OF THE U N 1 VERS ITY or ILLINOIS 914.(5 N42I Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. A charge is made on all overdue books. University of Illinois Library AUP 1 4 19 18 L16^1— H41 •^14,15 traveller's guide, &c\ Ireland is situated between 5° 25" and 10^ S7'' longo from London, and between 51" 16^ and 55^ 15" North lat. being bounded on the East by St. George's Channel, whicii separates it from England, and a strait fifteen miles broad, dividing it from Scotland; on the South, by the mouth of St. George's Channel; on the West, by the Atlantic Ocean; an 1 < ihe North, by the Scottish Sea. Its greatest extent from Ivorth to South, is 285 Irish miles, and its greatest breadth from East to West, 160 Irish miles. Its area is computed to contain 11,067,712 Irish plantation acres, comprising every species and variety of soil, fertile, barren, mountainous and boggy, whose different properties will be accurately described, in the subsequent detail of theiv local situations. The most singular peculiarity respecting the Climate of Ireland is its general humidity, universally ascribed to the pre- valence of the western winds wafting hither the accumulated vapours of the great Atlantic Ocean, which being condensed, and arrested in their progress by the numerous lofty mountains of this island, precipitate in that superabundance of rain, which occasionally overflowing the vallies, forms morasses, and converts the richest soil into a residence for Bitterns', when a counteracting industry is not e^certed to diminish the gradual augmentation of such natural depositories. Thus Ireland, for its extent, becomes the best irrigated country in the world, because 401419 NEW traveller's GUIDE these accumulated masses of water, by their physical gravity, force a passage, where nature does not oppose insurmountable obstacles; and hence, almost every townland in the kingdom is not only abundantly supplied, but frequently supersaturated with this element. But the benign God of Nature, who fore- sees all possible contingencies, has adapted the soil and sub- stratum to the nature of the climate ; the latter being composed of rocks, destined to filtrate he rain, and to relieve the surface from redundant water. If the soil of Ireland were as dense and impenetrable, as the compact clays and poreless chalks of En- gland, the most fertile portion of this fair island would become utterly uninhabitable ; but the rocks are generally cloathed with verdure, and covered with a mould of the softest and most delicate turf imaginable; when rocks and lime-stone do not predominate, harsh tenacious strong loams, difficult to be sub- dued, are very prevalent; but sandy, dry, friable, mellow, putrid loams are very general, and constitute the best soils both for tillage and for pasture. The various lakes, and beautiful rivers, with which this island abounds, contribute to enrich and diversify its natural scenery. The respective situations of the lakes, the sources af the rivei's, and the towns they water in their progress, shall be noticed in their proper places. The mountains of Ireland form a pleasing variety, which a flat country can never afford; they contain the finest quarries of beautiful marble, capable of receiving an elegant polish ; there are also inexhaustible mines of coal, which only want enterprize and capital to render them productive. Mineralogists assert, and experience proves, that this island is not destitute of the precious metals. Iron, copper, and lead ores are found in many places, and profitably wrought by some spirited individuals. Mineral springs of various classes, also have been discovered in many places ; such as the vitriolic alkaline, absorbent, saline, purgative, sulphureous, and are highly esteemed for their medicinal qualities. The Antiquities of Ireland have engaged the attention of many authors of profound erudition ; the result of their re- searches shall be dili^^ently selected, wherever these perishable memorials of human industry have escaped the desolation of barbarity, or baffled the corrosive power of all consuming time. Its natural curiosities shall likewise be described wherever they occur. Respecting the Fisheries of Ireland, it is only necessary, briefly to observe, that its fresh waters abound with Pike, Trout, Eels, Salmon, &c. and the surrounding seas are as prolific and abundant in a great variety of the finest and most rOR IRELAND. 5 4iutritious species of the finny tribe, as the surface of the island is remarkable for the beauty of its verdure, and the richness of its pastures. This island is divided into four great Provinces, and thirty two Counties ; the Counties also are subdivided into Baronies and Parishes. Leinster Eastward, contains twelve Counties, namely, Dublin, Wicklow, Wexford, Carlow, Kilkenny, Queen's County, Kil- dare. King's County, Westmeath, Longford, Louth, and East- meath. Munster South, contains six Counties — Waterford, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, Clare. Connaught West, has five Counties — Galway, Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim, and Roscommon. Ulster North, contains nine counties — Down, Antrim, Derry, Donegal, Tyrone, Fermanah, Cavan, Monaghan, and Armagh. DUBLIN. Dublin, — The general outline of Ireland's situation being thus concisely sketched ; the most interesting object next re- quiring particular attention is Dublin, the metrepolis of this portion of the United Kingdom, and an archiepiscopal see; this city is situated at the bottom of a large Bay, into which the Liffy, which divides it into nearly two equal portions, disembogues itself. The annals of history perhaps cannot produce an instance of increase so prodigious as that which this superb city has exhibited, within these last fifty years, in regard to the beauty, form, spaciousness, and regularity of its lately erected streets ; the tasteful uniformity of the buildings; the grandeur and magnificence of its public edifices; the neatness and strength of its lately erected Quay Walls, embanking the river Liffy, from the Royal Barracks at the western extremity, down to Rings- end, where it terminates ; and the elegant structure of its Bridges, uniting the northern and southern portions of the city at convenient intervals. There are two Bridges built of coarse rough work still remaining, and they form a very strik- ing contrast, to Carlilse, Essex and Sarah Bridges; the abutments of another bridge are now built, nearly oj^posite to the Four Courts, which, it is presumed, will correspond in beauty and symmetry with the other modern bridges over the Liffy. Without referring to the legends of antiquity, or quoting the fictions of a fantastical etymology for the original name q 4 HEW TKAVFXLER^S GUIDE tills city, it is only necessary to remark, that in the dialect of the natives, it was originally, and still continues in the Irish Janguage, to be denominated Balla na Cleib, and that tlie vicissi- tudes of its subsequent appellations resulted from the various revoUitions it experienced from the reverses and disasters of its different conquerors. The testimony of Ptolemy, who flourished in the hundred and fortieth year of the Christian jEra, confirms its existence as a city at that early period, although no corresponding map survives the ravages of time to delineate its then contracted limits. The mutilated fragments of monastic records testify that the inhabitants of Dublin, after their conversion to Christianity, were conspicuous in multiplying and instituting different orders and denominations of religious recluses, for whose perpetual establishment very ample and liberal donations w^ere provided ; but as no traces now exist of these venerable monuments of the pious su})erstition of our ancestors, it is superfluous to particularise the different scites ihey formerly occupied. Since it can afford neither amusement nor instruction to describe Dublin as it existed in the fif- teenth century, we shall rather investigate the expansion, inagificence, and splendour of its present state. This city, exclusively of the advantages it possesses as a seaport for the importation of all foreign merchandise, derives a pecular re- source of internal supply from the extention of two Canals, which nearly environ it, both on the north and south sides ; and when completed to their projected destinations, will esta- blish a cheap water conveyance to every part of the kingdom, by communicating with all the navigable lakes and rivers, with which this island abounds. It is necessary to observe, that the Bay of Dublin, though spacious, is neither safe nor commodious for tlie entrance or departure of shipping, particularly in the winter season ; this physical defect is in a great measure obviated by the erection of a very strong wall, extending 8564 yards into the Bay. at the extremity of which a Light-House is built for the direction of mariners approaching the harbour in dark hazy nights. The civil government of the city is vested in a Juord Mayor, twenty-four Aldermen, and ninety-six Common Council Men, from v/hich body, two Sheriffs are annually elected ; the common council men are triennially elected from the different corporations, which consist of twenty-five guilds composed of merchants, tradesmen, artists craftsmen or me* chanics, who take precedence either according to their relative respectability, or the priority of their charters. The most correct idea of this city, as to its scale in the fifteenth century, when inclosed with walls and fortifications. FOR IRELAND, 5 ©ceiipying no greater space than one Irish mile on the soutli siae of the Liffy, must be formed by a comparison of its then contracted state with its present extent, population, and magnificence. It now comprises nineteen Parishes, and two Cathedrals, wath their respective liberties attached to each particular Cathedral, whicli will be described according to jtheir relative positions ; — 1st. St. WERBURGH'S PARISH. St. Werburgh's Parish^ — Demands precedence from its central situation, and containing the royal seat of government, denominated the Castle, probably because originally constructed for the purpose of protection and defence, and which was secured with Fosses, Ramparts, Walls, Towers, Draw-bridges, and oiher antiquated bulwarks, deemed requisite for the preservation of so important a citadel, in the various tumults, rebellions and insur- rections, which repeatedly convulsed the tranquillity of the capital: it is now totally dismantled of such useless incumbrances, inadeqate to repel the systematic assaults of modern tactics; Bermingham Tower, which has been lately repaired, is the only existing remnant of the original clumsy defences which protected this fortress, and it is now converted into a reposi- tory for preserving the ancient records of the kingdom. The exterior appearance of the Castle, does not correspond with the beauty, extent, and elegance of its superb apartments; it is divided into two large courts called the upper and lower yards ; the grand entrance to the upper or principal square, is from the lower end of Castle-street. This square is occupied by tlie Lord Lieutenant, his secretaries, and other officers attached to his household, and required for the dispatch of public busi- ness ; the lower Castle-yard contains the Treasury, Board of Ordinance, Quarter-master General, War Secretary's, and other offices, requisite for the conducting of great national concerns ; here also are an arsenal, an armory for eighty-thousand men, besides other military buildings. The Castle-chapel, amost perfect piece of Gothic architecture, lately erected in this yard, can not fail to strike every spectator with mingled sensations of reverence and veneration. The Castle, with its garden and dependencies, occu- pies nine acres and four perches. Royal Exchange, — The Royal Exchange is situated in the centre of the city opposite to Parliament Street and Essex Bridge, of which it commands a pleasing view. The form of this superb edifice is nearly square, having three fronts of Portland stone in the Corinthian qrder, crowned by a dome in the centre of s NEW traveller's GUIDE the building. A range of six columns, with their corresponij^nt pilasters and entablatures, sustaining a noble pediment highly decorated, adorn the north front of this delightful structure. Its interior decorations emulate its exterior magnificent appear- ance; its Coffc^e-Room extends almost the whole length of the north front ; at the extremity of Castle Street, opposite the Exchange, are two Banking-houses, very neat stone fronted builduigs. St. Werhirgh's CJmrch.—ThQ Parocliial Church of St. Wer- burghs, before it was deprived of its beautiful lofty spire, con- stituted one of the principal ornaments of this city, displaying elegance, grandeur and magnificence. Gross Population of St. Werburgh's Parish. — 3,629 Inhabitants. Super/ices. — 10 Acres, 3 Roods, 35 Perches. St. ANDREW'S PARISH. St. Andrew's Parish — Comprises many public buildings, among which the Theatre Royal, Crow Street, may be included, though its external gloomy appearance exhibits no architectural decorations to attract particular attention. But rfiis deficiency of elegance is fully compensated by a rich profusion of intei'nal embellishments and allegorical devices, and it is deemed admi- rably well calculated for the mutual convenience of the actors, and the audience. Commercial Buildings. — This spacious edifice is situated ou the north side of Dame Street, and constitutes a proud memorial of commercial taste, elegance, and liberality, affording comforta- ble accommodations, to such travellers as may choose to prefer this delightful mansion to other hotels, durmg their temporary residence in the city. The Coffee-room is very extensive, and the several brokers' offices erected in an inclosed square are fitted up in the best manner for their different and respective purposes. DalysCluh^House. — On the north side of College- Green, stands Daly's Club -House, a very neat building, constructed of hewn mountain stone. — It is appropriated for the accom- modation and entertainment of noblemen and gentlemen, composing this fashionable and expensive Club. Round Church. — On the south side, stands the Parochial Church, at the end of a very narrow lane ; it is designated with the appellation of the Round Church from the singularity of its circular form ; its walls are covered with a plaster, imitating hewn stone ; over its great door is erected a figure represent-^ FOR IRELAND* 7 ing the martyrdom of St. Andrew, remarkable for its being th^only external decoration exhibited in front of any Protest- ant church since the reformation. — A very strong abutment of a steeple is built, which if finished, would contribute to remove the reproach, that our city churches are less adorned by steeples than any others in Christendom. — Its variegated ceiling, seems too glittering for the solemnity of divine worship. Baiik of Ireland, — This exquisitely superb pile, formerly the Parliament House, is situated on the north side of College Green, contiguous to the College ; it is built of Portland stone ; its east front opens into Westmoreland-Street, the west front into Foster- Place; its grand portico in College-Green, extends 147 feet, and is of the Tonic order, which may be imitated, but cannot be exceeded for architectural beauties; the Guard House, now finished in Foster Place, is built in a correspond- ing stile of magnificence. — The sciteof this stupenduous edifice covers an acre and half of ground, and its fiat roof is sufficiently spacious to receive a regiment of soldiers. Its external structure required to undergo no alterations^ when converted to its present destination. King William''s Statue. — In the centre of College-Green, an equestrian ^Btatue of our glorious and immortal deliverer, King "William the Third, is erected. Post Office. — This edifice, more important as a national establishment, than conspicuous for architectural b.eauty, is situated in College- Green, opposite to the grand front of the Bank of Ireland ; but as another scite is fixed for the erection of . a new Post Office, on the west side of Sr^^'-kville-Street^ and the first stone having been laid by the Lord Lieulenant, on the 12th of August, 1814, it may be confidently presumed, that the polished taste of the present post-masters general will hav^ it constructed on an extensive scale of elegance, corresponding to its dignity and utility. Trinity College. — Opposite to College-Green, viands Trinity College ; the structure of this University exhibits the appear- ance of a modern royal mansion, and it is a very spfendid edifice ; The form of the building is a paralellogram ; extending in front SOO feet, and in depth about 600 ; divided into two nearly equal j^quares ; to which one side of a third square is lately added, and is gradually extending; the grand front is built of Portland stone, most tastefully ornamented with Corin- thian pillars and other decorations; in the centre of the front \^ the vestibule terminated with groined arches, over which is the Museum; on the nurth side of the fror.t square stands the s NEW TKAVELLER's GUIDK Chapel, beautifully decorated with four Corinthian pillar^^ supporting a pediment ; on the south side of this square, is erected the Theatre, opposite the Chapel, with the front of M^hich it exactly corresponds ; on the same side of the square with the Chapel, stands the Refectory or Dining Hall, con- taining a room sufficiently spacious to entertain three hundred persons ; over which is the Historical Society-room. The front of this hall is adorned with four Ionic pilasters; in the vacant space between the front and lower square, is the scite where the new steeple is intended to be erected ; the interior square is partly composed of plain brick buildings ; containing apartments for the students; the south side of this square is occupied by a superb library, supported by a piaza, admirably adapted for the recreation of students in wet weather; the inside is spacious, commodious and mlignifi- cent; the shelves are richly stored with the productions of the best ancient and modern authors: the galleries are em- bellished with busts of the most celebrated personages, whose labours have so essentially contributed to civilize and enlighten mankind. Printing Office. — The Printing Office is a neat modern structure; the front of which is adorned with #)ur Corinthian pillars supporting a pediment. Anatomy House — The Anatomy House, situated in the south side of the Park, contains a very curious collection of waxen figures representing women in every stage of pregnancy; and other natural curiosities. The Park. — The Park, and Bowling-Green, adjoining the inner square, for the amusement, recreation, and relaxation of the students, are both beautiful and spacious. Provosfs House. — The Provost's House, erected on the east side of Grafton -Street, conti^ruous to the College, is built of free-stcne, richly embellished in the first story by isicie and rusticated work, and in the second, by a range of pilasters in the Doric order, with their entablatures and pedestals between each ; under the windows are balustrades, and in the centre, a Venetian window of the Tuscan order; the apartments are judiciously disposed and elegantly decorated : the offices, which are detached from the house, and appear like wings, are neat and commodious. — The garden attached to this superb mansion, is exclusively appropriated to the relaxa- tion of the provost and fellows. Account of this Estalltshmcpt, — The statutes originally granted to this university experienced subsequent modifications^ adapted FOR itlELAI^D. 9 to existing circumstances, and to supply pfevious defects; the members composing this intellectual corporation, consist of Provost, Fellows and Scholars, all supported on the founda- tion. The Fellows are subdivided into senior and junior divisi- ons, the senior denomination consisting of seven members ; the Junior fellows now consist of eighteen members, and the scholars comprise seventy members. The Senior Fellows^ — (Seven,) constitute a board at which the Provost presides at every deliberation held respecting collegiate regulations and internal discipline ; or in his absence, the vice Provost, who is the senior member of this venerable tribunal : to this reverend body is exclusively entrusted the examinations for fellowshisps and scholarships, and the selection of the can- didates is decided by a majority of voices ; and thus every stu- dent ambitious to acquire literary distinction is certain of obtaining a most impartial and deliberate scrutiny of his relative merit and actual proficiency, and is either amply re- warded for his industry, or rejected in consequence of manifest inferiority ; hence it rarely happens, that any appeals are made to the visitors from the decision of this scrupulous and con- sciencious body. Junior Fellows. — Junior Fellows, who are eligible from Gra- duates who have studied in this college, superintend and direct the studies of the different denominations of students, and con- stitute legitimate guardians and protectors during their pupil- ship, subject, however, to the inspection and animadversioa of the board, under whose control all the subordinate depart- ments are governed, and conducted. The stipend paid by the students constitutes the best source of the Junior Fellow s emolument, which fluctuates according to the number of his pupils. Scholars — The Scholars constitute the third or last order of this enlightened corporation, for which honourable distinction any senior or junior sophister may become a candidate, whose prospect of success depends on an accurate knowledge of every geographical, historical and chronological event recorded in a very extensive range of Greek and Latin classics selected for this important scrutiny. The students are distinguished by the different appellations of Fellow Commoners, Pensioners, and Sizars. The Commoners are the sons of noblemen, baronets, or private wealthy individuals, and wear badges indicative of their rank and nobility: this description of students enjoys the exclusive privilege of dining at the Fellows' t^ble, for which indulgence they pay accordingly. The pensioner:? aud scholars 10 NEW traveller's guide sit at different tables, according to their respective standing-^ and are served with a single plain joint of beef or mutton, amply sufficient for the number which composes each particular mess. The Sizars, only thirty in number, are supported by the foundation. It is much to be regretted, that the College funds, will not admit any augmentation of so meritorious a class of indigent students, more particularly when the liberality of Parliament has so amply provided for the maintenance and education of a very different description of students in a lately erected and endowed college. Matters are very diflterently conducted in England and Scotland, where many encourage- ments and inducements are held forth to destitute lads of merit to prepare themselves for the ministry ; but here, alas, there is no hope for a young man emerging from the cells of an university (if destitute of political connexions) who may enter into holy orders, except what the casual advertisement of a vacant curacy may afford ; this alarming evil requires a corresponding correc- tive from those exalted characters more immediately intrusted with the governmentof our ecclesiastical establishment. There are five royal professorships, namely, Divinity, Common Law, Civil Law, Physic and Greek ; Sir Patrick Dunn has also founded three professorships, viz. Theory and Practice of Physic, and Materia Medica. The University professorships are Anatomy and Surgery, Chemistry and Botany; there are professorships of Astronomy, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Oriental Langua- ges, Oratory, and History ; its visitors are a Chancellor and vice Chancelor, it returns one member to the Lnperial Parliament elected by Fellows and Scholars for the time being. The number of students of every denomination is at present about 1,300 Royal > Irish Academy. — This builing is situated on the west side of Grafton Street, nearly opposite the Provost's house, more distinguished for the cultivated talent of its members than any striking singularity in the externa] elegance of the edifice; its apartments arehowever, sufficiently commodious for the intended purpose. Gross Population of St. Andrexv's Parish. — 7,682 Individuals. Superjices. — 42 Acres, 2 Roods, 30 Perches. St. MARK'S PARISIL St.* Mark's Parish. — Which comprises all the quays from Westmoreland Street, to the Floating Docks of the Grand Canal, contains some public edifices of national consequence and utilitj^ FOR IRELAND. 11 Dublin Society House. — The Dublin Society House, in Hawkins Street, stands supereminently conspicuous, and is admirably adapted to the purposes for which it was erected, containing a ilieatre for the public delivery of experimental, botanical, and chemical lectures ; a Laboratory, a Library, Schools for the fine arts, a s})acious Gallery for busts, a Museum for specimens of natural curiosities, and other spacious apartments for constructing and exhibiting the best models of agricultural implements. The liberal encouragement offered by this Society for every useful improveriient, invention, and discovery in mechanism and husbandry, must eventually produce' corresponding benefits to Ireland. Lock Hospital. — This Hospital is situated inTownsend Street, for the indiscriminate reception of indigent persons afflicted with that most disgusting, and distructive malady, the Venereal Disease, this recepticle of misery always abounds with an assemblage of leperous and contaminated objects of both sexes. This edifice is a modern structure of hewn mountain stone, w^ith two projecting wings similarly constructed, and is capable of containing three hundred victims of human depravity. Marine School. — The Hibernian Mnrine School situated in Sir John Rogerson's Quay, is an extensive regular building, fronted with hewn stone, consisting of a centre and two wings, the eastern wing is a very neat chapel, and the western is the School-room ; this institution is exclusively reserved for cloathing, educating, and maintaining the children and orph. ns of seamen eitheir dying, or decayed in his Majesty's navy ; when they are properly qualified in this excellent seminary, in which they learn theoretical navigation, they are then ap- prenticed in the navy, or in merchantmen, according as oppor- tunities offer, many of whom, from the advantages of an early nautical education, become captains of private traders, and acquire riches, but some improvements might still be added, to render this valuable institution still more perfect, such as a diminitive sloop or frigate about twenty or twenty -five feet long, placed in a floating dock constructed for that purpose, where the boys, might be gradually instructed to handle, and distin- guish the use of every rope, tackle, sail, and i)ully, requisite to navigate either a ship of war or of burden; thus theory and practice might be incorporated by a simple and practicable arrangement; and if schools, similarly constituted were ejected in the principal sea-port towns of every maritime county oi the united kingdom, that degrading stigma, and. solitary exists 12 NEW traveller's GUIDE ing exception to the unfettered enjoyment of uncontrolled li- berty, the impressment of sailors, would in the course of a few years, be utterly extinguished, and the abundant supply of such scientific mariners as these nautical repositories could furnish, would serve to perpetuate our maritime splendor and national glory. Parish Church. — The Parochial Church, situated in Mark Street, is spacious and commodious, but totally destitute of architectural embellishments, and it is disfigured with the remains of a nmtilated steeple: this parish from its local situation, and extensive surface must in the process of time become very populous. Gross Population of St. Mark's ParisJi. — 8,692 Inhabitants. Super/ices. — 59 Acres, 0 Roods, 31 Perches. St. ANN'S PARISH. Sr. Ann's Parish — Derives considerable importance from the rank and splendor of its principal inhabitants ; it com- prises some elegant and fashionable streets, which the opulent alone can inhabit. The north side of St. Stephen's Green constitutes a portion of this parish, most of whose edifices are elegant, and chiefly inhabited by the great law officers, prelates, and private opulent individuals ; the trading streets are occu- pied by industrious shop-keepers, and the retired private ones by people in moclerate circumstances. At the corner of Kildare- street in St. Stephens Green, is situated Shelburne House^ — An old venerable fabric, now converted into a temporary barrack. In Dawson-street, is situated the Mansion House^ — Remarkable only for being the chief magis- trate's residence; its apartments, however, are sufficiently spacious to accomodate the illustrious guests that periodically partake of its stated hospitalities. In the garden opposite the street, stands an equestrian statue of King George the First. Parish Church. — The Parochial Church is situated on the Bame side of this street with the Mansion House ; the interior decorations of this edifice display simple elegance : its front consists of a range of Doric pilasters, with their regular en- tablatures, but for the want of a proper termination, it has an unfinished appearance. Royal Mail-Coach Hotels — Distinguished by a plastering, in imitation of hewn granite, is situated in this street, fronting Molesworth-strcet ; and the accommodations it affords to the wearied stranger, arriving late at ni^ht in a city where perhaps he has neither acquamtance nor connexions, must prove a most gratifying consideration. FOR IRELAND. 13 Leinsier House. — Opposite the termination of Moleswortb- street stands that princely mansion, Leinster House, the town residence of his Grace the Duke of Leinster; the entrance to this massy structure is through a grand gate-way of rustic stone work towards the street, but w^ithin, an elegant triumphal arch of the Ionic order, is exhibited, leading into a spacious court-yard, and fornking the segment of a circle before the principal front, which extends an hundred and forty feet, and is composed of a rustic basement, supported in the centre by three quarter Corinthian columns, raised on pedestals. The windows of the principal story are ornamented with entabla- tures and pediments, those of the attic story with architraves only ; connected with this front, on each side, are two corres- ponding colonades of the Doric order, leading to the offices ; the garden front, plain, yet bold, possesses a pleasing simplicity ; the interior embellishments emulate the exterior architectural decorations of this superb pile : this edifice with its appendages, covers a surface of seven Acres, three Roods, and thirty six Perches. The Stamp'-Office. — Formerly Powerscourt House, is situated on the East side of William-street; the West front is remark- able for the beauty of the design, and excellence of workman- ship ; the assent, to the house is by a double flight of stairs, of a singular, yet convenient form; the first story is enriched by rustic arched windows, and an entablature of the Doric order, continued throughout the front : in the centre of the second story is a Venetian window of the Ionic order ; and the windows at each side are ornamented with pedestals, architrave, frize, cornice, and pediment. The windows in the attic story are decorated with architraves ; in the centre a quadrangular building is elevated above the rest of the front, that serves for an observatory, and commands a fine prospect of the Bay and adjacent country. The necessary offices attached to this esta- blishment form an inclosed square, which is entered by a de-* tached covered gate- way. Gross Population of St. Arm's Parish. — 7,228 Individuals, Superjices. — 63 Acres, 0 Roods, 27 Perches. St. PETER'S PARISH. St Peter's Parish, — Which is the most considerable in the city for extent, opulence, and the distinction of its inhabitants, its spacious modern erected streets, and superb squares, being exclusively adapted for the residence of inhabitants of rank, wealth and affluence ; at the verge of this Parish, near the Canal Bridge leading to the Artichoke Road, the Clinical Hospital is 14 NEW traveller's guide erected, a very beautiful modern structure, where Medical Stu-» dents are practically instructed in the various diseases incident to the human frame, by exhibiting and explaining the different cases which occur in the practice of this Hospital, founded for this very particular purpose : a Medicinal Botanic Garden, si- tuated near Ball's Bridge, is connected with this most useful establishment. Merrion Square^ — Though not so extensive as St. Stephen's Green, is tastefully arranged, and particularlj^ attractive; for the beauty, symmetry, and uniformity of its buildings being all of the same elevation, and differing in no other particular but that a few houses have the first story fronted with hewn moun- tain stone ; wliether this trifling deviation from the general uni- formity, constitutes a beauty or defect, nmst be decided by in- dividual opinion and taste: its ^rea is inclosed with iron pali- sades, and tastefully ornamented with shrubberies and spacious gravel walks, much frequented by the neighbouring fashion- ables: this square contains 12| acres within the railing. Barrack-office. — Contiguous to this square stands the Bar- rack Board Office, a plain brick building, fitly arranged for this purpose. In Lower Baggot-street, beyond Macartney's Bridge, there is a very spacious modern erected building, appropriated by the Incorporated Society for the reception of such females as have been reared and instructed in the different charter schools, where they are comfortably lodged and maintained, until ap- prenticed to respectable protestant families. Fitsmlliam'Square, — Between Baggot- Street and Leeson Street, Fitswilliam-Square is situated : the buildings in this neat little square are rapidly increasing ; the area is inclosed with a low wall of cut stone, palisaded, and tastefully ornamented wilh shrubberies, ever-greens, &c. Magdalen Asylum, — In Leeson- Street is situated the Mag- dalen Asylum, for the reception of penitent and reformed pros- titutes, who prefer a life of secluded employment to vice and infamy : a very neat chapel is annexed to this establishment, which is crov/ded every Sunday by a very fashionable congre- gation, whose liberal donations materially contribute to support the Institution. St. Stephen's Green — Is considered one of tlie largest squares in Europe, being nearly an English mile round, and contains upwards of seventeen acres within the ditch ; in the centre is erected a brazen equestrian statue of George the Second ; the gravel walk surrounding this spacious square is adorned with full grown trees, many of which are gradually decaying, and FOR IRELAND. 1^ there appears no disposition to supply the deficiency : the several houses forming this square are very much diversified in the stile of their architecture, which variety, according to the opi- nion of different judges, may be deemed a beauty rather than a blemish : this square is to be ornamented and palisaded in a similar stile of modern neatness, with the other squares of this city, for the accomplishment of which design, an act passed the legislature in the last session of parliament. The lloyal College of Surgeons^ — Situated on the west side of Stephen's Green, at the corner of York-street, has a beautiful front opposite the Green, which is deemed an exquisite monu- ment of architectural elegance : on the opposite side of York- street is erected a dissenting Meeting House, a plain spacious stone structure. The Parochial Church — Situated in Aungier-street, is more remarkable for its internal conveniencies than for its external appearance, being totally destitute of any architectural deco- rations. The Incorporated Society House — Is also situated in Aungier- street : here all the children admitted into the different charter schools are inspected for admission. St. Kevi7i's Church. — United to St. Peter's, is a neat little structure, much resembling a village church, it is situated at the end of a lane branching from Kevin-street. Portobello Hotel, — The Grand Canal Hotel is a beautiful plain stone structure, lately erected at Portobello, by the Grand Canal Company, for the accommodation of passengers travel- ling by the boats to and from Dublin ; near this Hotel a new Bason has been lately excavated, to afford an additional supply of water to the immence population on the south side of the river Liffy, and forms a beautiful sheet of water covering four acres, and. inclosed with a stone wall. On the south side of the Grand Canal a very spacious Cavalry Barrack has been lately erected, consisting of a very large range of build- ings, which, with the necessary offices, stables, &c. occupy a space of 18 acres. That enchanting outlet Kathmines, is also situated in this Parish. Mercers Hospital^ — Situated on the south side of Ste- phen-Street, for the reception of patients afflicted with various distempers, or injured by unforeseen accidents, is a plain structure, with a front of hewn stone ; here also poor room- keepers are gratuitously supplied with medicine, and receive jnedical advice. Gross Pop7ilQtion of St. Peter's Parish.— 16,063 Inhabitants. Supeijices, -^l^il Acres, 0 Roods, 21 Perches. NEW traveller's GUIDE St. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL. St. Patrick's Cathedral, — A venerable ancient Gothic pile, stands on the east side of Patrick- Street, and is deco- rated with the highest steeple in the city ou which a lofty spire is erected : the banners of the knights of St. Patrick,, with their swords and helmets, adorn their respective stalk in the choir. There are some very curious monuments, both in the choir and aisle, which merit inspection, and baffle description. The different avenues leading to this temple of piety are narrow, filthy, and offensive, and may be aptly assi- milated to the pilgrim's progress to felicity through the legen- darv torture of a purgatoreal ordeal ; its external appearance is totally obscured by a heavy dead wall, or by miserable huts disgusting to sensibility : the only visible portion is the grand entrance, the door of which seldom opens, of which it may truly be said "crepuerunt cardine fores." What a different aspect would an iron railing exhibit, inclosing this magnifi- cent structure, and tastefully planted, in such a manner as that by which Monkstown Church is adorned ! want of space cannot be pleaded in justification of the omission ; and the liberality of the wide streets commissioners would amply remunerate any possible damage claimed and established by the motley intruders, on these sacred premises, and thus ob- viate and remove the pretence of inability to make such decently necessary alterations and improvements. Truly the dignity of our ecclesiastical establishment loudly demands such an exertion to remove and extinguish these nuisances. This venerable fabric has been lately new roofed, and its interior has undergone a thorough repairing. It is to be presumed that the ordinary revenues would not admit the expence of such addi- tional costly embellishments as the polished taste of the present enlightened Dean might suggest, if possessed of means to gratify his inclination : —St. Patrick's well, in the south side of the Cathedral is still frequently resorted to by the super- stitious multitude for its imaginary virtues, though its water seems totally destitute of metallic impregnation to justify any inherent healing quality. March's Library. — Contiguous to the Cathedral stands March's Library, plentifully siored with a select collection of scarce, choice, and valuable books, it is open every day, from eleven until three; (Sundays and holidays excepted,) all gentle- men and graduates have free access to enrich their ipindji with the contents of its intellectual treasures. FOR IRELAND, 17 Episcopal Palace^ — Notv converted into a permanent barrack, is situated in Kevin-Street. The Deanry House ^ — Also erected in Kevin-Street, is a neat plain brick building, having a spacious inclosed court yard in the front. Gross Population of St. Pat rick's Par islu — 2,081 Individuals, Superjices. — 9 Acres, 3 Roods, 36 Perches. St. BRIDE'S PARISH. St. Bride's Parish, — Situated in a very central part of the city, is principally inhabited by merchants, traders, shop- keepers and mechanics ; there are some very genteel private streets in this parish, inhabited by wealthy individuals. The Royal Hibernian Theatre in Peter-street, is the only public building in this Parish, except its Church. The Parochial Churchy — Is situated in Bride-Street ; a plain commodious unadorned stone edifice. Gross Population of St, Bride's Parish. — 8,009, Individuals. Superfices, — 36 Acres. 3 Roods, 35 Perches. St. NICHOLAS WITHIN. St. Nicholas Within, — Is the smallest Parish in Dublin; but from its very central, and advantageous situation for trade, is inhabited by industrious and wealthy shop-keepers, and ©ther respectable individuals concerned in different traffics. Tailor's Hall^ — A very spacious Room, for the accommodation ©f that numerous and respectable corporation, is situated in that part of Back-lane belonging to this Parish. The Parochial Churchy — Situated in Nicholas- street, is adorned with a neat front of hewn blue lime-stone, and a tolerably lofty square steeple ; the City Tholsel formerly stood contiguous tQ this church. Gross Population of St. Nicholas JVithin. — 1,121 Individuals. Supafices. — 5 Acres, 3 Roods, 27 Perches. CHRIST CHURCH. Christ Church — Stands on the summit of the rising ground at the head of Wine-Tavern Street. It is a venerable Gothic pile, and its present appearance evinces its antiquit}^ Antecedently to the Reformation, it was a priory. The bishop of Kildare, for the time being, is also dean of Christ Church. All the av«- 15 NEW traveller's GUIDE jiues leading to this Cathedral, are narrow and inconvenient, and its external form is totally obscured by the ruinous and de- cayed walls of the old Four Courts, which formerly stood in Christ Church Lane ; but as very considerable improvements are now making in this quarter of the city, by the Wide Street Corporation, these nuisances will be speedily removed, and Christ Church will then assume a more dignified exterior aspect. *S7. Mari/s Chapel, — This Cathedral possesses no architectural beauty, or internal decoration as a public structure ; and its existence might be well dispensed with, now that the Parochial Church of 8t. Michaels is rebuilt, and its removal would mate- rially contribute to adorn this ancient edifice. There are some curious monuments in this Catliedral, which will deserve par- ticular inspection. The liberties of this Cathedral only cover 1 acre, 1 rood, and 2 perches, and its population amounts to 232 individuals. St. JOHN'5 parish. St. John's Parish — Is occupied by a very wealthy and res- pectable class of inhabitants, who live by commerce, traffic, and other useful occupations ; its back streets and bye lanes are in- habited by that description of mechanics and labouring peo- ple generally occupying similar situations. There has been lately erected a most beautiful Catholic Chapel in Smock Alley, on the side where the play-house formerly stood. As a public structure, it materially contributes to ornament that portion of the city ; it is built of hewn mountain stone, tastefully embellish- ed, and judiciously decorated. 2'he Parochial Churchy — Situated in Fishamble Street, has a very beautiful front of hewn stone, decorated with Doric co- lumns supporting a pediment. Gross Population of St. John's Parish. — 1,142 Individuals. Super/cces, — 1 1 Acres, 2 Roods, 32 Perches. St. MICHAEL'S PARISH. Sr. MiCfiAEL's Parjsh — Is also very small, and its only pub- lic edifice is its Parochial Church, lately rebuilt; a very neat fetructure, with Gothic windows. Itsstefjple is very ancient, lof- ty, massy, and of a square form. Hiirh-street, the principal por- tion of tills little parish, being commodiously situated for busi- ness, is chiefly inhabited by wealthy industrious and respectable i-!iop kceperfc\ FOR IIIEIAND. 19 Gross Population of SL MichacVs Parish, — 2,599 Individuals* Supetjices. — 5 Acres, 3 Roods, 27 Perches. St. AUDEON'S PARISH. St. Audeon's Parish — Comprises that description of inha- bitants, wliich, by indefatigable industry and incessant applica- tion to business, acquire competence, and not unfrequently be- come affluent. Parochial Church — Its only public edifice is its Parochial Church, situated in a narrow lane diverging from Corn-Market. Its external appearance is totally concealed from public view by the surrounding buildings closely heaped upon it. In its internal arrangements, it is spacious, comfortable and commodious, and has a few curious monuments: the steeple is very lofty, and of a, square form, but so situated as to lose much of its effect. Gross Population of St, Andrew's Parish, — 5,191 Individuals. Super/ices, — 24 Acres, 2 Roods, 29\ Perches. St. CATHERINE'S PARISH. St. Catherine's Parish — Abounds with a numerous sw^arin of poor mechanics, who occupy tenements in lanes, and alley.^, and generally exhibit a meagre, sickly, and squalid appearance, caused either by habitual intoxication, by poverty, by their sedentary employments, or by the foul air engendered and in- haled in these crowded and unwholesome habitations ; or per- haps the prevalence of this diseased, palid countenance may be the result of these causes united, and operating on the constitu- tion of the sanje individual. Here also live many w^ealthy ma- nufacturers, whose enterprising spirit affords continual employ- ment to the industrious and sober portion of these poor mecha- nics. Thomas- Street has been long established for supplying country dealers, who are here assorted with those articles re- quired by country customers ; and therefore, the mercantile tran- sactions conducted here, must be very considerable, and form a presumptive proof of the wealth of its inhabitants. Four Court Marshals, — In Marshal-lane, near Thomas- Street, is situated, that impregnable fortress, vulgarly called the Four Court Marshals ; a garrison which can never be sur- prised through a defficiency of inmates; — a garrison which possesses the magical enchantment, hke Medusa's head, of petri- fying tiie stoutest champion, entangled in the meshes of t NEW traveller's GUIDII legal net, artfally set by a crafty attorney ; — a garrison whence no victim of dissipation, or credulous dupe of violated con- fidence, if once immured, is suffered to depart, until he pay the utmost farthing, unless released from this penitential and purgatoreal ordeal, by the plenary indulgence of a legislative absolution. ParochidL CJmrch.—The Parochial Church, situated on the south side of Thomas-street, is fronted with white mountain stone in the Doric order; four semicolumns support a noble pediment in the centre; on the entablature, at each side of the pediment, is a handsome stone balustrade. — but the w^ant of a steeple gives the whole an unfinished appearance. Market House. — In this street also stands the Market House ; a massy fabric, raised on piazas, but most injudiciouly situated, as it very materially obstructs the free intercourse of this great thorough-fare. Fever Hospital, — This laudable Institution, situated in Cork-st €et, is experimentally proved to be the most effica- cious means of checking the progress of this contagious dis- temper, by the facility it affi)rds of immediately removing the infected object from that foetid atmosphere, which probably engendered the malady ; and then the apartment where the patient contracted the disorder, after his speedy conveyance to the Hospital, is cleaned, fumigated, and white washed ; and thus every precaution that human foresight can devise is taken to arrest the future ravages of the disease. It is a plain capa- cious stone structure, erected in a detached airy situation, and no institution can possibly be more regularly conducted. Weaver s Hall. — On the Coombe, stands Weaver's Hall, a very considerable ornament to that quarter of the city. Gross Popidation of St. Catherine's Parish. — 20,176, Individ duals. Superfices. — 47 Acres, 0 Roods, 25 Perches. St. NICHOLAS WITHOUT. St. Nicholas Without. — In this Parish on the south side of the Circular Road, and on the west of New-street, in a most airy detached situation, is now erecting, on a most extensive scale, a Pem'tentiary for that description of felons hitherto transported to BotnnyBay; strength and durability must be the prominent features of such an edifice, and from the specimen the portion aheady built exhibits, it promises not to be destitute of architectural elegance. rOR IRELAND. 21 The Parochial Churchy — Is in ruins. Its population is chiefly composed of vlctuallersj^clothiers, manufacturers, mechanics and other labouring Classes. Gross Population of St. Nicholas Without. — 12,306, Indivi- duals. Sujperjices. — 4<7 Acres, 0 Roods, 25 Perches. St. LUKE'S PARISH. St. Luke's Parish. — The only public edifice in this parish, except the church, is Meath Hospital^ — Situated on the south side of the Coombe for the relief of patients meeting with sudden accidents, and afflicted with such distempers, as a poor crowded popula- tion is exposed to; it has been lately much enriched by the splendid liberality of a charitable individual. Counsellor Thomas Pleasants, who presented .^6,000 for the erection of an Opera- tion-room, and for procuring necessary comforts for such patients as undergo the operation of amputation. Parochial Church. — The Parochial Church is a plain spa- cious stone structure situated at the end of a neat avenue, lead- ing from the south side of the Coombe. Gross Population of St. Luke's Parish. — 7,241 Individuals. Superfices. — 31 Acres, 0 Roods, 21 Perches. St. JAMES'S PARISH. St. James's Parish, — Abounds with public institutions of the most essential national importance ; the Grand Canal com- mences here, whose Harbour, Stores, &c. cover a surface of twenty three acres, two roods and four perches; hence a tolerably accurate estimate may be formed of the extensive traffic carried on by means of this inland navigation. City Bason. — Contiguous to the Grand Canal is situated the City Bason, a most enchanting sheet of water, inclosed with a wall ; the gravel walk round this beautiful Reservoir is tastehilly inclosed on either side with a thick cut hedge and trees equidistantly planted ; it commands an extensive pros- pect of that lofty chain of hills called the Dublin-mountains. Beyond the Bason, in a very airy open and healthy situation, stands The Foundling Hospital^ — Mercifully erected for the reception af such infants as might otherwise fall victims to the inhuman 22 NEW traveller's GUIDE barbarity of their unnatural mothers. Thus, this pious monu-^ ment of Christian charity rescues many a victim from in- evitable destruction, as the innocent little outcasts may be deposited here at all hours, and nurses always maintained in the house, are in constant readiness to suckle them, until properly recommen.led country nurses can be procureii, with whom they remain until they arrive at the age of six years. They must annually exhibit them at the Hospital to be in- spected, for the purpose of ascertaining how they are thriving, and whether they are well or ill treated ; at the age of six, they return to the Hospital to be instructed in reading, wri- ting, and the fundamental principles of the Christian religion; and at a proper age are ap[)renticed to protestant masters ancl mistresses. Words cannot adequately eulogize the transcen- dent benefits resulting to morality from the humane instru- mentality of tliis inestimable Institution. — The spacious range of buildings is peculiarly calculated to preserve the children's health. Farther on, adjoining to the great southern mail coach road, an extensive range of Infantry Barracks has been lately erected, in an airy secluded situation, judiciously selected for the purpose. In a quarry sunk to procure stones for this building, a sulphureous Calybeate 8pa, has been discovered, which will prove an invaluable acquisition to valitudinarians, from its contiguity to this populous city. Kilmninham Prison^ -A very spacious modern structure, with different inclosed court yards, for the recreation of its wretched inhabitants, is situated in a very elevated situatiim, on the south side of the great Connaught Mail-coach-road ; at Island Bridge a very commodious Artillery Barrack has been lately erected. Sarah Bridge^ — Exhibits a beautiful specimen of aquatic architecture, forming one grand arch, which sweeps in a beau- tiful, and well proportioned direction from north to south ; the arch forms an ellipsis, whose chord measures 101^ feet, the key stone is 22 feet above high- water mark, and its breadth within the parapets, including tvv^o foot-ways, six feet each side, is thirty-eight feet wide; on the brow of the hill between the Ar- tilleiy Barracks and the Old Man's Hospital, there is a well much venerated by the suf)erstitious multitude for its image- nary miraculous and medicinal virtues. Kilmainham Hospital, — This royal mansion erected for the reception of maimed, disabled, and superannuated soldiers, is moit enchantingly situated on a lofty eminence at the west end FOR IRELAND. 23 of the city, and south of the Liffy; the building, which is quadrangular, incloses a spacious area tastefully intersected with gravel v/alks; the piazas form a covered communication from every apartment of this edifice to the hall and chapel, which occupy one side of this quadrilateral structure, and are highly deserving of particular inspection; the Commander in Chief's residence is tm elegant house, detatched from the Hos- pital. All the subordinate officers attached to this establishment are accommodated with suitable conveniencies adapted to their respective ranks and stations : the principal front is approached by an avenue beautifully shaded with full grown trees : from this Hospital there is a new communication opened to Usher's Island, called the Military Roadj at whose termination is erect- ed an arched covered gate-vvay, and a very beautitul lofty tovrer; there are seventy-one Irish plantation acres annexc^l to the establishment, for the convenience of the several offi- cers, and the recreation of the invalids. S'JoijVs Hospital — Derives its name from its founder, the celebrated Dean of St. Patrick's, v» ho bequeathed a considera- ble property for providing an Asylum for Lunatics and Idiots. It is situated in Bow-lane near James's Street, and seems well calculated for the intended purpose. Stephen's Hospital^ — Situated in Stepliens-lane, near James's Street, is an extensive quadrangular structure, inclosing a square area, and pleasantly situated on the banks of the Liffy : this Hospital maintains, and administers medical relief to ail curable patients, labouring under every denomination of diseases. The Parochial Churchy — Situated on the north side of Jiimes's Street, is a plain neat stone building, adaiirabl}' adapted ibr the solemmity of divine worship ; contiguous to this Church, and on the same side of the street, a neat Barrack is erected, most pleasantly situated, and comnumding a fine prospect of the Phcenix-Park. Gross Population of St. James's Pai^ish." 6,101, Individuals. Superfices. — 59 Acres, 1 llood, 36 Perches. ST. PAUL'S PARISH. St. Pauls Parish^ — Situated on the north side of the LlfiVj com- prises that description of inhabitants who exist by tt affic, *or who select retirement to enjoy the comforts of a moderate competency ; or professional men, who prefer its Iccal advantau'es from its contiguity to the Four Courts, for the dispatch of bus ncss, to 24. NEW traveller's GUIDE more fashionable situations, not affording a similar conveniency. Its public edifices are grand, and aptly calculated for the pur- pose for which they were originally constructed. The Royal Barracks^ — Stand pre-eminently conspicuous ; this superb pile consists of four squares, of which the centre one, denominated the Royal Square, from its superior architectural splendor, is the most distinguished ; these different buildings are sufHcienily spacious to contain four thousand men, and com- mand a most delightful prospect of the distant mountains : at- tached to this Barrack is the Royal Military Infirmary, erected in the Phoenix Park, for the reception of sick and wounded soldiers, which is a beautiful modern edifice. The Biiie Coat Hospital^ — Situated in Oxmantown Green, ex- tends three hundred and sixty feet in front, consisting of a centre and two wings : the grand entrance to this superb structure is enriched by Ionic columns, supporting a pediment, over which is erected a portion of the steeple which is still unfinished ; both the wings are united to the centre by handsome circular walls, ornamented with balustrade and niches ; the internal arrangements correspond with its external magnificence ; it is chiefly appropriated for cloathing, educating, and maintain- ing the sons of the poor, decayed and reduced freemen. The difiereiit corporations of the city propose to establish a female institution, of a similar description, when sufficient funds can be accumulated for so charitable and benevolent a design. At the extremity of Prussia Street, near the Circular-road, a plain stone edifice is built by the munificent subscriptions of opulent individuals, for the reception of destitute children bereft of both parents ; they are admissable from the age of four to ten years ; subscribers of twenty pounds become governors for life: the female branch of this institution contains 120 orphans. The House of Indusiry, — Sitimted on an airy eminence of Brunswick Street, is a very spacious plain stone structure^ establisb.ed for the reception of the poor, who are admitted without any recommendation, and are employed in spinning, weaving, combing, and other various occupations ; the children have apartments distinct from the rest, vviiere they are dieted, cloathed, and educated, and when of a proper age, are ap- prenticed to different trades. There is an Infirmary remote from the habitation of the healthy, where the sick are most comfortably accommodated ; there are also forty-six cells for lunatics. The doors are open at all hours for admission, and various articles are wrought here, and may be more cheaply piucliabed than at any other place. FOR IRELAND. The Parochial CJiurcJi — Is an old rough stone strnctnre, not sufficiently spacious for the reception of a numerous congregation. Gross Population of St. PaiiVs Parish. — 195904? Individua]:^^ Sujperfices. — 83 Acres, 0 Roods, 37 jPerchcs. ST. MICHAN'S PARISH. St. Michan's Parish, — Whose inhabitants areas diversified as the local situations of the several streets comprif^ed within its limits; the grand mngnificent streets are occupied by the opu- lent ; the others, most commodiously situated tor public business, are inhabited by shopkeepers of various denominations and des- criptions; and the retired obscure streets, lanes, and alleys, by industrious labouring mechanics, and other poor struggling people, literally existing by the sweat of their brow. Its piiblic buildings are splendid and useful ; among which is Hardv/ick Penetentiary, erected on the east side of Smithfield, for the reformation of vagrants, convicted for larceny : it is a plain stone structure well adapted for its intended purpose, and its grand entrance is from Smithfield. The Four Courts^ — And their necessary public offices, situa- ted on the Inn's Quay, form too conspicuous a figure not to attract general admiration, and to claim particular attention : this stupenduous pile extends four hundred and thirty-three feet in front ; the offices form the wings, and occupy a space of ninety feet in length, by fiity feet in depth ; the western wing contains the great room, where the rolls o{ Chancery are deposited, also the Hanaper, King's Bench, and Remembrancer's Offices : the eastern v/ing is occupied by the Exchequer, Common Pleas, Registry, and other offices : the Courts of Justice form t!ie centre : the principal front is opposite the river, and is adorned with six Corinthian columns, supporting a pediment; in the centre of this front, is the great entrance into the several courts, which radiate from a circular area sixty-four feet in diameter, and crowned with a lotty dome ; adjoining tlie respective courts are the Jury rooms, and Judges' apartments. Nexvgate. — Situated in Green Street, is a large quadrangular pile, extending one hundred and seventy feet in front, and nearly as many in depth, and incloses small yards for the re- creation of prisoners, arranged in different classes; the different sexes have separate and distinct divisions : the principal front is on the east side, and consists of a centre built of mountain stone, rusticated and crowned with a pediment; on each side of which £ 26 NEW traveller's guide is a plain facade of black lime-stone ; at the external angles are four round towers, with a cavity in each, through which the filth of the Goal is conveyed. T/ie Sessions House. — Situated contiguous to the Prison, is a neat and spacious Court, where prisoners are tried for capital offences, and petty larceny. The Sheriffs Prison^ — Also situated in the same range with the new Prison, is considered inadequate to accommodate the numerous debtors, incarcerated within the walls of this man- sion of sorrow : here there are no separate divisions for different sexes, the court yard allotted for recreation is wretchedly con- tracted, and rendered nauseous, unwholesome, and offensive, by the effluvia issuing from the privy, disgustingly, and indeli- cately situated in a corner of the only spot where the miserable captives can view the broad canopy of heaven ; here, in common with all prisons, enormous rents are exacted for the accommo- dations of these cells, dignified with the appellation of rooms. This truly is a refinement on torture, and it is an evil that ought to be utterly abolished — first to cast the victim into a prison, and then, permit him to starve or perish, if destitute of means to sup- port existence during his indefinite confinement: the criminal has some pittance allowed him during his incarceration, and knows that his guilt or innocence must be ascertained within a limited period. Linen-Hall. — Situated in Linen Hall Street, is a very spacious building, appropriated for the reception of linen cloth sent to Dublin for sale : this public institution is productive of in- estimable advantages, by preventing many frauds, in so vital a branch of our national staple manufactures, which employs so considerable a portion of the population. Kings Inn Temple^ — Now erecting at Constitution Hill, at the termination of Henrietta Street, will, when finished, add no inconsiderable ornament to our numerous public edifices, and it is hoped will supercede the necessity of sending our law- ^btudents to the courts of Westminster to learn to speak English, as it is presumed the native Irish are now more con- versant with that tongue than at the period when such a re- striction was enjoined, and deemed indispensibly requisite : by a similarity of absurdity, every Irish parson should be previously drilled in a Yorkshire desh^ before he should presume to ascend an Irish Pulpit. The Scotch lav/ students are exempted from such a vexatious and unnecessary exaction, though the Caledo- nian dialect does net sound more musical and harmonious than the Hibernian brogue. FOR IRELAND. 27 The Irish barrister's information should be derived from the practice of the Four Courts, and his leisure hours could be inore profitably applied, in a law library, than m a lazy lounge round St. Stephen's Abbey. On George's Hill, a very spacious Roman Catholic Chapel is nearly finished, beautifully ornamented with a hewn stone front. T/ie Parochial CJmrcJi^ — Situated in Church Street, is a ve- nerable structure, with a square steeple erected at the w^est end. Gross Population of St. Mickan^s Parish. — 1 8,092, Individuals* Stiperfices.-^dd Acres, 0 Roods, 13 Perches. ST. MARY'S PARISH. St. Mary's Parish — Is supereminently conspicuous for the rank, wealth, and affluence of its inhabitants, composed of nobi- lity, gentry, merchants, factors, shop-keepers, manufacturers, and mechanics, disposed and arranged, as local attractions ar- rest the fancy for the city residence of opulence, or commercial convcniencies determine the preference for mercantile specu- lation; it is a well-known maxim, that the shop-keeper of every vendible commodity, will prefer that situation most likely to insure the greatest number of customers. The most indigent inhabitants of this, and every other parish, constitute the back ground of the picture: its public buildings, though not numerous, are splendid and useful, among which the Lying-in- Hospital, erected in Great Britain- Street, for the relief of poor lying-in women, merits particular attention, both for the bcnevoltnce of the design, and the beauty of its structure, w^hich exhibits an exquisite monument of architectural science. It consists of a centre entirely built of hewn stone, forming two fronts, to which two wings are connected by simicircular colonades ; a lofty steeple is erected in the centre, and has a most delightful effect : adjoining the eastern colonade is the Rotunda, where balls and assemblies are held, and concerts performed for the benefit of the charity ; close to which room, stands a grand suit of apartments built in the Doric order ; the Garden adjoining this superb pile, is tastefully intersected with gravel walks, shaded with full grown trees, and inclosed with iron palisades ; Gramby- Row, Palace- Row, and Cavendish- Row, form a square round this Garden, named Rutland Square, in compliment to his Grace the Duke of Rutland, who munificently contributed to the improvements. 28 KEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE Industrious Blind, — Near the Lying-in-Hospital, in this street, a charitable institution is established, supported by private subscriptions, and the contributions collected at an annual charity sermon, for the subsistence of the Industrious Blind, wlio are here employed in different occupations, and have already made considerable progress in the manufacture of wicker work, which is sold here for the benefit of the cha- I'ity. Charlemo2int House^ — Delightfully situated in the centre of Palace Row, fronting the Garden, is built with hewn Arklow stone, superior in quality to any Portland stone imported for that purpose: its internal decorations, both in taste and magni- ficence, correspond with its external architectural elegance. Simjjsim's Hospital ^—'Erected in Great Britain Street for the reception of poor decayed, blind, and gouty men, is a hand- lome, large and convenient building, fronted with plain hewn jbtone. T/ie Charitable Infirmary^ — Situated in Jervis Street, is fitted lip for the reception of sick or wounded poor patients, who are here maintained, and supplied with necessaries until a cure is effected. Apothecary s Hall^ — Situated in Mary's Street, is established for the purj:!ose of regulating the profession of pharmacy in Ireland, and for the sale of simple and compound medicines, prepared under the inspection of a sworn Court of Directors annually elected. This institution is a very important object to the community, as drugs vended in this hall are unadulte- rated. Lock Penitentiary^ — Is situated in Dorset Street, for the re-^- ception and employment of women leaving the Lock Hospital, and desirous of returning to industry and virtue: washing, calandering and mangling.: are done at this house. A neat cha- pel is annexed to this institution, very numerously attended by a genteel congregation; the Sunday collections are appropri- ated for the siipport of the institution. The Parochial Churchy — Situated in Mary Street, is a spa- cious plain stone structure, and has an unfinished square stee^ Gross Population of St. Mary^s Parish. — 14,i54 Individuals, ^uperjices. — 115 Acres, 0 Roods, 83 Perches, St. GEORGE'S PARISH. Kt. Georgl's Paiusij — Is almost exchisively occupied by tliat description of inhabitants whose oi)ulence enables them to t^njoy the sweets of privacy, detached from the noisy bustle of laborious industry, for which purpose, Mount-joj^ Square, and the different streets immediately diverging from it, are admira- bly calculated : neither hotels, shoj)s, nor warehouses, are permitted to interrupt the universal tranquillity which prevailsj or to disfigure the uniformity of the elegant mansions. Moiint-joTj Square. — This delightful square is tastefully laid out in gravel wnlks, planted with evergreens, flowering shrubs, and inclosed with iron palisades, comprehending an area, with- in the railing, of three acres, and eleven perches. The buildings in this square command a most delightful prospect of the Bay, Wicklow-mountains, Hoath, and a thickly inhabited, w^ell ])lanted, and highly cultivated country. A neat commodi- ous Methodist Chapel is erected in Great Charles Street, a very handsome stone structure, fronted with hewn stone. Farming Society, — The Farming Society Repository for the annual exhibition of fat cattle, is situated in Summer Hill. Chajicl. — In Temple-Lane there is a private Chapel, where divine worship is performed according to the prescribed ordin- ances of the established church ; it is a plain stone structure, and has a square steeple : the congregation is numerous and most respectable. St. George^s Dispensary Fever Hospital, — Is situated in Lower Dorset Street, near the Circular Road; it was institut- ed for a similar charitable purpose^ as the Fever Hospital, Cork Street, and is an invaluable establishment for the accommodation of the poor on the north side of the city ; it is supported by an- nual subscription, private donations, and the charitable contri- butions collected at a charity sermon annually preached for that purpose. Parochial Churchy — Situated in Hardwick Place, exhibits a most perfect specimen of architectural elegance, and its lofty ornamented steeple, forms a very conspicuous landmark. Gross Population of St, George's Parish, — 5,099 Inhabitants, Superfccs* — 53 acres, 3 Roods, 21 Perches. St. THOMAS' PARISH. St. Thomas' Parish, — Contains some magnificent streets and a very respectable and genteel population : opposite to Earl Street, in the centre of Sackville Street, stands Nelson's Pillar, erected by subscription, in commemoration of splendid nautical achievements. The most superb street the Capitol could boast, 30 KEW traveller's GUIDE was the most appropriate situation to place a monument of the greatest naval warrior, the annals of maritime history ever have recorded. This beautiful fluted pillar rises from a square pedestal, and round the topis a gallery commanding an extensive view of the City, the Bay, and the distant mountains, over which is fixed the statue of Lord Nelson leaning against the capstan of a ship. The Custom House, — The front of this stupenduous pile ex- tends three hundred and seventy five feet in length, by two hundred and nine feet in depth, and exhibits four fronts, which possess as much variety as the nature of the design could pos- sibly admit. The principal or south front is enriched with arcades, and columns of the Doric order, crowned with an en- tablature; from the centre rises a magnificent dome elevated one hundred and thirty-five feet from the base, on which is placed a pedestal supporting a female figure of Commerce ; the emblematical decorations of this massy structure are peculiarly appropriate, judicious and expensive; the different offices con- tained within this capacious edifice are elegant and commodious, of which the Long-room is pre-eminently conspicuous ; opposite the east front are the wet Docks, constructed for the convey- ance of merchandize to the adjacent stores. Waterford House^ — Situated on the west side of Marlborough Street, is fronted with cut mountain stone, and decorated with a handsome Doric door ; there is a convenient and spacious court before the bouse, which is remarkable for being the first pri- vate modern edifice in the city entirely built of stone. Aldborough House. — Its low unwholesome situation but very ill accords with the superb magnificence of this singularly constructed edifice. It is now converted into an Academy, where youth are to be instructed, on a very extraordinary and novel plan, which perhaps may frustrate the sanguine expectations confidently entertained respecting its superlative efficacy. Parochial Churchy — Situated on the west side of Marlborough Street, opposite to Glocester Street, to which it forms ah ele- gant termination, exhibits an unfinished front, the original de- sign having never been executed, Every Parish in Dublin supports a Charitable Protestant School, proiX)rtionate to its relative ability; the different Catholic Cha- pels have charitable institutions for the instruction of children of that communion ; the dissenting congregations also support fcimilar establishments. Would to heaven that a rivalship in the mercilul works of charity were the only emulation that actuated every denomination of Christians, then rancour, envy, ar^l political animosity would no longer derange social har- FOR IRELAND, SI mony, and convulse national tranquillity. Besides these particular institutions confined to the instruction of individuals attached to distinctive tenets, there are alsosunday and evening schools es- tablished for the labouring children of every religious denomi- nation who cannot attend at any other time; of v/hich the Dublin Weekly Free School in School-house-lane, Thomas- Street, on the south, and one established on the Strand on the north side of the river Liffy, seem to be at present most sviccessfully conducted ; others are daily added , and it is to be hoped, that in due time they will produce the proper fruits of encrease; there are also many charitable associations in this metropolis, instituted by private benevolence, to alleviate the various casualities, miseries, and calamities incident to the vicissitudes and misfortunes of life. Markets^ — Are most abundantly supplied with the greatest variety of every necessary and luxury of life ; but the remorse- less gripe of avarice frequently counteracts the bounty of Pro- vidence, through the crafty devices of forestallers, factors, sale-masters, and contractors, who interpose between the ven- der and consumer, in every article of provisions exhibited in the Dublin market for the supply of the inhabitants ; and thus all the necessaries of life are artificially enhanced by the exactions and extortions of such devouring harpies ; the sale of cattle^ in Smithfield market, is usurped by the intrusive Sale-master, that self constituted arbitrator betw^een the victualler and the grazier; and the subordinate vendible commodities are equally encumbered by the petty perquisites imposed to remune- rate the unnecessary interference of a ragged Factor; such abuses imperatively demand the corrective interposition of legis- lative authority. Antiquities. — The Antiquities of Dublin afford scanty en- tertainment to gratify the imagination of the curious reader ; the exact aera of its foundation cannot be positively and satis- factorily ascertained, and its different revolutions, and subjec- tion to various petty sovereigns, only exhibit a dry catalogue of chronological dates, totally uninteresting to the present en- lightened generation. It may, however, be summarily recorded to the mortifica- tion and degradation of redouted Irish valour, that the Danes or Ostmen held the sovereign sway of Dublin and its vicinity during a period of three hundred and thirty three years; from whence they never were totally evicted, though often w^eakened in the various vicissitudes of a barbarous and desultory warfare, until the invincible prowess of British valour entirely annihilated 32 NEW traveller's GUIDE tliis ferocious host : From this period, the history of Ireland becomes incorporated, and constitutes no inconsiderable por- tion of the great events succeeding Ireland's submission to British sway. Whatever pangs the then existing generation of Irish natives might feel, by the changes which must always accompany the introduction of a new Government, they are now forgotten, and the petty feuds, which always agitate rival principalities, such as Ireland exhibited at this distracted period, are for ever done away; by mutual intercourse, by in- termarriages, by a gradual adoption of, and approximation to, British manners and customs, by an indentity of interests, and by the unrestricted enjoyment of the blessings of the British Constitution, we are imperceptibly incorporated and intermingled with Englishmen. The form of the City is nearly a parallelogram, and its vast extent is manifest from the quantity of ground its buildings occupy. We refer to the following Table for a particular account of the number of people, and extent of surface contained in each Parish respectively, by which it will be seen that the City of Dublin is rated at 172,091 Inhabitants, occupying au area of 1264? Acres, 0 Roods, 36 Perches, Irish measure. The City returns two Members to Parliament. as A Tcihk of Parish^^i Papulations^ and Extent. Inhabitants. Acres. Rao !s. Per. 1. St. Werbumh's :'>6^9 10 3 35 768i? 14 2 30 S. St. Mark's 8692 59 0 31 4. St. Aim's 722S 63 0 27 5. St. Peter's 16063 141 0 21 St. Patrick's Cathedral - - - - 2081 9 3 36 6. St. Bride's 8009 36 3 35 7. St. Nicholas Within - - - 1121 5 3 27 132 1 1 2 8. St. John's 4142 11 2 23 2599 5 3 27 10. St. Audeon's ------ 5191 24 2 29 11. St. Catherine's ------ 20176 112 1 23 12. St. Nicholas Without - - - - 12306 47 0 25 13. St. Lukes 7241 31 0 21 6104 59 1 36 15. St. Paul's 9904 88 0 37 16. St. Michan's 18092 99 0 13 17. St. Marys 16654 115 0 33 18. St. George's « - 5096 53 3 21 93 0 37 Grand Total of Inhabitants 172^091 Total area 1264 A. according to Whitelavv's Survey 0 Uoods» 36 Per. COUNTY OF DUBLIN. The County of Dublin — Is bounded on the east from Bray- head to Balbriggan, by the Irish Sea, extending about thirty miles following the indentations of the coast ; on the north and west, by the County of Eastmeath; on the south west, by the County of Kildare, and on the south to the sea, by the County of Wicklow. Thesuperfices of this County contains 147,840 Irish plantation acres, of which the mountains and wastes constitute one-eighth; the vegetative soil is generally very shallow ; the substratum being almost universally a cold clay, retaining the water, which circumstance renders the surface unprofitable, unless where improved by draining, and artificial amelioration. The lands converging to the capital owe their luxuriancy of vegetation to the abundance of manure, so cheaply procured from the city of Dublin ; such grounds, therefore, from local circumstances, and proximity to the metropolis, totally exclude farming occupancy; and are, consequently, set for dairies, nurse- ries, manufactories, and the rural residence of civic opulence. Agricultural improvements are rapidly increasing by a better mode of tillage than what hitherto has been practised, and the raisin,^ of clover and other artificial ^n-asses is now universal^v adopted. Fuel in some remote districts, destitute of either bog, peat^ or the convenience of water conveyance for the supply of coals, is a very scarce article ; thus then, are indigent farmers, labour- ers, and cottagers reduced to the imperative necessity of substi- tuting straw, droppings, and other combustible materials to supply the deficiency of fuel. Flence it generally happens, that those places destitute of this vitally essential requisite for human comfort, are indiscriminately pillaged of all orna- mental plantations ; as the hungry and perishing peasant will bi'ave all dangers to prepare his scanty repast. The roads and bridges in this County are kept in most ex- cellent repair, although at a very great expense; the new Mili- tary Road commencing at Rathflirnham, and intended to be- extended towards Wexford, through the winding glens of the intervening mountains, will effectually contribute to colonize and improve these hitherto wild and uncultivated wastes; and the skilful execution and durability of the materials, will render it an object of admirr;tirds, and thirteen from the Castle of Dublin; this village is celebriited for its very supe- rior cured Ling. From this village, a road runs along the sea shore to Skerries, and thence to Balbriggan. From the Rus.h road on the left issues the road leading to Lusk dis- tant from Dublin eleven miles only remarkable for having one of these round towers, so common in Ireland. ^I'he Churcli is an old venerable structure. The roads from Rush and Skerries, concenter at the Church, and two road?; issue irom it, leading in a dioganal direction to the great Mail- couch-rond. 46 Parishes m the Barony of Balrudderi/. Ballybohil Donabate Palmers-towtt Gar rrets- town Grallah Portrahatl Naul Hollywood Westphals-toWn Ballymadeen Holm-park Kilrush a chapleiry, Balriiddery 'Louglishinney, — Between Kilrush and Skerries lies Lough« Finney; it has a fine spacious harbour, and an unfinished pier : there is a rich copper mine in its vicinity. Skerries — Is a very considerable fishing village, distant se- venteen miles from the city ; lead ore and sulphur, have been discovered in the small adjacent Islands. Two cross roads branch off, one to the right, and another to the left ; that on the left ramifies into two directions, one leading to Balybohil, the other to the Naul. Balruddery — Lies on the Mail coach road, between the Man of War and Balbriggan ; its church is in repair, and the village in decay; here there is a cross road to the right ; a little beyond this village the road divides into two sections, the one to the right, leading to Balbriggan is considered the best and safest for carriages. Balbriggan^ — Distant fifteen miles and a half from the Castle* of Dublin, is a very considerable fishing village, and has a fine pier for the accommodation of shipping ; a very thriving Cotton Manufactury is established here ; a regular vein of sparry me- caceous stone, fit for the manufacture of pure crystal glass has been discovered, also a small vein of copper and sulphur, by that indefatigable mineralogist, Donald Stewart. Distance from Dublin. Miles. Drumcondra 2 Santry - .- -- .- 3 Swords -.--»---7 Turvey - -- -- -- 9 Man of War - 1 2 Balruddery - - - - - -14 Balbriggan - - - - - -151- ROADS. About a mile and a half from the Castle, the mail road branches into two divisions, that on the right leading through FOR mrLAND. 41 Glassnevin to tlie Naiil, nnd ihe left braricli runs lliroiigh Finglass to Duleek, &c. on the left of the Glassnevin road. On the south side of the Glassnevin river, is situated that magnifi- cent national institute, the Botanic Garden, containing 21 Irish acres, and enriched with almost every known species of Flov/ers, yhrubs. Trees, Plants, and Vegetables, which either nourisli or destroy existence, arranged into their proper classes ; and annual lectures are publicly delivered on their various qualities, properties, and uses : also a great collection of curious Exotics are preserved in glass-houses, artificially heated, to create the correspondent degree of genial warmth requisite for their vegeta- tion. Glasmevvi^ — The village cf Glassnevin, situated on a rising ground distant two miles from the Castle, abounds with the country residences of the wealthy; and truly, its attractive beauties highly merit the priority of choice; the Church is situated on the right side of the road, a commodious ve- nerable structure ; a cross road to the left runs towards Fing- lass ; a little beyond the three mJle stone, another cross road leads to Santry; this road is destitute of villages, but it runs through a very rich soil, peculiarly adapted for pasture and agriculture; a little beyond the six mile-stone, there is a cross road leading to the right; and on this side of the seventh mile-stone, another cross road leads to the right and left ; at the eighth mile- stone, a diagonal cross road runs to the right and left ; betvveen the eio-ht and ninth mile-stone, a cross road runs riolu and left; and beyond the tenth rnile-stone, a cross road runs on the right to Ballyboghill, and on the left, to Westpha!?.town. — About a quarter of a mile beyond the twelfth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left; and a little beyond the thirteenth mile-stone, a cross road on the right runs towards Balruddery. At the fourteenth mile-stone, on the verge of the county of Dublin, stands theNaul, remarkable for its romantic Glen overhung with rocks, inwhich thereare many caves. Theold Castle is boldly situated on a position overlooking this enchanting spot, through which a stream, dividing the counties of Meatli and Dublin, winds its course; and at a small distance, forms a beautiful water-fall, called the Roches. This route is not distinguibhed by any other remarkable, or extraordinary curiosity, either natural or artificial, save only the ruins of a few delapidat- cd churches. The verdant surface of the country indicates it.-^ fertility, and it is chiefly occupied by respectable farmers. G 43 NEW traveller's guide Distance from Dublin. Miles* Glasslievin . .... 2 Forest . . ... . 5i Brackenstown . . ... 6{ Ballyboghill . . . . lOi Naul . . . . • • 14? ROADS. Finglass. — The road to Finglass diverges on the left from the road leading from the city to Glassnevin and Finglass; at the bridge, two cross roads run, the one to the right leads towards Glassnevin, and the other to the left, winding along the banks of Finglass river, leads to Cabra and Carduff. Finglass town is pleasantly situated three miles from the Castle of Dublin; the church is a plain durable structure, erected on a lofty eminence, whence there is a fine prospect ; contiguous to the church, there is a spa, formerly much frequented, but now neglected ; here two cross roads run, one on the right, and one on the left. PasS'if-T/oU'Can, — Is situated five miles and three quarters from Dublin ; a new road has been made through Kilsaloghan Commons, which is shorter by half a mile than the road running by Grenoge. St. Margarefs. — Farther on are the ruins of St. Margaret's Church. Chapel Midway.' — At Chapel Midway is a cross road running to the right, and a little farther on, a cross road to the right, and another to the left leads to Donboyne. Beyond the eighth mile-stone, are the ruins of Kilsaloghan Castle. The church is in repair ; here the road leading to Slane winds lo the left. The direct road on the right, leads to Clonmethan. At the tenth mile-stone there arc two cross roads, the one to the right, the other on the left leads to Grenoge, from whence at a small distance, is the direct road leading to Garrelstown, forming the boundary of the county. Strong indications of coal have been discovered here, and an unsuccessful experiment was made by the late colonel Talbott to discover the real situation of the mine. This tract is interspersed with some FOR IRE]UAKD. 43 beautiful mansions, and is thickly inhabited by opulent graziers, wealthy farmers, and swarms of cottagers ; the soil is generally rich, fertile, and luxuriant, and very well adapted for tillage, and for pasture. Distance from Diihlin. Miles, Finglass . . • . * 3 Pass-if-you-can . .... 5 J St. Margaret's ... . . 5| Chapel Midway .... 7 Kilsaloghan . . . . . 8 J Clonmethan . . • • . 10 Garrelstown . . . . . 14? Parishes in the Barony of Castlehnock. Castleknock, Chapel Ward, Clonsillah, Mullahedart, Chapel Midway, St. Margaret's. ROADS. The road issuing from Dublin, and leading to Navan by Ratooth, is remarkable for the numerous beautiful seats which environ it, almost in an uninterrupted succession, during its progress in the county of Dublin ; at the distance of two miles is situated the village of Cabragh, fantastically asserted to derive its name from the heathenish Corybantian priests, its imaginary original inhabitants; but the refinement of Celtic etymology may discover a similitude where common sense can perceive no analogy. At this village, two cross roads intersect the direct road right and left; a httle farther is another to the left. At the bridge, two cross roads sweep along its banks, one to the right, and another to the left. At the three mile-stone, there is one to the left ; at Kildonan, also is one to the right, and another to the left ; and at Huntstown there is one to the right ; at a small distance beyond the sixth mile-stone, is a cross road to the right and left. At Mount Holly-wood there is a cross 41* NEW TRAVElXErv's GUIDE road to the right; and a little beyond the seventh mile-stone, in another to the right : here the county of Dublin terminates at a httle more than the distance of seven miles. There are no remarkable stages in this short distance. Casile/aiock. — The two branches of the Mail coach road, issuing fiom the city, and passing by Dunshaghlin, unite at Castleknock, distant three miles and an half from the Castle. On the left, are the ruins of an old castle, built in the reign of King Henry the Second, on a very lofty eminence, whence there is a delightful prospect of the adjacent country. In the various subsequent contentions, it was often selected for an encampment from its advantageous position. From Castleknock issue two cross roads to the left, communicating with Knock- maroon-hill in different directions; at the fourth mile-stone, to the rights is situated the Observatory of Dansink, a very conspicuous object from its elevated situation. At the fourth mile-stone two cross roads issue to the left; on this side of the fifth mile stone, a cross road runs to the right ; and at a small distance beyond the fifth mile-stone, another cross road runs to the right. Midlahedart. — The village of Mullahedart is distant six miles, where two cross roads intersect the direct road, one to the right, and another to the left. The ruins of Mullahedart Church are situated to the right, on a rising ground, near w^hich is a well, of pure, clear water, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, superstitiously reverenced by the credulous multitude. Cloonee. — On the verge of the county is situated the village of Cloonee, distant seven miles from the City, where the county terminates. The tract from Castleknock to Cloonee, is generally occupied by flirmers, and consequently much engaged in tillage. Lead ore has been discovered near the ©Id Castle of Castleknock ; and likewise fuller's earth. Distance from Dublin. Miles. Castleknock . . . , 3j Mullahedart . • • .61 Cloonee . • . • , 7 The PJioenix ParJc^ — Situated south west of the City, is aboirC seven miles in circumference, beautifully diversified with woodland, champaign, and rising grounds, tastefully adorneil v/ith extensive sheets of water, and plentifully stocked with FOR IRELAND. 45 deer. The Viceroy and his chief secretary's country residence are situated in this Park, as also those of other considerable personages, attached to the viceregal court ; there is a strong calybeate spa on the right of the entrance leading from the park gate to the viceregal lodge. Copper ore has been dis- covert^d in different parts of its surface; near Chapelizod, in tliis park, is the Hibernian School, erected on a bold and lofty eminence, commanding an extensive prospect, exclusively appropriated for the cloathing, educating, and maintining the orphans of soldiers, who at a proper age, arc appren- ticed to protestant masters and mistresses ; a very neat chapel entirely built of hewn stone, and adorned with an elegant steeple, is attached to this establishment. From Knock-ma- roon gate of this park issue two bye roads, that on the right, along the high grounds, runs by the demesne of Oatlands, traversin^r many delightful demesnes on which there are beau- tiful country mansions, and commanding an encnantmg prospect of the distant mountains and the rich intervening highly cul- tivated, and thickly planted vallies, with the numerous villas, profusely scattered in all directions. That to the left pre- cipitately descending from the summit of the hill, runs through this Irish Vale of Tempe along the banks of the LifFy to Lucan. At Knock-maroon Hill, there have been some unsuc- cessful efforts made to discover and work a coal mine ; the soil is generally a lime-stone gravel, and teems with lime-stone quarries of the finest quality. Parishes in the Baronies of Ne*w Castle and Upper Cross* Chapelizod Newcastle Crumlin Balyfermot Clondalkin Alderg Carlaghstown Radicool Rathfarnham Palmerstown Tassagard Newtowai Lucan Tallow Caugh St. Catherines Ballymore Eustace ROADS'. From Kilmainham on the south side of the river Liff*y, and from the Royal Barracks on the north side, the two principal avenues issue from the City, which uniting at Chapelizod- Bridge form a continuation of the great western Mail-coach- xoad, leading to Athlone, and then to Galway, Tuani, and manv other towns situated beyond the River Shannon. 45 KEW traveller's GVlt>Z Chapelizod — Is a handsome populous village, distant two miles and three quarters from the Castle, delightfully situated on both banks of the LifFy ; the Church is a plain neat structure, situated on the northern side of the river, from which a private road leads along the Phoenix- Park wall, to the summit of Knock- marroon Hill ; here different mills are erected for various pur- poses ; hence a cross road runs to the left leading to Ballyfermof. Palmerslo'wn^ — Is pleasantly situated on a rising ground, and distant four miles from the City ; a very extensive Cotton Manufactory is established where, whichis gradually reviving this very much decayed and long neglected place. On the right, is Palmerstown-house and demesne, the magnificent mansion of the Right Honorable Lord Donoughmore, delightfully situated on the banks of the Liffy ; the intervening space from Palmers- town to Lucan, situated on the right side of the road, and bounded by the Liffy, is almost exclusively occupied, in an unin- terrupted succession, by delightful country seats, enchantingly situated on the declivity of a rising ground, overlooking the meandering Lifiy winding underneath through a rich and well planted valley; at Palmers'^town there is a cross road to the left, and at the five-mile stone another cross road to the left. Liican^ — Distant six miles and a half from the Castle, is much frequented in the summer season by a numerous concourse of fash- ionable visitors, attracted hither by the reputed celebrity of its sulphurous and calybeate spa, deemed a most efficacious remedy for cutaneous eruptions, and various other diseases; near the spiing a very spacious and commodious Hotel is erected for the ac- commodation of such guests as prefer the enjoyment of polite society to retired private lodgings ; for which purpose, many houses are neatly furnished in this village and its vicinity ; Mr Vesey's demesne extending along the Liffy to Leixlip, affords a most enchanting recreation to such strangers as obtain per- mission to perambulate this romantic spot ; there is also in the town a very good Inn, abundantly supplied in summer with a well furnished larder for the accommodation of travellers. This is a favorate resort for citizens, who form many parties for the enjoyment of rural amusement. There are very extensive Iron Works erected here, and various other mills for printing cali- coes, and other different uses. From hence a cross road to the right leads to Donboyne, and another to the left runs by the chapel to Escher ; on this side of the hotel, a cross road on the left leads to Celbridge. The county of Dublin termi- nates at a little beyond the seven mile-stone. All this neig- bourhood, abounds in lime-stone quari ies. 47 Distance from Diihlin. Miles, Chapelizod, tl^ Palmerstown, 4 Lucaii, ' Cj|^ ROADS. The great southern Mail-coach-road issues from the summit of James Street, sweeping along the valley of Kilmainham, passes by Richmond Barrack, situated on the left, and at the two mile stone, crosses the Grand Canal by a fine bridge. The ruins of Drumnough Castle, and a little farther on to thc3 left, also that of Ballymount, are the only interesting objects which can diversify the monotonous sameness that prevails, aci far as the road, for a couple of miles, runs along the flat. At a small distance beyound the three mile stone, a cross road runs to the right, and at the four mile stone, a diagonal cross road on the right leads to Clondalkin, remarkable for having a round tower eighty four feet high, terminated by a conic pinna- cle ; it is still in a high degi ee of preservation. A little beyond the four mile stone, is a cross road to the left, and on this side cf the five mile stone, is another to the left, and there are two to the right, leading in a slanting direction to Clondalkin; between the fifth and six niile stones, are two cross roads to the right, andatthe sixth mile stone, on the left, are the ruins of Chevers-town- Castle, A little beyond the sixth mile stone, is a cross road to the right; within a quarter of a mile of Rathcool lies Saggard on the lelt , Rathcool^ — Distant seven miles and three quarters from the Castle, IS a poor mean straggling long village, affording biu very indifferent accommodation for the comforts or convenience of visitors or travellers. It is mostly composed of carmens' inns, audits chief traffic seems to consist in vending malt and spirits. Its Church, situated on an eminence to the left, is a plain neat structure, near which is a small parsonage house on the same side. At the upper end of this village to the right is the Char- ter School, exclusively appropriated for the cioathing, educat- ing, and maintaining female orphans, and seems to be very well adapted for this charitable purpose. From the two extre- mities of this village, two cross roods run to the right, leadinir to Newcastle, which, previous to the Union, sent two memberi. 44 KEw Traveller's guide to the Irish Parliament. At the eighth mile stone, on the left, a diagonal cross road creeps up the lofty mountains, whose base- ments seem to commence here. A little beyond the nine mile stone, is a cross road to the right, ascending the lofty hill of Lyons. On this side of the ten mile stone, the County of Dublin terminates. T/ie Adjacent Courdry — Is mostly occupied by farmers, thin- ly interspersed, with some fine country seats, and appears com- paratively bleak, considering its short distance from the capital ; liowever, where the road ascends the intervening eminences, the prospect to the right, on the finest woodlands, and most tnickly inhabited spot in the universe, is most delightful, and on the left, the distant barren lofty mountains fomii a pleasant contrast to diversify the scenery. Rathcool. — Distance from JDiMin. . • ^ 7| The road leading to Tallagh issues from Dolphin's Barn by a fine bridge erected on a lateral cut of the Grand Camd, which communicates with the LifFy by means of the Docks at Ring's-End. Before you enter Crumlin, distant three miles from the Castle, you meet a cross road on the left, leading to Templeogue, and a little ferther on, another cross road to the right. Crumlin — Was formerly a fashionable outlet, but seems now utterly neglected. The Church is a plain stone structure. A little beyond Crumlin is another cross road to the riglit. The lands immediately adjoining the intervening distance from Crumlin to Tallagh, are chiefly occupied by farmers, and seem to be well cultivated. Tallagh^ — Distant five miles from the Castle, is a straggling irregular village only remarkable for being the Archbishop of Dublin's country residence. The Palace is an ancient venerable structure, possessing more strength and durability than exter- nal beauty. The gardens are very extensive, and kept in fine order. On the right of the road is the (^Junxh, a plain stone l)uilding, and has a lofty square steeple ; a considerable stream passes by this village on which many mills are erected for vari- ous purposes. From Tallagh a cross road sweeps to the left, leading to Old Bawn &c.; and at the seven mile stone, is a cross road to the right, leading to Saggart. Tlie rentainder of this road to the verge of the county, which terminates at the ten milestone, runs through tliat lofty and barren mountain named Tallagh-Hill. The soil between Crumlin and Tallagh is in general a light lime stone gravel, with some few moory low FOR IRELAND. grounds intermixed. This road is the great thorouglifare for pro- visions brought from the neighbouring districts of the county of Wicklow to the Dublin market. Distance from Duhlm. Mile Crumlin, ........ 3 Tallagh, . . . . • 5 ROADS. Through Harold's Cross, a pleasant and healthy outlet, dis- tant one mile from the Castle, runs the direct road to Rathfaru- ham. On this side of the town is Rathfarnham Bridge cou i sisting of one lofty arch, of a very wide span, thrown over the violent and impetuous Dodder ; a cross road on the left, winding along the south bank of the river, runs to Taney Church. Rathfarnham^ — Distant two miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is beautifully situated on a gently ascending eminence. On the left of the town lies the magnificent castle and extensive demesne of the most noble the Marquis of Ely. On the right is the Church, a spacious modern structure, to which is attached the abutment of a square unfinished steeple : at the extremity of this town commences the celebrated Military Road already noticed. It may be necessary to remark that the various streams issuinij from the mountains afford such nume- rous opportunities for the erection of machinery, that every convenient situation offering a sufficient fall for the erection of a mill is judiciously occupied by buildings of this description. From this town issue two cross roads, one to the right, winding beneath the foot of the lofty overhanging mountain, leads to the numerous fine seats with which this section of the country is so profusely ornamented ; the other to the left, leads to Marley, little Dargle, and so on, through the lofty mountains of Dublin to the verge of the county. Rathmines^ — A most delightful village, distant one mile and a half from the Castle, is now almost connected with Porto-Bello by a continued line of newly erected houses. On the right stands that extensive range of building, the Cavalry Barrack, nearly 50 NEW traveller's GUIDE finished and most enchantingly situated as already noticed. At this village in the time of the civil war, the Duke of Ormond was defeated by the Parliament-forces commanded by Colonel Jones, with the loss of four thousand men killed and three thou- sand prisoners. Although this outlet is the most circuitous way of going either to Rathfarnham or Tallagh, still it is univer- sally preferred from the superior attractions of the wide and beautiful avenues leading to this village, which will be render- ed still more commodious, by a diagonal new road leading on the right from the spring of Rathmines to the old Castle of Rathgar, and meeting the straight road lately opened to com- municate between Rathfarnham and Rathmines, which runs in a direct line along the demesnes of Terrenure to Templeogue, where a cross road to the left, by a bridge thrown across the Dodder, leads to Fur House, Holly-park &c. A little beyond Templeogue, at the ruins of an old mill, commences a new road to the left, which runs along the high grounds into Tallagh, Description is inadequate to delineate the beautiful variety of delightful prospects, which in rich profusion, are to be found in this romantic district. Parishes in the half Barony of Eathdown. Donny-brook, Taney, . Kilgobbin, Killernor^ Esker, Rathmichael, White Church, Old Conaught, Bullock, Kill, Killiny, Monk's-Town, Stillorgan, Tally, Irish-Town, a Cliapelrvo ROADS, The road leading to Enniskerry issues from Charlemont Street, crosses the Grand Canal by Charlemont Bridge, and runs through the pleasant village of Ranelagh, beyond which Coldblow-Lane- road on the left cemmunicates with Donnybrook, and a few perches farther on the left, runs the road leading to Clon-skeagh. The Miltown-road sweeps to the right, precipitately running down the steep hill, passes through the town, then suddenly turns to the kit, crosses tlie narrow bridge, then after a short FOR IRELAND. 51 winding, ascends a steep hill situated on tlie south side of the Dodder. From the village of Miltown to the right, runs a cross road along the banks of the river in a low valley, communi- cating with Rathmines. Midway between Miltown and Rath mines, is a narrow bridge thrown across the Dodder, which is intended to be enlarged, and thence a direct road is to run to the Church of Taney, part of which is already laid out, and when completed, will shorten the distance, and render the communication more delightful from the superiority of its more elevated prospect. Miltown — Is distant two miles and a quarter from the Castle. In the direct road from Miltown to Dundrum, a cross road runs to the left. On approaching the village, a cross road runs to the left, passing by Woodbine-hill, and another to the right passing a neat bridge, and circuitously winding round the Church situ- ated on a bold declivity, which is now become too confined for the greatly increased protestant population of this vicinity ; a new spacious, and commodious structure, adequate to afford ample accommodation for so numerous and respectable a con- gregation, is immediately to be erected, for whose scite John Giffard Esq. has gratuitously allotted an appropriate portion of his delightful demesne; this edifice, from so elevated a situation, together with its intended lofty steeple, will form a pleasingly conspicuous landmark. Dundrum. — This village, distant three miles and three quar- ters from the Castle, has prodigiously increased within a very short period, and is now much frequented for the salubrity of its air, and the great plenty of goat's whey it affords to valetu- dinarians requiring this restorative aliment ; from the middle of the town to the left, issues a cross road leading to Kilmacudd, and at the upper extremity of the town, a diagonal road winds to the right in a sunken valley, beneath the remains of an ancient castle partly repaired, and boldly situated on the steep brow of a lofty hill ; the Kilgobbin-road shelves obliquely to the left, and ascending the kigh grounds, alternately sinking and elevating, until it suddenly precipitates at the deep valley of Sandy-fort village, distant four miles and three quarters from the castle, thence rapidly emerges to the summit of an impending hill, from whence there is the finest view imaginable of the City, Bay, Howth, and all the flat country lying in a north-western direction, as far as the eye can reach. To the left, a little on this side of the five mile stone, is a cross road leading to Stillorgan, and at a very small distance on tlie same side, a new road is partly finished, which in a straight line will lead towards the 52 KEW TRVELLEr's GUIDE Bray high road ; a few perches beyond the five mile stone to the right, are the ruins of an old castle, and at a quarter of a mile fai ther on the right, stands Kilgobbin Church, built on a steep hill, whence also there is an extensive pleasing prospect. From Stepaside, distant five miles and three quarters, runs the Scalp road to the left; from this village also issues a road to the right ascending a very steep hill, and running through the bleak mountains, situated in that direction. Kiltenian — Is distant seven miles from the Castle ; beyond the eight mile stone, Dublin County terminates, on this side of the Scalp. The soil in general is light and fit for pasture ; there are {^ome rich meadow grounds in the valleys; the substratum is a continued ledge of Granite rock. The road leading to Bray by Donnybrook, issues in a direct line from Lecson Street, crossing the Grand Canal ; on the right of this road, in a retired healthy situation, is the Hospital of In- curables, a most merciful institution, which conceals from pub- lic view those miserable objects, whose disgusting maladies baffle all the efforts of the healing art. Donnyhrook^ — A pleasant village, is distant two miles from the Castle; the church is a commodious ancient structure situated on the right side of the road, and in the centre of the vUage : there are some cotton and printing mills erected here, which employ a great portion of the population. On the left from Donnybrook bridge, erected on the Dodder, a serpentine road runs to the Rock-road : the beautiful mansion of Merville, is situated one mile beyond Donnybrook, whence a cross road runs to the right, and a little farther on, another to the left ; at the four mile stone, to the right, is Mount Merrion, the magnificent man- sion of Lord Viscount Fitz- William : here two cross roads run to the right ; fiirther on to the right, stands Stillorgan Church : here two cross roads intersect the main road on the right, and another to the left: a little further on to the left is Stillorgan Park, and nearly opposite the grand entrance to this enchanting retreat, is a new cross road to the right: at the five mile stone, on the summit of the hill, is Newtown Park, and a cross road to the left leading to Montpelier liill ; and at the five milestone, a crossroad runs to the right. A little farther on lies Cabinteely to the left, and the stupencluous mansion of Clarehall, on a lofty declivity to the l ight, here the Rock-road unites, and a cross road runs to the right. From Donnybrook to this point of juncr tion, the intervening valley, and adjacent eminences, constitute a perpetual succession of the most thickly inhabited and best planted demenses tliot any similar tract of country in the uni- rOR IRELAND. 59 ted Kingdom can produce, which when viewed from a distant eminence, can only be compared to an immense forest, where the different mansions seem bursting through the green foliage of these umbrageous chisters. — From Baggot Street issues that crowded thorough-fare the Rock Road, leading to Bray by the Black Rock, passing Balls Bridge by an elegant bridge of hewn stone thrown across the Dodder. Balls Bridge, — This village is distant one mile and an half from the Castle : here is established a most extensive Cotton Manufactory, which employs a very considerable portion of industrious population. Ringsettd. — On the left is situated the decayed village of Ringsend, and a little farther on, to the left, lies that fashionable outlet Sandymount, very lowly situated on a sterile barren strand, destitute of water and other conveniencies, necessary to render a country residence comfortable : it has not the advantage of jbeing a bathing station, as the water here, at the highest tide, is so shallow that it is scarcely sufficient for the immersion of an infant. Two serpentine winding roads communicate with this village from the Rock-road, from whence, there is a pas- sage along the strand to old Merrion, distant three miles from the Castle. The next village on the right is Booterstown^ — whence issues a cross road to the right, called Booterstown-lane, thickly inhabited, and where a superb Roman Catholic Chapel has been lately erected. Williamsfown. — Between this village and the Rock is Wil- liamstown, where there is a very good bathing station when the tide is full, but it is too much exposed to the road, and therefore not a delicate situation to be chosen by females. From Merrion to the Rock, the whole distance to the right is occupied by beautiful country seats : on approaching the Rock, there is a wide avenue to the right leading to Merrion. Black Jtoc^',— Distant four miles from the Castle, is at present the most frequented place about the city, but the town is crowd- ed, narrow, and irregularly built, and the leading avenue from the city is too narrov/ for the safety of the passengers. This latter inconvenience might be remedied at no very great expense, by widening the road from Fort Lisle to the Rock, a very in- considerable distance ; the adjacent villas crowded here in a- bundance are elegant, and many are magnificent ; and the late additions are more judiciously arranged, as the retired streets are more spacious than the trading busy portion of the town, sunk in the valley. There is a neat elegant Methodist Chapel erected in this town. From the rising ground beyond the Rock* 54 NEW iriAVELLER'S GUIDE runs a diagonal road towards Cabinteely, which at present is the route selected for the mail coach, for which purpose this road is most inconveniently too narrow, and requires to be con- siderably widened. From this road a cross road runs to the right. Montpelievc — On an eminence about half a mile beyond the Rock, is Montpelier a most healthy and delightful situation, commanding an enchanting prospect; at the termination of this road or avenue, at the distance of three quarters of a mile, is Monkstown Church, a neat model of modern architecture, orna- mented with a square steeple of hewn stone; round the church two roads sweep one to tlie right leading to Roaches-town, the <)ther on the left leading to Dunleary hill, and thence to Dalkey, by Bullock. Dunleary. — The new village of Dunleary, from the irresisti- ble attractions of its natural beauties, its extensive prospects, its loity and healthy situation, bids finr to become the established resort of civic recreation in the course of a very short period^ and that the imperial throne of volatile and capricious fashion will ultimately be permanently fixed on this favoured spot, v/hose tasteful plan seems to be most judiciously arranged for subsequent enlargement and improvement. A new direct road runs from the pier through the village, until it ter- minates at the Rock Mail Coach-road. This village is distant five miles and a quarter from the Castle ; the coast all along is covered with Martello Towers^ similarly constructed as their more lofty and gigantic brethren the antient round towers, whose singular form has generated a fruitless proftision of literary, trifling, and conjectural absurdity. Dalkcij, — Some remnants of supposed Danish fortifications still exist at Dalkey, which imequi vocally prove, that although the Danes may have been cruel conquerers, they were not bar- barous and savage vrarriors. The walls of the strong castle stiil remain entire, and some parts of the curtain flanked with basti- ons are sill visible: invaders possessed of such military science, might confidently assail the rude and undisciplined Irish, whose iraaghiary university of Tara, never exhibited an architectural monument to commemorate its existence. Very different con- isequences have resulted from the philosophy of Egypt, Tyre, Athens, Rome, and Palmyra. All the coast in this direction is iron bound, and the soil consists of a liglit covering thinly scattered on an immence mass of granite rock : lead ore is to be found here, which, accordiiig to Mr. Archer's report, had been formerly wrought. FOR IRELAND* Dalkeij Maud — Is separated from the main land, by a chan- nel about five hundred yards wide, called the sound of Datke3'5 which has never loss than eight fathoms of water, even at the lowest ebb of tide, and alFords a safe shelter for vessals, from the violence of the north-easterly winds ; the Island contains about eighteen acres, and its sw^eet herbage? is deemed excellent pasture for all kinds of cattle, especially sheep, which rapidly fatten here, and whose fles^h acquires a peculiar fine flavour ; its only ancient edifice is the ruins of an old church, and its only modern structure a martello tower, Killiny Hill — Is distant eight n:iles from the Castle, and ita lofty summit is adorned with an obelisk visible at an immense distance. The Dalkey road in continuation, laboriously .struggles by circuitous windings to ascend its frowning brow, which obsta- cle being surmounted, it then, in a serpentine course runs down its shaggy side, until it reaches a pleasant valley, and afterwards unites with the Bray-road, To every admirer of nature's boldest features, an excursion along this road must prove inexpressibly gratifying. According to Mr. Archer's au- thority, lead ore abounds here, and liad been wrought in the year 1751. The route from the junction of the Donnybrook and Rock roads to Bray, affords a pleasing variety of agreeable objects. The lofty mountains on the right, are thickly covered to a considerable altitude, with beautiful vallies enveloped in thriving plantations. On the azure bosom of the sea, on the left, may be seen numerous vessels, either peaceably gliding to their destined ports, or rudely tossed by the angry surge* The vicinity of Bray is enlivened by many delightful mansions, whose rich inhabitants have been attracted by the natural beauty of this romantic spot. Midway between the seventh and eiglith mile-stone, there is a cross road to the left ; a little farther on beyond Loughlins-town bridge, a cross road runs to the right, and beyond the eight mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left, at the nine mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right;, and another to the left, and near Bray, a cross road lead> to Powers-Court, and the Dargle. Granite is the only kind of stone to be found from the Rock to Bray in all directions, and there exists no prospect of this material being possibly exhausted ; the soil of the lofty summits is shallow^, poor and sterile, but the vallies are generally luxuriant, the natural consequence of disproportioned surfaces ; but such an under- taking as this excludes a discussion of the physical causes. The county of Dublin tenuinatcs at llie Bray l ivcr, and its gro^> NEW traveller's GUIDE and still imperfectly calculated population is estimated to amount to 170,000 individuals. This County returns two members to the Imperial Parliament; and the different Fairs held at various tewns and villiages will appear from the annexed table. Table of Fairs held in the County of Dublin each month annually. Places where held, Tallagh . . Luttrels-town Carrickmines 2 day: Skerries . Rush . . Garristown Lusk • . Balruddery Newcastle Swords Kelsalaghan Fields town Saggard . Tallagh . Rathfarnham Lusk . . St. Margaret! Skerries . Balruddery Garristown Palmers-town Ballymore Donnybrook Luttrels-town Kelsalaghan Tallagh . . Balbriggan . Rush . . . Newcastle Rathmichael Saggard . • Carrickmines 2 day Ballymore Garristown Saggard . Tallagh . Lusk . . Time, 1 Tues. of March 28 March 14 April 28 Do. . 1 May 5 Do. . 5 Do. 6 Do. 9 Do. 12 Do. Ascen. Thur Whit. Mon 1 thurs. after trin 7 July 25 21 10 Do. 14 Do. . 30 Do. . 10 August 12 Do. . 15 Do. . Do. . Do. . 26 Do. . 4 September 8 Do. . 16 Do. • 29 Do. . 29 Do. . 8 October 10 Do. . 10 Do. . 14 Do. • 29 Do. . 1 November 8 Do. 9 Do. 25 Do. sun Donnybrook Stillorgan Cabinteely - Distance from Dublin. Miles. 2 Bray 4 Black Rock . 6| Bray . Slack, Cattle Horses Horses Horses Cattle Cattle Horses Horses Horses Cattle Cattle Cattle Horses Horses Cattle Cattle Horses Horses Horses Horses Cattle Horses Cattle Horses Cattle Cattle Cattle Cattle Horses Miles. 10 4% 10 COUNTY OF WICKLOW. The County of Wicklow, is bounded on the south by the county of Wexford ; on the south west, by the county of Car- low ; on the west by the county of Kildare ; on the north by the county of Dublin ; and on the east, by St. George's Channel. It extends from north to south, thirty-two Irish miles, and from east to west, twenty-six Irish miles ; it contains 305,404 Irish acres. Its soil is as various as its surface is irregular ; it is divided into six baronies ; and fifty-eight parishes. Half Barony of Rathdomi. Newcastle Talbots-town Arklow Shilelagh half barony Ballinacor Parishes in the half Barony of BathdoW7u Bray, Kilmacenvoge, Delgany, Powerscourt. ROADS. Bray^ — Distant ten miles from the Castle of Dublin, and pleasantly situated on the southern steep bank of the Bray river, celebrated for its delicious trout, is much frequented in ih^ bathing season from its local attractions and its contiguity to the enchanting rural scenery with which this vicinage abounds, but as long as its harbour is suffered to remain destitute of either Quay or Pier for the accommodation of shipping, it must conti- nue a summer lodging and bathing station, for which purpose it is extremely well adapted, but can iiever enjoy the benefit deri* rOR IRELAND. ,vablefrom the establishment of a manufactory, requiring plenty of fuel cheaply conveyed by water. The Church is boldly situated on the verge of a steep and lofty bank overhanging the river, and near the Church is the Barrack: This is a post town; at the upper extremity of the town, the road branches into two sec- tions, one to the right, and the other to theleft: the latter (which is the present Mail Coach road) passes by Kilruddery, the Earl of Meath's romantic country residence, situated in a deep valley, overshadowed by lofty mountains of a dusky hue. In front of this mansion, that stupenduous mountain, Bray-Head, erects its rocky barren summit. On its sloping side, human industry is making a very rapid progress, by converting its barren heath into verdant meads and cultivated fields, teeming with a joyful harvest ; but its adamantine apex composed of toassy granite defies every effort of human art to make any farther encroach* mentor decoration on its primitive form. At the summit of Wind - gate-hill, a cross road on the right, leads to Temple Carrick, Belview, &c. and on the left, two bye roads lead to Gray, a noted fishing station, where a commodious harbour might be made for the shelter and accommodation of this most useful small craft, and even vessels of burden at a very inconsider- able expence. A refuge of such importance is very desirable on this dangerous coast. A very singular species of marble ha» been lately discovered here. At the thirteen mile stone, a diagonal cross road passes to the right, and at the fourteen mile stone, another cross road runs to the right, communicating with Delgany. The church of this place, situated in the vale, is a neat model of modern archi- tecture, decorated with an elegant lofty square steeple ; In this church is erected a superb monument to the memory of Mr. Latouche, a name supereminently distinguished in the annals of charitable benevolence. Parishes in the Barony of Newcastle. Kilcommon, Glanhely, Kilcool, Kildreny, Wicklow, Killoughter, Down, Rath new. Kilcool Village^ — Distant sixteen miles from the Castle of Dublin, appears very much decayed, and the scarcity of fuel materially contributes to increase the wretchedness of its mise- rable inhabitants, whose precarious existence, depending on the occasional refreshment of car-men and feeding of horses, wuU be 60 NEW traveller's GUIDE totally annihilated when the new Mail-coach road, running in a more horizontal direction, is finished. At the seventeen mile- Ktone, is a cross road to the right, and at the Black Bull, theNew- town Mount Kennedy road reunites. In the whole range of the country from the summit of Windgates-hill, the prospect to the right is a continued chain of mountains diversified with various shades and different tincts indelibly impressed by the irresistible power of nature, or superinduced by the dint of human industry. Here, a broken chasm, and there, a deep ravine occasionally heighten the sublime grandeur of the scenery. Innumerable streamlets issuing from the ouzings of the lofty mountains, tra- verse the road in their struggling efforts to reach their primitive parent, the wide expanded ocean: on the left, the prospect is an uninterrupted sea vievr. From the upper end of Bray, as already noticed, the road issuing on the riglit lea-ds to that romantic and enchanting spot, the Glen of the Downs, through this Glen the new line of the future mail coach road is to run. About a quarter of a mile on this side, of the twelve mile-stone, a cross road passes to iheright ; at the twelve mile-stone, another cross road runs to the right ; and at the fourteenth mile-stone, is a cross road to the left. This Glen, distant a little more than fourteen miles from the Castle of Dublin, is only sufficiently spacious to contain a road, and a gurgling streamlet, that gently murmurs along its side on a rocky bed, interspersed with pebbles, and shaded with the tender foliage of aquatic shrubs ; on the rig-ht, it is confined by the almost perpendicular side of a lofty mountain, from whose crevices and broken cliffs grow numerous oaks, so closely united as to conceal, by the thickness of their foliage, the rocks whence they issue; this green selvage fringes the steep ascent to a very considerable distance, and then the brown heath crowns its apex, intermingled with immense blocks of granite, majestically ex- hibiting their rustic splendour in rude magnificence. On the left, a steep and stupenduous mountain exhibits its apparently inaccessible brow, which however, has been divested of its primitive terrific aspect, by the plantations judiciously conceal- ing the original deformity of its naked rocks. The magnitude of the undertaking displays the liberality of a Latouche, whose superb mansion at Belvievv is as distinguished for charity, urbanity, and hospitality, as the extensive demesne is conspicu- ous for an innumerable variety of indescribable beauties, which, •when viewed, can only be sufficiently appreciated. At the fifteen mile-stone, a cross road on the left leads to Delgany, and about half a mile on this side of Newtown Mount Kennedy another cross road passes to the left, FOR IRELAND. NeijDtoXD7i Mount Kennedy^ — Distant seventeen miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a very pleasant village, which must even- tually increase in wealth and population, by its becoming a great thorough-fare for the mail coachei=, as a cheap and expeditious conveyance will induce multitudes to visit the romantic scenery with which this vicinage abounds, among which the late Lord Rossmore's improvements, and that natural curiosity, the Devil's Glen, are supereminently distinguished : through this chasm the river Vartrey falls with astonishing rapidity, above one hundred feet into the Glen« The road divides from this village; that on the left leads to the Black Bull, where it re- unites with the present Mail coach road, and another to the right. At the J,wentieth mile-stone, is the village of Killougliter, from which a diagonal cross road issues to the right, and a little farther on to the left, lies Clonmannon, through which demesne a private road leads to Wicklow on a long horizontal level, called the Murrow, which appears to have been formed of deposited pebbles insensibly accumulated, in the revolution of ages, from the agitated weaves incessantly rolling on this bleak shore during the violence of easterly storms. Near Newry Bridge, the river Vartrey and another stream, cross the road ajui fall into the Leitrim River, which winding under the flinty base of Wicklow Town, falls into the sea underneath the Black Castle. At the twenty second mile-stone, a cross road on the right leads by Rosenna to Rathdrum % and at the village of Rathnew, a cross road on the right leads to Arklow h\ Red Cross. WICKLOW TOWN. Wicklow Tbto??,— Distant twenty four miles from the Castle of Dublin, is boldly situated on the declivity of a lofty mountain, commanding an extensive prospect of Bray- Head, and all the intervening flat country lying in that direction. The Black Castle is a huge rock rising perpendicularly from the sea, on whose platform a castle seems to have been constructed, as appeal's from the few remaining fragments of the ruins still existing. A channel deeply cut into the solid rock, over which the draw- bridge was thrown, is still visible, and likewise steps chizeled down its side to communicate with the sea. Such are the vouchers which attest its former importance before the invention of gunpowder. Bow-men, archers, and slingers it might defy, but a few mortars planted on the commanding eminences, would very soon prove the ineflkacy of its semibarbarous 63 KEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE battlements. The bay of Wicklow is much exposed to north- eatyterly winds, but the harbour might be much improved by constructing a pier running from this rock, and forming a basin, at the mouth of the river, where vessels of burden might take shelter from the violent tempests which so frequently occur in the winter season. The church is pleasantly situated on this side of the town, on a very lofty eminence; it has a high square steeple, the goal, the c( urt-house, and the market-house, are modern edifices built at th.