BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. MEMORANDA concerning the PRINTING DEPARTMENT. 1897. 0 Z1.2 2 i C> r J Hi 5m. MEMORANDA CONCERNING THE PRINTING DEPARTMENT. To the Librarian: I have prepared such a statement concerning the work of my department as seems likely to be of gen- eral service at the coming gathering of library work- ers in London; and this, together with my last annual report, I now submit to you in printed form in ac- cordance with your directions. Respectfully yours, Francis Watts Lee, Chief of the Printing Department. This Library maintains, as one of its departments, a complete printing office, in which all requisite let- ter-press and relief-plate printing is done. The work of this department is carried on within the Library building in a room on the ground floor measuring seventeen by forty feet, and with an en- tirely modern plant which has been gathered at a cost of about thirteen thousand dollars. For typesetting reliance is placed chiefly upon two Mergenthaler Linotypes. Several copies of a ( 3 ) ^5,"^ V pamphlet describing this machine in detail and with the aid of illustrations are included in the Exhibit which this statement accompanies. These two Linotypes, which are fully equipped with all recent improvements for securing extreme adjustability, are provided with three extra magazines and about a dozen different sizes and faces of matrices (which correspond to fonts of type). For hand composition there are provided about sixty fonts of ordinary type, ranging in size from Nonpareil Imprint Gothic to Twelve-line Pica Poster, and including, beside com- plete series of book and display faces, small fonts (in two sizes each) of Greek, Hebrew, and Russian char- acter. It is hoped that eventually full fonts of Rus- sian and Greek matrices may be added to the Lino- type equipment. Properly to take advantage of one of the special features of Linotype composition, provision is made for handling proportionally large amounts of “stand- ing matter,” namely: about eight hundred wooden half galleys, with a storage capacity of some twelve tons, so disposed as to occupy a floor space of twenty- seven by one hundred and forty inches. The amount of Linotype metal at present carried by the depart- ment falls slightly short of six tons. Of presses the department now has three: a Quar- ter Medium Gordon (io"x 15" inside chase), a No. 3 Stop Cylinder (bed 24"x29"), and a modern web- fed self-inking proof press. There is also the usual accessory equipment of an office of this sort, except such machines (e.g., paper cutters) as are rendered unnecessary by the Bindery plant. The force employed consists of five persons: the Chief of the department, two compositors (women), one pressman, and one feeder and general assistant. The work, of the department may be divided into three classes: (i) Stationery, blank forms, circulars, and general supplies; (2) Book and pamphlet work, including Bulletins, Finding Lists, Subject Cata- logues, Special Bibliographies, &c. ; (3) Titles for the various card catalogues. Specimens of all these are included in the Exhibit already mentioned. The first class of work differs little from that com- ing to any commercial printer: in quantity it is very considerable: in execution it is sought so to handle it, in simple and solid fashion, as to reduce the cost to the lowest point consistent with efficient quality. In the second and third classes of work machine composition plays an important part. Three sizes (Nonpareil, Brevier, and Small Pica) of a single Old Style series of type are adhered to as exclusively as possible; and these three fonts of matrices are fairly thoroughly “sorted up” with special characters and accented letters to enable the doing of work of all kinds and in almost any language. Pages 28-30 of this statement show a familiar passage in each of these three types, together with a ranging of the characters of each font: this showing is and can be only partial, as new characters are constantly being cut. It is to be noted that the use of the Linotype for typesetting entails both advantages and disadvan- tages. The great speed at which the machine can be operated, together with the simultaneous auto- ( 5 ) matic distribution of the matrices after the casting of each line or “slug,” materially reduces the cost of the work. The space occupied by the machine is much less than that which would be taken up by the frames and cases necessary to do the same amount of work by hand. The heavy investment for type, where large quantities are required to be kept stand- ing for long periods, is avoided, because the machine uses raw metal at an absolute cost of about one sixth of that of the same amount of foundry type. Since this metal is recast with each recomposition it may be of one size and face to-day and of