\no>. e> -3 (a^>\t> Return this book on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates https://archive.org/details/socialevilinkansOOjohn fHE SOCIAL EVIL IN KANSAS CITY By FRED. R. JOHNSON, Superintendent of the Research Bureau of the Board of Public Welfare. The following study of the Social Evil was made in the early spring of 1911 under the direction of Rev. Theodore Hanson. All of the statistical tables used have been compiled by him. He was assisted by Rev. Frank Johnston and Dr. C. B. Miller, well known local pastors, as well as by a number of investigators from the Board of Public Welfare. He had the cordial assistance of Chief of Police, W. E. Griffin. This investigation included only the houses of ill fame on the police fine list. No survey was made in this connection of the room¬ ing and lodging house evil, nor did time permit any detailed study of allied problems such as street soliciting, the relation of the saloon to the bawdy house, the local activities of procurers, etc. The work done was of an intensive rather than an extensive character and no attempt was made to cover so broad a field as that covered by the Chicago Vice Commission. The data published were secured by interviewing the mesdames and inmates of the houses of prostitution themselves. For this reason no claim is made that all of the information secured is ab¬ solutely authentic. But considerable effort was exercised to have all interviews of a personal character, and a greater willingness to co-operate was found than had been anticipated. Particularly was this true of the more intelligent of the inmates, who met the in¬ quiry in the same spirit in which it was pursued. The City’s Policy. No settled policy either of suppression or of segregation of the Social Evil has been adopted by Kansas City. Ordinances on the subject conflict. Some of them would recognize the scourge while others would eliminate it. Meanwhile it has enjoyed a semi-legal standing. The keepers of resorts are each month brought into court and “fined” for plying their trade. The “fine” is considered as more or less of a joke by the proprietors and virtually amounts to a license. It serves not to deter but rather to make them re¬ double their efforts to make up the additional costs which this part¬ nership with the city imposes. T 16 — 2 - No Restricted Area in Kansas City. Two centers of the red light district, with no well defined limits, are found in the city. One is in the North End, and the other on the South Side. Some of the most notorious dives of both sections are found on the main thoroughfares of the city. This is particularly true of the South Side, with a number of the worst resorts of the municipality existing on Main street with its numerous car lines. Present Extent of Open Prostitvition. It is from the fine lists, the houses where the evil is openly tolerated, that the following study has been made. Unquestionably there are a large number of places in the city of the same character as those on the fine list, but the exact extent of this evil has not been determined. That these exist is amply evidenced by the fre¬ quent raids by the police upon resorts some of which are located in the finest residence sections. A study of the bawdy houses from municipal court records made by Rev. Frank Johnston for the month of January, 1911, showed the following results: 1. In the North District, 78 houses were on the fine list, the fines assessed for the month amounting to $1,374.00. 2. In the South District, 69 houses paid fines amounting to $1,334.50. During this period 24 fines were assessed in this dis¬ trict for street walking, amounting to $485.00, and three fines for soliciting, making $75.00. Combining the above figures, we find that there were 147 bawdy houses which paid a fine of $2,708.50, the fines fon street walking and soliciting bringing this up to $3,268.50 for the month of January. If this amount were to hold good for each one of the twelve months of the year, the revenue to the city from this traffic annually would approximate $40,000. Number of Public Prostitutes. The investigation of the inmates themselves was made three months later. This revealed 99 white houses and 22 colored houses of prostitution with 460 and 94 inmates respectively, making a total of 121 bawdy houses and 554 inmates. The discrepancy between this and the 147 houses on the police records in January is mainly accounted for by assignation houses, i. e., those