-wood Connnon, Middl. be- tween Paddington and Acton W ells. Worndon, Northumberl. near MoufewelJ. Worplesdcm, Surry, on the banks of New River, E. of Henley Park. Pharr all, Yorkf. NW. of She Hi eld. Wersall, Yorkf. on the Tees, W. of Yarnm. Worsborough , Yorkf. 3 miles S. of Barnefley. Worsham, Sufi'ex, W. of Mailings. W or slay, Lancaf. near Chatmofie and Wigan, where begins the Duke of Bridgewater’s Canal ; fee Ca- nal. Worship's Tower, Ifle of Wight, in W. Medina. Worsted, a town in Norfolk, re- markable for the invention, or firll twill- ing, of that fort of woollen yarn or thread, which from hence is called worded. Here is alfo a manufacture of worded duds, and of knit and wove dockings. It is 1.2 miles N. by E. of Norwich, and 120 NNE. of London. Market on Saturday. PVorsthorn, Lancaf. in Whalley parifh. Worston, Lane. NE. ofClithero. Worslon , N. of Stafford. Worth , Devonf. in Wafh- ington pariih. Worth , Dorletf. SE. of Cramhourn. Worth, or IP orde, Kent, a. mile S. ©f Sandwich. Worth, Suficx, in Worth Fored, E. of Meld. Worth, E. and W Dorfiifhirc, S. of Corfe-Caftle. Worth- Francis, Dorfetf. on the river JBirt, in Netherby pariih Worth- Malt ravers, Dorfetf. 2 miles SW. of Langton, in Pa heck ille. Wortham, Suffolk, near Buddefclale. Wortham, E. and lP r . Hants, near Alton. Worth-Castle, Hants, W. of Portfmouth. W or then, Shropf. near A don Pierot. Worthing , Norfolk, near Hoo and Swanton. Worthington , Lane, near the Dowles, N. of W igaii. IPorth- ington, Leicef. near Stanton-Harold. Wor- thy Dams, Hants, near Winebclter. W or ting, Sulfex, W. of New SUoreham. Worthy, Devonf. between Rowbc u h and S. Moulton. Worthy, Clone, in the parifh of Wotton-under- Edge. Wortley, Yorkf. near Wentworth, on the banks of the Don. Wortley, Yorkf. in the pariih of Leeds. Wortliham, Devon!. N. of Lifton. Wortov, Middl, in lileworth pa- rilh. Worton , Wilts, near the Devizes. Wort on. Lower and Upper, Oxford!, near Deddington. Wortwell, Norfolk, hear Harledon. Warvil, Shropf. N E. of h' ridge- north- Wosaken, Chefhirc, in Mai pas pa- “ rifh. Wotton, SW. of Bedford. Wotton, Berks, near Abingdon. W otton, Cornwall, NW. of Sal talb. Wotton , near .Qlcucede/. Woiton , Hants, W. of Badngftoke. I r ot- to a, Hie of Wight, in E. Medina. TVot- fon, Kent, 3 miles NE. of Elham. Pfot- ton, Lincolnf. NE. of Glandford- Bridge. Wotton , Norfolk, near Saxlijrgham. Wot- ton , S. of Northampton. Wotton, Woodton, ox Walton at Stone, Herts, W. of Saw- comb." Wotton, Oxf. near Tame. Wotton , Shropf. E. of Ofwedry. Wotton, Somerf. near Pilton. Wotton, Suficx, E. of Dich- ling. Wotton, SuflTex, near Pevenfey-Marlh. Wotton- Abbots ; fee Wotton- Abbas. Wotton-Basset, a town in Wilt- diire, 30 miles N. by W. of Salifbury, and SO W. of London. Market on Friday. Wotton- Courtney, Somerf. 4 miles from Minehead. Wotton Fitzpain, Dorfetlhire, near Lyme. Wotton Glan/ield, Dorfetf. near the Vale of White Hart. Wotton , Great and Little, Lane. SE. of Liverpool. Woiton, Lower and Upper, Surry, b miles from Darking, near the bottom of White Down. Wotton , N. and S. Norfolk, N. of Lynn. Wotton, North, Dorfetf, S. of Shcrborn. Wotton, North, Somerf. NE. of Glandonbury, by Sedgmoor. Wotton - Rivers, Wilts, near Savernake-Fored. Wotton' s- End, Gloucdlerf. in Wefterleigh /. arilh. Wotton, South, Somerfetfhire, S. of Glaftonbury. * Wotton-under-Edge, a town in Gloucdlcrfiiire, feated under the hills, with a confiderable woollen manufacture. It it 18 miles S. of Gloucefter, and 108 WNW. of London. Market on Friday. IP’ ot 'ton- unde r-Weaver- LI ill. Staff. Wot- ton Underwood , Bucks, near Bernwood- Pored. Woughton, Bucks, near 'Stem - Stratford. Would- Newton, Line. W. < f LiulburgU. Would- Newton, Yorkf N. of Kilham. Woulswor/h, Gloucef. E. of Wotton-under-Edge. Wrabncss, Efifey, \\ . of Harwich. W ragey, a town of Lincolnfhire, 8 miles NE. of Lincoln. Market on Thurfday. PVraghy, Yorkf. SW. of PontefraCl. W ram pi high am, Norfolk, NW . of Wind- ham. Wrangle, Lin'-. S. of Wain fleet. \\ r ath. Cape, a v.xd promontory <- f Sutherlandfliire, which forms the NW. point of Britain, it is juftly the dread of •mariners ; for againft its rugged and lofty clifls the rapid tide barfts with incredible fury. Lat. 58-. 3 j. N. Ion. 4. 44. W, Wratting, Great and Little, SuffoDj, N. of Haverili. Wrut.tir.g-T alow, Sulfoll , g 7 n fi n Newmarket. Wra w- by. Line, near Glandford- Bridge. Wr ax- hall, Upper and Lower, Dorfetf. b , < on Cerne- Abbey and Bemitdfer, d , awn all, h L y Somerf, W R I Somerfetf. near Briftol. Wraxhall, Nortk, Wilts, between Marfhfield and Chippen- ham. Wraxhall , South , Wilts, N. of Bradford. Wray , Lane, in Amounder- nefs. Wraysbury, Bucks, on the Thames, oppofite Egham. An ifland in the river, and in this parifh, is ftill called Charter Ifland for in this ifland, it is faid, the Great Charter was figned by King John, although his c'onfent was extorted in Runny Mead. Wraysh olm- T otter, Lan- caf. S. of Cartmel, by the Ken Sands. Wrechitick- Green, Oxf. near Amerfden. iVrecklesham , Surry, near Fnrnham. W re- kin- Hill, Shropf. E. of Shrewsbury ; the higheft ground in the county, well adorn- ed. Wrekton, Yorkf. W. of Pickering. Wrenbury , Chcfhire, on the Weaver, SW. of Namptwich. Wreningham , Great and Little, with Nelonde , Norfolk, near Windham. Wrentham, Suffolk, S. ofHenfled. Wren thorp, Yorkihire, near Wakefield. Wrentuull, Shropffire, near Penderbach. Wrentuge , Somerfetf. near N. Curry. Wresscdl, or Wreshifl, Yorkf. on the Derwent, NW. of Howden. Wrest-JJouse , Bedf. near Silfoc. Wrest- tingworth, Bedf. SE. ofPotton. Wretham , or W rot ham, East or Great , North or West , and Thorp or Little , Norfolk, ham- lets SW, of Shropham. W reton , Chef. N. of Kinderton. Wretton, Norfolk, W. of Stoke. * W r exham, a town in Denbighfhire, the mofit populous one in the county, and indeed in all N. Wales. W 7 rexham is of Saxon origin, and retains the language and appearance of an Englifh town, it has an ancient Gothic church, whofe lofty fleeple, for curious architecture, is reckon- ed one of the fineft in England. Mere is a confiderable manufacture of Welfh flan- nels, and a large cannon foundry. It is ieated on a river, which falls into the Dee, in a country affording plenty of lead, 1 1 miles SSW. of Cheflcr, and 188 NW. of London. Markets on Monday and r ! hurfday. Fairs on March 23d, Holy Thurfday, June Gt’n, and September lQth. Wribbenhall, Worcef. a hamlet to Kid- der ini idler . Wriggleton, Scmerf. between Philip’s-Norton and Rodfloke. Weight- hold, L i n c. S . o f D un n i n g t on . Wrightiug- ion, Lane. NW. of Wigan. Wrimjord, or Wr inchill, Staff. 4 miles W. of New- caftle- under- Line. Wringworthy, De- von {hi re, in Mary-Tayey parifli. Wrinton, a town in Somcrfetffire, Rated jinxing the Mendip II ills, 9 miles NNW. of Wells, and 125 \V. of London. Market on Tupfday. W U R Writtle, Eflex, a mile from Chelmsford. Wrockerdine , Shropf. near Wellington. Wroth am, a town in Kent, 1 i miles NW. by W. of Maidflone, and 24 SE. by E. of London. Market on Tuefday. Wrolham-Parh, Middl. near Barnet. Wrottesley, Staff. NW. ofWolverhamp ton. Wroughton, Wilts, S. of Swindon. W roxeter, a town of Shropfhire, on the Severn, 5 miles SE. of Shrewfbury. It was known to the Romans ; is faid to have been built by the Britons, was 3 miles in circumference, and is fuppoled to have fuffered much by the Saxons. Traces of a bridge over the river are yet difeern- ible, when the water is low j as alfo of a wall 3 yards broad ; and a deep trench, ou tilde, with which the town was former- ly environed. Wroxhall , Warwick!, a mile SW. of Iloniley, near Old Stratford. Wroxham, Norfolk, on the Bure, NE. of Rackheath. Wroxton, Oxf. a mile NW. of Banbury. Wrungey, or IVonngey, Norfolk, near Shouidham. Wrynose- Hill, a mountain of Cumb. remarkable for its 3 {hire {tones, diftant about a foot from each other, viz. one is in this county, one in Lancaf. and the third in Weflmorl. Wuljall, Wilts, near Great Bedwln. Wulfencott, or Oven- cote, Warwick!, near Willoughby. Wul- lerton, Shrop!. SE. of Frees. W alley, Durham, NW. of Rranfpeth-Caflle. W ul pit, or Woolpit, a town in Suffolk, fituated in the road between Bury and Ipfwich, 8 miles E. of the for- mer, and 79 NE. of London. Market on Thurfday. A horfe fair, which lafts for a week, from September 1 6th. Wulscot, Derbyf. NW . of