another to-morrow: thus one pound of metal will take the place of several pounds of different sizes and faces of type. This ef- fects a farther saving not merely in the investment for type and the cases necessary to hold it, but in the space required for the storage of large fonts which are required only occasionally for special work. Ma- trices cost two and a half cents each and from five to twenty of each character are required: a full font may be stored in a shallow drawer, the size of an ordinary type case, or in a box a few inches square. These matrices being returned by the machine for use again immediately after the casting of each line, it is im- possible to run short of “sorts,” no matter how great a run on any special characters (e.g., unusual accents) may be entailed by certain varieties of work. Free- dom from this difficulty, which is often experienced with hand composition, even where large fonts of type are employed, is a very great advantage, par- ticularly in insuring accuracy in the final proof. The recasting of the metal each time it is reset secures a ( 6 ) new, sharp, and perfect face for each new work, and renders the wear and tear on the press (which causes serious deterioration in ordinary type) a matter of small account. Linotype metal from which a million impressions had been taken would still be worth al- most as much as was paid for it : type after the same usage, would be worth only what it would bring as old metal. The wear upon the matrices is slight and principally due to the action of heat, while the cost of a new set is comparatively small. Each line being a single piece of metal, the matter cannot easily be “pied” or otherwise injured, and great freedom of handling and consequent saving of time is there- by secured in make-up and imposition. Lines and phrases of frequent occurrence, such as folios, head- lines, and, in catalogue work, such notes as: Two copies; Three copies; Words and music; Words only; No more was published; This work is kept on the Special Libraries Floor; This work must be con- sulted in the Allen A. Brown Musical Library; Con- tinued on the next card, &c., &c., require to be set up once only when, by locking the distributing me- chanism, any required number of casts may be taken from the assembled matrices. In our own practice, work of this character is done in what otherwise might be idle time, and the “slugs” are then stored away in a convenient place for use as required. Other similar advantages would doubtless be found in con- nection with the use of the machine for any special line of work. On the other hand no machine is as flexible as the human hand. Consequently the maximum of econ- ( 7 ) omy in the use of the Linotype can be obtained only where it is employed on “straight” matter. Manu- script which can be read with difficulty only will seriously reduce the speed of any compositor, and where speed is so important a factor as in machine composition, good copy is of the first importance. The fact that the correction of an error necessitates the entire recomposition of the line or lines which it affects, introduces the possibility of other errors, and renders essential great care in the reading of all re- vised proofs. Since the keyboard covers only the capital and lower case letters, figures, points, and a few of the more common signs or accents; all ma- trices for italics, small capitals, or black faced letters must be inserted into the lines by hand from a “sorts box” and while this process is not very tedious when compared with hand composition, it is so much slower than the normal rate of machine operation as practically to compel very sparing use of these visual spices, though it is not impossible to employ them whenever they are essential. In other words, the use of the machine necessitates a style of copy which can be profitably handled by it. Before the installa- tion of the machines it was feared by our Catalogue Department that this would prove a serious draw- back: that such, however, has not been the case is now generally admitted even by those who were op- posed at first to the change. Nor is this limitation wholly disadvantageous from the printer’s point of view. The absence of display faces renders it possible to avoid the spotty effect which they produce in the printed page, and to secure a more uniform and har- ( 8 ) monious “color.” By the simple plans of indenting the lines, which may be seen in the Monthly Bulletin and in the Bibliography of the Higher Education of Women, it has been possible to secure all the prom- inence of the catchwords that is necessary to facili- tate rapid reference. The features of the work of the department likely to be of most interest to librarians generally are those connected with the printing of titles for the card catalogues. Assuming this form of