where no girls are kept, but which are placed on the fine list because they rent rooms for immoral purposes. The tables appended to this discussion in no' instance account for the total number of 554 individuals. This is due to a number of causes. In a few cases certain of the occupants of the houses ^0-3^ \"p Vi (o T s were absent at the time of the investigation, a number of others refused information in regard to parts of the schedules, and, in some cases, the data secured were so untrustworthy as to be rejected. Character of Bawdy Houses and Inmates. The conditions in the bawdy houses themselves were very varied. A few were equipped with expensive furniture and furnish¬ ings including the finest of upholstered chairs, well chosen paintings anc costly lugs, while a large number of others were hovels of repulsive squaJor. The girls have been recruited from all walks ot life. They come from homes of past wealth and social stand¬ ing as well as from the ranks of the poor and uneducated They vary from those still laying claims to some refinement and culture to the lowest types of human depravity. Those of the better type are continually slipping to lower levels. There is a gradual shift¬ ing from higher to lower priced houses as the influence of a vicious tu r , ei ? 1 oves ^e personal charms which once may have existed, the table regarding educational advantages demonstrates that the inmates vary from the almost illiterate girl to the college graduate. Character of Patrons. N° class of society is exempted from this prevalent evil. Patrons come from all stations of life. Leading business and pro- essional men men lionized in society and church members of emi¬ nent respectability, place themselves on the same level with the lowest hoodlum of the street. The only difference is that the in- tluence of the former is more vicious in luring a better class of girls not married 6 " Th f e lnfa ^ y ' Marn , ed m f n a PP ear to outnumber those not married. The mesdames explain that this is due to a desire for secrecy, as younger men do not fear being seen on our thorough- fares in company with street walkers and solicitors. Upon visits*to Sat e the°v we 7 “7^°" WaS ° ften ^P^ssed by ^proprietors that they were ministering to an imperative demand of society and \' c , re ! l T ef ° re essential ' The y likewise believed that all men in¬ dulged their passions and that none were virtuous. Popular belief ILSyz."!*' 1 " is ^ .he , , a fev ) exc cptions the negro houses entertained the white hrouTwhh Vey anC many ° f theSC girIs had met t,leir downfall tnrougn white men. A consideration of the statistical tables appended will reveal some interesting deductions. to win reveal Social State of Inmates. It is evident from Table I that a very large number of the -a 35440 — 4 - prostitutes were married. The percentage for the white element was 56 per cent and for the total number amounted to 54.7 per cent. Marriage was frequently contracted after a life of shame had been begun. But, as a rule, marriage preceded the entry upon open de¬ bauchery. At times it was but a subterfuge by means of which a new victim was added. Husbands not infrequently aided and abetted the downfall of their wives. A number of cases were dis¬ covered where the men were thus supported, their wives making a living for both by commercializing their bodies. Most commonly, however, the downfall immediately followed the death or divorce from the husband. Destitution, as a result of this changed social state, was generally a contributing factor. Nativity of Prostitutes. The table dealing with the place of birth, Table II, conclusively proves that a very small proportion, in fact less than 3 per cent, were of foreign birth. We find the explanation of this in the comparative numerical unimportance in Kansas City and surrounding territory of the foreign element. The Social Evil in^ Kansas City is essen¬ tially a native American problem. Boarding and Rooming House Life as a Cause. Table III is significant. Out of 313 white girls able to state definitely where they were staying at the time of the first act, no less than 152, or more than 48 per cent, traced it to a period when they were living in a rooming or boarding house. At this point it is well to remember that although the boarding and lodging house population is large, when both country and city from which these girls are drawn is considered, those staying in private homes far out¬ number