Wirkfworth. Wulsthorp , Nottingh. in Lowdham pa- rifih. Wulston, Cornwall, in St. Ives pa- rifh. Wulston, Durham, N. of Stockton. Wulston, or Wolsion, Warwick!. SE- of Coventry. Wulstey-Castle, Cumberl.W. of .Abbey- Holm • Wulvescote , or Woscote , Warwickf. near Granborough. W urney, a river in Mont gomeryfhire. Wurspur , York{hire, S. of Burton-Grange. WURTEMBURG, or WlRTEMBURC, a fovereign duchy of Germany, in Suabia, S. cl the palatinate of the Rhine, and the territories of Spire, Hohenloe, and Hall, it is about 65 miles in length, and as much in breadth, and the river Ncekar runs almoft through the middle of it, from S. to N. Though it abounds with moun- tains and woods, yet it is one ot the moft populous and fertile countries in Ger- many, producing plenty ol pailure, corn, fruit, excellent wine, timber, and lilk. There are alfo mines and lalt-fprings. WYE with plenty of fifli and game. The duchy contains dS cities and large towns, 1200 market-towns, villages, and hamlets, and about 48,000 inhabitants. The caffle of Wurtemberg, which gives name to the' duchy, lies 4 miles E. of Stutgard, the capital. . . Wurtzburg, a city ot t’ranconia, capital of a bilhopric of the fame name, and the refidence of the bilhop. It was anciently the refidence of certain dukes cf Thuringia. It contains an epifcopal pa- lace, a cathedral, feveral collegiate anti parifli churches, abbeys, and convents, a univerfity, and an hofpital, in which are o-eneraliy 400 poor men and women. It is feated on the river Maine, 40 miles N. by W. of Bamberg. Lat. 49. 40. N. Ion. 10. S3. E. Wurtzburg, a blfhopric of Iranco- nia, about 76 miles in length, and 58 in breadth, divided into 50 bailiwicks. The foil is very fertile, and produces more corn and wine than tfie inhabitants can confume. The territories of the bifhop comprehend above 400 towns and villages, of which he is fovereign, being one of the crreateft ecclefiafiicalprincesof the empire. & Wyberson . , Bedf. in the parilh of Eaton- Socon. Wych, Dorfetf. 3 miles N. of Corfe, or Pool Bay. Wych, Dorfetfliire, near the harbour of Bridport. Wyck, part of the city of Maeftricht, on theE. fide of the Meufe. Wyck-te-Duerstede, a town of Utrecht, 13 miles SE. of that city. * Wycomb, Chipping, or High Wycome, a town of Buckirighamfhire, feated on the river Wyck, on which, as well as on the Loddon, are many corn and paper-mills, 12 miles SSE. of Aylef- bury, and 31 NNW. of London. A large corn- market on Friday. Wycomb , West, a village of Bucks, 2 miles W. of Chipping Wycomb. Wye, a town in Kent, feated on the river Stour, 10 miles SSW. of Canter- bury, and 56 ESE. of London. Market on Thurfday. Wye, a river of S. Wales, which iflu- ing out of Plynlimmon-llill, very near the fourceof the Severn, croiles the NW. cor- ner of Radnorfliire, giving name to the town of Rayadergowy, or the Fall of the Wye, where it is precipitated in a cala- ra£l. Then flowing between this county $nd Brecknocklhire, it croiVcs Hereford- w Y R {hire, and dividing the counties of Glou- cefier and Monmouth, falls into the Se- vern below Chepftow, This river is na- vigable almofi to the Hay, and a canal is made to form a communication between it and the Severn, from Hereford to Glou* cefter. The romantic beauties of the Wye, which flows in a deep bed, between lofty rocks clothed with hanging woods, and here and there crowned by ruined oaf- ties, have frequently employed the dc- feriptive powers of of the pen and pencil, and frill attradl the curiofity of travellers. Wye, a ever in Dcrbyflvre, which riles in the NW. part of the county, above Buxton, and flowing SE. falls into the Derwent below Bakewell. Wye- Down, Kent, is part of a ridge of hills, beginning at Chatham and ending at the fea, be- tween Folkfione and Hythe. Wyerton, Kent, near Maidftone. Wyham, Lincolnf. near Ludburgh. Wyke, Dorfetf. a mile from Gillingham. Wyke, Dorfetf. in Halflock parifli. Wyke- Regis, Dorfetf. near Melcomb, and the ferry to Portland Ifle. Wykes , Ellex, near Beckingham. Wykes, Suffolk, near Ipfwich. Wykin p Warwick!. NE. of Coventry. Wyl, orWEYL, a town of St. Gajl, in Swifl’erland, capital of a bailiwick. It is 16 miles SSW. of Conftance. Wyley , Eflex, SE. of Wivenhoe. Wy - mondham, Leicef. S. ofWaltham-on-the- Would. Wymondham. See Windham. Wynandermere. See Winder- mere. Wynendale, a town of the late Au- flrian Flanders, where general Webb, in the year 1708, as he was conveying a great fupply of provifions to the allied army before Lifle, was attacked by 24,000 French, but though he had only 6000 men, he defeated the enemy, and arrived fafe at Lifle. Wynniton , Cornwall, SE. of Mount’s- Bay. Wynster and Wyre, rivers in Lan- cafhire. Wyre, a river of Luxemburg. Wyredale, Lancaf. a lonely village near Wyredale- 1' oreft, at the fource of the Wyre. Wyre Forest, Worcef. nearBcwd- ley. Wyre Hill , or Hall, Middlefex near Edmonton. Wythington , Gloucef. near Dowdefwell. Wython, Yorkfliire, N. of Headon, in Holdernefs. Wyyerton 9 iSoi- folk, SW of Clay. SL 4 XABEA, X E R X U D ~\7~ ABEA, a fea port of Valgntia, in Spain, 38 miles NNE. of Alicant. Xacca, or Siacca, a fea port of Si*- cily, in the valley of Mazara', feated on the SW. coaft, 20 miles SE. of Mazara, and 41 SSW. of Palermo. Xagu a, a large bay on the S. coafl of the illand of Cuba, one of the fin eft ports in America. It is 15 miles in circumfe- rence, and is furrounded with mountains, which break off the force of the winds. Lon. 81. 20.,W. Xalapa, a town of Tlafcala, in Mexi- co, containing about 2000 inhabitants, is faid to give name to the purgative root, called jalap, or xalap, and is 63 miles E. of Puebla de los Angelos. XALisco,a t©wn*of Mexico, capital of a province of the fame name. It is 9 miles NW. of Compoftella Nuova. Xalisco, a province of Mexico, in the audience of Guadalajara, W . of Mechoa- Can and Guadalajara Proper, and N. and E. of the S. Pacific Ocean, about 150 miles in length, and the fame in breadth. Jt abounds with Indian wheat and filver mines, but has very few cattle of any fort, Xalon, a river of Spain, in Old Gtftile, •which rifes near Medina Celi, and runs into the Ebro, about 2 leagues above Sa- ragolia. Xativa, formerly a flourifhing town of Spain, in Valencia, hut tiding with Charles III. in 1707, Philip V. ordered it to be demojifhcd, and a new town to be built, called St. Fclipd. It is 29 miles S. of Valencia. Xavier, Island of. See Agrig- NAN. Xavier, a town of Spain, in Navarre, about 3 miles E. of Sanguefa. It was the native place of the celebrated mif- fionary of that name. Xenil, a river of Spain, which rifes in Grenada, and runs into the Guadalquiver, about a league below Ecija. Xeres-de-Badajoz, a town of Spain, in Eftramadura, 10 miles S. of Badajox. XeRES DE-LA-pROiNTERA, a town of Seyijj, in Andalufia, famous for its excel- lent wines, corruptly called fherry. It is feated near the river Guadaleta, 15 miles NNE. of Cadiz. Xeras-de-la%Fro nt era, a townrof Mexico, in the province of Zacatecas. Xeres-de-Guadiana, a town of Andalufia, feated near the river Guadiana, a little to the N. of St. Lucar. Xeres, Nova, a town of’Venezuela, in Terra Pinna. Xerica, a town of Valencia, in Spain, 7 miles NW. of Segorba Xerito, a finall river of Arragon, in Spain, which runs into the river Arra- gon, Xerumenha, a town of Alentejo, 35 miles E. of Evora. Xicoco, an ifiand of japan, about 90 miles in length, and nearly as many in breadth, near the SW. extremity of Ni- phon, from which it is feparated by a lira it full of fmall ifiands, and to the NE. of Ximo. It has feveral convenient har-« hours, and there are many towns within the ifiand. Xicona, a town of Valencia, 13 miles N. of Alicant, Xiloca, a river of.Spain, which rifes about 7 miles NE. from Albaracin, in Ar- ragon, and at Calatajud, changes its name to Xalon. XiMENES, a town of Leon, in Spain, 10 miles S. of Altorga. Xi-mo, an ifiand of Japan, fuppofed to be upwards of 300 miles in circumference, exclufive of the bays and creeks. It has a ccmfklerable number of cities and towns, with fome good harbours, and is reckoned the Lcond ifiand in point of fizeand emi- nence. It is fituated to the SW. of Ni- phon, from which it is divided by a nar- row channel. Xivry-le-Pr anc, a town in the de- partment of the Mofelle, 9 miles S. of Long wy. Xu car, a river in Spain, which rifes in New Caftile, and palling by