catalogue to be the ideal one, where growth is to be provided for, the advan- tages of printed cards over those written by hand or on a typewriter need only the barest mention. First of all come legibility and durability: the ease with which any required number of impressions of a single title may be had favors the practice of mutiplying cross references and subject entries to the fullest use- ful extent (since this may be done almost without extra cost) and enables us to furnish “extra” cards to any library workers who may require them, as, for example, of new books to the Editor of the Monthly Bulletin, or of titles in special subjects to those who may be engaged in the preparation of Special Bibli- ographies or Subject Catalogues. By this means a considerable saving in the cost of preparing the copy for these various publications is effected. The fact that each card under any heading or cross reference duplicates the whole of the information contained in the principal entry, which it is our practice to make as full and bibliographically satisfactory as possible, secures the very desirable result of putting the ( 9 ) searcher into immediate possession of all the facts concerning a book, under whatever heading it may chance first to be found. Our practice is to print the body of the entry in Small Pica, with notes, tables of contents, &c., in Brevier. All composition for the cards except that in non-roman character is done on the Linotype. On page 22 a specimen title is given which shows the general form of the card now used, and the same title is repeated on the next page in the form in which it appears under a subject heading. Experience has shown that from a single compositor an average out- put of one hundred and fifty titles a day, taking them as they run, may be expected. Galley proof of these is furnished to the Catalogue Department, which re- turns the same after correction with marks upon the margin indicating the number of impressions re- quired: this number varies with that of the subject entries, &c., of the various titles. The cards are then printed in “sets” of six titles. That is to say, six titles are printed at one time on a single sheet of cardboard and afterward cut apart to form the sepa- rate cards. Each of these sheets is given a number in a progressive series, and each card on the sheet bears near its lower edge this sheet number together with the date upon which it was printed. Occasion- ally a long title requires more than one card, and frequently two or more editions of the same w r ork are entered on a single card. In the printing of these cards a special pattern of chase is used having three fixed crossbars so positioned as to divide it into six equal pockets of the size of the extreme (10) printed surface upon each card. Each of these pock- ets is carefully finished square and true, and being exactly fitted to the “slugs” it is to hold, the latter can be and are placed in position against the chase itself without intervening “furniture,” and held in place by an “inside” lock-up expanding in one direc- tion only and corresponding in position to blank space left for the hole in the finished card. This arrangement enables the individual cards to be cut apart without waste, and secures absolute uniformity in size and position of print, while at the same time reducing to a minimum the cost of presswork. The fixed chase with the simplicity of the lock-up, the ease and freedom with which “slugs” may be handled, as compared with type, and the freedom from all danger of “pi,” as well as from the necessity of cut- ting overlays for each form, render it possible to do several times as much presswork per hour as could be done with movable type. The cards used in the catalogues at the Branch Libraries being of smaller size are printed in sheets of eight titles. In order to minimize the production of waste cards, the copy is furnished in bundles of six titles to correspond to the sheets in which the cards are printed, and care is taken in making up these bundles to see that the titles so grouped together shall be those requiring as nearly as may be the same number of impressions. In my annual report, which is appended hereto, will be found (page 16) statements as to the quality and cost of the stock used for these cards, and in the Exhibit, which this statement accompanies, will be found specimens of the galley proofs, the printed (n) sheets, and finished cards cut to size and punched ready for the catalogue cases. The smaller size of card is that used in the catalogues at the Branch Libraries. The apparently unduly large size of the hole left for the locking rod is necessitated by the dis- crepancy between the irregular sizes of cards used many years ago and the present standard size. These various sizes have a tendency to slip by each other sideways