others. Consequently when 152 out of 313 went astray while in boarding or rooming houses, these places are responsible for much more than their proportionate quota. The promiscuous intermingling of sexes without proper super¬ vision and the lack of a proper place in which to receive callers are largely responsible. A recent investigation by the Board of Public Welfare of one of the chief lodging house districts of the city showed that out of 411 lodging houses, only 111, or less than 30 per cent, had a parlor where guests might be received. When young girls away from home and freed from any restraining in¬ fluence must meet young men either in the street or in their bed¬ rooms, the first step towards lower moral standards is taken and others may quickly follow. Or, worse yet, if men with no moral standards room at the same place, making common use of house facilities, with no prescribed rules of conduct, it is almost inevitable that damage will result if the girl be ignorant and inexperienced. -5 — This table as well as Table IV also shows the responsibility of the home. Good home training naturally is the strongest factor which can be found in keeping a young girl or boy pure. Con¬ versely, if home surroundings and influences be detrimental, and if proper instruction in sex hygiene be neglected, due to a false sense of modesty, unfortunate results will follow. Occupations as Sources of Supply. The relative importance of occupations as sources of supply is shown by Table V. Girls working in restaurants and hotels con¬ tribute the largest number, or 30 per cent. This is an undue pro¬ portion and yet what might be expected from the nature of this work. The constant contact with all types of men presents the strongest temptations. Undue familiarities must be borne whether they be welcome or not, as otherwise the patronage of the employer might suffer. Next in importance is the number recruited from the ranks of domestic service. This furnishes 70 per cent of the colored in¬ mates. Clerks come next, followed by factory and laundry opera¬ tors. Again it must be remembered that these figures express little unless the relative importance of different occupations be considered. Thus, although 51 of the white girls were domestics, this is not near¬ ly so large a fraction of the total number of domestic servants as the 13 telephone operators are of the total number of telephone girls. Low Wages a Cause. Table VI, showing the wages received by the girls in their oc¬ cupations prior to the present one, is truly startling. Out of a total of 300 definitely able to state what these were, 154 or 51 per cent received less than $6.00 per week. Here we may find a ready expla¬ nation of Lavinia Dock’s statment that “All medical and social ex¬ perts who have studied this problem agree that prostitution is a disease of poverty.” (Hygiene and Morality, p. 156.) Here we may observe the interrelation of causes. Perhaps not any girl of strong moral character and proper home-training will fall simply because of her economic condition. But if she be deficient in will power, if she has not had the proper home-training, or if she be weak in some other respect, she may become a ready victim if temptation be put in her way while earning a bare living wage or less. The girl staying at home can readily keep on working for four dollars a week, but to the girl away from home, totally dependent on her own efforts, it will mean either starvation or shame unless better paid work can be secured. It has been conclusively proved that $7.00 per week is the lowest to afford decent subsistence for a woman. Some authorities — 6 — would place this at $9.00. it has also been conclusively proved, and necessarily follows, that industries paying not more than $4.00, $5.00 or even $6.00 per week to competent women employees are in reality parasitic and a grave menace to the American home. Ages of Prostitutes. Table VII dealing with ages will not be intelligible unless an ordinance of the city be borne in mind which provides that no woman under 17 shall be tolerated in any bawdy house. This rule is rigidly enforced, and its results are very evident. A number of mesdames keep only girls of 22 or over to avoid any possible conflict with the law. Solicitation on Streets. This ordinance has a curious and shocking effect due to the tol¬ eration of street soliciting. Younger girls walk the streets in viola¬ tion of ordinances forbidding the practice. Then