Cuenza, Alarcon, &c. in Valencia, runs into the Mediterranean, about 24 miles S. of the city of Valencia. Xu D nog ROD, a town of Croatia. Y, a towr* Y A N Y A R Y a town of China, of the fecond ^ rank, in the province of Petcheli, 55 miles SW. of Peking. Y, a town of Cliina, of the fecond rank, in the province of Setchuen, on the bor- ders of Thibet, 840 miles SW . of Peking. Yabmgton, Hants, NE. of Winchester. Yadkin, a river in N. Carolina, which runs into the Great Pedee, about 9 miles SW. of Salem. , „ Ya fford, Y orkfhi re, near Northallerton. Y aik, a river ofRuffia. See Ural. YaikCossacs. See Uralian Cos- sack. Yaitsk. See Uralsk. Yakut sk, a town of Raffia, in the go- vernment of Irkutfk, capital of a province to which it gives name. It contains be- tween 5 and 600 houfes, and is defended tween j auu uvv/ — by a wooden fort. It is fituatecl on the river Uena, 960 miles NE. of irkutfk. VC1 J *• . Yaldham, , Kent, in Wrotham parilh. Yaldi/ig. Kent, 4 miles S. of Wed Mai- ling, has a Hone bridge over the Medway. Yale, a town, capital of a diffridt in the Ifiand of Ceylon, 56 miles SSE. of Yalepul, a town in the ifiand of Ceylon, fituated near the E. coaft, 96 mdes SE.’ of Candi. Yalme, a river in Devonfhire, which runs into the Englifh C hannel at ial- mouth, about 7 miles SE. of Plymouth. Yu hue ton, or Yampt n, Devon f. on the river Yalme, SE. of Plymouth. Ethel- wald, one of the Saxon kings, had his chief palace here. Yanesborough- Castle, Wilts, on the Willybourn, SE. of Heytesbury, has the traces of an oval camp, fuppofed to be Danifh, as the Roman camps are generally fquare and fingle trenched. It is 362 paces long, and has three extremes. Yaneton, or Heanton, Devonf. NW. of Barnffaple. Yangli, a town of China, of the fe- cond rank, in the province of Quangfi, about 1157 miles SSW. of Peking. Yangtcheou, a city of China, of the firff rank, in the province of Kiangnan. It is extremely populous, chiefly by the faleand dillribution of fait, that is made on the adjoining fca coafls, carries on a great trade in all manner of Chinefe works, and is fituated on the Great or Royal Canal, which extends from the Takiang northwards to the river Hoangho, or the Yellow River, 485 miles SSE, of Peking, Yanctse, a river of China, which rifes, however, in the mountains of Thibet, where it is called Kincha ; it pa lies through the Chinefe province of Setchuen, and enters the province of Houquang, where it changes its name to Yangtfe, after which it erodes the province of Kiangnan, and empties itfelf into the fea, about 120 miles E. from Nanking. This river changes its name in almoft every province through which it palles. Yamvath,- Weffmorland, S. of Penrith, near the conflux of theLoder and Eimot. Near it is Mayborough Caffle, a curious monument of antiquity, confiding of im- menfe Hones leading to an area 88 yards in diameter. Yaongan, a city of China, of the firff rank, in the province of Yunnan. It con- tains only two towms, but has a confide- rable territory. The adjoining foreHs pro- duce abundance of muik. Near the city is a well of fait water, from which they make verv white fait. It is 1175 miles SW. of Peking. Yanworth, Gloucefferfhlre, a hamlet to Hafleton. Yapton, Suffex, SW. of Arun- del. Yarborough Castle, Wilts. Yar- burgh, Lincolnlhire, 2 miles W . of Thorn- ton, gives name to a hundred, and has the ruins of a Roman camp. Yarcomb , Devonfhire, W. of Chard, is properly Yarticomb, from the river Yarty, which rifes under the Black Down Hills. Yar- comb, Somcrfetfhire, near Whitffanton. Yardbury, Devonfhire, near Honiton- Yardley , Herts, SW. of Buutingford. Yardley, Norfolk, NE. of Loddon. Yard- ley -, Somerferfhire, near Wokey. Yardley * Staff, near Talk-on-the-Hill. Yardley , W orcef. in the NE. part, adjoining King’s Norton. Yardley Chace and Hastings , Northampton!, near Caftie- Afhby. Yard - ley-Gobbins, Northamp. NW. of Stony- Stratford. Yardup, Northumberl. NW. of Harehangh. Yardstick, Chefhire, W. of Sandbach. Y are, a river of Norfolk, which rifes near the NW. part of the county, and pafies by Norwich, whence it is navigable to Yarmouth, below which it falls into the German Ocean. It is noted for plenty of ruff's. Yaresthorp , Y orkfhi re, W. of New Mai ton. Yarkhill, Herefordfhire, between Stretton and Hereford. Yurlet, N. of Stafford. Yarlington , Somcrfetfhire, W. of W incanton. ♦Yarmouth, Great, a confiderable fea YAR fen- port of Norfolk, feated on the river Yare, by means of which, it has the ex- port and import trade of Norwich, and various places in Norfolk and Suffolk, 22 miles E. of Norwich, and 123 NE. of London. Its harbour will not admit (hips of large burden ; but it is extremely con- venient for bufmefs, the veflels lying in the river, along a very extenfive and com- modious quay, planted with trees. Irs foreign trade is chiefly to the Baltic, Hol- land, Portugal, and the Mediterranean. It alfo fends fhips to the Greenland fifhery. The home fifhing is carried on at two fea- i'ons, that for mackarel in May and June, and that for herrings in October and No- vember.* Of thefe laft, 50,000 barrels are generally taken and cured in one year ; about 150 veflels, of forty or fifty tons burden, being annually employed in the fifhery. The herrings are chiefly cured here hy halting, and then drying them in wood fmoke ; when, under the name of red herrings, they are either con fumed at home, or exported to Spain, Italy, and other fouthern countries. Yarmouth is much frequented in the f afon as a plac£ for fea-bathing. The town confifis of about 1500 houfes, and there are a few pretty wide, ftreets, and a fpacious market- place ; but they are dnefiy very narrow, are called rows, and are juft wide enough for their little carriages to pafs through. Thefe carriages are a kind of fledge, or very fmall cart, drawn by one horfc, and calculated entirely for thefe narrow frrects. A lofty fteeple here ferves as a landmark for mariners at fea ; but which ever way it is viewed, it appears crooked. Off the mouth of the harbour is a bar, which pre- vents the entry of fhips of large burden ; and the roads, E. of the tewn, within the dangerous fands and banks of the Offing, are much frequented, though noted for frequent (hipwrecks. Markets on Wed- nefday and Saturday; Yarmouth, a borough of the Ifle of Wight, in Hampfhire, feated on the north- weftern part of the ifland, on the fea -there, 8 miles NNYV. of Newport, and 99 SW. of London. Market on Friday. Yarkan. See Ireken. Yarnescomb, Devonf. SE. of Biddeford. Yarn field, Staff". SW. of Stone. Yum ton, 3 .miles from Oxford, in the road to Wood- ffock. Yarnton-Hall, Warw. near Bir- mingham. Yaroslaf, a government of Huflia, W. of the government of Koftrem. Its capital, of the fame name, which is noted for the m a mi fair n re of Ruffia leather, is feated at the confluence of the river Volga, Y E L with the Kotor oil, 140 miles NNE. of Mofcow. Yarpo/l, Heref. near Croft-Caftlc. Yar- row, J arrow, or Gyrwi, Durham, on the Tyne, 5 miles E. of Newcaftle. Yarrow - J laugh , North umberl. on the N. Tyne, E. of Eaunot-Haugh. Yarty , Devonf. near Membury. * V arum, a town in the N. Riding of Y orkfhire, feated on the river Tees, over which is a handfome ftone bridge, and which is navigable for fmall craft to the fea. It is 4 miles SW. of Stockton, and 38 N. by W. of York. Market on Thurfclay. Yaru ell- Lodge, Northamp. E. of King’s Clift. Yarwich , Northumb. »ear Hexham. Yason, Hereford f. S. of Weobly. * Yate, Glouc. a mile W. of Chipping Sodbury. Yateley , Hants, near Blackwater. Yate - minster, Dorfctf. 3 miles NW. of Stoke- wood, near the river Ivcl. Yatesbury , Wilts, NE. of Caine. Yattleton Hill, Gloucefterf. S. of Newent. Y at ting don , Berks, between E. Ilfley and Theal. Yatton, Heref. N. of Ilofs. Yatton , lie- ref. on the Lug, SE. of Wigmore Caftle. Yatton, Somerf. SW. of Briftol. Yuver- land, Ifle of Wight, in E. Medina. Yax- hum, Norfolk, S. of E. Dereham. Yaxley, a town in Huntingdonfhire, where barracks have been lately creeled upon a large feale. It is 14 miles N. by W. of Huntingdon, and 78 N. by W. of London. Market on Tuefday. Yaxley, Suffolk, NW. of Eye. Yeadon , Yorkf. \V. Riding, in Gifley parilh. Yeal- dam. Great and Little, Elfex, N. of Caf- tle-Heningham, Yeanworth, Glouccftcrf.