^ upper end of the town. About a mile south-east from the town are erected two Light-houses, contiguous, to each other, to warn the nocturnal wanderers of the boisti-- :ous ocean, that Wicklow head is not far distant. — This was a borough town previous to the Union, and sent two members to the Irish Parliament. On this side of the town, a road winding to the right by the chapel, leads to Arklow ; and from the upper extremity of the town, a road runs over a very steep and lofty hill, almost impassable for carriages. This elevated road, after traversing these regions, accessible only to horsemen, re-unites with the present Mail-coach road, about three miles beyond the town of Wicklow ; this mountainous route in its most elevated positions, commands a prospect only bounded by the horizon. Another cross road to the right, issues from the goal of Wicklow, passing over a steep hill, crosses the Mail-coach road about a mile beyond the town, and, by a cir- cuitous winding through the intervening mountains, leads to Ilathdrum. Parishes in the Barony of ArHow. Dunganstown, iBallydonnel, Kilpool, Castlemackadam, Enorelly, ' Kilbride, Arklow, Killahurler, Temple Michael. Ballintemple, Kilmacow, JROADS. At the twenty-seven mile-stone, on the present Mail-coach road, a cross road on the right leads to Dunganstown, &c. ; and about half a mile beyond the twenty-ninth mile- stone, there is a cross road to the right; a few perches on this side of the thirty-second mile-stone, there is another road to the right, FOR IRELAND. and at the thirty-fourth mile-stone, a cross road to the right. — From the village of Rathnew, situated a mile and an half on this side of Wicklow, a road branching off to the right runs to Arklow by Red Cross ; at the twenty-sixth mile-stone, on this road, a cross road runs to the right, and a little larther on, a cross road to the left leads to Dunganstown: between the twenty-seven and twenty-eighth mile-stone, a cross road passes to the right; and between the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth mile-stone, is a cross road to the right, and another to the left. Red Cross. — At the distance of twenty-nine miles from th-e Castle of Dublin, stands the village of Red Cross, situated at the base of a very lofty mountain ; from this village two cross roads issue, one to the right, and a little beyond the village, another to the left. The direct road to Arklow winds along the brow of this stupenduous hiil, commanding a boundless prospect of the distant sea, and the low cultivated vallies calmly reposing under the protection of its towering elevation. On this side of the thirty-second mile-stone, there is a cross road to the right, and another to the left ; and at the thirty- fourth mile- stone, a cross road to the right, running by the banks of the river Avoca ; it re-unites with the present Mail-coach road a few perches on this side of Arklow Brid^>^e. The new Mail-coach road will run between these two present routes, and will avoid the mutual inconveniences to which each is particularly and unavoidably exposed. A sketch of which it is expected to be procured. Arklow^ — Distant thirty-six miles from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the south side of the river Avoca, crossed by a bridge composed of nineteen arches. The Church is a newly erected structure. The barrack is situated on a gradually ascending eminence, at the western extremity of the town, extremely well secured in the rear by a deep, wide, and steep ravine, and flanked by the river, running in a parallel direction with the town; there are numerous fisher- men's cabbins, irregularly built on the wide extended flat intervening between the town and the sea: from this suburb of the village, an intricate communication meanders among the sand-hills until it arrives at the base of a rocky jTcrpen- dicular hill, abruptly commencingw^here these most extraordinary marine supersaturated sandy depositories terminate; which road leads to Courtown, along the sea-shore, as closely as the irregu- lar surface of the country will admit a pi oximity ; from the western extremity of the town, by the barracks, issues the road leading to Gorey. A judiciously conscructed pier 6i NEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE would render this town a place of considerable traffic, whence the internal wealth of the country might be readily conveyed by water, but alas, not even a shelter is afforded for the pro- tection of its numerous fishing boats, perpetually exposed to the inclemency df an irritable and turbulent sea ; truly the noble proprietors of the adjacent soil ought to exert their influence to remedy this local impediment to national pros- perity. Here nature has profusely scattered her bountiful mu- nificence, but, as yet, has received no coUatoral aid, support or assistance. At this town a body of rebels amounting to thirty-one thou- Ji^nd men, were defeated on the ninth of June 1798, by the royal army, commanded by General Needham, consisting of a fev/ regulars, the rest militia and yeomanry, but the whole not exceedin^r fifteen hundred men, accordino; to Sir Richard Musgrave*s history of this calamitous and desolating rebel- lion. A little above the town is a cross road to the right, and a little farther on, to the left, is the Charter- School. Beyond the beautiful demesne of Lamberton, another cross road runs to the right, and at the thirty eight mile stone, a cross road leads to the ri^^ht. At a little distance farther on, the county of Wicklow terminates in this direction. Miles, Bray ... 10 From Bray to Kilcool . 6 To Wicklow . . . 8 To Arklow . . -12 Miles. 10 16 24 36 On entering the County of Wicklow, by the Powerscourt- road, a singular curiosity presents itself to the view, called the Scalp, distant eight miles from the castle of Dublin ; this chasm, is imagined to have been caused by some violent con- cussion of nature, which has rent this mountain in twain ; but no theorist has ventured to conjecture, that this breach might have been effected by the dint of human labour, as this is the only horizontal communication with the rich and enchanting vallies, situated to the southward of this steep and perpendicular mountain, over whose transverse summit the formation of a road was imjjracticable ; and if Ireland had been as civilized in the remote periods of antiquity as repre- sented in the legends of Celtic antiquarians, such an effort of art, for so important a purpose, would exist a noble memorial of sagacity and industry, but whether our progenitors might overlook the advantages derivable from so direct a communica- f FOR IRELAND. 65 tioh, it is not a violation of probability to suppose that this gtupenduous operation might be projected by the eagle eyed sagacity of the Daiiisli conquerors, during their sway in Ire- land, and a recollection of these immense mounds, the work of their hands, still existing in this island, corroborates this novel conjecture. The wide aperture of this rent at the apex, diagonally narrowing to the bottom, where it is only wide enough for a road, savors more of human art than the majestic grandeur of nature's operations ; thus, might this singularity be explained without the intervening agency of either a geni, a giant, or a fairy. Nec Dens iiitersit^ nisi digniis vindice nodus. At some distance isouth east from the Scalp, are two conical lofty hills, called the Sugar-loaves ; how enchantingly would they appear, if planted with such timber as is adapted to such elevated situations ! A little farther on lies Enniskerry, a village distant ten miles from the Castle of Dublin. On the right is situated Powerscourt, the magnificent mansion of Lord Vis- count Powerscourt ; the front of the edifice consists of an extensive range of hewn-stone, ornamented with pilasters, and the demesne, containing about six hundred acres, is as taste- fully ornamented, as the great variety of natural advantages afforded opportunities of diversifying and decorating the origi- nal drapery of this enchanting rural scenery; on the opposite side of the river Dargle, is Charleville, the country residence of Lord Monck, which presents a luxuriance of rural beauties, and also, the fine lawns and shady w^oods of Tenehinch materially contribute to render this situation still more attractive and delightful to the imagination* The Dargle, situated about a mile beyond Powerscourt, and tw^elve miles from the Castle of Dublin, forms a kind of ampitheatre, encircled by the sides of two lofty mountahis, thickly covered with wood ; which you approach through a vast chasm formed between two masses of mountains ; the height of the precipice over which the water tumbles is immense, and whose constant roar, reverberating through the gloomy forest, by whose thick foliage it is obscured, must create sublime emotions : the water thus precipitated in this vast descent, angrily foams through an horizontal channel, running through a verdant valley, where it gradually assumes a more placid aspect, and then rolls v/ith ruftled serenity. Parishes in the Barony of Balhmacor, Derrylossery Rathdruui Glandelough Kilpipe 66 K^;W traveller's GUI0E At a little distance on this side of the fifteen mile-stone^ there is a cross road to the left, leading to Newtown ; near the sixteen mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right; and a little bej^ond the seventeen mile-stone, a cross road to the left. Farther on, a cross road runs to the right, and a few perches beyond the nineteen mile-stone, a cross road to the right. At a small distance, on this side of Rathdrum, stands the ruins of an old castle, to the right. Rathdriim^ — A very prosperous and thriving town, is dis- tant twenty five miles and three quarters from the castle of Dublin ; a Flannel fair is held here on the first monday of every month. The river Avon waters this town, there is a neat church erected here ; both the town and vicinage abound with a respectable and numerous Protestant population. Here a cross road to the right, leads to Shilelagh. A mile beyond Rathdrum, is situated Avondale on the banks of the river Avon, whose natural beauties have been embellished with every ornament which chaste and judicious art can bestow ; this vale extends more than two miles, exhibiting every possible variation of form ; imagination cannot paint a more pleasing scenery than the interval between Rathdrum and Arklow presents to gra- tify the fancy, as nothing can exceed its romantic grandeur and sublimity, enriched with luxuriant forests, which for the most part cover the declivities of steep mountains bounding this enchanting valley on either side : the confluence of the big and little Avon, called the Meeting of the Waters, which occurs about two miles and an half beyond Rathdrum, forms a delightful source of contemplative meditation : hence issues a cross road to the right, leading to Aghrim ; in some parts, a striking contrast is formed, by the savage appearance of wild and barren rocks, indicating the proximity of the rich copper mines, of Cronbane and Ballymurtagh, situated on different sides of the river, nearly opposite to each other; At some distance to the right, lies Croughan-mountain, so celebrated for its gold-mines, of which precious ore, the pea- santry collected in the bed and banks of the river issuing from this source of hidden treasure, two thousand, six hundred and sixty six ounces of gold, from the twenty fourth day of August, to the fifteentli day of October, in the year 1796, v/hen all furtlier search was prevented by the military taking- possession of the mountain, according to Mr. Frasers report of this transaction, in his Statistical Survey of the county of Wicklow. According to the same report, lead mines exist in T!)is vicinity. About the five mile- stone from Rathdrum, a FOR IRELAND. 67 cross road runs to the right, leading to the sequestered barony of Shilelagh. From the copper mines to Arklow, is a con- tinued chain of beautiful seats, situated on either side of the Avoca, among which Lord Carysfort's and Lord Wicklow's are supereminently conspicuous for splendor, beauty, grandeur, and magnificence. The new military road, as already noticed, was constructed to open a free communication through the frightful waste, wilds, and fastnesses, with which the barony of Ballynacor abounds, and which afforded shelter to an innumerable swarm of outlaws and rebels, for a considerable period after the rebellion of one thousand seven hundred and ninety eight had been effectually suppressed in every other quarter of the kingdom. Such a tract of country, therefore can afford no other variety of prospect than an uninterrupted succession of bogs, mountains, and morasses, whence issue all the con- siderable rivers which water this and the neighbouring coun- ties. The first object that occurs to relieve this dusky prospect, is that delightful sheet of w'ater. Lough- Bray, whose shores are embraced by stupenduous cliffs, overtopped w^ith lofty moun- tains ; the next is Lough-Tay, which forms a beautiful bason, about four miles in circumference, situated at the bottom of craggy mountains, one of which exhibits the appearance of an inaccessable precipice. The lake is the primitive parent of the classical Avoca, whence it commences its course, and proceeds to Loughdan, apparently mourning at the neglect of its romantic scenery ; hence it wdnds by Glandelough where it assumes the name of Avon, it then passes through the vale of Clara, which is covered with an extensive forest. Glandelough. — Or the seven Churches, is distant twenty four miles from the Castle of Dublin, according to the admeasure- ment of the Military Road ; this sequestered spot was original- ly an abbey founded and endowed by the ancient family of the O'Tools, then Lords, of Imail and aftervvards erected into a Bishoprick, and continued a distinct episcopal see, until the year one thousand two hundred and fourteen, when it w^as annexed to the diocese of Dublin, for this curious reason assigned, that although the holy church in the mountains w^as anciently held in great veneration on account of St. Kevin, who here led a solitary life, yet now it is become so waste and desolate, and has been so for forty years, that from a church, it has become a den, and nest of thieves and robbers; so that more murders are committed in that valley than in any other place in Ireland, occasioned by the direct solitude thereof! See Ledwidge's AiitiqidteSy page 183, Article^ Gendelmigh, 68 NEW traveler's guide Thus then the decay of this city is ascertained to have t^ken place long previously to its annexation to the see of Dublin, This singular spot, appropriated for melancholy musing, is surrounded on all sides, except the east, by stupenduous mountains, whose vast perpendicular height, throws a gloopi on the vale beneath, peculiarly calculated to inspire religous enthusiasm. The two lakes are separated by a rich meadow : at the w^est end of the upper lake, a cascade falls from the hills. The various cataracts bursting from the surrounding summits, unite their xtifFerent contributions in the valley, to increase the waters of the Avon. The ruins of the Seven Churches which formerly flourished here, are still visible ; here also is a round tower, one Imndred and ten feet high, and fifty two feet in circumference near the bottom, still in a high degree of preservation ; from Lough Shanahanfan, distant about thr^e miles, issues a stream named -St. Kevins Kieve, whicli falls into this valley, in this holy river, sickjy chil- dren are immersed bofore sun -rise, on Sundays and thursdays, and on St. Kevins day, being the third of June. The efficacy of such ablutions must depend on the peculiarity of indi- vidual constitutions, and the character of the infirmities. In a rocky prejection from the mountain, is St. Kevins bed, excavated from the solid rock ; the path leading to this terrific pilgrimage is steep, dangerous, narrow and difficult, and the least slip would precipitate the hazardous adventurer into the lake beneath. There are copper and lead ores discovered in this vicinity. The military road, in continuation is intended to unite with the cross road passing between Rathdrum and Baitinglass. Ap'hrim. — To the right from Rathdrum, a road runs to AMirim, situated on the river Derry, and distant thirty five miles from the Castle of Dublin. Another road to the right, issues from this direct communication between Rathdrum and Aghrim, le^Aiv.'y to Carysfort, a Borough, formerly returning twp members to Parliament, although it is now a hamlet. From Aghrim, a cross roa{l runs to the right, and another to the left: at the thirty seven mile-stone, the road from Arklow, to the left, unites with the road leading from Aghrim to Tinehaley, distant forty one i?iiles from the Castle of Dublin. Blessington^ — ^A neat little town, pleasantly situated on a rising ground, near the river Liffy, and distant fourteen miles from the Castle, has a handsome modern built church to the left, vvith a lofty srjuare steeple, contiguous to which FOR IRELAND. 69 i§ a comfortable parsonage house ; on the right stood the beautiful mansion of the most noble the Marquis of Down- shire, delightfully situated in a fine park; this habitation was consumed in the exterminating rebellion of one thou- sand seven hundred and ninety eight, and has never since been rebuilt. This town, previous to the union, returned two members to the Irish Parliament, and from it a cross road runs to the left, leading to Ballyboys, and a little farther on<> a cross road to the right leads to Naas^ Parishes in the Barony of Tcdhots 2^oi>:n, Hollywood, Boystown, Burgage, 33onoughmore, Donard, ROADS. At the sixteen mile-stone, on the left, is situated Rus-» borough, the magnificent mansion of the Earl of Milltown ; the front of the house and offices form an extensive facade of hewn stone ; the colonade is ornamented with pilasters of the Corinthian and Ionic orders ; the whole riange extends near seven hundred feet, the apartments are correspondently spacious, and suitably furnished ; here is a valuable collec- tion of paintings, the best prodifctions of the most celebrated masters. Balli/more Eustace^ — Distant seventeen miles and an lialf from the Castle of Dublin is pleasantly situated on the Dublin side of the Lifify, over which a bridge communicates with the county of Wicklow. Here are the ruins of a church, on a high eminence overhanging the village, where a square lofly steeple remains entire. A cross road to the right leads to Naas ; near this village, is a grand water-fall, formed by the Liffy, called Poll-a-phuca : the various plantations and o ravel- walks which encircle this natural curiosity render it a pleasant recreation, and it is therefore much frequented in the summer sea- son by fashionable parties. At the nineteen mile-stone there is 2 cross road to the right leading to Dunlaven, distant twenty- Dunlavin, Tubber, Crehelp, Dunbry, Friendstown, Ballinurc, Killigan, Baltinglass^ Rathsallagh, Bellegaiu 70 KEW traveller's GUIDE two miles from the Castle of Dublin, and another to the left. At this place there was a shooting lodge, of the most noble the Marquis of Waterford, which was burnt in the rebellion of 1798. At the twenty- third mile-stone, there are two diagonal cross roads inclining right and left: at the twenty four mile-stone there is a cross road to the right communi- cating with Dunlavin, and on this side of the twenty five mile-stone, there is a cross road to the right. Stradford on Slaney^ — Distant twenty six miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the banks of that river; it has a very thriving cotton-manufactory, which employs a numerous population. BalfinglasSy — A populous town, distant twenty nine miles and a quarter, from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situa- ated on the river Slaney; there are some druidical altars, and other monuments of heathenish superstition still exis- ting about this town. Here are the ruins of a fine old abbey, and also a venerable castle, A Parliament was formerly held in this town, and before the union, it j'eturned two members to the Irish Parliament. It carries on a considerable trade, by the manufacturing of linen, woolen, diaper and other articles. The County of Wicklow, terminates at the thirty first mile- Stone in this direction. Miles. Miies. Blessington . . 14? Ballymore Eustace . 3| 17| Stradford on Slaney . 8| 26^ Baltinglass . . 3 294: Parishes in the Barony of Shilelagh. Aghold, J Mullinacuff, Liscolman, Carnew. ROADS. From Tinehaley, the road branches into two sections, that to the right leads to TuUow, and the one to the left to Hillbrook ; from the Tullow road to the left, issues a cross road near the forty-four mile-stone, leading to Carnew, forty si:; miles and an half from the Castle of Dublin; here are tOR IRELAND, 71 the ruins of an old church. From Carnev/ two roads issue, one to the left and another to the right, running along the Wicklow side of the river Derry, crossing Tinehaley river, which falls into the Derry river about two miles beyond Carnew. Shilelagh village, situated on the right branch of the road issuing from Tinehaly, and ramifying, right and left, near the forty four mile-stone, is distant forty five-miles from the Castle of Dublin. The Carnew and Shilelagh roads reunite at the forty eighth mile-stone, and the county of Wicklow terminates at the forty ninth mile-stone. The prevailing soils in the low grounds under the mountains, are clayey loam, varying to the gravelly and heathy soils on the sides of the hills and higher grounds; in some of the low grounds, and in the mountains to a great extent, the boggy soil prevails; it is as remarkable for its mines as Ida in days of yore for its numerous fountains. The eastern valley bordering on the sea, is esteemed the most fertile as it is unquestionably the most delightful ; there is abundance of marl found in deep pits in several places: the m.aterials for lime must be impor- ted, or brought from the county of Carlow, at an enormous expence, by land carriage ; a circumstance that materially retards agricultural improvements. The barony of Balinacor is almost a desert, and a great portion of the barony of Talf botstown is waste and unproductive, which may be justly computed to constitute one third of the county : the prevail- ing stone is granite. Tinehaley Carnew ( Miles. ) ( Miles. ) 38 8 46 The Population is estimated at about fifty eight thousand. 72 NEW TRAVELLERS GUIDE Table of Fairs held in the County of WkJclotO) each month annually* places where heid* Rathdrum Tinehaley Downs Coolboy • Coolkenno Kilrenala Hollywood Rathdrum Baltinglass Tinehaley Calary Carnew . Rathdrum Coolalin . Dunlavin Rathdrum Coolboy . Baltinglas» Red cross Tinehaley Wicklow Newcastle Carnew • Rathdrum Ballinderry Newtown S trad ford on Slaney Ashford . Coolboy . the 7 5 Time. Jan. 4 6 12 27 Feb. 1 1 1 1 2 7 12 18 18 26 Bray Mar. 1 iFlan 10 17 17 24 28 1 1 5 19 20 21 27 28 May. 1 I laces where held. Time, V_^UUJ KtllllU • • • 1 Hollywood • • • 3 Rathdrum « • • 3 Flan Donard • . . • 4 Jl_/WVVX1o • • • • 6 Xl/t-ClUlU&O • • • f5 \j 1 iriPnn!<^\T JL illvTilctiv^y • • • 3 rs fi 1 fi n n* m c«a JL>Cll tilJi^lClod • • » 12 Blessington • • • 12 V^iwllXL#>V • • • • 12 \_>cH IJCVY • • • • 13 A T*lrlnw xxllvivJW • • • • 14 Ballenderry • . 16 Templetown . . 20 X^UlllclVcII • • • 25 ■ nr\l oil i^Y\ 26 VV ILylVHJVV • • • 27 j^ciiiC/iiijiCL 1 y • • • 31 J 11 71 e T» n ill rl I'll Til 7Flaa Kilcool . . . 7 Macredon . . . 7 Afi'hrim • . • . 22 r^nnlliov - - . v,> \J^JIkj\J y • . . . 23 AsjhffirH .... 24 1 1 n p» n Q f f^\T « - . X ilidicticy • • • 30 July. 1 1 f 1 n rr 1 o c c J.JclLLllJL' Iclibia • • • o \ VvtHlXCVv • • • • 1 Blessington • • • 5 Rathdrum . . . 5 i.> cWCtlfeHc • • • IK) Rathdrum . . • 12Fhm Dunlavin . . . 16 Templestown • . 26 Coolboy .... 2§ fOR IRELAND. 73 Places where held. Coolkenno Hollywood Rathdrum Dowries . lledcross Tinehaley Arklow • Donard , Wicklovv Carnew , Danlaven Balleriderry Collaten Newcastle Kilcool Katlisallah Rathdrum Stradford on Slaney Ashford . Baltinglass Tern pies town Bray Coolboy . Arklow , Carnew . Cronrow Rathdrum Places where held, Tinehaley Rathdrum Dunlaven Coolboy Newtown Ballenderry Coolkenno . Hollywood , Rathdrum . Tinehaley Templestown Ballenderry Blessington Downs Macredden Arklow . Carnew . Aghrim . Wicklow Coollaten Newcastle Rathdrum Baltingiass Rathdrum Coolboy Ashford Ballenderry Aghrim Carnew Time. 6 10 19 27 29 29 1 iFlan 7 8 8 12 12 12 15 18 22 25 26 Dec. 6 6 Flan 8 11 15 16 21 21 22 COUNTY OF WEXFOlia The County of Wexford — Is bounded on the East, by St. George's Channel ; on the South by Waterford Bay ; on the South-west by the County of Kilkenny ; on the West by the County of Carlow r and on the North by the County of Wick- low. This County extends thirty-eight Irish miles in length, and twenty-four Irish miles in breadth. It contains 315,396 Irish plantation acres, and is divided into eight Baionies, and a hundred and forty-two. Parishes, with two Boroughs; namely, Wexford and New Ross, each of which return one member ta the United Parliament. It forms almost a peninsula, being separated from the Counties of Waterford and Kilkenny by the deep and navigable streams of the Nore and Barrow ; and from the Counties of Carlow and Wicklow, by formidable ranges of stupenduous mountains, through which there are only two passes, one by the sea-side at Arklow, and another by Scullough Gap, to the County of Carlow. This County situated contiguous to the principality of Wales, and nearly opposite to the mouth of the British Channel, presented great advantages to the British invaders of Ireland^ in the reign of Henry the II.,* who, after their first victories over the natives, selected the County of Wexford from its natu- ral strength, for the residence of the first English colonists tliat established themselves in this island. Respecting its rela- tive fertility, the maritime districts are the most productive^ Names of Baronies, Gorey^ Ballaheen, Scarewalsh, Bantry, Shelmaliere, Forth, Bargie, Shelburne. FOR IRELAND^ uTid possess the greatest facility of procuring the necessary requisites for additional improvement. The Baronies of Fortli and Bargie, divided from the west of the County, by a cham of mountains, named the Mountains of Forth, are cousidered the most fruitful, and abound with marl and other manures. The remainder of the County is interspersed with single 'mountains of considerable elevation-. To Gorei/f by ArHow. (Miles,) From Arklow to Gorey . 9| Oorey 4'5| Parishes in the Barony of Gorey. Inch, Kilgorman, Ballycanow, Cross Patrick, Gorey, or Newboro, Kilcomb, Kilkevin, Kilnahue, KiltenueL Kilturk, Liskenfore, Tomb, Killenorco ROADS. The sea-coast road from Arklow, as already noticed, runs in a parallel direction with the mail-coach » road, with yvhich it communicates by cross roads intersecting it at conveniint dis- tances; it passes along the brow of Tara-Hill, and then inclines lo the left, winding by the demesne of Lord Couvtown. It then passes by Donoughmore, and afterwards traverses the sand banks until it re-unites with the mail-coach road at the village of Kilmuckridge. On entering the county of Wexford, the road forks into two branches, that to the left, leads to Gorey, by Castlestown, and that to the right, to Coolgreney, which is the road at present chosen by the mail-coach. A little beyond the forty- second mile-stone, there is a cross road to thr right, and another to the left ; and a little beyond the forty-fourth mile- stone, is a diagonal cross road to the right, near the town of Gorey, from whence a cross road issues to the right, leading to Carnew, and another to the left, leading to Courtown; a pleasant brook winds along the town, which was a Borough New traveller\s gvihe previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Par- ament. Tfiis town was plundered, and such ill-fated Pi )tc»st mt inhabitants as could not immediately accompany the retreating arnw, after Colonel WalpooPs defeat at Tubberneer- ing, on the fourth of June, 1798, were most inhumanly butchered by the rebels, and their habitations levelled with the ground. Sir Richard Musgrave, in his historical narrative of these fanatical atrocities, pajre 500, says that the Protestant church was the first object of their implacable animosity, which they completely dis r'antled. The magnificent mansion of Ramsfort and the beautiful residence at Clonnttin, were consumed in the paroxism of this exterminating frenzy, and which habitations have never since been rebuilt. Thus many noblemen, and gentlemen, have been unvoluntarily constrained to take shelter in the sister kingdom, where their persons are secure from a similar recurrence of such barbarous outrages. At the forty-six mile-stone, a little beyond the town, the road branches into two sections, that to the rin^ht, leading to Enniscorthy and that to the left, running direct to Wex- ford. Parishes in the Barony of Balaheen* Ballyhuscard, Edermine, Kilcormuck, Kilnamana, Monomoling, Templeshannon, Bailyvalden, Kilmalog, Ardamine, Castle- Ellis, Donoughmorc, Kiilancooly, KWeWy, _ Killinagh^ Killesk, Kilmocrisli, St. Nicholas^ Skryne. ROADS. At abbut a quarter of a mile on this side of the fiftieth mile- stone, a cross road runs to the riofht, communicatino: with tlic Enniscorthy road, and another to the left leading toKilliny: at about half a mile beyond tlie fifty-first mile-stone, a crosb road runs to the right, and a little farther on another to tlie left ; at the fifty-third mile-stone, a cros-s road to the right leads to Ferns; and mid-way between the fifty-fourth and fifty-fifth mile stones, a cross road to the right leads to Ferns ; and "beyond the fifty-sixth mile-stone there is a cross rond to the FOR IRELAKD, right, leading to Enniscortliy ; at the fifty sixth mile-stone there is a cross rond to the left; at the fifty-seventh mile stone, a cress road to the right, leads to the village of Oulart, where the gallant Colonel Foot, with a chosen band of wai riors, selected from the North-Cork militia, consisting of one hundred men, after pcilbrming prodigies of vaionr, displayi^.g tieroic intrepidity, and killing a vast number of the rel)<:'!s, v/ere finally sui rounded and destroyed, except their hrave commander, one sergeant, and three privates. 1 he number of rebels collected in this engagement, is ascertained to have exceeded five thousand bigotted fanatics. This unfortunate event took place on Whit-Sunday, the 27th of May, 1798; for particulars of concomitant cruelties, barbarities, and assassinations w^antonly perpetrated, See Miisgrave's History^ V^c>^' ^--^'^'5 ^'^^ Sequel Detail, Vol. 1st. At an inconsiderable distance on this side of the fifty -nintii mile-stone, there is a cross road to the 3'ight, leading to Ennis- cortliy, and another to the left, leading by Castle Ellis church; at the sixtieth mile-stone, there are two cross roads running right and left ; at the sixty-first rnile-stone, a cross road runs to the right, leading to Enniscorthy, and anotlier to the left, runs to New^-fort, and a little beyond tlie sixty-second mile- f.tone, there are two diagonal cross roads, diverging right and left. At Castle BridgCg situated at the forty-fourth miie'Stono, a cross road passes to the right, communicating with tlie Ennis-* corthy road. The church is situated on the left of this village, and at the sixty-sixth mile-stone, the road ternsi nates on this side of the wooden bridge, erected to lead directly into the town of Wexford ; in this distance, intervening between Gorey and Wexford, many fine streamlets intersect the road, although not dignified with any particular appellatives, to discriminate their positions. Gorey • • , Ballycanoo . • . Wells , . . Kyle . . , Wexford . . . The road leading from Gorey to Enniscorthy. as ali-eady noticed, bx-anches to the right at the forty-sixth niiie-stone ; at the forty-eighdi mile stone, to the right, are situated Cioug|> church, and a cross road to the left. ( Miles. ) 45f 4 49i 5 54|- it 56 66 i NEW TKAVELLEr's GUIDE Parishes in the Barony of Scare^joalsh, Thelrush, Rossmenogiie, Ferns, May comb, Tempi eshanbougb. Maudlin. Newtown-Barry, Enniscorthy, At tne fifty-first mile-stone, is Camolen-bridge, over tlie river Ban; here two cross loads run to the right, the one leading through Money Seed, and the other from Coolboy and Carnew, county of Wicklow, conterminate and merge into the mail-coach road ; a little farther on to the right, lies the church, adjoining Camolen Park, thebeautiful demesne and residence of Earl Mountmorris. A cross road runs to the left, and at the fifty-fourth mile-stone, is situated Ferns; here twocross roads run right and left. It is conjec- tured that the ancient City of Menapia, mentioned by Ptolemy, was erected on the scite where Ferns now stands, it is a Bishops see. On the right as you enter the town, ar^^the ruins of an abbey, where Dermot, King of Leinster, concealed himself from the fury of his rebellious subjects, on his return from soliciting foreign succour, to reinstate him in his dominions, until their arrival. From this period the history of Irish transactions becomes a blended narrative, commixed with the subsequent events which have since occurred in the stupenduous revolutions cf that great nation, to which it is inseparably annexed. On the left stands the Episcopal Palace, an elegant modern edifice; on this side also are the ruins of an old castle. The ruins of an old church still exist, built of brown slaty stone. The Cathedral refitted and repaired in the modern stile, stands in the centre of the town. The river Ban, runs at the back of the town to the left, and continues its course in a parallel direction with the mail-coach ro^d, until it empties itself into the Slaney, a little to the left of Scarewalsh Bridge. This town was sacked and pillaged by the rebels of 1798 ; it is a curious coincidence of calamities, that this town was similarly treated by the rebels of IG^l. A rebel taken in arms, near Scarewalsh Bridge, in the month of June, 1798, being asked, why the rebels did not consume the Bishop's Palace, after they had plundered it, he answered, that Father John Murphy of Boulavogue, meant to keep it for himself. Sec Musgrave's History ^ Page 415, Vol. i. To CIo7iegaly by Tinehaley. Clonegal (Miles.) 9\ I 47| FOR IRELAND. 70 ftn entering the County of Wexford, by Clonegal, distant from Tinehaley nine miles and a half, and forty-seven mile.9 and a half from the Castle of Dublin ; at three miles distance from this village, are the ruins of llyland and Clohan Castles., From Clonegal, a cross road to the right, leads to Loughliii Bridge ; the direct road leading to Enniscorthy, runs to the left of the river Slaney, at Ballana Park, it is intersected by two cross roads, that to the right leading to Newtown Barry, and another to the left communicating with the Carnew road. At Clobemon a cross road to the left leads by Tombrac cross to Ferns ; at Ballycarney Bridge is a cross road running right and left ; and at Scarewalsh Bridge it meets the Ferns mail- coach road, then crosses the river Ban, and thence proceeds by Salsboro, until it terminates at Enniscorthy. Nt'wtowfi Barnjj — Situated on the banks of the Slaney, is dis- tant forty seven miles from the Castle of Dublin ; from this town three cross roads issue to the right, that next the river leads to the Loughlin's bridge road, the centre cross road to Tullow, and the upper cross road runs by Kilmichael to New Ross. This tow^n w^as attacked on the first of June 17^v8, by a strong body of rebels, movinfir in two columns, on either side of the river Slaney, from which they were repulsed with prodigious slaughter, by a detachment of the King's County Militia, commanded by Colonel Lestrange: the few yeomanry engaged in this action dis- played singular valour, (see Musgrave's Narrative). On the right of this tow^n issituated these stupenduous r roun tains called Mount Leinster, Carnerag, and Black Stairs, which divide the coun- ty of Carlow from Wexford. The only communication through this inaccessible range of lofty mountains, is by Scullagh Gap, passing between Carnbrag, and Black Stairs; three crossroad-; issue from the Enniscorthy road, between Newtow^i Barry and Scarev/alsh bridge to the right, to facilitate a communication with the road leading from Newtown Barry to New Ross. From Scarewalsh bridge the road runs on the right of the river Slaney, until it terminates at Enniscorthy, distant twelve miles from Newtov^n Barry. (Miles.) Newtown- Barry . . . • . j 47 To Enniscorthy by New town-Barry 12 j 59 Enniscorthi/. — The town of Enniscorthy is pleasantly situated on both sides of the river Slaney, over which a stone bridge composed of six arches is erected; it w^as a borough town pre- 80 t^EW TKVELLEU'S GUlQt vious to the uinon, and returned two members to the Irish PaHia« ment^ the market house, the town house, and principal streets^ are situated on the right side of the river. Two suburbs named Temple Shannon and Drumgold, are situated on the left side of the river, at the foot of Vinen;ar Hi)!, quite close to the town ; the tide ebbs and flows up to it, which renders the river navi- gable for barges of considerable burden, which circumstance renders it a place of some trade. On m.onday morning the 28tlj day of May 1798, it was attacked by a strong co- lumn of rebels amounting to between six and seven thousand men, who were most gallantly encountered by a very feeble garrison, composed of militia detachments, and a few yeomanry corps, the whole not exceeding three hundred effective men, who after sustaining an une(jual conflict against such a superior number, the most part of the day, daring vrhich engagement, after having atchieved prodigies of valour, this gallant little band was reluctantly constrained to retire to Wexford, lest it might be surrounded in the night by so overwhelming a mukitude ; the cruelties, murders, and massacres committed by tliis fanatic rabble, on the unoffending Protestant victims, that were imn:io- jated at the sanguinary shrine of remorseless bigotry, and en- thusiastic fury, almost exceed the limits of credibility; and cha- rity would fidn discredit such horrible transactions, were it possible to resist the irrefragible testimony of the melanchly re- cords verifying the reality — what atrocious barbarities, super- stition and enthusiasm can perpetrate ! After the rebels had taken possession of the town, the first ebullition of their fury v/as directed atrainst the church, which they immediately dis- mantled, and burned all the combustible materials before the door; next the houses of the Protestants were rifHed, and their remaining inmates butchered. Vinegar Flill impending over the tov/n, from its very elevated situation, was selected as a proper position for an encampment, which was fortified in the best manner that ignorance and inexperience could devise; here aa army of ten thousand rebels was stationed until the 21st day of June 1798, v/hen they were totally defeated, roured and dis- persed, and would have been entirely annihilated, could General Needham have arrived at the critical moment, to occupy the post allotted for his co-operation: Sir Richard Musgrave cal- culates, and produces vouchers in confirniation of the allega- tion, that five hundred loyal protestants Vv'ere massacred at En- niscorthy, and Vinegar Hill, while the rebels remained masters of both places. Such are the tragical consequences uniformily resulting from fanaticism, \vher:over it usurps the immaculate FOR IRELAND. 81 throne of pure religion ; it extinguishes every noble sentiment and generous feeling of which the human heart is susceptible. The soul sickens at the recital of such intellectual debasement, degradation, and depravity ; but alas, this does not exist a solitary specimen of that popular frenzy v/hich occurred in the county of Wexford. Two roads lead from Enniscorthy to Wexford ; the road running on the left bank of the river terminates at Car- rickferry, distant about a mile and an half from Wexford, the cross roads issuing from the direct road leading from Gorey to Wexford terminate on this road in nearly equal distances, at which their diverging points to the right have been already no-- ticed. From the road running to the right bank of the Slaney be- tween Enniscorthy and W exford, at the sixty-first mile-stone two cross roads diverge to the right in opposite diagonal directions. At the sixty-four mile-stone a cross road runs to the right ; at the sixty-five mile-stone a cross road leads to the right ; at the sixty-seventh mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right; and a little distance on this side of the seventy-first mile-stone the road forks into two branches, that on the left leading to Carrickferry, and that on the right, running by a more circuitous route to the town of Wexford, from which section, at the distance of two miles from the town of Wexford, a direct road issues communi- cating with New Ross. Many considerable streams issuing from the mountains, in their progress to the Slaney, intersect this beautiful road running on its right bank between Enniscorthy and Wexford, and most materially contribute to ornament and di- versify this intervening romantic scenery, enchantingly bespan- gled with tastefully cultivated demesnes, and magnificent man- fiions, negligently dispersed on either bank of the river. Enniscorthy Wexford 11 N. B. The road from Dublin to Wexford by Enniscorthy, is more circuitious by five miles than the road directly leading from Gorey by Broadferry to Wexford. (MUes,) 60 71 Parislies in the Barony of Bantry. Adams-town Ballyane Carnagh Clough Killan Kilcommon Old Ross Rossdroit Saint John Templescobbin M Whitechurch Glynn Clenmore New Ross Downoney Kilscanlan 82 MEW TRAVELLERS iS^UlDIT ROADS. On the roacl leadiiig from Enniscorthy, to New-Ross, at the third mile-stone, two cross roads diverge right and left, and at the four mile-stone, are the ruins of an old church to the left; at the five mile-stone a cross road to the left leads to Fooks-miil, and at the distance of nine miles and an half from Enniscorthy stands Old Ross, sixty-three miles from the Castle of Dublin, from whence two cross roads issue to the left, one leading by Carrickburns and Sculabogue to Taghmon, and the other, in a more southerly direction to Kilscanlan. Carrick- burne rock is memorable for being the scite of a rebel encamp- ment in the sanguinary rebellion of 1798, contiguous to which stands Scullabogue, a name v/hicli must inspire sensations of horror at the massacre committed on the helpless Protestant , prisoners confined in a barn which was converted into a tern.- porary prison. One hundred and eighty four victims were consumed in the flames, when the barn vras purposely destroyed to accomplish this diabolical purpose, and thirty-seven were shot before the barn door, as recorded in Musgrave's memoirs of this cruel, barbarous and atrocious waste of human lifej, through the fanatical zeal of bigoted enthusiasm, which affixes- an indelible disgi'ace on human naturco Enniscorthy * , To New Ross 15 New Ross by Enniscorthy . . • New Ross by Ballyburris . . . . (Miles.) 60 75- 67 New-Ross^ — Pleasantly situated on a large stream, formed by the junction of the Nore and Barrow; is distant fifteen miles south wTst of Enniscorthy, and sixty seven miles from the Gastle of Dublin* by the Ballyburris road ; it communicates by means of a wooden bridge, with the county of Kilkenny. The navigation up to this town is very good, as vessels of four hundred tons burden, can lie close to the quay. Such natural advantages en- sure a very considerable export trade ; it was formerly a place of great strength, being surrounded with high walls, towers and bastions ; however it made a very feeble resistance against Cromwell, although defended by Lord Taaffe, an able general and a numerous garrison. Before the Reformation it abounded rOR IRELAND. T.itli religious houses, some of whose ruins still remain. It re- turns one member to the Imperial Parliament. On the filth day of June, 1798, this town was furiously attacked by an immense body ot rebles commanded by Beecham B Hai vey; the garrison made a most determined und heroic resistance, though with various reverses and fluctuations of success, during the continu - ance of this arduous struggle against a most alarming dispro- portion ot physical superiority. This combat lasted the whole day, and the rebels were at length repulsed in every direction, ivith immense carnage. The defence was judiciously projected and bravely conducted by General Johnston, but this bri]-=. liant victory w^as clouded by the dealh of a most amiable noble man. Lord Mount-joy*, who fell early in the action, bravely com- bating the enemies of his sovereign, at the head of his regiment, the Dublin Militia. The different cross ror^ds issuino; from Clone- gal, Newtown- Barry, and Sculagh-gap, conterminate in tlieir approaches near this town, and unite here. A road issues to the right, passing by Polemont Hill, and runs to Baiiyburi is, from this a road branches to Mountgarret-ferry, distant two miles from New-Ross. Two roads issue to the left from New- Ross, one running close by the river on the Wexford side, leads to Ballinlaw-ferry, the next, passing by Corbie Hill, runs to- wards Tentrim. ParisheG in ike Barony of Shilmaliere^ Arcandrisk, Atraniont, Carrick, -Cooktuffe, Hoaretown, Kilgaroen, Tagil mon. Bally heague. Bally netty, Chapelcarron, Inch, Kilbride, Killurin, Tikillen, ArdcavaUj Ardcolm, Ballyingly, Ballylennauj Clongeen, Kilpatrick, Saint Marn-are-t. * It is a singular circumstance, that Lord Mountjoy when a commoner, and representative for the County of Dublin, was the first mover for relaxing of the penal code against CathoUcs, which motion was seconded by John O'Neil, tnen represen- tative for the County of Antrim, afterwards Lord O'Neil, and that these tvro noblemen w ere the only considerable loyal personages who fell in this rebellion ; for particulars of Lord O' Neil's masacre — see Musgravc's Na>ntive Arttde Antrim. — Popish policy or superstition, would attribute sucli a coincidence of shnilar disasters to the intervention of supernatural agency, had these exalted and illubtricus perso- nages been as activive to oppose, as they were zealous to support their pretensions. See tlw speeches of the demagogue on the vmtimely death of Mr. Perceval 84 NBW THAVELLfiR's GUIDE Taghnon^ — Situated on the direct road communicating b«* tween Wexford- town and New-Ross, is distant seven miles from Wexford, and eighty-two miles from the Castle of Dublin by theEnniscorthy roard. All the intervening cross roads, to the right communicate with the direct road passing between Ennis- corthy and New^-Hoss; and those to the left, communicate with the direct road passmg from Enniscorthy to Wexford, on the right bank of the Slaney. This village was a borough previ- ous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parlia- ment ; the direct road from Taghmon runs to the village o fBally- nitty, and a cross road to the left runs by Harpurstown towllay- Scarr-Cross. Miles. Enniscorthy, , • , I 69| Taghmon, . . . . 12| | 82 Parishes in the Barony of Forth, Maglass, Kilscoran, Ishmartmon, Ballimore, Rathapsic, Killian, Ballybrenan, Rosslare, Kilmacree, Carne, Tacumshin, Lady's Island, Drinaugh, Rathmacnee, St. Margaret, Kildavin, St. Helen, St. Michael, Killinick. St. Iberius, Wexford^ — A seaport, borough, assizes and market town, sit- uated on a bay of the Irish Channel, at the mouth of the river Slaney, is governed by a Mayor, Recorder and Bailiffs ; it gives title to the noble family of Talbot, and returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. It was originally built by the Danes, who named it Wessford, and it was formerly considered a place of strength, being inclosed by very thick walls, some of which are still remaining ; there are some handsome buildings ; on the scite of the old castle the barracks are erected, commanding an extensive view of the harbour ; the church situated in the main street, is an elegant modern structure; the market and court hou- ses are likewise tasteful new edifices ; but the chief ornament of Wexford is its w ooden bridge thrown over an arm of the sea two thousand one hundred feet long, where insurmountable diffi- culties baffled all the efforts of art to form a stone bridge : this is a favourite promonade, and is as delightfully calculated for » rOR IRELAND. 85 pleasant recreation, as it constitutes an useful communication ; the Harbour, though spacious, is shallow, and formed by two necks of land, between which there is an entrance about half a mile broad, which was formerly defended by two forts erected at the extremity of each isthmus, called fort Margaret and fort Ross- lare ; the mouth of the harbour is choaked with a bar and there- fore no vessel, drawing more than twelve feet water, can pass to the town. The English invaders wrested this town from the Danes after a siege of lour days, on the fourth of May 1 170. This town was likewise besieged by Cromwell, on the first of October 1649, and having been betrayed by Captain James Staflbrd Comman» (Jant of the Castle, it was stormed, when iSir Edward Butler, the governor, with two thousand soldiers, were put to the sword. It is irregularly built, and the streets are narrow. There wei c four religious houses established here previous to the Reformation: the trade of Wexford is inconsiderable in consequence of local ob- stacles ; its chief trafRc consists in exporting malt, barley, beer, beef, hides, butter and tallow. The town and its suburbs contain geven Parishes; those in the suburbs are St. John's, St. Michaers and St. Peters: it was evacuated by the King's forces on the thir- tieth of May 1798 in consequence of the defeat of some detach- ments sent to reinforce the feeble garrison in the defiles ol the ad- jacent mountains which were well known to the rebel leaders, an event that threw the loyal inhabitants into the deepest despon- dency and the utmost consternation, from the too well founded ap- prehensions of their subsequent niiseries. They were tortured with every cruelty, that the savage barbarity of an inebriated and ungovernable rabble could inflict, over whose actions their no- minal 1 ommanders retained little or no control, whenever their mandates militated against their deep rooted prejudices and bi- goted animosity : — an awful warning to demagogues, whose va- nity aspires to inculcate revolutionary maxims of equality, from the base and selfish motives of acquiring personal aggrandize- ment in the turbulence and tempest of insurrection. To detail all the horrid scenes which occured, and to recount all the massa- cres committed during the short interval that this ill fated town remained in the possession of these ferocious barbarians, utterly unworthy to be denominated Christians, is abhorent to human feelings ; suffice it summarily to state, that this fanatical rabble resolved on the 20th day of June, to make a general slaughter of all the Protestant prisoners then confined in the goal of Wex- ford, which diabolical resolution was actually put in execution on the bridge, where ninety-seven ujioflending victims were sa- icrificed to the unrelenting ajumosity of religious fury : the mode KEw traveller's Guira of execution, as recorded in Musgrave's narrative of these ati^o- cious cruelties, was to drag the devoted victims from the Goal^ in lots consisting of from ten to twenty individuals together, pre- ceded by a black flag, and strongly guarded to the place of ex- ecution, where two rebels selected for this shocking duty, imme- diately thrust two pikes into the victim's breast, while two others perforated him in the back, and v/ith their united force, suspen- ded him thus transpierced, writhing in all the agonies of torture, until death terminated his sufferings^ when immediately the bo- dy was precipitated into the water. That such unrelenting animo- sity should thus steel the illiterate peasant's heart, not other- wise devoid of generosity, and humanity against his fellow creature, merely for a difference in the mode of religious wor- ship, must be solely attributed to the dangerous doctrine of exclusive salvation usurped by the Church of Rome, which arrogates, the monstrous prerogative of being the only organ of dispensing salvation to such Christians as remain within the pale of its communion* Such delusions may increase the influence, and exexalt the spiritual dominion of the priest-^hood, but must extinguish every spark of mutual benevolence, tenderness, and kindness, in the breasts of their ignorant votaries. Such fatal antipathies can only be radically extirpated by establishing Protestant Parochial-schools, calculated to enlighten the under- standing of the rising generation ; then the dispersion of Bibles ^nd Testaments (it is most devoutly to be hoped,) will create a charitable revolution in the disposition of the populace, and our national character will no longei' become stained with these tragical excesses periodically commited when the torch of reli- gious fury and civil discord is kindled to inflame the passions of a turbulent, and ungovernable mob ; nor sensibility be wound- ed by acrimonious recriminations sarcastically uttered in tlie reviling expressions and opprobrious exclamations of heretic nnd papist but all denominations of Christians, thus regenerated by the true spirit of the Gospel dispensation will cherish univci - sal charity, bencA^olence, and concord. Such an experiment liatli been successfully made on the Scottish peasantry and their pre- sent peaceful demeanor, and steadfast loyalty have fully repaid the pains taken to civilize and reclaim them. From Wexford to the left issues a road which passing by the Barrack, and running along the sea coast, enters the village of Killine, where it branches into two sections, that to the left lea- ding to Kilscoran and terminating at Gronore point ; thatto the right leading Broadway, from whence a cross road xuns to FOR IRELAND. t7 the right, and that to the left terminates at Carnsore point. Be* tween Broadway and the sea there is a salt hike to the right; on the road leading from Wexford to Clonmines, at the three mile stone, there is a cross road to the left comnunicating with Broad- way, and a little beyond the three mile stone stands a church on the extensive demesne of Johnstown to the left. At the five mile stone there are the ruins of a church to the right, and between the six and seven mile stone, a cross road to the right leads to Taghmon. Parishes in the Barony of Bargie, Ambrose town, Ballycormack, Killag, Kilcavany Kilmanan, Mulrankin, Duncormack^ Tornhaggard, Killmore, BallynagLiUick, Killowen, Bannovv, Kilturk. From Wexford by Banno. Mies. Wexford . i . . — 66| Duncormack . , . 10 76 J Banno . . • . 4 80| ROADS. At the seven mile-stone is situated Balwinstown village, from whence runs a cross-road to the left, leading to Bridgetown ; at tiie eighth mile-stone, is across road to the left, and the ruins of an old castle ; between the eight and ninth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left, and a little farther on, another to the right ; at the tenth mile-stone, a cross road to the right, leads to Tagh- mon; a church, and the ruins of an old castle stand to the left, whence the direct road r uns to Banno^^ from the village of Duncormack situated here. Banno^ — Distant fourteen miles from the town of Wexford, is situated at the entrance of Banno Bay, it was a borough town previous to the Union, and returned two members to the Irish Parliament. Strongbow landed near this town, Ballyleigh Bay is formed by this head-land, and the Saltee islands, which con- sist of high, rocky land,' covered with grass ; the larger island is about a mile in length* and half a mile in breadth ; the lesser NEW TKAVELirR'S (lUIDE is about half a mile in circumference. A chain of rocks runs between the Saltees and the main-land, called Saint Patrick's Stepping Stones. The Coningmore, Conin^rbeg, and Brando rocks are situated near the larger Saltee, and the Black and Barrel rocks lie a little to the left of the lesser Saltee. On the road running from Duncormack to Clonmines, be- tween the eleven and twelve mile-stones, are the ruins of an old castle to the left ; at the twelve mile-stone is a cross road, and the ruins of Kilcaven church are to the right. Between the thirteen and fourteen mile stone, the road leading from Taghmon through Bally neety terminates, and a cross road to the left leads to Banno ; and at the distance of fourteen miles from Wexford, stands the town of Clonmines, which, previous to the Union, returned two members to the Irish Parliament. — Here the Banno river, augmented by many tributary streams, empties itself into Banno Bay ; the Scare is fordable at low water, but at middle, or high water, it must be crossed in boats. It is asserted, that, during the period the Danes, or Ostmen, held possession of these coasts, a mint was erected^ and silver coins to a very considerable amount were stamped, in consequence of the abundance of silver ore discovered ia the adjacent mines. — A mine was formerly wrought at Barras- town, contiguous to the banks of the Banno. Parishes hi the Barony of Shelburne. Fethard, Kilmacea, Whitechurch, Hooke, Kilrane, Temple town, Ballybrazel, Clonmines, Dunbrody^ Ovenduffe, Tintern, To Tintern^ by Goreif. (Miles.) Wexford by Gorey . • . I 66^ Tintern 17| | 85 On the south side of the Scare-ferry, at the distance of fifteen miles from the town of Wexford, are the ruins of five old castles, and a little distance beyond the seventeen mile-stone, is situated Tintern village, contiguous to which, is the ancient residence of the Colclough family. Near this place, an abbey was founded in the year 1200 by William Marescal, Earl of Pembroke, in consequence of a vow made, when in danger of being shipwrecked. fOR IRELAND. 89 Tintern. — This village is distant eighty-five miles from the Castle of Dublin, There is also a direct communication between Tintern and New-Ross, by a road running by Corbet-Hill : a road runs direct from Tintern, across the peninsula, to Bally- liack-Ferry. Ballyhack — Is distant nineteen miles from the town of Wex- ford, and ninety-one from Dublin Castle. This road leading to Ballyhack, is intersected at right angles, by a road running on the Wexford side of the river Barrow, and here diverging into two sections ; that to the left leading to Feathard, which, previous to the Union, returned two members to the Irish Parliament, and where still exist the ruins of three old castles ; that to the right leads to Duncannon-fort, commanding the harbour of Waterford, distant ninety-two miles from the Castle of Dublin. This fort gives the title of Viscount td the noble iamily of Ponsonby. The road running from Ballinlaw-ferry terminates here ; the roads issuing from Duncannon-fort, and from Tintern abbey, to the left, the latter passing by Feathard, unite in their progress, before they reach the light house^, erected at the eitremity of Hook-Head* To Ballyhack^ hy Wexford. Miles. Wexford by Enniscorthy . . — | 72 Ballyhack • • , , 19 | 91 ; Wexford by Braadferry * . , | 66§ Ballyhack , • . . 19 | 85| As the inhabitants of the Baronies of Forth and Bargie still retain some national peculiarities, which distinguish them from the other promiscuous, and aboriginal inhabitants of this island; the two cantreds which now constitute these Baronies, were granted to Harvey de Mount Morres, after the surrender of Wexford, who colonized his Irish patrimony with a numer- ous assemblage of his country-men, collected from the opposite coasts, who still remain an unmixed race ; they, like the Jew>> intermarry with each other, and permit not an alien to con- taminate their blood, and are remarkable for their industry, their neatness, and the peculiarity of their dialect \ which, according to General Vallency's authority, is Saxon mingled with English, exhibiting no tx'ace of Irish iiitermisture. — N 90 KEW traveller's GtJlDB Respecting the variety of soil, which this county exhibits, it is only necessary summarily to observe, that the maritime dis- tricts constitute the best, and most fertile portions, chiefly resulting from local advantages, namely, the facility of procur- ing lime, or lime stones, by an unexpensive water conveyance, the abundance of marl that can be procured on almost every townland, the quantities of sea-weed, and marine shells, that can be easily collected along its winding indented shore ; but the western or inland districts are destitute of similar advanta- ges, and therefore, must supply the defect by procuring lime at an enormous expence, from the adjacent counties of Carlow and Kilkenny. The soil near the mountains is coarse, stoney, and gravelly, but it becomes more loamy, as it approaches to the sea. In the internal districts, among the single hills, con- siderable tracts of peaty soil are formed, from the deposition of vegetable matter arrested in its progress towards die sea. The soil in the Barony of Shelburne chiefly consists of a cold, barren, stiff' clay, and is deemed the worst land in the county. A small vein of copper ore has been discovered at Kilrogue, near Wex- ford, and some lead ore has been found in the parish of Killan^ near Enniscorthy ; there is no lime-stone to be found in any part of this county, its rocks arc chiefly composed of granite. The schissou and argelite abounds in the western districts, alter- nating v/ith extended masses of siliceous pudding stone, some of which are sufficiently compact to be formed into mill-stones, particularly at Ballyhack, and that district called the Hook. The coast abounds with fisli, but for want of proper harbours to shelter, and to protect the craft, this exhaustless source of national wealth cannot be pursued v* ith that enterprising indus- try and perseverance, which its importance demands. The best fishing ground is about the saltees, already noticed. From Wicklow to Waterford there is not a single harbour to shelter a ship from the violence of the storms. See Frazer's Siatislical > 4 Moneyseed, r* Buncloady, . . j Moneyhore, . . • 6^ 5 Koss, ... .7 Mocorry, .... 7 Kamsgrange, • 3 8 Ragorey, . . . o o Coolgreney, . • 1 /\ 10 Caniolen, . ... Ck u Johns- town. J I J^imerick, . • 12 New-town Barry, . 14 Enniscorthy, 15 Enniscorthy, . 21 X^Ct&il, .... Johns-town, 22 Fernsj . « . . 27 Buncloady, . . 7 JCillinick/ . . 5 30 COUNTY OF KILKENNY. The County of Kilkenny is bounded by the Queen's Coun- ty on the north-west; by the County of Carlow on the north ; by the County of Wexford on the east ; and by the County of Tipperary on the south-west. Its greatest length, from north to south, is thirty-six Irish miles, and its greatest breadth from east to west is nineteen Irish miles. It contains 318,249 Irish plantation acres ; and is divided into nine Baronies besides the iiberties of the County and of the town of Kilkenny, and the liberties of the town of Callen. • Baronies in the County of Kilkenny. Tassadinan, Knocktopher, Iverk, Gowrey, Kells, Cronagh, Sheliogher, Ida, Galmoy, Its eclesiastical division contains one hundred and forty seven parishes, almost every one of which has the ruins of its ancient church still remaining. In ancient days, the whole of this county constituted a portion of the kingdom of Ossory : it contains a few boggy marshes, or stagnant waters ; it is watered by three navigable rivers, one of which, the Nore, runs through the cen- tre of the county, and the rivers Sure and Barrow for a consi- derable distance constitute the limits of its boundaries : there are besides many considerable streams which irrigate this county, and materially contribute to its beauty and convenience, its substratum chiefly consists of lime-stone, or Ume-stone gra- vel, brittle schistus, or porous argelite ; retentive clay is only to be found for a certain space in the northern district. As its secondary hills are not of sufficient altitude to arrest the clouds impelled by the southerly, and westerly winds, they are attract- ed toward* the lofty and primary ranges of rocks, that rise to FOR IRELAKD. 95 the north east : thus the counties of Dublin and of Wicklow surpass the county of Kilkenny in humidity, a fact confirmed by experience, and which might easily be proved by experi- ment. Parishes in the Barony of Tassadinan, Kilmocar, Kilmodeen, Muckully, Odogh, Desert, ROADS. At the forty-second mile-stone the county of Kilkenny com- mences on the Castlecomer road: at about half a mile from the forty-second mile-stone, a cross road to the left leads towards Leighlin bridge : the coal mines lie to the left of the Castleco- mer road, a mineral for w^hich this vicinage is so celebrated. At the forty-five mile-stone stands Castlecomer, at the confluence of the Dian with two less considerable streams; it gives title of Viscouijt toHhe noble family of Wandesford. Two cross roads run to the right communicating with Bally nakill and Bally ra- get. Near this town stands the beautiful mansion of Lady Or- mond, surrounded by a charming demesne. On the night of the 23d. of May 1798, the rebels attacked this town and the barrack of Donane, situated at about three miles distance, w^ho were bravely repulsed by the united exertions of the military yeomen, and loyal inhabitants. It was attacked again on the 24th day of June, by a powerful column of rebels, against whom the feeble garrison and some yeomanry corps, maintained an obstinate and unequal contest for a considerable time, when they were most seasonably, and critically relieved by the presence of Sir Charles Asgill with preponderating reinforcements from the city of Kilkenny, who immediately dispersed this sanguinary rabble, of whom very great numbers were slaughtered in their flight by the cavalry, but as the rigor of military discipline, or other imperative motives rendered his immediate return to Kilkenny indispensible, the deserted habitations of the loyalists vver,e sacked, and consumed, and also Lady Ormond's magni- Castlecomer, Cooleraghan, Kilmedamoge, Kilmeilan, Mayne, Mothel, Ilossconnel, Donaghmore, 96 NEW traveller's GUIDE ficent mansion was involved in this exterminating desolation^ This edifice has been since rebuilt in a superior stile of ele- gance. — See Musgrave's History of the atrocities committed in this town and its vicinage Vol. 2, p. 84, and infra. On this side of the forty seventh mile-stone the road forks into two branches ; that to the left passing by a bridge at the junction of the Dubghglass river, runs in a more direct line towards Kilkenny ; the right branch also crosses the river, at a little distance on this side of the fifty-first mile-stone, and a little beyond the fifty first mile-stone, it meets the road passing through Ballyragget. At the fifty second mile-stone, to the right, stand the ruins of Dunmore Castle, which for- merly was one of the Duke qf Ormond's country residences ; near these ruins, in an open field, is a cave which extends more than a quarter of a mile, as far as it hath been explored, for no adventurer hath attempted to penetrate it farther, as the rum- bling of a subterraneous current, reverberating through the aw- ful silence of terrific gloominess, and pitchy darkness, gives a solemn warning of approaching peril, and perhaps inevitable des- truction. It is as remarkable for its petrefactions as for its vast magnitude. At the distance of four miles to the right is situated Ballyragget, distant forty-nine miles from the castle of Dublin: the northren part of this barony consists of moory turf a few inches deep, lying on a bed of stiff yellow or whitish clay, and is perhaps the poorest soil in the county. Parishes in the Baroriy Gowran. Graignamanna, Gowran, Grange Silvia, Killumey, Powerstown, Kill an e, Shankhill, Kilderry, Ullard, Kilfane, Kilmacahil, T scoffin, Claragh, Dungarvan, Jerpoint, Innesteoge, Kilkyran, Rathcool, Blackrath, 'i nomastown, CoUumnkill, Tullowherin, Saint Martin, ROADS. At the forty-eight mile-stone commences Kilkenny County^ by the Leighlin bridge road. At the forty-j;ii^e mile-stone a cross FOR IRELAND. 97 road runs to tlie right ; at the fifty mile-stone a cross road runs to the right; a little farther on is another to the left, and a little on this side of Gowran the road issuing from Gores Bridge unites to the left. Go'wraiu — At the fifty-second mile-stone stands the town of Gowran, situated on the banks of a pleasant stream, whi< h em- pties itself into the river Barrow: it is governed by a portjievo, recorder, and town clerk: it has some liberties attached to its jurisdiction : previous to the Union it returned two members to the Irish Parliament. In the vicinity of this town is situated the mansion of Lord Clitden, and a suitable demesne. Three roads issue from this town, that to the left leading to Waterford by one section, and to Mount Juliet and Thoriiastown by another ; the centre road itads direct to Bennet's bridge, and that to the right leads to Kilkenny City, from which road, at about a mile's distance from the town, issues a cross road to the right ; en the left of the town are the ruins of an old castle. Gowran - [52 Kilkenny - -- -- -- 5|57 Kilhenmj^ — delightfully situated on the banks of the river Kore, exhibits as many natural beauties, and possesses as many local advantages as any other inland city in the united kingdom can boast of, having a water communication with Waterford, the sea, and all the commercial towns erected on the three great navigable rivers, uniting their streams at Waterford Harbour. It comprises two distinct corporations, each enjoying their respec- tive municipal rights and immunities ; and exercising legitimate functions within the limits of the prescribed boundaries of their chartered jurisdictions. Each corporation previous to the Unioii, returned two members to the Irish parliament, but since that period the aggregate mass of freemen and freeholders, only re- turn one member to the United Parliament, the local incorporate rights still remaining unaltered and undeminished. Its civil government is vested in a mayor, recorder, aldermen and sherifis, and its population is computed at about 20,000 inhabitants. The venerable ruins of its churches, monasteries and abbeys still exist. The remains of its gates, towers, walls and bastions, prove it to have been a place of great strength, and the obsti - nate resistance made by a feeble garrison, reduced by the casu- alities of war to three hundred men, commanded by Sir Walter Butler against. Cromw^ell, who besieged it on the 2Stb day cf o NEW traveller's GUIDE March 16.50, confirms the observation ; for this segacious war- rior was repulsed in two assaults, and on its surrender, granted honorable terms of capitulation, contrary to his usual sanguinary policy in similar circumstances ; and he acknowledged that he lost more men in storming Kilkenny, than in taking the town of Drogheda. The castle, built on the scite of one destroyed by the Irish in the year 1175, was admirably well calculated for defence from the natural strength of the position selected for its erection, at the extreme verge of a lofty hill faced with s solid wall of masonry forty feet high, at whose base the river ISlore rapidly rolls its torrent. The remaining portion was protected . by walls, bastions, towers, and outworks, and the castle stood in the centre of the platform. The building, in its present form, was constructed by the progenitors of the present noble possessor ; the entrance is from the parade, and lep-ds to the back of the house ; the front facing the river. In the court yard, are the foundations of some buildings, and opposite the door, there is a clock, fixed in an old tower. The most conspicuous architectural ornament that decorates this city, is the Cathedral, built in the Gothic stile, in the form of a cross ; its length in the clear, from east to west, is 226 feet, and the breadth of the cross, from north to south, 123 ; it was repaired by Bishop Pococke. The Episcopal Palace is a neat commodious edifice, and com- municates with the Cathedral by a covered passage. Contiguous to the Church stands a round Tower, of considerable elevation, which still continues in a state of perfect preservation. Ihere is a Library founded and endowed by Bishop Williams, and an Alms house in a tottering condition. For the variety of inscrip- tions, epitaphs, monuments, and other frail memorials, dedicated to perpetuate the memory of real or imputed worth, Sre Led^ ^iSjidges. Ijcarncd Antiquities. The charitable institutions owo Cheir existence to small beqjuests, too trifling, substantially t« To Ferryba7iJcj hy Gowran. Gowran Thomastown Jerpoint MuUmavat Ferry bank (Milos) - I 52 6 58 2 60 8 68 6 74? FOR IRELANB. 99 relieve the pressing wants of indigence ; the patrimony destined to support some particular charities, appears to have been alienated, and others have been ruined by the devouring gripe of individual rapacity. To Kilkenny^ by Castlecomer. (Miles.) Castlecomer . • . \ Kilkenny • . . . 9| | 56 The School of Kilkenny^ — Afterwards converted into a College by King James the Second, was originally founded and endowed by the noble family of Ormond ; the right of electing a master is now vested in the Provost, Fellows, and Scholars of Trinity College, which last description of trustees are never consulted about the matter — See Ledwidge's learned Antiquities respecting the Statutes of this magnificent establishment. The house is aii elegant and spacious modern edifice. The public buildings are well designed, judiciously arranged, and materially contribute to beautify this city. Over the Noretwo bridges are constructed. The City and its Liberties contain five Parishes, viz. St. John's, St. Patrick s, St. Mary's, St. Maul's St. Canice, The woollen manufactory originally introduced by Pierce Earl of Ormond, and his wife Margaret, who brought artists from Flanders for this patriotic purpose, is extensively carried on, and considerable quantities of blankets of superior quality, with other woollen cloths of various descriptions, are prepared under the inspection of skilful mechanics; there are also many starch manufactories. In the vicinity there is a marble quarry, where beautiful chimney-pieces are cut and polished by aquatic machi- nery, invented by a Mr. Collis, a native of Kilkenny. Parlia- ments were frequently held here from the twelfth, to the middle of the fifteenth century. By a singular clause of an act passed in the reign of Edward the Second, it is ordained under the penalty of forfeiture of both lands and chattels, and corporeal imprisonment, that all Englishmen residing in Ireland, should conform both in garb, and cut of the hair, to the fashion of their countrymen in England — See the learned Ledwidge's reflections this extraordinaiy la'Wy and ih€ necmity^ its enactment. NEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE To Kilmagany^ by Gowran. Gowran Benriet's-Bridge Kilmaganny . 5 10 (Miles.) • 52 1 57 ) 67 The Black Abbey — Was founded in Irishtown, by William Earl Marshal the younger, about the 1225. The scite of this Monaster)^ was granted at the Reformation to the city, and part of the building converted into a Shire- House; the various mouldings, which adorn the windows and arches of these ruins, are a beautiful specimen of Gothic architecture. A calybeate mineral was discovered in the College meadow, on the bank of the Nore, which was sufforated by a violent flood, and never since re-opened. This County altogether seems to be as pro- lific in minerals, as it is saturated with mines. Gowran — 52 Thorn astown , . « • 6 58 Jerpoint * . . . • 2 60 Mullinavat . • • . 8 68 Ferry-Bank . . . .6^1 74^ T/iomastown^ — Distant about eight miles from Kilkenny, is pleasantly situated on the river Nore, over which a beautiful stone bridge is constructed : it was a borough previous to the Union. The road to the right, leads to Knocktopher by Jer- point, remarkable for the ruins of an ancient abbey. Here all the roads running from Gowran to Gore's-Bridge conterminate. Between Thomastown and Inistioge, the river Argula falls into the Nore, by the village of BallydufF, and on the left are the ruins of an old castle. Inistioge^ — Distant sixty- three miles from the Castle of Dub- is situated on the Nore ; it was a borough pi'evious to the To Ferry-banJc^ by Gowran, (Miles,) (Miles.) — I 511 11| I 63 FOR IRELAND. 101 Union. At this town is the last stone bridge on the Nore ; here all the intermediate roads, situated on the left of the river, unite and concentre. A road runs along the left bank of the Nore to Mountgarret-ferry, and the road running on the right bank, leads to New- Ross already noticed; from this town the track of a new road points out the advantage of such a com - munication, which would make the distance to Waterford only thirteen miles from Inistioge. Lime stone, and iime stone gravel are the prevailing soils in this Barony. Parishes in tlie Barony of SheliogJier. Aghnamult, Outragh," Dunfert, Earlstown, Tullaghmain, Stamcarthy, Inchiholahon, Burnechurch, Kilfera. Kilaloe, To Bennet^S'bridgCy hy Gowran, (Miles,) Gotvran . . . . — I 52 Bennet's-bridsce . . 5 | 57 Bennet'^s Bridge. — At the four mile-stone, on the road leading between Kilkenny and Knocktopher, the road running between Bennet's Bridge and Call en crosses nearly at right angles. Bennet's-Bridge is distant fifty-seven miles from the Castle of Dublin. A little beyond the four mile-stone is a church to the left, and a little beyond the six mile-stone arc the ruins of Ennisnag Castle, where the road passes the King's-river by a stone bridge. At the three mile-stone, on the road which passes between Kilkenny and Kells. is a cross road to the left, and at the four mile-stone the great road running to Callen crosses it in a diagonal direction ; and at the five mile-stone, is a cross road to the right. On the great road passing between Kilkenny and Callen, a little beyond the fifty-nine mile-stone, a cross road passes right and left ; at the sixty-first mile-stone two diagonal cross roads run to the right; a cross road and the ruins of Ballybeer Castle, stand on the left. On this side of the sixty-third mile« stone, it is intersected by a road running right and left, and a little farther on to the right lies Desart, the magnificent mansion and extensive demesne of Lord Desart. — All the substratum of this Barony consists of lime stone, and lime stone gravel. 102 NEW traveller's GUIDE Parishes in the Barony of KnocJctopher. Agaviller, Jerpoint Monastery, Kilkevil, Kilmeady, Killatry, MuckuUy, Knocktopher, Kilbeacon, Dunmore, Demkernery, Kilcasy, Knocktopher^ — Distant sixty-three miles from the Castle of Dublin, and ten from Kilkenny, is pleasantly situated on the banks of a rivulet, which rolls its tributary stream, to swell the watery bosom of the majestic Nore. This town was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. A road running to the left by Mount Juliet, the princely residence of Lord Carrick, and Jerpoint celebrated for the magnificent ruins of a venerable old Abbey, terminates at this town by the church. A road to the right, leading to Newmarket and Kilmagany villages, runs on towards Carrick. On the direct road leading to Ferry- Bank, at the thirteen mile- stone from Kilkenny City, are the ruins of Castle Bangan to the left, und at the fifteen mile-stone from Kilkenny, and the sixty- sixth mile-stone from the Castle of Dublin, a cross road runs to the left, and the ruins of an old Castle stand on the right. Mullinavat. — At the seventy-eight mile-stone, stands the village of Mullinavat, and a cross road to the right leads to New Market. The substratum of this Barony, chiefly consists of siliceous breccia, red argelite, and slaty argelite ; it is thickly interspersed with lofty hills, not sufficiently magnificent to be denominated mountains. For the particulars of their soil, See Tighe^s Statistical Survey of this County. Parishes in the Barony of Ida^ three sides of 'which are encom-* passed by the rivers Nore^ Sure^ and Barrow. Clonamexy, Desertmore, Kilmanevoga, Gallkill, Dunkeld, Rathpatrick, Listerling, Kilbridge, Rosberkon, Rower, Kilcolm, Shambough, Ballygun, KilcuUehean, To Graignamanah^ by Gores Bridge, (Miles.) Gores Bridge . i 52 To Graignamanah • • • . . 6 j 5$ FOR IRELAND, 10$ The road running from Gores Bridge, by Graignamanah on the right bank of the river Barrow, conterminates at Mountgr- ret Ferry in this Barony with the road running from Inistioge, on the left of the Nore to the same point, on the road passing between Inistioge and New Ross. On the right of the Nore, are the ruins of an old castle to the left, at the six mile stone from Kilkenny, and at the eight mile stone a cross road runs to the right; a little beyond the ten mile stone, this road terminates at the Wooden-Bridge, communicating with Trom Rosberkon. On the Kilkenny bank of the river Barrow, a road runs direct to Ferry-bank, from which it is distant ten miles. The substratum of this Barony is partly composed of granite, some parts of silici- cous, schistus, and a small portion of lime stone and lime stone gravel, and some districts consist of slaty argelite ; it is much en- cumbered with hills, which give it a mountainous aspect. Parishes in the Barony of IverJc. Buely, Tipperaghny, Fortnescully, Clonmore, Tubbrid, Ulled, Fiddown, White- Church, Rathkyran, Kilmacow Poleran, At the seventy mile stone is a cross road to the right on the MuUinavat road and the ruins of Dongan Castle ; and about half a mile beyond the seventy first mile stone stands the village Kilmacow on the banks of a river which empties itself into the Suir; from this village a cross road runs to the right leading to Carrick ; the centre road leads direct to Crany-ferry, running along the right bank of the river; and on this side of the seven- ty third mile stone, on the road leading to Ferry-bank, a cross road on the left, leads to New Ross, and another on the right slopes to Kilmacow; and a little on this side of Ferry-bank the road from Ballyraban unites on the left. Ferry Bank. — At the seventy-four mile stone is Ferry Bank.. From Crany Ferry a road runs along the right bank of the ri- ver Suir to Carrick from which two cross roads to the right communicate with the road leading to Broad Ferry, and at the ten mile stone, from Broad Ferry, is situated Piltown village; here tw^o cross roads run to the right, and on the left are the ru- ins of Tibrockny Castle, and at the twelve mile stone, the river J^ingan bounds th^ County. The portion of this Barony, which 104 NEW traveller's guide stretches along the river Suir is fiat and fertile ; its substratun:i is lime stone and lime stone gravel, the interior is very hilly, and its substratum mostly siliceous red argelite and slaty argelite. To Kilmagaiiny^ hy Bemiefs Bridge. (Miles.) Gowran . Bennet's Bridge ....... 5 Kells 7 Kilmaganny . 3 52 57 67 TarisJies in the Barony of Kellsj including Callen Liberties. Ballaghtobin, Kells, Callen, Kilmaganny, Coolaghmore, KeUs^—(\hiBXit sixty four miles from the Castle of Dublin, and «even miles from the city of Kilkenny, is pleasantly situated on the banks of the King's-river, which adds its tributary stream to enrich the stately current of the river Nore; here the road forks into two branches, that to the right leading to Callen, and the other on theleft running towards Carrick; fromthis segment a diag- onal cross road runs to the right at the nine mile stone leading to Kilmaganny distant, twelve miles from the city of Kilkenny. Cardinal Paparo held a synod at the town of Kells, in the year 1152. 7b Callen hy Be7inefs Bridge. Bennet's Bridge — I 57 Callen 8* I 65|- Callen^ — Distant sixty-five miles and a half from the Castle of DuV)lin, is situated on the banks of the King's-river : it was for- merly a place of some consequence, but never since emerged from the ruined state to which Cromwell reduced it. Here are the ruins of three old castles, and an old Gothic church. The ruins of Eve castle lie within a mile of this town, the li- berties of which are extensive. It was a borough previ- ous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. From this town three roads issue, that to the left rOR IRELAND. 105 leading to Carrick, the centre road to Clonmel, and the road to the right runs to the city of Cashel. The substratum of a large portion of this Barony is lime stone and lime stone gravel ; the remaining districts consist of siliceous, schistus, and slaty argci- lite. Parishes in the Barony of Cranagh, Aghour, Kilmantagh, Ballyloscan, Ballycallen, Kilrush, Clontul)rid, Clashacrow, ^ Tullowroan, Tubberbritain, Cloghmantagh, Ballinamore, On the road leading from Kilkenny to Freshford, between the second and third mile-stone, are the ruins of an old Castle to the left, and at the four mile-stone, a cross road to the right, leads to Callen, and to the ruins of two old castles to the left. At the five mile- stone, a cross road runs to the right. Freshford, — At the seven mile-stone stands the village of Freshford, distant sixty-four miles from the Castle of Dublin. Here the road from Ballyragget unites on the right and a cross road runs to the left ; at the ten mile-stone the road forks into two Isranches, that to the left, leading to Johnstown and Urlingford. Parishes in the Barony of Galmoy. Agharney, Eirke, Ennisnag, Fartagh, Glisshare, Urlingford, Cooleashin, Durrow. To Kilkenny^ ly Diirrots:. (Miles ) Durrow . . . — 52 Ballyragget • . . 4 56 Kilkenny . . . 10 G6 j!)wrrdtiy,^Distant fifty-two miles from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the Kilkenny side of the river Nore. "Near this town stands the magnificent mansion of J^ord Ash- brooke, with its extensive demesne. On the road from Durrow to Kilkenny, stands Ballyragget, pleasantly situated cn the banks of the Nore, from whence two cross roads issue, tl e one to the left, leading to Ca^^tlecomer, and the other to the right, p i06 i^EW traveller's guide. leading to Urlingford. From Durrow a road runniug to th* right leads by Johnstown to Urlingford. Near Johnstown is the celebrated spa of Ballyspellen, issuing from a rock of brittle shite, composed of ferrugenous argellite ; the superincumbent hill consists of similar substances, intermingled with siliceous the corbonic-acid-gas, or fixed air generated by the lime stone, scbistus, and the contiguous hill, being composed of lime-stone, the mineral water filtrated through the different strata, of wliich the circumjacent eminences, consist, exhibets manifest indications of the various metallic particles, with which it is impregnated in its progress, sec Tighe's Statistical SurvcT/ of this Coiinfi). To UrUngJordy ly Durrois:. Miles. Durrow . . . . — 52 Johnstown . . . 8 60 Urlingford . . , 2 62 Urlivg ford. — Two miles beyond Johnstown lies the village of Urlingford, situated at the verge of the county, from which two cross roads issue right and left. A portion of the Queen s County was annexed to the Barony of Galmoy, by the repre- sentations of a Duke of Ormond, whose object in obtaining the grant, was to protect his tenantry from the outrages of the Fitzpatricks, who, when tried for such violences in the Queen's County, were always acquitted, but when they were brought to Kilkenny, never escaped punishment. The substratum of this Barony partly consists of limestone, and lime stone gravel, siliceous breccia, and red argellite. The largest tracts of bogs in this County lie in the vicinity of Urlingford and Callen. — There are four round towers in this County, besides the one at St. Canice already noticed ; namely, one at Tulloherin, one at Kilree, one at Fartagh, and one at Aghaviller. Lead ore lias been discovered in different parts of the County, but the mine at Flood Hall is the only ore which, as yet, has been wrought. This County abounds in iron ore, which is generally found very near the surface ; as to its state of cultivation, the varieties of its soil, and capability of improvement, see the Stati^cical Sw vrj/ already quoted* V roH inELAND. 107 4 Tahls of Fmrs held in the County of Kilkenny in every month of the year. JPlcicss xmJistb held. Bates, Jan, 'Places where heUL Kilmurry » . . 1 Innistioge . . . 9 • FiddoMii . , , Ratlibeah . . , 10 11 Jo to. 20 JL>Cll IXiJctllltyJl d . » 1 A. 1 4? Bennet's Bridge Barrowmount . . 15 Cloga .... \ Kilkenny . . . 17 March. 17 Kilkenny . , . 5 j Ballvraastiemorres Castlecomer . . 10 ^inijyiuiu. • • • 12 V^'ttollCiilUl I Cb . • 1 J Graney .... 14 Churchland . . 14 Durrow .... 20 Urlingford . . . 15 Thomastown . . 25 Kilkenny . . . 17 Bawn .... 27 Callen .... 21 Powerstown . . . 31 Bennet's Bridge . 26 Durrow .... 26 June. 7 Coolinata . . . Sep. Knocktopher . . 7 MuUinavat . . . o Rosberkon . . . i Ballyragget . . 4 168 KEW TRAVELLER S GUIDE Places where held. jDcites* Graney .... 4 JCilmaganny i're^.hiora . . . 4? 7 Bawn .... 8 Kilkenny 1 a IZ Castlecomer 1 4 BaiJitrisha • . . 19 Bennet s Bridge . 19 Kilmurry . . . i 21 Mullinahow . . ' 25 Ballihibuck . . 25 ricidown • . . 29 Templemariin . — ' " " Oct. Kilmurry . . . ' 2 MuUinavat . . • 3 jRosberkon • . 0 Callan .... 1 f\ lU Cirkimacoody . . 10 Jvilkenny . . . 11 Urlingtord 5 , . 12 Barrowmoiint • • 15 ^urnchurch . . 18 Rosberkon . . . 18 Uallyragget . . . 20 Places wheve held* Dates* St. Kennis . . . 22 Mullinavat . . . 28 Bawn . . . . ; 29 Nov* Katnbeagn . -a 1 Stroan .... 1 Oraig .... 8 Kilkenny . . . 9 Templemartm . . 9 CastJemorres . . 12 Templemartin . . . 1 22 Ballihale . . . 22 Durrow .... 25 riddown . . . 1 30 Dec. Rathbeah . • Graigstown Mullinavat • 1 9 Ballyragget 1 10 Graney .... IJ Innisteoge • • . 13& 14? Kilmarry . . . 16 Freshford . . • 17 Bennet's Bridge . 21 COUNTY OF KILDARE. The County of Kildare — Is bounded on the north by Meath, on the east by Dublin and Wicklow, on the south by Carlow, and on the west by the King's and Queen's Counties. It is about thirty two miles long, and twenty one miles broad ; mostly a flat of fine arable soil, which for centuries, has principally supplied the capital with grain. Its population is immense^ particularly in the vicinity of Turbaries, where the peasantry collect to enjoy the comforts of cheap fuel, with which this County abounds; it contains 242,245 Acres, Irish plantation measure, of which 41,035, are bog and waste. It is divided into fourteen Baronies and half Baronies, which are subdivided into an hundred and thirteen Parishes. Baronies. North Salt East Narragh & Rheban East Ophily South Salt Kilkea and Moone West Ophily North Naas Keat, & Oughterany West Narragh & Rheban South Naas Clane Carberry KilcuUen Connell Parishes in the Baronies of North and South Salt, Cloghnallis Celbridge Leixlip Maynooth StrafFan Clonfoy Haynstown Lyons Donacumper Oughterard Kildowen Kilteel Slacumny Taghadoe Kill Furnaughts m ROADS. On tlie great southern Mail-coach-road, the Coilnty of fiildare commences. At the ten mile-stone stands the ruins of a church to the right ; at the eleven mile stone^ a cross road to the right, passes by Bishop Court, the magnificent man- sion and highly cultivated demesne of Lord Ponsoby; a little beyond the twelve mile-stone, stands the church of Kill, and a cross road runs to the left, and another to the right* Thirteen miles and a half from Dublin, stands Johnstown^ remarkable for a good inn. Here are the ruins of an old churchy and a cross road runs right and left ; to the right of Johnstovrn lies the ancient mansion, and extensive dernesne of Lord Mayo* Johnstown, is watered by ll^e river Moral. Parishes in the Baro?iies of North and South Naas^ Cotlandstown, Carnal way, J ohnstow n, Rathmore, Killishee, Naas, Yagoe, Bodenstown, Sherlockstown, Giltown, CardifFstown, To Castledermot hy johnsto'wn. (Miles.) Johnstown * . . . — Naas . i • . . 2 folcullen .... 4^ Timolin . . . . 8i Castledermot . . « 4i 15t 20 28f 33 ROADS. At the fourteen mile-stonej t cross road mns to the right j at the fifteen mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right, and at half a mile's distance beyond the fifteen mile-stone, stands the town of Naas, pn a lofty ridge of ground. In ancient timefe FOE IRELAND. it was the residence of the kings of Leinf^ter. At the north and south extermities, are moats of considerable elevation. In the twelfth century it was fortified, and many castles wer§ erected; the ruins of religious establishments still exist to record the splendor of their former magnificence. In the various intestine discords that convulsed the Island, this important military station, experienced many reverses, and v/as frequently compelled to submit to different masters. Previous to the Unioup it returned two members to the Irish Parliament, On tlie morning of the 24th of May, 1798, this town was furiously assaultud by a strong body of rebels,, who v/erc gallantly repulsed, with prodigious slaughter. A court house and goal have been lately erected: one of its old castles constitutes the parsonage house, and there remain no other entire vestige of its former greatness. Contiguous to the town an extensive infan= try Barrick, hath been lately built in a retired, healthy situa- tion. From the northern extremity of the town a cross road runs to the right, communicating with Sallins, and another to the left, leading towards Ballymore Eustace. From the southern end of the town, two Mail-coach-roads issue, th^nt to the left running to Carlow. From this road a cross roa4 runs to the left, winding about the base of the southern moat. At the seventeen mile-stone, is a cross road, and the church of Kilshee stands to the left ; at the eighteen mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right, and at the nineteen mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right, and Harristown lies on the left^ v/hich, previous to the union returned tw^o members to the Irish Parliament. At the twentieth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left ; a little farther on, another runs to the right, and at the twenty-first mile-stone, the road is intersected by the river Liffy^ From the southern extremity of Naas, the Limerick Mail-c:oach road sweeps to the right, from which a cross road issues to the right crossing a collateral branch of the Grand-Canal, whici^ winds in the valley close to the town. On the left, of the Lime- rick Mail-coach-road, are the ruins of Jigginstown Castle, begun by the Earl of Strafford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in the reign of Charles the First; at the seventeen mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right; at the eighteen mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right ; at the twentieth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right ; a little farther on, there are a cross road and the ruins of an abbey to the left ; and between the twenty and t went} first mile-stones, the Liffy intersects the road. At the tvv^enty one mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left, and farther on, across road runs to the right, and another to th^ left. At the twenty second mile-stone, the Curragh Stand Iioutpj h erected. NEW traveller's d^UIDE Parishes in the Barony of Kilcnllen^ Kilcullen Tully Gilltown. On the banks of the Liffy, stands the town of Kilcullen, built from the advantages which a stone bridge erected in the year 1319 across the LifFy, afforded the inhabitants, who gradually abandoned the old town, until it became an entire ruin. Near this town are the ruins of New-Abbey, founded by Sir Rowland Eustace in the year 1460. In the year 1582, a lease of this Abbey was granted to Edmond Spencer the poet, for three pounds a year ; it was plundered, and some of its protestant inhabitants butchered in the rebellion of 1798, during the temporary absence of the Garrison, which retired to Naas, for the purpose of concentrating the diffe- rent scattered detachments. A cross road runs to the right, and another, to the left, passes by New- Abbey; at the twenty second mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left. Here the road to Athy, slopes off to the right. At a little distance on this side of the twenty third mile-stone, stands old Kil- cullen, formerly a large walled town, having seven gates, of which the ruins of one only remain. A very ancient round tower, very much decayed, stands in the church yard, also the shaft of a cross, consisting of one stone, ten feet high. Here are the ruins of a very ancient abbey. A cross road runs right and left. At the twenty third mile- stone a cross road runs right and left. At the twenty fourth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left. At the twenty fifth mile-stone a cross road runs to the left. Parishes in the Barony of Narragh and east JRhehan. Timolin Davidstown Narraghmore, John sto wn Uske At the twenty-sixth mile-stone, stand the ruins of Blackhallt* the right. On this side of the twentyseveuth mile-stone, a crosai road runs to the right, passing by Narraghmore: at the twenty- eigth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left; and the beautiful village of Bnllytor, on the right, is situated in a valley, through which the riv'T Grt^cce winds its stream. Tne neatness and cleanliness ^ f the houses, and highly cuUivated gardens, dis-* play the elegant simplicity of the Quakers, by whom it colonized. lis Tlmolin, — Is distant twenty-nine miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin; the Church stands on the left, and the ruins of an old castle to the right ; near this Village are the ruins of Moone- Abbey. Here a Qi-oss road runs to the left. Parishes in the Barony of KilJcea and Moo?ie^ Monmahenock, Grangenolven, Moone, Ballaghmore, Graney, Nicholas-town, Belan, Kilkea, Ardrie, Castledermot, Kiliieagh, Dunlost. A little beyond the thirty-first mile stone a cross road runs right and left. On the right is situated Belan^ the beautiful seat of Lord Aldborough, with a very extensive demesne and plantations. The ruins of Grangeford Castle, stand to the left. At the thirty-second mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Kilkea Castle, built by the fourth Earl of Kildare, and was the ancient residence of that noble fomily. Castledermot^ — Distant thirty-four miles from the Castle of Dublin, was formerly a large fortified town, and the residence of the kings of Leinster bearing the name of Dermot. Here are the ruins of magnificent Abbeys., Priories, and Monasteries. In the year 1499 a Parliament was held here, wherein an act was passed inflicting penalties on snqh noblemen as rode without saddles ; a record which proves the barbarity of the age, and the ignorance of the natives. Adjoining the church is a very fine round tower used as a belfry. The first Protes- tant charter-school established in Ireland, was biiilt here in the year 1734. There are two stone crosses and three pillars ill this town engraven with unintelligible inscriptions. This town was assaulted May 1798, by a numerous party of re- bels, who were gallantly repulsed by a small party of Infan- try commanded by Captain Mince. Three cross roads issue from this town to the left, and three to the right ; the direct road runs to Carlow. At the thirty-five mile stone a cross road runs to the left, and a little farther on another to the right. The County of Kildare terminates at the thirty-six mile stone in this direction. KEW traveller's guide To Kildare by Celhridge. * (Miles.) Celbridge, . . • 91 Claine, . . . . 6| 15i Prosperous, . . . 2 17^ Kildare* . . . 12 29| On tlie road leading from Dublin to Kildare by Cel- b ridge, the County of Kildare commences at the eighth mile stone : near tlie nine mile stone, a cross road runs to the right and left : at Celbridge, two cross roads run to the left. On the right bank of the Liffy is situated the town of Celbridge, distant nine miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin: there is a fine stone bridge thrown over the lAffy: at the lower extremity of the town an elegant Church has been lately erected in an angle of the Castle-town demesne on the bank of the river; its lofty square steeple and spire form a delightful termination to the end of a long street, where a cross road to the right winds outside of the demesne of Castle-town, situated on the banks of the LifFy. The mansion is as superb an edifice as any in this Island, and the plantations correspond in elegance and mag- nificence. An extensive woollen factory has been lately esta- bhshed in this town, which employs the industrious portion of the neighbouring popolaton. At the southern extremity of this town stand the remains of a magnificent abbey, which have been repaired, and converted into an habita- tion, retaining all the external appearance of its original destination; this singular edifice exhibits the gloomy gran- deur of Gothic architecture. A cross road runs to the right, iVom the upper end of tlie town, and about a quarter of a mile from the town, stands the Charter School to the left. At the eleven mile stone, a cross road runs to the right, and Kiladoon, the residence of Lord Leitrim, is situated to the left ; a little beyond the eleven mile stone, a cross road runs to the right, and between the twelve and thirteen mile 'tones, a cross road runs right and left; beyond the thirteen mile stone, a cross road runs to the left ; at the fourteen mile f-tone, a cross rond runs to the right ; and the ruins of an old castle lie in the -ame direction. A little farther on to the J i'i;ht stands Castle-brown, lately purchased by the society of Jesuits for the establishment of a seminary ; at the fifteen jrrile stone, a cross road runs lo the right. rOR IRELAND* Parishes in the Barony of Claine. Timahoc, Carrogli, Ballinafagh, Claiiie, Downings,, Bride Church, Killybegs, Claine^ — Pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Lifty, has a fine built Church, with a lofty square stee- ple, crowned with a neat spire, near this village are the ruins of an old Abbey, where a synod consisting of twenty-six bishops, and many abbots, was held in the year 1162, which prohibited any individual, who had not studied at Armagh, to become a professor of divinity. This village was attacked on the 24'th of May 1798, by a considerable body of rebels, who were discomfited by the Milicent Legion commanded by Captain Griffith, and by a company of the Ar- magh Militia, commanded by Captain Jephson. Here two cross roads issue to the right, and two to the left, the direct road leads to Prosperous, at the seventeen mile stone, a cross road runs to the left, at the eighteen mile stone stands the town of Prosperous ; erected by Captain Brooke ; here a cotton factory, attempted to be established by the liberal proprie- tor of this little colony, still exists in a languishing condition; a direct road runs from this town to Maynooth ; and from its western extremity, a road runs to the right; and from the opposite point, a^nother to the left ; the direct road from Claine flanks the town. This town was attacked on the 24th of May 1798, by an immense body of rebels com- manded by Doctor Esmond then first Lieutenant of the Milicent Legion; the feeble garrison consisting of a detach- ment of the North Cork Militia, and a few cavalry of the Ancient Britons, after achieving prodigies of valour, were, together with their gallant commander captain Swaine, consum- ed in the Barrack which the rebels set on fire, See Musgrave's Narrative^ vol. Isf^ page 288. et Sequel. A little beyond the town of Prosperous, a cross road, and the ruins of an old church stand on the right; — at the nineteen mile-stone, a cross road running right and left ; and a little be- yond the twenty mile-stone, the Grand Canal intersects the roucl^ KEW traveller's guide Parishes in the Barony of ConneL Ballimany, Bride Church, Kilniaoge, Old Connel, Morristown, Great Connel, Rathernon, Lady's town. At the twenty-one mile stone, a cross road runs to the right i St the twenty-two mile stone, stands the Church of Kilmaoge, and a cross road runs right and left ; a little on this side of the twenty four mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that to the left ieadingto Kildare, and that to the i^ight leading to Rathangan; between these sections lies the hill of Allen, from which the great Bog derives its name : on the declivity of this celebrated hill is the natural cave, w^hich is traditionally reported to contain the remains of Oscar, after he lost his life in the battle fought on the banks of the river Durtula winding in the valley beneath ; while he lay in this cave he was carefully watched by his faithful dog Bran ; the scene of Macpherson's Temora is laid in this romantic hill, composed of calcareous rocks, among which some stones are found well adapted to form mill-stones of the best quality. This hill from external indications, is supposed to contain rich mines of copper ore, Parishes in the Barony of West and East Ojphaly. Ballysax, Kilrush, W alter^-town, Ballvsonnon, Lackagh, Carne, Dunmurry, Nurney, Donany, FeighcuUen, Pollards- town, Knavens-town, Kildangan, Rathangan, Monastereven, 'Ivildare, Thomas-town, Tully. To Ratha7igan hy Prosperous. (Miles.) Prosperous . • , , , . , — | 18 Jlathangan . . , , . , . 12 | 30 At the twenty-five mile-stone of the road running between Kilmaoge and Raihangan, a cross road runs to the left; and at the twenty-seven mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left. Rathan^an^ — At the twenty-eight mile stone is situated the tewn of Rathangan, on the southern bank of the Little Barrow, ICR IRELAND. 117 The grand Canal runs to the left of this town, hence three roads fosue to the right, and another to the left winds along the Bog to Monastereven. In the rebellion of 1798, it was piilaged, and many of its loyal Protestant inhabitants most barbarously and wantonly massacred by the rebels in the absence of the garrison, withdrawn to discharge other urgent military duties. For detailed particulars, See Miisgrave's Hii>iorij^ Vol. 1st. page 300^ et sc-- quel. On the road leading from Kilmaogeto Kildare, at the twenty- five mile stone a cross road runs to the left, and a little farther on, iinother to the right; at the twenty-seven mile stone, stands the village of Rathbride, and a cross road runs riglit and leiU 7o Monastereven hy Naas. (Miles.) Naas . 4 . . • • ; • — Kildare 91 Monastereven • . . , ♦ • 51 151 244 30 Ciirmgli of Kildare^ — A little farther on is a cross road to the right, then the celebrated Curragh of Kildare, containing three thodsand acres, deemed the finest common in Europe :' nothing can exceed the softness of the turf, diversified by gentle sv/ells and inequalities of surface : the soil is a fine dry loam, resting on a gra- velly bottom. There still exist some scattered vestiges of circular entrenchments; Ki|dare is distant twenty-four miles and three quarters by the Naas road from the Castle of Dublin ; here all the roads passing from Claine, Prosperous, Donadea^ and Rathangan, conterminate at the north end of the town, wdiich is governed by a sovereign, recorder, and two portrieves. It returned two member.^ to the Irish Parliament previous to the Union. Here is a round tower one hundred and thirty feet high, in an excellent state of preservation. In theyearl29l the earldom of Kildare was trans- ferred to John Fitz Thomas, then Lord Ophaly, who in con- sequence of some private quarrel challenged William De Vesey, then Earl of Kildare, to single combat, and in consequence of De Vesey's declining the combat, he was degraded from his title and stripped ofmostof his patrimony, afact which determines the barbarity of the age, and the insecurity of property. Tli^ cathe- dral is in ruins, a great portion of the See lands have been alienated, so that the Episcopal revenues chiefly arise from tlie deanery of Christ Church annexed to this see. Here are the j'.uips of different religious institutions. In the year 1S09 ap^rL'a- 118 NEW traveller's guide ment was held here. It was a garrison town in ancient times, and had experienced many disasters and conflagrations, in the various vicissitudes of revolutionary warfare. The rebels of 1798 got possession of this town, wherein they commit- ted the most horrible excesses, until they were finally routed by General Duff with prodigious slaughter. A little beyond the twenty-five mile stone on the Monastereven road, a cross road runs to the left, and a little beyond the twenty-six mile stone, a cross road and the ruins of Lackey Castle, stand on the right. Monasterevin, — Distant thirty miles from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Barrow, which here intersects the Grand Canal. Two cross roads run to the right ; the direct road crosses the river by a strong stone bridge; across road to the left communicates with Athy : here is a nursery for all the Leinster Charter schools, and a fine modern built Church, with a lofty steeple. Near the town is situated Moore Abbey ^ — Founded by St. Abben, who made it a sanc- tuary. At the general suppression of monasteries, it was granted to Lord Audley, but is now the property of the Marquis of Drogheda, by whom this venerable fabric was beautifully repaired : it still retains the external appearance of its ori- ginal destination. This town was attacked on the twenty- fourth of May, 1798, by a large body of rebels, who were bravely repulsed by the yeomanry. — From Kildare, a road runs to the left passing by TuUy, where are the ruins of a preceptory of the Knights Templars. — On the road passing between Kildare and Athy, are the ruins of Gray Abbey to the right. At the first mile stone, runs a cross road to the right ; between the third and fourth mile stones, a cross road runs right and left ; a little beyond the fourth mile stone a cross road runs to the right ; at the sixth mile stone, a cross road runs right and left ; a little beyond the seventh mile stone, is a cross road to the left ; and at the eighth mile stone from Kildare, the direct road between Dublin and Athy, unites with this road. Parishes in the Barony of West Narragh and Wieban. Athy^ — Distant thirty-two miles and an half from the Castle of Dublin, and eleven from Kildare, is situated on the Athy, Kilberry, Churchtown, St. .John's, St, MichaeFs. FOR IRELAND. 119 banks of the Barrow. It is governed by a sovereign, re- corder, and two bailiffs. By a charter of James the I. it is the assizes town alternately witli Naas. Here are the ruin« of two Monasteries. In the site where this town now stands, was the ancient ford of Athbrodain, celebrated for being part of the scene of action in the battle of Mulla Mast ; it was also by this ford that Donough O'Brien pas- sed in his retreat from the battle of Ciontarf. This town was protected by a castle built in the year 1575, whicli is now converted into a goal. Previous to the Union, it returned two members to the Irish Parliament. At the cast end of. the town, all the roads, converging from the diffe- rent parts of the county, concentre. A road runs to iho left along the bank of the^ Barrow towards Carlow, from which cross roads issue to the left, to communicate with the Castle-dermot road, running in almost a parallel direc- tion. — From the west end of the tovm three roads issue^ and a little beyond Athy, the County of Kildare termi- nates in this direction. Parishes m the Barony of Ihcath and Oughterany. Balraheen, Clonshambo, Drummurghill, Donadea, Kilcock, Scullogestown. Cloncurry, Mainham, Leixlip. — On the great western mail-coach road, the County of Kildare commences a little on this side of Leixlip, pleasantly situated in a valley, at the confluence of the rivers Rye and Liffy, and distant eight miles from the Castle of Dublin. Here a cross road runs to the right. At the upper end of the town to the left, stands a magnificent old Castle, delightfully situated on a rising ground, overhanging the Lifify ; near which is a beautiful cascade or water-fall called the Salmon Leap. On the rising ground beyond the town, a cross road luns to the left, and about half a mile distance to the right, is the celebrated Aqueduct of the Royal Canal, carried across the river Rye, eighty-five feet above the surface of the river. The Canal after intersect- ing the road, runs in a parallel direction on the left to Kilcock. f To Cloncurry^ hy LeixUp* (Miles.) Leixlip • . . , — 8 Maynooth • . . 3i 11^ Kilcock . ^ . . 3 14<|- Cloncurry . . . 4118^ 120 NEW IrlRAVELLErt's GUIDE At the nine mile-Stone there is a crossroad to theleft, and alittltS farther on, another to the right. At the ten mile-stone stand the Tuins of an old church, and a beautiful obelisk to the left. On the right, the extensive demesne, and superb mansion of Carton, the residence of his Grace the Duke of Leinster, attract particular notice. This vast lawn waves over gentle hills, interspersed with plantations to a great extent, and affords a great variety of pros- pect. A gentle stream winds through the whole, which has been firtificially enlarged into a fine river, over which an elegant bridge is constructed. On the most elevated ground, a lofty square tower is erected, from whose top, the whole scenery may be viewed. * On this side of the eleven mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left. Maynooth^ — -Distant eleven miles and an half from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat modern built town, having a large Inn and fine Market-house. A Protestant Charter School was erected here in the year 1750, liberally endowed by Robert Earl of Kildare. On the right of the town, are the ruins of an old Castle, formerly the residence of the noble family of Lein-» ster. The Church stands at the upper end of the town, contigu- ous to the College of St. Patrick, an extensive range of build- ings, erected and endowed by the munificent liberality of the Irish Parliament, for the education and instruction of candidates wishing to embrace the Irish Catholic priesthood. From the lower end of the town, a road winds to the right, round the demesne of Carton ; from the centre of the tcv*^n a cross, road runs to the left, and from the upper end of the town, a straight road runs direct by RathcofFy, to Prosperous. Within half a mile of Prosperous, at a place called the Cott, there is a very strong chalybeate spa, richly impregnated with sulpliureous particles, which, at some indefinite period, may attract valetu- dinarians afflicted with scrophulous and cutaneous maladies. On the left of this road, is the round tower of Tagadce. The Royal Canal runs close by the town to the left : at the thirteenth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left, and the ruins of an old church are situated on the left ; a little farther on, a cross road runs to the left, and a little on this side of KUcock, is a cross road to the left. Kilcock^ — Distant fourteen miles and an half from the Castle of Dublin, is a straggling, irregularly built, populous village. Its Church is a plain stone structure; tlie approach through a dirty lane is narrow and inconvenient. This town fell into the possession of the rebels in 1798 for a few days, in the absence of tlie military, and many attrocities were committed during FOR IRELAND. 121 this temporary occupancy. For particulars, See Musgrave*s History of these sanguinary transactions. From the left of the town, two cross roads issue, one passing by Donadea Castle, the residence of Sir Fenton Aymer, Baronet, thence by Black- wood to the Curragh ; and another in a more westerly direction towards Hortland, the seat of Sir William Hort, Baronet. — Two cross roads issue to the right, and the Royal Canal passes close to the town on the left. At the fifteenth mile-stone, the Canal intersects the road^ and a cross road runs to the right ; at the seventeenth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left, and a little farther on, a cross road runs right and left ; at tha eighteenth mile-stone a cross road runs to the right. P Cloncurrj/y'^ls distant eighteen miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin ; here are the ruins of an old church to the right, and a cross road running right and left. Parishes in the Barony of Carherry^ Lulh'amore, Cadamstown, Mylerstown, Carberry, Nurney, Kilmore, Kilreeny, Carrick, Ballinadrumnao Jolinstoxon, — A little beyond Cloncurry, the great mail-coach road enters the County of Meath. Johnstown, distant twenty- One miles from the Castle of Dublin, is situated on the Black- water River. Two cross roads diverge to the right, towards the verge of the County, which is here bounded by the river Boyne ; another issues to the left, and the direct road leads to Castle Carberry : at the twenty-second mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right. On this side of the twenty-third mile-stone, ^ cross road runs to the right, and beyond the twenty-fourth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left. To Castle Carberry ^ by KilcocJc. (Miles.) Kilcock • . . . — 14| Cloncurry . • . 4| 18f Johnstown Bridge • • 2 21 Castle Carberry . . . 4| 251 Castle Carberry — Is distant twenty- five miles aild three quarters from the Castle. A cross road runs right and left ; the direct road leads towards Edenderry. On th^ right is tl.e R 122 NEW TKAVELLER's GUIDE Charter School^ burnt in the rebellion of 1798; and a little farther on to the right are the ruins of an old Castle, seated on the bi'ow of ti steep, rocky peninsulated eminence, whence there is an extensive prospect. To the left of the town is Newberry, the beautiful seat of Lord Harberton ; the Grand Canal passes through the extremity of the County in this direc- tion. The natural soil of this whole district, is hearly of the same quality — astrong clay, very tenacious of moisture, and which \vill not bear stirring in wet weather — for mode of husbandry, &c. See Mawson^s Statistical Survey of this County^ and Ledwidge's very learned Aiitiq^iities for -a copious and satisfactory account of its numerous castles, abbeys, and monasteries* FOR lEfLAND. 123 A Table of Fairs held in this County every raonih in the year. Places where held. Time Places where held. None . • . • Jan. Kilcock .... Kildare . • . . 11 12 - - . . - . . , ..- Feb. Castledermot 24 KilcuUen Bridge . 2 Kilballinerin . . 25 Kildare .... 12 Carberry . . . 26 Castledermpt . . Naas ..... 27 Johnstown Bridge . 29 T. Mar. Ballitore . . . 10 June Haas , . • . 37 Naas .... 7 Athy .... 17 Monastereven . . 8 Bed Lion 25 Moone . • . , 8 Kilcock .... 25 Rathangan . . . 8 KilcuUen Bridgfe , 5J5 Athy • ; • • {) -h/r CD ' JMonastereven . . 28 KilcuUen Bridge KilcuUen . . . 1 1 Narramore . . . 28 22 Kilteel .... Timolin , . . 21< 28 4j)r. 5 Ballimaney . . Kildare .... 29 Timolin . . . 19 Johnstown Bridge , 20 July Kilmaganny • . 20 Rathbridge . . . 5 Kildare . . • . 20 Leixlip . . ... 11 Athv \ 25 Kilgowan . . . Athv .... 20 Kildrouo-hill 27 25 Castledermot . • 27 Claine .... 25 Claine .... 28 French Furze . 26 Celbridge . . . 28 Tulley .... 27 Monastereven 31 May Calverstown . . 1 Aifg. Kilteel .... 1 Castledermot . . 4 5 Kildangon . , . 1 Naas . . , . . 10 Hortland , . . 2 Kilcock .... 11 Leixlip .... 3 j\ew bridge . . 15 Newbridge , . . Maynooth . . . 3 Ballitore . . . 15 4 Ballimaney ... 21 Ballyonan . . . 6 Rathangan . . . 26 Kilffowan • . , ^ 1 Russelwood . . 2.3 NEW traveller's GUIBB Tlaces where held, Celbridge . . KilcuUen Bridge Red Lion . . Maynooth . ^ Kildare . . . Calverstown Kilbarenerin Castledermot Kilteel , . . Kildangan . . Kilcock . . . Carberry Kilciillen Kilgowan Leixlip . Athy • . Johnstown Bridge Tlaces where held. Claine . . . Ballyonan . . Kildare . . . Ballimany Kilteel . Celbridge Rathangan Naas Ballitore . Monastereven • Kilcullen Bridge Hortland . . Athy . . . Castledermot Johnstown Bridge TuUy . . . Time. 15 28 29 Nov. 1 1 7 12 22 SO Dec, 6 8 9 II 19 n n VOR IRELAND. KING'S COUNTY. King's County, is bounded on the north by East and West Meath ; on the east by JCildare and Queen's County , on the south by Tipperary; and on the west by Gal way; from which it is separated by the Shannon. Its greatest extent from east to west is thirty-two miles ; and from north to south thirr ty-one miles ; it contains 282,200 acres Irish plantation measure, of which 126,262 acres are bog, mountain, and waste. It is dir vided into eleven Baronies, which contain fifty-two Parishes. Baronies in the King^s County. Coolstown, Kilcoursey, Eglish, Warrenstown, Garrycastle, Ballibritt, Philipstown, Geashill, Clonlish. Ballycowen, Palliboy, Soil. — The general soil of the arable lands is not naturally very fertile, and chiefly consist of either a deep moor, or a shal- low gravelly loam. Lime-stone every w^here abounds in rich quarries, and lime-stone gravei forms a valuable manure in this district; this county is well watered by wholesome springs. The Brosna, which rises in West-Meath, winds through its centre until it empties its waters into the Shannon, which forms its western boundary ; it is also touched by the Boyne, in the north eastern extremity near Edenderry, and the Barrow forms its line of separation from the Queen's County near Portarlington. No coal mines have been discovered ; but an extensive tract of bogs consitutes an exhaustless source of cheap fuel to its inha- bitants, through which many chalybeate wells are interspersed* 'J'he great mountains called Slieve-Bloom, are situated ow 126 NEW TEAVELLEH's GUIDE the south eastern extremity, running a range of fifteen miles, through which there is but one steep narrow and craggy pass, named Glandine Gap, not more than five feet wide, and may be aptly deemed the Irish Thermopilae. The soil of these moun- tains is argillaceous, thickly interspersed with free-stone rocks. There now exists no traces of these vast forests, for which this county was anciently so celebrated. ParisJics in the barony of Coolslown» Castropeter, Ballinakill, Kelligney, KOADS. Edendeny^ — At the twenty- nine mile stone, stands Edenderry village, mostly inhabited by that peaceable and industrious class of people, the Quakers. On the summit of a hill are the ruins of an old castle, and the church is situated to the left ; two cross roads issue to the right, one leading to Clon^rd, and another to Mullingar; and apother to the left leads to Clonbullock. The Grand Canal runs close by this village ; on this side of the thirty-second mile stone a cross road runs right and left, and the ruins of Ballenahill Church are situated to the left. On this side of the thirty-third'mile stone, a cross road leads to the right. The half of this barony is bog and waste; the pastures are ge- nerally rich and luxuriant, and particularly adapted for dairies. On the hill near Edenderry, now the church-yard, there was formerly a silver mine attempted to be worked ; no marls or clays of a calcareous quality are discovered in this barony. At Esker there is a chalybeate spa, deemed wholesome ; at Monas- teroras are the ruins of a spacious Monastery, contiguous to which is a charming spring of the purest water, sanctified by the superstition of the illiterate peasants : Ballykillin-Fort in this barony, was a celebrated rath defended with strong works and very difficult of access ; in the centre there is a vault. This district abounded with a chain of forts strongly fortified, and commanded the bog-passes. Parishes in the ffaronies of Philipstown and Warrenstown. Kilclonfert, Croghan, Clonchurch, Ballycommon, Philipstown, BallymackwilHam, FOR IRELAND. V21 P/z/Z/p^z^oww,— Distant thifty-eight miles and a lialf from tlie Castle of Dublin, is so named from Philip of Spain, hiisbami to Queen Mary, who, in the year 1557, reduced this refractory district into a county. It is a very sorry village to constitute the Shire-town of a County. Here a spacious goal has been lately erected, contiguous to the horse barrack ; it was formerly a garrison, of whose fortifications no traces remain but the ruins of an old castle, situated on the banks of a rivulet which w^aters the town. Previous to the Union it returned two mem- bers to the Irish Parliament. The Grand Canal runs close to the town, and has materially contributed to improve its con- dition. Here the roads approaching on the right, from Trim, TyrrelFs-Pass, and Kilbeggan, conterrainate and unite. Two cross roads to the left, pass to Geashel and Killeagh. At the forty-one mile-stone two cross roads to the left communicate with Clonbullock and Geashill. The barony of Warrenstown, the smallest in the County, excells in the richness of its soil, scarcely containing an unprofitable acre. Here there is no tillage, but what merely supplies domestic consumption, its fine and fertile pastures being exclusively occupied in grazing — here a thousand cows and bullocks are annually fattened, and several thousand sheep. There is only the small village of Rhode in this district, and a brook named the Yellow River is its only streamlet. The greatest portion of the Barony of Philipstown is occupied in tillage : all the uplands are arable, and the moors or low lands, are stocked with numerous herds of store cattle. Croghan Hill, which forms the boundary of the County, at the north-west extremity of this Barony, is a conical hill of veiy considerable elevation, beautifully clothed with the most luxuriant verdure to its summit, where there is an ancient cemetery, and at its base are the ruins of an old Church, The soil of this hill is a hot lime-stone gravel. PuHshes in ihe Baronies of Bdlycowen and Kilcoursey, Lynally, Durrow, KilbridetangaUj Ragban, TuUamore, Kilmanaghan. TuUamore.—Kt the forty -four mile-stone, are the ruins of an old church to the right. Tullamore, distant forty-six miles from the Castle of Dublin, is nearly divided into two equal portions, by a river of the same name. It is a neat, regularly well built town, and owes its present thrivhig condition to the paternal fostering indulgence, and munificent liberality of NEW traveller's GUIDE its noble proprietor, Lord Charleville, who converted a straggling group of taatclied cabins^ into stately streets, composed cl handsome dwellings, v/hich exhibit the comforts of a wealthy and industrious population. Such an example, if universally imitated by the opulent proprietors, would quickly give the national character a very different feature, as judicious en- couragement promotes industry, and industry and competency create contentment and civilization. The linen manufacture lias been introduced, and under auspicious protection, cannot fail to flourish. The barracks are spacious and handsome, and the market-house, built at his lordship's expensej is very well adapted for its intended purpose. The Grand Canal runs close by the town. Here the roads passing from Tyrrel's-Pass and Kil- beggan, on the right, and from Killeagh on the left, eontermi- nate. The Church is adorned with a lofty steeple : a cross road leads to the right, and a little beyond the town are the ruins of an old castle to the right. Lord Charleville's demesne comprising 1,500 acres, extends to the suburbs ; it is delightfully wooded with full grown timber, judiciously intermingled with young thriving plantations. The undulating hills covered with forest trees, the various cascades contrived at the different falls of the river Cladagh, now tumbling with impetuous rapidity, nnd then rolling with majestic giandeur over huge rocks in the valley, produce a charming effect. Grottos and rustic bridges are tastefully disposed, and an artificial excavation of nearly eight acres, formed by hi& lordship, is so admirably executed, as to give all the appearance of a natural formation ; here the poetical maxim is happily observed, arsesticlare artem. At the forty-eight mile-stone, the road winds to the right ; at the forty- nine mile-stone a cross road on the right leads to Clara ; at the fifty-one mile-stone, stands Pallas Church, and the ruins of an old Castle on the right, and a cross road runs right and left. Near the fifty-third mile-stone, are the ruins of two old Castles, one on the right, another on the left ; at the fifty-four mile- stone are the ruins of an old Castle to the right, and a cross road on the left ; at the fifty-five mile-stone a cross road on the left unites. Frankfort^ — Distant fifty-five miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the Silvei-river : here is a Charter school, from this town three cross roads issue to the left, one runs to R©screa, another to Killine, and a third to Eglish, and there is a rross road to the right. The greater portion of the Barony of Baliycowen is arable, and among the moors are small clusters of lime-stone hills, wliich yield a very good FOR IMLAND. 