to a considerable extent and the resultant free passage for the rod is consequently none too large. As the old cards are gradually eliminated a smaller hole and one or two more lines of print on the card will be possible. These specimen cards also show in a general way some of the various classes of work which are done. The words in Russian, Greek, and Hebrew are set from type and inserted among the “slugs”: but otherwise the composition is all machine work. The cost of these printed cards may roughly be stated at from seven to eight cents per title: the aver- age number of each title printed being about eight, and the cost given being that of this number of cards and not of a single card only. For the catalogues and other material printed in pamphlet and book form any necessary size of page, &c. may be adopted; but our own practice is to secure simplicity and uniformity by confining ourselves as much as possible to a few standard sizes and shapes: the double column octavo used in the Monthly Bul- letin, and the Bibliography of the Higher Education of Women, or, where this is not practicable, to a page of the same size in single column as in the Periodical List. The only noticeable features in the appearance (12) of these pages are the evenness of color due to the entire absence of display and heavy-faced types and the method of indenting the lines to render reference easy. This latter feature has an additional advantage in that it greatly facilitates handling “standing mat- ter” on the galleys. This is of considerable import- ance, as the small cost at which it may be done has led to the keeping of all the slugs from the Monthly Bulletins with a view to their rearrangement in a single series and republication as an Annual or Bi- ennial List. The experiment in this direction is as yet incomplete, but the considerable work already done seems to point to ultimately satisfactory results. On page 25 is shown the form of title used in the Bulletin where the intention is to allow for extensive rearrangement of the forms, while on page 26 is given a specimen of the alternate form used where this re- arrangement is not expected. A specimen page from one of the Branch Library Finding Lists is given on page 27. In the matter of stock used for book work, those things which are of an essentially ephemeral nature are printed upon a cheap wood pulp laid paper, better grades are used for more permanently valuable pub- lications, and any special copies which it is desired to render especially durable for record purposes are printed on a pure linen handmade paper. Papers with high surfaces are carefully avoided as being injurious to the eyesight. The cost of catalogue work in book form is in- fluenced by many things, especially the quality of the copy and the extent of the editorial alterations upon (13) the proof, so that it is very difficult to make state- ments as to cost which shall be applicable generally; but experience has shown that the Monthly Bulletin which is issued in an edition of five thousand copies on the cheaper grade of paper can be produced com- plete for about three dollars a page. This may be taken as a representative figure. ( 14 ) ANNUAL REPORT, 189 M 7 - To the Librarian: I beg to offer the following report for the year ending Jan. 31, 1897. Service. At the beginning of the year the department employed three persons: Miss Manix, Mr. Geyer, and myself. It now employs five. April 15, Miss Annie F. Land, a compositor with some knowledge of catalogue work, but none of the Linotype, was appointed to the department and put in training at machine operation preparatory to the arrival of the second Linotype then expected shortly. The steady increase in presswork demanding additional help, Mr. Birdsey F. Ives was appointed to the posi- tion of feeder on July 27. Miss Ellen C. Manix, compositor, resigned Aug. 12, and Miss Carrie P. Greeley, an experienced Linotype operator, was appointed in her stead on Aug. 17. Plant. Under authority of the Trustees' vote of March 27 there were added to the plant a proof-press, slug-planing machine, cabinets, job and body type, accents, &c., to complete the same in sub- stantial accordance with my reports of Oct. 1, and Nov. 19, 1895, and Mar. 26, 1896. Under authority of the vote of April 3, 1896, Linotype No. 3460 was leased for one year at a rental of $700, with the option of purchase at the end of that time, in which case the first year's rent was to apply as a part of the purchase price. The completion and installation of the goods ordered at this time extended over a considerable period. The Linotype was erected during the latter part of May, and its rental year began on June 18. Early in December the plant was further increased in capacity by the addition to both Linotypes of certain recently ( 15 ) designed improvements (the cost of which had been anticipated and included in my report of Mar. 26), and of various matrices and other parts, cabinets, display type, and other tools, in ac- cordance with my report of Dec. 10. The changes were made with a view of increasing the flexibility of the plant and the economy of its operation. Stock. During the year the problem has presented itself of procuring special qualities of stock more closely adapted to the special re- quirements of library work than those formerly used. In the matter of stock for the card catalogue a very great improvement has been effected. This stock is subject to peculiarly hard ser- vice at the hands of the public, and from that point of view requires great toughness and elasticity, together with a firm, square edge, in order that it may be easily handled and have a long life. To minimize the enormous bulk which the catalogue of a great library must inevitably attain demands the use of the thinnest cards practicable; while the writing of the cross refer- ence headings and the alterations upon cards, which from time to time become necessary, demand a stock of good surface for the pen and such degree of firmness in texture throughout as to afford other good surfaces after erasure. Much thought has been given to this subject, and it is believed that the result shows a card combining these qualities in greater degree than any here- tofore employed. The stock now in use is specially made for us at a cost of $6.95 per thousand sheets 9 ^ 4 " X 11L2" as against $13.12 for the inferior stock formerly used. All other stock has been selected with the same general aim in mind — that of suitability to the particular work. The Bor- rowers’ Cards are made from a stock more difficult to tear or mutilate than any ever before used. Stock for call slips is made specially for us and given a surface intended to take pen and pencil equally well, neither catching the one nor allowing the other to slip without marking. In almost all cases the stock has been procured at an absolutely less price than formerly paid. Output. The output of the Department now includes practically all of the printed work of . the Library except that from engraved plates. Exact and full statistics for the past year cannot be given ; but the following approximate figures may be of interest: For the Card Catalogue: 2127 forms = 12,762 titles (“main (1 6) cards,” whether one title more or less to the card; reference cards being duplicates are not included). Call Slips: (of ten kinds) about 2,250,000. Stationery: Cur- rently consumed stocks of more than a hundred varieties, 600,000 pieces. Blank books, 86. Circulars, &c. : above 30,000. Signs, notices, & c. Publications: Manual of House Rules, &c. Pp. 16. Ed. 500. Feb. Monthly Bulletin. Jan.-Apr. No. issued early in June; May- July No. July 20; August No. Aug. 10; since September on the first of each month. Pp. 192. Ed. 5,000 per month, except December 3,000. Selected List of Books for Younger Readers. Pp. 40* Ed. 5.000. Apr. 16. Manual for the use of Trustees. Pp. 68. Ed. 50. October. Rules and Regulations. Pp. 16. 10,000 in March. Revised edition, 10,000 in November. Roxbury Finding List, Nov., ’94-June, ’g 6. Pp. 32. Ed. 1.000. July 7. List of Works in the Russian Language. Pp. 16. Ed. 250. Aug. 24. Now in progress: Consolidated Periodical List. Set up and corrected to end of text, i.e. 107 pp. Edition of 2,500 printed to end of sixth signature (p. 96) : now waiting for copy, index, etc., to complete. Pamphlet giving account of Chamberlain Collection of Auto- graphs. Set up and awaiting revision. Approaching 100 pp. Annual Bulletin. Slugs from all Monthly Bulletins placed in one series, the first Bulletin being reset, 108 galleys. Re- vised as far as “Literature,” 42 galleys. Bibliography of the Higher Education of Women. Com- position begun. Current work on the card catalogues, and the stock room supplies. The printing of cards for the card catalogues at the Branches was begun Nov. 4; 14 forms, or 112 titles having been done to date. Special Work. The first year’s work has been in many respects experimental — not only has it been necessary to do the work but to find the best way to do it satisfactorily and economically; and this in ( 17 ) addition to the considerable task of erecting the plant in work- ing order. It was obvious from the start that a uniformity in size of cata- logue cards must be secured which had not been obtained under the old method of printing, and it was also obvious that the Lino- type offered the possibilty of a great saving in the cost of press- work as well as composition if full advantage were taken of its peculiar features. To accomplish these results special methods of handling this part of the work were designed and the special chases, etc. necessary were built from my drawings. While