- W. of North leach. Yearnwood, Upper and Lower, Shropf. on the Severn, NE. of Clebury. Ysasthorp, York!', near New Milton. Ycdding-Grcen, Mkkflefex, NE. of Hayes. Yedingham, Y orkfhire, on the Harford River, SE. of Pickering. Yeanas- ton and Yeldersley, between Alhborn and Derby. Yeldon, Bedfordf. near Shelton. Yelford, Oxfordf. between Bampton and Witney. Yell, one of the Shetland Iflands, N. of that called Mainland. It is 20 miles long and about 7 bread, and has feveral good harbours. The inhabitants live com- fortably, having plenty of fuel, and catch- ing imiTvenfe quantities' of fmall ffflv Yelling, Hunting, near the Papworths. Yelling ton, Northumb. near Skirnwood. Yelsled Kent, near Stocklntry. Y elver tojt, Northamptonfhire, N. of Daventry. Yel - vertou, Norfolk* between Norwich and Loddon.. Yemen, a divifion of Arabia, fur- 4 rounded YES TOE ounded by tl.c Red Sea, ani the pro- truces of Hadramaut, Nejerl, and Hedjas. It is parcelled out among difierent fove- eions, feme of them confiderable princes, ' the iman, who refides at Sana, and pof- feffes the mod itlterefting part of this trait of country. Others are called Ihe.ks, tf chiefs of large villages; and haktns, if of fmall ones ; who are, however, pe - fectly independent. Coftee is almoft the only article exported. Yendon, a river in Staffordlhire. Yenisei, a large river of Sibe.ia, which rites near Chincfe Tartary, and running from N. to s. enters the Frozen Ocean, E. of the Bay of Oby. . , Yeniseisk, a town of Siberia, in the government ofTohohk, and province of Tomlk. It is leated on the \ enifei, and contains three churches, a monaftery, a nunnery, and an exchange, and pays an annual tribute of ikms to tne crown. Lat. 57. 46. N. Ion. 92. 35. E. . Ycnlode, or Evenlode, a river in Staff. Yenston , Somerfetf. between the Cadburies and Stalbridge. , Yentcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Tchekiang. Yeo, Devonfhire, in A din-ton panlh. Yeoverin, Northumh. m ^lendale. Yeo- verin-Hill , Northumberl. W. of \\ ooler- It is a deep and lofty mountain, one ot the NW. Cheviots; on its fummit and lides there appear fcveral works of remote antiquity, imputed to the Druids, it is thought to have been a facred mount ufed in fire worfhip. * Yeovil, a town in Somerfetlnire, with a confiderable market on Friday for corn, checfe, hemp, ttax, and provifions, and a manufacture ofleather gloves. U isfeated on the river lvcl, 4 nines S. ot llchefter, and 123\V . by S. of London. Yerdesley , Chef. NE. of Macclesfield. Yerefy, Yorkf. between Pickering- boreft and the fea. Yeresley , * orkf. *>VV . ot Hovingham. _ . , . Yesd, a tewn of Perfia, in I rac- A ge- nii, on the road from Kerman to Ifpahan. It has a filk manufactory, and the inha- bitants make the fmeft carpets m the world. It is 2. 0 miles E. of ifpahan. Yesington, Northumb. in the jordfhip of Woofer. Yestley, or 1st by, SE. of Ox- ford. Yetminsier, Dorfeti. W. of the Vale of White- Hart, Yeveley, Dcrbyf. m Shirley parifh. Yeveney , Middled vV . ot Stan well. Yockleton , SW. of Shrewsbury. Yoke fate, Yorkf. on the Humber, SE. of Howden . Yokenthzeaile , Y orkf. W . h id- ing, on the Wharf'e, near,Langftrethdalc- Chace. Yoke s- Court, .Kent, m Frinftcd Barifh. Yolands, Kent, near Godmerffiatr. L , t-v r flu, f-T.o-K Ppnh.. yon- Yolgrave , Derbyf. in the High Peak. Yon - clover, Dorfetf. near Beminfter. Yonne, a department ot b ranee, IN. of the dept, of Nievre. It is fo called from a river that rifes Tn the dept, of Nievre, paffes by Chateau- Chinon, An- xerre, Sens, &c. below which laft it falls into the Seine. Auxerre is the capital, * York, an ancient city of \orkfhire, of which it is the capital. It has alfo been confidered as the capital of the North, and, in point of rank, as the fecond city in t'he kingdom ; but it is now furpafled in tne Kinguom , - - - i - in wealth and populoufnefs by many ot the more modern trading tow ns. I be tne more mwun X \ , minfter is reckoned the mod elegant and ma-nificent Gothic flrudlnre in the king- dom, Lincoln, perhaps, excepted, f rom its top is feen a valt extent of country, particularly the open W olds to the E. ff retching altnoft to the fea. It is divided by the river Otife into two parts, which are united by a fiately ftone bridge of five arches. The cattle, built by Vv illiam the Conqueror, is now a county pnfon for debtors and felons. Among the charita- ble foundations is an afylum for lunatics, by much the fined and pleafanteft m Eng- land. The river Oufe is navigable to this city for veficls of 70 tons burden, al- though it is 60 miles from the fea. Hie title of lord was firft annexed to the office of mayor by Rivard IL The city has iurifdidlion over 36 villages and hamlets, \V. of the Oufe, called the Liberty of Dinfty. Its members claim a feat m the Houfe of Commons, next to the citizens of London, upon what is called the privy counfciiors bench. V ork is 197 miles N. by W. of London. Markets on Tuefday, Th.urfday, Friday, and Satur- day . , Yorkshire, the larged county m England, bounded on the N. by Weft- mot-land, and the bifhopric of Durham ; on the E. by the German Ocean ; on the S. bv Liucolnfhire, Noitinghamflnre, and Derbyfhire ; on the SW. by a fmall part of Chefhire; on the W. by Lancashire ; and on the NW, by Weftmerland- It. extends 90 miles from N. to S. and l b from E. to W. 'Phis county is divided into three Ridings; the N. Riding con- taining 12 wapentakes; the E. 7; and the W. 12. it contains 1 city, 60 mar- ket-towns, 563 parifnes, and 2330 vil- lages. The air and foil of this extcnfive county vary extremely; the E. Riding, on account of its neighbourhood to i ic German Ocean, is more inclined to in* midity than the other ridings; hut this inconvenience • YOR inconvenience decrcafcs in proportion as the country recedes from the fea. How- ever, where the air is molt indifferent, the for l is mo ft fruitful ; for on the hilly parts 6f this .riding, efpecially in what is'ealied the York Wolds, the foil is generally bar- ren, dry, and fan dy ; great numbers of lean (keep are therefore fold hence, and fent into other counties to be fattened for the market. The W. Riding enjoys a fharp, but healthy air, and the land, on the weftern fide, is hilly, ftony, and not very fruitful ; but the intermediate valiies conftft of much good meadow ground, and alfo pafturc for the Jargeft cattle! Much flax is grown here, and large plan- la' ions of licorice, about Pontefradt. On the fide next the river Oufe, the foil is rich, producing .wheat and barley ; and, in its worft parts, very good oats. Its either commodities' are iron, coal, i<;t, alum, hories, and goats. Here the cloth! ing manufactures principally fkmrifh. The N. Riding, in general, exceeds the other two in the falubrity and coldnefs of the air. The worft parts breed lean cat- tle ; but on the fides of the hills, in the valiies, and plains, it produces good corn, and rich paftcres for large cattle : in the diftrict of Pickering, winch forms theNE. corner of Yorkfhire, and confilts of a very extenfive, fecluded, and fertile vale, is a folTile marl, produced by a petrifying fpring, very beneficial for improving land. Rape and potatoes are grown here in great quantities. Richmondfhire, on the NW. of this riding, was formerly a county of- itfelf ; here many lead- mines are worked to great advantage. In Yorkfhire, like- wife, are the diftridls of Cleveland, Hol- dernefs, and Craven. T he principal rivers of Yorkfhire are the Northern Oufe, and thofe .which fall into it, as the Don, the Derwent, the Calder, the Aire, the Wharfe, the Nyde, and the Youre, all which terminate in the Humber, which falls into the German Ocean, between Yorkfhire and Lincolnfhire. Here are like wile the Tees and thg Hull. York, New, one of the United States of America* bounded on -the SE. by the Atlantic Ocean 5 on the E. by Connecti- cut, Maffachufetts, and Vermont; on the N. by the 45th deg. of lat. which divides it from Canada ; on theNW. by the river St. Lawrence, and the Lrfkcs Ontario and Erie ; and on the SW. and S. by Penn- fy Ivan id and New Jerfey. It is about 350 miles long, and 300 broad, and is di- vided into 13 counties. New York, in general, is interfered by ridges of moan- Y O R tains running in a NE. and SW. direc- tion. Beyond the Allegany Mountains, however, the country' is pretty level, of a fine rich foil, covered in its natural ftate, with various kinds of trees. Eaft of thefe mountains it