when the age of 17 or 18 is reached, or later, they are graduated into the house of ill fame. This system provides these resorts with a continual stream of recruits. Years in Prostitution. It has been customary to believe that a prostitute’s life as such will not exceed three or four years. Recent investigations repudiate this theory and so does Table V. Thirty-one per cent declared they had led such a life for five or more years, while 5 per cent had been inmates double that time. However, there is a rapid decrease in the number after the six year period is reached. First Steps Towards Downfall. A striking similiarity is found in Tables VIII and IX showing age of leaving home and age when the first act was committed. Fifty-eight per cent left home before or during the seventeenth year, while 55 per cent were guilty of the first open immorality at the same age. For the 20 year period the percentage is the same in both cases, namely, 94 per cent. Sixty-two per cent suffered the first fall during the critical years from 15 to 18 inclusive. Unregulated Amusements a Cause. Table XI dealing with introduction to prostitution is very in¬ complete. It does shed some light on the intimate relation between amusements and immorality. Public dances, questionable picture shows, poorly regulated amusement parks and burlesque houses are prolific sources of corruption. Rigid supervision of these is neces¬ sary as a means of self-protection to the community. Causes Assigned by Inmates. The second part of this table shows the reasons assigned by inmates themselves for their position. Thirty per cent said their downfall was of their own choice, while 55 per cent attributed it to one of three economic causes—small wages, necessity of mak¬ ing a living after unfortunate marriage, or support of husband. Un¬ doubtedly the causes assigned as given in this table are not entirely trustworthy. The influences which make for prostitution are com¬ plicated. Perhaps in not a single case can one cause be held re¬ sponsible. Lack of proper home-training, ignorance of matters per¬ taining to sex, unregulated and licentious forms of amusements, low wages of women, economic pressure which generally makes early marriage impossible or ill advised, all of these and more are responsible. Surely he who would place the entire blame for this life on the unfortunate victims themselves is guilty of very super¬ ficial observation. Influence of Church. That church attendance or membership seems to have been but little if any of a deterrent factor is shown by Table XIII. Sixty- four per cent had had religious instruction or guidance of some character. A quotation from p. 149 of the Report on Social Better¬ ment, published by the President’s Homes Commission, is of in¬ terest at this point: “Dr. Howard A. Kelly believes that the Chris¬ tian standard is the solution of the whole problem of chastity. I quite agree with him, provided the church makes an endeavor to combine religious and social work, and until this is accomplished we should not hide the evil because it is not a pleasant subject to talk about.” Patronage and Profits. The last table gives an idea of patronage, profits, and the total amount spent on open prostitution. From this table the deduction follows that the average number of visitors entertained per day by each inmate is 4.7. This figure is less than that found by researches in certain other cities. In Chicago the records of a typical bawdy house showed that for five consecutive days one inmate averaged 26 visitors per day (The Social Evil in Chicago, p. 98), and that a fair general average might be 15 per day (Ibid, p. 114). Since the mesdames complained of the dull season at the time of the investi¬ gation in this city, it is probable that 4.7 is below rather than above the normal. Prices vary from 50 cents to $3.00 and above, the most com- — 8 — mon being $1.00. Only the lowest and most disreputable places are 50 cent dives. $1.50 is a fair average of the expenditure per visit as there are a large number of $2.00 houses and a considerable frac¬ tion which charge $3.00 or over per visit. This means that the gross income per girl is $7.05 per day or $49.35 per week. As the almost invariable arrangement is that “the madame gets half,” we may place the average net income of the inmates at $24.67, or in round numbers at $25.00 per week. Turning to the profit of the keepers we find that in the average house with four girls, the