com- paratively costly in the first instance, this has proved economy in the long run; and as the work is now done the size of the cards is gauged absolutely, and presswork reduced from an estimated cost of four cents eighteen months ago to a present cost of a trifle under one cent per title. Upon occasions when a special “spurt” has been made it has been found possible to obtain an average from a single day’s work as low as one third of a cent per title. At the same time it has been found possible, without any labor on the part of the Catalogue Department, to add to all cards re- quiring it a plain verbal statement as to the location of books kept elsewhere than in the stacks. This is a particular service to users of books on the Special Libraries Floor. Another piece of special work, which has consumed much time in experiments finally successful, has been involved in the matter of accents and special characters. In adopting the Linotype we took a machine up to that time used chiefly for newspaper work, and imposed upon it the task of handling thirty or forty languages and dialects. To do this and obtain a creditable quality of book work involved considerable development. Suitable faces of type were required and many unusual characters. During the past year the type with which we began work has been replaced by an- other and more suitable one made by the Mergenthaler Company from a design submitted by me. At first the Company declined to cut any other than the twenty usual vowel accents with q and n. To overcome this difficulty I had specially cut and cast a series of twenty-one diacritical marks which have been used to carry out my own plan of inserted piece accents. This plan allows the formation of many hundred combinations and is entirely superior to the old use of piece accents with type, as by this plan the accent becomes an integral part of the slug itself and stands in proper relation to the letter with which it belongs. The process of mak- ing special accents thus, proving somewhat laborious when they were of frequent occurrence, led to the effort to get from the Mergenthaler Company all the accent matrices they could be (18) induced to make, and by persistence it has been induced to cut for us, from time to time during the year, a considerable number of characters in addition to its original scheme, while still others are in progress at the factory. Those characters which the Com- pany would not undertake I have devised another way of making for ourselves, this time once and for all upon the matrix itself. The first results of this new method have been obtained during the past month, and have been successful. It now remains to be seen over how large a field it can be made useful. We have also managed to secure italics and small capitals for use on the ma- chines, both of which we were formerly without. There has been a considerable number of other forms of special activity; but those mentioned are typical. Most of this work once done is done finally, and in that respect the next year will show- economy; but at the present writing by no means all of this special work which is in sight has been accomplished. During the year I have been called upon to furnish particulars of our work to librarians in various parts of the country, and have reason to believe that our experience has proved helpful to them. At least one library, the Carnegie, has decided to follow our example, and is now negotiating for the purchase of a Lino- type, the specifications for which I have been asked to furnish. Sources of Economy. The Linotype has been in service long enough to demonstrate that for our purposes it is economical in the following respects: Cost of Composition, per se. Space occupied: to do the same range of work with type about five times the space would be necessary. Cost of metal: five tons of metal worth $600.00 can be made to accomplish as much as several thousand dollars’ worth of type. Economy of time and cost in make-up and presswork, es- pecially upon the Card Catalogue. Since the establishment of the department all regular forms of stationery kept in stock have been set up anew in uniform style as each, was required, and electrotype plates made, each form being given a regular serial number. About one hundred blanks have been so treated. Where these are reprinted without change, the cost of. the composition and electrotyping will be saved. There are still many outstanding forms to be so electro- typed, however, while new ones are constantly being made. The most important saving I can see for the coming year lies in the elimination of the great number of “changes” to be made (19) after the “copy” has been put into metal. This requires the co- operation of other departments. Sources of Waste. The purpose of making plates is defeated if, when the form is