is broken into hills, with rich intervening valiies. The hills are thickly clothed with timber, and, when cleared, afford fine pafturc. The valiies, when cultivated, produce wheat, hemp, flax, peas, grafs, oats, and Indian corn. Of the commodities produced from culture, wheat is the ftaple, of which immenfe quantities are raifed and exported. The heft fends in this province, which lie along the Mohawks River, and W. of the Al- legany Mountains, are yet in a ftate of nature, cr are juft beginning to be fettled. This ftate abounds with feveral fine rivers and lakes. The number of inhabitants, in 1771, was 148,124 whites, and 19,883 blacks ; total 168,007. The capital is of the fame name. Y 7 ork, New, a city of N. America, capital of the ftate of the fame name. It is lituated at the SW. point of an ifiand, at the confluence of Hudfon and Eaft Ri- vers, and is about four miles in circumfe- rence. The fit nation is both healthy and pleafar.t. Surrounded on all fides by wa- ter, it is refrefhed by cool breezes in fum- mer, and the air in winter is more tem- perate than in other places under the fame parallel. York liland is fifteen miles in length, and hardly one in breadth, it is joined to the main by a bridge, called King’s bridge. The channels between Long and Staten I !i ands, and between Long and York Blands, are fo narrow as to occafion an unufual rapidity of the tides, which is increased by the confluence of the waters of Hudfon and Eaft Rivers. T his rapidity, in general, prevents the obftrucVion of the channel by ice. There is no bafin or bay for the reception of fhips, but the road where they lie iu Eaft River is defended from the violence of the fea by. the iilands which interlock with each other, fo that, except that of Rhode- Ifiand, the harbour of New Y ork, which admits fhips of any burden, is the belt of the United States. A few houfes here are built after the old Dutch manner, but the EngJiJh take has prevailed alnioft a cen- tury. In time of peace, more commercial bufinefs is done here than in any other port in the United Slates. The number of inhabitants, in 1786, was 23,614. Lat. 40. 48. N. Ion. 74. b. W. Y’ork Port, in Hudfon’s Bay he principal eJUblilhment of the companvof that Y U N Y O X [hat name; this place has upwards of one Hind red men at it, who fend home annu- tlly, from itfelf and four fubordinate feU dements, about .20,000 ikins. Vork-Town, a fmall town of "Vir- ginia, fituated on the S. fide of York Ri- ver, IS miles E. of Williamfburgh. • York' Wolds, a heap of hills in the mid- dle of the E. Riding of \ orkfhire. \ork- ion, Shropf. NE. of Albrighton. York, formerly Torento, a town of Canada, fituated on the NW. coaft of lake Ontario, in lat. 43. 25. N. and Ion. 79. 20. W. Alfo a town of Pcnnfyl- vania, 72 miles W. of Philapel phia ; a town in the diftriCI of Main, 50 miles NNE. of Bofton j and a county of Vir- ginia. ' Yotcheou, a city of China, of the firft rank, in the province of Houquang, fituated on the Tongting Lake,’ and on the Yangtfe river, 675 miles S. of Peking. * Youghall, a confiderable town of Ireland, in the county of Cork. It has a very commodious harbour, and a fine, well-defended quay. It is feated at the mouth of the river Blackwater, 25 miles N. by E. of Cork. s Youle, a village in the E. Riding of Y orkfhire, 12 miles below York, at the conflux of the Don and Humber. Here is a remarkable dike, called Youle Dike, about 10 miles long; Here are a fort of perlons called Triers, becaufe, with a long piece of iron, they fearch into the foft, boggy ground, for fubterraneous trees, which they feme times meet with of the fir kind. " They often meet with trees large enough to furnifh timber for build- ing, and the fmallcr trees tiiey fpiit into laths, cr cut into chips or fplinters. Youlstoii , Devonf. in Sherwell parifh. Young s Manor , Kent, by Chilham. ^ You RE, a river in Yorkfhire, which rifes in the Cotter mountain, in the NW. extremity of the county, and pafies by the towns of Aikr.g, Middleham, Maf- hatn, Rippon, and Boroughbridge, be- low which lafi, being joined by the Swale, both thefe rivers conltitute what is called the Oufe. On this river is the magnificent cataraCt, called Ayfgard- Force, the water falling nearly half a mile upon' a furface of llone, worn into infinite irregular cavities, and inclofed by bold and fhruhby cliffs. According to Dr. Pococke, who vifited Egypt, it ex- ■ ceeds the Cataract of the Nile. Yox/ord, Suffolk, between Saxmund- hain and Halcfworth. Yoxhull , Staft’ordf. 4 miles N. of Lichfield ) had formerly a market. Ypres, a town of Flanders, with a confiderable manufactory in linen, of an excellent fabric, and every year, in Lent, there is a well- frequented fair. In 1242, the number of inhabitants, for the moft part weavers, amounted to 200,000, By t he feverity of the duke of Alva, the prin- cipal manufacturers were driven to Eng- land, from which time, that brancii of trade has declined. The chatelany of ’Ypres contained about SO villages, and fent deputies to the Rates of Flanders. By the treaty of Utrecht, it became a Dutch barrier town, and though taken hv the French in 1744, was reftored at the peace of Aix-la-chapelle. It is feated on the river Y prelee, 15 miles NNW. ot Life, and 138 N. of Paris. Yriex, St. a town in the dept, of Upper Vienne, 20 miles S. of Limoges. Ysendick, a town of Dutch Flanders, 8 miles E. of Sluvs. Yssel. See Issel. Ysseleurg, a town of C'eves. Yssengeaux, a town in the dept, of Upper Loire, 10 miles NE. of Lc Pay. Y st a d, a fea-port of Schonen, Sweden, from whence a packet fails to Stralfund. Ythan. See Ei t hah. Yucatan. SccJucatan, Yverdun, a town of Bern, Swifler- land, in the county of Vaud, capital of a bailiwick of the fame nam , 15 miles in length, and containing 25 parifhes. In the Theodofian table, it is called Castrum Ebrcdunense , and the Romans maintained here a prejectus barcariorum. It is ieated at the head of the lake of the fame name', 34 miles SSW. of Bern. Yverdun, Lake of. See Neu- C HAT EL. Yvetot, a town in the dept, of Low- er Seine, 5 miles NNE. of Caudebec. Yvica. See I vie a. Yuma, or Long Island, one of the Bahama Ifiands, 50 miles in length, anti of unequal breadth. Yumetos, a duffer of fmall ifiands among the Bahamas, about 20 miles YV . or SYV. of Y uma. Yun-nan, a province of China, S. of Setchuen and Thibc’t. It contains 21 cities of the firft rank, and 55 in the fe- cond and third, and is well- watered With rivers and lakes, which render it very Fruitful. Gold is very often found in the fands of the rivers, and probably there are mines of the fame metal in the mountains of the eaftern part. There are alio eop- per-inines, feveral forts of precious {tones, befide mulk, benjamin, lap ; .s lazuli, and very YUM very fine marble, fome of which is paint- ed of divers colours. They have alfo ex- cellent horfes, which are ftrongand vigor- ous, but low j as alfo very fmall deer, which are kept for their amufement. Yunnan, a city of China, of the firft Y U N rank, capital of a province of the fame name. It is 1 1 152 miles SSW. of Peking. Yunning, a city of China, of the fi.ft rank, in the province of Honan. It is 430 miles S. of Peking. Z A I Z A BERN, a town of Spire, 2i miles SSW. of Manheiin. Zabola, a town of Tranfylvania. Zaeurn. See Saverne. Zacatecas, a province of Mexico, having New Bifcay on the N. and Guafle- ca on the E. The capital, of the fame name, is 240 miles NNW. of Mexico. Zacatulan, or Sacatula, a town of Mechoacan, in N. America, fituate-d at the mouth of a river of the fame name, on the Pacific Ocean, 130 miles S. of Mechoacan. Zachan, a town of Ulterior Pomera- nia, 14 miles E. of Stargard, and 52 S. of Colberg. Zael-Mcrnachorum , Devonfhire, SE. of Okehampton. Zafra, a town in £panifh Edrama- dura. Zagara, a famous mountain of Liva- dia, near the ancient 'I’hebes. It was formerly called Helicon, and is almofl al- ways covered with fnow. ^ Zagoria, or Daevelto, a town of Bulgaria, the fee of & Greek arch hifhop. It is fituated near the Black Sea, 58 miles NE. of Adrianople. Zagrab, a town in Aufr’an Croatia. Zahar a, a town of Andalufia. Zahar a, or The Desert, a vail country of Africa, firetching from near the Atlantic Ocean on the W. to Barca and Nubia on the E. and from Biledul- gend on the N. to Nigritia and the river Senegal on the S. It comprehends a fpace of about 600 miles from N. to S. and 1800 from W . to E. The inhabitants are a mixture of wandering nations proceed- ing from Arabs, Moors, Portuguefe re- fugees, See. fubjedl to a number of petty princes. The commodities are camels, horned cattle, horfes, dates, the fat and feathers of clinches, and the gum Senegal. Zaire, a large river of Africa, which paffes through the kingdom of Congo, and falls into the Atlantic Ocean, be- tween the Cth and 7th deg. of S. Ian z a n Zamora, a town of Leon, on the Douro. Zamora, a town of Guadalajara, j Mexico j and a town of Quito, S. Ame- rica, 180 miles SSW. of Quito. Zamora, a town of Algiers. Za m o 6 ki, ,a town ofBelcz, Poland. Zana, or Sana, a decayed town of Truxillo, in Peru, capital of ajurifdic- tion which extends about 25 leagues along the coaft. It is fituated in a charm - ing valley, fertile in fruit and corn, and adorned with the moll beautiful flowers, 1 about 60 miles N. of Truxillo. Zanfara, a town of Negroland, ca- j pital of a country, 170 miles ENE. of ! Wangara. Za.ngueBar, a country of Africa, little known, fituated on theeaftern coafl, between lat. 2. 