madame has an income of $98.70 per week, exclusive of what the sale of soft drinks and the earnings of pianolas may add. Little profit is secured from the sale of strong drinks as the police department forbids their use in bawdy houses. These figures serve to give an idea of the very large profits which the traffic affords. They explain in a large measure the op¬ portunities for graft which such large incomes make possible and the vigorous opposition with which all attempts to curb its power are met. These profits make possible the exorbitant rents which almost invariably are paid for houses used for immoral purposes. And in Kansas City as elsewhere the publication of a list of the landlords which extort these rents would startle the city. Economic Cost to City. Let us next consider the amount spent by the whole city. Basing our estimate on 554 inmates for the entire city, the amount ex¬ pended would be $1,425,580.50 annually. As the population of Kan- City, Mo., in 1910 was 248,000, we may estimate that there are 75,000 men and boys who may become subject to the lures of these resorts. If all of these were frequenters it would mean an annual per capita expenditure of $19. If each frequenter should spend $50 on these open places of corruption it would take an army of 28,511 men to supply the funds devoted to this debauchery. These figures, startling as they are, represent but a fraction of the sums spent on prostitution in Kansas City. They include only the outlay in houses of ill fame found on the police fine list. We may but conjecture the amount expended in questionable rooming houses, upon street solicitors and upon the numerous forms of clandestine prostitution which exist in the city. We have hitherto considered the more local aspects of open prostitution. A wider social outlook may be of interest. Extent of Venereal Disease. It is only of recent years that any considerable study has been given to venereal diseases. But the terrible inroads being made on the manhood and womanhood of the nation have made necessary an — 9 — abandonment of the time honored “conspiracy of silence” on this and allied topics. Today the great Black Plague—venereal disease —is beginning to overshadow the ravages of the White Plague, con¬ sumption. According to Lavinia Dock’s standard work “Hygiene and Morality” (p. 49), “European records indicate that about seventy-five per cent of all men have gonorrhoea. Assuming that a somewhat better moral standard prevails in the United States, it is given as a conservative estimate that the prevalence of both ■ gonorrhoea and syphilis among men is at least sixty per cent.” Ac¬ cording to Dr. Morrow (Social Diseases and Marriage, p 25), “Gonorrhoea is the most widespread and universal of all diseases in the adult male population, embracing 75 per cent or more.” The « Committee of Seven working under the auspices of the Medical Society of the County of New York in 1901 concluded from re¬ ports made by hospitals, dispensaries and private physicians of the city that not less than 243,000 cases of venereal diseases were treated there during one year. All other communicable diseases reported to the Health Department including measles, diptheria, chicken pox, scarlet fever and tuberculosis furnished but 41,585 cases. Thus, the morbidity from venereal diseases was nearly six times as great as that of all the other communicable diseases combined. (Report of Committee on Social Betterment, p. 135.) Effects of Venereal Disease. Turning from the extent of venereal diseases to their effect we find that syphilis is the only inherited disease. From Dr. Morrow’s authentic book “Social Disease and Marriage” we learn that 20 to 30 per cent of all the blindness in the country is due to gonorrhoea (p. 21), that it is claimed syphilis is responsible for 42 per cent of abortions and miscarriages (p. 27), and that nurses consider gonor¬ rhea responsible for more than 45 per cent of sterile marriages. This gives but an inkling of the social misery caused by these diseases, particularly in the marriage relation. Again quoting from the Re¬ port of the Committee of Social Betterment (p. 140), speaking of syphilis, “Fournier’s personal statistics show that 90 women in¬ fected by their husbands became pregnant in the first year of mar¬ ried life, 50 of these aborted, 40 carried the offspring to full term, but of these only 2 survived.” ^ Prostitution the Cause of Venereal Disease. These statistics are