LINCOLN ROOM UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CUSTODIAN TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE ATION REPORTS FOR NINE YEARS. FROM 1875 TO 1883, INCLUSIVE, CLOSING AVlTH A DISSERTATION ON SUNDAY OPENING OF THE MONUMENT. Also, remarks on Sight-seeing in London; Sketches, Historical and Descriptive of the Methods of taking care of the Brock Monument at Queenston, Can- ada; the Washington Monument at Baltimore, Md.; Mount Vernon, on the Potomac, Virginia; Bunker Hill Monument, at Boston, Massachusetts; Mention of the Washington Monument, at the Capital of the Nation— now almost com- pleted; and of the proposed Garfield Monument at Cleveland, Ohio. By JOHN CARROLL POWER, CUSTODIAL OF THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT. SPRINGFIELD, ILL.: H. W. EOKKEK, PRINTER AND BINDER. 1884. Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1884. by John Carrolt, Power, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. have the supervision of the Monument, Grounds and Heating Apparatus, and see that all are kept in proper order. He is to keep a record for visitors, and give all necessary information to the same; also to collect contributions in the manner prescribed by the Association, keep account of the receipts, and of dis- bursements for labor, and for any other necessary expenses that may be incurred ; make a monthly report of the same to the Executive Committee, and pay over to the Association, any and all moneys in excess of his salary and necessary expenses. The party of the second part hereby agrees to pay to the said party of the first part, for his services, the sum of fifty dollars per month, with the additional privilege of selling any publications or pictures concerning Abraham Lincoln and the Monument, that may be approved by the Executive Committe, and of appropriat- ing the proceeds of such sales to his own use. It is hereby mutually agreed, that if at any time it becomes necessary and expedient to employ one or more assistants, it shall be subject to future negotiations before any such assistants are employed. It is further agreed, that in no event shall the salary paid the Custodian exceed the net receipts. J. C. Power. Lincoln Monument Association, By John T. Stuart, ) ™ ,. John Williams, ■ I E^cu^e Jacob Bunn. ( Committee. Springfield, III., December, 1874. FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CUSTODIAN OF THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT IFOJR, THE YE-A.E, 1875. These Annual Reports are composed of condensed statements of the twelve monthly reports for each year. Vouchers for nearly every item of expense accompanies each monthly report. J. C. Power, Custodian, in account with the Executive Commit- tee of the National Lincoln Monument Association. Items. Dr. Ck. January— Receipts from visitors, for admittance at twenty-five cents each Disbursements— For snow tools $105 coal 9 35 round table 3 75 printing rules and regulations 4 50 salt to remove ice 40 hitching posts 60 making fires 7 50 salary of the Custodian 50 00 To balance I Profits on sales of books, pictures, etc., $17.20. 1 February— By balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— ■ For coal $5 50 making fires 7 50 moving snow 5 00 opening drains 1 on salary ....' 50 00 To balance I Profits on sales, $10.48.1 M iBCH— i'.y balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For eoal $i; 05 making fires 7 50 moving snow, and other labor 8 50 salary 50 oo To balance [Profits on sales, $11.58.1 April, - i'.y balance , Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For coal „ $2 50 laboi ongrounds 9 00 iron wrench 1 90 salary 50 00 La lance I Profits on sales, $12.08.1 $72 40 $77 15 4 75 $77 15 $77 15 $41 65 $4 75 \ 69 00 32 10 $73 75 $73 75 $39 40 $32 10 72 05 til 75 $104 15 $104 15 $07 2H $64 75 <;:; 10 60 !)5 $128 15 $128 15 9 Items. Dr. Cr. May— By balance $103 40 38 19 $141 59 Receipts from visitors - $60 95 Disbursements- coal repairs on heater To balance.. 19 5H 9 61 1 50 50 00 80 64 [Profits on sales, $22.08.1 June— By balance $141 59 $126 80 11 89 $38 19 Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For two long tables 30 (Mi labor on grounds assistant three days salary 4 00 4 00 5 00 7 50 50 00 100 50 To balance [Profits on sales, $26.13.1 July— By balance $138 69 $138 69 v $92 25 $11 89 Receipts from visitors n . Disbursements- four chairs $4 00 8 55 assistant, July 4th 4 50 2 50 69 55 10 81 [Profits on sales, $21 .30.1 August— To balance $92 25 $92 25 $10 81 87 25 Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor on grounds salary $31 50 50 00 $81 50 16 56 LProfits on sales, $19.23.1 September— $98 06 $98 06 $16 56 82 75 Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor on grounds salary $10 00 $60 00 By balance 39 31 [Profits on sales, $20.40.1 October— $99 31 $99 31 $39 31 105 75 Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For galvanized iron chimney making fires, half month $33 50 3 75 salary $91 21 53 85 [Profits on sales, $22.50.1 $145 06 $145 06 10 Items. De. Cr. NOVEMBER— To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For lumber $3 20 clamps to hold frames 5 00 making fires 7 50 salary 50 00 By balance 1 Profits on sales, $10.50.] December— To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For coal $9 99 frames for rules and regulations 4 20 painting and glazing 3 95 making fires 7 50 printing 8 00 salary 50 00 By balance, cash on hand iProfits on sales, $12.75.] Totals for the year 1875 — Receipts $922 35 Expenditures 922 35 Profits on sales $206.23. $53 85 57 25 $111 lit $45 10 46 25 $91 65 $65 7ii 15 Ht $111 in $83 64 8 01 $91 65 By analyzing the financial statement it will be seen that the receipts for visitors from January 1st to December 31st, 1875, were $922,35, and that the disbursements were $914,34, leaving a balance in my hands of $8,01 in favor of the Association. Six hundred dollars of the receipts is retained as salary and $314,34 has been used to defray the running expenses, the items of which appear in connection with each monthly report. Nearly half of the latter amount is invested in what might be termed permanent improvements, such as planks for walks, tables, chairs, frames for rules and regulations, and other needed articles in Memorial Hall. By adding the profits from sales to the salary, it will be 'seen that the compensation of the Custodian for the year has been $806,2.3. Some days visitors have come in such numbers as to over-tax the energies of the Custodian, and occasionally render it necessary to employ an assistant. In a very few instances a sufficient sum of money has been collected in one day to defray the expenses for a week. On the other hand, there has been eighty-four days — more than one fourth of the year — on each of which the number of visitors was confined to half a dozen or less. There were seven days on which, in consequence of the inclemency 11 of the weather, not a single visitor appeared. During this time there has not been a failure to open the Monument on any- one of the 312 week days. The year has been one of experiment. Doubts existed whether or not the Monument could be kept open continuously and the ex- penses defrayed from the contributions of visitors. The experi- ment has been tried and proved successful. The six acres he- longing to the Association, — since increased by a donation from the city of Springfield, and from the Citizens' Street Railway Com- pany, to nearly nine acres, — are in better condition than ever be- fore. Memorial Hall, dripping with water when first opened, has, by the aid of Ide's steam heating apparatus, been rendered habit- able. This Hall must, in the future, be the main dependence to keep up the Monument and grounds, therefore its attractions should be largely increased. Any diminution now would be almost fatal. As the statuary is added the tendency of visitors to satisfy themselves with an outer view will increase unless it is known that additions to the relics and memorials inside are in the same ratio. A VAGUE NOTION PREVAILS TO SOME EXTENT, RATHER LOCAL THAN GENERAL, THAT THE MONUMENT SHOULD BE FREE TO ALL VISITORS, WITHOUT ANY RESTRAINT OR HINDRANCE WHATEVER, AND THIS WITH- OUT ANY APPARENT THOUGHT OR CARE AS TO HOW THE EXPENSES SHOULD be met. With the view of obtaining information as to the mode of conducting other places of public interest similar to this, I wrote to the keepers of the Brock Monument at Queenston, Canada; the Washington Monument, at Baltimore, Maryland; and of Bunker Hill Monument, at Boston, Massachusetts. [The results, originally included in my first annual report is transferred to the ninth in order to associate with them the man- ner of keeping Mount Vernon also.] Something more than four thousand visitors have entered Memorial Hall. Nominally the sum collected from each has been twenty-five cents, but really about one-eighth have gone through by invitation, and from other causes, without contributing. In addition to the four thousand above named, an equal, or, perhaps, a greater number were content to look at the outside of the Monu- ment. Bunker Hill Monument has been completed more than one- third of a century, and the combined wealth of the cities of Bos- ton and Charlestown, united as they now are under one corporation, 12 with their total population of four hundred thousand, have not seen proper to make access to the Monument free. Springfield, with its twenty-five thousand inhabitants, as a center of trade and travel, compared with Boston, is in the ratio of one to twenty, while the receipts of the Lincoln Monument, compared with Bunker Hill, is nearly as one to five. This gives assurance that, with proper management the Lincoln Monument will continue to be self-sustaining, and, as population increases, will admit of more liberal expenditures in ornamenting the grounds. One point more and I have done. It is almost universally remarked by visitors, many of whom say they have stopped over a day or a train at Springfield for no other purpose than to see the Monu- ment, that there is much more to see and study than they were prepared to expect. This leads me to compare the labor of those in charge of the different monuments. Three of those I have spoken of are each a plain obelisk, with a spiral stairway in the center. There is little at either to explain, and the principal business of the keeper is to receive the contributions and open the w 7 ay for the visitor to ascend. It is not so at the Lincoln Monu- ment. Here are three different points to visit and study. Each have their lessons. To the well educated, less explanation is necessary, but to the majority of visitors, half its teachings would remain hidden without some explanation, just as the languages, arts and sciences are hidden until revealed by the living teacher. Few allow themselves sufficient time, and in order to go over the whole ground and make each visitor feel that he or she has been profited and edified, it is absolutely necessary to talk and move with the greatest celerity ; therefore, if you do not see proper to re-appoint me, let my successor be a man in vigorous health, quick in his movements, and so well acquainted with the subject that he can answer every question instantly and correctly. A man in this position, who is only qualified to open doors and re- ceive contributions, would do very little of the latter. He must know what is right, and when that is assailed, as it often will be, must maintain it with unyielding firmness, and that with a suavity that will disarm the would-be aggressor. All of which is respectfully submitted. Memorial Hall, National-Lincoln Monument. T , „ J. C. Powee, Custodian. Sprinufieed, III., January .".th, ism. Report approved, and J. C. Power is hereby re-appointed Custodian of the Monument for the present year. John T. Stuart, January 14th, 1876. J; WIN T. NTl'AKT, J ,, , ,,.; Jacob Bunn, [ t v£2!uEl John Williams, j Committee. 13 SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1876. Items. De. Ce. Januaby— To receipts from visitors Disbursements— Forcoal $10 35 Are scraper 1 50 making fires 1 50 salary 50 00 To balance [Profits on sales of books, pictures, etc., $15.73.1 Febbuaey— By balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— Forcoal $3 24 salary 50 00 To balance LProflts on sales, $10.41.] Maech— By balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For oil cloth to cover tables $6 0. 25 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1879. Items. Dr. Ce. January— Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For Salt, to put on ice shoveling snow and ice. salary of the Custodian.. By balance $1 20 3 25 50 00 [Profits from sales, $10.75.1 February— To balance r . Receipts f.om visitors Disbursements— For shoveling, snow salary of the Custodian By balance $1 50 50 00 [Profits from sales, $23.52.] March- To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements- Salary By balance $50 00 [Profits from sales, $19.30.1 April— To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor salary of the Custodian. By balance $1!) 15 50 00 [Profits from sales, $23.43.] May— To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor book to register visitors. blue grass seed salary of the Custodian.. . . By balance $13 75 20 oo 5 65 50 00 [Profits from sales, $24.08.] June— To b al anc e Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor grindstone, hoe, rake and monkey- wrench , salary of the Custodian By balance P: $20 25 7 25 :o oo [Profits from sales, $23.48.1 —3 $08 65 $68 65 $14 20 78 25 $92 15 $40 95 75 50 $116 45 $66 45 75 00 $141 ^5 $72 30 157 75 $230 H5 $54 45 14 20 $i;s 65 $51 50 40 95 $92 45 $50 00 66 45 $116 45 $69 15 72 30 $141 45 $89 40 140 65 $230 05 $140 65 113 25 $253 90 $77 50 176 40 $253 90 26 Items. Dr. Cb. July— to balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $1123 salary of the Custodian 5n no By balance I Profits from sales. $22.38.] August— To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $12 50 twoframes, with glass 4 5" coal 32 8S salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance ; [Profits from sales, $22.43.1 September— To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $13 00 drain tile and lumber 6 84 oil cloth and holland 5 27 coal 24 00 tacks, snap, tape, twine, etc 2 65 salary of the Custodian 50 00 To balance at the close of 1875. By balance at the close of l\76 By balance at the close of 1877 By balance at the close < >t 1878 By cash to J. T Stuart, of the Executive Committee.. I Profits from sales, $25.46.1 iFor the hi st time the income is sufficient to defray all ex- penses and pay a small amount into the treasury.l October— Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $59 88 hard brick X, 70 $176 40 93 75 $61 25 208 90 $270 15 $270 15 $208 90 103 75 $99 88 212 77 $312 65 $312 65 $212 77 117 75 hardware grass seed lime, lumber and tilt- repairing heater hauling salary of the 1 lustodian By ca»h paid to ihe Executive Committ. By balance. <-ash on hand 3 85 1 43 2 80 2 36 lu 50 50 00 I Profits from sales. $44.13. Ni'VKMI'.F.R— To balance To receipts from visitors ..,. Disbursements— For hard burned brick *Hi 25 labor :':, » paint ami putty 70 repairing heater 1 20 salary of the Custodian 50 00 To cash to balance from Executive Committee I Profits on sales, $13,38 1 8 01 $269 75 |269 75 $16 25 53 ;:. 