0. N. and 18. 0. S. in I which the Portuguefe have various fettle- ; ments. The inhabitants are partly of the Romifh faith, and Mahometans, but moft- • ly Pagans. The Bedouin Arabs breed j cattle, and live on the llcfh and milk, 1 while the Zanges, or negroes, feed on wild beads and fowl, which fwarm all ■ over thefe parts. Throughout the whole ' country, are mines of gold, eafily got, by the help of which the indolent natives purchufe nccefiarics from other parts } but, on this very account, they are ex- tremely jealous of letting grangers pene- trate into the inland country. The prin- cipal territories are Melinda, Mongala, Mofambique, Jubo, and fome others. The Portugucle trade with the natives for flaves, ivory, gold, oflrich- feathers, furs, wax, and drugs. Zanhaga, a d‘.flri£l of Zahara, in Africa, bordering on the Atlantic. Zante, an iflnnd of the Mediterra- nean, near the coalt of the Morea, 17 miles SE. of the iiland of Cephalonia. It is about 12 miles in length, and 6 in breadth ; its principal riches coilfid in currants, with which it abounds. Here are alio fine peaches, weighing eight or ten Z E A Z E A ten ounces, Cucumbers, figs, and oil. The houfes are low, on account of the fre- quent earthquakes, for fcarce a year palles without one ; but they do no great damage The grapes are called currants, becaufe they were chiefly cultivated about Corinth. This ifiand lately belonged to the Venetians, and in it there are about 50 villages, but no other large towns than Zante, which is feated on thereafter!* fide of the ifiand, and has a good harbour. The Englifh and Dutch have each a fac- tory and confiul here. Lat. 87. 53. N. Ion. 21. 3. E. Zanzibar, an ifiand of the eaftcrn coafl of Africa, near the coaft of Zangue- bar. Lat. G. 0. S. Zara, a city of the late Venetian Dal- matia, capital of a. county of the fame name, with a fate, capacious harbour. It is feated on a fmall peninfula, joined to the continent by an ifthmus only 25 paces in breadth. On\he fide of the citadel the fortifications are confidered as aim oft im- pregnable, being defended by very deep ditches hewn out of the rock. N a/ the church, which the Greeks call St. Helia, are two handfome fluted columns, of the Corinthian order, i’uppofed to have been part of an ancient temple of Juno. The circumference of the walls extends two miles, and the number of the inhabitants is about 6000. In the caftle the provedi- tor, or governor of Dalmatia, refided. Lat. 44. 22. N. Zarnata, a town in the Morea, 10 miles SVV. of Mifitra. Zarnaw, a town of Sandomirz, Po- land. Zaslaw, a town ofVolhinia. Zatmar, a town of Hungary, 56 mires NNW. of Colofvar. Zator, a town of Cracovia. Zborovv, a town of Poland, in Gali- cia, 63 miles E. of Lemburg. Zealand, an ifiand of Denmark, in the Baltic, almoft of a round form, and about 700 miles in circumference. It is bounded on the N. by the Schaggerack ; on the E. principally by the Sound; on the S. by the Baltic ; and on the W. by the Great Belt. The coaft is much in- terfered by large bays ; and within the country are feveral lakes, which, together with the rivers, abound in fifh. In moft parts is plenty of wood, except towards the centre of the ifiand, where turf is ge- nt, tally ufed for fuel. It is the largeft of tlie iflcs of Denmark, and exceedingly fer- tile ; producing grain of all forts, and in great plenty j and abounding with excel- lent pnfture. It is particularly famous for its breed of horfes. Copenhagen is the capital. Zealand, one of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands, feparated bv the fea on the N. from the ifles of S. Holland ; by the Scheldt on the E. from Brabant; bv the flout from Flanders ; and on the W. it is bounded by the Ger- man Ocean, it comprehends 8 iflands, 3 of which are pretty large, i'heir names are Wajcheren, Schowen, S. Beveland, N. Beveland, Tolen, Doveland, Wolfer- dike, and St. Philip. There are likewife 6 or 7 others, of little importance. The inhabitants defend themfelves from the encroachments of the fea by their dikes, which, at the bottom, are generally 25 German ells in breadth, and are l'o wide at top, that two carriages may pafs abreaft. .In higli tides and ftorrny weather, the waves, however, often force a paffige, and even flow over them. The inhabitants, in general, are extremely wealthy, being maintained by their plentiful fifhcrics, and trade with foreign nations. The foil is fruitful in tiiefe iflands, but the air /un- healthy for ftrangers, though not for the natives. The river Scheldt, having pair- ed by Antwerp, divides it into two, and holds, as it were, the ifles of Zealand be- tween its arms. One of the.fe runs eaft- ward, and the other weft ward, which laft the fiihermen call Stont, or flout. Zealand, New, in the South Pacific Ocean, was firft difeovered by Tafinan, in 1642. He traverfed the eaffern coaft from lat. 34. 0. to 43. 0. S. and entered a ftrait ; but being attacked by the na- tives, foon after lie came to an anchor, in the place to which he gave tlie name of Murderer’s Bay, he did not go on fhore. He called the country Staten Land, in honour of the States-General, though it has been generally diftinguifhed in our maps and charts by the name of New Zealand. From the time of Tafman, the whole country, except that part of the coaft which was feen by him, remained altogether unknown, till the year 1770, when it was circumnavigated by Captain Cook, who found it to confift of two large iflands, feparated by the ftrait above-mentioned, which is 4 or 5 leagues broad, and to which he gave his own name. Thefe iflands lie between lat. 34. O. and 43. 0. S. and Ion. 166. 0. and 130. 0. E. Along the coaft many fmall iflands are formed, and it is indented by deep bays, affording excellent (helter for (hipping, and abundant fupplies of wood and Z E A and water. There are alfo feveval rivers capable of receiving large vcflels, in which the fpring-tide riles near ten feet perpen- dicularly. Of the two iflands, the fouth- ernmaft is for the moll part mountainous and barren. As far inland as the eye can reach, nothing appears but mountains of jftupendous height, confiding of rocks that are totally naked, except where they are covered with fnow ; but the land border- ing on the fea-coaft is clothed thick with wood, alrnoft down to the water's edge. The northern moft Aland has a much bet- ter appearance : it is, indeed, not only hilly, but mountainous ; yet even the hills and mountains are covered with wood, and every valley has a rivulet of excellent water. The foil of tjiefe vallies, and the plains, of which there are many overgrown with wood, is, in general, light, but fer- tile; and it is fupppfed, that every kind of European grain, plants, and fruits, would flourifn herewith the utmoft luxu- riance. The winters are milder than in England, and the fummers not hotter, though more equally warm. There are ferefts of vaft extent, full of the ftraighteft and larged; timber, fit for buildings of any kind. The trees are chiefly of two forts ; one as large as an oak, diftinguifhed hy a fearlet flower, the wood of which is hard and heavy ; another remarkably tall and liraight, of which, probably, very fine mafis might be made. Among other trees, is a fpecies of