given to show the importance of aggressively dealing with prostitution, for all authorities agree that prostitution of a clandestine or public character is the prime cause of venereal disease. Again quoting Lavinia Dock, “The breeding place of all venereal disease without exception is in the social institution called — 10 - prostitution, or sexual promiscuity, in the debasement and degrada¬ tion of what should be the highest and most revered of physical powers, those involved in the act of generation. Bred and culti¬ vated in prostitution, venereal diseases spread thence through the community, attacking the innocent as well as the guilty, the pure as well as the impure, just as typhoid fever is no respector of per¬ sons, no matter how strict their own personal standards may be.” Natural Effects of Open Toleration. Measures dealing with prostitution in Kansas City are not of interest to this municipality alone. The houses of ill fame are the centers of infection that permeates all the territory which surrounds the city. Visitors from out of town are numerous. Some of them seek vice; to others when openly tolerated it is a source of morbid fascination. Not infrequently, as a result of his first visit, the coun¬ try youth who has hitherto led a virtuous life will carry away with him a contagion which is poison not only to himself and family, but to the community in which he lives. Every convention or civic cele¬ bration which attracts visitors from outside the city brings an addi¬ tional supply of men to swell the number of frequenters of these resorts. Nor can the evil influence which open toleration exerts on the youth of the city be overlooked. The high ideals which the teach¬ ings of home, church and school may have instilled in him receive a rude shock when he appreciates that his elders tolerate a system totally at variance with their teaching. Thrown into an abyss of temptation he is well worthy of commendation if possessed of suffi¬ cient moral stamina to remain pure. The Evil Deep Rooted. The unprejudiced observer is convinced that no system of sup¬ pression can totally eliminate prostitution. First there must be a radical change in the amusements we tolerate, in public opinion, in our treatment of sex problems, in our economic system, in the atti¬ tude of the church, and in the teaching and influence of the home itself. As we have before noted, this evil is deep rooted. But, on the other hand, no impartial student will deny that the governmental attitude and the position taken by our police depart¬ ments are of the greatest importance in increasing or decreasing the magnitude of the problem. Public Policies Towards Prostitution. Two opposite policies, or modifications of the one or the other, have been pursued in dealing with the evil. One would eliminate the prostitute; the other would acknowledge her existence and neces¬ sity making her subject to a system of public reglementation includ¬ ing segregation and medical inspection. American cities in general can not be said to have adopted either a policy of suppression or one of regulation. The police cannot be persuaded that the former is practicable, while public opinion would never tolerate the latter. As a result the whole question is generally covered with a mask of hypocricy and the true policy followed is acknowledged with reluct¬ ance. Suppression. Those opposing suppression tell us that since the bawdy house evil is a result of deep seated causes, mere attempts at legislating it out of existence must needs be futile. They say such a policy will simply result in scattering the evil all over our cities and may make virtuous women the victims of frequent assault, forgetting that as¬ saults are increased when men are accustomed to the company of harlots. They further point out that the character of our police is such that a system of elimination will never be conscientiously en¬ forced. Undoubtedly evil results of prostitution would be greatly reduced if our American police individually could be convinced of the feasibility of a program of extermination and would give their whole- souled efforts towards its enforcement. Such an effort would at least protect young boys and the unsophisticated not in search of de¬ bauchery. Reglementation. Those opposing public regulation point out that segregation does not segregate. The cities on the continent where this system is enforced show a volume of clandestine prostitution equally as great as that