21 03 $101 76 34 08 46 20 88 15 68 34 $338 53 $338 53 $168 52 84 98 16 25 $269 ::. $94 03 $94 03 $94 03 27 Items. De. Ck. Decembeb— $43 90 6 10 Disbursements— Salarv of the Custodian $50 00 $50 00 To cash to balance from Executive Committee [Profits on sales, $15.56.1 $50 00 $50 00 Totals for the year 1879— Receipts $1,251 05 Profits on sales, $267 90 With this annual report all arrearages in the Custodian's salary are settled, and all bills paid. The holding of the State Fair in Springfield was the principal cause of the increased re- ceipts from visitors. J. C. Power, Custodian. SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1880- Items. De. Ck. January— To receipts for the admittance of visitors Disbursements— For labor $6 38 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance [Profits on sales of pictures, books, etc., $20.13.1 February— To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements — For labor $1 50 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance [Profits on sales, 16.17.1 March- To balance last month Receipts from visitors : Disbursements— Forlabor $15 00 repairing heater 7 37 salary of Custodian 50 00 To balance [Profits on sales, $6.72.] $61 75 $61 75 $5 37 58 00 $63 37 $11 87 59 75 75 $72 37 $56 38 5 37 $61 75 $51 50 11 87 $63 37 $72 37 $72 37 •is Items Dr. Cb. April— By balance last month $108 75 $108 75 7:. Receipts from visitors Disbursements- $2 50 5 70 2 50 2 0(1 30 00 50 00 work on ceiling of Memorial Hall and Catacomb hauling flowers and plants for decora- tion boquets labor salary $92 70 By balance 15 30 1 Profits on sales, $15.81.1 May- To balance last month $108 75 $15 30 159 25 To receiptsfor the admittance of visitors Disbursements — For coal lawn mower, oil can, rake and grass hook $9 99 18 95 21 48 2 05 46 75 50 00 drain tile and lumber paint and oil $149 22 By balance 25 33 [Profits on sales, $14.27.1 June— To balance last month $174 55 $174 55 $25 33 96 50 $121 83 Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $38 00 9 00 50 00 hauling earth $97 00 Bybalance L4 83 [Profits on sales, $14.08.1 JUIiT— To balance last month $121 as $24 83 94 75 Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $22 50 ti 50 50 00 wire protection on chairs salary of the Custodian $79 00 By balance 40 58 [Profits on sales of pictures, $11.83.] $119 58 $119 58 August— To balance last month $40 58 102 75 Disbursements— For labor $5 3-i 1 75 :; 85 50 on wood for notices to "keep off the grass" work oil the Monument salary of the Custodian $oi> 98 By balance 82 35 / 1 Profits on sales, $21.50.1 $143 33 $143 33 29 Items. Dr. Ce. September— To balance last month To receipts from visitors Disbursements - For labor $33 75 hauling 10 50 two show cases 3105 lumber and drain tile 13 27 painting- and lettering "keep off the grass" 13 92 hardware 2 40 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance, being the accumulation of surplus re- ceipts in June, July, August, and by cash paid to the Executive Committee [Profits on sales of pictures, $27.47.] October— To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $37 50 painting Iron steps 20 00 grass seed 2 50 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance lProfits on sales of pictures, $22.47.1 November— To balance To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For coal $27 72 salary 50 00 By balance [Profits on sales, $12.47.1 December— To balance To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $21 53 repairing heater 11 81 salary 50 00 By balance paid to the Executive Committee [Profits on sales, $16.10.1 Totals for the year 1880— Receipts $1,204 75 Expenditures 1,204 75 $K2 35 190 25 [Profits on sales, $199.08.] $272 CO $135 75 $154 89 $117 71 $272 60 $110 00 25 75 $135 75 $135 75 $25 75 62 75 $77 72 10 7^ $88 50 $88 50 $10 78 74 50 $83 34 1 94 $85 28 $85 28 Note. — Having verified the fact that the profits on sales of books and pictures average but little more than two hundred dol- lars annually, and that being conceded to the Custodian as a supplement to his small salary, it was deemed by the chairman of the Executive Committee unnecessary to make any further reports of sales. 30 The opening of the Citizens' Street Railway September 5th. L880, landing passengers within less thftti one hundred yards of the Monument at the west side, effectually overcomes the possi- bility of obstructions being again placed in the way of visitors. The Fifth street line, or City Railway, continues to land passen- gers on the east side, as it has done for years. This gives access to the Monument by two street railways and two carriage drives. J. C. Power, Custodian. SEVEN i'H ANNUAL REPORT, 1881- Items. Dr. Ck. January— To receipts for the admittance of visitors Disbursements— For glazing $2 00 hauling water 3 75 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance February— To balance last month Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For salary of the Custodian. By balance March- To balance Receipts for admittance of visitors Disbursements— Fpr labor $19 00 blacking letters on stone from Rome... 2 1<> lawn rakrs 80 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance April— To balance Receipts for the admittance of visitors Disbursements— For labor $29 76 hauling ' 6 00 work on boiler I 0U coal lo 90 salary of the Custodian 60 on To balance $77 75 $77 75 $22 00 43 75 $65 $15 ;■> 61 7.-, $77 5d $5 mi 83 75 8 31 $97 66 $55 75 22 00 $77 7.5 $50 00 15 75 $65 75 $71 90 5 60 $77 50 $97 66 $97 66 31 Items. Dk. Ce. May- By ba'ance To receipts from visitors , Disbursements— For labor coal hardware salary of the Custodian. Ey balance $37 75 2 25 3 10 50 00 June— To balance To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $58 05 salary of the Custodian li 50 00 By balance July—* To balance To receipts for admittance of visitors Disbursements — For labor $40 75 padlocks 2 38 stones for landmarks 1 50 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance August— To balance To receipts for the admittance of visitors To Are wood Disbursements— For labor .' $31 63 hardware 3 00 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By cash paid to the Executive Committee September— To receipts for admittance of visitors Disbursements— For labor $42 50 mending lock 1 50 hauling: water fi 00 lumber 115 dry goods to drape the monument on the death of President Garfield, (half cost) salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance 9 50 OCTOBEK— ^ To balvrtice To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $39 63 blue grass seed 3 90 coal 26 40 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance $143 $143 75 $42 34 98 75 $141 09 $33 04 101 25 $134 29 $33 66 113 75 2 00 $149 41 $132 25 $8 31 93 10 42 34 $132 25 $21 60 112 25 $133 85 $143 75 $108 05 33 04 $141 09 $loo 63 33 66 $134 29 $84 63 64 7s $149 41 $110 65 21 60 $132 25 $119 93 13 92 $133 85 32 Items. Dr. Cr. November— To balance $13 92 84 75 Disbursements - For iron work $2 10 labor 22 lit painting ceiling of Memorial Hall 15 ;i salarv of the Custodian 50 00 $90 03 8 64 By balance $98 67 $98 67 December— $8 64 75 25 To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $15 32 sewer pipe 12 11 steam cement for joints in the Terrace. 3 70 salary 50 00 By balance paid to the Executive Committee $81 13 2 76 $83 89 $83 89 Totals for the year 1881— Receipts $1,129 00 Expenditures $1,129 00 The additions to Memorial Hall during the year were : First. — A small dish used as a toilet soap holder, hy Abraham Lincoln. Presented by Marion T. Hutson. Second.— A piece of oak wood in the form of a paper ruler, from a bridge at Greenup, Illinois, upon which Lincoln labored in building, in 1832. Presented by Mark Sperry, through Gov. Cullom. Third. — Louisiana's tribute to the memory of Abraham Lin- coln — a small printed volume. Presented by Judge Whittaker, of New Orleans. Fourth. — A photographic picture of the Lincoln Guard of Honor in a group, and in a gilded frame. Presented by the members of that organization. By order of Hon. John T. Stuart, Chairman of the Executive Committee, the Monument was draped in mourning, on the death of President Garfield, by intertwining black and white muslin from bottom to top of the obelisk, and around the balustrades on the terrace. This is probably the first instance on record of the tomb of one National ruler having been dressed in the liabili- mentsof mourning on the death of another; the black, to indi- cate the diabolical crime that caused his untimely death, and the white, his welcome to scenes immortal. It remained from the time of his death, Sept. 19th, until the body was placed in the tomb at Clevelaud, Ohio. After the drapery was arranged, the Custodian sent a small contribution to the president of Lake View cemetery at Cleveland, with the accompanying note : "Memorial Hall, National Lincoln Monument, September 22, 1881. "Presiding Officer Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio: "Dear Sir: — While the colored people, in commemoration of the nineteenth anniversary of the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, are flocking to this, their Mecca, I send you tl is contribution, to aid in building an equally imposing mausoleum to the twin martyr, in the cause of pure government. "This Monument is draped in mourning from bottom to top, in sympathy with the present great National sorrow. J. C. Power, Custodian." EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1882. Items. Dr. " Cr. January— $74 25 Disbursements- For labor. ,$8 75 snow shovel salary of the Custodian 1 S3 SO 01) $K1 33 12 92 $74 25 $74 25 February— $12 92 07 25 To receipts from visitors Disbursements- steam cement 3 65 salary of the Custodian .Ml Oil $78 47 By balance 1 70 $80 17 $80 17 March- To balance $1 70 84 75 4 08 To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $35 68 ti n ner's work ; salary of the Custodian 235 so on $90 53 To balance $'.i(i 53 $90 53 34 Items. Dk. Ck. April - $88 75 $4 08 To receipts from visitors ... Disbursements— For labor Bv balance $30 75 50 00 80 75 3 92 $88 75 $88 75 May— $3 92 161 75 To receipts from visitors - Disbursements— For labor coal flowers 41 69 27 xi 8 80 (, 50 7 00 50 OG Presbyterian Gen'l Assembly register. cedar posts salary of the Custodian $141 80 By balance 23 87 $165 67 $165 67 June— To balance $23 87 124 75 $148 62 Disbursements- 37 88 4 50 3 (III 111 67 3 (Ml 50 00 coal barbed wire flowers... s ilary of the Custodian By balance $109 05 39 57 $14S 62 July— To balance 9 57 114 75 $154 32 Disbursements — For labor steam fitting $45 50 4 25 4 5(1 1 50 5 hail liny salary ol the Custodian $105 75 48 57 $154 32 August— To balance $1- 57 136 25 To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $30 7.". 3 00 4roo 20 76 50 00 flowersat Mrs. Lincoln's funeral paint ins.' ceiliugs salary of the < lustodian $109 51 By balance paid the Executive Committee ;;, 31 i $184 82 $184 82 September— $137 25 Disbursements— For labor -train ci ■ in rut $22 .Mi 6 00 41 94 50 oo coal rv of the Custodian By balance $120 44 16 81 $137 25 $137 25 35 Items. Dr. Cr. October— To balance $16 81 101 75 $118 56 To receipts from visitors Disbursements — For labor $21 50 steam cement 14 60 salary of the Custodian 50 00 $86 10 By balance 32 46 $118 56 November— To balance $32 46 83 75 To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $20 50 steam cement 8 50 salary 50 00 $79 (10 By balance 37 21 $116 21 $116 21 December— To balance $37 21 64 75 $101 1)6 To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor . $1150 steel scam> 1 75 steel caulking tools, asbestos paper, felting and labor on steam pipes 18 75 salary 50 00 Bv balance paid to the Executive Committee $98 00 3 96 / $101 96 Totals for the year 1882— Receipts $1,240 00 Expenditures 1,240 00 Under the joint resolution of the United States House of Bep- resentatives, of January 23d, 1880, and of the Senate, February, 23d, 1881, concerning relics to be sent from the War and State Departments to Memorial Hall, the only article received thus far is one copy of "Tributes of the Nations to the memory of Abraham Lincoln," and is the only one that can be spared. Hon. W. M. Springer has been untiring in his efforts to have the provisions of the joint resolution complied with, but obstacles have presented themselves at various points, and the probability is that we will never receive half that was ordered in that resolu- tion. Secretary Frelinghuysen, some months ago, made arrange- ments with J. K. Osgood & Co., of Boston, Massachusetts, to have reproduced, by theheliotype process of engraving, about one hun- dred of the memorials that are on parchment. In a letter dated Washington, December 14th, 1882, Mr. Springer says: "The work is progressing slowly, but well. It will contain a portrait of Mr. Lincoln, and a reproduction of the x\merican flag, presented to him by the workingmen of Lyons, France. The printing pro- 36 gresses slowly, but you will be the more gratified in the end." Mr. Springer assures me that he will have at least one dozen copies sent to Memorial Hall. When I took charge of the Monument, the Executive Com- mittee well know that every point was guarded against an excess of expenses over the income. My salary was made ridiculously small, but supplemented with the privilege of selling suitable books and pictures, the profits on which should be exclusively my own. Other parties often came and took pictures without even asking leave. For a time I made no objection, but soon learned that the artists who came in this way were invariably incompetent, and that their efforts were little better than caricatures, and seriously interfered with the sale of good pictures. Upon calling attention to it, the Committee verbally authorized me to forbid the taking of pictures except with my consent. Still there were parties determined to take them surreptitiously. Then the Com* mittee gave me the following paper : "Mr. J. C. Power, "Sir:— From and after Monday, April '24th, 1882, you will please control the taking of photographic views of the Lincoln Monument until further orders of the Association or its Executive Committee. John T Stuart, ) Execntive John Williams, ^ Committee .» April 18th, 1882. James Conklino. ) As a precedent in similiar cases, I refer to the frequent mention of intruders, for the purpose of surreptitiously taking photographic views, in the article on Mount Vernon. J. C. Power, Custodian. 37 NINTH ANNUAL H EPORT, 1883. Items. Db. Ce. $70 50 Januaey— To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $15 50 salt to remove ice 50 salary of the Custodian 50 00 By balance cash on hand Febbuaby— To balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $15 50 long ladder 3 50 snow shovels . 1 00 salt 1 25 salary 50 00 By balance Maech— To balance last month J To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $36 5" repairing heater 5 85 salary 5 > 00 To balance Apeil— By balance Receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $38 00 salary 50 00 To balance May— By balance To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $41 25 drain tile 7 50 salary 50 00 By balance June— To balance, cash on hand To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $43 31 hauling and mowing 14 50 screen frame 3 85 salary 50 00 By balance, cash on hand $7li 50 $10 50 63 75 $74 25 $3 00 87 25 2 10 )2 35 16 25 3 85 $90 10 $141 25 $141 25 $39 05 127 75 $167 40 $66 00 10 50 $76 50 $71 25 3 00 $74 25 $92 35 $92 35 $2 10 88 00 $90 10 $3 85 97 75 39 65 $141 25 $111 66 55 74 $167 40 38 Items. Cb. July— To balance at last report To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $43 75 hauling , 6 00 hardware 1 flowers 3 00 salary 50 00 By balance, cash on hand August— To balance at last report To receipts from visitors Disbursements— For labor $44 19 brick 6 40 hauling 63 60 painting 21 53 salary 50 00 By balance Septemrer— To balance at last report To receipts from visitors Disbursements— Forlabor $4113 mowing 10 00 stone step 12 oo salary 50 00 By balance, cash on hand October— To balance at last report To receipts from visitors Disbursements— Forlabor $19 25 coal ■ 54 13 salary of the Custodian 50 00 To balance \'(i\ ttMBEB— 15 y balance last report _ To receipts from visitors • Disbursements— For Labor $27 13 lumber 1" M salary 50 00 By balance, cash on hand $55 71 119 50 $104 ro To 71 $175 24 $175 24 $70 74 127 25 $188 72 9 27 $197 99 $197 99 $9 27 131 75 $113 13 27 89 $141 02 $141 H2 $27 89 94 25 1 24 $123 38 $123 38 $123 38 $104 75 $1 24 B^ 27 it; 24 $104 75 i $104 75 39 Items. Dr. Cb. Decemrer— To balance last report $16 24 93 25 10 00 11 83 To receipts from visitors To Are wood. Disbursements— For labor $23 19 spent lime 150 brick 10 40 paint 1 83 frames and renovating parchments 44 40 salary ot the Custodian 50 00 Donation by the Custodian to balance $131 32 $131 32 $131 32 Totals for the year 1883— Receipts $1,263 50 Expenditures 1, 263 50 During the year four relies have been received and placed in Memorial Hall : 1. A steel engraving of Carpenter's painting of President Lin- coln reading the Emancipation Proclamation in presence of his Cabinet. Presented by Dr. H. Wolgemuth, of Springfield. 2. A photograph of a monument over the grave of the mother of Abraham Lincoln, in Spencer County, Indiana. The follow- ing extract from a letter accompanying the picture explains all : "The grave is near the old Lincoln homestead, where Thomas Lincoln resided from 1816 to 1830. A half acre of land on which the grave is, has been conveyed to the board of county commis- sioners in trust for the people of the United States, and is placed in charge of a committee of ten citizens. I am chairman of that committee. Eespectfully yours, James Yeatch." "Rockport, Ind., July '24, 1883." 3. A fern, grown near where Abraham Lincoln was born, in Hardin — now Larue — County, Kentucky. Presented in a neat frame, by Miss Katie Wetterer, of Springfield. 4. A photograph of a mural (wall) tablet, bearing the follow- ing inscription : In Memoky of MR. ABRAHAM LINCOLNE, OF THIS PARISH. Who died July 13. 1798, aged 79 years. And Hannah his daughter, who died Sept. 23d, 1769, aged six years. From Thee, great God, we spring, to Thee we tend. Path, motive, guide, original and end. 40 The picture was presented by Mr. John Leach, of Great Yar- mouth, County of Norfolk, England, who says that the tablet is in the wall of Saint Andrew's Church, Norwich, in the same county. It was accompanied by some interesting historical facts concerning the connection between the English and American Lincolns. A Table — Showing the amount received for the admittance of visitors to Memorial Hall, and all parts of the Monument for each and every month of the nine years that it has been under the charge of tJte Custodian. Months. 1875. 1873. 1877. 1X78. 1879. 1NMI. 1881. 1882. H83. January $72 40 $61 25 $57 25 $66 75 February... 41 65 35 75 71 75 38 25 March 39 40 14 75 49 25 51 75 April 67 20 54 25 71 25 62 25 May ln3 40 111 30 126 75 138 25 June 126 80 136 75 120 75 1"'.' !". July 92 25 lot 7:. 87 75 66 25 August 87 25 Ill 25 127 75 77 25 September . ^2 75 M6 65 97 25 73 75 October ... 1".", 75 112 25 84 75 86 25 November.. 57 25 til 75 56 25 153 25 December. . 46 25 51 25 49 75 $1,005 50 74 63 Ann'l totals. $922 35 $961 95 $998 08 $68 65 7 s 25 75 50 75 00 L57 75 113 25 93 75 103 75 117 75 269 75 53 75 43 90 $1,251 05 $61 75 58 00 59 75 10S 75 159 25 96 50 !H 75 102 75 190 2h 135 7.". 