129 pasture for sheep and store cattle. Kilcoufsey Barony, from the superior excellence of its soil, has hitherto been mostly occupied in grazing, but since the introduction and extension of the linen manufacture, its population is rapidly increasing. Parishes in the Barony of Garry Castle. Lusmagh, Killigally, Reynaugh, Clonmacnois, Lemanaghan, Tessauran. Galen, At the sixty mile-stone, a cross road leads to the riglit ; at the sixty-one mile-stone are the ruins of an old castle to the right. Cloghan. — At the sixty-two mile-stone^ stands the neat village of Cloghan, which has a most comfortable Inn on the left; here the road from Farebane, on the right, unites. — A cross road on the right leads to Athlone, and another to the left leads to Eglish : at the sixty-four mile-stone a cross road runs right and left ; at the sixty-five mile-stone, are a cross road, and the ruins of an old castle to the right. Banagher^ — Distant sixty-six miles and an half from the Castle of Dublin, is a tolerably large, well built town, pleasantly situated on the eastern bank of the river Shannon, over which there is a fine stone bridge. It has a barrack for two compa- nies of foot; a cross road runs to the left. Previous to the Union it returned two members to the Irish Parliament. A little beyond the forty-seven mile-stone, on the road running between Kil- beggan and Shannon Bridge, across road runs to the right; at the forty-eight mile- stone, a cross road runs right and left. To Banagher^ by Edenderry. Edenderry Philipstown TuUamore Frankford Cloghan Banagher Clara^ — Distant forty-eight miles and an half from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat, handsome village, pleasantly situated on (Mi les.) • 29 * • SS| • • . . n 46 n 55| 61 92 4j 661 130 NEW traveller's GUlOE tlie river Brosna. The Church stands to the right, and a cross road runs right and left; this is the only town in the Barony of Kilcoursey. The linen manufactory is here carried on with spirit; near this town are the ruins of Kilcoursey Castle, whence the Barony is named, and the family of Lambert derives the title of Baron. Balhjcumber^ — Distant fifty-one miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is situated on the banks of the Brosna. The Church stands on a rising ground, at a small distance to the right. A cross road runs right and left ; at the fifty- fourth mile-stone, are the ruins of a Church to the left, and the ruins of an old Castle to the right. Near the fifty-sixth mile- stone are the ruins of two old Castles to the left. Farebane Village^ — Distant fifty-seven miles from Dublin^ is delightfully situated on the banks of the Brosna. A cross road runs right and left, and the church stands to the right. Near this village on the right, are the ruins of Clanmacnoisj celebrated for being the cemetery of many Irish chieftains, princes, and monarchs ; these splendid fragments of venerable antiquity, are situated on a rising ground, on the eastern bank of the river Shannon ; this was originally an Abbey, founded by St. Kieran, in the year 549, but was afterwards erected into a bishoprick, which is now annexed to the see of Meath. Here is a stone cross, whose shaft is fifteen feet high. There are also two round towers, and another at Farebane. For a description of architectural ornaments, still existing, See Ledvoidge's learned Antiquities 07i Monastic Institutions ; at . the fifty-eighth mile-stone, a cros^ road runs to the right, and a little beyond the fifty-ninth mile-stone, a cross road runs light and left, and the ruins of an old castle are situated to the right; near the sixty-one mile- stone, are the ruins of an old castle to the right. Shannon Bridge^ — Distant sixty-five miles from Dublin Castle, terminates the County in this direction. A great portion of this barony is a naked rock, with scarcely any stratum of earth ; such a barren soil must exhibit a miserable popula- tion, unless the introduction of the linen manufactory, already established in other parts of this country, may create a source of employment for its inhabitants, otherwise doomed to languish in hopeless poverty. Neither mines, niarl, nor calcareous clays have been discovered, but there are many Chalybeate springs in this district. Parishes in the Barowj of Geashill. Gcashill, Killinicur, Kilbride, FOR IRELAND. ■131 CImegowe7U — On the road passing between Portarlington and Parsonstown is the village of Clonegowan, distant forty miles and a quarter, from Dublin. A cross road on the riojht leads to Geashill, which though now an inconsiderable village, is a place of great antiquity; here are the rums pt a large, spacious, and lofty castle, the noted residence of the O'Molloy's in ancient times : this castle was battered by Crom- well, and withstood a long and obstinate siege ; the garrison was commanded by Lady Ophelia, who, it seems made more resistance to this redoubted warrior than any of her country- men: the Parish Church is recorded to have existed 1,200 years. On the glebe of Geashill, is a spring of an extraordinary quality. At the forty-sixth mile-stone, stands the village of Killeigh. At the foot of an hill, near the church, are.., the ruins of an old abbey on the right, founded in the year 540, by St, SincheaL In the reign of Edward the iirst, a honse for Grey Friars, was erected by O'Connor; a cross road to the right, leads to Tullamore. This is the best wooded district in the County ; the soil is a deep clay, on a substratum of gravel ; this barony is the estate of Lord Digby, at the fifty-two mile-stone a cross road runs right and left. Parishes in the Baronies of Ballihoy and Eglish. Balliboy, Drumculleu, Killahy, Eglish. Ballihoy^ — An inconsiderable village, situated on the Silver^ river, is distant fifty-six miles from Dublin Castle. A cross road runs right and left, and a church stands to the right. At the fifty-seventh mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left. At the sixty-two mile-stone the road from Frankford unites on the right, and Eglish Church is situated to the right. In the barony of Balliboy, are Lakes Pallas and Anna ; the latter forms a portion of the boundary between the King's and Queen's Counties, and constitutes the source from which the Siiver-river flows. Near this lake are the ruins of Kilhnany Castle; this is the poorest and worst cultivated barony in the county. For alleged causes, See Sir Charles Coote's Statistical Survey^ page 82. Eghsh Barony has neither a town, village, nor manufactory ; there is only one extensive bleaching green at CastlQ Eglisli. In a very small compass are the ruins of five castles, of which there exist no historical records; at Baliincar there is a spa, of the same quahty as that of Castle ConnelL 132 NEW traveller's GUIDE This district is considerably overrun with moors, and the up- lands are stubborn clays, and in some places a light gravel. In the demesne of Droughtville, is a strong rath which com- mands the Avhole district ; it is difficult of access, and defen- ded by a regular and double course of works, still in good preservation. jBih\ ( or Porsonsio^wn^J — Distant sixty-three miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, is a large populous and regularly built town, situated on a river of the same name. Here is an excellent Market-House and an Infantry-barrack ; it is adorned with a fine old venerable castle, the residence of Lord Ross, the noble proprietor of the town ; this castle was besieged by Sarsfjeld, and relieved by Kirk. In the centre of the town is a column of the Doric order, whose shaft is twenty-five feet high, crowned with a pedestrian statue of the late Duke of Cumberland, in a Roman habit. This town is situated at the verge of the County bordering on Tipperary^ with which it communicates by three roads to the left. The direct road leads to Banagher, distant six miles. At the three mile-stone a cross road on the left, leads to Portumna; at the four mile-stone, are a cross road and the ruins of an old castle to the right; near the five mile-stone a cross road runs to the right, and the ruins of an old castle are situated on the left; and a little farther on, this road unites with the Frank- ford road, leading to Banagher. The soil of this Barony consists of two kinds, lime-stone gravel, and a deep stiff clay, '^'he p^isture is generally light and only fit for a, sheep walk. Parishes in ilie Barony of Ballijhritt. Seikyran, Kilcolemanj Aghancop, Birr, Ettagh, Rosscomore, To Birr hy Cloncgo'isoan. Clonegowan Killeagh Balliboy pirr (Miles.) \i 461 TOR IRELAND* 1S3 Parishes in ilie Barony of Clonlisk. Castletownely, Finglass, Shinrone, Cnllenwaine, Kilcomin, Tcmpleharn% punkerrin, Kilmiirycly, | Dunl^errin^ — On the Limerick Mail-coach-road, passin^j through the south eastern extremity of this County, stands the Village of Dunkerrin ; distant sixty-three miles and three quarters Trom the capital ; here are a neat church, a charter school, and a comfortable inn. FranJcford, — Contiguous to this little town is situated the de- mesne of Frankford. The mansion is antique, but regularly defended with fortifications, a fosse, and a draw-bridge. Glocester demesne is very extensive, but flat and frequently overflowed by the redundant vv^aters of the Brosna. The mansion is very modern. The entire of this Barony is ex- tremely well inhabited, by a wealthy gentry, laudably occupied in reclaiming moors, through which many chalybeate spa?: are interspersed. Two cross roads communicating between Roscrea and Birr, pass through this Barony, the one passes by the Leap-Castle, built on the declivity of a hill, com- manding a very strong pass. Before the discovery of gun- powder, it was impregnable ; but modern tactics render it useless, as it is commanded by the adjacent hills. The other by Shinrone, a village, which, from its central situation, is most commodiously adapted for an extensive trade and manufactory from its local advantages. Fuel and water here abound, and a collateral branch of the Grand Canal, extended to its vicinity, would soon exalt it from penury to affluence. Here are erected a handsome church, and a commodious market house. The population is generally composed of Protestant inhabitants, whose loyalty counteracted the wild innovations of refractory, revolutionary, and bigotted insur- gents ; a circumstance which exhibits a solemn warning to statesmen and legislators, how affectionately they should cherish, and encourage that identity of religious commu- nion, which constitutes the staff", the refuge, and the stay of the reformation in the days of trouble. There are many raths scattered through this Barony, Cangor Castle was noted for obstinately resisting a long siege of the Irish army, but the garrison being basely betrayed, were consumed, to* ther with the Castle, by the barbarians. 134* NEW traveller's GUIDE RatJimore Castle^ — Had very lofty and strong walls, en- circling two acres of ground, and protected by four great towers; a deep and wide fosse surrounded the whole. It was so advantageously situated that it could not be outflanked* Sir Charles Cootes's very judicious Statistical Survey of this County, contains much useful information, particularly interest- ing to the hind owners of this district, respecting the best jiiode to be adopted for diminishing the numerous wastes with w^hich it abounds. To Birr hy Frankford. Frankford Birr (Miles. 55|| — 9tI 65 FOR IRELAND, 135 A Table of Fairs held in the Kings County every month in the year. Places where held* Time. Places where held. Time, Jan. Philipstown - - 22 Cloghan - - 1 Shannon-bridge 2h Feb. July Clara « - - - 1 Kilcommon - - - 5 Parsonstown - - 11 Shin rone - - - 9 Cloghan - - - 245 Xullaniore - - - 10 Cloghan • « - Cloneffown - - - 1 1 22 Mar. Eden deny - - - 2 Clara - - - - 25 Cloghan - - IT Ballycowen - - - SI Philipstown ■ - 28 TTpivnoTif* » X Cl iJctilC? » i— 2 CrpcTfiri - » - - 1 1 IvTnnpvfra 1 1 — — 3 Cloghan - - - X Brosney - - - BanaoTottv « • 11 Wfnu 12 XJctlJct^ilCL » «■ 1 J. Vvnjyiiclii — — 15 |-rf>QCrnll _ > _ IB 1 X I 1 f^Ti /~4n ■•>•■• 16 9 l!n 1 Ifi'n'TXT^ci 1 n «. i«. — 20 Balliboy - - - - 4? Caheronlish - - 20 Kilcummen - - 4? Balliboy - - - 21 1 ,lr"»frnon _ ^ _ 4^ T^iiT'QnnQf own — «. X. ell oVJllio Lv7 Vy 11 25 Tt niiilinnp — _ » 4h Parsonstown - - 5 Sep. oiuiinioii-ui iti^e *~ o vviognan - - - o lirnmipv — • xjy Colic y g T^fififioclipr — - • XJCtliCt^llCL — i« • Cloghan - - ~ 15 iviuiitjyy all - - - Till lam OTP - - - o o 1 >i 1 0 OCVCll V^llLll ^IIL-O 20 Ploro - - - - V/'ialcl - ^ • 1 Shannon-bridge - 9Q A'laiiivium ^ no XvlllllCLiy — — ~ o June Geashil - - - - G KiUeigh . ^ . 1 Killion . » - - 10 Dunkerrin - - -. 5 Killiegh - - - 1() Killion . - - . 7 Kilcommon - - - IS Edenderry - - - 8 Ferbane - - - 20 D arrow - - - - 9 Tullamore - - - 21 Cloghan « - - 2\ Banngher - ^ - ' 28 136 K£W l^RAVELLEIi's GUXDi: Places where held. Time, Places where held. Time, Cloghan - - - - 29 Dec. Ballicumber - - Philipstown - - 1 3 » Nov. Clara - - - - 1 Balliboy - - - G Dunkerrin - - - 3 Parsonstown - - 10 Edenderry - - - 4 Cregan - - - 12 Banagher - - - 8 Cloghan « - - 12 Frankford - - - 8 Dunkerrin - - - 21 CuUenwian - - 11 Shannon - - - 21 Shinrone - - - 21 Geashill - - - - 26 CastlecufF - - - 22 Moneygall - - - 24< tan IRELANTDi 137 QUEEN'S COUNTY. The Queen's County, so called in honour of Queen Mary, is bounded on tile west, by the King's County; on the north, by Kildare ; on the east, by Carlovv ; and on the south, by Kilkenny and Tipperary. Its greatest extent from north to south is about 25 Irish miles, and from east to west about 21 Irish miles. Its superfices is estimated to contain 235,300 acres Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountains, and wastes. It is divided into eight Baronies ; — Slewmargy, Bally- adams, Stradbally, CuUinagh, Maryborough, Upper Ossory, Portnehincb, llnehinch, which are divided into fifty-one Parishes. The soil, originally marshy, swampy, and boggVj is now considerably reclaimed, and the forests, which formerly overshadowed its entire surface, are now utterly extinguished. Parishes in the Barony of Sleimnargy. Killebane, Rathaspic, Slaty, Killeskin^ Shrule, ROODS'. There are only a few inconsiderable villages and hamlets in this Barony. On the road leading from Athy to Castlecomer, Queen's County commences at the thirty-fourth mile-stone. — On this side of the thirty-sixth mile-stone, Ballylinan Church is on tlie right, and a cross road from Carlow on the left; on this side of the thirty-seventh mile stone, a cross road runs to Carlow on the left, and a little farther on, are the ruins of an T 13S K£w traveller's aviDt old castle to the left ; at the forty-first mile-stone a cross road runs to Carlow on the left : here the coal pits commence on both sides of the road, and the County terminates at the forty- second mile-stone. Here a small stream divides the County of Kilkenny from the Queen's County. Parishes in the Barony of Ballyadams. Tankardstown, Fontstown, Ballyadams, Monksgrange. TuUowmoy, Killebanj Rahin, Sangana, Ballyadams, and Ballylohan are the only villages delineated to be situated in this small Barony, Stabban built a sumptuous Abbey at the village of Killeban ; no traces of this monastery now exist, on whose site a paro- chial church has been erected. Parishes in the Barony of Cullenagh. Cremorgan, Abbyleix, Dysertgallen, Timahoe. R0ADS» On the road leading from Athy to Timahoe, Queen s County commences at the thirty-sixth mile-stone ; at the thirty -eighth mile-stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right runs to Stradbally, and the other on the left, to Timahoe. Timahoe^ — Distant forty-two miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a small village, where an Abbey was founded by St. Mochoe ; here also stands a round tower. In the rebel- lion of 1641, a sanguinary battle was fought near this village, between the insurgents and the English forces, commanded by Monk. The road forks into two branches, that on the right, runs to Ballyroan, and the other on the left, to Ballynakill. Ballipiahll^ — Distant forty-eight miles and a half from Dub- lin Castle, is a ruinous and decayed village, where are the ruins of an old castle, destroyed by Oliver Cromwell in 104-2, after a most formidable, and obstinate resistance. A cross road on the right branches to Durrow, and the direct road leads to Bally- rauwt. It was a borough previous to the Union. FOR IRELAND, To Ballynakill^ by Timahoe. (Miles.) Timahoe . . . . — 42t Ballynakill ... 6 48| Parishes in Hie Barony of Stradbally. Bally quil lane^ Ti m oge, Corclone, Stradbally. Stradbally^ — Distant thirty-eiglit miles and an half from the Castle of Dublin, is a small, neat village, where an handsome Church, a good Market-house, and a Charter School are erected. In the twelfth century, a monastery for Conventual Franciscans was founded here by Lord O'More. This abbey, with all its possessions, was granted by Queen Elizabeth, in 1592, to Francis Cosbie and his heirs, for a small annual rent, Irish currency, and the annual equipment of nine English horsemen, Within half a mile of this town stands Brockley Park, the magnificent residence of Earl Roden. Stradbally Hall, the beautiful seat of Mr. Cosbie, is also situated in this vicinitv. Across road on the left, branches towards Ballyroan, and another on the right, runs to Maryborough. On the Mail-coach road, running from Monastereven to Maryborough, Queen's County commences at the thirty-first mile-stone ; at the thirty-second mile-stone, a crpss road on the left leads to Stradbally ; at the thirty-third mile stone, a cross road on the left runs from Strad- bally, and the ruins of Ballybrittas Castle stand on the right, and a cross road leads to Portarlington. On this side of the thirty- fifth mile-stone, stand Emo Inn, and Dawson's Court ; on the right, a magnificent seat, theproperty of Lord Portarlington. On this side of the thirty-sixth mile-stone, a cross road on the left, runs from Stradbally, and another on the right, leads to Portar- ' lington. At the thirty-seventh mile stone, stands the stupendu- ous rock of Dunamase on the left, inaccessible on all points but the east, w4iich was defended by outworks ; on this impregnable spot, a fortress is supposed to have been erected by Laigseach O'Moore, about the beginning of the third century, from which period, it not only continued the principal residence of the powerful chiefs of this district, but frequently was occupied by the kings of Leinster. On the arrival of the English, it was in the possession of Dermot MacMurrogh, king of Leinster, whose only dauglrter Eva, was married to Strongbow, Earl ol Pembroke, by wliich alliance, it became this nobleman's pro* 140 NEW traveller's GUIDE perty. This Earl's only daughter having married William Marshal, who in right of this marriage, became Earl of Pem- broke, he erected it into a comity palatine, and built an elegant Castle on the Dun, in 1216. In 1325 it was recovered by the O'Moors, its ancient proprietors; in 1329 it was rescued from die Irish. It was again seized by the O'Moors, who, in about two years afterwards, were dispossessed of its inheritance. In the rebellion of 16^1, this important fortress was surprized by the insurgents, but was retaken by the king's forces, in whose possession it remained until 1646, when it fell into the hands of Owen Roe O'Neil, until in 1650, it surrendered te Colonels Hewson and Reynolds, who dismantled the Castle, imd blew up the fortifications. The remaining fragments of the walls and gates attest their former strength, extent, and mag- nificence, venerable even in their ruins ; the present proprietor Sir Henry Parnel, is rebuilding the Castle in all the gloomy stateliness of its original grandeur, which was begun by his father. At the thirty-eighth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right; at the thirty-ninth mile-stone, the road from Athy unites on the left. Parishes in the Bamn^ of Maryborough. Burros, Kilcolemanbane, Straboe^ Clonagheen, Disert, Ballyfin. Clonenagh, Kilteal, Maryborough^ — Distant forty miles from the Castle of Dublin, is the shire and a?sizes town of this County. It was so named in honour of Queen Mary, in whose reign this district was reduced into a shire, and is pleasantly situated near the river Barrow. It has a barrack for a troop of horse ; here stands an ancient Castle, supposed to have been built by Bellingham : it was a borough previous to the Union. Two roads branch off' on the right, one leading to Mountmellick, and the other to Portarlington. Two roads issue from this town, that on the right, leads to Mountrath, and the other on the left, stretches towards Durrow. At the forty-third mile-stone, a cross road on the left, leads to Donoughmore, and on the right lies Ballyfin, the beauthd residence of the Right Hon. Welesley Poole, brother 1o his Grace the Duke of Wellington. The extensive demesne, thickly planted with very fine old timber, encompasses a noble lake, which materially contributes to enliven, and diversify the fjcenery of the undulating grounds. At the forty-fifth mU^-s fctone, a neat church stands on the left. TOR IRELAND. HI Parishes in the Barony of U^yper Ossory^ Kyle, Attaiiab, Bordwell, Coolkerry, Donaghmorc, Kildellig, Rathfarran, Aghaboe^ Aghmacarte, Killeny, Killermogbj Offerillan, Rathdowiiy, Skirk. Moiintrath^ — Distant forty-six miles and an half from tlic Castle of Dublin, is a small, neat village, pleasantly situated on the river Nore. It gives the title of Earl to the family of Coote. The road from Mountmellick unites on the right, and a cross road on the left, leads to Abbeyleix ; two roads issue from this tov^n, that on the right, leads to Kilballyduff* village, and the other on the left, to Burros in Ossory. Castleto^ison — Is a small village, distant forty-eight miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, pleasantly situated on the I'iver Nore. A cross road on the left, runs to Abbeyleix ; at the fifty-first mile- stone, a cross road from Durrow unites on tke left. To Burros in Ossory^ hy BallyhriUas. Ballybrittas .... Emo . ... Maryborough Mountrath .... Castletown .... JBurros in Ossory . . (Miles. ) 34f 5i 40 eh 46 i: i| 51 531 Burros i?i Ossory, — Is a neat small village, distant fifty-three ^ miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin ; die road from Donoughmore unites on the left. At the fifty-sixth mile-stone, are the ruius of Ballaghmore Castle on the right ; at the fifty- seventh mile-stone the County terminates in this direction-— on the road leading from Maryborough to Ballyroan, at the forty-third mile-stone, the road from Timahoe unites on the left. Ballyroan^ — is a small village, distant forty-four miles and a half from the Castle of DubHn ; beyond the village the road forks into two branches, that on the left leads to Ballynakill already noticed. At the forty-eight mile-stone, stands the ancient village of Abbeyleix, pleasantly situated on the 142 NEW traveller's GUIDE river Nore. In 11 83-, an Abbey was founded here by Corcheger O'Moore, in honour of the V^irgin Mary. In 1421 a great slaughter v/as committed near this village by the O'Moors, on the Earl of Ormond's retinue, he being then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. On the suppression of this monastery, it v/as granted v/ith all its possessions, by Queen Elizabeth to Thomas, Earl of Ormond. Near this village is situated Lord De Vesey's magnificent residence. At the fiftieth mile-stone, the roads irom Ballynakill and Durrow re-unite ; at the fifty-first mile- stone, two roads branch to the right, one leads to lloscrea, and the other to Burros in Ossory; at the fifty -fourth mile- •^tone, stand the ruins of an old castle on the right, and a cross road on the left leads to Freshford ; at the fifty-fifth mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle to the left, and on this side of the fifty-seventh mile-stone, the County terminates in this direction. On the road leading from Durrow to Eath downy, are the ruins of an old castle, and a small lake to the right. Rath- downy is a small village, distant seven miles from Durrow. — Donoughrnore is a small village, distanteight miles from Durrow, where a barrack is erected. Skirk is an inconsiderable hamlet, distant thirteen miles from Durrow, having a neat plain church; a little farther on, a cross road on the right, leads to Thurles, where the County termin-ates in this direction. Between Abbey- leix and Burros in Ossory, lies Aghaboe village, containing about twenty cabins, where a celebrated Abbey was founded by St. Canice, a disciple of St. Finian. It was subsequently erected into an Episcopal see, whicti dignity it enjoyed, until, in 1 1 52, during the legateship of Cardinal Papyro, the old Bishoprick of Aghaboe was extinguished and merged into that of Kilkenny, where the Cathedral of St. Canice v/as translated. In 1250, Fitzpalrick, Prince of Ossory, founded a Monastery, dedicated to St. Canice, for Friars of the order of St. Dominick. on the site of the Cathedral. At the general suppression of monastic institutions. Queen Elizabeth granted this Abbey, ' with all its possessions, to Florence Fitzpatrick. For an accurate description of this magnificent ruin, consult Led- v:ic/ge's learned Antiquities^ page 5 14. Within a mile of Aghaboe stands a round tower in a high degree of preservation. ToBallynaldU^ hy MaryhoroiigJi. (Miles,) Maryborough . . - . . — 4 0 Ballyroan .... 4i 44^ Ballvnakill , . . , 4 48i •FOR IRELAND. * Parishes in the Baronif of Portnehinch. Ardea, Kilnaman, Lea. On the road leading from Monasterevcn to Portarllngton, the Queen's County commences at the thirty-second mile-stone; at the thirty-third mile-stone, stands Lea Church on the left, and the ruins of an old castle on the right. Portarlingtcn^ — Distant thirty-six miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dubhn, is a large, populous, well built town, chiefly consisting of one extensive main street, and pleasantly situated on the river Barrow. It is inhabited by various opulent, private, and genteel families, who prefer the social intercourse of a town residence, to the boisterous and intemperate conviviality of stately and periodical rural enter- tainments ; here are many elementary seminaries for infantine pupils, where the rudiments of the French language are generally taught. It gives the title of Earl to the family of Dawson, and returns one member to the United Parliament. Tv/o cross roads issue to the right, one leads to Clonegowan, and the other to Rathangan ; the road from Ballybrittas unites on the left. At the thirty-ninth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left; at the fortieth mile-stone, a Church is situated, and a cross road on the right, leads to Philipstown. To CloTiasIee^ hij Portarlington, Miles. Portarlington . . . — I S6l Mountmellick . . . 64 43^ Rosenallis ... . 2 45i Clonaslee . . . ' . 31 49^ ^ Parishes in the Barony of Tinehinch. Castlebrack, Oregan. Mountmellick, — Distant forty-two miles from tlie Castle of Dublin, is a sprightly, neat village, situated on a stream that flows into the Barrow. It is chiefly inhabited by Quakefs. whose neatly appointed dwelhngs, display convenience, cleanli- ness, and elegant simplicity ; whose example, more universally imitated, would remove the aspersion of national slovenliness, universally imputed to the Irish disposition. The peaceful and industrious habits of this sect, are proverbially conspicuous:^ jcEw traveller's guide wherever they select a spot for a permanent residence. The roads from Maryborough and Mountrath, unite on the left ; a cross road on the right, leads to Killeigh. HosenaUis^ — Is a small village, dtstant forty-four miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin ; the road from Mountrath unites on the left, and a cross road on the right leads to Killeigh ; at the forty-eighth mile-stone, are the ruins of Clo- Tiaslee Castle on the right ; at the forty-ninth mile-stone, the road forks into two branches, both leading to Balliboy. On the right hand branch are the ruins of an old church, and on the left, the ruins of Cuffe Castle. On this side of the fifty* first mile-stone, the County terminates in this direction. FOR IRELAND. 145 Table of Fairs held in the Queen's County each month arcnualJij. Places where heUL Maryborough Burros in Ossory . Time. Jan. 1 28 Places where held, BallinakiU . . , Dunaghmore . . . Mountmellick . . Castletown . . Feb. 2 17 24 Mour^tmelHck . . Mountrath . . . Maryborough . . Timahoe .... Maryborough . . Rathdowny . . . Stradbally . . . Ballirone .... IBalluckmoyle . . Mountmelhck . . Burros in Ossory . Maryborough . . Dunaghmore . . . Mar. 16 17 20 25 28 Auo^haboe . . . Mountrath . . . BallinakiU . . . Castlebrack . . . Burros in Ossory . Stradbally . . . Mountmellick , . Dunaghmore . . . Timahoe . • . , Portarlington • Mountrath . , . Apr. 5 19 19 May 1 3 6 6 6 8 12 15 15 18 22 27 27 Castletown . . ♦ Clonaslee .... Rathdowny . . . Stradbally . . . Mountrath . . , Cullonaffh . . . Maryborough . . Ballyroan .... Castlebrack . . . All 1 • Abbeyleix . . . Portarlington . . CuUihiU .... Ballibrittas . . . Maryborough , . Rathdowny • . . Mountrath , . , Mountmellick . , CullihiU . , . . Portarlington . . Castletown Mayo . Timahoe .... Aughaboe .... Burros in Ossory . Tinnehinch . . . June 1 7 Burros in Ossory . Mountmellick . . Time, 10 12 13 17 29 July 2 5 10 10 14 Aug. 2 10 12 12 15 21 26 31 Sep. 4 12 29 29 Oct. 2 12 38 21 22 26 29 Nov. 1 146 NEW TEAVELLEr's GUI BE Places where held* Time* AViVipviPiY ^ - - Aim intrn til ] 1 X J. Balluckmoyle . 11 Disart • • • • 12 -I tj Eallinakill . . , 16 Burros in Ossory . 20 Stradbally . , • 21 Castlecuffe . • . 22 Portarlington , , 23 Places where held* Time* juctii y X V7 Ravilly, Tullow, Aghade, Cirerim, Rahil Castlemore, Tullowbeg, KOADS. On the road leading from Donard to Tineheley is situated Hacketstown, a small neat village, distant thirty-two miles from Dublin Castle. This little town u^as furiously attacked on the 25th of May, 1798, by a formidable body of rebels, who were gallantly repulsed by the yeomanry, and a small party of the Antrim militia. It was again attacked by the rebels, on the 25th of June, and after an engagement, which continued from six o'clock in the morning until three in the afternoon, they were repulsed with great loss, having fired the village, but could make no impression on the small but gallant garrison, the primary object of their vengeance* The road from Aghrim, unites on the left ; two roads issue from this town, one to the left leads to Tineheley, the other on the right to Tullow. On the road passing between Baltinglass and Enniscorthy, Carlow county commences at the thirty-one mile-stone; where a cross i*oad, on the right, runs to the town of Carlow ; and at the thirty-five mile-stone^ a cross road on the right also runs to that place. Julloiv. — At the thirty-eight mile-stone, stands the town c'f Tullow, pleasantly situated on the river Slaney, over which a bridge consisting of six arches, is erected; at the foot of the bridge are the ruins of an old abbey, supposed to have been founded by Simon Lambers and Hugh Tallon. This abbey and all its possessions were granted by Queen j liisabcth to Thomas, Earl of Ormond* Tiie castle, deemed To Leighlin Bridge by Tulloiv. Tullow Leighlin Bridge (Miles) — I 38 91 471 FOR IRELAND. 11 D fovmidable, was reduced by Cromwell, after an immense slaughter of the Irish. It is now converted into a barrack. Here are a neat church and a good market house. Two roads issue from this town on the right, one leads to Carlow, and the other to old Leighlin ; a cross road on the left, leads to Shillelagh ; the direct road runs to Clonegal, distant forty-seven miles and a half from Dublin Castle. To Royal Oak by Carlo't^. (Miles.) 47 Carlow . * . . . Leighlin Bridge .... 6 Royal Oak 2 Parishes in the Barony of CarloiX)^ Bally croge, Painestown, Ballinacarrig, Carlow, TuUowmagrimah, Staplestown, Kellystown, Urghlin, Killerig, On the road passing between Castledermot and Carlow town, the County of Carlow commences at the thirty-six mile-stone; at the thirty-seven mile-stone is Burton Hall on the left. The whole intermedate space to the town of Carlow, is beautifully variegated with delightful country seats. Carlou\ — Distant thirty-nine miles from Dublin Castle, and agreeably situated on the river Barrow, is the shire and assizes town of the county. It consists of a main street, intersected by two others at right angles. Its public buildings are a market house, a court house placed over the goal, a horse barrack, and a venerable old church; its manufactory consists in the fabrication of coarse v/oollen cloths; and its traffic in supplying the adjacent country with Kilkenny coal. Here a Roman Catholic seminary was lately established for the education of the youth of that persuasion, to which a splendid chapel is attached. On an eminence, commanding the river, stood a strong castle, flanked with towers and bastions, and supposed to have been erect- ed by King John, to secure a pass over the river Barrow for the protection of the English pale. In the reign of Richard the Second, it was surprised by Donald M'Art O'Cavannagh, who stiled himself King of Leinster, in whoso possession it remained for a considerable period. In I577 this town, then fortified, sustained a long siege against Rory 150 KEW TKAVELLEr's GUlDliJ Oge O'iNIoore, tlieii in rebellion against Queen Elizabetli, but it was ultimately constrained to surrender to the plun- dering assailants, who barbarously massacred many of the inhabitants. In 1642, a detachment from the Duke of Ormond's army rescued 500 Englishmen, imprisoned in the castle, where they were almost famished. In 1650, the parHamentary forces compelled the rebel garrison to surrender. In a late effort to nev/ model and modernize this venerable pile, its founda- tions were so sapped and undermined, that the whole fabric instantly gave way, and now remains a heap of indiscrimi- nate ruins. Here are the ruins of a very fine abbey, sup- posed to have been founded about the year 634. On the 25th of May, 1798, this town w^as furiously assaulted by an immense body of rebels, at two o'clock in the morning, who after a most sanguinary conflict, were routed by a small party of military, stationed in the Barracks, assisted by the loyal yeomanry ; after the battle 470 corpses collected and interred in an indiscriminate mass, attested the loss sustained by these infatuated fanatics. This town gives the title of Viscount to the family of Dawson, as it likewise gave that of Marquis to the Duke of Wharton. It returns one member to the United Parliament. A cross road on the right, leads to Athy ; three roads unite on the left ; a cross road on the left stretches towards New Ross ; from the upper end of the town, two roads issue, one on each bank of the Barrow, to Leighliu bridge. The intervening distance between Carlow and Leighlin, 13 charmingly diversified with a chain of rising grounds, gradually swelling into lofty mountains, along whose sides the verdant foliage of the forest, interspersed with beautiful liabitations, forms a delightful contrast with their brown and heathy summits. To Clonegal hy Tullonso* (Miles.) Tullow — I 38 Clonegal 9| | 47f Parishes in the Barony of Idrone. Tennagh, Wells, Kiltennan, Old Leighlin, Clonagoose, Lorum, Nurney, Cloydogh, SleagufF, TuUowcryn, Dunleckny, Drumfry. rOK IRELAND. 151 Leighlin Bridge^ — Distant forty five miles from Dublin Castle, is a small village, situated on the eastern bank of the Barrow ; a bridge erected over the Barrow, in the year 1320, gave rise to the town, ^from the inviting convenience of the situation. Here are the ruins of an old abbey founded by the Carews, which, at the suppression of monastic insti- tutions, was converted into a fortress, regularly garrisoned; there are also the ruins of a strong castle, built by the Laric^s. Old Leighlin^ — Distant about three miles from Leighlin Bridge ; is situated in the mountains, on the western side of the Barrow ; it was (erected into an episcopal see in 632. In 1060, the cathedral was consumed by lightning, and afterwards repaired in 1232. In 1216, this town was incorporated and constituted a city, though now a straggling mean village, and the boundaries of its liberties, defined by large stones perpendicularly erected at convenient distances. It w^as once plundered by the Danes, and frequently by the natives, in the civil commotions which often raged in this unfortunate island, convulsed by the ambitious struggle.^ of a semi-barbarous aristocracy, selfishly contending to retain a feudal ascendency. In 16C0, this Bishoprick w^as united to Ferns : St. Gobban founded a celebrated monastery here, in which a famous assembly of the clergy w^as held in 630, to deliberate about the proper period for the celebration of the Easter festival ; it was a. borough previous to the union. Royal Qak^ — Is a small village distant forty-seven miles from Dublin Castle. Here is a good Inn, much frequented by travellers for its comfortable accommodations. Here the road forks into two branches, that on the right leads ta Gowran, and the other on the left, to Gore's Bridge. At the forty-eighth mile-stone the county terminates in this direc- tion. From Leighlin Bridge, a road sweeps along the northerly bank of the Barrow ; at the forty-seven mile-stone, standr^ Bagneirs Bridge. Here the roads from Carlow and Tullow unite on the left. At the fiftieth mile-stone the road from Clonegal unites on the left^ and a Bridge crosses the Barrov/: on the right. Parishes in the Barony of Forth, Gilbertstown, Myshall, Ballan, Barragh, Templepeter. There are no remarkable towns;, roads, stages, or vill^ KEW TRAVELLEIt's GUIDE ges in this remote Barony, nor does it contain any natural or artificial curiosity meriting description, and worthy of in- spection. Parishes in the Barony of St. Miillins. Ballyellen, St. Mullins. Ballycllen Castle^ — On this side of the fifty-second mile- $,tone, are the ruins of Ballyellen (^astle, and a bridge on the right, leading to Gore's Bridge Village, situated on the Kilkenny side of the Barrow. At the fifty- fourth mile-stone a road from Carlow unites on the left, and a bridge on the right crosses the Barrow ; a little farther on is situated Bally- burris Village, and a cross road on the left, leading to Ennis- corthy. At the fifty-seventh mile-stone, a cross road on the left runs from Enniscorthy, and another on the right, leads to Cragenamanagh : at this pass, on the Carlow side of the Barrow, are the ruins of an old castle. At the sixty-one mile- stone stands St. MuUin's Church and Village, which latter gives name to the Barony. Here St. Moling, who was con- secrated Bishop of Ferns, in 632, founded an abbey, for regular canons following the order of St. Augustin. This monastery was plundered by the Danes in 951, and it was consumed by fire in 1138. It was the burial place of the O'Cavannaghs, Kings of Leinster, and still continues the favourite cemetery of the descendants of that race. In this barony are situated these formidable mountains, called Black Stairs, awefully grand, terrific, and majestic, forming an unsurmountable barrier between the counties of Carlow and Wexford, except only at Scullogh Gap, where there is a pervious passage, of mutual communication. On this side of the sixty-third mile-stone the county terminates in this direction. FOR IRELAND, 153 A Table of Fairsy held in every month of the year. Places where held' Time. Places where held' Time. Rathvilly ... Pfilfit I npfown . O llioL • 1 1 1 1 Bonis . - - - 1 St. MulUns ... 1 7 Tullow - - - - 20 Carlow . - - - 22 Rnfhvillv - • - - Ai/dLll V 111 y -• ^ . Hacl^etstown - - Ql / / xj.acKeL&LOwn - - Clonegal ... ollgUII - - - - 10 July, 1 O UkJx I IS — — — » Z Tullow - . - - Kiledmond . . ^ 1 0 X \J 1 ^ Ivl nvrh l^l/^norpQi _ _ _ Q O SJf- AInllins; - - « Ot» XTAUlilllo Z3 • — 1 o c i" /^tXTirt jridClVclSlUWIl - - 1 , 1 r^TI /^fTQ 1 _ a> ^ _ V^lUllci^cti Kiledmond ^ . - T'nllnw «.«-«- 12 jvaiiiviiiy » « — T?athvi11v - - - - xiidniv my .... 1 X iV^yslial — - - - UdilUll . . — 1 Z Palatinetown - - 26 Borris - - - - 15 A>Ctli\Jii «. — Zo OllCl VV UvJH ~ XJ-dLKctatUVVil - . Cflvlrtw - - - « i. UilOw - - « - J cliaLlUclOWIi . - Za St. Mullins „ May, T^nrviQ «i . 1 'i 111 low — - — «- ft o OLdUlcoLO VV 11 ... J. illlltTlllilLil ... 1 i IVXyolldl — — - X 'i? ± JTldLlvctstV!) Wll ■ avltwxr ^ _ _ _ V-'dilOvV — /i jueigtJiiii J3i jcii^e - Zo Hacketstown - . 4 Tenehinch - - . 29 Clonegal ... 5 - — — TypiorTilin "Rrirlnrp _ 14 2 Sherwood ... 20 Leighlin Bridge - - 6 Clonegal ... 27 Tullow .... 29 Wells .... 27 Nov, 1 June. SligufF .... Clonegal ... 7 St. Mullins - - - 1 Orchard » . - 8 Palatinetown - - , 6. X 154 atw tbavellek's guide ptaces where held. Time. Nov. Staplestown - - - 7 CriIow • - - - 8 Clonegal - - - - Rathvilly - - - - 12 12 Borris - - - , U Hacketstown - - 16 TuUow - . - . 21 Clonegal * - - - 22 Places where held. Nurney - - - Knockmill - - Clonegal - - Wells - - Clonegal - - Hacketstown Time* Nov. 26 30 Dec. I 11 11 21 3FOR IRELAND. COUNTY OF EASTMEATIl. CouNrY' OF Eastmeath, is bounded on the north by Louth, a small portion of Monaghan and Cavan ; on the west by West- meath ; on the south by Kildare; and on the east by Dublin and the Sea. It extends from east to west about thirty-five Irish miles, and from north to south about twenty-nine Irish miles. Its surface covers an area of 327,900 acres Irish plantation measure, of which 27,909 acres consist of bogs and waste. The great fertility of its soil rendered it a most tempting object for an invading army, whof$e ultimate design was perpetual occu- pancy ; and the general flatness of this district, destitute of natural fastnesses or artificial obstacles, rendered it an acquisi- tion easily retained by the conqueror. It is divided into nearly two equal portions by the river Boyne, from its entrance into Meath at Clonard, until it empties itself into the sea below Drogheda. The Black Water which issues from Lough Ramar, in the County of Cavan, falls into the Boyne at Navan ; the tributary streams of the Nanny, the Rye-water, and Moynally intersecting this county in different directions, materially con-- tribute to beautify and fertilize its surface. The splendid mansions and highly cultivated demesnes of many noblemen, and a numerous and opulent gentry, indicate its present pros- perity ; and the numerous mouldering piles of ruined castles, monasteries, friaries, and abbeys, still exist as monuments to record the gloomy grandeur of their ancient proprietors. It is divided into twelve baronies, which contain 147 parishes. KEW traveller's GUIDK Baronies in County of EastmeatJi, Upper and Lower Duleek, Dunboyne^ Ratoath, Skrynej Upper and Lower Slane, Morgallion, Upper and Lower Deece^ Upper and Lower Navan, Lune, Upper and Lower Kells, Demi Fowre, Upper and Lower Moy ferragh Parishes in the Barony of DuleeJc. Ballygarthj Donore, Kentstown, Kilmoon, Knockcommon^ Painestown, Ardcath, Bally magarry, Jiilianstown, Kilsharvan, Moorechurch, Piercetownlandyj StamuUen, Brownstownj Clonalvy, Colpe, Duleek, Mornanstown, Fennor. On the mail coach road running from Dublin to Drogheda^ Meath County commences at the seventeen mile stone. At the eighteen mile-stone stands Gormanstown, the residence of Lord Gormanstown, and there is a cross road to the left : at the nine- teen mile stone is situated White Cross ; at the twenty mile stone the road is intersected by the Nanny- Water ; a cross road runs to the left, and Julianstown church is situated on the right at the twenty-third mile stone a cross road runs right and left; here the county terminates in this direction. On the road lead- ing to Drogheda by the Naul, Meath County commences a little beyond the fourteen mile stone, where a road slopes to the left, and the ruins of Snowton castle are situated on the right ; at the sixteen mile stone a cross road runs right and left ; on this side of the Nanny- Water, Dardiston church stands to the right ; on the north side of the Nanny- Water, across road runs right and left, and a church stands on the left ; at the twenty- second mile stone the road from Duleek unites on the left ; on the road passing from Dublin to Duleek, Meath County commences at the nine mile stone, where the road forks into two branches, that to the right passing direct through part of the County of Dublin to Duleckt Duleek — Is pleasantly situated on the Nanny- Water. It is now much decayed from its former population. The first stone church built in Ireland, is supposed to have been erected here by St. Kenan in the fourth century, and it continued FOR IRELAND, 157 an episcopal see for many ages ; it was frequently pillaged by the Danes in their plundering excursions ; in the thirteenth century it was united to Meath ; previous to the union it re- turned two members to the Irish Parliament; here was a prio- ry founded by the family of the O'Kellys, which at the refor- mation was suppressed. This town gave the title of Baron to the ancient family of Bellew. From the lower extremity two roads issue, that to the right leading to Drogheda, distant four miles, and that on the left to Slane ; the portion of this baro- ny which stretches along the sea-shore, is a light thirsty soil, affording vegetation barely sufficient to feed rabbits ; in some parts, it is composed of light clay on a substratum of impervi- ous yellow clay ; about Duleek the soil is deep, rich, and warm, equally adapted for tillage or grazing; lime-stone rock and lime*stone gravel abound throughout the whole of this district. Parishes in iJie Barony of RatoatJi. Ballymaglasson, Kilbrew, Creekstown, Killeglan, Donaghmore, Rathregan, Greenogue, Dunshaughlin, Rathbeggan, Ratoath, Cookstown, Miltown, From the village of Grenogue a road running to the left leads to Slane, at the thirteen mile stone are the ruins of an old church to the left ; at the fourteen mile stone is the delightful seat of Kilbrew, and a church stands to the left ; beyond the fifteen'mile stone there is a church, and a road on the right leads to Duleek ; at the sixteen mile stone are the ruins of Macetown Castle to the left ; at the seventeen mile stone are the ruins of an old church, to the left. The soil of this district is chiefly composed of stiff tenacious clay, under which strong blue lime-stone gravel is invariably found ; every effort to drain this ground proves ineffectual, unless the cut be sunk to the gravel lying beneath the intervening stratum of yellow clay ; by such an operation it is entirely freed from surface water. The scar- city of fuel prevents the use of lime, and therefore gravel is ge- nerally substituted ; a rich vein of potters' clay has been dis- covered at Brownstown near Dunshaughlin, deemed superior to any found in Staffordshire, NEW traveller's GUIDE Parishes in the Barony of Slcryne. A rdmulcan, Danestown, Trivet, Punsany, Dowestown, Cullenstown, Follistown, Killeen, Kilcarn, Monkstown, 8kryne, Maeetown, Rathfeigh, Tara, Lismullen^ Athlaniny, Timole, Odder. At the nineteen mile stone stands the Black Lion, and a cross road runs right and left ; at the twenty mile stone the beautiful mansion and demesne of Somerville is situated on the right. Kenistown church is situated on the left, and a cross road runs to the left ; between the twenty-first and twenty-second mile stone a cross road runs right and left; at the twenty-third mile stone a cross road to the right runs on the south side of the Boyne to Drogheda, and another on the left leads to Navan, Parishes in the Barony of Slane. Killary, Drumconrath, Gernanstown, Grangegeeth, Mitchelstown, Monknewtown, Slane, Stackallen, Dowth, Inismouthy, Sydan, Ardagh, Loughbraccan. To Slane by Greiiogue. Grenogue Black Lion Slane Miles. , 91 9% 19 - 51 24r Slane — Is delightfully situated on the northern bank of the Boyne ; this town in the time of Hugh D'Lacey, though now reduced to a village, constituted one of the boroughs in the pa- latinate of Meath ; the hermitage of Eiro, situated south of the town, contiguous to the river, derives its name from its foun- der, consecrated first Bishop of Slane by St. Patrick ; an abbey also was erected at a very early period, on a hill at an incon- sidoral^le distance from the hermitage, in this peaceful asylum, Dagobert king of Austratia received that preparatory education, befitting the elevated station, which, after twenty years exile. FOR IRELAND. 159 he was destined to fill. The Castle of Slane built by the family of Lord Slane, as well as the estates thereto pertaining, were forfeited in the rebellion of 1641 ; this ancient and venerable structure is now in the possession of Earl Conyngh^un, who is decorating it with the graceful ornaments of architectural splen- dour, to render it a superb and magnificent residence : this state- ly mansion is surrounded by an extensive and tastefully planted demesne, through which the Boyne winds its silver streams ; the flour-mills of Slane, built on a most extensive scale, merit particular inspection, both for the ingenious contrivance of the machinery, and the magnitude of the edifice. This district, it is said, was the original settlement of the Belgians, who emi- grated from Britain about 350 years before the Christian aera, where the tombs of the original chiefs still exist to commemo- rate the event, known at present by the Mounts or Tumili of New Grange, which, in after ages, became places for Druidic jsacrifices in honour of the Earth. From Siane a cross road runs to the right, on the north side of the Boyne, to Drogheda ; and another to the left passes by Slane Castle to Stackallen ; the direct road forks into two branches, that to the right runs towards Collen, and the left section leads to Newtown, Fortescue, and thence to Ardee. This Barony is the most hilly in the county ; its soil is a light earth upon a stiff clay bottom, under which lime-stone gravel is fre- quently discovered ; fuel is very scarce in this district, there be- ing few or no bogs in the vicinity ; coal smute hath been dis- covered in the upper part of this Barony, but as yet this inva- luable source of treasure to enterprizing individuals, and of comfort to the inhabitants, remains unnoticed and unexplored ; there is a fine quarry of vitrescent stone in this district, very fit for flagging, as it retains no moisture on its surface. At the eighth mile stone, Meath County commences on the road lead- ing by Ratoath to Navan ; near the nine mile stone stands Kil- bride Church to the right, and a cross road runs right and left ; at the ten mile stone are the beautiful mansion and demesne of Kilbrue; at the eleven mile stone are the ruins of an old church to the right. Ratoath — Distant twelve miles and three quarters from Dubhn, is but an indifferent poor village, which, previous to the union, returned two members to the Irish Parliament. The church is erected on the ruins of an old abbey, dedicated to the invocation of St. Mary Magdalene, some fragments of which still remain ; near the church is a lofty and conspicuous mount ; here Malachy the First held the third convention of the states of 180 NEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE the kingdom. A cross road runs to the right ; near the fourteen mile stone a cross road runs right and left. SJcryne Village — Ts distant nineteen miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin : the church stands on the right, and the ruins of an old castle are situated on the left ; it gave the title of Baron to the ancient family of Marwood, the roads in this vicinage afford a beautiful prospect of the surrounding country ; on this bide of the twenty-first mile stone, the road from Trim unites, and the ruins of an old castle lie to the right, hence the road to Navan runs along both banks of the Boyne. fo Navan hy Ratoath. Miles, Katoath - - - 221 Skryne - - i - 6j 19i Navan - - - ^ - 6| 26 Parishes in the JQarontj of Navan^ .^rdbraccan, Ardsallagh, Bective, Clonmacduff, Li scar tan, Moymet, JsTavan, Donaghmore, Martry, Newtown, Ratane, |lathkenny, Trim, Churchtown, Kilcooly, TuUaghenogue, Trimelstown. Namn — Is delightfully situated on the western bank of the Boyne, it consists of two streets, which intersect each other at right angles ; the Tholsel is an handsome stone building ; this town was wailed and fortified by Hugh D'Lacy ; it gave the title of Baron to the family of Nangle ; an abbey for regular canons was erected here, on the site of which the horse bar- rack now stands ; in the burial ground are the remains of many ancient tombs ; it is a place of considerable trade, occupied by many opulent inhabitants, busily employed in various industrious departments. Here the Black- Water falls into the Boyne, which is navigable up to this town ; within a mile 6f Navan are the ruins of Donaghmore Church, where there is a round tower vseventy feet high ; a road runs, on the south side of the Boyne, between Navan and Slane ; and a road to the left, passing by Ard- braccan,runs to Kells,on the south side of the Black- Water ; from the lower extremity of the town two roads issue, that to the right las to Nobber, and the other on the left leads to Kells: on 161 the north side of the Black- Water, where all the cross roads running in on the left from the Nobber road, join at nearly cor- responding points to the opposite section. Parishes in the Barony ()f MorgalUon, Clongill, Kilpatrick, Drakestown, Knock, Dunmow, Kilshinny, Kilberry, Nobber. Kilherry^ — Situated on the road leading from Navan ' to Newcastle, is distant twenty-seven miles from Dublin Castle ; a cross road runs right and left, and the church stands on the right ; on this side of the twenty-ninth mile stone a cross road runs right and left, and the ruins of an old castle lie to the left ; on this side of the thirtieth mile stone, a cross road leads to the right; near the thirty- first mile stone, a diagonal cross road runs right and left ; on this side of the thirty-second mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left, at the thirty-third mile stone, a cross road leads to the left. Nobber^ — Distant thirty-three and half miles from Dub- lin, is remarkable for being the birth-place of Tuflogli O'Carrolan, the Wind Irish bard, born in the year 1670, who died in March, 1738, and was buried in the Parish Church of Kilronan, Diocese of Ardagh, — whose tuneful lays, if care- fully and faithfully collected, would immortalize him as a prodigy of harmony. — A sloping cross road leads to the left. Newcastle^— DkiViTit 36| miles from Dublin Castle, is situated on the verge of the County. A road issues on the left from Navan to Kells ; the soil of Navan Barony is generally a rich earth of varous depths, on a substra- tum of lime-stone gravel, lime-stone rock, and in some parts ferrugenous clay ; with some trifling exceptions, most of this district is equally adapted for tillage or grazing. In the demesne of Ardbraccan i^ a fine lime- stone quarrj'^, of a white grain ; the beds lie horizontally ; the stone is capable of exquisite polish, and makes neat chimnev pieces. The soil of Morgallion Barony, may be deemed a deep rich loam, equally adapted for grazing or for til- lage; two extensive bogs, and some smaller ones dispersed through this district, reader fuel a cheap and plentiful article; near Knock, there is a plastic argiUaceoius 162 NEW traveller's GUIDj2 clay, mingled witli ferrugenous particles, which is mamt- factured into a coarse pottery, adapted for the use of the peasantry. N^ar this manufactory is a chalybeate spring, which has been successfully tried in diseases arising from debility : — no traces of coal have as yet been discovered in this district. Parishes in the Baro7iy of Duiihoyne. D unboy n e, Kilbride. On the road leading from Dublin to Trim, Meath County begins at Clonee Bridge^ — distant seven miles from Dublin Castle ; at the eighth mile stone a cross road to the left, passes through Dunboyne, and thence to Maynooth ; at the ten mile stone, the I'oad forks into two branches, that to the right leads to Dunshaughlin^ — Situated at thefourteen milestone ; herean ab- bey was founded in the year 439, by St. Seachlin, which was burned in the year 1043, on the site of which the present church is erected ; on the breaking out of the rebellion in the year 1 798, the Reverend Mr. Nelson, his brother-in-law, and gardener, were most wantonly and barbarously murdered in this town by a banditti of rebels, merely because they were Protestants; similar atrocities were, at the same time, committed at Dunboyne, from similar motives of sanguinary fanaticism^ SeeMtisgrave's History^ vol. 1, page 276. — A road branches to the left, and another to the right ; from the village, a new line of road running more to the right, along the flats, is traced to Navan ; at the sixteenth mile stone are the ruins of an old castle and a church ; a cross road runs to the left ; and a lit- tle farther on stands Dunsany Castle, the residence of Baron Dunsany, and also Killeeii Castle, the property of Lord Fingal, lies in the same direction ; — at the eighteen mile stone are the ruins of an old church to the left; at the nineteen mile stone stands Tara Hill^ — Anciently Temora, so celebrated in the legen- dary tales of Irish Bards, for being the residence of Irish mo-^ narchs in ancient times, whose palaces must have been con- structed of Wattles, as no vestiges of more durable mate- rials exist to testily, and record this imaginary splendour. The great fort on the south side of this redouted hill, is ii^enerally admitted to have been erected by Turgesiua, the ijanish king, in tlie year 838, wiio fixed liis head-quar- FOR IRELAND. 16S iers within this clayey fortress, while he was subduing Meath. It is an outrage on probability to suppose, that a crafty invader would undertake the unnecessary trouble of inclosing seven acres with such stupendous labour, had this strong military post afforded any previously construe* ted shelter, or protection, to secure him from a surprise^ and enable him leizurely to devise subsequent operationso The mud-built ramparts defy all the efforts of scepticism to deny their existence; similar reasoning, deduced from facts, could readily prove the reality of Tara magnificencej, had a trace of fallen greatness remained to support the argument. On this hill a numerous band of rebels was defeated with prodigious slaughter, on the 26th day of May, 1798, by a few yeomanry, and a detachment of the llay Fencibles, com- manded by Lords Tara and Fingal ; these noblemen displayed invincible intrepidity, consummate judgment, and deliberate coolness, on this memorable day. Their united efforts and splendid victory, totally discomfited the ulterior operations and subsequent proceedings of the disaffected in this quarter. Near the nineteenth mile-stone, stands Tara Church to the left ; and a little farther on, is situated Castletown village^ and a cross road runs right and left. The land of Dunboyne Barony nearly resembles the contiguous district of Ratoath^ not only in the flat uniform appearance of an unvaried surface, but likewise in a similarity of soil, both equally destitute cf any external indi- cations announcing internal treasures. To Newasile, hy Clonee* (Miles.) Clonee — 7 Black^buU . . . . 3i Dunshaughlin • . • ; ' Tara Hill . . . , 5 Navan * . . . . 4 1 Nobber . . . ... 9^ Newcastle 3? Parishes in the Barony of Deece^ Agber, Assay, Balfeighan, Balroddan, Balsoon, Dirpatrick, Drumlargan, Gallow, Knockmark, Trubly, Colmolin, Galtrim Kilclone, Kilimessan, Kilmore, Moygiare, Scurlous:hstowru 164 i^i:w traveller's guide The road branching to the left from the Biack-bult, leads to Trim. At the twelfth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left ; at the fourteenth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and lef ; at the fifteenth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left ; at the seventeenth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left. On this side of the eighteenth mile-stone, stands the village of Grange, remarkable for a vaulted cave in the form of a cross, with a gallery leac^ng to it under a mount, which has been discovered to be the roof of an heathen temple. Within two miles of Trim, on the right, are the ruins of Scurloughstown Castle ; near Trim is the bridge of Newtown, and the ruins of a priory. Between this bridge and Trim, are the ruins of Newtown Abbey, and nearly opposite stand the ruins of a considerable monastery. On the eastern bank of the Boyne, the roads issuing jVom Kilcock and Castle- Jordan unite. (Miles.) 6 41 32l 71 401- 1 411 To Old Castle, hy Trim. Trim . ... Atkboy . . . , Clonmellan . . Ballynaganny Old Castle .... Trim — Is a small town, situated on the river Boyne, where the County assizes are held. The goal is an handsome, strong building. This town returned two members to the Irish Parlia- ment, previous to the Union. It was formerly walled, and defend- ed by a strong castle, built close to the river. There were many religious foundations in this town ; in the year 432, St. Patrick founded an abbey for canon regulars, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and consecrated his nephew St. Loman, Bishop of Trim. The steeple of the abbey was a lofty, handsome, square tower, partly demolished by Cromwell, against whom it made an obstinate resistance, and baffled all his efforts for a considerable time. Here also are the ruins of different friaries, and of a large castle, said to have been the residence of King John : parliaments were held here at different periods. There is a Charter-school for forty children, and a barrack built on the site of the old abbey. It io governed by a Sovereign, Recorder, and Town Clerk. From the lower end of the town two cross roads issue to the right, one leading to Navan, distant seven miles, and the other to Ardbraccan Palace, built in the neatest stile of chaste simplicity, by the Hon. Doctor Maxwell, late Bishop FOR IRELAND. 165 of Meath. A cross road to the left, passing by TremblesV)wrn, the residence of Lord Tremblestown, runs through Brachri^^ bog, and thence into the County of Westmeath, the direci road leads to Athbo3\ To Moynalti/y hyNavan. Navan . • • • • Kells . . • . • 7* Moynalty • . . .51 (Miles.) 231 31^ 35i- Parishes in the Barony of Ltine. Moyagher, Athboy, Killiconigan. Rathmore, Kildalky, At the twenty-sixth mile-stone, are the ruins of an old church to the right, and on this side of the twenty-eight mile- stone, are the ruins of an old castle to the left. Atliboy is situated on a small river of the same name ; previous to the Union it was a borough, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. Here was a triary of the order of the Blessed Virgin of Mount Carmel. The road issuing to the right, leads to Kells, distant six miles, and that to the left, leads to Mullingar. The direct road leading to Cross-keys, enters Westmeath County at Giltown-bog, and again re-enters Meath at Clonmellan village* Parishes in the half Baroyiy of Fowe. Castlecor, Killough, Louchcrew, Clonabreny, Moilogh, Old Castle. K illallan, Diamor, On this side of the thirty-fifth mile-stone, are the ruins of a church and castle ; Crossakeale cross road runs to the right. Cross-keys village is distant thirty-seven miles from Dublin Cas- tle ; a cross road to the right, intersected at Diamor Church, by a road passing from Clonmellan to Loughbrew, runs to Crossa- keale ; and another to the left, leads towards Mullingar ; the di- rect road runs towards Granard ; a little beyond this village^, the county terminates in this direction. To Cross-keys^ hy Black-hulL Black-bull Grange Trim Athboy Cross-keys (Miles.) 10^ 71 18 4| 6 8| 37 2^ KEW TRAVELlEa*S GUIHK Parishes in the Barony of Kells. Castlekyran^ Moynalty, Kells, Cruisetown, Newtown, Stahalmuck, Imlagh, Robertstown, Burry, Kilbeg, Telltown, Dunleene, Kilmainhamwood, Don'aghpatrick, Rathboyne^ Kikkyre, Girly, Kells^ — Is pleasantly situated on the southern bank of thQ Black- Water, it was a borough returning two members to the Irish Parhament, and gives the title of Viscount to the noble family of Cholmondelly. It was walled, and fortified with towers by the English settlers. In the year 1 178, a strong castle was erected, on whose site the market-house now stands ; opposite to which is a stone cros?, ornamented with curious inscriptions in the ancient Irish caracter; in the church-yard, near the church of St. Sinan, is a I'ound tower ninety feet high, whose roof terminates in a point ; St. Columb about the year 510, founded a celebrated abbey here for regular canons, dedi- cated to the Virgin Mary. Kells was an episcopal see until the 13th century, when it was united to Meath; Columb-kiirs stone-roofed chapel still resists the gnawing tooth of all-corro- ding time, and is supposed to be the first stone built structure erected in Ireland, On this side of Kells, all the roads from the upper part of the county running in this direction unite ; the road running to the left leads to Crossakeale, and thence to Killaugh ; the direct road leads towards Monalty ; near Kells on the right is Headfort, the magnificent mansion of the Marquis of Bective, surrounded with a very extensive and beautifully planted demesne, commanding a great variety of most enchant- ing prospects ; the gardens aud offices are tastefully designed in a corresponding stile of splendid elegance. At the thirty-third mile stone a cross road runs to the right ; at the thirty-fourth mile stone, stands a church on the left. To Kells, hy Kikoch (Miles.) Summerhill - - - - - — 20 Trim 5 25 Dunderry Bridge - - - 3 28 Kells - - - - - - 8| 36i MoynaUy Village^ — Is situated on a river of the same name, and is distant thirty-five miles and one quarter from Dublin 9 FOR IHELAND. 167 Castle, the church is situated on the left ; near the thirty-nine mile stone stand the ruins of an old castle to the left, and at the forty mile-stone the county terminates in this direction ; at Stone-brook the Crossakeale road road forks into two branches^ that to the right leads to Old Castle, distant forty-one miles and one quarter from Dublin Castle ; a cross road on the left leads to Ballingamny ; the church is situated on the right ; at the extremity of the county in this direction is situated the Church of Castlecor to the right. — The soil of this Barony may be termed a deep rich loam extremely productive, and equally fit for tillage or for pasture. Parishes in the Barony of Moyfenratlu Castlericard, Clonard, Larracor, Rath core, Rathmolian, Ballybogan, Castle- Jordan, Killion. From Kilcock, already described, a cross road to the righto^ passes by Summerhill to Trim, distant ten miles from this town, a cross road to the right runs from the new Inn to Sum- merhill, where it unites with the Kilcock road. Clonard^ — Is situated on the western mail coach road, and distant twenty-six miles from Dublin Castle, though now aii inconsiderable village, it was anciently a Bishop's See ; about the year 520, an abbey was founded here by St. Finian, and also a school, celebrated for having produced many learned men : there was also a nunnery for regular canonesses, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and richly endowed by O'Melaghan King of Meath ; the bishopricks of Clonard, Trim, Ardbraccan, Dunshaughlin, Slane, and Fowre, were all consolidated about the year 1152, and united to Meath about the beginning of the 13th century; some portions of the abbey still remain^ where are some curious but mutilated monuments. In the re- bellion of 1798, a brilliant achievement was accomplished by twenty-seven brave yeomen, commanded by Lieutenant Tyrrel of Dunfort, who being attacked by an immense coltimn of re- bel infantry and three hundred cavalry, repulsed them with great slaughter, after six hours arduous combat. — See Mus- grave's History of this action. Two cross roads issue to the right, one runs to Trim, and another to Athboy ; a cross road to the left leads to Castle- Jordan ; the county ternrinates at Kinnegad Bridge, where a cross road runs right and left. IQ^ • KEW traveller's GUIDE A list of Fairs field every month in the Year. Tlaces where held. Time Places where held. TiiUe Warrenstown • . Oldcastle • * Athboy . . . Jan. 1 11 21 Bramhall . . , Ratoath .... Slane .... Ratoath .... Longwood . . Summerhill . . . Dunshauglilin . . Oldcastle . • • June 1 1 5 8 9 11 14. Longwood • . . Diaimbride . . . Kells Feb. 2 12 25 Kildalkey . . . 27 Navan . . ^ . Kilmainhamwood . Trim 14- 16 1(5 Mar. Carlanstown Bridge . Duleek .... 12 25 27 Belgree .... Nobber .... Ardeath .... Warren^?town . . Duleek .... 17 20 21 22 24 Jpr. 2 14 18 19 19 25 26 30 Kilmainhamwood . Ratoath .... Navan .... Rathmolian Nobber . . . Warrenstown . . Summerhill . . Dunboyne . . . Longwood . . Oldcastle . . , Armaghbregagh July 9 12 12 19 Athboy . . . . Carlanstown . . Kildalkey . . . Nobber . . . Crossakeale . . . Oldcastle , . . Garretstown . . A?ig. Carlanstown Bridge Duleek .... Athboy . . , . Kilmainhamwood . Ardeath .... Trim .... Crossakeale . . . Oristown . . . Kildalkey . . . Bective Bridge . . A rm aghbregagh Musphedder . . Nobber .... Kells May 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 13 14 16 19 23 25 26 4 6 9 15 16 20 26 Slane .... Warrenstown . . Kells Navan .... Oldcastle . . . Summerhill . . . Bally bognn . , Sep. 2 9 9 13 13 22 25 FOR Places where held. TiiYie JSov. Rathmolian . . . an 29 Uct, J rim 1 X Skryne . . . • 10 Oristown . • * 1 1 Nobber • . • 1 O Ivells J O JJuleek .... 18 Armabregagh . . 18 Ardeath .... 27 (Jldcastle . . * . 28 Kilmainhamwood 30 Bective Bridge . . 1 Crossakeale . . . 2 Athboy .... 7 .AND. J 69 JPlcLces where held. Time o o Mulpliedder . 1 Q 1 J XT ^ 1, 1 JNobber .... 14' nn * lo Carlanstown . . 19 Ratoath . ♦ . . 10 Cumuliin . . • 21 Summerhill Thar XjI tllll-lldlJL ... 1 1 Navan .... /•» O iiiaui ctra^ii • • l)unshaughlirt 10 Longwood . • • Kildalkey . . . 1 1 13 Oldcastle . • . 13 Crossakeale , . s z 170 NEW traveller's G-UIDE COUNTY OF WESTMEATH. The County of Westmeath — Is bounded on the norths by Cavan ; on the east, by Eastmeatli ; on the south, by the King's County ; on the north-west, by Longford ; and on the west, by the river Shannon, which separates it from Roscom- mon. Its greatest extent from east to west, is about 33 Irish miles; and from north to south, about 27 Irish miles. Its surface comprises 249,94^3 acres, Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountain, and waste. It contains twelve Baronies: Moygeesh, Corkerry, Moyashill, Magheredernon, Delvin, Farbill, Raconrath, Kilkenny- West, Brawny, Clon- ionan, Moycashel, Fartullagh, and Half Fowre, which are divided into fifty-nine parishes. This County is agreeably interspersed with a considerable number of beautiful lakes, of which, Lough Leign, Lough Derrivaragh, Lough Iron, Lough Ennel, Lough Drin, (the trout of which lake have an emetic quality,)and Lough Ann agh are the most extensive. The Shannon is the most considerable river that waters this County, and constitutes its w^estern boundary, to divide it from Connaught. This district is much incumbered with reclaimable bogs. Its fjoil is fertile, and equally adapted for tillage, or for pasture. Parishes in the Barony of Farlill. Killucan, Kinnegad, ROADS. ' On the mail-coach road, passing from Dublin to Athlone, Westmeath County commences at the twenty-ninth mile-stone. rOR JREJ.AND. 171 Ktnnegad, — Is a long straggling, village, distant twenty-nine miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, much frequented by travellers of every description, for whose accommodation houses of entertainment abound, fitted up in a corresponding stile to suit either the weary pedestrian or the wealthy squire. A road issuing on the right, leads to MuUingar; two cross roads branch off to the left; here is a plain neat church. Within St mile of the town, are the ruins of Ardmullen Castle, situated on the summit of a lofty hill. At the thirty-second mile-stone, the road from Philipstown unites on the left ; the ruins of an old castle are situated on the left, and the ruins of Lowtowa Church on the right. Parishes in the Barony of Fartullogh. Carrick, EnniscofFy, Molyscar, Castlelost, Kilbride, Kilbridevasty. Clonfadforan, I^ynn, EOADS, At the thirty-third mile-stone, stands the village of Kilbride- Pass ; near this village are the ruins of an old church and two ancient castles ; beyond the thirty-fourth mile-stone, the road from MuUingar unites on the right. At the thirty-sixth mile- stone, stands Gaulstown Church on the right, situated near the demesne of Gaulstown Park, the superb residence of Lord Kilm.aine. At the village of Ratehine, in this Barony, Saint Carthag founded a celebrated monastery, where he collected 867 monks, who, by their industry, supported the establishment, and succoured the neighbouring poor: here also a splendid academy was established, resorted to by numerous pupils. In 630, King Blathmac forcibly seized the abbey, and expelled the monks. It is supposed thai Constantine, King of the Bri- lons, having resigned his crown, retired to this abbey, where he termmated his existence. At the thirty-seventh mile-stone, stands the small village of Beggar's Bridge ; near this village are the ruins of an old castle, situated on the right. This vicinity is thickly interspersed with elegant country seats, and beautiful demesnes, occupied by private gentlemen. TRAVELtEIi*^i GUIDE Parishes in the Barony of MoycasheL Newtownfartullagh, Ardnurcher, Rathue* Vastina, Kilcumriragh, TyrriV S'Pass — Is a neat, small village, distant forty miles from the Castle of Dublin ; here are the ruins of an ancient castle, deemed a place of consequence, in the various feuds which frequently desolated this devoted island. The road from Philipstown unites on the left, and the road from Mullingar joins on the right. In 630, St. Cronan founded an abbey on the river Brosna, in this Barony. At the forty-second mile- stone, a cross road on the left, branches towards Tullamore. Kilbeggan — Is a middling siz:ecl village, distant forty-rfour miles mid a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, and agreeably situated on the river Brosna, over which a good stone bridge is erected. An abbey was erected here by St. Becan, cotemporary with St. Columb. In 1200, a monastery was founded here by the family of Dalton, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and supposed to have been erected on the site of the abbey. This monastery, with all its extensive possessions, were voluntarily surrendered to Henry the Eighth, and were afterwards granted to Robert Dillon and his heirs, by Queen Elizabeth; here the roads from Tullamore and Philipstow^n, unite on the left, and the road from Mullingar joins on the right. The road leading to Shan- non Bridge, branches off' to the left; about a mile and a half from this town, is situated the ancient village of Moycashel, "whence the Barony derives its name, where are the ruins of a venerable old castle. Kilbeggan w^as a borough previous to the Union. At the forty-seventh mile-stone, the road enters the King's County ; a cross road on the left branches off* to Tullamore, and a road from Mullingar unites on the right, at Horseleap Church. At the forty-eighth mile-stone, a cross road leads from Mullingar on the right, and a little farther on, a cross road from Ballimon unites on the right ; at the forty- ninth mile-stone, are the ruins of an old castle on thelett; at the fifty-first miJe-stone, the road re-enters the County of \Vestmeath. Parishes in the Barony of Clonlonan. Pally loghloe, Killclcogh. rOR IRELAND, 173 Moat-a-Grenogue^ — Distant fifty-two miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat small town, where there is an excellent Inn, plentifully supplied for the accommodation of passengers. — The church is a neat modern erected structure, adorned witli a lofty square steeple; here the roads from Mullingar and TuUamore unite. At the fifty-third mile-stone, are the ruins of two old castles, one on the right, and another on the left; and a little farttier on, a cross road to Shannon Bridge branches off on the left. At the fifty-fifth mile-stone, the road from Ballyniahon unites on the right ; the road from Fearbane joins on the left. At the fifty-sixth mile-stone, is situated Ballinahon, the residence of Lord Sunderlin. At the fifty-seventh mile- stone, a road from Fearbane unites on the left ; and on the right is situated the fine mansion and beautiful demesne of Craggan. At the fifty-eighth mile-stone, are the venerable ruins of Garey Castle, situated on the right. Parishes in the Barmy of Braximy. Tliat portion of Athlone lying on the Leinster side of the Shannon, Drumrangy. ROADS. At the fifty-ninth mile- stone, the road from Mullingar unites on the right, and a little farther on, the road from Ballymahon approaches in the same direction. Athlone^ — Distant fifty-nine miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is built on both sides of the river Shannon, united by a long, narrow, ancient stone bridge, erected over a very impetuous current, which swells to agreatheight after heavy rains; it is governed by a sovereign, baihffs, and recorder. Its extensive barracks are erected on the western bank of the Shannon, in that portion of the town situated in the barony of Athlone and County of Roscommon. These barracks have been lately enlarged, and all the surrounding eminences strongly fortified, in a manner corresponding to the importance of so commanding a military station, whence succour may be expeditiously sent to any turbulent district, or invaded quarter ; it being nearly situated in the centre of the kingdom, and possessing tha singular advantage of an extensive w^ater conveyance. A monastery was founded here by O'Connor Prince of Connaughi, 174* NEW traveller's guide vvhicli was completed by Sir Henry Dillon, and the great cimrch was consecrated by Albert, Archbishop of Armagh in 1241. There was also another monastery erected on the Connaught side of the river, dedicated to St. Peter. In the centre of the bridge was erected a monument, on which the arms and escutcheon of Queen Elizabeth were embUzoned.-rr-r The castle, situated on an eminence commanding the river, v/as rendered fetill more formidable by the construction of an additional tower, erected by King John. The castle contained apartments suitable to the accommodation of the president of Connaught, and govei'nor of the castle, whose permanent residence was established here. A tower situated in the centre, was exclusively appropriated for the preservation of warlike stores. On the dissolution of the presidency, the castle, with, all its appurtenances, were granted to the grandson of Lord Renelagh. The castle and the town were consumed by fire, in the furious and fmatic rebellion of 164<1» — This town gives the title of Earl to the family of Ginkle, in commemoration of that mtrepid general's heroically forcing a passage across this formidable river, in the face of the Irish army, posted by St. Ruth, King James' redoubted French general, to guard this important pass. It is inhabited by opulent shopkeepers, traders, and chapmen of various descriptions, and it carries on a con- siderable inland retail trade. Its different houses of entertain- ment are numerous, and adapted to the diversified habits of the miscellaneous passengers ; near this town is a chalybeate spa, deemed efficacious in chronic diseases ; it returns one mem- ber to the United Parliament. A canal is cut on the w^estern bank of the river, to open a water communication v/ith Lin^er- ick, and also with Dublin, by the Grand Canal: here an extensive Eel Wire is constructed across the Shannon. On the road leading from Kinnegad to MuUingar, at the thirty- second mile-stone, the road from Killucan, joins on the right, and a cross road on the left, passes by the beautiful demesne of Lowtown. On this side of the thirty-third mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left, and the ruins of an old castle on the left; at the thirty-sixth mile-stone, are the ruins of an old castle on the left; this vicinity is thickly interspersed with delightful mansions an4 demesnes, occupied by an opulent ^gentry. Parishes in the Barmyi of Moyashill and Magheredernon. Disart, Rathconne], Mullingar, Kilbeggan. rOR IRELAND. 175 Miles. — 29i 33 4 37 3 40 H 441 7-1 52 7^ 59^ To Athlone^ by Kinnegad. Kinnegad, . . . . Kilbride- Pass, .... Beggar's Bridge, .... Tyrril's Pass, Kilbeggan, • i • . . Moat-a-grenogue, .... Athlone. . . . . , Midlingar^ — Distant thirty-four rhiles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is a large populous well built town, situated on a river issuing from Lough-Fayle, it is the sliire and assizes town of the County, and a place of considerable trade ; besides the old barrack, sufficiently spacious to con- tain two troops of horse, a more extensive one has been lately erected, for the accommodation of a large gar- rison, destined to be stationed in this central and important station. Its public buildings are admirably well adapted for their intended purposes ; it was anciently a palatinate, and jrave the title of Baron to the family of Petit. Here a great wool fair is annually held. The finest horses in the kingdom, are exhibited at the fair of MuUingar, specifi- cally held for the sale of that beautiful and useful animal. In the year 1227, a Priory for Canons regular of the order of St. Augustin was founded here by Ralp de Petyt, Bishop of Meath; it was dignified with the distinctive appellation of being denominated The House of God of MuUingar. In the year 1426, the Prior of this house of God of Mul- lingar, brought a writ of error from the Parliament of Ire- lend, to the King's Bench in England, for arrears of rents claimed from the Priory of Lanthony in Monmouthshire , and on the King's Bencli refusing to interfere in the holy suit, so piously persisted in by the Prior of the Home of God of Midlingar this apostle of peace and meekness, humbly petitioned to have his suit removed to the English house of Lords. In the year 1464, this town was plundered and consumed by the people of Managh. Queen Elizabeth grant- ed this abbey, with all the appurtenances situated within the site thereof, besides other valuable possessions attached . thereto, to the family of Tuyte in capite by knight's service, and a trifling annual rent, Irish currency. In the year 1237, the family of Nugent founded a Dominican Friary here,- Queen Elizabeth granted this friary, church, cemetery, and all its other possessions, to Walter Hope, for £\0. ar- nual rent. Part of the bell-tower, and other frr.gments c>f the ruins, still remain. On this side of the town, tliree roads conterminate; a cross road issues cn the left, leading NEW traveller's GUIDE to Tyrrirs-Pass. Three roads issue from this town, that on the left leads to Athlone, the centre road stretches toward Cole- hill; and the third road, diverging on the right, branches toward Longford. It was a borough previous to the Union < On t!ie road leading from MuUingar to Athlone, at the fortieth miie stone, a cross road runs right and left, and the ruins of an old church lie on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Rathpnratk. Almoritia, Pierce-to wn, Conry, Killare, Rathonrath, Church-town • Moivore, Ballimore, At the forty-two mile stone, are the ruins of an old church on the right, and a cross road sweeps off to the left ; at the forty-three mile stone, across road runs right and left, Racondra is a small village distant forty-four miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, and celebrated for a synod held here in the year 1112, by Celsus, Archbishop of Armagh ; here a plain neat church is erected. The road forks into two branches, that on the right, leads to Bally- mahon, and the other on the left runs to Athlone ; at the forty- sixth mile stone a cross road runs right and left, and a church is situated on the right; at the forty -seven mile stone, a cross road, on the left, leads to Kilbeggan, and another on the right runs towards Ballymahon ; at the forty-eight mile stone are the ruins of an old castle, situated on the right ; here a cross road sweeps to the right towards Ballymahon, and a little farther on a cross road on the left, leads towards Kilbeggan. Ballimore is a small village, distant fifty miles from the Castle of Dublin : here a neat church and a small lake are situat- ed on the right, and the ruins of an old castle on the left ; a road branching on the left, leads to Moat ; it is supposed that a monastery was founded here by the family of Lacie in the year 1218, in honour of the Virgin Mary, for Gilbertine Monks, and Benedictine Nuns, living under the same roof, ia different apartments on the site of an old abbey probably erected previous to the year 700 ; it does not appear from the labori- ous researches of Archdall's Monasticon Hibernicum, to whom this monastery , with all its valuable appurtenances were grant- ed, at the general suppression of monastic institutions ; at the fifty- two mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle on the left ; at the fifty-three mile stone a cross road, on the left, branches towards Moat ; at the fifty-four mile stone, the ruins of Killinney Castle are situated on the right ; on this side of the fifty-six mile stone, a joad from Moat unites on the right. FOR IRELAND. Parishes in the Barony of Kilkenny West. Kilkenny West, Bunowen, Nogheval. Irhe intermediate space from the last mentioned station to Athlone is intersected with bogs. It is inhabited by an opulent gentry, whose industry has contributed to improve the cultivable portions of their allotted inheritance. To Athlone by Kinnegad. Kinnegad, Mullingar, Racondra, Ballymore, Athlone, MaIoa, 0 29| H 38|: 6 44'i 51- 50 611 At the village of Drumrath in this barony, a celebrated monastery was founded in the year BBS, dedicated to St Enan, which was consumed by the Ostmen m the year 946, with one hundred and fifty persons who perished in the flames. In the year 995, an hospital erected at Drumrath wherein were three hundred patients, was burned by the men of Munster. The family of Dillon founded an abbey in Hare Island situated in Lough- ree which borders on this barony. At the village of Kilkenny west, which gives name to the barony, an abbey was founded by Friar Thomas, grandson to Sir Thomas Dillon, who came to Ireland in the year 1185: Queen Elizabeth granted this abbey with all its appurtenances to Robert Dillon for a small annual reijit. Here is a holy well dedicated to the Virgin Mary. To Moyvore by Mullingar. Mullingar, Racondra, Moyvore, Miles. 0 6 Si Parishes in the Barony of Mogeesh. Kilbixy, Russagh, Kilmacnevin, Street, 2 A Templeoran, Rathaspick. US KEW TRAVELLtR^S GUIDE On the road leading from Mullmgar to Cole-hill at the forty one mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the left leads to Ballymahon, and the other on the right, runs to Cole* hill ; at the forty two mile stone, a cross road runs right and left; at the forty third mile stone, is the beautiful seat of Sonnagh, situated on the right ; at the forty four mile stone lies Trasternagh to the right, the residence of Sir Pigott PierS; Baronet; on this side of the forty six mile stone, Morins-town Church is situated on the left, and the well planted demesne of Meares Court stands on the right; at the forty seven mile stone, a cross road on the left, runs to Ballimore ; and another on the right leads to Buck-house-inn; at the forty tight mile stone, stands Moyvore village, a Kttle beyond which the county terminates in this direction. To Biiclc'house^lnn hy Mullingar. Miles. Mullingarj , . . * 0 58^ Ballinacargy, . . . . 7| 45^ Buck*house-Inn, . . • J| 47 r On the road leading from Mullingar to Cole-hill, Ballina- cargy village is situated, distant forty five miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, Buck-house-Inn is distant forty seven miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin : here are the ruins of an old Church. A cross road sweeps to the left ; at the forty eight mile stone, the river Inny terminates the county in this direction. Geoffry De Constaiitinc, an early English emigrant, founded a splendid priory of Canons Regular at the village of Trasternagh in this barony : the Prior of which named Geoffiy Delamer^ was attainted by the Irish Parliament for high treason in tlie year 1468, he having on the 12Lh of October in said year robbed, burnt, and spoiled the town of Taghmon, situated in tlie barony of Delvin, being aided in the aforementioned atro- sity by English and Irish rebels. In the year 1590, a lease of this jiriory, with all its possessions, was granted to captain Wil* liam Piers. Another abbey was founded at the village of Kil- michacl in this barony for Franciscan Friars. At the general ^suppression of liionastic institutions, this monastery with all its j^osscssions, was granted to Robert Nagle. The village of Kilbixy situated in this l>arony, was adorned with a castle, erected by Hugh De Lacie in the year 1 192, who also founded a monas- tic Hospital for the relief of lepers. On the road running rOR IRELAND. 179 from Mullingar to Edgesworth's-town, at the forty mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle, where the road from Castle- Pol- lard unites on the right. Here is situated Levinge-town Park, the residence of Sir C. Levinge, baronet. At the forty-one mile stone, a cross road sweeps off to the right ; at the forty-two mile stone, a cross road branches towards the right, and Lough Huel lies on the left; at the forty four mile stone, is situated Wilson's Hospital on the right; on this side of the forty-five mile stone, stands Leny Church on the right: across road runs right and left, and the Charter School is situated on the left; at the forty five mile stone, Donore, the seat of Sir James Nugent, Yieii on the right, contiguous to which is situated the beautiful mansion and demesne of Lacken ; here are the ruins of an old castle mouldering on the right. To Ballinalack^ by Mullingar. (Miles.) Mullingar, — ^84 Leny, 6| Bailinalack, l\ 46/^ Parishes in the Barony of Corkerry. Multiferrion, Stonehall, Leny, Portlemon, Taghmon, Tiffernan. Portshaungan, Lackin Ballinalack^ — Is a small village, distant forty-six miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, and pleasantly situated on, the river Inny, flowing from Lough Erne, w^hich is on the left. Beyond the forty-seventh mile stone, a cross road on the left, leads to Ardagh ; at the forty-eighth mile-stone, the road from Granard unites on the right ; at the forty-ninth mile stone, i^ situated New-Pass, a charming seat, commanding a beautiful prospect over a neat little lake, delightfully fringed with plan- tations, tastefully arranged ; here the county terminates in this direction. William Delemar founded a monastery for conventual Franciscans, at the village of Multefcrnan, in this Barony. This abbey was so highly esteemed, that a chapter of the Provincial order w^as held here in 1529. At the general suppression. King Henry the Eighth distributed the different possessions attached to this monastery between Edmond Field, Patrick Clynch, and Philip Penteny. Notwithstanding thij royal alienation of monastic property, the friarg, still tacitlj ISO K£W traveller's GUIDE permitted to reside in the house, became so opulent, that in 1622, they attempted to erect an additional establishment of the fraternity at Mullingar, and continued in peaceable posses- sion of the abbey until 1641, when it was utterly abolished, and the holy fathers were dispersed for fostering and fomenting that sanguinary rebellion, hatched and matured by this intrigue- ing and bigotted fraternity. The ruins which still exist, evince the neatness of the structure, built of blackish stone ; the east window, totally destitute of external ornaments, still remains entire. Another monastic institution was founded at Leckinin this Barony, which was afterwards erected into a bishopric, \yha:e St. Fechindied Anno 664, in the 130 year of his age. To Mullingar^ ly Castletown Delvin. (Miles,) Castletown Delvin . • . — | S5\ ' Mullingar , . . , lOf | 46' Parishes in the Barony of Delvin, Clonarney, Castletown Delvin, Killuagh, Killagh, Kilcumney, Kilweilagh. On the road leading from Athboy to Mullingar, W estmeath County commences at the thirtieth mile-stone ; at the thirty- second mile-stone, is situated Ballinlough, the charming resi-. dence of Hugh O'Reilly Esq. ; a cross road branches off to the right, and a little farther on, another sweeps to the left; at the thirty-fourth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left. Castletown Delvin^ — Is a small village, distant thirty-five miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin ; on the right of which, is situated the charming residence of the Earl of West- meath, and the ruins of an old castle stand on the left. At the thirty-sixth mile-stone, the road from Trim unites on the left; at the thirty-seventh mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right, and the ruins of an old castle lie on the right. At the thirty- ninth mile-stone, are situated the ruins of an old castle on the right. A cross road on the right leads to Castle- Pollard, and another on the left, runs to Kinnegad. At the forty-third mile-» etone, the road from Kells unites on the right. To Castlc-Poliard^ by Castletown Delvin, (Miles.) Castletown Delvin . . . — I 35^ Maypole I if | 47 Castle-Pollard . . . • 2 | 49 3?0R IRELAND* 181 FarhJies in the Barony of Fo^uore, Castle- Pollard, Mayne, Foyran, Fagbalstown, Fowre, Kilpatrick. Lickblagh, Casile-Pollardy — Is a small village, distant forty-nine milc5 from the Castle of Dublin. A cross road on the right lemh to Finae, and another on the left, to Mullingar. Within a mile of this village, is situated Packentam-Hall, tlie splendid residence of the Earl of Longford. Finae. — On the road passing from Cross-Keys to Granard, is situated the neat but small village of Fiiiae, distant forty- nine miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin; the stream on which this town is built, divides the Counties of Westmeatli and Cavan. Old-Castle. — On the road leading from Athboy to Daly'4; Bridge, is situated Old- Castle village, distant forty-one miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin. A cross road runs right and left. Fowre, from which the half Barony derives its name, although now a decayed village, was formerly deemed a place of much importance. Here a priory for canons regular was founded by St. Fechin, in the year 630, where three thou- sand monks were collected. The ruins of three churches, an abbey, and an anchorite's cell, attest the extent of this magni- ficent monastic structure. This town was a Borough previous (0 the Union, 382 KEw traveller's guide Table of Fairs Jield in the County of WestmeatJi every month in the year. Places where held. Time. Places where held. Time. Jan, CastlepoUard . . . 21 Athlone .... 10 , Athlone .... 26 Coolnaha • • • • ZS 31 Clanmellon . . . 28 30 June, 5 7 Feb. rSallimore . . . • Kellear .... 1 Rathconrath . . . 7 ^jriasson • . • • Kille valley 12 Balnalack . . . 15 Miltown .... H Seven Churches . . Kilbeggaii . . . 14 16 Mar. Multifarnham . . 5 22 Balnabarna . • . 19 Don ore .... 29 Athlone .... Iviilucan .... 21 Zl JvJy. Freemarket . . . Ballinahown . , . 1 2 Jjpril, Mullingar . , , Mullingar . . . 4 Coolnaha .... 8 Nouffhwell , . . 13 Moat . . 25 Clonmellon . • . 25 Ballinahown . . . 29 27 Freemarket . . . 30 Aug, May, Castletown Delvin . \ Clanmellon , . 2 CastlepoUard • • Moyvore .... Glasson .... 10 Coolnaha .... 7 Balnabarna . . . 14. Grangemore . . . 7 18 CoJlinstown . . . 8 Moyvore .... 20 Kinnegad .... 9 Kilgarvan . . . 26 Ballinacargy . . , 9 Churchtown . . . 26 Glasson .... 10 Mullingar . . . 29 Multifarnham . . Ballinabarna . . . 13 15 Bathovven . . . 15 Multifarnham . . 1 1'crrils-Pass . . . 17 Athlone .... 6 Balnalack .... 18 Ballinahown . . . 11 Goole ..... 29 IS ron IRELAND. 188 j^laccs wh^vc held. 20 Clanmellon 29 Castletowngeoghegan 29 Oct. Balnalack . . ♦ . 2 Moat 2 Miltown . • • . 2 Castlepollard . . . 10 Ballimore . . • • 14 Ballinacargy • . . 20 Kilkenny west . • 22 Killyvalley • . . 23 Coolnaha • • • . 26 Kilbeggan . . . 28 Collenstown . , . SO Freemarket • , . SO Places where held. Time, Nov. Granffeinore . o 7 MuUingar 11 Finae 15 Coole 20 Glasson .... 20 Killucan . . • . 28 Balnabarna . . . 28 Dec. Castletown Delvin . 1 Moyvore .... 5 Ballinahown • . , 8 Castlepollard 10 Nathowcn . . . , 14? 15 Terrii's-Pass . . . 17 Balnalack .... 20 Freemarket , . , 20 COUNTY OF LONGFORD. The County of Longford is bounded on the wei;t by Roscom^ mon, from which it is separated by the river Shannon • on the north by the Counties of Letrim and Cavan ; and on the east and south by Westmeath. Its greatest extent from north to south is about 20 Irish miles, and about 16 Irish miles from east to west. Its supcrfices comprises IS^^TOO acres Irish plan- tation measure, including bogs, mountains, and ^vaste. It con- tains six baronies, Longford, Ardagh, Granard, Moydoe, Rath- line and Shrule, which are divided into twenty-three parishes. The soil is generally fruitful, though much interspersed with bogs, mountains, morasses, and fens ; the flat grounds skir- ting along the Shannon are subject to inundations ; great crops of oats are annually raised in this county and sent to Drogheda market ; the women are industriously occupied in spinning, and the linen manufacture is gradually improving and extending in all directions ; the Shannon forms its western boundary ; the river Inny waters a portion of the southern district; the rivers Camlin and Fallen, with other numerous inferior streamlets ir- rigate the remaining districts in various directions. Lough Gav/- nagh is its most extensive and considerable collection of fresh water, besides which, there arc many small lakes too inconside- rable to be noticed, but materially contributing to deversify the the scenery. When the Royal Canal shall be completed to its intended destination, the facility and cheapness of w^ater conveyance for the product of its soil, must materially contribute to inhance the value of the lands, encourage the farmer to more active industry, and rescue the fairest and most fertile poi'tions from grazing, in which mode of far mujg, the gentry are exclusive- ly occupied. rOR IRELAND* 185 Miles. Ballymalion - • - ^ - j 62| Lanesborough - - - - l9 | 62| Parishes in the Barony of Raildinc, Kilcomack, Rathline Cashel Shnl? Lanesborough ROADS. On tiie road leading from Mullingar to Ballymalion, Long, ford County commences on this side of the forty-nine mile- stone ; at the fifty mile-stone is situated Forgney Church ; a cros.'i road on the right, leads to Shrule- abbey ; here the road forks into two branches, that on the right leads to Barry, and the other on the left to Bally mahon; the road from Ballimore unites on the left ; beyond the fifty-first mile-stone a cross road on the left branches towards Athlone. Ballymalion^ — Distant fifty-two miles and a half fro-m Dublin Castle, is a small neat town, pleasantly situated on the river Inny ; the road from Ballimore unites on the lel't ; a road brandl- ing off to the left, leads to Athlone, and a cross road on the right, stretches towards Edgeworths-town ; at the fifty-thee mile-stone a cross road on the right leads to Barry ; at the fifty- four mile-stone a cross road on the right runs to Longford : a little beyond the fifty-five mile-stone is situated Kilcomack Church on the right ; here the road passes through a large tract of bog; at the sixty-first mile-stone, the road from Athlone unites on the right. Lanesborough^ — Distant sixty-two miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, is delightfully situated on the river Shannon, over which a fine stone bridge is constructed; it has an handsome church, and a barrrack for a troop of horse ; it gave the title of Viscount to the family of Lane, as it now^ gives the title of Earl to the family of Butler; it was a borough previous to the Union. The road from^Kilashee unites on the right. On the road leading from Ballinecargy to Cole-hill, Longford County com- mences where the road crosses the River Inny, a little beyond the forty eight mile-stone ; at the forty-nine mile-stone are the i'uins of an old churchy and castle, situated on the right ; at 2 3 186 KEW TRAVELtEK's GUIDE the fifty mile-stone two cross roads branch off on the right, one leadini> to Edgesworthstown, and the other te Longford ; on the left lies the ruins of Shrule abbey, founded by the family of OTarrel for monks of the Cistertian order, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary : Queen Elizabeth granted the scite of this monastery with all its valuable appurtenances to Robert Dillon and his heirs, in capite for a trifling annual rent Irish currency. At an inquisition held in 1592, it was discovered that on the surrender of this abbey, the abbot was seized of some possessions then concealed from the visitors, which were now forfeited on a more accurate scrutiny. On the opposite bank of the River Inny is situated Tenelick, the charming mansion, and extensive demesne of the late Lord Annaly. Colehill^ — Is an inconsiderable village, distant fifty-one miles from Dublin Castle ; a cross road on the right leads to Long- ford ; at the fifty-two mile-stone stands the church of Tashiny -on the right; on this side of the fifty-third mile-stone a cross road leading from Bailymahon, runs to Edgeworthstown. Parishes in the Barony of Shrule, Forgney Taughshinny Abbeyshrule Aharagh 'Barry^ — Is a small village distant fifty-four miles and a half from Dublin Castle ; a cross road on the right leads to Longford, and another on the left runs to Bailymahon ; here the ruins of an old castle lie to the right ; at the fifty-five mile-stone a cross road on the right leads to Longford, and another on the left runs to Tirlicken. Parishes in the Barony of Moydoe. KillarJiee, Moydoe, Taghsinnod, At the fifty-six mile-stone a cross road runs to the left. Kenagh^ — Is a small village distant fifty-six miles and three- quarters from Dublin Castle, agreeably situated on a river of the same name ; a cross road on the right leads to Longford. A little beyond the fifty-seven mile-stone is situated on the left, Mosstown, the splendid residence of Sir W. Newcommon bart, the river Kenagh winds its course through the extensive and 'atH planted demesne ; at the fifty-nine rnile-stone, the road lOR IRELAND. IS? liom Ardagh unites on the right ; here are the ruins of an old church and castle lying to the right, Killasheej — Is a considerable village distant sixty-one miles from Dublin Castle, where a plain neat church is erected. The road from Longford unites on the right ; a cross road to the right, branches towards Newtown-Forbes ; and another on the left communicates with Lanesborough ; at the sixty-fourth mile- stone are the ruins of an old church, and Brienstown Castle, formerly destined to overawe any encroachments from Connaught across the Shannon, and a little farther on is Tomonbarry bridg'e erected over that majestic river ; a priory was founded by Grom- gall O'Quin, in the reign of King John, at the village of Dcirg in this barony dedicated to St. Peter, which, at the general sup- pression of monastic institutions, was granted with all its posses- sions to Nicholas Aylmor. St. Modan who v/as consecrated bi« shop in 591, was abbot at Moydoe, which gives name to this barony. J.0 ColehiU Barry Kenagh - - - Killashee Tarmonbarry-bridge Mil 51 - 3} 5ii 2i 56f - 4-i 61 3-i 64f Parishes in the Baro7iy of Ardagh. Ardagh, Mcstrim, Ballymacormacj Rathrea. Kilglass, On the road leading from Mullingar to Longford town, Longford County commences on this side of the fifty mile-stone; at the fifty-two mile-stone, a cross road on the right leads to Ballymahon. Edge^joorthsto'wn^ — Is a considerable village, distant fifty-two miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle; here is a plain commodi- ous church ; a cross road on the right leads to Grannard; and another on the left runs to Ballymahon ; at the fifty-four mile- stone a cross road on the right runs to Johnstown, and another on the left to Ballymahon. Ardagh, which is now a decayed village, gives name to this barony; it was erected into an epis- copal see about the year 454, of which St Mael, a disciple and reputed nephew of St. {^atrick, was consecrated the first bishop. 188 NEW ftlxiVELLER''s GUIDE 111 1658 it was united to Kilmore. In 1692 it was re-establisljf- into a separate bishoprick, and so remained during the life of Docter Ulysses Burgh, the then consecrated bishop, on whose demise, it was again re-united to the see of Kilmore, to which it remained annexed, until the year 1741, when Doctor Hort then Archbishop of Tuara, procured its seperation from the see of Kilmore, and obtained its annexation to the archiopiscopal see of Tuam, to which it still remains attached: only a few iVagments of its ancient cathedral now remains, which is sup- posed to be one of the original churches erected after the con- version of the natives. At the fifty-six mile-stone a cross road runs right and left; a little farther on a cross road from Bally- mahon unites on the left ; on this side of the fifty-seven mile- stouiS a cross road runs to the right ; on this side of the fifty- eighth mile-stone the charter school is situated on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Longford, » Clondra, Clongesh, Templemichael. Longford to^wn^ — Distant fifty-eight miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is agreeably situated on the River Camlin ; it is the shire and assizes town of this county; here is a good barrack for a troop of horse ; the charter school was liberally endowed by Lord Longford ; the ©ther public buildings are a goal, a church, a court house, and market house, edifices indispensibly necessary for all assizes towns. At a very early period an abbey was founded here, of which St. Idus a disciple of St. Patrick's was appointed the first abbot. In 1400, a splendid monastery for friars of the order of St. Dominick, was founded here by O'Farrel Prince of Annaly, in honour of the Virgin Mary. In 1429, it was destroyed by fire; a bill of plenary indulgence was granted by Pope Martin the fifth to every individual who would piously contribute to the re-erection of this structure, a melan- choly example of popular delusion and sacerdotal arrogance. The possessions of this monastery, were granted in capite for ever, to Richard Nugent, by Philip and Mary, royalties ex- cepted. Queen Elizabeth granted the scite- of the friary, with all its residuary appurtenances, to Sir Nicholas Malbie, Knight, in 1615, King James the first, granted the monastery to Lord ^'alentia. This town gave the title of Earl to the family of Aungier, and afterwards the title of Viscount to tlie family of Mickletliwaite. It now pives the title of Baron to the noble family of Packenham. — To the present noble Lord's sister, Ire- iiinds' Pride and Europe's Liberator, the illustrious Duke of FOR IRELAND. Wellington, is married. Here the roads from Granard and Bally mahon unite. Newto'wn Forbes^ — Is a neat small village, distant &ixty-one miles from the Castle of Dublin ; here a plain church i& erected. At the sixty-second mile stone, is situated on the left, Castle Forbes, the splendid residence of the Earl of Granard ; a little beyond the sixty-second mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Drumless — the direct road towards Husky Bridge, situated in the county of Leitrijii. Parishes in the Bcrony of Gr Abbeylarach, Collumkill, Clonbroney, Granard. The road passing between Finae and Granard, traverses tlie County of Cavan for a short distance, along the shore of Lough Inny, and again re-enters the County of Longford. Granard^ — Is a comfortable town, distant fifty-two miles from the Castle of Dublin, and about sixteen from Longford ; here is a barrack for a company of foot ; near the town is a very lofty Danish mount, named the mount of Granard ; it is supposed to have been artificially constructed ; on the summit of which a Danish fort was erected, commanding a very exten- sive prospect. In 1250 Lord Richard Tuit founded an abbey for monks of the Cistertian order, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In 1211 this lord perished by the fall of a tower at Athlone, and was interred in his own abbey. In 131 9 Edward Bruce burnt this town and sacked the monastery. On the fifth of September 17S8, a formidable column of rebels was gallantly defeated by the neighbouring corps of yeom.anry, collected foi- the protection of the town. It gives the title of Earl to the noble family of Forbes ; it was a borough previous to the Union. Two roads issue on the left, one leads to Edgeworths- town, and the other to Johnstown. A road on the right, runs to Scarby bridge. Near this town are the ruins of Larna abbey, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and supposed to have been founded by St. Patrick. The road passing from Granard to Johnstown, at the fifty-fourth mile-stone, forks into two branches, that on the right, leads to Johnstown, and the othe:, on the left, to Longford. There are some pleasant country seats scattered between Granard and St. Johnstown, which contribute to enliven and diversify this naked and bleak niountaincus district. 190 KEW traveller's GUIDE T^o Newtoiion-ForheSy by Edgeworthstowji. Edgeworthstovvn . • . — 52| Longford . . . . 6 58| Newtown-Forbes . . . 2| 61 SL Johnstowfij — Is a small decayed village, situated on tlia river Camlin, and distant fifty-eight miles and three-quarters from the Castle of Dublin. It was a borough previous to the Un^ ion. A i*oad on the right, leads to.RossdulF, and the other on the left, to Longford. Here a friary was founded, no traces of which now remain. On an island in Lough Garon, situated in this Barony, St. Columb founded an abbey for canons regular, about the middle of the fifth century. In 804 the Danes destroyed this abbey, and invaded Roscommon. On Inishbofin, an island in Loughrea, St. Rioch, nephew to St. Patrick, founded an abbey, which was consumed by fire in 770. In 1010 it was plundered by the men of Munster. In 1087 it was again sacked and pillaged by the men of Munster. In 1089 the Danes plundered and destroyed this abbey. On the island of All Saints, in the same lough, St. Kierin erected a noble monastery, about the year 544. This abbey, with all its possessions, was granted to Sir Patrick Barnwall,* at the general suppression. The northern portion of the Barony af Granard, bordering upon Cavan, is very mountainous. In this Barony are situated the Lakes Earne and Derruk. At Bally- namuck, a small village in the Barony of Granard, the French forces commanded by General Humbert, and accompanied by a vast number of infatuated Irish rebels, surrendered to General Lake, who commanded under his Excellency Marquis Corn- wallis, on the 8th of September, 1798. An event, which finally concluded that sanguinary and fanatic rebellion, and effectually frustrated all the projected operations of the revolu- tionary insurgents. To St. Johnstowrip by Granard. Granard . . . . — | 52 St. Johnstown • , . 6| | 58* FOR IRELAND. A Table of Fairs held in the County of Longford in everif month of the year. JPlciC6S wh67'6 held* Time, Q Joeo* Barry , • . • 1 Lanesborough . . 12 jjaiiyinauoii • • • JMarcn Edgeworthstown 1 Killashee .... 8 Tashiny • . . • April. Aruacfn • • • • O aNewtowniorDes • • Clf\ JO Barry .... JQ JMay. Granard . • • • 3 St. Johnstown . . 11 Ballymahon , . . 1 1 Drumlish .... 14. Bonlahy • . • • lo Ballynainuck , • . 22 Killashee .... 24 JL augiismiiny • • OQ uiine. JLiUlJUiuxU . . • • 1 u Abbyshrule . • • 16 Cullyvore .... 24 July, Edgeworthstown Tashiny .... 2 9 Bonlaghy . . . . 26 26 Flaccs ivhere held^ Drumlish . . . Ballymahon , . Ardagh . . . Newtown forbes . Ballinamuck . . Edgeworthstown Drumlish . . . Cullyvore . . . Taughshinny . . Killashee . . . Granard Keanagh Bonlahy Barry . Longford Newtownforbes Ballymahon . St'. Johnstown Killashee . « • Drumlish . . . Bonlahy . . . Edgeworthstown N. B. No Fairs are held in this County in the month of January. 103 NEW traveller's GUIDE COUNTY OF LOUTH. Tin: County of Loutii, — Is bounded by Eastmeath on the ^outh and south west ; by Monaghan and Cavan on the west ; on the north by the counties of Armagh and Down; and by the Irish channel on the east. Its greatest extent from north to south, is about twenty one Irish miles, and from east to west, about sixteen Irish miles. Its superfices com- jn'ises 126,960 Acres, Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountain and waste. It contains four baronies, Ferrard, Atherdee, Louth, and Dundalk, which are divided into sixty- one parishes. The soil is generally fertile; its surface is undulating and uneven, and thickly interspersed with lofty hills, which highly contribute to diversify its scenery. — The fragments of its ancient monuments are numerous, bearing evident marks of grandeur and magnificence as it constituted the centre of the English Pale, originally extending from AVicklow on the south to Dunluce m the north. Its prin- cipal rivers are the Boyne, which seperates the counties of Eastmeath for a ehort distance, and Louth, the Dee, the Fane, the Lagan, the Dundalk, and the Jenesborough, which t averse this County from west to east, and discharge their waters into the Irish Channel. There are no considerable fresh water lakes in this county. , . Drogheda, — Distant twenty three miles and a half from Ddblin Castle, though situated within the precincts of the County of Louth, on the north bank of the river Boyne, con.vtilutcs, v/ith its liberties, extending into the counties of FOR IRELAND. 193 Louth and Eastmeath, a distinct town and county in itself, where separate assizes are held. It contains two Parishes, St. Peter's and St. Mary's, into which the town is divided, and Ballimakenny in the hbertics. It is governed by a mayor and sheriffs, and returns one member to the united Parliament. The harbour is excellent and the river navigable up to the bridge. It is large, regular, and well built, and carries on a very considerable trade. The Tholsel is an handsome structure ; its fish-market is most abundantly supplied, particularly with sal- mon caught in the river Boyne. It is a walled town, but its antiquated fortifications would offer a feeble resistance to the present improved system of assault, as the town is commanded by adjacent eminences which, possessed by judicious scientific invaders, would quickly compel a capitulation. Its monastic insti- tutions before the reformation, were a priory of canons regular, following the rules and ordinances prescribed by St. Augustin, in which cardinal Papero, held a synod in 1152. Amlave, the Abbott, was expelled from its government for sacrilegious crimes. The date of its foundations is not ascertained. St. Mary's Hospital was founded w^ithout the w^est gate of the city by Ursus De Swemele, who, with the consent of his wife, Christiana, granted all his Irish possessions for the support of this hospital. In 1300, Hamund the butcher, having murdered his wife, took sanctuary here. In 1377, four of its friars were indicted for assaulting, wounding, and robbing William Ashe of a knife, in the town of Drogheda, but were acquitted by a Jury. At the general suppression of monastic institutions, this abbey, and all its possessions, were granted to the mayor of Drogheda. St. Laurence's Priory, situated near a gate of the same name, is supposed to have been foun- ded by the mayor and citizens of Drogheda. At the general suppression, this house, with all its appurtenances, was granted to the mayor and citizens of Drogheda. A Dominican Friary dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen, was founded in 1224^, by Lucas De Netterville, Arch-bishop of Armagh. In 1300, Waller, son of Hugh, escaped from Carrickfergus Prison, and took sanctuary in the church of this house, w^here he confessed himself a felon. In 1330 Waller de Galway, having murdered John de Grymsly with a knife, took sanctuary here and confessed himself a felon. In 1394, the Irish Kings made personal submission to King Richard the Second. In this abbey Boniface the Ninth, in 1401, granted indulgence to all persons visiting the church and chapels of this monas- try, on certain festivals. In 1405, the merchants of Drogheda NEW TRAYLLLEU'S GUlDS made a descent upon Scotland whence they carried some iiostages and considerable booty. In 1451, a parliament was held at Drogheda. In 1460, a parliament was held at Drogh- cda. In 1 464 Thomas Earl of Desmond was beheaded at Drogh-^ eda and interred in this monastry. In 149^4, a parliament was held at Drogheda, which enacted the Poinings Law. Henry the Eighth granted this abbey, with all its extensive possessions, to Walter Dowdall and Edward Becke in capite for ever. Gyay Friar}', supposed to have been founded in 1240, stands on the north side of the river Boyne. In 1300, Richard Deblet, with other felons, having effected their escape from the town prison, took sanctuary in the church of this friary. In the same year, Thomas de Morson, having slain John de Medleton, also took sanctuary in this church. Henry the Eighth granted this friary with all its extensive possessions, to Gerald Aylmer in capite for ever. Augustinean Friary was founded in 1'300, which at the suppression was granted to the mayor and citi- ;'cns of Drogheda, There were also the houses of St. James and St. Bennett, respecting which, nothing particular is recorded. In 1641, Drogheda suffered most severely, being closely besieged by the rebels, and as gallantly defended by Sir Henry Tichburne, dispatched to its relief on the fourth of November, and appointed its governor. On the third of December, the besieged made a successful sally in quest of i'ornge, of which there was a great scarcity, and returned with a great store of corn and cattle; after the consumption of provisions, thus precariously obtained, the gai^'ison and townsmen were reduced to the utmost extremity by famine^ of which circumstance the besiegers were accurately informed^ and entertained very sanguine hopes of a speedy surrender ; but the sight of a convoy plentifully stored with all neces- saries for the relief of the inhabitants languishing and pining under all the horrors of famine, frustrated all their hopes, and so exasperated Sir Phehm O'Neil, that he resolved, on the second of February, to storm the town and take it by scalade ; but after a sanguinary conflict, he w^as bravely repul- sed. On the fifth of March Lord Moore made a sally, which so disconcerted the rebels, that their general, Sir Phelim O'Neil, was induced to raise the siege with precipitation, even before the approach of the Duke of Ormond despatched by govern- ment with sufficient forces to relieve the garrison. The mise- ries patiently endured by the garrison and the loyal inhabitants daring the long and close investment of the town, are pa:- ihctitally recorded in a diary written by the Rev. N. Barnard rOR IRELAND. an eye witness and a fellow sufferer of all the privations voluntarily submitted to, rather than yield to a fanatic iiord of superstitious and sanguinary rabble. Oliver Cromwell tarnished the splendour of his military atchievcments by wantonly massacreing the garrison and inhabitants, after he had made himself master of the town. The roads from Slane, Duleck, and the Naul, unite on the south side of the river to the left, and six roads issue from the northern extremity of the town. Within two miles of Drogheda, an obelisk is erec- ted in commemoration of a splendid victory obtained by King William the Third, over James the Second and his Irish adherents, on the first of July 1690. This town gives the title of Marquis to the noble family of Moore, and returns one member to the united Parliament. A road winds to the right, along the northern bank of the Boyne, to Clogher- Head j on this road are situated tke villages of Bankstown, Balloy, Tirmorfeckan, and Dardes Rath. On the road lead- ing from Drogheda to Castlebellingham, at the twenty-sixth inile-stone, are the ruins of Cairntown Castle, situated on the right. Parishes i7i the Baroni/ of Ferrard. Beaulieu, Port, Par sons town 5, Clogher, Rathdrummin, Drumshallon, Clonmore, Termonfeckin, Mellifont, Disert, Carrick, Newtown, Mayne, Collan, Salterstown, Monasterboyce, Dunany, Tulloghallenj Moylary, Marlinstown, Danleer. On this side of the twenty-seventh mile-stone lie the ruins of Ballymakenny church on the right. At the twenty-eighth mile-stone, is situated Drumshallon Church on the left; here a cross road runs right and left. On this side of the thirtieth mile-stone, is situated the small village of Grange Bellev/; a cross road on the left, leads to Dunleer, another on the right, to Clogher Head. Here stands Rath Church, situated on the right; at the thirtieth mile-stone is situated, on the right, Barmeath, the charming mansion of Sir Edward Bellew, Bart, encircled with an extensive and well planted demesne. A little farther on, stands the Church on the right, and at a small distance more to the right, is situated Clonmore Church. 196 KEW traveller's GUIDE Parishes in the Barony of Atherdee or Ardee. Drumcar, Cappoge, Clonkeene, Dromyn, Philipstown, Ardee, Charlestown, Kildemock, Mapustown, Mossstown, Smermore, Stabannon, Stickillerij Tallinstowii Richardstown, Shenlis, Gernanstown, Kilsorran, At the thirty second mile-stone, lie the ruins of Glide HoLith Castle, situated on the right; at the thirty third mile-stone the road crosses the river Dee, Castlebellingham, distant thirty-four miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, is a very pleasant village, agreeably situated on the River Lagan ; here ale of a very fine quality is brewed. The road from Dunleer unites on the lelt; at the lower extremity of the town, a road is- sues on the left, leading to Louth ; at Greenmount, near this town, there is a Danish rath, on an eminence commanding a very extensive prospect. At the thirty-sixth mile-stone, stands Dromiskin Church, on the right, where there is a round tower. Liirgan Gr^^w,— Distant thirty-seven miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a neat smart village, situated on the river Fane; here the road from Ardee unites on the left; at an inconsiderable distance to the left, is situated Clermount, an elegant seat, the property of the Earl of Clermount; at the thirty-eighth mile-stone, a cross road from Ardee unites on the left, and Hainstown Church is situated on the left. On this side of th^ thirty-ninth mile-stone is situated Haggardstown Church on the right, near the sea shore. Parishes in the Baroni/ of Louth. Derver, Dromiskin, Killincool, Louth, Mansfieldstown. Parishes in the Baroiiy of DundalJc. Ballybarrack, Bnronstown, Dunbyn, Foghart, Heynstown, Keiie, Carlingford, Pvmdalk, Ballymascanlin^ Haggardstown, Phihpstown, rOR IRELAND. 197 Dtmdallc, — Distant forty miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is the shire and assizes town of this County ; it is plea- santly situated on a river of the same name, at the mouth of a bay in the Irish Channel, having a fine harbour; it is a large, ancient, populous and opulent town, consisting of one wide street, nearly a mile long, from which many streets and lanes diverge. Its public buildings are a fine market- house, a court house, a goal, a barrack, and a charter school, liberally endowed by Lord Clanbrissil ; it is most advan- tageously situated for a very extensive inland trade. The only cambrick manufacture estabhshed in Ireland is car- ried on here; it was anciently a walled town, but is now dis- mantled : it was originally composed of towers and castles, which have been long since demolished to make room for more commodious habitations. In the reign of Edward the II. it was a royal city, and the last place in which a monarch of Ireland was actually crowned and resided ; as according to Spencer, Robert de Bruce, King of Scotland, embracing the opportunity afibrded by the dissentions fomented against Edward, by the refractory barons^ despatched his brother Edward to Ireland, with some Scottish forces : these were quickly reinforced by the disaffected Irish, who joyfully sallied from their woods, and fastnesses to join the invader. This motly group of insurgents and foreigners committed all manner of excesses wherever they approached, sacking, plundering and spoiling every corporate town of the English pale which fell into their hands, until they arrived at Dundalk, where this adventurer was crowned and proclaimed King : here he- resided for nearly a year, until Edward's English affairs per- mitted him to attend to the distracted situation of Ireland, whither he sent Lord Bermingham, with sufficient forces to exterminate the intruder, who accordingly encountered him near Dundalk, quickly vanquished his forces, and slew the invader, who thus lost his life and his crown in the conflict* The Castle was destroyed in the rebellion of 1641, It gave the title of Baron to the family of Georges, and returns one member to the united Parliament. Lord Roden has an ele- gant seat contiguous to the town. Its monastic institutions before the reformation, were a priory for Cross-bearers, follow- ing the order of St. Augustin, and dedicated to St. Leonard, founded by Bertram de Verdon, Lord of the town. — About the latter part of Henry the Second's reign. Queen Elizabeth granted this priory, with all its valuable possessions, to Henry Praycot and his heirs in capite^ at a trifling annual rent, Irish 19S NEW traveller's GUIOK currency. Gray Friary was erected on the east side of the town, by the Lord John deVerdon, in the reign of Henry the Third. The east window of the church was deemed an elegant specimen of neat and curious workmanship. This friary and all its appurtenances, were granted by Henry the Eighth to James Brandon in capite. — The roads from Louth and Carrickmacross unite on the left. From the northern extremity of the town issue the roads branching to Armagh, Newry and Carlingford ; the road leading from Dundalk to Armagh, at the forty-second mile-stone, forks into two bran- ches, that on the left leads to Castleblaney, and the other on the right, runs to Armagh. At the forty-third mile-stone are the ruins of Balbriggan Castle ; on the right a cross road on the left, leads to Mount- Hill. At the forty-fourth mile- stone, the ruins of Roch Castle, are situated on the left. At the forty-fifth mile-stone, a cross road runs right and left, and the ruins of an old castle lie on the right ; here the county terminates in this direction. On the road passing from Dun^^ dalk to Newry, a little beyond the forty-second mile-stone, a road branches off^ on the left, leading to Market-Hill, and another winding on the right, leads to Carlingford. At the forty-third mile-stone, are the ruins of Faughart Church on the left, and a little beyond the forty-fourth mile-stone, the county terminates in this direction. On the road leading from Dundalk to Carlingford, at the forty-fourth mile-stone, stands Ballymascalon Village, pleasantly situated on the Janes- borough river. A cross road on the left, leads to Newry. At the forty-fifth mile-stone, is situated Bellurgan Park; pleasantly extending along the sea shore. At the forty-eighth mile-stone, stands Piedmont on the left, a beautiful residence, the property of the Earl of Clermont ; a little farther on, are the ruins of an old castle on the left, and the ruins of au old church on the right. At the fifty-first mile- stone the ruins of an old castle, lie on the left, and the pleasant demesne of L'ish Grange is situated on the right. (Miles ) Drogheda , . . • , — 23j Dunleer 7 30^ Castlebellingham .... 4 Lurgan Green 3 37| Dundalk 3 40i N. B. The road running along the sea leads to Castle- bellingham, without touching at Dunleer. FOR IRELANt). 