found in American cities where attempts are made to suppress it. They further insistently object to any arrangement which will single out the prostitute for inspection, while her male companion is allowed to go scot free, nullifying any beneficial re¬ sults that regulation might have. Other vigorous objections raised are that it would be an indignity to all sense of morality to place the official seal of state approval upon this iniquity and that it would increase immorality because of the fancied security such regulation would afford. Recommendations of the Chicago Vice Commission. No more interesting study of the question briefly treated in this report has been made than the one recently published by the Chi¬ cago Vice Commission. Composed of perhaps the finest body of representative men which has ever been gathered to give this grave danger their serious consideration, the conclusions at which they — 12 — arrived are of more than passing interest. Additional weight is given to these findings because of the unanimity with which all who participated in the study subscribed to them. Their recommendations dealt with every phase of this difficult question. We shall cite only the following, immediately concerned with the public attitude towards the bawdy house evil itself: 1. “In dealing with prostitution, fines should be abolished and imprisonment or an adult probation system substituted.” 2. “Prostitutes who desire to avail themselves of the oppor¬ tunity or who are arrested and convicted on charges, should be sent to an industrial home with hospital accommodations. To this end such an institution should be established.” 3. “We recommend the enactment of State laws and city ordi¬ nances whereby a house of prostitution may be declared a public nuisance, and containing provisions expressly giving to any citizen the right to institute simple and summary proceedings in equity for the abatement of the nuisance.” 4. “The police should wage a relentless warfare against houses of prostitution, immoral flats, assignation rooms, call houses and disorderly saloons in all parts of the city.” These recommendations embody the attitude which the Chicago Vice Commission believed should be taken by public officials, and which formed the keynote of their conclusions, “Constant and imme¬ diate repression of prostitution, the immediate method; absolute annihilation the ultimate ideal.” No attempt has been made in these pages to overdraw the ex¬ tent of the Social Evil in Kansas City. The facts themselves are suffi¬ ciently startling without any coloring. The city tolerates the exist¬ ence of 147 bawdy houses on the fine list. It allows large numbers of young girls from 13 to 18, as well as older women, to solicit on our streets. The men of the city, and oftentimes innocent wives and children, are in increasing numbers becoming the victims of venereal disease. Surely it is time that vigorous measures be taken to check an evil which is of such great injury to the very life and fibre of the community. — 13 — BAWDY HOUSE POPULATION TABLES. Table I—Social State of Inmates. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Not married _ ______ __ __ _ 181 234 114 155 104 37 415 40 33 20 28 14 12 73 221 267 -488 134 183 118 49 Married _ __ ___ _ _ __ Had had children _ .. _ Number of children born_— _ _ .. Number of children living_ _ __ . __ __ Number supporting children. _ . - Table II—Where Brought Up. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. In city, including Kansas City- - In a town __ __ _ _ 203 133 60 396 54 11 4 69 257 144 64 -465 In the country ___ _ _ _ _ Table III—Living Place at Time of First Act. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. At home 75 31 106 Private home _ _ _ 86 22 108 Boarding house_ _ _ _ . __ __ _ 51 3 54 Rooming house _ _ __ _ __ 101 10 111 313 66 _ 379 Table IV—Cause of Leaving Home. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Tn marry 130 12 142 To work _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ 97 26 123 Wanted more freedom _ _ __ 51 10 61 Unpleasantness - _ _ __ 46 4 50 Home broken up___ __ _ 36 7 43 To lead immoral life 25 9 34 Mother died _ _ _ __ __ 11 2 13 Pregnant _ ___ __ _ __ __ 5 5 401 70 _471 BAWDY HOUSE POPULATION TABLES—Cont’d Table V—Previous Occupation. White. Total. 