62 75 74 50 $77 43 111 83 113 98 lol 113 132 112 84 75 $74 25 67 25 84 7.", 88 75 liil 75 124 75 111 75 136 25 137 25 HU 75 83 75 04 75 $1,201 75 $1,129 00 $1,240 01) I $76 511 63 75 87 25 86 25 141 25 127 75 119 5o 127 25 131 75 94 25 1"4 75 103 25 $1,263 50 The above shows a grand total of nine thousand nine hundred and forty-one dollars and eighty cents, which has been expended in taking care of the Monument and grounds, and adding to the furniture and relics in Memorial Hall; except a small surplus of .65, which has been accumulated in the hands of the e ('nmmittfip.. J. C. Power. Custodian. executive Committee. 41 SUNDAY OPENING OF THE LINCOLN MONUMENT. A clause in connection with the original rules and regulations provides for opening the Monument on all days except Sundays. A pressure set in almost simultaneous with my assuming the duties as Custodian, to have it opened on that day also. On stat- ing the facts to- some of the Executive Committee, it was sug- gested that the experiment be tried. I accordingly adopted the custom — without giving any printed notice— of opening it at '2 o'clock every Sunday afternoon, expecting to stay but two hours. I soon found that it was simply another half day's service, for I was generally restrained from closing until the usual time for week days. It became apparent to me, that, as a general rule, those who could find time to visit it on that day only, were of the same class, who, if dry goods and grocery stores were open on Sunday, would soon find their time so limited, that they would easily yield to the transaction of general business an that day also. I accordingly notified the chairman of the Executive Com- mittee, in the autumn of 1878, that I desired to be relieved from opening it any more on that day, and if he had insisted on my doing so, I should have preferred tendering my resignation. The receipts for the two succeeding years may very properly be re- garded as a vindication of the course taken. The Monument has been opened on Sunday a few times since, but in each case for a special purpose and without fee or reward. Could he whose memory this monument is designed to cherish, be consulted, it would doubtless be found extremely repugnant to his feelings to have it opened on the Sabbath, and attended by a person under pay in any form whatever. A distinguished jurist and author — Hon. I. N. Arnold — who enjoyed a life-long acquaint- ance with him says : "Lincoln was more familiar with the Bible than any other book in the language." This knowledge enabled him to draw practical lessons from it in times of great and sore 42 trial, and although not a member of any Church, his recognition of the importance of its teachings would put to shame many who are. This is apparant m some of the more important of his State papers, winch seem surcharged with the spirit of some of the old prophets. I will give a single quotation from a general order to the army and navy, issued Nov. 16, 1862. "The President, Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, desires and enjoins the orderly observance of the Sabbath by the officers and men in the military and naval service. The import- ance for man and beast, of the prescribed weekly rest, the sacred rights of Christian soldiers and sailors, a becoming deference to the best sentiment of a Christian people, and a due regard for the Divine will, demand that Sunday labor in the Army and Navy be reduced to the measure of strict necessity. The discipline and character of the National forces should not suffer, nor the cause they defend be imperiled, by the profanation of the day, or name of the Most High." Whoever may discharge the duties of Custodian here, it is to him simply business, and to make business of it on Sunday, lowers the dignity that should manifest itself by quiet restfulness on ■ that day. The symbolism of which the Monument is composed, in connection with the illustrious character it is designed to com- memorate, teaches a very high order of patriotism. It would be little short of a crime to mar it by a violation of the Christian Sabbath, the proper observance of which is, in these times of Sabbath desecration, and for our own country, patriotism of the most exalted character. SIGHT SEEING. People who go sight-seeing, expect to spend money, whether there is a price fixed on the particular objects they seek or not, and if they are not prepared to pay the expenses they do not go. The American who visits London, will find hundreds of places he or she may desire to visit, to which admittance is restricted, either by requiring the payment of a fee, or written permission from some person in authority. The universal experience of trav- elers is, that those places denominated free are the most ex- pensive and least satisfactory to visit, for the reason that the time involved in obtaining the necessary written permit or order is 43 more valuable than the fee demanded, where a fee is required. The following are some of the places usually visited, and the cost or method of gaining admittance : The Bank of England covers eight acres of ground and em- ploys 1,000 clerks. The bullion vaults may be visited free, by special order from the Governor or deputy Governor of the Bank. The Royal Mint — free, on a written application to the Master of the Mint, in which the applicant must specify the day on which the proposed visit is to be made, his name, trade, and number of his party. Royal Botanic Gardens, on members' order, or occasionally by payment. British Gallery of Art — one shilling. British Museum — written order, free. Buckingham Palace — free, on a written order from the Lord Chamberlain's office, when the Queen is out of the city. Houses of Parliament — gratis, on Saturdays only, on an order from the Lord Chamberlain's office. Lambeth Palace Library — free, on a written application. Fire Monument — fee, three pence. It is 202 feet high, because the great fire of 1666, which burned over 436 acres, commenced 202 feet east of where the Monument stands. St. Paul's Cathedral — fee, three shillings and sixpense, divided into four distinct charges for the different parts. It cost one million, five hundred and eleven thousand, two hundred and two pounds, or seven and a half million dollars. Westminster Abbey — fee, sixpense. Tower of London — Mondays and Saturdays, free, all other week days, one shilling. It comprises twelve acres, and is a clus- ter of houses, towers, barracks, armories, warehouses and prison- like edifices. It contains many of the crowns of the former Kings and Queens of England. Crystal Palace — one shilling, except Saturdays, when it is two shillings and sixpense. Kew Gardens — free. II General Post Office. Permission to view its workings rarely granted. Savings Bank department may be viewed from 2 to 4 p. m., daily, on written application, stating which day the visitor desires to see it. Windsor Castle — free, on tickets from the Lord Chamberlain's office. Woolwich Arsenal, 850 acres in extent — free, for British sub- jects, on written application to the Secretary of State, for War. Foreigners must apply to their embassadors for tickets. Custom House, on the bank of the Thames — free. The amount of customs or tariff duties collected annually, is nearly sixty millions of dollars, notwithstanding England wants to have free trade in our country. There are hundreds of other places of interest, in London, that may be visited under similar restrictions. THE BROCK MONUMENT, AT QUEENSTON, CANADA. Sir Isaac Brock was the General officer who commanded the English army at the capture of the American army under General Hull, at Detroit, Michigan, August 12th, 1812. He also com- manded the British army at the battle of Queenston, Canada, seven miles below Niagara Falls, October 13th„1812. In that battle General Brock was slain. He was acknowledged by his enemies to have been a noble officer, and during his funeral, the American guns on the opposite side of the river were tired as a token of respect. The spot in the valley where he fell is marked by a small monument. A larger one was built on Queenston Heights in 18*20. It was blown up in 1840 by a man named Lett, who bad been connected with the Canadian rebellion of 1837-8. Money was raised by voluntary subscriptions, and in 1858 another monument was erected on the same spot. A committee of twelve distinguished gentlemen conducted the work. The monument stands on an elevation of 550 feet, and is 216 feet high, including a statue of the hero in whose honor it is erected. The base is forty feet square. The monument is ascended by 230 steps to a platform in the tower, '2<»0 feet from the ground, making 45 750 feet above Niagara river and Lake Ontario. From this eleva- tion may be seen the Falls of Niagara, Wellard canal, Lake Ontario, the city of Buffalo, New York, and towns and villages of Lundy's Lane, St. Catharine's, Queenston, Lewiston, Youngston, and Forts Niagara and Massasauga. It stands in an inclosureof forty acres, a gift from the Canadian government, and is ap- proached through a lodge, a quarter of a mile from the Monument. From Captain Robert B. C. Playter, a York Pioneer, who was "care taker" in 1876, I learned that a fee of one shilling, which they call the Canadian twenty-five cent piece, equal in value to our silver coin of that denomination, is required of each visitor for access to the monument and grounds. It is open in summer and closed in winter. The whole income is only about two hun- dred dollars a year. The Dominian government supplements that by sufficient appropriations to keep the monument in repair. Some places of Public and Patriotic Interest in our own Coun- try — HOW TO GAIN ADMITTANCE TO THEM AND HOW THEY ARE CARED FOR. THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT, AT BALTIMORE. The Legislature of Maryland, in the year 1S09, created a board of commissioners from her prominent citizens, and invested them with power to erect in the city of Baltimore, a monument to the memory of George Washington, the first President of the United States. The site was qhosen, but before any work was done, war which had been threatening between the United States and England, culminated in open hostilities. That is known as the war of 1812. In September, 1814, when the British vessels of war bombarded Fort McHenry, and attempted to land their forces at North Point, they we're repulsed by the Americans, which in- spired our National poem "The Star Spangled Banner." The soldiers who fell at North Point, afforded a new cause for the erection of a monument. As soon as peace returned, the com- missioners were directed, instead of a monument to the memory of Washington, to build one on the site selected, to the memory of the soldiers who had fallen in defense of the city. That is known as the Battle monument. 46 Another site, a short distance from the Battle monument, was selected and the corner stone of the Washington monument was Laid July Fourth, 1815. It is constructed of white marble, and was nearly fifteen years in. building, the statue of Washington having been raised to its position on the top, October 19th, 1829. The building of two monuments where but one was originally in- tended, led to the designation so long applied to Baltimore as "The Monumental City." The Washington Monument proper, is 101 feet high, and the statue 16 feet, making a total height of 180 feet. The ascent is made by a spiral stairway of 228 steps, to a balcony, from which may be seen the whole city, with its harbor, forts and adjoining country. The monument cost ^250,000, and the statue of Washington $9,000, all paid for by the State of Maryland. It would naturally be presumed that the State, having built it entire, or the city, with its population of 332,000 would, one or both, have made provisions for taking care of it, and made it free to all visitors, but such has not been the case, although it has been completed more than half a century. In 1875 I correspon- ded with Mr. Fenton, the keeper, and learned from him that the monument was under the care of the city of Baltimore ; that the Mayor appointed and the Council conhrmed a Keeper, annually. There are no grounds to look after. The duties of the keeper are to open the monument every day, except Sunday, keep the office supplied with fuel, and furnish each visitor with a lighted lamp. There is no salary attached to the position nor any report to make. The Keeper is authorized to sell views of the Monument and surrounding scenery, collect a fee of fifteen cents from each visitor, and retain all the income for his services. MOUNT VERNON LADIES' ASSOCIATION. Mount Vernon, the home of Washington, situated on the south bank of the river Potomac, sixteen miles below the city of Wash- ington, D. ('., was inherited by a nephew bearing the family name. Haifa century after the death of the Father of his country, but little attention was given to it from the outside world. Mean- while almost everything with which his daily life was associated, 47 was suffered to fall into dilapidation and almost hopeless decay. An occasional citizen of the great Republic, moved by patriotic impulses, desiring to visit the tomb, found it almost inaccessible for want of roads in that part of Virginia. The only way it could be approached with any degree of comfort was by water, and there were no regular boats. In this dilemma the idea occurred to a lady, that the ladies of the south should raise the money, purchase the estate and place it in the keeping of the State of Virginia. Alter nearly two years effort, a considerable sum of money was collected by subscriptions, when a charter was ap- plied for and granted by the Legislature of Virginia, March 17, 1856, under the style of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union. In the preamble it was declared that the Association should have power to raise two hundred thousand dollars, pur- chase and improve two hundred acres of the estate of Mount Vernon, including the Mansion, Wharf on the Potomac, and tomb of General George Washington, and that it should be "forever held sacred to the memory of the Father of his country." The Governor of Virginia was authorized to obtain a written contract from John A. Washington, for the purchase of the estate. Authority was given the Association to collect a fee of twenty-five cents for each and every person over ten years of age who may land at and visit Mount Vernon and the tomb of Washington. The move was for the Ladies of the South to raise the money, but Northern editors endorsed the work and claimed a part in it for the people of the North, since Washington belonged to the whole country. When it became understood that the money was all to be passed over to Virginia, for her to purchase and hold the property, objections arose and a new charter v/as applied for and obtained under date of March 19, 1858. The principal difference between that and the first charter was, that the capital stock should not exceed five hundred thousand dollars, including the two hundred acres of land, and that the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was authorized to hold the property in its own name, with the proviso that if it ceased to exist, the prop- erty should revert to the State of Virginia, to be held sacred to the memory of Washington. The clause authorizing the collec- tion of twenty-five cents from each visitor, was retained. Section 8, of the original charter reads : — IS '•The Governor of Virginia shall annually appoint and commis- sion live fit and proper men, who shall constitute a board of visitors, whose duty it shall be to visit that place and examine and faithfully report to the Governor all the proceedings of said A- ciation, touching Mount Vernon, and the manner in which they comply or fail to comply with this act, and other laws of the land. The expenses of said board shall be paid out of the treas- ury of this commonwealth, in the same manner that the expenses of other boards of visitors are paid." A constitution, with by-laws, was brought into existence, but when, is not stated. Finding that an amendment to the by-laws was made at a meeting of the Association, held in the city of Richmond, Virginia. April 26, 1858, I conclude that the consti- tution, with by-laws, was framed and adopted between the dates of March 19th and April 26, 1858. The constitution declares the officers of the Association to be a "Regent, Vice-Regents, as far as practicable from each State in the Union, and a Secretary and Treasurer. The Regent shall be the President of the Association and of the Grand Council, and the 'Southern Matron." shall be the first Regent." What is meant by the 'Southern Matron' I have not been able to learn. The following defines who are members of the Association : "Any citizen of the United States, from whom the Regent, any of the Vice-Regents, the Secretary, the Treasurer, or any local board, or authorized agent may. for thai purpose, receive or recognize the receipt of the sum of one dollar, shall be a member of the Association : and the payment of a further sum of one dollar, on or before the "2 2 1 of February, in any year, shall entitle a member to attend and vote at the annual meeting of the As- sociation of that year." Miss Ann Pamela Cunningham, Regent : Anna Cora Ritchie, Vice-Regent for Virginia ; Louisa [ngersoll Greenough, Vice-Regent for Mass.; Susan L. Pellett, Secretary, composed the meeting of April 26, 1858. It has been my ardent desire since I took charge of the National Lincoln Monument, to obtain reports and histories of all other places possessing similar attractions to the public. I wished to have them for the double purpose of keeping them here on iile, that I might write intelligibly concerning them, and avail myself of the advantages to be derived from a knowledge of their methods and to make it inure to the benefit of the National Lincoln Monu- ment Association. With all ray efforts I have been unable to ascertain when the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association was organ- » 49 ized, when it secured possession of the Mount Vernon estate, or when they began to run a boat regularly from Washington to Mount Vernon. Failing to obtain the desired information through the officers of the Association, I inquired of a citizen of Washing- ton, informing him' of the difficulties under which I labored, and asking his assistance. He readily gave me all the information he could, and then facetiously remarked that one reason why the Ladies did not respond more readily was, that perhaps they re- garded Washington not so much "the great American as the great Southerner." That reminded me of a tilt beWeeir two partisans before the rebellion, in which one cited Washington as an illustrious example as a slaveholder. The other retorted ; "Ah ! you forget to add that he set an equally illustrious example as an emancipator." This led me to moralize on the mistake of Washington, that he did not put his emancipation convictions into practice during his life, Avhen he could have given his freed slaves much valuable counsel in the use of their liberty. This shrinking on the part of the Ladies, from confiding in the people, who have so generously furnished the means of accom- plishing their laudable purpose, is the more inexplicable, in view of the example of Bunker Hill Monument Association in freely publishing its proceedings annually, especially when we remem- ber that Hon. Edward Everett, after years of the most efficient labor in building Bunker Hill Monument, contributed by his writ- ings and public lectures, more than one-third of two hundred thousand dollars for the purchase of Mount Vernon. By perseverence, I have, in addition to a copy each of the two charters, obtained a copy each of the constitution and by-laws ; "Opinion of Counsel;" of the proceedings of the Association and Grand Council at the annual meetings for 1866, 1872, 1873 ; Re- port of the Board of visitors on the part of Virginia for 1874 ; re- port and minutes of Council of the Association for 1875 ; frag- ment of report for 1876 ; report for 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881 and. 188'2. From what there is in my possession I have reason to think that there were annual meetings and reports, as early if not earlier than 1864, 1865, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1874, 1876, 1883 and 1884. None of the last named have come into my possession. The Ladies have one peculiarity in their manner of transact- ing business, the like of which is seldom or never done by. any other deliberative body ; and I confess myself deficient in the —6 50 sagacity to see a good reason for it. I allude to the practice of printing two pamphlets for each year, containing nearly the same matter, the one under the title of "Report of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union ;" the other, "Minutes of Council of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union." In their proceedings the "Grand" frequently occurs before "Council.'' It impresses the writer that if all the business for each year was ar- ranged consecutively and printed in one pamphlet it would lie more intelligible and less expensive. With these dual reports, and such other materials as I have, I will endeavor to give the reader some idea, however imperfect, of the workings of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union. At a meeting of the Association held in Washington, D. C, Nov. 19, 1866, "the Kegent read her report, in which she stated that the receipts of the Association, since its organization, amounted to $246,211.28 ; and of this sum $68,294.59, were received from the late Hon. Edward Everett — proceeds of his lectures and con- tributions to the New York Ledger. The entire purchase money, ($200,000) has been paid, together with the iuterest that had accumulated on the deferred payments, and about $23,000 have been expended for necessary repairs to the mansion and out-build- ings." June 11, 1872, the Grand Council of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association assembled at Mount Vernon, and remained in session five days. Twenty-one States were represented. A few quota- tions from their proceedings will give some idea of the business. The duties of the resident Secretary and Superintendent were performed by the same person, on a salary of $1,500.00. "The Association derives its chief income from the profits of a daily boat, owned and run to Mount Vernon by Sykes & . Hollings- head, and from sales on the place. An entrance fee of twenty- five cents is charged each person visiting Mount Vernon. To those coming on the boat, the fee is embraced in the fare charged ; in addition to which, the boat pays to the Association, as wharf- age, twenty-live per cent, of the actual passage money.'' '"Amount received from boat from June. 1870, to June. 1872, $8,066.45. From sales, donations and collections from June. INTO to June. 1872, $3,036.06." Council of the Ladies Mount Vernon Association was held in Washington, 1). C. May 13th, 1873, and continued until the -20th of the month. The Kegent reported that she had, in accordance 51 with direction of Council of 1872, made arrangements with David Paul Brown to write a history of the Association, but that his sudden death had terminated it. For the fractional year, from July 1, 1872 to May 1, 1873, the receipts from all sources were $3,894.61; expenditures $3,823.99. The Eegent then read her farewell address in which she offered her resignation on account of declining health. She also recommended that Mrs. Lilly F. McAllister Berghmans be recognized as the Eegent pro tern. Resignation accepted. Adjourned May 20th, to meet again at Mount Vernon, the first Tuesday in June, 1874. Failing to obtain a copy of the report of proceedings of the Association for 1874, I have only the report of the Board of Visitors on the part of Virginia to the Governor of that State. The chairman of the Board, Lieut. Governor H. W. Thomas, says they attended the meeting of the Association June 2d, and found it in session. He recounts some of the circumstances of the ladies having raised $200,000, paid for the estate, and of their having repaired and restored many of the old buildings. He sustains the ladies in their contract with the owner of a steamboat to land passengers at the Mount Vernon wharf, to the exclusion of all others, as the only means of obtaining an adequate and certain income. The Association met at Mount Vernon June 2, 1875. Minutes of 1874 were read, and the Eegent, Mrs. Berghmans read her re- port, m which she announces the death of the former Eegent, Miss Cunningham. She says: "Many of you are probably aware of the annoyances to which we were subjected last summer from an opposition boat, the "Mary Washington," which by run- ning at reduced rates, took from our boat a great portion of the travel. Capt. Hollingshead and Col. Hollinsworth both represen- ted to me the impossibility of continuing to run the "Arrow" at the prices originally agreed upon, namely $1.50 the round trip, and begged that I would authorize a reduction. In the interim of Council I was compelled to decide the matter, which I did, after taking reliable legal advice, and authorized the reduction of the fare to $1.00, which had the desired effect of soon compelling the other boat to withdraw from the contest. The same parties, however, with other sympathizers, then attacked us before the Virginia Legislature during its session, endeavoring to obtain an order for all boats on the Potomac to have the privilege of stop- Ult/VERs/ry of "-(-"WIS LIBRARy 52 ping ;it the Mount Vernon wharf, which being our own property' we claim the right to control — a right which is of v'tal moment to the support of Mount Vernon. The bill, which was designed to injure us so deeply, passed the House of Delegates, but owing to the energetic opposition of the Board of Visitors to Mount Vernon, aided by Judge Ball, and the Vice Regent of West Virginia, who happily chanced to be in Richmond at that time, and made a con- vincing statement of the rights of the case before the committee to whom the bill had been referred, it was defeated by a large majority. " Voted, that each of the Old Thirteen States which furnished a room in the mansion, be permitted to place its coat-of-arms over the door of such ; and that the other States may have their coat- of-arms hung in the Martha Washington sitting room." Adjourned to meet May 16th, 1876, at six o'clock p. m. on board the steamer "Arrow," at the seventh street wharf, at Washington, D. C, thence to Mount Vernon. Association assembled at Mount Vernon, May 16th, 1876, and after a three days session adjourned May 19th. The transactions for this, the Centennial year, appears in the reports for next year. The following is a list of the officers of the Association for 1877, many of them holding over from 1876. KEGENT. Mrs. J. S. Laughton, Washington, D. C. VICE-REGENTS. Mrs. M. J. M. Sweat, Portland, Maine, Mrs. M. P. J.,Cutts, Brattleboro, Vermont, Mrs. A. W. Chase, Providence, Rhode Island, Mrs. S. E. J. Hudson, Stratfort, Connecticut, Mrs. J. V. R. Townsenu, Albany, New York, Mrs. N. W. Halsted, Newark, New Jersey, Miss Emily Harper, Baltimore, Maryland, Mrs. Emma R. Ball, Leesburg, Virginia. Mrs. Ella B. Washington, Charlestown, West Virginia, Mrs, L. H. Walker, Leaksville, North Carolina, Mrs. L. H. Pickens, Edgefield, South Carolina, Mrs. P. Ed(;eworth Eve, Augusta, Georgia, Mrs. M. C. Yulee, Fernandina, Florida, 53 Mrs. C. H. P. Brown, Nashville, Tennessee, Mrs. Balfour, Vicksburg, Mississippi, Mrs. Mary T. Barnes, Washington, District Columbia, Mrs. M. H. Ward, Manhattan, Kansas, Mrs. C. L. Scott, Little Rock, Arkansas, Mrs. Martha Mitchell, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Mrs. Rosa B. Jeffrey, Lexington, Kentucky, Mrs. Harriet V. Fitch, Logansport, Indiana, Mrs. E. L. Broadwell, Cincinnati, Ohio, Mrs. M. A. Comegys, Dover, Delaware, Mrs. E. W. Barry, Chicago, Illinois, Mrs. M. G. Blanding, San Francisco, California, Mrs. A. P. Dillon, Davenport, Iowa. SECRETARY OF COUNCILS. Mrs. M. J. M. Sweat. RESIDENT SECRETARY AND SUPERINTENDENT. Col. J. McH. Hollingsworth. TREASURER. George W. Biggs, Washington, D. C. ADVISORY COMMITTEE. W. W. Corcoran, Washington, District Columbia, Gen. N. N. Halsted, Newark, New Jersey, Judge Charles B. Ball, Leeshurg, Virginia, Clarkson N. Potter, New York, N. Y, Judge J. P. Comegys, Dover, Delaware. BOARD OF VISITORS OF VIRGINIA FOR 1877. Judge H. W. Thomas, J. M. Forres, Fitz Hugh Lee. B. P. Noland. A Council of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, was held at Mount Vernon, May 22d, 187 i'. Mrs. Laughton, Regent, read her report, in which she called special attention to the fact that the five years' steamboat contract would expire before their next meeting. Five different parties made proposals for carrying passengers daily to and from Mount .-.1 Vernon. The subject was referred to the Executive Committee. From the report of the Superintendent it may he seen that during the month of October, 1876, the number of visitors by boat was L3,040, and as a result of the Centennial travel, the income for that year was such that after paying all expenses, he was en- abled to place about nine thousand dollars to the credit of the endowment fund. Although the Legislature of Virginia, by special act, after the Mount Vernon estate became the property of the Ladies' Associa- tion, made it exempt from taxation, it enacted a law, April 4th, 1S77, requiring the Association to pay the expenses of the Board of Visitors. At the request of the Association, that law was re- pealed in 1878. The river Potomac froze over and stopped the steamer, from December 10, 1876, until February 8th, 1*77, thus cutting off all income. Notwithstanding the loss of those two months, the total revenue received from May 1st, 1876 to May 1st, 1877, was 8-24, 024. 05, and the expenditures s;4.7'.)".15, leaving a balance of $9,228.90, which was added as previously stated, to the Endowment fund of $100,000, which the Ladies are aiming to raise, and had then brought up to about $28,000. The sale of photographic pictures of some of the choice views on and about Mount Vernon, has from the time the ladies began to restore it, furnished a considerable item of revenue. Having a clear title to the property, and being responsible to the public for the proper care of it, the audacity of an outside party claim- ing the right to enter the grounds and take views at will, is little if any short of what it would be to claim the right to take the crops growing on the grounds. Strange as it may seem, outside parties did from the first, force their way in against the protests of those in authority and take views for the purpose of profiting by the sale of them. A letter from a friend, speaking of the un- bearable annoyance, says, that it was never attempted twice by the same party, and that a Superintendent, before Col. Hollings- worth's time, when his patience was exhausted, broke the instru- ments to splinters, belonging to a party who had come unbidden. The party to whom they belonged sued the Superintendent for damages and gained nothing but, the privilege of paying the cosljs of his suit. The Superintendent, in his report for 1877. says that during August, 1870. "when no one but the servants were about the place, a party of men under the leadership of Dr. P. S. Howland, came 55 to Mount Vernon, with the determination to obtain negative photographs of the Mansion, Tomb" and grounds. Notwithstand- ing the remonstrances of servants, they persisted in their unlaw- ful intentions, making threats of personal injury, to which the servants can witness. I concluded that it was best to institute suit against the parties, which I did. Dr. Howland and others have been summoned to appear in court. This suit is still pend- ing, and comes before the next court in Juue, 1877, when I hope it will be speedily settled. I have employed able counsel for the Association, and have paid all preliminary fees. The question is an important one to us. The revenue from the sale of photographs has suffered very considerably in consequence of this trespass, a marked decrease being noticable. Photographs of Mount Vernon are now sold in different parts of Washington city, obtained un- lawfully from these negatives." Near the close of the meeting the Association passed the following : "Resolved, That the ladies of this Council desire to express their entire satisfaction at the manner in which Col. Hollings- worth has performed his duties as Superintendent, and to convey to him their especial thanks for the fidelity and success with which he has discharged the same during the Centennial year." After a session of seven days the Association adjourned May 29 th, 1877. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association assembled at Mount Vernon June 11, 1878. Reports of the Regent and Superintendent shows that .in the matter of a new steam boat contract, Mount Vernon had enemies who prevented the purchase of a boat in every way suitable, and that it became necessary for Capt. L. L. Blake, to whom the con- tract had been awarded for five years, from June 1, 1878, to June 1, 1883, for the exclusive right to land passengers at Mount Vernon wharf, to build a boat for that purpose. Consequently the following advertisement appeared in the Washington papers : "NOTICE TO MOUNT VERNON PASSENGERS. The steamer W. W. Corcoran, which has been recently built and furnished, L. L. Blake, captain, is the only boat allowed to land passengers at Mount Vernon wharf. Round trip $1 including admission to Mansion and grounds. Steamer leaves Seventh street Daily — Sundays excepted — at 10 a. m., and return about 3 p. m. J. McH. Hollings WORTH, Supt. Ladies' Mount Vernon Association. L. L. Blake, Steamer W. W. Corcoran." 56 The Superintendent recommended that a suitable uniform be adopted for the employes at Mount Vernon. He also reported that for the thirteen months, from May 1, 1877, to June 1, 1878, there had been 14,082 visitors, by boat, 1,262 by road gate; that the total revenue for farm and garden products, lunch tables, sale of photographs, and for admission of visitors, was $10,692.89; and expenditures, §10,(150.01. Of that amount, according to the ratio given in other places, the receipts for the admittance of visitors and wharfage, was §5,103.38. "The acting Regent was requested to purchase a suitable book to be placed in the hall of the Mansion, for the registration of new membership. Said book to have on the title page the fol- lowing: 'Persons may become members of this Associotion by payment of one dollar and the insertion of their names in this book.' The proceeds of membership are appropriated to the En- dowment Fund." "A. contract with Miss Johnson, for the sale of her guide book on the steam boat and at Mount Vornon, was read, accepted and signed by the acting Regent.