199 Carlingfm'd^ — Distant fifty one miles ^nd three quarters from Dublin Castle, is an inconsiderable town, pleasingly situated on a bay of the same name, remarkable for produce - ing fine flavoured oysters, of which vast quantities are sent every season to Dubhn. The harbour is deep and spacious, where the largest ship may anchor in safety, being sheltered by the adjacent lofty mountains ; but these local advantages are more than counterbalanced by the dangerous rocks, which obstruct a secure refuge in tempestuous weather, and there- fore, like the Sybel's grotto, it is avoided by the sea-beaten mariners. Here are the ruins of a very strong castle, sup- posed to have been erected by King John in 1210, boldly situated on a solid rock, washed by the sea ; the walls of this edifice were eleven feet thick. It commanded a very strong pass between the northern and southern counties by means of a narrow causeway, constructed over an impassable bog- The rays of the setting sun are intercepted from the in- habitants of this town by the intervening elevation of the adjacent mountains, for a considerable time before it descends below the horizon. At the opposite extremity of the town still exist the ruinous fragments of a monastery, founded in 1305 by Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, for Dominican preachers, under the invocation of St. Malachy. The visible demarcation of its limits, still existing, proves it to have been a sumptuous and magnificent structure. Henry the Eighth granted this monastic establishment, with all its immunities, exemptions, and possessions, to Nicholas Bagnel, in capite for ever, without any rent whatsoever. It gives the title of Viscount to the family of Carpenter, now created Earl of Tyrconnel, and was a borough previous to the Union. The road from Newry unites on the left. This wild, rocky and mountainous promontory is thickly interspersed with ancient castles, mounds and raths, erected to protect the possessions of the successive proprietors, who seem to have been well aware of its natural advantaged to secure a permanent estab- lishment, and therefore have left ample records of their in- dustry, to testify the sagacity of their speculation. The road passing from Drogheda to Dunleer, on this side of the twenty-seventh mile-stone, forks into two branches, that on the left leads to Ardee, and the other on the right to Dun- leer. At the twenty eighth mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right, and Caterstown demesne is situated on the right. At the twenty-ninth mile-stone, under a lofty hiil stands St<)nehouse romantic demesne: a cross road runs to the right. 200 KEW TRAVELLKli'S GUIDE (Miles.) Dundalk — 40| Ballymascaiilan . . . . 3| 431 Carlingford . • . . . 8 | 5li Dunlee}% — Distant thirty miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is an ancient decayed village, situated son a streamlet flowing into the river Dee. It was a borough previous to the Union: two cross roads run to right and two to the left; at the thirty-first mile-stone a road branching off on the ri^ht, leads to Castiebellingham ; at the thirty-second mile- stone, the road crosses the river Dee ; a cross road runs right and left, and Clintinstown church is situated on the left: a little farther on, the road forks into two branches ; that on the right leads to Castiebellingham, and the other on the left, to the mill of Louth. At the thirty-fifth mile-stone a cross road on the right, leads to Dundalk; at the thirty- seventh mile-stone, a cross road on the right leads to Dun- dalk, and another on the left to Ardee ; at the thirty-eighth mile-stone the road forks into two branches ; that on the left branches towards Castle Blaney, and the other on the right leads to the town of Louth, which is distant thirty-nine miles from Dublin Castle. Though a place of great antiquity which gives name to the barony, it is now a decayed village. Here St. Patrick founded an abbey for St. Mochteus, a Britain, who, according to M'Geoghegan, lived to the in- credible age of three hundred years and three days, (Credat Judoeas Apella.) On the same authority it is asserted, that one hundred bishops and three hundred presbyters, all eminently distinguished for piety and learning, were educated in a school established in this abbey. In 998, Murreartagh son of Donnell King of Ireland, pillaged the abbies of Louth, and Drum- j^hallon, then possessed by the Danes, many of whom were slaughtered. In 981, the steeple of Louth was blown down. In 1043, Andalus O'Ruaire pillaged Louth and all the adjacent district ; but the indignation of the holy saints Mochteus and Ronan, at such sacrilege amply revenged the injury, having caused the plunderer to be assassinated by a mean fellow, named Little Art. It is rather marvellous that the same overruling influence of these tutelary guardians did not pre- serve the steeple from the effects of the storm, and the sacrilege committed by King DonnelFs son. In i 1 1 1, this abbey was consumed by fire. In 1148, the abbey was consumed in a general conflagration. On the scite of the abbey a priory for canons regular was erected at the joint expense FOR lilELAND. 201 hf the Bishop of Clogher, and Prince of Orgeal, which was Consecrated by Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, and ap- pointed a sanctuary. Louth was frequently sacked and pil- laged. In 1242, a chapter was held here by the Archbishop of Armagh, at which all the jibbots, priors^ and regular canons in the. kingdom wei-e collected, and many holy relics exhibited to edify the people. In 14-8^, the Prior being concerned in the rebellion fomented in favour of Lambert Symnell, received the king's pardon. This rich monastery, with all its extensive possessions, was granted at its suppres- sion, by Henry the Eighth to Oliver Plunket, Baron of Louth. A cross road on the left leads to the mill of Louth and another on the right runs to Dundalk. On the road leading from Drogheda to Ardee, at the twenty-seventh mile- stone, lie the ruins of Monasterboyce Abbey, founded at a very early period by St. Boetius, son of Bronate. In 1097 this abbey was destroyed by fire. Here are the ruins of two Chapels, whose structure evince their antiquity. On the south side of the Church, stand two crosses, one of which named St. Boyne's Cross, is ornamented with figures rudely engraven; the inscription nearly defaced, is in the Irish characters. It is deemed the most ancient religiotis relic now extant in Ireland. Near the west end of the chapel is a I'ound tower, one hundred and ten feet high, still in a very fine state of preservation. At the twenty-eighth mile- stone, a cross road runs right and left. Collon^ — Distatit twenty-nine miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a neat well built little town, having a fine church adorned with an handsome spire and steeple. Here a stocking manufactory is established under the patronage of the Right Honorable John Foster, an enlightened statesman, and the libe- ral promoter of our great national staple commodity, the linen manufacture. The demesne of CoJIon, contiguous to the town, is tastefully ornamented with extensive plantations. The l oads from Slane and Dunleer meet at this town ; two roads issue on the left, one leading to Kells, and the other to King's Court. The road leading to Ardee forks into two branches, one on the right and the other on the left; at the thirty-first mile-stone, a crossroad runs to the left; at the thirty- second mile-stone, a cross road leads to the right; at the thirty- third mile-stone, a cross road on the left, runs to Drumcon- dra : on this side of the thirty-fourth iliile-stone the road from Slane unites on the left. At the next end of the town, the J^oads from Kells^ Callon, and Dunleer unite. 2 D K£w Traveller's guide (Miles.) 2&i 5i 5 21 411 Droglieda « . . * . Collon . , . . Ardee . . . . • Mill of Louth . . Corcreah ..... Ardee, — Distant thirty-four miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is pleasantly situated on the river Dee : it was anciently a walled town, though now much fallen into decay. Here a strong castle was erected by Thomas Peppard, Lord of Ardee. It gives the title of Baron to the family of Brabazon, Earls of Meath, and was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish parliament. In 1207, the same Roger Lord of Ardee, founded an hospital for crouched friars or cross-bearers, following the rule of St. Augustin, for the good of his own, his wife's, father's, mother's and bro- ther's souls, who it seems, by this stipulation, and on such spe- cified conditions with heaven, were to be exempted from spiritual regeneration, and purgatorial tortures. Thus, as rich sinners may evade eternal reprobation, sometimes wealthy knaves escape the gallows. In 1215 great immunities were granted to this hospital by charter. In 1340, King lEdward the Third con- firmed all the former privileges and charters of this house. This great establishment, with all its possessions, was granted by King James the First to Sir Garret Moore, by letters patent. In the reign of Edward the First, a Carmelite friary was founded here, to which Ralph Peppard granted certain •innual charitable allowances. In 1313, the church of this friary, filled with men, v/omen and children, was consumed to ashes by the Scots and Irish commanded by Edward Bruce, Three roads issue from the lower end of the town, one lead- ing to Carrickmacross ; the direct road runs to Castleblaney, and another inclining to the right leads to Dundalk. Near Ardee there is a magnificent mount of considerable eleva- tion, named Castle Guard. It is apparently artificial ; its perpendicular height is about ninety feet, its circumference at the foundation is about six hundred feet, and at the summit it is about an hundred and forty feet. It is surrounded by a deep and wide trench. It is tastefully planted, which gives it a * picturesque and roinanlic appearance. On this side of the thirty-seventh mile-stone, stands Cliarlestown Church : a cross road runs right and left ; at the thirty-eighth mile-stone ct crof>^ road runs to the ri;rht. FOR IRELAND. 20S - Mill of Louth — All inconsiderable village, pleasantly situated on the river Lagan, is distant thirty-nine miles and a half from Dublin Castle ; here the road from Dunlcer unites on the right, and a road branching off, on the right, stretches towards Dundalk; at the forty-first mile-stone a cross road on the right, leads to Dundalk, on this feide of the forty-second mile-stone, a cross road on the left, leads to Carrickmacross : and another on the right, runs to Dundalk ; on this side of the forty-third mile-stone the county terminates in this direction. On the road leading from Drogheda to Slane, on the northern bank of the river Boyne, an obelisk is erected at the second mile-stone from Drogheda, in commemoration of the splendid atchievement, already noticed ; at the fourth mile-stone, vl a streamlet separating the counties of Louth and Eastmeath^ bounds the county in this direction. This county, although very limited in the extent of its dimensions, being deemed the smallest county in Ireland, has been the theatre of many sanguinary conflicts between the different invaders and the struggling natives in effectually combating to retain an exclu- sive possession. The fragments of the numerous monastic in- stitutions still existing, faithfully record the pious superstition which checked this ferocious barbarity of boundless ambition, as the erroneous maxim artfully inculcated, that the erection of a splendid temple, dedicated to the Deity, would expiate crimes however wantonly and deliberately committed, induced illustrious robbers to sacrifice a portion of their spoils to insure the salvation of their souls. Thus conscious guilt ex- cited terror, which produced that multiplicity of religious edifices, so profusely scattered in all directions over this fair island ; and as necessity dictated the cultivation of geometrical calculation in the muddy plains of Egypt, so the subtile policy of priest-craft, introduced architectural science, as the most effectual means to subjugate a credulous multitude under the influence of spiritual dominion. Thus abbies were mul- tiplied, and warriors were terrified. However, by this discordant combination of dissimilar causes, mankind were civilized, and the arts and sciences gradually succeeded military slaughter. The selfish ambition of the priesthood magically operated on the imaginaton of the vulgar, and the restless disposition of human nature was insensibly diverted to more peaceful habits and industrious occupations ; the reverence with which these holy mansions were generally adored, materially con- tributed to preserve the UKjst precious records of antiquity, . \vhich must have otherwise been irrevocably destroyed. Thi^ 204 NEW traveller's guide consideration induces an involuntary connivance at the de^ ficiency of the title by which possession was originally obtained, as the splendid liberality of an usurper reconciles the subject to the mortifying humiliation of innovation. The linen manufactory is most flourishingly established in every portion of this thickly inhabited county. It is unnecessary to descant on the variety of soil which a chain of high grounds, gradually ascending from the^ sea coast generally exhibits, as it must be light on the summits, and rich in the valleys. The mountainous tracts are situated between Dundalk and Carlingford, whose soil is invariably moor, or mossy peat, where naked rocks do np^ exclusively occupy the surface. I OR IRELAND. t05 A Table of Fairs held in this County every monlh oj the year. Ftaces ivktre keld* Mullaghrew - - Foggart - - - Dundalk - - - Mullaghrew Annagossan Mullaghrew Louth Mullaghrew - - Castlebel 1 ingh am Ravinsdale - - Mullaghrew - Annagossan - Collon . . Drogheda Dunleer - - Dundalk - - Drumcashel - liUrgangreen Ardee Mullaghrew Rochdale Drogheda Collon Castletown Dunleer - Dundalk - Jlavensdale FLacca where hold, Lurgangreen Mullaghrew - - Anna Mullaghrew Ardee ^ Drogheda Dundalk - Augusts 15 20 26 27 Mullaghrew - - Dunleer - - - Ravensdale - - Carlingford - - Castlebellingham Drumcashel - - Mullaghrew - - Rochdale - - Collon - - - Ardee - - - Dundalk - - Drogheda - - Annagossan - Lurgangreen Ravensdale - Mullaghrew - Collon - ' Dunleer - Dundalk - Ardee MuUaobrew Sep, 8 19 i 10 10 12 18 20 20 23 25 29 Nov. 8 11 12 16 2t Dec, 11 13 17 21 NEW TIlAV£I,tER's GUIDE COUNTY OF WATERFORD. The County of Waterfobp is bounded on the north by the river Siiir, which separates it from the Counties of KiU kenny and Tipperary, on the east by its own harbour, which divides it from the County of Wexford ; on the south by the ocean ; and on the west by the County of Cork. Its greatest extent from north to south is about thirty-eight Irish miles, and from east to w^est about fifteen Irish miles. Its surface contains 262,800 acres Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountains and waste : it consists of seven Baronies, Gualtiere, Middle Third, Upper Third, Glancherry, Decies without Drum, Decies within Drum, Coshmore and Coshbride, Waterford City, with its liberties, constitutes a distinct county in itself : it is divided into seventy-four parishes ; the surface is rough, rocky, and mountainous ; its soil varies accordingly, passing through all the gradations from rich loam to moory and mossy peat. The vallies are fertile and luxurious. Waterford City^ — Distant seventy-four miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is situated on the south side of the river Suir. It is an episcopal see, and is governed by a mayor, sheriffs, and recorder. Its lately erected Cathedral adorned with an elegant steeple, is a chaste model of modern architecture ; the episcopal palace is also a fine structure, built of hewn-stone, and doubit IroiJtcHl. The other public edifices are constructed in a ^iplendid stile of elegance, and essentially contribute to or- nament the city. There are three parochial churches, besides ttie cathedral, four Roman Catholic Chapels, and other diflt- ■L FOR IRELAND. 207 mit "places of divine worship for various other sects ; its white glass and other manufactories, are in a flourisliing condition ; its exports of beef, butter, hides, tallow, pork, corn, are very Considerable, to which an extensive inland navigation by means of the rivers Suir, Nore and Barrow, materially contributes, as also to make a brisk demand for foreign commodities in the several rich towns and flourishing counties through which these rivers flow. This city employs about seventy vessels in the Newfoundland trade, whence they sail to the West Indies and return richly freighted with the luxurious productions of these tropical climates. The number of large hogs weekly slaughtered during the season, exceeds 3,000 on an average. The quanty of butter annually exported from this port exceeds 80,000 casks : these two articles alone, form a tolerable specimen of the other branches of export commodi- ties shipped from this city. Its numerous charitable institu- tions are well conducted and liberally supported. The private dwellings lately erected, are built in a corresponding stile with the other modern improvements, rapidly increasing : many of its streets were originally very narrow, an inconvenience which can only be gradually remedied. Here are a fine court- house, exchange, custom-house, goal, tholsel, theatre, coffee-house, barracks, and assembly rooms. Here the county assizes are held, and the county members elected. It returns one member to the United Parliament. The harbour is deep and spacious : its entrance is effectually protected by Duncan non Fort; packet boats are established between this port and Milford -haven, for the convenient intercourse of the south of Ireland with great Britain. The quay, about half a mile long, is considered the most beautiful in Europe, where the largest vessels may conveniently load and unload, and at a small tiistance continue constantly afloat. A fine wooden bridge has been erected here to facilitate an uninterrupted communication with the counties of Wexford and Kilkenny. This City gives the title of Earl to the family of Talbot, also of Viscount to the family of Lumley, and oi Marquis to the Earl of Tyrone. Waterford was originally built in 879, but was totally destroyed in 981 : it was considerably enlarged by Strongbow in 1171 ; and Henry the Seventh granted very extensive liberties to the citizens for their attachment to his person, against the pretensions of Perkin Warbeck. Richard the Second landed, and was crowned here in 1399. In 1690, James the Second embarked here for France, after his defeat at the battle of the Boyne. It was twice visited by King William the Third, who confirmed 208 KEW traveller's GUIDE all its privdeges. Several towers and castles have been for*^ merly erected here, one of which, named Reginald's tower, still remains, supposed to have been built by the son of Ivorus the Danish King. Strongbow converted it into a prison for refractory Irish and Danish chieftains. In 1663, it was made a military store repository. The present barracks are erected on the scite of an ancient square fort, encompassed with a moat. The cathedral dedicated to the blessed Trinity, was originally founded by the Danes or Ostmen, of which Malchus was consecnitcd the first bishop. Cromwell, in the splendid and irresistible career of his military atchievements, besieged and sub(kied this city, although fortified and walled in the strongest manner that the then imperfect knowledge of fortification deemed requisite for security and protection: its monastic in- stitutions previous to the Reformation, were the Priory of St. Catherines, founded by the Ostmen, for Augustinian Canons of the congregation of St. Victor. In 1111^ this city was destroyed by fire. Edward Poer, the last prior, at its sup- })ression, was siezed of the impropriate tithes of Baluaclogh, and two parts of the tithes of Balleigarry, in Tanniswood, in the County of Tipperary, which now constitute a considerable portion of the estate possessed by the Digby family. Queen Elizabeth granted this priory, with various portions of its extensive possessions, to Elizabeth Butler, Alias Sherlock* The priory of St. John the Evangelist, was founded by John Earl of Morton, in the suburbs of the city, in 1185, for monks of the order of St. Benedict, Peter De Fonte was a muni- ficent benefactor to this house. In 1315, King Edward the Second granted a charter to this priory, which, with sun- dry possessions thereto pertaining, was at its suppression, granted to William Wyse and his heirs male, at the annual rent of a Knight's fee upon application of the citizens to King Henry the Third. — In 1226, he granted his royal appro- bation, that a waste piece of ground, late the sclte of an an- cient tower, should be selected for the erection of the monastery of St. Saviour. This monastery called the Black Friars, constitutes the present Court House. King Henry the Eighth granted this friary, with all its extensive possessions, to James White in caplte for ever, at the ,annual rent of four shillings, Irish currency. I'ranciscan friary destined for conventual Fran- ciscans, was founded by Loid Hugh Purcel. In 1240, Henry the Third, and afterwards Edward the First, gi\anted some inconsiderable aids to the s:upport of this abbey; the steeple is sliii entire: at the supprcspion of this :^l>bey, Henry the g09 Eiglitb, divided its possessions hoiw^Qn Patrick WaUh and JOavid BailifFe, Parishes in iJie Liberties of Waierford. Killoteran^ Waterford, Kilbarry. A ro^d issuing on the left from Waterford, runs along tjje t^ouih bank of the river Suir, to Passage : about a mile from Waterford, a cross road sweeps off to the right. Pm-ishes in the Barovy of Gualtiere. Corbally, Crook, Faithleag, Kilcarragh, Kilcop, Kilsaintlaurence, Moneminter, Ballinaklll, Ballygunner, Killea, Kilmacleague^ KilmacomT), Rathmoylanc Passage^— Is situated six miles to the east of Waterford, ancl lies at the foot of a steep hill, on the summit of which, a church is erected. In the roads 500 vessels may ride in safety : the piers arc constructed on the scite of an old block house, foi- merly mounted with many guns, and placed under the command of the governor of Duncannon Fort, which is situated at about a league's dist4ance on the Wexford side of the harbour* In 1649, Cromwell sent a small detachment to reduce the place, w^hich service, after a feeble resistance, was effectually accom- plished. In 1663, the the Duke of Orniond was appointed governor of the fort and town of Passage for life; the pro- jection of the hill intercepts the sun's rays from the towa for a considerable portion of the day, particularly in winter. Parishes in the Barons/ of Middle Third. Drumcannon, Islandakean, JCilbride, Kilronan, Lisnakill, Kilmeadone, Reisk, Donkitl, Newcastle. Waterford Tramore G -SOt 210 KEW TRAVELtEn*S GUIDE On the road leading from Waterford to Tramore, on this side of the third mile-stone, is situated the well planted de- mesne of Ballinamoan : at the fourth mile-stone, stands Drum- cannon church, on the left. Tramore^ — Distant eighty miles and a half from Dublin Castle, and six from Waterford, is a very neat regular, well built village, situated on a broad, open, and dangerous bay, in St. George's Channel, often fatally mistaken for Waterford harbour in tempestuous and hazy weather, to the utter destruc- tion of both vessel and mariners. This delightful village is considered the best bathing place on the eastern coast in the south of Ireland, and is much frequented in the summer season. Here a handsome market house is erected for the accomoda- tion, and a neat assembly room, for the amusement of its nume- rous fashionable visitors. There is also a billiard table where the gentleman may lounge in rainy weather. From Tramore a road sweeps off on the right, running along the coast to Dun- garvan, on which road many fishing villages, and hamlets are situated, but no place, or town of consequence sufficiently re- markable to attract the traveller's notice. On the road leading from waterford to Dungarvan, at the third mile-stone, are situated Killottery church and charter school on the right. At the fourth mile-stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right runs to Carrick, and the other on the left, to Dnngarvan ; here also is situated the beautiful seat of Mount Congreve, commanding an extensive prospect over the river, majestically flowing underneath, and covered with numerous craft, passing between Waterford, Carrick and Clonmel. On this side of the eighth mile-stone, are the ruins of Newcastle Church, situated on the left ; at the tenth mile-stone, stands ^^ewtown Inn ; here are the ruins of an old church situated on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Upper TJiird. Clonegan, Disert, Kilmoleran, Fenoagh, Guilcagh, Mothel, Ballylameen, Kilbarrymeadon, Rathcormuck, Kilmacthomn^^-^TihtQnt eighty- three miles and three fourths from Dublin Castle, and eleven miles and three fourths from Waterford city, is a pleasant village, agreeably situated on the liver Maghan. Here is a small barrack, fitted up for the rOR IRELAND* 5J1 accommodation of twenty soldiers ; here also stood a find castle elected by the family of Power. In 164S, Sir Charles Vavasor reduced this castle with many others situated in the eastern districts of the county. The road from Carrick unites on the right; a road issuing on the left, leads to Bonmahon; at the sixteenth mile^stone, the r6ad crosses the river Tay : here the ruins of Fox's Castle lie on the left : at the seventeenth mile- stone, are the ruins of Ballycheroge Castle situated on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Beciez mthout Brum, Kilfush, Kilgobenet, Seskennan, AfFane, Kilmolash, Stradbally, Clonea, Kilrossanty, Whitechurcb, Colligan, Modeligo, Villicrstown. Dungarvan, Ringonagb, Fews, Rossmere, At the twentieth mile-stone, a road branches off on the left leading to Abbeyside: here the road from Tramore unites; on this side of th« twenty-third mile-stone, the road crosses the Colligan river, where the road issuing from Dungarvan unites on the left. Dungarvan^ — Distant one-hundred miles from Dublin Castle, and twenty-one from Waterford City, is a large populous well built town, very conveniently situated on the southern side of a bay of the same name : it is deemed the largest fishing town in Ireland. Here is a barrack for two companies of foot^: vast quantities of potatoes are shipped from this tov/n for the Dublin Market, and likewise birch-brooms, jocosely stiled car- goes of fruit and timber : it has a good m^irket and session house. The barrack is situated on the scite of an old castle, erected by King John, which was afterwards seized and repaired by the Desmond family. This castle v/as vested in the crown, by act of parliament, passed in the reign of King Henry the Eighth. This town was incorporated about the year 1463; its privileges were renewed and its charter confirmed by James the First, for the loyalty, attachment, and fidelity, manifested by the in- Inibitants during the rebellion fomented in the reign of Queen Elizabeth ; it is governed by a sovereign, recorder, and twelve brethren, annually elected : the admiralty of the harbour was 212 Ntv/ thAveller's guide vested in the Sovereign, with a similar jurisdiction as the mayor of Bristol enjoyed. This charter was renewed in^ 1659, by Richard Gromwell, during the short period of hh protector- slvip. In 1689, James the Second, after his abdication, renewed the charter, and extended th^ former privileges, but this royal favour proved an useless boon to the citizens, as its validity would not be admitted by King William the Third. The several ruins still existing^ evince that splendid monastic institutions were founded here. In the seventh century an abbey of re- gular canons w%is founded by St. Garbhan, a disciple of St. Firbar, of which edifice no vestige now remains. Thomas, Lord OflPaly, who was justiciary of Ireland, in 1295, founded an Augustinian friary, for Eremites ; this institution was richly endowed by the family of Magrath. Queen Elizabeth granted a lease of this friary, with its sundry possessions, to Roger Dal- ton, for a trifling annital rent: it was situated on the other side of the water, opposite the town ; the remaining fragments prove it to have been a neat light Gothic structure; the steeple above sixty feet high, is supported by a curious vault ; its cells occupied a very considerable space. Near the altar, on the north side of the church, is situated the tomb of Donald Magrathj tv^ho was interred here in the year 1400; here an hospital for lepers was erected and endowed, under the invocation of St. Bridgid ; it returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. This town is much frequented in the summer and bathing season by fashionable visitors. On the road passing from Dungarvan to Yaughal, at the first mile-tone, a road sweeping olF on the fight, leads to Cappoquin ; on this side of the fifth mile-stone is situated V/hite Church on the left, and a cross road runs to the right. About a mile from this church, there is a stupenduous cavetn, called the Pigeon Hole, to which there is an easy de- scent by a narrow declivity of about fifty feet, opening into a large cave, above one hundred and fifty feet long, from ^vhich a small chamber diverges near the etstrance ; through this chamht'r a subterraneoits river flows in a natural aqueduct, ex- cavated in a solid rock ; this river sinks under ground at Balli- nacourty, and passing through this cave, emerges again at; Knockane, about a mile from the place wlierc it first disappeared; Various chambers radiate from the principal cave, on the right and left, the entrances to which chambers arc very intricate, but the fantastical crystalizations they exhibit, amply repay the d'fli- cultics encountered by prying curiosity to explore raturc's mng^ nificcfit opt?tatiot]3i in her thost hidden rece?;f!s. 213 (Miles ) Waterford • . . . _ 74| Kilmactbomas . , . Ill 86i Dungarvan .... 9| 95^ Parishes in Decies 'within Drum-. Aglish, Ardmore, Ballymacart, Clashmore, Kinsalebeg, Lisgennaii. At the sixth mile-stotie from Dungarvan, a cross road ruK5^ right and left: the direct road runs along a chain of mountains situated on the left, to Dromana, the splendid residence of the Earl of Grandison, whence the road inclining to the left, leads to the ferry, communicating with Youghal. A little beyond the third mile-stone, on the road leading from Dungarvan to Cappoquin, the road from Clonmell unites on the right; a little beyond the fourth mile-stone, are situated the ruins of Capuck Castle, to the left; at the fifth mile-stone, the road crosses the Finisk river ; at the sixth mile-stone, the road fromi Clonmell unites on the right, and a road issues on the left, lead- ing to Youghal. At the eighth mile-stone, a road from Clonmel unites on the right, and a cross road runs on the left, leading to Aglish village, distant one hundred and one miles from Dublin Castle, where there exist the remains of an ancient square en- closure, consisting of a high wall having towers at each angle : on the south side there is a gate -way protected by a portcullis; loop holes have been fixed along the walls, over which tho battlements seem to have been erected ; the towers are the only parts of the fortification that appear to have been roofed ; this fortress most probably was erected previous to the invention of gunpowder, and before the discovery of fire arms. Tra- dition imputes its construction to King John, to secure a communication between the counties of Cork and Waterford, . Within a mile of this village are the venerable ruins of a fine ancient abbey. Clashmore^ — Is an inconsideraale village, distant one hundred and four miles from Dublin Castle; here an abbey for canons regular was founded in the seventh century: by St. Cronan Mechua. The lands of which at its suppression were granted in fee farm to Sir Walter Raleigh. At the one hundred and fifth mile-stone, are the ruins of an old castle, situated between the road and tfie Black Water; at the ^pe hundred and eighth mile NEW traveller's guide stone, the mountain road from Dungarvan, already noticed,, unites on the left at Kingsalebeg Church ; whence the ferry across the Black Water conveys to Youghal ; a cross road on the left, winds along the sea coast to Ardmore Head, situated four miles to the east of Youghal. Ardmore, although now a poor hamlet, was anciently an episcopal see, where the frag- ments of two ancient churches still exist, one of which situated on a cliff near the sea, appears to have been the first erected, the other, situated about a mile north-west of the former, seems to be very ancient; the pillars supporting an handsome Gothic arch, which separates the chancel from the body of the church, appear more massy than those of the Tuscan order, a very presumptive testimony of its antiquity ; the chancel is roofed and is used for diviiie worship : on the west of the church, Adam and Eve, the tree and the serpent, and the judgment of Solomon are delineated, in alto relievo, on free-stone. These efforts of art, however rude, are venerable for their antiquity, and prove that sculpture was known in Ireland in the fifth century, previous to which period, this church was erected, as appears from irre- fragible records. Near this church stands a fine round tower, up- wards of one hundred feet high, and forty-five feet in circimife- rence. In the church-yard, there is a small low building, called the Dormitory of St. Declan. On the road leading from Water- ford to Carrick, a little beyond the fourth mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle, situated between the road and the river Suir ; at the fifth mile stone stands Kilmaiden Church, on the right, and an intended line of a new road, leading to Clonmel, is marked on the left; at the ninth mile stone, a little beyond the pleasant rivulet of Portlaw, the l oad forks into two branches, that on the left running through the extensive demesne of Cur- raghmore, the residence of the Marquiss of Waterford, which, for beauty and variety of i ural scenery cannot be surpassed in any part of the united kingdom ; in embellishing its natural ad- vantages, all the efforts of art, united with taste, have been liberally exerted by the munificence of the noble proprietors, Curaghmore House stands on the scite of an old castle, origi- nally erected by the family, part of which still remains ; the present mansion was built in 1700; Sir Richard Le Poor was created Baron Le Peer and Curraghmore in 1535, whose descendant Richard, Le Poer, was created Viscount Decies^ and Earl of Tyrone in 1673 ; he was succeeded by his son John, who dying without issue in 1693, the title and honours of the fatnily devolved on his brother James, by whose death in 1704, without ma!e issue, the title became extinct: his only daugh- ion IRELANi^ 2J5 ter. Lady Catherine, having married Sir Marcus Bercsford, Baronet, he was created Viscount Tyrone, by King George the First, and thus the ancient family distinctions were revived in the female branch. From such an ancient stock of nob!e ancestry, the present Marquis of Waterford is descended. The right hand branch of the road, passing along the brow of a lofty mountain, commands an enchanting and extensive pros- pect of the river Suir, majestically rolling underneath, and of the thickly inhabited, highly cultivated, and well wooded county of Kilkenny, extending its verdant meads in rich profusion iii all directions, as far as the eye can reach ; the sides of the mountains, through which this romantic road passes, are de- lightfully fringed with copses of oak, gradually creeping towards their sterile and dusky summits : at the twelfth mile stone are the ruins of Tybroghery Castle, situated on the Kilkenny side of the river Suir, and a little farther on, the Curroghmore road unites on the left. No portion of this Island can exhibit a more picturesque and delightful journey than the distance in- tervening between Waterford and Carrick, either by the main road, or the more circuitous sweeping road, running through Curraghmore demesne, where the difFei*ence of the distance is more than compensated by the exquisite gratification derived from contemplating the diversified beauties with which this enchanting spot abounds. Carrick is distant fourteen miles and a half from Waterford, on the road passing from Carrick to Kilmacthomas. At the first mile stone, a rqad branches off on the right, running through the mountains to Cappoquin. At the third mile stone, lie the ruins of Muthel Church, on the left ; at the fourth mile stone, the road crosses the Clodogh river, where the ruins of Clone Castle are situated on the right; at the fifth mile stone, the road from Portlaw unites on the left; at the sixth mile stone, a road running tow^ards Nev/town, branches off to the left. Kilmacthomas, already notice<:l, is dis- tant eight miles and a half from Carrick on Suir, whence die road continues to Dungarvan, as already described. Parishes in ihe Barony of Glanehcrri/. Kilronan. On the road passing betwteen Clonmel and Cappoquin st the eighty-seven mile stone, a road running towards New-Castle, branches off on the right; on this side ol the eighty eiglit mile- 216 liEVr TRAVELLERS GUIDE stone, are the ruins of an old castle, situated on the left; at the eighty eight mile stone, the road crosses the Four^milc Water rivei', where there is a small village of the same name. On this side of the ninety mile stone, lie the ruins of an old castle, situated on the right; at the ninety-one mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the left leads to Dungaman, the other on the right, stretches towards Cappo- quin. At the ninety four mile stone on the left hand Section, leading to Dungarvan, lies the ruins of an old castle situat- ed on the right ; at the ninety six mile stone are situated the CoUigan mountains both right and left ; on this side of the ninety-nine mile stone the road from Tramore, already described, unites on the left ; at the hundred milestone, by the Clonmel road, stands Dungarvan already described, on the right hand branch of the road passing from Clomiiel to the towns of Dungarvan and Cappoquin ; at the ninety four mile stone, a road branches oifF on the left, leading to Youghal ; on this side of the ninety-five mile stone a cross road runs right and left; at the ninety seven mile stone a road branches oft' on the left, leading towards Youghal, by Aglisli, already described, as situated on the Dungarvan road. Parishes m the Barony of Cashnore and Coshbrzde Macollop, Kilcroghan, Rincrev/, Lismore, Kilwaltermoj?^, Tallow. Cappoquin^ — Distant ninety seven miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, and sixteen miles from Clonmel, is pleasantl}'^ situated on the Black Water river, over which a wooden brid^-e is erected ; here are the ruins of an old castle, most advantageous]}^ situated ; and eommanding a most exten- sive prospect over the adjacent countiy. The date of its eree- tion is not ascertained, but its construction is traditionally ascribed to the Fitzgerald family, proverbially turbulent intri- guing, ambitious and disaffected ; in the fanatic rebellion of the year 1641, it was provisionally defended by an English garrison, commanded by captain Hugh Croker, acting under the authority of the Earl of Cork. In the year 1642, Lord Broughill, after having relieved Knockmore, defeated a formi- dable column of rebels, strongly posted in its vicinity. In the year 1645 Lord Castlehaven subdued it, after an obstinate resistance. There is a cavalry barrack here. The road from Diin£rurvan unites on the leit : a cross road issues on the left, FOR IRELANP. 217 leading along the northern bank of the Black Water to Yough- al Ferry : the direct road leads to Lismore, along the soutl^ bank of the Black Water. To Tallagh hy Cappoquiii, (Miles.) Cappoquin, . , . . . Lismore, 2| Tallagh, , , , • . 4 97 103| Lismore^^Xihimt one hundred miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is agreeably situated on the southern bank of the Black Water, over which a solid stone bridge was erect- ed at the private expense of his grace the Duke of Devonshire. The Castle, supposed to have been erected by King John in the year 1185, is boldly situated on the verge of a rock, rising perpendicularly from the Black Water ; over the gate ^re affixed the arms of the first Earl of Cork ; opposite the entrance is constructed a modern portico of Bath-stone in the Doric order; the several offices, which compose the two sides of the square, are still kept in repair ; the principal edifices have been suffered to remain in a ruinous condition since the rebellion of the year 1641 : at each angle of the square, a tower was erected, which angular bulwarks constitute irrefragible proof of its ancient magnificence. In the year 1139, this Castle was demolished by the Irish, who took it by surprize, but it was expeditiously recovered. The manor of Lismore Castle was granted by Miler Magrath Arch-bishop of Cashel and Bishop of Lismore, to Sir Walter Raleighj^ whose title de- volved by purchase on Sir Richard Boyle, who highly em-r bellished the original edifice by many considerable additions and improvements, all of which were demolished in the exter- minating fury of the rebellion of the year 1641 ; at the ex- plosion of which insurrection, this Castle was closely besieged by five thousand Irish forces commanded by Sir Richard Beling, and as bravely defended by the young Lord Broughil, third son of the Earl of Cork, who obliged them to raise the siege. In 1785, the Duke of Rutland, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in the course of a tour through Munster, held a coun- cil in, and issued proclamations from this Castle. This magnifi - cent pile, so long neglected, is now repairing, and will soon re- sume theprestine splendor of its ancient gloomy grandeur,'through ^|ie munificent liberalitj^ of its present noble prourietor. the Duke 2 £• 218 KEW traveller's GUIDE of Devonshire, It was an episcopal residence for a considerable period. Although Lismore is now in a ruinous condition, Cam- brensis asserts that it was anciently a very rich city, and held out a considerable time against the English, who after a long and close siege, took it by storm, and procured as much rich plunder as fi'eighted sixteen vessels. Its monastic institution previous to the Reformation, was an abbey of regular canons founded at a very early period, in which a school was established by St. Mochuda, so celel3rated in the beginning of the seventh centu- ry, that not only the natives, but Saxons and Britons resorted hither for instruction. Lismore was plundered by the Danes in the year 831 and in 833. In the year 913, the Danes plundered the abbey. In the year 915, the Danes renewed their depradations. In the year 978, the town and abbey were plundered and burnt by the Ossorians. In the year 1116, the town and abbey were consumed in a general con-^ fiagration. In the year 1127, Cormac McCarthy, having been deposed from the sovereignty of Munster, was com- pelled to make a pilgrimage to L^ismore and there to receive the crosier, where it is supposed he erected two Churches. In the year 114 7, the son of Earl Strongbow plundered it. In the year 1207, an accidental fire wholly consumed Lismore, together with all its Churches. Here an hospital for lepers was founded under the invocation of St, Bridgid ; an an- chorite cell was attached to the Church of Lismore, to which considerable possessions were annexed. In the year 1363, the bishoprick of Lismore was united to the see of Waterford, seven hundred and thirty years after its foundation. Below the town there is a fine salmon fishery, the only branch of trade carried on in this deserted and forlorn quarter. Previous to the Union it was a borough, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. From Lismore a road issues on the right, running along the southern bank of the Black Water, to Fermoy, and another branches off on the left, leading to Tallagh, To Diingarven by ClonmeL (Miles.) Clonmel, « - ^ - — ( 8H Dungarven, - - - - 18| | 100 TgfUagh^ — Distant or^e hundred and four iniles and a half roR IRELAND. 219 from tlie Castle of Dublin, is an inconsiderable decayed village, situated on the river Bride : it was erected into a borough by James the First, at the solicitation of the Earl of Cork. Its liber- ties extended one mile in all directions from the church, con- sidered as the centre : it was never a walled town, nor considered a place affording any strong natural defence ; however, in the rebellion of the year 164^1, an entrenchment was cast round it by the EsCrl of Cork for the protection of the inhabitants against the sudden inroads of the rebels. This entrenchment had four entrances carefully guarded by one hundred soldiers, supplied and maintained at the EarFs private expence. By such liberality and judicious precaution, he preserved this town from sharing in those horrible cruelties so barbarously inflicted on many others, at this gloomy period of fanatic discord. This town returned two members to the Irish Parliament previous to the Unio^ : its electors were of that description denominated Pot^Wolopers^ a term well understood in Ireland, although it may shed no additional lustre on the elective franchise in these places formerly gifted with so precious a privilege, of which crafty candidates frequently availed themselves, by introduc- ing interlopers, to the mortification and annoyance of the resi- dent electors. There is a Barrack in this town; at the west of TaQagh Bridge lie the ruins of Lessfinny Castle ; formerly the property of Earl Desmond, whose castles in this county were very numerous, and a confidence in whose strength engendered that turbulence of ungovernable spirit, which ultimately proved his destruction, and utterly exinguished that noble, ancient and unfortunate house. The road from Youghal unites on ths left ; a road branches off on the right ; the centre road runs to the village of Curryglass, situated in the county of Cork, on the verge of this county. At the hundred and six mile-stone Water- ford County terminates in this direction. Its soil assimilates to that of the contiguous counties of Wexford and Cork, as near- ly as its surface resembles their inequalities, so that a part cu-- lar detail describing the physical qualities of either county, may be generally applied to the relative fertility of Water:< rd County, with a very few particular exceptions not assential to be delineated in a general description. Granite is the prevailing stone generally found in its mountains ; a moory or a red sandy soil composes the surftice of the high elevated grounds, and a deep loan, light mold, or a sandy soil, constitutes the essen- iial difference of the valleys. 220 NEW traveller's guidje: A Table of Fairs held in evert/ inonth of the year. f laces where held. Time. Places where held* 'TiiYie. Jan. Mountain-castle . , 24 Feb. July. uungHrvdii • • • 7 i^appoquin . 5 90 Newtown . , • . 10 Two-mile Bridge • 25 Tallao-li . . . f 1 i . • • Mar. 1 1 7 Tramore . . • . 25 Aiicr VV nitecnurcii • • 5 Apr. Allan e 12 l^'il lino m It 1 ♦•i v» o 20 Kilmacthomas • . 12 nil f n \f^r\ rp O VV iiiujgap • • • • 14 jyiay 21 btradbaily . . . • 1 Kit St. Laurence • Newtown at 7 1 Clonagan • • « • 26 Silverniincs j IVl Cif\ 1 1 1 rrr\ Itx villi i^U • • • • o 26 jVIouiitain castle • • 1 lyUllgclIYaii • • • 27 Kilgobenet . . • * 6 Xramore • • • • o 'x xJl uiiiaxici • • • Passage • * • . Ferrypoint • . . /J O Ballmamultina • Q o o O Passage . . . . Kilmacthomas • . 12 Stradbally . . , 14 Affane 14 Bdlligunner . . . 19 Conna « • • • • i. T 1 ITII m QUO J. C7 taithleag . • • . on Cappoquin • • • T 1 cm nvf^ .xuloIil\^l c • • • • X^l Lllllv^cl>llxlv/ll • • 25 iVJllcXiJ ctn • • • • ctiyiJUU UHl • • • 2S X^ldllllyl c • • • • 25 iyjLULlllLcHll~i^tl©LlC • • AC/ June UCu Jjrunnana • . . * 5 Tramore . . • • I rv I Irrrtnpnpt 11 Ballykeroque . . 9 Passage . . . . 12 Ferrypoint . . . 3 Tallagh . . . . 14 Tallagh . . . . 10 Faithlcag . . . . 20 Faithleag . • . . Cappoquin . . . 10 Windigap . . . 21 14 Dungarvan . . , 22 Two-mile Bridge 18 "^•Vaterford . . . 24 j Water ford . . . . 25 i?OR IRELAND. 2:21 JPIqccs uoharc Jit Id* ' Time* Nov. Kilgobenet . • • . 1 Tramore .... 1 1 Durigarvan . . . Q o ]N^cwtovvn at ^ Silvermines ^ • • • 11 Lismore .... 12 Passage .... Ballinamultina * . 12 13 Places luhera held, AfFane . . . Newtown . • Mountain-castle Kilmacthomas Tallagh . . Kilgobenet . . Mountain-castle 2'ime. 22 22 30 Dec. G 8 27 SO IsEW TRAVELLEli's GUIDE COUNTY OF CORK, The County of Cork, the largest in Ireland, extends about 85 Irish miles from east to west; its greatest breadth is about, 44 Irish miles. Before the arrival of Strongbow, it constituted a kingdom, of which the M ' Carthys were sovereigns. In the year 1210 it was converted into a shire by King John, who ap- pointed sheriffs and other officers. It is bounded on the north- east by Waterford ; on the north by Tipperary and Limerick ; on the north-^vest by Kerry; the sea environs the remaining portion on the east and south-west. It is divided into seventeen baronies, which comprise 1S7 parishes; its surface comprises 1,048,799 acres Irish plantation measure, of which 23 1 , 959 acres are bogs, mountain, and waste. It abounds with excellent har- bours, rivers, and a superabundance of springs, and rivulets. Its most considerable river is tlie Black-water, issuing from mountains situated on the confines of Kerry; the river Lee, next in magnitude, also issues from Lough Lua, situated at the foot of these mountains, which separate the counties of Cork and Kerry : the river Bandon derives its source from the mountains bordering on Dunmanway ; the Flen rises in the mountains above Drimoleague; the river Aubeg is consecrated to immortality in the pastoral lays of Spencer, by the poetical appellation of Mulda, on whose banks, it is supposed, he com-^ posed the principal part of his Fairy Queen. There are many small lakes in this county, particularly in the rough and moun- tainous districts. Its soil is calcareous in the lime-stone tracts, a deep loamy soil generally occurs in the less elevated parts of the grey and red stone districts ; the light and shallow soil com- von IRELAND. 223 inonly rests on an absorbent bottom, such as gravel, and rubble stone; the moorland or peat soil rests on a substratum of hard rock, or strong retentive clay, the surface presents a great va- riety, which if adorned with timber, would be extremely beauti- ful; the westren part of this county is wild, mountainous, bold and rocky ; the north and eastern portions are distinguished for their richness and fertility ; the range of high grounds runs from east to west ; thus, in travelling from north to south, the roads are perpetually crossing hills, but in ^oing from west to east, there is no such interruption from similar obstructions. There are several chalybeate springs, but no waters of medici- nal celebrity but those of Mallow. Iron and lead ores have been discovered in many places ; copper has been, as yet, very par- tially and inaccurately traced, though from some external in- dications, it is supposed to be in the mountains. Coal is the only fossil whose absence is to be regretted, as the only barony where it abounds, from local circumstances, renders such a treasure so situated, an unprofitable acquisition. Table of Baronies in this County. Kinaltalloon, Imokilly, Condons and Clangibbon, Barrymore, Fermoy, Orrery and, Kilmore, Two Barrets, Duhallow, Muskerry, Kerry and 1 Currihy, 5 Kinalea. Kilnameaky, Courcies, Ibawnie and 7 Barryroe, 3 East Carberry, West Carberiy, Parishes in the Barony of Kilnatalloon, Ballinoe, Agherns, MogealJy, Knockmourne, BOADS. Youghalj — By the Ferry road, is distant 108 miles from Dub- lin Castle; and is commodiously situated at the base of a lofty hill near the mouth of the Pay, on the south side of the Black- w ater river ; it is governed by a mayor and other municipal officers ; and returns one member to the Imperial Parliament ; here is a thriving manufacture of earthen-ware. A bar at the KKW traveller's GUIDE entrance of the port renders navigation troublesome and some-^ times dangerous ; this obstacle being surmounted, it is safe, spa- cious and convenient. The town consists of a very large street and suburbs ; its custom-liouse is large and convenient. It was beseiged in the year 1579 by the Earl of Desmond in his re- bellion, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth ; after the garrison had surrendered for want of timely relief, this haughty chief hanged the mayor as a punishment of his allegiance to his legitimate so- vereign. In the civil wars it yielded to Cromwell's usurpation, who embarked here for England after his ynparalleled successes in Ireland, although in the year IG^S, the corporation pro- claimed Charles the second King of England, &c. In the year 1221^ a monastery tor Franciscans was founded here by Maurice Fitzgerald, Lord Jujstice of Ireland. In the year 1268 a friary for Dominicans was founded on the north side of the town, of uhich structures few fragments now remain. Here the first potatoe is supposed to have been planted in Ireland. The colle^ giate church is a very ancient Gothic structure ; its nave is 132 feet long and 66 broad ; it has a square tower on the north side 32 feet high ; there are two ruined chapels on each side of the chancel, containing very ancient tombs and monuments. Two roads issue from this town, one leading to Castlemartyr and an other to Middletown. This small barony exhibits no parti-? cular feature of peculiar excellence ; a great portion of it is coarse high moorland. Parishes in the Barony of Imolcilly^ Aghada Ardagh Ballygourney Bohillane Cahirultan Castlemartyr Castracore Clonpriest. Corkbeg Dingandonevan , Gerranekinniff Inch, Itermurrough Killeagh Killmahon, Cloyne hy KiUaglu Rostellan Teteskin Cloyne Garrivoe Kilcredane Kilmacdonougl: Trabolgan Killagh . . . , , Castlemartyr 6\ Cloyne 7 N. B. Castlemartyr by the Fermoy road is 123i miles distant from Dublin* (Mil«s.) 112 118| 125i Foil IRELAND. 225 On the road leading from Templemichel, Cork county com- mences at the hundred and six mile-stone ; at the hundred and eight mile-stone are the ruins of an old castle to the right ; a little beyond the hundred and ten mile-stone lie the ruins of an old castle to the right ; at the hundred and twelve mile-stone stands the village of Killeagh ; here the Youghal road unites : two roads issue from this village, that to the right leading to Middleton, and that to the left passing to Castlemartyr. Castleraartyr^ — Is distant a hundred and eighteen miles and a half from Dublin Castle; it was a borough previous to the Union. It gives the title of Baron to a branch of the noble family of Boyle : here is a charter school, liberally endowed by the Right Hon. Henry Earl of Shannon ; there is also a handsome church and an alms house ; a spinning school has been established for the encouragement of the linen manufacture. This place was for- merly the residence of a branch of the Fitzgeralds ; it w as incor- porated in the year 1663 through the influence of the first Earl of Orrery; here is the magnificent mansion of the Earl of Shan- non ; from this town two roads issue, that to the right leads to Middleton, and that to the left runs to Cloyne. CloT^ne^ — Is a neat small town distant a hundred and twenty-five miles and a half from Dublin Castle, and about twelve miles east of Cork. A church was erected here previous to the year 604. In the year 707 an abbey was founded here : the author of the Monasticon does not mention in what year it Avas erected into an episcopal see. In the year 1430 it was united to Cork, but since the year 1638, it is governed by its own bishop, and constitutes a distinct independent see. The cathe- dral is a venerable Gothic structue, whose nave is 120 feet long having lateral ailes, besides cross ailes divided by Gothic arches; near the cathedral is a Danish rath, and a round tower 90 feet high and 15 feet in diameter; the bishop's palace is large and commodious; about a mile w^st of Cloyne is Castle Mary, the seat of Lord Longueville. To Middleton hy Killeagh. (Miifis,) Killeagh as before - - - I 112 Middleton 10 j 122 Middleton^ — Distant an hundred and twenty-two miles from Dublin Castle, is pleasantly situated on the north-west angle of I Cork Harbour ; it was a borough previous to the Union ; it give^ , 2g KEW traveller's GUIDE tlie title of Viscount to the family of Broderick. It is governed by a sovereign, two bailiffs and twelve burgesses. Here is a good market-house, and a town-house, ornamented with a clock and cupola, the gift of Lord Middleton. The public free school is a fine edifice ; the church is a neat structure adorned with a lofty spire and steeple ; here is a most extensive manufactory for fine and superfine cloths, which employs numerous individuals of all descriptions. An abbey was founded here by the Fitzgeralds in the year 1 J 80 for monks of the Cistertian order. Near the town is a subterraneous river and a large romantic cave. Two roads issue from this town, that to the left leads to Cloyne, and that on the right to Cork. About a mile from the town is Ros- tillion, the noble seat of the Earl of Inchiquin : the tide gently flow^s to the garden walls : a castle was erected here by the Fitz- geralds in the year 1645, on whose scite the present mansion stands. This barony, which, for the most part, is extremely fertile, consists of two lime-stone vales separated by a range of brown stone hills : it is thickly inhabited, but fuel is scarce, where coal cannot be supplied without an expensive land car- riage. On the road passing between Tallow and Cork, at the hundred and twelve mile-stone, stands Castle Lyons a little to the right ; a cross road runs to the left ; this road unites with the Rathcormick road at Water-grass-hill turnpike. Parishes in the Barony of Condons and Clangihhon. Aghacros?, Ardskeagh, llilgown, Kllgullane, Kilphelan, Netlash, Nonane, Beeltagh, Clondullane, Kilcrumper, Kildorery, Kilworth, Leitrim, Macrony, Marshalstown. On the mail cotich road passing through Fermoy, Cork coun- ty commences at the ninety-nine mile-stone, Kil'ucorlh^ — Distant a hundred and four miles and three quar- ters from Dublin Castle, is a thriving town situated at the foot of a large ridge of mountains of the same name. The river Fun- cheon, well stored w ith trout and salmon, runs near the town. In this vicinaf^e is situated Moorfield, the superb residence of Lord Mount-Cashc], adjoining whose improvements stands the eastle of Cloughleagh, boldly situated on the banks of the Fun- ^ iieon ; this castle withstood many sieges. A cross road leads to the left and another to the right. FOR IRELAND, 2^7 Fennoy^ — Distant a hundred and seven miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is situated on the banks of the Black-water, over which a bridge consisting of 13 arches is erected ; it is a re- gular neat well built town; the principal street runs parallel to the river ; it is intersected at right angles by cross streets. The artillery barrack is a large quadrangle, one side of which forms a part of the street ; the permanent barrack is situated on the north side of the river, on the east side of the Dublin road ; it forms three sides of a right angle 800 feet by 700, and with all the necessary appurtenances, covers nearly thirteen acres surrounded by a high wall, with a draw bridge in front, be- hind which, on the esplanade, is the main guard, opposite to this, the foundations of another barrack of equal dimensions are now laying ; the church situated on the ascent of the hill fronting the bridge and market-house, is a neat chaste structure ; at the west end of which is a tower of hewn stone. Here are many manufactories in a most prosperous and thriving condition, which exhibit an happy specimen of what liberality directed by judgment, can effect; as in the year 1791, when it came into the pre^sent enterprising and patriotic proprietor's (John Anderson Esq.) possession, it consisted of a carman's inn, and a few wretched mud wall cabbins. Here an abbey for Cister- lian monks was founded, the date uncertain, but it existed in the year in 1226,, when Patrick, its prior, was consecrated bi- shop of Cloyne ; here eight roads conterminate, two roads run to the left, and one to the right, a direct road leads to Rathcormick, Parishes in the Barony of Barrymore. Ballycurranny, Middleton, Lisgool, Britway, Mogeasagh, Ardnagehy, Clonmult, Rathcormick, Dunbullogue, Coolinay, Templebodane, KillaspugmuUaa^ Disert, Templenecarriggy, Kilcoan, Dungourney, Ballyspellan, Kilroan, Gortroe, Carrigtohil, St. Michael, Greenagh, Castlelyons, Templeeusque, Inchinabacky, Kilcurfin, Cahirlag. To Cork by Kibooorth. JCilworth F^rnioy 104-f 107i 228 NEW TKAVELLfeR's GUIDE Rathcormick . . . . S| Glenmire . . • . 9 Cork • , . . . 4i Ill 120 124| Beyond the hundred and nine mile-stone, a cross road runs to the left. Ratkcormiclc^ — Distant a hundred and eleven miles from Dublin Castle, is situated near the river Bride ; here is a neat market house ; and a church adorned with a spire and steeple ; it was a borough previous to the Union. A cross road leads to the left ; on the south side of the river Bride, a cross road runs to the left ; a little beyond the hundred and fourteen mile-stone are the ruins of Mount- Cathrine to the right ; at Water-grass -hill turnpike, the Tallow road unites on the left. Upper-Glenmore^— Distant a hundred and twenty miles from Dublin Castle, a pleasant outlet from Cork, is situated on a river of the same name; here is a bolting mill supposed the first erected in Ireland. At the hundred and twenty-three mile-stone, the Limerick road unites to the right, and a cross road runs to the left ; on this side of Cork, all the roads converging, in progress, from the eastern districts towards this city, unite and conterminate. Castle Lyons. — On a road branching to the left from Fermoy is situated Castle-Lyons, distant a hundred and eleven miles from Dublin Castle, anciently called Castle-Lehan from the O'Lehan's, an ancient Irish sept* It is a well built market-town pleasantly situated in a fruitful valley near the river Bride; here are the ruins of an old abbey of Franciscans founded in the year 1307. On its dissolution it was granted to the Earl of Cork, who assigned it to his Son-in-law David first Earl of Barrymore. On the ruins of O'Lehan's-Castle, Lord Barrymore's fine old mansion is erected, it is a stately and ponderous edifice; in re- moving some of the old castle walls, a stone chimney-piece was discovered with this inscription, OLehan hoc fecit anno Mciii, a document which proves, that private stx)ne structures were erected in Ireland at that period ; the river Bride meanders through the demesne, producing various agreeable prospects. This barony contains a small portion of lime stone on the north and south extremities; the residue consists of brown, or red stone scattered over a coarse high, moory and mountainous surface; the southren portion adjacent to Cork, was, until very lately, exclusively occupied by dairies, aud totally destitute of ^igricultural improveriieuts* FOR i:^KLAND. 229 Parishes in the Barony of Fermoy, Litter, Ballyhooly, Bridge-town, Carricdownan, Clenore, Farahy, Glanore, Imphric, Monanimy, Rossdagli, Templerone, Wallstown, Kilcumner, Mallow, Ballydeloughy, Carrighamleary, Castletown roche, Derryvillane, Killathy, Kilbroriy, llaghan, Cahirduggan, Doneraile. By the Michelstown road, Cork County commences, near the ninety-nine mile-stone, Michelstown^ — Distant a hundred and two miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle ; is a neat handsome little town, having been impioved and enlarged by the late Lord Kings- ton : here an establishment called the College is founded, through the munificence and humanity of Lord Baron Kingston; it provides for the comfortable maintenance of twelve decayed gentlemen, and sixteen gentlewomen, to each of whom is allot- ed a neat house and garden free of rent and taxes, with a salary of a year paid quarterly ; a chapel also constitutes a part of this charitable institution, accompanied with a salary of 120/. a year, and a house, offices, and garden for the chaplain, who is daily to read prayers for this venerable congregation. The mansion house, at Michelstown, the residence of the Kingston family, is a large and magnificent structure, surrounded with a fine and well planted demesne containing about one hundred and thirty acres, A cross road runs to the right ; about a mile and a half from this tow^n are the ruins of Caherdriny castle ; ^it the hundred and four mile-stone, a cross road leads to the left; at the hundred and five mile-stone a cross road runs to the left, and the ruins of Carriganoura Castle lie to the right. Kildorenij^ — Is a small village distant a hundred and seven miles from Dublin Castle, \there are the ruins of Ballynamana Castle; a road to the right leads to Limerick, the direct road to Doneraile, and that on the left runs to Glanworth. Glanworth^ — Is a decayed village, though anciently a corpora- tion, situated on the banks of Uie Funcheon : here are the ruins of an abbey founded by the Roches in the year 1227, and the remains of a sumptuous castle buiit with massy stones on arched vaults; the whole of this edifice was environed with a strong ^^:ix\\ flanked with turrets. 230 NEW TRAVKLLEll'^ GUIDB Doneraile^ — Distant one hundred and thirteen miles from the Castle of Dublin, is situated on the river Aubeg ; here is a neat church with a lofty spire and steeple ; a barrack for a troop of horse is erected on the scite of the old castle ; it gives the title of Viscount to the family of St. Leger. Near the town are several quarries of variegated marble. It was a Borough previous to the Union. Near the town is Lord Doneraile's residence. A cross road on the left, leads to Castletown-roche, where are the ruins of a fine old castle, once the residence of ihe Roches, Lords of Fermoy. — This castle was gallantly defended for several days by Lady Roche, against the Parliament forces, Anno 1649. About a mile from Roches town, is the Castle of Carrignocunny, and at Bridgetown in the same vicinitj^, are the ruins of an old abbey, founded about the year 1314, and most enchantingly situated at the confluence of the rivers Aubeg and Black- water. — The soil of the two contiguous baronies of Fermoy and Glangibbon, partly consists of mountainous tracts and lime-stone vales, which are kind and mellow, and sometimes fertile; the high grounds are genei^allj^ a moory soil. Fuel is a very scarce article in these districts, as there are none or few bogs, but in the mountains^ where a partial supply can be obtained by the neighbouring in- habitants. Parishes in the Barony of Orrery and Kilmore, Aglish, Dranina, Bally beg, Churchtown, Kilmacleny, Lackeen, Shandrum, Ballyclough, Bregogue, Castlemagnor, Kilbrin, Liscoral, Rathgoggin, Bothon, Kilbolane. CharJeville^ — Distant one hundred and eight miles from the Castle of Dublin, and twentyrcight miles and a quarter from Cork, was a Borough previous to the Union. Here is a charter .school liberally endowed by the Earl of Cork and Orrery. The church and horse barracks are neat modern structures. It gave title of Earl to the family of Moores. Bultevant^ — Distant one hundred and thirteen miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dubhn, and situated on the river Aubeg, was anciently a corporation, governed by a Mayor and Alderman. It was a walled town, the traces of which still re- main. Here are the ruins of diflerciit splendid monastic insti- tiilioas, containing tlie tombs of many illustrious, Irish chcfti- FOR IRELAND. 231 afts. The celebrated Spencer had hk residence in tliis vici- nage. Two cross roads run to the right, and two to the left. Mallow^ — Distant one hundred and eighteen miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and sixteen Irom Cork, is pleasant- ly situated on the Black- Water, over which there is an excel- lent stone bridge ; here were formerly erected two noble cas- tles by the Earl of Desmond, which were destroyed in the re- bellion of 1641. Its modern structures are a fine church, a good market house, and a barrack for a troop of horse. Conti- guous to the town, is a fine spring of moderately tepid water, bursting from a lime-stone rock ; its real, or imputed medicinal qualities, attract a numerous asseriiblage of fashionable society in the summer season : in quality, it assimulates to the hot waters of Bristol, and was discovered in the year 1724. — A road runs right and left ; the direct road in this position leads to Cork. It returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. Kilmore contains no lime-stone, and principally consists of stiff clay and moorland. Orrery, stands particularly distinguished for the rich variety of its soils, w hich are all calcareous, abound- ing in lime-stone gravel. Fuel is very scarce and difficult to be procured. Near the thirteen mile stone, a cross road runs to the left* and another to the right ; at the five mile-stoiie, stands White Church, and a cross road runs to the left, and near the third mile-stone are the ruins of Rahanisky Castle. — A small portion of this Barony consists of lime-stone, the remainder is chiefly composed of moorland and mountain. Parishes in the Barony of two Barrets* Carrigrohanbeg, Iniscara, Kilcoleman, Mattehy, Aglish, Mourne Abbey, Courbaliy- Kilnaglory, Parishes in the Barony of Duhallo\)i\ Clenfort, CuUen, Drum tariff, Kilmeen, Nohovaldaly, Kilshanick, Knockt^mple, Subulter, Clonmeen, Dromdowuiy, Rosskeen, Tullaghleasb. 232 I^EVV traveller's OXJIDB 2q Mill-Street hi/ Mich elst own. Michel s town Kildorory . . 4 Doneraile . . 6 Mallow , • . 5| Mill-Street ^ . ITf Mile?. 103 107 113 11 8| Newmai'L — Distant one hundred a forty-two miles from the Castle of Dublin, consists of one regular street, and is a consi- derable thorough-fare into the county of Kerry ; here is a de- cent Parish Church. Near this village stands Castle MacAulifFe, formerly the chief residence of that sept. There is another of their castles at Carigacushen in the same vicinage. The road on the left, runs towards Mallow, and that to the right to Ker- ry. The western part of this Barony consists of high moor- land and mountain, in some places there are deep turf bogs ; but the general soil is a shallow turf, resting on a stiff heavy wet clay. Its stone consists of two kinds, argelite and lime- stone. This Barony stands particularly distinguished for the quantify of coal mines with which it abounds. There are many old castles in this district, of which, that at the village of Kaii- turk is the most remarkable. To Ckarleville hi) Whitecliurclu (M lies.) Whitechurch • • 5i Ballynamona 12j Mallow 21 Buttevant 51 21 Velvctrtown 2 23 Charleville • * 5^ 28^ Parishes in the Barony of MusTcerry. AghabuUog, Aghinagh, Ballyvourney, Clondrohid, Donaghmore, Garrycloync, Kileorney Kilnamartory, Macroom, Macgourney, Athnowen, Can na way, Desertmore, Inchegela, Kilmichael, Kilmurry, Knockavilly, Macloneigh, Moyviddy, Kilbonane, Duniskey. rOR IRELAND. 233 MilUStreet^ — Distant one hundred and thirty-six miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is a small village, re- markable for a good inn ; there is a commodious barrack for tvvo companies of foot. Some manufactories of linen clotli have been introduced here. From Mill-Street, a direct road runs to Cork ; from which it is distant twenty two miles and three quarters. To Mill'Slreet ly Glanton. Miles. Glanton • . , — 4 1 Newbridge . . . 3 7^ Mill-Street . . . 10 17l Macroom. — Distant one hundred and forty-two miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is situated ou the ri- ver Sullane, in a dry gravelly lime-stone soil. Opposite to the bridge, is a neat handsome church dedicated to St. Colman; here is a barrack for a company of foot, and a good market- house. The castle is very ancient, having been built in the reign of King John. It was burnt in the rebellion of 1641. It now consists of two strong towers about sixty feet high, connec- ted by a large modern building. At the distance of two miles, are the ruins of Mashanglass Castle, and within half a mile of the town is a chalybeate, deemed very efficacious in cutane- ous eruptions. A new line of mail-coach road passing through Macroom, facilitates the communication between the counties of Cork and Kerry. Blarney^ — Distant one hundred and twenty-eight miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is situated on a river of the same name ; there are paper mills and other manufactories established here. Here is a castle situated on a bold roman- tic rock ; its wails are very strong, being eighteen feet thick. It stood a formal siege against King William's forces, who, after its surrender, demolished the fortifications, leaving only one solitary tower to record its fallen greatness. Some modern buildings have been constructed both handsome and spacious, the western portion of this Barony is mountainous ; the soil of the eastern district assimulates to that of the Barony of Barret. 2 II KEW TRAVELLEK's GUIDE Parishes in the Liberties of Cork, Wbite«dmrchj Currickippane, KilcuHj^, Carigrohaft, Inchkenny, Rathcorrey. Corlt^ — The most commercial city, and the second in magni- tutle in Ireland, is distant one hundred and twenty-four miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin. It was originally con- structed on a low marshy island, formed by the river Lee, which divides into two branches a little above the town, and unites again a little below it, encompassing a considerable ex- tent of gfoutid, subject to frequent inundations from high tides and floods. It is supposed to be coeval with the foundation of the cathedral, erected abont the beginning of the sixth century, but most probably, it owes its regular conformation to the Danes, by whom it was walled and fortified in the ninth century. Its approaches were by two opposite bridges, erected in the north and south channels, between which ran the principal street, still named the Main Street, from which some others di- verged east and west ; and probably constituted the entire of the city in the time of the Ostmen, as most defencible by the wall and bridges. There were several lesser branches of the ri- ver intersecting the marshes, in various directions, and flowing through many of the streets, and thus resembled Dutch towns, possessing similar commercial conveniencies ; — but these sup- posed advantages were more than counter-balanced by the pu- trid exhalations, arising from a nauseous collection of stagnated mud, engendeTing such maladies, as foul air and a swampy si- tuation always create. These unwholesome nuisances have been gradually closed by the indefatigable exertions of the cor- poration ; to which improvement, the old town is indebted for several of its most spacious and elegant streets. Three adition- al bridges erected at the most convenient points, materially contribute to facilitate a general communication with various outlets leading to this populous city. The exchange, bqilt by an Italian architect, is an elegant stru- venience. To Kinsnle by Cork. Cork Kinsale (Miles.) 136 Parishes in the Barony of Kerry^ Currihy^ and Kinalea^ Ballyfoil, Ballymartle, Barnahely, Brinny, Carrigaline, Cullen, Innishonan, Killanully, Kilmoney, Kilmonoge, Kinure, Leigh money, Liscleary, Noghaval, Templemichael^ Ballyfiard, Templebreedy, Ballinaboy, Kilpatrick, Marmullaiie, Tracton, On the road leading from Cork to Kinsale, at the four mile ftone, a cross road leads to the right, and near the six mile- stone, two cross roads run to the right, and another to tbo ton IRELAND, 9?y7 left; at the eight mile-stone, the road forks into two branches, and on this side of the eleven mile-stone, a cross road sweeps to the left. Kimale^ — Distant one hundred and thirty-six miles from the Castle of Dublin, is situated under Compass Hill, on the banks of the river Bandon; it extends a mile in length, and is defend- ed by a fort built in the reign of Charles the Second. On the opposite shore, are two well built villages called Love and Scil- Jy ; within the precincts of the town and libeities are six pari- shes. The barracks contain twelve companies of foot, besities a regiment stationed at Charles Fort. In the year 1600, the Spaniards made themselves masters of the town, but were soon constrained to surreiider to the deputy Mount-joy. In 164'9, it yielded to Cromwell, and in 1690, the Earl of Marlborough wrested it from King James the Second's for- ces. It gives title of Baron to the ancient family of de Cour- cy, and is governed by a sovereign and recorder. It re- turns one member to the Imperial Parliament, Some ruins of its ancient monastic institutions still remain. Its harbour is spacious, commodious, and perfectly secure from all winds. Here is a dock-yard for repiairing men of war, and a crane and gun wharfj for landing and shipping artillery. A road on the xiorth side of the Bandon river, run^ to Jnnishonan. To Innishman hy CorJc. (Miles) Cork • ; . _ I 12i| Innishonan . ♦ , lOi j 134-| ParUhes in the Barony of Kinalraealxy. Kilbrogan, Moragh, Templemartin, Ballymodan, On the road leading from Cork to Innishonan, at the four mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right ; at the five mile-stone, are the ruins of an old abbey to the right. A little beyond the eight mile-stone, the road forks into two branches, Innishonan^ — Distant one hundred and thirty-four miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, and ten miles and three quarters from Cork, is situated on the brink of the Ban- don. The linen manufacture was much encouraged here by chelate Mr Adderly; there is likewise a charter school for 40 238 K£W TItMSiLSR's GUIDE children. It was formerly a walled town, as appears by the foundations of several castles and other strong buildings which have been discovered. On the south side of the river Bandon^ a road to the left runs towards Black Head, and that on the right to Bandon. On the isthmus connecting this promontory with the main land, stood an ancient castle of the Lords of Kin-, sale, extending from one extremity to the other. This cas- tle was a royal residence of the Irish Kings. The Isth- mus was so completely excavated by the incessant lashing of the surge, as to form a stupenduous arch, through which boats might pass from one bay to the other. Among the rocks of this coast, eagles, hawks, and ospreys, erect their airy habita- tions, inaccessible to human encroachments, and beyond the plunderer^s spoliation. Castlebernard, the residence of Lord Bandon, is in this vicinity. Bandon hy CorJc. (Miks.) Cork . . . — |124| Bandon . . \di \ 137i Bandon^ — Distant one hundred and thirty-seven miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, and thirteen miles and a quarter fi'om Cork, is situated on a river of the same name. It was built in the year 1610, by Richard Boyle, first Earl of Cork, by whom it was walled and fortified, and had two churches and market houses. The walls were demolished by the Irish in J 689, for which violence, no papists were afterwards permitted to reside in the towij. It has a barrack for two companies of foot, and gives title of Baron to the family of Bernard. Near the town, there is a fine chalybeate, and at a small distance, stands the old Castle of Dundarene. It returns one member to the United Parliament. The hilly portions of this barony are generally poor, shallow and stony, much interspersed with bog and moorland. Parishes in the Barony of t^ourcies. K ilconey, Templetrilie, R i ngron e, Kilroan. FOR IRELAND. 239 Tlie low pounds along the river in this Barony afford a light and fertile soil producing good crops of oats and potatoes ; the hilly portions are generally unproductive. Fuel is very scarce in this small insulated district. At Old-head, a pro- montory situated in this barony, a light house has been erect- ed for the convenience of mariners. Parishes hi the Barony of Ihawne and Barryroe. Abbey-mahon, Templeomalis, Ardfield, Donagh-more, Timoleague, Kilkerranmore, Kilsilagh, Lisle, Rathbarry. Clonakilty. — Distant one hundred and forty six miles from the Castle of Dublin, and twenty-two from Cork, is built in the form of a cross ; the church, a plain structure, is erected on a rising ground. Here is a good yarn market. This town supplies the neighbouring district with a great abundance of fuel. It flourished until the rebellion in the year 1641, at which time it wa« totally consumed, from which desolation, it has never since perfectly recovered ; it was a borough previous to the Union. At the near end of the town, a road unites on the left. Its bay is sandy, dangerous, and inconvenient for shipping. Four miles to the south-east are the ruins of Timoleague Castle, built by the O'Shaughnessies, where also are the walls of an old Franciscan Abbey, founded by the Ma- carty's in the fourteenth century : the eastern portion of this district is very fertile ; the western division, though interming- led with coarse sands, contains some excellent farms. The high lands are very inferior in quality to the less elevated grounds, though generally arable. Parishes in the Barony of East and West Catleny. Ballymoney, Ballinadee, Cahiragh, Drumdaleague, Kilbritain, Kilgobane, Kilmoe, Katclaren, Rathdowtan, Skull, Disartserges, Drinagh, Durrus, Fanlobbish Kilcrohane, Kinnaigh, Castle-haven, Creagh, Kilmaloda, Kilmine, Kilnagross, Myros, Templebrian, Tullagb, Abbey-strowry, Aghadown, Castoventry, Clare-Islandj Disert, Kilcoe, Kilfaughnahbeg, KilgarufF, Kilmacabeae, Ross, Temp] eqii ink.m 2W IS'EW TRAVELLER'S GUIDEJ HcfS^.—Dktant one hundred and fifty- two milos and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and twenty-eight from Cork, is a bishoprick united to Cork in the year 15S6 ; the cathedral is a small Gothic structure; the churchyard is washed by an arm of the sea, but so shallow and choaked with sand that no vessels can approach the town. Some subterraneous passages Jiave been lately discovered near the cathedral: the ruins of an old abbey still remain. Here is a good infantry barrack, and a neat market-house. A cross road, runs to the right, the di- rect road leads to Skibbereen. IV^iles* ^ Cork, - - • ^ - — 124| Clonakilty, - - - - 22 146^ Ross, - . - . - 6 152^ Skibbereen, - - • - Baltimore, ^ - , . 6| j kjs Skibbereen^ — Distant one hundred and sixty-one miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle is situated on the river Hen. Here is a decent market-house. The church is erected on the west bank of the river : the cloathing trade and linen ma- nufacture are established here. A cross road runs to the left At the west end of the town, a cross road runs right and left Baltimore^ — Distant one hundred and sixty-eight miles from the Castle of Dublin, and forty-three miles and a quarter from Cork, is situated on a head land, running into the sea, with a commodious harbour. It was a place of considerable im- portance until the year 1631, when it was plundered by the Algerines, whose atrocities so terrified the inhabitants, that they gradually withdrew to a place of more security ; in consequence of which emigration it has insensibly decayed, and is now sunk to a miserable fishing hamlet. It was a borough previous to the Union. In this desolate tract, are the ruins of many castles formerly deemed impregnable. The surface of this baiony is uneven and irregular ; the eastern portion is generally arable and sometimes fertile. The western division is rough, rockey, and mountainous, with some occasional intermixture of profita ble ground. Iniskcane Village^ — Is distant one hundred and forty-four miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and twenty from Cork. To the north of this village, lies the ruined church of Kinigh^ FOR IRELAND. with a remarkable round tower above seventy feet high, the first story of which is an hexagon, the remaining stories round. To Bantry hy Corh. Cork. Bandon, Inniskeane, Dunmanway, Bantry. Miles. 137* 7 6i 151 13i 164i Parishes in the Barony of Bear and Bantri/. Templeadigan, Kilconenagh, Kilcaskin, Kilmacomoge, Kilmanaght, Kilcomenaa. Kilcatern, Dunmanwayy — Distant one hundred and fifty one miles from the Castle of Dublin, and twenty six miles ond a half from Cork, stands near the head of the l iv^er Bandon m a small val- ley encompassed with lofty hills. It was ihe first place in this province, where the linen manufacture flourished; here is a charter-school for forty children. Two cross roads run to the left^ and one to the nght ; near the twenty eight mile-stone lie the ruins of Kilbarry Church to the right. Dromalea^m, — Is a village distant one hundred and fifty six m.iles froi'^ the Castle of Dublin, and thirty one miles and a half from Cork. A cross road sweeps to the left ; the direct road leads to Bantryj distant one hundred and sixty^four miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, situated at the bottom of the finest Bay in the world, capable of contain- ing all the shipping in Europe. Near this town Treton erect- ed fortifications, with four regular bastions, in the protector- ship of Oliver Cromwell, The Bay is memorable for a naval victory, obtained by admiral Herbert over the French fleet, in the year 1689. Here also a formidable French armament destined to invade Ireland, was totally dispersed in the month of December 1796, which event greatly disconcerted the opera - tions of the united Irishmen, at whose solicitation the expe- dition was fitted out by the Consulate ; and numerous land 5jrces embarked, commanded by a celebrated democratic gc- 2 I 242 ISiEW TRAV£1,LEr's guide neral, named Hoche. Few or none of either the men of war or transports returned to a French port, while the British jfleet dispatched in pursuit of them, though equally exposed to the same destructive storm, escaped without the loss of even one solitary vessel. A pious man would impute so very marvel-* ous a preservation to the interposition of an all ruling Pro- vidence. The infidel may scoff if he please, at that confidence which a Christian reposes in the manyfold mercies occa- sionally manifested to nations as well as to individuals in ap- parently inextricable difficulties, to prove that a paramount reliance is not always to be exclusively placed in the mul- titude of an host, or in chariots, or in horses, or in expe- rienced warriors. No reflection deduced from the barren fountain of sterile philosophy can engender so ineffable a con- solation. Dermot O'Sullivan Beare founded a beautiful small monastery for conventual Franciscan Friars on the sea shore, near this town, which is totally demolished : as the founder died in the year 1466, it could only have been erected a few years previous to that event. From Bantry the road on the left runs to Dunmanus Bay ; another on the right, winds along the coast to Bear Haven, through a barren, desolate, mountainous, and unculti- vated tract. The surface of this barony is wild, sublime, and romantic : its soil is generally composed of moory and mossy peat, thinly interspersed with fertile spots: no in- dication of coal has been discovered in the stupenduous moun- tains with which this barony abounds. The Rev. Mr. Townsend's very judicious Statistical Survey of this county will afford much useful local information to the resident gentry in- terested in its agricultural improvements, which cannot be suffi- ciently abridged, to be incorporated in a selection of this description. FOR IRELAND. 243 A Table of Fail's held in this Counts/ evert/ month in the year. Places where fields Time. Jan. Flaccs where held^ Time. Apr. Castletown . . . 1 Castle Lyons , . 20 Castle Lyons . . Castletown . . • 20 Mallow .... 2 Kilworth .... 20 Nadrid .... 1 Singland .... 20 Mallow .... 1 Dronmanagilibeg 20 Newcestown Q o Bally volane or Cove 20 Glanworth . . . 15 Kilcummer . . . 21 Ahercross • . . 20 Cecilstown . . . 2i Coldorohy . . . 20 Orenogns 25 Kilworth • • xiatnciare • • • 26 Michels-fort . . . 28 Feb. Barngrove . . , Tullilease . . . 25 Maslacanlands . . 2 29 Shanballvmore . . 4 May Mar. Ballinhassio: . . 1 Mill-street . . . 1 Kildorery . . . 1 Monkstovvn . . . 1 Kilmurry , . . 1 Tullilease . . . 1 Liscarrol .... 1 Mallow .... 1 Lisgold . . . . 1 Carrifj^towhill . . 12 Old-castle . . . 1 Glanworth . . . 16 Passap-e .... o Castlemartyr . . 1 Curraffhbegland • 17 3 Mossgrove . 17 Knockneitiarift . . 3 Annffrove . . . o 25 Dunnianwav Rostellan . . . 25 Shanballymore . . 4? Butte van t . # Glenville .... Timoleaffue . . . 28 Kinturk .... 4 Kin sale .... Aughadown . . . 4 6 Aj^r. Transtown . . . 3 Bandon .... 6 Eniskeon . . . 5 Curras and Maun 6 Clonikilty . . . . 6 Ballinvroony . . 10 Kilmaclenon . . 6 Mallow .... 11 Lough of Cork , . 6 2 Monkstown . . . 12 Blarney .... 19 Castletown . . . \2 Carrigaline . . . 19 ; Carrigtowhill . . ' Macrompt . . . 12 Ballidehob . . . . 20 12 NEW TBAVELLER's GUIDE Time, Places where held. 'time. May June 13 Newmarket • • • 8 13 Blarney • • . • 8& 9 14 Bantry • . . • 9 14 Ballinphelick • • 9 14 Five-mile Bridge • 9 14 Old Mill-street 12 15 Druindeer • • • 12&1S 15 Killeleagh . • • 13 18 Cork City . • * 14 20 Barnagrove . . . 15 20 Lisnacon .... 16 20 Kilworth • • • . 17 20 ]VIosso''rove • • • 17 23 Connauffh . . • o 19 24 Dromanafifilibeo: 20 2^ Kilmaclanon . . 2i 25 Eniskeon. 22 25 I Coldorohv • . . 24 27 ! Lisgold • • « • 24 27 Balligurteen • , . Kildorrv .... 24 1 27 1 27 27 : Ballinhagsig . . 29 29 TuUilease ... 29 31 31 ' July Rathclare ... Kinturk .... 1 4. June \ 1 Middletown . 5 1 i Timoleague ... 5 4 Ballinvroonev . . 10 5 Kilmurraffhan . . o 10 Skibbereen . . . 10 1 Cahirtnee • • • 12 7 Macromp . . . 12 7 Cortlagurragh . . 3 Dunmanway . . 13 8 Curras and Maun \6 8 , Kilcummer . . . 21 Places where held* Glanworth . Cecilstown . Middletown . Crookstown . Skibbereen , Ballinspidale Lisnacon . . Dunaghmore Coldorohy . Dromagh Droumalagree Old Abbey . Coolymnrrahoo Lepp • . . Castletown Roche Shandrum . Anngrove Connaugh . Youglial . . Bandon . . Bahlaghan . Innishannon Insegelagh . Liscarrol Mill-street . Cloghnakilty New-mill . . Maslacanlan,ds Balinamoney Carrigaline . Castle Lyons Currabeglaiids Downderry . Cloyne . . Newcestown rOU IRELAND. Places where held* Time. Mallow - - . - 25 Ballygurteen - - - 25 Passage - - - - Castletownroche - - 28 Michelstown - - - 30 Clonakilty - - - 30 Aug. Glangowra - - - 1 Monkstown - - - 1 Skibbereen - - - 2 Knocknamariff' - - 3 Ballybuy - - - - 3 Balliclough - - - 3 Cardriney - - - 3 Dangon - - - - 3 Killacouhty - - - 3 Tracton - - - - 3 Barnagrove - - - 8 Ballinahassig - - 10 Glanworth - - - 10 Lonerail - - - - 12 Enniskeon - - * 12 Carnagaline - - - 12 Rathcormick - - 12 Maslacanlands - - 15 Ann grove - - - 15 Rostelan - - - - 15 Coolymurrahoo 17 Dromagh - - - 20 Sliandrum - - - 20 Ballinamone - - - 21 Bantry - . . - 21 Magilla . - - - 21 Timaleage - - 21 Curraghbegland - - 24 Coldorohy ~ - - 24 Carrigtohill - - - 26 Crookstown - - - 26 Castle-Lyons - - - 28 Insegeleage - - • 31 Liscarroi . - - - 31 Places wheve heliit Miilstreet - - - 1 Ballinakelly - - - 3 4 Drumcallagher - - 3 Kildorery - - - - 3 Ballinavat - - - - 4 Bartholomew- well 4 Castletown - - - 4 Kinsale - - - ^ 4 Old castle - - - - 4 Rugsboro - - - - 4 Kilmurray - - - 8 XT 1 A. Newmarket - - - H Ballinvroony 10 XT'*! Kliworth - - - - 11 (Jld Mill-street - - 12 Macromp - - • 1 ^ Curras and Maun 1 4 1% Shanballymore 1 a lo Dunmanway - - - 17 Blarney - - - - IS Balimakelly - - - 18 Ballyclough - - - 19 Carrigtohill - - - lf> 19^ Kilcummer - - - 21 Mossgrove - - - 21 Glanworth - - - 24 Drimoieague - - - 25 1 ranstown - - - 25 Newtown - - - - 25 Balimspidale - - - 25 26 BaUinhassig - - - 29 Castletownroche - - 29 Anngrove - - « 29 Castle Lyons - - 29 Coldorohy - - . 29 Cork Aughadown - - Balliheen - - - - i - Oct. I 2 2 9 KEW traveller's guide Places where, held. Time' October Places vjjiere held. Time, Nov. Castlemartyr r * . 2 Bandon . , • . 8 Connaugh * . . . 2 Carrigaline . . . 8 Enniskeon .... 2 Cerrigtowhill . . * Kilmaclenning • . . 2 Ballivoorney . . . 10 Abacross • . . * 3 Blarney .... 11 Innishannon . * . 3 Charleville . • . 12 Balliclough . . . 6 Clonakilty .... 12 Ballidehob . . . • :o Doneraile . . • 12 Ballenphelick . . . 10 Killileagh ... . 12 Cbarleville w . . 10 Macromp .... 12 Clonakilty .... 10 Michelstown . . . 12 Five-mile Bridge 10 Monkstown . . , 12 Middletown . . . 10 Lisnacon . . . ; 14* Nadrid . . • . . 10 Dromnagilibeg - . 15 Newmarket . ' . . 10 Castle Lyons . . . 16 Skibbereen • . . 12 Crookstown . . , 17 BuUevant • . . 14 Connaugh .... 20 Bantry .... 15 Dromagh .... 20 Newcestown . . . 15 Donaghmore , . . 21 Bally volanne or Cove 15 Kilwortb .... 21 Cecilstown . ♦ . . 18 Kinsale . * . . . 21 Youghal .... 18 Newmarket . . . 2i Lepp 20 Middletown , . . 22 KnocknamarifF . . 20 Kilbriton : . . . 22 TuUilease . . . . 24. Cecilstown .... 24 27 Dunmanway . • 2G Mallow . . . 28 Kildorery .... 27 Bandon . . ; . 29 Liscarrol .... 29 Rathcormuck . e . 29 Glanworth .... SO Nov. Dec. Lisgold . . . • 1 Bantry 1 Ilatliclare ... * 1 Mill-street . . . . 1 Glangowra . . . 1 Insegelagh .... Ballinamooney . 3 Kilmurry .... 1 5 Grenoghs .... 2 Cloyne . . . . . Brigown . . . ^ Glinville . . : . 3 Kinturk .... 3 Timoleague . . . 7 Old Abbey . . . 3 Maslaeanlands : . 8 Curras & Maun . . 5 Mos9grove . . . - 8 Batnagrove . . . 6 Kilwortli .... 10 Kintiifk , . , . 11 FOE IREtAND. 247 Places where held. Time. r laces where held. Time. Dec, 1 Dec, Skihhereen - - - 11 K nocknamarifF 20 Castletown Roche 12 Kilcummer - - - 21 ^'^ewcestovvn - - -« 12 Kilmurry - - - - 21 Old Mill-street - - 12 Liseold -r - - ^ 21 Shanb ally more - - 13 Skibbereen * . - 23 Rathclare - - - - 17 Anngrove - - - - 26 Coldorohy - - 18 Balligurteen - - - 28 19 Carigaliii^ ^ • - SI Curraghbegland - - 20 249 NEW TRAVELLER S GUIDE COUNTY OF TIPPERARY. The County of Tipperary is bounded on the north, by the Xing and Queen's Counties ; on the east, by Kilkenny ; on ihe fecuth, hy tlie Couiities of Waterford and Cork ; and on the west, by the Counties of Galway, Ciare, and Limerick. Its greatest length is about 52 Irish miles, and its greatest breadth is about 30 Irish miles. Its snrface comprises 554,950 acres, Irish plantation mf asure, including bogs, mountain, and waste. It IS divided into 12 Baronies, — Lower Ormond, Upper 0':> • lid, Ikerin, Isleagh, Owen and Arra, Kilnelegurty, Kilnemanna, Slewarda and Compsy, Middle Third, Clan- v/iiiiam, Iffa and OfFa, and Ehgurty : — which contain 186 Parisiu L-i. I'he lands of this County are ranked amongst the most productive in the island, but are generally occupied in grazing, and consequently the population does not correspond with the f Ttility of the soil. The peasantry being by such a desolating system of farming, exiled into bairen mountains, or forced to crowd into towns and villages to procure a precarious and wretched subsistence, become turbulent, violent, and discontented ; and are the ready instruments of every revo- lutionary insurrection. This circumstance may account for that wide difference observable in the disposition of the northern and southern peasantry. In the former provinces industry and civilization are manifestly progressive, wiien not artfully inter- rupted by religious discord, occasionally excited by the machi- nations of ambitious demagogues ; but the County of Tipperary appears to be the exhaustless fountain of discontent, successively breaking forth in some new form. The western portion of this County is rugged, coarse, and mountainous, where the surface is composed of such soil as is generally found in elevated situations. Iron and lead ore have been discovered in various places, coal mines also are very numerous. The flat parts consist of lime-stone and lime-stone gravel. This County was FOU IRELAND* 249 formerly a palatine, under the jurisdiction of the Duke of Ormond, which was suppressed on that nobleman's attainder, in the reign of King George the First. The northern moun- taiuous portion was denominated Ormond, and the upper dis- trict was distinguished by the appellation of Holy Cross. The river Suir flows nearly through its whole extent. Parishes in the Barony of Slewarda and Compsey, Ballinure, Isertkerin, Gare, Buolic, Kilcooly, Killenaul, Crohane, Lickflin, Kilvemnon, Derryneflin, Lismalin, Templemicbae];, Fennor, Modeshil, Grangemocler. Gray St own, Mowny, ItOAD3» On tiie road running from Callen to Clonmel, Tipperary County commences at the seventy-first mile-stone, where a cross road on the right, sweeps towards Fethard, and ar.other on the left, leads to Carrick on Suir ; here is situated a remarkable stage, called the Nine-Mile House, a little beyond which, lie the ruins of an old castle, situated on the left} the Slicve-na- Manna mountains commence their lofty range here, and skirt the road on the right, for a considerable distance. At the seventy- fourth mile-stone, is situated the elegant mansion and well planted demesne of Kilcashj romanticly situated at the foot of these mountains* Parishes in the Barony of tffa and Offa. Ballyclerahan, Newchapel, White Church, Ardcollum, Ardfinnan, Clonmel, Rochestown, Innislough, Kilrnurry, NewtownJenftn, Tulloghmelan, Ballybacon, Cahir, Carrick on Suir, Derrigrath, Killalone, Kilcasb, Kilgrant, Kilshilan, 2 K Kiltigan, Lisronaiij Neddans, Newcastle, Eathronan, Shanraghan, Templehay, Tubbrid, Tullaghhorton, 2B9 NEW TliAVELLER's GlJlM KOADS. At the seventy-sixth mile-stone, stands the little village Sallypatrick ; a cross road on the right, leads to Fethard, and another on the left, to Carrick on Suir. At the seventy-seventh mile-stone, lie the ruins of Ballyglaskin Castle, situated on the right; at the seventy-ninth mile-stone, stands Kilmore, the beautiful seat of Bagnal Esq. situated on the right, and a little farther on, lies Newtown, the elegant residence of Sir Thomas Osborne t in the same direction, contiguous to New- town, is situated the neat mansion and demesne of Redmonds- town. At the eighty-first mile-stone, stands the Charter* School, situated on the right, liberally endowed by the charita- ble munificence of John Uawson, Esq. and Sir Charles Moore, Baronet. Clonmdj — Distant eighty-one miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is delightfully situated on the river Suir, navigable from thence to Waterford, over which a bridge con- sisting of twenty arches is erected, communicating with the County of Waterford ; it is the shire and assizes town of this County. Its civil government is vested in a mayor, bailiffs, and town-clerk* It consists of four cross streets, regularly and well built. It carries on a brisk inland trade, and is wellforiiished with retail shops, plentifully stored with such articles as either ca- pricious fancy or actual necessity reqttire. The woollen manu- facture is vigorously though not very extensively carried on here : its goal, market-house, court-house, barrack and church, are substantially and not inelegantly constructed stone edifices. Its inns, or houses of entertainment, are numerous, some of which are elegantly fitted up for the reception of guests of rank, consequence, and distinction ; other receptacles are arranged in a stile corresponding with the humble situation and wants of their occasional visitors. This town is very ancient, having been built previous to the Danish invasion ; it was formerly fortified and defended by a very strong w^all. Here Oliver Cromwell encountered a more obstinate resistance than he experienced in the reduction of any other town in Ireland ; after its surrender, he demolished the castles, walls, and fortifications, of which ancient monuments, few fragments now remain. In 1262 a Dominican li iary was founded here, dedicated to St. Dominick, hut by whom, is not stated in the learned and laborious re- searches of the author of the Monasticon. In 1269 a Franciscan friary was founded here, by De Grandison, the church of which was splejididJy magnificent ; in this, church a miracle-working rOR IRELAND. 251 image of St. Francis was preserved. King Henry the Eighth, at the suppression of this monastic institution, granted one moiety of its possessions to the sovereign and commonaUy of Clonmel, at the annual rent of twelve pence, to be held in capite for ever. The other moiety was granted to James, Earl of Ormond, for a similar rent and tenure* The church is now con- verted into a meeting-house, of a dissenting congregation* Laurence Sterne, the witty author of Tristram Shandy, was born in this town, on the 24th of November, 1713. It gives the title of Earl to the family of Scott. It returns one member to the United Parliament. Here the roads approaching from Fethard and Casliel unite ; two roads branch off on the right, from the upper extremity of the town, one leading to Ardfinnan, and the other to Tipperary town. The road continued from the bridge erected across the Suir, leads to Duugarvan and Cappoquin, as delineated in the description of the County of Waterford; from this road, a cross road issues on the left, running along the Waterford side of the river Suir to Carrick, Another road leads on the Tipperary side of the river Suir to Carrick, At the five mile-stone of this road, running from Clonmel, lie the ruins of Poulakerry Castle, situated between the road and the river Suir. Near the six mile-stone, are the ruins of Burnchurch; at the seven mile-stone, are situated the ruins of Ballydoyne Castle. Carrick, — At the ten mile-stone, from Clonmel, stands Carrick, built on both sides of the river Suir, and distant seventy-four miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin ; the distance intervening between Clonmel and Carrick on Suir is thickly inhabited by an opulent gentry, whose beautiful seats highly contribute to adorn and diversify its variegated scenery of majestic mountains, whosedusky summits exibit a striking contrast lo the verdant carpet expanding beneath their base. Carrick on Suir is a very considerable and opulent town, irregularly built; it had formerly walls and fortifications, some fragments of which still remain ; the manufacture of broad cloths and ratteens, is extensively carried on here ; it has a bax'rack for two troops of horse ; it gives the title of Earl to a branch of the family of Butler, as it formerly conferred a similar distinction on the Duke of Ormond. Its monastic institutions, previous to the Jieformation, consisted of a priory, founded by William de Cantel, and Dionisia his w^ifc, dedicated to St. John the evan^ gclist, for canons regular, observing the rules of St. Augustin. This priory, at its suppression, was granted to the Karl of 232 KEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE Ormond without any reserved rent. Thomas DufF, or black Thomas, Earl of Ormond, erected a castle on the scite of the priory, long since suffered to moulder into dust. Here the roads from Callen and Ferry-bank meet ; two roads issue from the Waterford end of the town, as noticed among the roads of that County. About three miles beyond Clonmel, on the left, stands Knocklofty, the finely planted demesne and delightful residence of Lord Donoughmore, enchantingly situated on the banks of the Suir. Ardji?inan. — On the road passing between Clonmel and Ballyporeen, stands the ancient village of Ardfinnan, agreeably situated on the riyer Suir, and distant eighty-eight miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, where are the ruins of an old castle, built by King John when Earl of Morton, in 1184, boldly situated on a rock overhanging the river ; in its present state, it wears the gloomy aspect of Gothic magnificence. St. Finian the leper, who flourished about the end of the sixth century, founded an abbey for regular canons here, to which Cormac MacCuillenan, the celebrated archbishop of Cashel and king of Munster, bequeathed an ounce of gold, an ounce of silver^ his horse and arms, in 903. The town and abbey were sacked, plundered, and destroyed by the English in 1178. Here the road from Cahier unites on the right, and two roads branch off from this town, one on th^ right, leading to Clogheen, and the other on the left, runs towards Newcastle. Beyond the eighty- ninth mile-stone, are the ruins of Lady's Abbey on the left j at the ninety-first mile stone, stands Castle Grace Church on the left ; the road from Cahier unites on the right. Clogheen^ — Distant ninety-three miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, by the Clonmel road, is a small village, pleasantly situated on a streamlet, which flows into the Suir ; it is a great thoroughfare, much resorted to by travellers journeying to Cork ; the roads from Lisniore and Carrick here unite. At the ninety-fourth mile stone, stands Shanrahany Church on the left, and a little farther on, to the right, is situated Shanbally, the splendid residence of Lord Lismore. Ballyporeen^ — Is a considerable village, distant ninety-six miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, much fre- quented by travellers. At the ninety-eighth mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on t^he right, leads to Michelstown, and the other on the left, runs to Kilworth; at the ninety-ninth mile stone, the County terminates in this direction. On the road passing between Urlingford and Kil- Icnaule, Tipperary County commences near the sixty-thir^ FOR IRELAND. inile stone ; at the sixty-four mile stone, a cross road unites on the left ; on this side of the sixty-fifth mile stone, stands Kil- cooly on the left, the delightful residence of Sir William Barker, Baronet; at the sixty-fifth mile stone, on the left, lie the ruin» of Kilcooly abbey, founded in 1200, by Donough Carbragh O'Brien for Cistertian monks, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary ; this abbey, on its suppression, with all its appurtenances, was granted to Thomas, Earl of Ormond : a neat church now stands contiguous to the ruins of the abbey. At the sixty- eighth mile stone, lie the ruins of an old castle on the left ; on this side of the seventieth mile stone, are the ruins of an old church, situated op the left ; at the seventieth mile stone, the road to Thurles, branches off to the right. Killenaule^ — Is an inconsiderable village, distant seventy-two miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, surrounded by a rich, fertile, and charming country. The road from Callen unites on the left ; and the road to Cashel, branches off to the nght ; at the seventy-fourth mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle on the left ; at the seventy-fifth mile-stone, a road from Callen joins to the left, a little farther on, a road to Cashel sweeps to the right ; at the seventy-seventh mile stone, lie the ruins of Kilnockin Castle on the left, and a little farther on, are the ruins of another castle in the same direction. To Ballyporeeriy hy 'Nineteen Mile Home Nineteen Mile House CJonmel , , Ardfinnan Clogheen Pallyporeen Parishes in the Barony of Middle Third. Milesj. 70i 11 SI* 61 88 93f 3 96f Cashel, Clonin, Coilogh, Coleman, Crumpstown, Dogstown, Drangan, Erry, Fethard, Hore Abbey, Johnstown, Kilconnel, Kiitinan, KnackgrafFon, Magowry, Mogorban, Pepardstown, jflathcool, . Raylestown, Red City, Tullagb mains W addistown, Ballysheehafi^ Mora, Mortlestown, Outeragh, St. John's Grannt^. Ponaghmore, KEW traveller's GUIDE Fethard, — Distant seventy-eight miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, was formerly a walled town, and deemed a place of considerable importance ; some portions of the walls and gates still remain ; it now exhibits a ruinous, decayed, and impoverished aspect, destitute of all kinds of traffic but the vending of liquors; it was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. In 1306, a monastery for Eremites, observing the rules prescribed by St. Augustin, was founded here ; this monastery and all its pos- sessions, were granted to Sir Edmund Butler, Knight, in capite for ever, at the annual rent of five shillings and four pence, Irish currency. The road from Callen unites on the left; three roads issue to the right, leading indifferent directions to Cashel, Golden, and Caliier ; beyond the eighty-first mile stone, a cross 1 oad from Cashel, and the ruins of an old castle lie on the right ; and Kilmore mansion and demesne are situated on the left ; at the eighty-third mile stone, lie the ruins of an old castle on the right ; at the eighty-fifth mile stone, stands Clonmel already described. On the road passing between Urlingford and Cashel, Tipperary County commences at the sixty-second mile stone; a little farther on, lie the ruins of two castles on the hit. To Clonmeli ly Killenmde. Miles. Killenaule . . . • — 1 72| Fethard • . . . 5f j 78* Clonmel . . . . 6j | 85 J^ngford-Pass^^ — Is a small village, distant sixty-three miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, where are the ruins of an old barrack ; on this side of the sixty-fourth mile stone, the road from Kilkenny joins on the left, and the ruins of an old castle are situated on the right; here the road, for a considera- ble distance, runs through a boggy tract : at the sixty-sixth mile stone, the ruins of an old castle are situated on the verge of a bog to the left, and a road to Thurles, branches off to the right; at the sixty-seventh mile stone lici the ruins of an old castle on the right ; at the sixty-ninth mile stone, the road from Killenaule unites on the left, and the ruins of an old castle are situated in that direction ; a cross road branches off on the right; near the seventieth mile stone, the road running from Thurles to Clonmel crosses in an oblique line; at tbq teventy-first mile stone, the ruins of an old castle are situated on the left ; on this side of the seventy-third mile stone, stands the ruins of an old castle on the right ; at the seventy-fourth mile stone, is situated the delightful demesne of Newpark, ont the left, and the ruins of an old castle on the right. Cashel City^ — Distant seventy-six miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is large, populous, neat, clean, and well built 5 it is governed by a mayor, recorder, and baihffs. Its public edifices are a fine market house, a session house, a charter school, very liberally endowed, a barrack for two com- panies of foot, and an episcopal palace. This city and its suburbs must have been formerly very extensive, as it appears that 38 brewers were cited before a convention, for not paying- to the church, the accustomed fee of two flagons of ale, due. for each brewing. The palace is a plain quadrangular brick structure, furnished with a valuable library, containing many ancient and curious manuscripts, among which, that ancient record the Psalter of Cashel, written by Cormac MacCuleman^ a celebrated legislator and warrior, is still preseived. The gardens attached to the palace are beautiful and tastefully arranged. The present cathedral is a magnificent modem structure, of Greecian architecture, adorned with a lofty spire and steeple ; but the attractive graces of this lately constructed edifice, cannot restrain a sympathetic commiseration for the forlorn and desolate condition of the venerable pile, majestically seated on the summit of the rock, splendid even in its ruins, and exhibiting a melancholy example of the mutability of ali human institutions. The original cathedral, since successively xmd considerably enlarged, is supposed to have been erected by St. Patrick, and is ranked among the first Christian stone edifices built in this island. This stupenduous pile is situated on the perpendicular edge of the rock, awfully grand^ and majestic ; the approach to the summit is by a serpentine winding road, up the side of the rock, where it slopes by a gradual and accessible descent: and the entrance to the cathe- dral is by a lofty gate, placed in the western tower, originally constituting a portion of the royal palace, whence there is a communication to the north cross, containing a chapel dedi- cated to the Apostles ; in the centre of which, there is an excavation supposed subterraneously to conmiunicate with an abbey, distant about a quarter of a mile from the cathedraL The steeple rises from four finely proportioned arches. The ornaments round the windows are rich, curious, and splendid. The choir and nave, about 10 feet long, are strewed with the 256 NEW TRATELLER's GUIDE mutilated fragments of their ancient decorations. The eastern window is so defaced, that no traces of its original richness and grandeur any longer exist. Adjoining the South Cross, is situated Cormac's Chapel arid Hall of Audience, a relick of ancient architecture, worthy of particular inspection, whose sides are decorated with rows of slender columns, supporting semicircular arches, richly ornamented. In the east end, there is a niche, traditionally reported to contain the regal throne, over which are the sculls of various animals, whimsically deli- neated^ but boldly sculptured. The roof of this singular edifice is vaulted. From the hall a narrow stair-case leads to an apartment of similar dimensions, whose roof is composed of a semicircular arch, admirably united, and still perfect. On the east angle of the North Cross, stands a round tower, built of free-stone, although the remaining structures are composed of black marble. The ruins of this cathedral testify its ancient strength, splendor, and magnificence ; it seems to have been built before the introduction of Gothic architecture into this^ island. In 1 172, Henry the Second here received the homage of Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick. In the reign of Charles the First, Lord Inchiquin battered the Episcopal Palace, situat(*d at the west end of the cathedral. In 1169, Donald O'Brien built a new church, having converted the original one, erected by Cormac, into a Chapter-house. In 1421, it being then much decayed, it was again repaired. lu 14-95, the Earl of Kildare, being outrageously incensed against David Creagh, the then archbishop, burned the cathedral, and would have treated the prelate in like manner, had he had the misfortune of being seized by this infuriated nobleman. This event exhibits a deplorable specimen, on how precarious a tenure life, liberty, and property, were held under the barba- rous despotism of Baronical feudalism. In this cathedral was deposited the Lia Fail, or fatal Stone, on which the Kings of Munster were crowned. In 513, Fergus, a prince of the royal line, having obtained the Scottish Crown, requested the use of the stone for his coronation — a prophecy then prevailing, that wherever this stone was kept, the Milesian line of kings would reign a powerful monarchy. This stone remained at Scoone, until Edward the Frst removed it to Westminster Abbey, where it remains uoder the ancient Coronation-chair to this day : it is a singular circumstance, that the present royal family deri\iD their title from a daughter of James the First, lineally descended from ih'u Fergus. If this ominous stone actually possess such mystical qualities, and magnetic attractive powers,, may it never 1?0R IRELAND. 257 he removed from its present position, until time be no more ! This city was anciently encompassed with a wall, of which some; fragments, and two gates still remain : it likewise was the metropolis of the Kings of Munster. Its monastic institutions, previous to the Reformation, vtere an hospital for sick and infirm poor, founded by Sir David de Latimer, archbishop of Cashel, in honour of St. Nicholas. This hospital was forcibly united to the Cistertian abbey, about the year 1272. In 1243, a friary was founded by archbishop David Mac Kelly, dedicated to St. Dominick. An accidental fire having destroyed this monastery^ it was declared by an instrument dated at Limerick, in 1480, that all persons assisting and contributing in its re-erection, should be deemed brothers and sisters of the order, and enjoy the benefit of all masses^ prayers, sermons, vigils, and other pious deeds, performed by the brotherhood in this life, and afterwards they should inherit eternal salvation ; conditions so favourable could not fail to procure numerous subscribers. — This friary, on its suppression, was granted with all its appur- tenances, (tithes only excepted,) to Walter Fleming, in capite for ever, at the annual reilt of two shillings and six-pence Irisli currency* Hore Abbey, likewise named St. Mary's Abbey, was situated on the rock of Cashel, contiguous to the cathedral, and originally founded for Benedictines ; but David MacCarvil, the then archbishop, having dreamed that the monks conspired to behead him, he violently deprived them of all their possessions, and arbitrarily transferred them to a body of Cistertian monks, invited hither from the abbey of Millifont, in the County of Louth, This abbey, with all its possessions, in the village of Hore and elsewhere, was granted by Queen Elizabeth, to Sir Henry RadclilFe, Knight. The noble ruins of this magnificent edifice still remain, almost entire — for a minute description, consult the learned Archdars Monasticon. In the reign of Henry the Third, an abbey for Conventual Franciscans was founded by William Hacket. In 1363, several reverend brethren belonging to this abbey, were accused by Sir Robert Preston, Knight, Lord Chief Justice, of having by force of arms, cut down a quantity of timber, the property of the said Robert, and committing divers other enormities. On the culprits not appearing, the sheriff was ordered to attach them : Henry the Eighth granted this abbey, with all its possessions, on its suppression, to Edmund Butler, archbishop of Cashel, to hold in capite for ever, at the annual rent of two shilling*^ and ten-pence, Irish currency ; —this city returns one member to the United Parliament. The prospect 2 L 25S NEW traveller's GUIDE from the rock, over a most fertile tract of country, is orilv bounded by the horizon, save only where the Guahee moun- tains interpose their cloucl-capt summits. The intervening grounds are not a dead level, but gently diversified by moderate undulations, and had the hand of industry co-operated with the natural beauties of a most luxuriant soil, the environs of Cashel would exhibit a scenery, as richly ornamented as the most glowing imagination could wish to delineate. A scarcity of water must always obstruct Cashel's ever emerging from its present inferior rank, unless a canal be cut to the city, to supply this primary defect, then only it can effectually be benefited by its other local advantages. At the near end of the city, the roads from Fethard and Callen, unite on the left, and the road from Thurles joins on the right: the roads to Clon- mel, Clogheen, and Tipperary, issue from the upper extremity, on the road leading from Cashel to Clogheen : at the seventy- nine mile stone, stands the race-course; at the eighty mile stone, are situated the ruins of an old castle on the left ; at the eighty-one mile stone, lie the ruins of two old castles on the left; a cross road to the left, leads to Clonmel, and another on the right, to Golden ; on this side of the eighty-third mile stone, are the ruins of an old church to the left: at the eighty- fifth mile stone, stands the ruins of an old castle on the right. Cahier^ — Distant eighty-five miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a small neat town, pleasantly situated on the river Suir. On an island in this river, stands Cahier castle, erected by O'Connor, king of Thomond, and monarch of Ireland, before the year 1142. This castle was subdued by George Carey, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth : it was after- wards reduced by Cromwell. In the reign of king John, Geoffry de Camvil founded a priory for canons regular, of the order of St. Augustin, to the honor of the Blessed Virgin. — On the dissolution of this priory, a lease of its possessions was granted to Peter Sherlock. The road from Clonmel unites on the left; and the road from Tipperary joins on the right : this town gives the title of Baron to a branch of the noble family of Butler ; near this town is the delightful residence of Lord Cahier. At the eighty-six mile stone, a road branches off on the right, leading to Michel's-town ; on this side of the eighty- ninth mile stone, lie the ruins of an old castle to the left, and at the eighty-ninth mile stone, stands Tubered church on the left. Clogheen, already noticed, is (iistant by Cashel ninety- one miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle. On the road leading from Cashel to Tipperary, at the seventy-seven mile tciie, Mc situated the ruins of an old castle on the right. rOR IRELAND. 959 To Bdllyporeeuj by Longford-Pdss, Miles. Longford-Pass . . • — 63 Cdshel . , . . 131 76 i Cahier . • . . 8l 85i Clogheen , . 6? 91| Ballyporeen . , , 3^ 95 Parishes in the Barony of ClanmlUam, Athassel, Ballygriflln, Banshaw, Dangandargan, Killardy, Rathlinan, Religmiirry, I>onohill, Clonfialogb, Bruis, Clonbeg, ClonhuUogej, Corbally, Glanbane, Kilcorman, Kilfeacle, Lattin, Slironel, Solloghodbeg, SoUoghodmorej Templenoe, Jipperary, Cardangan, Clonpitt, Emly,^ On this side of the eighty mile stone, is situated Ballygriffin on the right, an enehanting residence, the property of Earl Clanwilliam, stretching along the banks of the Suir. Golden — is a small village, pleasantly situated on the rivei* Siiir, and distant eighty miles f^id a half from the Castle of Dublin ; here are the ruins of an old castle on the right. — - About a mile from this village, are the ruins of Athassel Abbey, founded by William Fitz-Adelm de Burke, about the year 1200. In 1319, Athassel was maliciously burned by John Fit^- Thomas, brother to Lord Maurice Fitz-Thomas. In 1329, Brien O'Brien burned Athassel to the ground : this abbey, with all its posses- sions, at its suppression, was granted in capite for ever, to Thomas Earl of Ormond, at a trifling annual rent, which was remitted by Queen Elizabeth, who confirmed the grant of Queen Mary. The ruins of this abbey, prove it to have been splendid as any monastic structure erected in this kingdom ; for a particular description of its dimensions, and architectural beauties, see Ledwidge^s learned Antiquities^ P^g^ 51^- this vicinage, to the left, stands Suir Castle, the beautiful residence of Lord Massey, delightfully situated on the southern bank of 260 JJ£W TRAVtlLLER's OUIDE the river Suir. A cross road unites on the left. At the eighty- second mile stone, on the left, is situated Thomastown, the ancient and venerable mansion of LordLandafF, encompassed by a demesne comprising twenty-two hundred English acres, richly ornamented with the finest fall grown timber : it is universally acknowledged to be the finest country s^at in Ireland; but modern improvements are so rapidly advancing to maturity, that its claim to priority will be soon disputed. Here are the I'uins of two old castles situated on the right Tipperary Town, — from which this opulent and extensive county is denominated, is apparently in a ruinous condition, and is distant eighty-six miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle. In the reign of Henry the Third, a monastery for Ere- mites, following the rule of St. Augustin, was founded here. — In 1329, this town was burned by Brien Q'Brien,- Henry the Eighth granted this monastery, with all its possessions, to Dermot Ryan, in capite for ever, at the annual rent of eight pence, Irish currency; here the roads from Clonmel and Thurles unite. A read branches off to the right, leading to Limerick ; at the eighty-nintji mile stone, stands Darner's Court, a fine residence, the property of Lord Milton ; at the ninety- second mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the left, leading to Michelstown, and the other on the right^ to Kilmallock. In a sequestered corner of this barony, on the yerge of the county, stands Emly, anciently a celebrated city, of which no traces now remain, hut the ruins of a church, some mouldering \yalls, large unhewn stone cross, and a holy well. It is supposed to have been erected into a bishoprick in the jburth century, previous to the arrival of St. Patrick, by St. Ailbe. After the arrival of St. Patrick, and the conversion of Angus MacNafric, king of Ca^hel, the church of Emly was declared the metropolitan chui'ch of Munster, which dignity it enjoyed for several centqries, until translated to Cashel, where it still remainfi. In 1123, this city was plundered by robbers, and St. Ailbe's mitre was cousumed in the flames. In 1192, it was destroyed by fire, and was afterwards rebuilt, and continued a very consideruble toyvn, down to the reign of Henry the Eighth. In 1568, the see of Emly was united to Cashel. Ballymanlagh — is a small village, distant ninety-one miles and a half ifrom the Castle of Dublin; and on this side of the ninety- four mile stone, Tipperai y County terminatcij in this direction, FOR IRELAND. 261 To Balli/manlaghj LongfordrPass Ballymoreeu Cashel . , Golden . f Tipperary . , Ballymanlagli Long ford-Pass. (Miles.) 