1 Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Restaurant and hotel _ _ _ 99 5 104 Clerk - _ 50 50 Domestic service __ _ __ __ 51 39 90 Factory - _ _____ 36 36 Laundry - _ _ _ _ 22 6 28 Hair dressing and manicuring_ _ __ 9 9 Millinery and dressmaking _ _ _ 19 ~i 20 Telephone operator ___ _ _ __ 13 13 Show girl __ _____ 9 9 Bookkeeper and stenographer _ 14 14 Nurse and teacher _ _ _ _ 8 ~5 13 — 330 — 56 -386 Table VI—Wages Per Week. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Two to four dollars _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 27 4 31 Four to six dollars_ _ _ _ _ ___ _ 92 31 123 Six to eight dollars_ ______ 73 2 75 Eight to ten dollars _ _ __ __ _ _ __ 32 9 41 Ten to fifteen dollars _ _ _ 12 12 Fifteen to twenty dollars__ _ __ 18 18 254 46 _300 Table VII—Present Age. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Eighteen years _ _ _ _ __ Nineteen years _ _ _ _ 33 1 34 Twenty years ___ __ __ ___ 39 6 45 Twenty-one years _ __ ___ _ ___ 47 4 51 Twenty-two years ___._ __ _ _ 54 11 65 Twenty-three shears __ _ _ _ _ 42 .10 52 Twenty-four years ___ _ _ 33 6 39 Twenty-five years ____ _ __ _ 35 7 42 Twenty-six years _ _ _ __ 22 7 29 Twenty-seven years _ _ _ __ _ _ 26 5 31 Twenty-eight years _ _ _ _ __ _ __ 21 6 27 Twenty-nine years ___ _ __ -_ _ 12 12 Thirty years _ _ _ __ _ 28 6 34 Thirty-five vears_ __ _..._ 16 6 22 413 75 _48S - 15 - BAWDY HOUSE POPULATION TABLES—Cont’d. Table VIII—Age When Left Home. White. ! Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Ten years __ 18 1 19 Eleven years- - — 2 1 3 Twelve years _____ . _ . 9 1 10 Thirteen years- _ — _ - 13 6 19 Fourteen years - _ __ _ ___ 31 7 38 Fifteen years __ _ _ ~ 50 6 56 Sixteen years- - _ _ 49 8 57 Seventeen years_ _ — _ 67 13 80 Eighteen years _ _____ 76 10 86 Nineteen years _ _ _____ 39 8 47 Twenty years _ _ - 35 5 40 Twenty-two years _ ___ __ _ __ 19 4 23 Twenty-five years ___ _ _ _ 5 1 6 — 413 ——~ 71 -48. Table IX—Age at Time of First Act. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Eleven years_ _ _ __ __ 4 1 5 Twelve years _____ _ ____ 3 2 5 Thirteen years_ _ __ _ ______ 6 5 11 Fourteen years _ _ _ __ _ 17 3 20 Fifteen years _ _ _ _ 22 10 32 Sixteen years ___ _ ___ _._ 39 18 57 Seventeen years _ _ _ _ _ _ . 48 12 60 Eighteen years _ _ __ __ _ __ 62 4 66 Nineteen years __ _ __ ______ 37 5 42 Twenty years _ _ _ _ 23 3 26 Twenty-one years _ - _ _ _ 12 1 13 Twenty-two years __ __ _ ___ 8 8 Twenty-five years _ __ J__ 282 — 64 1 -346 Table X—Number Years in House of Prostitution. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. One year _ _ _______ Ill 13 124 Two years _— _ _ 66 13 79 Three years __ _ __ _ _ ___ 58 14 72 Four years _ - -- - 44 10 54 Five years __ _ _ _ ___ _ 28 7 35 Six years __ _ _ _ 31 4 35 Seven years ___ _ __ _ _ _ - 23 3 26 Eight years _ _ __ ______ 14 4 18 Nine years_ _ _ _ 9 1 10 Ten years _~ _ _ _ 7 1 8 Eleven years_ _ __ ____. 5 1 6 Twelve years. . 3 1 4 Fifteen years _ _ _. _ __ ___ _ 6 1 7 — 405 — 73 -478 - 16 - BAWDY HOUSE POPULATION TABLES—Cont’d. Table XI—Introduction to Prostitution. First Act. White. ! Total. Col¬ ored. Grand Total. Totals. Dancing _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 2 24 Drinking _______ _ _ _ 24 2 26 Shows and suppers _ _ _. '__ __ _ 10 10 Buggy riding _ _ _ __ 14 14 Park- ___ . _ _ 14 _ 3 17 At school ____ __ _ _ ___ _ . 11 11 Coaxed -_ __ _ _ _ _ _ 51 27 78 Forced -_ _ ________ _ 14 3 17 Bertayed - ___ ___ ___ _ 25 185 4 29 41 99 « CAUSE OF LIFE— Own choice_ _ _ _____ ■ _ 77 13 90 Small wages __________ 69 1 70 Livelihood after marriage __ __ _ _ _ 76 11 87 Immoral girl friends _____ 21 4 25 Disappointment _ _ 4 4 Deceived __ _ _ _ _ _ 10 10 Solicited _ ___ _ _ _ ___ __ 3 3 To support husband 8 2 10 — 268 1 — 41 -299 Table XII—Education. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Fifth grade _ ___ __ _ Eighth grade ___ __ _ First year high school __ _ _ _ Second year high school . Third year high school_ Fourth year high school Second year college _ __ _ _ _ College graduate____ _ _ 80 186 20 28 4 15 11 2 346 22 31 6 6 1 1 3 1 71 102 217 26 34 5 16 14 3 117 Table XIII- -Church. Col¬ Grand White. Total. ored. Total. Totals. Protestant - _ _ ___ 160 37 197 Catholic - ___ _ __ __ _ __ _ 87 2 89 Non-church - __ __ _ _ 130 31 161 ■- 377 — , 70 -447 Table XIV—Average Visitors Per Day. White. Total. Col¬ ored. Total. Grand Totals. Two - _ _ _— — _ _ _ 34 68 7 14 82 Three -_ _ _ ___ — 54 162 22 66 228 Four _ _ _ _ _ — 70 280 13 52 332 Five. - _ - - _ _ _ 88 440 12 60 500 Six _ __ ______- 78 468 7 42 510 Eight- - - 31 248 248 Ten - _ — _ --- 9 90 2 20 110 1756 254 2110