-" Not rinding any report of the trial of the parties who trespassed on Mount Yernon, by taking photographic negatives, I infer that it was satisfactory to the Association, and that its right to con- trol the taking of pictures was maintained, f torn. the following: "Mr. Johnson, photographer, presented proposals for taking new and superior views of Mount Yernon, to be placed on sale, and a per centage allowed the Association. Referred to a com- mittee." "Yoted that the Superintendent be authorized to provide a uni- form for the hands on the place; said uniform to consist of a navy blue flannel blouse, with brass buttons, a wide leather belt with brass buckle, and black hat with blue band, marked 'Mount Yernon,' in gilt letters." "The State— New York— has presented the sum of s±25.(H) for a Burglar Alarm to be attached to the tomb of Washington, as an additional security to those precious remains." Adjourned, Saturday June 15th. Ladies' Mount Yernon Association of the Union, assembled at Mount Vernon. June 11, 1870. The Regent, Mrs. Lilly L. M. Laughton, not being present, Mrs. E. W. Barry, Yice-Regent for Illinois, was called on to preside. She opened the Council by reading of scripture, and the recital of the Lord's Prayer by the Ladies. 57 The following are extracts from the Superintendents' report : "Since the meeting of the Council, for theyear 1878, to June 1, 1879, there have been 11,026 visitors to Mount Vernon. The revenue during that time has been, from all sources, .$9,542.19, and the expenditures, $8,874.64." "During the winter we were obliged to curtail our expenses by a reduction of seven on our pay roll, and I regret to say that the public took advant- age of the opportunity to find fault." * * "I have planted eighteen acres in corn, eight in rye, seven in oats, ten in grass, and we have about one-half acre in potatoes, all of which are very promising. The fruit crop promises to be very abundant." The committee to whom the subject of photography was re- ferred, at the last annual meeting, made the following report : "To a member of your committee, Mr. Alex. Gardner, the late photographer of Mount Vernon, offered to present to the Associ- tion the negatives of Mount Vernon views now in his hands, when the Association makes their settlement with him. Several photographers were waited on ; three sent in their estimates to the committee : Dr. Jos. Jouy's estimate on cabinet size, $1 50 per dozen. Mr. Jarvis' " " " " 1 25 " N. G. Johnson's " " " " 1 20 " Other styles being in the same ratio. Mr. Johnson's being the lowest bid, the contract was awarded to him, the work guaran- teed to be good and satisfactory. The Superintendent attended to drawing up the contract, which was signed by your committee and approved by the Superintendent. It was for five years from Oct. 8, 1878." Committee on post office, reported that a post office had been established, and named "Mount Vernon-on-the-Potomac, Fair- fax county, Virginia," and that Col. Hollingsworth was the Post- master, and that Capt. Blake had the contract for carrying a daily mail for two years and nine months, from Oct. 1, 1878. Mrs. E. W. Barry, of Chicago, Vice-Begent for Illinois, in her efforts to furnish the room assigned to Illinois, in the Mansion at Mount Vernon, reported that, "In February, 1879 I presented a bill to our State Legislature, asking an appropriation of $150 for our Coat-of-Arms to be placed over the hall door of the Illi- nois room. A few days before I left home I received a telegram announcing its passage in both houses, followed by a letter from —7 58 the Hon. E. B. Sherman, saying at the close, '1 trust this small recognition, by the General Assembly, of your Association, will encourage you in your laudable endeavor.' Mrs. Barry had learned that there was a chair in New York that belonged to that room, in Washington's time. She expressed her intention to have it reproduced in a full set, upholstered ;is it is with blue satin damask. "In furnishing the room, it is our intention to adhere scrupulously to the original, so far as it is possible to ascertain what that was." After a session of three days, Council adjourned. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association assembled at Mount Vernon, May 26, 1880. Mrs. Lilly L. M. Laughton, Regent, presiding. From the Superintendent's report we learn that the number of visitors, by boat, for the year ending May 1st, was 13,420, and by road 480. The receipts from all sources was $13,526.68, and ex- penditures $12,883.80. There are fifteen buildings requiring con- stant attention. ''The number of residents on the estate, in- cluding the children of some of the servants, is nineteen." Decoration Day — May 29th — was observed at the tomb. "The iron gates were opened, the Ladies entered the enclosure and the Sarcophagi were soon covered with fresh flowers. Among them were some of the huge blossoms of the Magnolia tree planted by Washington, which seems each year to hurry for- ward in order to be ready to thus do honor to its master." Adjourned June 1st, after a session of six days. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, assembled at Mt, Vernon, June 7, 1881. Superintendent reported, "the number of visitors for the year 13,881 by boat, although the river was closed for seven weeks, and 359 by road. The revenue from all sources was #10,831,50, the expenses SK»,232,(iS, leaving a balance in hand of $610.82." The following classification of the sources of revenue taken from the Superintendent's report, will be found interesting : From regular visitors by boat $ 1,701 68 excursions by boat ... 229 75 visitors by land SO 75 " lunch table 2,933 70 sales from greenhouse. '. .... 383 35 " of photographs 783 lid canes, farm produce, etc 010 79 59 By analyzing the above it will be seen that for each passenger by boat the Association receives thirty-four cents. They have a right under their charter to collect twenty-five cents, which is in- cluded in the fare paid on the boat. The other nine cents is doubtless paid by the boat for wharfage. The fact that with navigation closed seven weeks, only 359 visitors came by land during the year, to this National Mecca, is a sad commentary on the lack of enterprise in road- making, in a part of our country settled for more than two hundred years. Italy, Mexico or South America could not be worse. If the inhabitants were New Eng- land people, or if Mount Vernon was as near to Boston as it is to Washington City, that sixteen miles would be traversed by a rail- road, if it had to be cut the entire distance through solid granite. Then hourly trips would be made instead of daily, and thousands would visit Mount Vernon where hundreds go now. I take the liberty of speaking thus freely because I was almost to the manor born, my ancestors for three generations having been natives of old London County. Adjourned June 11, to meet again May 24, 1882. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, met May 24, 1882. Council opened with reading of Scripture by the Regent and recital of the Lord's Prayer by the Ladies. Regent read her report. In speaking of the deaih of George W. Riggs, the Washington banker who was Treasurer of the Association, she referred to "the faithful and generous manner in which he stood by Mount Vernon in our dark days during the war, when all our resources were cut off, and he came to that never-to-be-forgotten Council, held in 1864, and assured us that he would advance the money necessary to support Mount Vernon until our usual sources of revenue were opened to us. The Superintendent's report for the year closed with April 30, 1882. The number of visitors by boat was 14,893, and by land 194. The revenue from visitors amounted to about $5,110.00 and from all sources $11,636.22, and the expenditures to $11,273.41. "The sum of $100 was voted by Council to be presented to Col. Hollingsworth, (Superintendent) as a testimonial of their appre- ciation of his constant and faithful service to the Association." 60 "Voted, That the Superintendent is hereby authorized to take a vacation of two weeks each summer upon leaving Mount Ver- non in charge of a suitable and responsible person during his absence." "Superintendent reported to Council that not long since a party of Naval officers, with ladies, landed at Mount Vernon, and when civilly requested to pay the usuul fee, refused to do so, claiming that they were exempt from payment because belonging to the Navy. After some expostulation, they threw down the money in anger and went away. Council approved of Sup< rintendent's action in exacting the fee." "The Finance Committee reported through Miss Emily Harper, Chairman pro ton, that the Superintendent's books and vouchers had been examined and found correct ; that the Committee had ex- amined the expenditures at the lunch table and recommended its continuance; that examination had been made into sales and profits of photographs, and the result was less satisfactory." "The manner in which Mr. Johnson, the photographer, has ful- filled his contract with the Association not being satisfactory. Council revoked the permission granted him by the Committee on Photographs, to extend his sales beyond those made at Mount Vernon and on the boat." "The Superintendent was authorized to employ William Bolden to sell photographs at Mount Vernon during the summer, and to pay him $15.00 per month." " The Association has found Captain Blake faithful in the dis- charge of his duties, attentive to the interests and dignity of the Association, and courteous in fulfilling all the proper expectations of visitors to Mount Vernon." His contract was extended five years, or until 1888. The frequent annoyances from parties claiming to he connected with the Navy, landing at Mount Vernon wharf, and refusing to pay the entrance fee, caused the Regent to request the Secretary of the Navy to forbid such infringement of the rights of the Asso- ciation. Secretary Chandler gave prompt orders that the evil be abated. The Association caused the following card to be printed in the Washington papers : "The frequent arrival of steam launches and private yachts ;it Mount Vernon, bringing parties who hind without being willing to pay the usual charge, has convinced the Ladies of the Mount Vernon Association, who have just closed their Annual Council, that some misapprehension must exist in the minds of the public, and they therefore publish the following notice, hoping that it will protect the Association from further infringement of its rights : 61 "Whereas, No boat except the steamer W. W. Corcoran, which holds an exclusive contract with the Association, is entitled to land passengers at Mount Vernon, therefore, if any such boat shall come to Mount Vernon, it will only be permitted to land passengers by payment of the same amount, per Capita, as that received upon the regular boat, ($1.00), two-thirds of which belong to the Captain of the W. W. Corcoran and one-third to the Mount Vernon Association, for the maintainance of the place. - ' The sixteen ladies composing this Council of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, were Mrs. Lilly L. Macalester Laughton. of Philadelphia, Pa., Regent, and fifteen Vice-Regents namely: Mrs. M. J. M. Sweat, of Portland, Maine; Miss Alice M. Longfellow, of Cambridge, Mass, ; Mrs. J. V. R. Townsend, of Albany^ N. Y. ; Mrs. N. W. Halsted, Newark, N. J. ; Miss Emily L. Harper, Baltimore, M. D. ; Mrs. Emma R. Ball, Richmond, Va. ; Mrs. Ella B. Washington, Charlestown, West Va. ; Mrs. Letitia H. Walker. Leakesville, N. C. ; Mrs. Lucy H. Pirkens, Edgefield, S. C. ; Mrs. Philoclea E. Eve, Augusta, Ga. ; Mrs. Ella S. Herbert, Montgomery, Ala. After spending nine days in Coun- cil, the Association adjourned June 1st, to meet again May 25. 1883. The Ladies have done and are doing a noble work. There is no reason why it should not continue indefinitely, and if they would be more free in communicating with the people they would find it more profitable, and mutually agreeable to both parties. In answer to my inquiries of one who is in a position to know, comes the following responce : "There is no limitation to the ex- istence of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, but should it ever cease to exist, from any cause whatever, the property would revert to the State of Virginia. The question of making it free, however, has never been thought of." BUNKER HILL MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. June 17, 1775, the battle of Bunker Hill was fought. If we re- gard the affairs of Lexington and Concord, on the 19th of April previous, as skirmishes, this was the first regular battle of the American Revolution. The British soldiers were commanded by Sir William Howe, and the American colonists by Colonel William Prescott, aided by Putnam, and Pomeroy and Stark and Reed 62 and knowlton, and others equally as brave, The number en- gaged on the side of the British, was about four thousand regulars, besides seven ships of war. On the side of the colonists, there were about eighteen hundred. The loss in killed and wounded, was, on the side of England, ten hundred and fifty-four, and of the Americans, four hundred and forty-nine. Joseph Warren, a graduate of Harvard College, an eminent physician of Boston, Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, President of the provincial congress of Massa- chusetts, and chairman of the committee of safety, had just been elected a Major-General, and might have assumed command, but he preferred carrying a gun, and entered the ranks as a volunteer. When the command was tendered to him by Colonel Prescott, who had done good service in the Indian wars, Warren declined, saying that he had come to learn the art of war from a veteran soldier. A friend entreated him, before entering the ranks, not to risk his life as a private soldier. He replied in Latin, "Sweet and graceful it is to die for one's country." He fell near the close of the battle, saying as he went down, "Fight on, my brave fellows, for the salvation of your country." After a struggle of eight years, the thirteen American colonit s were acknowledged by England to be independent States. Until Independence was achieved, there was little time devoted to hon- oring the memory of those who had fallen in the conflict, but, "soon after the great evacuation day of Boston, March 17. 177ii, the body of General Warren was found, having been identified by Dr. Jeffries, in the loss of a joint of one finger, by a felon, ami also by a peculiar tooth, a part of which had been broken off in early life. The body was re-interred, with solemn ceremonies, at King's Chapel, in Boston, April 8, 1776. A few years later, King Solomon's Lodge of Free Masons, in Charlestown, erected a monument of wood, eighteen feet high, to the memory of Gen- eral Warren and his associates, on the spot where he fell. It was dedicated in December, 1704, with appropriate ceremonies. Feb. 3, 1796, the general court of Massachusetts passed an act for the protection and preservation of that monument. At the close of the Revolution, a bridge was built across the mouth of Charles river, connecting the cities of Boston and ( 'harlestown. The bridge was opened by a procession crossing it amid the booming of cannon, and a salute of thirteen guns, as 63 the procession reached Bunker Hill, where between 800 and 1,000 persons sat down to a sumptuous dinner. This was done June 17, 1786, the eleventh anniversary of the battle, and the first ob- servance of the day. As the result of a quiet conference in 1822, between William Tudor, Daniel Webster, Edward Everett, Thomas Handasyd Per- kins, and Dr. John Collins Warren, a nephew of the martyr, the latter purchased two and three-quarter acres of the battle ground of Bunker Hill, and held it until a corporation could be created. In May, 1823, these five gentlemen with a number of others, held a meeting at which twenty-six gentlemen subscribed five dollars each as the preliminary steps to forming an association to secure the field of Bunker Hill, and erecting a monument on the same. May 28, 1823, a petition was presented to the Legislature of Massa- chusetts for an act of incorporation for The Bunker Hill Monu- ment Association, which was passed and approved June 7, 1823. The Association was organized by the election of officers, June 17, 1823. Five dollars was established as the fee for membership, and twenty-five gentlemen, in addition to those who effected the organization, were elected members that day. An act in aid of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, approved Feb. 26, 1825, appropriated labor in dressing the stone, by convicts in the State's prisons, to the amount of ten thousand dollars. The fifth section of that act provides for turning the Monument over to the State when it is completed, conditioned on the State making suitable provision for taking care of it. Under an act of eminent domain the Monument Association was enabled to secure fifteen acres of the Bunker Hill battle field, including