68| 8 IGi 3k 80f 86i H 9lt Parishes in the Barony of Eliogurty^ Kilfithmone, Rathkelty, Barnanely, Boly, Burrosleigh, Callabeg, Kilcloney, Killoskehan, Moycarty, Moyne, Thurles, Adruth, Ballymurrin, Dovea, Drom, Inshianly, Lough moe, Templemore, Holycross, Leoghmackivoge. On the road passing between Longford- Pass and Cashel, at the sixty-sixth mile stone, as already noticed, a I'oad branches off on the right, leading to Thurles. At the sixty-seventh mile stone, stand the ruins of Burros Castle, situated on the left. Thurles^ — distant seventy miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a large straggling town, consisting of one long street, which is nearly divided into two equal portions by the river Suir. Here are a good market-house, a neat modern church, and a fine mansion, formerly the occasional residence of the noble family of Landaff, but now converted into a barrack ; much country business is transacted in this town, being sur- rounded by a rich, fertile, and populous country : it gave the title of Earl to the noble family of Ormond. In 1300, a mo- nastery for Carmelites or White Friars, w^as founded here by the family of Butler, the tower of which still remains, on the east side of the river, with some portions of the Cross-aisle. An unauthenticated traditionary report prevails, that a castle was erected here by the knights of St, John, of Jerusalem, but the learned author of the Monasticon, could discover no records to confirm this prevalent opinion. At the hither extremity of the town, the roads from Rathdown, Roscrea, and Nenagh, unite on the right ; from the upper end, three roads issue, that on the l^ft, running towards Cashel^ Fethard, an4 Clonmel ; the 26$ NEW traveller's GUIDE centre road leads to Holy- cross, and the third road, branching off* on the right, sweeps to Farny-BridgCt Holy-Cross^ — a desolate hamlet, is situated on the western bank of the river Suir, over which a bridge consisting of nine arches is erected, and distant seventy-three miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin. Here, on a rising ground, i^tands Holy-cross Abbey, a very venerable relic of monastic architecture. It was founded in 1169, by Donagh Carbragh O'Brien, king of Limerick, in honour of the Holy-cross, St, Mary, and St. Benedict ; the elegant lightness of its decorations cannot be exceeded, and the durability of its materials, being composed of black marble, may probably transmit this proud monument of architectural science in the 11th century, to remote posterity. The east end is so mantled with ivy, as totally to obscure the ornamental carvings of the great eastern window. The building consists of an high steeple, supported on each side by a fine Gothic arch ; on the east side is a small chapel ; and on the south is the tomb of the founder. The nave is 58 feet long, on each side of which there is an arcade, with lateral ailes. In the South-csoss, are the curious remains of a shrine, where a piece of the cross, on which Christ suffered, and presented by Pope Paschal, to Murtagh, a former monarch, %Tas pretended to have been deposited ; for a more accurate description of the dimensions and compartments of this abbey, see Ledwiche's learned A7itiquities^ page 516, or ArchdaVs Mo" nasticony page 658. Henry the Eighth granted this abbey, with all its possessions, to Sir Edmund Butler, Knight, in capitc lor ever, at the annual rent of five shillings and four-pence Irish currency. A cross road on the right leads to Burrosoleigh, and another on the left to Cashel. On this side of the seventy- fifth mile stone, the road passing from Cashel to Nenagh, crosses in a diagonal direction at the seventy-seven mile stone, a road branches off on the right, leading to Cappah ; at the seventy- eight mile stone, a cross road runs right and left ; at the eighty- one mile-ston-e, stands Dundrum on the left, the residence of Sir Maud, Bart, and the road from Nenagh unites on the right ; at the eighty- third mile stone, a road sweeps off" on the right, leading to Limerick ; at the eighty fourth mile wStone, a croBS roail runs to the right ; on this side of the eighty-sixth mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the left, leads to Tipperary, already noticed, and the other on the rightg runs toward Limerick* ton IRELAND, 963 Parishes in the Barony of Ikerin. Clonmore, KiUea^ Templeerry, Templetohy, Rathmacvcoge, Roscrea. On the mail-coach-road, passing between Dublin and Lime-' rick, Tipperary county commences at the fifty-seventh mile stone. i2o5^:rm5— Distant fifty-nine miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, is a neat thriving town ; here is a barrack for a company of foot. The church is an ancient Gothic structure, near which stands a round tower, built with square stone ; it is eighty feet high, and fifteen feet in circumference ; it was formerly a bishop- rick, which in the twelfth century, was united to Killaloe. In 1213, a castle was erected by King John in this town. Keating relates that the Danes, having collected a numerous and v/ell disciplined army from Limerick and Connaught; resolved to surprise the natives, assembled from all quarters of the king- dom, at the annual Ikir held at Roscrea, at the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, of which treacherous design, the Irish being apprised, they furnished themselves with arms; encountered the Danes, over whom a complete victory was obtained, with loss of four thousand men, and Alfin their commander. A sumptuous monastry for canons regular was founded here by St. Cronan, who died about the beginning of the seventh cen- tury. In 1490, a Franciscan friary was founded by Mubruany O'Carro], who married the daughter of O'Dempsey. This friary, with all its possessions, was granted to Thomas, Earl of Ormond, who assigned it to William Crow : here the road from Rathdowny unites on the left; two roads slope oif on the right, leading to Birr in different directions, one by Leap, and the other by Shinrone ; a cross road sweeps to the left, running towards Thurles. About three miles south east of Roscrea, on a small island, consisting of about two acres, and situated in the centre of Monela Bog, was founded the celebrated monastry of Monaincha, by the Culdean monks, under the invocation of St. Columba. The circumstance which excites inexplicable perplexity about its erection is, how the ponderous materials, of which it is constructed, could possibly be conveyed over a morass, almost inaccessible. The length of the church, is forty- four feet, by eighteen. The arches of the choir and western portalare, semicircular. The existence of this monastry in 1185, is ascertained by Geraldus Catnbrensis, who !26i K£W traveller's GUIDE was secretary to King John, when Earl of Morton. Respect- ing the attachment of the Culdees to their rehgion, and their adherence to the evangelical truth, in defiance of every opposi- tion frdm the adherents of the See of Rome — See Ledwich's learned Antiquities^ P^g® 102^ and sequel. — This abbey, with all its possessions, was granted by Queen Elizabeth, to Sir Lu- cas Dillon : at the sixty-two mile stone, the road enters the King's County, and at the sixty-eight mile stone, re-enters the county of Tipperary ; at the sixty-ninth mile stone, stands the ruins of Blane Castle on the left, and the ruins of Knockane Castle, are situated on the right. Parishes in the Barony of Upper Ormonde Kilnaneave, Latteragh, Lisbunny, Templederry, Aghnarleedle, Ballygibbon, Ballymacky, Burrosnafariiy, Kilkeary, Toomavara, Ballinaclogh, Kilmore. Toomavara^ — Distant one hundred and sixty-nine miles from the Castle of Dublin, is now a small village, which exhibits such vestiges of ancient buildings as prove, that it was formerly a place of some consequence : here are the ruins of a preceptory, founded by the Knights Templars ; at the seventieth mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right leading to Nenagh, and the other on the left, to Silvermines ; at the se- venty-first mile stone, a cross road on the left, stretches towards Cashel ; on this side of the seventy-second mile stone, the road from Cashel to Nenah crosses in a sloping direction ; at the se- venty-third mile stone^ a cross road to Castleotway, sweeps to the left ; on this side of the seventy-sixth mile stone, the road from Burros, unites on the left, and a cross road to Nenagh, branches off on the right. Silvermines^ — Distant seventy-seven miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a ruinous deserted looking village, though bearing evident marks of former population. In the stupen- duous mountains overhanging this village, rich viens of lead ore have been discovered, and for some considerable time profitably wrought : on this side of the seventy-eight mile stone, stand the ruins of Dunally Castle, situated on the left. FOR IRELAND. To Newport by Roscrea. Roscrea Moneygall Toomavara Silvcrmines Kewport Miles. 591 6Qi H 7 69j 77 9 86 Parishes in the Barony of Owen and Arra. Kilcomenty Kilmastulla^ Kilnerath, Killoscully. Kilvellane, Templejehally, Kilniilcon, Castletown, Burgesbeg, Youghall, At the seventy-ninth mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right, leading to O'Brien's Bridge, and that on the left, to Newport ; at the eighty-fifth mile stone, the road from Castle Waller unites on the left ; and a little farther on, is situated the charter school in the same direction, liberal- ly endowed by the noble family of Jocelyn. Newport^ — Distant eighty-six miles from the Castle of Dub- lin, is a neat small village, pleasantly situated by a considerable streamlet which flows into the Shannon, It gives the title of Baron to the family Jocelyn. Here is a plain church with a square steeple situated on the right ; a cross road on the left, leads to BrufF, and another on the right, runs towards Killaloc. The ruins of Derryleagh Castle stand on the left. This vicini- ty is thickly inhabited by an opulent gentry, whose improve- ments highly contribute to enliven the scenery ; at the eighty- eight mile stone, the county terminates in this direction ; on the right hand branch of the road, issuing from Toomavara, at the seventy-second mile stone, stand the ruins of Lisanisky Castle, situated on the right ; at the seventy -third mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Loixier Orm$nd. Cloghprior, Nenagh, Kilbarran, Dorrha, Aglish, Lockeen, Fenoagh, Cloghan, Monsea, 2 M 2G6 KEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE Killodiernan, Arderoney, Ferrylass, Knigh, Burrosakean, Uskean, Lorrha, Dblla, Bondhan^ Modereeny, Drominheei*. Nemaghy — Distant seventy-five miles from t)ublin Castle, is a considerably large town, agreeably situated on a river which flows into Lough Derg ; here is a fine barrack for two troops of horse ; it was formerly defended by a strong castle named Ne* nagh Round. In the year 1200, an hospital for canons observing the rules of St. Augustin, was founded here, and dedicated to St. John the Baptist. It was to be constantly open for the recep- tion of the sick and infirm. Theobald Walter, the first Butler in Ireland, liberally endowed this hospital. Queen Elizabeth grant- ed all the possessions pertaining to this hospital, to Oliver Grace for ever, for a trifling annual rent, by homage and fealty. In the reign of Henry the Third, a Franciscan friary, for con- ventual Franciscans, was founded by the Butler family : it was liberally endowed by Lord Thomas de Cantwell. In the year 1550, O'Carral consumed both the town and friary, but the garrison preserved the castle. This friary was deemed the rich- est foundation belonging to the Franciscan order in Ireland* Queen Elizabeth granted a determinable lease of this abbey, to Robert Collum, for a trifling annual rent, Irish currency. ^ cross road on the left leads to Silvermines, and another on the right runs to Burrosakean ; from the upper extremity of the town, two roads issue, that on the left, leads to O'Briens Bridge, and the other sloping off" to the right, stretches towards Killaloe. On the road passing between Birr and Nenagh, stands Burros* a.kean. To NenaJi hy Toomavara. (Miles,) Toomavara as before, - - — I 69f Nenagh, - - - 5i\ 75 BurrosaJiean, — Is a smart little village, distant eighty-one miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle ; on the road issuing on the left from Roscrea to Thurles, is situated Templemore. Templemorej — Is a neat modern well built village, distant se- venty-five miles an a half from Dublin Castle, and pleasantly situted on the banks of the Suir ; here is an elegant modern built church, with a fine spire and steeple ; adjoining the vil- fM IRELAND* 267 lage, is the elegant se^t of Sir JoKh Places where held' Ne^y Inn - - • Ardfinnan - - • Templemore Golden - - • £mly - . ■ Cahier - - Clogheen - - Glin - - - Killen - - Nenagh - - Cloneen - - Mullinahone - - Cappagh - - - Ballingarry - - Clogheen - - I Toomavara - - I Carrick-on-Suir - Dundrum - - ; Silvermines - - j Burrisillegh - - ; Feathard - - - * Newport - - - \ Roscrea - - - I Kilnockin - - - I Tipperary - - New Birmingham Burrosakean - - Templemore Cloneen - - - Jidij. Mullinahone - - - x Nenagh - - - - 4 Clonulty - - - 5 Kilfeacle - - - - 10 Graystown - - - 12 New Birmingham - 18 Cahier - - - 20 Newport - - - 21 270 NEW TRAVEELER^ GUIDE Places where held* Time. Jmy. Places where held* Time, Oct. Ballingarry 23 Tuberhanney . • 2 Cashel .... 9 Cappagh . . t . 27 Tipnerarv 10 T*Cilrnolpv 10 All Gil Npnach a. 71 V/XXCXfi^XX a » . • 10 Cloheen . • « • 1 Dundrum • • • • 12 Tyonc • • • • • T..p«;XXV/ ... 15 Croldpn x^vfxvtV/XX . a • t 26 V^CIiX X XV/X\. ^XX Kw/iXXX • . 15 CIocyhppTi v^xvyj^txv^v^xx a . . . 28 Ballyporeen . . . 21 MuUinahone . . . 28 Thurles • . • • 21 CuUen 28 - New Birniino"liani • 24 Pallis ..... 28 C^nlflpn - - - « ^^cxvxv^xx • . « . 26 Nov* 1 Sep, Npn a /rh Teniplemore • 3 Cloneen .... 1 a.^dicXi'xx • • » • 4 Toomavara ... 4 Feathard . . . • 7 Cashel ..... 3 Cashel 9 Clonmell .... 5 "Xyone . . . » . 9 Knockharding • . 7 S5l 1 VPTTTI 1 n P5J fOXJ V d llxXilvS « . • 12* New Birmingham • 10 Cahier . . • • • 18 19 Ballengarry . . . 12 Castleotway • • • 19 Clonoulty . • . • 12' Feathard • • • . 19 Cappagh .... 16 Emlv J^XX4XJ • • . • 22 A 1 /* Ardiinnan . . 19'' ^ Holy Cross . . . 24 Feathard .... Burrosakean . 26 Burnsillegh 27 ^' New Birmingham . 27 Roscrea .... 29 ■ Cappagh .... 29 Ballyclerillan . . 30 Dec. Cloghgordan . • . I FOR IRELAND. Places where held. Mullinahone Ballishane Graystown Loughlikent New Inn • Templemore Cahier , . Tipperary Clogheea . Time, Flaces ivhe're helcU Time. Dec. Dec. 2 Ballingarry . . . 11 4 Clogheen .... 12 6 Burrisfikean . . , 15 6 Cjolden . • , . 15 6 New Birmingham . 15 7 Ballyporeen . . . 17 7 Cappagh .... 21 IG Thurles .... 21 10 ' 272 NEW traveller's GUIDU COUNTY OF limerick:; The County ot* Limerick — Is bounded on the north by the river Shannon, which separates it from the county of Clare; on the north-east by Tipperary ; on the south by Cork ; and by Kerry on the west. Its greatest extent from east to west, is about forty Irish miles, and from north to south about twenty-five Irish miles. Its surface comprehends 386,750 acres, Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountains, and waste. It is divided into nine baronies ; Owneybog, Clan- william, Coonag, Small County, Coshlea, Coshma, Publeobrien, Kenry, Connillo, which last barony exceeds the other eight in magnitude. Limerick city with its liberties, constitutes a distinct county. The town and liberties of Kilmallock, enjoy distinc- tive privileges uncontrollable by county jurisdiction, nor liable to its assessments. This county contains one hundred and twen- ty-six parishes, and is thickly inhabited by a wealthy and indus- trious population. The luxuriant soil of its grazing pastures, requires in many places no artificial renovation from the assis- tance of manure or composts. The fine mold covering a light lime-stone gravelly soil, produces abundant crops of all kinds of grain, and is peculiarly adapted for rearing sheep and other light cattle. It is well watered with large and small rivers. Its most considerable collection of fresh waters is Lough Gur, and Knock-patrick is the most elevated mountain. There is a coal mine at the western extremity of the county, but turf is the fuel generally used by the inhabitants, as the bogs are conveniently situated to supply this essential article of domestic comfort. The flat grounds extending along the banks of the Shannon, are deemed the richest and most prolific in Ireland. The most elevated lands, and mountainous tracts, are situated in the ba- POR IRELAND, 273 rony of Connillo, verging on the counties of Cork and Kerry. The Palatines who settled in this county, highly contributed to its agricultural improvements, by introducing a more accurate mode of husbandry, and their descendants are a laborious and independent race of people occupied on their own farms. This county produces abundance of very fine cider. It gave the ti- tle of Earl to the family of Dongan, as it now gives that of Vis- i:ount to the family of Hamilton. To Limerick by AnnacoUy, Miles. Annacolty • . . — I 91 JLimerick . . 3 | 94 Parishes in the Barony of Coonagh, Paliccgrean, JJoon, 'J.'emplebrcdin, Ballinaclogh, Liscormuck, Toughcluggin, Cullen, Kilteel, Ulloe^ ROADS. On the Mail-coach road passing through Newport, Limerick County commences at a little beyond the eighty-eighth mile :5tone ; a little beyond the ninety mile stone, the road from Ab- ingdon unites on the left, and the road from O'Brien's Bridge joins to the right. To Limerick hy PaUis. - (MUes,) Limerick . • , • — 94 Caherconlish • . 6| lOOf Pallis . . . S'l IQQk Parishes in the Barony ef Owenbeg, Tough, Island, 3 K[ Ajingtor. On the road passing from O'Brien's Bridge to Limerick, on the eastern bank of the Shannon, is situated Castle Connel vil- lage, celebrated for its chalybeate Spa, deemed peculiarly effi- cacious in all complaints requiring ferugenous preparations. Here are the ruins of an ancient strong castle, erected upon a rock overhanging the high road, which winds round its base, and commands the navigation of the Shannon. It is supposed to have been originally constructed by Connel, a redoubted Irish chieftain. It was enlarged by the English, and entrusted to the care of De Burgo, to hold it in possession for the King. Not- withstanding its great elevation, the ascent is so gradual and commodious, that a troop of horse has been drawn up in the hall. The grandson of Brien Boroimboroe, was here treacher- ously murdered by the Prince Thomond, w^ho craftily inveigled him to his castle, under pretence of holding a conference. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, William De Burgo was created Baron of Castle Connel. In 1G90, the castle was blown up by the orders of the Prince of Hess, commanding a detachment dis- patched from Limerick to perform this service. On the road passing between Clonmell and Limerick, is situated Paliis \iU lage, distant one hundred and six miles and a half from the Cas- tle of Dublin, and twelve miles and a fourth east of Limerick ; here is a fine church ; a cross road on the left leads to Kilmal- lock, and another on the right to Cappak. The ruins of Kil- dufi Castle stand on the left ; at the nine mile stone from Li- merick, a cross road on the right, leads to Bruffe, and a little farther on, a cross road on the right, stretches towards New- port; at the seven mile stone, across road on the right, runs to Abington. In 1205, Theobald Fitz Walter, Lord of Car- ruck, and Chief Butler of Ireland, founded an abbey here for Cistertian Monks, v/ith whom it was furnished from the abbey of Savignac in France. In 1290, the abbot was fined sixty marcks for harbouring and concealing the King's enemies, the payment of which fine was made by instalments. In 1365, the abbot, having, contrary to the law and the King's Crown and dignity, molested and distressed Thomas de Kildare, tenant to certain lands held in the county of Limerick, he w^as imprisoned for this outrage ; but on the payment of a fine of 40 Shillings, he received King Edward the Third's most gracious pardon. In 1537, O'Muhian, Lord of the country, Ullick Bo^irke, of Clanrickard, and Thybot Bourke M'WiUiam, made their sub- mission, and took the oaths of allegiance before the Lord Depu- ty in this abbey. Queen Elizabeth granted this abbey with all its extensive pogscsi^ions, to Peter Walsh, in capite for ever, for rOR IRELAND* 275 n small annual rent, on condition of maintaining one horse^ Tnan on the premisses. Parishes in the Barony of Clawdilliam. Carrickpharson, Cahirelly, Castleconnel, Ballybrood, Isertlaurence, KilnagarufF, Clonkeen, Luddenbeg, Dromkecn, Rathjordan, Cahirconlisb, Rochestown. Cahirconlish^ — Is a small neat village, distant one hundred miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, and six miles and three quarters from Limerick ; here is a good church; the ruins of an old castle lie on the right: a cross road on the left, leads to Ballyneety, and another on the right to Abingtoti, On this side of the fifth mile stone, are the ruins of an old cas- tle, situated on the right ; at the fourth mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle to the right, and at the third mile stone, the road from Cork unites on the left. Parishes in the Liberties of Limerick. Cahirnary, St. Nicholas, Cahirvally, Singland, Derrygalvin, Donaghmore, Kilmurry, Knocnagaul. St. Michael, St. Munchin, Mungret, Limerick City^ — Distant ninety-four miles from the Castle of Dublin, is situated on the eastern bank of the river Shannon, and together with its liberties, constitutes a distinct county in itself; here the assizes for the county of Linierick are held, and the county representatives elected. There is an extensive bar- rack for twenty-two companies of foot ; a governor and town major regulate all local military transactions. The civil go- vernment is vested in a mayor, sheriffs, recorder, town clerk, aldermen, and burgesses. Its public edifices are elegant and commodious; the assembly rooms and theatre, are modern structures, erected in the most fashionable quarter of the city. It is an episcopal see. Vessels of 500 tuns burden may dis- charge their cargoes opposite the Custom House, though distant more than sixty miles from the sea. Linen, woollen, and pa- per manufectories are flourishingly established, and its export trade is very considerable. Its charitable institutions are well Q16 KEW TRAVELLEJl's GUIDE appointed, and regularly conducted. Its religious structav?5 are a cathedral and three parochial churches, 'besides Ro- man Catholic chapels, and meeting houses for dissenting con* gregations. About a century ago, it ranked as the second city in Ireland in magnitude and extent ; but now yields the palm of priority to the rapid augmentation of Cork, although since that period. Limerick has been steadily and progressively improv- ing. It was originally walled, and deemed the strongest for- tress in this kingdom, having the singular advantage of not be- ing commanded by adjacent heights, and is traditionally sup- posed to have been built by Yuorus, in the year 155. It was anciently much frequented by foreign merchants, and after the arrival of the Danes, its commerce was considerably improved- After the battle of Sulchoid in 970, it was plundered by Mahon, brother to Brien Boromh; after which period, Brien exacted S63 tuns of wine, as an annual tribute from the Danes of this city. A circumstance that proves the extensive traffic carried on by that enterprising people in that one article. In 1174, this city was taken by the English. It was besieged in 1642 by Treton, who was repulsed in many attacks, and his ultimate success is attributed by some historians to the internal division of the inhabitants, some of whom were attached to the pope's nuncio, others espoused the royal cause, and the third party were for yielding to the besiegers. Such are the alledged causes assigned to ensure Treton's triumph. It was subsequenrly be- sieged in 1690 by King William, v/ho withdrew his forces with- out accomplishing its reduction. In 1691, it was agam inves- ted by General Ginkle, who, after an obstinate resistance com- pelled it to surrender, on terms of capitulation liberally granted to the garrison. This city is composed of the Irish and En- gl ish town. The latter is situated on the King's Island, form- al by the river Shannon. These sections were equally fortified against a common enemy, or against each other, and were con- nected by a bridge. The streets in the old town, are narrow and gloomy. An inconvenience always observable in fortified places-, v/here personal security ingrossed the entire attention of the founders; but every eflbrt is made to improve the city, as the walls are demolished, and the gates destroyed ; and thus, the streets become better ventilated, and the inhabitants breathe a purer air. Between Ivishtown and the river Shannon, a new quarter has been erected by the exertions of Lord Perry, called after his name; the streets are spacious and regular, intersecting *^?.ch otter at right aijgles, and the houses, finished in the neat- FCm IRELAND. 277 eat stile of modern uniformity, are rapidly multiplying. This portion of the city is the favourite residence of opulence, fromi its superior advantages and conveniences. There is a privi-* lege annexed to the fair, held in this city on the 4th of August, that no person can be arrested within the precincts of the liber- ties, on any process issuing otft of the Tholsel Court of Lime- rick, for the space of fifteen days. An immunity, which is cheerfully enjoyed by all unfortunate debtors. Donaid O'Brien, King of Limerick, founded a nunnery for black nuns of the or- der of St. Augustin, dedicated to St, Peter, about the period that the English first landed in this island. Edward the Thirds granted special protection to this institution during the royal pleasure. In the reign of King John, a priory for canons re« gular of the order of St. Augustin, was founded by Simon Mi- nor, a citizen of Limerick : this prior}^, situated near Ball's Bridge, was granted, on its suppression, to Edmond Sexton^ In 1241, a Dominican friary, under the invocation of St. Sa- viour, was founded here by Donogh Carbrcach O'Brien, King of Thomond : this sumptuous monastry, had large possessions in and about the city of Limerick, all of which were granted to James Earl of Desmond, in capite, at the annual yearly rent of five shillings and two pence Irish currency. Part of the scite on which this friary stood, is converted into a tan-yard, and the other portion is occupied by a large barrack : some scattered fragments of the walls still remain. In the reign of Henry the Third, Grey-friary was founded by O'Brien, a lineal discen- dant of the Kings of Limerick and Thomond- In 137(^, Peter> bishop of Limerick, treated the friars of this institution with indignity and severity; all persons who should repair thither to hear divine service, or seek for interment within the church, having been episcopally excommunicated : this friary stood without the town wall, on whose scite the county court house is now erected, and its church has been converted into an hos- pital. Henry the Eighth, granted this friary on its suppres- sion, wiih all its possessions, to Edmond Sexton, in capite for ever, at the annual rent of two shillings and twc-jx^nce Irish currency. In the tiiirteenth century, an Augu^^tinlan friary, called tile House of the Blessed Virgin JNiary, and of the Holy Cross, was founded by O'Brien, a descendant of the Kings of Limerick and Tliomond, according to Bruodin's History cf Ireland, printed at Prague in 1668. No. traces of this friary now exist: about the middle of the sixth century, St. Munchin, erected a church, and founded the bishoprick of Limerick ; thjyj KEW TKAVEXLEr's GUlDfi ehurcii was destroyed by the Danes, on their obtaining posses- sion of the port in the year 853, and thus it remained in ruins, until these fierce conquerors were converted to the Christian faith about the tenth century, at which period, the church was repaired, and the bishoprick re-estabUshed : about the close of tlie twelfth century, the bishopric of Inis-Cathy, was united to the see of Limerick; and in 1663, the sees of Ardfert and Ag- hadoe, wei'^ annexed to Limerick. This city returns one mem- ber to the United Parliament* On the road passing between Limerick and Kilmallock ; a little beyond the two mile stone from Limerick, are the ruins of an old castle on the right; and a cross road to Cashel, sweeps off to the left ; beyond the six mile stone, the road to Fedamore branches to the right, and the ruins of Rochestown Castle, are situated on the right ; at the seven mile stone, a road to Feda - more, runs to the right. To Limerick hy Kilmallock. Limerick Six-mile Bridge BrufF, distant from Dublin, by Limerick Kilmallock (Miles.) — I 94? 8 102 105 110 ParisJtes in the Barony of Small County. Ballyscadden, Aney, Ballinamona, Ballinard, Bally cloghy, Cahercorney, Hospital, Kilfrush, Kilkellane, Kilpeacon. Athenassy, Fedamore, Glenogra, Six-mile Bridge^ — Distant one hundred and two miles* from* the Castle of Dublin, and eight from Limerick, is a small vil- lage, pleasantly situated on the river Maig ; at the nine mile stone, is situated Lough Gur on the left ; a little farther on, a crosis road on the right, leads to Fedamore, and another on tb^ left, runs to Newport, TOR IRELAND. To Kilmalloclc hy Ahingion. Abington • • — j 91 Bniff' - - 12 I 103 Kilniallock - " ^\ \ 107t Parishes in the Barony of Coshma. Atlinet, BrufF, Disert, Drihidtrasna, Effin, Kilbreedy-major, Kilbreedy-minor, Kilniallock, Tankardstown, Tullabracky, Adarc, Atlilacca, Croom, Dromin, Uregare, At the ten mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Fe- damore. Bniffl — Distant one hundred and three miles from the Castle of Dublin, and eleven from Limerick, is a smart little village, situated on a streamlet which flows into the river Maig. A crohs road on the left, leads to Tipperary : at the twelve mile stone, are situated the ruins of Ballygrenan Castle on the left ; at the thirteenth mile stone, lie the ruins of an old cluirch, situated on the left, and a road to Newcastle, sweeps off on the right. The intervening distance between Limerick and BrulF is beautifully diversified with gentlemen's fine country seats, and the road thickly speckled with hamlets and cottages, all along to Kit- znaliock. Parishes in the Barony of Coshlca, Balhngarry, Ballingaddy, Gal bally. Long, Duntrileague, Kilfinnan, Ballinlondry, Emlygrennan, Kilbehenny. On the road leading from Cashel to Kilniallock, Limerick County commences at the ninety-fifth mile stone; at the ninety- sixth mile stone, a cross road on the left, leads to Micheistow*?, ; at the ninety- seventh mile stone, stands the village of Knock- long; a cross road to the left, leads to Kilfinnan village, where a charter school w^as erected, at tiie private expence of Roberr Oliver, Esq. sufficiently commodious for the accommodation 2S0 KEW TIIAVELLER*S 6UJDE twenty children. At the one hundred mile stone, lie the ruins of an old castle on the left. Galhally Village^ — situated at the foot of Slieve Riag, in this Barony. A monastery for Grey-friars, was founded by the O'Brien family. The fragments of its extensive ruin« still ex- isting, indicate its former splendor and magnificence. Henry the Eighth granted this monastery, with all its possessions, to John of Desmond, in capite for ever, at the annual rent of four-pence, Irish currency. Kilmallock^ — Distant one hundred and seven miles and a half from the Ca?^tle of Dublin, and sixteen miles from Limerick, is situated on the river Maig, Though now in a ruinous condition, it made a conspicuous figure in the military annals of Irish war- fare. It wi^LS formerly a walled town, whose remains, together with the shells of many strong castles still exist, of which de- scription of habitations, this town seems to have been originally constructed. This town, with its extensive liberties, enjoyed dis- tinctive municipal privileges, and constituted a county in itself. In its present fallen state from its ancient splendor, it cannot be supposed, that its impoverished inhabitants, possess sufficient intelligence to assert their chartered rights, or comprehend the encroachments which gradually sapped their elective franchise, and reduced them to their present indigent condition and poli- tical insignificence ; but the misery or happiness of many corpo- rations in this kingdom, depended on the caprice of their pa- trons, like the vassals of an absolute monarchy, some were che- ] ished, while others were studiously oppressed, lest competency procured by industry, might generate a spirit of resistance to a petty usurpation, selfishly engrossing, and basely prostituting the liberty of the community for personal aggrandisement ; how- ever, retributive justice avenged this illiberal policy, as the act of I^nion expunged the mock representation of decayed and rot- ten boroughs from the catalogue of those corporations selected for opulence and population, to retain the chartered rights of the elective franchise. The individual was remunerated proportion- ably to the extent of his influence, but his political consequence, Avith that of his posterity, is extinguished for ever. From the various ruins of ancient magnificent edfices this desolate w^reck of former grandeur new exhibits, it is not unaptly denominated the Irish B^dbcck. In 159B, it v/as invested by the Irish, but the Earl of Orrnond compelled them to relinquish the siege. In the rebel- lion of 1641, the possession of this town was sharply contended for by the insurgents, v>^hose exertions were baffled by the vigi- Itikrice and militaiy talents of the Lord President C^rcv/. Here FOR IRELAND. is a round tower. It gave the title of Viscount to the family of Sarsfield. An abbey for regular canons was founded here by St. Mocheallog, who died about the year 656 : it is now convert- ed into a parochial oliurch. In 1291, a Dominican friary is iraditionalJy reported to have been founded by Gilbert, second son of John of Gallen, Lord OfFaley. Thomas, eldest son of James, Earl of Desmond, died of a wound received at Kilma!^ lock, in this abbey. Queen Eh'zabeth granted this friary, with all its appurtenances to the sovereign, brethern, and connnonal- ty of the town, in free soccage for ever. The remaining frag- ments of this monastery evince the elegance of the structure. This town returned two members to the Irish Parliament previ- ous to the Union ; at the near end of the town, the roads from Clogheratefoy and Kilfinnan, unite on the left; a road issues oji the left, leading to Michelstown, and another to the right, runs to Limerick, as already described ; a road branching from the upper extremity of the town, stretches towards Charleville ; about two miles and a half from Kilmallock, on the verge of the county, stand the ruins of Cragane Castle : the road issuing from limerick, on the south, towards Kerry, forks into two branches at the two mile stone, that on the left, leading to Adair, and the other on the right, to Askeyton ; at the three mile stone, is situ- atc(J the village of Loughmore ; at the five mile stone, standi^ Patrick's Well, a long straggling hamlet ; here a cross road runs to the right, and a little farther on, another on the left, lead^ to Croom. Parishes tii the Barony of Pobleohrien and Kt nrij. Killeedy, Crecorah, Kildecmo, Kilkeady, Killaliathan, Ardcanny, Ballycahan, Monasternenagh, Kilcornan. Adair^—An ancient town, but now a sequestered and almost a deserted village, is distant one hundred and two miles from the Castle of Dublin, and eight miles from Li- merick. It is delightfully situated on the river Maig navi- gable for large boats, and smoothly gliding under an anti- que bridge consisting of nine arches. On the bank of the river, stands one of Earl Desmond's formidably strong Castles, rising in majestic grandeur from the brink of the river, which flowed into the ancient fosse. Its stately bat- tlements now overhung with ivy nearly to the water edge, exhibit a striking contrast of solitude to the bustle of arm- ed warriors, by whom they w ere formerly so rigorcu:5ly guard- 2 o 282 KEW traveller's GUIDE ed. This castle, in the rebellion of the year 1641, was reduced by the Queen's forces : the monastic institutions es- tablished in this town, previous to the Reformation, were a Trinitarian Friary, founded by John Earl of Kildare, in the reign of Edward the first, for the redemption of Christain captives : Queen Elizabeth granted this Friary with all its possessionsj to Sir Henry Wallop, Knight, in free and common soccage for ever, on condition of maintaining two able horse-men on the premisses, and provided no por- tion of the land should be alienated, forfeited, or transferred to the Irish ; some large fragments of this Friary still re- main. The steeple is supported by a plain arch, the nave and choir are small and plain ; the entrance is by a low gate on the western side, still remaining. Augustinian Friary situ- ated on the south side of the river, v»^as founded in the year 1315, by John Earl Kildare, son of Thomas, sur- named Nuppagh, or the ape, from the following incident. Being an infant when his father and grand father were slain by the MacCarties, on the first intimation of so calamitous a disaster, the attendants in a fit of consternation, flew out of the castle, forgetful of the child left alone in the cradlf*, of whose absence a baboon or ape kept in the family, took ad- vantage, seized the infant, and carried it to the top of the castle, and after having for some time paraded it round the battle- ments, before the astonished spectators deliberately decended and laid it in the cradle. In grateful rememberance of this child's marvellous preservation, the Dukes of Leinstsr, the Li- neal descendants of Thomas, continue to bear moiikies for their supporters and crest. The ruins of this friary are entirely mantled with iVy ; the cloisters, still in great preservation, are supported by low slen- der columns tastefully ornamented ; the steeple, raised to a con- siderable elevation, is light and slender, tapering towards the battlements. This abbey, with all its possessions, was granted, at its suppression, to Sir Henry Wallop, Knight, on the same tenure, terms and conditions, as the property pertaining to the Trinitarian Abbey. In the year 1465, the Grey Friary was founded in the west part of the town, by Thomas, Earl of Kildare, and Joan, his wife's daughter, by James, Earl of Desmond. A square lofty steeple is the only remaining vestige of this once splendid edifice ; the possessions pertaining to this friary, wi^re also granted to Sir Henry Wallop, Knight. The surrounding country in this vicinity, is perhaps the finest gracing ground \n FOR IRELAND. 285 this kingdom, abounding in rich and luxuriant pastures, and atfbrding a profusion of enchanting and romantic prospects. A road unites on the right ; at the nine mile-stone, a cross road on the right, stretches towards Castle-town; at the ten mile- stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right sweeps towards Shanagolden, and the other on the left, leads to Rathkeale. Here stand the ruins of Graanebue Castle situated on the right, near which are the ruins of an old church, and another old castle ; on this side of the twelve mile-stone, a cross road runs to the right, and another on the left leads towards Ballingarry ; a little farther on lie the ruins of Amigan Castle on the left ; at the thirteen mile-stone, stands the race course, and there a cross road on the right. Parishes in the BarouTj of Conillo. Clonskeere, Cloonagh, Croagh, Dundonnel, Kilbroderan, Kilcoleman, Killeedy, KiUcannel, Lismakeery, JLoghill, Mahounagh, Monegay, Nantinan, Newcastle, Rathkeal, Rathronan, Abbey-feale, Askeyton, Ballingarry, Bruree, Cloncagh, Cloncoragh, Clonelty, Corcomohidej DronicuUiher, Killaliathan, Kilfergus, Killineedy, Kilmoylanj Morgans, Shangolden, Tomdeely, Ardagh, Kilmeedyj Rathkeal^ — Distant one hundred and eight miles from the Castle of Dublin, and fourteen miles from Limerick, is agree- ably situated on the river Deel ; although now a poor decayed village, it was formerly a corporation, and a place of consi- derable consequence, as it obstinately and successfully resisted various assaults of the English army, in the course of the rebellion which convulsed this infatuated Island in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. A priory for Augustin canons of the order of Aoacia under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, was founded here by a person of the name of Harve ; they ruinous fragments of this priory still exist. At the hither end of the town, the road from Ballingarry, unites on the left; a cross road on the right, winds along the northern bank of the river Deel towards Askeyton, A lit- NEW traveller's GUIDE ^le beyond the fifteenth mile-stone, a cross road on the rights sweeps along the southern bank of the river Deel, towards As- key ton. At the sixteenth mile-stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right, leading to Athcal ; and the other en the left, proceeding to Abbey-feale ; here stands the ham- let of Coiitmatress, and the ruins of Ballyalenon Castle are si- tuated on the left, Neivcasile^ — Distant one hundi*ed and fourteen miles nnd a half from the Castle of Dublin, and twenty miles from Lime- rick, is agreeably situated on the river Deel. It is a neat hand- some town, consisting of a large square, on the north side of which are situated the market-house, and assembly rooms; and on the south side, stands the church, an elegant mpderu structure erected at the private expense of Lord Courtenay. Here the Knights Templars founded a religious estabUshment, a great many of whom were treacherously slaughtered by the Irish for some imaginary offence, which so exasperated the vindictive fury of this irritable and semi-barbarous people a&< provoked tliem to perpetrate so foul and so horrible a crime. One of the castles erected by this fraternity is now new modeled and repaired for the residence of Lord Courtenay's agent. The road from Charleville unites on the left ; a cross road on the left, leads to Mallow, and another on the right, runs towards Athcal. The intervening distance between Newcastle and Abbey -feale, is wild, mountainous, and desolate, where only the poor village of Coolvakenny^ — Distant one hundred and eighteen miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and twenty-four miles and a half from Limerick diversifies the dreary uniformity of this solitary waste. To Ahhey-feale hy LimericJi\ Limerick, Loughmore, , Patricks-well, Adair, llathkeal, Newcastle, Coolnakenny,^ Abbey-feale, (Miles ) 94? 3 97 2 99 3 102 6 108 114^- 4 \uk 5 Abbey-feale^ — Is a smart sprightly village, distant one hun- rOR IRELAND. 285 cl red and twenty-three miles and a half from the Castle of Dub- lin, and thirty miles from Limerick, pleasantly situated on the river Feale. — In the year 1188, an abbey for Cistertian monks was founded here, of which no farther notice is taken by the learned author of the Monasticon, as it may be confidently pre- sumed, from the want of authentic records to elucidate any far- ther investigation. Here the road forks into two branches ; that on the right sweeps along the northern bank of the river Feale to Listowel ; and the other on the left, leads to Castle- Island. Contiguous to this town are the ruins of Port Castle on the left ; and a little beyond the thirty-ojie mile-itone from Li-- merick, the county terminates in this direction ; on the road be- tween Limerick and Askeyton, near the third mile-stone, stand t^ie ruins of Mungret Abbey on the left, supposed to have been founded in the fourth century before the arrival of St. Patrick in Munster ; but whoever may have been the founder, St. Pa- trick placed St. Nessan in this abbey, who died in the year 551. St. Manchin of the Dalgais race, and nephew to Bloid, king of Thomond, was constituted abbot of this monastery, who for his exemplary piety, and his extensive learning, was selected by St. Patrick to undertake the instruction of his new converts in the province of Coniiaught ; this St. Manchin was afterwards consecrated the first bishop of Limerick. This abbey was fre- quently plundered and destroyed by the Danes. In the year 908, Cormac MacCuUenan Arch-bishop of Cashel, and King of Mun- ster beqeuathed three ounces of gold, an embroidered vest, and his blessing to this abbey. In the year 934, it was consumed by fire, and at a subsequent period, it nearly shared a simi- lar fate. In the year 1088, Donal MacLochlin, with his Ulster forces, destroyed this abbey. The psalter of Cashel pom- pously details the different ))ioiis occupations of a prodigious number of eclesiastics collected within its walls, of whom 500 were learned preachers, 600 psalmists, and 500 exclusively occu^ pied in spiritual exercises : it is marvellous to believe, where sa many eloquent orators could procure congregations in a country desolatod by intestine divisions, and unmercifully persecuted by the ferocious and unrelenting Dane. According to this ligendary tale, this abbey possessed the power of reproduction after all its disasters, and phoenix iike, was re-animated from the ashes into which it was so frequently consumed; or to what purpose was this waste of eloquence expended, when it neither arrest- ed ^the barbarity of either natives violence, or the invader's outrage. The success of Orpheu's melody is more rationally ex- plained in Pagan authors than this imaginary refinement is. 2S6 NEW traveller's GUIDE supporte Killaloe 86 Broadford . . 9| Tulla . . . 6| 102 Spancell Hill . . . 5^ 107| Etnnis • • . • • • -1 111 Innistymond 9 . 12^ 1231, Tull Killeymer, Kilmihill, Kilmurry, Killofin. A road runs from Clare, to Kilrush, through the wild moun- tainous and barren district of Cianderlagh Barony. At tha distance of one mile from Clare, are the ruins of an old castle* to the right. A little beyond the sixth mile stone, are situated Redgate Inn, and the ruins of an old castle to the right. At the tenth mile stone^ are the ruins of Kildysert castle, to the left ; a little beyond the fourteenth mile stone, stand the ruins of an old castle to the right ; at the seventeenth mile stone, stands Kilmurry church ; at the twenty -first mile stone, are the ruins of a castle, and a church to the right ; at the twenty- fifth mile stone, stands Kilrush, already noticed ; a road runs to the right towards Loop Head Light House. Iniscathy Island is situated in the mouth of the Shannon, where a monastery was founded by St. Patrick, over which he placed St. Sinan ; there were eleven separate churches erected here for monastics. 'The ruins of seven are still visible ; here is a round tower, one hundred and twenty feet high. For a long time previous to t}>e Reformation, no women were permitted to reside on this island. It was frequently plundered by the Danes. The other round towers in this county are one at Drumkleeve, one at Dyserr, and one at Kilneboy ; Mr. Button in his Statistical Survey of this county, enumerates one hundred and eighteen strong castles erected in the different baronies, both by the natives and sub- jiequently by the English settlers, with a similar view of personal protection against predatory incursions, in the turbulent ages, which required such indispensible precautions. The same en- lightened author ingeniously conjectures, that the dififerent raths in this district, partly composed of earth and round stones, were designed as a defence against the nocturnal d«pradations of the prowling wolves, which sallied in quest of prey from the vast forests of this island ; and the low defenceless situation of many raths, placed at the foot of commanding eminences^ throws a. strong appearance of probability on this singular opinion, though some situated on lofty hills, might be occasionally usecl for military stations and a temporary encampment 300 NEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE A Table of Fairs held in every month of the year. Places wliere held. Miltonmalbay Bunratty . . Jervestowli Holy Island New Market Killaloe . Ennis . • Doonbeg . . Cooreclare Clonroad . . Callaghan's Mill kilrush . • Rosmanagher Ardsallas • . Tulla . . . Innistymond • Kilmurrybricken Kilmichael Kilkisheen Jasperspond • Brodagh . . Kildisart . . Kilmurry . . Macmahon Currofin . . Kilclaren . . Time, Jan. Feb. 1 3 Moyarta Kilfenora Mar. 28 Apr. 16 19 20 24 May 2 6 8 8 10 10 12 13 15 17 19 19 19 20 22 24 24 26 31 June 1 2 Places where held, Balliket • . Bunratty . . Cooreclare Claretown Holy Island . Killaloe . . Tulla . . Morerace . . Bridgetown . Kilnena . . Rosmanaher . Dromore • . Toomgraney . Milltown Malbay Broadford Spancelhill Balliluden Callaghan's Mill Balliket . . . Cratilow . . . Johnswell . . . Moyarta . . . Quin . . . • O'Brien's Bridge Doonbeg . . . Enagh .... Clonroad . Ardsallas , Brodagh . Balliket . Moyarta . Spancelhill Innistymond Kiljjnurrybricken Time, June 3 3 4 5 7 8 8 8 10 11 15 17 17 20 21 23&24 24 27 July 4 5 5 5 7 25 26 31 Aug. 1 12 15 17 19 20 22 25 FOR IRELAND. 301 Places where held* Time, Aug. Newmarket . • • 25 Kildisart • . ^ • 27 Kilkishen • . . • 31 Sep. Ennis • • • « • 3 Killaloe • • • . 3 1 ulla 4 H'Osmanaher • • . 12 Dromore , , » • 26 Turlogh m 0 e 29 Oct. Tulla 1 Jervestown . • . 2 Doonbeg • • • • 8 Kilfenora • • • « Q jKilmichael • • • 9 Toomegranev . . 10 Kilrush • . • • 12 Clonroad .... 13& Rosmanaher . . . 16 Milltown Maibay • 18 Killaloe .... 20 Places where held. Time. Oct. Cooreclare ... 20 Bunratty • « • • 20 Quin • • . . • 31 Nov. O'Brien's Bridge 7 Clare 11 CaUaghan's Mill . . 14^ Broadford . . . 21 Curronn .... 22 Ballyluden • • 24' Bridgetown . . . Jasper's Pound . 25 26 Dec. Balliket .... 1 Kilclaran .... 2 Clonroad .... Siv-milp T^rifliFP HTii rl 00*11 ni orp Doonbeg .... 16 Enagh 17 Newmarket . . . 20 Kilkishen .... 22 30'1 NEW traveller's GUIDE COUNTY OF KERRY. The County of Kerry — Is bounded by the Shannon on the north west, which separates it from the county of Clare, by Limerick on the north east, by Cork on the south east, and by the Atlantic on the west; its greatest extent^ from north to south is about fifty-three Irish miles, and from east to west forty- one Irish miles. Its soil is as diversified as its surface is irregular, some particular spots being very fruitful and equally adapted for tillage or for pasture, but a great portion of the county m dreary, desolate, mountainous, and uninhabitable. The air is sharp and wholesome ; it comprehends a great extent of that territory formerly called Desmond ; its surface comprises 647,650 acres, including bogs, mountains, and wastes, which are distributed into eight baronies ; — Traghticonnor, Tl'oughan- acmy, Magunihy, Clanmorris, Dunkerron, Iveragh, Clane- rought, Corkguinny, which contain eighty-four parishes. The altitude of some of its mountains envelops their summits iji al- most perpetual fogs. The southern baronies abound with iron, lead, and copper ore. Its principal rivers are the Blackwater, Feal, Gale, Brick, Cushin, Mang-lea, Flesk, Laune, Carrin, Fartin, Inney, and Roughty; the most celebrated medicinal waters discovered in this county, are the Killarney, Iveragh, Fells-well, Dingle, Castlemain, and Tralee Spas, besides the saline spring, which flows near Mahirebeg. This countj^ pro- duces rare plants particularly noticed by Doctor Smith, in hli liistory of Kerry, and scientifically classified, and arranged ia Doctor Wade's valuable catalogue of Irish indegenous plants. FOR IRELAND^ 303 The lake of Killarney situated in this district, is so conspicu- ously distinguished for its boundless profusion of unrivaled beauties, and exhaustless variety of diversified rural sceneryj which attract universal admiration, that a concise sketch of its most prominent features will be subjoined to the description of this county, with the view to direct such enlightened visitors as may be ar^xious to indulge a minute investigation of the grand operations of nature, so unequivocally displayed in the forma- tion of the stupenduous masses, which environ these enchant- ingly romantic lakes. The Kerry Pebbles are held in high estimation. It giveis the title of Earl to the family of Fitz- maurice. Parishes in the Barony of TVoghticonnov* Kilconly, Kilnaghtin, Listowel, 4.ghavallen, Knockanure, Murhir, Galey, Liseltin, Killahiny. Tarbret^ — Distant an hundred and twenty-four miles from Dublin Castle, and thirty miles from Limerick, is an handsome small village ; here is a charter school which was liberally en- dowed by Doctor James Leslie, Bishop of Limerick; opposite the town stands a small island in the Shannon, which has a commodious road, and harbour, where vessels either bound forj or sailing from Limerick, are safely sheltered in tempestuous weather. In the reign pf James the First, the seigniory of Tar- bret was granted to Patrick Crosbie, Esq. on condition of his protecting several Irish families, transplanted there from the King's county ; Pierce Crosbie sold this estate to Alderman Dominick Roche of Limerick, from whose family it was pur- chased by Lord Clare, who forfeited it for his attachment to James the Second ; at the revolution it fell to the possession ^ the family of Leslie. At the thirty-two mile stone from Lime* rick, stands Kilfergus church on the left. Ballylonsford — is a small village, distant an hundred and twen- ty-eight miles from Dublin Castle, and thirty-four from Limerick; here a plain neat church is erected ; within half a mile's distance of this village, are situated the extensive ruins of Lislatin Abbey founded in 1^64, by O'Connor, Prince of Kerry, for Franciscan Friars. This Abbey on its suppression was granted to Sir Edward Denny, at a trifling annual rent, Irish currency; the steeple, choir, and other parts still remain. On this side of the thirty-eight mile stone, a road on the right leads to Cashen Ferry. 304 NEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE Lislowel — Distant an hundred and thirty-one miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, and thirty-seven miles from Lime- rick, is a smart little town, pleasantly situated on the river Feale ; near this town stand the ruins of a castle, which was the last that held out for the Lord of Kerry against Queen Elizabeth. In 1 600 itwas subdued by Sir Charles Wilmot, who put the garrison to the sword, with the exemption of one solitary victim, St. Dermot M'Brodie, a priest, rescued from indiscriminate carnage, for hav- ing basely prostituted his honour for the preservation of his worth- less carcase, by betraying the retreat where the infant child, only five years old, of the unfortunate Lord Kerry, was privately con- veyed, previous to the surrender of the Castle ; and for whose dis- covery. Sir Charles made many fruitless searches, until the faithless priest, on the specified conditions, conducted the scouts selected for this service to a solitary cave situated in the recesses of a gloomy forest, distant about six miles from the Castle, wherethechild was concealed by a faithful domestic. This important treasure, along with its protectress and the traitor, were immediately transmitted to the Lord President, of whose subsequent fate, no farther intimation is given by Smith, in his Iiistory of Kerry. The existing fragments of this massy pile, which attest its former greatness, are a gate house flanked by two immense round towers. Here the road from Abbeyfeale unites on the left; at the forty-two mile stone, the road forks into two branches ; that on the left leading to Castle Island, and the other on the right to Ardfert and Tralee; at the forty-three mile stone are the ruins of an old church, situated on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Clanmorris. Ardfert, Ratass, Finuge, Kilmqily, Ballyheigh, Rattoo, Kilcarragh, Kilshinane, Killaghin, Disert, Kilfeighny, Kiltoomy, Killury, Duagh, Kilflin, At the forty-four mile stone from Limerick, are situated the ruins of Lixnaw Castle, on the banks of the river Brick ; it was the celebrated residence of the Earls of Kerry, which made so conspicuous a figure in the Desmond rebellion, furious- ly fomented by that unfortunate and refractory nobleman, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Here are two bridges constructed over the river, the oldest of which was erected by the third Baron of Lixnaw, who made a passable cause- way through these heretofore impenetrable morasses. On this 303 side of the forty-seven mile stone, stands Abbeydorney Hamlet, where a cross road on the right leads to Cashen Ferry, and ano- ther on the left, stretches towards Tralee ; on this side of the forty-nine mile stone, a cross road on the left runs to Tralee. ToArdfretby Tarbret. (Miles.) Tarbret, — 124 Ballylongfor.d, . . . . 4 128 Listowel, 6| 134t Ardfert, 10 114| Ardfert — Distant an hundred and forty-four miles and a half from Dublin Castle, and fifty-miles from Limerick; although now a ruinous and decayed village, w^as an Episcopal See, supposed to have been founded about the fifth century by St. Ert, and was successively governed by its own Bishops, until the year 1663, when it was united to the Bishopric of Limerick. In the sixth century, St. Branden founded a sumptuous abbey here ; in 1089, both the town and abbey were consumed by fire. In 1151 Cormac O'Culen destroyed the town and abbey; in 1179, this abbey was utterly demolished in the ungovernable fury, and desolating hostility of the petty warfare incessantly waged by contending chieftains; in 1253, Thomas Lord Kerry founded an abbey for Conventual Franciscans, very probably on the scite of the original abbey, the date of whose foundation is engraven over the great gate; in 1309, the Prior of this ab- bey brought an action of trespass before Sir John Wogan, Lord Justice of Ireland at Castledermot, against the Bishop of Ai^dfert and his subordinate clergy, for having forcibly rescued the corpse of John de Gantelape from the reverend fraternity of this abbey, and otherwise mal-treating them, in order to inter it elsewhere, the Bishop having at the same time, prohibited all persons, under the penalty of excommunication from supplying the holy fathers with any necessaries, either through charit- able motives, or for pecuniary considerations ; w^hereupon the Bishop and his chapter were arrested, their goods and chattels were distrained, and the money arising from the sale, was direc- ted to be paid into the hands of the Lord Justice, on the day next succeeding the feast of St. Pet?r, ad vincula. This abbey was the cemetery, where the remains of the puissant Knights of Kerry were formerly deposited} and was highly esteemed by th« credulous multitude, for the imaginary miracles supposed BOG NEW traveller's GUIDE have been wrought by juggling impostures. In the church the figure of St. Branden, boldly sculptured in alto relievo; the ruins of this splendid structure still remain entire, contiguous to which stood a round tower 120 feet high, deemed the finest in Ireland, which fell in 1771 ; the church was utterly demolish- ed in the rebellion of 1641. Lord Glandore, created Viscount Ardfert in 1771, has a delightful residence in the vicinity of this village ; it was a borough previous to the Union, return- ing two members to the Irish Parliament. A cross road on the left, leads to Castle Island, and another on the right runs to- wards Cash en Ferry ; the direct road issues to Tralee : beyond this village, the great promontory called Kerry, or Ballyheigh head, majestically towers over the turbulent Atlantic Ocean, whose impetuosity it arrests, to ensure a safe refuge for the sea beaten mariner in the tranquil bosom of Tralee bay* To Dingle hy ListouoeL Listowel distant by Abbeyfeale, Kilflin, .... Tralee, .... Bracklowen Inn, Lispole, . . . • Dingle, .... (Miles.) ISIJ 71 I38i 51 158i 4? 162i 166 Parishes in the Barony of Trouglianacmy. Ballycuslan, Ballymacelligot, Brosna, Castle Island, Clogherbrinn, Currens, Disert, Killinterna, Kilgarry lander, Killorglin, Kiltalla, Nohoval, Obrennan, Rattass, Tralee, Ballinahaglish, Kilcoleman. Tralee^ — distant one hundred and forty-four miles and a half from Dublin Castle, and forty-eight miles from Limerick, is pleasantly situated at the bottom of Tralee bay, on the bank ot the little river Leigh. It is the shire and assizes town of the county; it was incorporated in 1612, by James the First, it is governed by a provost, burgesses, common council, and a town clerk ; the provost is clerk of the market, justice of the peace, 4iud quorum throughout the county, during the period oi hi<9 ton RELAND. 307 office ; he is invested with the power of holding a tholsel-court on every thursday. A square stands in the centre of the town, of which the goal and court-house form one side; the remain- ing sides consist of private dwellings, interspersed with well assorted shops. There were formerly four strong castles erected in this town, one of which only now remains, which was the chief residence of the Earls of Desmond, wherein they exercised their jurisdiction, during the continuance of the palatinate, which was extinguished on the attainder of this ancient and noble family, and a grant of a large estate, formerly the Desmond property, was made by Queen Elizabeth, to Sir Edward Denny. In 1579, Sir Henry Danvers, with justices Meade and Charters^ were inhumanly murdered in this castle by Sir Jolm, of Desmond, the Earl's brother, for the allcdged offence of Sir Henry's presuming to hold a session of goal delivery, within the jurisdiction of Desmond's palatinate. This foul deed contributed to precipitate the destruction of this family, which was effectually accomplished soon after. In a monastery for Dominican Friars, under the invocation of the Holy-cross, was founded here by the Lord John Fitz- Thomas, w^ho, together with his son Maurice, was slain by MacCarthy More in 1261, at Callen, in the principality of Desmond, where eight barons, fifteen knights, and multitudes of inferior quality shared the unhappy fate of their leaders. No traces of this ancient abbey now remain. The knights of St. John of Jerusalem had an hospital in this country. The parish church is a plain and commodious structure, furnished with a neat gallery. This town was destroyed in the rebellion of 1641 : it also suffered severely in the wars carried on in Ireland, in the time of James the Second. The entrance into Tralee-bay, is between two small islands called the Sampler Isles. It is not inuch frequented by vessels, being rather shallow at low water; but vessels of light burdens can sail up to the town at high water. Prodigious quantities of herrings are taken in this bay in the fishing season. On one side of the bay, there is a fine chalybeate spring, flowing from a small bank of yellow clay, mixed with gravel. Tralee returns one member to the Imperial Parliament, The roads from Castle Island and Killarney, unite on the left; two roads issue from this town, one leadino- to Castlemaine, and the other to Dingle ; on this side of the fifty-one mile stone, are situated the ruins of Anagh church on the right. SOS .KEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE 7b Castlcmaine^ by Tratee. Castlemaine , • , . | 152| Parishes in the Barony of Corkaguinvy. Armagh, Kilguane, Garfinagh, Ballinacoutiy, Kinnard, Kildrum, Ballinvohir, Stradbally, Minard, Dunorling, Ventry, Ballydufl^ Killeiny, Cloghane, Dingle, Kilgobbin, Dunquin, Marhir. Kilmelchedor, At the fifty-six mile stone, a cross road from Castlemaine iinites ©n the left, and Kilgobbin church is situated on the right ; at the sixty-two mile stone is situated Bracklowne Inn ; and the road from Killarney unites on the left : on this side of ths sixty-five mile stone, lie the ruins of Minard castle to the left. Dingle^ — distant one hundred and sixty-six miles from the Castle of Dublin, and seventy miles from Limerick, is plea- santly situated at the bottom of a bay of the same name : it has a barrack for a company of foot. Several of the houses are built in the old Spanish fashion, with ranges of stone bal- cony vrindov/s ; this town, having been formerly frequented by vessels from that nation, for the double purpose of traffic and fishing : it is deemed the most w^estern town in Ireland. It was formerly a place of very considerable trade, and still preserves some feeble remnant of its ancient splendid commerce, in a limited export of beef, butter, corn, and hnen; its civil goven- ment is vested in a sovereign. It was incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, who conferred on it similar privileges with those enjoyed by Drogheda, with a superiority over the harbours of Ventry and Smerwick ; which grant was confirmed by King James the First, who renewed the privileges. All the surround- ing country was formerly possessed by the family of Hussey, to whom it had been granted by one of the Earls of Desmond. The parochial church, dedicated to St. James, is supposed to have been erected by the Spaniards : it was originally a very splendid structure, a great portion of wliicU hj^s mouldered TOR IRELAND. 809 into ruins : that part called St. Mary's chapel, being only kept in repair for divine worship. In 1580, a strong castle was erected here, the vaults of which are now converted into a prison. A monastery was founded here, which was a cell attached to the abbey of Killeagh, situated near Castlcmaine : It was a borough previous to the Union. Dingle Harbour is about a quarter of a mile wide at the entrance, but gradually enlarges as it recedes from the projecting points, called Benbeg and Benbane. There are soundings of from twelve to thirty feet water, and it is perfectly land-locked from all winds. The knight of Kerry has a beautiful mansion and highly cultivated demesne in the vicinity of Dingle. About a mile from the town, there is a vitriolic spa, and about the same distance, lie the ruins of Burnham Castle, destroyed in the rebellion of 1641. At the southern extremity of this barony, which is a peninsula twenty-four miles long, and about eight miles broad, are situated the Blasque Islands, twelve in number, four of which are barren rocks, only frequented by prodigious flocks of aquatic birds of various descriptions; among the innumerable tribes of the feathered race, which perch upon these sequestered isles, is a very singular species of web footed bird, called the Gourdet, about the size of a sparrow, and deemed an indige- nous inhabitant of this place ; the flesh of which, when roasted, is considered of a more delicate flavour than even that of an Ortolon. The largest of this cluster, called Innismore, is about three miles long; here is a lofty mountain ; there are also the ruins of an old church, and some good arable grounds, situated towards the north-east extremity of the island. The next of this cluster in magnitude is called MacKeilane's Island, and lies seven miles n^est by south, from Dunmore Head ; it is so bleak and destitute of shelter, that it has been long sines abandoned by its former inhabitants ; here also are the ruins of a very ancient church, a baptismal, and an hermit's cell, con- sisting of a stone arch, so acctirately united, without either cement or mortar, that it admits no rain through the roof. — Innisbeg, consisting of about 16 acres, is so fertile, that it fattens about 30 bullocks every summer; most of the young cattle reared on these islands grow so wild, that their owners are obliged to hunt them down, and kill them before they can be carried away ; their hides, flesh, and tallow, sufficiently pay for their pasture. All these islands are well stocked witk rabbits, whose only enemy, in this solitary wilderness, are the kites and hawks, who devour vast multitudes of these feeble ijuoffbndino^ victims. Four miles to the west of the great island, 510 KEw traveller's Guide rises a stupenduous rock from the bosom of the ocean, which in the spring and summer season, is covered with innumerable myriads of sea fowl, collected hither for the purpose of hatching and rearing their infant progeny. The peasantry of the neigbouring district in the months of April, May, and June, adopt similar means of destroying these birds as the Norwe- gians do, for the sake of their feathers. An active peasant is suspended by a rope, fastened at one end to a pole fixed in the ground at the summit of the cliff, and thus descends to the different fissures in the precipice occupied by the birds ; he then silently twists their necks, and throws them into a bag fastened to his side, until it is filled with the bootj^, thus obtained with so much hazard ; on a signal given, by touching the rope to which the bag is suspended, it is immediately hauled up by the people stationed above for this operation, until the sportsman detached on this perilous excursion becomes wearied, or the birds, by some inadvertent alarm, are terrified, who imme- diatly take wing and interrupt this terrific sport for the present. Many hundred weight of feathers are annually collected in this manner; and strange to tell, few or no accidents have been known to happen. The inhabitants of the isles of Arran, situated in the bay of Galway, procure feathers from aquatic fowl in a similar manner. On the road leading from Abbeyfeale to Castle Island, Kerry County commences on this side of the thirty-second mile stone from Limerick, where the counties of Kerry and Limerick are divided by the river Feale. Here the road for a considerable distance runs through a wild, dreary and desolate mountain. Castle Island^ — Distant one hundred and thirty-three miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, and forty-three miles from Limerick, though formerly deemed a place of strength and considerable importance, is now a decayed, neglected and de- populated village, destitute of any trade, and precariously exis- ting by the trifling sums expended by travellers passing on to Tralce, or the lakes of Killarnej^, however it still retains many visible traces of its former population. It wa& anciently the shire and assizes town of this county, but since the period of their being transferred to Tralee, it gradually sunk to its present insignificance. Its ancient castle is supposed to have been built by Geoffry Maurice, Lord Justice of Ireland, in the year 1226, during the reign of Henry the Third, the ruins whereof still exist. The river Mang, an inconsiderable stream, flowed in a fosse excavated round its walls, over which draw-bridgos were constructed to communicate with the fortress. lu 131.1^ ^OR IRELAND. the castle was subdued by Sir Ralph Ufford, Lord J iistice of Ireland, who immediately executed the obstinate garrisson, who held it in opposition to the crown, for the refractory Earl of Desmond. In 1397, Gerald the Fourth, Earl of Desmond^ ?5tiled the poet, is traditionally reported to have been murdered in this vicinity. Queen Elizabeth granted this seigniory, expend- ing twelve Irish miles in length, and ten in breadth, to the family of Herbert. Its town-house, whose front forms an arcade, within which stands a row of Tuscan pillars, is roofless. The barracks are spacious but unoccupied. Here is an assem- bly room, and a few inns are decently furnished and tolerably supplied. The parochial church is a neat plain structure ; a charter school was opened herein 1762, very liberally endowed by private liberality and individual munificence. The road from Listowel unites on the right, and the road from Millstrat unites on the left ; two roads issue from this town ; that on the right leading to Tralee, already described, and the other on the left runs to Killarney. At the forty-first mile stone, stand the ruins of an old church on the left ; on this side of the forty- third mile stone the road crosses the river Flesk, and the ruins of an old church are situated on the left. At the forty -sixth mile stone the road crosses the river Laune. A little beyond the forty-eighth mile stone stands Mount Meredith ou the rights the charming residence of O'Donohue, Esq. Parishes hi the Barony of Magiinil.}j. A gh ad oe, K i1 lar n ey , Aglish, Kilbonane, MolalniFe. Killaha, Kiicummin, Killarney^ — Distant one hundred and forty-three miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, and forty-nine miles and three quarters from Limerick, is a neat clean, and tliriving little town, composed of well built houses, exhibiting every appearance of comfort, from the brisk demand of every neces- sary requisite for the accommodation of the immense influx of visitors who flock from all quarters, to view the unrivaled sce- nery of its romantic lakes. Every encouragement is given by Lord Kimare, its noble proprietor, to new settlers for its addi- tional extension, of which indulgence, many industrious indi- viduals avail themselves, and embark their capital in erecting new houses, in so very rising a little colony, promising future 312 NEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE permanent advantages. Tlie road from Cork unites 6n the left, and the road from Tralee joins on the right; two roads issue from this town ; that on the left, winding round the bases of the stupenduous mountains of Turk and Mangerton, stretches towards Kinmare, and the other on the right, runs by Milltown and Castlemaine to Dingle. At the two mile stone from Kil- larney of the road passing to Castlemaine, lie the ruins of Aghadoe, an ancient episcopal see, united to Limerick in 1663 ; the only traces of this venerable structure which still remain, are a few fragments of the cathedral walls, and the mutilated stump of an ancient round tower ; here also an abbey was founded, respecting which, no other historical records are preserved, but that Clodeh grandson of AulifFe More 0*Dono- hue, who died in 1231, was buried in the abbey of Aghadoe^ At the five mile stone, the road from Tralee unites on the right, and a cross road on the left leads to Dunlo castle. At the ninth mile stone from Killarney, stands Milltown village, distant one hundred and fifty-two miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle ; here the roads from Dunloe and Kilorglen unite on the left ; a road issues on the right, leading to Castle- maine, an inconsiderable village, distant one hundred and fifty- two miles and a half from Dublin Castle, by the Tralee road, and pleasantly situated on the river Mang, sufficiently deep for vessels of about sixty tons burden to sail vipon at high water, up to the bridge ; here an ancient castle was erected, at the joint charge of McCarthy More, and one of the Earls of Des- mond, as a common bulwark between their respective territories ; of which fortress, each chieftain was to hold alternate posses- sion, and after the stipulated period of occupancy, to deliver the possession to his successor for a similar limited time mu- tually agreed upon. McCarthy More, according to the compact, became the first inhabitant of the castle, and at the expiration of the specified time, surrendered it to Desmond, who, in viola- tion of this treaty, exclusively retained it, and would not admit any of McCarthy's followers ever afterwards to re-enter the castle. This fortress, thus fraudulently acquired, remained one of Desmond's strongest fastnesses, until in the course of the rebellion of 164?1, it was demohshed by Ludlow. On the res- toration, it was reserved by the crown, and a constable appoint- ed to guard it. This place conferred the title of Viscount on the family of Monson, as it afterwards gave the title of Earl to the family of Pahncr, now extinct. The Bay of Castlemaine is extremely wild, rocky, intricate and dangerous, which ren- ders sailing to Castlemaine harbour, situated at the bottom of FOR IRELAND* the bay^ ^ hazardous enterprise in tempestuous weather, and therefore the safest course to be adopted, under such circum- stances, is to steer direct, either to Dingle or Valentia, as the wind may chance to favour sailing to either port, both of which places are equally sheltered, safe, and commodious ; here is a plain neat church situated on the right. The road from Trale^i unites on the right. A road issuing on the right leads to Dingle already described. At the two mile stone, on the road passing between Killarney, and Kinmare, stands Cloughreen church to the left; the distance thence to Kinmare is along the easter n base of these immense mountains, whose lofty summits over - shadow the delightful lakes of Killarney, which are encompassed by their massy piles. To Kinviare Town hy Killarney. (Mile:.) Killarney, - - — 143" Mucruss, - ' 'l\ 14<6-^ Kinmare Town, - ^ . 91 155t Parishes in the Barony of Glaneroi/g/iL Kinmare Town, Tuosita, Kilgarvari, Kinmare^ — Distant one hundred and fifty-five miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a small neat town, situated on the banks of the Kinmare river, at the bottom of a bay beaiing the name name, which U about thirty miles long, and from three to nine miles broad, abounding with spacious and secure harbours. Here is a neat lodge, the property of the Marquis of Lands- down. It ^ives the title of Viscount to the faniily of Brown. The road from Cork unites on the left ^ two roads issue from this town, that on the left winding along Bantry Bay^ runs to Bantry, and the other on the right, sweeps round tiie coast to- wards Valentia Bay. Parishes in the Barony of Dunikerron, Kilcrohane, Knockane, Templence. 2 s Kivw traveller's guide This Barony takes its name from an ancient castle, situated eontiguous to the Kinmare river, which was the principal re- sidence of O 'Sullivan More. A few pleasant vallies and im- proveable grounds, are interspersed through the stupenduous mountains with which this Barony abounds. It gives the title of Baron to the family of Petty. There is neither a town nor a village of remarkable notoriety situated in this Barony; its po- pulation is chiefly composed of scattered cottages, and some hamlets lying along the coast. In a small island attached to the parish of Kilcrohane, situated in this Barony, the abbey of Aghamore was founded in th^ seventh century, b^y the monks of St. Finbar, for canons regular following the rules of St. Au- gustin. This island, at low water, is united to the main land. The walls of this venerable remnant of antiquity are so perpe- tually buffetted by the angry surges, that most probably they must at no very distant period, yield to their irresistible hos- tility. Parishes in the Barony of Iveragh, €ahir, Kilconly, Killinane, Dromud, Killemlagh^. Valentia Island, Glanbehy. This wild and mountainous Barony is a peninsula, bounded by Castlemaine and Kinmare Bays, at the extremity of which lie the Skeligs and Valentia Islands : a road issuing from Ken- mare town, winds along its coast, until it reunites at Castle- maine with the different roads concentering from the main land at that point of junction ; there are neither towns nor villa- ges in this dreary districts At Ballynaskelligs in this Barony, an abbey for regular canons of the order of St. Augustin was founded, but at what period is not recorded. This abbey was removed to this more sheltered situation, from the Island of Great Skelig, on account of lying too exposed, and the great danger encountered in crossing from the main land. Here is an holy well, dedicated to St. Michael, which is much frequent- ed for its imaginary miraculous virtues on that saint's festival. From the extensive traces of its ruins, now continually diminish'- ing, this abbey must have been a very magnificent struc- ture. Qjieen Elizabeth granted a lease of it, with all its pos- sessions, to John Blake, for a trifling annual rent, Irish cur- rency. In Bally naskellig Bay, is situated a cluster oS islands, the most considerable of which are named Skarif-dinish and Kenduff, with others of minor consequence, but which all to- FOR IRELAND. 315 getliei' exhibit a pleasing group. Close to Bolus Head, stands Puffin Island, so called from the multitudes of Puffins which frequent it; it is a steep craggy rock, in the summit of which there is a remarkable fissure. 'J'his island is well stocked with rabbits. The Skeligs range in a direct line. The nearest of these to the shore is called the Lemon ; it is a round rock, al- ways above water, and consequently cannot be dangerous to vessels sailing in this direction ; it is plentifully stocked with all kinds of aquatic birds. The second or middle Skelig, is dis- tant about six Irish miles from the shore; it is a rock composed of a reddish kind of marble, and frequented by myriads of Gannets, which nestle in no other spot on the southern coast of Ireland but on this rock. There is also ^another rock on the northern coast of Ireland whereon they perch. In the spring and summer seasons, the pea- santry resort hither to catch these ijirds, whose flesh they eat in lent and on fast days, which they estimate to be only fish. The perscMis who take this fowl, carry on a kind of traf- fic, by exchanging two Puffins for a peck of oat meal ; but their feathers constitute the principal profit. The great Skelig, stands about nine Irish miles from Puffin Island ; it is a stupen- diious rock, much frequented since the time of St. Patrick, by devotees, to do penance, and perform other religious duties, either suggested by fancy, or enjoined by the confessor. In the centre of the island, there is a flat cultivable spot, consisting of about three acres. This island is surrounded with inaccessible precipices, which awfully overhang the sea, hideously roaring un- derneath. There is only one narrow tract that leads to the sum- mit of the cliff, whose ascent is so steep, difficult, and terrific, that few adventurers are found sufficiently hardy to attempt it. In tempestuous weather, landing on this island is impracticable ; it is hardly accessible, even when the sea is but a little agitated. There are only two landing places, the remaining portion be- ing almost a perpendicular rock. On the fiat part of the island, elevated more than fifty yards above the level of the sea, there are several cells supposed to have been chapels, situated conti- guous to the scite of the old abbey ; round these cells, stone crosses are erected, at each of which the pilgrims must repeat a certain number of prayers, besides other peculiar orisons, which are to be performed at each station. These pious rites being duly performed, the summit of the clift* remains to be ascended, a task which requires a portion of faith larger than a grain of mustard seed to inspire the enthusiast with reso- lution to encounter, whose nerves ought to be as firm as his superstitious frenzy is vehement^, as the remaining portion oi 316 NEW Traveller's (juide llie penitentiary devotion is awfully terrific, the ascent being partly through a cavity resembling the funnel of a chimney ; the obstacle of squeesing through this barrel being surmounted, the pilgrim arrives at a platform about eighteen inches broad, whose <.;i(]es slope down to the ocean; at the extremity of this flat space, which, from its narrowness, may be denominated the. ^$thmus5^ the ascent to a more elevated station is gained by climbing up a smooth sipping rock, termed the stone of pain, from the ap- parently unsurmountable obstacle it presents to reaching its sum- mit; this sipping barrier is about twelve feet high, and the pe- ril of encountering it is most terribly, as the smallest slip would precipitate the rash adventurer many fathoms on either side of the Peninsula into the sea which environs it; this difficult pas- sage being safely performed, the remaining jpyrney to ^he pin- nacle becomes less perilous, where are also two stations with fixed stone crosses, which must be visited. The first is called the eagle's nest, from its immense elevation. The second sta- tion to be visited by the fanatic devotees, inspires sentiments of horror at the immensity of the peril wbiqh remains to be en- countered. This most awfully tremenduous enterprize is some- times called the spindle, as fancy suggests, at other times the spit, w^hich is a long narrow fragment of the rock, projecting from the summit of this frightful cliff, and is accessible by a narrovy path two feet wide, and several yards in length. Here both male and fem.ale devotees bestride the rock, and thus edge for- wards, until they arrive at a stone cross, cut at the extreme end, where a concluding Ave Maria and paler noster are to be re- peated to complete the penance. The return is attended witii equal danger and difficulty. It is melancholy to reflect, that the ardent disposition of devotion, manifested by these deluded victims of superstition of thus endeavouring to appease the creator '<\t the greatest hazards, should not be sufficiently enlightened by their spiritual guides, to adopt a more rational mpde of worshiping the Deit}^, conform.able to that spiritual purity enjoined in the gospel dispensation. Reason must condemn that presm;nptiou v/hicli imposes, c^nd regret the prevalence of that ignorant cre- fluh'ty which imj)licitly obeys, so absurd an injunction^ The ar- tificial curiosities of the island are the cells, or chapels, whose circular arched roofs are so effectually joined without cement or mortar, as to be impervious to either wind, rain, or air. H( re are also wells of fresh water, which rise through the rock several yards above the level of the sea; their sometimes tasting brackish, manifest the source whence they are derived. The f ca, about this island, is ninety fathom deep. On the south west FOR IRELAND. Sll coast of this Barony, lies the island of Valentin, about five miles long ; the distance between this island and the main land is about half a mile wide, where the sea runs with the rapidity of a river, and is sufficiently deep for vessels to sail through at any time of the tide. Cromwell erected forts at each extremity of this ij-land, now fallen to ruins. Vessels may sail round the island, and enter the harbour at either end. It is a very fertile tract, and deemed the granai'y of the county. In Queen Ann's wars, it was annoyed by French privateers, which lay here secure by keeping scouts perpetually watching on the Island, as on the centinal's giving notice to what end of the island a British ves- sel of war was approaching, the privateer directed her course to the opposite extremity, and thus escaped. It confers the title of Viscount on the family of Annesley. A reversionary grant being m^de in the reign of James the First to Sir Fran- cis Annesley, on the demise ef Sir Henry Power of Bersham, in Denbighshire, constable of the Castle of Maryborough, Knight Marshal of Ireland, Governor of Leix, and Privy Counsellor, who was created Viscount of Valentia in 1620, This Island gave the title of Viscount, to Donald M'Carthy- More. Valentia and Dingle harbours are deemed the safest in this district. The most remarkable places in this particu- larly singular district, being etched for the information and di- rection of the curious, enlightened, and inquisitive inquirer, that to subjoin a faint outline of the situation and prominent features of the Lakes of Killarney, v/ill not be deemed irrelevant to the general design. Lakes of Killarney. --These celebrated lakes, distant about a mile from the town of Killarney, consist of three distinct bodies of water, distinguished by the appellations of the upper, the lower, and Turk lake. The upper lake, lies embosomed by wild and stupen* duous mountains. The lower and Turk lakes lie contiguous to each other, being only separated by a narrow peninsula, and small islands, between which run narrow channels navigable for boats ; they are bounded on one side, by a lofty chain of mountains, and ijd the opposite direction, by an open and cultivated countrj^, whose surface is diyersified by innumerable hills. These lakes are sup- plied by the overflowings of other lakes in a more elevated situa- tion, by rills from the adjacent mountains, and by rivers aug- mented in their long circuitous courses, by countless tributary streams, before they discharge their waters into the lakes. The clear and rapid river Laune, is the only outlet by which the sjirplus water is conveyed to the Athlantic Ocean, llirougli the Bay of Dingle. 31 S NEW traveller's guide Ross Bay is the place generally selected for embarkation by the visitors making an excursion along these romantic lakes at a quay situated under the castle walls : a different and more agreeable route may be chosen, by such as prefer walking through Lord Kinmare's delightful dimense, along the banks of the river Deanagh, at the mouth of which river, they may com- mence an aquatic excursion. Lord Kinmare has liberally sup- plied a set of handsome and well equipped boats for the accom- modation of strangers, each of which, with a proper compli- ment of rowers, is under the direction of a sufficiently qualiiSed superiiitendant, to each of whom a specified gratuity is to be given in proportion to the extent of the voyage ; thus all im- position is utterly precluded. From the frequency of violent storms, to which these basons of fresh water are exposed, oars are preferred to sails, by being less exposed to the influence of these sudden hurricanes, which descend in arching eddies through the fissures of the circumjacent mountains. The greatest danger to be apprehended in the navigation of the lakes, is when the waters rise or sink considerably either above or below their ordinary level ; as in the former instance, many rocks usually elevated above the surface of the water dis- appear, over whose summits a sufficient depth of water is not accumulated to enable boats to sail over unmolested, and the rocks are so numerous that their exact positions cannot be ac^ curately ascei^tained by the most experienced boat-men ; when the waters subside considerably below their usual level, similar effects result from a dissimilar cause, as the rock which hitherto lay sufficiently covered with water for boats safely to sail over, now so nearly approach the surface, that they oppose a si- milar obstruction as that which arises from the over-swelling of the waters. The shores about the lake in the vicinity of Ross Castle, are flat and marshy, over which a causeway is con- structed : a small canal, sufficiently wide to admit one boat, se- parates the island upon which Ross Castle is erected, from the main land ; across this canal a small bridge is constructed, at the foot of which there is a large gate and a guard house to protect the approaches towards the castle. The gate is regu- larly closed at night. The castle is situated on a rock close to the water's edge. The Only existing remains of the original edifice are a large quadrangular tower still perfect, with two small circular flankers in a nn'nous state. Contiguous to the tower, stands a barrack fitted for the accommodation of two companies of foot. The castle, with all the additional new buil- dings necessary for the residence of officers, and other appcn- FOR IRELAND. 319 dages attached to a military depots constitute a very promi- nent feature of the landscape from every part of the lower lake. It is supposed to have been built by the powerful sept or tribe of the O'Donoghoes, and was a place of considerable impor- tance in the time of Cromwell, it having for some time succesful- ly resisted the repeated attacks of General Ludlow, to whom tlie garrison, consisting of five thousand horse and foot, final- ly surrendered, hwing obtained more favourable conditions than were usually granted in the ferocious-and sanguinary re* bellion of 1641. It was the last fortress that submitted to the Parliamentary forces. — A governor is appointed over this castle. The island of Ross, previous to the falling of the stately oak?» by which it was covered, whose luxuriant masses of dark fol- iage sloped down to the water's edge, appeared the most en- chanting spot within the whole surrounding region ; however, the destruction of its venerable forest could not strip it of all its natural beauties, as the bold massy rocks crowned with yews, and interspersed with shrubs and ever-greens, still afford so enchanting a prospect as can only be changed with the revo- lutions of nature. In this island, a copper mine has been ope- ned, to the great profit of the undertakers ; at a short distance from these mines, there is a fine marble quarry, of which a considerable quantity is annually manufactured for hearth stones and chimney pieces; but its principal consumption seems to consist in the fabrication of tomb-stones, carried to a considerable distance by the natives. This marble exhibits a great variety of colours. The island of Ross separates the low- er lake into nearly two equal divisions : here several wooded little promontories overhang the lake, which prevent all pros- pect of the distant scene,-^ until a rocky point, situated at the mouth of the bay is doubled ; then an extensive prospect of the mountains, and a wide expanse of the lake are suddenly reveal- ed, bursting into view. Several small islands appear at the mouth of Ross Bay, the most remarkable of which is a rock about twenty feet high, and on one side nearly perpendicular, named O'Donaghoe's prison, which, according to traditionary report, was a place of punishment, reserved for all his rebelli- ous, disobedient, and refractory subjects ; and if the Irish char- acter, in his days, was not of a more placid and gentle tempera- ment than the present generation of its irritable natives displays, tliis barren rock must never have been destitute of violent and uugovernable spirits for its inhabitants. The^ delightful island of Innisfallen lies at a short distance NEW traveller's GUIDE from O^Donaghoe's prison, apparently covered with an Imper- vious forest, forming a verdant screen along its indented shore. Through the openings of the natural lawns and enchanting groves with which this island is so luxuriantly diversified, the blue mountains on the south appear rearing theli^ lofty sumr^iits to the clouds, while the water of the lake is seen sparkling be- neath their base. In the disposition of the grounds of this fas- cinating island, the assistance derived from art can only be traced in the formation of some shrubberies scattered among the rocks ; here nature seems to have superceded any puny embellish- ment which could be suggested l3y human contrivance — here she seems to have engrossed all the decorations, to convince the spectator, that she can descend to become methodical, as well as sublime in her operations. The only admissable encroachment which could be made on its natural beauties, was to run a gravel walk round the island, covered with the umbrageous foliage of the overshadowing trees, for the accommodation of occasional visitors, who might otherwise be deterred in rainy weather fi'om visiting this interesting spot. A curious old yew springs from the crevice of a rock, at once forming a commodious seat ancJ an agreeable shade, respecting whose imaginary virtues many legendary tales are gravely related by the credulous swains. The timber on this island thrives more vigourously, and attains a larger size than any on the neighbouring shores, and its tia- tural herbage possesses such an extraordinary quality for fatten- ing cattle, that its excellence is proverbial ; such unequivocal indications demonstrate its fertility. The shore of Innisfallen lying opposite to Ross, is low and shelving, and the numerous rounded black stones rising above the surface at a considerable distance from the land, indicate the shallo^vness qf the water ; the opposite shore exhibits a different feature of massy rocks, rising twenty feet perpendicularly above the level of the water ; the immense waves rolling in tempestuously, break with a tre- nienduous crash against the projecting cliffs, whose sound awfully reverberates through the woods of the whole island. From the shallowness of the shore on one side, and the steepness of the rocks in the opposite direction, this island would be almost in- accessible, were not these obstacles removed by the erection of two quays, in sheltered situations; it is indented with numerous coves and inlets skirted with lofty trees, exhibiting a beautiful appearance from the water in all directions ; its superfices is computed to contain twelve acres Irish plantation measure: among all the islands situated in the lakes, Innisfallen is the most frequented, not only by strangers, but even by the neigh- FOR IRELANDo 321 bpiiring gentry, from the great variety of its superior attractions. Here splendid entertainments are frequently given in all the profusion of rural festivity, which ib ofien protracted, through the cool and chilly hours of night, until the next morning sun's orient rays warn the votaries of the rosy god of the ne- cessity of suspending all future indulgence in these intemperate libations. About the close of the sixth century, an abbey was founded on this island by St. Finian the leper, son of Ahld, king of Munster, which in aftertimes was appropriated to re- gular canons, of the order of St. Augustin; this abbey being esteemed a terrestrial paradise, and a safe sanctuary, all the treasure and the most valuable effects belonging to the neiprh- bouring inhabitants^ whose habitations lay most exposed to the plundering excursions of robbers, in these lawless times, were deposited for security in the hands of its clergy. However, the s^anctity of the sacred edifice where this property was deposited did not deter Moaldun, son of Daniel O'Donaghoe^ from sacre- ligiously pillaging the abbey, and slaughtering the reverend guardians ; but in revenge^ God punished the arch robber^ in shortening his existence, as well as that of many of his accom- plices by a sudden death. This is something like hanging a thief for committing a felony, without restoring the stolen property to the rightful owrieri But the monks never failed in j)rocur- ing a heavenly advocate to espouse their cause, when ordinary means proved abortive to secure these worldly treasures Vvhich moth and riist might corrupt, and thieves break in and steaU Ih 1320, Dermot McCarthy, king of Desmond, having been murdered at Tralee, was Interred in this abbey, Qitcen Eliza* beth granted this abbey, with all its extensive possessions, to Robert Collan, in fee farih for ever, by fealty only, in common soccagej for a trifling annual rent, Irish currency.- The ruins of this abbey prove it to have been very extensive, and the spot selected for its erection is most charming and enchanting; the chapel attached to the abbey was converted by the noble pro- prietor into a banqueting house, for the accommodation of strangers visiting the romantic scenes of Killarney. A book comprising a sketch of Universal History to the year 430, and from that period, more particularly describing and de- tailing the affairs of Ireland, to the time in which the author flourished, was, according to Sir James Ware, written by a monk of this abbey, and continued by another hand to the year 1320. Brown or Rabbit's Island, is the next in magnitude to that of InnisfaUen in the lower lake; it is dtstitu'eof any cmbcllish- 2x I ment, an3 its being situated in the broadest part of the lake^ only renders it conspicuous ; when the trees with which it has been lately planted approach to maturity, its present bleak and dreary aspect will exhibit a very pleasing prospect. In cros- sing from Innisfallen towards the mountains, a wide expanse of water unfolds itself to view ; and the various islands passed in proceeding towards Glena-bay, successively display delightful vistas. The line of mountainous shore intervening between Glena point and the river Laune, forms a striking contrast to the islands. That part of the Glena mountains which over* hangs a bay of the same name, is thickly clothed with ancient woods, partially seen from Innisfallen ; the remaining portion is destitute of timber, with the exception of a fcv/ oak saplins thinly scattered among the rocks. The naked sides of this mountain on a distant view, exhibit a tame uniformity, only partially diversified by occasional variations in its hues, but on a nearer approach, it displays a green livery of cultivated fer- tility, while its extensive dusky heaths, interspersed with rocks, are covered with innumerable herds, where the shepherd s soli- tary cottage rears its humble head, and animates the scenery by the introduction of such images as indicate the social resi- dence and abode of man. In coasting down the lake, under the mountain, its base near Glena-point is covered with im- mense masses of huge rocks, which have fallen from the lofty pinnacle of the superincumbent pile, while others appear sus- pended and ready to yield to the first rude shock, and threaten destruction to those sailing underneath. A little farther on, the shore assumes a more uniform aspect, and the rocks present a less threatening attitude. After passing a naked shore about a mile in extent, a thick wood extending from the shore, and &;tretching to a considerable distance up the neighbouring lieights, diversifies the monotonous imiformity of this rocky, naked, and rugged coast; at the skirt of the forest, a small pier of rude stone is constructed on the brink of a streamlet, heard gurgling througli the trees, and here empties itself into the lake. The sound of distant waters quickly attracts curiosity to discover the spot whence it proceeds, to which a narrow path vvintling through the rocks and under-wood, soon conveys the eugcr iiKjun ri*, where he beholds a beautiful cascade con- sisting of three disi incl falls, each receding a few feet behind the (^ther, of which tl:e most considerable is about fifteen feet high ; these different falls viewed at some distance from a rock placed in the centre of the stream, assume the appearance of one uninter- vupted cascade ; the water agitated among the rocks in its steep FOR IRELAND. S23 descient down the mountain, is converted into foam, whose brilli- ^incy is augmented by the contrasted gloom of the impending oaks, from whose branches it appears to gush. This cascade derives its name from O'Sullivan, an ancient potent lord of this district. The lake under O'Sullivan's cascade, and ail along the coast, from Burnt Island to Benson's Point, assumes a solemn gloomy aspect, occasioned by the projecting shade of the adja- cent siupenduous mountains. The coast sweeping beneath the base of Tomies mountain, is gradually divested of its rocky ruggedness as it approaches the river Laune. As this part of the lake is not distinguished for either intricacy or variety, curiosity is soon cloyed, which the diversified variety presented by the river Laune contributes to revive and gratify, the entrance to which is spacious, resembling XI bay, but difficult of access, in consequence of the various rocks and sand bars situated at its mouth. The proper channel once gained by the assistance of poles perpendicularly erected to point out the safest course, the rapidity of the stream hurries ^on the boat with an impetuosity almost irresistible- The banks of this river for a considerable distance, are steep and bold, then gradually sloping, ultimately terminate in a broad open strand, over which the expanded surface of the river ripples in a shal- low stream, abounding with trout. This river assumes different appearances according to the variety of the season, as vessels of forty tuns burthen built on the banks of the lake for the navigation of the sea, safely float over these places after a heavy fall of rain, which were fordable in the summer season. On re- : turning from the river Laune towards Ross, the northern coast ought to be closely approached for the more accurately behold- ing the lofty mountains, situated on the opposite side of the lake, whose stupenduous pinnacles are the more conspicuous the far- ther the spectator retires from their base. Among these moun- tains, Magillycuddy's reefs are the most elevated peaks; the mountain beneath them bordering upon the lake is a part of the Tomies mountain. Mahony's-point, thickly planted with large trees, greatly contributes to diversify the tame uniformity of the nothem shore ; at a small distance from this point, a long neck of land projects into the lake, which materially con- tributes to give intricacy and variety to the shore. From this isthmus an extensive bay appears, bounded by hills, on which many delightful seats are beheld at dillerent elevations, en- circled with plantations, which, w^hen too closely approach- ed, cease to display that high degree of cultivation which aifforded such gratification when viewed at a distance; for NEW traveller's GUIDE the imaginary verdant lawns, supposed to slope down to the margin of the lake, resume their natural form, and prove to be only sw^ainps and marshes, over-run with furze and brambles; and these habitations which appeared to embellish., the shore, retire to their proper distance, and assume their ac- tual position. Beyond this bay lies a flat shore, contiguous to the river Denagh, which terminates the description of the wes- tern segment of the lower lake. The eastern section maybe entered, either by passing through the narrow channel, which separates Ross Island from the main land, or by rounding the point of an island situated opposite Innisfallen, On coasting along the shores of this Island, Glena mountain displays to the spectator's view, not only the rocks and precipices exposed to the broad part of the lake, but likewise the extensive forests which overhang the bay ; then the craggy summits of the moun- tains which environ the defile leading to the upper lake next expand their bleak and dreary peaks ; after these, Turk, Man- gerton, and other mountains, forming the frontier chain, appear piercing the clouds with their massy piles. The coast of Iloss Island, exposed to the broad part of the lake, is much more diversified than the one which bounds the bay ; its promontories being bolder, its bays and inlets deeper, one of which nearly penetrates across the island, and at high floods actually severs it into two distinct portions. The beauty of this inlet, covered with majestic oaks, surpassed the conception of the most glowing imagination before it was stript of its verdant mantle of tufted foliage, forming an ijnpervious screen ; and even now its wild and naked rocks, although deprived of their former lovely clo- thing, still retain innumerable charms to fascinate the fancy. In the interval between Ross and Mucruss, a multitude of Is- lands are negligently strewed, some of which, consisting of naked rocks, which have yielded to the constant attrition of the wa- ter, display the most fantastic forms : one is denonimated O'Donaghoe's Table, from its resting on four short pillars, the centre basement being entirely corroded — another rock is called the Horse, from the remote resemblance it bears to a coUossal figure of that animal in the attitude of drinking. The larger islands composing the cluster, are generally clothed with a pro- fusion of evergreens. The low and coarse islands are the most extensive, on whose pasture cattle are grazed in the sum- mer season, until a deficiency of grass or the inclemency of the season rendei it necessary to procure them a better accom-» modation. The flat marshy grounds lying on either bank of the rivpr Flesk, exhibit the inqst uninteresting prospect pn Xk^ von IRELAND, 325 eastern boundary of the lake ; still their proximity to the lofty mountains by which they are embosomed, contributes to diver- sify the scenery. The coast of Mucruss, commencing at a little stream which falls into Castlelough Bay, displays a chain of rocks, covered with trees, as far as the eye can reach. The rocks of this peninsula exhibit an infinite variety of the wild- est irregularities, some of which being undermined by the con- tinual attrition of the waves, appear suspended over the water, while the traces of similar masses, which being deprived of a ne- cessary support, yield to the pressure of the superincumbent w^eight, are discernible. Those which fell into deep water were swallowed up to be seen no more, while others, which tumbled into shallower places, form small islands along the shore, covered with the trees which clung to them in their descent, and some of whose roots appear exposed on the summit of the rock, while their verdant branches extend along the sur- face of the lake. The mansion-house of Mucruss appears to great advantage from the water. The numerous little inlets and promontories with which this peninsula abounds, form a most gratifying variety, and constantly engage attention. The Cove at Juniper Island, is singularly romantic, being perfectly land-locked, and completely sheltered from all winds, by steep recks and tall trees ; one side of another cove exhibits a steep and lofty cliff' of massive blue lime-stone, while the other displays the deep brown stratified silicious shelving to the water; on passing round the point of Camillan, the bay of Glena sud- denly bursts upon the view, whose magnificent scenes command universal admiration. Its length is about an English mile, and its breadth is nearly the same, but the various bays and pro- montories with which it is indented, render its surface apparently more extended : on one side appears a mountain majestically rising from the water's edg^ ; the opposite side displays a long chain of low rocks, surmounted with trees ; in the centre, the defile through which the river from the upper lake flows into the Jiead of the bay, reveals itself to view; the trees growing along the margin of the lake, along the base of the mountain, with their united foliage, form an impervious and continuous shade, swelling with the protuberance of the mountain, or sinking with its glens, and are only interrupted by sudden precipice^ or huge projecting rocks ; — all is one universal sylvan scene, from the mouth of the bay along the defiles, to the most distant part of the horizon. In this immense forest, every gradation of green is discernible from the silvery hues of the ash and willow, %o the deep verdure of the fir and yew; the variety and innu- 326 NEW traveller's GUIDE merable tints of this rich foliage reflected on the water, baffle description. A wild path leads from the point of Glena to a cottage situated at the head of the bay, on the verge of the forest. In tracing its devious course, the imagination is be- wildered with the rapid succession of the indescribable charms it im folds, either in penetrating the gloomy recesses of the mountain beneath the rocky cliffs, or in its openings on the verge of the wooded glen, where it displays a distant prospect of the lake and islands: innumerable rills springing in the mountains, unite their streams, which tumbhng in cascades over the mossy rocks, run foaming into the lake. The wildness of this deep^ solitude is only interrupted by the gay appearance of a painted boat cleaving the billows of the lake beneath, or the echo of muidic, reverberated through the rocks and cavities of the mountain, in admiration of whose delightful effects, no parties visit this part of the lake unattended by musicians, (if it be posisible to procure them,) who are generally placed in a sepa- rate boat, observing such a distance that the notes softened in their passage over the water, may more melodiously strike the ear ; for which purpose the oars are only occasionally applied to o^bserve a proper interval ; the effect of music, under such circumstances, is enchanting , but whoever listens to the dying cadence of the echoes, during the stillness of a moon-light night, may be pronounced pre-eminently to enjoy the extatic raptures excited by the power of harmony. The red deer, still unprotected and uncontrolled by man, perpetuates its species amidst its native forests, extended along the wilds of Glena, The liberty of the chace is politely granted, at the solicitation of strangers, but the precariousness of ultimate success, and the expence incurred in the preparation, contribute to prevent the frequency of its recurrence. The notice of a stag hunt is therefore cheerfully received with that universal acclamation which the gratification of public curiosity is calcu- lated to inspire; on the appointed day, immense crowds assem- ble; every boat upon the lake is put in immediate requisition, and if the small craft were found adequate to transport the eager populace to the shores of Glena, the town of Killarney would on that day be left destitute of inhabitants. On the day pre* ceding this exjiected sport, an experienced person is despatched up the mountains to search for the herd, and to watch its motions in silent patience until the approach of night. That deer most detached from the rest of its companions, is marked as the object of pursuit, and is generally discovered at the dawn of the ensuing morning near the spot selected for the night's repose. Before the lueak of day, the dogs are silently and FOR intLAKD. S27 secretly conducted up the mountains, where they remain cou- pled, until the firing of a cannon announces the arrival of the party commanding the himt at the foot of the mountain, when the dogs are immediatelj'^ uncoupled and let loose on the track of the deer. The first effort of the deer, thus suddenly alarmed, is to commence his flight across the summit of the mountain, and thus escape across the open heath to some re- mote and secure retreat ; guards previously stationed at proper intervals along the heights, by their shouting, compel the ani- mal to desist from this attempt, and force him to direct his course towards the lake ; being thus hotly and closely pursued, he sometimes bounds from chlf to cliff, to avoid the blood- thirsty hounds, roaring terrific at his heels ; all other hopes of escape being now utterly extinguished, the only desperate choice now left to be adopted, is either passively to submit to be torne in pieces by his merciless pursuers, or commit himself to the lake* In this agonizing perplexity, he once more casts an anxious glance towards the mountains, but to gain them is impracticable ; lie surveys the forest, his late favourite abode, but it refuse,^ to shelter him, for now alas, it is pre-occupied by his inveterate enemies, marshalled in all directions to impede his passage; again he pauses, casts a look backwards, and beholds his des- truction instant and inevitable : the moment is critical, tlit- last effort of preservation must be immediately executed, and he desperately plunges from a rock into the lake; but hh fate is determined, as he escapes one enemy only a few iBinutes, to be siezed by another equally incompassionate and relentless; his antlers prove his ruin, for the boatsmen sur- round the unhappy victim, endeavouring to swim to the nearest island ; secure him, haul him into the boat, and bear hiin away in triumph. In this singular kind of cl)ace much conliisioa often ensues from the keen emulation of the diflcrent boats to pursue the direction of the hunt, particularly if it approach the upper lake, as many are entangled in the intervening rocks and shoals placed at its entrance. To pursue the chase through the woods usually ends in disappointment, as all prospect is excluded by the density of the foliage; but whoever can patiently remain for five or six hours stationary in a boat, seldom returns with ungratified expectations. The bay of Glena affords the best salmon fishing on these lakes, which, with all the other fisheries, are leased at a moderate rent, on condition that every pound of salmon must be sold in the town of Killarney for two-pence as the maximum ; all sportsmen, liowever, are freely permitted to angle on the lakes, and its contiguous rivers. S28 NEW traveller's GVlM At all entertainments given on the lakes, salmon constitutes tiie principal dish of the banquet. The men display great address and expertness in dressing this fish, which they divide into moderately large sized pieces, and roast on fresh cut twigs of the arbutus tree, stuck into the ground, before a fire made of dried leaves and rotton sticks. A small cottage consisting of t vo rooms and a kitchen, is situated on the verge of the forest, at the head of Glena-bay, with the use of which the pro- prietor acGommodates all visitors who wish to avail themselves of the conveniencies it affords. The charming prospect it com- niands and the advantages it possesses, are too attractive induce- ments to select it as a place best adapted for refreshment and repose. The cow shore which bounds the bay of Glena, next to Turk Lake, forms a delightful contrast to the bold fea- tures which characterize the mountain ; its rocky promontories and deep recesses are fantastically diversified and richly clothed with forest trees^ ever-greens, and shrubs, wildly intermingled in boundless profusion ; the shattered rocks which lie strewed along the shore, appTear to have been detached from the masses to which they originally adhered, not by aquatic attrition, but by the expansion of the roots which protruded through their fissures. Turk Lake may be entered either by Brickeen-bridge^ which connects Brickeen Island to the peninsula^ or by coast- ing round Dinis Island, following the course of the river which flows into Glena bay ; each approach possesses peculiarly dis- tinctive charms, but the entrance by the river suddenly bursts into the lake, which displays an unexpected view of its widely extended surface. The river, in the termination of its course at the bay of Glena, is low, sluggish and sedgy; but it quickly assumes a very different feature ; its banks become steep and rugged, and the water constrained within narrower limits, ruslies with indignant impetuosity through these contracted barriers. Its channel is rocky, intricate, and so narrow, that only on^e boat can pass at one time, which seldom performs this short voyage without repeated concussions. The impediment oppos- ed by the rocks being surmounted, it is then hurried by the current, with astonishing velocity, and in a few seconds, drifted to a considerable distance into the open lake. This singular na- vigation is rendered still more awful by the umbrageous foliage of the trees growing on the lofty and craggy banks of the river, wliose branches so intermingle and combine, as to exclude the solar rays, and impress a solemn dignity on the dazzling motion oi the torrent, whose terrific roar reverberates on the ear ; so sud- den a transition from turbulence to tranquillity, so bewilders the rOR IRELAND, S29 astonished senses, as excites a momentary doubt of its reality, which confusion, even the placid surface of tlie widely expand- ed lake, on whose transparent bosom the boat now securely floats, is inadequate to remove, until the disturbed imagination recovers its accustomed tone. The entrance of the river into the lake, is so enveloped by the tufts of trees growing along the shore, that they conceal all traces of the passage, which circum- stance highly contributes to encrease the delusion that the voyage was affected by supernatural agency. Turk, or the mid- dle lake, is bounded on the south by Turk mountain, whence it derives its name, and on ihe opposite side by the woods and rocks of the Peninsula of Mucruss. It is about two English miles long, and something less than one mile wide ; this moun- tain displays no steep precipices or deep glens, and although it rises abruptly from the water, it is accessible at all points; a great portion of it has been lately planted with a great variety of forest trees best adapted to its soil and exposed situation, which when arrived at maturity, will materially contribute to diversify its surface, and adorn the landscape : the deep gloom which the shade of this stupenduous mountain casts upon the water expanded beneath its base, adds a solemn dignity to the majestic grandeur of the scene. The Peninsula here exhibits nearly a similar aspect to that which is presented by the oppo- site side washed by the lower lake ; its rocks are equally exca- vated and undermined, of which the more massy fragments have been detached and precipitated into the lake ; nearly op- posite the mines, an immense mass of rock and earth has fallen, which exhibits an extraordinary mixture of various mineral substances; Devil's Island, now situated at a considerable distance from the shore, seems to have originally formed a portion of the Peninsula ; the Turk and upper lakes are less exposed to the in- fluence of storms than the lower lake, a circumstance that fre- quently prevents passengers pursuing their voyage on its boister- ous billows, which are sometimes so much agitated, as to render it impracticable to repass it in crowded boats, while the waters of the Turk present a smooth ' unruffled surface; the only alterna- , tive that can be adopted, is to land at the Peninsula, and regain the town by this intricate and circuitous route. The hoarse roar- ing of the surge dashing against the rock, the hollow murmur- ing of the winds, and the gloomy aspect of the mountains frown- ing through the clouds, contribute to increase the sublime horrors of the storm. To behold the lake thus convulsed by a tempest, may become the source of sublime reflections to a con- 2 u 330 JSEW TRAy-ELLEK's GUIDE templative mitid, delighted with a spectacte of nature's wikle^^t disorder; but the deep shades of the mountains, and the images of the rocks and trees distinctly reflected on the glassy sur- face of the water, can only be enjoyed in calm and serene wea- ther. The Islands of Brickeen and Denis are thickly covered widi trees^ over whose tops the majestic forests of Glena are clearly distinguished, the whole forming a sylvan scene unrivaled in richness and variety. Denis Island is much resorted to by parties, for the great diversity of prospect it affords, and the wild roman- tic beauties with which it abounds. On coai^ting round its shores, Turk lake, the bay of Glena, and the rapid river issuing from the upper lake, successively burst upon the view. The tumultuotis dashing of the current against the rocks, and the roaririg of the surges re-echoed through the woods of the is- land, add considerably to the wild charms of this delightful t^etreat. The rapidity with which the current rushes through the Weir Bridge, forms a serious obstacle to the ascent of the boats, against the impetuosity of the stream, to the upper lake ; this impediment, which cannot be counteracted without consider- able efforts, causes much delay. In descending these rapids, and shooting the bridge, coolness and dexterity are equally re- quisite, as vigour and perseverance were in the ascent ; the bridge consists of two arches, one of which is only passable for boats ; tit an inconsiderable distance above the bridge, the river assumes a placid and serene appearance; in its course fronv the upper lake, its ordinary breadth when not flooded, is about fifteen yards, except where the channel is contracted between the pro- jecting rocks, when it becomes so narrow as only to admit one boat at a time; its course is very devious, sometimes winding close to the base of the mountains, under immense masses of rocks, and in other places, meandering through the plain, or dividin^y into different branches, which after forming innumer- able httle islands, again reunite. This passage affords an in- conceivable variety of delightful prospects, which would escape unnoticed without navigating the strait. Among the mountains which rise on each side of the valley through which the river w inds its course, theone known by the name of the Eagle's Nest, is the most distinguished for grandeur and sublimity ; the ex- Imustless diversity of wild variety these mountains exhibit, con- stitutes a source of uninterrupted gratification, either in survey- ing the immense precipices, or deep glens overhung with wood<:, through eachpf which flows a mountain stream, and every stream supplies a cascade, many of which appeal' in indescribable bcciu- FQR IRELAND. 