philadclphus, which grows on the eminences that jut out into the fca, the leaves of which may be ufed as tea, and might be an excellent fubfti- tute for that oriental plant. Wild celery, and a kind of credos, grow plentifully in alrnoft every cove. Yams, fweet pota- toes, and cocoes, are alfo raifed by culti- vation. Captain Cook, in 1773, planted fevcral fpots of ground with European garden-feeds ; and, in 1777, in feveral of thefe fpots, although totally negledfiec), and overrun by weeds, were found cab- bages, onions, leeks, purflain, radifhes, milliard, &c. and a few fine potatoes, greatly improved by change of foil. The only quadrupeds are dogs and rats : the former are dpmeftic, and for food; and the letter, though not numerous, fjfem alfo to be eaten. The birds, 'like the ve- getable produdVroris, are alrnoft entirely peculiar to the country; and though it is difficult to follow them in the woods, on account of tire underwood and climbing plants, yet a perfon, by remaining in one place, may (hoot as many in a day as will, ierve for fix or eight others. Captain Z E A Cook introduced European poultry, and,, on his laft vifit, had the fatisfadfion to find them increafed, both in a wild and domeftic ftate, bevond all danger of being exterminated. Their creeks (warm with fifh, which are not only wholefome, but equally delicious with thofe of Europe. Captain Cook feldoiri came to an anchor, but his men caught enough, with hook and line only, to fupply the Vvbole (hip’s crew, arid when they filhed with nets, every mefs in the fhip falted as much as fupplied them when at fea fome time after. The rocks are furnifhed with great quantities of excellent mufcles, one fort of which meafures above a foot in length, and with great variety of other fhell-fifh. The men are ftout and flcfhy : but none of them corpulent, like the indolent and lux- urious inhabitants of Otaheite and the So- ciety Iflc's; and they are alfo exceedingly vigorous and active. 1 he women, in ge- neral, are fmaller than the men, poffeffing few peculiar graces of form or perfon ; and chiefly diftinguifhed by the foftnefs of their voices. The bodies of both fexes are marked with black ftains, called amocc, which is the fame as tattowing at Ota- heite. Their drefs is alfo the fame; it confifts of an oblong garment, about five feet long and four broad. They bring two corners of this garment over their fho.ulders, and faften it on the breaft with the other parts, which covers the body; and about the belly it is again tied with a girdle of mat. They ornament their heads with feathers, pearl (hells, hones, &c. The women., fometimes, wear neck- laces of fhark’s teeth, or hunches of long beads, made of hones or (hells. I heir houfes are mife table lodging places, and their only furniture is a few fmall balkets, in which they put their fifhing-hooks and other trifles’. Their food confifts chiefly of fi(h, with which, inftead of bread, they cat the root of a kind of fern, which they fcorch over the fire, and then i beat with a ftick till the bark, or dry outfide, falls off. Bcfide their dogs, they alfo contrive to kill birds ; and in moft part of the northern iflands, they have fweet potatoes, cocoas, and yams ; but, in the fouthern, nothing is raifed by culti- vation. Their cookery confifts wholly in roafting and baking, which latter is per- formed in the fame manner as at Otaheite. The women eat in common with the men, and but little fubordination, or dif- tindfion of rank, is obferved among them. From Cape Kidnappers, in lat. 39. 43. S. for upwards of 80 leagues to the. north- ward. ZEM ward, the people acknowledge one fove- reign, called Teratu, and under him feve- jal fubordinate chiefs, who probably ad- minifter juftice, and to whom great refpedt is paid j but whether his authority be he- reditary or delegated, is uncertain. This part of the coaft is much the moft popu- lous $ tillage, weaving, and the other arts of peace, being here beft known, and moft pradtifed. The canoes are more decorated, the plantations more numerous, and the clothes and carving finer, than any where clfe. In other parts, they are fcattered along the coaft, in {Ingle families, or in larger tribes, and each in a date of perpe- tual hoftility with all the reft. From their icanty ftock of vegetables, if their fiftiing lhould fail, they have no refource againft abfolute famine. Upon the whole, there is little room to doubt that thefe people are cannibals. Zebid, a city of Yemen, Arabia. Zegzeg, a kingdom of Africa, fituat- ed to the W. of Zanfara. Zeila. See Adel. Zeiton, a town of Thefialy, 50 miles SSE. ofLarifla. Zeitz, a town of Naumburg, Upper Saxony, with a college. Zell, a town of Lower Saxony, and capital of a duchy of the lame name, which devolved to the houfe of Hanover, by marriage with the heirefs, the male line failing, in 1705. It is furrounded by ditches and ramparts, on which are plant- ed chefnut and lime-trees, and is a fmall town, with a few artificers and manufac- turers, particularly in gold and filver. The houfes are old and of a mean appear- ance ; but the high courts of appeal for all the territories of the eledloral houfe of Brunfwick Lunenburg are held here. Here alfo is the provincial houfe for the diets of the principality. The other pub- lic edifices are the Guildhall, the Riding- Houfe, the Mews, and the Armory. The caftle, which is fituated near the town, and is walled and moated in, was formerly the refidence of the dukes, and was repaired by order of the king of Great Britain, for the refidence of his unfortu- nate filler, the Queen of Denmark, who died here. It is feated on the river Aller, 40 miles S. of Lunenburg. Zell, a town of Salzburg, Bavaria, feated on the Zeller See j and a town of Hammerlbach, Suabia. Zembla, Nova, a large ifland, lying in the Northern Ocean, to the N. of Ruf- fin, from which it is feparated by the Strait ©fWaigate, about 5&Q miles in length, and from 100 to 200 in breadth. It was z I T firft difcovered by the Englifti in 1553. Its inhabitants, are chiefly wild beafts, particularly white foxes, bears, elks, rein- deer, and rabbits ; yet a few human be- ings have been feen here at times. The country produces nothing but mofs, and a few ardlic plants. Sea-cows abound on the coaft, and fea-fowl flock there to lay their eggs: In 1596, a Dutch veflel was call away on the coaft, and the (hip's com- pany were obliged to wint er here ; they did not fee the fun from the 4th of November, to the beginning of February, and had great difficulty to keep themfelves from being frozen to death. Lat. 71. to 78. N. Ion. 53. 45. W. to 72- 49. E. Zennen t Cornwall, near St. Burien’s. Zenta, a. town of Hungary, on the river Theiffe, where Prince Eugene, in 1697, obtained a fignal vidlorv over the Turks, commanded by the emperor, Muf- tapha II. in perfon. Twenty thoufand Turks were killed, 10,000 wounded, and 3000 taken prifoners. It is 52 miles N. of Belgrade. Zerbst, a town of Anhalt Zerbft* Upper Saxony, with a caftle, where the princes commonly refide, and a college. It is famous for brewing good beer ; and here are manufactures of gold and filver. It is 44 miles SSW. of i otfdam. Zerea, a town of Farfiftan, Perfia, IS miles NNE. of Schiras. Zia, an ifland of the Archipelago, an- ciently called Ceos and Hydrafla, SW. of Andros, and 12 miles E. of Cape Co- lonni. It is 15 miles in length, and 8 in breadth i is well cultivated, and abounds in moft of the neceflaries of life. They have here a fort of oak, whofe fruit, call- ed velani, is the beft trading commodity of the ifland, being exported for the ufe of dyers and tanners. The principal town, of the fame name, refembles an amphi- theatre, and contains about 2500 houfes* all flat at the top. Moft of the inhabi- tants are Greeks, and have a bifliop. Ziric-Zee, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Zealand, and capital of the Ifle of Schowen. It was the ancient refidence of the counts of Zealand, and formerly a place of confiderablc confequence. T he harbour is now filled up with fand ; it is* however, large and populous, and is 18 miles SSW. of Briel. Zittau, a town of Lufatia, fubjedl to the eledlor of Saxony, The principal bil- finefs of the inhabitants is brewing beer but there are above 100 clothiers, and in. the neighbouring villages above 1000 v/eavers. The merchants of Zittau trade with thofe of Prague and Leipfick, and 3 M extend ZUG extend their commerce as far as Holland. Here is a library, the firvcfl in all Lufatia, which is open twice a week ; and at a fmall diftance from it, is the orphan-houfe. It is feated on the river Neifs, 17 miles S. of Gorlitz. Znaim, a town of Moravia, 58 miles SW of Olmutz. Zoara, an ifland of Barbary, with a good harbour, 60 miles NNW. of Tri- poli. Zoblitz, a town of Erzgeburg, Up- per Saxony. Zoffingen, a town of Berne, Swif- ferland, the principal place of a bailiwick, 24 miles NNW. of Lucerne. Zollern, a caftle of Suabia, which gives name to the principality of Ilohen- Zollern, which is 37 miles in length, and 17 in breadth, and is a very fertile coun- try. The prince is hereditary chamber- lain of the empire. It is 10 miles S. of Tubingen. Zolnok, a town of Hungary, on the Theiffe, 48 miles SW. of Debreczin. Zo ns, a town of Cologne. Zoc^ues, a diftritl of Mexico, in Chi- apa, bordering on Tabafco. It produces plenty of filk and cochineal.