reprinted, such changes are made as to render them useless. This is probably sometimes unavoidable, but the less frequently it happens, the more economically printing can be done. Form No. 202 affords a striking recent instance. It was approved at nine o’clock, printed before twelve, and cancelled before one, on a single day. So also with regard to all other kinds of revision after matter has been put into type. It ought to be distinctly under- stood that the editorial labor of making a change on the proof (not a mere typographical correction) is no less than if that change had been made on the copy; but there is added the cost of correcting in the metal. As the cost of correction is greater than the cost of a similar amount of original composition, it will be seen that if the text of copy can be given its final form before the attempt is made to put it into type, a considerable saving will result. It should be further noted that the cost of a change or correction made upon the first or “galley” proof is but a fraction of what the same change or correction will cost if deferred till the last or “page” proof. If a “press” proof is required and shown, a thing in itself costly, changes made thereon are a still greater item of expense. The first proof, not the last, is that upon which the greatest care should be expended. Instances of this excessive cost of alteration are afforded by the Consolidated Periodical List and the Chamberlain pamphlet, both of which may be said to have been almost wholly reset. It is not for me to pass judgment upon the necessity of such changes, but it is my duty to call attention to their cost, and the extent to which they limit the output of this department, to the end that in the future such work may as far as possible be avoided. From 1896 to 1897 the department brings over a stock of about 500 reams of paper, 1000 lbs. of Tag board, and 46,000 sheets of card catalogue stock. There is brought forward also a liability of $2,750, being the final payment upon Linotype No. 3460 due in June, 1897. The whole of which is respectfully submitted, Francis Watts Lee, Chief of the Printing Department. (20) 1 4_r uo H4 £ o CO 0 HH O M 1— I u G* £coo G On .VO On G" *-. * G" o S q o’ ?_4 00 o * • £ 00 03 £ .2 4-> G CD (/} G . CO *rG Ti- rG 1 > £ CO Pi CO G" G G . 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Louise I. Guiney, and Alice Brown. Three heroines of New England romance. [Priscilla Mullins, Agnes Surriage, Martha Hilton.] 2727.23 Sumner, James. Memorial addresses on James Sumner. 2545.19 Tarbell, Ida M. Madame Roland. 2426.14 Wharton, Anne H. Martha Washington. [Women of colonial and revolutionary times.] 2522.23 Wilson, W. George Washington. 2735.17 HISTORY. Anderson, R. E. Story of extinct civilization of the East. 2888.35 Andrews, E. B. Last quarter century in the history of the United States. 2881.12 Bourinot, J. G. Story of Canada. [Story of the nations.] 2661.24 Bryce, J. Holy Roman empire. 2732.20 Burgess, J. W. The middle period. 1817-1858. [Ameri- can history series.] 2512.28 Byington, E. H. The Puritan in England and New Eng- land. 2414.8 Channing, E., and A. B. Hart. Guide to the study of American history. 2522.21 Drake, S. A. The watch-fires of ’76. 2651.8 Earle, Alice M. Colonial days in old New York. 2512.29 Eggleston, E. The beginners of a nation. 2732.21 Fiske, J. The American revolution. 2 v. 2732.19 Frazer, R. W. British India. [Story of the nations.] 2661.26 Gardiner, S. R. Students’ history of England to 1885. 2632.5 Green, J. R. Conquest of England. 2632.4 Hallam, H. View of Europe during the Middle Ages. 2516.7 Halstead, M. The story of Cuba. 2881. 11 Imbert de Saint- Amand. The revolution of 1848. 2664.11 Lewis, C. T. History of Germany. 2632.10 Mackenzie, R. The 19th century. A history. 2632.6 Maurice, C. E. The story of Bohemia. [Story of the nations.] . . 2661.23 Miller, W. The Balkans: Roumania, Bulgaria, Servia and Montenegro. [Story of the nations.] 2661.25 Mitchell, D. G. English lands, letters, and kings. 3 v. 2825.8 Myers, P. V. N. Ancient history. 2632.7 — A general history for colleges and high schools. 2632.9 — Outline of mediaeval and modern history. 2632.8 Old South leaflets. 2 v. 2886.32 Ploetz, C. Epitome of ancient, mediaeval and modern history. 2522.20 (27) Eleven point Old Style No. 1. Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina. patientia nostra? Quam diu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet? Ouem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia? Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palati, nihil urbis vigiliae, nihil timor populi, ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz m ph a b c d e fghijkl mno pq rs t uv w x y z ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 I23456789O 1 23456789O 123 4567890 1234567890 • '» ; ;- 5 ?