531 ty, sparkling through the trees which overshadow the gloomy hoarse murmer of the rumbling torrent. The distance from the Old Weir Bridge to the upper lake, is about three English miles; this interval consists of low swampy marshes extending from the banks of the river to the foot of Glena mountain : numerous herds of cattle are grazed in this valley, whose varied groups contribute to diversify the charms of the rural scenery : some are descried quietly cooling themselves in the little pools scattered among the rushes, others peaceably reposing on the grassy sur- face, while many of a more rambling and enterprizing disposi- tion, may be discovered adventurously scrambling the moun- tain's steep and craggy brow. The lowing of these animals occasionally produces most astonishing effects, from a variety of echoes, for which this spot is pre-eminently distinguished. The most singular object on this river is a lofty cliff, called the Eagle's Nest; it is a most stupenduous and friglitful rock, which stands at a sudden narrow turn of this watery defile ; its front to- wards the water displays a most horrible precipice, whose sides represent a pyramidical figure, lined with trees from bottom to top ; the precipice fronting the water impresses the spectator, who must sail close under its base, with mingled sensations of terror and admiration: the exact position of the Nest is distinct- ly marked by an horizontal fissure, representing a pair of large extended wings : this cliff forms a termination to a short range of mountains, which run in this direction across the course of the river;. these mountains are partly visible from tlie bay of Glena, and the opposite shores of the lower lake, but tlie wild magnificence of the cliff, its immense rocks, and graceful pen- dant woods, cannot be accurately distinguished at a greater dis- tance than about two hundred yards. The water is considerably delated beneath the base of this chff, and being well sheltered, presents a dark and glassy surface, on which the rocks and trees are beautifully reflected. The power of language is incompe- tent to convey an adequate idea of the extraordinary ericct caused by echoes under this cliff, whether they repeat tlie mel- low tones of music, or the discordant roar of cannon : here en- chantment seems to have realized its sovereign sway, while the votaries of harmony are absorbed in a rapturous exstacy of astonishment and delight. On the report caused by the discharge of a cannon, the echoes reverberated through the mountains and lofty precipices, assimulate to a loud and violent peal of thunder rolling along the pinnacles of the mountains, and pro- portionally decreasing in power with the increased distance of \iie hills, wliich successively receive the sound, and v/hen np-^ 332 NEW traveller's GUI»E parently dying away, it suddenly revives, and assails the eara from a different quarter, with such renovated vigour as surprises and astonishes. The thunder of heaven alone, can surpass the echoed report of an exploded cannon in some particular situa- tions selected in this hollow, intricate, and sequestered valley. To enjoy the echoes produced by music to the best advantage, the performers should be stationed on the banks of the river, about fifty yards below the base of the cliff, and on the same side, while the auditors excluded from their view, should be placed on the opposite bank, at an inconsiderable distance above the cliff, behind a projecting rock : the sweet and softened sounds re echoed from the bosom of these lofty winding hills and pre- cipices, so assail the ears from all points in succession, as if various instruments were playing in concert at different posi- tions and elevations. The course of the river from the Eagle's Nest to the upper lake, is very intricate, and much incumbered with rocks and shoals, which greatly impede the progress of the navigation: the wished for scene is impatiently expected at every turn, but one short reach of the river succeeds another, bound- ed by prejecting rocks, beyond which nothing appears but dis- tant mountains. The boat at length arrives at a small basin, encompassed with rocks, through which several outlets appear ; the widest passage corresponding with the course of the river, is naturally supposed to lead to the long wished, and eagerly sought object ; but here, to the astonishment of the stranger, the boat is suddenly put about, and directed through a narrow pass barely sufficient for its admission ; this strait leads to the upper lake, whose most distant shores, with the immense mountains which encompass them, instantaneously burst upon the view. The strait is called Coleman's Eye, in commemoration of a le- gendary hero of that name's imaginary exploit, who, in the eagerness of the chase, or in the keen pursuit of an enemy, leaped across the chasm, and left an indelible impression of his feet on the spot where he alighted. The upper lake is situat* ed in the midst of a vast amphitheatre, formed by stupenduous mountains, which encompass it in all directions, and display the most wild and romantic scenery : the pinnacles of the mountains are more elevated, the glens are deeper, the forests more extensive and of older growth, the rivers larger, and their falls more lofty and precipitate. Among these massy piles, Macgillycuddy's rocks stand pre-eminently conspicuous ; this range of mountains is visible from the lower lake, but on a nearer approach from the upper lake, they exhibit a very different aspect, instead of an assemblage of comical roil IRELAND. peaks, which a distant prospect presented, they now, on closer inspection, display a long narrow craggy ridge apparently re- duced like a wedge at the summit, which when examined, is found actually not less narrow than it appears from be- neath. The height of these mountains is about three thou- sand feet; they are often obscured by clouds, a circum- ifetance which adds to the general gloominess which prevails in these wild and sequestered regions. On entering the upper lake, the numerous islands profusely scattered through its ex- tensive surface in all directions, present to the view ledges of rocks, some bleak and terrific, while others exhibit a less savage aspect : most of these islands, though apparently con- sisting of solid masses of stone, are adorned with a profusion of trees and ever-greens, among which the Arbutus predo- minates. The vastness of the mountains, and the majestic ruggedness of the shores, display the solemn dignity of the most sublime object that can arrest the fancy, and inspire sentiments of astonishment, terror and admiration. The Ar- butus flourishes on all the lakes and shores of Killarney, but in the woods of Glena, and on the islands of the up- per lake, it attains a larger size, and its fine mellow green, intermingled with a miscellaneous foliage of lighter tints and different hues, adds a variety and richness to the sylvan scene; and its scarlet clustered berries, pendant over the dark rocks, produce a most striking and pleasing contrast. Among the clus- ter of islands situated at the western extremity of the lake, that called Ronayns appears the most conspicuous, where a cottage is erected for the accommodation of visitors ; a gravel walk commencing at the landing place, winds by the cottage, and thence round the rocks, leads to a natural terrace, situated on the summit of the island, elevated nearly forty feet above the level of the lake; the wildness and variety of the propect descried from this spot, transcends the power of language to delineate. In this vast amphitheatre of dreary solitude, no vestige of human industry, no habitation announcing the busy scenes of social life, distract the imagination from the sublime sen- sation and rapturous emotions inspired by the contemplation of this sequestered and alpine region. From this spot, the lake is descried, in all its intricate windings, studded with islands, and bounded by immense mountains, whose bases are fringed with forests, which extend a considerable distance up their steep and craggy sides; the shores of this lake are deeply in- dented by numerous wooded and rocky promontories, bays. HEW traveller's GUIDE inlets, and creeks, of which the most considerable is that named Newfoundland at the eastern extremity of the lake; the en- trance to it is very contracted, and is defended by two per- pendicular clilFs ; these barriers being passed, a great expanse of water is suddenly exhibited to the view, which from its mag- nitude might be appropriately denominated a fourth lake. On the right of this inlet, a steep overshadowing cliff abruptly rises, covered with straggling trees; on the opposite side it is bound- ed by masses of bleak rock, and an oaken forest occupies the centre space, through which a river flows, accessible to boats for an inconsiderable distance. Along the banks of this river nn irregular path winds, rendered dark and gloomy by the thick foliage of the treesj until at about half a mile's distance, fin open space suddenly appears, discovering a few cottages surrounded by small enclosures. The sound of falling water abruptly assails the ear, and on turning towards the mountain, a beautiful cascade is discovered beyond the trees at the head of the glen ; the fascinating attractions of this retreat absorb the ?oul into a temporary absence of all other considerations, and is totally rivetted on the novel objects, excluding every other re- flection ; no traces of human industry are discernible beyond the precincts of this solitary little hamlet, which is encircled by forests &nd mountains, whose inhabitants seem to be absolutely excluded from all intercourse with their own species: here the plough never imprinted a furrow; the rude agriculture is exe- cuted with the spade^ and the redundance of the proiluce is conveyed on horses' backs to the nearest and best market, along the rough and craggy path which winds along the borders of the stream. The inlet which receives the river of Dorrycunni- hy under Coflfin-point, displays a wild and romantic aspect : the cascade on this river is the most magnificent on the confines of Killarney, and is situated in the recesses of a thick forest, which conceals it from the lake. The numerous rocks and thick entangled underwood, render its approaches difficult. The water is first discovered, gushing out between two rocks at a considerable distance up the mountain, which, after a fall of about thirty feet, widely expands, sparkling between the Ibliage and rocks, so that each tree and rock appears to yieldl a distinct springing fountain ; these numerous rillets, after some devious rambles, reunite, and are collected into a deeply exca- vated cavity of the rock, whence the water impetuously rushes through a contracted channel, descending in a sheet of white ^>am, to the woods which lie beneath, where also another cascade POft IRELAND. IS formed ; then the river tumbles violently over a ledge of roclv^ into the lake. Minutely to describe every bay and inlet, every glen and cascade, with which this lake abounds, would b;* merely reiterating a similar echo of rocks, mountains^ woods, and rivers, in language inadequate accurately to discriminate the delicate varieties which might diversify description, without fatiguing the reader. The shores of the upper lake exhibit no extraordinary contrasts between the verdant lawn and russet heath, the graceful grove and entangled forest ; beauties with which the boundaries of the lower lakes are so erxhant- ingly chequered and diversified. The shores of the upper- lake display an unvaried scene of savage wildness of the hollow glen, and gloomy mountain ; the remoteness of its situation, the imcertainty of the climate, and the difficulty of procuring accommodations on its solitary confines, preclude an accurate examination of its rude majestic grandeur. To explore all the native curiosities of this lake can only be accomplished by a patient perigrination round its sh^^'es, and by pursuing tlie course of its different creeks and inlets ; an undertaking attend- ed with toil and difficulty from the ruggedness of the way^:, the steepness of the intervening mountains, and the depth and rapidity of the torrents : as each of the lakes exhibits a peculiar- ly distinctive characteristic feature ; the preference of particu- lar beauty attributable to either lake, must be decided by indi- vidual taste, as the fancy may happen to be gratified with the different aspects presented in a series of aquatic excursions. The lakes being now traversed, and the beauties of their islands being inspected, a sketch of the stupenduous mountains which incircle these romantic lakes, constitutes an essential ingredient of the description. Of these mountains, Macgillycuddy's reels are deemed the most elevated, and are supposed to be the loftiest peaks in this island ; the ascent to these lofty regions commences near Dunlo Gap ; the approaches in many places are almost inaccessible, as some of the perpendicular clifis cau only be scaled by the aid of oak saplings growing through their iissures ; the summit of the nearest peak thus gained after much peril and fatigue, appears less encumbered with rocks than the valley beneath, and is covered with heath and coarse grass as far as the sight can extend in all directions; on which innumerable herds of cattle are grazed. Beyond this rock, another peak rears its rugged and maje^jtic head, generally shrouded in a cloud ; the ascent to this pinnacle is not so steep as that to the first muuntaiai, but is rendered very tedious SS6 NEW traveller's Bantry Bay, and all other remarkable points situated in that section. The intenseness of the cold on this elevated bleak peak, quickly warns the necessity of a speedy departure. Thi:a mountain may be descended by two routes, the oxie tedious and circuitous, ihe other short and hazardous, interrupted by a precipice which necessarily must be crossed, an undertaking apparently impracticable, for which the experience of a guide finds an expedient, who composedly seats himself on that por- tion of the precipice, which presents a plain surface to the bottom, slides along, occasionally checking the rapidity of his motion by holding the long tufts of grass growing through the crevices on either side. This mode is adopted at all the intervening precipices of a similar description which obstruct the descent, until the bottom of the mountain is reached by this expeditious but terrific kind of posting. The mountain which next approaches these peaks in altitude, is Mangerton, situated to the south-east of Turk Lake ; the summijt of this mountain is rendered accessible by a road circuitously winding along its sides, and therefore is generally visited from an eacrer curiosity of beholding a very singular lake, called the Devil's Punch Bowl, situated within three nundred yards of its summit* and remarkable for the clearness and intense coldness of its water : it is about a quarter of a mile in diamiter, and immenseJy deep, erroneously deemed unfathomable ; in that part of the Bowl next to the Turk Lake, there i$ a chasm of equal depth with the circular sides above the lake, through which, the superfluous waters are discharged, forming a most delightful cascade ii; 2 X 338 NEW TRAVELLER*^ GUIDE their descent along the sloping side of the mountain. Th6 summit of Mangerton displays an immense plain, covered with coarse grass and heath ; its surface consists of a porous spongy substance, totally destitute of rocks, and is penetrable to a very great depth. The recurrence of fogs and mists is so frequent, that many curious wanderers are bewildered in their devious perigrinations ; in such a perplexity, the safest course to be adopted, is to remain stationary, particularly at the approach of night, rather than to encounter the numerous precipices with which this desert is environed. In this terrible dilemma, the loss of n night's comfort, and the inconvenience of being drenched by the wet mists of a cold and a dreary night under the broad canopy of heaven, are evils less to be dreaded than the probability of being shivered to atoms in some tremenduou^ gulph, obscured by the gloom of night. There are some con- siderable lakes situated in various directions along the extensive base of Mangerton, of which, Lough Etaun is the most con- siderable ; it is of an oval form, and about a mile in length, beautifully interspersed with many pleasant little islands. All these different lakes, by their connecting tributary streams^ contribute to supply the lakes of Killarney, many of which, environed by vast precipices, merit particular attention and minute inspection. Mangerton abounds in a more extensive Variety of mineral productions th^n any other of the con* tiguous mountains. In the vicinity of the Punch Bowl^ towards the summit of the mountain, various specimens of argillaceous schistug are discovered, the colour of which is generally of a yellowish hue, much decomposed, and separable^ into minute splinters. In the excavations made by the torrents lower down the mountains, whet-stones of the finest grain, and applicable to the nicest purposes, have been discovered bedded in yellow clay ; argillaceous upland iron ore is very abundant, as also are red and brown iron stones : in various places specular iron ore is found adhering to quartz ; numerous siliceous stones, but no calcareous substances are observable in the boundaries of these mountains. The relative elevations of Turk, Tomies, and Glena, are nearly similar, and among the mountains situated on the confines of the Upper Lake, the Purple-mountain and the Sugar -loaf, approach the nearest in magnitude to the Magillycuddy peaks. In the catalogue of rare indigenous plants, digested by the indefatigable industry of Doctor Wade, that celebrated Botanic professor to the Dublin Society, the mountaitis of Kerry appear to afford the greatest variety. The FOR IRELAND. S39 professor's authority is Implicitly to be relied on, as he has in- serted no plant in his collection that he has not personally discovered in his laborious researches. — See the Transactions of the Dublm Society^ 1804. Wild and dreary as the western mountainous district of the County of Kerry may appeal' to be, it can nevertheless exhibit a numerous, hardy, and indus- trious population, chiefly occupied in pasturing numerous herds of cattle, from the produce of whose milk a great portion of most excellent butter is produced, which is exported from Cork and Limerick to every civilized region of the universe. These wild and dreary tracts are not measured by acres, but parcelled out by the lump, of which, their respective portions are alloted to the different families constituting the common firm, or partnership, who thus become conjointly responsible for the particular shares into which the original holding is subdivided; where grazing only can be followed, many advantages must acrue from the prevalence of ^uch a practice : it supercedes the necessity of multiplied superintendence, and prevents squabbles about boundaries, where the benefit derived from their existence would not defray the cost of their erection. This County was formerly remarkable for a small but beautiful breed of black cattle, which is gradually yielding to a larger race, which the spirit of innovation is substituting in its room ; so that the real Kerry cow is now rarely to be found, except upon the moun^ tains bordering upon Bantry Bay^ The size of this animal scarcely exceeds that of an ordinary yearling calf, and it is the opinion of many intelligent inhabitants, that this hardy diminu- tive race was better adapted to the nature of the soil and circumstances of the country : the abundance and richness of the milk yielded by these little animals is astonishing. Im- mense herds of goats brouse on these mountains, whose milk is consumed by the peasantry, as the coarse butter it produces is unfit for the export market : the rambling disposition of these creatures, ranging through the mountains to a considerable dis- tance, where their white dots are only discernible, would render it almost impossible for the owners to collect them to the milk-pail, were it not for the assistaace derived from their dogs. At the usual milking time, in the evening, the woman moves deliberately from the cottage, accompanied by two little dogs, casts a look round the mountains to discover where the herd took their station, which, at the moment, are perhaps brousing at the distance of some miles ; she then points it out to the dogs, who? on the signal, run off at. fiUl s^ed,; she in the meaniiinp.lays SIO NEW teaVelxer's guide clown her pails, and patiently waits the return of h^r faithful mes- sengers, sitting on a stone ; after a short interval, the herd cn the mountain is descried in full motion, collected in a compact body, and quickly skipping down its declivity; and in less thaii an hour, the whole herd is collected about the cottage door ; should any prove refractorj'^, and betray an inclination to disobey the summons, they are quickly reduced to yield. The herbage is not calculated for the rearing of sheep, and in some i:)laces it is considered as actually poisonous; the few that arc )red in these cold regions, are of a very diminutive size, but the flesh has the mo$t delicious flavour. The vallies situated between these mountains, if judiciously cultivated, are capable of yielding abundant crops ; but the natives insensible of the value of the soil, confine their agricultural improvements to the tilling some scanty spots contiguous to their habitations, barely sufficient to produce oats and potatoes adequate to the con- sumption of the family ; which, with the milk produced from their kine, constitute their principal food : great portions of these mountains are reclaimable, and only want judgment and enterprize to render them productive. The great impediment which obstructs general improvement in these mountainousi tracts, is the scarcity of proper carriage-ro^ds, for the con^ veyance of lime to the different little farms, scattered through this district. All burdens are conveyed on the backs of little horses, who traverse these wild regions v^ith a boldness and dexterity incredibly astonishing. What at present are denor minated mountain-roads, are only narrow horse tracks, scarcely discernible through the heath, which sometimes run along the verge of steep and frightful precipices for a considerable dis- tance, which none but the natives would attempt to encounter. The butter of this district is conveyed to Cork by the owners, on the backs of hordes composed of groups, consisting of about twenty animals moving in a string. The mountaineer descends with his rich burden into the cultivated plains and populous towns, where mingling and associating with his more polished fellow beings, he returns inspired with new incentives, and supplied with the means of adopting the social habits of civil- ized life : from observation he feels the necessity of cultivating the English language, and the advantages resulting from a knowledge of writing and arithmetic ; and the establishment of little schools, where the elementary principles of such primarily essential qualifications may be acquired, is the natural conse- quence of this periodical intercourse. The peasantry of th-^ rOR lUELAND. S41 district are decently and well cloathed; and the fenfl^les, in the Barony of Iveragh, wear a very becoming dress, consisting of a crimson jacket, or scarlet cloth, fitted very close round the neck and bosom, and fastened in front with a row of buttons; this habit appears to be of Spanish origin. Fuel, a very essen-- tial article of domestic comfort, is abundant through the mountains. For a copious description of these lakes, see Weld's Jilegant Acconnt of Killarnry and the Surrounding Districts 343 NEW tkavellee's atTlD£ A Table of Fairs held in this County every month of the J^ldcss whers held* Dates* Feb. Kilgobenet - - - 11 March. Ardfeit - - - - 25&27 jlj^ril* Tarbert - - - - 19 Miltowii - - - - 26&27 Mat/, Ballinclare - - - i Ballicleave - - - 1 Droumkeen - «- - 2 Currens - - - - 6 Kiliin - - - - 11&12 j^istowel - - - - 13 Granshaw - - - 15& 16 vScortagleny - - - 17& 18 Kilorfijin - - - - 19&20 Needen - - - - 22 MuUahuffe - - - 26&27 Bunmore - - - 1 Kilgobenet - - - 4 A rarer t - - - 7 Nautenane - - - 7 & 8 Droiimirork 10 Tarbcrt - - - - 22 Miltown - - - - 2S& 24 Kilorfjlin - - - - 30 July. Needen - - - - 1 Killarncy - - - 4 Kilfin 8 Ardfert - - - - 9 places where held* Droumkeen - - Montanagee - - Listowel - - Castle Island Ballicleave - Tralee - - Kilorglin Tabret - - Scortagleny - Currens - - Miltown - • Castlemain Montanagee Beale - - Needen - Castle Island Ballinclare - Ballicleave - Kilfin - - Tralee - - Droumirork - Scortagleny - Kilgobenet * Gleneragh - • Listowel - - Currens - - ■ Roughty bridge July. 16 19 .25 August. 1 2 4 & 5 12 12 18 21 23&24 Sep. 3 22 24 26 Gransha Kiian Oct. 1 4 6 7 & 3 9 &10 17& 18 19&20 21 28 28 25 29 Nov. 1 5 FOR lK£LAKi). 34 Places u'htre held, . Tune^ Nov. Tralee - - - - , 7 & 8 Bunmore - - - 10 Killarney - - - 11 Droumkeeii - - - 15 Kilorglin - . . I 18 Needen .... | 20 Castlemain - - - 21 Places wheri held, Ballicleave - - Montanagee - - Droumirork - • Tarbret - - - Miltown ... Scortagleny - - Kilgobenet ~ - KEw traveli^r's aviD)i COUNTY OF ROSCOMMON". The County of Roscomjvio'^ is separated from the coun- ties of Longford and Westmeath by the river Shannon on the east; it is bounded by Gal way on the south; on the west by Mayo ; on the north by Sligo ; and on the north east by Leitrim. Its greatest extent from north to south is forty se- ven Irish miles, and about twenty-nine Irish miles from east to west where broadest ; its surface comprises 346,650 Irish plan- tation acres, including bogs, mountains, and waste ; it contains six Baronies, Moycarne, Athlone, Roscommon, Ballimoe, Bal- lintober, and Boyle; which are divided into fifty-six parishes. The whole extent of its eastern boundary is watered by the Shan- non ; and the river Suck, for a considerable distance, divides it from the county of Galway ; it is pleasantly interspersed with other numerous streamlets, which direct their course to the river Shannon, There are no lakes of considerable magni- tude in this county, although it abounds ^yith small fresh water collections, sufficiently extensive to diversify the surface, and multiply its beauties. There are some lofty hills scattered through this county, which do not assume the cfharacter of even secon- dary mountains. The soil in some districts ^of this county is extremely fertile, and generally consists of lime-stone and lime- stone gravel, equally adapted for tillage or for pasture ; most of its grounds are occupied in grazing. It gives the title of Baron to the family of Dillon, S45 Parishes in the Barony of Moycarne^ Moore, Creagb, ROADS. On the road passing from Shannon Bridge to Ballmasloe, near the sixty-eighth mile stone, the road from Athlone unites on the right; at the seventy- first mile stone, a road from Ath- lone unites on the right : here lie the ruins of an old castle and a church to the right; here the river Suck bounds the county, over which a strong bridge is constructed to facilitate the com- munications with the county of Galway, This road runs in a parallel direction with the river Suck from Shannon Bridge, until the termination of the county, at the bridge leading to the town of Ballinasloe. On the road running between Athlone and Ballinasloe, at the sixty-fourth mil^ stone, are situated the ru- ins of an old church on the right ; at the sixty-sixth mile stone, the road from Miltown-pass unites on the right, and a little farther on, are situated the ruins of an old castle to the left ; beyond the sixty-seventh mile stone stands TuUeigh, the resi- dence of St. George, Bart, on this side of the sixty-ninth mile stone, a cross road on the right stretches towards Athleague; at the seventieth mile stone are situated the ruins of an okl cas- tle on the left ; at the seventy-first mile stone, the road from Roscommon unites on the right : here the roads from Shannon Bridge, Athlone, and Roscommon, conterminate on this side of the bridge, immediately communicating with Ballinasloe as already noticed ; there are no remarkable towns or villages in this Barony, nor is it distinguished for any memorials of anti- quity worthy to be recorded. Parishes in the Barony of Athlone. Portion of Connaught, Tessararagh, St. John's, Kilmain, Porterin. Disert, St. Peter, Taghmaconnel, Taghboy, Portion of Athlone, Raharrow, Killenvoy, Kiltoom, Drum, Fuerty, 2 y NEW'TkAVELLKR^S GUIDE The great western thoroughfare, communicating between Athlono and the difierent large towns, situated in various part^ of Connaught, on this side of the sixty-first mile stone, subdi- vides into three principal branches ; that on the left, as already described, leads to Ballinasloe; the centre road stretches to- wards Tuarn, and the third road sweeping to the right, winds to Roscommon town; at the sixty-second mile stone, the road passing between Athlone and Tuam is intersected by the Cro- iiaugh river; on this side of the sixty-third mile stone, are situ-» ated the ruins of Carton Castle on the right, and a cross road on the right slopes to Athieague ; at the sixty -fourth mile stone, stands the little hamlet of Bally muUalen, and a cross road on the left sweeps towards Drum ; at the sixty-fifth mile stone, the road passes between two small lakes connected by a brook in- tersecting the road. Front these lakes, the Cronaugh river de- rives its source : here a cross road on the right leads to Mil- town-pass, and a little farther on, another on the left runs to Ballinasloe; on this side of the sixty-seventh milestone, are sir. taated the ruinsof an old church on the left; at the sixty-eighth mile stone, stand the ruins of Disert chvuxh situated on the left; a little beyond the sixty-ninth mile stone, stands the 5mall village of Thomas Street; a cross road on the left, leads to Ballinasloe, and another on the right runs towards Ros- common. Balliforan, — On the eastern bank of the river Suck, is situ- ated the village of Baiiiforan, distant seventj^-one miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin. Here the county termi-^- nates in this direction ; at the village of Athieague in this Baro-r ny, an abbey was founded on the borders of the river Suck, In the year 58(>, St. Patrick founded a monastery at the viU lage of Cloneraft'in th'S Barony. At Ransdown, a village on Loughrie, in this Barony, a priory was founded for the Knights Hospitalers, or Cross Bearers, in the reign of King John, to v/hich establishment, Philip Kangle bequeathed considerable possessions in the reign of Henry the Third. In 1226, the Castle of Ransdown was strongly fortified by the Englisji. In 3 237, the town was sacked and plundered by Phelim O'Con- ner ; very f »w fragments of either town or cagtle now exist, Clarus, Archdeacon of Elphin, founded a church here, dedi- cated to the Holy Trinity. At the fourth mile stone, on the road passing between Athlone and Roscommon town, a cross road on the left, leads to Mount Talbot ; on this side of the filth mile &tone, arc situated the ruins of an old castle to the ^OU IRELAND* S47 left, and a little farther on, lie the ruins of Archnillen Castle in the same direction ; at the tenth mile stone, stands the neat lit- tle village of Sandfield ; at the thirteeutli mile stone, is situated on the left, the beautiful residcnco of Sir Crofton, Bart, here the road from Lanesborough unites on ttie right ; the road from thence to the town of Roscommon, distant fifteen miles from Athlone, runs through the small intervening tract of coun- try exhibiting from its solitary appearance, no indications of a populous and ancient town lying so immediately conti- guous* To Balliforan hy AMonc. Miles, Athlone, - * — 591 Ballymullalonj - - 4| 64? Thomas Street, - - 5^ 69i Balliforan, - - ^ 2 Ilk Parishes in the Barony of Roscommon. Cloncraft, Bumlin, Kilteevan, Elphin^ Camma, Killuken, Kiicooly, Clonfinlogh, Lissonuffy, Kiltrustan, Clontuscart, Shankill, Ogulla, Kilbride, Templeneilan, Tarmonbarry, Kilgeffin, Athleague, Kilglasse, The road issuing from Lanesborough on the Roscommou side of the river Shannon, forks into two branches, that on the right leads to Strokcstown, and the other on tlie left, to Ros- common town ; on this side of the liixty-fifth mile stone, a cross road on the right, runs towards Strokestown ; at the sixty-sixth mile stone, a cross road from Strokestown, unites on the right, and another on the left, sweeps towards Athlone; at tlie sixty- seventh mile stone, a cross road on the right, branches towards Tulsk, and a road from Athlone unites on the left. Roscommon^ — Distant sixty-nine miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is the shire and assizes town of the county ; it has a barrack for a troop of horse ; it is for- tified by a castle erected in 1268. In 540, an abbey for re^ 3Sf£W TRAVELLER'S GUIDE gular canons was founded by St Cloeman, a disciple of St. Fin- nian's. In 1123, this abbey was presented with a piece of the Holy Cross, by Turlogh O'Conner. In 1134, the people of Munster plundered and burned this abbey. In 1360, the town was destroyed by fire. Queen Elizabeth granted this abbey, with all its possessions, to Sir Nicholas Malbye, Knight. In 1253, a Dominican Friary was founded here by Phelem O' Con- ner, King of Connaught, who was interred in a fine monu- ment of Irish marble. The sculpture on the monument repre- sents the monarch surrounded by his body guards, habited in an Irish military dress worn in that age. This monument still exists, though very much defaced. In 1808, this friary w^as destroyed by lightening. The friary with all its possessions, was also granted to Sir Richard Malbye, Knight. In 1269, a friary for conventual Franciscans was founded here, respecting which, no other records are preserved, but that, in the following year, it was consumed by fire. This town was a borough previous to the Union. The road from Athlone, as already noticed, unites on the left. Three roads issue from this town; that on the right leads to Tulsk, the centre road runs to Castlerea, and the third on the left, stretches towards Mount Talbot. Athleagiie — Is a small village, distant seventy-three miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin. Here the road from Athlone unites on the left, and a cross road on the right, leads to Creggs. Mount Talbot — Is a neat small village, distant seventy- six miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, and pleasantly situated on the eastern bank of the river Suck. The road from Athlone unites on the left, and in continuation, cros- ses the river Suck, which here terminates the county. On the road leading from Roscommon to Castlerea, at the seventy-se- cond mile stone, is situated Clover Hill, a beautiful residence, the property of Latouche, Esq. ; at the seventy-fourth mile etone, lie the ruins of an old castle on the left, and the beauti- ful demense cf Runnemede is situated on the right. Parishes i?i the Barony of Ballimoe. Oran, Clonmagormacum, Drumtemple On this side of the seventy-fifth mile stone, the road from Athieague joins on the left, and a church stands on the right ; FOR iRiXAND. at the seventy-seventh mile stone, the ruins of an old church arc situated on the left ; at the seventy-eight mile stone, a cross road on the right, runs towards Tulsk, and the ruins of an old church lie on the left. At the eighty one mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Tulsk. In the half Barony of Ballimoe, situated in the county of Roscommon, there are no remarkable towns or villages, but that portion of it bordering on the river Suck is thickly interspersed with neat mansions^ and delightful demesnes, to whose appearance the proximity oS so considerable a stream must give additional charm^s. To Mount Talbot ly Roscommon. Roscommon Athleague Mount Talbot Miles; Parishes in the Barony of Ballintohbcr. KilluUagh, Ballintobber, Baflick, Kilcorkey, Kilkevan, At the seventy-eight mile stone, stands the decayed village of Ballintobber, anciently celebrated for being the residence of 0*Conner, King of Connaught, the fragments of whose cas- tle still exist to attest the gloomy grandeur of its fallen great* ness. Castlerea — Is a neat comfortable little village, distant eighty- four miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, this vicinity is thickly strewed with beautiful seats, inhabited by their opu- lent and hospitable proprietors; three roads issue from this town, one on the left, leads to Dunmore, the centre road runs to Ballinlough, and tlie third inclining to the right, sweeps by two ramifications to French Park and Lough Glin. Ballinlough — Is an inconsiderable straggling village, distant eighty-nine miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin ; a cro^ road on the right, leads to Dunmore ; here the county terminates in this direction ; at the sixty-fourth mile stone, on the road leading from Lanesborough to Strokestown, are situ- ated the ruins of an old castle on the left, near the verge of a bog, through which the road runs for a considerable distance ; at the sixty-sixth mile stone, stands MullaghnAsliee church., si- NEW traveller's GUIDB tiiated at some distance to the right, and forming a conspicu* ous landmark, from its elevated and commanding position on tlie summit of Slievc Ben mountain ; at the sixty eight mile stone, the road from Tarmonbarry bridge joins on the right; at the seventieth mile stone, the road from Roscommon conterminates on the left. StroJcesto'con — Is a smart neat town, distant seventy miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin ; here is a magnificent mansion, the residence of Ross Mahon Esq. ; two roads issue from this town, one on the right, leads to Elphin, and the other on the left, nuis to Tulsk ; here is a plain neat church, adorned with a spire and steeple ; on this side of the se- venty-fourth mile stone, a cross road from Roscommon, joins on the left, and the ruins of an old castle are situated on the right. To Ballinlough hy Strotcesto'wn. (Miles.) Strokestown 70 TldBk - 5i 75| Castle Plunket H 78| ,Ca?:tlerea - 5| 84-2 Ballinlough. - . 5 k 89| TtiUJi^ Distant seventy-five miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, though now a miserable bamlet, consisting of a few mud cabbins, was formerly deemed a place of considerable impor- taoce, of which the promiscuous and indiscriminate ruins of towers, castle.^, forts, and churches, bear ample testimony. Here a formidable castle was erected by O'Conner Roe in 1406. The monastery for Dominican Friars, is supposed to have been founded by'Phelim Cleary O'Conner, who was slaijR by a wound inflicted" by a spear at Kilcullen, and was interred in this abbey in 1448. It was a Borough previous to the Union. Three roads issue from this town ; one on the left, l(}ads to Castlerea, the centre road runs to French-park, and the third road sloping on the right, sweeps tov/ards Ef^hin ; at-the eigblieth mile stone, the road from Castlerea unites on the left. ^ FOR IREtAND. To FrencJi'parJc hy Tulslc. Tulsk Belanagar French-park (Miles.) bt 2:- 81 83i- Bdanagar — Is a neat small village, distant eiglity-ono miles from the eastle of DubUn ; near this village are the ruins of nn old church. This vicinity is thickly inhabited by an opulent gen- try; at the eighty-third mile stone, are situated the ruins of u church, and an old abbey on the right ; a cross road on tlio right leads to Boyle, and another on the left, runs to Castle- rea ; at the eighty-five mile stone^ stands French-park church on the left, and the delightful mansion and dimense of French- park stand on the right; at the eighty-seventh mile stone, the ruins of an old church are situated on the left, and a little far- ther on, the river Gara bounds the coiiiity in this direction. The road from Tarmonbarry bridge to Strokestown, is by one mile lono-er than the road leadin^j from Lanesborou^h ; on th(> road leading from Strokestown to ICIpliin, at the seventy-se- cond mile stone, stands Kilthruston church on the right, and a chain of small lakes range along the road to the left; on this ^ide of the seventy-fourth mile stone, the road crosses the Ovveu Ure river, i'/pAm,— Distant seventy-five miles and a quarter from tlie Castle of Dublin, is a small neat village. It was erected into an Episcopal See by St. Patrick, who consecrated St. Assicuti its first bishop, who introduced a celebrated college of monks, over whom he presided; in process of time it was converted into a parish church, dediocted to the original founder. In 1167, it was consumed by fire. In 1177, the English destroy- ed this town by fire. At the suppression of monastic institu- tions, the possessions pertaining to the Monar-tic establishment were granted to Terence O'Birne. The episcopal palace is a magnificent residence. The diocesan cchool-house is a plain ^substantial building. This place gave birth to the celebrated Oliver Goldsmith, whose compositions will be admired as long W> the English language exists a living tongue. The road from Tulsk unites on the left; two roads issue from this town, one on the right, leads to Drumsniisnave bridge, Jamestown, and Carrick on Shannon, the other on the left, runs tov/ai ds Abbev Boyle. 352 NEW TRAVELLER'S CKJIDE Parishes in the Barony of Boyle', Kilronan, KillukeHi Aghrim, Ardcarne, Boyle, Creeve, Eastersnew, Kilbrine, Kilcola, Kilmacumpsy, Kilmore, Kilnaman?i, Killumod, Tumna, Tivohine. On this side of the seventy-eight mile stone, are situated the ruins of Kambo Castle on the verge of a lake to the right, and the ruins of an old church and castle lie on the left ; at the se- venty-ninth mile stone, a cross road on the left, sweeps towards Castlerea. At the eighty mile stone, stands Easter Snow church on the right, and a cross road winding on the right leads to Ardcarney. On this side of the eighty-two mile f tone, a cross road on the left branches towards Castle- rea. At the eighty-three mile stone, a road winds on the Jeft to French Park, and the road from Carrick on Shannon unites on the right. To Boyle hy Strolcestown. Mile?, Strokestown . . • . — 70 Elphin 51 75f Boyle 8f 84i Boyle^ — Distant eighty four miles and a half from Dubhn Cas- tle, is pleasantly situated on a river of the same name, over which two fine stone bridges are erected ; here is a fine church, and a barrack for a troop of horse. It is strictly governed conformably to the spirit of the charter, granted by King James the First. On one of the bridges, a pedestrian statue of King William the Third is placed on the north side of the river; and a little eastward of the town, lie the ruins of a stately abbey founded in 1152. In 1235, the English forces commanded by the Lords Justices Fitzgerald, and M'William, encamped in this abbey, and pillaged the Monks. In 1315, the abbey was plundered by Rory (V Conner. Queen Elizabeth granted this abbey with all its possessions, to Patrick Cusacke of Gerrards- town, in the county of Meath. The remains of this edifice, which lie enclosed in the Earl of Kingston's dcmensc, attest its rO,R IRELAND. 3S5 ancient splendour and magnificence* The great arches which supported the tower were about forty-six feet high, and are deemed perfect models of Gothic architectural grandeur ; the stones of which they are composed, are of so firm and close a texture as will withstand the severest assaults of all corroding lime ; near the abbey stands the stump of a round tower. Two roads issue from this town, one on the left leads to Tobbercurry^ and the other on the right, runs towards Sligo ; it was a borough previous to the Union. At the eighty-six mile stone, stands Ballaghbuy mountain on the right, and at the eighty-seven mile stone, the county terminates in this direction. To the east of Boyle is situated the beautiful Lough Key. 364^ KEW TBAVELLEU*S GUIDE A Table of Fairs held in this County every^ month in the year. Flaces where held^ Time, Places where held^ Time, Jan, 7 Ballinagar . . • 1 IVfniint T'nlKrvf 1VJ.UU1JL X (llUUiC • * 1 Am 6 Ballyleag , . . 14. Strokpstnwti Feb. Croaghan . . . J. VJ j| oriiJaiiuarry • • 1 X Castlerea . • . • o\ ML XJcivly laiklKJil • • • 8 Newmarket ... ZD Leckcarrow . . • £i f ■ Mar, 17 Kilcorkey . . . July 17 Bplonljicrn c D Apr, Ballifarnham JL^U * XJ.XCliX XXXXMiXXX • 0 yj T^nll vTairnnn JLi^CllJ y XCliJL XAv/H • • • 15 Gti^isk . . . i 9 JL ULioA. • • • • 19 Athleague . . . 1 1 French P^rk Boyle a • • • » X ^ May ^ >l C W IIJ ClX JVC- 1/ • • • Loughglin ... 29 3 Ardsalagh . 30 XVlJ JVt y • • a 6 'OclSllCoctlll IJo Vyll • • 7 Kilcorkey . , « JL \JL liiclAi ILfClil 1 y • • 7 i.VXUUilL J. ctlLrUt • • Fuerty . • , . jLfCAXl. y i.Lx\A.i. I y • • • 10 Ballinagar • • 5 JJciillild'Si'cli • • • 1 .AQtlpcjuVincrm \^'aotlCcciJlIIJov/xl ^ a o ■ f» c? 1 1 n 1^ v^asuepiunKei • • 1 1 «j> I Ifinrron XJcill^cLH • . . • O Xiock field • , • VxisLiepiUlllveL • • 1^ oiioKesLOwn • • t ft 1 iTTlTirii'if'V'ir xjcuiyiiiuiiy • » , 1 ft jLidxi y icti iiuix • • 9 39 Grivisk • . . . xO «n.i. cinciJcii^ii • • • IQ 1 orrn a Ti hf) T r V A v/x xxxcixx k/cxx X y a a 1 1 X uci t y • • • • 1 Q Tulsk OA Ji XV^llV^XX X CLi t\ • • 21 Knockrroo'hpr/i ^ X V^abllcICcl • • • V-/tlaLx tied ... Danian .... 25 Ballintobber 25 Loughglin , . , 25 Ballinafad ... 27 Boyle .... 30 Belonlagh . . . 31 Sep, Loughglin . . . 12 June Glinsk , . * • 18 Tiil^k • : . . 4 Bally farnon . • . 19 FOR IRELAND. Places where held. French Park Athleague . Leckcarrow . Rockfield Ballinlough Kilcorkey Boyle . . . Newmarket . Castleplunket Loughgliu . Grivisk . . Ardsalagh . Strokestown Ballyfarnon . Knockcroghera Ballyleag . . Croaghan . « Time* SepU 21 24 27 28 29 29 OcU 1 5 n 14 16&17 19 19 21 25 25 28 Places where held. Belonlagh . . Mount Talbot Tormanbarry Bailinagar • Castlerea Danian • . Tulsk . . Strokestpwn Fuertj . , Roscommon Elphin • . Ballifarnon . Leckcarrow . Mount Talbot Newmarket . Time. October 31 Nov. 1 2 3& 4 7 9 15 16 21 Dec. 5 10 16 20 21 2S S5Q NEW traveller's! pUIIXE COUNTY OF GALWAY. The County of Galway — Is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, pn the north by Mayo, on the north-east by Roscommon, on the cast it is separated from the King's County and Tipperary by the river Shannon, and on the south it is bounded by Clare and Galway bay, the largest bay in this island. This county is the second in magnitude in Iveli«id, its extent being very little inferior to Cork, unquestionably the most con- siderable county in this kingdom. The greatest extent of Gal- way from north, is about forty-three Irish miles, and from east, about seventy-six Irish miles. Its surface comprises 989,959 acres Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountains, and waste. It contains seventeen baronies, including the town and liberties of Galway, which constitute a distinct county in them- selves. Bwonies^ in the County of Galway^ Ross, Ballynahinch, (^lare, Donamore, Ballymoe, Kiliyan, Tyaquin, Kilconnel, Athenry, Moycullen, Clonmj^cowenj Longford, Dunkellin,, Leitrim, Loughrea, Kiltartan, These baronies together with the Isles of Arran attached to this county, are divided into an hundred and sixteen parishes. The eastern portion of this county is well adapted for grazing, til- FOR IRELAND^ 35? lage, or pasture ; the soil is generally composed of a light lime- stone gravel, which rears numerous flocks of sheep, and herds of light black cattle, tl^e surface in many places is too much incum- bered with rocks, which become a great obstacle to extensive agri-? culture, as it requires great expense, patience, and labour, totally to eradicate them ; a disposition which seems not as yet to have been generally adopted by the land holders and land proprietors of this county, as the less expensive mode of grazing is universally followed ; and the unaided fertility of the soil supplies sufScient jiourishment for the stock, accurately estimated by the farmer, as sufficient to yield a comfortable livelihood, and a reasonable profit ; hence results that wild and uncultivated appearance, that those very extensive and improveable tracts exhibit, but which if judiciously and carefully rnanaged, would comfortably support a numerous and industrious popuktion. The surface of this county, from the banks of the Shannon to the town of Galway, is beautifully diversified with undulating swells of sufficient magnitude to gratify the imagination, by a pleasing variety of prospect, but never approximating to the sublime grandeur of the stupenduous and elevated mountain, whose lofty peak never fails to inspire the mingled sensations of terror and admiration. Nature has done eyery thing for this district ; human industry has withheld its co-operation with a parsimonious niggardness ; ^s the thinly scattered improvements, occasionally discovered, and but lately commenced, unequivocally prove, to what an indes- cribable degree of beauty it may arrive by appropriate paius to adorn its present bleak and naked aspect with the verdant fol- iage of the farest. The \o\y marshy grounds lying contigious to rivers, or subject to occasional inundations in tnis country, denominated Turloughs, do, in the summer season, produce a prodigious quantity of coarsp grass, on which numerous herds pf young cattle are grazed dpring the dry months ; for the re- mainder of the year, they exhibit the appearance of extensive fresh water lakes; most of these aqueous collections, might cer- tainly be effectually drained, and thus reclaimed, would become fertile and productive possessions. That portion of the county situated on the western shore of Loughcorrib, is a continual chain of , wild aqd stupenduous mountains, through which some fertile v^llies are parsimoniously scattered. The grounds or rather quarries encompassing the shores of the majestic Lougli- cprrib, are an uninterrupted ledge of limestone rocks, in whose fissures a fine vegetable mould is deposited, producing a sweet herbage greedily devoured by sheep brousing on this scanty but deliciou-s pasture; next to the Shannon, which forms the eastern S5? NEW TRAVEILER'S guide boundary of the county, the most considerable riyers are thfe jguck and the Black Water, which in some parts of their courses, constitute its boundaries. The Clare, Galway, and Dunmore rivers are respectable in magnitude, and impetuous in career ; besides which, there are numerous other streamlets flowing iri all directions, obscurely useful, and unostentaciously ornamentaL To enumerate its lakes, it is only necessary summarily to observe, that underneath the base of every hill, a fresh water pool of greater Or less magnitude is deposited, whose waters are filtrat- ed through the sandy strata of the circumjacent f^minences. The lakes thus peculiarly formed, are frequently destitute of all con- duits to carry oft' the redundancy of the accumulation, which swells enormously in the rainy season, until it is subsequently absorbed by the cherishing rays of a vernal sun. The moun- tainous district situated on the western coast of the lake, and stret4;hing in immense masses towards the Atlantic Ocean, pro- duce an exhaustless source of irriguous fountains gurgling from the craggy peaks of these stupenduous piles, that every valley is intersected with a streamlet, generated by the humidity of the isuperincumbent masses. The population of this county is very disproportioned to its vastly extended surface ; the champaign and cultivable portions are almost exclusively deyotcd to the breeding and grazing of cattle, and the proprietors of the wild and mountainous tracts do not hold forth a sufficient security and encouragement to experienced agriculturists, disposed to re- claim and colonize their deserts, on the speculation of a subse- quent permanent occupancy. The brute creation monopolize^ the possession of the arable and cultivable districts, and the contracted narrow policy of the proprietors of th^ mountains prohibits emigration to these inhospitable regions ; as the famed Dragon which churlishly guarded the golden appl^, and pro- hibited all strangers from peeping at the forbidden fruity so ait avaricious cupidity for present and immediate prpfit, excludesj every proposal made according to the relative value of the raw and coarse material, destined to be improved by laborious in- dustry ; but it is sincerely hoped, that a more enlightned spirit will soon blaze forth, which will estimate the value of the article, as it actually exists, and not as what it might arrive to by pain- ful application ; the sod of the soil is unquestionably the land- lord's unalienable right, but the benefit acruing from the expence and labour of modelling and improving the quality, certainly ought to constitute the cultivator's property. 559 Pat'ishes in the Barony of Longford. Abbeygormagan^ Faghy, Killoran^ Clonfert, Killinan, Kilquane^ Donanaghta, Killimerbulloge, Kiltormer* To JLoughrea ly Porhmna. Miles. f ortumna . . . — | Tlf Tinagh . . . .411 79 Loughrea • . • 7| | 86|- Porfumna — Distant seventy-four miles and three quarters frbin Dublin Castle, is a neat small village, which communicates with the county of Tipperary, by means of » wooden bridge con- structed ovel* the river Shannon ; here is a barrack for a troop of horse and two companies of foot. The castle is a venerable mansion, wherein the most noble the Marquis of Clanrickard generally resits. The Monks of the Cistertian abbey of Dun- brody, in the county of Wexford, built a chapel here, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul ; which on being abandoned by the original founders, was granted by O'Madden Dynast of the county, to the Dominican Friars, who with the consent of the Monks of Dunbrody, erected a friary, and a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary, in conjunction with the original patron saints ; the walls are still nearly entire, which prove that the abbey of Portumna Was a very considerable structure ; its anci- ent choir is converted into a parochial church* A cross road on the right leads to Eyrecourt. At the seventy-seven mile stone, a cross road on the left runs towards Gort. At the seventy-eight mile stone, a cross road on the right stretches to- wards Eyrecourt, and a little farther on, the road crosses the Killimure river. At the seventy-nine mile stone is situated Flower Hill on the right, the delightful residence of Lord Ri- verston. At the eighty mile stone, the road from Woodford joins on the left. At the eighty-one mile stone lie the ruins of Palace Castle on the left. On this side of the eighty-two miie stone, Tinah church is situated on the right, where the road from Eyrecourt joins in the same direction ; and Spring-garden the beautiful residence of — ^Pearce, Esq, is situated on the left. 360 l^EW TKAVELtEtl's GO'IDlT Pamhes in the Barony of Lertrim^ Clonriish, Iniscaltra, Kilmeeri, Ballinakil, Kilcooly, Teinagh, Kilteskin, Leitriin. On this side of the eighty-four mile stone, a cross road from Eyrecourt joins on the right, and a road sloping towards Woodford, sweeps to the left; a little farther on stand the ruins of an old castle to the right, and the fine demense of Streamstown is situated on the left. At the eighty-five mile stone, lie the ruins of an old castle to the left. At the eighty- six mile stone, stand the ruins of an old castle on the right, and Dalystown, the fine mansion and well planted demense of the liight Hon. Denis Bow es Daly, representative for this extej]i.sive and independent county, is situated on the left. On the road passing between Banagher and Loughrea, the county of Galvvay commences on the western bank of the river Shannon. At the seventy mile stone, the ruins of an old castle lie on the right. Clonfert^ — An ancient Bishoprick, is situated to the right of this road, commanding a fine prospect of the Shannon. In 553 St. Branden founded an abbey here, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, who erected the church into a cathedral, and constituted it an Episcopal see. The abbey and village of Clon- fert were frequently pillaged by the leaders of native contending septs, as well as by the rapacious and plundering Danes. In 1175, Roderick O'Connor, King of Connaught, appointed Can- thred, abbot of Clonfert, in conjuction with Catholicus, Arch- bishop of Tuam, his ambassadors to attend King Henry the Second ; on the suppression of the abbey, its possessions were annexed to the episcopal revenues : during the middle ages, the church v/as celebrated for its seven altars ; its western front supposed to have been erected in 1270, still exists a beautiful structure. Parishes in the Barony of Loughrea. Loughrea, Kilconickny, Kilnadeema, Kilthomas, Iserkelly, Killinan. FOR IRELAND. 36,1 To Ought erard by Eyre Court, Eyi-e Court . . . • Killimure Bridge . . . • i.ouorhrea . . . • . Crajrhwell Bridsre .... Oraninore Galway ..... Galway distant by the Bariagher imd Drumcong .... Ouffhterard ..... (Miles.) — 711 78| 88 G 94 7i IOIt 106^ 1061 5 113 6| 1191 Eijvccourt^ — Distant seventj^-one miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, is a straggling liltle village pleasingly situated on a bold rising ground, commanding an extensive prospect; con- tiguous to the village stands Eyrecourt castle, a very venerable pile, the property of the Eyre family. Here are a substantial plain church, and the ruins of an old castle; the road from Bal- linasloe unites on the right, and a cross road leading towards Portumna, sweeps off on the left. On this side of the seventy- three mile stone, a cross road on the left runs to Portumna. Near the seventy-five mile stone, lie the ruins of an old castle on the left, and Queen sborough, a fine seat, the property of the Earl of Louth, is situated on the right. At the seventy-seven mile stone, the ruins of an old castle stand on the left. At the seven- ty eight mile stone, a road from Portumna joins on the left, and a cross road leading towards Ballinasloe, winds off on the right. On this side of the seventy-nine mile stone, the road crosses the Killimure river. At the eighty-one mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle to the left. At the eighty-two mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Ballinasloe, At the eighty-four mile stone, are situated the ruins of two old castles to the left, and a cross road on the right leads to Ballinasloe. At the eighty- six mile stone, stands the race course on the left ; and at the eighty-seven mile stone, the road from Ballinasloe unites to the right. Here is a beautiful small lake, extending to tlup right : the distance interv^ening between the Killimure river and Loughrea, is thickly interspersed v/ith neat country seats and well planted demesnes. The roads from Portumna and Mount Shannon, unite on the left ; and the roads from Ballinasloe and Kilconnel con terminate on the right. Loughrea^ — Distant eighty-eight miles from Dublin Castle by 3^2 NEW traveller's GUIDE Banagher, is a tolerably extensive and well built town, agreeably situated on an eminence commanding a pleasing prospect of the lake, whence it derives its name ; here is a good cavalry barrack ; there is also a charter school, liberally endowed by the ancient and noble family of Clanrickard. The church is a plain spacious structure ; some fragments of an old castle origi- nally erected by the de Burghs, still exist. About the year 1300, Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, founded a monastery here for Carmelite or White-friars, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. This monastery on its suppression, was granted to Richard, Earl of Clanrickard and his heirs in capite, for a trifling annual rent, Irish currency. Three roads issue from this town ; one inclining to the left, stretches towards Gort, the centre road leads to Oranmore, and the third sloping on the right, winds to Athenry. The road running between Loughrea and Gort, on this side of the ninety-one mile stone, crosses the river Carnamart, on whose banks are situated the ruins of an old castle to the left. Parishes in the Barony of Kiltartan. Beagh, Kilmacduagh, Kiltartan, Kilveconty, Duras, Kinvarra* Killeney, ROADS. At the ninety-one mile stone stands Kilcrist Church on the right. At the ninety-second mile stone, stands the delightful demesne of Roxborough ; a little beyond ihe ninety-third mile stone stands Killinan cliurch to the left, and still farther on to the right, are situated the ruins of two old castles. Near the ninety- fourth mile stone a cross road on the right, leads to Galway. At the ninety-sixth mile stone stand the ruins of three old castles on the right, placed very close to each other, as if designed to afford mutual protection ; and the ruins of another castle are situated on the left, at no great distance h'om the three castles. On this side of the ninety-eighth mile stone, the road crosses the Gort river ; on this side of the ninety-ninth mile stone, a cross road from Portumna, unites on the left. FOR IRELAND. 363 Gorf^ — Distant ninety-nine miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, is a small neat village; it has a barrack, a good plain church, and a market-house ; close to the town stands a fine seat, the property of Brendergast Smyth, Esq. two roads issue from this town, one on the right runs towards Galway, and the other on the left leads to Toberdonny village, distant one hundred and four miles from Dublin Castle : here the road forks into two branches, that on the right leads to Ennistymond, and the other on the left to Ennis; near this village stands the delapidated cathedral of Kilmacduagh, which was erected into an episcopal see about the middle of the sixth century by St. Colman, who also founded an abbey here, on the scite of which Maurice, bishop of this see, who died in 1283, erected a monastery for canons regular of the order of St. Augustin. This abbey was situated at the north west end of the cathedral, on a neck of land projecting between two small lakes ; at the general suppression of monas- tic institutions, this monastery with all its possessions, was granted to Richard, Earl of Clanrickard. In 1602 the bishop- rick of Kilmacduagh was united to the episcopal see of Clon- fert, to which it still remains attached ; the cathedral, though small, was a very elegant structure ; the pillars ranged from the entrance to the altar, were elegantly finished, in a most masterly stile; the ruins of distinct and detached buildings scattered round the chapel and refectory, afford a presumptive evidence that the canons of this monastery dwelt in different habitations ; here is an holy well, encompassed with a circular enclosure. The round tower situated contiguous to the church, inclines seventeen feet and an half from its perpendicular di- rection, whereas the celebrated tow^r at Pisa, onlj^ leans thir-r teen feet from its level ; a little beyond the village of Tobber^ curry, the county terminates in this direction. To Toberdonny hy Loiighrea^ Miles. Loughrea by the Banagher road . — 88 Kilcrist 3 9J Gort 8i 99f Tobberdonny , • . • . 41 10^ Parishes in the Barony of Clonmaco':ve7i. Aghrim, Killtaghtan, Kilgcrrie, Clontuscart; Kiicluney, 364 NEW TRAVELLER'ii GUIDE BalUnasloej-^iyi$t?int seventy-one miles and tbree quarters from Dublin Castle, is a large, populous, well built, and thriving town, pleasantly situated on the western bank of the river Suck, where the greatest wool and cattle fairs in Ireland are heUL ItlevG the roads from Shannon-bridge and Athlone conlermiuate. A cross road on the left winds towards Clonfert ; at the seventy second mile stone, the road forks into two branches; that on the right leads to Kilconnel, and the other on the left to Agh* rim ; on this side of the seventy-third mile stone a cross road on the left, branches towards Eyi*ecourt, and on the right stands Garbally, the splendid residence of Lord Cloncarty ; at the seventy-fourth mile stone, a cross road slopes off to the lefL ^gkrini, — Distant seventy-five miles from Dublin Castle, is a poor decayed village, rendered memorable foi' the splendid and decisive victory obtained on the twelfth of July, 1691, by ge- neral Ginkle, over Monsieur St. Ruth, who commanded the Irish forces for James the Second. In this battle, St. Ruth and seven thousand of the Irish were slain, whereas the English forces only lost six hundred men during the various vicissitudes of the engagement, though they had very discouraging obsta- cles to surmount before they could approach the enemy, strong- ly entrenched and judiciously posted on Kilcommodon Hill. The English forces consisted of eighteen thousand men, of every denomination, v/hile the Irish army amounted to twenty thousand infantry, and five thousand cavalry, possessed of every advantage that a ftivourable local situation could afford au army disposed to act on the defensive, and resolved to make a vigorous resistance. Notwithstanding all these preparatory arrangements planned by an experienced general, the Irish were dispersed, routed, and discomfited, with such prodigiously tflisproportioned slaughter ; tents, ammunition, artillery, colours, standards, and small arms of every description, abandoned by the fugitives in the panic of a precipitate retreat, attested the extent of the loss sustained on the scene of action ; the splendid tranactions of this day, effectually extinguished all the hopes of the abdicated and infatuated James. Here is a plain neat church situated on a rising ground, whose steeple forms a pleasing landmark. The priory founded here in the thirteenth century for canons regular of the order of St. Augustin, under the invocation of St. Catherine, is supposed to have been endowed by the first Butler of Ireland ; this priary, on its sup- }u ession, was granted to Richard, Earl of Clanrickard, and hir, heirs in capite, for a trifling annual rent, Irish currency ; the y^ad from Eyrecourt unites on the left ; two roads issue froui FOR IRELAND* this village ; one on the vight, leads to Kilcoiinel, and the other on the left, runs towards Loughrea ; at the seventy-nine mile stone stands the beautilul demesne of Ballydonnellan on the left, and a cross road on the right runs to Kilconnel ; on this side of the eighty-second mile stone, a cross rpad irom Eyre- court unites on the left, and the ruins of an old castle are situa- ted on the right ; on this side of the eighty-fourth mile stone, stands the fine demesne of Ballidugan, situated on the left and, a little farther on arc the ruins of two old castles to the rigiit, and the ruins of an old church on the left ; on this side of the eighty-fifth mile stone, a cross road from Eyrecourt unites on the left ; at the eighty-sixth mile stone stands the town of Lough- rea, already described. On the road running from Loughrea to Galway, at the ninety-one mile stone, two roads sweep oft' on the left, one leading to Kilcrist and the other to Kiicolgan ; ac the ninety-second mile stone stand the ruins of two old castles on the right, and the ruins of an old church are situated on the left ; on this side of the ninety-fourth mile stone, a road from Kilcrist unites on the left, and the ruins of an old castle lie on the left ; a cross road on the right wands towards Athenry ; at the ninety-fourth mile stone the road crosses the Carnamart river on whose steep and rocky banks stands Craghwell villngc:; distant ninety-two miles from Dublin Castle, l o Gahjoay hy Ballinasloe* Ballinasloe Aghrim Loughrea Croghwell Bridge Oranmore Galway (Miles.) 7It 11 6 75 86 92 99 104^ Parishes in the Barmiy of Dimkellin. Roscom, B allinacourteney, Oranmore, Kilconiran, Lickrig, Ardrahan, Urumacroe, Kilcrist, Kiicolgan, Killikineen, KiUily, Killinyarra,^ Killogillin, KiUora, Stradballv. At the ninety-fifth mile stone, a cross road on the right sweeps to Athenry ; at the ninety-seventh mile stone the road passes between two small lakes ; at the ninety-eighth mile stone the ruins of an old castle lie on the right, and a little farther on. 366 KEW traveller's guide the rains of an old castle are situated on the left ; at the ninety- ninth mile stone the road from Athenry unites on the left; at the hundredth mile stone a cross road on the left runs towards Ross ; at the one hundred and one mile gtone lie the ruins of an old castle on the left. To Tobberdonny Ballinasloe Aghrim Lough rea Kilcrist Gort Tobberdonny ►7/ Ballinasloe. Miles. 71i 75 11 86 3 89 9 98 41 1021 Oramnore^ — Distant one hundred and one^miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a neat smart looking village, well sup- plied with houses of entertainment to solace the weary traveller ; it is pleasantly situated at the eastern extremity of the bay of Gal way ; to the left of the town stands a very venerable oM mansion, named Oranmore Castle, the residence of Mr. Blake ; a cross road on the left leads towards Gort, and another to the right -runs to Tuam ; the direct road leads to Galway, com- manding an extensive prospect of its fine bay, and the distant lofty mountains of Burrin, situated in the county of Clare, on the southern coast of this extensive inland sea, encompassed with stupenduous mountains. The right hand branch of the road issuing from Ballinasloe, runs to Kilconnel ; on this side of the seventy-fourth mile stone the road from Roscommon unites on the right ; at the seventy-sixth mile stone the road leading to Tuam, sweeps off to the right; at the seventy-seventh mile stone the road from Aghrim joins on the left; at the seventy- eighth mile stone the road from Ahascragh, unites to the right. Kilconnel — Is a decayed village, distant seventy -eight miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle. St. Conal, a contemporary with St. Patrick, was abbot of a monastic institution existing in this village at that early ^period. The premature dissolution of the establishment is traditionally imputed to a solemn ana- thema, fulminated by the saint against its subsequent prosperity : for what heinous impiety so severe and so fatal a malediction was incurred, no historical records exist to assign a satisfactory reason. In 14-00, William O' Kelly founded a monastery for Franciscan friars, most probably on the scite of the former FOR IRELAND. 367 edifice ; on the suppression of monastic institutions, this abbey with all its possessions, was granted to Charles Calthorpe. Three roads issue from this village ; that on the left sweeps to Loughrea, the centre road leads to Athenry, and the third branching off on the right, runs towards Tuam ; a little beyond the eightieth mile stone, a cross road on the right runs to Glentown ; at the eighty-first mile stone a cross road on the left leads to Aghrim, and the magnificent demesne of Woodlawn is situated on the right ; a little farther on, a cross road on the right leads to Cloncash ; at the eighty-second mile stone stands New Inn» and a cross road on the left winds towards Kilri<:kill ; a littlo farther on are situated the ruins of an old church on the rights nearly opposite to which stand the ruins of an old castle on the left; at the eighty-third mile stone a cross road leading to Loughrea, sweeps off on the left; at the eighty-seventh mile stone a cross road on the right leads to Castle Blakeney ; at the eighty-eighth mile stone, are the ruins of an old church on the left, and a little farther on, in the same direction, stands Dunsandle, the splendid and magnificent residence of James Daly, Esq. representative of this very independent county ; at the eighty-ninth mile stone, a cross road on the right stretches towards Gort; here are situated the ruins of two old castles, one on the right and another on the left. The distance interve- ning between Kilconnel and Athenry, is thickly interspersed with beautiful residences, highly embellished with well planted demesnes. Parishes in the Barony of Athenry. Ballane, Kiltullaghj Monivea. Kilrickill, Athenry, Alhenry^ — Distant ninety-one miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, though now much decayed, was formerly a walled town, and deemed a place of importance, whose civil government was vested in a portrieve, it has a barrack for three companies of foot, which are generally unoccupied ; it gave the title of Baron to the family of Birmingham, now extinct by the demise of the late Earl of Louth, primier Baron of Ireland, who died without male issue. In 1133, this town was destroyed by Conor O'Brien. Its monastic institutions previous to the Reformation, were a splendid j^nonastery for Dominican friars under the invocation of St. Peter and St. 368 NEW TRAVIlLLER's guide Paul, founded in 1241, to which monastery Meyler de Bir- mingham, second Baron of Athenry, at the instigation of St« Dominick, granted liberal endowments; Walter, Earl of Ulster, was a munificent benefactor to this abbey. In 1297, the friars of this house had a violent controversy with the arch-bishop of Tuam, respecting the privileges of exemption from the jurisdiction of episcopal visitation. In 1400, Pope Boniface the Ninth, granted certain indulengces to all persons visiting this abbey on certain festivals, aiwl piously contributing by cha- ritable contributions, to procure funds for its embellishment and repairs; this indulgence was revived and confirmed by Pope Martin the Fifth, and Eugene the Fourth : this was a very compendious and expeditious mode of finding ways and meafis of replenishing an exhausted ecclesiastical exchequer. Lord Richard Burgh, and Ulick Rufus Burgh, were munificent benefactors to this abbe3\ Queen Elizabeth granted this mo- nastery with all its possessions to the Portrieve and Burgesses of Athenry in capite for ever, at a trifling annual rent, Irish currency. The fragments of this edifice which still exist, prove it to have been a very sumptuous structure ; a great portion of it was removed to make room for the barrack, built upon a part of its scite. In 1464, a Franciscan friary, under the invocation of St. Michael, was founded here by Thomas, Earl of Kildare, whose wife, Margeret Gibbon, erected one chapel ; the Earl of Desmond added a second, and O'Tully built, a third to adorn the edifice, and edify the populace. This town was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish parliament. The ruins of a very strong castle still remain to record its ancient splendour ; two roads branch off on the right from this town, one leading to Turloughmore, and the other to Headford ; at the ninety-fourth mile stone a cross road branches off to the left ; on this side of the ninety-fifth mile stone stand the ruins of an old castle to the left ; on this side of the ninety-sixth mile stone, the road from Loughrea smites on the left ; on this side of the ninety-seventh mile stone the road from Ross joins on the left. At the ninety-eighth mile stone stands Oranmore already described ; at the one hundredth mile stone stand the ruins of an old castle on the left ; near the one hundred and one mile stone are situated the ruins of two old castles on the right ; at the one hundredth and two mile *tone the road from Tuam unites on the right. 1H£ ufm^ OF I HE roE IRELAND* SG9 To Gakmif, hi/ BallinasloCc Miles. Ballinasloe 71 S Kilconnel . . . .' .* Gk 78.' New Inn SI 82 Athenry . . 91 911 Oranmore * Gi 98 Galway . 41 1021 GaliSDuy^ — Distant one hundred and two miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, by the Athenry road, together with its liberties, extending four miles in all directions, measured from the tholsel as a centre, constitutes a distinct county, enjoying particular immunities, and exercising municipal jurisdiction. — It originally was a walled town, regularly flanked with towers and bastions ; its form a parallellogram, three sides of which were protected with a strong wall, crowned with ramparts, erected in the most commanding positions ; the remaining por- tion was flanked by a deep, broad, and rapid river. The en- closed space consists of four main streets, running in a parallel direction^ and intersected at convenient distances, by cross streets and lanes, nearly at right angles: some of the originally constiucted castles still existing, exhibit specimens of well finished and permanent workmanship. As security and per- sonal protection suggested the necessity of encompassing towiis with walls, ramparts, and fortifications^ against the sudden incursions of piratical plunderers, or the outrageous violence of lawless banditti, in turbulent and troublesome titr.es, when the arm of the executive power was too feeble to repress the violence of individual encroachment atld lawless oppression, so crowded habitations filled the enclosed space : such buildingSj constructed for such purposes, could only be distinguished for strength and durability, where elegance and extensive accommodations could not be united ; most of these old monuments are now razed to the ground, to the ineffable comfort of the inhabitants, who now enjoy the unrestrained circulation of purer air. Extensive stores and comfortable dwellings are rapidly covering these places, v/here formerly the cannon roared, and stern Mars growled with a hideous, frowning, and desolating aspect. — Dominick-street, lately erected in the suburbs, is uniform, spa- cious, elegant, and airy, and forms a striking contrast to the gloomy grandeur of the clumsv and massive mansions ot iginallv 3 3 S70 NEW traveller's iGUIDJg constructed within the walls of the old town, when no sheifef could be obtained but within the enclosure of a strongly en- vironed fortification. Its civil government is vested in a mayor, sheriffs, recorder, common-council, and freemen ; and is most advantageously situated for carrying on a most extensive foreign and inland trade, lying at the bottom of a very spacious bay, and having an internal fresh-water communication, by means of Lough Corrib, stretching more than thirty miles into the country, and discharging its redundant waters, by an impetuous current, which, when flooded, furiously rushes into the bay. Within the walls are three nunneries, three friaries, and three barracks; there are two distinct court-houses, one for the County at large, where the County members are elected, and the other for the County of the town of Galway, situated over a very elegant and splendid tholsel, erected on square pillars of hewn stone. The infirmary is judiciously placed in a lofty, wholesome, and airy situation, at the eastern entrance into the town. A plain substantial building has been lately finished, in a retired and airy situation, for a school, on Erasmus Smyth's charitable foundation. The goal lately erected, is a most mag- nificent massy pile, situated in a retired insulated spot at the v/est end of the town, formed by the ramifications of the vast body of water rolling from the lake: here a considerable foreign commerce is carried on, and also a brisk inland trade. Its shops are plentifully assorted with those articles which vanity requires or necessity demands. Coarse woollen cloths are manufactured here, but on a very contracted scale, as no ca- ))italist3 have as yet embarked in this profitable speculation in this quarter. The linen manufacture, although but recently }iitroduced, promises a vigorous and permanent maturity. Kelp burning, and the extensive herring and other fisheries carried on in the bay, and its many creeks and harbours, employ a numerous, hardy, and industrious population ; and the great abundance of all kinds of most delicious fish, almost daily exhTbitcd at the market, and generally sold at very mo- derate prices, prove that the fishermen inhabiting the suburbs of tlii^ very populous town, are enterprising and skilful ma:riners. llore is also a very extensive salmon fishery; great quantities of eels are aho taken in the proper season. The flesh and vegetable markets are plentifully supplied. There is but one parochial church, which is a magnificent Gothic srtucture. — 'i'his town was invested by General Ginkle, after In's decisive v ictory at Aghrim, who subdued it after an ineffectual but con- siderable resistance. In 1296, Sir William de Burgh, sAr- TOR IRELAND. ramed the Grey? founded a monastery for Franciscan friars on tSt. Stephens' Island, situated without the north gate of the town. In 1381, Pope Urban empowered the guardian to excommunicate every person in the province of Gonnaught, who should adhere to Pope Clement the Seventh. In ] 494, the friars of this house obtained a licence from Pope Alexander the Sixth, to annex the chapel of our lady, then adjoining one of the gates of the town, to this friary. In 1779, the tomb of Sir William de Burgh, the founder, was discovered upwards of four feet under ground, with his family arms, and a very long broad sword, elegantly carved ; some fragments of this friary still exist. Near the west gate of the town, without the walls, stood the monastery of St. Mary of the Hill ; on the nuns' abandoning it, it was seized by the secular clergy, who kept forcible possession for a considerable time ; but on a remonstrance of the inhabitants to Pope Innocent the Eighth, it was granted to the Dominican Friars, by a bull dated Decem- ber the 4th, 1488. The cemetery is the only existing vestige of this establishment ; the entire edifice having been demolished by the townsmen, lest the besieging general, deputed by Crom- well in 1652, might convert the fortification into an additional instrument of annoyance. In 1508, an Augustinian fiiary w^as founded by Stephen Lynch, and Margaret his wife, at the earnest solicitation of Richard Nangle, a friar of the same order, w^ho afterwards became archbishop of Tuam. A Car- melite friary is supposed to have been founded by one of the de Burgh's, respecting whose history no records exist. A nunnery was founded in a small island, situated in the moutli of Lough Corrib, at the west end of the town ; no traces of historical records exist to elucidate the ultimate destiny of this establishment, neither does the author of the Monasticon describe how the possessions of these different monastic esta* t>lishments were disposed at their final suppression. To Newtoxion Bellew^ hy Ballinasloe. Ballinasloe, Ahascragh, Caltragh, Mount Bellew Bridge, Newtown Bellew, (Miks.) ni 6i 78i 82 851 2k 87? Parishes in the Barony of Killian. Killeroran, Killian, Ballynakelly. 572 K£W TRAVELLEB^S GUIDE A/iaseragh,— On the road passing between Ballinasloe and Newtown Bellew, is situated the village of Ahaseragh, distant seventy-eight miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin ; within two miles of this village stands Clonbrock, the beautiful Biansion and highly improved demesne of Lord Clonbrock. Calfraghy — Is a poor hamlet, distant eighty-two miles from the Castle of Dublin by the Ballinasloe road. Mount; Bellew Bridge^ — Is distant eighty-five miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin; where very extensive flower mills are erected. Parishes in the Barony of Tiaquin. Ballymacward, Kilkerrin, Moilogh, Clonkeen, Knockmoy, Killoscobe. Newtown Bellew — Is a neat, smart, little village, distant e'^nty-seven miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, by the Ballinasloe road ; near which, is a beautiful seat, the resi- dence of Sir Edward Bellew, Bart. Within a mile of this vilhige, stand the venerable ruins of Castle Bellew. On the road passing between Athlone and Tuam, Galway County com- mences at the seventy-second mile stone. Ballinamore^ — Distant seventy-four miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is an inconsiderable village, plea- santly situated on the river Suck. Here the road from Ros- common unites on the right, and the road on thp left leads to Castle Blakeney. Caltragh^ — Is a poor hamlet, distant seventy-nine miles from the Castle of Dublin by the Ballinamore road. A cross road on the right leads to Newtown Bellew. Castleblakeney^ — Distant eighty miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a moderately sized village, much frequented by travellers passing from Tuam to Ballinasloe. Here is a plain, substantial, well built church, A cross road on the right, runs towards Newtown Bellew, and the road from Ballinasloe joins on the left. Menlough^ — Is an inconsiderable village, distant eighty-thi'ee miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin. A cross road on the right, sweeps towards Newtown Bellew; at the eighty-six mile stone, a cross road on the left runs to Loughrea, and another on the right leads to Tuam : at this intersection of the cross roads, the ruins of an old castle stand on the right; at the eighty-eight mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle situated on the right, and a cross road on the same sidcj t^V'in ds towards Tuam. rOR IRELAND. S73 Moncvea^ — Distant eighty-nine miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat small village. Here is a charter- school, which was liberally endowed by the munificent bounty of the late Robert French, Esq. ; by whose enlightened and patriotic exertions, the linen manufacture was first introduced into this district, where it now vigorously flourislics. A cross road on the left, leads to Athenry, and another on the right, runs to Turloghmore. The distance intervenmg between Ballinamore and Monevea, is thickly scattered with pleasant country seats and well planted demesnes, which very much enliven the prospect, and diversify the scenery. At the ninety- two mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Tuam, and another on the left, runs to Athenry : a little beyond the ninety- four mile stone, a cross road on the left winds towards Athenry; here stand the ruins of an old castle on the left ; at the ninety - eight mile stone, the road passing between Oranmore and Tuam intersects nearly at right angles. In the short interven- ing distance of four miles from thence to Galway, the road is flanked in almost an uninterrupted chain, with the ruins of old castles. Galway^ — In this direction, is distant one hundred and two piiles mid a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, To Galway^ Inj Ballinamore^ Ballinamore, Caltragh, , . . 4^ Castle Blakency, . . . 1? Menlough, \ . . S| Monevea, . , . . b\ Galway, , . . . 13 (Miles,) 79 80i 83f 1021 At the seventy-seven mile stone of the road running towards Tuam, a branch sweeps off on the right, leading tolJunmorei at the eighty mile stone, are the ruins of an old church, situ- ated on the left ; here the road from Castle Blakeney unites cu the left. - Newtown Belle'isci^ — Is distant eighty-two miles and a half frorn the Castle of Dublin by the Tuam road. A cross read on tlie left, leads to Kilconnel, and another on the right, runs toCreggs; at the eighty-three mile stone, stand the ruins of an old cai^Ue, and Moilogh church situated on the riglit; here a cross rend on the right sweeps towards Dunmore : at the eighty-six mile ,stone, a cross road on the left, w^inds towards Gal way ," 37i KEW TPvAVELLER's GUIBE Parishes in the Barony of Dunamore. Buiowna, Addergool, Liskeery, Clonbraen, Kilbennan Tuam, Dunmore, Kilconla, At the eighty-eight mile stone, a diagonal cross road on the left, runs to Galway ; a little farther on, the rmns of an old castle lie on the left; at the eighty-nine mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Dunmore; and another, on the left runs to Galway ; a little farther on, stand the ruins of an old castle on the left : at the ninety mile stone, the road crosses the river Moyne ; on this side of the ninety-two mile stone, a cross road on the left leads to Galway; and on the right, i^tands Birmingham, the splendid residence of the late Earl of Louth. Tuam^ — Distant ninety-three miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a large, populous, well built town, consisting of four main streets, which diverge nearly at right angles from the market- house. Here also is an elegant mall, which is selected by the opulent for a residence : there are many bye lanes and allies, thickly inhabited by an industrious populace, and working mechanics. It is an archiepiscopal see. The palace is a spa- cious, venerable structure. The cathedral, situated at the western extremity of the town, is a neat, but not a very ex* tensive edifice, adorned with a lofty spire and steeple. The Diocesan School-House, is a very handsome building, situated on the Dublin road; and the market-house, placed in the centre of the town, has an agreeable effect, being erected on square stone pillars. This town is furnished with a great variety of shops, very well assorted, and carries on a very brisk retail trade. The linen manufacture is gradually extend- ing in this vicinity, and its infant efflorescence promises a vigorous maturity, and will constitute an additional incitement to industry among a numerous population, increase their com- forts, and civilize their habits, as poverty and ignorance are invariably found to exist inseparable companions ; for whenever the policy of the state can devise suitable employment to occupy the attention and remunerate the industry of the peasantry, the foundation of regeneration is firmly laid, and the superstructure of civilization is a consequence that invariably ensues. A mind sufficiently enlightened, will keenly and invariably cling to that political institution which most effectually supports iwdividual prosperity, and will distinctly discern that tire happiness of th^ FOR IRELANt). S75 community is identified with, and cannot survive, national de^rradation and debasement ; and that the paternal government which affords such industrious resources, ought to be cherished and supported by every subject enjoying the prerogative of exercising his talents, unfettered and unrestrained by the interposition of obsolete distinctions and feudal prohibitions. Such are the blessings dispensed by our inimitable constitution, where every individual born within the pale of its jurisprudence, inherits this privilege ; the peasantry rendered sensible of these inestimable advantages, would quickly exhibit a very different feature; but alas, they are misled by deeply imbibed prejudices, which causes them to flounder in the mire of disaffection ; but industrious habits judiciously inculcated, and a broad system of education adapted to existing circumstances, will effectually dissipate these countervailing animosities, obstructing the career of national tranquillity. In 487, an abbey was founded here, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary. St. Jarleth is sup- posed to have converted the chmxh into a cathedral, in the sixth century. The city of Tuam is traditionally reported to have been erected in honour of this most exemplary prelate, Vv'hose remains were preserved in a chapel, called the Church of the Shrine ; three persons are expressly mentioned as having been abbots of Tuam, after the death of this saint ; first, Cellach, son of Eochad, who died in 808 ; second, Nauded Hua Bolchain, abbot and anchorite, who died in 877 : the third was named Conagh, son of Kieran, constituted abbot of Tuam and prior of Clonfert, who died in 879. In 1 HO, the priory of St. John the Baptist was founded by Tirdilvac O'Connor King of Ireland ; on its suppression, it was granted, with ali its possessions, to Richard, Earl of Clanrickard. The abbey of the Holy Trinity was founded by the family of de Burgh, either in the reign of King John, or in the beginning of Henry the Third's for Premonstre Canons. Tuam, with ali its churche?^ was consumed by fire in 1244. Queen Elizabeth granted ihia monastery, with all its possessions, to the burgesses and com- monalty of Athenry : it gives the title of Viscount to the family of Wenman ; Sir Richard Wenman having been, by letters patent, created Viscount Wenman of Tuam, in 1628. It was a borough previous to the Union, returning two mem- bers to the Irish Parliament. A road sweeping from the centre of the town, wii^ds by the demesne of Birmingham on the right, in its course towards Duiimore. Two roads issue from the lower extremity of the town ; that on the riglit, leads to Dunmacreene, and the other on the left, runs to Ilollymount; NEW TIlAVELtEit's GUIDSI at the ninety-four mile stone, the road leading to HoUymomit^ crosses the Ballygaddy-i iver ; at the ninety-five mile stone, are situated the ruins of Kilbennan Church on the left; here jilso stands a round tower in the same direction ; at the ninety- seven mile stone, there is a small lake situated on the right ; a little farther on, are the ruins of an old castle to the right ; at the ninety-eight mile stone, stands a small lake on the right, and a cross road on the right leads to Fertamore ; a little farther on, another cross road on the right runs towards Clare ; at the hundred mile stone, stands a lake on the right, and a road branching off to the left, leads to Ballinrobe; and a little iarther on, the county terminates in this direction, where the road passes between two small lakes, A road issues from the western extremity of the town, which runs towards Headford. At the ninety-five mile stone, it crosses the Clare-river ; here the road forks into two branches, that on the left, leads to Gahvay, and the other on the right, runs to Headford ; at the ninety-seven mile stone, is situated the fine demesne of Castle- hackct on the right, and the ruins of an old castle stand on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Clare. Carrigin, Donaghpatrick, Kilcoonaghj Killeny, Killererin, Kilkilvery, Kilmoilan, Killower, Killursa, Annaghdown, Belclare, Clare, Lackah. To Headfordy hy BalUnamore, ( Miles, ) Ball in am ore, Newtown Beliew, 8 82^ Tuam, . • . . 9$ Castle Hacket, 97j Headford, . • 5i 103 A little beyond the ninety-nine mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Shrule ; and farther on, another on the left, runs to Galway ; at the hundred mile stone, stands a church on the right, romanticly situated on the borders of a lake. Jleadford^ — Distant one hundred and three miles from tlie Castle of Dublin, is a tolerably well built and moderately sized FOR IRELAND. village. Here is a very venerable church, adorned with a spire and steeple ; there is also a barrack for a troop of horse. — Contiguous to the town, stands a venerable mansion, the occasional residence of the St. George family. A cross road on the left, kads to Cahirmorris ; from the western extremity of the town, a road issues, which runs towards Lough Corrib, Cong, the Neal, &c. ; here the Black-water flowing into Lough Corrib, bounds the County in tliis direction ; on the Maj o side of this river, are situated the splendid ruins of Ross Abbey, distant about two miles to the west of Headiord. Lough Corrib is a beautiful fresh water collection about thirty miles long, and in some places more than six miles broad; it is thickly studded with islands, many of which are inhabited : its navigation is much impeded by latent rocks, whose exact posi- tions are only known by those boatmen who continually sail upon it, and are employed as water carriers for such goods and provisions as are conveyed to, and from Galway, by such a cheap and expeditious conveyance. 'I'he Gillaroe trout5 a very delicate fish, is fpund in this lake, as well as in Lough Carra in the County of Mayo. This fish weighs from 12 to 18 pounds^ and is remarkable tor having an extraordinary gizard resembling? a large fowl ; this gizard is separately dressed, and is esteemed a favourite dish. On that branch of the road leading from Ballinaraore to Dunmore, near the seventy-sixth mile stone, are situated the ruins of an old church on the right; rt the seventy-seven mile stone, the road from Mount Talbot unites on the right, and a cross road on the left leads to Tuam ; at the eighty-one mile stone, the road from Castleblakeney joinr, on the right. Kilkcrran — Is a small village, distant eighty-three miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin ; a cross road on the right leads to Creggs ; on this side of the eighty-fourth mile stone, lie the ruins of an old church on the left ; a little beyond the eighty-fifth mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Gla- namado ; at the eighty-sixth mile stone, stand the ruins of an old castle on the right, and the ruins of an old church are situ- ated on the left. On this side of the eighty-seventh mile stone, a cross road on the left leads to Newtown Bellew ; at the eighty- ninth mile stone, a cross road on the left, sweeps to Claddagh,, and a small lake is situated on the right. Dunmore^ — Distant ninety-one miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, though now much decayed, was formerly the royal residence of the O'Kellys; it is plentifully watered by a pleasant streamlet whi.ch winds round the town. In 11 S3, tliis 3 c S78 KEW traveller's guide "town was destroyed by Conor O'Brien. St, Patrick founded a monastery there, and consecrated St. Tultaragh its bishop. In 1 425.5 Waller de Birmingham, Lord of Athenry, founded a friary for Augustin Eremities on the scite of the old abbey ; a portion of the edifice is now converted into a parochial church, the remainder has been levelled, and now forms the market- place. Henry Mossop, the celebrated actor, was born here, whose father, an eminent mathematician, wais rector of Dun- more. A eross road on the left leads to Tuam, and another on the right, winds towards Ballinlough. The road issuing from the lower extremity of tlie town, stretches towards Ballindine. At a little beyond this town, the county terminates in this di- rection. ToDnnmore by Ballinamore, (Miles.) Ballinamore Kilkerran - - - p Dunmpre - - 71 83^ 9U Parishes in the Barony of BalUmoe. Ballinakil, Punamon, Kilbegnet, Killeroan, Templetogher. On the road crossing between Ballintobber and Dunmore, is situated the small village of Ballimoe, distant seventy-nine miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin ; it is plea- santly situated on the western bank of the river Suck ; there are no considerable towns or villages in this Baronj. Its remain- ing hamlets are Milford, Dunamon, Glinsk, Curlagh, Killery, Corylmore-park. On th^ road passing between Galway and Tuam, there are in the space of three miles, the ruins of five old castles, closely ranged cpntiguoiis to e^-ch other on either side of the road. To Dunmore by Ballimoe^ (Miles.) Balhmoe « - — j 791 Dunniore - ^ - lU J 91^ FOR IRELAND.' 379 Care G^/w^ry5— Distant five miles and three quarters from Galway town, is a decayed village, pleasantly situated on a very rapid and impetuous torrent of the same name, £Uid very subject to inundations after violent rains. On the brink of this river, close to the bridge, stand the splendid ruins of a very strongly built castle, which most probably, was originally constructed with a view to guard this important pass. A cross road on the right leads to Oranmore. About the year 1200, John de Cogan founded a monastery, built in a very ele- gant and splendid stile, for Franciscan Friars in this village. In 1296, Philip de Blund, Archdeacon of Tuam, was indicted by the reverend fraternity of this community, for having forci- bly and sacreligiously taken from this friary the chest contain- ing pontificial robes, episcopal mitre, and pastoral staff, be- longing to the see of Enachdun long vacant, which for securi- ty, was deposited in this abbey. The learned author of the Monasticon, does not gratify curiosity, by relating the result of so singular an accusation, and so novel a trial. In 1368, Tho- mas, Lord Athenry, liberally granted very valuable possessions to this establishment, for the purposes of purchasing bread, wine, and wax, for the celebrating of mass. The high tower in the centre of the church, erected upon arches, is a very cu- rious specimen of architectural science. No records attest to whom the extensive possessions of this abbey were granted on its suppression. A little beyond the sixth mile stone, the road forks into two branches; that on the left leads to Headford, the other on the right to Tuam ; at the eighth mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Cregg ; on this side of the ele- venth mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Corrafiii, and the ruins of an old castle ar^e situated in the same direction; at the fourteenth mile stone, a cross ro,ad oa the left leads to Headford; at the sixteenth mile stone stands Tuam, alr 386 1!J12W TRAVELLER'S GUl^S COUNTY OF MAYO, The County of Mayo — Is bounded on the south by Gal- way, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the north by Sligo, and On the east by Roscommon, Its greatest extent from north to sputh, is about sixty miles, and from east to west, about fifty miles. The dimensions of its surface are only exceeded by those of Cork and Galway. Its superfices comprises 790,600 acres, Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountain, and waste. It is divided into nine baronies, Kilmaine, Carra, Bur- risl^oole, Morisk, Clonmorris, Costello, Gallen, Tyrawley, Erris, which contain sixty-eight parishes. The principal lakes are Loughmask, Carra, Raheens, and Loughconn, besides numer- ous small lakes, which in a district less watered, would be deem- ed considerable. The most extensive rivers are the Moy, the GuishendeQ, the Deal, the Owenmore, the Awenmore, the Robe, with many other fine streams undiatinguished by particular names. The northern and western portions of this county arc mountainous and conjectured to teem with v^st quantities of most kinds of minerals. Iron ore is found in great abundance in many places, and was formerly wrought intp iron, until the woods failed to afford charcoal for melting. The low grounds of this county nre composed of lime stone, and lime stone gravel, equally adapted for tillage or for pasture. The best lands are almost exclusively occupied in grazing, and annually si^pply the great Cattle fair of Ballinasloe with numerous herds of black cattle, and immense flocks of sheep, which finally m^kc their way to the Dublin markets FOR IR£LANZ)# 387 Parishes in the Barony of Kilmaine, Ballincalla, Ballinrobe, Cong, Kilmainbeg, Kilmainmore, Kilmolara, Moregaga, Slirule, Kilcommon, Roban, Taghkeen. ROADS. On the Mail Coach road, leading from Tuam to Castjebar, the county of Mayo commences a little beyond the one hundred mile stone. At the one hundred and one mile stone, a cross road leads to the right. At the one hundred and two mile stone, a cross road runs right and left. A little beyojid the one hundred and four mile stone, a cross road right and left, and the ruins of an old church lie to the left. HoUymmint — Distant one hundred and five miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a smdl town, pleasantly situated on the south bank of the river Robe. Here is a very neat church, and the fine mansion and demesne of Mr. Lindsay ; a cross road on the left leads to Ballinrobe. At the one hundred arid seven mile stone, a cross road runs to the left, and the ruins of an old castle are situated on the left. At the one hundred and ten mile stone, a cross road runs to the right, and Newbrook house, the magnificent mansion of Lord Clanmorris, is situated to the left. At the one hundred and eleven mile fstone, a cross road runs to the right, and two to the left. Near the one hundred and twelve mile stone, two sn^U lakes lie on the righ^, and two to the left. Parishes in the Barony of Carra. Aglish, Burrificarra, Rosslee, Ballyhean, Kil(Jacomoge, Turlogh. Breafy, Minola, Near the one hundred and fourteen mile stone, liq the ruins of two old castles, and a small lake to the right. Ballcarra^ — A small village, is delightfully situated at the base of a high billp pn the banks of a large river, which dijscharges 3^8 NEW Traveller's guide its waters into Lough Conn. Here are a good cliurcli, a fine mansion, and extensive demesne, the property of Lord Tyrawly, — a cross road runs to the right. At the one hundred and seventeen mile stone, a cross road runs right and left. At the one hundred and nineteen mile istone, the road from Ballinrobe unites on the left, and a beautiful lake is situated on the left; a little farther on, the road from Ball unites on the right. Castlebar^ — Distant one hundred and nineteen miles and a half from Dublin Castle, in this direction, is a large regular well built town, consisting of one wide main street near an English mile long, from which cross streets, and lanes diverge. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of the river issuing from the romantic, picturesque lake of Raheens, situated at a small distance west- ward of the town ; over this river there are two fine bridges. Here are two cavalry barracks, and a modern built goal, a fine court house, a charter school liberally endowed by Lord Lucan, and a spacious fine church with a very lofty steeple. The linen manufacture flourishes in this vicinity through the patriotic ex- ertions of the late Lord Lucan. Here a brisk inland trade is carried on ; the inhabitants from industrious habits, are gener- ally comfortable, and some even wealthy. Lord Lucan's vener- able castle is boldly situated on the brow of a steep eminence, overhanging the river, and environed by an extensive, and well wooded demesne. On the 26th of August 1798, the French forces under General Humbert, after a well contested a sanguin- ary battle, possessed themselves of this town, until the 4th of September, when on the approach of Marquis Cornwallis, they precipitately retreated towards Sligo. A road runs from Cas- tlebar by the lofty mountain of Nephin to Tyrawly. To Castlehar by Hollymounf, Hollymount .... Ballcarra .... Cas tlebar . . . . . Castlebar distant by the Tuam road (Miles.) — 105| 9\ 115 4^ 119j 119i; Parishes in the Barony of Tyra'idy. Crossmalina, Killaln, Kilfian, Addergool, Ardagh, Kilbreedy, Magawnah,, Ballinaglish, Kilcummin, Rathree, Donfeeny, Lackan, Templemurry, Kilbelfad, rOR IRELAND. S89 At the eight mile stone from Castlebar, Addcrgool church stands to the left, and a small lake is situated on the right. At the fitteen mile stone, a church lies to the left. At the sixteen mile stone, the road crosses the river Deal ; the road from New- port unites to the left, and a cross road issues to the left, pass- ing through the wild mountains towards Erris ; Lough Conn stands to the right. At the eighteen mile stone, a cross road runs to the right. At the twenty-four mile stone, stands Kil- lala. At th-e tvventy-eight mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle to the left. At the twenty-nine mile stone, stands Lack- an castle ; a cross road to the left winds along the shore of the Atlantic, to the small village of Erris. On the road passing from the lower extremity of Castlebar, is situated the little vil- lage of Turlough, distant four miles from Castlebar ; remark- able for a lofty round tower, and a fine quarry of jet black jnarble. Strade — Is a small village, distant six miles from Castlebar, where are the ruins of a fine old abbey situated on the bank of the river Moy, which was founded by the sept of M'Jordan, for Friars of the order of St. Francis, under the invocation of the Holy Cross; but in 1252, it was bestowed on the Domini- cans, by Jordan of Exeter, Lord of Athletan, at the earnest solicitations of Basilea his wife ; daughter of the Lord Meiler de Birmingham. In 1434, Pope Eugene the fourth, enriched this monastery with numerous indulgencies. A very small part of this friary now remains ; but the walls of the church, which were singularly beautiful, are still entire ; the altar is adorned with various Gothic ornaments : here is a tomb decorated with curious relivos of four Kings, in different compartments, one of whom is in the posture of kneeling before a mitred person ; near to this is another relievo of St, Peter and St. Paul. Queen Elizabeth granted a determinable lease of this abbey, and its possessions, to Patrick Barnwall, on its suppression. On the road passing from Dunmore to Clare, stands the vil- lage of Ballendine, distant ninety-nine miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle : a cross road to the left leads to Hollymount, the direct road runs to Clare. To Ballinrohe hy Tuam. (Miles.) Tuam . \ . . , . — I 9S Kihnain . . . . . 11^ 1041 Ballinrobe , ; . ^ . 4i 108* 590 NEW traveller's GUIliE On the road passing from Ballenlough, the county of Mayo commences at the ninety-one mile stone. Parishes in the Barony of Costello. Castlemore, Kilmovee, Bekan, Killbeagh, Aghavoure, Knockdrumcally, Kilcoleman, Annah, Ballyhaunis village- --1^ distant ninety-three miles and three quar- ters from Dublin Castle; here are the ruins of a fine old abbey, which was founded by the family of Nangle, for Augustinian friars, lender the invocation of the Virgin Mary. At the commencement ef the Irish rebellion, a body of friars seized upon the friary, since which period, no farther particulars are related respecting its history. A cross road to the left leads to Dunmore. At the ninety-seven mile stone, are a small lake, and the ruins of an old castle to the left. Near the one hundred mile stone, a cross road runs to the left, and the ruins of an old castle stand to the right. T'o Westport hy Bellinrobe. (Miles.) Ballinrobe distant by Tuam . . — 108| Par tree 5 lisl Westport 10| 124| Parishes in the Barony of Clonmorris. Crosboyne, Kilcoleman, Kilvine, Mayo, Ballagh. At the one hundred and three mile stone, a cross road runs to the right, and another to the left, leading to Clare village, situated at a small distance from the main road, where there is a good church. At the one hundred and five mile stone, the ruins of an old castle stand to the right, and of two to the left. Ball^ — Distant one hundred and seven miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, is a small village along which winds a plea-- sant streamlet. Here are the ruins of an old abbey founded by St. Mocha^ a very lofty round tower, and a celebrated holy well FOR IRELAND. 391 nuich frequented by the credulous votaries of superstition. About a mile and half to the south of this village, are the fertile and luxuriant plains of Mayo^ where anciently stood the city whence this county derives its name. The ruins ol the cathedral, and some traces of the stone wall which encompassed the city, still remain. Here an university is reported to have been founded, for the education of the Saxon youth converted ta Christianity ; among whom the nanies of King Oswald, and Alfred the Great, are asserted to have been enrolled. In the year 778, the abbey was destroyed by lightning. In the year 818, Turgesius, the Danish Tyrant, burnt and destroyed it. In the year 908, it was consumed by fire. In the year 1169, it was consumed in a general conflagration. In the year 1204, William Burke, sacreligiously plundered it — A tolerable detail of disasters to have happened to one ill fated monastry. See ArchdaWs Monasticoru On a lofty eminence near the village of Ball^ is situated Moat, the delightful residence of Sir Robert B. Lynch, Baronet; a cross road runs right and left; the direct road leads to Minola village^ situated between two small lakes, on a very considerable stream, and distant one hundred and nine miles and three quarters, from Dublin Castle : a cross road on the left leads to Bailcarra, and that on the right to Foxford. At the one hundred and thirteen mile stone, stands the neat little village of Breafy, a cross road runs to the left. Castlebar^ — already noticed, is distant one hundred and four- teen miles and a half from Dublin Castle, in this direction ; it was a borough previous to the Union. Here the assizes are alternately held with BalHnrobe. From the lower extremity of this town, the third road issues inclining to the left, which leads to Newport Pratt. At about the distance of a mile westward of the town is situated a small lake. A cross road runs to the right, and Rahans Lake stands to the left. Parishes in the Barony of Burrishoole. Burrishoole, Aghagower, Islandine, Kilmina. Newport Pratt^ — Is an inconsiderable town pleasantly situated on the banks of the river Beatta, which flows into Clew, or Newport bay, and distant from Dublin Castle one hundred and twenty-three miles and three quarters; it is most advantageously situated for foreign trade, but the sterile aspect of the surround- ing gigantic mountains, menace famine to an over-grown po- S92 NEW tuavellee's guide pulation, unless supplied from remote quarters. The cluster of small islands thickly scattered at the mouth the of bay, if covered with a verdaait carpet, and sylvan forests, would appear enchantmgly romantic. The harbour is deep, and can admit ships of considerable burden ; but trade is here very inconsider- able. A cross road to the left leads to Westport, and another to the right winds along the bases of prodigious high mountains to Erris. Claran Island^ — Situated at the etitrance of the bay, contains a- bout 2200 acres, and belongs to the ancient family of the O'Maily. A cell foi' Carmelites was founded here in the year 1224. To Ne'CDport Pratt hy Ballyhaunis. Ballyhaunis (Miles.) 9S| Clare .103 Ball . . . . 107J Minola . . . 2\ 1091 Breafy .... lis Castlebar . . . . i\ 114| ]s!ewport Pratt 9i 123J Burrhlioole Village^ — Situated to the west of Nev/port, is re- markable for the ruins of an old abbey, founded by Richard de Bourke for Dominican Friars. Parishes in the Barony of Erris, Kilcommon, Kilmore Erris, Kilteany. Erris^ — Situated at the mouth of Black Sod bay, appears to be the only village in this wild incultivated district. Achid Isle — Consists of coarse high lands, and is inhabited by a hardy race of peasants relatively comfortable and happy, as their wants are few. From the southern extremity of Castle- bar, a road issues leading direct to Westport. At the first mile fetone, are the ruins of an old church, and a castle to the right. At the four mile stone, are the ruins of an old church, situated in an island on the lake to the right, and the ruins of an old castle stand to the left. At the six mile stone, are the ruins qf an old castle, and a cross road to the left. FOR IRELAND. S93 Parishes in the Barony of Morisk. KilgivGur, Kymaclassan, Oghaval. Westport^ — Dista?nt one hundred and fifteen miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, and eight and a half miles south west of Castlebar, is a neat regular well built town, pleasantly situated on the banks of a pure, clear, and limped stream flow- ing into the sea. Here a smart trade is carried on, and it is gradually increasing in magnitude, opulence, and consequence, through the judicious indulgence and liberal protection of the noble resident proprietor the Marquis of Sligo ; whose grand- father laid the foundation on which this magnificent superstrucr ture is now erected : were such a benevolent example universally imitated, many squalid and decayed villages would quickly assume a more comfortable and exhilerating aspect,. Westport House ^ — Distant about half a mile from the town, is built of a kind of grey marble ; the building extends one hun- dred and four feet in front, and nijiety-six feet in depth ; it is j^ituated on an eminence commanding an extensive prospect of the bay and adjacent mountains beautifully fringed with de- lightful plantations. On the road running from Westport, along the sea coast, to the village of Louisburg, is that shigular conical mountain, called Crough Patrick, deemed one of the lof- tiest mountains in Ireland. It is a most conspicuous land-mark, vi- sible at an immense distance both by land and at sea. This mountain is highly reverenced by the Irish peasantry, from a traditionary legend current among the natives, and by many im- plicitly believed, that St. Patrick miraculously compelled all the venomous reptiles, with which this island was previously infested, here to assem.ble ; from which place he commanded them to fling themselves into the sea; and hence it happened, that Ireland hath never since been visited by any noxious crea- tures. This clumsy fable seems to have been framed from our Saviour's miracle of having cast the swine, into whom the devils entered, into the sea^ where the whole herd were suffocated. The local sanctity thus attached by credulity to the efficacy of this imaginary miracle, attracts penitents from the remotest quarters of the kingdom, at a stated season, where they volun- tarily endure the most excruciating torture, crawling on their bare knees, a certain number of evolutions over the flinty rocks, speckled with the blood thus gushing out, through the fervor of innocent superstition. Two roads lead from Westport through E 3 S54 NEW traveller's guide <]ifferent tracts of the Morisk-mountains to Killery bay, often visited by immense shoals of herrings. Killery-mountain con- tains a quarry of the best slate in the united kingdom, which is actively worked by the noble proprietor, the Marquis of Sligo. A cross road to the right runs towards Westport, the direct road leads from Ballinrobe; on the road passing between Castlebar and Ballinrobe ; at the fourth mile stone, stands the village of Ballj^- beane, and a cross road runs to the right : at the fifth mile stone a cross road leads to the left : at the sixth mile stone a cross road runs to the left; at the seventh mile stone stand Castlebourke and the ruins of Ballintubber Abbey to the left, and about a mile farther on, are the ruins of Burriscarra Abbey ; at the ninth mile stone stand the ruins of an old castle to the left, and the road fix)m Westport vmites to the right: on this road at some distance to the right, lies the village of Aghagower, where are the ruins of a fine old abbey, and a round tower : on this side of the twelfth mile stone is Partree Bridge over the outlet by which Lough Carra empties its waters into Lough Mask ; the ruins of an old castle stand to the right ; at the fourteenth mile stone from Castlebar stands Ballinrobe, distant from Dublin one hundred and eight miles and three quarters. It is a considerably extensive and populous town, pleasantly situated on both banks of the river Kobe ; here is a barrack for two companies of foot, and the castle, the former residence of Lord Ty rawly, is now converted into a cavalry barrack ; there is also a charter school situated near the ruins of a celebrated old abbey. Three miles south of Ballinrobe, on the road leading to Headford, is situated the Neal village ; here is a magnificent mansion and an extensive demesne belonging to Lord Kilmaine ; a little farther on, a cross road to the right, leads to Cong, which although now a deserted village, was formerly the capital of Connaught ; here are the ruins of a celebrated abbey founded by St. Fechan in the year 664, where Rhoderic O'Connor, the last monarch of Ireland, died in the year 1150; at the back of the village, a very broad river suddenly rushes from beneath a gently sloping bank, and after a short course of one mile, emp- ties itself into Lough Corrib ; about half a mile's distance west- ward of this village is a subterraneous river, whose pure and rapid stream is as clear as crystal; to this extraordinary river, there is a descent by sixty-three steps or stone stairs, by which the curious enter to view this phenomenon. In thi'^^ river nearly at the mouth of the cave is an eel weir, where many fish are taken in the proper season. This enchanting, but neglected spot, affords the most picturesque views that nature can form. rOU IRELAND. In the little space from hence to the boundaries of the count\ , are the ruins of three old castles to the left ; the river Moyne separates the countiejs of Mayo and Galway in this direction* On the road leading from French Park, Mayo county commen- ces on the western bank of the Gara river. Ballaghaderreen^ — Is a small village, distant eighty-nine miles and a half from Dublin Castle; a cross i'x)ad to the right, leads to Boyle ; a little beyond the ninety-one mile stone, the road from Castlerea unites on the left ; at the ninety-fifth mile stone, a sloping cross road runs to the right, and a little farther on, are the ruins of an old castle to the left. Ballaghy^ — Is a small decayed village distant ninety-sevea miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle ; a cross road to the right leads to Tobbercurry, and that on the left runs to Ballyhaunis, the direct road extends to Swineford. Parishes in the Barony of Gallen. Attemass, Kilconduff, Melicl^ Bucholla, Killedaa, Strade, Killasser, Kilgarvy^ Tumore. A little beyond the one hundred and two mile stone are the ruins of an old castle to the right. Smneford^ — Is an inconsiderable village, distant one hundred and three miles from Dublin Castle ; a cross road on the right leads to Kilmatogue, and another on the left to Ball, the direct road runs to Foxford ; near Swineford is Newpark, the residence of Sir Anthony Brabazon, Bart. Near the one hundredth and seventh mile stone are the ruins of Melick-church on the right, and a cross road runs to Ballyvary on the left ; at the one hun- dredth and eighth mile stone a cross road leads to Tobbercurry to the right ; at the one hundredth and ninth milestone, the road from Ballinamore unites on the left; at the one hundred and tenth mife stone, a cross road to the left leads to Castlebar, and the ruins of Ballylaghan Castle are situated to the left. Foxford^ — Distant one hundred and twelve miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a decayed town, pleasantly situated on the east bank of the river Moy, over which there is a fine stone bridge; here is a barrack for a company of foot, and it is deemed a strong military post : from the lower end of the town, a road issues leading towards Sligo, and from the centre of the town the direct road over the river leads to Kilalla : near the one lum- S96 KEW TEAVELLER-S OUIDE dred and sixteenth mile stone are the ruins of an old castle to the right ; at the one hundred and eighteen mile stone, are a lake and the ruins of an old church on the left, and a crpsi* road runs to the left. To Castle Laglian hy Ballaghadereen. (Miles) Ballaghadereen f • Ballaghy H 97 Swineford • » 4 » 5i 103 Balhighy 7 110 Fox ford • • • 2h 112| Ballina . 8 120| Killala . 6| 127 Castle Laghan • • • • 5i 1321 Ballina^ — Distant one hundred and twenty miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a tolerably regular and weJl built town, agreeably situated on the river Moy ; here is a considerable salmon fishery. On the twenty-sixth of August 1798, thi^ town was seized by the French immediately after landing at Kilalla, where the rebels committed many atrocities, until the final surrender of the Frewch at Ballynamuck, when it was abandoned by the terrified rabbles who were finally and decisively subdued at the battle of Kilalla. A cross road to the left leads to Crossmolina, and another to the right, by a bridge over the Moy, runs to Sligo, the direct road runs to Kilalla ; at the one hundred and twenty-one mile stone, are the ruins of two old castles to the right ; on this side of the one hundred and twenty-fourth mile stqne stand the ruins of Roserk Abbey to the right; here is a closet of hewn^-stone for the confessor to sit in, to hear through a lateral hole the declarations of con- tritionary penitents; at the one hundred and twenty-sixth mile stone are the ruins of an old church to the right, and a cross road runs to the left; and a little farther on stands a small lake to the left. Kilalla, — Distant one hundred and twenty-seven miles from Dublin Castle, is pleasantly situated on a bay of the same name, on the south bank of the Moy. The only remarkable buildings in this straggling village, although an episcopal see, are the palace and cathedral ; here is a round tower. The^ bi!^hoprick o^' Achonry in the county of Sligo, was united to this see in the year 1607. The other road leading tu Ton IRELAND. 597 Kilalki, &c. liath been already noticed under the article Tyrawly. From a single glance on the map of the county, it is obvious that the general division of its soil maybe denominated lime-stone, lime-stone gra^ eJ, and moor, partaking of a great diversity of subordinate modifications, unnecessary to be specified in a selection of this description. Its castles for personal protection were well adapted for the intended purpose, strong, gloomy and secure, and its abbies erected to administer spiritual consolation, conformable to the superstitious ceremonies invented to impres'^ a solemn reverence on an ignorant and credulous multitude were numerous, splendid, and magnificent ; but however erro- neous monastic institutions may have been in their tenets and doctrines, the republic of literature is deeply indebted to these venerable repositories for preserving the valuable productions of antiquity from the plundering gripe of ferocious, violent and sanguinary barbarians. The herring fisheries on the extensive coasts of this county very ofteri become profitable speculations, but totally depending on the capricious excursions of the finny tribe ; all other kinds of fish generally found in these seas, are here caught in great abundi^nce, and salmoa frequent £ill co^siijerable rivers communicating with the Atlantic, 398 A Table of Fain held each month of the year^ in this County. Places where held. Ttme, Jan* Places where held. Time. June ▼ » Co tlyWl 1/ • • • • 1 JLillOAw^HI ^ • • • « 1 S i}l LIJUIU. • • • • 1 I'^Q 1 1 \7n o 11 n 1 c i^aiiyilclUIlIb • • • 1 JL UiX chlly^i-i-y^ • • • Minola Q m iJdLlIXld • • • • Carracast • • • • Q Feb. o Xjtiiv^tii rd • • • • 2 130/10(11 J ci • • • • O Ballinrobe • • * 7 V^'arCo.atit? • • • • 1 o vyasiieiagnaii • • , 7 VJclllOWJslllll • • , Q O 1^ C VV LfsJl t « • • O Oft jL>diI . • • • , J 1 Turlogh • • • , 13 A TIf Jxlfi . V^dstictUVvIlldilUo , T r ortneici » • • , 15 Ardnaree .... 20 Clare jjaiiagnuaerreeii • 1 J. iJdlldlldUcnecll • , ziiy XvILlciici • • • • • a \j x^vJ UlioLl U.1 11 » • a OA IMtral • • • • • (I o XUXlUltl • « , 25 JL llllL'Jii'll 4 • • • q l! n *i K p V n n n r> V.y'CllJMclIVv./i lllXill:^ « • 0*7 / v-/asii6uar • • • • J 1 liues • • • • • 29 BallinE^ • • • • J L v>'arragiii eagn • , 29-30 Ballively • • • • 1 'V Tulrahan • • • • X O _ July JL'UXIUIU. • • • • tSnl ItrliQiiyiic Uctjl y lid Ui ilia • • • Holly mount • • • 1 O Swinefbrd • • • . is IVIoyne Abbey . • 1 R 1 0 Ballyliean • . . Oarra^brea^'li • • oiinuiigiass • • 7 K^Wlllt-lUl vl • • • • VVriatiCUdL . • • • <^ JtUto • • • • • xVIllIlclJll • • • • 1 z Crossmolina • • • 23 Ballindangon 22 Westport . , . . 24. Moyne .... 25 Bunfinglass . . . 24^ Shrule 26 Clare 24 Straid 30 Dunamona . . • 26 Ballindangon . • 28 Aug. Ballcvary ... * 29 Carraghreagh . . 1 Straid . , . . • 31 ^Ballaghaderreen 1 FOR IRELAND. 399 Places ivhere held. Time. Places where held. Time, A* TCiliTiain X V IXXi I Clill & . a • a 9R ^ Cj 4 Ral 1 vli n Tin 1 Q -■-'"'J.X y lit* 1411XO • a a 9Q X^UUloUUi ^li • • • Fortfieid ▼ T CotlJV/l l< • • • • Louisburfl"*!! a a . OXJ vial 1 ina/^r^ci'r^i lo X> fill 111 ddJolCiii/ • • Q O XJl 1Z.C • • • • • Balliiia • • • • 12 Ballagliaderreen 1 An rr n r» I a v A xvLl^ill^ictl « • • ^Ipwtovvn corp C W l/Vr %» li^VJX C a a X X xJl lilclU. • • • • 1 R ^▼XXAiVyldi • a a . x9 X/ctiiiVcti \ • « • • 17 Rues a « *1 XVlliu.ldi • • • • • 1 ^ Neal V/JdlC; • • • • • 1 7 Ball 7 Swi n Pn Pi n It^VY 11.1 CXI v;XvL • • • 1 ft 4*11 vfV» OXl XXX • • a 7 1 JJclIililaiiC • • • • Killala XVlIlcllCt a • a . Q Gallow^ill . . . 21 Balcarra .... 10 Turlogli • • • • 24 Newport . • . . X X T? of.V|fVji n XWaLllli. dlt • • • • HoflifVon Xi/ Eall TVln\7Tip Abbpv XtX^VIXC XXlLrMCy a • xJ Clare 27 1 1 1 n rribp X-f dXllXXL V/L/C . a a Louisburgh ... 29 Ballindangon . • 7 Castletown ... 29 Turlogh a • a • Q X CiVlv/XU. a a * • Oct. Hollymount ... 1 1 X X XulSlv/^lII jr . • • « A nnpnPlQrP xx.U2^iidciiC ... 1 0 1^ T^nllivplv x^diiiTdy . . • • 2 A rri nafpp XXXlXlidXCC . a « a 1 Q 10 Vn"v fnYc\ JL. \JA.l\JX\JL . « • . XJlXllAllJi^lCtOd a a . Id A vf\ n SI T*pp X\lUil21iCC . • • a v>l CasiilUIlllai a . . 1 c» lo T^nll 11*1 rl n n oron XJc1>XXlliviailIg\JXX « • 1 1 JLJalllli£tC Emlyfad, Kilshalvy, Kiltora. Tumore, There are no towns or remarkable villages in this Barony. Killtiathrehn monastery was situated in this Barony ; its scite i« aow unknown* 409 Parishes in the Barowj of TiraghrilL Killeiy, i\ liana, Ballinakelly) Dromcollum, Kilmacalleii, Kilmactranyj Kilriedon, Kiicross, Shancoe, Taimagh* Balliiwfad^ — Is a small village, distant eighty-eight miles from the Castle of Dublin : here are the ruins of an old castle, and the beautiful lake Arrow, v/ith its cluster of well wooded islands is situated on the right. The road forks into two bran- ches ; that on the right leading to Coloney, and the other on. the left, to Ballymote village, distant ninety-six miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin : here are the ruins of an old and spacious castle, built in the year 1300, by Richard de Bourg, second Earl of Ulster. Its dimensions were one hunw dred and fifty feet square, and sixty feet high. This castle was reduced by Treton and Sir Charles Coote in the year 16S2* There was also a small monastery of Franciscan Friars founded here. The east window still remaining, is remarkably curious. At the ninety-first mile stone, the road from Ballymote unites on the left. The ruins of an old castle lie on the left ; the ruins of Ballindown abbey also stand on the left, and a cross road leads to the right ; at the ninety-third mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right leading to Ballintogher, and the other on the left to Coloony; at the ninety-fourth mile stone, a road from Ballymote joins on the left, and a little far- ther on, are the ruins of an old castle to the right ; beyond the ninety-sixth mile stone, a cross road runs to the right; at the ninety-seventh mile stone, the road from Ballymote unites on the left; on this side of the ninety-eight mile stone, stands the little village of Toberscanawn, a small lake and a cross road lie on the left; at the ninety-ninth mile stone, stands the neat lit- tle town of Coloony, pleasantly situated on a river of the same name: here is a fine plain church. In the rebellion of 1798, General Humbert, with all his French forces, aided by a vast swarm of infatuated rebels, received so severe a check from a detachment consisting of 180 yeomen and militia, commanded by the gallant Colonel Vercker of the Limerick militia, at this town, as constrained him to relinquish the project of seizing the opulent town of Sligo, A cross road runs to the right, and two stretch to the left. 3 G 410 NEW traveller's GVlDt Ballysidare^ — Is a neat little village, distant one hundred tiiiles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, pleasantly si- tuated on the Coloony river ; a cross road runs to the left, and the ruins of an old abbey lie on the left. SLigo^ — Distant one hundred and three miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is the shire and assizes town of this county; it is pleasantly situated at the mouth of Sligo Bay, on the banks of a fine river of the same name. Its pubUc buildings consist of a goal, a barrack, a court house, an infir- mary, and a charter school, liberally endowed by the Winne fa- mily. This town owes the origin of its existence to a castle and an abby, erected here by Maurice Fitz-Gerald, Lord Jus-^ ice of Ireland, about the year 1262. The protection thus af- forded, together with the goodness of the harbour, gradually attracted numbers of inhabitants, and thus progressively in- creased to considerable magnitude, consequence and impor- tance. In the year 12775 all Fitz-Gerald's castles were destroy^ ed by the enraged Irish, in revenge of the death of O'Brien Eoe, King of Thompnd, then in rebellion against the English Government J and slain by Thomas de Clare, son-in-law to Fitz-Gerald. la the year 1310, Richard the Red, Earl of Ulster, re-built the castle of Sligo. This town was frequently pillaged, and destroyed in the various conflicts of barbarous contending factions. In the year 1414, the abbey was destroy- ed by fire, for the re-erection of which. Pope John the Twenty Third, issued apostolic letters dated from Constance, February tlie sixteenth 1415, relaxing ten years penance to all pious vi- sitors, who, on the festivals of the Blessed Virgin's assumption, iiod St. Patrick's, would contribute to its reparatiop — condi- tions which speedily procured credulous purchasers of so mild an atonement for their spiritual transgressions. Near Sligo, is A place called the Giant s Grave, where many large stones are perpendicularly placed, in a form nearly resembling that singu- lar collection at Stone Hinge on Salisbury Plain. A road runs on the left along the sea coast to Ballina, and another on tlie right leads to Ballys-hanoon. Sligo returns one member to the {imperial Parhament. Pd) khcs in iJie Barony, of CarbUry: Killaspufibrone, Kilmacowen, Sligo, A 1 1 amp li Jr h , DromclifF. Oil tlie I'oad passing from Manor Hamilton to Sligo, tlilg rOR IRELAND, 411 bounty commences at the hundred mile stone ; at the one hun- dred and third mile stone, stands Hazle Wood, delightfully situated on the shores of Lough Gill. The house and demesne aptly correspond in elegant magnificence. Sligo, as already no- ticed, is distant one hundred and five miles by Manor Hamil- ton. On the road leading from Sligo to Ballyshannon, on this side of the fourth mile stone, stands Drumcliff Church : here are the remains of a round tower on the right, and a little be- yond the fourth mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle on the left. Off this coast lies the island of Innismurray, presenting an inaccessible precipice on the side opposite the ocean, but gently shelving by easy steps on the side next the land. It contains about one hundred and thirty acres of shallow soil, about four or five inches deep, and inhabited by about forty individuals of all ages, whose constant occupation is fish- ing : here are the ruins of two rudely built chapels, and St. Moliese's cell, covered with a stone arched roof; here the statue of the Saint is deposited ; there is also a cvirsing altar, which proves more destructive to the perjurer, according to the marvellous le- gends propagated by craft to terrify ignorant credulity, than evel* the river Styx was dangerous to the violated veracity of the hea- then deities who prostituted their honour. What a pity that such miraculous touch-stones, are not fixed in all courts of ju- dicature, to be occasionally applied to the lips of slippery at- tornies, flippant aflidavit-men, and hacknied custom-house oath swearers ! At the eleventh mile stone, stands the half-way house, and on this side of the fourteenth mile stone, the county termi*? nates. Parishes in iJie Barony of Tyreraglu Dromard, Esky, Kilmoremoy, Screen, Kilglasse, Templeboy. Castleconnor, Kilmacshalgan, On the road leading from Sligo to Ballina, at the eighth mile stone, stands Strand-house Inn, and Balra Church on the left ; a little beyond the tenth mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle on the right ; at the twelfth mile stone, stand the ruins of an old castle, and Screen Church on the left ; at the sixteenth mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle on the left; on this side of the twenty-first mile stone, the road crosse? the Esky river; the ruins of an old castle lie on the right, and 412 KEW TIlAViiLLER'ii CtVlDt Esky church stands on the left. At the twenty-seven mile stono fire situated Enscrone church, and the ruins of an old castle on the right. At the thirty mile stone, lie the ruins of Roserk abbey? and likewise of an old church ; and a little farther on arc the ruins of an old castle. On this side of the thirtv-three mile stone, the ruins of an old castle stand on the left. *^At the thirty-three mile stone the road crosses the Bunree river; the i uins of an old church lie on the right, and a church stands on the left. Here the road crosses the Moy by a stone bridge. The soil of this barony is light and gravelly, and in many part^ jnoory. The Ox inountains are situated on the verge of thia <^i$trict. FOR INLAND* A Table of Fairc held in this County every month in the yettr. places where held^ Time. Jan, Flaccs where lield^ J'ijne, Balaghy . « . 1 Eniscrone . . . ]4 Banada , • . . 17 Ballysidare . . . 17 1 Cliffonv J S JL tU» Ardnaglass . . . 21 Carrignagnat 1 Farnicarney . . 24 BallyiTiote Q 0 J. uut/i V U.1 1 y . . • 27 13allysiclare . X Fuberscan avail • / Mar. July Sligo-town • • • JLIctll y •^ALicll • • • 1 f) zo A nv loCICcIl • • • • \ a c i 1 Q 1 / 1 vv 1 1\ VydStlt-UttlLt VV i li • • Btilaghy • . • . 1 0 J y Tempi eh ouse . • iviaTj Ijrrange • • . • 1 oC z oailysidare . 4* Colooiiy • • • • 0 Jameswell Ballymote . . . 11 Bmieniden . . . J.Xt;WLwWll • » • 1 ^ XJcLi-iclKXa. • • • • ^JdlilliclL'cii 1 vy VV « f ^ligo • • • • . 1 1 1 1. ' l^nKovcP'^'nQ van J. liUI-l al^tlHd V <»n • 1 7 A vri n n 1 n c c jflLJ L4il€.li^ltlob ... 1 ft V^lllll-^ll V ♦ • • • 1 0 J>Lliicl .... Ltl J V./ A V4I V^AX • • • 20 Grange . • • • 25 jjejua • • • • Tobercurry • • • 0 1 00 z4 JL>tlJ 1 V lliUlC . • . Fariiicarney • • 2o Coloony 5 B^l^ysida^^G • • • 00 Castlebaldvvin • • /> 0 l^aiagny , . z 1 ^ J 0 oune J. D ^bity • . q X UUcl bLdliclV all • 1 0 Castlebaldvvin . 4 Fa rni Carney ^ 21 Dromore . . . 6 Skreen .... 21 Banada • . . , 7 Ai'dnaglass . . . 23 Ballymote . . , 7 Ballintogher . . 8 Or/. Balaghy .... 9 Tobercurry • . . 4 Ballina^arrow . . 14 Cliffony , . • . NEW TIUVELLER's GUIDE jL 17)16* T'ime, October JSov, Buneniaon • • « o V v^oioony • « . , bligo 9 Buneniden • . • 27 Ballinacarrow . • lobercurry . . . 29 Ballintogher 17 jDallysiaere . . • 24 JDec, JciossUee . : . ^ 28 Newtown . . * 5 Grano'e • . • • Ballintoofher • o Tuber scan avan ijrrange • . . • 10 n Ballinacarrow . • 14? JSov. v^iirrony .... 