that purchased by Dr. John C. Warren. The total cost was $23,232.42. July 27, 1824, a standing committee of five was raised to man- age the affairs of the Association, in order to avoid the necessity of too frequent meetings of the whole body. That committee re- ported March 1, 1825, that it was thought advisable for the Asso- ciation to avail itself of the presence of General Lafayette in this country to lay the corner stone of the Monument, June 17, 1825. Hon. Daniel Webster had been selected at the previous annual meeting, before the laying of the corner stone was thought of, as the orator for that annual meeting. He had also been elected, April 12th, to fill the vacancy by the death of ex-Governor John 64 Brooks, the President of the Association. By this combination of circumstances Mr. Webster was both President of the Associa- tion and orator of the day at the laying of the corner stone. The Legislature of Massachusetts defrayed the expenses of all revo- lutionary soldiers who could be induced to come. One hundred and ninety were present, forty of whom were in the battle of Bunker Hill. June 17, 1825, the corner stone of Bunker Hill Monument was laid by John Abbott, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Mass- achusetts. General Lafayette stood by, received the trowel from the Grand Master and spread the cement over the corner stone. The Masonic apron he wore on that occasion is still preserved by the Association. Immediately after the corner stone was laid, Rev. Joseph Thaxter, who was chaplain to Col. Prescott's regi- ment and was present at the battle, just fifty years before, re- turned thanks for the past and invoked the blessing of God upon the new enterprise. An ode by Rev. John Pierpont was next sung. Then followed the oration. Mr. Webster was in the full prime of his manhood, and with the inspiring presence of Lafay- ette, the early friend of the struggling colonies, and twenty thousand of his fellow-citizens, who were carried away by his lofty sentiments, mingled into one mass, and wrought up as one man to the highest pitch of enthusiasm, when, under the blessing of (bxl, he bade the Monument "to rise until it meet the sun in his coming." ( >ne of Mr. -Webster's successors as President of the Associa- tion, applied to him the couplet: "To those who know thee not, no words can paint; And those who know thee, know all words are faint." I 'inner and toasts followed, and the festival closed by Mr. Webster offering : "Health and long life to General Lafayette:" which was responded to by the General with, "Bunker Hill, and the holy resistance to oppression, which has already enfran- chised the American hemisphere. The nexl half century's jubilee toasl snail be, To Enfk\nchised Eueoi'k." Mr. Webster presented the manuscript of his address to the Association, and it was readily sold for six hundred dollars. On the seventh of June, 1825, after a lengthy discussion as to the relative merits of a column or an obelisk, it was voted that the form be that of an obelisk, after a model placed before the 65 Association by Horatio Greenough. The exact size and height was not determined until after the corner stone was laid. Green- ough's plan was in the main carried out, but it was amended and enriched by the talents, taste and influence of Loammi Baldwin, one of the directors. At a meeting of the board of directors July 5, 1825, it was definitely settled that the foundation should be 52 feet square and 12 feet deep, the Monument 30 feet square at the base, 15 feet at the top and 220 feet high, and that it would cost $100,000. September 1st, 1825, the Treasurer reported the amount of subscriptions actually received was $54,433.07. The payments for land, lying corner stone and other expenses amounted to $29,- 416.03. He had placed $25,000 in bank at five per cent., and had in his hands $17.04. The directors voted to commence the work, and placed $25,000 at the disposal of the building com- mittee, consisting of Dr. J. C. Warren, chairman, General Dear- born, Amos Lawrence, George Blake, and General Sullivan. Alexander Paris prepared the corner stone and personated the architect at the laying of the stone, and his name was inscribed on the plate as such. He also laid the foundation. At a meeting of the committee, October 31st, 1825, Soloman Willard was elected , architect and superintendent. After a long search for the best material he found an inexhaustible quarry of gray granite in the western part of the town of Quincy, and that was the introduction of Quincy granite into Boston and all over the country. Blocks could be secured of such magnitude as to make the courses thirty- two inches deep. The ledge was twelve miles from the site of the monument. A charter was granted March 4th, 1826, to a com- pany for the purpose of building a railroad to transport the gran- ite, which, it is asserted was the first railroad in the United States. The State of Massachusetts appropriated $7,000 in cash in place of the $10,000 formerly appropriated in convict labor, because it was impracticable to work the convicts so far from the prison at Charlestown. A loan of $25,000 was effected, and when all was expended, amounting to $56,525.19, the monument had reached the height of thirty-seven feet and four inches, and in February, 1829, work was reluctantly suspended and all hands discharged. During the year 1829, the ladies of the State, for the first time, made a move on their own account, and raised by subscription $2,225.38, which was placed at interest. During a —8 66 suspension of five years, a part of the land was sold, to the deep regret at the necessity, of all concerned, and the loan was paid off. Five dollars having very early been agreed upon as the amount necessary to secure a membership certificate, many of them were held by parties who seldom or never attended business meetings of the Association. The anti-masonic excitement growing out of the alleged abduction of William Morgan in 1826, culminated in the formation of a political party. The anti-masonic party, op- posed to all secret societies, yet by secret means rallied such of these dormant members as answered their purpose, and at the annual meeting, June 17th, 1831, elected a sufficient number of directors to come very near getting control of the Association, but all this was reversed the next year, terminating the only effort to identify it with a political party. Under the influence of Paul Revere, the patriot leader who carried the news that the British soldiers were on the march from Boston to Lexington, and aroused the farmers the night before the battle at the latter place, April 19th, 1775 ; a society was established in Boston, in 1795, called the Massachusetts Chari- table Mechanics' Association, for improvement iu arts and manu- factures, the charitable care of fellow members overtaken by mis- fortune, and for social intercourse. Amos Lawrence, one of the wealthiest merchants of Boston, and a member of both the B. H. M. Association and the M. C. M. Association, proposed that if the latter would aid in raising $50,000 for the completion of the monument, he would give $5,000 of the amount and would con- tribute a like amount to the Mechanics association when it was ready to build an edifice for itself. Impelled by the impetus of this offer the Mechanics Association raised $10,000, which with the ladies' fund amounted to about $'20,000. Under the auspices of the Charitable Mechanics' Association, work was resumed on the monument June 17th, 1834, and continued until November, 1835, when it reached the altidude of 85 feet. From this time the president of the Charitable Mechanics' Association has always been elected the first vice president of the B. H. Monument • Association. Following this suspension of the work, the people of the United States passed through a financial hurricane extending from 1830 to 1840, such as they had never experienced before. At the Annual 67 meeting of the Association, June 17th, 1839, it was resolved to ad- journ to July 1st, when a resolution was passed instructing the directors to inaugurate measures to raise funds for completing the monument. At a meeting of the Association, June 17th, 1840, President Buckingham said there were two gentlemen willing to contribute ten thousand dollars each, when a sufficient amount should be raised from other sources to complete the monument, which would require about forty thousand dollars. It was known to the Association that a considerable number of the most influential ladies of Boston were willing to engage in a Fair for the purpose of raising funds for the completion of the monument. At a meeting, July 25th, a resolution was passed authorizing the Fair to be held the second week in September. The most intense activity prevailed from that time among all classes of both ladies and gentlemen, and on the 8th of September, 1840, the Fair opened in Quincy Hall, a structure 38'2 feet long and 47 feet wide. It was entirely under the management of the ladies, and the arti- cles sold were chiefly the products of their own handiwork, and were sold at fair prices, giving change as in regular business. A daily paper entitled ''The Monument," edited by Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, aided by its sales and -advertisements to swell the funds. A post office was another unique institution. It was not for re- ceiving, but distributing only. "One had only to give his name in full, and sure enough there was an excellent letter in waiting for him, properly addressed, for which he had to pay twenty .five cents postage, as it had come all the way to Boston from Fairy- land." This was during the log-cabin and hard cider campaign, the most exciting Presidential election ever held. The net proceeds of the Fair, which lasted eight days, was $30,000, which with $10,000 each from Amos Lawrence of Boston, and Judah Touro, was sufficient to complete the monument. Mr. Touro was a native of Providence, Rhode Island, son of a Jewish priest there. He commenced business in Boston, but went to New Orleans, where, in mercantile business, he became a million- aire, and was living there when he made the liberal donation to the Monument Association. He participated in the battle of New T Orleans, January 8th, 1815, and was wounded nigh unto death. Previous to this time, or during the two former stages of the building, the work had all been done by day labor. "Undoubtedly €8 the best and most economical method of executing public or pri- vate works, is by honest day labor under competent and faithful supervision." But now the public feeling was decidedly in favor of having the building of that part from 85 feet up to 220 feet, done under a contract that would come within the means at the command of the Association, and within a specified time. Ac- cordingly, the directors entered into a contract with James Sulli- van Savage, Nov. 4, 1840, to complete the Monument for 813,800, according to the design drawn by Solomon Willard, and under his direction as an architect. A building committee was ap- pointed, consisting of Charles Wells, George Darracott, John P. . Thorndike and Charles Leighton. Charles Wells, as chairman of that committee, visited the Monument every working day dur- ing the tw r enty-one months the work was in progress, and the other members of the committee gave him the most faithful co- operation and assistance. "On Saturday July 23, 1842, at six o'clock in the morning, pursuant to public notice, the directors and several hundred citi- zens assembled on Bunker Hill to witness the laying of the top- stone upon the Monument. As the clock struck six, a signal gun was fired by the members of the Charlestown Artillery, and the cap-stone, which had been previously adjusted to hoisting appa- ratus connected with the steam engine, immediately began to ascend. It was surmounted by the American flag. In sixteen minutes the cap-stone reached its destination. At half past six it was embedded in cement, and a National salute tired announc- ing the completion of the Monument." Mr. Savage was a practical stone mason, and had worked on the Monument under Mr. Willard, during the first two stages of the building. Dr. Warren", in his history of the Monument, page 217. says : "Mr. Savage is authority for the statement that the men employed to work upon the Monument were all called total abstinence men, and that not a drop of intoxicating liquor was ever drank, during the three periods of its construction, by those engaged thereon." The Monument having been completed, the next thing in order was to dedicate it. Hon. Daniel Webster was invited to deliver the address of dedication, on the 17th of June, 1813, eighteen years from the time he had delivered the oration at the laying of the corner stone, and the sixty-eighth anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill. It was Saturday, the same day in the week on which the battle was fought, and it was clear and beautiful. In 69 the presence of thirteen of the soldiers who had fought in the hattle there, and ninety-five others who had fought in some of the battles of the Eevolution, the President of the United States, with his cabinet, the Governors of several of the States, and fifty thousand citizens, after prayer by Rev. George E. Ellis, D. D., President Buckingham presented Mr. Webster to the audience, when he was greeted with deafening cheers. First congratulat- ing the Association on the grand Monument, he reviewed the origin of the Nation's Independence, that our fathers had brought with them, the Bible, and the literature and best institutions of the Old World, escaping its local customs and fetters, and had planted here the principles of representative government. Sum- ming up all we had gained and achieved, he said : "I would that the fifty thousand voices present could proclaim it with a shout which should be heard over the globe." Dr. JohnC. Warren, one of the committee of arrangements, had expressed the opinion that the orator could not possibly come up to his effort of 1825, at the same place, but after it was over, he declared with great delight, "Mr. Webster has surpassed himself!" After the services at the Monument, a sumptuous dinner was served at Faneuil Hall, after which came the feast of reason. The first toast was : "The Battle of Bunker Hill— Freedom fell, but Liberty triumphed." In responce the whole company, standing, sang to the tune of Old Hundred, two stanzas prepared for the occasion. The second toast was : "The Monument— The proud Memorial of a defeat, glorious to the vanquished, and of a victory fatal to the conquerers." There were other excellent toasts and responses, but it is some- what remarkable, considering the efficient aid of the ladies, that no allusion to it or them was offered. Something like the follow- ing would have been appropriate : "Woman— The cap-sheaf of Creation, it was fitting and proper that she should have furnished the means for putting the cap-stone on the Monument." The fifth toast came : "The Orator of the Day— If we would find his equal in eloquence and patriotism, we must be permitted to exercise liberally the rigut which he has refused to the most powerful Notion on earth, "The Right of Seakch. " That toast was a happy allusion to the fact of England and the United States having learned to settle their differences by diplo- macy rather than war, which was brought about by Mr. Webster, 70 as Secretary of State, in a letter to Lord Ashlmrton, repudiating forever the right claimed by England to search American vessels for British seamen. A letter from Gov. Marcus Morton, alluding to the two most liberal benefactors of the Association, Amos Lawrence and Judah Touro, contains both the spirit of a toast and response : "Amos and Judah, venerated names, Patriarch and Prophet press their equal claims, Like generous coursers, running neck and neck, Each aids the work by giving it a check. Christian and Jew, they carry out one plan, For though of different faith, each is in heart a man." According to previous agreement, the building committe made arrangements with King Soloman's Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons to put a marble copy of their first monument erected on the battle field, within the completed Monument, which was done June 24, 1845, by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, with im- posing cermonies. After the Monument was dedicated the building committee was continued for three years. A second contract was made with Mr. Savage, under which he held possession of the Monument, with the right to take the usual fees from visitors ; and for this privil- ege he laid a granite walk ten feet wide on each side of the Mon- ument, erected an iron fence on the outer line of the same, and also laid a brick sidewalk on the streets upon the four sides of the square. The visitor's fees amounted to a mnch larger sum than the committee had supposed possible. Mr. Savage retained the steam engine that was used for hoisting stone, from the beginning of his contract, for the purpose of raising a passenger car to the top. That is believed to have been the first instance in the history of the world where steam was utilized as a motive power in hoisting materials in building a monument. The fee for those who ascended on foot was twelve and a half cents ; for those who used the car, twenty cents. The building committee, in their report for June 17, LS4r>, say that, "From the commence- ment of Mr. Savage's contracts to the end, he has appeared desirous to give satisfaction, and to exert his best efforts for the fulfillment of his engagements, ami your committee believe that the work is faithfully and satisfactorily done." George Washington Warren, from whose admirable history of the hunker Hill Monument Association I have drawn liberally in these notes, after having served as Secretary eight years, became President of the Association in 1847. 