^ Zorndorff, a village in the New Marche, Brandenburg, near Cuftrin. Zout Pan, a curious fait lake in the country of the Hottentots, fituated a few miles N. of Point Padron. It is a plain, much above the level of the Tea, and be- tween three and four miles in circumfe- rence. At foine feafons of the year, it is formed into an entire mafs of fine white fait, with a hard cruft, exa&ly refembling ice, which, at a diftance, has a very link- ing appearance. *Zu eel a, a town of Africa, in Fezzan, fituated in a fertile diftritl, in which the remnants of ancient buildings, fountains, cifterns, and vaulted caves, exhibit fuch veftiges of ancient fplendour, as will pro- bably attract, and highly reward, the at- tention of future travellers. It is 60 miles E. of Mourzouk. Zug, a town of Swifterland, capital of a canton of the fame name, feated on a beautiful lake, in a fertile valley. It con- tains two churches, a convent, a town- houfe, arfenal, corn magazine, college, hofpital, &c. Ofwald, a Saxon king of Northumberland, in the 7th century, is the tutelar taint of this place. Zug is 12 miles NNE. of Lucern. Zug, one of the cantons of Swifler- Tand, bounded on the E. and N. by Zu- rich ; on the W. by Lucent; and on the S. by Schweitz ; about 10 miles long, and z U R nearly as much in breadth. The govern- ment refides in a council, which meets an- nually in the town of Zug, w ere every } male of 16 vears of age is poflefled of a- vote, and where all public polls are con- ferred. The inhabitants are liomamfts. Zug, a lake of Swifterland, 8 miles i long and 2 wide, named from the town on ! its coaft. i Zullichaw, a town in the New Marche, Brandenburgh, with a woollen manufacture. It is 37 miles SE. of Frankfort on the Oder. ZuLFHA, a town of Perfia, a fort of fu urb to lfpahan. It contains about 4000 lioufes, and is peopled with a colony of Armenians, who were brought into Perfia by Shah Abbas, from an ancient town on the Aras. It is an archbiftmp’s fee, and contains feveral churches and monafteries. Zulpigh, a town of Cologne. Zurich, a city of Swifterland, capital of a canton of the fame name, fituated at the northern extremity of the lake of Zu- rich. It is one of the' beft- built cities in this country, but the ftreets are narrow, and the houfes high. Zurich was the firft town in Swifterland, that feparated from the church of Rome, being induced there- to by the arguments of Zuinglius. Among the charitable foundations in this town are an orphan-houfe ; an hofpital for incurables ; that for the fick of all nations, which ufually contains between 6 and 700 patients ; and the Allmofen-Amt, or foundation for the poor, which puts out children as apprentices, and diftributes money, clothes, and books to poor per- fons, not of the town only, but of the canton, to the amount of upward of 50001. a year. The arfenal is well fupplied with cannon, arms, and ammunition, and con- tains a referve of mulkets for 30,000 men. They have manufa&urcs of muflins, cot- tons, linens, filk handkerchiefs. See. The inhabitants, in 1780, amounted to 10,559. It is 40 miles SE. of Baile. Lat. 47. 20. N. Ion. 8. 30. E. Zurich, one of the thirteen cantons of Swifterland, about 50 miles in length and 30 in breadth. It is bounded on the N. by SchafFhauien and a part of Suabia ; on the S. by Schweitz and Zug ; on the E. by Thurgaw and the county of Tockenburg ; and on the W. by the county of Baden. The civil war between the magiftrates and people of Zurich, in 1335, nearly reduced that city to ruins ; but the former being banifhed, the citizens, in 1 337, eftabliih- ed a new form of government. The exiles* after feveral fruitlefs attempts, were re- admitted i but, engaging in a confpiracy agamic Z U T againft the citizens, were dlfcovered and cut to dentil. In conference of th s, the no! lies in the neighbourhood took up arms, and Zurich, for prote£ho.i, formed an alliance with Lbcern, Up, Schwe.tz, and Underwalden, and was admitted a member of their confederacy in loo\. The four cantons yielded tne pre-emi- pence to Zurich, a privilege it lull enjoys, bein^ the firft canton in rank, and tne inoflT i conliderable. in extent, both of terri- tory and power, next to that of Bern. This canton abounds in corn, wine, and excellent pafture ; but as there is not a fufficientfupply of corn for interior con- fumption, the deficiency is chiefly iup- plied from Suabia. There is alfo a gra- nary maintained at the public expence, where, in feafons of fcarc ty, corn is fold confiderably cheaper than at the market- price. In 1784, it contained 174,572 inhabitants, including thofe in the capital. The people are divided into thirteen tribes ; and the legislative authority is veiled in a council of 200, or rather of 212 members drawn from thefe tribes. This council comprifes the fenate, or lit- tle council (compofed of 50 members) which has a jurifdidlion in all civil and criminal caufes. , . , Zurich, a lake of Swiflerland, in the canton of the fame name, near 10 leagues in length and one in breadth. It is of an oblong form, and the borders are ftudded thickly with villages and towns. 1 he adjacent country is finely cultivated and well peopled ; and the S. part of the lake appears bounded by the ftupendous high mountains of Schweitz and Glarus ; the feenery is pi&urefque, lively, and diver- Zurita, a town of New Caftile. Zutphen, a confiderable town of the United Provinces, capital of a county of the fame name. It was taken by the French in 1672, under Philip, duke of Z Y T Orleans, only brother of Louis XIV . and abandoned by them in 1874, after having nrevioufly deftroyed the fortifications. It is feated at the continence of the rivers Berkel and YlVel, 9 miles S. by h. ol Ue- venter, and 55 E. by S. of Amflerdam. Lat. 52. 10. N- Ion. 6. 22. E. Zutphen, a county of the United Provinces, feparated by the Yflel from Guelderland. Otho 1. ofNaflau, acquired this county in the 11th century, by mar- rying the heirefs of Gerlach, Count oi Zutphen ; fince which time it has ever been annexed to Guelderland. Zuyder-Zee, a great bay of the Ger- man Ocean, which extends from S. to N. in the United Provinces, between Frief- land, Overyflel, Guelderland, and Nortu Holland. It is fo called from its fitua- tion toward the S. Zwallock, or SwaUock, Cornwall, SW . of Cum el ford. , Zwammerd am, a town of Holland, on the Rhine, 10 miles ESE. of Leyden. Zwickau, a town of Erzgeburg, Up- per Saxony, feated on the river Mul- daw. Zwingenburg, a town of Heile- Darmfladt, circle of Upper Rhine, 20 miles N. of Manheim. Zwole, a town of the United Pro- vinces, in Overyffel, and in the dilfridl of Zallant. It is large and rich, and a canal begins near this place, which extends to the river Yflel. Here was formerly an Auguftine convent, in which Thomas «. Kempis, otherwife called Hamerken, liv- ed 71 years, and died in 1471, at the age of 91. It was formerly an imperial and Hanfeatic town, and is feated on the river Aa, between the Yflel and the Vecht, 15 miles N. of Deventer. Zwornick, or Swernick, a town of Bofnia. . Zytomierz, a town of Velhima, 73 miles NNW. of Kiof. THE END. DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. The Map of the World to front the title ; the others may be dUlributed before theic refpedlive deferiptions. Priated by J. a wan and Co. Crasechurch-Strcet, and J. D; pcwick, AWpr.gatc-StfscC.