15 ^ 1111- v^astlebaldwin r • 1 Ballysidare . • « 15 CliiTony .... 6 Coloony .... 16 1 einpJenoiise . 7 Bally mote 20 JLIctll y cklClCl c; • • • 1 £i JL dl IJlL/di lit? Y • • i. BaUymote . . . 15 Screen .... 21 Ardnaglass . . • 17 Dromore • . . 30 my e • . , . 18 FOR IREl-ANP, COUNTY OF CAVAN, The County of Cavan — Is bounded on the north by Fer^ managh and Monaghan ; on the east by West Meath ; on the south by Longford ; and on the south west by Leitrim. Its greatest extent irom east to west is about forty Irish miles, and from north to south, about twenty-two Irish miles. Its surface comprises 301,000 acres, Irish plantation measure. It contains seven baronies, Clonmoghan, Tullaghhanka, Castleragheu, Loughtee, TuUahaw, Clonkee, Tullaghgarry. Which are di* vided into thirty parishes. It abounds in fenny pastures and coarse grounds : some portions are fertile, having a rich deep soil. It is much incumbered with mountain in those parts lying contiguous to the counties of Leitrim and Fermanagh ; it is pleasingly speckled with numerous small lakes, which highly contribute to diversify and beautify the prospect. Its principal rivers are the Woodward, the Croghan, the Erne, the Bally- hay:s, and Annallee, besides numerous little streamlets, which are scattered in all directions, either to feed the various lakes or mingle with the stately current of the more majestic rivers. AU the rivers of every description rising in this county, or flowing through it from remoter sources, invariably direct their course;^ to Lough Erne, situated in a neighbouring county. The linen manufacture has vigorously thriven in this district. This couu* ty gives the title of Earl to the femily of Lambert. Parishes in the Barony of Clonmogan. Ballymachugh, Drumknnmon, Ballintemple, Crosscrlogh. 4I(> NEW traveller's GUIDE On the road running from Old-castle to Daly's-bridge, CaVan County commences near the forty-three mile stone. Here the road forks into two branches, that on the right leads to Cavan. At the forty-five mile stone, is situated the delightful demesne of Pallas on the right. Dali/s Bridge— Is a neat little village distant forty-six miles and a half from Dublin Castle, and agreeably situated on a consider- able stream flowing into Lough Shellin. On the border of this lake stand the ruins of an old castle to the left, and on an island in the lake are the ruins of an old abbey, erected at an early but uncertain period, and still continues a very distinguished cemetery. At the forty-eight mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Virginia. On this side of the fifty mile stone, a cross road on the right winds to Crosskeys. At the fifty-one mile stone, stands Darien's bridge, and a cross road on the right sweeps towards Crosskeys. Here is situated a small lake on the left. At the fifty-three mile stone, stands Ballintemple^ church on the right, and a small lake to the left. On this side of the fifty-four mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Bally James Duff. Ballinanaught^ — Is a neat little village, distant fifty-four miles and a half from Dublin Castle; a cross road on the right leads to Cavan, and another on the left runs to Granard. On this side of the fifty-five mile stone, a cross road on the left leads to Longford. Crossdony^ — Is a smart little village, distant fifty-six miles from Dublin Castle; a cross road on the right leads to Cavan : midway betv/een Crossdony^ and Cavan, is situated Kilmore, of wliich an account shall be given in its appropriate position ; on the left of Crossdony are situated three small lakes. On tins side of the fifty-seven mile stone, the road crosses the Erne nver, by Ballyhidy bridge. This vicinity is a continued clus- ter of beautiful mansions and highly improved demesnes. Parishes in the Barony of Tidlaghunlca^ Kildallen, Killeshandra. Fi om Ballyhidy bridge, the road runs in a parallel direction wiih the river Erne for a considerable distance. At the sixty mile stone stands a small lake on the left, and a little farther on; a Qxoss road on the left leads to St. Joh^istown. Killeshandra, a smart sprightly village, distant sixty miles and three quar^rs lOR IRELAND, from Dublin Castle, is agreeably situated on the river Croglian. Here is a plain well built church adorned with a spire and steeple. On the westei'n bank of the river are situated the ruins of an old castle to the right, and a little farther on, a cross road on the right leads to Belturbet, and another on the left winds to- wards Leitrim. A little beyond the sixty-three mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right leads to Bally- connel, the other on the left runs to Swadlinbar. A little beyond the sixty-four mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Beltur- bet. Here are two small lakes situated on the right, and ona on the left connected by a stream over which the road passes. A little beyond the sixty-five mile stone, two small lakes lie on the right. These lakes generally lying contiguous to each other, and connected by a winding stream, may not unaptly be com- pared to a pair of spectacles. On this side of the sixty-sevcu mile stone, the road crosses the Woodford river. At the sixty- seven mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Ballyconne!, and another on the left runs to Ballinamore, and a little farther on are the ruins of an old church on the left. To Swadlinbar bi/ Dalt/s-Bridge. (Miles,) Daly Vb ridge • • , . * — j 461 Darun's-bridge . . • ,5 51 1 Ballinanaught .... Si 54| Crossdony . . . . . 1| 56 Killeshandra . . . • 44 60' Baunboy 8 1 692: Swadlinbar . . , , 4< 74f Parishes in the Barony ef Tullahati\ KInawley, Templeport, Tonircgan. At the sixty-eight mile Stone, is situated Templeport church to the left, on the borders of a small lake. At the sixty-nine mile stone, the road from Ballyconnel unites on the right at Baunboy village, and a cross road on the left, leads to Bally- magovern, from the seventy to the seventy -one mile stone, a lake on the left flanks the road, and a cross road on the left winds towards Leitrim. At the seventy-three jnile stone, stand the ruins of an old church on the right. 3 H ITEW 1'RAVELLEr'« GVIDR Swadliiibar^—'Distsint seventy-four miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a neat smart village, agreeably situated on the Clodagh river. It is much frequented in the summer season, by hypocondri- aes, valetudinarians, and patients actually afflicted with scorbutic and cutaneous maladies, to drink the waters of a celebrated spa, situated within half a mile of this village, and deemed efficacious in distempers of this discription, as well as in nervous cases. Here stands a plain neat church adorned with a spire and steeple; a cross road branches off on the right. Here the road enters the county of F ermanagh, passing by Florencecourt, the splendid residence of the Earl of Enniskillen. And at the eighty-four mile stone, it re-enters the county of Cavan, where a cross road on the right passes over Belcoo bridge, then forks into two branches, the one on the right stretching towards Enniskillen, and the other on the left runs to Garrison. Black Lion lnn—\% distamt eighty-four miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle. A little beyond the eighty-five milestone, lie the ruins of an old church, situated on the right close to the shore of Loiigh Macknean. A little beyond the eighty- six mile stone, a cross road on the left leads to Leitrim, and on this side of the eighty-eight mile stone, thp county terminates in thi^ direction. On the road passing from Kells to Virginia, Cavan County commences on this side of the thirty-sev^n mile stone; a cross road on the right, leads to Bailieborough, and another on the left runs to Crossakeel. At the thirty-nine mile stone, is situated Lough Ramor to the left ; on an island in this lake stand the ruins of an old castle. At the fortieth-mile stone, a crcs^ road to the right leads to Moynalty, and the ruins of an old castle liq to the left. Parishes in the Barony of Casfleraheen* Castleraheen, Lurgan, Munterconnaught, Killinkere, Mullagh. Virginia^ — Distant forty miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a smart neat town pleasantly situated on a river of the same name. Here the road from Bailieborough unites on the right, and the ruins of an old castle stand on the left. At the forty-two mile stone, a cross road on the left leads to Old-Castle. At fht. forty- three mile stone, stands Lurgan church to the right. Balli^ James Diif]~U a sprightly little village, distant forty l^ve miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle ; the road from Old- t'OR IRELAl^Di 449 Castle unites on the left, and a cross road on tKe left sweeps towards Granard ; here a small lake stands on the right : at the forty-seven niile stone, is situated a lake to the right ; at the forty-nine mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Stradon, and a small lake stands on the left : on this side of the fifty-one mile stone, a cross road on the right, sweeps to- wards Stradone ; and two cross roads On the left branch of^ hi different directions, one to Old-Castle, and the other to Ballin- anaught. On this side of the fifty-three mile stone, a cros^ road on the right, leads to Stradone, and another on the left^ j»weeps forward to B^liinanaught, Cavan^ — The ^ire arid assizes toi^n of this County^ and distant fifty-four miles from the Castle of Dublin, is agreeaWy situated on a rivef of the same name. Here are a goal, a court-house, and a barrack for a troop of hof se ; the royal endowment for the establishment of a school in this town is Very considerable. In 1300, a monastery was founded here for friars of the order of Sti Dominick, by O'Reilly, dynast of Breffinny; but in 1393, the Dominicans were expelled by this sept, and the establishment bestowed on Conventual Francis- cai>s. In 1468, this monastery, together with Bally-Riely, the family mansion of this powerful sept, was burned by the English forces, commanded by the Lord Deputy John Tiploft, Earl of Worcester. Owen O'Neil, the redoubted leader of the Irish insurgents, having died by poison, as traditionally reported, was interred in this abbey on the 16th of November^ 1649. It was a borough previous to the Union. The road from Stradone unites on the right : a cross road sweeps off on the right, leading tfo Ballyhays ; and another on the left, leads to Crossdony. Kilmore^ — Situated three miles to the east of Cavan, is a siliali village, where an abbey was founded in the sixth century by St. Columb ; it was erected into a bishoprick by St. Fedlimed, which was transferred to an obscure village named Triburna, where it continued until the year 1454, wfeen Andrew Mac Brady, the then existing bishop of Tribturna, erected i\ churd^k Parishes in the Barony of LoughteCo Belturbetj AnnagellifFe, Denn, Drujulane- Kilmore,, Lowevj Urney* 420 KliW traveller's GUIBS on the scite of the original striTctiire, founded by St Fedllmed, to whose memory this edifice was dexlicated, and received the appellation of Kihnore, or the Great Church. This see has neither cathedral, canons, nor chaptei',. to designate the grada- tions of ecclesiastical dignity, the parochial church, situated', contiguous to the episcopal palace, being substituted to supply^ the deficiency of a cathedral in all ecclesiastical transactions;, At the fifty-five mile stone, on the left, stands Farnham-House^ the splendid residence of Lord Farnham. The lakes scattered: through the extensive demesne, have a most enchanting effect in diversifying a profusion of charming prospects; in some, parts they are skirted with large thick hedge row trees, encir- cling rich and verdanl meads, while the rising grounds gradually sloping, or abruptly ascending from the shores, are thickly shaded with the deep and dark foliage of the forest, crowning the summit of the hills, or covering the vales to a considerable distance ; in one compartment stands^ a grass enclosure, animated with various groups of flocks and herds, peaceably brousing on its verdant and flowery carpet ; in other directions, the shores arc overshadowed' with the impending trees closely ranged, and projecting into the lake. The open spaces consist of undulating lands, waving in a variety of forms ; in some places commanding a full prospect of the lakes, and in other positions totally ob- scured, and^exhibiting a very different picture. On this side of the fifty-seven mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Ballyhays. BNlIer^s Bridge^ — Distant fifty-seven miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat smart village, agreeably situated on the Ballyhays-river. Here the road forks into two branches, that on the left, leads to Belturbet, and the other, on the right, runs to Newtown Butler. At the sixty mile stone, a cross road on the left, leads to Belturbet; and another on the right, sweeps to Red HilL At the sixty-one mile stone, stands a small lake on the right; here the County terminates in this direction. On the road passing between Butler's-bridgc and Belturbet, near 'he fifty-eight mile stone, , a cross road on the left, leads to To Ballycoimdi hy Killeshandra. (Miles.) Killeshandra, Ballyconnel, — I 60| 61 j 67t FOR IRELAND* Ballyconnel ; and a little beyond the fifty-eight mile stone, stand the ruins of an old church on the the borders of a lake situated to the left ; at the fifty-nine mile stone, a long string of small lakes are situated on the left; on this side of the sixty mile stone, the road crosses between two lakes situated right and left ; a little beyond the sixty mile stone, stands a lake on the right ; on this side of the sixty-one mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Ballyhays ; and the ruins of an old castle lie in the same direction. Belturbet^ — Distant sixty-one miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is a moderately sized town, pleasantly situated on the river Erne. Here is a barrack for a troop of horse ; a church adorned with a spire and steeple ; and a good market- house. It was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. Three roads issue from this town, that on the right leads to Enniskillen, the centre road runs to Ballyconnel, and the third, branching off to the left, winds towards Killeshandra. On the road passing between Belturbet and Enniskillen, at the sixty*three mile stone, stand the ruins of an old abbey on the right, where the County ter- minates in this direction. Ballyconnel^ — -Distant sixty-seven miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a smart little village, agreeably situated on the Woodford-river. Here stands a substantial plain church ; very extensive flour-mills have been erected in thi^; village : the road from Killeshandra unites on the left : two roads issue from this town, that on the left leads to Ballyma- govern, and the other on the right, winds by two different ramifications, either to Manor Hamilton, or Enniskillen. On the road leading from Moynalty to Bailieborough, the County of Cavan commences at the forty mile stone ; a little farther on, stand the ruins of an old church on the right ; at the forty-tv;o mile stone, a diagonal cross road unites on the right. To Ballycoiinel^ by Virginia, Virginia, . . Bally James DufF, (IVIiles.) 40| 41 451' Crossroads, 5i 50j Cavan, . . . Butler's-bridge, 62, 54 3 57 Belturbet, 4+ 6i 6H Ballyconnel, • 67| 422 NEW TRAyELLER^S Gmm Parishes ifi the Barony of Clonhee. Enmskeen, Knockbride, Shercoct. Killah, Moybolguej Bailiehorough^ — Is a neat smart little village, distant forty^ three miles from the Castle of Dublin, and pleasantly situated on a streamlet which flows into the Black-water. Here the road from King's- Court unites on the right, and a cross road on the left, leads to Virginia. To the left of the town, stand the ruins of Bailieborough, pleasantly situated on the borders of a small lake ; here the road forks into two branches, that on the left leading to Cavan, and the other on the right, running to Coote-Hill. At the forty-four mile stone, stands a lake on the left ; on this side of the forty-six mile stone, are situated two inconsiderable lakes on the left ; at the forty-seven mile stone, stands Knockbride Churchy situated on the border of a lake on the right; at the forty-eight mile stone, is situated the little hamlet of Coronery, and a cross road on the left, sweeps towards Cavan. On this side of the fifty-one mile stone, the road crosses the Annalee-river, on whose bank stand the ruins of an old church on the left : on this side of the fifty-two mile stone, the road from Shercock unites on the right ; and a little beyond the fifty- two mile stone, a cross road oil the right, winds towards Ballyhays. Parishes in the Barony of Tullogh Garry. Drumgoon, Killersherdiny, Lara* Drung, Killinagh, Coote-Hill^ — Distant fifty-two miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat smart, well built town, agreeably situated on a river of the same name. Here the linen manu- facture is extensively carried on. On the right of the town, stands Bellamount-forest ; the mansion is a plain structure, but the demesne is very extensive, which is most tastefully planted in the finest stile of modern improvement. A cross road Oil the left leads to Cavan ; the road from Shercock unites on the right ; three roads issue from this town, the oiie on the left lends to Clones, the centre road runs to Monagha^i, and the third branching off on the right, wi^d^ to Bally bay. On rOR IRELAND. 429 this side of the fifty-five mile stone, the County terminates in this direction : on the road leading from Nobber to King's- Court, the County of Cavan commences at the thirty-eight mih stone. To Coote-Hill, hy King^s-Coitrt:. King's-Court, Shercock, Coote-Hill, King^ s- Court ^—h inconsiderable village, distant thirty- eight miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin.— Here the roads from Moynalty and Ardee conterminate ; a cross road on the left, sweeps to Bailieborough ; at the forty mile stone a cross road on the right leads to Carrickmacross ; at the forty-two mile stone, stands Droughlone Lake on the right;; at the forty-three mile stone, there is a small lake situated on the right ; at the forty-four nlile stone, the road from Carrickmacross unites on the right. Shercock^ — Is a small village, distant forty-four miles and ^hree quarters from the Castle of Dublin ; a small lake stands to the left; apd a little farther on, is situated Lough Swillan on the left ; whence the Annalee-river derives its source : on this side of the forty-eight mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Ballybay ; at the fifty-two mile stone, it unites with the road running from the village of Coronery, and thence proceeds to Coote-Hill already noticed. To Coafe^Hilly by Bailieborough. (Miles.) Bailieborough . , , — 43 Coron^ery , . , , 4 1 471 Coote^-Hill, . 5 . 5.1 521 (Miles.) 6 44# 7i 52i 424? KEw traveller's guide A Table of Fairs Jield in this County in every month in the yeau J. t/iXLt^o tA/ltCfC nmut TtTne, Jan. Apr. x\eciinu • • • • 1 lvin,g s-Court . • Id .Ballyconnel . « . 2 XT* * • Virginia .... T> 11 1 Ballyconnel ... 17 Crosskeys . . . 6 18 Middleton • . , 8 Kilgolagh . . . 26 Kilgolan .... 17 Aroagh .... 29 May. Arvagh • . • « I iteo. Tulliven . . • • 4 4< Cavan . • . . 1 iVliaaleton 6 KilnalecK .... 2 r>aliy James Uutt • 7 iSwadlinbar . . . 2 Ballincarrick • • ■ Shercock Kilnaleck . . • ; IB Kilcogny . . . 5 Cavan . . . . 14 Scraby . ... 10 Ballyconnel . • • ' lo Ballinacarrig . . 12 Bailieborough . • 17 Ballyconnel . . . 13 xialJyhays 18 Bailieborough . . 17 Swadlinbar . . . jjeituruet • . . ♦ Largy .... King's -Court • • O 1 oo ZL M.ar. t>ailynays ♦ • • Ji ^Middleton • • o Ballinagowran * Zo Belturbet • • xiconiu • . • • Tulliven .... 9 Kilcogny .... 25 Coote-Hill . . . 12 Doobally .... 26 TP* 11 1 Ballyconnel . . . 17 Crossdony . . . 27 Kilgolagh . . • 17 Scraby . . . . 27 17 C rosskeys . . . 29 i rosskeys . . . 17 Kedhill .... 19 June. bwadhnbar . . . 20 Mountnugent . . 1 25 Ballinaffh . . . 5 btradone 28 Shercock 7 T^illp^Viandra "Rpltiirnpf-Tnrp Arvagh .... 8 Apr. Coote-Hill . . . 9 Shercock 4 Kilnaleck 11 Crossdony . • . 5 Belturbet . . . 12 Ballinagh . . . 15 Ballihiland . . . 1% 16 * Bailieborpugh . . 12 FOR IRELAND. 42$ Places ivh'Cre Jteld, King's-Court Killeshandra Stradone . • . Ballyconnel . . Swadlinbar . • Crosskeys Shercock . • . Tulhven . . . Virginia . . . Ballyliays Bally James Duff Middleton . . Belturbet Largy Redhill . . . Swadlinbar . . Ballyconnel . . King's- Court Scraby Kilcogny . • Ballynagh Ballinacarrig Kilnaleck . . Ballinagowran Muff . . • Cavan Doobally Stradone Bailieborough Shercock . . Killeshandra Crossdoriy TuUiven . . Ballyconnel • Bally hays Time. Jime. 18 22 24^ 24 29 Bally James Duff July, 2 2 5 9 13 17 20 21 22 24 27 29 Aug, 1 1 3 5 10 - 12 12 14 15 16 17 23 25 26 26 28 30 riaces where held: Belturbet Middleton . . Kilnaleck Coote-Hill . . King's- Court Largy . . . Virginia . . , Aroagh . . . Cavan .... Shercock . . , BaHyconnel . . Btillinagh Stradone . . Swadlinbar Bailieborough Mountnugent Redhill . . Ballyconnel . Bally James Duff Shercock . . Middleton Sept. Q Arvagli Kilnaleck Kilcogny . . Ballyhays Killeshandra . King's- Court Cavan Bailieborough Crossdony Belturbet . . Largy . . Crosskeys Virginia . . Ballinacarrig Ballinagowran Kilgolagh Swadlinbar o I NEW traveller's omOE Places where held. Bally con nel . • King's-Court Coote-Hill . . Scraby Till liven , . . Bally hays Shcrcock Time, Places where held. Dec. Dec. %} 1 7 -I / 4" btradone .... 18 o O V% tlLlllIIUtJiX. • • 11 Ballinafijh . ' . 21 11 Bally James DiifF . 23 13 King's- Court : , 24 14 Aroagh .... 24 I FOR I^ET^AyND, 12.7 COUNTY OF FERMANAGH, The County of Ffrmanagh is bounded on the south and west by Leitrim ; on the north by the Counties of Donegal and Tyrone ; and on the east by the Counties of Monaghan and Cavan. Its greatest extent from east to west, is about 34 Irish miles, and from north to south, about 26 Irish miles. Its surface comprises 283,400 acres, Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountain, and waste ; it is divided into eight Baronies: — Knockninye, Clonawly, Tureskennedy, Mahereboy, Lurge, Coole, Magherestaphana, Clonkelly — which contain eighteen Parishes. The celebrated Lough-Erne occupies the centre portion of this County, from one extremity to the other; a circumstance that materially impedes travelling, as the nothern and southern divisions thus severed asunder by the intervening- lake, can only hold communication by water, not at all times passable, or by going a circuitous land-journey through Ennis- killen, built on an island formed by the waters flowing from the upper branch to the Lower Lake, from both ends of which town, bridges are constructed to communicate with the main- land, lying on both sides of tlie water. Extensive boggy tracts and coarse mountains, occupy a great portion of the surface of this County, some of which are cultivable and capable of improvement; not only all the rivers originating in this County, but almost every other river deriving its source from the adja.- cent districts, uniformly direct their courses towards Lough- KEW traveller's GUIDE Erne, into which they discharge their waters. This district vrns constituted a County in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The linen manufncture flourishes here, as the soil seems to be well adapted for the growth of flax ; the females of this district are deemed very expert spinners : this County gives the title of Viscount to the family of Verney. In ancient times it was the exclusive property of the MacGilires, a powerful and very for- midable sept, and the natural strength and strong passes with which this territory abounded, rendered their reduction and subjugation, an Herculean entefprize. Parish in the Barony of Knoclcninye. Callahill. On the road leading from Ballyconnel to Callahill, Ferma- nagh County commences on this side of the sixty-ninth mile stone; here the road runs along the base of Slieve Russell, situated on the left. Callahill^ — Is an inconsiderable village, distant seventy-one miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin ; here the road from Belturbet unites on the right. The church is situ- ated on the right ; at the seventy-two mile stone, lie the ruins of a castle on the left ; the road in continuation runs through a moory tract well planted. On this side of the seventy-five mile stone, it crosses the Clodagh-river ; a cross road on the left, leads to Swadlinbar ; a little beyond the seventy*five mile stone, stand the ruins of an old castle on the left ; on this side of the seventy-eight mile stone, the road from Swadlinbar unites on the left ; here the road forks into two branches, that on the right leading to Enniskillen, and the other on the left, to Manor Hamilton. At the seventy-nine mile stone of the road branching tow^ards Manor Hamilton, stands Florence Court on the left, the splendid residence of the Earl of Enniskillen. The mansion is a modern structure, erected on the scite of the old family habitation ; the front extending two hundred and sixty feet is of the Ionic order; the west front commands a delightful view of Lough-Macknean, and to the south lie a lofty range of mountains called the Culea; the approach is through a sloping lawn, consisting of one hundred and forty acres, where the house stands, encircled by natural woods and planta- tions ; the temaining compartments of this very extensive <^len)csne arc tastefully arranged, affording a variety of charmiirig FOR IRELAND. 429 prospects ; and the natural beauty of the situation is as highly ornamented as the efforts of art judiciously displayed could profusely embellish it. It is superfluous to observe, that a sylvan scenery constitutes a considerable ingredient of its vari- ously diversified charms. Before the noble family of Enniskillen transferred their residence from Enniskillen Castle to this spot, the surrounding country was totally unimproved, and scarcely inhabited. On this demesne, at a considerable distance from the mansion, there is a natural arch iu a rock, through which a subterraneous river flows. A little beyond the eighty mile stone, stands New Church on the right ; on this side of the eighty-two mile stone, the road crosses the Clodagh -river, on whose banks are situated the ruins of an old church to the left ; on the road leading from Belturbet to Enniskillen, the County of Fermanagh commences at the sixty-three mile stone ; at the sixty-four mile stone, stands a lake on the left ; at the sixty- seven mile-stone, is situated a lake on the right; on this side of the sixty-nine mile stone, the road from Ballyconnel unites on the left; a church, and the ruins of an old castle, lie on the left ; and thence the two roads thus con terminating, run con- jointly to Enniskillen. Parishes in the Barony of Coole. Drumkin, Drummully. On the road leading from Butler' s-bridge to Wattle-bridge, the river Fin separates the Counties of Cavan and Fermanagh in this direction. Wattle-bridge^ — Distant sixty-two miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a smart little village, pleasantly situated on the river Fin. On the right stand the ruins of a Druidical temple, situated on the bank of the river. On this side of the sixty-three mile stone, stands St. Mary's Church to the right, adorned with a spire and lofty steeple : between the sixty-three and sixty-four mile stones, are situated two ynall lakes on the left. Newtoxm-hutlei' ^^'Dhttmt sixty-five miles and a qnarter from the Castle of Dublin, is an inconsiderable village, which gives the title of Baron to the Earl of Lanesborough : here is an handsome church, and a cross road on the right, winds towards Clones. Donoiigh^ — Is n small village, distant sixty-seven miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin. The rend from Clone'^ 43P NEW traveller's GUIDE unites on tli€ right. Here are the ruins of an old church situ- ated on the right, and a small lake stands on the left, there are a very few hamlets thinly scattered over this barony. Parishes in the Barony of Magherestaphana. Aghaleurcher, Aghavea, LisnesJcea^ — Distant seventy miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, is a poor decayed village, contiguous to which are many neat residences, inhabited by a very respectable gentry, whose comfortable independence is not overshaded by the towering splendor of lordly ostentation, or the pompous parade of glitter- ing equipages ; nor is the pride of ambitious vanity humbled by a contrasted display of such a disparity of relative property, where the private gentleman possessed of a moderate income, must be- come contented to take his station in the back ground of the picture. A cross road on the right leads to Brooksborough. Parishes in the Barony of Tureslcennedy. Derryvullan, Enniskillen, Magheracross, Trory. Maguire^s Bridge^ — distant seventy-two miles and three qvmr- ters from Dublin Castle, is pleasantly situated on a streamlet, flowing into Lough Erne. Here the road from Clones unites on the right; a cross road on the right leads to Brooksborough ; a road sweeping off on the right winds to Tempo. Beyond the seventy-five mile stone, stands Libellaw church, pleasantly situ« ated on the bank of a considerable streamlet flowing into Lough Erne ; a cross road on the right leads to Tempo, and another on the left stretches towards Bellisle, the romantic residence of the late Earl of Ross, distant two miles from Libellaw; it is situated on an island in Lough Erne, consisting of about two hundred acres, charmingly diversified by hills, dales, and gentle declivi- ties ; which are richly clothed with a profusion of old timber, in some positions forming the thick shade of the gloomy forest, and in other places exhibiting the open and cheerful groves i the trees overhanging the shore produce a most agreeable effect. A reach of the lake extends in front of the mansion, situated near the shore enveloped by a fine wood, at the same time en- FOR lUELAND. 4S1 riching the beauty of the scenery, and affording an agreeable slielter. This sheet of water, which is three miles in length, is bounded by an island thickly wooded, and a circular hill, which forms the deer park ; this hill is backed by a mountain of con- siderable elevation ; on the right are situated five large clumjys of thick wood, diversified with as many islands, boldly emerging from the bosom of the lake, between which the waters break in beautiful sheets, and forming an aquatic scene extremely pic- turesque. In the opposite direction, the lake stretches behind a forest, in a strait which forms Bellisle. Through the island beautiful gravel walks are formed, affording a great variety of agreeable prospects. A Temple is erected on an eminence com- in^nding a full view of all the wooded islands ; the united assem- blage of the clustered islands appears fi'om the grotto an unin- terrupted series of improvement, and the intervening water flowing between them, assumes the appearance of a fine bay deeply penetrating into the recesses of a dark forest; above these, the green .park s ises in majestic grandeur, whose verdant car- pet is strongly contrasted with the russet hue of the heathy mountains, exhibiting a distant view, and now beheld in their proudest solemnities. At the seventy-seven mile stone, stands a small lake on the left. At the seventy-nine mile stone, a road branches off on the right leading to Omagh. Enniskillen^ — Distant seventy-nine miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, is a very considerable inland town, deliglit* fully situati^d on an island formed by the waters communicating between the upper and lower sections of this charming lake. The town thus strongly hjituated, is only approachable by two l)ridges placed at its northern and southern extremities ; such natural advantages enabled its loyal inhabitants to protect it from desolation on various occasion^, during the unfortunate conflicts which so frequently convulsed the tranquillity of this island. On a gentle eminence commanding the bridge, are the remains of a redoubt, v^^hich was occupied by the inhabitants, when they so heroically and successfully defended the town against James the Second's army. At the revolution, a regiment of cavahy was raised, principally composed of the youth of this town audits vicinity, which then, as on all subsequent engage- ments, singularly distinguished itself, and still bears its original proud title of Loyal Enniskillencrs. It is the shire and assizes town of the county. Its public buildings are such as are neces- sarily constructed in all places Mhere public justice is adminis- tered, and malefactors are confined. It has a fine barrack for three companies of foot. Contiguous to the to^vn a super^b 432 traveller's GUIDE gelioc)! house is erected, most profusely endowed by royal boun- ty; if such establishments were appropriated to the education of the children of poor clergymen and subaltern officers, des- tined for a military profession, or for the ministry ; they would then prove a real national benefit, and an exhaustless source for a succession of able, pious, and unambitious divines, who would enter on the sacred office, not from the expectation of speedy promotion, through either the intrigue or influence of a power- ful patron, or the predelection of episcopal partiality ; and the poor parent, who toiled all his life for a scanty pittance in the church, scarcely sufficient to afford subsistence, would close his eyes in thankful gratitude, that such asylums existed to afford protection and suitable instruction to the surviving pledges of liis former solicitude, and whose future humble establishment engrossed his only worldly ambition. But now, alas ! neither the university, nor the numerous magnificent establishments of this description, affi^rd such flattering expectations. On the present perverted plan, these institutions only prove profitable to the individual possessed of sufficient interest to obtain the appointment. The immense revenues, now wantonly wasted, might be more judiciously distributed in affi^rding the ne- cessary teachers liberal and adequate salaries besides the profits accruing from wealthy boarders; and the sui^j^lus of the revenue might be applied for educating and supporting a cer- tain number of children, the sons of meritorious indigent, unprovided, and unbeneficed clergymen. For as matters now stand, few indeed in a short period, will be found to enter into holy orders, when other professions requiring less preparations, offi^rmore inviting prospects : ayoung man, after obtaining aslen- der scholastic classical education, and having qualified himself to pass a surgical examination at the proper boards, obtains an appointment either in the army or the navy, where lie receives a comfortable pay, and is sure of promotion, if his professional talents merit distinction ; but the candidate for holy orders must pass through a tedious and laborious course of pveperatory studies in the university before he can presume to commence the profession he solicits. Ordination being obtained, the young divine is now left to shift for an employment, for which purpose ho- must depend on the active inquiries of some friends, or trust his hopes to the |)recarious advertisement of a news-paper, and may at length become sufficiently fortunate to be appointed a curate to some remote living, where the wealthy pluralist may not wish to reside, and here he may spend the remainder of his days in indigent obscurity; unless the death, or removal of the ton IRELAND. 43S rector to a more lucrative preferment, may introduce a new in- cumbent, who may please to perform his own duty, and then the unfortunate assistant is once more flung on the wide world, unprovided, and unprotected, and perhaps fettered with the ad- ditional incumbrance of a wife, and helpless family. These po- sitive grievances, to which the inferior clergy are exposed, and which they frequently experience, are submitted in an humble and confident expectation, that they may be redressed by a com- pentent tribunal, and that so meritorious and so enlightened a description of useful individuals will not be always suffered to linger in hopeless indigence ; as they may also become a warning to any unexperienced young man, whose situation may accord with the fore-mentioned circumstances, to foresee what discour- aging obstacles interpose to impede the consummation of his wishes, be he ever so eager to select, and so piously and con- scientiously disposed to embrace this sacred profession, haud ignara malt miseris succuryere disco. This town gives the title of Viscount to the family of Cole, and returns one member to the United Parliament. The road from Belturbet unites on the left, three roads issue from this town, one leading to Bellcoo, the centre road to Garrison, and the third skirting along the southern shore of the lake, sweeps towards Belleek, To Bellcoo hy EnnisJcillen. (Miles.) Enniskillen - - - - - — |79i Bellcoo - - - - - 9 I 884 Parishes in the Brony of Cloncmly. Killesher, Bohoe, Cleenisb, Gardenhill, Skea. On the road leading from Enniskillen to BelIcoo5 a cross road on the right leading to Moy, branches off from the four mile stone. At the eight mile stone stand the ruins of an old church to the left, pn the border of a small lake. Bellcoo^ — A neat small village, distant nine miles from Ennis- killen, is pleasantly situated on a considerable stream, flowing into Lough Macknean. Here is a celebrated well named Da- vugh Phadrie, reputed to be the best cold bath in the kingdom. A cross road on the right leads to Garrison. At the eighty- 3 K KEW traveller's GUlDi seven mile stone of the road running on the south side of Loiig]b Erne, from Enniskillen to Belleek the road from Derrygonnely unites to the left ; a range of lofty mountains run in a parallel di- rection with this road on the left, in the entire range of its course to Belleek. To BelleeJc Tow hy Wattle Bridge. tVattle Bridge (Miles ) 62{ Newtown Butler - 3 65f Donough - - - 2 671 Lisneskea - . . - 3 70| Maguires Bridge - - ^-z 73| Lisbellaw 76t 80| Enniskillen - - - 4 Church Hill - - 9 89| Belleek Town 9 98J Parishes in tJie Barony of Magherehboy. bevenish Island, Inismacsaint, Rossony, Church Hill, Monea Iluscar* Church Hill^ — Is a neat smart little village, distant eighty ^* jfcight miles and a half from Dublin Castle; here is a plain com-? fortable church adorned with a square steeple. At the ninety- seven mile stone, a road sweeps off on the left, leading to Garrison Village^ —Distant one hundred ^nd two miles from Dublin Castle; here are the ruins of an old barrack, where the county terminates in this direction. From the nor- thern extremity of Enniskillen, two roads issue on the right, one leads to Omagh, and the other winding on the left along the northern shore of Lough Erne, runs by Pettigoe to Belleek^ land thence to Ballyshannon. Parishes in the Bfxrony of Lurge. Magheraculmony. )iaUycassedy^ — Distant eighty-three miles from Dublin Casn fok iRELANDf 435 tie, is pleasantly situated on the northern shore of Lough Erne, Lisnarick^ — Distant eighty-eight miles and three quarters' from Dublin Castle, is a small hamlet agreeably situated on the northern shore of the kke ; within half a niile of this village stand the magnificent mansion and demesne of Castle Arch- dall, commanding an extensive view of tlie lower lake, speckled with numerous islands throughout the whole extent of its range from Enniiskillen to castle Caldwell, comprising the space of twenty-one miles. Cash^ — Is an inconsiderable hamlet, distant 91 miles from Dublin Castle, its proximity to the Lake constitutes its only re- commendation ; about half a mile beyond this village stand the ruins of an old castle close to the lake. Near the ninety-twg jnilo stone, a cross road on the right sweeps towards Lifford, To Belleek by EnnisJcillem Enniskillen Ballycassedy Lisnarick Cash Belleek (Miles,) 79i; 34 * 3 Q 2 831 881 901 97* Castle Caldwell^ — Distant nifiety-f(mr miles and n half from Dublin Castle, the residence of Sir James Caldwell, Bart, is delightfully situated on a promontory shooting into the lake tbickly wooded to the water's edge, over which a ridge of stu- penduous mountains raise tlieir dusky summits, wliose wild aspect forms a striking contrast with the sylvan scenery ex- jiaiidcd beneath their base : the promontory extending about three miles into the lake, exhibits a beautiful assemblage of wood and lawn, in one place presenting an imptuietrable shade, and then the verdant lawn appears interspersed with trees, until it finally terminates in a forest ; the adjacent islands pro- fusely scattered through the lake and covered with wood;, highly contribute to adorn and diversify the scenery. Belleek^ — Distant ninety-seven miles and a quarter fron^ Dublin Castle, is a tolerably well built town, situated at the bank of the great outlet, through which the waters of Lough Erne discharge themselves into the sea, over which a strong stone britl^e is erected, to communicate with the barony l^EW thavellee's guide Maglierebboy, situated on the south side of the lake ; below ihh town there is a cataract, w^hich obstructs the navigation between Lough Erne and the Atlantic ocean ; here the county termi- nates in this direction. On the road branching off on the right from Maguires bridge to Omagh, stand the smart little village of Tempo, distant seventy-six miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle. A cross road on the left, leads to Enniskil- len ; on the road sweeping off on the right, from Lisne3kea to Augher, stands the smart little village of Brooksboro, distant seventy-three miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle. Parish in the Barony of ClonJcelly. Magheraveely. The only public road in this barony is that which passes between Clones and Donough, already noticed, and another winding on the right from Wattle Bridge to Brooksboro, both of which places have been already described in their proper places. To BrooJcsboro hi) LisnesJcca^ (Miles,) Lisneskea .r » . , , — ^ 1 70i Brooksboro . . . . 3| j 73| Lough Erncj — Extends from the eastern to the western ex« h emity of the county, which it nearly divides into two equal por* tion its greatest breadth appears to be about fifteen miles : it con- sists of two branches denominated the upper and lower, connected by a narrow strait, where the water is contracted at the centre into so narrow a space as to assume the appearance of a majes- tic river winding beneath the hills, and sweeping round the vales iu various fantastic mazes. This course being pursued for about the distance of six miles, the waters then divide into two branches forming the Island on which Enniskillen stands. The upper lake near Belturbet, is perfectly studded with islands, many of which are so completely covered with forests, and all appearance of land so perfectly concealed, that the tree, appear as if absolutely springing from the surface of the water-, others exhibit more diversitied features, expanding beautiful polished lawns, swelling in graceful undulations, or sloping v» ilh von IREIANO* 437 gentle declivities, ornamented with scattered trees, whose dark foliage casts a solemn grandeur on the lively verdure of the surface; these islands afford a rich variety of delightful pros- pects ; in some parts they retire, leaving vast spaces of the water unoccupied, in other places they cluster into groups, forming various bays and straits obscured by the pendant forests of the circumjacent declivities. The island of Devenish, situated about a mile below Enniskillen, contains f.bout two hundred acres of the richest land in the county, on which stands a very remarkable round tower, composed of cut blocks of black stone apparently united without cement; near thia tower are the ruins of a celebrated monastery, founded by St. Lascrian, also called St- Molaise about the year 565, for regu- lar canons, under the invocation of the Virgin Mary, and was succeeded by St. Natales, son of Engusius, King of Connaught. In 1157, this abbey was nearly consumed by fire. In 1360, it was materially injured by a similar calamity ; the workmanship of this spacious and curious structure was exquisitely tasteful, and elegantly delicate; contiguous stands a vaulted building, called St. Molaise's house ; near the house is situated the saint's bed, shaped like a coffin, where he vised to pray : credulity su- perstitiously brieves that pains in the back may be miraculous- ly healed by lying in this bed. The rising grounds extending along the borders of the lake, are thickly interspersed with aUinoae .... 2 Drum 5 Castleblaney . . , 6 Giasslough • . . 15 Ballybay .... 16 ledunet . • . . 18 Smithsboro . . , 27 Rockcorry . . . 27 Clones ..... 28 JNewbliss .... 30 Feb. Emyvale .... 1 Drum 2 Castleblaney . . . 3 Ballint)de .... 6 Giasslough . . 19 Ballybay .... 20 Rockcorry . . . 24 Smithsboro . . . 24 Clones 25 Newbligs .... 27 March, Tedounet .... 1 Drum 2 CastlebJaney . . . 3 Ballinode .... 6 Emyvale .... 17 Giasslough . . . 19 Ballybay • . . . 20 Clonics .... 25 Newbliss . . . . 27 Smithsboro ... 29 Places where held. Time, Mafxh. L vLiU.llC;t .... O 1 Rockcorry . . • 31 XJcHllllULltJ .... Q o 1 Ivii m JL/l It 111 ..... \.> Castleblaney . . . 7 Emyvale .... 12 jDdiiyuciy .... 1 o It 1 Q on frn 1 fi jjiiiiyuti\ .... 1 '7 M^onaghan ... on Newbliss .... O L Sim it li c;hni*i^ 9R Zi o xi^i 1 y ... Clones ..... UctLi y ti dill .... 1 iJcllllllUUtJ . . . 1 Drum • • . . . Vyd^LlCTUiaUtV ... i4 -LiiiiiyvHie .... 1 A Ballybay .... 15 bcotstown . . . 17 Castleshane . . . 21 Giasslough . . . 21 Rockcorry. . . . 26 Smithsboro . 26 Carrickmacross , 27 Clones 27 Monaghan . . , 28 Newbliss .... 29 Knockboy 3 M June. 1 KEw traveller's qvwe Time* June. X^lULVo UUUvTc flclflm Time. Aug. Drum . . . . ^ 1 ^lasslough • . . 20 Castleblaney . . . 2 15allybay .... 21 £allinod.6 . . • • 5 Rockcorry . • * 25 Smithsboro . . . 7 Smithsboro . . . 25 Ballytrain • . • 1 1 Clones 26 Emyvale • • • 1 O io Newbliss .... CIO 28 Scotstown .... (jrlasslough 17 1 o 18 Sep. Ballybay .... 19 Castleblaney . . . 1 Casileshane 21 Emyvale . • . . leuunet .... 24 x5allmoae .... 4 luloues . • « . • 2* Drum ..... 7 pJewbliss . . . • 26 (jrlasslough . . . 17 Smithsboro . . 30 liallybay ... 18 Rockcorry 30 Newbliss .... 25 Carrickmacross . . 27 July. 1 edunet .... 28 Ximyvale « « « . 1 Rockcorry • . • 29 Ballinode .... Q. O "D 11 4 * x>aiiyirain .... 29 Drum . . . . . 6 Smithsboro . . . : 29 Castleblaney . . . 7 Clones 30 j5auyuay .... 7 Carrickmacross • Ucr. Monagnan . . . (jrlasslough 12 "r> 11 i- Ballybay .... 2 lo 15alnnode .... 2 TWillvbav 17 H -TT1 17 V£J 1 A Jl^IIJ Y VctiC .... Drum • . • • • O&stleshane Ol B Smithsboro 2o Monaghan 5 Kockcorry OQ zo Castleblaney . . . 5 l^lones . • . . . zy Glasslough 15 Isiewbliss . . • . 31 oallybay .... 16 Rockcorry 17 Aug. Rockcorry . . . 27 Ballytrain . . . 1 omithsboro 27 lL.myvale .... 2 /^i Clones . • . . 28 Drum 3 Newbliss .... 30 Castleblaney . Ballmode .... 7 Nov. Castleshane . . . 12 Ballytrain I Castleblaney . . . 16 2 Scbtstown . . . 16 Castleblaney . . - ]jilonaghan 5 18 Ballinode . . . . j 6 FOR IRELAND; m places where held. Time* Nov, Castleblaney - - 8 Emyvale - - - - 8 Carrickmacross - - 9 Scotstown - - - 71 Glasslouffh - - - . o 19 Ballvbav - - - -i 20 Monaghan - - - 21 Rockcorry - - - Stnithsboro - - - 24? Clones - - - - Newbliss - - - - 25 Gastieblaney « ^ Dec. I Places where held. Time. Dec. Knockboy - - - 2 Ballinode - - - 4} Drum - - - • 7 Carrickmacross - - 10 Emyvale - - - - 13 Castleshane - - - 15 Glasslouffh - - - 17 Ballvbav - - - 18 Ballitraiii - - - 23 ^ewbli^^ «r • • » 25 Rockorry - 29 Smithsboro - - 29 Clones SO - NEW traveller's GUISE COUNTY OF TYRONE. The County of Tyrone, — Is bounded on the west by Done- gal, on the north by Londonderry, on the east by Lough Neagh and Armagh, and on the south by Monaghan and Fermanagh ; its greatest extent from east to west, is forty-three Irish miles, and from north to south thirty-three Irish miles ; its surface comprises 467,700 acres, Irish plantation measure, including bogs, mountains, and w^aste ; it is distributed into four baronies^^ Clogher, Strabane,Omagh and Dungannon,which contain thirty- five parishes. Although a great portion of this county is rough and mountainous, still in many parts the soil is rich and fertile, and equally calculated for tillage or for pasture. The lakes within the limits of the county are inconsiderable, of whicli those about Baron's Court appear the most interesting and ex- tensive. The rivers which w^ater this district are large and con- veniently distributed : the Black-water winds its course along^he verge of this county, forming its boundary with a part of Mo- naghan, and the entire of Armagh. The principal river runs near ly through the centre of the county, and is known by the appellations of the Gammon, the Mourne, and the Foyle. In its progress, it receives the waters of the Carnow^n river, and another considerable mountain stream ; as also of the Mounter- louney and Drimna rivers on the north ; and on the south, it is supplied by the Fentona, by the Owenreagh, by the Longfield, by the Derg, and Fin rivers; besides numerous streamlets, which (iripple from the mountains. The other rivers are the Farran, rOR IRELANDi 453 aiul the Cookestovvn, which run towards Lough Neagh. Lime- stone quarries, the best resources for renovating the soil, abound in many places. Coallslandy — In the barony of Dungannon, is the only part of the county where coal mines are wrought. From the sulphure- ous and ferrugenous appearance of the water in many places, abundance of iron ore may be naturally inferred, but the want of fuel renders such treasures an unprofitable acquisition. The linen manufacture is in a most flourishing condition through the whole extent of this district. This county formerly gave the title of Earl to the family of O'Neale; but after the attainder of that obstinate and refractory house, then irreconcilably hos- tile to the English Government, the title was conferred on the family of Power ; whose heiress having been married into the family of Beresford, the title is now enjoyed by the most noble the Marquis of Waterford. About the beginning of the fifth century, a colony from Hy Falgia in Leinster, afterwards known by the name of the kingdom of OfFaly, emigrated to Tyrconnel, where they flourished for many centuries, a circumstance which gave rise to the distinction of the south and north Hy Faillia, so often mentioned by the Irish historians of the middle ages. To ClogJier by Aiiglier. Miles, Augher . . . . . — I 75; Clogher 1^ | 76l Parishes in Barony of ClogJier. Errigalkeeroge, Donaghheavy, Clogher Frougli. On the road passing from Emyvale to Augher, the county of Tyrone commences at the seventy-two mile stone. At the seven- three mile stone, the road from Clones unites on the left. Augher — Is a decayed village, distant seventy-five miles and a quarter from Dubhn Castle ; it was a borough previous to the Union. Here the road forks into two branches, that on the left leading to Clogher, an ancient episcopal see, supposed to have been founded by St. Kerteen in the year 490 ; notwith- standing its antiquity, it is now only a straggling village, distant JJEW TRAVELLER S GUIDE seventy-six miles a;nd three quarters from Dublin Castle. About the eleventh century the Bishopric of Louth was annexed to Clogher. In the year 1295, the cathedral was rebuilt. In the year 1396, the cathedral, the abbey, and the episcopal palace were consumed by fire. In the year 1610, the revenues of the abbey were annexed to the Bishopric. This city was the royal residence of the ancient Kings of Ergal. In pagan times, it was a Druidical sanctuary, where many arts of divination were prac- tised. The episcopal palace is a spacious edifice, delightfully situated in an extensive and well planted demesne. Here the roads from Clones and. Eiiniskillen unite on the left ; it was a borough previous to the Union. At the seventy-seven mile stone, the two branches re-unite, and a cross road the left leads to Feiitona Village^ — Distant ninety-three miles and three quar- ters from Dublin Castle. At the eighty mile stone, a cross road runs to the right. At the eighty-one mile stone, the road crosses the Garvaghy river. At the eighty-two mile stone, a cross road runs right and left. At the eighty-three friile stone, the Balligawly road joins on the right. At the eighty-four mile stone, the road fi'om Dungannon unites on the right. Parishes in the Barony of Omagh. I)ronH)re, Termonmaguirk, Longfield, Kikkeery, Drum ragh, Termonan^pnganj Chogherny, Omagh — Is the shire and assizes town of this county, distant ^iighty-six miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle. In the year 1745, it was consumed by fire, but since rebuilt. In the yerir 792, an abbey was founded here, and in the 15th cenjtury a franciscan monastry was erected here. At the lower extremity of the town, are the ruins of an old castle. On this side of the town, the roads from Fentona, Augher, Aughnacloy, and Cookestown conterminate ; two roads issue on the left, one lead- ing to the village of Dromore, and thence to TriUick, the other to Drum(]uin ; two roads, one on each bank of the river FoyK run from Omagh to Newtown Stewart. FOR IKELAND, Parishes in the Barony of Sfrahaner Ardstraw, Upper Badony, Lower Dadony, Camus, Cappagb, Donaglieady, Leckpatricfc, Urney. At the eighty-nine mile stone, the road crosses the river Poe^ a cross road on the right Ipads to Gortin village, and Keady church is situat§!d on the right. Newtown Stewart — Is a neat small town, distant ninety-four miles jgmd a half from Dublin Castle, and pleasantly situated on the river Foyle. Here two roads unite on the right, and two roads issue to the lieft leading to the different little villages, scattered in the remote parts of this mountainous district. The church an(l tlje ruins of an old castle are situated on the left, and a little farther on stands Baron Court, the magnificent mansion of the most noble the Marquis of Abercorn, A road on each bank of the river Foyle leads from this town to Strabane. Douglas Bridge — Is a small village, distant ninety-seven miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle. A little beyond the ninety- eight mile stone, §.tand the ruins of Camus church on the left. Strabajie — Distant one hundred and one miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a large populous town, delightfully situated on the river Foyle, and commanding a fine prospect of Liffbrd bridge erected across the river Foyle; it gives title of Viscount to the family of Hamilton, and was a borough previous to the Union. A cross road on the left leads to Claudy, and another on the right sweeps along the eastern hank of the Foyle to Derry. A little beyond the one hundred and three mile stone, a cross road ryns to the left. At the one hundred and four mile stone, stands Ballymegarry village, and a little farther on, ileekpatrick church on the left. On this side of the one hun- dred and six mile stone, the road crosses the Burden^t river. At the one hundred and eight mile stone, is Dunelong Ferry on the left. At the one hundred and nine mile stone, the county terminates in this direction. On the road passing from Emy- vale to Aughnacloy, Tyrone county commences at the seventy mile stone. A little farther on, a cross road on the right leads to Armagh. Aughnacloy^ — Is a pleasant village, distant seventy-one miles from Dublin Castlp, agreeably situated near the black water- ^he road from Dunganjion joins on thq right, and a cross road 456 NEW traveller's GUIDE on the left leads to Augher. Between Aughnacloy and Augher, stands the formerly important fort of Lismore, now in ruins. At the seventy-three mile stone, a cross road runs right and left. Bally gawly^ — Is a small neat village, distant seventy- four miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle ; here are two cross roads on the right, one leads to Castle Caufield, and the other to Six- mile-cross, the direct road on the left leads to Omagh ; at the seventy-fifth mile stone a cross road runs to the left ; on this side of the seventy-sixth mile stone, the road from Pomeroy village unites on the right ; at the eightieth mile stone a cross road sweeps to the left, and another on the right, leads to Lowry's-town village ; at the^ eighty-third mile stone, the road from Augher unites on the left, and proceeds to Omagh as already noticed. To BaUymegarry by Aughnacloy* Aughnacloy Ballygawly Omagh « - - Newtown Mount Stewart Douglass Bridge Strabane - - - BaUymegarry (Miles) 71 3^ 74J 86* 71 .94i 24 971 lOIi 2i 104 Parishes in the Barony of Du7igannon. Agbalow, Derrylan, Killesshell, Arboe, Desertcreagh, Killyman, Artrea, Donaghmore, Pomeroy, Ballyclog, Donaghhenry, TuUaghnisken, Clonfecle, Drumglass, Clonoe, Kil dress, To Cookestown by Dungannon. (Miles) Dungannon - - - 72f Dunaghy 5} 78 Cookestown - - - - -SJSlf FOR IRELAND. 457 CalcJon^ — Is a large village, situated at a small distance from the Black Water, and distant seventy-miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle ; it gives the title of Baron to the tamily of Alexander. Caledon Hill, the delightful residence of Lord Cale- don is situated about a mile south of the village. In this vicinity is Aghinnas, the elegant mansion and extensive demesne of Lord Belmore: two roads issue from this town, that on the left leads to Aughnacloy, and the other on the right runs to Dungannon. On the road leading from Charlemount to Dungannon, Jyrone County commences on the western bank of the Black Water river ; here the road forks into two branches, that on the right leads to Coal Island, and the other on the left to Dungannon ; at the sixty-ninth mile stone a cross road winds to the left; on this side of the seyepty-sccond mile stone a cross road leads to the left. To Aiighnacloy hy Caledon, (Miles ) Caledon — j 704 Aughnacloy - - - - 5i ) 76 Z)|^72^a7i^7072,— Distant seventy-two miles and a quarter fi'om Dublin Castle, is a large, populous and handson e town ; here is a barrack for a troop of horse and a royal school libe- rally endowed ; it was the chief residence of the O'Neales, Kings of Ulster; the strong castle erected here, frequently experienced the vicissitudes and disasters of turbulent contending chieftains, having alternately fallen into the possession of ad- verse and hostile factions. In the rebellion of 1641, this castle was the first siezed on by the insurgents, but it v/as afierwards demolished by the parliamentary forces. A monastery of Fran- ciscan friars was founded here by Con. O'Neil. The Ulster delegates of Irish volunteers assembled here on the 15th of February 1782, to deliberate on the most effectual means of prociiring a more equal representation of the people. The Union has accomplished that parliamentary reformation, so clamorously sought for by visionary theorists and constitution framers. It returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. Near this town stands Farmhill, the magnificent residence of Lord Northland. The roads from Caledon and Ballygawly unite on the left, and a cross road sweeps off on the right : two roads issue from this town, that on the right leads to Cooket- town, and the other other on the left to Pomeroy. 3 N 458 NEW traveller's GUIIWE To Six-mile Cross by Dungannon, (Miles) Dungannon « - - - - — 72j Pomeroy - - • . 81 80| Nine-mile House - -» - - 3i 84f Six -mile Cross - - - - Si S7k Donaghmore^ — Is a small village, distant seventy-five miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle; a cross road winds to the right, and another to the left ; the direct road leads to Pomeroy village, distant eighty miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle ; a cross road on the right leads to Cookestown, ajid an- other on the left to Nine Mile-house. To Coagh by Killyman. (Miles.) Killyman - - - - - — -iVli Coal Island - 3i 74t Stewart's town - - - - 2| 77 Coagh - - - - - 5 82 Garten^ — Is a small village, distant ninety-nine miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle ; a cross road sweeps to the left, the direct road leads to Newtown Stewart. The road passing from Dungannon to Cookestown, a little beyond the seventy-five mile stone, crosses the Tarran river, and a cross road runs right and left. At the seventy-eight mile stone, a cross road runs jight and left, and Dunaghy village is situated on the left. Tiillyhog, — Is a small village, distant seventy-nine miles from Dublin Castle ; a cross road runs right and left. Cookestown^ — Is a neat village, distant eighty-one miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, pleasantly situated on a river of the same name ; a cross road runs right and left ; two roads is- sue from this town, that on the left leads to Derry, and the other on the right to Moneymore. Near tliis village is situated Killyman, a most enchanting country residence ; at the eighty- third mile stone the county terminates in this direction. Coal Islandy — Distant seventy-four miles and a half from from DubUn Castle, is situated on a canal that leads from |-.ough Neagh towards Dungannon ; a cross road winds to tlip rOR IRELAND. 359 left ; at the seventy-sixth mile stone a cross road leads to the Stewartslo^n^ — Is a neat little village, distant seventy-seven miles from Dublin Castle; here the road from Portadown unites on the right; here the road forks. into two branches, that on the left leads to Grange village. At the seventy-eight mile stone, on the right hand section, is Stewart Hall, the magnificent re- sidence of Lord Castle Stewart. At the eighty mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the left leads to Money- more, and the other on the right to the village of Coagh, dis- tant eighty-two miles from Dublin Castle. Here the Cookestown river bounds the county in this direction. 560 NEW 'J*RAVELLER*S GUIDE A Table of Fairs held each month of the year^ in this County. Flaces ivhere held. Time. Jan. Places where held. Time. Feb. Castiederg, I5/ Tuesday Caledon, Monday before Donaghmore do. shrove Tuesday G or ten do. Moy . . 1st Friday Mar. Cookestown . • . 2 Bearagh # . . . 1 Frederickstown . , 4 Donaghmore, \st Tues. Mount Hamilton 4 Gorten . . . do. Aughnacloy . , . 6 Moy . . 1st Friday Oniaofh • , . . 12 Castlecaufield • • 2 Carnteel .... 12 Frederickstown . , 3 Kellen 13 Mount Hamilton , . 3 Fi > e-mile-town . . 18 Coagh • 2d Friday Dunaghy . . . • 18 Carnteel «... 11 Benburbe .... 27 11 Coagh . 2d Friday Five mile town . . 27 Caledon 2d Monday Cookesfield town . . 28 28 28 Feb. ' Strabane .... 1 Newtown Stewart 28 Clady bridge 1st Tues, Benburbe .... 31 Donaghmore . do. Gorten . . . do. Apr. Dunaghy .... 1 & 13 Omagh .... Donaghmore, 1st Teus* 5 Dromore .... 2 Dungannon . . . Ardstraw Bridge . . 4 Gorten . . . do. 10 Moy . . \st Friday Balinahetty . . . 12 Dunaghy . ^ . . 6 Cookestown, Saturday Caledon .... 12 before Candlemas Dungannon . . . 15 Castlecaufield . . . 15 Benburbe .... 15 Derg Bridge . . . 16 Coagh . 2d Friday Benburbe .... 24 Omagh . . ^ . 25 May Dunymana .... 27 Newtown Savillee i Moy . . "Ist Friday Stewarts Town . . 1 Coagh . . 2d do. Dromore .... I Carnteel, \st Monday Donaghmore, Ist Tues. after 12 Gorten . . . do. if, FOR IRELAND. 461 Places where held. Time. Time, May. June* IVtoy • • 1st Fviday Caledon .... 21 Ardstraw Bridge • 2 Fentona .... 22 Ballimagory 3 Nash . . . . • 24 Fentona . . . • 4 Dromore . • . • 24 Clogher 6 Omagh . . 24 Maghrairigan • 6 Benburbe .... SO Cookestown, \st ScituT-^ day before May 0. S, Julji XXilg**t;«. • • • • • 12 Vv'ClO LXV A XJCJliULli \J\Z • ■ . • Caledon, 2d Mon. 0. S. Caledon, 2d Mon. 0. S. Cftvntflpl- 1 IVTnvfJnii %Tune after 12 Pomeroy • • . • 1 Donaghmorcj 1st Tues* Gorten . . . do. Cookestown, Saturday ]Moy • . 1st Fviday hp for p thp 1 of An^ ^pwtown Stewart Maffhrairiffan s Donaghmore, 1st Tues. Frederickstown • . o C^nvtf^n Yin Five-mile- town Strabane • • • . Ballimagory . . 3 Clady 1 T^ount Hamilton X-f*. UiilUI KZ .... 1 1 Balligawlv .... 5 Ardstraw Bridge . . 2 Coagh • 2d Friday Derg Bridge ... 3 Castlecaufield do. iJ Drumquin • . . , 9 Benbridge .... Ardstraw Bridge . 14 Mov . - Fl^illCLH ^w^\r^ . . X Ov JL 1 tr IXJ,C*J Cookestown, 1 st TueS" Tjiinpin'no' 12 day 0. S. Coagh . 2d Friday Orator, Monday ajtn 14. Mid Summer Five-mile-town . . Sjxjnile-cross . . . 19 Dungannon . • . 16 462 NEW traveller's GUIDE Flaces where held. Time. A Aug. Omagh, 2a TJmr. U.S. Castlecauiielcl . 23 Benburbe . • . . 25 Carnteel .... 26 JL/UIlliy lliciilcl • • • Bearagh .... 29 Caledon .... 21 Maghrairigan, 26? T/iur. Balligawly . . Donaghmore, \st Tues, Gorten . . do. Moy . . 1st Friday Coagh . . 2d do. Castlecaufield . Cookestown . . Trilie .... Carnteel . . . Caledon, 2d Mon. O. S. Benburbe . . . Dromore . . Omagh .... Donaghmore, 1st Tues, Gorten . . do. Frederickstown . . Mount Hamilton Moy . . 1st Friday Coagh . 2d do, Trilie .... Ardstrawbridge » Aughnacloy . . Newtown Stewart Cookestown . . Dungannon, 2d Mon. Kilin .... Derg Bridge . . Carnteel • . . Keleter .... Benburbe • . • 7 8 10 10 10 17 20 24 20 29 Places where held. Fentona . . Caledon, 2d Mon. O. S. Maghrairigan, Sd Tliur Newtown Saville . . Stewartstown . . . Dromore .... Gorten . 1^^ Tuesda Donaghmore do. Moy . .15^ Friday Cookestown, 1st Satur bef ore November O. S*, Ballymagory Balligawley Omaijh Drumquin Pomeroy Augher . Grange . Strabane Trilie . Ardstraw Bridge Aughnacloy, 1^^ Thur day O. S. Omagh . 2d do. Coagh . 2d Friday Clady Bridge Kileter Five mile town Maghrairigan Dungannon Carnteel Benburbe . Dunmana . Caledon, 2d Mon. O. S. Bearaffh .... Oct. 29 Nov. 1 1 1 Castlecaufield . . . Donaghmore, \st Tues. Gorten . , do. 2 2 3 8 11 12 12 12 14 15 16 19 22 24* 25 26 26 27 2i) Dec. 1 FOR IRELAND. 461 Places where held. Dunaghy . . . Derg Bridge - - Ballenahetty - - Moy - - 1st Friday Newtown Stewart do. Coagh " " 2d do. KiUin . - . . . iStewartstown - - ■ Time. Places where held. Time. Dec. Dec. 3 Benburbe - - - - 31 3 3 Trilie, Saturday after Christmas Caledon, 2d Mofidaj/ 0. S. 18 Maghrairigan, 3d Thur, Cookestown, Saturdaij 20 , before Christmas 0. A', 464 NEW tb4ve;i,t,5r's guide COUNTY OF DONEGAL. The County of Donegal, otherwise Tyreconnel, is bounded on the west and north by the Atlantic Ocean; on the east by the Counties of Londonderry and Tyrone ; ai;id on the south by the Counties of Fermanagh and Leitrim. Its greatest extent from north to south, (on Doctor Mac Parian's authority,) is about seventy Irish miles ; and its greatest extent from east to west, about thirty-five Irish miles. Its surface containj^ 679,550 acres, Irish plantation measure, including hogs, moun- tain, and waste; it is distributed into five Baronies: — Tyrhugh, Bannogh and Boylagh, Raphoe, Kilmacrenan, Innishowen ; which are divided into forty-two Parishes. The greatest portion of this district consists of recladmable and irreclaimable moun- tains; the soil of the wild tracts is generally composed of mossy peat, moor peat, and deep black moor ; the baronies of Tyrhuge and Raphoe, have some good tillage and pasture lands. Donald Stewart, the indefatigable mineralogist, em- ployed by the Dublin Society, has distinctly specified where lead and iron ores are to be found in these wild and bleak mountains, with other valuable minerals, which have been hitherto un- profitable acquisitions. Its fresh-water lakes are Lough-Esk, Ix)ugh-Derg, and a ch:«;in of small pools in the Pettigo moun- tains. Foyle and Swilly sre salt-water bays, and therefore are not to be classed with lakes, though erroneously included in that description. The Erne waters the southern extremity of this County, for a very small distance, the other only considera- roii IRELAND, 465 bie rivers are the Fin and Foyle. Numerous gullies issue from the mountains, always fonnici.ible and rapid after heavy rains; it abounds with fine harbours, well adapted for suairner or \yinter fishing: tlie Unen manufactare is extensively established in this counly. It gives the title of Earl to the faaiily of Chicester. Parishes in the Barony of Tijrhugli. Templecairn, Drumholm, Donegal, Kilbarron. Ballijshannon^ — Distant one hundred and one miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a verj thriving town, conveniently situated on an outlet, vvhich discharges the waters of Lough- Erne into the Atlantic, over which a bridge consisting of 11^ arches is erected ; here is a fine cascade, deemed the greatest salmon leap in Ireland : it has a barrack for two companies of foot. A pier to protect the shipping in the harbour, and a canal communicating with Lough-Erne, would render this a town of consequence, opulence, and commerce. It was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. At a small distance, are the ruins of an old abbey ; a road on the left leads to Sligo : here the road from Manor Hamilton unites on t!ie left ; a road on the right, leads to Baliintra ; at tjie one hundred and four mile stone, stands a smalt lake to the right, and a little farther on, is situ- ated Lough-Derg, in which there is a small island about half a mile from the shore : in this island there is a cave, called St. Patrick's Purgatory, highly venerated by superstitious credulity for its imaginary sanctity; to this cave immense swarms of pilgrims resort every summer, from all parts of Ireland, Baliintra^ — Is a small village, distant one hundred and five miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin. Here the road from Belleek unites on the right; at the one hundred and six mile stone, Dromhome Church stands on the left, Donegal^ — Is a decayed towm, distant one hundred and eleven miles frorn the Castle of Dublin ; it is agreeably situated on the river Esk, at the mouth of Donegal- Bay. Here is a handsome old castle, the property of the Earl of Arran ; at a small dis- tance from the town, are the ruins of an abbey, founded by Odo Roe, for Franciscan friars, in the year l lTi. Tins town wa.s a borough previous to the Union, returning tvro members 3 o 466 NEW traveller's GUIDE to the Irish Parliament. Two roads issue from this town, that on the right, leads to Liffbrd, and the other on the left, to Killybegs. Parishes in the Barony of Bannogh and Boylagh. Glencolmkill, Iniskeel, Inver, Killaghtee, Kilcar, Killybegs, Killymard, Lettermacaward, Templecroan, Ardra. To Dunfanaghy^ by Ballyshannon. Ballyshannon, (Miles.) \0l\ Ballintra, 41 105% Donegal, 5i 111 Mount Charles, . . 3 114 Inver, 3 117 The Port, li 1181 Killybegs, : ; 5| 123* Ardra, 8 131? Naren, . . . 136^ Strand, Shallagan-Bridge, 138| 144 G i bbar row-river, 146 Dinglo, . . . 6 152 Guydore-river, 71 159| Gortahurk, 9 1691 Dunfanaghy. 61 176 ROADS. At the one hundred and thirteen mile stone, Killymard Church stands on the right. Mount Charles^ — Is a small village, distant one hundred and fourteen miles from the Castle of Dublin, pleasantly situated on the Inver-river, at the mouth of Inver-bay. A cross road runs to the right : at the one hundred and seventeen mile stone, stands Inver Church ; here are the ruins of an old abbey, bounded in the fifteenth century ; a cross road runs to the right; FOR IRELAND. at the one liimdred and twenty mile stone, stand Duncanely church and village, and the ruins of MacSwine's Castle lie on the left; at the one hundred and twenty- one milestone, are situated the Barney salt-works : at the one hundred and twenty- three mile stone, a cross road runs to the right. Killybegs^ — Distant one hundred and twenty-three miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is conveniently situ- ated at the mouth of MacSwine's bay : here is a spacious secure harbour, well sheltered by the adjacent mountains, and may be entered at any state of the tide, the water, at the lowest ebb, being always from five to eight fathom deep ; in some seasons prodigious quantities of herrings are caught about this bay. — Here are the ruins of an old friary, founded by MacSweeney Banig. It was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. A cross road runs to the right, and another to the left, winds along the coast to the village of Ardra^ — Distant one hundred and thirty-one miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, and eight from Killybegs : here is a neat church ; hence the road proceeds to the village of Naren^ — Distant one hundred and thirty- six miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin in this direction. Here stand Enniskeel Church on the left ; on the island of Enniskeel, are the ruins of a church, founded by St. Conald, killed by pirates in the year 590 ; there is also a well, annually visited by a vast concourse of pilgrims. Parishes in the Barony of Rophoe. Clonleigh, Leek, Stranorlane, Donaghmore, Raphoe, Taughboyne, Killea, Ray, All Saints. J^ilteevagh, To Dunfanaghi/y hy Lifford. LiflPord, , Ballindrait, Raphoe, Letterkenny, Kilmacrennan, Glen Inn, Dunfanao;hy, IMiles. 1021 n 1041 2* 107 6i 11 5 ll8f 51 124J 8i 132 468 KE\r traveller's guide Lifford^ — Distant one hundred and two miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is the shire and assizes town of this County, pleasantly situated on the western bank of the river Foyle. Here is a barrack for a troop of horse : it gives the title of Viscount to the family of Hcivet : it was a borough previous to the Union, returning tv/o members to the Irish Parliament. Three roads issue from this town ; one to the right, running along the V\^estern bank of the river Foyle to Derry; another in a westerly dirertion, leads to Raphoe; and the third, on the left, proceeds towards Castle-Tin Village^ — Distant one liundred and seven miles from the Castle of Dublin. Killijgordon^ — Is a small village, distant one hundred miles from riie Castle of Dublin. Stranorlane^ — Is a neat little village, distant one hundred and twelve miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin ; it is pleasantly situated on the rlvei Fin. Ballyhofey^ — Is a small village, distant one hundred and thirteen miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, agreeably situ- ated on the river Fin. Here the road forks into two branches; that on the left, leads to Donegal town, already noticed, and the other on the right, runs towards Fi7itcn^n Village^ — Distant one hundred and twenty-five miles and three quarters irom the Castle of Dublin. On the left of this village, is situated Lcugh Fin, from which the river Fin derives its source. Shaltagan Bridge^ — Is a small village, distant one hundred and thirty miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin : here the road forks into tv*o branches ; that on the left, leads to Naren, already noticed, and the other on the right, to Dii7iglo Village^ — Distant one liundred and thirty-eight miles and a half from the Castle ot Dublin, and agreeably situated on an arm of the sea: here the road forks into two branches ; that on the right, winds along the shore towards Gortahurk, and the other on the left, stretches towards the island of North Arran ; on which the neat little town of Rutland has been erected for the accommodation of vessels resorting to the har- bour in the herring fishing season* The streets of this little colony are wide, regular, and uniform ; and the houses so judiciously arranged, that all the necessary stores are situated in the rere. Here is a complete dock-yard, where vessels lio in perfect safety in three fathom water; about 400 fishing i^macks annually assemble here in quest of herrings: this town roil IRELAND. 469 is tlibtant one liundred and thirty-nific miles from the Castle of Dublin by Lackbeg-ferry. On tlie road passing- from IJfford to Letterkenny, stands Uct-pliGe^ Distant one hundred and seven miles from the Castle of Dublin. Thii5 delapidated village, is an ancient episcopal see, founded about the middle of the sixth century. In the eleventh century, the cathedral was erected on the ruins of the original church. In the cathedral stood a celebrated cross, to which miraculous powers were superstitiously imputed* In the year 1438, it was removed to Armagh by Bisho}) O'Galoher ; it is not recorded whether its translation deprived it of its imaginary sanctity, like as the shorne Sampson was divested of his supernatural valour. The episcopal castle or palace, was erected at the expence of government, in the reign of Charles the First. In the rebellion of 1641, it withstood a long and vigorous siege; it has been since modernised and beautified : a round tower stood here, and an extensive mo- nastery founded by St. Columb. Two cross roads sweep ou the right, one leads towards Derry, and the other to Manor Cunningham ; a cross road on the left, leads to Convoy village ; at the ofie hundred and ten mile stone, a cross road runs right ^nd left. To Carrigansj hy Liffbrd, (Miles.) LifFord, . . . . — I 1 02| St. Johnstown, • . . 6 I lOSi Carrigans, . ^ , . li j 110 ~ Parishes in tlic Bcu^ony of Kilmacrenmu Aughanunchin, Coneval, Mevagh, Aughishe, Gartan, Raym un terdony, Clandehorky, Killigarvan, TulJaghobigly/ Clondevadock, Kilmacrenan. Tuiiy. Ldterlceyiny^ — A small town, distant one hundred and thirteen miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the river Swilly : here the road from Derry unites on the left ; two roads issue from thif town, that on the left^. leads to 470 NEW traveller's GUIDE Rathmelton^ — Situated on the western verge of Lough-Swilly^ and distant one hundred and seventeen miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin ; and the other on the left, runs to Glen- Inn ; at the one hundred and sixteen mile stone, the road crosses the Garter-river, where Kilmacrenan Church stands to the right. Glen-Inn^ — Is a small village, distant one hundred and twenty- four miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin ; at the one hundred and twenty-seven mile stone, stands Ards-castle on the right; at the one Imndred and thirty mile stone, BaUimore church is situated on the left ; and a little farther on, are the ruins of an old castle to the right : at the one hundred and thirty-two mile stone, stand the ruins of an old church on the left. DiuifanagJnj^ — Is a poor straggling village, distant one hundred and tliirty-two miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin : here the road winds along the shore, on the left, to the village of Gortahurk^ — Already noticed, and distant one hundred and thirty^eight miles and a half from the Castle of Dubhn. At Horn-Head, situated north of Dunfanaghy, is a very singidar excavation, perforated either by decomposition, or the impulse of the waves through a rock of granite more than 20 yards; from this cave, a pei'pendicular iunnel ascends to the surface of the rock, called MacSwine's Gun, where the aperture, (accord- ing to Doctor M«icParlan's description,) is not much wider than a large kitchen chimney. At half tide, when the wind blows due north, this funnel is seen to spout columns of water, far higher than the eye can reach into the air, with terrific explo- sion, audible it is said, at the distance of from twenty to thirty miles. The road leading from LiiFord to Londonderry, a little beyond the one hundred and three mile stone, crosses the river Swilly ; the ruins of an old church lie to the right ; at the one hundred and six mile stone, a cross road runs to the left. St. Johnstowiy — Is a neat little village, distant one hundred and eight miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and pleasantly situated on the western bank of the river Foyle. It v/as a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. Carrigaiis, — Is a small village, distant one hundred and ten miles from the Castle of Dublin, pleasantly situated on the western bank of the river Foyle. On this side of the one hun- dred and eleven mile stone, this county terminates towards^ FOR IRELAND. 471 Londonderry. On the road passing from Londonderry to Letterkenny, Donegal County commences at the three mile stone from Derry town ; at the four mile stone, a cross road on the left, leads to Carrigans ; at the seven mile stone, a church and the ruins of an old castle lie to the right. Newlown Cunningham^ — Is a neat village, distant one hundred and twenty-two miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and seven and a half from Londonderry. The church stands on the right ; and a cross road runs to the left ; at the ten mile stone, the ruins of a church lie on the right. Manor Cunningham^ — Is a comfortable village, distant one hundred and twenty-six miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and thirteen and a quarter from Londonderry. The church, and a cross road lie on the left ; the direct road leads to Letterkenny, already noticed. To Dunglo^ hy Liffbrd. Lifford, Castlefin, Killygordon, Stronorlane Choghan, Fintown, Shallaghan-Bridge, Dunglo, (Miles.) 102| 107 3 110 • 21 1121 54 118| 7i 125f 41 1302 8 138i Parishes i?i the Barorvy of Liishoiven, Cloncagh, Dysertagny, Templemore, Clonmanny, Fahan, Bert, Culdaff; Upper Movil, Inch Island. Donagh, Lower Movil, On the road passing from Derry to the peninsula of Inis- howen, the County of Donegal commences at Culmore Fort, situated on the western bank of Lough-Foyle, and distant four miles from Derry. This fort, in possession of Kuig James' forces, defended the boom laid across the river, to compel a surrender pf the besieged through famine. Throuu'h this bleak 472 KEW traveller's guide and mountainous district, there are no towns or villages of any considerable magnitude, though tolerably well inhabited to the full extent of the infertility of its ill-cultivated soil. It abounds with grand natural beauties, pleasing to an eye delighting to survey nature in its rude and boldest features. This district is conspicuously distinguished for the illicit distillation of whiskey. rOR IRELAND. A Table of Fairs held in this County in every month of the year. Places where held. Red Castle Letterkeniiy . . Pettigo . . Castlefin, Mond, before Old Christmas Balintra . . Cloghanbeg Dunkanally n Castlefin, Mond. before Old Candlemas Balindreat Carndonagh , . Time, Jan. 1 2 17 Feb. I 1 6 16 21 Killigordan . . . Pettigo . . • . Mount Charles . . Rathmelton^ \st. Tues. before Patrick's Day Mar. 3 17 17 Balintra Stranorlane . . . 25 29 Apr. Ballishannon , . 4 St. Johnstown 4 Castlefin . • . . 19 Killybegs .... 19 20 Raphoe .... Pettigo • • . . Maghrcmore . . . Oldtown .... MufF . . . • . May. 1 1 o *J 4 4 3 P Places where held, Donegal, 2d. Tues. Old Stile Mount Charles Churchill . , Letterkenny Port . . Ardara Buncrana , , Fintovvn Convoy Cloghanbeg Balintra . , Ballibofey . . Carndonagh Donegal KilhVordon Red Castle . Maghrcmore , Pettigo Oldtown Ballishannon Mount Charles Ballindi'cat Dunfanaghy Ballynass . . Carrigart . . Raphoe Malin . . . Castlefin, WhitsunMon, Rashedaof j Time, May. 10 11 12 12 15 15 16 17 19 20 21 21 2D 51 Dunkanaly Fh3town Stranorlane June. 1 2 5 8 8 9 10 10 12 21 22 24 15 Jidy. 1 3 6 474 KEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE Flaces where held. Time* Flaces where held, . Time. Manor Cunninfyham ■ o July Dunfanaghy . 2 7 Castlefin, Mond. before Doneiiiial • ... 9 the loth JLetter Kenny , , 1 f\ lU Rathmelton . . . 7 Pettigo .... 25 Stranorlane . . , 10 Buncranna 26 St. Johnstons . . . 13 Balintra . . • . 31 Dunkanally . . . 16 Old town .... 31 Ballynass .... 20 - MufF i^onvoy . ... 25 o Ballindieat . I Donegal .... 28 I New town Cunningham 29 1 Carrigart .... 31 Johnston's Bridge 3 31 Dunfancighy . . . 5 Muff . \ ... 5 Nov. Castlean .... 8 Ardara 1 Rasheda^x . . . 8 Convoy .... 3 Redcastle .... 12 Fintown . ... 3 Stranorlane . . . 12 Raphoe .... 4 Letterkenny . . . 13 Port 5 Church hill . . . 15 Manor Cunningham . 6 Bam u Hen .... 21 Church hill . . . 7 Carndonagh . . . 21 Letterkenny . . . 8 T> 11 Ballynass .... Killibeffs .... 12 Cloixhanbefi: . . . 25 Pettiffo .... 12 Port 26 Red castle . . . 12 Kaphoe .... 27 Buncranna . . , 15 Killigordon . . . 31 Dunfanaghy . . . 17 B. Shannon 18 Sept. Mount Charles . 18 Pintown . • • • 3 Cloghanbeff . . . 19 Donegal .... 4 Balindreat .... 20 Buncranna . • • . 7 Carndonagh • . • 21 Rashedag .... 15 Castlefin .... 22 Pettigo .... 16 Ramullan .... 22 Ballishannon . . . 18 Johnston's Bridge 25 Mount Charles . . 22 Balintra .... 30 Oc^ Dec, Balintra . . e . 2 Killigordan . ♦ • I ^OR IRELAND^ 475 Places whore held, Balintra Ballynass . Stranorlane Rashedag . . MufF . . Rathmelton . Tuesday before Christmas Time. Dec. 1 1 9 11 11 places where held. Port . : Ardara Ballibofey .... Letterkenny, . Friday before Christmas Castlefin, . . Monday after ditto Time. Bee. 15 22 24. 4 76 EW traveller's guide COUNTY OF LONDONDERRY. The County of Londonderry, — Is bounded on the south by Tyrone ; on the west by Donegal ; on the north by the ocean ; and on the east by Lough-Neagh, the river Bann, and a part of the county of Antrim : its greatest extent from north to south, is about thirty-two Irish miles, and about twenty-se- ven miles from east to west; its superfices comprises 318,500 Irish plantation acres, including bogs, mountain, and waste. It is divided into four baronies; Teerkerin, Kenaught, Loughlin- sholin and Coleraine, which contain thirty-one parishes. The soil is generally fertile, and is partly composed of rich loams, red, yel- low, and lime-stone gravels, clay, marie and moor. Its surface is not much encumbered with mountains. Its chief rivers are the Foile, the Bann, which separates it from the county of An- trim, the Faughan, the Glen, the Roe, the Bigoney, the May- ©la, the Clady, the Agivey, the Macosquin, and the Given-beg, with other numerous streams of lesser magnitude, and too unim - portant to be detailed. Parishes in the Barony of Teerkerin* Cumber, Taughanvale. FOR IRELAUCI). +77 On the road leading from Strabane to Derry, Londonderry County commences at the one hundred and ninth mile stone. Ne'dobuildingSy — Is a small neat village, distant one hundred and ten miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin ; at the one hundred and thirteenth mile stone, a cross road runs to the right. Derry or Londonderry^ — Is distant one hundred and fifteen miles from the Castle of Dublin ; it consists of four main streets issuing from the exchange, and terminating at a gate denomi- nated from the street ; the smaller streets and lanes observe a similar arrangement. The streets are well paved and lighted. The cathedral is a Gothic structure, erected in the year 16S3. The original tower was lately ornamented with a beautiful ?pire. The town hall and market-house were erected in the year 1692, over which are the courts of justice, occasionally used as a ball-room. The new goal, the episcopal palace, and the linen hall, are spacious, and well adapted for their respec-^ live destinations. The walls, ''although built in the year 1614, are in very fine repair, and flanked with bastions. The plat- form on the top of the rampart is spacious, and covered with a parapet ; the quay, and a great portion of the city, are situated outside the walls. The harbour is deep, wide, and tolerably secure, as the sand banks at the mouth of Lough Foyle do not obstruct the navigation, there being at all times of the tide four- teen fathom of water in the channel. A very extensive commercial intercourse exists between this town, the West Indies, and Ame- rica. This city and its liberties, constitute a distinct county, enjoying all the municipal privileges attached to such a distinc- tion. Its civil government is vested in a mayor, aldermen, re- corder and sheriffs. On the attainder of O'Neale, the county of L)erry was granted by James the Fir&t to the citizens of Lon- don, on stipulation of colonizing the district with English set- tlers, by whom the town was new modelled and fortified. It was constituted an episcopal see in the year 1 158. There were some monastic institutions founded here at a very early period. In the year 1688, it sustained a vigorous siege against James the Second's numerous forces; the defence was most ably con- ducted by the Reverend Mr. Walker^ who wrote a journal of the miseries endured during the investment, a rare but preci- ous record. In the year 1790, a very fine wooden bridge was 47S NEW traveller's guide erected over the river Foyle, by Mr. Cox, an American. This city gives the title of Earl to the noble family of Stewart, and returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. On the wes* tern bank of the river Foyle, Londonderry County commences at the one hundred and eleventh mile stone; at the one hundred and twelfth mile stone, a cross road runs to the left; from the western extremity of Londonderry City, two roads issue to the left, one leading to Letterkenny, and the other to Culmore Fort, where the county terminates in that direction. To Londonderry by New Bidldings. (•Miles.) New Buildings * *• — I 11 Of Londonderry - - * 4l j 115 Parishes in the Liberties of Derry^ Clondermot. Derry, On the road passing from Cookestown to Dungiven, Lon^ donderry County commences on the northern bank of the Bi^ ^roney river. At the eighty-sixth mile stone, three small lakes " fie on the right, and two on the left ; on this side of the eighty^ eighth mile stone, stands Blackwater Bridge ; at the ninetieth mile stone, a cross road runs right and left, and a little farther on, the road crosses the Mayola river ; at the ninety-first mile stone, stands Inn Village, and a cross road leads to the right ; at the ninety-second mile stone, the road crosses the Douglass liver, arid a cross road winds to the right; at the ninety-se- venth mile stone, the road crosses the Rowe-river, and a cross road sweeps to the right ; at the ninety-ninth mile stone, a church stands on the right, a cross road runs to the right, and the ruins of an old church lie on the left. To Derry by Dungiven, Dungiven Clady Cross Ferry -bank Derry (Miks.) 99 H 1071 4 llli 114^ Ok iir> rOR IRELAND* Parishes in the Barons/ of KenaughL Aughanloo, Bovevagh, Tarn I aghtfinlagafi ^ Balteagh, Drumochose, Dungiven. Banagher, Tamlaghtara, Dungiven^ — Is a straggling village, distant ninety-nine mile?! fi'om the Castle of Dublin, pleasantly situated iu a valley at tlio confluence of the rivers Roe, Owenreagh and Givenbeg ; it sup- plies the large neighbouring mountainous district vvith such retail articles as people of that description usually require. A friary was founded here by O'Cahane for Augustine monks. The church is a plain stone structure; three roads issue from this town on the right, onei^unning towards Coleraine, two run to Newtown Limevady on both banks of the Roe, and the fourth on the left, leads to Londonderry : at the one hundred and first milestone, Banagher Church stands on the left; at the one hundred and fourth mile stone, stands the small village of Teeny ; at the one hundred and fifth mile stone, lie the ruins of Straid Church on the left. Clady^ — Is a small village, distant one hundred and seven miles and three qtiarters from the Castle of Dublin; it is plea- santly situated on the river Faughan ; a cross road leads to the right ; at the one hundred and ninth mile stone, a cross road sweeps to the left; and a little farther on, stand the ruins of O'Cane's Castle on the left; at the one hundred and tenth mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Muff Cross, a small village, distant one hundred and eleven miles and three quar- ters from the Castle of Dublin, is situated on the northern bank of the river Faughan ; at the one hundred and thirteenth mile stone, the road crosses the Faughan-river ; at the one hundred and fourteenth mile stone, a church stands on the right ; at the one hundred and fifteenth mile stone, commences the wooden bridge erected over the river Foyle, 1068 feet in length, and forty feet in breadth : here the road from Strabane unites on the left ; a cross road on the right winds along the eastern shore of Lough Foyle towards Muff ; at the third mile stone from Londonderrry, the road crosses the river Faughan ; a small lake, and the ruins of an old church stand on the left* i^Ew traveller's guide To NeUoto'wn Limevavddy by Dungiven. (Miles.) Dungiven , . . — | 99 Newtovtn Limevaddy . . 7i | 106:^ Muff^ — Is a small village distant one hundred and twenty miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and five miles and a half from Londonderry; a cross road runs to the right; at the ninth mile stone from Londonderry, the ruins of an old church lie on the right. Ballykelly^ — Is a small village, situated on a streamlet of the same name, and distant one hundred and twenty-five miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, and ten miles and a half from Londonderry. A cross road runs to the right, and the direct road leads to Newtown Limevaddy ; at the one hundred and second mile stone of the road passing from Dungiven to Lime- vaddy, along the eastern bank of the river Roe, stands Boveagh Church on the left. To Ballykelly by Deny, (Miles,) Derrv • • « — 1 115 Muff . . . . 5f I 120i- Ballykelly . . , S | 125t 'Neisoton Limevaddy^ — Is a neat town, consisting of one main spacious street, pleasantly situated on the bank of the river Roe, and distant one hundred and six miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin : here are a church, a meeting-house, and a market-house. It was a borough previous to the Union ; a cross road runs right and left. From this town a road winds along the eastern shore of Lough Foyle, towards Magillon Point, remarkable for a fine rabbet warren, producing to the proprietor a revenue of £. 2000 per annum. See Samjyson's Statistical Survey of this County. On the road passing from Cookestown to Moneymore, Londonderry county commences at the eighty-third mile stone. FOR IRELAND. Parishes in the Baroni^ of Loughlinsholen, Balliiulerry, ChapeUwoods, Maghera, Disertlyn, Ballyscullen, Terinoiiaiiy, Lissan, Desart Martin Dawson's Bridge, Magherafelt, Kilcronaghan, Ennisrush. Tamlaght, Killilca^ Tamlaghtocrely, Kilrea, Moneymore^ — A considerable vllliige, distant eighty-three miles and three quarters from the Ca cjnd a quarter from Dublin Castle, is the metropolitan seeof aji Ireland, and the shire and assizes town of this county ; it is deh'ghtfully situated on the aclivity of a lofty eminence, round whose base the river Callen winds in its progress towards the Black-water. The public . buildings are modern, and elegant structures ; the archiopiscopal palace, the college, or rather the royal school, the library, and the observatory, were all erected at the private expence of the munificent primate, Robinson, Baron Rockeby ; under whose fostering care and liberal indul- gence, Armagh assumed an elegant appearance in the regularity of its streets, and uniformity of its dwellings ; and is now justlj^ esteemed the neatest inland town in Ireland. Here are a bar- rack, a charter school, an infirmary, and a goal built in a corres- ponding stile of simple architecture. Tlie civil government is vested in a sovereign, and freemen. Tlva venerable cathedral, situated on the summit of the hill, forms a conspicuous object, visible at a considerable distance. The see was founded by St. Patrick, about the year 44.5. Both the town and the cathedral were frequently plundered by the piratical Danes, the inhabi- tants massacred, and the records destroyed. The chathedral re- presents the form of a cross, and a square tower of a well pro- portioned elevation rises from the points of intersection. In the year 1013, the bodies of Brian Boromh, and his son Michard, togetlier with the heads of Conang his nephew, and Mothlan, prince of Decies, who fell in the battle of Clontarf, were remov- ed here from the abbey of Swords. In the j^ear 1142, it was constituted an archbishopric, w^hich dignity it still retains. In the year 1262 it was rebuilt, in nearly its present form ; several monastic institutions were founded here at different periods, of which, the Augustin monastery dedicated to St. Peter, and St. Paul, continued for many ages, the most celebrated ecclesiastical establishmei;it in Christendom. This town sends one member to the Imperial Parliament. The road from Keadv unites on the 490 K£W traveller's GUIDE left ; three cross roads sweep off on the right, and one on the left leads to Tynan. A road issues from the northern extremi- ty of the town, leading to Charlemount. At the sixty-three mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Lough Gall. At the sixty-five mile stone, a cross road sweeps to the right. At the sixty-six mile stone, a cross road runs to the right, and a little farther on, another on the left leads to Tynan. To Armagh hy Keady. (Miles,) Keady . . . , , . — I 58^ Armagh . . , , . 3^ | 621 Blade-Water Toum^ — Is a small village distant sixty-six miles and a half from Dublin Castl^, pleasantly situated on the eas- tern bank of the Black-water. A bridge on the left crosses the Black -water. At the sixty-seven mile stone, a small lake stands on the right. Charlemount^ — Is a small town, distant sixty-eight miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, pleasantly situated on the eastern bank of the Black-water, over which the road crosses by a stone bridge, into the county of Tyrone. Here is a fort in very good repair, and a barrack for three companies of foot, over which a military governor presides. The civil government is vested in a portrieve. It gives the title of Earl to the noble family of Caufield. It was a borough previous to the Union. A cross road runs to the right. Parishes in the Barony of Orior, Forkhill, Killeavy, Jonesborough, Loughgilly, Drumbanagher, Mullavilly, Tanderagee, Camlaght, On the road passing from Dundalk to Forkhill, Armagh County commences at the forty-four mile stone. Forkhill^ — Is a pleasant village, distant forty-five miles and a half from Dublin Castle, situated on a branch of the Dundalk river. Here is a barrack always garrisoned. A cross road runs right and left. At the forty-six mile stone, a cross road runs to the right, and a church stands on the left. At the fifty-one |nile slonc^ a cross road runs right and left, A little beyond FOR IRELAND, 491 the fifty-three mile stone, a cross road runs right and left. At the fifty-four mile stone, a cross road leads to the right. At the fifty-five mile stone, stands Loughshaws on the left. To Charlemoimt by ForlchilL Forkhill Dromolly Ma whan Market Hill Hamilton's Bawn Rich Hill Charlemount (Miles.) 51 5i II 1|- Gi 45| 58 621 68| Mawhan^ — Is a small village, distant fifty-six miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, situated on the Keadybeg river ; a cross road on the right sweeps to Newry. Market Hill^ — Is a thriving town pleasantly situated on an eminence, distant fifty-eight miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle ; it is the principal stage between Armagh, and Newry. Here is a neat session liouse. Castle Gosfordy — Lord Gosford's family mansion, stands con- tiguous to the town, encircled by an extensive and well fringed demesne. About a mile from the town is Draper's Hill, rescued from oblivion by the writings of Dean Swift. A cross road runs right and left. On this side of the fifty-nine mile stone,^ a cross road winds to the right. And a little beyond the fifty nine mile stone, MuUybrack church stands on the right. Hamilton's Bawn^ — Distant sixty miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a large well built village ; here is a good barrack. A cross road on the left leads to Armagh, and another on tlie right to Clare village, distant sixty-four miles and three quarter from Dublin Castle. To Charlemount by Rich HilL Miles. Rich Hill ^ ^ . . — cm Lough Gall 3f 66 Charlemount - -> - - 31 691 492 NKVr TRAV£LLi:il*S GUIDE Parishes' in the Barornj of O'Nealani, Shankill, MointagliSj Tartaraghan, Segoe, Drumcree^ Kilmore, Loughgall, Jlich HilU' — Is a small village, distant sixty^two miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle ; a cross road on the left leads to Armaglij and another on the right to Portadown, At the sixty- three mile stone, stands Castle Dillon, the beautiful residence of Sir Capel Molyneux, baronet ; the demesne is extensive and ornamented with forest trees; there is a handsome sheet of water overflowing an extensive marsh, skirting the base of a hill co* vered with a very thriving plantation. Loiig/i Gali\ — Is a small village distant sixty-six miles from Dublin Castle; here is a neat plain church. The road from Armagh unites on the left, and a cross road on the right leads to Portadown. On this side of the sixty-eight mile stone, the road crosses the river Calien, and thence approaches Charle** mount already noticed. Joncshoroughy — Distant forty-five miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, is situated on a river of the same name, which forms the boundary of the county in this direction ; to the left of this village, at an inconsiderable distance, is situated the lofty Slieve Guillian, At the forty-six mile stone, the road forks into two branches^ that on the right leads to Narrow Wa- ter, and the other on the left to Newry. At the forty-nine mile stone, a cross road sweeps to the left. On the western bank of Newry bridge, the county terminates, where the roads issuing from Castleblaney and Armagh, with all the intervening ramifi- cations conterminate : a road runs from Newry on the western bank of the canal, and nearly in a parallel direction to Lurgan, situated in the northern extremity of the county. Near the fifty-two mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right leads to Miltown, and the other on the left to Portno/ris Village ^ — Distant fifty- three miles from Dublin Castle. Act07i^ — Is a small village, distant fifty-eight miles from Dub- lin Castle ; a cross road on the left leads to Clare village, and another on the right runs to Pointspass, the scene of many sanguinary battles, during the internal dissensions of feudal chieftains, and the cival wars of this distracted island.^ r.OR IR ELANDS ^96 To Lurgan by Tanderaga. Miles. Tanderagee - - - — 61 1 Portadown - - 4^ 65| Lurgan - - - - 5 | 701 Tanderagee^ — Is a very considerable village, distant sixty-one miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle ; the linen manufacture Ls vigorously carried on here, and the proximity of the Newry Canal, materially contributes to its conveniences; the road from Clare village unites on the left. Portadown^ — Is a considerable town, distant sixty-five miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, agreeably situated on the western bank of the upper Bann. The road from Rich Hill unites on the left. To Lurgan hy Banbridge. (Milel)' Banbridge in the county of Down — [ 60| Lurgan - - - 7 | 67^ Lurgan^~J)hi2int sixty-seven miles and a half from Dublin Cas- tle, is a large town principally composed of a long wide street, kept remarkably clean and neat. The linen manufacture is extensively carried on here. The church is spacious, and ornamented with a lofty spire. Contiguous to the town is the delightful residence of the Right Honourable William Browlow, proprietor of the town- A road winds on the left, along the southern shore of Lough Neagh to Banfoot Ferry. All the roads frotn Down conterminate on the right. This line of country is extremely well fortified by nature, and was selected by O'Neal, as a most formidable position in his obstinate rebellion against the English Government. The demarcations of the entrenchments are still called Tyrone's ditches. It is only necessary to remark, that the linen manufacture universally flourishes in every corner of this district, and that every peasant is a weaver, and every fe- male a spinner. The fruits of this industry are a comfortable competency, and civilized habits, rarely known in many other counties. Lough Neagh is an immense sheet of w ater, which may be termed a fresh w^ater sea; its superficial contents taken at ordinary high w^ater mark, is computed to contain 60,361' 494. NEW traveller's GUIDE acres Irish plantation measure. Its length is stated by Mr Lindrick, to be fifteen Irish miles, by seven in breadth. Its shores, water five counties, viz. Armagh, Tyrone, London- derry, Antrim, and Down ; where the shores are flat, they are inundated by the overflowing of the lake, to a very considerable extent. This extraordinary elevation of water, is caused by the lake's being continually suppHed by the accumulated streams of six considerable rivers, and four of inferior magnitude, besides numerous streamlets, which contribute proportion ably to their limited extent, and there being only one contracted outlet to discharge the superabundant mass. This lake abounds with all kinds of fish common to fresh water, besides a particular species, called a Dolachan. is peculiar to this lake. There are only two small islands to diversify the uniformity of its surface. Pebbles capable of receivino; the finest polish are collected on these shores. Healing and petrifying qualities are attributed to its waters, or its soil, or its exhalations, or some other occult causes, and consequently very marvelous reports are industri>- ously circulated in attestation and confirmation of alledged et fects actually produced. Let naturalists demonstrate, if they can, the causes which generate the absolute transmutation of fossils or of metals. Sed adhuc^ sub judice lis est^ and like a chancery suit, much time must elapse before the controvercy ean be decisively concluded. rOR IRELAND. 495 A Table of Fairs held in this County in every month of the year. Places where held, Keady - 2d Friday Pointspass 1st Saturday Balnaglera- - - - Market-hill Sd Friday Surgowna - - - Maghery - - - Killilea - Last Friday N. T. Hamilton Last Saturday Time. Jan, 12 31 Keady - 2d Friday Pointspass 1.9^ Saturday Belleek . - - ' Middletown - - Market Hill 3d Friday Portnorris - - - Rich Hill Shrove Tens day Killilea - Last Friday N. T. Hamilton Last Saturday Cross Wednesday after Candlemass Keady - 2d Friday Pointspass \st Satur. Market Hill Sd Friday Cross Wednesday before Patrick's Day Bally bought - - Armagh - - - Killilea - Last Friday N. T. Hamilton Last Saturday Feb. 3 5 12 March. 23 28 Places where held. Keady - 2d Friday Pointspass 1st Satur. Market Hill 3d Friday Tuskins Pass - - - CulloviUe ... - Maghery - - - - Killilea - Last Friday Cross Last Wednesday Time. ApriL 19 26 & 27 30 Fork Hill - - - Keady - 2d Friday Tanderagee IstWednes Market Hill Sd Friday Partadown Whit Mon- day Pointspass \st Satur. Belleek - - - Middleton - - Acton - - - - Charlemount - - Clare - - - Portnorris - - Surgowna - - - Armagh - - - Culloville - - - . Lou^h Gall Ascension Thursday Johnston's Bridge Hamilton;s Bawn Cross - - - - - Killilea Last Friday N. T. Hamilton Last Saturday May. i 4 12 12 14 14 20 20 25 24 ^0 i ^^EW TRAVELLER S GUiDJS Places whei'e held, 1 Keady • 2d Fyidoy Market Hill Sd Friday Portadown Whit, Mon- day Pointspass 1st Sa^ turday Jonesborough . Balnaglera . . Culloville . . Bally bought Maghery • • Killilea last Friday N. T. Hamilton Lo.st Saturday Cross Wednesday before Mid Summer Time. June. Lough Gall . . Portadovm 1st Monday Keady . 2d Friday Pointspass i^^ Satm\ Tanderagee , . . Armagh . • . • Market Hill U Friday Portnorris . • . • Rich Hill .... Killilea - Last Friday N. T. Hamilton La$t Saturday ForkhiU . . . Portadown \st Monday Keady . 2d Friday Pointspass \st Satur Beileek Cross Lurgan 4 8 19 22 24 Jidy 1 5 10 16 26 AuP Places where held. Time* 4ug. Middletown . . . 8 Market Hill ^d Friday Armagh . • . . 12 JJCtlXiCt^ id CI/ . • . • 1 2 Jonesborough . . . H Killilea Last Friday N. T. Hamilton Last Saturday Sep. Portadown . \st Mon, Keady . 2d Friday Pointspass \st Satur. Cross Lough Gall . . . Market Hill 3d Friday Middletown . . . 11 Fork^hiU .... 29 day after the 20th Killilea Last Friday N. T. Hamilton Last Saturday Oci. Portadown 15/ Mon, Keady . 2 Friday Pointspass \st Satur, Armagh Teus, bef, lOth Balnaglera .... 2 10 Market Hill 3d Friday Rich-hill .... 15 Jonesborough . . • 21 Culloville .... 2S Maghery . . ^ - . 31 Killilea , Last Friday Cross Wednesday after Michelmas fOn IRELAND. •497 Places where held, Keady . 2d Friday Pointspass \st Safur. Middleton .... Belleek Tanderagee . . . Balnagera .... Tuskins Pass . . Market Hill 3d Friday Charlemont . . Portadown . <, . Armagh . . . Ballibought ] st Teusday after 22d Lurgan Hamilton's Bawn Middletown . . . Killilea . Last Friday Time. Nov. 3 3 5 8 8 12 13 20 22 26 28 Places where held. N. T. Hamilton Last Saturday Cross Wednesday after Halloii^tide Portadown 1st Monday Keady . 2d Friday Pointspass \st Satur. Jonesborough . . . Fork-hill .... Balnaglera .... Market Hill 3d Friday Cross Killilea . Last Friday N. T. Hamilton Last Saturday Sew travjeller's guii>s COUNTY OF r)OWl^. The County of Down,— Is bounded on the east by St. George's Channel, on the south by Louth, on the west by Armagh, and on the north by Antrim, Its greatest extent from north to south, is about forty Irish miles, and from east to west, about thirty-one Irish miles. Its superfices compris- es 348,500 acres, Irish plantation measure, including bogs^ mountain and waste. It contains eight baronies, and the Lord- ship of Newry, Upper Iveagh, Lower Iveagh, Castlereagh, Ardes, Kinalarty Leceale, Dufferin, and Mourne, which are dis- tributed into thirty-eight parishes. Although the soil must vary proportionably to the inequality of the surface, through every gradation of variety, still the most predominant is loam of a good quality, intermixed with a considerable quantity of stones of various sizes. The moory soil is confined to the mountainous tracts which chiefly lie in the southern and detached barony of Mourne. Lead and copper ores have been found in many places, but neither iron nor coal have been hitherto discovered, although ochreous earths abound in various districts. There are numerous fine free-stone and slate quarries ; lime stone is very general in the vicinity of Moira, granite, schist, and slate, are the only kinds of stone in the barony of Mourne, and the Lordship of Newry, The mineral waters are sulphureous and chalybeate, differing in the strength of impregnation. The principal rivers are the Ban, the Lagan, the Newry, and Bal- FOR IRELAND. 499 lynahinch, besides numerous streams, rills, and gullies issuing in all directions from the hills and mountains. A great variety of small lakes is sprinkled through the county, which materi- ally contribute to beautify the diversified scenery. It is suppos- ed, that this country was reduced into a shire in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; yet it appears, that John de Mandeville was constituted sheriff of Down and Newtown, by patent in the year 1325. The linen manufacture is most extensively establi* shed through every part of this wealthy county. Parish in the Lordship of Ncjorij. JJew ry. Newri/j — Distant fifty miles and a half from the Cas- tle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the Nev/ry w^ater, over \vhich two stone bridges are erected. It is the most conside- rable trading town in this county. In 1175, Maurice Maq Lauglin, King of Ireland, founded an abbey here, to which great privileges and endowments were granted, and afterwards confirmed by I^ugh de Lacy, EarJ of Ulster in 1237. The abbot exerted episcopal jurisdiction over the lordships of New - ry and Mourne, which exemption is now enjoyed by the lay proprietor, who grants marriage licencies, probats, S:c. under the original monkish seal. No writs can be executed by the sheriff within the limits of his jurisdiction, without his concur- rence. In 1543, the abbey was converted into a collegiate church for secular priests, by Henry the Eighth, but it was totally dissolved by Edward the Sixth, and the abbey with all its appurtenances, was granted to Sir Nicholas Bagnal, Mar- shall of Ireland, who converted the abbey into a private resi- dence, built some strong castles, repaired the town, and thus laid the foundation of its subsequent prosperity. The church situated on an eminence at the extremity of the town, was burned in the rebellion of 1641, but after the Restoration, it was partially repaired. In 1689, the Duke of Berwick, to se- cure his retreat to Dundalk from the English forces, command- ed by Duke Schomberg, burned the town. The electors are de- nominated pot-wallopers, and return one member to the Im- perial Parliament. At a place called Brown Bridge, about one mile from the town, is a Danish rath, delightfully situated on the brink of a riven The roads from Castleblaney and Armagh imite on the left, and the roads leading to Ross Trevor and Pownpatrick, issue on the right. A- canal is cut from Nevrry 500 NEW TKAVELLER'& GUIDE to Lough Neagh ; at the :^fty-third mile stone, the road crosses the Ne wry Water; on this side of fifty-fifth mile stone, stands Donaghmore Church, and a cross road runs to Rathfryland on the right. Parishes in the Barony qf Upper Iveagh. Kilcoe, Kileegan, Kilcoo, Maghera, Anaghclone, Clonallan, Dmmgolandj^ Kilbroney, Aghaderrik, Donaghmore, Drumballyroney, Drumgatb, ClondufF. Lorighbrickland^—DhtaYit fifty-eight miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, consists of one broad street, at the end of which, stands the church supposed to have been built by Dr. Taylor, when consecrated Bishop of Dromore after the Res- toration. The Ulster annals falledge, that the piratical Danes were defeated by M'Lonich near this town. In 1690, King William the Third, of glorious and immortal memory, encamp- ed on the skirts of this town in the direction of Scarvah, and Points passes ; two roads unite on the left ; a lajce and a cross road lie to the right ; the road issuing from the lower extremity of the town, forks into two branches, that qn the right leading to Baubridge, and the other on the left to Guilford ; at the sixti - €th mile stone, a cross road runs right and left; at the sixty-first mile stone, the road from Scarvah unites on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Loxver Iveagh, Annahilt, Doonahlon^y, Dromore, Hillsborough, Magheraghlin, Dromaragh, Garvaghy, . Magherally, Seapatrick, TuUylish, Moira. To Moira hy Ncwry. Kewry Loughbrickland Guilford Warringstown Maheraghlin M^ira (Miles.) 50# 7i 4 62{ 4^ 66J 1 67|- 1^ 69i rOR IRELANJ). 501 Guilford^ — Distant sixty-two miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the Upper Ban, over which a bridge, consisting of twenty-two arches is erected ; the linen trade flourishes most extensively here ; there is a strong- chalybeate spa near this town. It gives the title of Baron to the family of Meath ; two roads issue from this town, that on the left leads to to Portadown, and the other on the right to War- ringstown ; at the sixty-fourth mile stone, the road from Tan- deragee unites on the left ; at the sixty-fifth mile stone, a cross road runs to the right. Warringstowfif — Distant sixty-six miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin, is a small neat town, were the linen manufacture is extensively conducted. The church is roofed with Irish Oak. Near this town is a Danish rath, where some curious relics were discovered in 1684; here the road forks into two branches, that on the left leads to Lurgan, and the other on the right to Maheraghlin village, distant sixty-seven miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin. A a^oss road runs to the left, and another on the right leads to Moira. Banbridge^ — Distant sixty miles and a half from the Castle of DubHn, is pleasantly situated on the river Ban. Linen fairs are held here ; two roads unite on the left, and a cross road runs to the right ; at the sixty-second mile stone, stands Magherally village, the church stands on the right, and a cross road runs to the right; on this side of the sixty-fourth mile stone, a small lake lies on the right. Droviore Village^ — Distant sixty-six miles from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the river Lagan. It is an ancient episcopal see, founded by St. Colman in the sixth cen- tury. The cathedral is very small, but the episcopal residence is a neat convenient modern edifice : here are two meeting houses, a Diocesan school, and a neat market-house erected on arches, where considerable quantities of linens are sold on mar- ket and fair days. An abbey for regular canons was founded here by St. Colman. On the 24th of June 1690, King Wil-r liam the Third marched through this town to command the British forces. On a hill at the north end of the town, is a Da- nish rath, conspicuous at a great distance, from which issues a covered way to the river Lagan, two hundred and sixty feet long, seven feet wide, and nine feet deep : here is a chalybeate spring deemed efficacious in gravelly complaints. In 178ti, the horns of a mouse-deer were dug in the see lands, measuring from tip to tip, fourteen feet six inches ; and also the enormous skeleton of an animal supposed to wear them. The roads from 502 NEW traveller's GUIDE Katlifryland, Castlewellan, find Ballynahinch unite on the right ; a cross road runs to Guilford on the left; two roads issue irom this town, that on the right leads to Hillsborough, and the other on the left to Moira Village, distant sixty-nine miles and one quarter from the Castle of Dublin : here are an handsome churchy a charity school, and two dissenting meetiug-houses ; a monthly market for the sale of linens is established here; near this town stands Moira Castle, the former residence of the noble house of Moira. It gives the title of Earl to the family of Rawden. A sanguinary battle is traditionally reported to have been fought here in 637, between the exiled Congal Cloan, and Donald King of Ireland, which continued with various success for six days, when Congal was ultimately vanquished. Two roads issue on the right, one leading to Hillsborough, and the other to Lisburn ; a little farther on, the county terminates in this direction. On the road leading from Dromore to Hillsbo- rough, at the sixty-seventh mile stone, a cross road runs to the left ; at the sixty-eight mile stone, a small lake lies on the right, arid another on the left. To Moira^ hy Loiighhrickland, Loughbrickland Banbridge Dromore Moira ^ ( BliJes. ) ■ 58| 21 3i 60f 66 69| Parishes in the Baroji^ of Casilereagh^ Drumbeg, Drumbo, Drumdonald, Kilmore, Knockbreda, Killany, Kilmud, Saintfield, Tullynakil Cumber, Hollywood. Hillsborough^ — Distant sixty-nine miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat modern built town, agreeably situ- ated on a lofty eminence : here is an excellent inn, and a very thriving manufacture of Muslins. The church is magnificent, having a lofty spire and many windows of stained glass, all com- pleted at the private expence of the late munificent Earl of Hil?5boroucrh. Near this town is the maijrnificent residence of FOR IRELAND* 503 the Most Noble the Marquis of Downshire, to which family this town gives the title of Earl. It was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parlia- ment. Near the town is a small ancient castie still kept in re- pair ; two cross roads issue on the left, and another on the right leads to Downpatrick ; at the seventy-third mile stone, the road crosses the Blaris river, the Lagan river and canal lie on the left ; at the seventy-third mile stone, a bridge across the Lagan communicates with Lisburn, situated on the Antrim side of the river, and two cross roads run to the right ; a little be- yond the seventy-fourth mile stone, stand the ruins of Hill Hall Castle on the right ; at the seventy-fifth mile stone, stands Drum- beg Church ; a cross road runs to the left, and a little farther on, Drumbo Church ; a round tower stands on the right ; and a lit- tle beyond the seventy-sixth mile stone, a cross road sweeps to the left, and a little beyond the seventy-seventh mile stone, the road crosses the Drumbo river. To Donaghadee hy Dromore. Dromore as before Hillsborough Drumbeg Hollywood Bangor Donaffhadee (Miles.) 66 Si 69k 75 H 84^ 90 5 95 Newtoucn Breda, — Distant seventy-eight miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a small village, where there is an elegant church adorned with a steeple and spire, whose exact architec- tural proportions attract the admiration of every tasteful and intelligent beholder. Near this village is situated Belvoir, the magnificent residence of Lord Dungannon. Calwallt/^ — Is a small village, distant seventy-nine miles from the Castle of Dublin. At the eightieth mile stone, a magnificent bridge thrown across the Lagan, communicates with Belfast, situated on the Antrim side of the river ; at the eighty-second mile stone, the road forks into two branches, that on the right leading to Newtown Ardes, and the other on the left to Bangor. Holli/wood.—'DistsLnt eighty-four miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a small village pleasantly situated on the £0i KEW traveller's guide southern shore of Belfast Lough, abounding with muscles, on which the peasantry plentifully feed. To Donaghadee hy Hillsborough. (Miles) Hillsborough as before - * — 69^ Newtown Breda - • 8f 78 Calwally - - - 1 79 Newtown Ardes - - S| j 87^ Donaghadee - - - 64 j 94?| Parishes in the Barony of Ardes. Ardquin, Donaghadee, Gray Abbey, Ballyphilip, St. Andrews, Ardes. Witter, Bangor, Bangor^ — Distant ninety miles from the Castle ! of Dublin^ is pleasantly situated on the south side of Carrickfergus Bay i here stood a celebrated abbey, founded by St. Congal, about the year 555. The traces of its foundation, testify its ancient splendour and extent. The present church erected within the precincts of the abbey, is adorned with a lofty steeple. This town was the principal residence of the Hamiltons, Lords of Clanebois, a descendant of which family was afterwards created Earl of Clanbrassil. The English army commanded by Duke Schomberg, landed here in 1689. The harbour is deemed safe and commodious. It gives the title of Viscount to the fa- mily of Ward, whose superb residence lies contiguous. This town was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. The roads from Newtown Ar« des and Donaghadee meet here. On the Foad branching to New- town Ardes; a little beyond the eighty-second mile stone, stand the ruins of Knock Castle on the right ; at the eighty- fourth mile stone, Dondonald Church is situated on the right, and a cross road runs right and left. Newtown Ardes^ — Distant eighty-seven mites and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is delightfully situated on the nor- thern point of Lough Strangford. The tide flows up to the walls of the town. An extensive diaper factory is established here by the quakers. The church is a venerable structure of the Doric order. There are two meeting houses. The ci- Of THE THE mm Of SHE ^Oil IRELAND. 505 vil government is vested in a provost, burge^tses, and commo- nalty. In 1244, a monastery was founded here by Waiter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster. At the general suppression of monas- tic institutions, this abbey and all its possessions, were granted by James the First, to James Viscount Claneboys. This pro- perty afterwards by assignment, fell into the possession of Montgomery Viscount Ardes. It was a borough previous to the Union, returning tw^o members to the Irish Parliament. The road from Portaferry unites on the right, and the road on the left leads to Bangor ; at the ninetieth mile stone, a wind- mill stands on the left ; on this side of the ninety-first mile stone, a cross road winds to the left; at the ninety-third mil« stone, the road from Bangor unites on the left. Donaghadecj — Distant ninety-four miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is a very extensive town, consisting of two large main streets, intersected by cross lanes. The church is situated on an eminence, and built in the form of a cross : here are two meeting houses. Its chief trade consists in ex- porting live stock to Scotland : here the pacquets plying from Portpatrick in Scotland, distant only ten leagues, land. The quay constructed in the form of a crescent, is one hundred and twenty-eight yards long, and proportionably wide and sub- stantial. On the north east side of the town, stands a conical hill one hundred and forty feet high, and two hundred and nineteen feet in circumference on the summit, from which many parts of Scotland, and of the Isle of Man, may be distinctly de- scried in clear weather. In the middle ages, a celebrated school or university was established here, which was destroyed by the piratical Danes in 837. On the road leading from Dromore to Ballynahinch ; on this side of the seventieth mile stone, a cross road runs right and left, and a little farther on, a small lake lies on the left. Parishes in the Barony Kinalarty^ Loughlin Island, MagheradroL ^ Ballynahinch^ — Distant seventy-four miles from Dublin Castle^^ is a small neat village, centrally situated among coarse and rocky hills; its public buildings are a church, a charter school, and a meeting house ; the Earl of Moira had a seat near this village. W^ithin two miles of the town there is a sulphiu'eous chalybeate spa, deemed efficacious in several complaints; six NEW traveller's GUIDilr roads concentre at this town. On the 13th of June 1798, agre^^t body of rebels were defeated near this town by General New- gent. Saint/ield, — Distant seventy-eight miles from Dublin Castle, is a considerable village, having a church, a barrack and a meeting house. On the 9th of June, a brisk skirmish took place between a party of yeomen and the rebels, when, the latter from the preponderating superiority of numbers, obtained the advantage and took temporary possession of the town. Two cross reads sweep off on the right, one leading to Downpatrick and the other to Killyleagh, and two roads wind on the left, one leading to Hillsborough and the other to Lisburn ; at the eighty-one mile stone a cross road runs right and left. Cumber village^ — Distant eighty-four miles from Dublin Castle, is pleasantly situated on the north western verge of lake Strangford. In 1199 an abbey of Cistertian monks was found- ed here by Brian Catha Dun, who was slain in 1201, by Sir John de Coursey; from this Brian descended the O'Neils of Claneboys : here are the ruins of Mount Alexander Castle, the ancient residence of the Earls of Mount Alexander : near this town is a fine race course : a cross road on the right leads to Killy- leagh and another on the left runs to Belfast : the direct road leads to N. T. Ardes, already noticed ; on the road passing from Newry to Rathfryland, on this side of the fifty-second mile stone, a bridge is erected on the Newry water ; on this side of the fifty-sevcLth mile stone stands Lissize, the splendid residence of Earl Clanwilliara, on the left. To Dojiaghadee hy "Drornvre. Dromore Ballynahinch Saintfield Cumber Newtown- Ardes Donaghadee (Miles.) 