71 • June 17, 1850, the seventy-fifth anniversary of the battle was ob- served by a public procession and an oration by Hon. Edward Everett, who was then president of Harvard College. After the oration, twelve hundred invited guests and subscribers to the festival sat down to a bountiful and elegant dinner that had been spread in a large hall. That day Col. T. H. Perkins, ex-Presi- dent of the Association, offered §1,000 towards the erection of a Monument on Bunker Hill to General Warren, which it was after- wards decided should be in the form of a statue. Subscriptions were raised from various sources sufficient to complete it, and it was dedicated June 17, 1857, with imposing cermonies, that being the eighty-second aniversary of the battle. October 19, 1860, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and heir apparent to the British throne, with his full suite, visited the Monument. That the visit was on the 79th anniversary of the surrender of the British General, Cornwallis, to General Wash- ington at Yorktown, was purely accidental, but not a little remark- able. For the first time the British ensign was displayed from the top of the Monument, by the side of the American flag. On seeing this the Prince said : "This Monument was not erected for our glory." President G. W. Warren replied : "True, your High- ness, but it marks the birth of a kindred Nation, which will ever own its affection for the mother country, and as an ally will prove as valuable as though she were still a part of her." To this his Koyal Highness gave his cordial assent. A memorial of this visit was prepared, and a copy on parchment was sent to the Prince, and one retained by the Bunker Hill Monument Association. When armed treason trampled the stars and stripes under foot, the Bunker Hill Monument Association determined to exalt the flag of the Nation above the summit of the Monument erected to its glory. A mast seventy feet long, surmounted by a gilt ball, was prepared and bolted to the upper courses of the Monument, so that a flag of the largest size might clear its apex. On the morning of June 17, 1861, a large concourse of citizens assembled at the base of the Monument, and after appropriate preliminary services, President Warren called on Governor John A. Andrew to unfurl the flag. The Governor closed a most patriotic and thrill- ing address with this apostrophe to the American flag: "Ke- spected it shall be in Charlestown, Massachusetts ; and in Char- leston, South Carolina ; on the Mississippi and on the Penobscot ; 72 in New Orleans as in Cincinnati ; in the Gulf of Mexico as in Lake Superior, and by France and England, now and forever. Catch it, ye breezes, as it swings aloft ; fan it, every wind that blows, clasp it in your anus and let it float forever as the starry sign of Liberty, now and forever, one and inseparable." With these last words the Governor pulled a cord which loosened the flag, and it spread out large and beautiful to the morning breeze. Gilmore's Band played the Star Spangled Banner, America was sung, and patriotic speeces were made. The flag was many times displayed during the war, and for the last time, Nov. 26, 1866, on the day set apart for National Thanksgiving for the termina- tion of the great rebellion. The observance of the Centennial of the Battle of Bunker Hill was talked of for years before. It was a fortunate circumstance that by an act of the Legislature, submitting the question to the suffrages of the people, the two cities of Boston and Charlestown voted at the State election of 1873 to unite. The union was af- fected on the first Monday in January, 1874. The City Council of the united city of Boston, appropriated thirty-five thousand dollars to be expended in observing the Centennial. Preparations were actively prosecuted during the entire year before. The State of Massachusetts made liberal provision for the entertainment of distinguished guests, and authorized the Governor to order a re- view of all the volunteer troops of the State, on the day of the celebration, and declared the 17th of June a legal holiday for that year. The construction of a granite lodge, or Memorial room, to take the place of the wooden one, has been under consideration since 1843. Funds have been accumulating for the purpose. In 1837, the Association sold ten acres of its land to pay a debt of $25,000. In 1876, that land was assessed at $608,800, having increased in value nearly twenty-five fold, and all must regret that the whole fifteen acres could not have been retained and embellished as a park. Taking a retrospective view, we find that twenty-four citizens of Massachusetts were authorized by an act of the Legislature, approved June 7, 1823, to organize the Bunker Hill Monument Association. The organization was effected June 17, 1823, by ac- cepting the act of incorporation, electing twenty-five additional gentlemen to membership, choosing a board of twenty-five direr- 73 tors, electing officers and establishing five dollars as the fee for membership. Many of the members admitted between the organ- ization of the Association and the completion of the Monument, are yet living, and they are all entitled to take part in the busi- ness meetings, upon presentation of their certificates, but the list having been lost, tho exact number of members cannot be known. From 1844, the year after the Monument was dedicated, until 1862, not a new member was admitted, — the Association seemed to think that all that remained to be done was for the old mem- bers to die off. In the latter year a by-law was enacted providing that new members might be admitted by a vote of the Association upon the nomination of the directors or the standing committee, retaining the rule to require a membership fee of five dollars. A new and more simple form of membership certificate was adopted. The following is a blank copy of the same : "Be it made known by us, the President, Treasurer and Secre- tary of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, instituted in 1823, for the purpose of commemorating the early events of the American Eevolution, by the erection of a Monument on the ground where the action of Bunker Hill was fought, and by the appropriate commemoration of the glorious anniversary of the 17th of June, 1775, that has been ad- mitted to be a member of this Association. In witness whereof we have sighed our names to this diploma on this day of in the year of our Lord and of the Independence of the United States of America, the President. Treasurer. Secretary. " After the new'certificate was adopted in 1862, additional mem- bers were received every year, and from that time until the Cen- tennial of the battle, about 250 associate members were elected, and down to and including the annual meeting of 1884, the num- ber admitted was 448. The number of actual living members is something more than that number, for the Secretary says : "There are many old members of 1823 to 1842, still living, who are entitled to all the privileges of new members ; but the list has been mislaid, and we never know the exact number of members." —9 74 Lafayette and Simon Bolivar were the two first honorary mem- bers elected by the Association, and down to the Centennial year of the battle, seventy-four honorary members had been admitted, none of whom were living who had been admitted previous to 1868. The number admitted down to the close of the annual meeting for 1884, was eighty-five, the last one being our own George Bancroft, the historian. Among those from foreign coun- tries, admitted as honorary members, was General Lafayette, Simon Bolivar, Dom Pedro, Guiseppe Garibaldi, Oscar Lafayette, Edmond de Lafayette and the Marquis de Rochambeau. The Centennial of the battle of Bunker Hill was observed June 17th, 1875.- A business meeting of the Association was held June 5th, when seventy-six new members were admitted, and arrangements made for omiting the business meeting on the anniversary, by an adjournment to June 23d, when thirty more new members were admitted, making the whole number of living associate members two hundred and twenty-four. At each annual meeting every member may take part in the transaction of the business. At this meeting the election of officers takes place, consisting of one President, five Vice-Presidents, one Treasurer, one Secretary and fifty Directors. The Board of Directors, with the President and Vice-President, select a stand- ing Committee of ten. They, with the President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Association, the three la-tter of whom are ex- officio members, make the standing Committee number thirteen. The ordinary business is transacted by the standing Committee, except when the entire board of directors is called together. The President of the Association is always chairman of the stand- ing Committee. Since the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association came to the aid of the Bunker Hill Monument Association in 1833, the President of the former has always been elected first Vice-President of the latter. The total cost of the Bunker Hill Monument was $133,694.83. From the time it was completed in 1843, there has been a stated fee taken for the admittance of visitors. I have not the statement for every year, but I find the following in tabulated form. 75 YEAE. EECEIPTS. EXPENSES. 1866-67 $5,294 70 $1,605 71 1867 , -68 5,132 40 1,666 71 1868-69 6,102 80 1,775 14 1869-70 5,745 50 2,055 53 1870-71 5,007 40 2;294 48 1871-72 5,265 40 2,727 10 1872-73 5,888 30 2,615 59 The following are the statements by the Custodian of B. H. Monument in the last eleven annual reports. From June 2d, 1873, to May 30th, 1874— 24,457 adults visited at 20 cents each $4,891 40 839 children at 10 cents each 83 90 Total 4,975 30 For the year ending May 31st, 1875 — 24,169 adults at 20 cents each $4,833 80 997 children at 10 cents each 99 70 Total 4,933 50 For the year ending May 31st, 1876 — 23,334 adults at 20 cents each $4,666 80 1,029 children at 10 cents each 102 90 Total 4,769 70 For the year ending June 1st, 1877 — 22,766 adults at 20 cents each t $4,553 00 791 children at 10 cents each 79 10 Total 4,632 30 For the year ending June 1st, 1878 — lS,606*adults at 20 cents each $3,721 20 946 children at 10 cents each 94 60 Total 3,815 80 For the year ending May 31st, 1879— 19,533 adults at 20 cents each $3,906 60 752 children at 10 cents each 75 20 Total 3,981 80 For the year ending May 31st, 1880— 25,279 adults at 20 cents each $5,055 80 921 children at 10 cents each 92 10 Total 5,147 90 For the year ending May 31st, 1881 — 26,080 adults at 20 cents each $5,216 00 243 children at 10 cents each 24 30 Total 5,240 30 76 For the year ending May 31st, 1882 — 30,219 adults at 20 cents each $0,043 80 448 children at 10 cents each 44 so Total 0,088 60 For the year ending May 31st, 1883 — 28,047 adults at 20 cents each $5,009 40 107 children at 10 cents each 10 70 Total 5,020 10 For the year ending May 31st, 1884 — 30,357 adults at 20 cents each $(5,071 40 307 children at 10 cents 36 70 Total 6,108 10 The fees for the admission of new members. June 9th 1874, fourteen members $ 70 00 " 17th 1874, twenty members 100 00 " 5th and 23d, 1875, ninety members 450 00 1870-77, fourteen members 70 00 1877-78, eighteen members 90 00 1880-81, twenty-six members 130 00 1881-82, forty-seven members 235 00 1882-83, forty-five members 225 00 1883-84, twenty-nine members 145 01) The Bunker Hill Monument Association has always been com posed of men of the very highest culture and of the most exalted patriotism. Professors of Harvard College, lawyers, physicians, statesmen, and men of the highest learning combined with prac- tical knowledge in mechanics and civil engineering, merchants, mechanics and business men of all classes, have one and all devoted their time, talents and money to the interests of the Association. Daniel Webster delivered two grand orations on its behalf, one while he was its President, at the laying of the corner stone, -June 17, 1825, and again at the dedication, June 17, 1843. Edward Everett served it many years as Secretary and President, delivered orations at a number of annual celebrations, and in the raising of money on various occasions. Hon. Charles Devcns, Jun., delivered an oration at the Centennial celebration, June 17, 1875, that was seldom, if ever, surpassed in any language or any occasion. Solomon Willard, one of the most accomplished architects, gave eighteen years devoted service free of charge, and $1,000 in cash, towards the Monument, and it is asserted by the members 77 of the Association, that the entire cost is many thousands of dol- lars less than it would otherwise have heen, all owing to the in- telligent and liberal supervision by Mr. Willard. Such was his habitual liberality as to draw from Edward Everett the remark, that "he wanted to do everything for everybody for nothing." Charles Wells, George Darracott, John P. Thorndike and Charles Leighton, were the building committee who supervised the work in carrying out the contract of Mr. Savage, in building the Monument from 85 up to 221 feet, one and a half inches, the exact height of the Monument as found by actual measurement, while the scaffolding was around it for the purpose of repairs, in October, 1882. The consequence of such faithful supervision was, that for thirty years after the Monument was dedicated, there was not a dollar expended for repairs.. A thorough repairing and painting in 1882, nearly forty years after it was erected, cost less than eight hundred dollars. As long as there was any Revolutionary soldiers, the State of Massachusetts made it a point to pay the expense of gathering them whenever there was any important demonstration at the Monument, besides the liberal appropriation she made in build- ing it, and for the entertainment of distinguished guests from abroad at the laying of the corner stone, at the dedication and at the Centennial celebration. With her one and three-quarters million population, and great wealth, she could make access to the Monument free and not feel it, but she does not choose to do so, recognizing the fact that the small fee of twenty cents is not a burden to the poorest, and that it makes each one who pays that amount feel that they have a vested interest in it. The cities of Charlestown and Boston have always made liberal provision for any public demonstration connected with the Monu- ment, and the united city of Boston manifested her liberality by appropriating thirty-five thousand dollars to be used in celebrat- ing the Centennial of the Battle of Bunker Hill. With her population of four hundred thousand, she could defray the ex- pense of caring for the Monument, but she doubtless comes to the logical conclusion that when her citizens become so mercen- ary that they will not bear the test of twenty cents for a visit to this hallowed spot, it will be time to turn it over to the Government, to support a light to guide the commerce of the world into her harbor. 78 George Washington Warren, President of the Association, in his annual address for 1874, referred to the provision in the charter for turning the Monument over to the State of Massa- chusetts, also to a suggestion that had been made the previous year, to turn it over to the city of Boston, hut he came to the conclusion that there was work for the Association to do that would last another generation, and there was no move for disbanding it.- President Warren referred to the subject again in his address before the annual meeting in June, 1875, the Centennial year : "This Association was intended to be a permanent body, having for its object, besides the erection of the Monument, the celebra- tion of this anniversary, as well as the collection and preserva- tion of documents and relics illustrative of our Revolutionary epoch, and the procuring of statues, busts, or portraits of the dis- tinguished heroes of the time. I trust that this purpose will be carried out, and that our Monument will he surrendered neither to the State nor the City." From the report, for 1883, of the standing committee, of which Hon. F. W. Lincoln is chairman, I make the following extract : "It is forty years, on this anniversary, since the celebration of the completion of the Monument, with imposing ceremonies, and the second great oration of Mr. Webster. It is manifest that, as time rolls on. the Monument itself, and the event which it com- memorates, lose no interest to the American people, or to the lover of free institutions from other lands. The organization which has it in charge, and whose functions is to keep alive, in tangible forms, its sacred memories, never was in a more pros- perous condition. Each year adds to its number the men of this generation, who, in honoring the deeds of the Fathers, carry with it also the assurance that the principles for which they fought are still believed to be the crowning glory of the Republic, and the true test of American citizenship." Having a desire to learn from the experience of others, I wrote to the veteran Custodian, J. B. Goodnow, who is seventy-three years old and has been forty years in charge of Bunker Hill Mon- ument, asking him such questions as I thought would draw out the desired information. In his reply of Dec. 20, 1883, he says: ' "I send you our lasl yearly report, by which you will see there has been no change in the tee," (twenty cents). From his letter of Jan. 12, L884, 1 make this extract : "You ask me if some vis- itors do not complain about paying a fee. Some do, not many when I tell them how it is conducted. Some clear out— will not 79 go up. They think it should be free, however, I do not, for I think it is better as it is, than to belong to the City or State. A note from Mr. A. C. Fearing, Jr., Secretary of the B. H. Monument Association says: "The Monument is kept in better order and less expense than if the State or City had charge of it." I applied to Hon. F. W. Lincoln, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Association, for publications relating to the Monument. He referred the matter to the Secretary, who sent me their annual reports for ten years. He also wrote a note to Mr Lincoln, who sent it to me with one of his own. The following is the letter of the Secretary. "Boston, January 28th, 1884. "Hon. F. W. Lincoln. "Dear Sir: — I will send Mr. Power a package of reports as re- quested. And in answer to his inquiries would say that Mr. Goodnow, our superintendent, informs me that there are a few visitors who complain of the charge for admittance, and think that the Monument should be free to all, but they are usually satisfied with his explanation that all the receipts are used to pay the expenses. There has never been any public complaint. I have never seen a letter on our files, or any newspaper article on the subject. As one-third of our visitors are from Massachusetts, we should certainly have heard of it if there had been a general complaint. I do not remember any move made to have the City or State assume the expense and management of the Monument, excepting a suggestion made in 1873, as stated in Mr. Warren's report for 1874, but no discussion was held and no action taken on the subject. The Centennial of 1875, and the inaguration of the Prescott Statue in 1881, renewed the interest in the Associa- tion. Our own members, and I think the public, would preferthat the management of the Monument should remain with the Asso- ciation. Very respectfully yours, A. C. Fearing, Jr., Secretary/' With the above letter came one from Hon. Frederick W. Lincoln under the date of "Boston, February 12th, 1884. "Mr. J. C. Power. "Dear Sir: — Yours of the 17th of January, together with some photographs of the Lincoln Monument were received, for which accept my thanks. I enclose a note from our Secretary which I heartily endorse. I think it would be the best plan to keep the Monument in your own organization, if in some way you can secure the funds for the necessary expenses. If you have a sufficient 80 balance over, from which you could draw an income when funded, or could obtain an annual grant from the Legislature, or charge fees for admittance, this end may be attained. To perpetuate the organization, I suppose you could, from time to time, enlarge your members by the admission of influential citizens interested in such matters. * * * * * "Our enterprise is not complete, for we propose to erect a Granite Lodge for Revolutionary relics, as well as more statues for the grounds. If your orgination has an annual meeting, such an occasion would call to the notice of the people the services of the loyal men who were engaged in the struggle for the preservation of the Union ; and especially the merits of the great civil Leader under whose administration it was successful. Each anniversary would inspire gratitude for the past, and stimulate patriotism for the present and future. "Of course I have written this without knowing exactly the form of youx orginization, and do not know if my ideas are practical in your case. I remain, yours very truly, F. W. Lincoln." The following is from the address of Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, President of the B. H. Monument Association at their annual meeting, June 17th, lh84. "It has sometimes been suggested that our Association has finished its work and might even be suffered to die out and dis- appear. And it is true that, in building up yonder massive Monu- ment, it long ago accomplished the primary object of its organi- zation. It might, indeed, have terminated its existence in triumph, when the thrilling tones of the same matchless voice which had been listened to with so much delight at the laying of the corner- stone, were heard again, in undiminished grandeur, when the cap- stone was brought forth with shoutings ! "But tbis Association had charged itself at the outset with something more than the erection of a granite obelisk. Not only was watch and ward to be kept over that structure and its sur- roundings, but the memory of the momentous struggle which it commemorates, and of the heroic officers and soldiers engaged in that struggle, was to be kept forever fresh and green ; and what- ever could contribute to the illustration of that opening scene of the American Revolution was to be gathered up and sacredly guarded for posterity. All this was contemplated and included in the original design of this Association : and of such a design, in all its significance and fullness, and of the work which it involves, there can be no completion. "Nor can the Association which has assumed this special and sacred trust ever abandon it. It will assemble from year to year, in all time to come, as it has assembled to-day, to attest its obli- 81 gations and renew its pledges. From such obligations and pledges there can be do discharge, and I venture to say there will be no disposition to escape. * * * And thus our Association must be counted, and must count it- self, as permanent and perpetual in its nature and design, and can only be dissolved, or suffered to die out, when our country shall cease to have a place among the nations of the earth, and when American Liberty shall no longer enlighten the world." THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT, AT WASHINGTON, DIS- TRICT OF COLUMBIA. General George Washington, ex-President of the United States of America, died December 14, 1799. Upon the announcement of his death to the Congress of the United States, a joint resolution was passed to build a marble monument to his memory at the seat of the Federal Government. "From time to time the resolution wss revived in one house or the other for a long series of years, but always died the death of postponement." The failure of the National Legislature to carry out its own pledges led to the organization of a voluntary society in Septem- ber, 1833, for the purpose of collecting funds and building a mon- ument to the memory of the Father of his country. It was styled the "Washington National Monument Society." I am not able say at what date the work was commenced, but twenty-two years after the organization of the Society the Monument had reached an altitude of about one hundred and eighty feet. The resources of the Society were so near exhausted that the work was sus- pended in 1855. In 1859 the Washington Monument Society was incorporated by Congress with nineteen members, of whom the President of the United States is ex-ojficio President. The work lay dormant until 1880, when Congress took the matter in hand, appropriated funds, and for the last four years it has gone for- ward as rapidly as the nature of the case will admit. It is ex- pected that the finishing touches will be put on it during the present year — 1884. • The Washington Monument has an interior spiral stairway from bottom to top. It has also an elevator run by steam for hoisting —10 82 materials, but whether it will or will not be retained for carrying visitors to the top, the writer is not advised. On the inside, stones with suitable inscriptions, from every State of our Union, and from nearly all the Nations of the world, are built in the walls, but its principal characteristic is its immense altitude, be- iing five hundred and fifty-five feet high, from ground line to lapex. Think of one hundred and ninety-one feet added to tbt dome of our State Capitol, and you have the height of the Wash- ington Monument. As there has not any record come down to us, of the height of the Tower of Babel, it may be safely said that the Washington Monument is the tallest structure ever known to have been erected by the hands of men. For twenty-five years, from 1855 to 1880, the Monument was closed to all, and a watchman kept in charge at fifty dollars per month, to take care of the property and grounds. Since the com- mencement of the work on the shaft — in 1880 — visitors have been permitted to ascend to the top, when in the discretion of the over- seer, there was no danger, and no inconvenience would result to the operations going on, the permits being issued by the engineer officer in charge of the construction. There has never been any charge for admittance. "Whether upon completion, after the 22d of February next, — 1885 — any fee will be taken for entrance and ascent by the steam elevator, is not determined. Should the United States government continue in charge, it would be hardly proper ; but if the management be referred to the present Advis- ory Board, — the Washington Monument Society, — there may be." From Hon. Horatio King, Secretary of the Washington Monu- ment Society, and his assistant, F. L. Harvey, I learn that there is not now any complete printed account of the Monument, that the facts are mainly contained in the records of the Monument Society, and scattered through the volumes of the "Annals of Congress," by Gales and Seaton. Much of this information has been collated, and is now in manuscript of many pages, and will be printed and issued soon after the Monument is completed. THE GARFIELD MONUMENT AT CLEVELAND, OHIO. Gen. James A. Garfield, President of the United States, was shot by an assassin, at Washington, D. C, July 2, 1881, and after suffering untold agonies until September 19tlr, died at 83 Elberon, New Jersey. Offers of contributions for the erection of a Monument to his memory came from many sources before his remains found a resting place in Lake View Cemetery, at Cleve- land, Ohio. The Garfield National Monument Association was organized soon after, for the purpose of erecting a Monument to his memory. After collecting a considerable sum of money, prizes of $1,000, $750 and $500 were offered for the first, second and third best designs for a Monument. Before the trustees passed upon the designs, two expert archi- tects, Calvert Vaux, of New York, and Harry Van Brunt, of Boston, examined and studied the designs separately, and each without the knowledge of the other. Their judgments were concurrent as to the superiority of the design offered by Mr. George Keller, consequently the trustees awarded to Mr. George Keller, of Hart- ford, Conn., the first prize of $1,000 ; to C. F. and J. C. Schwein- furth, of Cleveland, Ohio, the second prize of $750; and to Moffit & Doyle, of New York City, the third prize of $500. "The Monument will be built after Keller's design, with some modifications introduced from the other two designs. Before putting his ideas into shape, Mr. Keller went over the ground where the Monument is to be built, and endeavored to conform it to the surroundings, at the same time typifying Garfield's char- acter, and adopted the tower form as best suited to his purpose. It rises from broad terraces which are reached by spreading stairs, forming a dignified approach to the Monument. A projecting porch at the base of the tower contains a vestibule, on one side of which is placed the keeper's office, and on the other a room for a visitor's register and for the reception of relics. The vestibule leads into a round, vaulted chamber, the stone dome-like roof of which is carried on eight granite columns, arranged in a circle around the sculptured tomb, which occupies the center of the chamber. The capitals of columns and molded arches between are richly carved, the pavement is tiled in harmonious colors and designs, and the whole is lighted by richly mullioned windows, which throw a softened light on the tomb. An aisle outside of the columns surrounds the chamber, a side wall of which is deco- rated with niches for the reception of statues or vases of flowers. "A spiral staircase of stone leads to the top of the tower, so constructed that in ascending the tower it winds around the tomb below. In making one revolution of the tower there are four flights of stairs, and a landing is provided at the foot of each flight, lighted by triple windows, from which a view of the land- scape can be obtained. At the top the spiral staircase opens on a gallery from which the surrounding country can be viewed. 84 On the outside of the Monument, above the portal, is a frieze of sculpture six feet in height, extending entirely around the base of the tower and within easy view from the ground. It is divided into panels containing bas-reliefs which represent in a graphic manner the career of Garfield as an educator, a soldier and states- man ; long and anxious waiting and watching of the world over his death-bed, and the remarkable funeral procession from Elberon to Cleveland. The remains of the President will be en- closed in a crypt below the level of the chamber, occupying space between two of the bays. "The designer suggested Ohio stone and buff-colered terra cotta for the construction of the Monument. The whole Monument can be built thoroughly for $150,000. The dimensions are not given, but from the plans the trustees estimated the base to be about fifty feet square and the Monument to be 225 feet in height, surmounted by a figure at the apex. A statue of Garfield, of a design not yet agreed upon, will be placed at the entrance to the vestibule. From the windows at the top of the Monument a magnificent view of the city and its suburbs can be obtained, and the birthplace of Garfield, eight miles away, can almost be seen." From a letter by Mr. J. H. Rhodes, Secretary of the Garfield National Monument Association, under date of Oct. 23, 1884, I make the following extract : "The present situation of the Garfield Monument is simply this : We have accepted the design of Mr. George Keller, of Hartford, Conn., of which I send you a photograph. As it is now too late in the season to begin work, and as Mr. Keller is anxiflus, before finally completing his drawings, to inspect the monuments of the old world, we have deferred letting any contract for building until the spring of 1885. Mr. Keller will leave this country next month. and return early enough in the spring to have the contracts let and the work begun so soon as it is advisable. The monev raised amounts, in all, with the interest accrued, to about $132,000." The following are the names of the officers and members of the Garfield National Monument Association : OFFICERS. Ex-Gov. Charles Foster, President. Ex-President, R. B. Haves, Vice-President. Ex-Gov. A. B. Cornell, Vice-President. J. H. Rhodes, Secretary. National Bank of Commerce, Treasurer. 85 x EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Charles Foster, R. B. Hayes, J. H. Wade. H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, Charles Foster, K. B. Hayes, A. B. Cornell, J. H. Wade, H. B. Payne, trustees. Joseph Perkins, James G. Blaine, R. E. Withers, T. P. Handy, Dan P. Eells, John Hay, Enoch T. Carson, Amos Townsend, J. H. Rhodes, J. P. Robinson. It seems to be proper to close this publication with some infor- mation about the membership of the National Lincoln Monument Association. The column on the left contains the names of the original members of the Association, that on the fight the present members. Names of deceased members are marked with a star, and the names of those chosen to fill the vacancies are in the column on the right, opposite the names of deceased ones. It will be seen that two vacancies by death have not been filled. The seats of Dennis and Melvin were declared vacant on account of their removal, the first to Chicago and the latter to San Fran- cisco. If the removal of Judge Zane to Salt Lake City makes a vacancy, then there are three vacant seats in the Association. Gov. R. J. Oglesby, President. *Hon. J. K. Dubois, Vice-President. Hon. J. H. Beveridge, Treasurer. Hon. O. M. Hatch, Secretary. Hon. John T. Stuart, ) ^ „ T -nr ( Executive Col. John Williams, > Committee Jacob Bunn. ' Hon. J. C. Conkling. Judge S. H. Treat. *Hon. Sharon Tyndale. Hon. Newton Bateman. *Hon. O. H. Miner. "Hon. D. L. Phillips. T. J. Dennis. Dr. S. H. Melvin. Gov. J. R. Oglesby, President. Ex-Gov. S. M. Cullom, Vice-President. Hon. J. H. Beveridge, Treasurer. Hon. O. M. Hatch, Secretary. Hon. John T. Stuart, Col. John Williams, Hon. J. C. Conkling. Jacob Bunn. Judge S. H. Treat. Ex-Gov. John M. Palmer. Hon. Newton Bateman. [ Executive ( Committee. Judge C. S. Zane. Hon. Milton Hay.