66 8 7* 4 78 6 84 3| 87| 61 941 'Rathfryland^ — Distant fifty-seven miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a large pleasant village, agreeably situated on an eminence, and entirely built with free-stone, it bath a church and a meeting-house ; on the summit of an hill are the ruins of an old castle, the ancient residence of the Magennis's, Lords of Iveah ; a cross road runs to the right, and another on the left, leads to Batibridge \ about two miles north of this town is a FOR IRELAND. cclebiated chalybeate, called Turkelly's-well, deemed very effi- cacious in scrophulous diseases : at the sixtieth mile stone the road forks into two branches, that on the right leading to Dun- drum, and the other on the left to Castlewellan ; at the sixty- one mile stone a small lake lies on the left, and Ballymoney, a line country residence, the property of the most Noble the; Marquis of Downshire. Cstlewcllan^ — Distant sixty-five miles from Dublin Gastle, is a neat village situated near a lake ; here is a delightful residence belonging to Lord Glerawly. This town gives the title of Baron to the family of Annesley ; a cross road runs right and left; at the sixty-sixth mile stone the road crosses the Kihnegan. river : at the sixty-seventh mile stone a cross road runs right and left. ClogJi^ — Distant sixty-nine miles from Dublin Castle, is a small village, near which stands a Danish rath, surrounded by a broad deep fosse, and on whose summit there is erected a plain strong castle, a cross road runs right and left; at the "fe'eventy-one mile stone a small lake lies on the right; at the seventy-second mile stone a cross road runs right and left, and a little farther on are the ruins of an old castle on the left. Parishes in the Barony of Leceale. Ardglass, Downpatrick, Saul, Bailee, Dunsport, Terela, Ballyculter, Inch, Rathmullen^ Bright, Kilclief, Doxmpatricl^^ — Distant seventy- lour miles from Dublin Castle^ is the shire and assizes town of this county ; it consists of four main streets converging to a point, intersected by lanes and small streets ; its public buildings are a barrack, a goal, a court house, a market house, a meeting house, and a diocesan school house ; all spacious, commodious, and extremel}^ well cal- culated for their intended purposes ; it is supposed to have been erected into a bishoprick by St. Patrick, and a traditionary report prevails, that the tutelary saint had been interred in the cathedral : until the Reformation, five monastic institutions w^ere established in this town. In 1538 the cathedral was destroyed by Leonard Lord Grey, which profanation constituted one of the articles of impeachment, exhibited against him. Near the i>ld abbey stood a rouiid tower, of which no vestiges now rcmam; 508 NEW TRXVELLEil's GtlDE the present cbufch is situated in another quarter of the towi], and was rebuilt in 1735: on a rising ground contiguous to the town was erected a splendid mansion, the property of Lord Cromwell, which edifice was destroyed by the insurgents in the rebellion of 1611 ; on the north west end of the tow^n, stands a conical rath, sixty feet hgh, enclosed by three ramparts, one of v/hicli is thirty feet broad : the circumference of the circum- vallation exceeds three quarters of a mile. St. Patrick's well near this town is highly venerated by the peasantry for its supposed imaginary virtues. The electors are denominated pot wallopers, who return one member to the Imperial Parliament ; within a mile of the town there is a celebrated race course, where plates subscribed by the corporation of horse breeders, pursuant to a cliarter granted by James the Second, are run for : all the road^ from the different approaches^ concentre here. To Cumber hy Ne^wrij* N ewry Kathfryland Castlewellan Ciogh Downpatrick Killyleagh Killinchy Cumber (Miles ) 50| 7 57| 65 4 69 5 74 6 80 4| 84| 4i 49 Parishes in the Barony ofDtifferin. Killinchy, Killyleagh. A road issuing on the left, leads to Killyleagh ; at the seventy^ fifth mile stone a cross road runs to the left; at the seventy- riixth mile stone a cro^s road runs to the left ; and a church stands to the left. Killyleagh^ — Distant eighty miles from Dublin Castle, is pleasantly situated on an arm of Lough Strangford, where ships lie sheltered from all winds. The linen manufacture is thrivingly established here, and its fine threjfds are much es- teemed ; its public buildings are an handsome church, a good market-house, a m.eetiiig house and a barrack. The family of IlamiltoUj created Lords of Claneboys, and subsequently Earls FOR IRELAND. 609 of Claubrasseljhad dieir chief residence in anancientcastleerectcd at one extremity of the street. This town suffered most severely in the rebellion of 164?1. Sir Hans Sloane, the celebrated naturalist and eminent physician, was born here on the 16th of April 1660 : it was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish parliament. The road from Ballyna- hinch unites on the left; two roads issue from this town, one leading to Saintfield and the other to Cumber; at the eighty- third mile stone a cross road on the left leads to Saintfield; at the eighty-fourth mile stone a cross road runs right and left, and Killinchy church stands on the right ; at the eighty-seventh mile stone a cross road sweeps to the left ; at the eighty-eighth mile stone stands Cumber, already noticed. On the road lead- ing from Downpatrick to Strangford, near the seventy-sixth mile stone, are the ruins of an old castle on the left. Raholp^ — Is an hamlet, distant seventy-seven miles from Dublin Castle ; at the seventy-ninth mile stone stands Castleward, the splendid residence of Lord Bangor. Strangford^ — Distant eighty miles from Dublin Castle, is a decayed but ancient tow^n, situated on a narrov^ rapid inlet leading to Lough Strangford ; here a charter school was opened in 174>8, very liberally endowed by Robert Earl of Kildare. The road from Killough unites on the right. Portqferry^ — Distant eighty miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is situated on the northern bank of Strangford Ferry. The Castle of Portaferry was the ancient residence of the family of Savage; near the church stands a chapel covered witii an arched roof of stone, so firmly cemented as to be impervious to rain, contiguous to which there is another chapel simiiarly constructed; two roads issue from this village, one on the left sweeps along the shore of Lough Strangford to Newtown-Ardes, and the other on the right runs along the sea coast to Donagh- adee ; at the eighty-second mile stone are the ruins of an abbey on the shore of Lough Strangford. Kirmhhiii^ — Distant eighty-six miles from Dublin Castle, is a small village pleasantly situated on the eastern verge of Lough Strangford : a cross road runs to the right. Grey Ahbey^ — Distant eighty-nine miles from Dublin Castle, is situated on the eastern shore of Lough Strangford : this spa- cious and sumptuous edifice was founded in 1 192 by Africa, daughter of the King of Man, and wife of John de Coursey. The great eastern window is a noble specimen of Gotliic archi- tecture ; a road on the left leads to Newtown Ardes, alreadv aoticed, a^d the other on the right ruys to Bally waiter vilia^r^. 5i0 K£vv traveller's guide distant eighty-nine miles from Dublin Castle ; here is a good slate qnarry. In this vicinity lies the Granshavv bog, containing more than a thotisancl acres, which the proprietors began to i-eclaim and improve in 1743. To Domgliadee hy Dawnpatrick* Downpati'ick 4 Raholp Strangford Ferry over to Portaferry Kircubbin Grey Abbey Doaaghadee (Miles.) 74. 3 77 3 80 SOj 6 86j 3 m\ 6| 96 "Narrow Wafer, — Distant forty-nine miles from Dublin Castle by the mountain road passing from Jonesborough to Narrow Water Ferry, is a neat village pleasantly situated on the Newry river; here is a sti'ong castle, boldly situated on a rock; some f^alt works have been erected near this town ; the communication with Louth is constantly maintained by ferry-boats ; a cross road vnm right and left ; at the sixty-third mile stone stands Bryans- ford, the delightful and sequestered residence of Lord Clan- brassil ; through a well planted demesne, a beautiful river meanders, exhibiting a succession of most picturesque cascades ; at the sixty-fourth mile stone a cross road runs right and left, raid a little farther on, the road crosses the Dundrum river; at the sixty sixth mile stone a cross road runs right and left. Du?idrum, — Distant sixty-eight miles from Dublin Castle, though now a decayed village, was formerly deemed a place of great importance, being protected by a strong castle boldly seated on a rock, and commanding the whole bay, the ruins of which still exist; this castle is supposed to have been built by John de Coursey for the Knights Templars, who possessed it until 1313 ; it was then granted to the prior of Down, who en-^ joyed it until the general dissolution of monastic institutions, when it was transferred by the crown to Lord Cromwell, of Oakham, whose son, Thomas, created Viscount Leceale, disposed of it to Sir Francis Blundel. In 1517 the Earl of Kildare, then lord deputy, wrested it from an Irish garrison, which had previously expelle/cl the English settlers ; it was subsequently repaired by the Magennis's and retaken by Lord Deputy Grey FOR IRELAND, in 1538; it was afterwards seized by Phelim M'Ever Magen- nis, who was compelled to surrender it to Lord Mount- joy, in 1601. In the rebellion of 1641, it was dismantled by the orders of Cromwell, in which state it still remains. Three roads issue from this village, that on the left leads to Clogh, the centre road runs to Downpatrick, and the third on the right, winds along the shore to Killough, At the sixty-nine mile stone, a sn^all lake lies to the left. At the seventy-two mile 3tone, stands Rathmullen church. To DoKionpatrich by Narrow Water ^ Narrow Water 49 Eight-mile-bridge - - - - 61 55f Castlewellan - . • . 7| 63 Downpatrick - - - - 9 | 72 Killough^ — Distant seventy-five miles and a half from Dublin Castle, is a considerable village, pleasantly situated on the sea shore; it has a good quay and a fine harbour, where ships can ride in safety ; its principal trade consists in the exportation of barley. The church, and horse barrack are plain strong struc- tures. Near the town, a working charter school is erected suf- ficiently spacious to accommodate twenty children ; near the school there is a mineral spring, whose waters are affirmed to be purgative, and emetic. Through a rock near the shore runs an oblong cavity, which at the ebbing and flowing of the tide, emits a noise resembling the sound of an huntsman's horn. In an open field within a quarter of a mile of the town^ there is a curious cave, having a winding passage, which leads to a cham- ber three yards in diameter, in which is a well of fine cool and limped water. Two roads issue from this town, one on the left leads to Downpatrick, and the other on the right to Strangford. A little to the right of the town, are the ruins of the three Ardglass castles. A little beyond the seventy-eight mile stone, Dunsford church stands on the right, and a cross road runs right and left. At the eighty-one mile stone, stands Bally culter church on the right. And a little farther on, stands Killylief church on the sea coast, contiguous to which are the ruins of an old castle. From Narrow Water, a road on the right winds along the shore to Warren's Point, a village distant fifty^^ve nales and a half from Dublin Castle, by Newry, To Strang ford by Rathfrijland* Rathfrvland as before - Bryansford Dundrum Kiliough over the Strand Stranrfbrd Miles. 87f n 65 684 75i- 7 6| 82i Rostreve7\ — Is a neat little village, distant fifty-seven miles and a half from Dublin Castle ; it is delightfully encompassed with lofty mountains, well planted with full grown oaks. At the lower extremity of the town, there is a small quay ; the bay is well sheltered, and ships may safely ride at anchor within a few yards of the shore ; salt works, and pottery of white earthen ware, constitute its only manufactures. A road on the left pass- ing through the mountains, leads to Rathfryland ; within a mils of the town are the ruins of Kilbreny church. To Vundrum hy Newy. (Miles) Newry, as before 50f Narrow Water ' - - 4 Warren's point 1 5 i Rostrevor ^ ^ ^ . 2 Kilkeele - - - 1i 65 Annalong • - - - 41 691 Newcastle 6 751 Dundrum - - - - 31 78^ N. B. Narrow Water is five and a half miles nearer Dublin by the Ferry road. ParUh in the Barony of Mourne* Kilkeele. Kilkeele^ — Distant sixty-five miles from Dublin Castle, is a poor straggling village situated on the sliore. Annalong, — Distant sixty-nine miles and a quarter from Dub- rOR IRELAND. 513 lin Castle, is a decayed village, situated near the shore, on a river of the same name. New Castle, — Distant seventy- five miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, is an inconsiderable village, situated on the shore ; contiguous to this village stands the bleak and gloomy Slieve Donald, the loftiest pinnacle of the Mourne mountains. A cross road on the left leads to Castlewellan, already noticed, and an- other on the right winds along the coast to Duhdrum, already described. This wild and sterile district is thinly inhabited, and the elevation of the mountains indicates the nature of tbe soil to be eitber moor or moss peal, where the rocks do not totally usurp and occupy the surface ; it does not appear that any valu- able minerals have as yet been discovered ; in these alpine re- gions ; an accurate investigation may explore their hidden trea- sures, which have as yet baffled all researches. 5U KEW TRAVELLER S GUIDE A Table of Fairs held each month of the year^ m this Countif. Places where held, Ardmillan • . . Portaferry, . . . Ballinahinch 1st Thurs D unci rum do. Comber . • . . Down, 2d Thursday Banbridge Bangor . . Green Castle Narrow Water Newtown Ardes Saintfield . . Time. Jan. 1 1 12 29 29 J7 23 26 Castlewellan . . . Hollywood, 1st Monday Kilmore .... Rostrevor . . • . Ballinahinch . . Killough .... Kirkeel, 1st Tuesday Loughbrickland do. Killinchy, 15/ Wednes. Rathfryland 2d do. Sheepbridge, 15/ Friday Portaferry, 1st Thurs Dundrum, Thursday be-- fore Candlemas Saintfield, 2d Thurs. O. S. Hillsborough, Sd Wed. Rostrevor Ballinahinch, Seaford Banbridge Kihuore • IstThur Feb. 1 4 6 12 12 Places where held. Downpatrick . . Scarvaghpa.^s . . Saintfield, 2d Thur. O.S. Rathfryland, 1st Wed. after 2d Lady day Loughbrickland Grey abbey . • . Mar. 1 7 8 14 Ardmillan . . . Ballinahinch, IstThur. Comber . . . Killilea . . . Rostrevor .... Rathfryland, 2d Wed O. S. Maghera .... Newry, 1st Mon. after Faster Kircubbin . . . Saintfield, 3^ TAwr. O.S Kilmore .... Castlewellan . . . Bangor . . . . Hollywood, 15/ Mon. Narrow Water . . Kirkeel .... Killinchy, 15/ Wednes. Rathfiyland, 15/ Wed. after Trinity Sunday Sheepbridge . Dundrum Dromore • . Anadoyne Newtown Ardes Hillsborough FOR IRELAND. 515 Blaces where held, Down . . , • . Ballinahinch, 2d Thur. O.S. Clough . . • . Saintfield, 3cl T/iur. O.S Kirciibbin . . . Donaghadee, last fVed, 0. S. Time. May 19 21 28 ^ June Castlewellan • . . 1 Kilmore • . . • 3 Clough . . • . 4 Rostrevor . . . . 8 Banbridge . . . 9 Seaford .... 9 Killough . . • . 9 Scarvaghpass . . 19 Gilford .... 21 Ballywalter • . . 22 Donaghmore . . 22 Down 22 Grey abbey . . . 22 Saintfield .... 26 Comber . . . : 28 Killilea, Trinity Mori. July. Ardmillan . . . i Donaghadee . . . 4 Castlereagh . . . 5 Clough .... 5 Ballinahinch . . 10 Loughbrickland 10 Rathfryland, 3d Wed. O S Dromore .... 28 Saintfield .... 30 Portaferry . . . 31 Rostrevor ; • . Aug. I Places where held. Bangor .... Holy wood, 1 st Monday Sheepbridge, 1^/ Friday Kirkeele, 1^^ Tuesday Killitichy, 1st WedneS' Kilniore .... Greencastle . . . Strangford, 3 days Dumdrum, TImrs. be- fore the 12 Killough .... Donaghadee . . Ballinahinch, \st Thur, O. S. Banbridge . . . Saintfield .... Kircubbin . . . Hillsborough, 3d Wed. Castlewellan . • . Seaford .... Scarvaghpass • . Rostrevor .... Rathfryland, 2d Lady Day O. S. Saintfield, Sd T/iurs, N.S. Newtown Ardes . Kilmore . . . Ardmillan . . . Ballinahinch, 15/ IViur Narrow Water, do. Donaghadee Dromore . Dundrum Killilea Comber Clough, 3d Friday Donaghmore • . • Saintfield . « * . 516 NEW traveller's GUIDE Places where heM, Time. ^ ^~ . . Places where held» — Time. Nov, Castlereagh . . . OR v^astlereagji • • • 20 X-^ownpaii ivK- • • • vjiiroiu • • • . 21 ^ C7 XJali^LfL • • • • oo ZiZ OA Clough . • . . 22 oaiiiLneicij ou l fiui , L/.o, T-TlllQliornnrTVi Q/-/ ll/^rf J. jiii&ULii vjuyuj ou- yy tit* XiiV^SLl C- VVJl • • • • 1 X j.±v:7ii> vvuuuj Jot' ±yx\Jiit r? nf nTTxrl ann Inci- xtcituji yiclilvi^ LUdl' yy tu..9 Kirkeel, Tuesday vy. o. XVillilJL/ll xbl r r cll/lco* OlJCvUlJllUi' cTj Lbl A- 1 LililU Kilniore « • • • c o Warren s x oint • • 1 jnLllllUU V lie • ♦ • Q O kJtTcHL^lLl • • • • cr O XJdiiY VV o DonaghadeCj 26? TVcd^ JT Ul Ltllt:! 1 y J lot' MiLUIS)* X LWo tl C V U J. • • • « 1 1 Portaterry . • , 12 jvuiougn • • • • 12 KilmorGj Q,d JVcdiies* Loughbrickland • 12 Cast lewel Ian, Tucs^ he- Castlcwcllan • • • 1 Q 1 J T n'v i> t hyiQ'f'Winc fUit: x^fifi-oL/tlCio X^CtlllllctlllllL/lJ J lot' J. fllil • (ll/l f 1) Y"I Q^TYl /y Q Scarvaglipass . . 14. Saintfield, l5^ Thurs. Banbridge . . . 16 after Christmas. 1 19 FOR IRELAND. 517 COUNTY OF ANTRIM. The Coui^ty of Antrim is bounded on the north by the Northern Ocean ; on the east by the Irish Channel ; on the soutli by Down ; on the west by Tyrone and Londonderry. Its greatest extent from north to south, is about Ibrty-two Irish miles: and from east to west about twenty-four Irish miles. Its superificial contents comprise 420,999 acres, Irish plantation measure, including bogs, maintain, and w^astc. It contains eight Baronies: — Upper and Lower Massarene, L^pper and Lower Antrim, Upper and Lower Toome, Kilconway, Upper and Lower Dunluce, Carey, Upper and Lower Glenarm, Upper and lower Belfast — which are distributed into seventy- seven parishes. The general soil of the plains and vallies is strong loam; in some places gravelly and sandy soils prevail, frequently interspersed with wliin-stones of various sizes : when the loam rests on a substratum of compact clay, the retainod moisture retards the spring sowisg, and when over dried multi- plies labour; for both extremes, judicious draining and liming appear to be the most efficacious remedies ; as the lands elevate, the soils degenerate into brown or yellow till, sprinkled over with a light vegetable mould. The mountains, when not com- posed of solid masses of naked rock, are invariably covered with mossy peat* and sometimes with deep moor. The bogs, scattered over the county, both in the plains and on the moun- tains, afford the inhabitants ab'indance of cheap fuel ; lime-stone gravel can be rarely met with : most rivers of this county 51S KEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE derive their sources from the mountains bordering on the sea, and direct their courses towards Lough-Neagh. Such as pre- cipitate into the sea, are mountain torrents generated by the floods, with the exception of the Bush-river, which discharges itself into Ballintra bay, west of the Giant's Causeway. The principal rivers, which fall into Lough-Neagh, are the Ravil, the Braid, the Glenwherry, the Main, the Six-Mile-Water, the Crumlin, and the Glenevy ; none of these rivers can be rendered navigable to any considerable distance, from the elevation of their descent, and the rapidity of their currents ; but are most commodious for mill scites, and consequently, numerous bleach greens are established on their banks. The Carey and Glen- shesh- rivers, with united vehemence, and irresistible impetuosity, - discharge their waters into the sea at Ballycastle. Innumerable torrents tumble down the declivities of the mountains into the sea; and many streamlets contribute to swell the majestic channels of the Bann and Lagan, which constitute the boun- daries of the county in their different courses. The lakes sprinkled through the county, are neither extensive nor numerous; "die most considerable are Lough-Lynch, Lough-Hill, Lough- Moum, Portmore-Lough, and Lough-Guile. The residuary collections, might be more properly denominated pools. There are many chalybeate spas, of which, the one at Ballycastle, and another at Dumans, in the parish of Ramoan, are the most esteemed. The only coal mines as yet wrought in this county, are confined to the vicinity of Ballycastle. Parishes in the Barony of Massarene. Aghalee, Soldierstown, Lisburn, Aghagallen, Ballinderry, Camlin, Glanevey, Killead, Magheragal. Magheramisk, Tullyrusk, KOADS. On the road leading from Lurgan to Ballinderry, Antrim County commences a little beyond the seventy mile stone, Aughygallan^ — Is ^ P^^^ village, distant seventy-one miles from the Castle of Dublin. At the seventy-two mile stone, the road from Moira unites on the right. FOR IRERAND, $19 Ballmderrtf ^ — Distant seventy-three miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat small village. The ruins of Portmore castle stand on the left ; and a cross road runs to the left ; at the seventy-five mile stone, a cross road runs right and left; at the seventy-six mile stone, is situated Rams Island, in which stands a round tower ; and a cross road runs to the left ; and a little farther on, a cross road runs right and left. Crwnlin^ — Distant seventy-eight miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a comfortable village, pleasantly situated on a river of the same name : here the road from Glenevy unites on the right, and a cross road winds to the left ; a little beyond the eighty mile stone, a cross road sweeps to the right, and Keady church stands on the left ; at the eighty-one mile stone, a cross road runs right and left ; at the eighty-three mile stone, a cross road runs right and left. Parishes in the Barony of Antrim* Racavan, Rashee, Skerry, Antrim, Ballyclug, Ballycar, Connor, Donegor, Kilbride. Antrim^ — Distant eighty-four miles from the Castle of Dublin^ is the capital of the County, agreeably situated on the Six- Mile- Water ; it was anciently a bishoprick ; and an abbey was founded here by Durtracta, a disciple of St. Patrick's. A round tower stands here. In the rebellion of 1798, a furious battle was fought at this town, in which the rebels were routed with prodigious slaughter; but most unfortunately a very amiable nobleman, Lord O'Neil, lost his life, valiantly combating in the defence of his sovereign and our glorious constitution. Near the town is situated a stately castle, the property of Lord Massarene. The roads from Belfast and Temple-Patrick, unite on the right ; the road to Kells issues from the northern extremity of the town. It was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. On this side of the eighty-six mile stone, a cross road runs to the right ; and Shane's castle, the residence of Lord O'Neil, en- chantingly situated on tlxe border of Lough Nea, lies on the left. NEW traveller's GUIDE Parishes in the Barony of Toome. Ahoghill, Drumaul, Ballymeiia* Cranfield, Duncan, Mandalstown^ — Distant eighty-eiglit miles from the Castle of Dublin, is pleasantly situated on the river Main : here is an handsome market-house, over which there is a large assembly room, where balls are held on the first Tuesday evening of every month attended by the linen drapers, resorting to this market, Vt^ho dance in boots and spurs, to the great annoyance of the ladies, and no small benefit of trade, by the numerous rents and gashes inflicted on the delicate texture of female habiliments by the formidable and destructive weapons attached to the heels of the yard-brandishing partners. Three roads issue from the lower extremity of the town, one leading to Gillgoran, another to Ahoghill, and the third to Portglenone. It was a borough previous to the Union, returning two members to the Irish Parliament. A little beyond the eighty-nine mile stoncj^ a cross road on the left, leads to Toome-bridge ; at the ninety- one mile stone, stands Dunmain church to the left; at the ninety-three mile stone, a cross road on the left, runs to New- ferry ; at the ninety-four mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Ahoghill, and another on the left, to Newferry. Portglenone^ — Distant ninety-seven miles and a quarter from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat little village, pleasantly situated on the eastern bank of the river Bann ; over w hich a bridge is erected, communicating with Clady, seated on the opposite bank, and a cross road runs to the right ; at the one hundred mile stone, the road from Ahoghill unites on the right. Parishes in the Barony of Kilconxscay. Dunaghy, Finvoy, Killagan, Rasharkan. BasharJcan^ Distant one hundred and one miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a small neat village, having a good paro- chial church. Here the road forks into two branches, that on the left, winding along the eastern bank of the river Bann, until it reaches (>oleraine, the other on the right, leads to BaHy- money ; a cross road on the left, stretches towards Portna- FOR IRELAND. 521 bridge, and another winds on the right; at the one hundred and four mile stone, stands Finiay church, and a cross road leading to Newferry sweeps on the left ; another winds on the right; at the one hundred and seven mile stone, a cross road on the left, leads to Cross-ferry. Parishes in the Barony of Dunluce. Ballymoney, Ballyrashane, Dunluce, Derrykeighan, Ballywellan, Loughguile. Kilraghtis, Billy, BaUymoney^ — Distant one hundred and seven miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a considerable village : here stands a fine mansion, the property of the most noble the Marquis of Downshire. The road from Clough unites on the right; a cross road on the left, leads to Gills-ferry ; here the road forks into two branches, that on the right, leads to Dervock, and the other on the left to Coleraine ; at the one hundred and ten mile stone, the road winding along the eastern bank of the river Bann, unites on the left, where the County terminates in this direction. DervocJc^ — Distant one hundred and eleven miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a small village, situated on the Bush river ; near which, are the beautiful seats of Eelleisle and Clover-Hill ; a cross road on the right, leads to Armoy, and another on the left runs to Bush-mill; at the one hundred and twelve mile stone, Derrykighan church stands on the right, and a cross road to Coleraine, winds on the left. Bush-mills^ — Distant one hundred and sixteen miles from the Castle of Dublin, is a neat small village, situated on a river of the same name, at the mouth of Ballintra bay. Two miles from this village, stands the Giant's Causeway on the right ; and Dunluce Castle on the left; here two roads from Coleraine unite on the left ; and a cross road on the right, leads to Ballintoy. Dunluce Castle is boldly situated on the summit of a cliff projecting into the sea, and separated from the main- land by a deep and wide chasm, excavated through the rock ; from its inaccessible position, it must have been impregnable before the invention of gunpowder. It was the principal resi- dence of an Irish chieftain, named MacQuillan, until dispos- sessed by some stratagem devised by his crafty Scotch neighbours. Yellow Charles MacDonnel retained the castle, until obliged to 3 X 522 NEW TKAVELLER's GUIDE surrentler it to the Lord Deputy Sir John Perrot ; aft^r this conquest, it fell into the possession of the MacDonnels, through the treachery of the governor, but they were constrained again to deliver up the castle, through the active exertions of the officer sent to besiege it. On their making submission, abjuring all foreign alliance, and swearing allegiance to her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, the castle, widi all its appurtenances, was granted to these intruders. On the road leading from Randalstown to Ahoghill, at the ninety-four mile stone, a cross road runs right and left. To the Giant's Came^moy^ hy Avghgallan^ Aughgaliao, BafUnderry, Crumlin, Antrim, Kandalstown, Portglenone, Hash ark an, Baltymonej', Dervock, Bush-mills, Giant's Causeway. (Miles, 71 21 731- 4f 78 6 84 4 88 9i 97i 5 102! 5i 107i -l- 111| 4| 116 2 118 AJioghill^ — Is a small village, distant ninety-four miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin. A cross road on the right, leads to Kilgorum : on this side of the ninety-six mile stone, a cross road runs right and left ; the direct road leads to Ra- sharkan, already noticed. On the road leading from Antrim to Kells, on this side of the eighty-eight mile stone, the road IVoin Shanes-castle unites on the left. Kelh^~\^ a ^mnll village, distant eigl)ty-ndne miles from the Castle of Dublin, and pleasantly situated on the Glenwherry ^•iver. Here are the ruins of an old church ; and a cross road runs right and left. Within half a mile of this town, on the right, stands Connor, which although now a delapidated village, v^as erected into a bishoprick by St. Macnicius, about the beginning of the sixth century.' In 1442, it was united to ]3owns : its cathedral is in ruins. A litde beyond the ninety- one mile stone, a cross road on the right, leads to Brought iihane. FOR IRELAND. 528 Ballymena^ — Distant ninety-three miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin^ is a considerable village, agreeably situated on a branch of the Main river. 1 he road from Randalstowii unites on the left ; two roads issue from this town, thai on the left, leads to Ballymoney, already described, and the other oji the right, to Clough ; a cross road on the left, leads to Grac- hill; a Moravian colony is planted near Gilgorn-castle, which very well requites the curiosity of inspection. On this side of the iunety-(ive mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Brough-shaoe ; on this side of the ninety-nine mile stone, the road crosses the Kavil- Water. To Rasharkan, hy Antrim. (Miles.) Antrim, ^ . . . — 84 Ahoghill, . . . . lOf 94| Kasharkan, . . • • 6f 101 Clough^ — Distant ninety-nine miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is a small n^t village, having an handsome plain church. Here are the ruins of ttvo old castles ; the road from Broughshane unites on the right; a cross road runs right and left ; two roads issue from this town, that on the left, runs by Clough-mills, to Ballymoney, and the other on the right leads towards Ballycastle. — Lough-Guile church stands at the one hundred and five mile stone ; near which is situated Lessanour castle, situated on the border of Lough-Guile Lake, the romantic residence of the late learned and consummate states-man. Earl Macartney, whose classic epitaph, writteii by himself, is judici- ously inserted in the Rev. Mr. Duberdieu's valuable Statistical Survey of this County, whose Survey of Down likewise contains much useful local information. To Battijcastle^ by Antrim, Antrim, Kells, Ballymen3> Clough, Lough-Guile, Armoy, Ballycastle, (Miles) 84 891 Si 6 99^ 105 4 109 H 113^ 624 NEW traveller's GUIDE Parishes in the Barony of Carey, Ballintoy, Rathlin, Island, Ramoan. Ardmoy, CuHaghtrin, At the one hundred and seven mile stone, the road crosses the Bush river. Armoy village stands at the one hundred and nine mile stone; here is a neat plain church, and also a round tower; on this side of the one hundred and ten mile stone, a cross road on the left leads to Ballymoney. At the one hundred and twelve mile stone, stand the ruins of an old castle to the left. BaUijcastle^ — Distant one hundred and thirteen miles and a half from Dublin castle, is a small seaport town, built by a Mr. Boyd, on the conflux of the rivers Carey and Ramoan, who also liberally endowed a charter school, erected for the accommoda- tion of forty children. Here are the ruins of an old castle, and an abbey. In this vicinity is a colliery resembling White Haven coal in quality, and deemed sufficiently extensive to supply the consumption of the entire kingdom, could the harbour be render-^ ed safe and commodious, to protect the shipping from the vio- lence of the northerly winds. In 1770, the miners in pushing on an adit, in an unexplored quarter of the clifl^, towards a bed of coals, discovered a complete gallery, which extended several hundred yards, branching into chambers, studded with pillars, placed at proper distances : no traditionary vestiges exist, that these coal mines were ever wrought, and the fact would remain an impenetrable secret to posterity, had not this accident verifi- ed the reality. This single circumstance, proves more con- vincingly, than all the hypothetical theories suggested by the prolific fancies of antiquarians, that the arts were cultivated in this island, at some remote period of antiquity, by either foreig- ners or natives. Here is a fine chalybeate spa; a cross road on the left leads to BaUintoy. Raghlin is almost an inaccessible island, about five miles long, and three and a half broad, situat- ed in the Scottish or north sea, between six or seven miles from Ballycastle ; its cultivable parts produce excellent barley, and its rocks abound with sea weed, which is manufactured into kelp; it was deemed the stepping stone between Ireland and Scotland, which the natives of both countries alternately used in their various expeditions, and for whose possession they frequently fought : in the north angle of the island stands a castle, celebrat- ^j(l by the resistance made Here by Robert Bruce. About the 'diddle of the 6th century, a religious establishment Was founded roR IRELAND. hereby Columbus. In 790, tlio island v/as ravaged by the pi- ratical Danes. In 1558, the Earl of Essex, Lord Deputj', ex- pelled the Scotch from the island with prodigious slaughter : some tumuli and brazen spears and swords, have been discovered here. The road passing from Clough to Newtown, passes through a mountainous district, in a line almost parallel to the Ravil river. To Neuniovonglens hy ClougJu (Miles.) Clough as before - - - - — I 99|; Newtownglens - - - - 91 | 109| Newto'-don Glens^ — Distant one hundred and nine miles and a quarter from Dublin Castle, is an inconsiderable village, situated on the Lode river, on an arm of Red Bay, Two roads wind from this village on the left to Ballycastle, one crossing the mountains, and the other sw^eeping along the coast; a cross road on the right runs along the shore to Glenarn : within a mile of this village are the runs of Red castle. Broughsliane^ — Distant ninety-five miles from Dublin Castle, is a neat little village, pleasantly situated on the river Braid. Here is a plain neat church ; a road branching on the left, leads to Clough. At the ninety-nine mile stone, stands Fork Bridge Hamlet. At the one hundred mile stone, a cross road on the right leads to Larne. To Glenarn by Kells. (Miles.) Kells, as before . . . . — 89 Broughshane . . . . • 5i 95 Glenarn . . . . . 9l 1041 Parishes in the Barony of Glenarn. Ardelinis, Carnecastle, Kilwaghter, Layde, St. Cunning, Ticmacrevan. GleJiarn^ — Distant one hundred and four miles and three quarters from Dublin Castle, is a small village agreeably situ- ated on a river of the same name. At the mouth of Glenarn 525 KEW TRAVELLEllV GUIDE bay, near this village, stands Glenarn Castle, a venerable tmi magnificent mansion, the property of the Earl of Antrim. In 1465, a monastery was founded hereby Robert Russet, a Scotch- man. At the general dissolution of monastic institutions, the abbey with all its landed property, was assigned by a royal grant to Alexander M'Donnel, ancestor to the present noble family. A cross road on the left runs to Newtown Glen, and another on the right leads to Larne. Lishurney—- Distant seventy-three miles from Dublin Castle, the second in extent and commerce in this county, is a large handsome and populous town, conveniently situated on the western bank of the river Lagan, which is rendered navigable from the sea to Lough Neagh, by the assistance of a canal. The linen manufacture is extensively established here. Its public buildings are a fine church with a lofty steeple ; a large market house ornamented with a cupola, ah infirmary, a dis- senting, and a quaker's meeting houses, a methodist, and a catholic chapel. This town was colonized with English and Welch settlers, by Sir Tulk Conway, who obtained ^ grant of it, and the surrounding territory, from King James the First. On the 28th of November, 1641, a splendid victory was obtain- ed by Sir George Radon, over the Irish rebels, commanded by Sir Phelim O'Neil, Sir Con. Megennis, and General Plunket. In 1662, it was incorporated for its uniform attachment and adherence to the royal cause. The French refugees, who settled here after the revocation of the edict of Nantz, materi- ally contributed to improve the quality of the linens wrought here, by their superior skill and intelligence, which stiperiority they still maintain. In 1707, it was consumed by fire ; in this conflagration the castle participated, which has never since been repaired. Immediately after this disaster, the town was rebuilt in its present commodious form ; every house is plen- tifully supplied with water, conveyed by pipes. Two roads from Moira unite on the left; two roads issue an the Irft; one leading to Glenevy, and the other to Crumhn, both already noticed : a road issuing to the right, on the western bank of the river Lagan, leads to Belfast. It gives the title of Earl to the family of Vaughan. It returns one member to the United Parliament. FOR IRELAND- mi To Antrim^ hy Lkburn, (Miles.) Lisburn, - - Stoneyfordj « - - 41 Antrim, - - - 10 14i- Parishes in the Baron?/ of Belfast, including Carrickfergus liberties, Ballinure, Templepatrick, Glynn, Jnver, • Ballylinnj, Kilroot, Island Mageej Carmoney, Shankill, iVIoylusk, Perryaghyj Templecorran, Kaloo, Lambeg. At the geyenty-four mile stone, the road forks into two branches, both leading in nearly a parallel direction to Belfast ; a cross road and a bridge run over the Bann, on the right ; at the seventy- seven mile stone, a cross road ^'uns right and left, Belfast, — Distant eighty miles from the Castle of Dublin, is :x regularly well built town, situated on the western bank of tl^e river Lagan. Its streets are broad and spacious, both well flagged and lighted ; here a very extensive export trade is carried on, particularly in linens, flourishing factories of glass, linen, cambrics, cotton, sugar, sail-cloth, and earthen ^ware are established here. It has three barracks, the Old, the New, and an artillery barrack. Near the centre of the town is the exchange, over which an elegant and extensive set of (issembly rooms were erected at the private expense of the Marquis of Donegal; on the ground-floor is the coffee-room. The church is a light pleasing edifice, not sufficiently spacious to accommo- date an increasing congregation. There are six Protestant Dissenting Meeti ng- Houses ; a Quaker Meeting- House ; a Methodist Chapel, and two Roman Catholic Chapels, Its charitable institutions are an Asylum for aged men, women, and helpless orphan children, who are fed, clothed, and educated, until of a proper age to be apprenticed to suitable employments — a Fever Hospital and Dispensary for administering medicines to extern patients — a Lying-in Hos- pital — an House of Industry to eradicate and abolish mendicity— and a Repository for the sale of ju ticles produced by females 528 KEw traveller's guide industry. — There is a Weekly Sunday-school — a school for the Blind, in which the pupils are taught basket making — a Bible Society to propagate and diffuse the principles of Christianity — an Academical institution, endowed to prepare youth for pro- fessional departments.^ — Its literary Societies are Philosophical, Medical, and Musical; the latter is particularly devoted to the revival of that enchanting national musical instrument, the Irish Harp. . Over the river Lagan, a magnificent bridge of hewn stone is erected, consisting of 21 arches, 3 of which are in the County of Antrim, and the remainder in the County of Down ; it was built at an united charge, levied on both Coun- ties. Vessels of Burden sail up to the bridge, where there is a large spacious and commodious quay. This town gives the title of Earl to the most noble the Marquiss of Donegal, and returns one member to the United Parliament. A road issues on tlie left, Vt^iich at a small distance, forks into two branches ; one leading to Crumlin, and the other to Antrim. The road issuing on the right leads to Carrickfcrgus ; at the eighty-three mile stone, liesParkmount to the right, the delightful residence of the Marquis of Donegal. Here the road forks into two branches ; that on the right leading to Carrickfcrgus, and the o:her on the left to Ballycastle : at the eighty-five mile stone, a cross road on the left runs to Antrim, on which stands Ttinplcpatrick Village ^—-jyhimt eighty-seven miles from the Castle of Dublin, and delightfully situated on the Six-Mile- Water; near which stands Castle Upton, a beautiful seat, the property of Lord Templeton. At the eighty-six mile stone, stands Carmoney Village ; here the road forks into two branches; that on the left leads to Doagh Village^ — Distant ninety miles from the Castle of Dublin, whence the road continues to Kells by Conor, both already noticed ; the left branch leads to Larne. Straid^ — Is a small village, distant eighty-nine miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin. Here are the ruins of an old church, and a cross road runs to the left. Ballynure^ — Is a poor village, distant ninety miles and three quarters from the Castle of Dublin. Here the road from Ballyclare unites on the left; a cross road on the left leads to Bally eston ; and another on the right to Bally curry. KiLlwaghtct\ — Is a little hamlet, distant ninety-five miles ania quarter from the Castle of Dublin, situated on a streamlet of the same name. Corncastle — Churcli and Village are distant ninety-eight miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin. On tlie road leading FOR IRELAND, 529 from Belfast to Carrickfergus, at tlie eighty-six mile stone, lie th^ ruins of an old castle on the right. To Glenarm^ hi) Belfast. (Miles,) Belfast, 80 Carmoney, () 86 ^ Straid, • . . • S\ 89| Ballynure, n 90| Kill water, . , 95i Car n castle, H 98i Glenarm, , 5i I03i CarrickfergiiSy — Distant eightj^-eiaht miles from the Castle of Dublin, the shire and assises town of this county, is conveniently situated on a bay of the same name, which has an excellent harbour : it was anciently walled and fortified. Tliis town, with its extensive liberties, which extend tour miles in all directions from the castle, though within the precnicts of the barony of Belfast, constitute a county distinct from Antrim, and hold a separate assizes. The main street is narrow, as pro- tection in all fortified places was preferred to ornament ; but the more modern streets are spacious and commodious. Itwa:^ formerly a place of considerable trade, from possessing the privilege of importing merchandize at one third of the duties payable in the other ports of this kingdom ; but since the pur- chase of this privilege from the corporation, its trade lan-i guished, and was rapidly transferred to Belfast, where it appears to be immoveably fixed. The castle, supposed to have been built by Hugh de Lacey in 1178, is boldly situated on a rock projecting into the sea; it was lately thoroughly repaired, and cannon were mounted on itsbatteries : here arms and ammunition are deposited. Ip 122S, a monastery was founded here; at the general extinction of monastic institutions, this monastery and all its possessions, were granted to Sir p]dmund Fitz-Gerald, who assigned the same to Sir Arthur Chicester, ancestor to the Marquis of Donegal. This Baronet, who was often Lord Deputy of Ireland, erected a stately castle on the scite of the monastery. In 1315, this town was besieged by Robert Bruce, brother to the king of Scotland. In 1316, Bruce besieged it a second time, and took it. In 1333, Hugo de Burgh the governor, v/as murdered by his domestics. In 1418, a com-- s y 530 KEW traveller's GUIDE mission was granted to the mayor of Carrickfergus, to form » league of friendship and alliance with the Earl of Ross, who usurped the sovereignty of the Hebrides from the kings of Scotland. A general intercourse either hostile or friendlyj^ always existed between the Scots and the inhabitants scattered vAoug the eo^st of Antrim, until the Scots ultimately obtained a permanent settlement, the primary object of their predatory i ncursions, or peaceable visits, which object was affected by the marriage of one of the M'Donels, when they afterwards extended along the coast, and possessed a portion of Carrickfergus, now called the Scotch Quarter : during the whole period of Tyrone's rebellion, this place was the head quarters of the English forces in the north of Ireland. In 1639, a plan to deliver the castle to the Scottish insurgents, was defeated by the Earl of StafFordo In 164*0, a Inrge army was assembled here to oppose the Scots. In 1642, 4000 Scotch auxiliaries sent to oppose the Irish rebels took possession of this town. In 164?8, General Monk surprised the town, and made the general prisoner. In 1649, it surren- dered to the Earl of Inchequin, and General Monk was takeu prisoner. On tlie 2d. of November, in the same year, the town and castle surrendered to Sir Charles Coote. On the 25th of August, 1689, the town and castle surrendered to Duke Schomberg. On the 4th of June, 1690, King William landed in Carrickfergus to head his forces. In HSS, Thurot attacked the castle, weakly garrisoned by about 20Q recruits, who, after a brave resistance, surrendered on most honourable terms; but this desperate attempt v/as amply revenged by the British tars, who captured the squadron, and killed the commander off the Isle of Man. This naval victory was obtained under the command of Commodore EUiot. The civil government is vested by charter in a mayor annually elected, a recorder, 2 sheriffs, 1 7 aldermen, and 24 burgesses. The mayor has a very ample jurisdiction, and can issue attachments against ships' cargoes, or individuals on board ship, for debts contracted, no matter where. This jurisdiction extends from Beer-house in the County of Down, to Foreland in the County of Antrim ; Ban- gor and Carmoyle-pool only being excepted. It returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. A cross road on the left leads to Ballymena; two roads issue from this town to Larne; and another winds along the coast to Brown's Bay. Balliicurry^ — Is a smairvlllage, distant ninety-two miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin. Larnc^ — Distant ninety-seven miles and a half from the Castle of Dublin, is very delightfully situated on the western verge of Brown's Bay, where the Kilwalter river empties itsclC FOR IRELAND. 5S1 into the sea. Here the roads from Belfast, Ballymena, and Broughshane unite ; a road winds on the left, along the coast to Glenarm, already noticed. Giant's Cause-way^ — That most singular natural curiosity, and superlatively stupenduous operation of nature's astonishing phe- nomenons, is situated in the most northern extremity of the island, on the verge of the sea, into which it projects a con- siderable distance in a northerly direction, from an angala]* cliff placed between two small bays, which are about half a niile wide, and about half that distance deep. These two rocky lofty amphitheatres on either side, cast additional dignity oil the magnificent grandeur of the Causeway itself, which at the close of the sixteenth century, attracted the attention and ex- cited the curiosity of philosophic investigation, as appeal s by ihe summary sketches separately drawn by Sir Richard Buck- ley, Doctor Samuel P^oley, and Doctor Thomas Molyneux, for the information of the London Royal Society, whose distinct observations, shall constitute an historical introduction, to more minute and accurate subsequent researches. Sir Richard Buckley observes, that the circumjacent coast is of a very great height from the sea, but rising gradually on the land side to the edge of the precipice, and is ail covered with excellent sweet grass : that there is no descent by the precipice, it is so per- pendicularly steep, but that it may posj;ibly be climbed by much labour and hazard. The strand is only accessible by circuitous windings, through which a perpendicular Causeway visibly about 80 teet wide, and 20 feet high above the rest of the strand, projects into the Main Ocean. Its extension into the sea is visible to the distance of about 200 feet, but that it is impossible to ascertain how far it dips under the water. The whole Causeway consists of pillars of perpendicular cylin- ders, either hexagons or pentagons of about 18 or 20 niches diameter, but so justly shot one by another, that nothin^^- thicker than a knife can enter between the sides of the pillars. The pillars do not consist of joints, but have their bottoms as often convex or concave, as flat or even, of which, many pieces thus ^\sposed, are strewed along the shore, having been washed dow n by the tide. The Causeway displays an angular front to a spectator on the strand, the several cylinders occa- sion ally exhibiting two or three of their sides to open view : eve/? the stupendaous impending precipice entirely consists of cylinders, some of longer, and others of shorter dimensions, u circ umstance that renders it possible to climb it up, as it were by steps. All the stones' strewed along the coast, wLecher K£W TRAVELLER'S GUIDE single or clustered, are all cylindrical, although' much diversi- fied in their angles, from which homogeneous appearance, an inference is deduced, that this magnificent colonade is a singular production of nature's wonderful operations. The Giant's Causeway, says Doctor Samuel Foley, is distant somewhat more than eight English miles from north to eai.t, from the town of Coleraine, and about three miles due north from Busli-mills ; it runs from the bottom of an high hill into the sea, and baffles all enquiry to determine the termination of its extent, but at low water its length is about 600 feet, and its greatest breadth is about 240 feet, which is never contracted into nar- rower dimensions than 140 feet ; it is likewise equally uneven in its atitude, being in some places elevated more than 36 feet above the surflice of the strand, and in other parts not more than 15 feet: it consists of innumerable pillars placed per- pendicular to the plane of the horizon, but it cannot be ascer- tained whether they run down under the ground like a quarry, or whether their subterraneous configuration assimulates to their vertical uniformity ; some of them are very long, others short and broken ; some for a considerable space, are of equal height, so that their apexes constitute an uniform horizontal surface ; many appear cracked and irregular, others entire, uni- fornij and handsome, exhibit different shapes and sizes; penta- gonal and haxagonal figures are the most predominant, sep- tagonal figures are more rare, however some few are discernible ; the pillars are some 15, some 18 inches, and others two feet in diamater; none of the pillars consists of one entire stone, but are composed of several joints or pieces, some of which consist of six, some of twelve, some of eighteen inches, while Others are about two feet deep ; these pieces are as closely united as it is possible for one stone to be adjusted to another, not jointed with flat surfaces, but the cavity of one piece becomes a depository for the convexity of the contiguous mass; these joints are not always uniformly arranged, for in some pillars the convexity is always upwards, while in others it always stand* downwards, the convex mass being forced from the recipient socket ; both the concave and convex superjSces appear smooth and polished, as are likewise the sides of the pillars which lie contiguous to each other, exhibiting a whitish free-stone colour, hut of a very fine and close grit, but when broken, the inside displays the appearance of dark marble. The pillars stand very close to each other, and although they consist of diflerent angles, yet their mutual contexture is so admirably adopted, that no vacuity appears between tliem^ the inequality of the num- FOR IRELAND. i:)ers of the sides of the pillars, being most wonderfully and surprisingly compensated by the inequality of the breadth-^ and angles of those sides, so that the whole, at a distant view, display a very regular appearence, and every particular ()inar retains it own peculiar density in its sides and angles from its vertex to the base; those pillars which preserve their original confoiTnation, are at the top tough and flat, without any graving or strait lines; those which lie exposed to the action of the waves are washed smooth, while others, which seem to have their natural surfaces washed or blown away, appear some con- cave and some convex. The high bank hanging over the Causeway, on that side which lies next to it, towards the sea, appears to be generally composed of the common craggy rocks, where only a few irregular pillars are discernible on the eastern side, and some others farther north, denominated the looms or organs, stand on the side of a hill ; the centre pillars are the longest, while those placed on either side gradually diminish ; over the Causeway, the tops of some pillars peep from the sides of the hill, neither standing or lying, but sloping ; each pillar is supposed to retain the same uniformity, from top to the bottom; because every pillar, which could be accurately examined, retained an invariable configuration of its formation ; the several sides of the same pillar are, when horizontally measured, found to be of unequal lengths or breadths, and that in such pillars as are liexagonal, the broader side always subtends, or is opposite to the narrower, which descripton of geometry nature always observes in the formation of crystals* Doctor Thomas Moly* neaux observes, that every enlightened mind, delighting in inves- tigating natural })roductions, and examining the various works of the creation, cannot but be anxious to be fully and circum- stantially informed respecting this very singular and curious fossil, so admirable for its angular and regularly shaped columns, connected by a long series of exact joints in each; the neat and curious articulation of each joint into the other must create wonder and astonishment: some of the pillars are of vast height, straitness and magnitude, and display great variety as well as apcuracy in their geometrical configuration ; the sides of the columns are so compactly united, that there is not the least vacuity or space left between one pillar and the other, they are so closely connected with each other ; the rock so spacious and extensive and found in the greatest abundance in this part of the country, is of so peculiar a quality, tliat as yet nothing similar has been discovered in any other part of the world. These pecu- liarly singular characteristics render the Giant's Causeway one 534 NEW TRAVELLER'S GUIDE of the greatest wonders nature, or the First Cause of all things, hath produced ; for although nature has manifested much greater artifice, and more curious contrivance in the framing of animal bodies, and in the organization of vegetables, which were prede- signed to be more elaborate, yetinthemodellingof minerals, which lie retired more remote and concealed in the bowels of the earthy she does not appear any where to have displayed such accuracy and mechanism, as in shaping the materials of the Giant's Cause- v/av. In this massy pile, not only quadrangular, but also triangular and octangular pillars are discernible, but much more rarely to be met with, than the other figured columns ; the particular kind of stone of which the Giant's Causeway is composed, is not more remarkable for being thus materially exact in geometri- cal figures, than for being found in such plenty and vast abun- dance, in many parts of the country, to a considerable extent iu all directions ; other curious shaped stones, such as the Trochites, the Astroites, the Lapides Juditae, the Echiniaici-pellucidi, and similar fossils, wheresoever discovered, are always few in number, thinly scattered, and dispersed in small parcels ; but nature has a- massed such an immense quantity of this prodigious stone here all together, that she seems immoderately profuse in her elaborate operations ; for besides what is generally denominated the Giant's Causeway, there are various other collections of similar pillars, situated in this vicinity; as two lesser hut more imperfect and more broken Causeways, lie at some distance to the left of the great one, in a direct northerly position ; and still a little farther on, some rocks appear in the sea at low water, which seem to be composed of similar materials ; the hill situated above the Causeway and immediately adjoining it, abounds in similar columns, not perpendicularly erect, but rechning in a sloping posture : eastward of this hill, at several distances, stand various ranges of upright columns curiously disposed along the edges of the promontories; the most conspicuous of which masses, and contiguously situated to the great or Giant's Cause- way, is distinguished by the appellation of the Looms or Organs, from the stately regularity of its configuration, whose several pillars, fifty in number, may be exactly distinguished and accu- rately counted : the tallest and largest of which is at least forty feet high, consisting of forty-four distinct joints, and stands exactly in the centre of the rest, gradually decreasing in altitude on both sides, like organ pipes ; several ranges of tall pillars extend to a considerable distance along the side of a rock, about four miles eastward of the Giant's Cause- FOR IRELAND. 533 way ; three miles from Coleraine, two from Dunluce, and about a mile and a half from the sea, from the stones of which Bally- willan church is constructed ; some of the inland pillars being about two feet and an half in diameter, are much larger in dimensions than any found in the Giant's Causeway : none of the insular pillars display septagonal angles, like those discovered in the Giant's Causeway, although they promiscuous- ly and capriciously exhibit three, four, and six sides ; neither do their joints observe a similar articulation by cavities and convexities, analagous to the pillars of the Giant's Causeway ; as their upper and lower surfaces only touch in planes, united by the pressure of the superincumbent mass, easily severed by a lateral force, whose impetuosity actually exceeds the positive gravity of the resisting power ; whether such varieties of articulation constitute a positive specific difference, or may be only deemed an accidental variety between the conformation of the columns composing the Giant's Causeway, and these consti* tuting the inland pillars must be submitted to subsequent enquiries to determine ; the cavities of the uppermost joints which aie exposed to the action of the open air, on the surface pf the Causeway, afford considerable advantages to the neigh- bouring peasantry, who in the summer season, fill these natural basins so commodiously ad;>pted, by reason of their shallowness, with salt water, which in the space of about four tides is so effectually evaporated, that the residuary substance or crystaliza- tion constitutes 9, kind pf salt adequate to the consumption requisite for the necessities of plain and humble cottagers. Though the general articulation of the contiguous masses is generally composed of alternate concavities and convexities, still there are sonie figured joints discovered convex as well at the top as ^t the bottom. The vast towering height of these Ftrait cemented columns, particularly of the most slender and perfect, is extremely surprising, and deserves minute investiga- tion ; some of these extended along the Causeways are elevated thirty-two feet, and others thirty-six feet above the strand, but a few pillars situated among the organs, exceed forty- two feet in altitude ; nor has it as yet been accurately ascertained how far a similar configuration extends below the surface of the earth : this general observation is applicable to the joints of the inland pillars, as well as of those composing the Giant's Causeway, that those which are situated nearer to the earth, are taller and longer than those placed near the top of the column, although no difference is observable in the cavities or risings, as they are placed higher or lower in the same NEW traveller's guide pillar, as they continue nearly the same either in depth or protuberance from the top to the bottom, yet the summit of such columns as remain complete and entire, always terminates with a flat joint on the upper side, and is neither convex iior concave like all the rest placed beneath it : by what means these strong joints so ponderous and so bulky, of so distinct and discontinued bodies from each other, originally arrived to this vast altitude, and crowned the summits of these tall columns, ^here they are now ranged, a))pears a problem of such difR- ciilty, that in the absence of demonstration, their existence is conjectured to be coeval with the original creation of the uni- verse ; the internal substance of the stone is composed of an extraordinary hard, close, and compact, texture ; its grain is so exceedingly fine and even, that it is scarcely distinguish- able, except where the stone is newly broken, then it appears on the surface like a very minute small glistening sand, thickly interspersed with the rest of the solid mass, which is more ponde- rous in proportion to its bulk than most kinds of stones^ except such as partake of the machasite or pyrites, whose excessive gravity results from the metalline principle constituting the chief ingredient of the composition, of which quality this stone does not at all seem to participate: it appears one plain homogneous mass, wdthout any intermixture, of cochlite, belem^ nite veins of spar, or any other extraneous substance, so commonly constituting other stoney concretes ; neither are there any rays, furrows, striae, or any other description of lines discernible oa their surface, a circumstance which renders it capable of an exquisite polish ; it pre-eminently possesses the rare quality of the lapis lydius, basanus, or touch stone, so universally celebra-^ ted for shewing the various impressions made by different metals drawn gr rubbed along its surface ; this stone is natura- ly divided into small joints or pieces, and composed of so hard and compact a body, either breaking or blunting the edges of the best tools applied to cut or shape it, seems unfit for the embellishment of houses or any other architectural designs or j^tatuary devices ; its rough natural surface exposed to the open air, and heating of the weather, consists of a whitish colour, siinilar to that appearance exhibited by lime-stone rocks, but the inside, when freshly severed and disunited, displays u blackish iron grey, assimulating to the best black marble, previous to its being polished, but of a somewhat darker shade; '>\ all other respects there is little difference between the sub^ :ance of this stone and that of marble, although the com- ->,4nj! kind of marble is not of so hard and so close a body FOR IRELANCU 537 but several kinds of nia^rble in various respects difier as much from eacii other, as they do from this. Since then the stone of tiie Giant's Causeway so remarkably corresponds in hardness, colour, and substance, with the iEthiopic marble, described by Pliny, which it so nearly resembles in many of its properties that it may very aptly be referred to this well known species of fossil, and may therefore be denominated the lapis besaltes, or basaniis hibernicus; these particular qualities constitute so essential a difference from the properties of the entrochi, con- sisting of cylindrical bodies never angular, and not exceeding an inch in diameter, whose substance consists of a soft britly matter, nearly resembling the grain and texture of the lapis judaicus, ^vhich are such signal and essential charac- ters to distinguish it from the stone of the Giant's Cause- way, that nothing would be more absurd in natural history, than to reduce two minerals so vastly diffiirent to one and tlie same tribe, whereas no considerable disagreement exist'^> between the columns of the besaltes niisenus, and those of the basaltus hibernicus, but that the former consists of one entiro stone, which in the latter is divided into joints; such a distinc- tion is only sufficient to constitute a bare specific difference. A sort of marble has been discovered in the district of Hildes- heim, in Germany, which in several respects, bears a very strong analogy to the stone of the Giant's Causeway ; this marble, like that of the Giant's Causeway, when forcibly struck by any other hard substance, such as stone, or iron, emits a strong offensive scent, resembling biynt iron Tiie foregoing descriptions con- stitute the substance of the observations, made at the close of the 16th century, that it may not be deemed irrelevant to subjoin the subsequent disco vei»ies made since that period, respecting the various properties, and singular qualities of this extraordinary fossil. Doctor Richardson asserts, that the county of Antrim, with very little exception, is formed by accumulations of basalt strata, which fossil must constitute a prominent feature in the natural history of that county, and tliat no country has given rise to more fanciful theories, and wild fantastical opinions start- ed by naturalists, than the county of Antrim. An opinion once universally prevailed, and was unreservedly adopted by travel- lers prompted by curiosity to visit the Giant's Causeway, that it was a volcanic production, and that all the rocks and stones with v;hich the county abounds, were pure lava ; that the beau- tiful columnar groupes situated in the northern parts were crys- talized lava, and that at some very remote nericd, the county 3 z 538 NEW HiAVELLER's GUIDE was desolated by successive torrents of lava. This prevalent no- tion was conibatted with solid arguments, that this county ex- hibited none of these features which constitute the distinctive characteristics of volcanic productions ; the volcanic origin of basalt, supported by plausible appearances, remained for a con- siderable time unsuspected, and uncontradicted, until naturalists began to discover the insufticency of the theory, and its incom- patibility with facts in several instances, such as zeolite being discovered, imbedded in basalt over the face of the whole coun- ty of Antrim, as well as its being found in the same material in ether countries. This fossil so abundantly dispersed throughout the w^hole county of Antrim, and deemed of so much importance by na- turalists, is entitled to particular attention. Zeolite, supposed to have been first discovered by Cronstedt, obtained its name from the effervescence it makes when exposed to strong heat ; this effect results from the quantity of water it contains; it exists in the form of minute crystals composed of very delicate spicula, either diverging from, or converging towards a centre ; it is likewise fusible in a very moderate heat, as was affirmed on the authority of Cronstedt. All these distinct properties separately prove, that basalt, the substance in which zeolite is invariably found imbedded, could never have been exposed to intense heat, and finally fused like lava ; as in all basaltic countries zeolite is copiously dispersed through the masses of basalt : it is impos- sible that a substance possessed of such properties could resist the glowing heat of a liquid lava ; but the volcanic theorists, van- quished by the irresistible force of philosophic deductions, en- trenched their notions in hypothetical conjecture, by supposing that zeolite is not a volcanic production, but a subsequent re- production, formed by the decomposition of a volcanized earth, acted on by the aqueous fluid. This preposterous supposition re- quires that the extensive basaltic strata, after having been con- solidated in the process of cooling, should subsequently become decomposed, merely to introduce the formation of zeolite, and when this retrogade evolution of nature was unnecessarily effec- ted, then that these identical strata should, by some occult operation, be completely restored to the solid state in which tJiey at present exist. Without entering into minute description respecting the various wild conjectures hazarded by naturalists on the subject of zeolite, and its introduction into basalt, it is only necessary to specify some particulars by which this fossil may be distinguished whm met with. The basalts are frequent- FOR IRFXAND. 5SD iy very full of small white spots about the size of a pea, which are zeolite; a sharp eye or a common microscope will accurately discern its crystaline forms, and delicate spicuia, which possess singular electric properties, and when mingfed with strong acids, assume a gelatatinous form. This zeolite generally resides in the coarser varieties of basalt with which the comity of Antrim abounds. As the district scarcely affords any gravel, the roads are generally repaired with broken basalt, but the portion most generally intermingled with zeolite is preferred by the workmen, because most easily dissevered, although not composed of aa equally durable quality. The red ochreous strata, which constitute such conspicuous figures in the faces of many precipices, are urged as existing testimonies of a volcanic creation ; they occasionally vary from the extent of an inch to above twenty feet in thickness, and are disposed in uniform regularity ; but Doctor Richardson unans- werably proves, that these various oclireous substances are no- thing but trapp, or basalt, only differing in the quality of the grain they actually possess, and occasionally exhibit ; his reason- ing will justify the assertion, and flash conviction on every in- dividual not predisposed to adhere to a generally received notion, whimivically asserted, and pertenaciously adhered to, because universally and inconsiderately adopted ; his reasonin.g will constitute his best comment, which is so forcibly convincing, that even scepticism mmt be puzzled how to demur against arguments so cogently conclusive. Btx^^ause this cchreous sul;- stance in its natural situation is found in every intermediate state, between sound blue basalt, and ochre, red as minium, and that the transition from one extreme to the other, is by shades ab- solutely indescernible. These ochres, as well as other basalts, oc- casionally contain the same extraneous matters, namely zeolites and calcedonies, which are similarly dispersed through both, and that the natural arrangement of basalt, and the different varie- ties of ochre compose an extensive strata of uniform thickness, and steady parallelism, mixing and alternating with each other. Respecting the supposition, whether the change from basalt to ochre was effected by the action of heat, the Doctor's reasons against the probability of such a transition are perspicuously decisive from the impossibility of heat being uniformly applied to strata of different dimensions and various thicknesses, some of which often extend more than a mile, whose veiiL< and rami- fications are often composed of sound basalt and ochre mixed ; 540 NE^r tjiaveller's guide no violent or unifo-m heat could be partial!} applied to bodies thus disposed, besides the zeolites abundantlv dispersed tlirough the ochres, coidd not sustain the intense degree of heat requisite to effect the change, although the action of fire lias a wonderfid effect in changi'rig the colour of many bodies, and among the rest of giving a reddish tint to bacalt composing the wails of kelp kilns, but a very slight inspection discovers the difierence between ochres, and calcined basalt. The existence of human life is too limited to make the neces- sary observations, whether the intermediate stages between basalt and ochre, are progressively advancing to a more ochre- ous state, or whethier the original cause, which produced the change has ceased to act, leaving these strata for ever to con- tinue in their present apparent condition : many of the strata about Cave Hill, appear in this intermediate state, exhibiting different shades of liver colour, which has occasioned them to be mistaken for porphyry. The strata at Bengore-head assumes a more decisive character, being composed ot sound basalt, and perfect ochre, while the facade which extends irom the Giant's Causeway to Port Rush, and Port Stewart, displays every variety of sound basalts, liver coloured, and pure ochre ; the strata of pure ochre in this direction are very thin. The strata which are generally composed of neat pillars, rarely become ochreous or contain zeolite. The natural properties of these singular natural curiosities^ being thus summarily scetched, and the different causes assigned for their original, being briefiy detailed ; it now remains to suggest, how the curious visitor may pursue the most pleasing access to the different positions, where the most prominent cariosites nre situated; which consist first of basalt arranged in beautiful colontides, whose pillars are composed of prismatic joints, executed w ith extreme neatness. Second, whyn dykes consisting of stupendous walls, which issue from the interior of Antrim, diverging in various directions, and bury themselves into the sea. Third, basaltic hummocks generally stratified, which are of all magnitudes, from the Gi- gantic mountain to the most diminitive hillock, scattered over the entire extent of the county of Antrim, Fourth, the arrange- ment and alterations of the strata so happily disclosed, as to assist a more accurate penetration into the secrets of nature, than could be developed in any other country. The individual proposing to visit the Giant's Causeway, must determine to fix his temporary residence, either at Coleraine or Cushmills;^ in which choice he v/ill be influenced by the nature ron IRELAND. fn the accoiriinodation o-fTordcd iit the commcncerriGnt of liIs visit. Bushmills troni its proximity to tliD most important object, is the more preferable station, should its ciccommodation corres- pond with its other local advantages. The circle comprehending the curious objects contained between the Bush and the Ban, remains the same, whencesoever it is first encountered, suppose from Coleraine. The visitor proceeding due east for a mile and a half, is to turn to the left, at nearly a right angle by the j'oad to Ballylagan : here ckxse to the road, just opposite to th^ viiia, there is a quarry or opening of the stratum, where the cavities still retain fresh water ; proceeding then due north tck Ballywellan cluirch, the bold ridge of hill on the right hand, displays the columnar and prismatic edges of the parallel strata, by whose accumulation it is formed. At the distance of half a mile, due east from the church, the beautiful facade of Craiga- Jiuller, is situated about two hundred yards from the road on the right hand. This colonnade is composed of pillars nearly approaching tlie Giant's Causeway, in the neatness of their structure. It is composed of two stratas, the lower is columnar, the upper tier consists of that variety of Biisalt generally de- nominated irregular prismatic. The grain of the basalt in each stratum is precisely the same, the principle of their construction is totally different, the columnar is formed into large articulated pillars always vertical, the other consists of small unarticulated prisms, having their axes indifferently projecting in all directions: on the west side, they incline in a great angle to the west, and on the east side, they slope towards the cast, as at Craigahullcr, nor are they always even rectifincal, but frequently undulate u% wavy curves. Notwithstanding such important difierencesa these strata preserve a very correct line of demarcation, and in the transition from one stratum to another, the continuous soli- dity of the sub^tnnce is never interrupted, as appears from cracks passing directly from one stratum deep into another. These strata which are perfectly solid, have been actually scpa^rated by a sul>senuent operntion, from the dilatation or contraction occasioiied by different degrees of l)eat nnd cold. The irregular prismatic, generally remain perfectly s\)lid, and that the colum- nar strata were originally equally compact, may be deduced from two strong circumstances : iirst the hollows on the surface of the Giant's Causev»^:\y hold water without leakiiig ; and secondly, the pillars at Fair Head are so firmly united, as not to be severed by a fall of two ])undn?d feet elevation. This alternation of strata, so conspicuously displayed oa this facade 542 NEW ITtAVE-LLER's GUIDE of Craigaluiller, and so general throughout the coast of An- trim, constitutes the universal arrangement of basaltic configura- tion all over the world, although hitherto unnoticed ; a circum- stance which accurately considered, subverts all the visionary theories framed concerning their original formation. The Cas- tle of Dunluce so singularly situated, affords no curiosities to attract the naturahst's particula? attention. On the entire road to Ballintray the construction of the hills on the right, is displayed by the frequent bassetting of the prismatic and columnar strata alternating, as at Craigahuller. From the hill above Ballentray, the ridge of Croaghmore is discernible at about the distance of five miles. Immediately below the bridge of Bushmills, the arrangement of the strata is unfolded for inspection, the piers of the bridge rest on the polygonal heads of columnar stratum, and the w^ater rushes through an opening- in the two strata. At about the distance of fifty yards, on the western bank of the x-iver, there stands a facade composed of two strata, resembling those of Craigaliuller, but not of so neat a structure; the small pillars of the irregular prismatic are vertical, as at Dun mull at the northern extremity of the range ; the complete solidity of the whole mass is ascertained by cracks, the great pillars of the lower stratum passing into the smaller perpendicular prisms of the upper, in like manner as an uplifted hand separates two fingers. The Hummock of Dunmull lies about half a mile more to the west, and about a quarter of a mile north from the road ; its gigantic prisms are deficient in neatness, but have the basaltic character indelibly impressed upon them. The delightful little peninsula of Portrush is equidistant from Coleraine and Bush- mills, being distant five miles from each. The opposite sides of this peninsula exhibit a very striking contrast ; the western side displays a magnificent range of rude massive columns about eighty feet high, to the total exclusion of strata. The eastern side is composed of an accumulation of diminutive strata, to the entire exclusion of pillars. The white rocks situated about a mile eastward of Portrush, are very well worth examining. Here a beautiful calcareous facade extends to the distance of about half a mile, capriciously hollowed into a vast number of magnificent caves, all differing in magnitude from each other. Neither the ba- saUic nor calcareous rocks extending alongthe sea coast receivethe slightest impression from the most violent and continued breach of the sea, and are only acted on by attrition, when the waves sweep away loose stones or other moveable materials in the ra-r FOR IRELAND. 543 pidity of tlieir career ; the water, however violently agitated, is perfectly harmless. The Giant's Causeway, and tlie magnificent promontory of Bengore, are the next objects which recjuire minute inspection and patient investigation. The surface of the Giant's Cause- Wiiy has been very appropriately compared to an honey comb, each being composed of polygons, whose spaces are completely filled by the bases of pribHis. The bee, from instinctive rntithe- matical accuracy, foreseeing that the three angles of an hexagon fill space, constructs the comb of regular hexagonal prisms. lu the formation of the Giant's Causeway, this limitation is dispen- sed with, and the general principle almost uniformly adopted is, that where the converging angles exactly make four right angles, space is filled ; hence then it follows, that although the Giant's Causeway be not limited to the hexagonal or any other figure, and although their angles vary in magnitude, notwith- standing, by making the unequal angles meeting in a point, amount to three hundred and sixty degrees, the space is com- pletely filled, as appears by the hollows on the surface holding water. In the facades of Bengore, where the strata are inclined to the horizon, the pillars are vertical, so that their attitude is measured by a plumb line. The basaltic columns so mate- rially differ in the neatness of execution, as instantaneously transposed from the highest finish, until they become quite a morphous, yet the same stratum generally preserves nearly the same degree of perfection or imperfection through the entire range of its extent. The contiguous strata passing into each other, without interrupting the continuity of the material, to- tally differ in the perfection of their pillars. Thus the beautiful upper range at Pleskin, and through the bay of Portmoon, wherever sufficient room is left for another stratum, always pas- ses into a stratum of rude, massive, and short pillars, so ill exe- cuted, as sometimes to become nearly amorphous. Here the fossils, through every change of the material, and in every al- teration, whether of an assumed form, or of the stone itself pas- sing into another of a different species, the change is always in- stantaneous and never gradual. The spectator being conveniently stationed to view the whole facade of Bengore in front, will be particularly attracted by the regular ascent of the strata in the various positions where they respectively emerge from the sea, until they culminate in the middle point of the promontry ; or else that position may be se- lected where the strata hav« ritt-Hined the greatest elevation. KEW TRAVELLEIl's GUIDE whence tlicy regularly slope on both sides, until they successive* ly sink beneath the surface of the water. The next jiarticular that attracts peculiar notice, is the re- gular curve line bounding the suriace of the facade, although the portions of the strata are not affected by this irregularity^ Hs the hollows are formed by indentures of dilFerent depths, cut through the steady masses of the strata, and :hat the more ele- vated portions are formed by the av^cnmulation of new strata, having their planes steadily parallel to all the rest of the perma- ]ient strata, whose perpendicular section coiiLtilutes tl^e superb facades of Bengore. The seventh is composed of verj' neat pillars, each fifty-four feet long ; this likewise forms the upper range at Pleskin, and exhibits the most beautifiil colonades in the entije range of this district. This seventh stratum just emerges at Portmoon, gra- dually ascending along the face of the precipice, until it reach- es a delightful convex facade contiguous to the northern point, where its apex ascends to the immense elevation of three hun- dred and sixty-four feet ; thence it is carried away, and is again resumed at Pleskin at about six feet higher, and is no more lost; hence it gradually sinks, until it reaches the hill above the Cau- seway, whence the system terminates. The eight stratum composed of irregular prismatic, is fifty- four feet thick, it immero:es near Portmoon, where it appears h.alf over, half under the water ; it ascends, culminates and dips si- railarly to the superincumbent layers, until it reaches its ter- mination, auvd about thirty feet above the Giant's Causeway, con- stitutes the intersection of the pkme of the nintli stratum, com- posed of very neat piHars about forty-four feet high ; it emerges nearly about Portmoon, where its surface forms the bases of two islands, Beanyn, and Diiana, it then ascends, disphiyi!>g nice colonades along the facade, occasionally disclosed through the perpendicularity of the rock; afterwards it culminate*; at the northern point where the colonade above is lost. 1 he bases of its pillars are here elevated above two hundred and forty feet above the surfoce of the sea. In western direction, it occa- sionally dips, until it ultimately reaches tlie sea at the Giant's Causeway. At the two intersections of t!)is stratum with the plane of the sea, the prisms and pillars are precisely similar ; the span of the intermediate arch is about two miles in extent, and its greatest elevation is about two hundred and eighty feet. The tenth stratum on which the base of the Giant's Causeway rests, is Ochrcous, and displays a very conspicuous appearance FOR IRELAND. 545 along the entire range of the promontory being as red as brick. The immersion and emersion of this stratum are lost, through the insufficiency of an exact perpendicularity to disclose them. The remaining six strata are composed of tabular basalt, vvhicli emerge successively from the nortkern extremity of I^ortnioon, and conjointly immerge on the opposite side of the bay from the Giant's Causeway, whence they may be distinctly viewed. The promontory of Bengore being accurately explored, the investigation should be eastwardly pursued along this most en- chanting coast, where no particularly distinctive object occurs between Dunseverish and Ballintray : here a boat ought to be pre-engaged, in order that the highly diversified scenery, and the delightful facades the coast exhibits in the intervening space to Bailycastle may be the more distinctly inspected. The rocky Island of Carrickarade, contiguous to the main land, displays a solitary specimen of unstratified columnar ba- salt : here is a delightful cave about thirty feet high, seemingly formed by the removal of the lower part of each cokunn ; it is pervious to a boat for a considerable distance, not however with- out some terror caused by the impending columns seemingly suspended without any visible support. Across tlie dreadful chasm which separates the island from the main land, a totter- ing rope bridge is stretched ; the nerves of the individual who ventures to pass over it, must be better strung than the crazy materials of w4iich this passage seem to be braced or united : here the facade on the east side changing from a solid mass, the configu- ration of columnar and ochrerous basalt is three hundred and fif- ty feet high. Beyond this, the re-appearance of white lime stone facades, exhibits a most magnificent spectacle from the mouth of the cave; proceeding eastward towards ICenbaan, the irregu- lar prominences perpendicularly erected betw een the foot of the precipice and the sea, appear bolder and sharper than these situated below Bengore; that they are not ruins or severed frag- ments, which have originally fallen from the summits of the cliffs, but are detached parts of the primitive rock standing where they had been formed, is confirmed by their stratification corresponding with that of the original facade. Kenbaan is a delightful little peninsula like Dunluce ; it w^as selected as a secure residence, from the difficulty and narrow^- ness of its approach, and consequent solidity of its defence : here the junction of the basalt and the lime stone instantaneously combine without interrupting the solidity of the whole mass. The row^ along the coast, displays its beauty as far as Bailycas- tle, which the curious visitor should select as a station, whence he may make three very interestingexpeditions; — first, totheisland 4 A 546 NEW TRAVELLER'S GUlDfi of Rathlin, where the arrangement of the materials, and thedispo- Fition of the strata are more decidedly marked than on the main land, being less deranged from their horizontal positions, here the lime-stone crosses through the centre of the island, without rising much above the level of the sea. The precipices ranged along the coast on the northern face of the island, particularly about Ken Truan, are more terrific than any others on the coast, being four hundred and fifty feet high, without any pro« jecting base, as on the shore of the main land. At Ken Truan, they directly immerge into deep water. The second expedition recommended to be undertaken, is to coast round Fair Head to Murlough, thence to return by land to Ballycastle ; the columnar range of Fair Head is the most magnificent basaltic facade yet discovered ; its pillars are two hundred and fifty feet each, these gigantic columns are of cu- rious construction, each of them being composed of an accumu- lation of smaller pillars nearly resembling these shafts which adorn the Gothic architecture of cathedrals ; this construction is not m.erely apparent and superficial in the columns at Fair Head, for when broken across, the section exhibits the polygo- nal bases of the component pillars. The tides along this coast run so very violently, as to render it impossible to stem them, and the ebb returning to the westward, and meeting this heavy swell returning from the ocean, causes so tremendous a rolling, as renders sailing extremely dangerous. This peril is easily avoided by setting out from Ballycastle with the flood tide, and rowing along the coast to enjoy the stupendous scenery, then to land at Murlogh, and return by the summit at the precipice, where the path leads down to the collieries, which can be lei- surely examined, the coasting portion of the expedition being quickly executed by the rapidity of the tide. A tour to Knock is the third excursion which may be under- taken from this station of Ballycastle, whence a good road leads to the valley of Glenshisk, where a breach or opening affords an opportunity of tracing the mode in which nature has arranged its schistoze fossil, in so different a manner, from the modifi- cation of basalt and lime stone, the only fossils hitherto met with. The schistus is disposed in angles rarely varying much from sixty degrees, while basalt, lime stone, and the freestone strata situated about the collieries, generally run from about seven to ten degrees. At the valley of Glenshisk, the road turns to the west, and leads through the Glyn between Knocklaid and Boliul Bregagh to Ardmoy ; within a quarter of a mile of this yjllage, the basalt begins to appear among the field stones, but FOR IKELAND, 54? the actual line of demarcation on a change of material is rarely discoverable. The mountain opposite to Bohul Bregagh is com- posed of stratified sand stone through its whole circuit. Knock- laid is situated on the right. Another curiosity denominated whyn dykes, peculiar to the county of Antrim in this kingdom, and to the discovery of which, the world is indebted to the researches of the learned and sa- gacious Doctor Richardson, remains to be described. These curious walls, have in Scotland, obtained the name of dykes from their often serving as fences, and the material of which they consist in the Gaelic language, signifies basalt. Antrim appears to be the native country of whyn dykes, its whole coast from Portrush to Belfast being crossed by them ; they are very common in the Orkneys and Hebrides ; they are aleo found to exist in different quarters of the world, as discovered subse- quently to the luminous description of their configuration ex- plained in a memoir written by this ingenious and Reverend Doctor, and inserted in the transactions of the Royal Irish Aca- demy. As these most extraordinary productions attrcict public curiosity, and have excited general investigation, it is necessary to examine the singular construction of these gigantic walls, situ- ated in the vicinity of the Giant's Causeway, for which purpose, the visitor should secure a boat to await him, either at Ballin- tray, or Portnabaw, being the safest boat harbours through the entire range of this wild and boisterous coast, and should the weather permit, an opportunity will be given of viewing these magnificent colonades to infinitely more advantage, than by peeping from the summits of the projecting points at the oppo- site sides of the great amphitheatre. Should the turbulence of the circumjacent ocean however preclude the possibility of selecting this advantageous position,-— The next most favourable point for examination to be chosen, is Port Cooan, where a magnificent cave, accessible by land on the west side, and opening through the rock with awful gran- deur towards the north, may be safely surveyed ; a boat can row into it at all times of the tide for a considerable distance,, but the most singular object of curiosity, which must attract particular attention, is a solitary pyramidical rock s tuated iii this little bay. . This bold elevated mass, consists of stratified basalt, to which the ruins of a very beautiful whyn dyke are at- tached on the eastern side, separated into distinct compartmento, each exhibiting its peculiarly characteristic construction by ho- rizontal prisms, in more distinctive characters than in any other dyke ranged along tlie coast, or dipping into the sea. On the S4S NEW TRAVELLEU'S GUIDE eastern side of the bold rocky promontory perforated by the cave, are the remains of another dyke forming the side of tlie little boat harbour at Port na Baw; most of these wliyn dykes are composed of horizontal prisms, snb-divisible into smaller prisms, also horizontal; the neatness of the different prisms va- ries in different dykes. In some dykes, the construction of the component prisms is singularly neat, while the constituent prisms remain very imperfect; in others, the constituent prisms are ac- curately finished, while the component ones are only rudely sket- ched. The Giant's Causeway is cut through by two dykes, one of which only appears in two spots, cutting down from the sum- mit of the precepice, then lost, but afterwards becomes dis- cernible underneath among the prisms. The second dyke is only visible at the point where the Causeway seems to issue from the foot of the precipice. This dyke, so critically situated in so accessible a spot, has escaped the observation of all pre- ceding investigations, until discovered by the penetrating saga- city of Dr. Richardson, Tfiis dyke seems to be similarly con- structed to the constituent prisms of the Port na Baw dyke. In the bay called Port Naffer, bounded by the Giant's Causes way on the west, three whyn dykes range through the preci- pice from the summit, and plunge into the sea across the beach ; here an opportunity is offered of examining the surface of these dykes ; where they are level with the beach, not any two of these dykes exactly resemble each other in all the particulari- ties of their configuration. The dyke at Ravinvalley forms the eastern point of the crescent, of which the Giant's Causeway con- stitutes the western boundary. This dyke runs three hundred and twenty feet from the vertex of the precipice to the water, whence only it is accessible, and where its continuous solidity with the main rock through Mhich it pursues its vertical course is discernible ; after plunging into the water, it again emerges at about the distance of twenty yards from the precipice, and displays the horizontal construction of its prisms. The next dyke is situated in the contiguous bay of Port na Spagna ; this dyke is about twelve feet broad, and cuts down from the summit of the precipice, displaying its horizontal prisms contrasted with the vertical pillars of the perpendicular facade through the extent of about one hundred and eighty feet; this dyke is buried under the rubble scattered about the base of the facade, but it again re-ap})ears at the beadi, where it darts into the sea. The component prisms of this dyke are between lour and five feet in diameter, while the constituent ones are no rvjore than an inch : tlie hardness of the stone where washed by FOR IRELAifD. 549 the sea is extraordinary, and hardly separable by the Ixeaviest ledges. There is another dyke situated near the beautiful village of Seaport; these dykes gradually pass from the greatest to the mi- nutest size. The great dyke westward of Belfast, is about ten yards wide. The dyke near Ballycastle, called the great Gaw, is very wide, whilst those more westv/ardly situated, run from six to twelve feet. The dyke at the head of the Giant's Cause- way, when fairly explored, is nearly twenty feet wide, whilst the contiguous one is scarcely three. The dyke at Portrush is about seventeen inches wide. The very curious dyke situated at the Horse Shoe Harbour under Pleskin, scarcely exceeds three inches, but in that small space, it exhibits different materials ; tlie centre consists of red jaspar, while the sides are composed of basalt, much finer in grain than the strata they cut through. For a more copious de- scription of these most singular operations of nature, and the causes assigned for their extraordinary configuration, consult Dr. Richardson's luminous arguments, inserted in the appendix of the Reverend Mr. Dubordieu's elaborate Statistical Survey of the County of Antrim. In a selection of this description, it is hoped enough has been said to direct the curious and intelli- gent visitor to the various situations of these stupendously su- blime objects, unrivaled in the grandeur and magnificence of their construction by iiny other natural curiosity as yet disco- vered in any quarter of the universe. It only remains to observe, that every shire or county in this island, returns two members to the Imperial Parliament, in whose election the ragged peasant, possessed of a mud built hovel, and a scanty potatoe garden, if he can produce a lease of a certain description, specifying that he is worth forty shillings annual yearly profit, (frequently fabricated for this vile pur- pose) has as ample a vote as the wealthiest private gentleman possessed of the greatest fee simple estate. Thus county elec- tions are frequently decided by the preponderating numerical superiority of the rabble, who for electioneering traffic, are induced by their landlords, whose abject vassals they actually are, to tamper with their conscience for political purposes; the principle of conscientious compunction being thus effectually sapped, this contamination will be uniformly displayed, wherever the private views of the individual thus corrupted, can be for- warded at the expence of conscience; this is a crying political as well as moral evil, which requires to be extinguished by legi- slative interference, as it constitutes an exliaustles source of na- 550 NEW traveller's GUIDE tional depravity and immoral degradation. Substantial private property, acquired by industry, or possessed by inheritance, should alone be invested with the elective franchise, which cir- cumstance only can render such a privilege respectable, and purged from perjury ; besides the prospect of being enrolled a member among respectable freeholders, would operate as an additional incentive to industrious individuals, honestly to aquire that competency requisite to entitle them to such a distinction. Much might be said, but it is hoped a hint is sufficient. By the term right and left uniformly adhered to in describing all the roads diverging from the capital in all their diversified ra- mifications, the traveller is supposed as setting out from the city ; which plan has been adopted for the sake of perspicuity, and uniformity; a method it is hoped, which will prevent any embar- rassment or perplexity. FOR UlELilND. 551 A Table of Fairs held in every month of the year in this County. Flaces where held. Antrim, . . ' . Crumlin, . 1st Mon, Dervock .... Armoy Bernice, 1st Thursday o.s. Ballyclare, Last Tues* Connor .... Crumlin, . 15/ Mo?i Larg-eymore, 2d Mon, Park gate . . Bernice, . 15/ Thurday after Candlemas^ O.S- Clough . Cushendall Dunloy Lough Gill Dervock Armov Crumlin Cushendall Bush Mills Toome . Armoy 1st Mon, Time. Jan. 1 12 25 Feb. 1 8 14 15 19 23 25 March, 17 28 28 29 Crumlin . I5/ Mon. Clough, Faster Mon. Dervock .... Stranocum Bally castle, Easter Tues. Connor ApriL 16 20 May. 1 Flaces where held, Crumlin, • I5/ Mon, Ballymoney . . . Parkgate .... Ballinderry, 2d Mon Templepatrick Carrickfergus . Antrim Cushendall Glenavy Dunloy . , • Ballinure . . Dervock Mosside Drimbar CarnmoneVj 1st Tues. Old Stile Roughfort, . Sd Tues, O. S. Armoy Portglenone Bally cl are, 2d Tues. O.S. Ballycastle, Last Tues Glenarm Clough . . . Crumlin, • Ballintoy . Aboghil . Drumadoou Parkgate, . Oldstone Broughshane Loughgill . Ballycarry . Dervock-race Bush Mills 15/ Mon 2d Mon, S52 NEW traveller's GUIDE Places where held. Time* J?m e. Craij^billy 26 Cushendail 29 July. Moiinlhill . 1 \st Man. Shane castle 3 Ballimoney 10 Templepatrick 10 Randalstown 16 Lisburn 21 Mosskle • 9 * • 21 Balyclarcj . 2d Tues, O.S, Balimena 26 Ballycastie 26 Ballinagobog Bridge 26 31 August* Antrim 1 Crumlia 1st Mon. Connor 2 Clougli 5 Parkgate 7 Ballinderrv, 2d Mon. Belfast . " . 12 Dervock 12 Cushendail 14* Dunloy 15 16 Loughgill . - 19 Balh carry • 20 Craigbiily 21 Bush Mills 24 Aho^rhil 26 Ballycastie, LaU Tues, Sept. Broughshanc 1 Crumlin, . 1st Mon, Places where held, Ballinure . . . Ballintoy . . , Cushendail Mounthill .... 1 Crumlin, , l5^ Mon, Lisburn . ... 5 Ballimoney . . . 6 Shanes castle • . . 8 Ahofyhil . ... 8 Ballintoy .... 14 Ballimena . . . . 21 Bush Mills . . . 21 Ballinure 2d Tues. 0. S. 01d^5tone .... 22 Dervock .... 27 Connor .... 28 Templepatrick iith Tues. 0. s. Glen arm .... 29 Glenavy .... 29 Ballicarry .... 21 Ballicastle, Last Tues. N»v. Carrickfergus 1 Randalstown . . . 1 Crumlin, .1st Mon. Ballinderry. . 2d Mon. Ballicarry, . 2d Mo?i. Parkgate .... 4 Belfast 8 Ciough ..... 8 Antrim 2 Armoy ..... 2 Dunluce .... 2 Cushendail . . . 14 Dunloy .... 15 Ilasharkin . . . 16 Tullamore . . . 17 TOR IRELAND. 553 Flaces wk §rs held* Loughgill . . . Mosside • . , Drumadoou Carnmonej', 1st Tues. O. S. Ralulare, 2d Tues. O. S. Roughfort, , 3d Tues> O. S. Bally castle, Last Tues Flaces where held. Larne Crumlin, Toome . Ahogliill . Clough Bush Mills Cushendall Armoy Stranowea I St Man. LIST OF THE ^aitCoacJes; in girelann ; THEIR TIMES OF DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL, &C. &C. ROYAL MAIL-COACH OFFICE. 12j Dawson- Street. CORK MAIL-COACH Sets out a quarter before Eight o'Clock every nigbt, pas-* sing through Naas, Kilcullen, Castledermot, Carlow, Leighliu Bridge, Royal Oak, Kilkenny, Clonmel, Clogheen, Ferraoy, and arrives at Cork at half-past Nine the following night. A Coach sets out from Cork every niglu at half-past Seven o'clock, passing through the forementioned stages, and arrives in Dublin at Nine o'clock the following night. The Cork Day Mail-Coach sets out from No. 12, Dawson- Street, a quarter before One in the afternoon, passing through Naas, Kilcullen, Athy, Stradbally, Abbylaix, Durrow, Littleton, Cashel, Cahir, Mitchel'stown, Fermoy ; and arrives at Cork at half-past Two the following day. A Coach starts from Cork every day at One o'clock, passing through the same stages, and arrives at Dublin at Three o'clock the following afternoon. On the arrival of the Cork Mid-day Coach from Dublin at Cahir, a Mail starts at Six o'cl )ck in the morning through Clonmel for Waterford. A Coach returns from Waterford at Two o'clock in the after- noon, and arrives at Cahir at Nine at Night to meet the Dublin bound JNlid-day Mail-coach from Cork. MAIL COAQilES. 553 THE KILKENNY DAY COACH Starts every morning at Seven o'clock from No. 12, Dawson- Street, passing through Naas, Kilcullen^ Castledermot, Carlo\v, Leighlin Bridge, Royal Oak, and arrives at Kilkenny to dinner. A Coach leaves Kilkenny every morning, running a similar route, and arrives at Dublin to dinner. A Mail-coach starts from Cork for Killarney at Six o'clock every morning, passing through M icroome and Mill-street, and arrives at Killarney at l ive o'clock in the evening. THE LIMERICK MAIL-COACH Starts from 46, Dawson-Street, at a quarter before Eight o'clock every night passing through Niias, Kildare, Monas- tereven, Maryborough, Montrath, Burris, Roscrea, Nenj^, and arrives at Limerick at Three in the afternoon. At half past Three, a Coach proceeds from Limerick to Ennis, and returns in the morning to breakfast, at Limerick. A mail-coach starts every morning from Limerick at Six o'clock, passing through Croome, Doneraile, Charleville, Mallow, and arrives at Cork before dinner ; another Mail-coach starts from Limerick at Six o'clock, every morning passing through BrufF, Castleoliver, Fermoy, and arrives at Cork before dinner ; this Coach proceeds rjext morning through Macroome, Mill-street, and Killarney to THE LIMEUICK DAY COACH Starts from the same office at half past Seven o'clock every morning, halts for the night at Mountrath, and arrives next day at Limerick at Four o'clock, THE GAL WAY MAIL-COACH Starts from this office at a quarter before Eight every night, passing through Leixlip, Maynooth, Clonard, Kinne- gad, Kilbegan, Moat, Athlone, Ballinasloe, Loughrea, and arrives at Galway at Five o'clock in the afternoon. On the arrival of this mail at Ballinasloe at half-past Ten in the morning, a lateral Mail-coach is dispatched for \¥estport, through Tuam, S56 MAIL-COACHES. Hollymount, and Castlebar, and returns from these places at Ballinasloe at Three o^clock, to meet the mail for Dublin. THE SLIGO MAIL-COACH Starts from this office at a quarter before Eight every eTeningj passing through Leixlip, Maynooth, Clonard, Kinnegad, Mul- lingar, Rathowen, Edgeworths-town, Longford, Roosky-bridge, Drumsna, Carrick on Shannon, Boyle, CoUoony, and arrives at Sligo at Five o'clock in the afternoon ; on the arrival of the Mail at Colloony, a coach starts for Ballina and arrives next day in sufficient time to meet the Dublin mail. THE ATHBOY COACH Starts from this office at Nine o'clock in the morniiig, oil Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and arrives at Athboy at half-past two ; it returns at the same hour on Tuesdays, Thurs- days, and Saturdays, arriving in Dublin at half past two o'clock, THE ATHLONE COACH Starts from this office at Six o' Clock in the Morning, on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Fridays, passing through Leixlip, May- nooth, Carberry, Edenderry, Philipstown, Tullamore, Clara- moat, and arrives at Athlone at Six o'clock in the evening; it returns at the same hours, and by the same road, on Mondays Wednesdays, and Saturdays. THE CASTLEPOLLARD COACH Starts from this office at Eight o'clock on the mornings of Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, passing through Trim, Athboy, Castletown-delvin, and arrives at Castlepollard at four o'clock; whence, a Dihgence immediately proceeds to Granard, and returns to Castlepollard at Nine o'clock the next morning; a Coach starts from Castlepollard, on Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, arriving at Dubhn, at Five o'clock on these eve-^ wings. MAIL-COACHES. > THI MONAGHAN COACH Stakts from this office at Ten minutes before Six, On the inornings of Mondav, Wednesday, and Friday, passing through Droo'heda, CoUen Ardee, Carrickmacross, and Castleblanej^, and returning by the same stages, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays; it arrives in Dublin at Six o'clock in the evening. This Coach receives and drops passengers at FarreFs Hotels Dominick-Street. THE MULLINGAR DAY COACH Starts from this office every morning at Ten o'clock, arrives at Mullingar before dinner. A coach leaves Mullingar every mornino[ at Six o'clock, and arrives in Dublin at Two in the afternoon, THE PARSONSTOWN COACH* The Parsonstow^n Coach starts from this office at Six o'clock, on the mornings of Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, passing through Naas, Kildare, IVlonastereven, Portarlington, and Mountmellick ; arrives at Parsonstov^n at half-past Six in the evening, and returns on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, by the aame stages, and at the same hou] s. THE WEXFORD MAIL COACH Starts every evening at a quarter before Eight o'clock, from the office, No. 41, Exchequer-Street, passing through Bray, Arklow, Gorey, Ferns, Eniscorthy, and Wexford. THE ARKLOW COACH Starts from this office at Eight o'clock, on the mornings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, arrives at Arklovv at Five o'clock in the evening, and leaves Arklow at Seven o'clock, on the mornings of Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, arriving in Dublin at Four o'clock in the evening. S5S MAIL-COACHES. THE NOKTHERX MAIL COACH Starts every evening at Forty minutes after Seven o'clack, from the office, 97, CapeUStreet, passing through Balbriggan, Drogheda, Dunleer, Castlebelhngham, Dundalk, Ncnvry, Ban- bridge, Dromore, Hillsborough, Lishurn, Belfast, and Donagh- adee, between which tovvn and Port-Patrick, regular Packets are established, which immediately sail on the arrival of the ziiail at either place. ENNISKILLEN MAIL COACH Starts from this ofSce every evening at Forty minutes after Seven o^clock, passing through Dunshaughlin, Navan, Keils, Virginia, Cavan, Newtown-Butler, Lineskea, Maguire's-^ Bridge* and thence to Enniskillen. THE CAVAN C0ACI5 Starts from this office at Six o'clock, on the morning? of Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, passing through Navan and Kells, and returns, at the same hours, on Mondays, Wednes- days, and Fridays. THE CQOTEHILL COACH Starts from this office at Six o'clock, on the mornings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and returns by the same rout, at the same hours, on Tuesday, 'J hursday, and Friday, and arrives at both destinations at Five o'clock in the evening, A Coach starts from this office for Ki:lls, every Sunday morning at Ten o'clock, KILLESHANDRA MAIL COACH Starts from this office at Six o'clock, on the mornings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, passing through Dunshaugh- lin, Navan, Kells, Old-castle, St. Nugent, Ballynaught, Cross- doncy ; arrives at Killeshandra at Seven o'clock in the evening, and returns on the mornings of Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur- day, by the same stages, and at similar hours. MAIL-COACHES. 559 LONDONDERRY MAIL COACH Starts at lialf-past Seven o'clock, every evening, from Gos- son's Hotel, No. 6, Bolton-Street, passino- through Balbriggan, Drogheda, Collon, Ardec, Carrickmacross, Castleblaney, Mo- naghan, Aughnacloy, Oniagh, Strabane, and Deny* THE NEWRY DAY COACH Starts from this Hotel at Six o'clock, and another at halt- past Seven, every morning, both passing through Balbriggan, Drogheda, Dunleer, Castlebellingham, Dundalk, and Newry, and proceed from thence with the Mail through Market-hill^ Armagh, and Moy, to Dungannon. DROGHEDA COAGHJES Start from this Hotel every day, one at Eight o'clock in the morning, and another at One o'clock in the afternoon. THE ENNISEILLEN AND KILLESHANDRA COACH Starts from this Hotel at Six o'clock, on the mornings of Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday, passing through Athboy-, Clonmelion, 01d-castle> Mountnugent, Killeshandra, to Ennis- killen, and returns by the same stages on Tuesdays^ Thursdays^ and Saturdays^ at similar hours. THE DROGHEDA MAIL COACH Starts from No. 2, Bolton-Street, at half-past Seven o'clock every morning, and a Coach returns each day. THE WATERFORD MAIL COACH Starts at a quarter before E^'ght o'clock every evening, from the Moira Hotel, New Sack ville- Street, passing through Naas, KilcuUen, Timolin, Carlow, Gowran, Thoma^town, and Wa« terford. — A Mail Coach runs daily from Kilkenny to Watt^rford, sm MAir.«COACH£S. THE E^NESCORTHY COACH Starts from this Hotel on the mornifigs of Tuesday, Thurs- diy, and Saturday, passing through Blessington, Baltinglass, Tallow, and Newtown -bar ry, and returns on Sundays, Wed- nesdays, and Fridays, by the same stages, and at similar hours. A Mail Coach starts every day from the Mail Coach 0{Fice, Waterford, for Passages, the New Packet station, to South Wales and West of England. A Coach starts from Newross to Dublin, on the mornings of Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. THE WELLINGTON COACH Starts from Wexford to Dublin on the mornings of Wed- nesday, Friday, and Sunday ;— both these Coaches return th(^ alternate days from the Moira Hotel, Sack ville- Street. BLACK ROCK AND DUNLEARY COACHES Start from No. 133 Baggot street, from the first of Novem- ber, on week-days, one at Nine o'clock in the morning, one at half-past Four in the afternoon, and one at Eight in the Even- ing, and leave Dunleary at Nine, and half-past Ten, in the morning, and at Seven in the Evening, on week-days. On Sun- days, they start from Dublin at Nine in the morning. Twelve, Two, and half-past Four in the afternoon, and leave Dunleary at Nine and Eleven in the morning, at Three in the afternoon, and at half-past Seven in the evening. From the first of May they start from Dublin on week-days, at half-past Eight in the morning, Twelve at noon, half-past Four in the afternoon, and at Eight in the evening. Coaches return from Dunleary on week-days at half-past Eight and Ten in the morning. Two at noon, and at half-past Seven in the evening; on Sundays, coaches run between Dublin and Dunleary every Second hour from half-past Eight in the morning tp half-past Eight in the after- noon, from May to November, PASSAGE BOATS- THE CORK AND DUBLIN COACH Starts from No. 12 Dawson-strect, at Seven o'clock on tlie mornings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, jjassiug tlirouoh Carlow, Kilkenny, and Clonmel, halts at Kilkenny for the night, and arrives at Cork the second evening. A coacli runs from Cork on the same days, passing througli the same rout, and observing similar regulations. The coach from Cashel starts from RyaPs hotel, during the winter season, commencing the 21st of October, at half- past Nine o'clock on the mornings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, passing through Littleton, Urlingford, Johnstown, Durrow, Abbeylaix, Stradbally, and arrives at Athy at half-past Six, where it remaiji^ for the night, and starts next morning at One o'clock. A coacli starts from No. 12 Dawson-street on the same days, passing through the same rout, and at similar hours, only that it rests for the night at Abbeylaix : during the summer season, the coacli starts from Ryal's hotel at Six o'clock in the mornings of Mon- day, Wednesday, aiad Friday, and arrives at Dublin at Nine o'clock at night. This coach starts from No. 12 Dawson-street, on the mornings of Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, and ob- serves similar regulations. ROYAL CANAL PASSAGE BOATS. A boat starts from the Broad-Stone harbour every morning at the hour of Eight o'clock, and arrives ^t Mullingar at E'ght o'clock in the evening; a boat departs from Mullingar at Eight o'clock every morning, and arrives at Diiblin at Eight o'clock every morning. GRAND CANAL PASSAGE BOATS, Two passage boats depart from Portabello harbour, Dublin ; one starts at Seven o'clock in the morning for Athy and TuUa- more ; another starts for Shannon harbour at Two in the after- noon ; Two boats arrive at Dublin, one from Shannon harbour at Twenty minutes past Seven in the morning, and the second from Athy and TuUymore, arrives Ten minutes after Eight o'clock in the evening. 4C ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE #0gt %oton^ in 3xtlmn. tVith their distance from Dublin^ and respective Hates of Postage^ as issued from the General Post Office^ Dublin^ August^ 1814, or POST TOWNS, Distance. 1 Rate of Pest POST TOWNS. ( 1 Distance. Rate of Post M» F. d. 31. F. d. Abbelaix, . . . 58 1 8 Bailyborougb, 43 0 6 Adair, * , . 102 0 10 Balbriggan, . . Ballaghaderin, 15 4 3 Ahascragh, . . 78 2 9 97 7 10 Antrim, . . . 92 0 9 Ballibay, . . . 58 0 8 Ardee, . . * . 34 4 5 Ballina, . . . 142 2 11 Arklow, . . . 36 0 6 Ballinakill, , . 61 1 8 Armagh, . . . 63 5 8 Ballinasloe, . . 71 6 9 Arthurstown, 76 3 9 Ballincollig, . . 128 0 11 Arva, .... 69 1 9 Ballinrobe, . • 113 5 10 Askeaton, . . 108 0 10 Ballyboy, • • Ballycastle, . . 58 6 8 Athboy, . . . 31 0 5 140 6 11 Athenry, . . . 96 5 10 Balliclare, c . . 92 ^ 9 Athlone, . . . 59 0 8 Ballyconnel, . . Ballvgawley, . . 67 4 9 Athy, .... 41 1 6 75 1 Aughnacloy, . . 71 7 9|Ballyglass, , . , 113 6 10 Aughrim, . « ] 75 4 9 Ballyhaunis, . . 99 4 10 1 1 Ballymahon, . ^ 55 7 564^ jPOST TOWNS IN IRELAND. POST TOWNS. mce. Rate of Postage. POST TOWNS. d i OB o Dist£ Dist£ Rate c j M. F. d. M. F. d. Ballymenagh, 103 4 10 Camolin, . , » 51 0 7 84 7 9 Cappoquin, . » 122 7 11 Ballynionev, • 117 6 10 Carlingford, . ^ 51 7 Bally rnorc, • 57 4 8 darlnw- V-'tH. AW '"5 • • • 39 0 6 Bally mote, • • 94 4 9 Cam J .... 132 6 11 Bally nacargy, 46 6 Carnevv, . • . 46 7 7 Balivnahiiiclij • 74 0 9 Carrickfergus, . 88 1 9 Ballyiiamorc, • • 82 2 9 Carrickm across, . 44 0 6 Bally raggett, • 60 0 8 Carrick on Shannon 77 Q 9 103 o 10 (^n rrirlc-on-Sinr- 92 1 9 Till] Vf OTP 28 a \j 5 l! ;i ^li pil TV i cf 51 n 82 9 128 11 I QQnpl . • • • 96 o 10 Baiting lass J . • 40 1 6 Oastlebar, • • 123 1 11 L-'CtilCl^JICl , • « 86 1 9 C!n V^ClOC* " ^AAC*XI, • . 65 0 8 Biirrosolei^^bj . 76 5 9 Cavan, . . . 54 0 7 130 4 11 C^ypl nriu (TP 11 0 3 132 u 11 C^Ji'Trlpvillp 119 1 10 C^nUlntool V- 6 0 2 Church-hill 90 9 Caherciveen, 207 0 6 Clara, .... 48 4 7 1 6 Clare, .... 117 0 10 Caledon, . . 72 4 9 Clogheen, . , 91 7 9 Callai), .... 1 65 3 9 'Clogh^, . . . 86 1 9 POST TOWNS IN IRELAND. 565 Distance. istage. Distance. to s POST TOWNS. Rate of Pc POST TOWNS. "o M. F. d. M. F. 145 1 11 Dundalk, . , . 40 5 \^l(Jlld.l Uj • • • 26 0 51 Dunfanaghy, 132 2 donasli^j • • • 47 2 7iDimgannon, • , 74 1 Q (Jlonegalj • • 53 2 7jDungarvan, . . 97 5 V/1U1JC») • • • • 2 Dungiven, . . 142 1 11 loiinicij • • • 81 6 9 Dunleer, . . . 30 4 Clough, • • iJ 9 Dunmanway, 149 5 1 1 1 1. Cloughjordaiij • 70 2 9 Dunmore, . . . 103 5 1 o i. \J Cloyne, • • • . 138 1 11 Dunshaughlin, 14 0 v^oieniii^ • • • 7 7 Durrow, . . . 64 4 o Colerain, 124 2 11 Edenderry, . . 32 2 v-/Oiion, « • • 29 \j 5 Edgevvorthstown, 52 1 7 J Collooney, 98 6 10 Elphin, ... 80 0 Q Cookstown, • 8.5 0 9 Enio, .... 34 i~^r>^^4-i~t\-k 111 i^ooteniiij 52 7 7 Em y vale, . . . 70 0 L/Ork, . • • • 122 6 11 Ennis, .... 112 7 CoVGj . • • • 130 5 11 Enniscorthy, 60 1 o Croomc, • • • 105 0 10 Enniskillen, . . 81 6 Q I UdlliUllllcl^ • • 148 11 Ennistimon, . . 125 3 1 1 Crossdoney, • 58 3 8 Eyrecourt, . . . 81 1 o Criimlin, . • 89 Q 9 Farbane, . . . 56 - 7 a Cumber, . • • 88 1 9 Fermoy, . . . 106 0 i V/ Curofin, • • 118 0 10 Ferns, .... 54 0 I jjeal castle, • • 145 5 11 Fethard, . . . 79 3 Q Derry, • . . . 113 yj 10 Fethard, Tip. . 88 4 Q 13ervockj • • « 121 4 11 Fintona, . . . 93 ^ Q Dingle, • . • . 169 4 12 Five-Mile-Town, 81 1 ri y iyOIlagliaUtCj • 96 2 10 Florence-court, . 88 3 Q XvUilcgdJj • • • 114 0 10 Flurrybridge, 45 4 Doneraile, • . 129 1 11 Forkhill, . . : 45 3 / Downpatrick, • . 74 0 9 Foxford, . . . 134 3 1 1 Drogheda, • . 23 5 4 Frenchpark, . . 91 5 o V Dromahair, . • 112 6 10 Freshford, . . 64 6 Q o Dromorej • , • 66 C 9 Galway, ... 104 5 10 Dromore West, • 130 6 1 Garvagb, . . 119 5 10 Drumsna, , , 72 6 9 Gilford, . , 61 0 8 Dunamanagh, . 107 10 [Glamvortli, • . 106 5 10 5Q6 POST TOWNS IN IRELAND. POST TOWNS. Distance. Rate of Postage. POST TOWNS. Distance. 1 O -:09 455 Ballinalack, .... 461 179 Aughnacloy, .... 71 455 115" 587 Aughygallan, : ... 71 518 Ballylongford, .... 128 505 Bailieborough, . , . 43 422 Ballyconnel, .... 67i 421 I3albriggari, .... 15 1 40 Baliysidare, .... lool 410 Ballaghaderin, , , . „ a 89i 595 Bally Patrick, 76"" 250 78" 549 Ballymena, 951 525 Ballinlough, .... 89 1 549 964 252 Oallinamore, .... 741 45| 572 Ballvciimber, .... 5ll 150 178 Ball'yhack, 91 89 791 378 Ballymore Eustace, 1'^ 60 i D 570 NAMES. Miles, Page. NAMES. Miles, ] Page. 1 1204 396 Caltragh, • , 79 . 372 Ballyculleii Castle, 52 152 Calwally, 78 503 Bally James Duff 418 Callahill, 71J 428 Ballykelly, .... 125t 480 Callen, .... 65| 104 Ballynahinch, . • . 74* 505 Cahier, . . . ^ 85 V 258 Baiiynure, 90} 528 Cahirconlish, . IOOt 275 Ballyragget, . ... 49 96 Cahermorres, . 113^ 379 44^ 141 Canal Passage Boats, 56 X Ballyshantioii, . . , loU 465 Cappoquin, 97 V 216 28 112 Carrick-on-Suir, 7--r 251 Ballywalter, .... 89 509 Carnew, , , 4^". 70 Ballaghy, . ... 97, 395 • Carrick- on- Shannon, 78 402 974 92^ 408 Carrigan Castle, 67 403 Ballaghv, . 4St5 Carriclini across, 42{. 444 Ball's Bridge, .... ik 353 CrUTigaus, . 110 470 Ball, 1074- 90 ; Carlow, 39 149 Balruddeiy, . • . . 14^ 40 Carlingford, 51 199 Baltinglass, . ... 26$ t-70 Carrickfergus, 88 529 I08 14G ; ■l^u -Cc^.-.Je, , , 98-; 528 Banagher, . . , . , 66 529 1 CcJ-t'eweiian, , 65 507 Banbridge, .... 60i 201 1 CastlGshane, . 66, 447 1374 538 Castle Blaney, • 51; 446 90 04 1 Castle Caids\ell, 94' 435 80| 287 Castlebar, , 119^ 1 388 lft'4i Z41 Castle Biakeney, 80| 372 54^ 386 Castierea, 84^ ; 34a Beianagar, 81 451 Cast iemai lie, . . , 152.' 312 6ii 421 eastie Island, 135;^ ; 310 97 i 435 Castle Lyons, 111 . 228 Belcoo, 881: 433 t Castlcmartyr, . , 118^ , 225 Belfast, ... 80 27 Castiebellingham, • 34i ' 196 6 135 Castle Pollard, ... 49 181 Bennet's Bridge, . • . 57 101 Castletown Dclvin, , 35^ ; 18Q l>irr or Parsonstown, . . 63i 132 Castle Carberry, , 25i 1 121 Black Rock, .... 4 53 Castlederniut, , 54 ' 115 Black Lion, . ... 19 458 Castlecomer, 45 1 Black Lion Inn, 84} 418 Castlekriock, 44 Black- Water Town, . . 661 128-1 290 jCastlefin, 107 468 Blarney, 233 ; Castletown, 48J Ml Blessington, .... 14 368 jCa^hel, t 76i 255 84i 352 Ca^h,' .... 91i 435 15 58 Cavan, 54 419 110 391 Celbridgc, . . • H i Broadford, 954 2 97 , Charleiiiount, • 68i 490 Broughshanc, 95" 525 Charleviile, 108 230 I5rooksboro, .- ... 73' 436 Cliapelizod, 46 Brufl; 279 'Chapel Midway, 7 42 Burrosakean, , . . 81 ; 266 1 Church Hill, . . 884 434 Burros in Ossory, 141 ; Clara 48i; 12? Burrisilb'qrh, .... 78i 268 lady, , . • . I07ii: 479 Buck- House Inn, 47> 178 Clare, «... 103 389 Butler's Bridge, , 57 420 1 Clare, .... UH 29S ii.n 230 1 Clare Galway, 108 i 154 379 Bush Mills, .... 116 521 iClainc, Calcdon, I 70i 457 iciashmorc, I 104 215 INDEX. 571 NAMES. Miles, Page. ^ NAMES. Miles, Page. Clontarf, H 55 1 1 Drummote, 674 401 Cloonee, « 7 44 jDrumkerin, 1004 402 Clonegal, 47i 199 ■ j Drumahaire, 102i 403 Cloncurry, 184 121 1 ' Dunfiinaghy, ! 152-^ 470 Cloghaii, 62 129 'iDungiven, . . . 99 479 Clonegowen, 40i 131 j Dungannon, 724 457 donee, 7 162 Dunmore, 9l| 377 Cionard, 26 167 jDunmanway, 151 241 Cloyne, 125-1 225 iDungarvan, 100 211 Cloiiakilty, 146 239 Dunleer, 200 Clonmel, 81| 250 Dundalk, 40i 197 X^loglieen, 93i 252 Dunshauglilin, 14 162 Clones, 6li 443 Dule-k, 201 156 Clogher, Clogh, .... 76-1 453 Dunkerrin, 631 133 69 507 Durrow, 52 106 Cioiiojh, 99i 523 Duncormack, 87 Clonegal, . : 47J 149 Dunlavin, 22 70 Coagh, . . , Coal Island, 82 459 'Dunleary, H 54 744 458 'Dundrum, . • . ^4 51 Cole Hill, 51 186 Duiidrum, 68 510 Coleraine, 109| 4- 481 Dunglo, 1581 468 Coloony, 99 409 iDuncannon Fort, 92 89 Cork, .... 124 J 234 lEdenderry, , • Edgeworthstown, 29 126 Collon, 29| 201 52| 187 Coolock, 5 37 Elphin, 75i 351 Cookestown, 81| 458 Emyvale, 66| 446 Coote Hill, . 52J 422 Enniscorthy, , 60 79 Coolnakenny, 118 284 Enniskerry, , 10 65 Croghwell Bridge, Crossdony, 92 365 Enniskillen, • 79f 431 56 416 Ennis, 112i 7l| 296 Crusheen, 106 296 Eyrecourt, 361 Crosskeys, 57 165 Farebane, . , 57 130 Cruralin, 3 48 Fermoy, I07i 227 Cumber, . , 84 506 Ferry Bank, 74 103 Daly's Bridge, • 46i 416 Ferns, 54 78 Dargle, . • 12" 65 i Fethard, - 78: 254 Dawson's Bridge, • . 90 483 Fentona, 454 Dervock, 1 521 Finglass, 42 Desart Martin, 88 481 Fintown, ... 125j! 463 Dingle, 166 308 Finae, . . • 49^' 181 Donaghadee, 944 505 Fox ford, 112^1 395 Donegal, • 111 4«5 Forkhill, 45-f' 49^ Doileraile, 113 230 iFraukford, --Hi 128 Doagh, 90 528 iFreshford, . . 64 1 105 Donnybrook, 2 52 1 French Park, 85 1 351 Donough, 671 429 ;Gahvay, 102i' 369 Douglas Bridge, 97i 455 , Garrison^ , 102 I 434 Donaghmore, 75i 458 GaiTah, iOO^i 481 D own [)at rick, 74 507 Giant's Causeway, 118 531 Dromore, 66 501 Glassnevin, 0 41 Drum, . , . . ^^4 443 Glandelough, .... 94 67 Dromaleague, 156 241 jGlenmire, or Glemncre. . 120 228 Drogheda, 192 IGlenarm, IO4I 525 Drumcondra, 2 38 .Glen Inn, 154-1^ 470 Drumsna, ; 401 j Glynn, , 121*1 1287 572 NAMES. [ Miles ^ Page, « , Golden, sH 259 Gorey, • 75 Gorten, 99| 458 Gowran, 52 97 Gort, .... 99| 565 Gortahurk, . * . 158| 470 Grange, . ... 29| 195 Granard, 52 189 Grey Abbey, . . . 89 509 Guilford^ 501 Hacketstowai, • 52 148 Kamilton's Bawn, 60i 491 Headford, 103 576 Hillsborough, Hollywood, 69i 502 84h 505 Holy Cross, 262 Howth, n 56 Hollymount, 1054 587 Jamestown, • . • 73i 402 Iniskeane, 144i 240 Inistioge, 63 100 Innishonan, . ♦ 1541 257 Innistymon, 1184 294 Jonesborougb, 45$ 492 Jonnstown, (Kildare) 13 110 Johnstown, (Kildare) 21 121 Johnstown, 60 106 Keady, : 58J 487 Kells, 89 222 Kells, 64 104 Kells, 36i 166 Kenagh^ 56$ 186 Kilconnel, 78| 566 KilciiUen, 20 112 Kilcool, 16 59 Kildoreny, 107 229 Kilalla, 127 596 Kilternan, • 7 52 Kilmacow, 714 105 Kilmaganny, ' 67 104 Kildare, • 24$ 117 Kilberry, • 27 161 KiliTiacthomas, • 85 J 210 Kilmallock, 1074 280 Kilfenora, * 116" 294 liilmuri-y, . • 129/; 295 Kiimacteighe, • • 1124 408 Kilniore, 57" i 419 fCilnish, 142 295 Kilkeele, 65 512 Kilkerran, 851- 577 Killeshandra, 60$ 416 Mijlaloe, • 864 i!98 Killarney, . . • ]43| 511 Klia^bee, 61 187 NAMES. Miles, Page. Killenaule, . • 724 255 Killiny, 8 55 Killoughter, 20 61 Killough, 75| 511 Killwater, ♦ 95$ 528 Killybegs, . 125$ 467 Killygordon, 110 486 Killyleagh, 80 508 Kinsale, 156 257 Kilworth, 104$ 226 Kilbeggan, 44$ 172 Kinnegad, 294 171 Kilkenny, . . 57 97 Kilcock, 14h 120 Knocktoplier, 65 102 Kircubbin, 86 509 Kinmare, 1554 515 King's Court, 58$ 425 Kilrea, 102 485 Lakes of Killarney, 144$ 517 Lanesborough, 62h 185 Larne, 974 550 Leixlip, . • 8 119 Leighlin Bridge, 45 151 Leitrim, 81 402 Letterkenny, 1154 469 LifFord, 1024 468 Limerick, 94 275 Lismore, Listowel, 1004 217 151$ 504 Lisnevskea, • 70$ 450 Lisnarick, 004 455 Lisburne, . • 75 526 Longford- Pass, 654 254 Louth Town, ^ 59 200 Longford, Loughrea, 584 188 88 561 Lough- Erne, Londonderry, 456 115 477 Laugh- Gall, 66 492 Loughbrickland, Lough- Guile, 58$ 500 105 525 Lusk, 11 59 Lucan, H 46 Lurgan, 674 495 Lurgan-Boy, . • 96 403 Lurgan- (jreen, 574 196 Magherally, 62 501 Magherafelt, 88 485 IMaghera, 92 481 Maguire's Bridge, 72$ 430 Macroom, . : 142$ 233 Mail Coaches, 554 Malahide, 64 37 Mwllovv, 1184 251 index; 57t NAMES. Miles, , Page. NAMES. \Miles. Page. Manor Cunningham, 471 Newcastle, 36f 161 Man of War, 12' 40 Newcastle, 75i 513 Marino, . • 2 ^ 35 Newcastle, (Limerick) 114 284 Maynooth, 120 Newmark, 142 232 MarylSoroiigh, 40 140 Newport, 86 26^> Manor Hamilton, 944 403 Newport- Pratt, 123| 591 Mawhan, . ; 56% 491 New- Ross, 67 82 Market Hill, 58i 491 Newry, . . • 504 499 Maheraghlin, 67j 501 Nobber, 334 161 Menlough, 372, 0'Brien*s Bridge, 87 298 Miltown, 51 Old Castle, 414 181 Mill of Loutli, 203 Old Merrion, . • 3 55 Middleton, 122 225 Old Ross, 63 82 Michelstown, 102| 2';i9 Old Leighlin. 48 151 Mill Street, 136| 233 Omagh, 864 454 Miltown, (Kerry) 152^ 312 Oranmore, • • loU 566 Minola, 109 J 391 Oughterard, il9| 381 Middleton, 63J 487 Palmerstown, 4 46 Monaghan, 62i 445 Passage, (Watei'fdrd Co.) 80i 209 Monevea, 89^^ 373 Passages, (Cork County) 130| 336 Mount Tall)Ot, 76i 348 Pass- it- you- can, 5i 52 Moat-a- Grenegue, 52 173 Philipstown, . « Portadown, • 384 127 Moynalty, 166 654 493 Mountmellick, 42| 143 Portaferry, 8O4 509 Mountrath, 46-1 141 Portglenone, • • 97i 520 Monastereven, 30 118 Portarlington, Portumna, F 36| 145 Moira, . « 69i 502 74i 559 Money more, « 481 Portnorris, • 55 492 Mount Charles, 114 466 Pomeroy, . • . 8O4 458 Mount Bellew Bridge, . 85i 372 Post Town^;, 56^ Mullah edart, 44 Prosperous, , 11 115 MuUinavat, 78 102 Racondra, , • 44| 17'_i MuUingar, • 344 175 1 Raheney, . . • 4 35 Muff Cross, 111^ 479 ! Raholp, 77 509 Mutf, 120-1 480 Randal stown. 88 520 Naas, 15| 110 ; Raphoe, , 107 469 Naul, 14 41 Rasharkan, 101 520 Navan, 26 160 Rathangan, 28 11^ Naren, . . • 1364 467 Rathbride, 27 117 Narrow- Water, 49 510 Rathcormick, • 111 22» Nenagh, . . . 15 266 Rathdrimi, 25| 66 Newtown- Ardes, 874 504 Rathfarnham, 4.9 Newtown- Bellew, 87$ 372 Rathfryland, 51 i 50« Newtown- Barry, 47 79 Rathmelton, • 470 Newtown- Breda, 78 503 Rathmiues, 49 Newtown- Butler, 654 429 [ Rathcool, 47 Newtown- Cunningham, 1224 471 Rathkeal, 108 283 Newtown- Forhes, 61 189 Ratoath, ]n 159 Newtown- Glens, I09i 525 iRed Cross, 65 Newtown- Hamilton, 55 488 iRich Hill, 6^^ 492 Newtown- Lime vaddy, 106i5- 480 Rosenallis, . • 44A 144 N Town Mount- Kennedy, 17" 61 'Roscrea, , • • 39| 265 Newtown- Stewajt, 94h 455 Roscommon, 69i; 547 New Buildiiigs, 110^ 477 i Roslrevor, 574 512 INDEX, NAMES. Miles. — — Page. NAMES. Miles. Page* 240 Tara Hill, 19 , 162 Royal Oak, 47 151 [Tarbret, 124 303 Hush, • • 13 59 i Tanderagee, • 495 iiusky Bridge, 66\ 401 'Tarmonbarry Bridge, 64h 187 Kiitland, 139 468 j Templemore, 75h 266 Salntiield, 78 506 i Tempo, 76.| 436 Saint Johnstown, I08i 470 ; Teeny, • . . 104 479 Saint Johnstown, 58i 190 1 Templepatrick, 78 523 Saint Doloiighs, 4.V 57 Thomastown, • 58 100 Saint Margarets, 4 42 iThurles, 70h 261 Sandyfort, 51 ^Timahoe, 42h 138 Santry, 5 38 ; Timolin, 29^ 113 Shannon Bridge, 65 130 j 1 Tinehaiey, 41 68 Shanagolden, • . 114 287 jTintern, 85 89 Shercock, 44j 423 jlTipperary Town, 86| 260 Shaltagan Bridge, 150-J 468 • Tobbercurrj, , • I05h 408 Six- Mile- Bridge, ' • 298 1 Tobberdoiiny, , , 104 363 Silver- Mines, 77 264 i Toomavara, 69h 264 Six- Mile- Bridge, 102 278 '.Tralee, I44h 306 Skerries, 17 40 jTramore, 80h 210 Skibbereen, 161| 240 .Trim, 22h 164' Skryne, . • • 19^ 160 'Tabermore, • 90h 481 Sligo, : 1034 410 jTuam, 93 374 iSlane, . • 24i 158 iTulsk, 75h| 350 Spancell Hill, 107^ 297 ;Tullamore, 46 127 Stradford, on Slaney, 26J 70 iTulla, 102 297 Strand House, (Curragh) 22 111 iTuUyhog, 79 458 Sfradbaliy, 139 Tullow, 38 148 Strokestovra, 70| 350 Turvey, 9 39 Strabane, 101| 455 ^ ITyrril's-Pass, 40 172 Stewartstown, 77 559 ; Tynan, **- . 65h 487 Stranorlane, 112^ 468 ■ Urlingtbrd, 62 106 Stiangford, 80 509 ; Virginia, 40h 418 Straid, 89h 528 1 Warrens- Point, , 55h 512 Swadlinbar, • 74h 418 jWarringstown, 66i 501 Swalleragh, 9G| 481 1 Wattle Bridge, 62h 429 Swineford, 103 595 jWaterford, 74h 206 Swoi'ds, 7 39 ;Westport, 115|: 393 Taiilimon, 82 84 Wexford, . . 66h 84 Tailagh, 5 48 Wicklow, . . , 24 61 TalJagh, I04h 218 Youghali , . , 108 223 V (